3 
 
 I 
 
 PEOPLE 
 HOME 
 'BRAKf 
 
 mmirmti'- 
 
ALBERT R, MANN LIBRARY 
 Cornell University 
 
 Gift of 
 Thomas Bass 
 
 
 
 
 
 tS Wu^ 
 
 
 From Home Bakings, by Edna Evans 
 San Francisco, 1912. 
 
 
The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924085804601 
 
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PEOPLE 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 
 
 OF 
 
 
 
 THREE 
 
 
 PRACTICAL 
 
 .' 
 
 
 BOOKS 
 
 
 THE 
 
 THE 
 
 THE 
 
 PEOPLE'S 
 
 PEOPLE^ PEOPLE'S 
 
 HOME 
 
 HOME 
 
 HOME 
 
 MEDICAL 
 
 RECIPE 
 
 STOCK 
 
 BOOK 
 
 BOOK 
 
 BOOK 
 
 BY 
 
 BY 
 
 BY 
 
 TJ-RlllhRMA 
 
 MR5.ALICEG.KIRK. W.CFAIR V.5. 
 
 Published by 
 
 THE R. C. BARNUM CO. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio— Minneapolis, Minn, 
 Boston, Mzus. 
 
 IMPERIAL PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 TORONTO, CANADA 
 1917 
 
Copyrighted 1910, 
 
 BY 
 
 R. C. BARNUM. 
 All RiGirxs 'iESEnvED. 
 
 Copyrighted 1913, 
 
 BY 
 
 THE R. C. BARNUM COMPANY. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 This is strictly a subscription .book and is not and will not be 
 sold in stores. If a book is desired, and there is no aprent in the 
 territory, it may be obtained directly from the publishers at the 
 regular subscription price. The best terms are otTered to reliable 
 agents. Address — 
 
 THE R. C. BARNUM CO. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio — ^Boiton, Mass. — Minneapolis, Minn, 
 
 IMPERIAL PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 TORONTO, CANADA 
 
COMPILER'S PREFACE. 
 
 " The People's Home Library " is a set of very practical books, the aim 
 bemg to give the purchaser a complete library of practical information and thus 
 save his buying these different books. The compiler was raised in the country 
 but for nine years he has been engaged in selling various receipt books and in 
 training others to do the same. This has given him an excellent opportunity, 
 not only to know the needs of the People in these lines but to study the defects 
 and the good points of most books of this nature that are being offered the 
 public. We have tried to avoid the mistakes of others, incorporate their good 
 points and at the same time add many new features. For nearly nine years 
 we have bieen gathering valuable receipts and planning this set of books. It 
 has been our constant aim to make this the most practical set of books of this 
 nature ever published. We have been exceedingly fortunate in securing authors, 
 not only of the highest professional standing and of national reputation, but of 
 the highest personal standing in their own communities. They are authors whose 
 characters command the respect and confidence of all who know them and this 
 is of the utmost importance in books of this kind which are to become house- 
 hold guides in a million homes. 
 
 " The People's Home Library " is essentially the People's book. It was 
 not only intended for the People but the People themselves helped compile it 
 by contributing the " People's Home Remedies " which they have used m their 
 hoines for years and which they know to be good. These remedies and receipts 
 have been gathered from the whole world over and much credit is due the 
 authors for their great care and patience in correcting these receipts and adding 
 many helpful suggestions. Every receipt m this book has been thoroughly^ 
 tested and tried and found to be good. The authors have most heartily joined 
 with the compiler in an earnest effort to make this in truth a most practical book 
 for the People and we trust it will prove a real money-saver in the home. We 
 believe we have succeeded in our undertaking and we therefore take jpleasure 
 in commending this book to the " People," who have so generously contributed 
 their favorite receipts and thus made it possible to compile such a work as " The 
 People's Home Labrary." 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 R. C. Barnum. 
 
DEDICATION. 
 THE PEOPLE'S. HOME LIBRARY 
 
 BEING A SET OF BOOKS 
 
 BY THE PEOPLE AND FOR THE PEOPLE' 
 
 IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 
 TO THE PEOPLE. 
 
 ' May it serve them well 
 in their hour of need." 
 
■^ i -fet ?n-S 
 

 r\ 
 
 Hi 
 
 
 \ 
 
 ! 1 fciiiii , m\ 
 
 BOOK I 
 
 or THE 
 PEOPLES 
 HOME 
 LIBRARY 
 
 BY 
 
 TJ.RITTERM.D. 
 
 GRADUATE OF BOTH ThE ALLOPATHIC 
 
 AND HOMEOPATHIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 rORMERLY ASSYTO THE CHAIROFTHE 
 
 THEORY AND PRAQICE OF MEDICINE, 
 
 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 ANN ARDOR, MICH. 
 
 Published by 
 
 THE R. C. BARNUM CO. 
 
 Cleveland* Ohio — Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Boston. Mass. 
 
 IMPERIAL PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 TORONTO, CANADA 
 
 1917 
 
Copyrighted 1910, 
 
 BY 
 
 R. C. BARNUM. 
 All Rights Reserved. 
 
AUTHOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 Many so-called "home medical books" have been published. While, 
 many of them have done much good the fault with most of them has been 
 either that they were too technical and thus not a home book at all or, that 
 many of the remedies given were unreliable or perhaps even dangerous. 
 
 The aim has been to make this work thoroughly scientific and authentic 
 and yet so simple and practical that it can be used in the humblest home.'. 
 In' its preparation the very, best medical authorities of this and foreign 
 countries have been freely read arid consulted. In giving the description 
 and symptoms of diseases such men as the following are our authorities: 
 Professor Osier, formerly of Johns Hopkins and now of Oxford; Professor 
 Anders of the University of Pennsylvania and Professor Hare of Jefferson 
 Medical College, Philadelphia. ' , 
 
 ' In the preparation of the parts of the work relating to surgery we have 
 consulted such as W. W. Keen, Professor of Surgery in Jefferson Medical 
 College and also J. William White, Professor of Clinical Surger)r of_ the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania. Both of these men are editors of the American Text 
 Book of Surgery. - , v 
 
 In treating of the diseases of women we are especially indebted to the 
 wotk of Professor Charles B, Penrose of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 In the treatment of the diseases of children and in writing the chapter 
 entitled "All About the Mother and Her Baby" the best children's spec- 
 ialists in the country have been read and consulted. This list of specialists 
 includes both Koplikand Holt of New York, Douglas of Detroit and Tooker 
 of Chicago. i^ • 
 
 In preparing the* Herb Departrrient the works most consulted were 
 those of Dr. Shoernaker and Dr. Wood, both of Philadelphia and Dr. King, 
 who was compiler of " King's Eclectic Dispensatory," 
 
 These men are all specialists in ' their particular line? and are recog- 
 nized as authorities by physicians all over the world. Besides the men 
 named many other authorities have freely been brought into use. 
 
 A special feature' of the work is " The People's Home Remedies.". 
 These follow the physician's treatment of the disease- and will be found the 
 most valuable collection of simple home remedies ever published. These 
 have bepn gathered from all parts of the world and are universally in use 
 among the people. These are not merely what someone " thought " would 
 cure, they are the " Mother's Remedies " that actually do cure. Th^y have 
 all been carefully gone over by myself a number of times and among them 
 I have recognized hundreds of home remedies that I have myself used in 
 my many years of fnedical practice and often I have seen fit to add incidents 
 and remarks citing cases where these home remedies have cured and ex- 
 plaining why they cured. Only the very best have been saved for this work 
 and after having had over thirty years of experience as a practicing physi- 
 cian I can pronounce them absolutely safe and reliable. Truly this is The 
 
ii PREFACE. 
 
 People's Book for it was not only written for the people but the people them- 
 selves helped get it up. 
 
 Realizing that not all diseases can be treated at home we have endeav- 
 ored to make it clear when a physician is necessary and have advised send- 
 ing for him in- such cases. That the book may be practical we have seen 
 fit to give first place to " Nursing '' and have given both general and special 
 instructions as to " Nursiiig and Diet " together with full directions as to 
 the use of home-aids and auxiliary treatments. We not only tell " What To 
 Do " but, what is often of equal importance, we tell " What Not To Do." 
 _^Special attention has also, been given to Preventive Treatments for is it 
 ' not better to prevent a disease than to wait until you get it and then try to 
 cure it? j 
 
 Mj-^ connection with the state University of Michigan as Assistant to 
 the Chair of the Theory and Practice of Medicine is perhaps a sufiicient guar- 
 antee of the reliability of this book^ and my experience in the hospital together 
 with over thirty years of actual medical practice have perhaps rendered me 
 competent to make the work thoroughly practical. 
 
 It has been my aim to make this work so reliable, that it will be recom- 
 mended by every physician in the land and yet so practical that it will be 
 used in every home throughout the country. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Author's Preface I 
 
 Nursing Department 1 
 
 Infectious and Contagious Diseases 45 
 
 Diseases of the Lungs, Bronchial Tubes and Air Passages 95 
 
 Diseases of the Heart, Arteries and Veins '; 12T 
 
 Diseases of the Blood 136 
 
 Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines ; 143 
 
 Diseases of the Liver 170 
 
 Diseases of the Kidneys and Bladder 176 
 
 Disea'ses of the Nervous System IS't 
 
 Constitutional Diseases 211 
 
 Skin Diseases 218 
 
 Diseases Due to Animal Parasites 339 
 
 Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat and Mouth 343 
 
 Deformities, Malignant Growths and Opfra-tions 363 
 
 Poisons '. 366 
 
 The People's Prescriptions for Liniments, Oils, Salves, Plasters, 
 
 Ointments, Poultices, Etc. 375 
 
 Patent Medicines 386 
 
 Herb Department 304 
 
 A Chapter for Men 359 
 
 Woman's Depar'tment 364 
 
 All About the Mother and Her Baby .' 403 
 
 Uses of Some Simpi^e Home Remedies 438 
 
 Supplement 441 
 
 Index 444 
 
LIST OT ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Portrait of T. J. Ritter, M. D Frontispiece 
 
 Hospitals and Medjcai, Buildings of Michigan State University Opposite i 
 
 Charts of Symptoms (Male, 2 Cuts) ^Opposite ,2 
 
 Charts ■ of SyIiptoms (Female, 2 Cuts) » Opposite 4 
 
 Hospital Meth6ds OF Bandaging (SevenCuts) ...Opposite 36 
 
 Scarlet Fever .Opposite , 48 
 
 Measles , Opposite 52 
 
 Chicken-Pox Opposite 56 
 
 Small- Pox Opposite 58 
 
 Digestive Organs Opposite 143 
 
 Head and Neck Opposite 242 
 
 tOMMON HteRBS USED AS MEDICINES ' ■ Opposite 323 
 
 Dandelion : Opposite 323 
 
 Stramonium or Thorn Apple , . . .Opposite 323 
 
 , Henbane or Poison Tobacco .Opposite 323 
 
 Iris or Blue Flag ,...: Opposite 323 
 
 Hops Opposite 323 
 
 Lily of the Valley Opposite 323 
 
 COMMON HERBS USED AS MEDICINES Opposite 339 
 
 , tjverwort or Hepatica ., Opposite 339 
 
 Beth Root or Nodding Wake-Robin Opposite 339 
 
 Black Cohosh or Squaw Root Opposite 339 
 
 Lobelia or Indian Tobacco 'V f r r Opposite 339 
 
 Pennyroyal ..v.. 1 Oppositfe 339 
 
 Poison' Hemlock ' Opposite 339 
 
 COMMON HERBS "USED AS MEDICINES -Opposite 352 
 
 Prowfoot or Cranesbill ^ , Opposite 352 
 
 Blood Root or Red Puccoon Opposite 352 
 
 White Oak Opposite 352 
 
 Trailing, Arbutus or Mountain Pink '. Opposite 352 
 
 Digitalis or Foxglove Opposite 352 
 
 Indian Turnip or Jack-in-the-Pulpit , Opposite 3Sf^ 
 
 «"? 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT 
 
 QUALITIES OF A GOOD NURSE. , 
 
 The nurse is now an important factor in the treatment of diseases. 
 Nurses are born, not made. Some people can never become nurses. A 
 good nurse is a combination of, many qualities. She needs to be healthy, 
 clean, strong, pleasant, tactful, obedient, cheerful, and in love with her work. 
 She should not be given to 'gossip and should have a great big heart filled 
 with good things. She needs to know enough to follow the doctor's direc- 
 tions and, also, to be able to meet emergencies when the 'doctor is not 
 present and cannot be reached. She should know something of the symp- 
 toms of diseases and to aid in this we herewithi give a table of symptoms 
 that we believe will be found valuable in every home. 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS. 
 
 ' Color of Skin. 
 
 Yellow. — Generally means jaundice. 
 
 Sallow Yellow. — When patient is haggard and emaciated means some ma- 
 lignant disease like cancer. ' 
 
 Waxy Pale Skin. — With swelling under eyes indicates Bright's disease. 
 
 Paleness.^Is caused by shock or loss of blood. 
 
 Vifhiten^ss. — Means anemia. Small quantity of blood and of poor quality. 
 
 Greenish White. — Shows chlorosis which is commonly called green sickness. 
 
 Purplish. — Cyanosis or mixture" of pure and impure blood. Blood not prop- 
 erly purified. ' 
 
 Bronze. — Addison's disease. 
 
 Hectic or Red Cheeks. — Means tuberculous constitution. 
 
 Single Red Cheek. — When seen with fan-like motion of wings of nose when 
 . breathing indicates pneumonia. , 
 
 Bluish or Inky Lips and Tongue. — Addison's disease. 
 
 • 
 Tongue. 
 
 Strawberry Tongue. — Scarlet fever. First looks like an unripe and later like 
 
 a ripe strawberry. 
 Yellbwish Brown. — Liver Trouble. 
 
 Whitish with Thick Coatirjg. — Usually some stomach trouble. 
 Dry, Red, Dark and Cracked and Teeth Covered with Coating.-:-Generally 
 
 n^eans typhoid .fever. i 
 
 Coated on Back Part. — Dyspepsia and constipation. 
 Cracked and Red.— rLast stages of peritonitis. '' 
 
 Bluish or Inky Tongue and Lips. — Addison's disease. 
 
 Rash. 
 Scarlet Color. — Scarlet fever. 
 Blotchy and Muddy .7-^MeAsles. 
 
 .Scattered Raised Spots with Whitish Pimples. — Chicken-pox. 
 Spots Containing Water and Pus. — Small-pox. 
 
a THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BdOK. 
 
 Spitting. 
 
 Glairy Mucus. — Catarrh. 
 
 Dark Blood, Spitting or Vomiting. — Hemorrhage or bleeding from stomach. 
 Frothy, Red Blood, Spitting or Vomiting.— Hemorrhage or bleeding from 
 lungs or lower bronchial tubes. 
 
 Vomiting. 
 
 Yellow or Green Material. — Usually shows bile. 
 
 Coffee Grounds.^Malignant growth; probably cancer of stomach. 
 
 Dark Blood. — Bleeding from Stomach. 
 
 Red, Frothy Blood. — Bleeding from lungs. 
 
 Feces (with odor). — Shows vomiting of contents of upper bowel. Probably 
 
 due to obstruction of bowel. 
 Projectile (vomiting with force). — ^Usually means meningitis. 
 Dark Acid Brown.— Peritonitis. 
 
 Bloating. 
 
 Of Stomach.— ^Indigestion. Dilated stomach. 
 
 Under Eyes. — Kidney trouble. 
 
 Of Face. — Kidney trouble. Heart trouble. Poor condition generally. 
 
 Of Abdomen. — Cirrhosis or hardening of liver. Tumors of ovaries, etc. 
 
 Of Legs and Feet. — Kidney trouble. Often from pressure on veins. 
 
 Sore Throat. 
 
 Red in Back Part of Throat. — Pliaryngitis. 
 
 " Whitish-yellowisfa-brown " or Grayish Spots or Membrane on Tonsils. — Ton- 
 
 silitis or' diphtheria. If membrane is removed in diphtheria surface is ~ 
 
 left raw and bleeding but not in tonsiUtis. 
 
 Fever. 
 
 Fever.— Shows rise in temperature. Found in inflammatory diseases such as 
 tonsilitis, gastritis, appendicitis, etc. Also in infe<itious diseases such as 
 diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, etc. Also in acute rheumatism, 
 pleurisy, pneumonia, nephritis, etc. 
 
 Chill. 
 
 Chill. — Indicates lower external temperature. Found in malaria, grip, pneu- 
 monia, nervousness, etc. 
 
 , Cough. 
 
 Coughing.-^Is often due to irritation from dust or smoking ; also, to nervous- 
 ness a,nd indigestion. 
 Dry, Hacking Cough. — May mean consumption. 
 Coarse, Barking Cough. — Whooping cough. 
 Spasmodic Coughing. — Whooping cough or laryngitis. 
 Loose Cough. — Due to mucus in air passages. . 
 
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/ NURSING DEPARTMENT. 3 
 
 Cry of Child. 
 
 Crying.— Usually indicates pain or anger. 
 Boisterous, Teniporary Cry- — Anger. 
 Catchy, Jerky Cry.— Pain. 
 Moaning, Wailing Cry. — Disease. 
 
 Stools. 
 
 Greenish. — Improper feeding, usually in children. 
 Bloody and Slimy. — Dysentery, piles or ulcers of bowels. 
 Watery. — Generally in cholera infantum. 
 Frequent. — Diarrhoea. 
 Infrequent. — Constipation. 
 
 Urine. 
 
 Bloody. — Hemorrhage or bleeding from kidneys. 
 Pale, — Generally nervousness. May be diabetes insipidus. 
 White. — Generally from deposits of white gravel. 
 Brick Dust. — Indicates uric acid deposits. 
 
 Swellings. 
 Under Jaw. — Enlarged glands. 
 Side of Jaw in Front of Ear.— Mumps. 
 Front of Neck. — Goitre. 
 At Joints. — Enlarged bursa (joint oil). Particularly at wrist. 
 
 ' Eyes. 
 
 Red and Inflamed. — Inflammation of eyes. 
 
 Rolling of Eyes. — Generally caused by brain irritation. 
 
 Turned Sideways in Disease. — Meningitis. 
 
 Contracted (small) Pupils. — Generally poisoning from opium. , 
 
 Dilated (enlarged) Pupils. — Apoplexy. Poisoning from atropine. 
 
 Nose. 
 
 Movement of Nostrils in Breathing. — Frequently seen in pneumonia. , 
 Picking Nose. — Often means worms and especially if there is scratching of 
 rectum. 
 
 Headache. 
 
 Front Part, Dull Aching. — Caused by constipation or dyspepsia. 
 
 Aching in Eyes. — Generally glasses are needed. 
 
 Top and Back of Head. — In women this frequently indicates womb disease. 
 
 Back Part. — Nervous headache, sick headache or spinal trouble. 
 
 Throbbing. — Congestion. 
 
 In Temples (neuralgia). — May be due to bad teeth. 
 
 Frothing at Mouth. 
 Frothing at Mouth. — Convulsions, paralysis or apoplexy. 
 
 Hands and Feet. 
 
 Cold Hands and Feet. — Poor circulation and low condition. Also seen in 
 last stages of disease before death. 
 
4 (THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 , ' Bleeding. 
 
 From Nosc-^Congjestion. May be from diphtheria, whooping cough or tu- 
 mors. Beginning of typhoid fever. 
 
 From Mouth.— Comes from stomach, lungs, throat or teeth. If frothy red, 
 from lungs. If dark red,* from stomach. 
 
 From Rectum. — Due to piles, ulcers or intestinal hemorrhage. 
 
 Steady Flow of Dark Blood. — From veins. Bandage on side of wound farth- 
 est from heart. 
 
 Bright Red and in Spurts. — From arteries. Bandage between wound and 
 heart. 
 
 Discharges. 
 
 From Nose or Eyes. — Means inflammation and needs attention. 
 
 I Pains. 
 
 See "Table of Pains 'and Aches" following. ". 
 
 TABLE OF PAINS AND ACHES. 
 
 Head. 
 Forehead.^-Often due to stomach or to constipation. 
 Over Eyebrows. — Catarrh or grip. 
 Top Part — In women frequently due to womb trouble. 
 Temples. — Generally neuralgia and may be from ear or teeth. 
 Neck (nape of). — Spinal troubles and nervousness. 
 
 Neck, Continued StifFpess of Nape.— One of the first symptoms of typhoid 
 fever. 
 
 Chest. 
 In Lungs. — Pleurisy, pneumonia, consumption. , 
 Muscles of Chest. — Rheumatism or neuritis. 
 Under Edge of Ribs.^-Intfercostal neuralgia. (Neuritis.) 
 Band Around Chest on Heart Line. — Heart Disease, 
 Pain in Breathing. — Geperally pleurisy or pneumonia. 
 Around Kteart. — May be heart trouble, muscular rheumatism or heartburn. ' 
 
 Heartburn is due to pressure from gas in stomach or bowels. * 
 Streaking from Heart Region to Shoulder and down inner side of Arm. — Fre- 
 
 qtiently indicates valvular heart disease,. 
 
 Abdomen. 
 
 Pain in Stomach. — Probably due to indigestion. May be dilation or gas. 
 
 In Stomach and Radiating to Back Bone. — ^Ulcer of Stomach ' 
 
 In Stomach. — May be due to cancer. 
 
 Between Navel and Point of Hip Bone on Right Side, — Likely to be appendi- 
 citis. Especially if muscles are tense and hard. 
 
 Right Side under Ribs and Liver and Higher than in Appendicitis. — Gall 
 stones. 
 
 Running from Kidney to Bladder and into Groin or Scrotum. — Usually due 
 to gravel. " 
 
 Band Around and Below the Waist. — Disease of spinal cord. 
 

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NURSING DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Back. 
 
 Pain under Ribs near Back Bone. — Kidney trouble. Kidneys are higher up 
 
 than most people think. 
 In Deep Muscles of Back. — Lumbago. 
 Very Low in Back. — Piles or injured bone. (Coccyx.) 
 
 Shoulder. 
 Pain under Right Shoulder Blade. — Liver trouble. 
 
 Legs. 
 
 Pain in Back Part of Thigh and Leg to Foot. — Sciatica. 
 Knee. — Rheumatism, white swelling or hip joint disease. 
 
 Joints. 
 Pain or Aching in Joints. — Generally due to rheumatism. 
 
 Pain in Urinating. 
 Pain in Passing Urine. — Local inflammation of urethra or bladder or due to 
 acid or alkaline urine. 
 
 COMPARISON OF DISEASES. 
 Diphtheria, Tonsilitis and Quinsy. 
 
 Diphtheria. — First there is a spot or spots on the tonsils or perhaps on the 
 soft palate or uvula, then the membrane quickly forms and perhaps ex- 
 tends to the other parts. i 
 
 Membrane when forcibly removed leaves a red, raw surfate and speedily 
 returns. 
 
 Membrane is of a "whitish-yellow-brown" or grayish color. 
 Bad tongue somewhat the color of the membrane. 
 Very bad breath. 
 ■ Tonsilitis. — Spot or spots on the tonsils ; membrane forms on the tonsils only. 
 Membrane when it comes off leaves a glistening surface. 
 Membrane of a whitish yellow brown or grayish color. 
 Bad tongue somewhat the color of the membrane. 
 Very bad breath. . 
 
 Quinsy. — No spots or membrane. 
 
 The disease is in the body of the tonsil and surrotmding soft parts back, 
 
 of it. 
 
 Jaw is generally quite stiff and the patient is sometimes unable to open 
 
 the mouth. 
 Note. — It is sometimes impossible to distinguish between diphtheria and 
 I- tonsilitis without the regular medical test. Especially is this true when 
 
 the .spots or membrane are confined to the tonsils. 
 
6 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Measles, German Measles, Chicken-pox and Small-pox. 
 Measles. — Sneezing, water running from nose, watery eyes and generally a 
 
 bad cough. 
 
 A great deal of fever. 
 
 The eruption is generally thick and in blotcjies or spots. 
 
 Eruption appears first in the mouth and on the face. 
 German Measles. — Milder than measles and not so much catarrh, often none. 
 
 Not much fever. 
 
 The eruption is more scattered than in measles and of a lighter color. 
 
 There is a greater tendency to aiifect the glands of the neck than in true 
 
 measles. 
 Chicken-pox.— Generally mild. 
 
 Eruption consists of rose-colored spots. 
 
 Eruption first appears on the neck and trunk of body. 
 
 Eruption changes within a few hours into pimples with a white top. 
 
 The spots may number from a dozen to hundreds. 
 Small-pox. — There is first a sense of uneasiness, weariness and soreness. 
 
 Severe pain in the head as if it would fly to pieces. An indescribable 
 
 pain in the back. 
 
 Very bad breath. 
 
 Eruption is first seen upon the face and exposed parts of the body in 
 
 the form of small red points. These enlarge greatly and finally fill with 
 
 pus. 
 
 Another symptom is a feeling as though there were sh6t under the skin 
 
 when the hand is passed over the forehead. 
 
 Scarlet Fever and Roseola. 
 Scarlet Fever. — Eruption consists of very minute i^ed points, not raised, and 
 
 so crowded that the skin appears of a uniform bright red over the whole 
 
 body. 
 ' Eruption appears first on. the chest and roof of the mouth. 
 
 There is generally the, peculiar strawberry tongue, looking first like an 
 
 unripe and later like a ripe strawberry. 
 
 Generally there is sore throat either mild or severe. 
 Roseola. — Eruption is a deep scarlet flush. 
 
 Eruption shows in patches and is not uniform over the body. 
 
 Eruption first appears on limbs and body. 
 
 Tongue may be covered with a thick ^yhitish yellow coating. 
 
 There is not generally a sore throat. 
 
 Renal or Kidney Colic, Gall Stone Colic and Appendicitis. 
 Renal or Kidney Colic. — The pain is very severe. 
 
 The pain runs from back, under the ribs, and especially when there is 
 
 much uric acid in the urine the pain runs down into the bladder and 
 
 scrotum. 
 
 There is a history of kidney stones or red sand in the urine. 
 Gall Stone Colic. — ^The pain is generally excruciating. 
 
 The pain is generally under the ribs and in the stomach. 
 
 There is a history of gall stones. 
 
 Generally a bilious complexion. 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. H 
 
 Appendicitis.^The pain may be severe but is generally a severe aching. 
 
 The pain is located midway between the navel and the point of the hip 
 bone and does not extend doWn into the scrotum. 
 The muscles of the abdomen are tense and hard. 
 
 WHAT THE HOME MEDICINE CHEST SHOULD CONTAIN. 
 
 Appliances. — The medicine chest should contain scales with scruple and 
 dram weights, four-ounce glass graduate, one-dram graduate, correct medi- 
 cine dropper, four-ounce hard rubber syringe, camel's hair brushes, absorbent 
 cotton,, rolled bandages one and two inches wide and three to five yards 
 long; surgeon's gauze, old muslin and linen, court plaster, rubber adhesive 
 plaster and paraffin paper. 
 
 Allopathic Medicines. 
 
 Internal Medicines. — Olive oil, glycerine, whisky, gin, sherry wine, mag- 
 nesia, castor oil, syrup of rhubarb, baking soda, sweet spirits of nitre, essence 
 of peppermint, essence of wintergfreen, syrup of ipecac, hive syrup, paregoric, 
 laudanum, quinine, one and two-grain quinine pills, soda mint, aromatic 
 spirits of ammonia. ' 
 
 External Medicines. — Alcohol, ammonia water, turpentine, chloroform, 
 soap liniment, extract of witch hazel, tincture of' iodine, boric acid, flaxseed 
 meal, vaseline, benzoated lard, zinc ointment. 
 
 For Poisoning. — Vinegar, tannic acid, epsom salts, sulphate of copper in 
 three-grain powders. For poisoning by matches, Jeaunel's antidote. 
 
 Homeopathic Medicines. 
 
 Homeopathic medicines are ptepared in the form of tinctures and pow- 
 ders. From the tinctures the " dilutions " are made. From the powders are 
 made " triturations " and these are often compressed into tablets. "Dilution " 
 thus means the liquid form of the medicine and according to strength it is 
 called first (1st) dilution, 3nd dilution, 3rd dilution, etc. The medicine may be 
 bought in these strengths. The higher the dilution the weaker the medicine. 
 
 "Trituration " means the powdered" form of the medicine and it is called 
 first (1st) trituration or Ix, 2nd trituration ot 3x, 3d trituration or 3x. These 
 triturations are generally compressed into tablets as they are handier to use 
 in tablet form. The higher the trituration, the weaker the medicine. 
 
 If you are not referring to either the liquid or powder form of the medi- 
 cine you can call either 3l dilution or a trituration an "attenuation." It is 
 better to specify either the dilution or the trituration. 
 
 In using these medicines in the liquid or dilution form you usually put 
 ten to fifteen drops of the dilution (say 1st, 2nd or 3d dilution) into a glass 
 otie-half full of water and of this you give two teaspoonfuls every half hour, 
 hour, two hours or three hours according to the case. By this you will know 
 the dose of any homeopathic medicine used in this book if it is not given. 
 We have endeavored, howejver,. to~give the dose in each case. 
 
 When you use the medicine in tablet form you give one or two tablets 
 dry on the tongue or dissolve them in a little w^ter. They are given every 
 half hour to three hours according to the case so you will know tlie. dose 
 should it not be given with any homeopathic remedy in the book. 
 
8 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Some medicines are best used in dilution and some in tablet form. We 
 will give the kind to use and the strength of the same in naming the remedies. 
 
 You can buy the homeopathic medicines in some drug stores or you, 
 can get them from a good homeopathic physician. The Boericke and Tafel 
 preparations, are the dearest but it pays to buy them if you can. 
 
 You can use the dilutions to saturate disks. Buy a pound of No. 6 
 homeopathic disks. Fill a four-dram bottle with these and then pour it one- 
 fourth full of the dilution wanted, that is, enot:gh to saturate all the disks. 
 They should look wet. Shake the bottle. This is a nice way of using the 
 dilutions. The medicines. keep well if in a dark cool place away from cam- 
 phor, ammonia, coflfee, chloroform and liniments. They must be kept, away 
 from the allopathic medicine chest. 
 
 The following medicines and strengths are recommended for the homeo-; 
 pathic chest. Buy only the homeopathic preparations. Remember "dilu- 
 tions" are the liquid forms and "triturations" are tablets or powders, 
 .Where triturations are mentioned we advise tablets instead of powders. 
 
 Aconite 2x or 2nd dilution. 
 Apis. Mel 2x or 2,nd trituration. 
 Arsenicum Alb. 3x or 3rd trituration.' 
 Belladonna 3x or 3rd dilution. 
 Bryonia 2x or 2nd dilution. 
 Chamomilla Ix or 1st dilution. 
 China officinalis 2x or 2nd dilution. 
 Gelsemium Ix or Ist dilution. 
 Heijar Siilph. 3x or 3rd trituration. 
 Kali bich. 3x or 3rd trituration. 
 Mercurius Sol. 3x or 3rd trituration. 
 Mercurius biniodide 3x or 3rd trituration. 
 Nux Vomica 3x ji- 3rd trituration., 
 
 Phosphorus 3x or 3rd dilution. 
 Pulsatilla. 3x or 3rd trituration.' 
 Rhus tox 6x or 6th trituration. 
 Sepia 6x or 6th trituration. 
 Spongia 3x or 3rd tritiiration. 
 Sulphur 12x or 12th trituration. ' 
 Veratrum alb 2x or 2nd dilution. 
 Tartar Emetic 3x or 3rd trituration. 
 Lycopodiiim 12x or 12th trituration. 
 Sariguinaria 2x or 2nd dilution. 
 Iris versicolor ■ 2x or 2nd dilution. ' 
 Phosphoric Acid 3x or 3rd dilution. 
 Cocculus Ix or 1st dilutipn. 
 
 DOSES OF MEDICINE FOR VARIOUS AGES. 
 
 Wherever doses are mentioned without giving the age they are intended 
 for adults. There are several ways of determining the proportion for a 
 cliild. One way, and an easy one to remember, is to add the number 13 to 
 the age of the child and use the sum as a denominator, then place the age of 
 the child above the line for a numerator and the resulting fraction will be 
 the proportion of the adult dose to use- Say the child is 2 years of age, add : 
 13 to 3 which makes 14 for the denominator ; then use 3 as the numerator 
 and you have 3/14, or 1/7 of the adult dose. This rule will need to be varied 
 according to the size and physical condition of the child. If it is a stroilg ' 
 robust child the dose may be made a little larger than for the age indicated. 
 Then, again, the rule must be varied according to thte kind of medicine given. 
 If you are giving opiates or narcotics to a child you Should give but one half 
 the dose indicated for the age. Thus, for a child of 3 years instead of giving 
 1/7 of a dose as we figured above you should give but half that or 1/14 of 
 the adult dose.. If you are giving laixatives you can give two or three times 
 the normal child dose. Thus, for the child 3 years old you would' give either 
 3/7 or 3/7 of the adult dose. If a child be less than a year old, first find the 
 dose for 1 year, then take the proportion of that indicated by the fige. For 
 ekample : if the child is six months old, or % year, you would give half the 
 dose indicated for a child a year old. 
 
" 20 
 
 (( 
 
 ', , , four-fifths 
 
 Above 31 
 " 65 
 " 70 
 
 it 
 it 
 if 
 
 full dose 
 
 eleven-twelfths 
 
 , . , five-sixths 
 
 " 85 
 
 it 
 
 ^ two-thirds 
 
 NURSING DEPARTMENT. 9 
 
 Here is another method and by referring to the table yqu will not have 
 to figure the dose each time. 
 
 t weeks .one-thirtieth Under 14 years , . . one-half 
 
 7 months one-twentieth 
 
 1 year one-tentfa 
 
 Under 2 years one-eighth 
 
 " 3 " one-sixth 
 
 4 " one-fourth 
 
 ■ " 5 " one-third 
 
 TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES FOR MEDICINES. 
 
 1 minim generally equals 1 drop. 
 
 60 drops make '. 1 fluid drachm, or 1 small teaspoonfuL ,/ 
 
 8 fluid drachms make 1 fluid ounce, or 2 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 16 fluid ounces make 1 pint. Or about 1 pound in weight. 
 
 i drop generally equals ' 1 grain. 
 
 20 grains fnake ,^; • •• • ^ scruple, or 1-3 teaspoonfuL 
 
 3 scruples make '^ 1 dram, or 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 8 drams make 1 ounce, or 3 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 1 tablespoonful equals 4 teaspoonfuls! 
 
 i teacup equals 4 fluid ounces. 
 
 1 coffee cup equals 6 fluid ounces. 
 
 1 wineglass equals 3 to 4 tablespoonfuls. . 
 
 / 
 
 SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS' USED BY PHYSICIANS. 
 
 Tr., tincture; ext., solid extract; fl. ext., fluid extract; syr., syrup; inf., 
 infusion; dec, decoction; oz., ounce; dr., dram or drachm; gr., grain; scr., 
 scruple; pt, pint; qt, quart; gal., gallon. 
 
 S = dram. 
 f3 = fluid dram. 
 S = ounce. 
 f 5 = fluid ounce. 
 O = pint. 
 Oj=?=l pint. 
 5j = 1 dram. 
 3s— 3 drams. 
 S^ = 3 drams. 
 31V = 4 drams. 
 3V = 5 drams. , 
 f 3j = 1 fluid dram. 
 fSj = 1 fluid ounce. 
 
 HOW TO MAKE THE PATIENT COMFORTABLE IN BED. 
 
 Changing Night Gown. 
 
 M Remove one sleeve of the gown and immediately put on same sleeve 
 of the clean gown by passing your hand through the sleeve from the hand 
 end andgrasping the hand of the patient and drawing his arm through, or 
 pushing the sleeve up his arm. Slip the gown across the chest under the 
 
10 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 soiled one and put the second sleeve on the same as the first. Turn to the 
 side to button. This is for a gown that opens in the back. When the 
 gown is a closed one or opens in the front and is long, have the patient lie 
 on bis back with his knees bent. Have him slightly raise his thighs or raise 
 him yourself by placing one of your hands under his buttocks (seat) and 
 theii draw the gown up with the other hand after it has been put over his 
 feet and knees. Then slip one arm under his shoulder and support his head 
 with that arm. Draw the gown well up around his neck. Slip one of your 
 hands through the upper armhole of one of the sleeves, grasp his arm 
 above the elbow and bend it while you draw the sleeve of soiled gown off 
 with the other hand. Place the sleeves of clean gown on as directed above 
 and button. 
 
 To Change Under Sheet 
 
 If the patient can move turn him on his side and roll soiled sheet over as 
 far as possible. Roll the clean sheet half width and put against the soiled 
 one. Then gently turn the patient on his back and other side and pull out 
 the soiled sheet and at the same time pull or unroll the clean one. When 
 rolling the sheets, roll in widths of say four inches and then when the sick 
 one is rolled on his back and side he will not feel the roll. When the patient 
 cannot be moved you can work the soiled sheet from the top down and 
 roll the clean one and work it down slowly and gently at the same time 
 with very little lifting of the patient. • 
 
 How to Move the Patient from One Bed to Another. 
 
 Place beds tojjether. If of the same height draw the patient to the 
 new bed by pulling on the sheet. It is best to roll the sheet up to the 
 patient for it is thus made stronger and gives a better hold. When it is 
 necessary to c'.rry the patient roll him in the upper sheet and blanket. 
 It usually takes two for this. One puts his hands under the patient's 
 shoulders ana buttocks and the other under his thighs and back. Draw 
 him gently to the edge of the bed and carry carefully to the bed which has 
 been prepared. 
 
 To Lift and Carry the Patient When Sitting, 
 
 Place your arm over his shoulder and take a firm hold under the opposite 
 artn. Have the patient clasp his arms on your far shoulder and then place 
 your free arm under his knees. 
 
 To Draw a Patient Up in Bed. 
 
 Bend the patient's knees so that his feet will rest firmly on the bed; 
 grasp him under his far arm, bending your arm so that his head will rest 
 in your elbow joint; put your other arm under his thighs, bend your knees 
 slightly to avoid bending your back, and move the patient gently upward. If 
 two are required, do as follows: One grasps i the patient under the arm as 
 though he were to move him alone and then places the other arm under the 
 small of the back. The other person also places one arm under the small 
 of the back and the other arm under his thighs. 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 11 
 
 How to Sit a Patient Up in Bed. 
 You can have a back-rest or pad a chair. Put a cane or wooden seated 
 chair up-side-down on the bed with front oart against the bed or bedstead. 
 Then put pillo\/s between the patient and chair and arrange to his comfort. 
 
 To Place a Patient in a Chair, 
 
 Place the chair with the front to the bed ; jnake it soft with pillows on 
 the seat and at the back with open end of pillow case down. Place one arm 
 around the patient's shoulder with the hand under his opposite arm. Place 
 your other arm under his thighs. If too heavy for one, put one of your arms 
 around shoulder as before and the other under his buttocks. The second 
 person then puts one arm around small of back and the other under the 
 thighs near the knees. 
 
 The Bed Pan and How to Use It. 
 
 You should always use a bed pan as the old-fashioned chamber neces- 
 sitates sitting the patient up and cannot be used in many diseases. The 
 old kind should never be used in typhoid fever, appendicitis or any bowel 
 trouble. Get the metal bed pan. It should be kept clean and sweet. Wash 
 daily with hot water and soap suds and scald. Copperas solution is a good 
 thing to use in them as a disinfectant for bowel contents and urine. To use 
 the bed pan, bend the knees of the patient so that his feet will rest firmly 
 on the bed. Then pass one hand under the lower part of the batk and 
 raise him a little as you gently push the pan up with the other hand. Raise 
 him the same way before attempting to remove the pan. Have the pan 
 warm and cover it immediately after it is removed. To cleanse the parts 
 thoroughly it is well to place a clean pan and then cleanse. 
 
 How to Cleanse the Mouth and Teeth. 
 This is very needful in disease and especially in typhoid fever. Wrap 
 a piece of gauze or absorbent cotton or a piece of clean linen around your 
 index finger or around a small piece of whale bone or stick. Wet this in 
 the mouth wash and clean every part thoroughly. Carefully clean the tongue 
 but do not use the same piece twice. Listerine, half strength, or any other like 
 antiseptic is good. The boric acid solution is especially good. 
 
 Prevention and Care of Bed Sores. 
 These are often due to old age, fevers, some spinal disease, paralysis or 
 gerieral dropsy but the exciting causes are wrinkles in the bed clothes, 
 moisture from the bowels and urine, bread crumbs, dirt, and remaining in 
 one position too long. The preventive treatment is cleanliness and change 
 of position. The active treatment is to bathe the red spot with alcohol and 
 dust with the following powder from two to four times in twenty-four 
 hours. Mix % ounce of powder of boric acid with 1 ounce of powder of oxide 
 of zinc. Rubber rings are also good. If the skin is in danger of breaking 
 wash gently with warm alcohol every six hours and rub with alcohol and 
 powder every three hours. When the sores have formed observe cleanliness 
 and use an ointment of castor oil and alcohol thickened with zinc oxide pow- 
 der. Another good powder is boric acid, % dram; oxide of zinc, 1 dram; 
 lanoline, 6 ounces; alboline, % ounce. 
 
13 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS. 
 
 Where we use disinfectants they are intended for use in the sick room, 
 for vessels, etc., but are generally too strong for use on the body. The 
 antiseptics are intended for use on the body such as for sores, mouth 
 washes, etc. 
 
 Carbolic Acid Disinfectant. — Use 6% ounces of carbolic acid to a gallon of 
 water. This is suitable for clothing, dishes, metals and the hands of nurses. 
 Soak clothes in it and boil. 
 
 It can also be used on curtains and sheets and placed at doors and win- 
 dows to prevent the spread of the contagion. 
 
 Carbolic Acid Aptiseptic Solution. — Use 1 part of carbolic acid to 125 
 parts of water, or 1 teaspoonful of acid to a pint of water. This may be used as 
 a vaginal douche or when there is a foul smelling discharge from sores, etc., 
 but for wounds and sores I would advise the use of some of the milder anti- 
 septics such as glyco-thymoline, listerine, borolyptal or boric acid solution. 
 Carbolic acid in any form should be marked " Poison," and should be kept 
 out of reach of children. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate (Bichloride of Mercury) Disinfectant and Anti- 
 septic. — This can be bought in tablets of any strength desired so that when 
 dissolved in water it will make from one one-thousandth to a one ten- 
 thousandth solution. Dissolve one tablet, strength one to four-thousand 
 in a pint of boiling water. Keep in a bottle marked " Poison." Good for 
 bed pan and as' a cleansing wash for old sores. It is better to use this as 
 a disinfectant only and use something else as an antiseptic. 
 
 Boric Acid Antiseptic Wash for Mouth. — Dissolve % ounce of boric acid 
 in a pint of water. 
 
 Copperas Disinfectant. — Put a lump as large as a walnut in the chamber 
 with half a pint of water to receive discharges of all kinds such as urine, 
 sputum, feces and vomited matter from contagious and infectious patients. 
 
 Chloride of Lime. — ^Use 6 ounces of lime to a gallon of soft water. It 
 should be kept' in the vessel to receive the discharges from contagious pa- 
 tients. Let it stand for several hours before emptying. 
 
 Disinfecting Vapor. — ^This is useful in the room of a diphtheria patient 
 or patient of foul odors. Use pure carbolic acid, 1 ounce ; oil of eucalyptus. 
 1 ounce ; spirits of turpentine, 4 ounces. Put one or two tablespoonfuls into 
 hot water and keep it simmering constantly. Avoid going near the fire with 
 this mixture. 
 
 Dry Disinfectants. — Chloride of lime and copperas may be used freely in 
 closets and cesspools. 
 
 Disinfecting a Room After a Contagious Disease. — Take the paper from 
 the walls and wash the walls and the woodwork with a one to one-thousand 
 solution of corrosive sublimate then stop up all the cracks and burn sulphur 
 in the room. Wash the hands carefully after having them in the above 
 solution. Formaldehyde is a more effective disinfectant to burn in the room 
 but it is dangerous and it is best to leave its use to the health officers. 
 
 BATHS. 
 
 Bathing is essential to health. Some people can enjoy it daily; some 
 want it cold and others warm. Morning is usually the best time. The water 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 13 
 
 should not be too warm as one is then likely to take cold. When taking 
 a cold bath put water on the back of the neck first and then step into the 
 bath. This lessens the chilly feeling. If you bathe frequently do not bathe 
 longer than ten minutes. Rub briskly during and after a cold bath. 
 
 Bed Bath. — Close the windows, be sure there is no draught and that 
 the' room is warm and comfortable. Place a folded blanket over the chest 
 and tuck a corner of it under the mattress on both sides to keep it from 
 slipping down; turn down the bed clothing, unfolding the blanket at the 
 same time; slip second blanket or half of large one under the patient and 
 take off the night gown. Then proceed first with the face, neck, arms, chest, 
 etc., and dry as you go. Rub the patient afterward with alcohol. Never 
 expose the patient but always keep him covered. Do not hurry and on the 
 other hand do not take so long as \o exhaust the patient. Wash cloths should 
 be well wrung out before using. Unless specially directed the temperature 
 of the water is to be comfortable for the patient. 
 
 To Wash the Hair of the Patient. — Do not do this in a case of diphtheria. 
 It is generally prohibited in acute diseases. In chronic diseases it is generally 
 necessary. You need a pitcher, soap, plenty of hot and cold water and a 
 jar into which to empty the water. You will also need some soft towels and a 
 rubber to protect the pillows. Bring the patient to the side of the bed; pin 
 one end of the rubber around the neck and with the rest make a trough ex- 
 tending to a foot bath or, basin a few inches lower than the head to receive the 
 dripping. First use soap water, rubbing hair and scalp well, and follow with 
 clear water. Dry the hair with warm towels and by fanning. Wait until 
 dry before braiding. 
 
 Tub Bath. — This is for a high fever. Use a portable tub if possible. 
 
 Sponge Baths. — Must be given by an experienced hand. An easy way 
 to give a sponge or towel bath is to put one thick flannel sheet under and 
 one over the patient after the night robe has been taken off. The blankets 
 will absorb all the water you spill. Use water which is comfortable for the 
 patient, unless there is a high fever, when it should be as cold as can be 
 borne without badly affecting the patient. Wring cloth or sponge pretty 
 dry and commence with the face and go down. Rub dry after washing a 
 foot or two of space. In this way a bath can be given very easily. After 
 a corrl sweat a patient can be washed off in the same way only you need 
 not use any new sheets. The old ones will do for you must change them 
 anyv/ay. All sheets should be thoroughly dried and aired before being used. 
 Do not take them out of their packing place and put directly upon the sick 
 bed. Put them in the sunlight by a closed window or on a radiator or in 
 any other place where they will air and dry. 
 
 Sitz Bath. — This is good for inflammations of the pelvic organs and rec- 
 tum and also in labor. You should have a specially prepared tub. Fasten 
 a blanket around both the patient and the tub and wrap a second blanket 
 around patient's feet and hips. The temperature of the water should be from 
 110 to 112 degrees. The bath should last five minutes and perhaps ten 
 minutes in some cases. 
 
 In labor you can use a common tub and sit in it or sit over a large pail 
 of hot water. This frequently increases the pain and relaxes the perineum. 
 
 Foot Baths. — Fold the bed clothes up from the foot of the bed to above 
 the patient's knees. Cover the feet and limbs with a double blanket and 
 turn the blanket over the' feet and back under the hips. Bend the patient's 
 
14 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 knees and place foot tub half filled with water, 112 to 115 degrees, length^ 
 wise in the bed between the folds of the blanket. Lift the feet with one 
 hand and with the other draw the tub under them. Put them into the 
 water slowly so as to accustom them to the heated water. Fold the blanket- 
 around the tub and knees and bring down the bed clothes. In ten minutes 
 carefully pour in some more hot water but do not pour it directly on the 
 patient's feet for fear of burning. The bath may last twenty minutes. 
 Take it away in the same manner as you placed it there. Dry the feet well 
 and place a hot water bag against them. 
 
 Sulphur Baths. — Add 30 grains of sulphate of potassium to each gallon 
 of water which should be of the temperature of about 95 degrees. Remember 
 that sulphur discolors metal. 
 
 Bran Baths. — Boil one pound of bran in a bag for twenty minutes ; drain 
 ofif the fluid and add it to the bath water at the temperature of about 95 
 degrees. Fill tub half full of water. 
 
 Soda Baths. — These are for itching of the skin. Use 8 ounces of soda to 
 each gallon of watei. Remain quiet in these baths for from five to twenty 
 minutes. Envelop the patient in a hot sheet and dry gently. 
 
 Salt Baths. — Use 15 pounds of salt to a tub half full of water. The tem- 
 perature should be from 65 to 70 degrees. Rub well both during and after ■ 
 the bath. 
 
 Mustard Foot Baths. — These are good for colds and whenever you wish 
 to draw the blood from the head to the extremities. Use two tablespoonful^ 
 of mustard to a gallon of hot water. 
 
 Internal Baths. — Douches and injections are for the vagina, womb, nose 
 and ear. The water may be either clear or medicated and either warm or 
 hot — sometimes very hot. The ordinary temperature is from 110 to 115 
 degrees. Various antiseptics and medicines are used, such as carbolic acid, 
 listerine, glyco-thymoline, witch hazel, calendula, hydrastis, tannin,, etc. 
 
 Enemas are injections into the rectum. These are used to destroy worms 
 and germs and also for bleeding, diarrhoea, gas, soothing purposes and to 
 produce a movement of the bowels. They are sometimes given for nourish- 
 ment when the patient is unable to eat and are then called enematas. Yotr 
 need a bed pan and either a fountain or a bulb syringe. A hard rubber one 
 holding from one-half ounce to an ounce should be used for babies. The 
 solutions used are warm water, soap and water or oil for the bowels- 
 Medicated water may be used as directed for other troubles. 
 
 VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE OF SICK ROOM. 
 
 Fresh air and sunlight are necessary in the sick room. They are anti- 
 septic and health giving. Any room can easily be ventilated. If the patient 
 cannot stand to have the window open continually it can be opened fre- 
 quently. The draught should not be over the patient. Cover the sick one 
 and keep the cover up from the head so that he may breathe. If the bed is 
 near the window place a screen or quilt on a high chair to keep the draught 
 from the patient. Keep the arms and body under the cover and cover the 
 head with a big handkerchief or cover up entirely as before directed while 
 the room is being thoroughly ventilated with the windows open. The air 
 in a room should never smell bad. Ventilate often or have continuous ven- 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 15 
 
 tilation if possible. For continuous ventilation raise the lower sash of a 
 window a few inches and put a board in the opening. The air then enters 
 the room at the bottom of the upper sash or between the two sashes and no 
 draught is created. The temperature should vary for different diseases and 
 different persons. Usually it should be from 68 to 72 degrees. 
 
 THE TEMPERATURE, PULSE AND RESPIRATION OF THE 
 
 PATIENT. 
 
 The normal temperature is 98 6/10 degrees Fahrenheit. In infants it 
 is higher. The temperature should be taken in the mouth under the tongue 
 and with the lips closed. It may also be taken in the arm pit with the arm 
 close to the side but this is not as true a way. It may also be taken in, the 
 rectum. When taken in the mouth the patient must not have recently had 
 anything either hot or cold in the mouth. Before taking the temperature 
 shake the thermometer down to 95 or 96 degrees. It should remain in the 
 mouth from one to ten minutes. The thermometer will need to be kept in 
 the rectum longer than in the mouth. If taken in the arm pit the temperature 
 will be from 3/10 to % a degree lower. Keep the thermometer clean but do 
 not put it into hot water. 
 
 The normal pulse is 70 to 74 per minute. It varies it, different persons. 
 
 The respiration is usually about 18 times a minute; children, 20 to 24; 
 babes, 24 to 30. 
 
 INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 Care to be Taken. — A contagious disease is one which can be communi- 
 cated by coming in contact with or near to the patient, his clothing, etc. 
 Scarlet fever, measles, small-pox and diphtheria are examples. An in- 
 fectous disease is one caused by the entrance into the body of disease-bearing 
 (pathogenic) organisms. Typhoid fever is such a disease. In infectious and 
 contagious diseases the feces, urine and sputum should always be received 
 in disinfecting material which is placed in the vessels. Linen and utensils 
 used by the patient and the nurse should be disinfected. Articles taken from 
 the bed of such a patient should be immediately put into a pail or vessel 
 containing a disinfecting water and should then be carried to a disinfecting 
 room. The attendants should be very careful. I once had a nurse attending 
 a typhoid case who was very careless and finally took the disease and came 
 near dying. It pays to be careful. 
 
 The nurse should never leave the room without washing her face and 
 hands in a 5 pet. carbolic acid solution and she should put on a disinfected 
 sheet and hood. When attending to the patient she should be careful not 
 to get any of the discharges upon her hands or face or in the eyes or mouth 
 or on any other part of her person. Frequently in diphtheria the patient 
 coughs and if care is -not taken some of the discharge may get into her 
 eyes and mouth. When irrigating such a patient's throat glasses should 
 be used to protect the eyes of the nurse and gauze should be tied over the 
 mouth. Do not put your hands to your mouth, face or eyes. Similar care 
 must be exercised in scarlet fever and small-pox and the doctor's directions 
 thoroughly carried out. 
 
16 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Disinfection is done by the legal authorities after the patient has com-- 
 pletely recovered. Any one having a contagious disease in the house and not 
 having a doctor must notify the health officer of the fact in ©rder to comply 
 with the requirements of the law. The house is then quarantined, a card 
 placed in plain sight and orders given as to the extent of the quarantine. 
 These must be obeyed. The nurse is of great help in case of a contagious 
 disease but she can dp even more in case of infectious diseases such as typhoid 
 fever. 
 
 Isolation and Disinfection in Contagious Diseases. — As soon as any one 
 in a family has a contagious disease like diphtheria, scarlet fever or small-pox, 
 that person should immediately be placed in a pleasant, sunny room with all 
 clothing, rugs, carpets, upholstered chairs and unnecessary furniture removed, 
 keeping only such furniture and bedding as may be needed. It is well 
 to do this even before the disease has been pronounced contagious. In this 
 way other members of the family may be saved from the disease. The 
 nurse should not mingle with the family. Of course nothing must be re- 
 moved from the patient's room without being thoroughly disinfected. 
 
 Dishes. — Place dishes used by the patient in a metallic vessel containing 
 disinfecting water. Cover this vessel with a sheet wrung out of a disinfectant 
 and place outside the door of the isolated room. The vessel should be removed 
 by an outside party once in twenty-four hours to the kitchen stove and its con- 
 tents boiled for thirty minutes in the same vessel. Unused food should be 
 put into a covered pail and burned. All this is to be done by one outside 
 of the sick room. 
 
 Bed Linen, Towels, Etc. — These should be removed to the kitchen and 
 boiled in the disinfecting water in which they were carried there or they 
 should be carried to the kitchen in a sheet wet with a disinfectant fluid and 
 put into a boiler and boiled for one-half hour. 
 
 Urine and Feces. — These should be received in a vessel containing a 
 disinfectant such as carbolic acid or copperas, 1 part to 30 parts water. 
 After the vessel has been used add a quantity of the disinfecting fluid equal 
 to the discharges, mix the two thoroughly, cover and set aside for one-half 
 hour and then empty into the closet. Also keep a copperas disinfectant in 
 the bed pan when not in use. Rinse in hot water before using and then 
 put in necessary solution. 
 
 Spitting Cups and Gauze Handkerchiefs. — In these diseases spitting cups 
 should be used. Nose discharges should be caught in gauze and burned 
 immediately in diphtheria cases or they should be thrown into a covered 
 cup containing a disinfectant and soon burned. 
 
 GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR NURSING VARIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 The Giving of Medicines. — Medicines should always be given regularly 
 unless the patient is in a refreshing sleep. Use clean glasses and spoons. 
 Cover the glasses and keep in a cool place away from patient. Never cover 
 w^th newspaper and never use the same spoonfor two different medicines. 
 
 Feeding. — This is an important part in the treatment of disease. 
 Usually the best food is milk and white of eggs or foods made with them. 
 In diseases of the stomach, liver, bowels, kidneys and bladder the food is 
 of supreme importance. No case of typhoid fever can be treated intelligently 
 without paying particular attention to the diet. Better eat too little than too 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 17 
 
 much. Good pure milk is usually safe when given often and in small quan- 
 tities. Then there are the food formulas, soups, gruels, teas, etc., some of 
 which may be used. 
 
 Inflammations. — There is inflammation in injuries and in inflammatory 
 diseases like sore throat, appendicitis, inflammatory rheumatism, pneumonia, 
 etc. Hot water bags are helpful when applied to the afflicted parts for ear 
 and throat troubles, pleurisy, cramps, etc. They are also frequently good 
 in neuritis and sciatica. Hot water applications are sometimes good for 
 appendicitis but in this disease ice is generally better. Poultices are of many 
 kinds and are often used. The hot water bag frequently takes their place. 
 Bread and milk, mustard and flaxseed are used mostly. Rubber ice bags 
 are frequently used in appendicitis and brain troubles such as congestion and 
 sunstroke. 
 
 Antiphlogistine and other preparations of this kind are now frequently 
 used in inflammatory troubles such as pneumonia, rheumatism, etc. They 
 are frequently of value. 
 
 How and When to Make a Person Sweat. — The first thing to do in colds, 
 inflammation, sore throat, quinsy, tonsilitis, bronchitis, laryngitis, pleurisy, 
 pneumonia, grip, congestion of the lungs, lumbago or sciatica, is to cause 
 sweating either with medicines, teas or external means. In promoting sweat- 
 ing you equalize the circulation and relieve the congestion. Internally, teas 
 such as ginger, boneset, horehound, crawleyroot, Virginia snake-root, sage, 
 elder blossom, dwarf elder, blessed thistle, spruce pine, flaxseed, catnip or slip- 
 pery elm are good. Hot lemonade will also cause one to sweat freely. While 
 taking hot drinks a hot mustard foot bath will help. Directions for making 
 these teas will be found elsewhere in tlje book. Externally, apply heat and 
 moisture from bottles of hot water or a hot water bag. Hot fomentations are 
 also good. 
 
 Corn Sweat. — One of the best ways of causing profuse sweating is by 
 the aid of ears of corn and is known as the " corn sweat." Put 20 ears of 
 corn into a boiler of hot water, boil thoroughly for half an hour or until the 
 boiled-corn smell is noticed ; then take them out and wrap in five large towels 
 using four ears for each towel. Put an ear in the end of a towel, give one or 
 two wraps to cover it then put in another ear in the same way till you have 
 a pack of four ears. Make the other four packs in the same way. Put one 
 pack at the feet, two at the hips (one on each side) and one under each arm 
 and then cover the patient up to the neck and stay by the bed and hold the 
 covers there if necessary. In a short time the patient will feel uncomfortable 
 from the heat but soon there will be moisture and comfort. This sweat is not 
 especially debilitating. The patient will sweat for a few hours and then the 
 sweating will gradually decrease when you should quickly give a warm 
 sponge bath over the entire body. Be careful not to let the patient take cold. 
 Put a new night dress on the patient and well-aired bedding on the bed. 
 If given in time the corn sweat will break up many diseases. It is also good 
 in diseases where the system has become clogged. It must then be given 
 carefully or it will weaken the patient. In such cases give stimulants. 
 
 In giving the full sweat the packs of corn are not to be taken away 
 
 while they are still hot but are to be allowed to cool gradually and then they 
 
 may be t-aken away without stopping the sweating too suddenly. Should 
 
 the full sweat not be desired you can first take the packs from under the 
 
 a 
 
18 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 arms and after awhile from the 'hips and then later from the feet. In this 
 way the sweating is not checked suddenly. 
 
 Bronchitis or Croup Tent. — This is made by throwing over the bed a 
 large sheet which is held several feet above the patient by means of four 
 broomsticks or poles which are tied, one to each corner of the bed. You 
 can decorate this tent and make it attractive for the child if you wish. 
 Into this tent, at the foot of the bed, may be discharged a small quantity 
 of steam such as is given off from an ordinary kettle of water which is 
 kept constantly boiling. This is very good for sore throat, quinsy, croup, 
 bronchitis, asthma, whooping cough, etc. 
 
 Appendicitis, Peritonitis and Other Pains in the Abdomen. — The ice bag 
 is frequently used for appendicitis. Sometimes hot cloths relieve the pain. 
 The covers should not rest upon the patient with inflammations in this re- 
 gion. Have barrel hoops sawed in two and make a frame to support the bed- 
 ding. Especially in peritonitis does the bedding hurt the patient. Patients 
 must be kept quiet and must pass urine and feces in a bed pan. The food 
 must be liquid and small in quantity. Water is generally allowed. Pain 
 in the bowels when not caused by disease is frequently relieved by rubbing 
 and massaging. Rub on sweet oil or apply cloths wrung out of hot water 
 with a little turpentine in it. Gas colic is frequently relieved in this way. 
 Gas in the stomach is relieved by simple remedies such as soda, ginger, 
 peppermint, hot water, catnip tea and hot, brandy or whisky. Enemas are 
 also good. 
 
 Bronchitis, Pleurisy and Pneumonia. — The temperature and ventilation of 
 the room should be carefully looked after. Do not cover too thickly; just 
 enough to keep the patient warm. If poultices are used see that they are warm 
 and moist. Do not wet the patient with them. They can be kept in place with 
 adhesive plaster. Do little talking in such cases as it is usually hard enough 
 for the patient to breathe. Keep visitors, especially gloomy ones, out of the 
 room. Aid in raising the patient when he coug^hs and wipe the mucus from 
 his lips. Give the food as regularly as the medicine. Tell the doctor all the 
 bad and all the good symptoms occurring between his visits but do not tell 
 the bad .symptoms to or before the patient. Keep a cheerful countenance and 
 do not scold if patients are troublesome and cross. Remember they are 
 suffering. Have the patient pass urine at least four times a day, and use 
 the bed pan at such times. 
 
 Camphor and lard are frequently rubbed on the chest of children with 
 lung and bronchial troubles and a cotton jacket is often worn. When poul- 
 tices are taken off cover the parts with warm dry flannels. Ice bags must 
 be carefully used as some people cannot stand them. In these diseases you 
 cannot work by set rules but must meet the emergencies as they arise. 
 
 Sore Throat. — Apply cold applications to the throat or tonsils at the be- 
 ginning and perhaps^ hot ones later. The application of fat salted pork is 
 also good. Make a gargle of some simple remedy like salt, sage, vinegar, 
 pepper or hot water. Always keep the mouth and teeth clean. Take plenty 
 of good cold water ; a little at a time but frequently. 
 
 Lumbago, Sciatica and Inflammatory Rheumatism. — In these diseases 
 quiet is necessary. Applications oE moist heat are frequently helpful. Mus- 
 tard plasters or a fly blister along the region of the sciatic nerve are good 
 in some cases. A person with inflammatory rheumatism needs lots of pare 
 tor the pain is very great. Sometimes the pain in the joints is eased by bath- 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 19 
 
 ing with hot applications and in other cases the joints need to be covered 
 wi^h cotton. The arrangement of pillows to the comfort of a rheumatic 
 patient is an art that should and with practice and patience can be learned 
 by all. If you have no patience you had better not nurse such a case. 
 
 Nervous Prostration and Hysteria. — What has been said above regardin^f 
 patience applies also in case of nervous prostration. Very few nurses are of 
 much good in these cases because they do not sympathize with the patient 
 who is in terrible distress. Things which are unreal to a person in health 
 are real to the patient and such a patient needs lots of encouragement con- 
 stantly and in ever increasing doses. Encouragement and rest with a little 
 medicine and proper food will effect a cure. Nurses must also remember 
 that hysteria is a disease and not a whim to be sneezed at. No nurse should 
 make fun of a patient. 
 
 Dysentery and Diarrhea. — In these cases it is a good thing to give some- 
 thing at the beginning to move the bowels. Castor oil, salts or spiced syrup 
 of rhubarb are good. In these diseases there is generally irritating material 
 in the bowels and by giving a laxative you will get rid of it and frequently 
 stop the bowel trouble. A 14 grain tablet of calomel every hour until the 
 bowels move freely is also good but either castor oil or salts is almost always 
 at hand. 
 
 Measles. — Special care should be taken of the eyes for they are weak and 
 reading or too much light will ruin them. The patient should remain in a 
 darkened room and should not use the eyes much until sometime after he 
 has recovered from the disease. Do not take cold. Sweating can be pro- 
 duced by drinking hot teas or hot water and even by drinking cold water 
 frequently and in small quantities. 
 
 Scarlet Fever. — Always keep the patient warm and comfortable and put 
 even the lightest case to bed. Be careful not to let the patient take cold or the 
 kidneys will become diseased. Deafness is often the result of scarlet fever. 
 Above all things do not let the patient take cold. 
 
 Typhoid Fever. — In this disease any good nurse can do much good. It is a 
 long continued disease. There should be regular feeding and attention paid 
 to the cleanliness of the patient, to the stools, urine and sputum. The body 
 must be sponged when necessary. The patient must be kept quiet in bed; 
 the arranging and re-arranging of the bed clothes and pillows must be care- 
 fully attended to. In typhoid the patient must never get up to stool or for 
 any other purpose. The intestines are very thin, ulcerated and sore and 
 may easily be ruptured or perforated. 
 
 Headache and Neuralgia. — For these a sensible nurse can do a great deal 
 of good. A mustard plaster on the back of the neck relieves a great many 
 headaches and neuralgias. Hot or cold cloths, dry or wet, are good in many 
 cases. The hot water bottle may be applied to the back of the neck for 
 congestive headaches. The ice bag on top of the head is good for conges- 
 tive headaches and for brain diseases. Rubbing the head, forehead, temples 
 and the back of the neck often helps and produces sleep. Rubbing with 
 camphor or ammonia water is good in some cases. All should be done very 
 gently, quietly and sympathetically and usually in a shaded quiet room. 
 
 Earache. — Hot dry applications such as a hot salt bag, or hot moist 
 applications such as hops and vinegar are excellent. Use a bread and milk 
 poultice with a little laudanum in it for adults. The hot water bottle is 
 good and hot bran will be found effective when applied either dry or moist. 
 
so PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 CARE OF BODY AFTER DEATH. 
 
 As soon as the patient has stopped breathing and death is certain, 
 straighten the limbs and place the arms by the side or across the chest as de- 
 sired. Close the eyelids and keep them closed either with your fingers or by 
 placing something upon them. If false teeth have been worn they should 
 be placed in the mouth soon after death before the jaws have set. Then 
 close the mouth and tie a handkerchief under the jaw after first putting 
 a pad under the jaw. Tie the handkerchief on top of the head, tight 
 enough to make the mouth close and look natural. Comb and, if a 
 woman, braid the hair; also wash and dress the body if so desired and 
 at the same time change the bed linen. Tie knees and ankles together with 
 a broad bandage. You can also bind the hands in place if necessary. Make 
 the body look natural and comfortable and cover with a sheet. If the bodj 
 is dean I never could see the use of washing it after death. It seems a 
 needless exposure and an unnecessary annoyance to the relatives. Call an 
 undertaker but do not let him use an injection until death is an absolute 
 certainty. If you are not certain of dea-th keep the body until signs of 
 decay are seen before you allow any injection or preparation to be used. 
 Not many people have been buried alive but some have been, so keep your 
 friends till death is certain. Displacement of the body or extremities some- 
 times occurs after burial. This is generally due to a sudden contraction of 
 the muscles. It does not 6ften occur but such cases are on record. That, 
 person was dead but simply had an "after death " contraction. I always 
 advise the undertaker to delay as long as possible before preparing the body 
 and in cold weather I can see no necessity for using any preparation on the 
 body. 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 
 " What to Do " and "What Not to Do." 
 
 APOPLEXY. — (See General Treatment.) Place patient in lying position 
 with head higher than body, loosen clothing and apply cold water to head. 
 Put feet in hot mustard water. If tongue draws back put towel or hand- 
 kerchief over it and keep it forward. Keep bowels open and draw urine if 
 necessary. Patient must remain quiet. 
 
 ASPHYXIA OR SUFFOCATION.— Use artificial respiration as for 
 drowning. (See " Drowning.") 
 
 BANDAGING.— (See Chapter Following.) 
 
 BITES OF SNAKES. — If on a limb tie a rope or handkerchief around the 
 limb just above the wound. Cleanse the wound at once. Suck the wound ; if 
 the poison is swallowed accidentally it is not very dangerous. Cut the wound 
 open so the blood will flow freely then fill it with salt ; or, if you have it, use 
 permanganate of potash. Give full doses of this drug hypodermically about 
 the wound. It should be diluted three-fourths with water and should be fol- 
 lowed with full doses of brandy or whisky. Tie tight above wound with 
 ligature and open wound thoroughly. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Plantain Leaves. — Suck out the poison and after cutting the wound 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 31 
 
 open apply bruised plantain leaves and give a teaspoonful of the juice from 
 the bruised leaves every hour. 
 
 2. Baking Soda. — Cut open the wound, suck out the poison and apply 
 moistened baking soda. Keep the parts wet for several hours. 
 
 3. Lime. — Mix two tablespoonfuls of chloride of lime with one-half pint 
 of water. Bathe the wound promptly and freely. 
 
 4. Turpentine. — Turn a bottle of turpentine upside down over the 
 snake bite and hold it there until relief is obtained. 
 
 5. Chicken Entrails. — Kill a chicken and while warm cut open and lay 
 upon wound, entrails and all, and it will draw out the poison. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This draws well. It had better be applied after 
 the wound has been sucked and cauterized. 
 
 6. Tobacco and Salt. — Moisten some tobacco and salt and tie on wound 
 as a poultice. 
 
 7. Onions and Salt. — Apply a poultice of onions and salt. 
 
 8. Salt and Lamp Oil.^-Apply table salt and lamp oil. 
 Note. — Use the above after sucking and cauterizing. 
 
 9. Sucking. — Suck the wound. 
 
 BITES OF RATTLE-SNAKES.— Cleanse and suck the wound and use 
 permanganate of potash as directed imder " Snake Bites " above. Cauterize 
 by applying a red hot iron. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Salt. — Apply salt at once. 
 
 2. Soda and Salt. — Bandage above the wound, rub the swelling down- 
 ward, poultice with soda and alternately keep the wound in fresh soda and 
 salt water, changing frequently. This receipt is from a person who has had 
 experience. 
 
 BITES AND STINGS OF INSECTS.— For stings of hornets or bees pull 
 out the sting and apply peroxide of hydrogen. Vinegar either pure or di- 
 luted is good. Apply a mud poultice made of clay. For mosquito bites apply 
 phenol, one part, mixed with water from 50 to 100 parts. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Witch Hazel. — Freely applied this gives quick relief in cases of 
 bites or stings of mosquitoes, spiders, snakes, bees or wasps. 
 
 3. Ammonia or Salt. — For bites and stings of insects bathe the parts 
 frequently with either ammonia water or salt and water. 
 
 Physician's Note. — Ammonia destroys the local poison by blistering the 
 part, thus drawing out the fluid poison. 
 
 3. Olive Oil. — Apply olive oil to the parts. 
 
 4. Clay. — Wet clay earth or black mud applied to bites and stings is 
 one of the best remedies and one that is easily obtained. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — I know this to be good. There is sometimes dan- 
 ger of infection but often other remedies are not at hand. 
 
 5. Arnica. — Tincture of arnica is an old and tried remedy. 
 
 6. Plantain Leaves. — In case of a bad bite or sting of an insect or a 
 snake apply a poultice made of common plantain leaves. This is one of the 
 very best remedies and one does not generally have to look far to find plan- 
 tain as all are aware who have tried to keep it out of the lawns and gardens. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Plantain has quite an^ action on the skin. It is 
 
22 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 also good for ivy poisoning, burns, scalds and bruises. Pound the fresh 
 leaves to a paste and apply. 
 
 7. Catnip and Plantain. — Another lady writes that for bites and stings 
 of all kinds of insects she applies bruised catnip and plantain leaves to the 
 parts and gives a teaspoonful of the juice of the plantain every hour. 
 
 8. Salt and Soda. — Table salt and baking soda, in equal parts, applied 
 to spider bites will relieve the pain and stop the swelling. 
 
 ' Physician's Remark. — Salt draws and soda soothes. 
 
 9. Onion. — For bites and stings apply a piece of raw onion to the 
 woitnd. Change the piece of onion every ten minutes and relief will soon 
 be obtained. One physician says he uses no other remedy. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Raw onion is irritating and stimulating to the 
 skin and causes the skin to discharge a fluid thus ridding the part of the 
 local poison. Keep on for three or four hours. . 
 
 10. Baking Soda. — Apply baking soda to the afifected parts for stings. 
 
 11. Clay. — For stings apply a poultice of clay. 
 
 13. Coal Oil. — In case of stings apply coal oil freely. 
 
 BITES OF DOGS.— See article on "Hydrophobia" in general depart- 
 ment. 
 
 BITES FROM CATS.— See " Hydrophobia." 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. For bites from cats bathe the parts bitten with extract of witch hazel * 
 or if badly bitten wet cotton cloth in the same and bind on and keep parts 
 wet. I have found witch hazel will kill all such poison. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Better kill the cat. 
 
 BLEEDING OR HEMORRHAGE.— (For Bleeding from Nose see 
 " Nose Bleed.") Apply alum locally. Eat cinnamon for uterine hemorrhage 
 of the oozing kind or use tannic acid diluted or white oak bark +ca. locally as a 
 douche. Common salt is good for light bleeding. If the bleeding is from an 
 artery and comes in spurts tie a rope or handkerchief around the limb between 
 the wound and heart. Put a stick under the rope or handkerchief and twist 
 tight. If the bleeding is from veins put the rope or handkerchief on the 
 side of the wound farthest from the heart. If a finger is cut tie a cord about 
 it tightly above the wound and press on the artery with the fingers. In 
 severe bleeding place the patient flat on the ground and have him smell of 
 camphor or ammonia. If the hemorrhage is from the lungs the blood will be 
 a bright red and be mixed with air and consequently frothy. If the blood is 
 from the stomach it is more likely to be of a dark color. In either case have 
 the patient lie flat and remain quiet. Give strong salt water and give the 
 patient ice in the mouth. If the bleeding is from the stomach apply cloths 
 wrung out of cold water to the stomach. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Vinegar. — For bleeding from the stomach give two teaspoonfuls of 
 vinegar or a little cold water every half hour. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Vinegar is slightly astringent. 
 
 2. Lemon Juice. — To stop bleeding from the stomach an excellent 
 remedy is two teaspoonfuls of lemon juice in some cold water. Repeat this 
 every half hour until the bleeding stops. 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 2^ 
 
 3. Ice. — Give the patient a little cracked ice until the bleeding from 
 the stomach is controlled. 
 
 4 Sage and Honey. — To stop vomiting of . blood give three teaspoon- 
 fuls of sage juice mixed with a little honey. Repeat in fifteen minutes if 
 necessary. 
 
 5. Salt. — Small quantities of salt will stop bleeding from the stomach 
 or lungs. A teaspoonful or two is generally sufficient. 
 
 6. Alum. — Pulverized alum dissolved in water is good for bleeding 
 -from the stomach. 
 
 7. Cranesbill. — Powdered cranesbill applied to the parts and covered 
 with a compress of cotton is good for bleeding and for ulcers. 
 
 8. Flour and Salt.-7A mixture of fiOur and salt in equal parts bound 
 upon the cut will stop bleeding. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Salt is an astringent and therefore contracts the 
 blood vessels thus keeping the pj^rt from being congested or over crowded 
 with blood. In this way it stops bleeding and also helps to cure inflamed 
 «yes. 
 
 9. Black Tea. — Finely powdered black tea bound upon the cut is one of 
 the very best remedies used by many surgeons. Where a doctor is not at 
 hand many lives would be saved if this remedy were more generally known. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Tea is an astringent and also has a soothing effect. 
 
 10. Rosin. — Bind some finely powdered rosin upon the cut. This is a 
 very effective remedy. 
 
 11. Charcoal. — Take some charcoal made by burning ratjs, put it in the 
 wound and the bleeding will stop. If a person be away from home with no 
 aid at hand and the cut is severe he should not hesitate t6 burn a handker- 
 chief or even a part of his clothing. This treatment should be more gener- 
 ally known especially by those who are alone in the woods using axes. 
 
 12. Alum Water. — If the bleeding is from the cavity of an extracted 
 tooth pack the part with cotton wet in alum water. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Alum is an astringent and contracts the blood 
 vessels so that less blood goes to that part. 
 
 13. Cobwebs or Puff Balls. — Either cobwebs or puff balls v/ill stop 
 bleeding and should be used if nothing else is at hand though care should be 
 taken that they be not mixed with filth of any kind or poisoning might be 
 the result. 
 
 14. Wood Ashes. — Wood ashes bound upon the cut will stop bleeding. 
 It is also effective for a horse that has been cut in a barbed wire fence. 
 
 15. Brown Sugar. — If the cut is slight bind some brown sugar upon the 
 parts or apply wet brown paper. 
 
 16. Sole Leather. — Shave the flesh side of sole leather and bind upon 
 the cut. 
 
 17. Gunpowder. — Put some gunpowder on a piece of cotton batting and 
 bind upon the cut. 
 
 18. Copperas and Alum. — Styptic powder is composed of one ounce of 
 copperas and one ounce of alum. Each article should be pulverized and 
 mixed. Put on a shovel, burn to a red heat and then dry to a red mixture. 
 Pulverize finely and bottle for use. Sprinkle on the wound in the dry form. 
 There is nothing better. 
 
 19. Lamp Oil, — Pour some lamp oil upon the wound. 
 
Hi PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 BONES, BROKEN AND FRACTURED.— (See Chapter on " Bandag- 
 ing " which follov/s.) 
 
 BLISTERS AND BLOOD BLISTERS.— 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Warm Water. — Bathe the bhstered parts frequently in warm water. 
 This is much better than drawing a thread through them as many do. 
 
 2. Tallow. — Make a salve by dropping the tallow from a lighted candle 
 into a little gin. Apply this at night before going to bed if the blisters are on 
 the hands or feet. 
 
 3. Drilling Nail. — If the finger is bruised causing blood blister under 
 the nail it should at once be drilled with some sharp pointed instrument so as 
 to let the blood escape. This will give immediate relief while otherwise it 
 might become quite painful. 
 
 4. Sweet Oil, Beeswax and Turpentine. — To prevent the forming of a 
 blister apply immediately the following salve to the bruised parts. Take 
 equal parts of sweet oil, beeswax and turpentine; melt the wax and oil to- 
 gether and when pretty cool add the turpentine and stir until cold. Spread 
 on a cloth and apply. This is excellent for bruises or scalds. 
 
 5. Poultice of Cabbage Leaves. — An old remedy in use among the 
 Romans far blisters was a poultice of cabbage leaves. Put them into warm 
 water to soften and apply while warm. This remedy is still used by many 
 nurses in our large hospitals. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Cabbage leaves have a soothing effect somewhat 
 like lettuce. 
 
 BRUISES AND SLIGHT CUTS.— Apply arnica freely. Lead water di- 
 luted with four parts of water may be applied locally if the skin is not broken. 
 Another good application is laudanum, 1 part ; lead water, 4 parts and water, 
 16 parts. For severe bruises I always give arnica internally, in 5-drop doses 
 every three hours. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Witch Hazel. — Bathe the parts freely with witch hazel. 
 
 2. Arnica. — Take one part tincture of arnica and six parts water. Wet 
 a cloth with the liquid and apply over the bruise. 
 
 3. Mullein Leaves. — Fomentations of mullein leaves are excellent for 
 bruises and swellings on either man or beast. (Fomentations are explained 
 at beginning of Herb Department.) 
 
 4. Cranesbill. — ^An excellent thing for cuts or wounds where the skin 
 is rubbed off is cranesbill leaves bruised and applied to the parts. 
 
 5. Rosin.^You will find nothing better for a cut than powdered rosin. 
 Put a little on the injured part, wrap with a soft cloth and keep it wet with 
 water. 
 
 6. Alum Water. — " Cuts or bruises will quickly heal if bound up with 
 a cloth wet with alum, water," writes a lady from Minnesota. 
 
 7. Salt Pork. — If you have stepped on a nail bind a piece of the rind 
 of salt pork on the part and keep quiet till it heals. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — First put on a hot bread and milk poultice, change 
 frequently and keep on until the wound bleeds well then put on the salt pork. 
 
 8. Hot Water, — A treatment used extensively in hospitals is to dip 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT, 25 
 
 pieces of cotton batting into very hot water and apply to cuts, bruises and 
 sprains. 
 
 9. Cold Water. — Bathe the bruised parts thoroughly with cold water. 
 
 10. Chloroform Liniment for Bruises. — Mix one ounce of chloroform, 
 one ounce of ammonia, one ounce of laudanum and one ounce of sweet oil. 
 Bathe the parts well. To be shaken well before using. A lady in Bjethany, 
 W. Va. says she has used this chloroform liniment for years and always 
 with good results. 
 
 11. Smoking. — Take live coals, burn woolen cloths upon them with a 
 small pinch of sugar, hold bruised parts over the smoke. Will take all sore- 
 ness away. A lady living at Garrettsville, Ohio, says she has used this many 
 times with excellent results. 
 
 13. Sugar and Camphor. — Brown sugar and spirits of camphor tied on, 
 or a poultice of comfrey roots, will remove the blueness of a bruise. 
 
 13. Smartweed Poultice. — Steep some smartweed, thicken with wheat 
 flour and make into a poultice. A lady living at Independence, Iowa, says 
 her husband was very badly bruised in a run-away and that the application 
 of this smartweed tea made a new man of him. 
 
 14. Hot Water. — Another lady who speaks from experience says that 
 hot water is the best thing that can be used to heal a sprain or bruise. The 
 woimded part should be placed in water as hot as can be borne for 15 min- 
 utes and in all probability the pain will disappear. Hot water applied by 
 means of cloths is a sovereign remedy for neuralgia or pleurisy pains. 
 
 BURNS AND SCALDS.— Lime water with equal parts of either linseed 
 oil or olive oil is very good. For small burns washing soda is .good. The ap- 
 plication of either cold cream, vaseline or pineoline is also very good. If the 
 skin is not broken very much dust on some boric acid powder and then apply 
 either vaseline or pineoline. Pineoline is preferable. To make bees-wax oint- 
 ment take 6 ounces of benzoated lard, 1 ounce of yellow bees-wax and 20 grains 
 of salicylic acid. Melt the wax in a tin cup then add the lard. When all is 
 melted remove from the fire and stir till cold. Then add the salicylic acid 
 and continue stirring until cold. It makes a varnish over the burned parts 
 that excludes the air and sheds moisture. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 i. Wood Soot and Lard. — Apply wood-soot ointment which is made by 
 mixing an ounce of finely powdered wood-soot with four ounces of lard. It 
 should be spread on cotton batting and applied to burns, scald-head or other 
 diseases of the skin. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — ^This acts as a local sedative and quiets pain. 
 
 2. Lime Water and Linseed Oil. — Apply equal parts of lime water and 
 linseed oil to the burns or scalded parts and cover with raw cotton. If de- 
 sired, one part of carbolic acid may be added to fifty parts of the liquid. 
 Lime water alone is good. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This forms a covering thus keeping the air from 
 the burn. 
 
 3. Castile Soap. — A nice application for burns or scalds is castile soap 
 scraped and mixed with water till it makes a thick lather. Spread this thickly 
 on a piece of lihen or cotton cloth and apply to the burned surface. 
 
26 ' PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 4. Flour. — Flour sprinkled on the burn or raw cotton spread out thin 
 are good applications. 
 
 5. Baking Soda. — A fine thing for burns and scalds is two tablespoon- 
 fuls of baking soda dissolved in a pint of water. Wet cotton cloths in this 
 solution and apply to the parts. Keep wet and well wrapped up. 
 
 6. Alum Water. — Dissolve two ounces of alum in a pint of water. Sat- 
 urate cotton cloths in this alum water and apply to the burn. Keep well 
 wrapped up and the pain will soon be relieved and healing commenced. 
 
 ?'. Cosmoline. — Dress the burned or scalded parts with cosmoline and 
 cover with one thickness of cotton cloth; then, to keep out the air, wrap 
 the whole with absorbent cotton. A number of persons write telling of the 
 excellent results obtained from the use of this remedy. 
 
 8. White of Egg. — Perhaps the most soothing application for burns or 
 scalds is the white of an egg It thoroughly excludes the air and stops the 
 smarting pain and is always at hand for immediate use. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This will be found to be an excellent application 
 for burns and scalds. 
 
 9. Alum, Lard and Eggs. — Add a dram of finely powdered alum to a 
 teacupful of lard or vaseline and mix thoroughly with the whites of two 
 eggs. Spread on a cloth and apply. This is especially valuable where the 
 skin has been burned from a large surface. It prevents inflammation and 
 gives almost instant relief. 
 
 10. Charcoal. — Finely powdered charcoal is excellent when applied to 
 burns. 
 
 11. Scraped Potato. — A poultice of scraped raw potatoes is a fine appli- 
 cation for burns or scalds. Powdered charcoal may be mixed with the potato 
 with excellent results. 
 
 12. Glycerine or Sweet Oil. — Apply either glycerine or sweet oil. 
 
 13. Alcohol. — For burns from carbolic acid apply alcohol. If apojied 
 immediately the acid will not even make the flesh red. 
 
 14. Olive Oil and Camphor Gum. — Take some olive, oil and put in all 
 the camphor gum it will cut. Pour a generous quantity upon the affected 
 parts and bind up in clean linen. Apply fresh every day. 
 
 15. White of Eggs and Lard. — Beat the white of eggs to a froth and 
 then beat in some fresh lard. Apply and bind up with clean linen. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — ^This forms a coating and keeps the air out. 
 
 16. Vaseline and Carbolic Acid. — Apply vaseline plentifully, cover with 
 absorbent cotton and then wrap with a cloth. For serious burns bathe twicf 
 a day by dipping a clean cloth into warm water with a little carbolic acid in 
 it but do not let the cloth touch the bum. Only let the water drip on the 
 wound and then apply the vaseline fresh, immediately after the bathing each 
 time, until well. It is a sure cure. 
 
 17. Gum Arabic and Carbolic Acid. — Take 1% ounces of gum arable, 4 
 or 5 drops of carbolic acid and 1 pint of rain water. Boil the water and put 
 the gum arable into it to dissolve and when cold add the carbolic acid. Apply 
 to burns and scalds. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This forms a good coating. The intent in treating 
 burns and scalds is to apply something soft to the part to exclude the air. 
 Oily, greasy substances are generally good and are generally at hand. Cream, 
 vaseline and lard are good. 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 27 
 
 18. Boracic Acid. — Apply powdered boracic acid dry to the parts. Keep 
 the parts dry with it all the time. Just for a small place on the hands 
 apply the white of an egg. It will hot- blister and keeps the air away. A 
 lady writes that her little girl fell on a stove and burned her face and hands 
 terribly. She applied the boracic acid as above and not even a scar was left. 
 
 19. Lard. — Spread lard on a clean cloth and bind on the affected parts. 
 The lard must not be salted. This is a simple and good remedy. The lard 
 should be spread on quite thick. 
 
 20. Flour and Sweet Oil. — Cover immediately with flour and then put 
 on sweet oil and bandage quickly. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is a good sensible remedy and is practical 
 for you nearly always have it at hand. 
 
 CHOKING. — For choking from a foreign body, such a^ food, slap hard on 
 the person's back between the shoulders. If it be a small child and cannot 
 otherwise be relieved take hold of the heels and turn it upside down and 
 shake a little. Put your finger in the throat, tickle and cause vomiting. Or 
 you can take the rubber tube from a syringe after the hard rubber part has 
 been taken ofif and put this tube down the throat. This will cause vomiting 
 or will push the object down the gullet and allow the person to breathe. Of 
 course if the object is in the windpipe you must not push it down. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. How to Treat for Choking. — Seize the patient by the heels, hold 
 him head downwards and strike sudden blows between tjie shoulders. This 
 treatment has saved many a child's life and every mother and nurse should 
 remember it in case of emergency where a doctor is not at hand. 
 
 2. Raw Egg. — Break an egg into a cup and let the patient swallow it 
 at a gulp. 
 
 3. Blowing into Ear.^A naval surgeon writes that any foreign body 
 which is lodged in the throat can be removed by blowing forcibly into the ear. 
 
 4. Pressing on Tongue. — Put the finger far back in the mouth and 
 press upon the back part of the tongue to cause vomiting. 
 
 5. Potato or Bread. — Have the patient swallow a large piece of potato 
 or bread. 
 
 6. Mustard Water. — Give an emetic such as mustard water. 
 
 CONVULSIONS OR SPASMS.— Keep the child perfectly quiet and put 
 ice or cold v/ater cloths on the head. Put feet in hot mustard water and wrap 
 entire body in towels which have been dipped in warm mustard water. Use 
 two heaping tablespoonfuls of mustard to a quart of warm water. If there 
 is undigested food in the child's stomach produce vomiting by tickling the 
 throat. Put the handle of a knife or fork in the child's mouth to prevent its 
 biting your finger or its own tongue. If there is anything in the bowels give 
 a large injection. If the convulsions continue till the face is very pale, the 
 pulse weak, the feet and hands cold and the nails and lips blue — then the 
 hot bath must be resorted to. Have the water at about 106 degrees or put 
 your arm in the water to the elbow. The water should then feel warm but 
 not uncomfortable. It is well to add half a cup of mustard to the bath. 
 Excepting the head put the child's entire body in the water. To prevent the 
 return of the convulsions give the following internally: one-half dram of 
 bromide of potash, 15 grains of chloral hydrate and 2 ounces of simple 
 
28 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 syrup. Mix and shake thoroughly and give a teaspoonful every hour While 
 the child is nervous or feverish. This dose is for a child a year old. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Warm Mustard Water. — If the convulsions are caused by over load- 
 ing the stomach, vomiting should be induced by giving warm water or 
 tickling the throat. If the convulsions axe slight perhaps all that will be 
 found necessary is to put the feet in warm mustard water. In case of severe 
 convulsions the following general treatment has saved hundreds of lives. 
 First put the child in a warm bath as soon as possible and while in the bath, 
 pour a steady stream of cold water upon its head but not from a great height. 
 Continue to pour while the head is hot or until the fit has passed. Keep 
 the child in the warm bath until the convulsions are over which is generally 
 from ten to twenty minutes. When taken from the bath wrap the child 
 immediately in a warm woolen blanket without even stopping to wipe him 
 off. Sometimes it will be found necessary to inject the bowels with warm 
 water to which has been added a tablespoonful- of sweet oil and a little of 
 the suds from castile soap. Repeat this till the bowels move. This treat- 
 ment is probably the very one your doctor would use were he called and in 
 an emergency can be used equally well by the parent. Therefore let this 
 treatment be adopted by every mother who values the life of her child. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This treatment is used by many physicians and 
 can be depended vipon. It draws the blood from the head to the extremities 
 and establishes a good general circulation. 
 
 2. Salt and Water. — Give a teaspoonful of salt and water and put the 
 feet and legs in hot water. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The salt is to cause vomiting. 
 
 3. Mustard Water. — As soon as the fit comes on dip some cloths into 
 hot mustard water and wrap the child's feet and the lower part of the limbs, 
 leaving the cloths on until the skin is quite red. 
 
 4. Hot Water and Salt. — The simplest way to bring a child out of a 
 spasm is to put its feet into Lot water and force a little salt water into its 
 mouth. 
 
 5. General Treatment. — Ice water to head and throat, hot water to 
 feet and wrists and as soon as possible put a mustard plaster or poultice to 
 the wrists and soles of the feet. Give an injection of warm soap suds and 
 also a mild laxative. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — When the head is too hot cold water will contract 
 the blood vessels and cause less blood to be carried there. Hot water to 
 feet and wrists causes the blood to flow better in the extremities. Mustard 
 aids by increasing the circulation of the skin. When the head and face are 
 red and congested the aim is to get the blood away from the head and 
 increase the circulation in other parts of the body. 
 
 6. Hot Bath.— As quickly as possible put the patient into as hot a 
 bath as he can stand. 
 
 7. Salt and Mustard Water. — Teaspoonful of salt put into bath of 
 warm mustard water. 
 
 CUTS. — (See " Bruises and Slight Cuts." For severe cuts see " Bleed- 
 ing.") 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 29 
 
 CRAMPS. — Externally apply belladonna liniment. Ginger tea is very 
 good for menstrual cramp. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Banda|;ing. — If the cramp occurs in the leg it can frequently be 
 relieved by tying a cord around the leg above the cramp. 
 
 2. Drawing up Foot. — To obtain relief from cramps in the calf of the 
 'eg draw^ the top of the foot up as closely as possible to the shin and hold 
 it there until the cramping has ceased. 
 
 .3. Red Pepper and Whisky. — Apply red pepper and whisky for cramps 
 in the neck or leg. 
 
 4. Tansy, Hops or Mustard. — ^Warm fomentations of tansy, hops, or 
 mustard will relieve cramps in the stomach. 
 
 5. Various Remedies. — For cramps in the limbs wear eel skin garters. 
 For cramps in stomach make a tea of merwine root and drink the same or 
 take 30 drops of Jamaica ginger diluted with water. 
 
 6. Rhubarb, Cayenne, Etc. — Take tincture of rhubarb, tincture of cay- 
 enne pepper, tincture of opium, spirits of camphor and essence of pepper- 
 mint; of each equal parts. For an adult give a teaspoonful at a dose every 
 half hour until four doses have been taken. 
 
 7. Hot Applications. — Apply hot applications. 
 
 8. Mustard Poultices. — Apply hot cloths. A mustard poultice is very 
 good in some cases. 
 
 DISLOCATIONS.— (See chapter on " Bandaging " following.) 
 
 DIZZINESS OR VERTIGO.— This is often due to stomach, liver or 
 bowel troubles and rarely to brain disease. Heart troubles, general weakness 
 and poorly fitting glasses are other causes. Vertigo frequently comes from 
 biliousness and constipation and is sometimes due to fermenting food in 
 the stomach and bowels. It is always a good plan to keep the bowels mov- 
 ing regularly one or twice a day. Eat less and do not eat food that disagrees 
 with you. Rich, greasy food is not good for persons suffering with vertigo. 
 (See " Fainting.") 
 
 DROWNING. — Remove all dirt, saliva, etc., from the mouth and, pulling 
 the tongue well forward, hold it there with forceps or by means of a cloth 
 passed around it and held by the hand. 
 
 Remove clothing, especially from the upper part of the body. 
 
 Place the patient on his stomach, stand straddle of him and lift him up 
 by putting your arms around the middle of his body and let his head hang 
 down so the water can run from the lungs out of the mouth. 
 
 Turn the patient on his back and place a roll of clothing under the small 
 of his back. Also place something under his shoulders and head. 
 
 Use artificial respiration. Stand or kneel above or at the head of the 
 patient, grasp the arms at the elbow and draw them steadily and slowly 
 upward above the head and keep them stretched for a couple of seconds. 
 Then bring the arms down to the sides again and press them firmly for 
 a couple of seconds against the sides of the chest. Repeat these movements 
 regularly from fifteen to twenty times a minute and persevere in them for an 
 hour or even two hours if necessary. An assistant should press on the lower 
 border of the ribs and pit of stomach while the arms are pressed against the 
 sides. Rub the limbs while this is being done. Dash hot and cold water alter- 
 
3d PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 nately upon the chest. If necessary, put in warm bath while artificial respira- 
 tion is still continued. 
 
 The clothes must be taken off, the tongue drawn out and the mouth 
 cleaned quickly and artificial respiration commenced as soon as possible. 
 After breathing has been established put the patient into a warm bed in a 
 room which is kept well ventilated. For nourishment and as a stimulant 
 inject the bowels with brandy and beef tea. Do not let bystanders crowd 
 about the patient and keep the air from him. 
 
 EAR, THINGS IN. — Insects sometimes get into the ear. Pour water as 
 hot as it can be borne into the ear and hold it there for a few minutes. 
 Then turn the head and let the water run into a basin so that you can see 
 whether or not the insect comes out. If foreign bodies are in the ear you 
 can use an ear spoon but it must be used gently. A crochet hook or a small 
 hair pin properly bent may also be used. Do not use force for the ear is 
 very easily injured. If you cannot get the body out easily you should see 
 a doctor. 
 
 EPILEPSY.— (See " Fits.") 
 
 EYE, THINGS IN.— If under the lower lid pull the lid down and wipe the 
 object off with a smooth cloth. If under the upper lid put the first finger 
 of your left hand in the center of the lid about half an inch from the edge 
 and take hold of the eye winkers with two fingers of the other hand. Pull 
 down and then up over the finger of the left hand thus exposing the inner 
 surface of the lid so that the object may be wiped off. The patient should 
 look at the end of hia nose while this is being done. A flaxseed placed in the 
 eye will frequently push the object from under the lid. Another way is te 
 pull the lid down with the fingers and then blow the nose violently. If 
 some foreign object like a piece of steel is lodged in the ball of the eye a 
 doctor will be required to remove it. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Removing with Pencil. — Roll the lid upward over a lead pencil then 
 draw the pencil backward and forward several times. This seldom fails 
 to remove the foreign body. 
 
 2. Blowing Nose. — With the thumb and finger keep the eye op^n 
 while blowing the nose vigorously. 
 
 3. Flaxseed. — One grain of flaxseed put in the eye. 
 
 4. Treatment For. — Shut the eye and take hold of the upper lid by the 
 lashes, roll the eye around and pull the upper lid down over the lower one 
 and let go. 
 
 5. Immersing in Water, — To remove dirt from the eye immerse it in 
 cold water and while thus immersed roll and wink the eye till the dirt is 
 worked out. 
 
 6. Olive Oil. — ^A celebrated eye specialist of Holland says there is 
 nothing better to remove specks, dirt or lime from the eyes than to pour 
 olive oil into them till all hurtful substances ^re washed out. This, he says, 
 is painless and seldom fails. 
 
 7. Camel's Hair Brush. — Cinders and dust may be removed by wetting 
 a small camel's hair brush in water then raising the lid and passing the brush 
 over the eyeball. 
 
 FAINTING.— Do not get rattled. Place the patient flat on the back; 
 loosen clothing; give plenty of air; sprinkle water on the face; put camphor^ 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 31 
 
 ammonia or smelling salts to the nose ; rub the hands and feet and give 
 brandy or whiskey. Generally the head should be placed low. Do not allow 
 a crowd to gather and shut oflf the air from the patient. The head and face 
 may be bathed with camphor or cool water. Have the patient remain lying 
 down until the faint feeling is entirely gone. If the fainting is caused by 
 some disease stimulants should be given. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia. — Give half a teaspoonful of aromatic 
 spirits of ammonia in a wineglassful of water and you will revive the patient. 
 
 2. General Treatment. — Lay the patient upon his back and admit plenty 
 of fresh air. The face should be sprinkled with cold water and the arms and 
 legs should be rubbed. Hold spirits of ammonia, camphor or vinegar to the 
 nostrils. As soon as the patient can swallow give a teaspoonful of compound 
 spirits of lavender. 
 
 FALLS. — Immediately after a bad fall do not allow the patient to lie down 
 and sleep as there is danger of the blood clotting in the brain and causing 
 death. Keep the patient awake. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Salt Water. — To' revive a person who seems stupid from a fall give 
 him salt water to drink. Use a teaspoonful of salt to a pint of water. 
 
 FIRE. — (See " Burns and Scalds.") If your clothing is on fire do not 
 run, as this will but fan the fire. Throw a garment such as a shawl, rug, over- 
 coat or piece of carpet around the body and then lie down and roll. This 
 smothers out the flames. Always keep your mouth closed or you will be 
 burned internally. Tut soda and sweet oil, linseed oil or some kind of grease 
 on the wounds until care can be given them. 
 
 FITS, FALLING FITS OR EPILEPSY.— (For symptoms see General 
 Diseases.) Bromide of potassium is the remedy to be used and should be con- 
 tinued for months and years and should be kept up for three years after the 
 patient is seemingly cured. This should be administered under the super- 
 vision of a doctor. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REM:EDIES.— 
 
 1. Oxide of Zinc.: — A physician who has been very successful in cur- 
 ing epilepsy uses oxide of zinc. It should be taken three times a day. The 
 first eight days the dose is % grain. Then take 1 grain doses for the next 
 eight days. Then use 1% grains till cured. The dose seldom has to be in- 
 creased over 1% grains. It is well while under this treatment to rub the 
 spine twice a day with stramonium ointment. 
 
 FRACTURES.— (See chapter on " Bandaging " which follows.) 
 FREEZING, FROST BITES.— 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Rubbing with Snow, Witch Hazel, Etc. — If one has been frozen keep 
 him away from the fire and thaw out the parts slowly. First rub them with 
 snow, then flannel and lastly with the hands, then bathe the parts frequently 
 with witch hazel. 
 
 2. Alum Water. — Immerse the frozen parts for ten or fifteen minutes 
 in alum water. Use from one-fourth to one-half pound of alum to a gallon 
 of water. (See " Chilblains," under " Skin Diseases.") 
 
33 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 HEART TROUBLES.— 
 
 Palpitation. — If a person has palpitation after too hearty eating and 
 the stomach seems full, it is difficult to breathe, heart goes too hard and fast 
 and the patient feels almost suffocated but has no valvular heart disease; 
 give a teaspoonful of soda in hot water or peppermint water or hot whiskey 
 or brandy. These will relieve the person by causing the gas to come up. 
 iThe last two can be used in heart trouble. 
 
 Fast Heart. — If any one afflicted with heart trouble has palpitation, the 
 heart beats fast, full and hard and throbs terribly causing hard and labored 
 breathing on account of the lungs being pumped so full of blood, do not smell 
 o^ camphor, ammonia or nitrite of amyl because they would make the heart 
 beat faster still. Such patients are usually sitting or lying propped vtp in 
 bed. Give tincture of digitalis, five drops in a little water in a spoon. Put 
 this carefully and slowly into the mouth. Give another dose in ten minutes 
 and another in half an hour, if necessary, then every three to four hours for 
 twelve hours. 
 
 Weak Heart. — If there is a slow heart from overdoing or in asthma, 
 grip, etc., have the patient inhale nitrite of amyl, camphor or ammonia and 
 give whiskey or brandy and then if you have them give digitalis or strychnia. 
 In this condition the patient is unable to sit up ; perhaps lies partly uncon- 
 scious ; is faint, weak and collapsed ; perhaps has a cold sweat and the pulse, 
 which may be fast or slow, is weak and hardly perceptible. If you have 
 nitrite of amyl capsules break one containing three to five minims on a cloth, 
 and have the patient inhale it for a few minutes. Or have him inhale camphor 
 or ammonia. At the same time give whiskey or brandy and watch the 
 effects. Do not over-stimulate. The best, surest and most lasting in its 
 effects is the digitalis or strychnia. If the strychnia is used give one dose, 
 1/60 of a grain, and in half an hour give another dose but never more 
 than two doses. This can be given at the same time with the whiskey, 
 brandy or digitalis. Digitalis, with or without one dose of strychnia, in 
 such a condition and from the causes mentioned, gives the best and most per- 
 manent relief. Give five drops at a dose. If nothing else has been given re- 
 peat the dose in ten minutes. If something else like the above or strychnia 
 has been given do not repeat the dose in less than an hour and stop the others. 
 Repeat again, if necessary, in an hour or two. (See " Diseases of the Heart " 
 in regular department.) 
 
 HEAT STROKE OR SUNSTROKE.— (For symptoms, etc., see regular 
 department.) The treatment must be bold and vigorous. If the temperature 
 is too high it may be reduced by applying ice or cold water. Strip the patient, 
 lay him on a canvas cot if one is handy and then direct a stream of cold water 
 upon his body. Rub actively and vigorously at the same time. This brings 
 the blood to the surface and relieves the internal organs and the head. Rub 
 thoroughly and at the same time constantly apply ice or cold water to 
 the head. In other cases the patient may be put in a tub and the above di- 
 rections followed. When the temperature falls see that it does not fall 
 too rapidly. Bleed the patient if he is robust and there is evidence of 
 venous engorgement or too much blood in the veins. Then follow with 
 normal salt injection. If constipated give citrate of magnesia in 4 dram 
 doses. If the patient is unconscious give a hypodermic of 1/6 grain of eJater- 
 ium for the bowels. Give strychnine if necessary to stimulate. Give no al- 
 cohol and have patient remain in bed several days. 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT, 33 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Essence of Ginger. — Put the patient in a sitting position* and pour 
 cold water freely upon the head. Into half a tumbler of water pour two 
 or three teaspoonfuls of essence of ginger and have the patient drink it 
 quickly. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE.— (See Bleeding.) 
 
 HICCOUGH. — This is caused by a spasmodic contraction of the dia- 
 phragm by which the air is suddenly drawn in. Give a 1 dram dose of tincture 
 of musk or give ten drops of chloroform internally. Another remedy is com- 
 posed of spirits of camphor, 1 teaspoonful; tincture of capsicum, 3 to 3 
 drops; oil of amber, 5 to 10 drops; tincture of valerian, 1 teaspoonful. The 
 whole is to be taken at a dose and repeated if necessary. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Nitre. — Drink from 3 to 5 grains of nitre dissolved in half a tumbler 
 of water. 
 
 2. Chewing. — Press the fingers tightly into the ears and chew as though 
 you were eating food. This is an old and tried remedy. 
 
 3. Vinegar and Sugar. — Drink several swallows of well-sweetened vine- 
 gar or eat a lump of sugar that has been thoroughly saturated with vinegar. 
 
 4. Lemon Juice and Sugar. — Drink freely of lemon juice mixed with 
 sugar. 
 
 5. Mustard, Ginger or Soda. — Drink frequently of hot water containing 
 mustard, ginger or soda. 
 
 6. Drinking Through Towel. — Put a clean towel over a glass of water 
 and drink water through the towel. This takes the mind from the hic- 
 coughing. 
 
 7. Drinking Water. — Drink nine or ten small swallows of water with- 
 out breathing. 
 
 8. Placing Fingers Together. — Without leaning on anything, see how 
 nearly together you can keep the ends of the small fingers, being very careful 
 never to allow them to touch. This concentrates the mind and seldom fails 
 to effect a cure. 
 
 9. Swallowing. — Take a drink of cold water or eat a piece of dry bread 
 or something to cause swallowing. 
 
 10. Baking Soda. — Give a half teaspoonful of common baking soda dis- 
 solved in a little water. 
 
 11. Startling. — Scare or surprise a person with hiccoughs. Speaking 
 suddenly to them often startles them and cures the hiccoughs. Do not 
 adopt this method with a person who has heart trouble. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — A number of the above remedies perhaps have 
 no real medical value but they concentrate the mind of the patient upon 
 something besides the hiccough and thus effect a cure. 
 
 HYDROPHOBIA.— (See this subject under Infectious Diseases.) 
 NOSE, BLEEDING FROM.— (Epistaxis.) Usually, bleeding from the 
 nose will stop itself. Hold the arms above the head. Apply ice or cold water 
 to the nose and to the back of the neck. Inject either hot or cold water 
 into the nostrils. Either alum or tannic acid is good when dissolved in 
 water or snuffed up the nostrils or applied with a clotli. Hold the nostril 
 shut with the finger and apply something cold to the head and neck. Snuff 
 salt water. If the bleeding continues the doctor will plug the opening be 
 
34 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. / 
 
 tween the nose and the throat or will plug the nostrils with cotton saturated 
 with a solution of adrenalin, 1 part to 2000 of water, or with a strong solu- 
 tion of cranesbill. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Pressing on Lip. — Press hard on the upper lip near the nose or 
 press hard on the under part of jaw near the angle of the jaw bone. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — There is a large artery in the upper lip near the 
 nose and another runs up over the jaw bone near the angle. Pressure on 
 these parts checks the bleeding from the nose by. shutting off the supply of 
 blood. 
 
 2. Pressing on Nose. — Nose bleed can sometimes be stopped by pressure 
 on the upper part of the nose as this closes some of the blood vessels. 
 
 3. Dried Beef. — Insert grated dried beef up the nostrils. 
 Physician's Remark. — This not only acts as a plug but the salt in the 
 
 dried beef aids in contracting the blood vessels. 
 
 4. Cold Packs. — Apply cold packs to the nose, forehead and to the back 
 part of the head and neck. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Cold contracts the blood vessels in this region 
 and lessens the flow of blood to these parts. 
 
 ■ 5. Raising Hands. — Hold the hands above the head. 
 
 6. Alum or Salt Water. — Saturate some lint or cotton in alum or salt 
 water and insert up the nostrils as far as possible or snuff up some powdered 
 alum. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Salt and alum are astringents and help close the 
 blood vessels. 
 
 t. Witch Hazel. — ^Witch hazel bark inserted in the nostrils will stop 
 bleeding. 
 
 8. Powdered Borax.' — Snuff some powdered borax up the nose and at 
 the same time pour cold water over the wrists and back of the neck. 
 
 9. Nettle Juice. — ^Juice from the common nettle has stopped nose bleed 
 when everything else failed. Wet some lint in the juice and put up the 
 nostril. 
 
 10. Ice Water or Vinegar. — Snuff either ice water or vinegar. Apply ice 
 or cold water to the back of the neck or bridge of the nose. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The cold contracts the blood vessels and less 
 blood is carried to these parts. Vinegar also contracts the blood vessels 
 by its astringent or binding action and lessens the flow of blood, allowing it to 
 clot by becoming coagulated or thickened. 
 
 11. Closing Nostril. — Press the nostril shut for several minutes and 
 allow the blood to clot. 
 
 12. Fat Bacon. — Insert in the nostril a narrow strip of salty fat bacon 
 about three inches long. Also hold ice in the mouth. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The salt is astringent and aids in closing the blood 
 vessels. The ice contracts the blood vessels in this region. 
 
 13. Holding Nose. — Hold the nose between the thumb and finger until 
 the blood clots then expel the breath easily through the nose. 
 
 14. Paper. — Chew some paper to a wad and press it firmly under the 
 upper lip or use the index finger instead. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This presses on the artery in the upper lip and 
 lessens the flow of blood. ^ 
 
 NOSE, THINGS IN. — If a bean, grain of corn or wheat or any other for- 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 35 
 
 eign body gets into the nostril take a crochet hook and gently run it back be- 
 hind the object and slowly and carefully draw it out. A hair pin properly bent 
 may be used if preferred. Some times the object may be expelled by blow- 
 ing the nose. Do everything gently. Seait the patient in a good light, open 
 wide the nostril and put your instrument in or behind the object and draw 
 forward. Do not be alarmed for if you cannot get it out any doctor can do 
 so and in the meantime there is no danger. 
 
 POISONING.— (See chapter on " Poisons.") 
 
 SORES. — Apply camphor and cream either alone or together. White 
 vaseline is good. For old and foul smelling sores apply finely powdered char- 
 coal. Charcoal is a disinfectant. A good wash is madp by putting a teaspoon- 
 ful (60 grains) of potassium permanganate into a pint of water. Zinc oxide 
 ointment is another good application. For freely running sores use powdered 
 white oak bark as a poultice. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— ' 
 
 1. Hot Water. — Dip pieces of cotton into very hot water and apply to 
 old sores. This is an effective remedy used in many hospitals. 
 
 2. Scraped Potato and Charcoal. — For old ill-conditioned sores apply 
 equal parts of scraped raw potato and powdered charcoal. This is a very 
 fine application for sores of this kind. 
 
 SPASMS.— (See " Convulsions.") 
 
 SPRAINS OR STRAINS, SPRAINED BACK, ETC.— Apply cloths . 
 wrung out of hot salt water or use wormwood or smartweed tea either with or 
 without arnica. Soap liniment, a soap plaster or soft soap are good applica- 
 tions. Apply opodildoc liniment. Canada pitch plaster is another good rem- 
 edy. Later paint the parts over with balsam of fir and bind with eel skin. 
 Turpentine liniment is excellent but you must not use it too long for it is hard 
 on the kidneys. See some of the good liniments given in another part. 
 
 For a sprained ankle or arm bathe for a long time with either cold or 
 hot water as it feels best. Between the bathings dress the parts with lead 
 water and laudanum, using 16 parts of water, 4 parts of undiluted lead water 
 and 1 part of laudanum; then rub with ichthyol ointment or camphor lini- 
 ment and laudanum. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Egg, Salt and Honey. — Take the white of an egg, a large spoonful 
 of salt and the same amount of honeys beat them together continually for 
 two hours ; let stand an hour and then anoint the sprained parts with the oil 
 which comes from the mixture. A man from Montana writes that he had 
 a very badly sprained ankle but within twenty-four hours after using this 
 application he walked without the least sign of pain. 
 
 2. Clay and Vinegar. — In case of a sprain or bruise tnake a paste of 
 one part of blue clay and two parts of vinegar and bind on with a wet towel 
 at night. 
 
 3. Rosin and Butter. — Make a paste with some powdered rosin and 
 fresh butter and bind on the parts. 
 
 4. Hot Water. — Pour hot water from a height of three feet upon the 
 sprained parts. A man writes that a strained ankle was cured by continuing 
 this treatment for an hour. 
 
 5. Alum and Egg. — Powder a piece of alum the size of a hickory nut 
 
36 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 and stir into the white of an egg until it forms a curd. Wet a piece of cloth 
 in this and apply to the sprained parts. 
 
 SUNSTROKE.— (See "Heat Stroke.") 
 
 SMOTHERING.— (See "Asphyxia.") 
 
 STINGS.— (See " Bites and Stings.") 
 
 SHOCK.— (See " Apoplexy.") 
 
 WOUNDS.— (Also see " Bleeding.")— Use hot, clean, boiled water to 
 thoroughly cleanse the wound. If any large blood vessels are torn they must 
 be tied with something until the doctor comes. One can generally stop 
 bleeding by the application of very hot or cold water or by twisting the blood 
 vessels or by tying something tight about the limb. Wash the wound clean 
 from dirt and all other foreign matter then dress it with gauze or linen. An 
 antiseptic like listerine or glycothymoline should be used if possible to 
 thoroughly cleanse the wound and some of it should be put upon the dressing. 
 Nail wounds are treated under "Blood Poisoning." 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. White Oah Bark Tea. — Cleanse the wound thoroughly with a tea 
 made from white oak bark. 
 
 2. Salt Water. — Bathe the wound with weak salt water made with 
 boiled water. 
 
 3. Peach Leaves. — Peach leaves pounded to a pulp and applied to a 
 bruise or wound from a rusty nail will give immediate relief. 
 
 BANDAGING. 
 For Fractures, Broken Bones, Dislocations, etc. 
 
 Splints. — ^These may be made of pasteboard, shingles or light boards. 
 They are used to help hold the parts in place and the 'bandages are wrapped 
 about them. 
 
 Padding. — Cotton batting, soft linen or anything clean and soft may be 
 used. Some places, like hollows and where there is likely to be pressure, 
 must be padded more than others but the padding must be done evenly. 
 
 Bandages. — Bandages may be bought or made from old sheets. They 
 should be from 3 to 10 yards long and from 1 to 5 inches wide. For fingers 
 and toes they should be an inch wide ; for jaw, 4 inches ; for head, 2 inches : 
 for collar bone, leg or arm, from 2 to 3% inches. Wrap them tightly in a 
 roll and keep for emergencies. Bandages and padding should be perfectly 
 clean. 
 
 General Instructions as to Bandaging. — After the broken parts have been 
 replaced the intent of bandaging is to keep the parts in place so as to give 
 nature a chance to form new bone tissue and re-unite the bone. For this 
 purpose, splints, padding and bandages are used. Bind tight enough to keep 
 the bones in place but not so tight as to shut off the circulation or you may 
 produce gangrene. Use enough padding to relieve the pressure from the 
 splints. The parts should be padded so as to make them even. The result 
 will not depend entirely upon the setting of the bone. The patient must do 
 nothing either by working or moving that will displace the bone. A great 
 many people are left deformed because fractures have been improperly set 
 
HOSPITAL METHODS OF BANDAGING. 
 (See Chapter on "Bandaging.") 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 37 
 
 Very few laymen can set them properly. Never set a bone permanently unless 
 it is impossible to get a physician. We will give both temporary and perma- 
 nent treatment. If, after setting the bone, the part swells much and the 
 patient complains of much pain, especially in a simple fracture, partly take 
 off the bandage until the patient feels easier and then apply again. For in- 
 stance, if the patient has a broken elbow and wrist, when you loosen the 
 bandage have one person hold the hand and another the elbow to keep the 
 parts in place. 
 
 Do not bandage too tightly. You must allow for swelling. A common 
 simple break should not pain much after it has been dressed half an hour. 
 Put the bandage on just tight enough to keep the parts from slipping. 
 
 Wounds. — If the bone comes through the flesh, the flesh and bone must 
 be thoroughly cleansed and the part must be bandaged so that you can get 
 at it easily afterwards to dress it. You can miss the wound with the bandage 
 and cover with gauze or linen that can be removed. Never put the splint 
 on the wound. If the bone is badly crushed it must not be put in a splint. 
 Place it in a comfortable position and treat for a time like you would treat 
 a wound. 
 
 Fractures. — A fracture is a breaking of the bone either partly or entirely 
 in two. In children whose bones are soft we sometimes find the bones bent 
 instead of broken. This is called " green stick' fracture." Put on pasteboard 
 or light shingle splints, pad well with cotton and bandage. By gradually 
 tightening the bandages you can straighten the bone. 
 
 Fractures are simple, compound, comminuted and impacted. Simple frac- 
 ture means that the bone is broken partly or entirely off with no tearing of 
 the flesh. A compound fracture is where the bone is broken and sticks 
 through the flesh. A comminuted fracture is where the bone is broken into 
 pieces or crushed. An impacted fracture is where one end of the bone is 
 driven into the other. This often happens where there is a fracture of the 
 hip or neck of the thigh bone. For practical purposes these are all the kinds 
 of fractures it is necessary to mention. 
 
 Fracture of the Arm Bone (Humerus) Between the Elbow and Shoulder. 
 — While one holds the shoulder another holds the elbow and pulls on it to 
 get the bone into place. When in place the arm will feel even with no de- 
 formity and there will be very little pain. With cotton batting pad the arm 
 from the elbow to the shoulder. Do this evenly and thoroughly, having the 
 cotton about an inch thick. To the back side of the arm apply a strip of 
 thick pasteboard and allow it to extend a little below the elbow. In front 
 apply another piece beginning a little above the elbow, to allow movement, 
 and extending to the shoulder. The two pieces of pasteboard should be wide 
 enough to meet on the sides of the arm. Take a bandage five yards long 
 and two and a half inches wide and begin at the elbow and wrap upward 
 allowing the bandage to lap from % to % of an inch each time. When you 
 bring the bandage in front, and again when you bring it behind the arm twist or 
 turn it inside out so that it will neither slip up nor down. Do this each time you 
 bring the bandage in front and behind the arm. Wrap comfortably tight but 
 not too tight. It should be loose enough so that the patient can move the 
 arm with little pain by taking hold of the forearm with the other hand. While 
 the bandage is being put on, the shoulder, elbow and hand must be held by 
 two or three parties. After the arm is bandaged the bandage at both ends 
 may be cut lengthwise far enough to permit tying. 
 
38 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Fracture of Bones of Forearm. — As to the use of splints use the same 
 method as for the bone from the elbow to the shoulder for temporary use. 
 If the bones are broken near the wrist it is called " colles fracture." This 
 kind of a fracture is very hard to treat for there is likely to be a dislocation 
 of the outer bone at the wrist. One person should take hold of the elbow 
 while another pulls at the hand until the bones slip into place. Then a third 
 person pads the arm well with cotton while the two are still pulling. Put on 
 pasteboard or light shingle spliiits. The lower one should extend from the 
 elbow to beyond the ends of the fingers and should be well padded. The 
 upper one should extend from below the elbow to the back of the hand and 
 should also be well padded. Then when placed in position and held by other 
 parties, bandage from the hand to the elbow just tight enough to hold the 
 splints in place. Bandage the same as directed for the fracture of the arm 
 above the elbow. The arm swells rapidly and if it pains much or the fingers 
 become numb and blue it is generally because the bandage is too tight. 
 Loosen the bandage a little and this will ease the patient until you can get 
 proper help. 
 
 Fracture of the Collar Bone. (Clavicle.) — When the collar bone is broken 
 there is pain at the injured place or shoulder, the shoulder hangs down and 
 the patient leans to the injured side. For temporary treatment put a pad 
 under the injured arm and put the hand and arm to the elbow in a sling tied 
 about the neck. If you are where you cannot get a sling hold the injure4 
 arm and shoulder up and back until a sling is obtained or go to bed and 
 arrange the shoulder and arm in a comfortable position until help can be 
 obtained. For permanent treatment replace the parts by lifting the shoulder 
 upward, backward and outward. Do this after you have your bandage and 
 pads ready. The collar bone will look and feel even when in place. 
 
 Velpeau Method of Bandaging. — We will first give the Velpeau method 
 of bandaging. Place the palm of the hand of the injured arm on the opposite 
 shoulder with the forearm lying across the chest. Place padding between 
 the chest and arm and hand and also in the arm pit on the injured side. This 
 is to prevent chafing. Use a bandage ten yards long and 2% inches wide. 
 Place the end of the bandage in the arm pit of the sound arm ; pass it up across 
 the back over the shoulder and broken collar bone, down the front of the 
 arm on the injured side then across the arm and under the outside of the 
 elbow; then pass it up across the chest to the place of beginning under 
 the sound arm. Repeat the same way but when you get to the sound arm pit 
 the second time pass the bandage across the back, but instead of going over the 
 shoulder as before, pass it around the injured arm at the elbow and then 
 across the chest to the sound arm pit again. Then go across the back and 
 up over the shoulder and broken collar bone as the first two times and when 
 you get to the sound arm pit go around the body as the third time, lapping 
 from one half to one inch; then alternate each time you pass it around the 
 body until you have used all the bandage. Use safety pins where necessary. 
 
 Desault Method of Bandaging. — In usin^ the Desault method you use 
 the same kind of bandage. Place the arm in the same position as when 
 bandaging by the Velpeau method and pad in the same way. Start from the 
 arm pit on the sound side; pass the bandage across the chest and up over 
 the injured collar bone and shoulder and down the back of the arm to the 
 elbow; then pass it across the arm and chest to the point of beginning 
 under the arm on the sound side; then across the back and up over the 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 39 
 
 shoulder and injured collar bone and down the front of the bent arm to the 
 elbow ; and from this point across the back -to the point of beginning. Repeat 
 these operations, alternating each time, until' the bandage is all used. Pin 
 the bandage where necessary and place the hand in a sling. 
 
 Fracture of the Hip. — Place the patient in bed and put bags of salt, sand 
 or bran both on the inner and outer side of the thigh, knee and ankle and 
 keep there until a doctor arrives. The leg may be short and turn either in 
 or out and the bags will help keep it in place and ease the pain. If a doctor 
 cannot be obtained, pad the leg well from the hip to the foot and bind on 
 with strings or strips of cloth. Turn the foot out as it naturally belongs then 
 take a bed slat or strip of board and put on the outer side of the leg. Pad 
 the leg well where it touches this splint. The slat should extend from the 
 waist to one or two inches below the foot and there should be a notch cut 
 in the upper end to keep the bandage from slipping off. Wrap pieces of 
 bandage about the limb and slat just above the ankle and the knee and tie 
 there. Also bandage the vtpper end of the splint well around the body. The 
 splint will now stay in place. Take a bandage 3 or 3 inches wide and begin 
 to bandage at the ankle and proceed as directed in bandaging the arm above 
 the elbow giving the bandage a twist or turning it inside out occasionally 
 both behind and in front to prevent its slipping. Bandage the entire length 
 of the limb then put a weight of from five to ten pounds on the lower part 
 of the leg so as to prevent shortening. Fasten a rope to the lower part of 
 the leg by bandaging or by use of adhesive plaster. Let the rope run through 
 a pulley fastened to the foot of the bed and then tie the rope to the weight. 
 
 Fracture of the Thigh Bone. — Be sure the parts are put in place and then 
 bandage the same as for a fractured hip. You must also use the weight and 
 even then the limb is likely to shorten from half an inch to two inches. 
 
 The temporary treatment, of course, is to put the patient to bed and 
 place the leg in a comfortable position. If the patient must be moved, place 
 him in a wagon and let him lie down on something soft. Get two shingles 
 or boards, pad the leg well and place one splint on the inner and the other 
 on the outer side of the thigh or whole leg and then bandage from below 
 upward. This will also do for fracture of either one or both bones of the 
 leg from the knee to the foot. > 
 
 Fracture of the Ribs. — Apply adhesive plaster from the backbone to the 
 breastbone. Apply the plaster wide enough to extend two inches above and 
 two inches below the fracture. First measure the length from the backbone 
 to the breastbone. Cut enough pieces of plaster to make the right length and 
 width. Then place one length on the table and apply another over the side 
 of the first one, lapping from % to % an inch, and so continue until you have 
 the barid wide enough. It is best to shave off all the hair where the plaster 
 is applied. While the patient stands up with his arms down and gets all 
 the breath out of his lungs, place one end of the bandage on the backbone, 
 then go forward quickly across the .chest to the breastbone with the plaster 
 drawn tight and even. Place a strip at each end of the band to prevent 
 its slipping. This band, if properly applied, will ease the pain and should 
 be worn for at least four weeks. 
 
 Fracture of the Lower Jaw. — ^Use the four-tailed bandage which is made 
 by taking a piece of muslin a yard long and four inches wide and cutting it 
 through the middle from both ends to within 5 or 6 inches of the center. 
 After the broken jaw is in position put the uncut part of the bandage under 
 
40 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 the chin so as to cover it. Take hold of the two upper pieces and tie comfort- 
 ably tight at the back of the neck. Turn the two lower pieces up along the 
 face in front of the ears and tie tightly on the top of the head. Then tie the 
 ends on the nape of the neck and the top of the head together. Keep the 
 bandage on for a week and for nourishment take milk through a tube or 
 straw. Remain quiet and do not talk. 
 
 Another way to bandage a fractured jaw is by the use of a bandage 2^ 
 inches wide and 5 yards long. Start at the base of the skull and go up around 
 the head on the right side to the top of the head, down in front of the left ear, 
 through under the chin, up the right side of the face in front of the ear and over 
 the head to the starting point and fasten with a small safety pin. Then go on 
 around the right side of the neck, under the right ear to the jaw and chin, 
 over the front of the chin and back under the left ear to the starting place 
 and again use a small safety pin. Make the first round again and then the 
 second, alternating until the bandage is all used. Always pin behind and 
 when you are through pin on the top of the head. 
 
 Fracture of the Fingers- — ^Use a rolled bandage of suitable size and close 
 the fingers over it and then bind them with strips of adhesive plaster run- 
 ning across the fingers or you can use a rolled bandage to bind about the 
 fingers and hand. Another way is to put a well padded splint in the palm 
 allowing it to extend beyond the ends of the fingers. Bind the fingers over 
 this splint just tight enough to hold them to it. Do not bandage too tightly. 
 
 Fracture of the Nose. — You can tell the nose is broken by the deformity 
 and by feeling of it. Mold the parts into place with your fingers and fasten 
 with adhesive plaster. If you are careful you can pad a goose quill at the- 
 end, insert it into the nostril, mold the break into place over the quill, apply 
 the adhesive plaster and then remove the quill. The nose mends quickly so 
 it had better be attended to as soon as possible after breaking or you may 
 have a crooked nose. It is generally safe to put the parts into place with 
 the fingers and put adhesive plaster over the break to keep it in place. Unless 
 the skin is broken you need no other dressing. The broken nose usually re- 
 tains its position well after being set and adhesive plaster applied. 
 
 Dislocation of the Shoulder. — When dislocated the shoulder is deformed 
 and the outside looks hollow. Grasp the arm below the elbow with one 
 hand and gently carry it well out from the side. Place the other hand on 
 the shoulder and press with the thumb upon the head of the dislocated bdne 
 which has usually slipped into the arm pit. Next, firmly extend the arm and 
 at the same time make it describe a half circle towards the breastbone and 
 while doing this press the head of the dislocated bone toward the socket. 
 Then bring the arm to the side. Do not use much force. Sometimes yoii 
 will need to give something to put the patient to sleep. 
 
 Dislocation of the Jaw.— Put something such as corks far back between 
 the teeth on both sides of the jaw. Place your thumbs on the teeth of each 
 side with your fingers under the jaw. Press downward and backward and 
 with your fingers lift up on the chin. Instead of using corks you can wrap 
 your thumbs thickly with a towel to protect them from being bitten when the 
 jaws snap together. Press the thumbs hard on the back teeth and lift the 
 chin up at the same time. 
 
 Dislocation of the Fingers and Toes,— If dislocated, grasp the fingers oi 
 toes in front with one hand and pull forward and downward while at the same 
 time pressing upon the dislocated part with the other hand. If it is a back- 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 41 
 
 ward dislocation, pull forward and upward with one hand while pressing 
 upon the dislocated part with the other. 
 
 FOODS FOR THE SICK AND HOW TO PREPARE THEM. 
 
 " Dishes for invalids should be served in your daintiest china and only a 
 small quantity should be served at a time." 
 
 Beef Tea by the Cold Process. — Take a pound of finely chopped round 
 steak, a coffee cup full of cold water and a pinch of salt. Place in a covered 
 jar and set in a cold place for 5 or 6 hours ot over night. It is well to shake 
 occasionally. Strain and squeeze out all the juice by placing the meat in a 
 coarse muslin cloth and twisting very hard. This beef juice is very nutri- 
 tious and better than the extracts of beef which are sold in the stores. 
 
 Beef Juice from Broiled Steak. — Take a pound of round steak with no fat 
 on it, cut thick, broil slightly and press the juice out with a lemon squeezer 
 or a meat press. You generally get from two to four ounces of juice from 
 a pound of beef. This, seasoned with salt, may be given cold or it may be 
 warmed by placing the cup which holds it into warm water. It should not 
 be heated enough to coagulate the albumen which is in solution and which 
 then appears as flakes of meat floating in the fluid. 
 
 Mutton Broth. — Take a pound of finely chopped lean mutton, including 
 some of the bone, one pint of water and a pinch of salt. Cook for three hours 
 over a slow fire adding water if necessary to make half a pint; then strain 
 through a muslin cloth. When cold, carefully remove the fat adding more 
 salt if necessary. A very nutritious and delicious broth is made from this 
 by adding corn starch or arrowroot, cooking for ten minutes, and then add- 
 ing three ounces of milk or lYz ounces of cream to each half pint of broth. 
 
 Chicken, Veal and Beef Broths. — These are made in the same manner as 
 mutton broth and used in the same way. 
 
 Meat Pulp. — A rare piece of round or sirloin steak, the outer part having 
 been cut away, is scraped or shredded with a knife and is then well salted. 
 From a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful may be given to a child 18 months old. 
 
 Junkets or Curds and Whey. — ^Take a pint of fresh cow's milk, warmed, 
 a pinch of salt and a teaspoonful of granulated sugar; add two teaspoonfuls 
 of essence of pepsin,, or liquid rennet, or one junkfet tablet dissolved in water ; 
 stir for a moment and then allow it to stand at the temperature of the room 
 for twenty minutes, or until firmly coagulated; set in the ice box or a cool 
 place until thoroughly cold. For older children this may be seasoned with 
 grated nutmeg. 
 
 Whey. — The coagulated milk, prepared as above, is broken up with a fork 
 and the whey strained off through muslin. It is best given cold. If some 
 stimulant is desired, sherry wine in the proportion of one part to twelve, or 
 brandy one part to twenty-four, may be added. This whey is useful in many 
 cases of indigestion. 
 
 Barley Jelly from the Grains. — Take three tablespoonfuls of pearl barley, 
 soak over night and then place this in one quart of fresh water; add a pinch 
 of salt and boil in a double boiler steadily for four hours or down to one 
 pint, adding water from time to time ; strain through muslin. When cold this 
 
42 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 makes a rather thick jelly. If a thinner gruel or barley water is wanted one 
 half the quantity of barley should be used. 
 
 Oat, Wheat or Rice Jelly. — These are prepared from oatmeal, wheaten 
 grits or rice grains in the same manner as the barley jelly. 
 
 Barley Jelly from the Flour. — Either Robinson's patent barky or pre- 
 pared barley flour of the Health Food Company may be used. One rounded 
 tablespoonful of the flour, thoroughly blended with a little cold water, is 
 added, while stirring, to one pint of boiling water containing a pinch of salt. 
 Cook for twenty minutes in a double boiler and strain. This makesa jelly 
 of about the consistency of that above which is made from the grains. A 
 thinner gruel or barley water is made by using half the quantity of flour. It 
 is much less trouble to prepare this and it is essentially the same as that 
 above. When this is to be mixed with milk it is well to add the milk to 
 the barley gruel before removing from the fire and stir two or three minutes 
 or until the milk has nearly reached the boiling point. It should then be 
 removed and bottled. 
 
 Oat or Wheat Jelly from the Flour. — These are made from the prepared 
 oat flour of the Health Food Company or Hubbell's prepared wheat flour. 
 They are made and used like barley. 
 
 Imperial Granum. — This is prepared and used in precisely the same way 
 as the barley flour above; the gruel being mixed with milk before it is re- 
 moved from the fire. 
 
 Albumen Water. — Put the white of one egg into half a glass of water J 
 stir slowly for about five minutes without getting it frothy and strain through 
 cheese cloth. If necessary, sweeten and flavor to suit the child. Another 
 way is to take the white of one fresh egg, one half pint of cold water, a pinch 
 of salt and a teaspoonful of brandy. Shake thoroughly and feed cold either 
 with a spoon or from a bottle. This is useful in cases of vomiting and can 
 sometimes be retained by a very irritable stomach. 
 
 Dried Bread. — This may be used either fresh or stale. Cut into thin 
 slices and place in the oven with the door open and quickly dry until it is 
 crisp but not browned. For children this is better than crackers. 
 
 Coddled Egg. — A fresh egg with the shell on is placed in boiling water 
 which is immediately afterwards removed from the fire. The egg should 
 cook slowly in the water for seven or eight minutes when the white should 
 be about the consistency of jelly. Add salt and for a delicate stomach give 
 the white only. 
 
 Lime Water. — Take a heaping teaspoonful of slaked lime and a quart of 
 bottled or distilled water; place in a corked bottle and shake thoroughly two 
 or three times during the first hour ; then allow the lime to settle for twenty^ 
 four hours. Carefully pour off and use the clear fluid. From a teaspoonfuJ 
 to a tablespoonful may be given at a feeding. 
 
 Gluten Water. — Gluten water is made from any grain, preferably barley 
 or rice, by boiling from four to six tablespoonfuls of the whole grain in a 
 quart of water for an hour. It should then measure one pint and be strained. 
 This is very easily digested and very strengthening. 
 
 Oatmeal Water. — ^Take a tablespoonful of oatmeal or two tablespoonfuls 
 of rolled oats and boil for three hours in a quart of water, adding boiling- 
 water to have a pint when done. For feeding to infants this should be 
 strained and added to the milk. 
 
 Barley Water. — Add a tablespoonful of pearl barley to a quart of water 
 
NURSING DEPARTMENT. 43 
 
 like the oatmeal water above. Strain and use as a substitute for oatmeal 
 water when the bowels are loose. 
 
 Rice Water. — Add a tablespoonful of rice to a quart of water and cook 
 for three hours as directed for oatmeal water. When strained this is a good 
 substitute for milk in cholera infantum or it may be added to the milk for 
 feeding infants. 
 
 Arrowroot Water. — Pour a little cold water on a teaspoonful of arrow- 
 root and rub until pasty; add a pint of boiling water and boil from five to 
 ten minutes, stirring constantly. This is often added to milk mixtures to 
 break the rolled curd forming in a child's stomach. It should be strained. 
 
 Toast Water.-^Two slices of dark brown toast should be added to a 
 quart of boiling water. When cool use it for sick stomach or as a drink 
 when thirsty. 
 
 Egg and Barley Water. — To the white of one egg add eight ounces of 
 barley water and one and one-half teaspoonfuls of white sugar. This is 
 good for a child recovering from a sickness when milk is not successful. 
 Rice water may be substituted for the barley water if preferred. 
 
 Flaxseed Tea. — Add a tablespoonful of flaxseed to a pint of boiling 
 water; let simmer for an hour; then strain, sweeten and flavor with lemon 
 juice to suit the taste. 
 
 Cream and Rice Mixture. — ^Take cream, 3 tablespoonfuls ; rice water, 4 
 tablespoonfuls ; boiled lime water, 2 tablespoonfuls and sugar, 1 tablespoon- 
 ful. Give every two hours but do not feed enough to cause vomiting. If 
 the bowels are loose or show curds in the stools, decrease the amount of 
 cream. Increase the cream when constipated. Increase the proportion of rice 
 water as long as there are regular daily stools. Rice produces constipation 
 when fed too freely. 
 
 Hard Boiled Eggs. — Eggs boiled for a few minutes only are generally 
 tough and not very easily disgested but if they be boiled for an hour they 
 become tender and mealy and are easily digested. If the stomach is in very 
 bad condition give only the whites at first then later the yolks also may be 
 given. 
 
 THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE. 
 
 We are a very careless people in many ways. We travel at a furious gait 
 and we are reckless of the certain results. A great many ills and diseases 
 can be avoided. Suppose one is very warm, thirsty and sweating. How 
 many in such a condition will pour ice water into their stomachs and produce 
 gastritis which is inflammation of the stomach! Or, perhaps a severe chill 
 is the result. How many in this condition sit down in a draught and check 
 the perspiration and thus take cold and get sore throat, pneumonia, bron- 
 chitis, catarrh, neuralgia or rheumatism ! How many will get their clothes or 
 ' their shoes and stockings wet and never change them and dry the wet parts ! 
 How many girls get wet stockings and skirts and sit in them at school for 
 hours even when they are " unwell " and then wonder why they have painful 
 menstruations! How many will dance themselves into a perspiration and 
 then sit in a cool place and cool off suddenly and wonder why they have 
 coughs, headaches, neuralgia and are sickly in general. Nasal catarrh, chronic 
 sore throat, laryngitis and consumption flourish on such errors. 
 
 How many people will drink the strongest kinds of teas and coffees, live 
 
44 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK.' 
 
 on them for breakfast, and then wonder why their stomach and nerves are 
 bad, their bowels constipated and livers torpid ! How many will continually 
 eat ham, pork, sausage, rich pies and cakes, greasy gravies, warm pancakes 
 and perhaps top off with tea or coffee or wines and liquors and then continue 
 living a sedentary life and wonder why their stomachs give out and they 
 have indigestion and dyspepsia! You cannot disobey the laws of health and 
 remain well. I have frequently seen mothers give a ten months old baby 
 rich cookies, candies and maple syrup and even peanuts. I once attended a 
 year old child for convulsions. I found it had eaten peanuts for its evening 
 meal. When I " got up " the peanuts the convulsions ceased. I have seen 
 children eat green apples and die within a short time with dysentery or 
 cholera infantum. The minister and parents mourned over the mysterious 
 dispensation of Providence in taking their dearly beloved little ones. It was 
 not Providence — it was Green Apples. I once knew a two year old child who 
 died from eating a blackish, over-ripe banana. We reap what we sow 
 whether we sow intentionally or otherwise. 
 
 How can you escape rheumatism if you live in a cold, damp, musty house 
 which is closed against sunlight! Man made houses but God made the out- 
 doors with the air and the sunlight. 
 
 And then as regards venereal diseases. These cannot be contracted with- 
 out giving full payment. They are very difficult to cure. in the chronic state. 
 A few years ago in this city I saw a young man of good family who was then 
 dying with inflammation of the kidneys caused by a venereal disease which 
 had gone to the bladder and then affected the kidneys. And the man is not 
 the only one to suffer. Years afterwards, when he thinks he is cured he may 
 find that such is not the case and that he has infected his wife. The major- 
 ity of cases of diseased ovaries and tubes that come to our public hospitals 
 is caused by a latent venereal disease in the husband. 
 
 All these diseases could be prevented and preventive treatment is the 
 only sure treatment. Teach your children how to live if you wish them to be 
 healthy both physically and morally. Instruct the young of both sexes how 
 they shall eat, drink and act and also as to the uses of the organs of generation. 
 
DISEASES. 
 CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. — This is. an acute infectious 'disease usually affecting 
 children under fifteen years of age or before puberty. It is an acute inflam- 
 mation sometimes affecting the mucous membrane of the entire throat 
 including the nostrils, pharynx or back part of the throat, larynx, palate and 
 even the nasal or nose passages. The disease is attended with a false mem- 
 brane which develops in the mouth, throat, nose and larynx. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by a germ called the Klebs-LoefHer bacillus be- 
 cause these men first discovered these germs. The disease is taken by coming 
 in contact with or near those having it. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Diphtheria is from two to seven days in coming on. The 
 patient has a sense of weariness, chilliness and fever. The severity of these 
 symptoms varies greatly in different cases. Sometimes they are so mild 
 that the child does not seem to be ailing at all and the parent is much sur- 
 prised upon looking into the mouth on the second day to find a grayish spot 
 or membrane on the tonsils, soft palate, uvula or in the throat. In other 
 cases the disease comes on suddenly from the start. In nearly every case 
 there is some complaint of sore throat or of difficulty in swallowing. The 
 back part of the throat is red or inflamed and upon one or both tonsils is seen 
 a tiny grayish patch which is the beginning of the membrane of either 
 tonsilitis or diphtheria. If it is tonsilitis it will appear on the tonsils only 
 and when the membrane is removed a smooth glistening surface remains 
 while if it be diphtheria the membrane will quickly spread to other parts of 
 the throat and perhaps to the nose passages. In diphtheria the membrane is 
 of a grayish or light mouse color and in many cases becomes shaggy and 
 dirty looking. In attempting to remove it you find that it sticks closely to 
 the lining of the throat. It can be removed only by tearing it loose so that 
 a raw bleeding surface is left over which another membrane quickly forms. 
 In this way you may distinguish between tonsilitis and diphtheria. There 
 is nearly always some enlargement of the glands or kernels under the jaws. 
 Frequently the membrane extends into the nostrils and there is then an 
 acrid or burning discharge from the nose. This kind of diphtheria is very 
 dangerous and most frequently affects infants or very young children. 
 
 Laryngeal Diphtheria or Diphtheria of the Larynx ; Also Formerly Called 
 Membranous or True Croup. — A membrane forms which causes very difficult 
 breathing which is attended by hoarseness when speaking or crying and a 
 harsh cough with a metallic sound. Following these symptoms it is noted 
 that there is a light whistling sound when the breath is drawn in and this 
 whistling is increased at times by what seems to be a spasm of the larynx or 
 
 46 
 
46 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. . 
 
 upper part of the windpipe., This is followed by constant whistling, harsh 
 breathing, much restlessness and anxious breathing. The child may grasp 
 the throat with its hands and as it becomes bluish it often grinds its teeth 
 and looks piteously from side to side for relief. Its pallid face may be covered 
 with sweat and altogether it is a painful sight to witness. As the disease 
 advances the child becomes more and more limp and struggles less and less 
 for breath and unless relief is quickly obtained suffocation will be the result. 
 Sometimes in the older children some of the false membrane is thrown out 
 and in some instances they throw out large pieces showing the entire form 
 of the larynx or upper part of windpipe. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive, — As soon as a white or grayish spot shows in the throat or 
 on the tonsils of one having sore throat that person should immediately be 
 placed in a room by himself and others kept away. If it proves to be diph- 
 theria other children who have been with the patient should at once be given 
 preventive doses, of antitoxin by a physician. The furniture of the sick room, 
 such as carpets and curtains, should be removed and only necessary articles 
 such as bedding and clothing should be retained. After removing the carpets, 
 curtains, etc., they should be put into a solution of corrosive sublimate of 
 the strength of from 1 to 1,000 to 1 to 5,000. This can be bought in tablet 
 form of any desired strength at any drug store ; or, use 5 pet. carbolic solution. 
 
 After being disinfected these things should be boiled and dried in the__ 
 sun. The room should be well ventilated. The nurse should not mingle with" 
 ahy other members of the family. All articles of clothing or bedding used by 
 the patient should be dipped into an ,. antiseptic solution, such as corrosive 
 sublimate of the strength 1 to 3,000, before removal from the sick room. The 
 physician, before entering the sick room, should cover his head with a linen 
 cap and wear a rubber coat or wrap a sheet about him. These should be dis- 
 infected both before and after using and when not in use should be hung out- 
 side the sick room. If it is necessary for members of the family to enter the 
 room they should observe the same precautions and on leaving the room 
 they should gargle or rinse the mouth with some mild cleansing wash such 
 as boric acid solution. After the recovery of the patient the articles in the 
 room should be washed in an antiseptic solution and the room thoroughly 
 disinfected. Directions for this are given in the Nursing Department. 
 
 Emergency Remedy or " What To Do." — While you are waiting for the 
 physician have the patient gargle his throat frequently with hot water and 
 if you wish you may add a little vinegar and pepper to it or you can gargle 
 with pure lemon juice, listerine or any other mild antiseptic. In some cases a 
 little sulphur blown into the throat through a goose quill is an excellent 
 remedy. Gargle with buttermilk. 
 
 Caution or " What Not To Do,"— Do not use utensils or garments used 
 by the patient until they have been thoroughly disinfected. Do not get any of 
 the sputum or other discharges upon any part of your person and if you do 
 you should wash and disinfect the parts immediately with a 1 to 5,000 solution 
 of corrosive sublimate. Do not forget to look out for difficult breathing, 
 hoarseness or coughing and if any of these are noticed send for the attending 
 physician at once. Do not let the patient mingle with others until he has 
 been pronounced cured and safe. Do not wash the patient's head or hair until 
 two weeks after cured as there is great danger of taking cold. Do not under 
 any circumstances allow the patient to take cold during or for some time 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 47 
 
 after sickness or serious after effects are likely to be the result. Do not let 
 the patient get out of bed until well and strong and do not allow him to exert 
 himself for some time after recovery as the heart is left weak and many 
 persons have died of paralysis of the heart after they were pronounced cured. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Antitoxin is now the chief remedy and used by 
 all schools of physicians but this must be administered by a doctor. Some 
 give bichloride of mercury in doses of from 1/100 to 1/60 of a grain every 
 hour. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Belladonna, 3rd dilution; mercurius protoi- 
 odide, 2nd trituration; kali bichromicum, 3nd trituration; lachesis, 6th dilu- 
 tion. As to direction and doses see " Homeopathic Medicines " in the Nursing 
 Department. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — See that the room is well ventilated but do not allow 
 the patient to take cold. Be careful to disinfect every article that comes 
 in contact with or near the patient and carefully follow all instructions of the 
 dofctor. The diet should be mostly of milk or milk preparations. If other 
 foods are given they should be such as are easily digested such as broths or 
 barley or rice gruel. For preparing these see " Foods for the Sick " in the 
 Nursing Department. 
 
 After Effects. — Diphtheria leaves the heart in a weak condition and 
 paralysis of the heart, causing death, is often the result especially where the 
 patient over exerts himself too soon. Sometimes there is general paralysis and 
 very frequently the muscles of the tongue and the swallowing muscles of the 
 throat are affected and this is first shown by the food, which has been swal- 
 lowed, coming up. Sometimes the vocal cords are paraly2;ed causing tempor- 
 ary loss of speech. Other results are broncho-pneumonia, pleurisy, inflamma- 
 tion of the stomach and bowels and inflammation of the kidneys. The parents 
 and nurse should take great care that none of these serious after effects are 
 caused by their carelessness. Follow carefully the instructions of the doctor 
 and be exceedingly careful not to let the patient catch cold. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Salt Water and Fat Bacon. — Gargle with salt and water and apply 
 
 bandages wet with salt and water to the throat and bind on slices of fat bacon. 
 
 3. Linseed Meal Poultice. — To reduce the swelling of the neck apply 
 
 a poultice of linseed meal. At the beginning of the disease have the patient 
 
 inhale the steam from hot water and vinegar. 
 
 3. Glycerine and Creosote, — Gargle with a mixture of glycerine, 2 
 ounces; and creosote, 7 to 8 drops. 
 
 4. Steam from Lime Water. — Have the patient inhale the steam from 
 lime water. 
 
 5. Alum. — Blow finely powdered alum into the throat or use alum 
 water as a wash. 
 
 6. Vinegar and Honey. — A gargle composed of vinegar, honey and 
 warm water is an excellent remedy. For adults add red pepper. 
 
 7. Salt and Ashes. — Fill a flannel bag with salt and ashes and apply 
 hot to the neck. This has proven very effective in many cases. 
 
 8. Lemon Juice. — A French physician says he has cured many cases 
 of diphtheria in the first stages by giving lemon juice as a gargle. To half 
 a glass of water add the juice of one lemon and when gargling a little swal- 
 lowed will be all the better. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Lemon juice contains citric acid. 
 Do not depend upon this alone but get a physician. 
 
48 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 9. Pitch Tar. — Insert a funnel over some pitch tar on a hot iron and Jet 
 the patient breathe the smoke five or six times a day. Also let the patient 
 hold small piecjes of ice in the mouth. This treatment has eased the distress 
 in a great many cases. 
 
 10. Sulphur. — Gargle with sulphur and water. 
 
 11. Sulphur and Lemon Juice. — Mix sulphur with lemon juice and take 
 a little in the mouth every half hour. 
 
 SCARLET FEVER, 
 Scarlet Rash — Scarlatina. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. — Scarlet fever is an acute infectious disease with an 
 eruption or rash peculiar to itself. It most frequently aflfects children under 15 
 years of age. The rash is scarlet tinted and made up of very many small 
 or minute points. It shows on the second day of illness and is attended with 
 fever. It is most likely to occur during the fall and winter months. The 
 fatality tables of our cities show that on an average death occurs in from 10 
 to 14 per cent, of the cases but in children under five years of age between 
 20 and 30 per cent, of the cases are fatal. These percentages are probably too 
 high because many of the milder cases are not reported at all. 
 
 CAUSES. — Scarlet fever is taken by coming in contact with a person ef- 
 fected or with the scales which come from his body. A person may also be 
 infected through the discharges from the nose or ear of the patient and by 
 coming in contact with articles of clothing worn by the patient or furniture 
 which has been in the sick room. Books and letters may retain the infection 
 for a long time and the disease is frequently spread by pets such as cats and 
 dogs. The author once attended a family where four of the children had 
 taken scarlet fever by playing with a dog coming from the home of a neigh- 
 bor where they had the disease. No other acute disease renders the surround- 
 ings of the patient a source of danger for so long a time. Clothing and 
 upholstered furniture have transmitted the disease to healthy children two 
 years after the recovery of the patient. 
 
 Nursing babies do not take the disease so readily as children from 3 to 
 5 years old at which age it most frequently occurs. A scarlet fever patient 
 cannot transmit the disease until the rash develops. At about the fourth or 
 fifth day the patient can easily give the disease to others and he can then do 
 so as long as he continues to " scale off," which is often for six weeks. Ar- 
 ticles of food may convey the disease and it is very frequently spread through 
 milk coming from dairies where there are persons employed who have scarlet 
 fever or in whose family it exists. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Not all persons who are exposed take the disease but if 
 they do it is usually from 3 to 10 days after exposure. One seldom has it the 
 second time. 
 
 How It Begins.— It usually begins with a sore throat, a moderately high 
 fever, headache and backache and frequently is attended with sickness at 
 the stomach and vomiting. The disease generally begins suddenly and the 
 suddenness and severity of these symptoms generally show how hard one is 
 to have the disease. 
 
 The Rash. — ^The scarlet rash is made up of many fine points which are so 
 close together as to give the skin a flushed appearance like a continuous 
 or solid rash. It looks a great deal like a severe case of heat rash. It appears 
 on the second day and is seen first on the chest but may spread over the entire 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 49 
 
 body in 4 or 5 hours. In mild cases the rash continues only for a day or two 
 but in severe cases it may last for 5 or 6 days. The rash ends with " scaling." 
 
 The Sore Throat — The rash is generally attended with a very severe 
 sore throat which causes much difficulty in swallowing. The back part of 
 the throcft is red and angry looking and sometimes so sore as to obscure or 
 hide all the other symptoms of the disease. Frequently the tongue first 
 looks like an unripe and later like a ripe strawberry. 
 
 The Scaling. — When the rash ends the outer skin begins to come off in 
 scales of varying sizes. The skin may " peel " off of the hands and feet. 
 The amount of scaling and how long it will last depends upon how hard one 
 has the disease. It usually lasts 3 or 4 weeks but in bad cases it may last 
 as long as 6 or even 8 weeks. 
 
 The Fever. — The fever reaches its height within a few hours from the 
 beginning of the attack and often runs up to 105 degrees within 13 hours but 
 usually falls to 103 degrees after 24 hours and then gradually decreases. 
 
 Diseases Coming With Scarlet Fever. — A stopping of the urine, or water, 
 may be one of the first symptoms or albumen in the urine may be the only 
 evidence of kidney trouble. Swelling under the eyes is also a symptom of 
 kidney trouble and dropsy is likely to set in before you realize it. There is 
 also likely to be inflammation of the ears. 
 
 Distinguishing Features or " How to Tell it from Other Diseases." — To 
 distinguish scarlet fever from other diseases you should consult the " Table 
 of Symptoms " and " The Comparison of Diseases " given in the Nursing 
 Department of this book. Rose rash looks a great deal like scarlet fever but 
 in that disease there is no sore throat and the tongue does not have the 
 peculiar strawberry look. Both of these symptoms are generally found in 
 scarlet fever and will aid you in distinguishing it from other diseases. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — Separate the sick one from the rest of the family 
 and if more than one is sick it is best for them to be put into different rooms. 
 Remove from the room all curtains, carpets, etc., leaving only necessary 
 articles. As to disinfection use the same care as in diphtheria and other in- 
 fectious diseases. The clothes worn just before illness should be boiled or 
 sterilized in steam and then aired in the sun. During and after the illness, 
 the bed clothes and linen when removed should be put into a 1 to 5,000 solu- 
 tion of corrosive sublimate and then boiled, dried and aired in the sun. After 
 the patient is well the sick room should be disinfected. Directions for doing 
 this are given in the Nursing Department. To prevent spreading the disease 
 do not allow any of the children to go to school or mingle with other chil- 
 dren while you have scarlet fever in the house. Do not allow the children 
 to play with cats or dogs coming from homes where they have the disease. 
 Spray the throats of the children, who have not yet taken the disease, every 
 morning with listerine or some other mild antiseptic. If the patient is 
 greased from head to foot it will prevent the scales flying so much and spread- 
 ing the disease. 
 
 Emergency Remedy or "What To Do."— Separate the child from the 
 rest of the family as soon as the symptoms are suspicious. Put even the 
 mildest case to bed and it is well to grease the child from head to foot with 
 unsalted lard or a piece of fat bacon. If the child is old enough it is well to 
 have it gargle its throat frequently with a weak solution of chlorate of pot- 
 ash. Use from 3 to 5 grains to an ounce of water. Keep the child warm 
 
 4 
 
50 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 r>nd comfortable. Watch carefully for symptoms of dropsy or kidney trouble 
 and save the urine that the doctor may note the condition of the kidneys and 
 perhaps avoid serious after' effects. Watch for pains in the ears as inflam- 
 mation of the ears and deafness are often the results of scarlet fever. 
 
 Caution or " What Not to Do." — Above all else do not allow the patient 
 to take cold and especially during scaling; as kidney trouble, deafness, or 
 blindness may be the result. Do not throw away the urine as the physician 
 may need to examine it daily as to quantity, color and consistency. Do not 
 allow those attending the patient to mingle with others and do not allow the 
 patient to do so until the doctor or health officer gives permission. If in the 
 city, or country districts where they have health boards, do not disobey 
 their laws and do not fail to report even the mildest case. When there 
 is scarlet fever in the neighborhood do not go near it or allow the children 
 to mingle with any of the family or play with their cats or dogs. Do not 
 forget to disinfect. 
 
 For the Intense Itching. — Grease the patient with fresh unsalted butter 
 or a piece of bacon or rub with .sweet oil containing from ^^ per cent, to 1 
 per cent, of carbolic acid. Or, the patient may be rubbed with weak carbol- 
 ized vaseline. This is vaseline containing a very small amount of carbolic 
 acid. 
 
 For the Pain in the Ear. — Syringe the ear 3 or 3 times a day, or oftener 
 if necessary, with a normal salt solution as hot as can be borne. The normal 
 salt solution contains four parts of salt, three parts of sodium carbonate and 
 one thousand parts of water. ^ 
 
 For the Dropsy. — If the patient has dropsy and does not pass enough 
 urine, and usually he does not, give pumpkin seed tea freely. Meanwhile 
 sweat the patient either with the corn sweat as described in the Nursing 
 Department or in the following way. Put the patient in a warm room and 
 have him sit on a cane seated chair with a blanket pinned tightly about the 
 neck and hanging to the floor on all sides. Put a pail of water under the 
 chair and into it put a hot brick. This will create steam and cause the patient 
 to sweat. Instead of the water and brick you can attach a hose to a steam- 
 ing teakettle and then put the other end under the blanket ; or,' if the patient 
 is in bed, it can be put under the bed clothes which have been raised above the 
 patient. Care should be taken not to scald the patient. Or, the croup tent 
 may be used as described in the Nursing Department. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — For a child eight years old give 5 grains of citrate 
 of potash and 20 drops of sweet spirits of nitre in a little water 3 or 4 times 
 a day. Or, for the bowels and kidneys, mix 2 ounces of epsom salts with 2 
 ounces of cream of tartar and give two teaspoonfuls dissolved in a little water 
 every 3 hours until the bowels move freely. The bowels should move once or 
 twice daily. This dose of salts and cream of tartar is for a child a year old. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment.— Put 10 or 15 drops of the third dilution of 
 Belladonna into half a glass of water and give two teaspoonfuls every 1 to 
 3 hours. For the kidneys when there is passing of but little water give the 
 third trituration of Apis. Mel. Give 1 tablet every 1 to 3 hours. (See "Homeo- 
 pathic Medicines" in Nursing Department.) 
 
 Nursing and Diet.— The nurse should see that the patient stays in bed 
 even if it is a mild case for there is great danger of taking cold and leaving 
 bad after'-effects. If the rash is driven in it should be brought out with hot 
 teas and by sweating. The sick room should have good ventilation and 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 51 
 
 plenty of' sunshine. The temperature should be about 68 degrees or com-" 
 fortable for the patient. It is well to have the child, if old enough, gargle 
 its throat frequently with chlorate of potash as directed above. This may be 
 kept up from the beginning to the end of the attack. When the child is 
 getting well it should be bathed every day with warm soapy water to aid 
 in the scaling and to lessen the tendency to kidney trouble and dropsy. After 
 the first two or three days, when the child is no longer sick at the stomach, 
 cold water should be given frequently as a drink. Where the child refuses 
 milk as a diet and is continually wanting water, the water and milk may be 
 mixed. Do not give milk during the vomiting stage of the disease. 
 
 If the fever remains persistently above 103 degress or if it occasionally 
 rises to 105 degrees, the child must be bathed well in water which at the 
 beginning is about 90 degrees but is allowed to drop to 80 or 85 degrees 
 during the bath which should, last from 5 to 15 minutes. The child should 
 be rubbed all over during the bath. Applications of cold water at 50 degrees 
 should be made to the head as long as the fever is at 104 degrees or higher. 
 Where there is no bath tub to be used, frequent washing with water at 60 
 to 70 degrees must be adopted without drying the child afterwards. The 
 cooling baths must be repeated often to control the fever. 
 
 After Effects. — Dropsy, chronic kidney trouble or Bright's disease are 
 very likely to follow scarlet fever and there may be a discharge from one or 
 both ears caused by inflammation of the ear which may result in deafness, i 
 Weak eyes, sometimes resulting in partial or total blindness, and endocarditis, 
 or heart disease, are other bad after effects. Many cases of chronic tonsil- 
 itis follow and sometimes the glands under the jaw are permanently en- 
 larged. Of these after effects kidney and ear troubles probably occur most 
 frequently. The; parents or nurse should constantly keep a look-out for pains 
 in the ears and attention must be paid to the urine and the patient must not 
 be allowed to take cold if you would guard against the serious after effects 
 of scarlet fever. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Fat Bacon — Sulphur— Cold Water.— Rub the patient morning and 
 evening from head to foot with a piece of fat bacon. Should the throat be 
 very sore apply cloths wet in cold water. Should the eruption suddenly dis- 
 appear bathe all over with cold water and without drying cover imme- 
 diately with woolen blankets and give cold water to drink. When the skin 
 begins to peel give an occasional dose of sulphur. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Greasing the patient relieves the itching and aids 
 in keeping the scales from flying and spreading the disease. In using cold 
 water be careful not to chill the patient. 
 
 2. Hot Teas. — If the case is not severe little medicine is needed. Give 
 pennyroyal, catnip, saffron or sage tea. To relieve vomiting give water with 
 a little soda in it. 
 
 3. Chipped Ice. — For the vomiting give the patient small chips of ice in 
 the mouth. 
 
 4. Bacon. — Give the patient a warm sponge bath every night, then 
 grease the entire body with a piece of uncooked bacon. If the case is severe 
 bind slices of bacon upon the breast, neck, and soles of the feet. This treat- 
 ment will not interfere with anything the physician may see fit to give inter- 
 nally if he is called later. 
 
53 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The bathing establishes a good circulation in the 
 skin and thus keeps the eruption out; it keeps the pores open and helps the 
 skin to throw off its proper secretions and rid the body of poisons and it 
 also induces sleep. 
 
 6. Onion and Saffron. — Cut an onion in halves; take out the heart; 
 put a spoonful of saffron into the cavity ; put the pieces tpgether again ; wrap 
 in a cloth; and bake in an oven. When the onion is cooked so that the juice 
 will run freely, squeeze out all the juice and give a teaspoonful to the patient. 
 Rub goose grease or a piece of bacon on the chest and throat. Keep the 
 patient warm and seldom any other treatment will be required. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The saffron keeps the bowels open and the onion 
 is soothing to the sore and congested throat. This remedy comes from a 
 mother living in California who successfully treated her five children who all 
 had the scarlet fever at the same time. 
 
 6. Pepper, Salt and Vinegar. — ^Take cayenne pepper, 1 teaspoonful; 
 common salt, 2 teaspoonfuls and a teacupful of water with enough vinegar 
 added to make of the desired strength. Bring these to the boiling point, let 
 stand, until cool and then strain. Use as a gargle for sore throat either in 
 colds or scarlet fever. 
 
 7. Warm Lemonade. — An eminent physician of Boston robs scarlet 
 fever of many of its terrors by prescribing warm lemonade with a little mu- 
 cilage or gum arabic dissolved in it. This he gives as often as the patient 
 desires. He also applies warmth to the stomach and directs that a cloth be 
 wrung out of hot water and laid upon the stomach and changed as rapidly 
 as it cools. Nothing but the lemonade is given internally. 
 
 8. Cleaver's Root Tea. — Give a tea made of cleaver's root. The dose 
 is' from 1 to 4 ounces. Or, equal parts of cleaver's root, maiden hair and 
 elder blows, steeped in warm water for 3 hours and drank freely when cold, 
 is good for scarlet fever and other eruptive diseases. 
 
 MEASLES. 
 Rubeola — Morbilli. 
 DESCRIPTION.— Measles is an acute infectious disease. It is 
 usually epidemic, that is, it runs through a neighborhood. Il; usually at- 
 tacks children and a person over 30 years of age seldom has it. 
 
 ■ .CAUSES. — The disease is contagious and taken by coming in contact 
 with or near those who have it. It is carried in clothing, etc. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— It usually comes on rather gradually aiid is much like 
 'an ordinary cold in the head in that there is coughing, sneezing and watery 
 eyes and nose. The eruption generally appears on the third or fourth day 
 Upon close inspection it is first seen in the mouth but is usually first noticed 
 on the face and neck as small red spots and from these places it spreads 
 slowly over the body. The spots are like blotches. The cough is caused by 
 the eruption in the windpipe and for this reason cough medicines generally 
 do but little good until ,the eruption disappears. The eruption is also in the 
 eyes causing them to be inflamed and very weak. The disease spreads 
 rapidly through the air and you do not need to come in contact with the 
 patient or his garments in order, to take it. A very short exposure to the 
 infected air is all that is necessary for one to take the measles The patient 
 rarely gives the disease, though, after three weeks have expired from the 
 
MEASLES, 
 
 (5th and 6th days.) 
 
 (Taken at Ann Arbor, Mich., especially for this book.) 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 53 
 
 beginning of the attack. One usually comes down with the measles in from 
 8 to 30 days after exposure. It seldom occurs more than once in the same 
 person. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Keep away from those having the disease and do not allow 
 the children to play with pets coming from homes where the disease exists. 
 Disinfect the clothing, furniture and sick room. Prevent the broncho-pneu- 
 monia, which sometimes follows it, by not taking cold and prevent trouble 
 with the eyes by not using them or exposing them to light. 
 
 Emergency Remedy or " What To Do." — Put the patient in a darkened 
 room where no strong light can strike the eyes; see that he does not take 
 cold and keep the eruption out, if necessary, by giving hot drinks. 
 
 Caution or " What Not To Do." — Do not let the patient take cold or the 
 cough will be made worse and the lungs and bronchial tubes will be affected 
 and sometimes a severe attack of bronchitis or pneumonia will be the result. 
 Do not let the patient read or expose the eyes to a strong light or the sight 
 may be ruined for life. Do not overload the stomach or diarrhea will be 
 the result. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — For the cough, which is hard to control, give 1/30 
 of a grain of codein from 1 to 3 times in 24 hours. This is the dose for a 
 child two years old. If there is diarrhea give blackberry wine or a tea made 
 from blackberry root. , 
 
 Homeopathic. — At the beginning, for the fever, give the 3nd dilution of 
 Aconite. Put 10 to 15 drops in a glass half full of water and give 2 tea- 
 spoonfuls every 1 to 3 hours. For the tight cough, throbbing headache and 
 sore eyes give the 3rd dilution of Belladonna. It is prepared and given the 
 same as the Aconite. If it hurts to cough give the 2nd dilution of Bryonia 
 in the same way. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Put the patient into a darkened room where no sun- 
 light enters and do not allow him to use the eyes or they will be weakened. 
 See that he does not take cold or serious consequences will follow. Keep him 
 warm but not uncomfortably hot. To bring out the rash give warm teas 
 such as elder blossom, ginger or horehound. If there is no room which can 
 be kept at an even temperature the patient should remain in bed during the 
 entire attack. Watch the cough and if there is pain in the chest it should be 
 attended to at once or bronchitis or pneumonia will be the result. 
 
 Cold drinks are refreshing and beneficial if not given too freely. To 
 children, give milk after the fever from the eruption has passed. To adults, 
 as there is generally some trouble with the stomach and bowels, give food 
 frequently and it should consist of the various broths, milk, eggs boiled for 
 only one minute and similar substances. 
 
 After Effects. — Weakened eyes and impaired eyesight are the results of 
 reading or exposing the eyes to the light during or soon after the disease. 
 Bronchitis and pneumonia are the results of taking cold. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Weak Lye Water. — To relieve the itching frequently bathe the pa- 
 tient with warm, weak lye water. 
 
 2. Blackberry Root Tea. — If there is any diarrhea give blackberry root 
 tea. 
 
54 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is good because of its slightly astringent 
 qualities. 
 
 3. Poultices of Mustard, Hops and Lobelia. — If there is inflammation of 
 the lungs apply a mustard poultice to the chest and follow with a poultice of 
 hops and lobelia. Change every half hour. 
 
 , Physician's Remark. — This poultice is good for all kinds of inflammations. 
 
 4. Saffron Tea or Hot Lemonade. — Give plenty of warm saffron tea or 
 hot lemonade and if possible keep up a gentle sweat. Sponge the patient 
 every few hours with warm vinegar and water. 
 
 5. Elder Flower Tea. — To bring the rash out give warm elder flower tea. 
 
 GERMAN MEASLES. 
 Rubella, Rotheln. 
 
 Description. — This is a distinct disease and not a form of the regular 
 measles or scarlet fever. It is usually mild and rarely afifects adults. 
 
 Causes. — It is contagious and is taken by coming in contact with or near 
 those who have it. It is carried in clothing, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — The person usually comes down in from te'n to twelve days 
 after exposure. There is chilliness, general weakness, some running of the 
 nose and eyes and there is generally headache. The rash sometimes appears 
 as early as the first day but sometimes not until the third day. The rash 
 appears as red spots but is not scarlet. It is first seen on the face and then 
 the chest, lasts about three days and then gradually fades away. There 
 is generally an enlargement of the lymph glands below the ears and under 
 the jaw and this is characteristic of the disease. The symptoms of a cold 
 are not so severe as in measles. There is not the coughing that goes with 
 measles but the glands swell in German measles while they do not in measles. 
 The fever is low and there is no sore throat like there is in scarlet fever. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 " What to Do." — Rest in bed and for the kidneys give a teaspoonful of 
 sweet spirits of nitre every three or four hours. 
 
 " What Not to Do." — Do not take cold. Do not expose others. 
 
 MUMPS. 
 Epidemic Parotitis. 
 
 Description. — Mumps is an inflammation of the salivary glands. It 
 is an acute disease of childhood and is infectious and contagious. It 
 is also contracted by adults. The disease afifects the parotid glands back 
 of the jaw and below the ear and is accompanied by mild symptoms which, 
 unfortunately, are often not severe enough to be noticed until the person has 
 taken cold and serious results follow. It occurs oftenest between the fourth 
 and fifteenth years or before puberty. One attack protects a person from the 
 second. 
 
 Causes. — Mumps is usually conveyed from one person to another and is 
 contagious from beginning to end of the attack. 
 
 Symptoms. — The glands back of the jaw are swollen which gives the 
 patient a broad appearance at and under the ears and prevents his chewing 
 anything solid. The pain lasts for some days, usually about a week. The 
 attack comes on from three to twenty-five days after exposure and the average 
 is fifteen days. The pain is greatly increased by moving the jaws or by 
 taking sour things like pickles and vinegar into the mouth. 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 55 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Caution or " What Not to Do." — Above all things do not take cold. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment.— Anoint the parotid glands back of the jaws twice 
 daily with warm oil of henbane and cover with cotton. Keep the bowels 
 open. If the swelling goes to the breasts, ovaries or scrotum give aconite 
 in full doses of from 1 to 5 drops every 1 to 3 hours and citrate 6i potash in 
 full doses, 10 to 30 grains every three hours, for the kidneys. Rest is a neces- 
 sity. Put a bandage on the scrotum to hold it up. Apply hot boiled beans 
 to the scrotum as a poultice. This is very good and I have often used it for 
 this trouble. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Mercurius Sol., 3rd trituration. Give one 
 tablet every 1 to 3 hours. If the swelling goes to the scrotum give the 3rd 
 dilution of Pulsatilla, two teaspoonfuls of the prepared solution, every 1 to 3 
 hours. (See " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing Department.) 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — ^Usually the only danger in this disease is from the 
 complications. Do not take cold. Remain in the house. Drink milk and 
 live on liquid foods. In women, if the swelling goes to the breasts or ovaries, 
 apply hot fomentations of hops. Renew them often and keep them hot. If 
 the pain is great you can put from % to 1 teaspoonful of laudanum in the 
 steaming cloth. You need not use the laudanum every time but about once 
 every 2 or 3 hours. Generally the heat and moisture will ease the pain. 
 In men, if the swelling goes down to the testicles or scrotum, boil some 
 beans thoroughly, apply as a poultice and keep on for days. Of course 
 it is to be applied hot. The beans hold the heat and moisture longer than 
 hops and are thus particularly good for this purpose. 
 
 After Effects. — If one takes cold during an attack of mumps the swell- 
 ing will go to the testicles or scrotum in men and to the breasts or ovaries in 
 women. This is a very serious and painful result and sometimes is never 
 fully recovered from. Every precaution should be taken that the patient 
 does not take cold and especially if the patient be an adult. The author was 
 once called to treat a man sixty years of age who had been very careless 
 and taken cold so that the swelling " went down " on him. As a result a clot 
 of blood lodged in the brain causing partial paralysis and entire loss of 
 speech. As he gradually got better his speech came back slowly. He would 
 say " he " meaning " she " and though his wife's name was " Alice " he per- 
 sisted in calling her " Cora." Even after recovery, on damp days and at cer- 
 tain tim.es when a little excited, he would partially lose his speech again. 
 One cannot be too careful about taking cold during an attack of mumps. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Hot Herb Teas. — If the swelling is painful produce sweating by plac- 
 ing the feet in hot water and drinking teas of catnip, spearmint, balm or 
 pennyroyal. The bowels should be kept open with epsom salts or castor oil. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The above is a good treatment as the sweating 
 relieves some of the congestion. 
 
 2. Liniment. — An excellent application is a liniment made by mixing 
 two ounces of alcohol with an ounce each of gum camphor, oil of sassafras, 
 spirits of hartshorn, castile soap sind spirits of turpentine. 
 
 3. Poultices. — If the swelling goes to the testicles or breasts, produce 
 sweating and apply to the affected parts poultices of equal parts of hops 
 
56 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 and stramonium leaves made with hot water. Chamomile flowers also make 
 a good poultice for this purpose. 
 
 CHICKEN-POX. 
 
 Description. — This is an acute infectious disease usually occurring in 
 children under ten years of age and seldom after puberty. 
 
 Cause. — It is caused by infection or taking the germs into the system. 
 
 Symptoms. — Fever usually lasts from twenty-four to forty-eight hours 
 and during this time the pimples appear first upon the exposed parts of the 
 body such as the forehead, face, and hands and then upon the chest and 
 back. There may be only a few. or there may be hundreds. These pimples 
 are first red, then a clear liquid forms and this later usually turns to a yel- 
 lowish color and then they break and dry up leaving no scars unless the}' 
 are very large or have been irritated by scratching. The patient is usually 
 well in a week but red spots where the pimples have been remain much longer. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 "What to Do." — After the liquid has formed in the pimples the large ones 
 on the face should be pricked and washed twice daily with boric acid solution, 
 using half an ounce of boric acid to a pint of boiled water. 
 
 " What Not to Do." — Do not let the patient scratch the sores. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Hot Teas. — Keep the patient in the house and but little medicine is 
 required. Give salifron, pennyroyal, sage or catnip tea and open the bowels 
 with a seidlitz powder. -• 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Saffron acts on the bowels, pennyroyal causes 
 sweating and sage is a tonic. These teas bring out the eruption. 
 
 2. Talcxun Powder. — Apply talcum powder to relieve the itching. 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 Variola. 
 
 Description. — This is an acute infectious disease affecting the entire 
 body but showing itself chiefly upon the skin and more particularly upon 
 the face and forearms as an eruptive skin disease which first appears as 
 spots which turn to pimples, then to watery pimples, then to pus pimples 
 and finally to a hollowed out place in the skin. The disease existed many 
 centuries before the time of Christ. 
 
 Cause. — It is taken by coming in contact with or near those who have 
 it and is caused by the infection entering the system. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The disease usually comes on from five to twenty days 
 after exposure, as a rule about twelve days, then the symptoms develop as 
 in many other acute diseases. Headache and backache are the most promi- 
 nent symptoms and they are peculiar and very severe. This peculiar head- 
 ache and backache are characteristic of this disease and their intensity is 
 very significant. There may also be chills and pain in the region of the 
 stomach. 
 
 The Fever. — The fever is usually high from the beginning and it may 
 reach 104 degrees in twenty-four hours and in forty-eight hours it may be 
 at 105 or 106 degrees and remain about this high until the eruption appears. 
 Then it speedily falls to 99 degrees in moderate cases and to 100 degrees in 
 
7,»?!^P|rw»!Wl|IBJ!WWlJ!pWS.» 
 
 / 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 57 
 
 running cases. It then runs at about this temperature until the pus begins to 
 form when the secondary fever develops which rises to 103 or even 104 degrees 
 but falls back and again rises one or two degrees many times and gradually 
 ends so that by the end of about twelve days there is no fever. It is some- 
 times difficult to distinguish between small-pox and other diseases. Chicken- 
 pox and measles are sometimes mistaken for it and sometimes small-pox 
 is mistaken for these diseases. It is also sometimes mistaken for a mild case 
 of typhoid fever. A person seldom takes the small-pox more than once. 
 The pulse is rapid and often as high as 120. 
 
 The Eruption. — In the majority of cases the true small-pox eruption ap- 
 pears on the third day. At first the eruption may be very scanty and perhaps 
 there are but one or two spots on the face, hand or forearm. It usually 
 appears first on the exposed parts. In other instances the spots are very 
 numerous on the face, the front surfaces of the forearms and on the trunk. 
 These are the parts that are particularly likely to show the first signs of the 
 eruption. In still other cases the surface of the body is sound and the 
 mucous membrane in the mouth and back part of the throat is affected. 
 The parts that are affected the least are the chest and the back surfaces of 
 the legs and arms. 
 
 The eruption then proceeds very rapidly through five stages. For the 
 first few hours very small, bright red spots are present which disappear upon 
 pressvire. They soon become hard and raise up and form pimples. About 
 twenty-four hours after the appearance of the eruption the pimple begins to 
 show a tiny red watery point on its top and this rapidly develops so that 
 by the fourth or fifth day of the rash the pimple contains a fluid. On about 
 the fifth or sixth day the center of the pimple is slightly sunken. The 
 fluid now becomes cloudy and " mattery " and the surface of the pimple or 
 pock gradually loses its sunken form and by the seventh or eighth day aftei 
 eruption the pimple has become a pus-pimple and by the tenth day is raised 
 or dome-like and- surrounded by redness. In from twenty-four to forty-eighi 
 hours the matter escapes, dries, and forms a dirty looking scab from which 
 there comes a distinct odor. Sometimes the pus-pimple does not break but 
 simply dries up and when the scab falls off it leaves a red or pink hollow in 
 the skin which is afterwards called a pock mark. In small-pox when you 
 draw your hand over the pimples, and particularly on the forehead, they 
 feel hardened as though there was gun-shot under the skin. This is one way 
 to distinguish small-pox from other diseases. The rash does not all dis- 
 appear at once. On some parts of the body there may be watery pimples 
 while on other parts there are pus-pimples. 
 
 TREATMENT.^-The treatment is good nursing and nourishing food. 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — Vaccination. (See this subject following.) 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — For the intense itching apply carron oil and, if nec- 
 essary, add to it one per cent, of carbolic acid. Carron oil is made by taking 
 equal parts of lime water and sweet oil. 
 
 For the great pain in the hands and feet and other thick parts hot poultices 
 may be applied or prolonged hand and foot baths of lukewarm water may 
 be employed. Also an ointment of one dram of aristol and one ounce of vase- 
 line may be used. 
 
 Dressing for the Face. — Use a mask with holes cut in it for the nose 
 and mouth. On the inner side of this mask should be placed a thin linseed 
 
58 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 meal poultice and over this should be smeared vaseline containing iodoform. 
 This should be changed every two hours. The vaseline aids greatly in sepa- 
 rating the crusts and leaves the skin free for the application of the dressing 
 which tends to prevent ulceration and the formation of scars. 
 
 Mouth.— jRinse the mouth with boric acid solution using one teaspoonful 
 of boric acid to four ounces of water. When the mouth is very dry use 
 flaxseed tea sweetened with a little white sugar and made a little tart with 
 lemon juice. 
 
 Pocks. — Do not open the pocks with a needle or knife. Use the above 
 application. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Cream of Tartar. — As a preventive, when small-pox is in a neighbor- 
 hood, frequently take a little cream of tartar dissolved in water. Use an ounce 
 to a half a glass of water. Some remarkable testimonials have been received 
 regarding cream of tartar as a preventive of small-pox, some even claiming it 
 to be also a cure. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — As a physician I cannot see how cream of tartar 
 can cure this disease. It is a mild laxative and affects the blood and kidneys 
 and by keeping the bowels open, the blood in good condition and the kid- 
 neys in good working order a person will be more healthy and more able to 
 resist the attacks of any disease. 
 
 VARIOLOID. 
 
 There are several very mild forms of small-pox and of these varioloid 
 is the most frequent. By varioloid we usually mean small-pox occurring 
 in a person who has been successfully vaccinated but it may also occur 
 in a person who is not naturally susceptible to small-pox. Hence, varioloid 
 and small-pox are one and the same disease, the former being merely a milder 
 form than the latter. 
 
 VACCINATION. 
 
 Method. — ^Wash th? skin on the arm or leg with soap and water and 
 alcohol. Take off the outer skin (epidermis) from a small place but do not 
 cause much bleeding. Upon this spot put the vaccine point and gently 
 rub it into the part and let dry before putting the clothing on again. Mica 
 shields are now generally placed over the vaccination, to protect it from dirt 
 and clothing. Glycerinated vaccine lymph is very good and is put up in 
 srriall glass tubes. Vaccine is taken from the belly of the cow. 
 
 Symptoms. — Three or four days after vaccination the part looks red and 
 this redness increases and there is developed a red pimple which turns to a 
 vesicle or contains a fluid. This increases in size and by the eighth day is 
 fully developed. The redness may extend on all sides for a considerable 
 distance. The spot is painful and the neighboring glands may be swollen 
 and tender, particularly the gland or kernel under the arm if it is thp arm 
 that has been vaccinated. About the tenth day the patient may have a 
 slight rise in temperature and suffer some from chills and a tired feeling. 
 Sometimes red spots develop over the body. On about the eleventh or 
 
SMALL- POX. 
 (Taken at Ann Arbor, Mich., especially for this Ijook.) 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 59 
 
 twelfth day these symptoms begin to lessen and the pimple or vesicle begins 
 to dry up and is completely dried up by about the end of the fifteenth day. 
 The crust is dark red in color and thin at its edges and in the center. A 
 pink spot is left after the scab falls off and this gradually fades and leaves 
 a pitted mark. Some cases are very mild but some are quite severe. 
 
 Secondary Vaccination. — Vaccination the second time does not generally 
 take so well or is not so severe. If one trial fails it should be tried three 
 times. Children should always be vaccinated during the first year of life; 
 or, if exposed to small-pox, they should be vaccinated immediately after 
 birth. 
 
 Should We Vaccinate. — Vaccination is certainly a preventive of small- 
 pox. If a person has been exposed to small-pox that person should imme- 
 diately be vaccinated. It may be too late then to prevent the small-pox 
 but the case will be much lighter. Personally, I believe in vaccination and 
 have been vaccinated a number of times myself. However, I must say that 
 it has a bad effect upon some people. When small-pox is in the neighborhood, 
 if vaccination is ordered for the school children by the authorities, I would 
 advise you to see a good, conscientious physician and have him examine your 
 child to see that it is in condition to stand vaccination. Almost any one can 
 undergo vaccination without serious trouble if he is in good condition and 
 the vaccination is done in a clean manner and with pure material. Everything 
 must be done in a thoroughly clean manner and you must use pure vaccine. 
 Do not get the cheap material but buy it from a reliable firm. I like the 
 lymph the better because it is more likely to be pure. Take care of yourself 
 after vaccination and do not take cold. In most cases where there are bad 
 results I believe it is due either to uncleanliness in vaccination or to taking cold 
 afterwards. A doctor should not come into your home from tying his horse 
 or even from walking and begin to scrape or cut for vaccination without first 
 thoroughly washing his hands and boiling his instruments in water. Great 
 attention should be paid to cleanliness if you would avoid serious results. 
 
 GRIP. 
 La Grippe, Influenza. 
 Description. — The " grip " is produced by a germ and is highly infec- 
 tious. Epidemics of it occurred in 1830-33, 1836-37, 1847-48 and 1889-90. 
 
 Causes. — The germs are usually taken into the system either directly 
 from one who has the disease or through the air. At certain times the 
 atmosphere seems more favorable for the growth and spreading of the germs 
 than at other times. 
 
 Sjrmptoms. — The grip develops in from twenty-four to seventy-two hours 
 after exposure and it usually begins suddenly and with chilliness or severe 
 chills followed by severe aching pains in the back and in the legs. The 
 nostrils are inflamed and the fever generally is from 103 to 105 degrees. 
 The patient looks and feels very sick. About this time symptoms appear 
 showing that other parts are affected. Most frequently the respiratory, or 
 breathing, system is affected and in addition to more or less inflammation 
 of the membrane of the nose an acute bronchitis or cold on the lungs 
 develops with a great deal of coughing and sore chest or lungs. The patient 
 is very much depressed or in low spirits and sometimes pneumonia, pleurisy, 
 
60 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 or heart trouble develops. The stomach and bowels and whole nervous 
 system are often affected. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Do not take cold or expose yourself to those who have it. 
 
 Go to bed and stay there if you can. Even a robust man who fails to 
 rest almost always suffers from a severe attack of grip or from its results 
 and he may be made an invalid for weeks. 
 
 What to Do." — Go to bed. take hot drinks and sweat freely. 
 
 " What Not to Do." — Do not take cold after sweating and do not get out 
 of bed too soon or some of the serious after effects may be the result. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Little medicine is needed. 
 
 For the Aching. — Salicin is a very useful drug for the aching back and 
 limbs. Give five grains in a capsule every five hours. It may be com- 
 bined with two grains of quinine at a dose. Dovers powders are also good 
 for the aching. Give from two to ten grains twice a day. 
 
 For the Bowels, — Keep the bowels and kidneys open. Take seidlitz 
 powders for the bowels or citrate of magnesium if there is bad constipation. 
 
 For the Kidneys. — If the urine is acid give five grains of citrate of potash 
 ever)' four hours in plenty of water. If the urine is alkaline, give a five- 
 grain capsule of benzoate of ammonia in the same way. 
 
 For the Bronchitis or Coughing. — If the mucus is tough and thick give 
 five grains of chloride of ammonia four times a day with % grain of codeme 
 or 1/24 grain of heroin. This is for coughing in an adult. For persistent 
 cough give five-drop doses of oil of sandal wood four times a day. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Put ten or fifteen drops of the second dilu- 
 tion of Aconite into a glass half full of water and give two teaspoonfuls every 
 hour. This is for the first stages when there is a sore throat and a hot and 
 dry skin. Gelsemium ; first dilution. Put ten or fifteen drops into half a 
 glass of water and give two teaspoonfuls every half hour or every hour. This 
 is used more frequently for grip than the Aconite. It is for the tired and 
 languid feeling and for the aching. Sometimes the third dilution of 
 Belladonna is used. It is to be prepared the same as the Aconite or Gel- 
 semium. For painful coughing use the second dilution of Byronia prepared 
 and used the same way. For a tight cough use the third dilution of Phos- 
 phorus in the same way. 
 
 Nursing and Diet — Give the corn sweat, hot drinks and lots of water. 
 The corn sweat is described in the Nursing Department. The diet should 
 consist of nourishing foods. A good thing to do when you feel the grip 
 coming on is to go to bed and stay there for a few days. First take a good 
 hot foot bath and at the same time drink a lot of hot drinks such as hot 
 teas or hot lemonade. Take a good sweat, either the corn swe^t or by putting 
 hot water bottles or hot bricks about you in the bed. After you are about 
 through sweating have some one bathe you with warm watei- using either 
 a sponge or cloth. This can be done under the bed clothes so that you do 
 not take cold. After the sweat change^ the bed covers and night clothes. 
 You can have all the cold water you wish if you drink it often and but a 
 little at a time. The hot drinks are better used while taking the sweat. 
 Open the bowels with salts or castor oil. If necessary, use sweet spirits 
 of nitre for the kidneys. A teaspoonful may be given every three or four 
 hours. Buchu tea or pumpkin seed tea is also good for the kidneys. If 
 
INFECTIOUS AlSfD CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 61 
 
 you sweat very much you "are not likely to pass much urine for a few hours. 
 Be careful to keep covered after the sweat and remain in bed or, if this is 
 impossible, you should at least remain in a warm room all the next day. 
 If the throat is sore gargle with some of the simple remedies found in this 
 book. Salt, pepper and vinegar make a good gargle and sage tea with a little 
 honey in it is also good. 
 
 I was hurriedly called to see a farmer friend one night. He had a hard 
 chill with pain in his lungs and hard and difficult breathing. He had an 
 attack of " grip " and I was afraid it would run into pneumonia and so I 
 directed that he be given a " Corn Sweat " as I have described in the Nurs- 
 ing Department. The patient agreed with me that this saved him many 
 diays of sickness. This is a splendid aid in such inflammatory diseases and 
 I freely recommend it in all such cases in the early stage when sweating is 
 necessary. ' • 
 
 After Effects. — Sometimes pneumonia and pleurisy go with grip and it 
 is often followed by lung, heart and kidney disorders. So take care of your- 
 self during an attack of grip. Do not take a cold and do not get out of bed 
 too soon. One should not over-exert himself until fully recovered. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1 Quinine and Capsicum. — Mix twelve grains of sulphate of quinine and 
 three grains of powdered capsicum, divide into twelve pills or capsules and 
 take one every three hours. 
 
 2. Sweating Remedy. — Put the patient to bed and surround him with 
 hot bricks or irons until the sweat pours from him. Keep the patient in 
 bed until all moisture is gone and stay in a warm room until well. Allow 
 plenty of fresh air but avoid sitting 'where the breeze will strike you. 
 
 3. Corn Sweat. — Take a corn sweat. (The corn sweat has been de- 
 scribed in the Nursing Department, so will not be repeated here.) 
 
 4. Mustard Water, Lemonade and Rochelle Salts. — At night bathe the 
 feet in warm mustard water and drink freely of lemonade. If there is fever 
 take the lemonade cold. In the morning take a dose of rochelle salts. 
 
 5. Hot Teas. — If the case is severe the patient should go to bed and 
 hot water bottles should be placed at the sides and feet. Also drink penny- 
 royal, peppermint or sage tea. 
 
 6. Vinegar, Honey and Cayenne Pepper. — For the sore throat and 
 cough use the following : vinegar, 1 teacupful ; honey, % teacupful ; cayenne, 
 1 teaspoonful; simmer together for a few minutes and when cool give a 
 teaspoonful whenever the cough is troublesome. 
 
 7. Mullein, Flaxseed and Slippery Elm Teas. — Produce sweating by 
 bathing the fe^t in hot water and drinking warm lemonade or a tea made 
 of mullein, flaxseed or slippery elm. Take a mild cathartic. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — These sweating remedies aid by helping to throw 
 off the poison from the system. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS— CEREBRO-SPINAL FEVER- 
 SPOTTED FEVER. 
 
 Description. — ^This is an acute infectious disease, often malignant, but 
 not contagious. It runs a rapid course and it is characterized by the muscles 
 
62 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 of the back being drawn tight and rigid and a sort of ' inflammation of 
 the membrane which covers the brain and spinal cord, causing a liquid de- 
 posit. It affects children and young people most frequently. It is doubtful 
 if it is taken by one patient from another. \ 
 
 Cause. — Caused by a germ. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— 
 
 Moderate Form. — There is a sudden chill which may be preceded 
 by headache and dizziness. The headache rapidly becomes severe and 
 there is also severe pain in the back and down the back of the thighs, the 
 muscles of which are often drawn and fixed. The fever which follows 
 the chill is usually moderate, generally about 102 degrees. As the disease 
 develops the muscles of the back also become tense and hard and likewise 
 those of the neck and arms and finally they become almost rigid and drawn 
 so tightly that the patient may bend backwards. 
 
 Malignant Form. — This comes on very suddenly. The chill is followed 
 by headache, unconsciousness, convulsions and death. The patient is over- 
 whelmed by the poison. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment is very unsatisfactory. The injection of 
 a certain serum is now being used with good results in a number of cases. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Chloral hydrate may be given in doses for adults 
 of 20 grains by the mouth or* 60 grains as an injection, in starch water. 
 The excessive pain may be relieved by giving from l^ to % grain of mor- 
 phine by the mouth. Apply an ice bag or anything cold to the neck and back. 
 Relief from the severe pain may be had in some cases by putting the pafient 
 for a long time in a hot bath. Either plain or salt water may be used and 
 it should be at the temperature of about 99 or 100 degrees. 
 
 Homeopathic. — Put ten or 15 drops of the second dilution of Aconite 
 into half a glass of water and give two teaspoonfuls every hour. This is to 
 be used at the beginning of the attack and later use the second dilution of 
 Bryonia in the same way. 
 
 ERYSIPELAS. 
 
 Description. — ^This is an acute infectious disease. It is an inflammation 
 of the skin and tissue beneath. 
 
 Causes. — It is caused by a specific agent and may be carried to another 
 by the poison coming in contact with a sore or break in the skin. Some 
 people take the disease very easily. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^The skin is bright red and swollen and the disease may 
 last from one to two weeks. In the majority of cases it affects the skin of the 
 face, the cheek, near the ear or about the corners of the nose. A tingling is 
 first felt which speedily becomes an intense burning and is made worse 
 by rubbing and scratching. At the beginning of the attack, people who have 
 not had it before may think they have been stung by some insect or perhaps 
 they may think they have been scratched by something. If it keeps on spread- 
 ing ariy one should know what it is. It is a disease that will bear close 
 watching especially when it is around the face. It spreads very rapidly and 
 by the end of twenty-four hours, or even before, there is a sharp Mne mark- 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. C3 
 
 ing the boundary of the affected parts so that you can tell distinctly where it 
 begins and leaves off. This is characteristic of the disease. The face, and 
 especially the ears, when affected become very much swollen. Sometimes 
 blisters form. There is little or much chilliness according to how severe 
 the case is. There is sometimes high fever, a rapid pulse, great weakness 
 and delirium. The severity of these symptoms varies a great deal in different 
 cases. Erysipelas is a dangerous disease when it occurs in people suffering 
 with some chronic disease like liver trouble or Bright's disease. It should 
 always be watched carefully when it gets near the ears. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — A person who has once had erysipelas is very likely to 
 take it again and should not come near a person who has it. 
 
 To prevent its spreading I have often painted the healthy skin half an 
 inch away with tincture of iodine. Of course iodine discolors the skin and 
 when used on the face often leaves marks. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — If the bowels are not active they should be 
 moved freely with a two grain dose of calomel followed in twelve hours with 
 a seidlitz powder or half an ounce of rochelle salts. Then give ten drops 
 of the tincture of chloride of iron every three hours. This should be well 
 diluted with water and should be given through a tube as it will injure 
 the teeth if it comes in contact with them. As a local treatment an oint- 
 ment made of equal parts of ichthyol and either lard or lanolin may be 
 smeared over the inflamed parts and the healthy skin nearby. Also 
 smear this ointment on a mask made of giauze or lint and apply to the parts 
 so that the effect will continue longer. A good quality of either brandy or 
 whiskey may be used internally if necessary. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — For the bright redness and throbbing head- 
 ache give the third dilution of Belladonna. Put ten to fifteen drops into 
 half a glass of water and give two teaspoonfuls every one to two hours. If 
 there are many watery pimples and much swelling prepare and give the 
 sixth dilution of Rhus. Tox. in the same way. If the urine burns give the 
 third dilution of Cantharis in same manner. If there is a swollen, puffed 
 skin, pain in passing urine and trouble with the kidneys give the third tri- 
 turation of Apis. Mel. Give one tablet every hour. A cranberry poultice is 
 good when applied locally. 
 
 As illustrating the result of carelessness in treating erysipelas I will 
 relate an incident that occurred in my early practice. I was called to see 
 an Irishman by the name of " Murphy." Mr. Murphy, in his peculiar dialect- 
 which I shall not attempt to imitate said, " Doctor, I have a bad cough." 
 " So I see/' I replied. " And I feel real sick and feverish." " Yes," I said, 
 "but what are those scales on your face and ears?" "Oh, I had erysipelas 
 but a ' pow wow ' person cured that. The erysipelas is all right since the pow 
 wowing drove it away but my cough bothers me. Give me something for- 
 that." I gave him soriie medicine and on my visit next day the cough was 
 gone. Mr. Murphy said, " My cough is gone, doctor, but look at my bloom- 
 ing face and ears." It was as I had suspected. The erysipelas had "gone in " 
 and that was what caused the cough. The medicine I had given him was to 
 bring out the eruption again and this cured the cough. Mr. Murphy then 
 depended upon the doctor to cure the erysipelas which the "pow wow" 
 person had merely driven in. 
 
64 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Chalk, Magnesia, Soda; also Catnip, Boneset and Tansy Tea. — For 
 
 the sour stomach give chalk, magnesia or soda. The vapor bath will give 
 relief when the eruption appears. If on the face or head steam the parts 
 over a decoction of catnip, boneset or tansy, several times daily. 
 
 3. Cranberry Poultice. — Boil a quart of cranberries until soft, mix with 
 flour and apply to the parts. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This relieves the pain and burning and is one of 
 the best local remedies known. 
 
 3. For the Burning and Itching. — To relieve the burning and itching 
 add a little vinegar to equal parts of blood root and tincture of lobelia and 
 apply three times a day; or, a decoction of mayweed and smartweed may be 
 applied cold; or, apply rye meal, powdered starch or a tea made of buck- 
 wheat meal. 
 
 4. Weak Lye Water. — Bathe the parts once a day in weak lye water. 
 
 5. Blue Flag, Yellow Dock, Bittersweet, Burdock, Sassafras and Elder 
 Flowers. — Take one ounce each of coarsely powdered blue flag root, yellow 
 dock root, bittersweet root, burdock root and sassafras bark and add two 
 ounces of elder flowers and three quarts of boiling water* Cover and let 
 steep for twenty-four hours; then press and strain and take a wineglassful 
 three times a day. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is good for the blood, especially for chrome 
 troubles. 
 
 6. Mustard. — If the disease should be driven in rub the affected parts 
 with mustard and immerse the whole body in hot water. 
 
 I. Tallow, Lard, Cold Cream, Flaxseed, Slippery Elm Bark. — Remedy 
 the burning by applying tallow, lard or cold cream. A mucilage made of 
 either flaxseed or slippery elm bark will do as well. 
 
 8. Tea made from Bark of Burr Oak. — With a tea made from the inner 
 bark of the burr oak tree make a bread poultice and apply to the parts. 
 
 9. Lemon Juice and Brandy.-r-Add the juice of two lemons to a gill 
 of brandy apd keep the affected parts well moistened. If this is too strong 
 a gill of water may be added. Sometimes drinking lemonade is beneficial. 
 
 10. Hot Milk. — Apply hot milk or hot buttermilk to the parts. Gly- 
 cerine applied several times a day is also good. 
 
 II. Flour. — Flour dusted upon the parts sometimes gives relief. 
 
 13. Poke Berry Poultice. — Mash a handful of poke berry roots in a pint 
 of sweet milk and apply to the inflamed parts. A lady in Indiana says she 
 has never known this remedy to fail and she has tried it several times. 
 
 13. Starch and Flour. — Keep the parts covered with powdered starch 
 or scorched flour. This is to shield it from the air and light. 
 
 14. Cleaver's Root Tea. — For internal use make a tea of cleaver's root 
 and take from two to four ounces three or four times a day. This tea is 
 made by steeping 1% ounces of the herb in a pint of boiling water. 
 
 15. Herb Tea.— At the beginning of the disease make a tea by steeping 
 equal parts of cleaver's root, maiden hair and elder blows in warm water for 
 two or three hours. When cold it may be drank freely . 
 
 16. Buttermilk.— Dip a cloth into buttermilk and apply to the parts. 
 
 17. Salt and Vinegar.-" Bathe the parts frequently with salt and vine- 
 gar," writes a lady from Columbus, Ohio. 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 65 
 
 ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATISM— ACUTE ARTICULAR 
 RHEUMATISM— ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER. 
 
 Description. — This disease occurs most frequently in the cool, damp 
 months. It most often occurs between the ages of twenty and thirty-five 
 years and seldom after the forty-fifth year. It does not often occur in children. 
 Males are affected more than females. It was formerly thought that the 
 disease was due to too much uric acid in the blood but this belief is now los- 
 ing ground and it is thought the infection gets into the general system 
 through the tonsils. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease usually comes on suddenly. The patient may 
 awake to find one or more of his larger joints very much inflamed and that 
 any movement causes great pain. The part may be so sensitive to the touch 
 as to prevent any examination by touching or handling. The skin over the 
 parts is dusky and quite piiffy and hotter than other parts. There is fever, 
 the tongue is coated, the bowels constipated and the skin hot and dry or 
 bathed with a sticky sweat with a bad odor. This sweating does not relieve 
 the patient. There is not much water passed and what there is looks like 
 coffee. The inflammation quickly spreads to other joints and may go 
 through the joints of the whole body one or more times. The joints that 
 were first affected are generally a little easier when the inflammation goes 
 to other joints. After a person has had an attack of inflammatory rheuma- 
 tism he is more subject to it than before. The disease may last only a week 
 and it may last for months. It is terribly painful and requires more than 
 the patience of Job to bear the suffering without the use of words that 
 would not look well in print. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Do not catch cold in any way. A person should not 
 come in from work or exercise all heated and sit down in a draught to cocvl 
 off. Do not get the feet and limbs wet and then neglect to change your cloth- 
 ing. Some people go around all day at work or sit in school all day with 
 wet shoes and stockings and then wonder why they have rheumatism. One 
 who has once had the disease should be especially careful about these things 
 for he will be more subject to it than before. Do not sleep in a " spare bed " 
 without first thoroughly airing and drying the bed clothes. One who is 
 subject to rheumatism should always sleep upstairs as it is not so likely to 
 be damp as are the rooms which are on the first floor. All these things should 
 be carefully looked after for rheumatism is more easily prevented than cured, 
 
 " What to Do." — Drink large quantities of water. Give nutritious foods 
 and good nursing. 
 
 " What Not to Do." — Do not be cross with the patient. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Give salicylate of soda in five to ten-grain doses 
 from 3 to 6 times daily. Larger doses may sometimes be used or smaller 
 doses may be given more often. This medicine is very effective but fre- 
 quently the stomach will not stand it. Give it in capsules and follow with 
 large quantities of water or milk to prevent its irritating the stomach. To 
 prevent heart trouble, from four to six small fly blisters may be placed 
 <^ver the heart. While giving the salicylate of soda give forty grains of 
 common baking soda in each twenty-four hours. If the salicylate of soda 
 does not begin to help in four or five days you should stop using it and 
 
 6 
 
66 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 give ten drops of wine of colchicum root and fifteen grains of iodide of 
 potassium three times daily. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — During the whole course of the disease use the 
 second dilution of Aconite. Put ten to fifteen drops into h^lf a glass of water 
 and take two teaspoonfuls at -a dose. Alternate this every hour with one 
 of the following medicines according to the symptoms. These medicines 
 should be prepared the same as the Aconite. If there is a throbbing pain 
 in head and the parts are red use the third dilution of Belladonna with the 
 Aconite. If any motion makes the person worse use the second dilution of 
 Bryonia. If the patient is better after moving a little but restless when 
 quiet use the sixth dilution of Rhus. Tox. If the patient is very restless 
 and thirsty use the third trituration of Arsenicum. As before stated, one of 
 these, according to the symptoms, is to be alternated with the Aconite: 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Nursing is an important factor in this disease but 
 there are few nurses who have the required patience. Remember that the 
 patient is suffering intense pain. Sometimes moist applications to the joints 
 aid in easing the pain. Again, binding the exposed parts with cotton batting 
 is good. The feet and hands may be covered with this. Even the iar of 
 your walking on the floor hurts the patient, so when you try to lift him 
 be very careful about it and do not lose patience if he gets angry. I have 
 had inflammatory rheumatism myself and know that the pain is agonizing. 
 You need plenty of pillows to put under and around the patient. Arrange 
 and rearrange them to suit the patient and do not be angry if you do not 
 suit him the first time. There is only one that can and must have patience 
 and that is the nurse. The sick one is suffering too much to think about 
 patience. Keep visitors out and the patient will rest and sleep better. See 
 that the bowels move every day and that the kidneys work well. Give 
 plenty of water. Watch the heart and if you see the bed clothes shaking 
 from its hard beating it is then time to give heart remedies. I never like 
 to give opiates during this disease for sometimes they affect the heart so 
 as to hide the symptoms that show its condition. 
 
 In the first year of my practice I was taken with inflammatory rheu- . 
 matism in January. In April we moved into a large brick house with closed 
 blinds and surrounded by shade trees. I had no time to recover entirely 
 from the rheumatism. In the summer I would come into the house sweat- 
 ing and sit down and of course became stififer and stiffer with the rheumatism. 
 The house was cool, damp and musty but very pleasant after being out in 
 the hot sun. We finally decided I could not get better in this place and so 
 left it. It was a damp house but the admittance of sunshine through 
 open windows and care on my part would have made me well. I was a 
 victim of my own carelessness. A damp, musty, cold house with the sun- 
 shine and air shut out will help along any case of rheumatism. This disease 
 flourishes on such treatment. Get into the air and sunshine and sleep up- 
 stairs in a warm room, you rheumatic people. Most of our ills are of our 
 own making and yet we wonder how such things can be. If we will, we 
 can generally find the cause of our ailments in our own carelessness. 
 
 After Effects.— The cause of death in this disease is generally the heart 
 trouble which it brings on. Disease of the valves and muscles of the heart 
 and of the membrane surrounding it (pericardium) is often the result of this 
 disease. The heart should be carefully watched both during and after an 
 attack of inflammatory rheumatism. 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 6V 
 
 DYSENTERY. 
 Bloody Flux. 
 
 Description. — The disease is characterized by diarrhea, pain in the ab- 
 domen and the presence of mucus in the stools. 
 
 Causes. — Getting wet and taking cold, improper food and poor drinking 
 water. 
 
 Symptoms. — Sometimes it comes on suddenly and sometimes it develops 
 gradually from diarrhoea. One feels wretched and in the first stages often 
 has griping pains in the abdomen. After a time the stools become scanty 
 and are mostly liquid or mucus and often there is passing of blood. The 
 griping pains become more severe and there is intense straining at stool which 
 causes the patient to break out in a profuse sweat. There is a constant de- 
 sire to have the bowels move and there is also difiiculty and pain in passing 
 urine. The tongue is foul and dry. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Use boiled water in hot weather and eat properly cooked 
 foods. Avoid cold and wet and see that there is proper drainage. 
 
 " What to Do." — Find out the cause if possible and remove that. Look to 
 the diet and the drinking water. Give a laxative to remove irritating ma- 
 terial from the bowels. Remain quiet during the attack. 
 
 " What Not to Do." — Do not eat anything during the attack if you can 
 avoid it. Do not drink unboiled water. Do not strain at stool. Do not 
 get wet or take cold. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Give intestinal antiseptics. Salol is good when 
 given in five-grain doses three times a day. Subnitrate of bismuth may be 
 given in from five to ten-grain doses every three hours. A good combina- 
 tion is powdered ipecac and opium, % dram ; subnitrate of bismuth, % ounce ; 
 and salol, % dram. Mix all thoroughly and make twelve powders and give 
 one every two hours. Give injections high up in the bowels. Sometimes 
 an injection of sulphocarbolate of zinc is good. Use twenty grains in a pint 
 of water. A fountain syringe should be used. Oil of fireweed every three 
 hours is also good. Give five drops on a lump of sugar. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — For the griping and straining give the third 
 trituration of Mercurius Sol. The dose is one tablet every two to three 
 hours. If the griping and straining are severe give the third trituration 
 of Mercurius Cor., in the same way. If there is great thirst and restlessness 
 and watery, bloody and burning stools give the third trituration of Arseni- 
 cum in the same way. The Mercurius Sol. is generally the one to be given 
 in the first stages. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — First find out what the patient has been eating to 
 cause the attack and avoid it. I first like to give something to get rid of 
 all putrid food in the bowels. Give half an ounce of castor oil to an adult 
 or a teaspoonful to a baby. It will push out all irritating matter from 
 the bowels and will frequently stop the worst attack and you can then give 
 your medicines. Spiced syrup of rhubarb is a pleasant medicine for those 
 who cannot take the castor oil. Oil of fireweed in five-drop doses on a little 
 sugar, for an adult, is" very good when given four hours after the castor oil 
 or the rhubarb is taken. You can give this every three hours if necessary. 
 
«S8 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Do not feed any solid foods and give nothing at all if possible. If something 
 is necessary give hot water or egg albumen or hot diluted milk. Barley 
 water,, oatmeal water or rice water is good. Directions for making these 
 will be found in the Nursing Department. Lime water mixed with the 
 milk is good. Sometimes blackberry wine does good. It is a little astringent 
 and is also a food. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Castor Oil and Paregoric — Flaxseed or Slippery Elm Tea. — If the 
 case is not severe give a teaspoonful of castor oil and two teaspoonfuls o> 
 paregoric once a day. Flaxseed or slippery elm tea may be drank. It is 
 also well to inject the bowels with starch water with half a teaspoonful ol 
 laudanum in it. 
 
 2. Golden Seal. — A tea made of golden seal is an excellent injection 
 ior chronic dysentery. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — In large doses golden seal is constipating and it is 
 a tonic to the membranes of the intestines. 
 
 3. Blackberries. — Take two quarts of ripe blackberries, a pint of loaf 
 sugar and one-half ounce each of cinnamon, cayenne, cloves and allspice. 
 Boil these together; strain when cold and add a pint of fourth proof brandy. 
 According to the age take from a tablespoonful to a wineglassful at a dose. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — All these are stimulating and somewhat binding 
 in their action. , 
 
 4. Rhubarb. — If the case is not severe, burned rhubarb is good. (This 
 as given under " Diarrhea.") 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The rhubarb removes the irritating material from 
 the bowels. 
 
 6. Flaxseed or Slippery Elm Tea. — Watch the diet and after each 
 movement of the bowels give an injection of flaxseed tea or slippery elm 
 tea made from the water taken off of oatmeal. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This not only washes out the irritating material 
 but* it is also soothing to the bowels. 
 
 6. Golden Seal, Saleratus, Charcoal and Rhubarb. — For obstinate cases 
 take half a teaspoonful of golden seal, a piece of saleratus the size of a hazel- 
 nut and a tablespoonful each of powdered willow charcoal and turkey rhu- 
 barb. Put these into a tumblerful of water and let stand for twelve hours. 
 Stir and take a teaspoonful every four hours during the day. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Golden seal is a, little binding, charcoal is an anti- 
 septic and rhubarb is laxative and rids the bowels of irritating material that 
 is so often the cause of dysentery. 
 
 7. Eggs.— Beat up an egg, with or without sugar, and take it at a single 
 ^Ip. It seems to form a coating on the stomach and intestines, lessen 
 mflammation and effect a speedy cure. Two or three taken during the 
 Any is generally all that is necessary. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is easily digested and is not likely to irritate. 
 
 B. Elm Bark, Rhubarb, Charcoal, Salt and Yolk of Egg. — Take pow- 
 dered elm bark, rhubarb and charcoal, of each half an ounce; add a table- 
 spoonful of common salt and the yolk of an egg and rub the whole together 
 in a mortar until dry and reduced to a well-mixed powder. iSose A tea- 
 spoonful three to six times a day, according to circumstances, in a little water 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 6» 
 
 or molasses. Valuable in dysentery or flux and in diarrhea. It seldom 
 fails to cure. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The elm bark is soothing, the rhubarb is laxa- 
 tive, the charcoal is antiseptic, the salt is astringent or binding and the egg 
 is food. 
 
 9. Camphor, Peppermint, Red Pepper, Etc.— Take one ounce each of 
 laudanum, rhubarb, tincture of camphor, peppermint and red pepper. Give- 
 twenty to thirty drops every half hour until relieved. 
 Physician's Remark. — This is for adults only. 
 . 10. Chickweed Tea. — Steep chickweed and drink of the tea. 
 ' 11. Hot Fomentations, Etc. — Much relief is generally obtained from, 
 hot fomentations applied to the bowels by means of cloths wrung out of hot 
 water and, when the bearing down is very severe and produces much suf- 
 fering, make use of an occasional injection of twenty drops of laudanum to 
 one or two tablespoonfuls of starch water or rice water. 
 
 13. Oil of Fireweed. — Put five drops of oil of fireweed on sugar and 
 take every one to three hours. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is very good and you will notice that I have 
 given it as one of the remedies used by myself and other doctors. 
 
 13. Mountain Clove. — Use a root called " Mountain Clove." Chew the 
 root or steep it and drink the tea. 
 
 14. Hot Herb Tea. — Take a weed called " horse tail " which has a longr 
 straight stalk with a feathery leaf and a slightly hot taste. Make a tea of 
 this and drink a teacupful while hot. 
 
 15. Pathweed Tea. — Make a tea of pathweed, using four ounces of the 
 plant to a pint of water, and take two ounces at a dose tl.ree or four times a 
 day. This is the dose for adults. 
 
 SYPHILIS— POX— LUES.— (See Chapter for Men.) 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS. 
 
 Description. — ^This is an infectious disease in which there is local in» 
 flammation followed by the development of dead tissue. Small nodules, 
 called tubercles, develop and these have the appearance of gray, white or 
 sometimes yellowish bodies. It is because of these tubercles that the name 
 " tuberculosis " is given to this disease. 
 
 Causes. — The disease is caused by the tuberculosis germs. These germs 
 are always at hand and are constantly being taken into the system but the 
 tissues of the body are not always in the right condition for them to take 
 hold and develop. These germs are taken into the body in the air we 
 breathe and in the food we eat. Milk from cows having tuberculosis is 
 dangerous. A person may also accidentally become infected by the germs 
 getting in through a sore or scratch on the body and the germs also gain 
 admittance through the tonsils and back part of the throat. As before 
 stated these germs are constantly being taken into our bodies, most com- 
 monly by breathing, but when we are in health we are generally able to 
 throw them off or at least the conditions are not favorable for their growth 
 and development. It is like sowing seeds in the ground. They will not 
 grow unless the conditions, such as heat and moisture, are right. The germs 
 
?0 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK, 
 
 will not grow in our systems unless we are in a weakened condition in some 
 way or in some part of the body. 
 
 Anything which weakens our vitality or impairs our health makes us 
 more likely to take tuberculosis. All diseases which leave us in a weakened 
 condition produce favorable conditions for these germs because our system 
 is not then able to throw them off as they enter the body. Pneumonia, 
 catarrh, grip, measles and whooping cough are particularly likely to leave 
 the parts affected in a weak condition and render them more subject to 
 tuberculosis. Breathing bad air, and particularly the air from a poorly 
 ventilated room where many people are crowded together or the dusty, air 
 of a city, is a source of great danger. The lack of proper exercise allows 
 the lungs to become weakened, hence the blood is not purified and our 
 health is weakened so that we are more likely to take this disease. Con- 
 tinued heat also weakens the system and particularly if we are compelled 
 at the same time to breathe impure air. Some people inherit a weak con- 
 stitution and are thus more subject to the disease than one who is naturally 
 robust. 
 
 Age also has something to do with it. Children under ten years of age 
 frequently have tuberculosis of the glands and bones and also of the mem- 
 branes of the brain. After the age of puberty the lungs are the most fre- 
 quently affected. Tuberculosis can affect almost any part of the body. It 
 generally affects the weakest parts. After the age of thirty-five we are not 
 so likely to take the disease and after the age of fifty a person seldom has 
 it unless he had it before that time. It affects both sexes equally. Certain 
 occupations such as stone cutting, knife grinding, mining, weaving and all 
 pursuits which cause large quantities of dust to enter the lungs are par- 
 ticularly dangerous. , 
 
 We will first take up the symptoms of the different kinds of tuberculosis 
 with something of the treatment of each and then discuss the prevention 
 and general treatment of the disease together with the diet to be allowed 
 the patient. 
 
 Acute Miliary Tuberculosis. 
 
 Description. — This consists of innumerable small tubercles in the lungs 
 or other organs affected. 
 
 Cause. — The tuberculosis bacilli or germs are the cause. They infect the 
 organs and cause the tubercles. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are like the symptoms of typhoid fever. 
 The poison in the blood causes great wretchedness and the fever runs from 
 103 to 103 degrees every morning. The pulse is rapid and there is often a 
 great deal of sweating. These symptoms appear before there is illness in 
 any particular part of the body to explain the sickness. The fever is irregular 
 and can be lowered by sponging with cold water. In both of these respects 
 it is unlike typhoid fever. Also, the rose spots are absent. A careful exam- 
 ination of the lungs shows diseased spots. In some cases it comes on more 
 suddenly. The patient is seized with a chill, which is followed by high fever 
 or a rapid pulse. There is much sweating and great weakness. The patient 
 is fearfully thin. The tongue is dry and cheeks flushed. When it is 
 miliary tuberculosis of the lungs, the lung tissues are affected and there are 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 71 
 
 symptoms of acute bronchitis. The patients usually die in from one to 
 three months. The disease is almost, if not always, fatal. 
 
 Treatment. — Give nourishing food and stimulants. Chloral hydrate and 
 the bromides are given to relieve the restlessness. 
 
 Scrofula — Tuberculosis of the Lymph Glands. 
 
 Description. — This is often a very mild form of tuberculosis and but a 
 small percentage of the patients die with it. In exceptional cases we find 
 nearly all the lymph glands of the body affected while other parts of the 
 body' are affected but little, if any. We will treat of several forms of this 
 disease. 
 
 Local Tuberculosis — Adenitis (Glands). 
 
 1. Cervical or Neck Glands. — This is the most common form met with 
 In children. It is particularly frequent among those who are in poor circum- 
 stances and have poor surroundings. The enlarged glands are commonly 
 called " kernels." Sometimes they run together and form large lumps. 
 Matter forms and runs from them and they later heal up and leave a scar. 
 
 3. Trachea-Bronchial. — The glands of the windpipe and bronchial 
 tubes sometimes become large and press very much upon the blood vessels 
 of the chest and also upon the nerves. Sometimes they burst into other 
 organs like the gullet or they may infect the lungs and pleura. They also 
 frequently cause pericarditis by coming in contact with or breaking into the 
 membrane which surrounds the heart. They become very dangerous when 
 they infect the whole system through the blood vessels. 
 
 3. Mesenteric, or "Tabes Mesenterica." — The mesentery is the struc- 
 ture which is intertwined among the intestines. This disease was called 
 " abdominal scrofula " by the old writers. The glands in the membrane 
 between and around the bowels become enlarged and cheesy and occasionally 
 they form matter and become hard. Upon examination after death a slight 
 form of this disease is often found in children who have died of other 
 diseases. The disease is very common in children and seriously interferes 
 with nutrition so that the little ones become puny, wasted and bloodless. 
 The abdomen is enlarged and bloated, there is constant diarrhea and the 
 stools are thin and have a bad odor. General wasting away and weakness are 
 the most characteristic features. Children with this disease are improperly 
 said to have consumption of the bowels. In adults it may occur alone or in 
 connection with lung disease. 
 
 Water on the Brain — Tubercular Meningitis — Basilar Meningitis. 
 
 Description. — This is also known as acute hydrocephalus. It is really 
 an acute tuberculosis in which the membranes of the brain and sometimes 
 the spinal cord are mostly affected. It is much more common in children 
 than in adults. It rarely occurs during the first year but is more frequent 
 between the second and fifth years. In a majority of cases old tuberculous 
 trouble in the bronchial and mesenteric glands is found. 
 
 Symptoms. — There has been failing health for several weeks or the child 
 may be getting over measles or whooping cough. Sometimes it has prev- 
 iously had a bad fall. The child is listless, peevish, irritable and has lost its 
 
?2 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK 
 
 appetite. The symptoms pointing to the disease may then set in suddenly 
 with convulsions, or more commonly with headache, vomiting and fever. The 
 pain may be intense and agonizing. The child puts its hand to its head and 
 gives a sharp sudden cry and sometimes screams. It is usually constipated 
 and there is slight fever which gradually rises to 103 or 103 degrees. The pulse 
 is rapid at first but later becomes irregular and slow. During sleep the child 
 is restless and disturbed with twitching of the muscles and sudden start- 
 ings, or it may wake up in great terror. In the early stages the pupils of 
 the eyes are contracted. The first stage is the stage of irritation. 
 
 During the second stage of the disease these symptoms disappear. The 
 abdomen (or belly) is drawn in, the bowels are constipated, the child is dull, 
 and when aroused is more or less delirious. The head is often drawn back 
 or to the side and the child utters an occasional cry. The pupils are en- 
 larged or irregular and a squint may develop. Convulsions may come on or 
 the muscles of one side or limb may become rigid. During the last period 
 or stage of paralysis the stupor, or deep drowsiness, increases and the child 
 cannot be aroused. Convulsions are rather frequent and there is a sudden 
 drawiiig up of the muscles of the back and neck or the spasms may occur 
 on one side only. The pupils are enlarged, the eyelids partly closed and there 
 is rolling of the eyeballs. There may be diarrhea, the pulse is rapid and the 
 child sinks gradually away. The disease lasts from 3 to 4 weeks. It is 
 fatal in most cases. 
 
 Tuberculosis of the Pleura — Acute Tuberculosis of the Pleura. 
 
 The acute kinds are rarely fatal. The secondary kind is very common 
 and frequently occurs when there is tuberculosis of the lungs. 
 
 Tuberculosis of the Pericardium. 
 
 This may be primary or it may be secondary from other affected parts. 
 It is not so common as tuberculosis of the pleura and peritoneum. 
 
 Tuberculosis of the Peritoneum. 
 
 It frequently occurs in connection with miliary and chronic tuberculosis 
 of the lungs but may occur in itself apart from other organs. People of all 
 ages are subject to it and it is common in children with bowel and mesen- 
 teric disease. 
 
 Symptoms. — It is very difficult to distinguish this disease. When it 
 comes on slowly the symptoms resemble typhoid fever. There is frequently 
 some bloating or dropsy of the abdomen or belly. Wind-dropsy, or tym- 
 panites, may also be present. Sometimes the fever is slight but in acute 
 cases it is often 103 to 104 degrees. The physician may use the tuberculosis 
 test in this disease. 
 
 Galloping Consumption— Acute Pneumonic Tuberculosis of the Lungs. 
 
 This is met with both in children and adults. There are two types — 
 Pneumonic and Broncho-Pneumonic. 
 
 Symptoms of Pneumonic Form.— The symptoms are somewhat like pneu- 
 monia but between the 8th and 10th days instead of getting better they be- 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 73 
 
 come worse. The fever is irregular, the pulse more rapid, there is spitting: 
 of mucus and pus and there may be sweating. Signs occur indicating soften- 
 ing of the lungs and death may occur even in the second or third weelc and 
 before softening of the lungs. In other cases the upper part of the lungs 
 is destroyed and tlie case may drag along for two or three months or it 
 may become a case of common consumption. 
 
 Symptoms of Broncho-Pneumonic Form or Capillary Bronchitis. — This 
 is more common in children and forms the majority of the cases of gallop- 
 ing consumption. The symptoms vary greatly in different cases. In chil- 
 dren the disease is most likely to follow some infectious disease like measles 
 or whooping cough. The child may be taken suddenly ill while teething 
 or when recovering from the attack of some fever. The fever rises rapidly, 
 the cough is severe and a rattling breathing is noticed at one or both points 
 of the lungs. Or the child may be taken ill when getting better from some 
 other infectious disease. There will be fever, coughing and shortness of 
 breath. These symptoms lessen within two weeks. There is loss of flesh 
 and the general condition is bad. The child has sweats, the fever becomes 
 hectic, that is, a hectic, or red spot appears on the cheeks and the child has 
 the usual consumptive look. 
 
 Chronic Ulcerative Tuberculosis of the Lungs. 
 
 Physical examination sTiows the parts that are affected. There is a 
 hardness of the lungs and they contain cavities. 
 
 Symptoms. — There may be a troublesome pain early in the disease or this 
 may be absent. The cough is one of the earliest symptoms and is present 
 in the majority of cases from the beginning to the end of the disease. The 
 sputum, or spit, varies greatly but it contains the bacilli or germs. There is 
 often hemorrhage or spitting of blood from the lungs. This is called " Hemop- 
 tysis. "^ There is fever and difficult breathing. The sweating is distressing 
 and weakening. 
 
 Tuberculosis of the Liver. 
 
 This does not occur alone but as a part of a general miliary tuberculosis. 
 
 Tuberculosis of the Joints and Spine. 
 These will be treated in another place. 
 
 THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS. 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — A person with tuberculosis should expectorate 
 (spit) into cloths or into paper spitting cups and then before the sputum or 
 spit dries these should be burned. The sputum or spit can only spread the 
 disease when it is dry. Sunlight, nourishing food and outdoor life, are the 
 best preventives. Breathe plenty of fresh air and especially should the 
 sleeping room be well ventilated. A boy or girl who is weak and sicklv 
 looking should be in the open air most of the time. Girls, at the time their 
 menses are beginning,- should take all the care possible to keep themselves 
 strong and healthy and especially if there has been any tuberculosis in the 
 
74 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK 
 
 family. Sunshine and air make people strong:. In the tenement districts 
 of our cities many people are crowded into a few rooms that often are dirty 
 and unventilated and oftentimes eight or ten or more sleep in one small 
 room with scarcely any ventilation. Their food is unwholesome and often 
 small in quantity and yet many of thqm have to work all day and part of 
 the night for even such a living as this. Such conditions are particularly 
 favorable for the development of tuberculosis or consumption. To crowd 
 too many children into a school building is poor policy and to overwork them 
 
 lis just as bad and especially when it is considered that many of them are 
 improperly nourished. I once knew of a young man who was ambitious 
 for an education but the only way to get it was to earn it himself. He was 
 apparently the picture of health and was much stronger than the average 
 college student. He loaded himself down with studies and after school hours 
 and on Saturdays he worked at hard manual labor to earn money for him- 
 self and for his people at home whom he had to help support. His lessons were 
 read at night and in some way he also managed to take music lessons as 
 he was naturally a fine singer. He seldom got more than five or six hours 
 sleep and often not that while doing the hardest kind of mental and physical 
 labor. Often but a sandwich or a few crackers made up his meal and some- 
 times he would skip a meal. Within one year from this time his school 
 mates and teachers were very much surprised and pained to learn that he 
 had been sent home to die v/ith consumption. Learning is worth getting but 
 we can pay too high a price for even an education. 
 
 Then, if you would prevent consumption, live in the open air and sun- 
 shine as much as possible, take at least enough exercise to keep healthy, have 
 plenty of ventilation in your houses and especially in the sleeping rooms, eat 
 plenty of nourishing food and do not break down your health with work, 
 worry or bad habits. 
 
 General Treatment. — With nourishing foods and proper conditions make 
 the patient grow fat and the local disease will take care of itself. Place the 
 patient where he will get plenty of nourishing food and where the surround- 
 ings will be as pleasant and cheerful as possible. Give proper open air 
 treatment. Live out door in the fresh air and sunshine and sleep in a tent 
 or with the windows open so as to allow plenty of fresh air. Go to a tuber- 
 culosis sanitarium if you can or go to a climate where the temperature is 
 
 • even and the atmospherf' pure. Have plenty of fresh air, sunshine and a 
 nourishing diet. Milk, eggs, cereals, beef, etc., are good foods if they agree 
 with the patient. 
 
 We herewith give a nourishing diet for tuberculosis patients. It may 
 be varied to suit the individual case. 
 
 DIET FOR TUBERCULOSIS PATIENT. 
 
 Breakfast. — Sip a cupful of hot milk in the morning before rising; rest 
 in bed for 15 to 20 minutes ; then bathe or be bathed and clothed by another. 
 For breakfast eat wheaten grits, oatmeal or some other cereal. If the appe- 
 tite is good a tender chop or small piece of steak may be eaten. Tea or 
 coffee may be drank unless they make the patient nervous. An orail^'e or 
 some other fruit may be eaten if desired. The patient should not eat so 
 much as to make the meal lay heavy on the stomach. 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 75 
 
 Half way between breakfast and the mid-day meal he should eat a light 
 luncheon consisting of a cup of broth, a piece of toast, a glass of koumyss 
 or a sandwich made with scraped beef or, if he tires of this, a sandwich made 
 with toast and either anchovy or caviar may be substituted. Often an egg, 
 either raw or cooked, may be taken between meals with advantage. If 
 desired, a glass of sherry or some red wine may also be taken at this time 
 or, in its place, some Scotch or rye whisky may be given. 
 
 Dinner. — This should be the heaviest meal and should be eaten between 
 13 and 2 o'clock. Some imtritious and somewhat stimulating soup that is 
 easily digested may be eaten first. This may be followed with a small piece 
 of fresh fish and then by a hearty course of any one of the roasts or broiled 
 meats accompanied by two or three wholesome vegetables such as potatoes, 
 string beans, asparagus, spinach, carrots, etc., and also macaroni or similar 
 foods. Particularly if the patient is accustomed to stimulants with his meals, 
 a little sherry wine or whiskey and water may be taken. Cornstarch or rice 
 pudding or some similar dessert may also be eaten. 
 
 During the afternoon a light luncheon similar to the forenoon lunch 
 may be taken two or three hours after dinner. 
 
 Evening Meal, — This should be a light meal consisting of arrowroot, or 
 an egg cooked in some simple way, or a few stewed oysters or milk toast. 
 
 Again, before going to bed at night, a cup of broth, a glass of koumyss, 
 a cup of hot milk or some curds and whey may be taken. 
 
 This diet is intended for a person with good^digestion. 
 
 MEDICINES FOR TUBERCULOSIS. 
 
 For the Blood. — Arsenic may be given in small doses in the form of 
 Fowler's solution of arsenic. Give 5 drops, four times a day. 
 
 For the Heart. — If necessary, give tincture of digitalis in 3 or 3 drop 
 doses, 3 times a day. 
 
 For the Night Sweats. — Give from 15 to 30 grains of camphoric acid 3 
 or 3 hours before the time for the sweat. Or, in its place, give 1/120 of a 
 grain of atropine. 
 
 For the Fever. — Sponge with tepid or warm water and alcohol. 
 
 For the Cough. — If necessary, give fron. 1/24 to 1/16 of a grain of 
 heroin 3 or 4 times in 34 hours. If the cough is dry and irritable use the 
 steam kettle. Put from 1/2 to 1 dram each of creosote, oil of pine and oil 
 of eucalyptus into a teakettle of hot water and let the patient inhale the- 
 steam. One end of a roll of paper may be put over the spout of the kettle 
 and the patient may breathe through the nose and mouth from the other end. 
 
 For the Vomiting. — If the stomach is irritated give from 3 to 5 grains 
 of subnitrate of bismuth and 1 to 3 grains of oxalate of cerium an hour before 
 meals. If the stomach is depressed give 1 to 2 drops of Fowler's solution 
 of arsenic before meals. 
 
 For the Bleeding from the Lungs. (Hasmoptysis.) — If the patient is 
 much frightened give a hypodermic injection of % of a grain of morphine. 
 
 Treatment of the Cervical Glands. — Surgeons advise cutting them out 
 but in many cases this is not necessar)^ The homeopathic treatment is by 
 use of the 6th trituration of Calcarea Carb. Give 3 tablets four times a 
 day. I know this to be good for I have often used it with success. 
 
76 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CONSUMPTION AND ITS AT- 
 TENDING AILMENTS.— 
 
 1. Blood Root, Wild Cherry, Etc. — Take tincture of blood root and 
 muriate of ammonia, of each 1 dram ; fluid extract of wild cherry, 3 drams ; 
 and infusion of licorice, % pint. Mix and give a tablespoonful every two 
 hours. 
 
 2. For the Bleeding from the Lungs. — Give a little salt water or a 
 tea made of equal parts of bugle weed and beth root. 
 
 3. For the Cough. — An excellent remedy is a tea made from the leaves 
 of white horehonnd and sweetened with honey. 
 
 4. For the Cough. — Teas made from flaxseed, quince seed, slippery 
 elm or marshmallow will prove excellent for the cough. 
 
 5. Cod Liver Oil. — A tablespoonful or more three times a day, is a 
 treatment used a great deal by physicians. 
 
 6. For Scrofula. — Take one ounce of the dried or two ounces of fresh 
 yellow dock root and boil in a pint of water. This may be taken in 2 ounce 
 doses as often as the stomach will bear. The skin may also be bathed with 
 this tea. This is a very effective remedy for scrofula. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Yellow dock root is very good for the blood. 
 
 7. For Scrofula. — Take one part of finely powdered saltpeter, and two 
 parts each pf licorice root, sulphur and cream of tartar ; mix with honey until it 
 is like mud. Take a teaspoonful before each meal for three days, then leave 
 C& for three days, and so continue until cured. If the bowels are too loose 
 after taking the first three days, then reduce the dose one half. This treat- 
 ment has effected some remarkable cures after other remedies had failed. 
 
 8. For White Swelling and Scrofula. — Boil in a little water a good 
 sized handful each of the bruised roots and twigs of bitter sweet, the inner 
 bark of sweet elder, and mullein leaves ; add half a handful of golden seal root, 
 two rounded teaspoonfuls of mutton tallow and the same quantity of fresh 
 unsalted butter. Stew these together until dry, being careful not to burn. 
 Strain, put back on the stove and add a tablespoonful of beeswax and half 
 a tablespoonful of pine pitch. Spread on a cloth and apply to white swelling 
 or put on cotton and apply to the sores of scrofula. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — White swelling is tuberculosis of the knee joint. 
 
 TYPHOID FEVER, 
 Enteric Fever. 
 
 Description. — This is an acute infectious disease formerly called ." En- 
 teric Fever " because the bowels are so much involved. 
 
 Causes. — It is caused by the entrance into the body of a certain germ 
 known to doctors as the bacillus typhosus. These germs gain entrance 
 through the mouth, stomach and intestines. They are frequently taken into 
 the system by drinking infected milk or milk that has been " watered " with 
 impure water or cooled with infected ice. The freezing of the water in which 
 the germs are found does not kill the germs. Water which comes from 
 wells near cess pools or from shallow wells or wells that have not been 
 cleaned for a long time o'- water which comes from rivers where the garbage 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 77 
 
 of a city is emptied is very likely to be contaminated and cause typhoid fever 
 if a person is in the right condition to take it. Partially decayed vegetables, 
 meats, oysters or clams are also likely to be swarming with the gernis. Flies 
 lighting upon the discharges from a typhoid fever patient, if the discharges 
 have not been disinfected, very frequently carry the germs to pure food and 
 thus spread the disease. Another source of typhoid fever is in decaying 
 vegetables in cellars or cellars where the drains are stopped up and water 
 is allowed to stand. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — This disease affects males more than females and is most 
 frequent in August, September and October. The germs may be found in 
 every organ of the body. The small bowels and their glands are generally 
 the organs most affected. The disease is generally from 1 to 3 weeks in 
 coming on. It usually begins with a feeling or sense of general wretchedness 
 and general illness with no particular symptoms being well marked unless 
 it be the aching of the forehead and of the back and limbs. The expression 
 of the face shows sickness very early in the disease. The patient becomes 
 listless and later heavy and stupid and often a little deaf. Frequently there 
 is considerable coughing without spitting up anything. The tongue is coated 
 in the center but clean and red at the edges. There is headache, thirst, sleep- 
 lessness, and a mild fever develops and nose bleed may occur repeatedly.. 
 There is quite a bit of gurgling in the lower right part of the abdomen^ 
 There is usually constipation during the first week but on the other hand 
 there may be looseness of the bowels instead. 
 
 Fev'er. — The temperature rises step by step ; each morning it is higher 
 than the morning before and each evening higher than the evening before. 
 For example, the first morning it may be 99 and in the evening 100; the 
 second morning it may be 99% and in the evening 101%; the third morning 
 it may be 100% and in the evening lOS^/^, etc. Usually by the end of the first 
 week the fever reaches 103 or 103 in the mornings and 103 or 104 in 
 the evenings and remains at this level until the 14th or 21st day. At this. 
 time the pulse is more rapid and varies from 90 to 100 and may go up to 
 110 or higher. 
 
 Rose Spots. — These develop about the Tth to the 9th day and appear on 
 the skin of the abdomen and chest. 
 
 Later Symptoms. — The tongue becomes dry and cracked, the stupor or 
 drowsiness is more marked, the bowels become looser and the bloating of the 
 abdomen, or belly, is more noticeable. Usually, at the end of the second week 
 the disease is at its height. If the patient has had little attention or if it 
 is a severe case it will continue another week or longer. During the third 
 week there is more diarrhea and bloating and a deeper drowsiness. There 
 is shaking of the muscles and jerking' of the tendons. The skin is dry and 
 harsh and the patient is very thin. If the disease is not so severe these 
 symptoms may decrease at any time between the 14th and 28th days. The 
 fever and pulse then gradually go down and there are general symptoms of 
 getting better. This is a typical case. 
 
 In some cases the diarrhea is very bad. In others there is greater bloat- 
 ing and soreness of the bowels. Sometimes the tongue and mouth look very 
 bad. The blood poisoning is very severe in some cases as shown by the 
 symptoms. Sometimes the tongue is very much swollen, coated and cracked 
 and sticks to the mouth or turns down on the lips so that it is very difficult 
 for the pati«nt to put out his tongue and sometimes when it is out the patient 
 
^a PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK 
 
 is too stupid to draw it in again. The delirium is either mild or active accord- 
 ing 'to the case. The patient is said to be delirious or "out of his head." 
 Bleeding- from the bowels is a dangerous symptom. The bowels are very 
 thin and ulcerated and may be easily torn or ruptured. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Disinfect all discharges from the patient. The vessels which 
 receive the discharges from the bowels and urine should contain a carbolic 
 acid solution, 1 part of acid to 30 parts of w^ter; or, a solution of corrosive 
 sublimate, 1 part corrosive sublimate to 2,000 parts of water. A heaping tea- 
 spoonful of chloride of lime may also be used to a pint of water. Disinfect 
 everything that has been in contact with the patient. The hands of the 
 nurse should frequently be disinfected. See that all drinking water is boiled. 
 To prevent taking the disease, read up on the causes and avoid them. 
 
 " What to Do." — Disinfect, all discharges and everything that comes in 
 contact with the patient. Always use a bed pan when the patient stools or 
 passes water as getting up may rupture the bowels which are very thin at this 
 time. Give the very best of nursing, be very careful, of the diet, boil all drink' 
 ing water and follow all instructions of the doctor very carefully. 
 
 " What Not to Do." — Do not let the patient take cold or some of the 
 serious after effects like bronchitis or pneumonia may be the result. Do 
 not allow the patient to get up for any purpose or the bowels may be rup- 
 tured. Do not give solid foods until two or three weeks after the patient 
 has recovered. Do riot allow your sympathies or the pleadings of the pa- 
 tient to persuade you to depart from this rule or death may be the result. 
 
 Avoid too much strong medicine. Stimulants may be given if the pulse 
 is very weak and the first heart sound distant and feeble. Half an ounce of 
 whiskey or brandy may be given in a little water or milk every 3 to 6 hours 
 if needed. 
 
 Constipation. — Relieve this with injections of soap and water. In obsti- 
 nate cases add to this from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls of glycerine. 
 
 Diarrhea. — If this is excessive, that is, if there is more than 3 or 4 stools 
 a day, give from 5 to 10 drop doses of aromatic sulphuric acid in simple 
 elixir or in boiled water. 
 
 Bloating.--To the abdomen, or belly, apply cloths wrung out of water 
 containing a little turpentine. If possible, apply these before much gas has 
 accumulated and if the bloating continues give an injection of emulsion of 
 asafoetida either with or without a dram of turpentine added. 
 
 Bleeding from the Bowels. — Apply hot water bottles to keep up the heat 
 of the body and give a pint of normal salt solution under the skin. This may 
 be given once, twice or three times during the next 24 hours if needed. 
 
 Bed Sores. — Keep the parts clean and dry and bathe with alcohol. 
 
 Curds in Stools. — When curds appear in the stools, lessen the quantity 
 of milk; or, it should be peptonized or its digestion aided by the use of 
 pancreatin after it is taken. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Unless the bowels have moved give 5/4 grain 
 doses of calomel every hour until 1 to 2 grains have been taken. If the 
 bowels arenot moved in 13 hours give a large injection of soap and water 
 and a seidlitz powder if needed. Twelve houjs later give from 5 to 10 drops 
 of dilute hydrochloric acid with a teaspoonful of essence of pepsin and repeat 
 this every six hours, after giving food, throughout the disease. 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 79 
 
 Nursing. — A typhoid fever case must be watched carefully from begin- 
 ning to end. Bleeding fro,m the bowels is an alarming symptom. It shows 
 that the disease has eaten through the lining of the bowels to the small blood 
 vessels. It is not necessarily fatal but it needs close attention. A fall of 
 several degrees" in the fever should arouse suspicion that the bowels are 
 much ulcerated and are bleeding. This fall in the fever is often the first 
 symptom. Either during or after an attack of typhoid the patient may have 
 hemorrhage or bleeding from the bowels; or, he may have heart, stomach 
 or liver troubles or bronchitis or pneumonia and symptoms of these should be 
 carefully watched for. 
 
 A doctor, a friend of mine, was attending a case of typhoid fever. He 
 warned the woman not to get out of bed for any purpose as it might cause 
 bleeding from the bowels. His orders were disobeyed and the woman got 
 up to use the vessel. A hemorrhage of the bowels was the result and the 
 patient was dead before the doctor could arrive. No comment is needed. 
 
 If the fever rises to 103^ degrees the patient is to be rubbed with 
 either tepid, cool, cold, or ice water. Or even a piece of ice may be used. 
 Give a brisk rub-oflf if the poisoning is very great, not so much to reduce the 
 fever as to cause reaction and arouse the vitality of the patient. With this 
 application of cold, in different degrees according to the needs of the case, 
 rub the skin actively as the cold comes in contact with it because friction 
 increases the loss of heat by one half and aids in causing reaction and a 
 more equal circulation of the skin and also prevents the patient from being 
 chilled. There are other ways of bathing. Some put the patient in a 
 bath tub. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — The diet is very important in this disease. It should 
 be a milk diet for the first week and often for most of the second week. From 
 a quart to a quart and a half a day may be given. Give a little every three 
 or fours hours and follow with the acid and pepsin before mentioned unless 
 the stomach is irritable when a little lime water may be given instead, or a 
 little ceiestin vichy may be used. When the milk is digested with difficulty, 
 add to it some hot water or dilute it with carbonated water or water con- 
 taining a little baking soda. If the taste is unpleasant to the patient it may 
 be flavored with vanilla or nutmeg. Coffee, tea or cocoa in very small 
 amounts may sometimes be given. Well boiled rice strained through a fine 
 sieve, and even cornstarch or strained barley gruel, if well cooked, may be 
 given at this time with advantage, particularly, if at the same time a little 
 taka-diastase is used to aid their digestion. Broths and meat soups are not 
 advisable as they often tend to increase the bloating. 
 
 A typhoid fever patient is going to be sick for several weeks and you 
 need to keep up his strength by the use of food and bathing. Milk is gener- 
 ally the best food when given as directed above. Keep visitors out of the 
 sick room, do not talk much and never whisper when near the patient. It is 
 better to talk in a low tone than to whisper. Keep the teeth and mouth 
 clean. You may need to clean them several times a day. Wrap a soft 
 cloth around your finger, dip into water arid gently clean the teeth and 
 mouth. The patient's mouth and tongue are always dry and especially when 
 the mouth is kept open and should then be frequently cleaned with a wet 
 
80 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 cloth or a little water should often be given him. You can bathe him under 
 the bedding and with cool water if he can stand it. Wring out the cloth or 
 sponge so it will not drip water and bathe part of his body at a time and then 
 dry. Keep the patient quiet and never let him get up to use the bed pan. If 
 there is bleeding send for the doctor at once. 
 
 Follow the directions given as to food and when the patient is getting 
 better never yield to his pleadings for more food. Follow the doctor's ad- 
 vice and give no solid food for some weeks after the fever is all gone. I never 
 shall forget a minister who died of typhoid fever in my old home town. He 
 was about well and one day while yet in bed he told the doctor that he 
 wanted an old fashioned " boiled dinner." The doctor refused to give his 
 consent to this, saying it would kill him. But the home people listened to the 
 pleadings of the minister after the doctor had left and finally yielded to his 
 persuasions. The minister got his " boiled dinner " and in a few days he was 
 a dead minister. I was very young then and could not understand for many 
 years why God should have taken that good man. The case was simitar to 
 the one I have previously related of the child that ate green apples and 
 died of cholera infantum. It was not God but the " boiled dinner "' that killed 
 the minister. 
 
 I had carried a very bad case of typhoid fever in a young lady through 
 five long weary weeks and the patient was recovering nicely so that I was 
 then visiting her every second or third day only. One Sunday evening I was 
 hastil}' called to her home and found that she was " flighty." She imagined 
 that she saw flies and all sorts of creatures on the walls and ceiling. I ask'ed 
 for the cause of this but the family could not account for it and said they 
 bad disobeyed none of my instructions. I knew, however, that it is a cus- 
 tom of many farmers to have a great deal of company on Sundays and 
 asked if this was not the case here. I found that my suspicions were true 
 and that a number of persons had been admitted to the sick room, thus excit- 
 ing and tiring the patient. This was what caused the relapse and flighti- 
 ness of the patient. Thereafter they were more careful about admitting 
 visitors to the sick room until the patient had more fully recovered. Too 
 much care cannot be exercised in tjie treatment of this disease. 
 
 In typhoid fever, careful feeding is of the utmost importance. I once had 
 a typhoid patient, a girl, who could take scarcely any food. In four weeks 
 sickness she did not take and retain more than two quarts of liquid nourish- 
 ment. I finally stopped trying to force her to take food and gave plenty of 
 good water. She was very thin when the fever left her but she recovered 
 nicely. 
 
 After Effects.— During or after typhoid the patient is likely to have 
 hemorrhage or bleeding from the bowels; heart, stomach or liver trowble: 
 bronchitis or pneumonia. To avoid these do not allow the patient to get up 
 out of bed for any purpose, do not give too strong medicine and do not let 
 the patient take cold. 
 
 TYPHUS FEVER. 
 
 Typhus' fever is an acute infectious disease. 
 
 Cause. — Unsanitary conditions. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease comes on quife suddenly. There is a chill 
 headache, backache, weakness and a high fever. The fever usually runs 
 from 103 to 107 degrees. The pulse is full and rapid and not so feeble as in 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 81 
 
 typhoid fever. The face is deeply flushed and there is an eruption on the 
 abdomen, or belly, in from 3 to 5 days. If the patient survives, the fever 
 usually ends in from 12 to 14 days. It decreases rapidly at this time. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 The treatment should be similar to that of typhoid fever. 
 
 Preventive. — Fresh air and sunshine. 
 
 BLOOD POISONING. 
 Toxemia — Septicemia and Pyemia. 
 
 Description. — Septicemia means putrid material in the blood. Pyemia 
 means pus in the blood. These are old names and toxemia is the better 
 term. 
 
 Cause. — It generally is caused by tjoisoninof from diseases such as ab- 
 scesses, carbuncles, boils, appendicitis r mastoid disease or from an injury 
 like a splinter in the finger or a nail in le foot. 
 
 Symptoms. — Chills are more or less severe. There is fever, sweats, 
 stupor, prostration, a general " all in " feeling, unconsciousness and death- 
 Some cases are slower and may be called sub-acute or chronic. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Suppose you have stejjped on a nail and run it into your 
 foot, or opened a can and cut yourself. The hand or foot gets sore. Open 
 the wound thoroughly with an instrument that has been placed in boiling 
 water for at least five minutes so as to kill all germs. Wash th.e sore with 
 gauze or clean lineo and an antiseptic solution or if you have no antiseptics 
 use hot boiled water. If a nail has been run into the foot put on a hot bread 
 and milk poultice,, change it often and keep it on till it bleeds freely. Then 
 put on salt pork. If tlie nail went into the fore part of the foot look out for 
 trouble on top of the foot in a few days. If it becomes sore it must be opened, 
 cleansed and drainedi. Keep it open so that it can drain and do not try to 
 heal it u,p outside too soon. By such care at the beginning many cases of 
 blood poisoning can be prevented. If you have an abscess it should be opened 
 thoroughly, drained and kept drained. Cleanliness of instrument, person, 
 and coverings is essential. Externally it should be kept clean with hot water. 
 , Treatment after Poisoning. — Remove the foreign body and give free 
 drainage and do not try to close the sore. After the parts have been washed 
 out thoroughly with an antiseptic and cleaned with clean tools, put on steri- 
 lized absorbent cotton. Use plenty of gauze over the cotton and then apply 
 adhesive plaster to hold it on. Keep the wound open so that it can dis- 
 charge. If it throbs it should be opened and dressed again. Be sure that the 
 splinter, bee sting or other foreign body has been removed. 
 
 CHOLERA. 
 
 t Asiatic Cholera. 
 
 Description. — This term is used to designate a disease characterized by 
 watery purging, cramps, vomiting and extreme prostration. 
 
 Cause. — ^This disease is due to infection of the bowels by specific micro- 
 organisms or germs called " Spirillum Cholerse Asiatic." 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms come on in from a few hours to 10 days 
 after infection. The first symptom is a watery diarrhea. The patient suffers 
 from weakness and depression and if the passages from the bowels are very 
 
 « 
 
83 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 great he suffers from great feebleness and even collapse with but little or no 
 symptoms of the coming on of the disease. The patient is taken suddenly 
 with active vomiting and purging, severe cramps and collapse. Some cases 
 are more m.ild. If the case is severe it is always very serious. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Keep up the strength and treat according to the 
 symptoms.. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Third trituration of Arsenicum ; second dilu- 
 ton of Veratrum Alb.; Camphor Tincture. (For preparation and doses see 
 " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing Department.) 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Tincture of Camphor. — At the first appearance of the symptonjs 
 put the patient to bed and keep him quiet. Every two to five minutes give 
 one drop of tincture of camphor on a small piece of sugar and every 15 or 20 
 minutes give some brandy and water if the patient can retain it. When the 
 patient is in a perspiration begin to give the medicine less frequently.. Allow 
 him to sweat eight or ten hours. 
 
 2. Preventive. — Tincture of camphor internally in one-drop doses twice 
 a day is a preventive of this disease. Another preventive is to put half a 
 teaspoonful of flowers of sulphur into each stocking. To stop the vomiting 
 in the second stage give a teaspoonful of the following mixture every five to 
 fifteen minute^ — salt and black pepper, of each 1 dram; vinegar, 5 drams 
 and hot water, 4 ounces. For the cramps rub the limbs vigorously with the 
 hands or warm flannels. Rub tincture of capsicum (red pepper) along thS 
 spine and follow with a mustard poultice. During the third stage wrap the 
 patient in wet hot blankets and give a mixture of one part of tincture of 
 camphor and three parts of prickly ash berries. Give from a teaspoonful 
 to a tablespoonful in water every ten to twenty minutes. Brandy may also 
 be given. _ , 
 
 3. Cayenne Pepper and Camphor Gum. — Into a teacup two-thirds full 
 of hot water stir 20 grains of cayenne pepper and 10 grains of powdered 
 camphor gum. The dose is a teaspoonful ?very hour or oftener if necessary. 
 
 BUBONIC PLAGUE. 
 The Plague— Black Death. 
 
 Description. — This is a specific contagious disease occurring chiefly in 
 (insanitary surroundings. It is attended with high fever and skirt troubles 
 such as carbuncles, boils or buboes. It occurs in epidemics or sweeps over 
 a country and runs a rapid and severe course. 
 
 History. — The plague is an oriental or eastern disease and has long ex- 
 isted in certain portions of India. Most European countries have at some 
 time been visited by epidemics of this dreadful malady. Probably the most 
 famous epidemic of the Black Death was in Europe in the 14th century. More 
 than 70,000 died in 1665 during another outbreak in London. Another severe 
 epidemic visited Hong Kong and Canton, China in 1894. The disease was 
 brought to these cities from Northern India. One hundred and eighty thou- 
 sand people died in Canton. In September of 1896 the disease appeared in 
 Bombay and the plague statistics for the Bombay district from Sept. 1896 
 to Jan. 13, 1899 are 169,240 deaths out of 214,197 cases. According to Koch 
 there are three great central plague locations. One is in Mesopotamia, one 
 in Assir and one in Thibet. There is also a plague district in German East 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 83 
 
 s 
 
 Africa. San Francisco has had some cases in recent years but by sanitary 
 measures it was readily stamped out. 
 
 Cause. — The disease is caused by special organisms or germs called 
 " bacilli pestis bubonica;." Inside the body the germs have been found in 
 the lungs, enlarged glands, pus from the buboes, the blood and other internal 
 organs. Outside the body they are found in dust, excreta, food, soil, and in 
 infected rats and flies. According to Koch the germs get into the body 
 through the digestive tract by being taken in food, through the respiratory 
 tract or by breathing, and by inoculation. The plague is spread by the two 
 principal agents, men and rats. In almost all outbreaks affecting man, rats 
 had the disease before and during the epidemic. The rat carries the disease 
 from house to house and of course man carries it longer distances. Flies, 
 fleas, ants and other insects also carry the disease and especially from rats 
 to men. Mice, dogs, cats, horses and pigs also become infected and die of 
 the disease. These, both before and after death, transmit the disease to 
 healthy animals and to man. The disease is frequently carried by ships 
 and by merchandise, clothing, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — It is from 3 to 7 days coming on. There is pallor, head- 
 ache and dizziness. The person walks as though intoxicated. The disease 
 may come on abruptly with bilious vomiting, chills and recurring shiverings. 
 The fever rises rapidly to 103 or 104 degrees or even to 106 degrees. The pulse 
 becomes rapid and thread-like. There is stupor and the patient may be delir- 
 ious. The patient may now become very weak and maj- die during the first 
 period of the disease. More commonly the patient survives this threatened 
 collapse and then ffom the second to the fifth day appear the buboes or inflam- 
 mation of the lymph glands. These glands may enlarge gradually or rapidly 
 and are usually quite painful. These enlarged glands may disappear or they 
 may remain unchanged, particularly in fatal cases. Pus jnay form and some- 
 times, but rarely, gangrene may occur, forming the so-called carbuncle. The 
 latter may also appear as gangrenous patches over the trunk and legs. In 
 the worst cases there is bleeding from the lungs, stomach and intestines. 
 There are two forms of the plague that affect man. One affects the lym- 
 phatic glands and the other affects the lungs. Plague-pneumonia is common 
 in certain epidemics. The duration of the disease in fatal cases is from 3 
 to 5 days. On the other hand cases that tend to recovery may be prolonged, 
 on account of the forming of pus in the buboes, to a few weeks or even 
 months. The percentage of deaths is from 40 to 90 per cent. The forma- 
 tion of pus in the buboes or enlarged glands is a favorable symptom. A 
 rapid disappearance of a group of enlarged glands or the appearance of car- 
 buncles and bleeding are bad signs. Intense poisoning features and purple 
 spots are signs of plague-pneumonia. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Abandon all unsanitary habits. Isolate the sick. Avoid 
 coming in contact with infected persons or entering infected dwellings. Dis- 
 infect the sick room, the bed, bed clothes, the vomit and stools. Steam the 
 bed at 213 degrees for one hour and expose to the sunlight for a few hours. 
 Burn all infected articles that you do not disinfect. After recovery the pa- 
 tient should not mingle with others for at least a month. 
 
 Treatment of Attacks. — Medicines seem to do no good but only combat 
 the symptoms as they arise. For the delirium and pain, morphine or hyos- 
 
84 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 cin is given. According to some authors the serum treatment gives good 
 results both as a preventive and curative agent. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — For the high fever give tepid or cold sponging. The 
 diet should be liquid, concentrated and nourishing and stimulation is de- 
 manded from the start. 
 
 YELLOW FEVfiR. 
 
 Description. — This is an infectious disease occurring chiefly in warm 
 climates and is attended with fever, a yellowish skin, in some cases a black 
 vomit,, and a tendency to oozing bleeding from the raucous membrane. A 
 commission was appointed by the United States Government to investigate 
 yellow fever cases and here is what they report. 
 Report of Commission. — 
 
 1. The mosquito (stegomyia fasciata) serves as intermediate host for 
 the parasite of yellow fever. 
 
 3. Yellow fever is transmitted to the non-immune individual by the 
 means of the bite of the mosquito that has previously fed on the blood of 
 those sick with the disease. 
 
 3. An interval of about 13 days or more after contamination seems to 
 be necessary before the mosquito is capable of conveying the infection. 
 
 4. The bite of the mosquito at an earlier period after contamination 
 does not appear to confer any immunity against a subsequent attack. 
 
 5. Yellow fever can also be experimentally produced by the sub- 
 cutaneous injection of blood taken from the general circulation during the 
 first and second days of this disease. 
 
 6. An attack of yellow fever produced by the bite of the mosquito 
 confers immunity against a subsequent attack of the non-experimental form 
 of this disease, 
 
 7. The period of incubation in 13 cases of experimental yellow fever 
 has varied from 41 hours to 5 days and 17 hours. 
 
 8. Yellow fever is not conveyed by fomities (infected goods) and 
 hence disinfection of clothing, bedding or merchandise, supposedly contam- 
 inated by contact with those who are sick with this disease, is not necessary. 
 
 9. A house may be said to be infected with yellow fever only when 
 there are present within its walls, contaminated mosquitoes capable of con- 
 veying the parasite of this disease. 
 
 10. The spread of yellow fever can be most effectually controlled by 
 measures directed to the destruction of mosquitoes and the protection of 
 the sick against the bites of these insects. 
 
 11. While the mode of propagation of yellow fever has now been defin- 
 itely determined, the specific cause of this disease remains to be discovered. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease comes on very suddenly with tiredness, head- 
 ache, eyeache, dizziness, chills, paleness, stomach distress and severe back 
 and muscular pains. The fever runs from 103 to 107 degrees. The breathing 
 and pulse are at first increased. On the second or third day the pulse rate 
 falls even while the fever is rising. The tongue is red and covered with a 
 white fur. The bowels are constipated and the urine scanty and containing 
 albumen. On the third day the symptoms become greatly modified, or less- 
 ened. This is the critical period. If the patient gets worse there is heart and 
 stomach distress and persistent vomiting of a brown, reddish looking ma- 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. -85 
 
 terial. The urine is more scanty and contains albumen. The grave symp- 
 toms increase. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Plenty of fresh air and sunshine. Give medicine according to the symp- 
 toms. 
 
 MALARIAL FEVERS. 
 
 Description. — By malarial fever we mean or refer to a condition pro- 
 duced by the entrance into and development in the blood of certain germs 
 known as " plasomodium malarise." There are four forms of this disease^ — 
 intermittent, remittent^ relapsing and pernicious. 
 
 Intermittent Fever — Fever and Ague or Chills and Fever. — There are 
 chills, fever and sweating. These may occur daily, or alternate days or 
 every third day. 
 
 Remittent Fever. — ^This is continued fever with remissions. Symptoms 
 are a great deal like intermittent fever. 
 
 Relapsing Fever. — This is the sub-acute or chronic form. 
 
 Pernicious Fever. — This is a malignant form where the symptoms are 
 very active. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Quinine is usually the treatment. Must also treat the symptoms as 
 they arise. If the fever and chills occur daily the quinine is to be given each 
 •day. If it does not occur every day then give the quinine on the days it is 
 expected. For the milder forms give from 10 to 15 grains. For the more 
 severe cases from 30 to 60 grains may be given in powder. If it is the per- 
 nicious form give in soft capsules as quickly as possible. 
 
 Herb Remedies for Ague and Intermittent and Remittent Fever. — Where 
 <juinine cannot be given 'use dogwood bark. Put the dried bark into water 
 and boil it down to the proper consistency. The dose of this is from 20 to 
 60 grains. The dose of the extract is from 1 to 6 grains. Another remedy is 
 to give hot boneset tea to produce vomiting. • During the intermission give 
 the tea cold. It is to be given every hour as a tonic and anti-periodic. A 
 decoction made by boiling ironwood in water is still another remedy. The 
 dose is from 1 to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 For Ague, Malarial Fever, Etc. — I give 2 grains of quinine every 1 to 2 
 hours in acute cases, until the patient hears his ears " singing." Then I give 
 him just enough to keep him in this condition, say a dose every 2 to 5 hours. 
 Give to children in proportion to their age. In chronic cases quinine is not 
 so good, The bowels and kidneys must be kept working well by laxatives 
 and diuretics if necessary. Give tonics in the interval if the patient is run 
 down. For chronic cases Fowler's solution of arsenic, 5 drops four times a 
 day, is good. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Arsenicum Alb., third trituration, every three 
 hours is good. Natrum Mur. is good in some cases. (For preparation and 
 dose see " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing Department.) 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Salt — ^The Great South American Remedy. — Roast some salt in the 
 oven until it is the color of roasted coffee. Dissolve a soupspoonful in a 
 glass of water and take at one dose. Be careful of the diet. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — South Americans claim that burnt salt is an ex- 
 cellent remedy for this disease. 
 
86 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK, 
 
 2. Remittent Fever. — During the fever the mother should wrap the 
 child in wet cloths until it sweats, then wash in warm water. Put cloths 
 wrung out of cold water to the head if it is hot and change frequently. This 
 is for remittent fever. 
 
 3. Onions, Garlics, Mustard, Vinegar. — Give a cathartic and place 
 either onion, garlic or mustard poultices to the feet and apply equal parts 
 of vinegar and water to the head. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — If garlic poultices are used it is hardly necessary 
 to add that it might be a good plan for the nurse to hold her breath while 
 attending to the patient. 
 
 4. Herb Teas. — Mothers will find the following remedy valuable for 
 remittent fever of children. When the fever is on, let the patient drink freely 
 of warm balm, catnip or elder flower tea. When the fever is oflf, take a quart 
 of boiling water and add a tablespoonful of each of the following in powder 
 form: dogwood bark, black cohosh root, chamomile flowers and Solomon's 
 seal root. Steep for four hours in a covered vessel and, when cold, strain and 
 sweeten. Give a teaspoonful every hour. 
 
 5. Catnip, Boneset, Pennyroyal, Red Pepper and Lemonade. — During 
 the chills of ague let the patient drink either catnip, boneset, pennyroyal or 
 red pepper tea and during the fever allow cold lemonade. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The first three of these teas cause sweating, red 
 pepper stimulates the stomach and lemonade quenches the thirst and supplies 
 citric acid. * 
 
 6. Ginger and Hot Milk. — Add a large tablespoonful of ground ginger 
 to a pint of milk, heat and drink when the chills come on. Repeat before 
 each chill if necessary. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Ginger is stimulating and warming. 
 
 7. Lemon Juice. — Drink the juice of three lemons every other day if 
 you have chills and fever. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Each lemon yields from 2 to 8 drams of juice con' 
 taining from 7 to 9 per cent, of citric acid besides phosphoric and malic acids 
 in combination with potassa and other bases. The juice is good as a sweater 
 for colds and has many other uses both internal and external. 
 
 8: Coffee and Citric Acid. — ^Just before a chill comes on drink a cup of 
 hot coffee in which has been dissolved fifteen grains of citric acid. A woman 
 in Mississippi where this disease is common tells of several instances where 
 this treatitient has cured some very bad cases. 
 
 9. Cotton Seed Tea. — ^A southern lady gives the following: "To two 
 pints of water add 1 pint of cotton seed and boil to a pint. Strain and take 
 while warm about an hour before the chill is expected." 
 
 10. Dandelion and Quinine. — Put two ounces of elixir of dandelion into 
 an 8 ounce bottle. Add 40 grains of quinine and fill the bottle with simple 
 syrup. Shake well and take a tablespoonful three or four times a day. For 
 children, give in proportion to their ages. This is claimed to be a sure remedy., 
 
 Physician's Remark, — Dandelion acts upon the bowels and thus causes 
 them to do better work during ague. 
 
 11. Mandrake Root, Molasses and Boxwood Tea. — Squeeze out 1^/^ 
 tablespoonfuls of juice from freshly dug mandrake root and mix with the 
 same quantity of molasses. This will make three doses of a tablespoonful 
 each. Take two hours apart. Then drink boxwood tea which is made from 
 the bark. Drink this freely for a couple of weeks. 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 87 
 
 13. Quinine and Red Pepper. — Mix 10 grains of quinine and 4 grains 
 of red pepper, divide into 3 doses and take four hours, two hours and one 
 hour before the chill is expected. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — I think that larger doses of the quinine could be 
 used to bet(ir advantage. 
 
 13. Soot Tea. — Take a tablespoonful of wood soot scraped from the 
 chimney and steep in a pint of water. Settle with an egg and add sugar and 
 cream and drink wiai each meal the same as coffee. 
 
 14. Wormwood Tea. — ^This is very good for the chills. 
 
 15. Lemon and Salt. — Eat one raw lemon with a little salt three times 
 a day and take some good laxative. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This keeps the stomach, liver and bowels in good 
 condition. 
 
 ANTHRAX. 
 
 Description. — Thi,s is an infectious disease common in Europe and 
 South America. 
 
 Cause. — It is due to the presence of germs called the bacillus anthracis. 
 It comes largely frorn handling infected animals or their raw hides. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 The treatment is preventive. Forbid handling the raw hides and infected 
 animals if they have any superficial wounds. 
 
 LOCK JAW. 
 Tetanus. 
 
 Cause. — This is produced by germs or the bacillus of tetanus. It can 
 be caused by poisoning from a very small and insignificant wound such 
 as a pin prick, a rusty nail or a cut from a tin can. Fourth of July produces 
 many cases because of the injuries happening on this day. 
 
 Symptoms. — The muscles become rigid and set so that the limbs are fixed 
 and the jaw locked. 
 
 Treatment. — Tetanus antitoxin is the remedy, but it must be used early. 
 Should be given immediately after the wound if possible. Give chloral hy- 
 drate and the bromides in full doses for the spasms. Give nourishing and 
 easily digested foods and feed through a tube inserted in the nostrils if 
 necessary. All wounds should be cleaned and dressed as directed under 
 " Blood Poisoning." 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Wood Ashes, Vinegar, Cayenne Pepper, Etc. — Put hot wood ashes 
 into hot water, wet thick cloths in the water and apply to the jaws as quickly 
 as possible and at the same time bathe the entire backbone with hot vinegar 
 with either cayenne pepper or mustard added. If vinegar is not at hand 
 use hot water in its place. Persist in this treatment and the jaws will "relax. 
 
 2. Turpentine. — Some spirits of turpentine poured upon almost any 
 kind of a wound will often give relief. 
 
 3. Tobacco. — JMoisten some tobacco thoroughly and lay upon the pa- 
 tient's stomach. This will cause sickness and relaxing of the muscles as there 
 are many nerves in this region. Do not leave it on longer than is neces- 
 sary to produce the desired effect or it may cause deathly sickness. 
 
 4. Nicotine. — Give nicotine in one-drop doses in a little wine often 
 
88 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 enough to control the convulsions. In some cases two drops will be re- 
 <iuired. This remedy comes from Scotland and is claimed to be very effective. 
 Nicotine is a poison contained in tobacc©. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This drug should be used very carefully. 
 
 GONORRHCEA. 
 (See Men's Department.) 
 
 DENGUE. 
 Breakbone Fever — Three-Day Fever. 
 
 This is also called " Dandy Fever," " Bouquet Fever " and " Bucket 
 Fever." It is an acute infectious disease and is usually epidemic There is 
 severe pain in the muscles and joints and the patient has a peculiar walk. 
 
 MALTA FEVER. 
 
 This is commonly found on the Island of Malta. 
 
 MASHA FEVER. 
 This is a disease found in certain sections of India. 
 
 BERIBERL 
 
 This is epidemic multiple-neuritis found in tropical and sub-tropical 
 countries. 
 
 FUNGUS FOOT. 
 Mycetoma. 
 
 This is the maderia foot or fungus foot of India. It is characterized 
 by an enlargement of the feet or hands. So far as is known it is limited to 
 the natives of India and Europeans who go there do not seem to take it. 
 
 LUMP JAW. 
 Actinomycosis — Wooden Tongue. 
 
 This is a chronic infectious disorder produced by germs. It is some- 
 times called the ray fungus. It is far more common in cattle. When the 
 tongue is affected it is called wooden tongue. 
 
 TICK FEVER. 
 
 This is usually seen in western Montana. 
 Cause. — It is caused by the bite of the " tick." 
 
 Treatment. — Give fifteen grains of quinine hypodermically every six 
 hours. Stimulate the heart. Drink large quantities of water. 
 
 GLANDERS. 
 Farcy. 
 
 This disease is generally met with in the horse but it is sometimes taken 
 by man. Nodules or masses appear in the nostrils of the horse. When they 
 appear on the skin the disease is called farcy. 
 
 Cause. — It is caught by taking care of a horse with glanders. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease develops about four days after infection. The 
 patient feels wretched, has fever and there is circumscribed swelling at the 
 place of infection. This is followed in a few days by ulceration of the mem- 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 89 
 
 brane lining the nose passages and there is a discharge of muco-pus. There 
 is cough and difficult swallowing. The disease is very dangerous. 
 
 Treatment, — Open the swellings and give free drainage. Give a nour- 
 ishing diet and stimulants. 
 
 LEPROSY. 
 
 " A chronic infectious disease caused by bacilli leprae, characterized by 
 the presence of tubercular nodules (lumps) in the skin and mucous mem^ 
 branes (tubercular leprosy), or by changes in the nerves (anaesthetic leprosy). 
 At first these forms may be separate but ultimately both are combined and 
 in the characteristic tubercular form there are disturbances of sensation." 
 (Dr. Osier.) 
 
 History. — ^It seems that the disease prevailed in Egypt even as early 
 as three or four thousand years before Christ, and both in China and India 
 the disease was known many centuries before the Christian era. All the 
 cases that now ?xist in Great Britain are imported. In Europe the disease 
 is prevalent in Sweden and Norway, parts of Russia and particularly the 
 districts about Dorpat, Riga and the Caucasus, and in some parts of Spain 
 and Portugal. In the United States there are three important regions where 
 the disease is found. In Louisiana the disease has existed since 1785 and has 
 increased of late. It is estimated that there are between 300 and 500 cases in 
 Louisiana. The disease has been brought into California by the Chinese 
 and cases are not infrequent. It is known that about 170 lepers settled in 
 Minnesota with the Norwegian colonists but the disease has steadily de- 
 creased. The disease is also found in Canada and Mexico and is more 
 common in the West Indies. 
 
 Modes o£ Infection. — (a) Inoculation — A person may be infected bv ac- 
 cidental inocalation. (b) Heredity — It may be transmitted from parent to 
 child, but this is doubtful. In this respect it is similar to tuberculosis. The 
 youngest cases are rarely under three or four years. 
 
 It may be spread through infected clothing, merchandise, etc., but the 
 closest and most intimate contact is necessary. Doctors, nurses and sisters 
 of charity seldom take the disease. 
 
 The tubercles of leprosy consist of tissue which is made up of various 
 sized cells in a connective tissue matrix. The germs lie in great numbers 
 partly between and partly in the cells. The skin is gradually aflfected and 
 tuberous outgrowths appear with intervening- spaces of ulceration which 
 in the face may gradually produce the so-called facies leotina or lion face. 
 The mucous membrane may also be affected and particularly about the eyes 
 and the back part of the throat. Deep ulcers form in many cases and the 
 <-esult is often the loss of toes, fingers and other parts of the body. In an- 
 aesthetic leprosy the development of the germs in the fibers of the nerves 
 produces peripheral neuritis. This involvement of the nerves is the cause 
 of many of the important features, and particularly the changes and de- 
 struction of the tissues of the skin and the disturbances of sensation. 
 
 Treatment. — There are no specific remedies for this disease. Segrega- 
 tion, or the placing of the patients by themselves, should be compulsory in 
 all cases unless the friends have ample provision in their homes for their 
 isolation and care. 
 
90 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 HYDROPHOBIA. 
 
 In the preparation of this article we have consulted some of the best 
 authorities in the country on the subject of the treatment of hydrophobia 
 by the Pasteur method. Institutes for the treatment of this disease by this 
 method are located at Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Chicago, Illinois ; Austin, Texas ; 
 Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and New York City. Doubt- 
 less they will be established in many other cities before many years. 
 
 Hydrophobia is an infectious disease transmitted to man by the bite 
 of a dog or some other animal suffering from " madness " or rabies. The 
 disease is communicated by the bite of the mad animal and by means of the 
 saliva. This poison is naturally located in the nervous system and does not 
 seem to keep its poisonous power when introduced into any other system of 
 organs. So hydrophobia is a nervous disease. In order to have a poisonous 
 effect this poison must touch a broken nerve trunk. When the poison comes 
 in contact with the end of a broken nerve trunk it slowly spreads to the higher 
 nerve centers and in time causes hydrophobia. 
 
 The term " rabies " applies more particularly to animals suffering with 
 this disease than to man. The term means " to become mad " or " to rage." 
 " Hydrophobia " comes from a Greek word which means " water-fear." In 
 man, when suffering from this disease, we sometimes find a dread of water and 
 that is why we apply the one term to man and the other to animals. The dog 
 and other lower animals will try again and again to drink even though the 
 attempt h"ngs on a spasm of the muscles used in swallowing. It seems 
 that the animal is more excitable and at the same time its sensitiveness to 
 outside impressions is deadened and so the animal will try to drink even 
 when it causes great pain. 
 
 After a person hap been bitten it is generally from three to six months 
 before the disease develops. The disease is seldom over six months in de- 
 veloping but one case is reported where it developed thirteen days after the 
 person was bitten. 
 
 During the first stage of the disease or the stage of excitement the pa- 
 tient-has an expression of great anxiety. One of the marked features of the 
 disease is that quite early the patient dreads the sight of water. The patient 
 is very nervous or excitable and is very sensitive to feeling or pain and an 
 unexpected noise or a draft of air may cause great nervous disturbance and 
 a violent contraction of the muscles of the upper part of the windpipe. These 
 contractions, or spasms, may be so violent as to make it very hard for the 
 patient to breathe and may cause him to make curious sounds. He may 
 also make snapping noises with the mouth. This is caused by the contrac- 
 tions or spasms of the muscles of the mouth. The patient may froth at 
 the mouth and he frequently rolls his head from one side to the other and 
 is very restless and nervous. The attacks come on by spells or occur in 
 paroxysms and between these attacks the patient is free from excitement. 
 The pulse is somewhat faster than normal and generally the fever, is between 
 100 and 103 degrees though sometimes there is no fever at all. Spasms of 
 the breathing apparatus develop spontaneously toward the latter part of the 
 first stage of the disease. Oftentimes the patient is so attacked with melan- 
 cholia that he commits suicide. 
 
 The disease lasts from one to three days. The paralytic stage follows 
 the stage of excitement and lasts from twelve to eighteen hours. The pa- 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. PI 
 
 « 
 tient is conscious of his intense pain until death releases him from his great 
 sufifering. 
 
 The three marked features or symptoms that usually characterize this 
 disease are fear, excitement and spasms of the swallowing muscles. These 
 terminate in general paralysis. 
 
 Mad dogs cause about nine out of every ten cases of hydrophobia in 
 men and animals. The cat causes about six per cent, of the cases and the 
 remaining cases are caused by mad horses, wolves, foxes and other animals. 
 Many animals are subject to the disease when bitten by an animal sufifering 
 from it. 
 
 In making demonstrations in the laboratory the rabbit and the guinea 
 pig are used. In diagnosing, the guinea pig is generally used for the disease 
 develops in it quicker than in other animals. Because of their convenient 
 size and because they are easily operated on rabbits are generally used to 
 produce the material for treating hydrophobia patients. 
 
 Patients are treated by injecting them with a serum prepared for the 
 purpose. The brain of a mad dog is taken and from this an emulsion is 
 made. Some of this emulsion or poison is then injected into the brain of 
 a live rabbit and after the rabbit dies of hydrophobia its spinal cord is 
 taken out and put into a fluid in a glass case. Fourteen of these cords are 
 kept for use and each of the rabbits from which they were taken died at a 
 different time so that the cords are of different ages. A serum is made from 
 each of the cords with which to inject the patient who has been bitten. 
 This treatment must be given, however, before the disease has developed 
 in the patient. The fourteenth spinal cord is the oldest and hence the weakest, 
 or the least poisonous, and the serum made from this one is the one first in- 
 jected into the patient, then later the serum from the thirteenth cord is 
 injected into the patient and next from the twelfth and so on until he has 
 been injected with a serum made from each of the cords. The strength of 
 the serum used is thus increased at each injection until he has taken enough 
 and of the proper strength to make him immune to the disease. It takes 
 an expert to give the proper quantity and strength and make the treatment 
 effective. The serum is not injected directly from a mad dog for that would 
 be too strong but it is weakened by passing through the rabbit. 
 
 To tell whether a dog which has bitten a person was really mad or 
 not an emulsion can be made from the brain of the dog and injected into a 
 rabbit or guinea pig and if the animal develops hydrophobia you are then 
 sure the dog had it. This method takes too long, however, for if the dog 
 was mad the patient ought to begin treatment at once. A quicker way of 
 determining whether the animal had rabies is to examine the brain. If it 
 had the disease peculiar little bodies will be found in the brain. This is 
 why it is necessary to send the head of the dog to the institute if you have 
 been bitten and are suspicious that it was mad. 
 
 A person may get hydrophobia not only by being bitten by a dog with 
 rabies but he may get it by having the animal lick a wound on the hand or 
 face. He is just as likely to take it this way as by being bitten for it is the 
 saliva that transmits the disease. Of course most cases are caused by being 
 bitten. The lacerated or torn wounds on the hands and face are considered the 
 most dangerous. , The two things that render the wound most dangerous are 
 its locality or closeness to the brain and the large amount of infection trans- 
 mitted. These two conditions make immediate treatment necessary and 
 
93 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK, 
 
 yet an insignificant wound should also have prompt and thorough treatment 
 for death may be caused by a very small wound. If the wound is but a 
 small one the disease probably will not develop so quickly but it can be 
 just as fatal as a larger wound and this should be considered in deciding 
 whether to begin the Pasteur treatment or not. 
 
 It is very commonly believed that a dog goes mad because of the lack 
 of water, because of being confined or because of hot weather and yet these 
 conditions alone cannot cause rabies. As far as is known a dog or any other 
 animal never took the disease spontaneously but it was always the result 
 of infection from some other animal. Up to a few years ago it was believed 
 that rabies was a hot weather disease but the great number of cases occur- 
 ring during the winter months has proven this belief to be unfounded. 
 
 It is believed by many that the disease is sure to follow if bitten by a 
 mad animal but the truth is that only about forty per cent, of the animals 
 bitten by rabid animals take the disease. And when we speak of man alone,' 
 the statistics show that only about twenty per cent, of the persons bitten 
 by rabid animals develop the disease. And ySt when one is considering pre- 
 ventive treatment it is wise to consider each case dangerous and to take 
 treatment the same as though you were sure the disease would develop ii 
 you did not. The danger is too great to take any chances. 
 
 Bites on the exposed parts of the body like the head, neck and hands are 
 most likely to result in hydrophobia because there is no clothing to par- 
 tially protect these parts. Bites on the face and head are especially dangerous 
 because they are so close to the brain. It is claimed that bites on the head 
 give a mortality of eighty per cent, and they cause death more quickly than 
 bites on other parts of the body. 
 
 Pasteur did the original work in treating hydrophobia by this method 
 and the work now done by the Pasteur Institutes is the practical applica- 
 tion of his methods. Pasteur was an eminent French chemist and began his 
 search for the cause and cure of this disease in 1880 and in 1886 he considered 
 that the inoculation of people as a preventive of this disease was a justifiable 
 experiment. During the years between 1880 and 1886 he proved by experi- 
 ments that the lower animals coul(I be protected in this way from the disease. 
 As a result of these experiments on animals he concluded that he was justi- 
 fied in trying the treatment on people and on July 6th, 1886 the first human 
 patient took the first of these treatments. Between 1878 and 1883, seventeen 
 per cent, of the cases of hydrophobia proved fatal. This was before the time 
 of the Pasteur treatment. The records of the Pasteur Institute in Paris 
 for the years 1886, 1887 and the first half of 1888 show that during this 
 time 5374 persons took this treatment under the supervision of Pasteur. Each 
 of these persons had been bitten by an animal either proven or suspected 
 of being mad. The death rate for all in 1886 was one, and thirty-four one- 
 hundredths per cent., for 1887 it was one and twelve one-hundredths per 
 cent, and in 1888 it was seventy-seven one-hundredths of one per cent. With 
 later changes that have been made in the methods of treatment the death 
 rate of all treated has been reduced to three-tenths of one per cent. 
 
 The Pasteur treatment must be taken before the development of the dis- 
 ease. After the first symptoms of the disease appear the treatment is of 
 'no value. If the disease developed at once after being bitten it would be im- 
 possible to carry out the Pasteur treatment. But, as has been previously 
 said, the disease is generally from three to six months in developing and the 
 
INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 93 
 
 patient takes advantage of this time to be treated. This disease develops 
 only in the nerve tissue and is carried along the nerve trunks to the brain. 
 
 If a dog which is not naturally vicious suddenly bites, and without ap- 
 parent cause, it should be tied up securely and watched for several days to 
 see if the disease develops in the dog. Sometimes the only symptom no- 
 ticed at first is a tendency to bite without sufficient cause but if watched for 
 several days the stage of excitement and then of paralysis will come on. If 
 the dog shows symptoms of madness during these days of confinement the 
 wound should be considered dangerous. 
 
 Cauterizing or burning the wound is a wise preventive measure for the 
 time. This is generally recognized as the first and most important preven- 
 tive treatment. There seems to be some misunderstanding, however, as to 
 the proper method of doing this and as to how long a time may elapse after 
 the bite before the burniiig will be of no value. This misunderstanding 
 seems to extend even to the physicians. 
 
 This cauterizing should not be neglected because several hours have 
 passed since the bite. Of course the sooner it is done the better but it >vill 
 sometimes be of value even after two or three days have passed since the in- 
 fliction of the wound. If it has been some time since the bite the parts should 
 be thoroughly laid open and scrubbed as well as cauterized, The poison is in 
 the broken nerve trunks and does not travel very rapidly, hence the value of 
 cauterizing even at a late date. 
 
 The liberal use of fuming nitric acid is much the best method of cau- 
 terizing. Nitric acid is very penetrating but even with the use of this acid 
 ten per cent, of the animals experimented on die. Ninety-five per cent, 
 carbolic acid should be used if there is no nitric acid at hand but the nitric 
 acid is better. Whichever is used, the parts should afterwards be washed 
 well with sterile or boiled water. And if the carbolic acid has been used 
 the part should first be washed with absolute alcohol, then with sterile water 
 and then a one to seven thousand bichloride dressing should be applied. If 
 the carbolic acid is thoroughly washed out there will not be the danger of 
 ulceration which frequently occurs after the use of this acid. 
 
 With the application of either of these methods an occasional life may 
 be saved and this is especially true where the wounds are large and a large 
 quantity of poison has been transmitted. If a part of the virus is destroyed 
 by burning, the Pasteur treatment will be made more certain for the Pasteur 
 treatment alone might not be enough to save some cases where much poison 
 has been inoculated. 
 
 If ther^ are good grounds for believing that the animal was mad the 
 patient should be sent to a Pasteur institute at once. It is of great importance 
 that the treatment begin as soon after iiioculation as possible. It is not 
 best to wait until the animal dies or until experiments have been made upon 
 animals. Of course, if there is a great deal of doubt as to whether the animal 
 was mad one might sometimes be justified in waiting until the result of the 
 test has been made known. 
 
 The entire head of the animal supposed to be mad should be sent at 
 once bj' express to the laboratory of the Pasteur Institute in one of the 
 previously mentioned cities. Or, it is best to have a health officer take it 
 personally. The brain will then be examined and if the test shows that the 
 animal was mad the patient can begin treatment at once. _ 
 
 In one of the Ann Arbor cases the brain was examined and the dog 
 
94 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 pronounced mad within twenty minutes after the head was received and 
 \yithin the next hour and a half the patient had begun her course of preven- 
 tive treatment. 
 
 SUMMARY, OR WHAT TO DO IF YOU ARE BITTEN BY A 
 
 ' MAD DOG. 
 
 From this article, then, we would gather that if a person is bitten by a 
 dog which he has reason to believe is mad, he should at once open the wound 
 and cauterize, or burn, it with nitric acid; or, if this is not at hand he should 
 use carbolic acid. (Use a red hot iron if no acid can be obtained.) This 
 ishould be done immediately but will be of some good even after three days. 
 The patient should then immediately go to one of these institutes in one 
 of the cities mentioned at the beginning of the article; or, at least he should 
 send the head of the dog by express or by person to the same place and 
 then if the test shows that the animal had hydrophobia he himSelf should go 
 to the institute without delay. 
 
 If a person is bitten by a dog and it is very doubtful about its being 
 mad, the dog should at once be fastened up and watched for at least seven 
 days unless symptoms of hydrophobia develop earlier. If the dog shows 
 symptom.s within this time the person bitten should lose no time in going to 
 one of these Pasteur Institutes for treatment. Do not forget to save the head 
 of the dog so that it may be examined and thus make certain whether or not 
 it was mad. ' 
 
 ' The first symptom of this disease is a difficulty in swallowing. 
 
 Remember that if you are bitten by a mad dog it is too late to do any- 
 thing after the first symptoms appear. The treatment is purely preventive 
 so it is best to lose no time. 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS, BRONCHIAL 
 TUBES AND AIR PASSAGES. 
 
 (Diseases of Respiration.) 
 
 Description of Organs. — In order to locate correctly the organs of res- 
 piration, or the organs used in breathing, it will be necessary and con- 
 venient to also locate two or three organs th^t do not belong to this system, 
 like the gullet and tonsils, for instance. 
 
 In front, the roof of the mouth is called the hard palate and behind it 
 is called the soft palate. The hard palate is continuous with the soft palate. 
 The soft palate is a movable fold of flesh hanging or suspended from the 
 back border of the hard palate. Hanging from the middle of the lower border 
 of the soft palate above the root of the tongue is a soft, fleshy mass called 
 the pendulum of the palate or the uvula. This is plainly seen upon looking 
 into the mouth. Arching downward and outward from the base of the uvula 
 on each side are two curved folds of mucous membrane called the " arches " 
 or ■' pillars " of the soft palate or pillars of the fauces. The space left 
 between these arches or pillars is called the isthmus of the fauces. The 
 " fauces " is the opening which is between the mouth in front and the pharynx 
 behind. The arches or pillars are on both sides of the fauces and the uvula 
 or pendulum hangs down into it. As before stated there are two arches 
 or pillars on each side and between the two are the tonsils, one on each 
 side of the fauces. The surface of the tonsils toward the pharynx has from 
 twelve to fifteen openings each leading into a small opening or crypt. From 
 these crypts or openings there are numerous follicles branching out into 
 the substance of the tonsils by very irregular channels. The pharynx is the 
 opening or box which lies behind the fauces. It is a part of the alimentary 
 canal and from it are passages leading to the mouth, nose, ears and oesophagus 
 or gullet. The larynx also opens into the pharynx. 
 
 The oesophagus or gullet extends from the pharynx to the stomach and 
 enters or connects with the stomach at a point opposite the tenth dorsal 
 vertebra. It is from nine to ten inches long. It is a part of the alimentary 
 canal and of course belongs to the digestive apparatus instead of the breath- 
 ing apparatus. It is the tube down which the food goes from the throat to 
 the stomach. 
 
 The larynx is the voice box where sounds are made. It is four and a 
 half inches long and is situated between the base of the tongue and the 
 trachea or windpipe. It forms a projection in front called the " Adam's 
 apple " and this moves distinctly when we swallow. The larynx is really 
 an enlargement at the upper end of the windpipe. Across it are stretched 
 the vocal cords which produce the voice. 
 
 The trachea, or windpipe, extends from the lower part of the larynx, on 
 a lei-el with the sixth cervical vertebra, to opposite the fourth or fifth dorsal 
 vertebra. Here it divides into two bronchi, or tubes, called bronchial tubes, 
 
 95 
 
96 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 One goes to each lung. The right one is^ larger but shorter than the left one 
 and is about an inch in length. It enters the right lung opposite the fifth 
 dorsal vertebra. The left tube is smaller but longer than the right one, 
 being nearly two inches long. It enters the root of the left lung about an 
 inch lower than the right tube enters the right lung or opposite the sixth 
 dorsal vertebra. 
 
 The pleura covers each lung upon its outer surface as far as its root 
 and is then reflected upon the inner surface of the chest. Between these 
 two layers is the cavity of the pleura and it contains a very little clear fluid. 
 Each pleura is a separate and a closed sac. In a healthy condition the two 
 layers of each pleura are in contact. Pleurisy is a disease or inflammation 
 of the pleura. 
 
 The lungs are the organs of respiration and are two in number. They 
 are placed one on each side of the chest. The right lung has three lobes 
 and the left but two. The bronchial tubes divide and sub-divide into many 
 small air passages in the lungs and these finally end in the air cells. The tissue 
 between these cells contains many small blood vessels where the blood cir- 
 culates and is purified by giving off its poisons to the air and taking in oxygen 
 from the air. 
 
 WHOOPING COUGH. 
 Pertussis. 
 
 Description. — ^This is an acute, specific, infectious disease. It is also 
 contagious. It occurs most frequently between the first and second years 
 and next most frequently between the sixth and twelfth months. It is par- 
 ticularly a disease of childhood but may attack persons of any age. A per- 
 son very seldom has the disease more than once. The death rate is great- 
 est during the first year, being about twenty per cent. Between the first and 
 fifth years the death rate is about five per cent. The occurrence of pneu- 
 monia in children under two years of age adds to the death rate. 
 
 SYMPTOMS — First or Beginning Stages. — ^It begins with what seems 
 to be a cold with a cough which is worse at night. This cough becomes 
 more and more troublesome no matter what treatment is used. After four 
 or five days there may be vomiting and especially after eating. As time 
 goes on the coughing lasts longer each time and the patient becomes red in 
 the face and spits up a large amount of mucus. This period without whoop- 
 ing may last ten or twelve days. Some cases have but very little of the 
 whooping. There is some fever during the first few days. 
 
 Second or Spasmodic Stage. — The whoop now appears and this is a 
 distinguishing feature of the disease. The cough is very spasmodic and 
 occurs in paroxysms beginning with the drawing in of ' the breath and is 
 marked by a loud crowing sound- called the whoop. The number of these 
 spells of coughing generally increases and the patient may have from 30 
 to 100 in 34 hours. This second stage of the disease may last two or three 
 weeks. 
 
 Third Stage or Stage of Decline. — ^The number of fits of coughing de- 
 creases and the cough is less severe. The spells of coughing may stop grad- 
 ually or suddenly after from four to twelve weeks. The whoop may re- 
 appear at times afterwards. After the whoop has disappeared the cough 
 may continue for some time, especially if the disease occurs during the fall 
 months. In young persons the lungs may become afifected so that the child 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 97 
 
 gets pneumonia or bronchitis. Whooping cough generally lasts for two 
 
 months, more or less. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 " What To Do," — Give good nursing, keep the bowels open and be on 
 the watch for symptoms of pneumonia or bronchitis. Immediately attend 
 to any fever that appears or continues going higher. 
 
 "_What Not to Do." — Do not over feed. Do not let the bowels become 
 'constipated. Do not let the child take cold or serious consequences may 
 follow. 
 
 Medical Treatment. — As a general thing the medical treatment is un- 
 satisfactory unless daiigeroUs medicihes are used. Antipyrin is used in large 
 doses and so is quinine but the doses are so large that I consider them in- 
 jurious. Belladonna is also used in doses large enough to produce a rash on 
 the skin. I cannot advise this in such doses. I consider Vapo-Cresoline one 
 of the best remedies and the directions for its use will be given under " Nurs- 
 ing." Teas made from clover blossoms and from green chestnut leaves are 
 also very good. 
 
 Homeopathic Ti-eatmeflt. — The third dilutibn of Belladonna, the third 
 trituration of Cuprum and also Drosera are much used by Homeopaths. For 
 •■his disease 1 cannot say that I have found the homeopathic medicines as 
 beneficial as in many other diseases. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — The patient should be dressed warrtily and comfort- 
 ably. Children should be fed frequently and in small amounts and the food 
 should be liquid. When the disease is attended with much fever it should 
 receive prompt attehtion as this indicates bronchitis or pneumonia. Medi- 
 cine will help the complications or accompanying diseases more than it will 
 the whooping cough. In summer it is best iot the children to be out of doors. 
 In winter they should be kept in a warm and well ventilated room with the 
 temperature at about '^0 degrees. The air should be moistened by liberating 
 in the room small quantities of steam from a kettle of boiling water or from 
 a croup kettle or by dropping pieces of unslacked lime into a bucket of water. 
 When it is not possible to keep the child in an evenly heated room, a most 
 excellent method, particularly in those cases where the attacks are frequent 
 at night, is to place the child in a bronchitis or croup tent as described in the 
 Nursing Department. 
 
 Vapo-Cresoline. — This is the best remedy I have ever used. It can be 
 bought at any drug store and the directions are on a circular which comes 
 wrapped around the bottle. Vapo-Cresoline is to be burned in the closed 
 sleeping room at night when the patient goes to bed. This allows the patient 
 to sleep well and it is not dangeiroUs. I hive Used it many times during the I4st 
 15 years and it has never failed me. If you wish, you can buy the lamp that 
 goes with it or you can use a common lamp and make a wire holder for the 
 granite cup and place it on top of the chimney high enough so that the lamp 
 does not smoke. Put the vapo-cresoline in the cup to the depth of about one- 
 fourth an inch. If more is needed it can be added later. Lieht the lamp in the 
 closed sleeping room about 10 minutes before the patient goes to bed. Leave 
 no windows open or the vapor will all escape. Remove all clothes from the 
 room or they will retain the odor fOr a long time. This treatment is good for 
 either childreft or grown people who are siiffering with whooping coU'gh. 
 
 After Effects. — Bronchitis and pneumonia often comq during or after 
 whooping cough and the patient should be very careful not to take cbM or 
 7 
 
98 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 one of these diseases may be the result. If not properly cared for, the 
 patient may be left in a weakened condition and thus be more subject to 
 consumption. Indigestion and diarrhea are other after effects and attention 
 should be paid to the diet. Sometimes there are convulsions and paralysis. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Chestnut Leaf Tea. — This is probably the best remedy known for 
 whooping cough. To a pint of boiling water add a handful of the green 
 leaves, steep, sweeten, and when cool let the child drink of the tea five or 
 six times a day. 
 
 2. Clover Blossom Tea. — Gather red clover blossoms, make a tea of 
 them and drink it freely. This is both a preventive and a cure. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Dr. Hartshorn in his book advocates the use of 
 clover tea and especially a tea made from green chestnut leaves. These are 
 claimed to be very good and a good feature of them is that they cannot injure 
 the child as is sometimes done with strong drugs. 
 
 3. Licorice, Butter, Sulphur, Etc. — Mix equal parts of licorice, sulphur, 
 fresh butter and spermaceti. This may be taken freely. 
 
 4. Pine Boughs, Wintergreeil and Sweet Oil. — Boil some pine boughs, 
 wintergreen and sweet oil and use the solution. 
 
 5. Ammonia. — One of the best remedies is to boil some strong ammonia 
 in the room and let the child inhale the fumes. 
 
 6. Turpentine. — A physician of Vienna recommends the placing of 
 twenty drops of oil of turpentine on a handkerchief and holding it before the 
 child's face while it takes ,30 or 40 deep breaths. 
 
 7. Peach Leaves. — Make a tea of peach leaves by adding an ounce of 
 the leaves to a pint of cold water and allowing to stand until the water ha= 
 taken part of their strength. Give a tablespoonful every hour or two. 
 
 8. Skunk Cabbage. — The tincture made of the fresh root of skunk cab- 
 bage is good for whooping cough. The dose is from 1 to 3 drams. 
 
 9. Maiden Hair Tea. — A tea made of maiden hair will be found an ex- 
 cellent remedy for whooping csugh. 
 
 COLDS, COUGHS AND HOARSENESS. 
 (Acute Coryza) 
 
 The symtoms are too well known to need description. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Keep the children well clothed and out of doors as much as 
 possible. Have ventilation in the sleeping rooms so that plenty of fresh air 
 can enter. The temperature of the house should be from 68 to 70 degrees. 
 Begin out door treatment in the summer and sleep with plenty of !resh air 
 during the whole year. Use cold sponging upon rising in the morning an-l 
 especially upon the chest, throat and spine. Wear flannel underclothing on 
 the chest all year and on the limbs in winter. This applies particularly to 
 children. The underwear should be medium weight in winter and lighter 
 in summer. Give cod liver oil to weak children to build them up so they will 
 not take cold easily. Do not use chest protectors, cotton pads or extremely 
 thick clothing on children. If a child is subject to frequent colds, see if 
 theft; are adenoids in the pharynx, or throat. To avoid taking cold alway.= 
 change wet clothing; immediately. t>& not get to sweating and theft sit 
 down to cool oE and do not stay in a poorly ventilated room and breathe the 
 same air over and over. 
 
DISEASES OR THE LUNGS. 99 
 
 "What t« Do." — Grease the nese, throat, faee and cliest with sweet oil, 
 lard, camphor or camphorated oil twice daily. Keep the bowels open aftd if 
 necessary sweat the patient. 
 
 " What Not to Do." — Do net wear chest protectors or cotton pads. Do 
 not do anything that will mak^ you take more cold as serious diseases some- 
 times follow when the system is run down from a bad cold. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Foi an adult, at the beginning if there is fever, 
 give from % to 1 drop of aconite every two to four hours. Stop when the 
 throat feels dry and contracted. At night give hot lemonade and 10 grains 
 of Dover's powder. You can also give 1/100 of a grain of biniodide of mercury 
 with the aconite. Give ev^y 1 to 3 hours according to the age. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — At first give the second dilution of Aconite. 
 Put 10 to 15 drops in a glass half full of water and give 2 teaspoonfuls every 
 half hour to three hours according to the age of the patient. 
 
 Give tincture of camphor, 1 drop every 1 to 3 hours, where there is much 
 sneezing and water keeps dropping from the nose. 
 
 When the nose is stopped up and there is sneezing and hot burning 
 water coming from the nose give the third trituration of Arsenicum. Give 
 one tablet every 1 to 3 hours. 
 
 If there is a thick discharge give the third trituration of Mercurius Sol. 
 Give 1 tablet every 1 to 3 hours. 
 
 Also frequently rub on the outside a salve made with camphor and cream. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Onion Poultices, Etc., for Cold on the Lungs. — Make a poultice of 
 onions fried in lard and lay on the chest. Soak the feet in as hot water as 
 can be borne and drink a glass of hot lemonade and, if you have it, a little 
 senna tea before going to bed. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Lemonade will cause sweating, senna will move 
 the bowels and the onions will loosen the cold by drawing the congestion 
 from the lungs. 
 
 2. Camphor and Sugar for Cold in Head. — One of the very best reme- 
 dies for a cold in the head is to put one or two drops of spirits of camphor 
 on a lump of sugar, dissolve the sugar in half a glass of water and take a 
 teaspoonful every two hours. 
 
 Raysician's Remark. — Camphor will frequently stop a cold if taken at the 
 beginning. 
 
 3. Castor Oil, Molasses, Etc., for Snuffles or Cold in Head. — Keep the 
 bowels open with castor oil and molasses and grease the nostrils with mutton 
 suet, sweet oil or lard. v 
 
 4. Sage, Pennyroyal or Balm Tea. — Keep the bowels open and give 
 a dose of sage, pennyroyal or balm tea. 
 
 5. Camphorated Olive Oil. — Relief is often obtained by rubbing the 
 nose with camphorated olive oil. 
 
 6. Onion Syrup. — Give onion syrup made as follows. — Slice an onion 
 into a granite basin and add 1 tablespoonful of sugar and a small lump of 
 butter and simmer on the stove until thoroughly cooked and give a tea- 
 spoonful or two of the juice every little while. Sometimes it is necessary to 
 add a little water. 
 
 7. Skunk's Oil. — Applied to the throat and lungs this is a good remedy 
 for a cold on the lungs. Sometimes it is given internally in small doses. 
 
 0. Peppermint «md Suet. — Two or three drops of peppermint mixed 
 
100 PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 with an equal amount of suet and rubbed over the baby's chegt gives quick 
 relief in case of a cough or cold on the lungs. 
 
 9. Elder Flowers and Honey. — A remedy which comes from Russia pre- 
 scribes a tea made from elder flowers and sweetened with honey. Either fresh , 
 or dried flowers may be used. Cover up warmly in bed and drink freely of the 
 tea to induce sweating. 
 
 10. Camphor, Turpentine, Kerosene and Lard for Colds, Coughs and 
 Croup. — The following is excellent for these ailments. Saturate a flannel in a 
 mixture of one part each of spirits of camphor and turpentine and two parts 
 each of kerosene and lard. Apply warm to the throat and chest. 
 
 11. Balm of Gilead Buds, Honey and Lemon Juice. — To a quart of 
 water add two ounces of balm of Gilead buds, simmer down to a pint, strain 
 and add a pound of comb honey and the juice of three lemons. Boil together 
 until the wax in the honey is dissolved. This will cure coughs of long stand' 
 ing. 
 
 13. Borax ?nd Sugar. — For a cold in the head nothing is better than 
 powdered borax snufifed up the nose. Some add a little pulverized sugar. 
 Some also dissolve a tablespoonful of borax in a pint of water and snufif this 
 borax water two or three times a day. 
 
 13. Hot Lemonade.— Take just before going to bed. This is an old and 
 tried remedy for a cold. 
 
 14. Camphor. — A little camphor snuffed up the nose relieves a cold in 
 the head almost instantly. 
 
 Physician's Remark.— The camphor tends to dry up the secretion and is 
 a very good remedy. 
 
 15. Hot Roasted Onion.— Eat a hot roasted onion or onion syrup before 
 going to bed. The onion is a fine thing for colds. 
 
 Physician's Remark.— The onion syrup is better for a cough. 
 
 16. Hot Foot Bath and Hot Lem0nade.-r-B9.the the feet in hot water 
 and drink a teacupful of hot lemonade before going to bed. 
 
 17. Salt, Sugar and Water.— In the first stage a cold may be cured by 
 eating a mixture of ^/^ salt and % sugar and then drinking all the water that 
 the salt and sugar cause you to want, as both cause thirst. 
 
 18. Lard, Camphor, Turpentine, Kerosene, Etc. — For children give a 
 warm bath, being careful to let no cold air strike the child. Rub the chest, 
 arm pits and soles of the feet with a preparation of tallow or lard, a small 
 piece of camphor gum, 1 teaspoonful of kerosene, % spoonful of turpentine 
 and V^i spoonful of quinine, melted together slowly. If the cold is severe wet 
 a flannel cloth with the preparation and place over the chest then pyt the 
 child to bed and cover closely. Morning should find the child much better. 
 
 19. Turpentine, Ammonia, Etc. — Cold in Throat and Lungs. — Add to a 
 small lump of lard a little of each of the following : camphor, turpentine, coal 
 oil and ammonia. Heat these together and apply to the surface hot and thep 
 cover with a flannel cloth. 
 
 20. Sulphur for the Throat and Bronchial Tubes. — For a tickling in the 
 throat or a chronic affection of the bronchial tubes take 5 or 10 grains of 
 dry sulphur into the mouth on the back part of the tongue and retain it there 
 for a long time swallowing but a little at a time. 
 
 21. Diet for a Cold. — When you discover you have a cold do not eat 
 any supper and. upon retiring early in the evening, drink at least a pint of 
 cold water. Keep comfortably warm for »t least three days if possible. Eat 
 
DISEASES OP THE LUNGS. 101 
 
 raw apples as your principal diet. Do not over eat and abstain from meat and 
 pastry entirely. A cold should be starved. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Water and apples are laxative and cleansing. 
 
 22. Sweating for Severe Cold and Congestion. — Have the patient sit in 
 a tub of water as warm as he can bear. (A sitz bath is best but any tub 
 will do.) Place the feet in a large pail of hot water and pin heavy woolen 
 blankets or other bed clothing around the neck. Place a towel wet in cold 
 water on the nead. frequently give the patient cold water to drink. Keep 
 a,dding hot water to the tub and keep the patient in the bath until he sweats and 
 feels relaxed, ttave plenty of towels ready. When you take him out, while 
 he stands in the tub, sponge him off very quickly with water with the chill 
 taken off and rub briskly with towels and immediately put to bed in a warm 
 room. There should be one or more attendants if possible. The bed should 
 not be cold and the patient should be covered warmly and allowed to rest. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is a very fine treatment for colds. 
 
 23. Horehound Candy. — Dissolve about two sticks of horehound candy 
 in half a cup of boiling water and drink while hot before going to bed. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Horehound is an expectorant and is good for a 
 cold on the chest. 
 
 24. Wild Cherry Bark and Loaf Sugar. — Put ten cents worth of wild 
 cherry bark into a quart of water and boil down to a pint; add a pound of 
 loaf sugar, strain and take a teaspoonful every half hour. This is fine. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Wild cherry is a sedative and reduces the cough 
 and is an expectorant, and diminishes nervous irritability. 
 
 25. Quinine and Grease.— For babies, rub with quinine and grease. 
 
 26. Hot Lemonade and Flaxseed. — Hot lemonade with flaxseed sim- 
 mered in it for half an hour, then strained and sweetened, is an excellent rem- 
 edy. Take just before going to bed as it produces sweating. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Lemonade causes sweating and flaxseed is soothing 
 and laxative* 
 
 27. Camphor. — Put nine drops of camphor into half a glass of water 
 and give one teaspoonful every fifteen minutes. 
 
 28i Hot Towel for Congestion of the Lungs.— Fold a large towel several 
 times, wring out of hot water, and qtiickly apply to the chest. Change as 
 often as it becomes cool. 
 
 Physician's Remark.-^This draws the blood from the lungs to the sur- 
 face and thus relieves the congestion. 
 
 29. Lard, Ammonia and Camphor for Congestion of Lungs.— To two 
 parts of lard add one part of ammonia, heat the mixture, spread on cotton 
 batting and apply to chest. Also mix some camphor with this. 
 
 30. Camphorated Lard for Congestion, Lung Fever or Cold on the 
 Lungs. — Take foUr tablespoonfuls of lard, melt and stir in five cents worth 
 of gUm Camphor. Apply to the chest and throat and cover with flannel. 
 " The doctor cured my granddaughter of lung fever with this application," 
 says one mother. 
 
 31. Antiphlogistine. — Apply antiphlogistine to the chest. 
 
 32. Lard and Quinine. — For congestion of the lungs add a good-sized 
 powder of quinine to brte teaspoonful of lard, mix, and grease the chest 
 well and also aroUnd the arms, always rubbing downward; theu heat wbolen 
 cloths as hot as can be borne and lay across the chest. 
 
lOa THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 33. Onion Poultices. — Make hot poultices of onions and apply all over 
 the chest. Apply as hot as can be borne. This remedy has saved many lives. 
 
 34. Pleurisy Root, Etc. — Take two ounces each of powdered pleurisy 
 root, powdered spearmint and powdered sumach berries; one ounce each of 
 powdered bayberry bark and powdered skunk cabbage and one-half ounce of 
 powdered ginger. Two teaspoonfuls of this mixture may be steeped in one- 
 half pint of boiling water, sweetened and drank in wineglassful doses every 
 hour or two. In common colds, half a pint of the warm tea may be taken at 
 once. Repeat, if necessary, in an hour. 
 
 35. Honey and Lemon Juice.-^Flavor strained honey with lemon juice 
 and take a teaspoonful every half hour for a cough. 
 
 36. Honey, Vinegar and Butter. — Heat together some honey and vinegar 
 and melt a little fresh butter in the mixture. Take one or two teaspoonfuls 
 as often as necessary for a cough. 
 
 37. Vinegar, Molasses, H®ney, Camphor and Ipecac. — Put four ounces 
 each of vinegar, molasses and honey into an earthen vessel and stir them well 
 while simmering for a few minutes. Then add a dessert spoonful each of 
 compound tincture of camphor and ipecac wine. Give a dose every four 
 hours. This makes an excellent cough syrup. 
 
 38. Roasted Lemons. — The juice of a roasted lemon sweetened to taste 
 is one of the most excellent apd effective remedies ever used for a cough 
 of long standing. The dose is a tablespoonful every two or three hours. This 
 remedy was given us by an old German lady who secured it from her 
 physician in Germany. 
 
 39. Honey, Flaxseed Oil and Whiskey. — Equal parts of honey, flaxseed 
 oil and whiskey; mix, and give a teaspoonful as the cough requires. 
 
 Physician's Remark.— 'This loosens the cough and soothes the inflamed 
 parts. 
 
 40. Wild Cherry Bark, Loaf Sugar and Cayenne Pepper. — Make a syrup 
 of wild cherry bark and loaf sugar with a little cayenne pepper added. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Wild cherry aids in getting rid of the mucus and 
 lessens the cough. 
 
 41. Rum, Linseed Oil and Molasses. — Equal parts of rum, linseed oil 
 and molasses; one teaspoonful three times a day. This is for coughing. 
 
 42. Vinegar and Sugar.-^A simple remedy for a cough or cold which 
 afifects the throat is 5 teaspoonfuls of vinegar, 6 teaspoonfuls of sugar and 
 1 tumbler of water. Stir until the sugar is dissolved then take one or two 
 swallows each time you cough or once in ten or fifteen minutes until relieved. 
 
 43. Onion Syrup. — Take 1 quart of cistern water, 1 cup of sugar and 
 3 small onions and boil together. This is an excellent remedy for coughs. 
 
 44. Glycerine and Whiskey.- — Take equal parts of each. 
 
 45. Licorice, Linseed Oil, Glycerine, Etc. — One-half ounce of pare- 
 goric, % ounce of extract of licorice, % ounce of chloroform, % ounce of 
 linseed oil, ^/^ ounce of extract of lemon, % otince of glycerine and one pound 
 of white Sugar. Take one teaspoonful as needed for a cough. This remedy 
 is for adults only. 
 
 46. Vinegar, Honey, Molasses, Horehound, Etc. — Take a pint of vinegar, 
 a teacupful each of honey and molasses and a small handful of braised 
 horehound leaves. Simmer over the fire for fifteen minutes, strain, squeeze 
 out, and add an ounce each of wine of ipecac and tincture of lobelia. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful or two as often aS required for a cough. 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 103 
 
 47. Whiskey, Glycerine and Rock Candy. — Take % pint of whiskey, 
 4 ounces of glycerine and 1 ounce of rock candy. The dose is a teaspoonful 
 three or four times a day or when the cough is troublesome. A lady living 
 in Alliance, Ohio, writes that this is the only medicine that has ever helped 
 her. 
 
 48. Molasses, Sugar, Lemon, Glycerine, Etc. — Take 1 cup of molasses, 
 
 1 tablespoonful of dark brown sugar and 1 lemon, rind and all, cut very fine. 
 Let all boil over a slow fire until it begins to thicken ; then remove from 
 the fire and add 1 tablespoonful of glycerine and enough good vinegar to 
 make it taste sharp. Take a teaspoonful when you cough. This is fine. 
 
 49. Molasses, Sulphur, Cayenne Pepper and Sweet Cream. — Take Ys 
 cup of molasses, 1 large teaspoonful of sulphur, ^ teaspoonful of cayenne 
 pepper and 3 large spoonfuls of sweet cream. Take *a little in the mouth 
 and swallow slowly whenever the cough is troublesome. 
 
 50. Licorice, Gum Arabic and Loaf Sugar. — Take 3 ounces of gum 
 arabic, 3 ounces of licorice and 3 ounces of loaf sugar and dissolve all in 1 
 quart of boiling water. Take 2 tablespoonfuls 3 times a day. " I have used 
 this for children and find it heals and cures the cough," says a mother living 
 in McKees Rocks, Pa. 
 
 51. Glycerine, Rock Candy and Whiskey. — One-half pint of glycerine, 
 Yz pound of rock candy and % pint of whiskey. Pour the whiskey on the 
 candy and let the same dissolve, then pour in the glycerine. Shake well 
 before using. Take every two hours until the cough is relieved. 
 
 52. Dr. Leonard's Cough Syrup. — One-half ounce of laudanum, 1 ounce of 
 spirits of nitre, 1 ounce of tincture of blood root, 2 ounces of syrup of squills, 
 
 2 ounces of essence of wintergreen and 1 pint of honey. Dose, 1 teaspoonful 
 three or four times a day. This is known as Dr. Leonard's Cough Syrup and 
 is fine. (For adults.) 
 
 53. Cough S^rup. — Take equal parts of the following herbs and steep 
 to make a tea — everlasting, catnip, thorOughwort, pennyroyal and mullein. 
 Cook as much sugar and molasses, half of each, with the tea as you have 
 tea. Boil until a syrup is formed. Take a teaspoonful at a time. If the 
 cough is bad take every little while. " This is fine," says a lady living in 
 Greenville, Rhode Island. 
 
 54. Sugar and Ginger. — Take equal parts of dry sugar and ginger, mix 
 well and take a little when the cough is troublesome and especially at night. 
 
 55. Salt and White of Egg. — Beat the white of an egg stiff, add a small 
 pinch of salt and take a teaspoonful when the cough annoys. 
 
 56. Hojehound, Glycerine and Rock Candy. — Take five cents worth 
 each of glycerine, rock candy and horehound drops. Put the rock candy 
 and drops on the stove with a little water and simmer until dissolved, then 
 add the glycerine. Make about % of a pint in all. Give a teaspoonful every 
 two or three hours until relieved from the coughing. This is very good. 
 
 57. Horehound, Paregoric and Brown Sugar. — Take five cents worth 
 of horehound leaves, 1 ounce of paregoric, 1 pound of brown sugar and 1 
 quart of water. Steep the horehound in the water, then strain and boil with 
 the sugar until reduced to one pint and when cool add the paregoric. 
 Bottle for use in coughs. 
 
 58. Garlic Juice. — Take garlic juice. The dose is half a dram. This is 
 also good for nervous and spasmodic coughs in children. The bruised bulbs. 
 
104 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOpK. 
 
 applied as a poultice on the chest and spine, are very good for children with 
 pneumonia. 
 
 59. Onion Juice. — Onion juice mixed with syrup is very good for 
 coughs and colds on the chest of a child. 
 
 60. Marshraallow Tea. — Marshmallow root made into a strong decoc- 
 tion by using 2 ounces of the root to a pint ol boiling water and then drank 
 freely is good for coughs and hoarseness. 
 
 61. Sunflower Seeds, Gin and Sugar. — Put two pounds of bruised sun- 
 flower seeds into 5 gallons of water, boil down to 3 gallons, strain, and add 
 12 pounds of sugar and l^^ gallons of Holland gin. The dose is from 2 
 drams to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day or oftener for a cough, tickling in the 
 throat, etc. 
 
 62. Wild Cherry Syrup. — Syrup of wild cherry is very good. This h 
 for coughing and hoarseness. 
 
 63. Flaxseed Tea. — Steep I/2 ounce of unbruised flaxseed in % pint of 
 boiling water. Fine for coughs. 
 
 64. Comfrey and Indian Turnip. — Take 3 parts of comfrey root and 1 
 part of green Indian turnip root, bruise together into a fine paste and add 
 3 parts of refined sugar and mix thoroughly. A tablespoonful of this may 
 be eaten three or four times a day. 
 
 65. Lung Balsam. — First. Take of the roots of spikenard, elecarqpjine, 
 comfrey and blood root, of the leaves of horehound, and of the bark of w^ild 
 cherry, of each 1 pound; grind and mix the articles together. Place all in a 
 vessel, cover them with 76 per cent, alcohol and let them steep for 3 days. 
 Then transfer the whole to a filter (use filter paper and funnel) and gradually 
 add hot water untjl 3 pints of the alcoholic tincture have been obtained which 
 retain and set aside. 
 
 Second. Continue the process and of this second solution reserve as 
 much as contains a sensible amount of spirits and evaporate the alcohol 
 from it. 
 
 Third. Continue the filtering of the rest by adding hot water until the 
 solution obtained is almost tasteless and boil this' down until when added 
 to the second, after the evaporation of its alcohol, it will make 18 pints. 
 To these two solutions combined, add 24 pounds of refined sugar and dis- 
 solve by heat, removing any scum. If it exceeds 24 pints, evaporate to that 
 amount with constant stirring. Then remove from the fire and when nearly 
 cold add the 3 pints of first solution set aside and make 3 gallons of syrup. 
 This is good for obstinate coughs, bronchitis and. lung affections generally. 
 The dose is l-o ounce 3 times a day. 
 
 66. Hprseradishi Boneset, Etc, — The following makes a good syrup for 
 coughs, colds, hoarseness, chronic irritation of the throat and fevers. Fresh 
 horseradish root, grated, 2 ounces; boneset, leaves and tops, 1 ounce; 
 Canada snake root, Va ounce ; refined su.£:ar, 2 pounds and a sufficient quantity 
 of diluted vinegar and boiling water.. Directions: steep the boneset and snake 
 root in % pint of boiling water and press with strong pressure, adding boil- 
 ing water to the mass until V-z pint of the tea is obtained, then add the sugar 
 and dissolve with gentle heat. Now add the horseradish to ^/^ pint of di- 
 luted vinegar, let stand 2 days and then press, adding diluted cider vinegar to 
 the mass until V2 pint of the dilution is oi)tained. Add this to the above syrup 
 and shake. Dose: 1 to 4 drams every 2 to 3 hours. 
 
 67. Boneset, Horseradish, Vinegar and Molasses. — Put 1 ounce each of 
 
DISEASES OF THE LtlNGS. 105 
 
 horseradish root and Ijoneset leaves into 1 pint of hot water. Cover aad let 
 stand for 2 hours n6ar the fire, then add % pint of vineg&r and molasses 
 and boil for 15 mintltes. Take a tablfeBjioonful every 3 or 3 hours. For 
 coughs and hoarseness. 
 
 68. Borax. — For hoarseness let a piece Of bOtax the size of a pea dis- 
 solve slowly in the mouth, swallowing: part of it-. It will give almost im- 
 mediate relief for an hour or two a.nd is used by many of otir public speakers. 
 
 69. White of Egg. — Put the white of an fegg iftto half a glass of warm 
 sweetened water and beat to a froth. Used as a gargle this will relieve 
 hoarseness and titkling Of the throat. 
 
 70. Steaming with Vihegai- and Water.-— For sOre throat, coughing and 
 hoarseness, steam the throat with 1 pktt of vinfegaf to 6 parts of watef. Put 
 the vinegar and water into a teapot or teakettle and put one end of a roll 
 of paper over the spout and the other end in the mouth and breathe it through 
 the mouth as hot as pDS6ible. 
 
 Physician's Remark.— The hot steam takes away the inflammation, re- 
 laxes the membrane and thus causes it to pour out its natural secretions. 
 
 71. Hot Lemonade. — For colds, coughs and hoarseness, drink hot 
 lemonade. 
 
 73. Hoiiey and Vittegar. — A little in the mOuth every little while for 
 coughs and hoarseness. 
 
 73. Lemon Juice, Sugar and Glycerine. — Lemon juice, squeezed into soft 
 sugar until it is like syrup and a few drops of glyCferine ad'ded, relieves hoarse- 
 ness. 
 
 74. Horseradish, Vinegar, Honey, Etc. — Take 4 ounces of grated fresh 
 horseradish and let it stand in a pint of good vinegar over night, then add 
 a pint of honey and bring it to the boiling point, then strain and squeeze 
 out. Take 1 or 3 teaspoonftils several tim^S a day. Very good f®r hoarse- 
 ness, loss of voice and all ordinary coughs. 
 
 75. Onion Juice and Sugar.— Take a good-sized onion and b&ke in a 
 hot oven, press out the juice, mix with sugar, and take a little of it every few 
 minutes. A lady in Ohio says she has frequently tried this for coughs and 
 hoarseness with good results and many others all over the country can Say 
 the same thing. 
 
 76. Lemon Juice and White of Slgg.-^The white of an tgg beaten to a 
 stifif froth and whipped up with the juice of a lemon and a teaspoonful taken 
 every hour will relieve hoarseness and coughing. 
 
 77. Chammomilla Tea. — When hoarseness octUrs ih children and is 
 attended with a rough, dfy cough, mucus and ^oreiiess in the throat and with 
 fever in the evening, give chammomilla tea every 4 Or 6 hours. Use no 
 external application but pay proper attention to warmth and strictly avoid 
 a variable temperature or humid atmosphere. 
 
 78. Milk and Red Pepper. — For hoarseness take milk and red pepper 
 everv little while. 
 
 79. Onion. — Boil a gOod-sired onion in a syrup made of sugar and 
 water and eat it all and more 51 necessary. Then go to bed and take a good 
 sweat and cool ofif very slowly. This will break ilp the cold. 
 
 80. Cold Water Cloths. — For sore throat apply cloths wrung out of cold 
 water. 
 
 81. Sore Throat. — A student at Denison University which is located at 
 Granville, Oliio, s-ays that as soon as he feels sore throat coming on he im- 
 
106 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 mediately exercises the muscles of the throat as much as possible, moving 
 them in every possible way and rubbing them with the hands. He says 
 this has given him splendid results and his explanation is that it establishes 
 '■a. better circulation in these parts. 
 
 82. Dr. Ritter's Cough Cure. — We have here a long list of most excel- 
 lent remedies for these troubles and they are gathered from all over the 
 world. To make the list complete I am going to give a combination of my 
 own that I have prescribed many times with the very best of results; It 
 is to be used when you have a hard, tight and distressing cough and must 
 cough for some minutes before relief is obtained. Take chloride of am- 
 monia, 2% drams; paregoric, 1 ounce; hive syrup, 6 drams; and to this 
 add either syrup of wild cherry or fluid extract of licorice, enough to make 
 4 ounces in all. Shake thoroughly and take a teaspoonful every 3 or 4 
 hours. (Author.) 
 
 CHRONIC NASAL CATARRH. 
 Chronic Rhinitis. 
 
 This disease is too well known to need description. 
 
 Causes. — Colds of long standing and adenoids in the throat, polypi in 
 the nose and perhaps foreign bodies like buttons, etc., in the nasal passages. 
 A person who is in a " run down " condition is most likely to have catarrh. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — Regulate the diet and the bowels and tone up the system 
 with iron or arsenic if necessary. Give a tablespoonful of cod liver oil four 
 times a day and from five to twenty drops of syrup of iodide of iron four 
 times a day. Avoid taking cold as much as possible and keep the passages 
 of the head clean. Spray the throat and nose passages with Dobell's or 
 Seller's solution diluted with an equal amount of water. As a preventive 
 of catarrh it is often necessary to remove adenoids and polypi from the 
 throat and nose. 
 General Treatment. — 
 
 As a spray use 1 ounce of listerine, % dram of sodium bicarbonate or 
 common baking soda, and 4 ounces of sterilized water. If used with a syringe 
 add twice as much water. Ordinarily this is to be used twice a day. 
 
 Once a day after cleansing you can use sulpho-carbolate of zinc. Use 
 five grains to 1 ounce of water. Drop some of this solution into the nose 
 with a medicine dropper while the head is thrown back. 
 
 If possible move to some dry, unchangeable climate. Beware of quacks 
 who are after your money. Keep the nasal passages thoroughly clean with 
 some simple douche. The Birmingham Nasal Douche is a simple and very 
 satisfactory one. Fill it with the following solution : soda, 1% drams and 
 listerine 6 drams. Use every night and morning. Take a teaspoonful of 
 tincture of skunk cabbage four times daily. 
 
 Thoroughly mix 14 grains of camphor with 16 grains of menthol and 
 then mix this thoroughly with enough white vaseline to make, an ounce in all. 
 When you have this ointment prepared have the druggist give j'^ou a small 
 glass tube about a quarter of an inch in diameter and four or five inches 
 long. The medicine and tube will probably cost you about a quarter and the 
 ointment will last a long time. Dip the tube into the ointment and t.ikc 
 up a little of it and then insert the tube in the nostril and press the nostril 
 around the tube so that it fits tightly, then close the other nostril and give 
 a quick snuff which will draw the ointment well up into the head. Do" the 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 107 
 
 same with the ©<Aier no&<3ril. Use this two or three times a day. It will 
 tboj-ouglily clear out the passages and help the worst case ©f catarrh. Also 
 us© this for a fresh cold. This is a Very valuable prescription that will save 
 yOM money and help your catarrh. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Salt Water. — .Uissolve half a teaspoonful of table salt in a quart of 
 , water and snuff some oi this solution up the nose several times a day. This 
 remedy, though simple, is one of the most elective in use. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Salt is an astringent and is also somewhat anti- 
 septic. 
 
 3. Borax Water. — A solution of borax in the proportion of from 5 to 20 
 grains to an ounce of water is excellent when snuffed up the nose. It thor- 
 oughly cleaases the passages of the head and allows nature to do the healing. 
 
 3t Carbolic Acid Water.— One of the best remedies is from 1 to 7 
 grains of carbolic acid to an ounce of water. Snuff up the nose or use in a 
 douche or a/tomizer. This is especially good when there is a bad odor from 
 the nose. 
 
 4. Salt, Borax and Soda. — To half a pint of rain water add an ounce 
 each of common table salt, powdered borax and baking soda. When dis- 
 solved take 1 tablespoonful of the solution to 2 or 3 tablespoonfuls of warm 
 water and snuff up the nostrils at bed time. This is one of the finest remedies 
 used. The salt stimulates, the soda soothes, and the borax cleanses and heals. 
 What more could any remedy do even if you paid a dollar a bottle for it at 
 the drug store? 
 
 5. Cubeb Berries. — Smoke cubeb berries in a clay pipe and inhale the 
 smoke. These berries may be purchased at any drug store at a triffing cost 
 and are used quite extensively. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Powdered cubebs have a fine action on the nasal 
 mucous membrane and are of value in the treatment of catarrh. 
 
 6. Burnt Alum. — Burnt "alum pulverized and snuffed up the nose has 
 cured many cases of catarrh. 
 
 7. Sulphur and Whiskey. — Add two ounces of sulphur to a pint of 
 whiskey, shake and take a tablespoonful three mornings, then miss three morn- 
 ings, and so continue until the whole is taken. 
 
 Physician's Remark.— This is good for the blood. 
 
 8. Borax and Loaf Sugar. — An excelleat catarrh snuff is made by mixing 
 a dram of powdered loaf sugar with 2 ounces of pulverized borax. This rem- 
 edy will cost five or ten cents at the drag store if yoo do not have it already in 
 the house. It can be put into a small pill box and carried in the pocket. Use 
 it as a snuff 8 or 10 times daily. This will last for a long time and save a 
 dollar or two that would otherwise be paid for a patent medicine. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This cleanses and soothes the passages of the head. 
 
 9. Castile Soap and Water.— A very effective remedy for catarrh is cas- 
 tile soap and water snuffed up the nostrils. 
 
 10. Sulphur, Elecampane, Licorice and Honey. — T^ke equal quantities 
 of powdered sulphur, elecampane and licorice and mix with strained honey 
 to make a thick heavy paste. Take a piece about the size of a walnut every 
 moraing and evening. 
 
 Semaric. — A lady living in Massachusetts writes : " My father iiad catarrh 
 for years and was cured b}- this remedy and I have since used it myself 
 v/ith beneficial results." 
 
108 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 11, Camphorated OU.'-Snuff the oil up the nostrils and the nose will 
 clear immediately. Use two or three times a day. A lady living in Columbus, 
 Ohio, says that this is good for any nasal trouble as she has found by ex- 
 perience. 
 
 HAY FEVER. 
 Autumnal Catarrh. 
 
 Hay fever is an affectioii of the upper ajr passages. It generally comes 
 on about the middle of August and continues until a good frost. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Change of clin^ate. Pry mountain air is the best. Sometimes a visit 
 to the seaside is gpod. But we cannot all take this treatment so I will give 
 some local treatments also- Cocaine applied to the nostrils is good but is 
 rather dangerous for any one but a doctor to use. Spray the air passages with 
 a 1 to 5,000 solution of adrenalin chloride and, after using this, use some milcj 
 alkaline spray like Dobell's solution. 
 
 As a spray for the nose and throat the following is a good mixture 
 borax, 3 drams ; goda, ? drams ; carbolic acid, 34 grains ; and water, 1 pint. 
 
 Another good treatment is menthol, 6 grains; camphor. 6 grains alpd 
 liquid albolene, J ounce, Usp as a spray. 
 
 Look for enlarged tonsils, adenoids, spurs and diseased turbinates. 
 
 MEMBRANOUS CROUP OR TRUE CROUP. 
 
 (See Laryngeal Diphtheria.) 
 
 SPASMODIC CROUP. 
 False Croup, Psseudo Croup, Catarrhal Croup, Spasniodic Laryngitis, 
 
 Description. — This is a disease of the larynx that is most common between 
 the 8nd and 5th years but it also occurs in very young infants. One attack 
 leaves a person more subject to another. 
 
 Causes. — Exposure to cold and wet very often bring on an attack of 
 croup. Like the majority of catarrhal inflammations of the air passages this 
 disease is due to the invasion of bacteria or germs. 
 
 Symptoms.— Spasmodic croup causes much anxiety to mothers when the 
 first attack develops without warning. During the day the chiM may have a 
 slight cold- Toward evening a harsh or " croupy " cough, accompanied by 
 heavy or Spasmodic breathing and a husky vpiee, suddenly develops. In some 
 cases the symptqms remain mJld and only the cough disturbs the child and 
 its breathing is not much affected. In other cases the child goes to sleep 
 apparently, well but .during the night it suddenly awakens with a harsh, shrill, 
 barking cough which is repeatca at intervals and rapidly gets worse. The 
 breathing is noisy and may be heard in an adjoining room. The cough is 
 especially terrifymg. The child is restless and may cry during a spell of 
 coughing. It sits up for it cannot breathts easily when lying down. The face 
 is of a pale bluish color and wet with a cold swtat. The child can speak only 
 in a hoarse whisper and sometimes the voice is nearly or entirely lost. Toward 
 morning the cough and difficult breathing get better and the child falls' asleep 
 worn out by the night's suffering. Next day the child acts apparently well 
 but there is a slight cough, running from the nose, swollen tonsils aqd a red 
 throat. But these attacks may be repeated for two or three successive nights. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventiv& Treatnient.-"Keeg the feet dry and do not take cold. 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 109 
 
 Emergency Remedy or " What to Do." — Give an emet!c of something to 
 make the child vomit and clear the throat of the phlegm. For this purpose 
 you can give a tablespoonful of goose grease Or a teaspoonful of powdered 
 alum mixed with molasses Or, if nothing else is at hand, mix a little lard with 
 three times as much pulverized sugar and give a teaspoohful eVery fifteen 
 minutes till the child vomits. From % to 1 teaspoonful of dissolved white 
 vaseline is also good. Also apply cloths wrung out of cold water to the throat. 
 These should be changed frequently to keep them cold. Keep the child in bed 
 and keep the bowels open. 
 
 Caution or " What Not to Do.*'— In a.pp\y'mg cold or hot cloths do not 
 allow the water to drip or run upon other parts of t/ie body. Do not allow 
 the child to go from a warm to a cold room or to take cold in any way. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Wine of ipecac is godd. Give 10 drops at a dose. 
 This is especially good to produce vomiting if thfe stomach is filled with food. 
 From 1 to 2 dl-ops of fluid extract of ipecac is good and may be repeated in 
 half an hour if necessary. 
 
 Dr. Douglas, of Detroit, is a specialist on children's diseases and the 
 following is taken from his book. It is a good Croup mixture to keep on hand 
 if the children are subject to attacks of croup. Take syrup of ipecac, 3 fluid 
 drams; Hive syrup, 4 fluid drams and water, 1% ounces^ Mix thoroughly 
 and shake before using. Give half a teaspoonful every half hour until the 
 child vomits and then repeat the dose eVefy 3 to 3 hours as needed. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Give the third trituration of Hepar Sulphur. 
 Give ,one tablet in hot water every 15 minutes Until relieved^ This is better 
 for light haired people and when the cough is a little loose. It is a strange 
 thing but it is true that some medicines affect light and dark complexioned 
 people differently. 
 
 Give the third trituration of Spongia. Give one tablet in hot water every 
 15 minutes until relieved. This is better for children with a dark Complexion 
 and when the CoUgh is very harsh and tight. 
 
 If there is much fever give the second dilution of Aconite. Put 10 drops 
 into half a glass of water and give 3 teaspoonfuls at a dosci Alternate this 
 with the Hepar Sulphur or the Spongia above. 
 
 Simple Treatment and NufSing.--"Apply cold cloths or an ice bag to the 
 throat. Hot cloths are sometimes used. In applying cloths of either cold 
 or hot water they should be covered with a dry flannel cloth bo that none of 
 the water drips or runs upon other parts of the body. The application of an 
 onion poultice is an old and tried remedy. Fry some onions in lard, not too 
 dry, and apply to the throat and chest. Change often so as to keep the poul- 
 tice moist and hot. This is good for the cough and tight breathihg and re- 
 lieves the pain. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Cold Water Cloths.---CIoths wrung out of cold water should be ap- 
 plied to the throat and changed frequently. These wet cloths should be 
 covered with a dry flannel cloth. More than one child owes its life to its 
 mother's knowledge of this effective treatment. 
 
 Physician's Remark.— This is a splendid remedy but be careful not to 
 allow the water to run upon other parts of the body. 
 
 3. Mustard and Bran Poultices-— Apply either a mustard or a hot bran 
 poultice to the neck. 
 
m THE PEOPCE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This produces counter^irritation and thus relieves 
 the congestion. 
 
 3. Hot Water. — One mother applies a sponge wet in water to the 
 child's neck as hot as can be borne. This is highly recommended for croup. It 
 should be renewed as frequently as it becomes cool until the skin' is quite red 
 or until the child is better. 
 
 4. Alum and Honey or Molasses. — The favorite remedy oi many 
 mothers is to give a teaspoonful of powdered alum in a little honey or mo- 
 lasses every ten minutes until the child vomits. 
 
 5. Lobelia. — The first thing to do is to clear the throat of phlegm by 
 giving an emetic. Tincture of lobelia is one of the best things for this pur- 
 pose. Fifteen drops should be given every 10 minutes until the child vomits. 
 
 Phjrsician's Remark. — This is a depressing remedy and should not be 
 used unless other remedies fail. 
 
 6. Roasted Onions.— Applied to the throat, chest, feet and hands these 
 have saved the lives of many children. This remedy is a simple and effective 
 one that every mother should know abdut in case of an emergency. 
 
 7. Apples and Cranberries. — Roasted apples and cranberries are both 
 recommended as applications for the throat. 
 
 8. Snuff and Lard. — Many consider a plaster made of snuff and lard the 
 best application for croup. A teaspoonful of snuff should be mixed with a 
 little lard, spread upon a cloth, and applied to- the throat and chest. 
 
 9. Camphor and Vinegar. — When croup is first noticed apply to the 
 throat some cotton wet in equal parts of camphor, and vinegar. Warm whiskey 
 applied in the same way is also good. 
 
 10. Poultice of Slippery Elm, Lobelia and Red Pepper. — If other reme- 
 dies fail, try a poultice made of slippery elm, lobelia, red pepper and hot 
 water. It should be applied to the throat and chest and changed as rapidly 
 as it cools. 
 
 11. Hops, Vinegar and Horseradish. — If the child is very yotmg apply a 
 poultice of hops boiled in water. During the day when it seems better give 
 a tea made of horseradish and vinegar. 
 
 12. Baking Soda and Molasses. — Mix equal parts of baking soda and 
 molasses and for a child two years old give a teaspoonful at a dose. Repeat 
 at short intervals until the phlegm is all thrown up. 
 
 13. Castor Oil and Onion Juicc-^-Grate a raw onion, squeeze out the 
 juice and add half as much castor oil as you have of the juice. Keep in a 
 bottle well corked, shake before using, and give a teaspoonful every two or 
 three hours. 
 
 14. Lard and Sugar. — To one part of sweet lard add three parts of 
 pulverized sugar, mix thoroughly and give a teaspoonftil every 15 minutes 
 until vomiting is produced. 
 
 15. Hot Water Cloths. — Wring a flannel out of hot water and apply to 
 the neck of the child. This will usually give relief in a few minutes. 
 
 16. Turpentine. — Wet a flannel with turpentine and place on the throat 
 and chest and if the case is severe give from S to 5 drops on a piece of sugar. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Turpentine does the work by drawing the blood' 
 away from the parts and thus relieving the congestion. 
 
 17. ^A/■arm Butter. — Give some warm melted butter. About a table- 
 spoonful may be given. 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. Ill 
 
 18. Goose Grease. — Give a tablespooniEul of goose grease as often as is 
 necessary to cause vomiting. 
 
 1&. Sulphur Water. — Put a teaspoonful of sulphur into a cup of water 
 and allow it to stand for two hours, then strain and use the water. Give a 
 teaspoonful every two hours. A lady in Maine says she has found this a 
 fine remedy for croup. This is for use the day after the attack. 
 
 30. Lard and Snuff. — Take a piece of muslin large enough to cover the 
 upper part of the chest and tie it about the neck with strings. Spread some 
 lard over the musliil and sprinkle with Scotch snuff. Put a flannel over all 
 this. If applied early it will always give relief. 
 
 31. Hive Syrup, Cosmolioe and Nutmeg. — Give Hive Syrup according 
 to the directions on the bottle. Spread some flannel with cosmoline, sprinkle 
 thickly with grated nutmeg and keep on the chest, well up towards the throat, 
 until the patient is better. 
 
 33. Kerosene and Sugar. — Give 5 or 6 drops of lamp oil on a lump of 
 sugar. Repeat if necessary. Also apply hot or cold applications externally. 
 
 ACUTE CATARRHAL LARYNGITIS. 
 Inflammation of the Larynx. 
 
 Causes. — The causes are — catching cold, over using the voice, breathing 
 irritating gases, injuries and hot liquids and corrosive poisons accidentally 
 going into the larynx (Sunday throat) instead of the gullet. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is tickling in the larynx or near the Adam's apple. 
 Cold air is irritating. There is a dry cough and dry husky voice and the 
 voice may even be lost altogether for a time. In adults the breathing is not 
 much affected. Children may have hard spasmodic breathing. 
 TREATMENT. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Allow the larynx to have rest, keep in bed if the 
 case is severe and have an even temperature. Early in the attadc give aconite. 
 The dose is from % to 1 drop and is to be given every 1 to 3 hours according 
 to the age. Also give citrate of potash. The dose is from 10 to 40 grains. For 
 the irritating cough give 10 grains of Dover's powder at night for an adult. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Give the second dilution of Aconite. Put 10 
 or 15 drops into a glass half full of water and give 3 teaspoonfuls every 
 % to 3 hours according to age. After 34 hours give the second dilution of 
 Belladonna instead of the Aconite. It should be prepared and given in the 
 same way. For the loose cough give the third trituration of Hepar Sulphur. 
 Give 1 tablet every 1 to 3 hours. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Apply cold cloths or an ice bag to the throat. Hot 
 cloths are sometimes used. In applying cloths of either cold or hot water 
 they should be covered with a dry flannel cloth so that none of the water 
 drips or runs upon other parts of the body. The application of an onion poul- 
 tice is good. Fry some onions in lard, not too dry, and apply to the throat. 
 Change often so as to keep the poultice moist and hot. This is good for the 
 cough and tight breathing and relieves the pain. 
 
 Hot bland drinks, hot milk, hot lemonade or hot teas are good. Fold 
 a handkerchief, wring out of cold water and lay upon the larynx or Adam's 
 apple and immediately cover with a piece of cloth or flannel bound around the 
 neck. Make the room moist by steam from a kettle or by adding pieces of 
 unslacked lime to a tub of water or use the croup or bronchitis tent as de- 
 scribed in the " Nursing Department." Keep the patient in a room with 
 
112 [THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 the temperature from 70 tq 73 degrees. Give a hbt tpustard loot hath and hot 
 lemonade with a teaspoonful of sweet spirits of nitr^ in it at bed time to pro- 
 duce sweating. For an adult yovj can give 10 grains of Dover's powder in- 
 stead if you wish. If the trouble affects the glQittis a tube may need to be 
 placfed in the throat to allow breathing. In inflammation of the larynx the 
 patient should be kept in bed and the bowels should be kept open. 
 
 SWELLING OF GLOTTIS. 
 Oedema Glottis— Oedeniatous Laryngitis. 
 
 This is a very serious affliction but fortunately it does not occur very 
 often. 
 
 Causes. — Sometimes follows acute laryngitis or glandular throat trouble. 
 Caused by swelling pressing on the glottis. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is short breath and hard breathing and in an hour or 
 two the condition is very serious. The breathing is noisy and hissing and is 
 attended with a choking sensation. 
 
 Treatment. — Apply au ice bag to the throat .and if the symptoms are ur- 
 gent an operation may be necessary. This disease is not frequent unless the 
 patient has tuberculosis or syphilis of the larynx. It sometimes follows laryn- 
 gitis and dipbtheria; 
 
 SPASM OF GLOTTIS. 
 Spasmodic Laryngitis — Child Crowing. 
 
 Description. — This is a nervous affection and no inflammation exists. It 
 occurs in children between the ages of six months and three years and is 
 commonly in connection with rickets. Mothers sometimes call the attacks, 
 " holding the breath " or " passion fits." 
 
 Symptoms.'-^The attacks may come on at any time ; often just as the 
 child awakens. There is no cough bwt the breathing is checked, the child 
 struggles for breath, gets red in the face and then suddenly the air is drawn 
 into the lungs with a high pitched, crowing sound palled " child crowing." 
 The attack may occur frequently during the day. Death rarely occurs. 
 
 Treatment— Examine the gums carefully and if swollen and hot they 
 should be lanced. Also examine the tonsils and back part of the throat for 
 adenoids and if found they should be removed. 
 
 When the attack comes on carry the child to the window where it will 
 have plenty of air and where you can see better. Throw a few drops of 
 cold water in the face and put your finger far back in the child's throat- Unless 
 it frightens the child you may sponge the breast with cold water. In severe 
 cases the child should be placed in a warm bath two or three times a day and 
 the back and chest thoroughly sponged with cold water. This may be em^ 
 ployed when the child is having an attack unless it frightens the child. If 
 the attack is very severe and the child is blue in the face it is much better 
 to dash cold water in the face. Give easily digested foods and keep the 
 children out doors a great deal. Besides the kinds of laryngitis here treated 
 there is tuberculous laryngitis and syphilitic laryngitis, 
 
 ACUTE BRONCHITIS. 
 Description.^-This is an acute inflammation of the bronchial tubes. 
 It is a very common disease and rarely serious in healthy adults but very 
 fatal in the old and young. It affects both the larger and medium-sized 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 113 
 
 breathing tubes and when jt affects the small air passages it is known as 
 capillary bronchitis or broncho-pnennionia- Capillary bronchitis and also 
 chronic bronchitis will be treated later. As before said, the simple acute 
 bronchitis is an inflammation of the larger and medium-sized air passages. 
 
 Causes. — Bronchitis is the result of taking cold and often is nothing 
 more than an ordinary cold which extends down into the air passages and is 
 known as a cold on the chest. Changeable weather of early spring and late 
 autumn is a cause. It may prevail as an epidemic. It freqiiently occurs 
 at the beginning of typhoid and malarial fevers. It is present in asthma and 
 whooping cough and persons with spinal curvature are especially liable to 
 it. Also, those who lead an indoor life, and especially men, are subject to it. 
 
 Symptoms. — In the beginning there are the symptoms of an ordinary cold 
 and the hoarseness in some cases is marked. Sometimes the patient has a 
 chill, feels languid, and has heavy pains in the bones and back. There is 
 a feeling of tightness and rawness beneath the breast bone and a pressing 
 on the chest. In mild cases there is not much fever. The cough is rough 
 at first and comes in paroxysms which rack and distress the patient. During 
 the severe spells the pain may be very severe beneath the breast bone and 
 along the attachment of the diaphragm. At first the cough is dry with scanty 
 and sticky expectoration or spit, but soon it becomes abundant and full 
 3f matter. Great relief is felt when the coug-h is loosened. In this form of 
 bronchitis the breathing is not much increased unless there is high fever but 
 when the smaller tubes are affected it is more rapid and difficult. When the 
 cough is loose there is much rattling under the breast bone. By the end 
 of a week in strong adults the fever subsides and the cough loosens. The 
 patient is generally fully recovered in from a week to ten days. In young 
 children the chief danger is that the bronchitis will extend downward. In 
 measles and whooping cough the ordinary bronchitis is very likely to descend 
 to the smaller tubes or passages and they then have broncho-pneumonia. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive.— Avoid taking cold and especially during measles, scarlet 
 fever, typhoid fever, whooping cough and similar diseases, 
 
 Emergency Reniedy or " What to Do,"^In mild cases household remedies 
 and treatments answer the purpose. Apply hot fomentations of hops and 
 vinegar, a jacket poultice or a mustard plaster. Give a hot foot bath. Take 
 a warm bath and drink hot lemonade or hot teas. If there is a feeling of 
 much rawness keep the air saturated with moisture such as steam from a 
 teakettle. If the cough is dry and irritating give ^Va grains of Dover's pow- 
 ders every 3 or 4 hours until 10 grains have been taken. This is the dose 
 for adults. 
 
 Caution or " What Not to Do.'* — Do not let the patient take more cold and 
 see that the disease does not go down into the smaller air passages and 
 result in broncho-pne;imonJa. Do not let the bowels become constipated. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — In the early stages give a combination of y-2 teas^ 
 spoonful of syrup of ipecac and 1 to 8 teaspoonfuls of solution of citrate 
 of potash, every 3 or 4 hours. For the cough in children from 1 to 3 years 
 old give the following mixture : paregoric, 1 dram ; syrup of ipecac, 30 drops 
 and syrup of tolu, 3 ounces. Take a teaspoonful of this mixture every 3 
 hours. In 'acute bronchitis of children, if there is difficult breathing and the 
 color becomes dusky from inability to raise the mucus, give 1 tablespoonful 
 
 8 
 
114 iTHE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 of ipecac wine as an emetic. For an adult, if the cough is excessive give ^ 
 grain of codein or 20 drops of paregoric at a dose. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — ^^Put 10 to 15 drops of the second dilution 
 of Aconite into half a glass of water and give two teaspoonfuls every y^ 
 to 3 hours according to the condition and age. This is good at the begin- 
 ning of the attack when there is fever. 
 
 Put 10 or 15 drops of the third dilution of Belladonna into a glass half 
 full of water and give 2 teaspoonfuls every i/^ to 3 hours. This is to follow 
 Aconite and is for the tight, tickling and dry cough. 
 
 Prepare the second dilution of Bryonia in the same way as the Aconite 
 and give 2 teaspoonfuls every 1 to 3 hours. This is for a tight cough that 
 hurts and causes the child to cry wheh it coughs and when it is moved. 
 
 Prepare the third dilution of Phosphorus the same as the Aconite and 
 give 2 teaspoonfuls every 1 to 3 hours. This is for a tight cough with a 
 great feeling of pressing and tightness under the breast bone ; also when the 
 cough is worse from speaking. 
 
 Give 1 tablet of the third trituration of Hepar Sulphur every 1 to 3 
 hours. This is to be used when there is a loose rattling cough. 
 
 Nursing. — A mustard plaster may be applied to the chest and back or 
 they may be rubbed with ammonia or chloroform liniment. For children 
 apply to the chest a mixture of 1 ounce of oil of amber and 2 tablespoonfuls 
 of sweet oil. Steam the room by the aid of a teakettle which is kept con- 
 stantly boiling or put unslaked lime in a tub of water. Or, you may use the 
 croup or bronchitis tent as described in the " Nursing Department." If nec- 
 essary, add to the hot water from 1 to 2 grains of menthol every 2 or 3 hours. 
 In other cases the irritation will be greatly soothed by pouring into the 
 boiling kettle a tablespoonful of a mixture composed of equal parts of com- 
 pound tincture of benzoin, oil of eucalyptus, and oil of pine. After the 
 cough is looser administer the following: chloride of ammonia, 1% to 3 
 drams; and fluid extract of licorice and water, each 2 ounces. For an adult 
 give a teaspoon ful every 4 to 5 hours. 
 
 If it is simple bronchitis or cold on the chest the thing to do first is to 
 get the patient into a sweat. This will reduce whatever fever there may 
 be and also loosen the cough. Sweating can be produced by giving a hot 
 foot bath just before going to bed and by placing hot water bottles in the 
 bed far enough from the patient not to burn him. Drink plenty of hot 
 drinks such as hot lemonade, hot ginger or hop tea and in fact almos^ 
 any kind of hot tea will do. At the same time you can apply to the chest 
 cloths wfung out of hot water in which hops and vinegar have been boiled. 
 Of course this must be dope in a warm room and the water from the ap- 
 plications must not be allowed tQ drip or run upon other parts of the body. 
 A good bath under the bed clothes will do much good after the sweating. 
 After this change the sheets and put on a clean night dress. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— (Also see Home Remedies for colds, 
 pleurisy, pneumonia and asthma.) 
 
 1. Pleurisy Root. — For bronchitis, pleurisy and pneumonia in the first 
 stages warm tea made of pleurisy root will produce sweating. Give a tea- 
 cupful every hour or two. 
 
 2. Skunk Cabbage. — Give a teaspoonful of the tincture of skunk cab- 
 bage 4 times a day for bronchitis and asthma. 
 
 3. Colt's Foot. — For coughs, asthma and bronchitis boil an ounce of 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 115 
 
 the leaves of colt's foot in a pint of water. The dose is frem 1 to 2 ounces 
 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 4. Crawley Root or Beech Drops. — Crawley rdot or beech drops is 
 splendid to cause sweating. The dose is from 30 to 30 grains of the pow- 
 dered root given in hot water and repeated every hour or two. 
 
 5. , Herb Tea. — Make a tea with white snake root, blood root and pleurisy 
 root. The dose is from % to 3 ounces. 
 
 6. Herb Teas, Sugar and Lemon Juice.-^Give some mild cathartic and 
 for the cough give boneset or pennyroyal tea and some sugar and lemon 
 juice. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Boneset and pennyroyal produce sweating and 
 sugar and lemon juice loosen the cough and lessen irritation. 
 
 7. Lemon Juice, Sweet Spirits of Nitre, Olive Oil and Honey. — For 
 the cough of bronchitis give an adult a teaspoonful of the following mixture 
 3 or 4 times a day. Mix 1 ounce each of lemon juice, sweet spirits of nitre, 
 olive oil and honey. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Lemon juice and honefy are good for the cough. 
 The nitre works on the kidneys and the castor oil on the bowels and casts 
 oS waste material. 
 
 8. Catnip or Horehou»d Tea. — Let the patient breathe the steam from 
 hot catnip or horehound tea. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Steam is soothing to the inflamed surfaces and 
 so also are the fumes of catnip and horehound and the horehound is also an 
 expectorant. 
 
 9. Petroleum.^-For either simple or chronic bronchitis take a teas- 
 poonful of petroleum before each meal. 
 
 10. Antiphlogistine. — Apply an antiphlogistine poultice. 
 
 CHRONIC BRONCHITIS. 
 
 Description. — This is a chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It 
 may follow repeated attacks of acute bronchitis but generally comes in 
 chronic lung troubles, gout or kidney disease. It comes frequently in old age. 
 
 Symptoms in Old Age. — There is shortness of the breath and the cough 
 is changeable with the seasons. A person may remain free from it during 
 the summer, but each winter it comes on severely and persistently. There 
 may be only a coughing spell in the morning or the chief distress may be at 
 night. Sometimes the expectoration or matter spit up is large in quantity 
 and sometimes small and is not very thick. In many cases it is incurable 
 and the patient improves in the summer but the cough disappears only to 
 return again during the winter months. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Often a change of climate is good. Southern France, 
 Southern Florida or Southern California are recommended. For the morn- 
 ing or general cough you can take the following in the morning. Add 15 
 grains of soda, 5 grains of salt and 5 drops of chloroform to an equal quan- 
 tity of warm water. For the cough drink freely of balm of Gilead buds 
 tinctured in spirits. Three times a day you can take from 1 to 2 ounces 
 of a tea made of seneca snake root. A tea made of elecampane can be used in 
 the same way. Or, take 1 pound of spikenard, 1 pound of elecampane, 1 pound 
 of comfrey, 1 pound of leaves and flowers of horehound, 1 pound of wild 
 cherry bark and 4 ounces of blood root. Grind, mix and make a tea. Dose ; 
 1 to 2 ounces 3 times a day. 
 
116 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Put 10 to 15 drops of the third dilution of 
 Phosphorus into half a glass of water and give 2 teaspoonfuls every 4 holifs. 
 This is to be taken when there is a tight cotlgh. 
 
 Give a tablet of the third ' trituration of Tartar Emetic 4 times a day. 
 This is for a loose cough where the mtlcus is hard to raise. 
 
 CAPILLARY BRONCHITIS, 
 Broncho-PtteUmonla. 
 
 Description. — This is the usual type of brdnchitis or pneumonia be 
 fore the fifth year. It comes mostly during the winter months when thert 
 are epidemics of influenza, etc. It is an inflammation of the smdll air passages. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a coUgh and short bfeathirigf. The disease sets 
 in suddenly with a chill or k Convulsion followed by fever. This is when it 
 does not follow other diseases. The fever; rises rapidly ahd continues. This 
 kind is not so severe as when it follows anothet disease sUch as measles or 
 whooping cough. In these diseases if the fever gets high, with cough, rapid 
 pulse and rapid breathing and a rattling solihd is heard, we are likely to 
 have capillary bronchitis. The onset is riot sudden. Usually the child after 
 a day or so gets feverish and begins to cough and has shortness of breath. 
 The fever is from 102 to 104 degrees and variable; the skin is dry; the cough 
 is hard and distressing and may be painful and the breathing is hard. The 
 number of respirations or breaths may run from 60 to 80 per minute. In the 
 acute simple form or where the disease does not follow another the outlook 
 is good but in cases weakened by constitutional disease and prolonged feve* 
 it is terribly fatal. In connection with riieasles or whooping Cough recovery 
 may take plice in the most desperate cases. Brdncho-pHeumonia is not so 
 dangerous in children as in very old people. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Emergency Remedy or " What to Do."— Cause sweating in one of the 
 many ways described. 
 
 Caution or " What Not to Do."— Do .not let the child take cold. Do 
 not use a poultice or cotton jacket. 
 
 Internal Medicines. — For a child 1 to 2 years old give 3 or 3 grains of 
 carbonate of ammonia in syrUp of acacia and water. Use this every 3 to 4 
 hours if a short stimulant is required. For a. constant stimulant give 5-year- 
 old brandy well diluted with water. A child a year old may take 30 drops 
 every 8 or 3 hours. 
 
 External Medicines.-^Rub the child's back, sides, chest and abdomen 
 with a teaspoonful of turpentine added to 3 teaspoonfuls of sweet oil. Do 
 not use a poultice or cotton jacket. If the fever is very high, so as to be 
 dangerous, control it with cool or tepid spohgtngs with gentle rubbing. If 
 symptoms of brain trouble develop put cool cloths to the forehead or an ice 
 bag to the head. This is a Very dangerous disease with old people. 
 
 Nursing. — It is always well in any disease in which there is inflamma- 
 tion to get the patient to sweating at the begintilng of the attack. This 
 draws the blood from the Internal organs thtls relievmg the congestion. It 
 makes the skin red,' warm and moist thus getting rid of , the chill or chilly 
 feeling. It is well to do this in laryngitis, acute bronchitis, acute pleurisy, 
 pneumonia and la grippe. If there is a decided chill or much chilliness use 
 the " Corn Sweat "as described in the " Nursing Department." A rubber hot' 
 water bottle is good when placed at the parts that ate paittful. Hot teas are 
 
PISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 117 
 
 good, for an adult. Another way tq cause sweating is to put hot water into 
 fruit cans and place at the feet, knees, hips and sides. 
 
 Put the child into a well-ventilated and sunshiny room with the tem- 
 perature at about 70 degrees. Heat if possible by a stove or open fire. U 
 the house is heated with a furnace and is too dry have the air from the 
 furnace flue pass over a pan of water and if the air is very hot and thor- 
 oughly dry it is better to set free in the air of the room a certain amount 
 of steam firom a tea kettle, a pan of boiling water or by occasionally drop- 
 ping a piece of quicklime into a bucket of water. Dusty, dry and impure 
 air is very injurious to the bronchial mucous membrane in cases of this dis- 
 ease. In many cases it is better to place the patient in a bronchitis or croup 
 tent as described in the " Nursing Department." 
 
 Give nourishing but easily digested food in small quantities every two 
 hours. Give no medicine in the food or near the time of feeding. Give 
 milk, broths or albumen. (For " People's Home Remedies " see some of those 
 given under Acute Bronchitis,, etc.) 
 
 PNEUMONIA. 
 Inflammation of the Lungs — Lung Fever. 
 
 Description. — This is an inflammatioil of the air cells of the lungs. 
 Often there is also inflammation of the small air tubes (capillary bronchitis) 
 and there may also be inflammation of the pleura. 
 
 Causes.— The frequency of the disease is marked before the sixth year, 
 then diminishes until the fifteenth year and then increases again. It is 
 more frequent in males than in females. Weakness and alcoholism render 
 " a person more liable to it. The disease can follow an injury (traumatic pneu- 
 monia) or it can come from lying long in one position (hypostatic pneumonia). 
 It comes more in the winter and springf months. ^ 
 
 Symptoms.— Cough, short breathing, dilated nostrils and pain are char- 
 acteristic of the disease. Much moving of the nostrils when breathing and 
 accompanied with a single red cheek indicate pneumonia. The onset is short 
 and sudden. It generally sets in with. a chill lasting- from fifteen to thirty 
 minutes and perhaps longer. It is constant and severe and one may be 
 taken in the sleep or at work. Fever has then already begfun and there is 
 headache and general pains. Within a few hours pain, often of an agoniz- 
 ing character, develops in the side. A short, dry painful cough begins and 
 the breathing is more rapid. When seen on the second or third day the 
 patient lies flat in bed, often on the affected side, and the face is flushed and 
 particularly on one or both cheeks. The breathing is hurried and often accom- 
 panied with a grunt. The nostrils dilate with each drawing in of the breath. 
 There are often sores on the lips and nose. The eyes are bright, the ex- 
 pression anxious, and the cough short and frequent and the coughing makes 
 the patient wince and hold his sides. The expectoration, or matter spit up, 
 is sticky and tinged with blood. The temperature is 104 or 105 degrees and 
 the pulse is full and bounding. These symptoms run on for from seven to 
 ten days and then the crisis comes. The temperature falls and the patient is 
 comparatively comfortable. This time of crisis is variable and comes sud- 
 denly. The temperature may go below the normal (98-6/10). With the 
 crisi$ there is much sweating and the patient falls into a comfortable sleep. 
 This is the record for favorable cases. Pneumonia is the most fatal of- all 
 acute diseases, more so than diphtheria and consumption. Under one year 
 
118 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 it is Bsere fetal than between two and five. At aboHt the age ®f sixty years 
 tlie death rate amounts ie sixty or eighty per cent. It is more fatal in the 
 negro than in the white man. 
 
 In an unfavorable ease ei course all the synsptems became more severe. 
 There is then more lung surface involved, sometimes the whole lung, and it 
 sometimes extends to both lungs and is t,hen called double pneumonia. Breath- 
 ing becomes more difficult, the mucus is hard to raise and sonjetimes the 
 patient is unable to raise it at all. There is a rattling sound made by 
 breathing, the face is dark, there is a cold sweat and the patient is anxious 
 lodsing and finally gets drowsy. If the disease lasts a long time pus some- 
 times forms on the lung and it must then be taken away before there will 
 be any improvement. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Some give veratrum viride. The dose of the tincture is 
 from 3 to 5 drops for an adult. It should be given every 2 hours for the first 
 34 hours. 
 
 For the Heart. — For adults give 5 drops or more of digitalis. To older 
 children give 2 drops and younger children rarely need more than % drop 
 every 2 to 3 hours. Give this to children when the pulse is as high as 150 
 or 160. If the pulse rate is reduced after giving" tincture of digitalis its use 
 should be discontinued before the pulse drops below 100 per minute. 
 
 For the patn. — 'In adults the stitch in the side is best relieved by a hypa- 
 dermic injection of i?4 grain of morphine. After the disease has fairly set in 
 the pain is not as a rule very distressing except when the patient coughs 
 and for this Dover's powder may be used in 5-grain doses according to the 
 patient's needs, say every 4 or 6 hours. Hot poultices are better for children. 
 Never use morphine for children. Use paregoric. Four drops every 3 to 3 
 hours for children under 2 years will be sufficient for the pain and cough. 
 For older children and adults codeine may be used. For adults give % grain. 
 For children give 1/34 to 1/30 of a grain several times daily. 
 
 Empty the bowels daily with an injection or with salts. For children 
 use a cotton or woolen jacket. In the early stages when the pain is present 
 very hot poultices with mustard dressing and repeated every hour give 
 more relief than the cotton jacket but when the first acute stage is over the 
 jacket maintains an equal temperature. 
 
 At the beginaing of the disease a tea made of horehound and boneset 
 and sweetened with honey is good. Slippery elm tea is also good. It should 
 be strained and may be drank freely. 
 
 Mix 1 dram of quinine and 3 ounces of lard and rub well into the skin. 
 Regular rubbing twice a day is very good to reduce fever and is prefer- 
 able even to a jacket. Can use it without jacket dressing. 
 
 Allopathic Treatmeat. — Dr. Osier claims that pneumonia is a salf-limited 
 disease and that you cannot shorten it; l^ence, give waiting treatment. 
 
 Horraeopatbic Treatment. — Put 10 to 15 drops of the second dilution of 
 Aconite into half a !-);'ss of water and give 3 teaspoonfuls every 1 to 3 hours. 
 Tlii'^ ^s p'oorl rli-ring the first 24 hours when the skim is hot and dry. 
 
 G'v;' Vhf' ^■^;cond dilr.tion of Rryoni,2. Prepare and give in the same 
 w:iy i:s tl'.e yVconite. This is f;ood for sharp, stitching and shooting pains 
 and when it hurts tq breathe. This can be alternated with the Aconite every 
 hour. 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 119 
 
 Give the third dilution of Phosphorus. Pre,pare and give the same as 
 the y\.conite. This is for a tight cough with bloody, rUsty sputum. 
 
 Give the third trituration of Tarter Emetic. Give 1 tablet every 1 to 
 3 hours. Tlijs is to be used v^rhen there is a loose cough, a loose rattling 
 breathing and the patient is unable to raise the mucus. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — If one is very chilly or has a chill and the lungs 
 feel full and sore and if it is hard to breathe and move and there is a sense 
 «f oppressioa over one side of the chest and perhaps some pain, you can then 
 do nothing better than to take a good sweat. Hqt fomentations may be 
 used or hot water bottles may be placed around the body aad especially to 
 the feet and hips. At tlie same time drink large quantities of hot lemonade 
 or hot teas such as horehound, ginger, hop or catnip. If the chill is very 
 severe take the " Corn Sweat " as described in the " Nursing Department." 
 
 A married lady living in town was taken sick with " grip " and pneumonia 
 followed. The patient improved steadily and was doing nicely. The hus- 
 band was a good-natured soul but was careless and allowed the fire to go 
 out. The patient had a terrible chill as a consequence. They sent for me 
 but I was in the country at the time (it was Sunday forenoon, I remem- 
 ber). My wife went over to see if she could be of help and saw at once 
 that a sweat was what was needed and so she applied the " Com Sweat " as 
 I have described in the " Nursing Department," When I reached home in the 
 afternoon I immediately went to see the patient and found her doing nicely. 
 I said a few plain things to the husband about carelessness and then I went 
 home to dinner. Husband and wife both gave my wife credit for saving 
 the patient's life. She at least saved her days ®f distress and pain by the 
 ptompt application of this effective remedy to produce sweating which was 
 necessary in this case and this is just the means I would have taken had I 
 been there myself. 
 
 Rubbing the chest with camphioffated oil or camphor and lard is good. 
 A mustard plaster is good but is likely to make the parts sore. A flaxseed 
 poultice is good when put on and kept hot. Hops may be steeped, put into 
 a bag a«d applied hot as can be b®rne. Put a dry flannel over stich appli- 
 cations so that the surrounding parts do not get wet and chilled. Some people 
 cannot bear moist heat. For them place sticks of stov« wood in the oven 
 until very hot, wrap each piece with a clbth an-d place several of these sticks 
 about the pastient. This will cause sweating and stop the chill or chilly 
 feeling and the aching of the bones. At the same time you are using this 
 treatna'ent apply a hot salt-bag to the sore lung er otJier sore parts. An 
 onion poultice is g.o€>d but is better for br6nchitrs and laryngitis. 
 
 Do not put much clothing on the patient. Let him wear a light flannel 
 jacket open in front. Have the room bright, sunshiny and well aired. Have 
 only one or two persons in the room. Carefully sponge the patient each 
 day with warm water even when the temperature is not too high. This is 
 to "be done carefully and gently. Keep the teeth, mouth and gums clean. 
 Plain water or lemonade should be given freely. This also applies to bron- 
 chitis, pleurisy and laryngitis. When the patient is delirious give water at 
 fixed times, every fifteen minutes or longer. Watch the tongue and lips to 
 see if the patient is thirsty. 
 
 The iboS. sMould be tiquid, cl*ie% nfilk, dtfKr alone or, b'etter, mixed 
 with food prepared f'rom some one of the cereals. Eggs, either soft boiled 
 or raw, may also be given. 
 
120 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— (AlSO see some of the home remedies 
 under colds, bronchitis, pleurisy, etc.) 
 
 1. Herb Teas, Etc. — Have the patient sit for perhaps half an hour with 
 his feet and legs in warm water and drink sage or pennyroyal tea. Put 
 some bitter herbs such as tansy, horehound, bdneset, hops, smartweed and 
 peach leaves into a vessel and boil. A handful of each herb may be used. Strip 
 the patient, throw a blanket over his shoulders so that it comes to tlie floor 
 about him and place the vessel under him, thus steaming the whole body. 
 To keep the water steaming occasionally put in a hot brick. Continue this 
 for half an hoilr, wipe the patieht off quickly and put him to bed. Then 
 give warm teas such as sage, pertnyroyal or boneset and surround him with 
 hot bricks. Keep him well covered atld let him sweat for several hours. 
 Then wipe him dry, put on dry clothes and allow him to sleep. If there is 
 pain in the chest, after giving a purgative place a pdultice of tahsy, hops 
 and wormwood over the chest as hot as can be borhe. Change .this evehy 
 hour or two. 
 
 ^. dnions. Rye Meal and Vinegar. — According to their size, take from 
 6 to 10 onions, chop fine and put into a lai^ge spider or skillet over a hot 
 fire and add the same quantity of tye meal, and vinegar enough to form a 
 thick paste. Stir it thoroughly and let simmer 5 or 10 minutes. Put into a 
 cotton bag large enough to cover the lungs and apply to the chest of the 
 patient as hot as can be borne. When 'this gets cool apply another. Con- 
 tinue re-heating the poultice as 3 or 4 applications may be necessary. The 
 remedy should be applied until sweat starts freely from the chest. A lady 
 in Akron, Ohio, says she can recommend this as being a most excelknt treat- 
 ment for this too often fatal malady. 
 
 3. Cotton Seed Meal, Tobacco, Etc. — Stir cotton seed meal into boiling 
 water until thick enough to spread, stir a little tobacco in, or, in severe cases 
 steep hops or smartweed before thickening. Apply the poultice over the 
 lungs qitite warm. When wishing to replace it with a fresh one let the fresh 
 one follow by rolling it pn as the old one is rolled off never letting the cold 
 air strike the patient. When the poultice is removed cover with flannel or 
 absorbent cotton. 
 
 BLEEtJlNG FROM THE LUNGS. 
 Haetnoptysis. 
 
 Cause. — Bleeding from the luttgis is caused by the rupture of a blood 
 vessel of the lungs. 
 
 Symptoms. — The patieht spits blood or perhaps the blood runs from 
 the mouth in a stream. Blood from the lungs is likely to be frothy because 
 it is mixed with the air and it is generally of a bright red color while blood 
 coming from the stomach is generally of a darker color. 
 
 Treatment. — Have the patient lie down and remain quiet. Place ice, 
 or cloths wrung out of cold water, to the chest artd to the back of the neck. 
 To quiet him, if much frightened, give a hypodermic injection of Vs grain 
 of morphine. Another remedy is to give 10 grains of bromide of potash. 
 This may be repeated, 15 minutes between doses> until 3 doses have beeh 
 taken. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Table Salt.- -Place the patient on a bed keeplttg the head alid shodl- 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 121 
 
 ders raised. Keep him quiet, allow plenty of fresh air and giye a teaspoonful 
 or two of common table salt. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Salt acts as an astringent and contracts the blood ' 
 vessels apd thus aids in stopping the bleeding. This is a simple home remedy 
 one always has on hand and should be remembered in case of emergency. 
 
 2. Ice and Alum. — Hold pieces of ice in the mouth swallowing it slowly 
 as it melts. AJum used in the same way is also an effective remedy. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Alum is an astringent and aids in stopping bleed- 
 ing in the same way as the Salt does. 
 
 3. Witch Hazel. — Give some diluted witch hazel every 15 minutes until 
 the bleeding stops. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is better to stop bleeding after a tooth has 
 been extracted or to stop bleeding from small wounds. 
 
 4. Salt and Vinegar. — Raise the shoulders by the use of pillows, if the 
 patient breathes easier that way, and keep him quiet. Sponge the chest with 
 cold water and vinegar and give half a teaspoonful of dry salt. Continue 
 giving small doses of salt if necessary as we have known it alone to save 
 a number of lives where a doctor was not within reach. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is a sensible treatment as it combines the 
 instructions for keeping quiet, sponging with cold water and giving salt. 
 Any of these are good alone and the three together are better. 
 
 5. Tying with Cord. — Tie a cord about each thigh and about each arm 
 above the felbow and bleeding from the lungs will stop almost instantly. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is also a good treatment for a person who 
 has fainted. 
 
 PLEURISY. 
 Inflammation of the Pleura. 
 
 Description. — This is an inflammation of the serous membrane lining 
 the cavity in which the lung's are situated and covering the lungs them- 
 selves, As this membrane lines the chest and also covers the lungs, there 
 are two serous surfaces touching each other and when one surface is in- 
 flarned the other is likely to he also. Pleurisy is very painful. The pleura 
 is likely to be inflamed in pneumonia and then we aie said to have pleuro- 
 pneumonia- 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a sharp, stitching pain and short, catchy breath- 
 ing. The disease may set in with a chill, followed by fever and a severe 
 .stitching pain in the side. This pain is terribly distressing and is usually 
 referred to the nipples or toward the arm pit. It can be felt low down in 
 the back. It is a sharp, stitching pain and is made worse by breathing and 
 coughing. The fever is not very high but is higher on the affected side 
 than on the sound side. The temperature may drop to normal at the end 
 of a week or ten days. The coughing is an early symptom but is not so 
 distressmg as in pneumonia. There is not much expectoration (spitting). 
 In some cases there is left what is called " water in the chest " (hydro- 
 thorax). Sometimes the chest must be tapped and this water drawn off. 
 There is soinetimes pus in the chest after an acute attack of pleurisy and 
 this is called purulent pleurisy. This sometimes follows other diseases and 
 especially scarlet fever. This purulent pleurisy or empyema is met with 
 under the following conditions : 
 
 (a) As a result of sero-fibrinous pleurisy. 
 
123 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 (b) It is common as a secondary inflammation in various infectious 
 diseases, among which scarlet fever takes first place. 
 
 (c) It may result from local causes like fracture of the ribs, pene- 
 trating wounds, malignant disease of the lungs and gullet, and perhaps most 
 frequently of all, the perforation of the pleura by pus from tuberculous cav- 
 ities. This pus may break through into the gullet, peritoneum, pericardium, 
 or the stomach or even go down farther into the lower abdomen, or belly. 
 This should always be looked for and especially if the original lung dis- 
 ease continues for a long time. 
 
 TREATMENT. — For purulent pleurisy there must be an operation fo; 
 the removal of the pus so that the treatment here given applies more par- 
 ticularly to the dry or acute pleurisy. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Small doses of either tincture of aconite or 
 veratrum viride are good in the early stages. Of either of these medicines the 
 dose for adults is 1 drop every half hour until the patient is slightly sick 
 at the stomach or until the skin becomes moist. Then stop. At first you 
 may give calomel oi epsom salts. One fourth grain of calomel is usually 
 given every half hour until the bowels move. This is then followed with 
 epsom salts if it is thought best to have the bowels move more freely. 
 
 Allow rest and a liquid diet and for adults give Dover's powder at night. 
 
 If necessary for the pain a hypodermic injection of ^ grain of morphine 
 may be given to adults. A mustard plaster may be applied locally. For 
 the pain in children small doses of codeine may be given. The dose is 1/85 
 of a grain. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment.T-^Put 15 drops of the second dilution of Aconite 
 into half a glass of water and into another half glass of water put 15 drops 
 of the second dilution of Byronia. Alternate these two medicines giving two 
 teaspoonfuls every half hour or every hour until the pain is relieved. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Either leeches or adhesive plaster may be applied. 
 Of course if the adhesive plaster is applied you cannot apply the leeches. 
 In case you sweat the patient the plaster should be applied afterward for 
 the plaster will be loosened if applied before sweating. Take strips of ad- 
 hesive plaster 2 inches wide and when applied they should bp 'apped an inch 
 each time. Begin at the backbone and bring the plaster around horizontally 
 to the sternum or breastbone. Do not follow the ribs but bring the plaster 
 around straight from the backbone to the breastbone. Apply from below 
 upward and with enough pressure to prevent almost any movement of the 
 wall of the chest on that side. Do not do this to children as their ribs 
 are softer and bend too much. This treatment is also fine for broken or 
 cracked ribs. 
 
 Keep the patient warm and at rest. Hot drinks are good as they 
 cause sweating and bring the blood to the surface, thus relieving the con- 
 gested pleura. Cover the affected side with cotton sprinkled over with cam- 
 phorated oil or camphor and lard. Or, you can put on a jacket poultice. Of 
 course you qannot do these things if you have applied the adhesive plaster. 
 
 If there is pus in the chest it must be removed by a surgeon and this 
 also applies when there is water in the chest, if the water is not absorbed by 
 treatment. 
 
 Warm fomentations of hops or oats are good. Teas made of either 
 Indian turnip or pleurisy root are also good. Give % ounce of the tea every 
 1 to 2 hours. To promote expectoration (spitting) you may give a tea 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS, 133 
 
 made from comfrey, marshmallow or skunk cabbage. These teas should be 
 sweetened with honey and sharpened with vinegar. 
 
 In the first stages of pleurisy the treatment given for the first stages of 
 pneumonia will apply. Gefthe patient warrn and in a good sweat. For this 
 purpose you may use hot teas, a hot foot bath, hot fomentations or the appli- 
 cation of dry heat. To apply dry heat you can use small pieces of stove wood 
 heated in the oven and wrapped in cloth or a hot salt or sand bag or perhaps 
 hot flatirons. Every one has bottles about the house. These may be filled 
 with hot water, wrapped and placed near the patient. These will soon remove 
 the chill. Get the patient to feeling warm and afterwards moist and sweaty. 
 It is always a good plan after a sweat to bathe the patient under the clothes, 
 using a sponge or cloth and tepid or warm water. Bathe but a small space 
 and then dry before bathing more. After the bath, dry bed clothes and a 
 clean dry night dress should be put on. 
 
 A lady whom I was attending had a severe attack of pleurisy. After 
 making two or three visits and finding that she was not getting along as I 
 wished, I made an examination and found she was very " bilious " and in 
 copsequence the skin was very yellow. I decided that this was the reason 
 the medicines did not act well for the organs were dormant and not active as 
 they should be. 
 
 I told the nurse (an old experienced lady) to give the patient the " Corn 
 Sweat " as I have described it in the " Nursing Department." The nurse told 
 me that to cause sweating she frequently baked sticks of stove wood and 
 placed them about the patient but I told her that in this case I wanted moist 
 heat and so the patient was given the " Corn Sweat." 
 
 I saw the nurse early the next morning and asked about the patient and 
 if she had had a good sweat. The nurse replied that the patient had sweated 
 very freely and was better and then added : " but you ought to have seen her 
 night dress. It was all green caused by the throwing ofif of the bile and 
 poisons." The patient improved rapidly and this was but one instance out 
 of many where the " Corn Sweat " has saved several trips of the doctor to say 
 nothing of the pain and suffering. The " Com Sweat " if used in time will 
 save many doctor bills. ' 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— (Also see " People's Home Remedies " 
 for pneumonia, bronchitis, etc.) 
 
 1. Pleurisy Root. — Make a tea of pleurisy root and give half a teacup- 
 ful every hour or two. This will promote sweating. 
 
 2. Snake Root, Pleurisy Root and Blood Root. — A tea made of white 
 snake root in combination with pleurisy root and blood root is good for lung 
 troubles. Give from % an ounce to 4 ounces of the tea at a dose very 3 or 
 4 hours. 
 
 3. Boneset Tea. — At the beginning of pleurisy give boneset tea. Give 
 from 1 to 4 ounces of the warm tea several times a day. 
 
 4. Crawley Root'. — This is splendid for sweating purposes. Give from 
 20 to 30 grains of the powdered root in hot water and repeat every hour 
 or two. 
 
 5. Pleurisy Root and Crawley Root. — Mix equal parts of powdered 
 pleurisy root and powdered crawley root and give 30 grains in water as hot 
 as the patient can drink. Repeat every hour or two. This will produce 
 sweating. . 
 
 6. Snake Root, Etc.— Keep the patient sweatmg gently by giving half 
 
124 THE PEOPLE'S MOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 a teaspoottful of compound tincture of Virginia snake root every two or three 
 hours. If there is a bad cough frequently give a small dose of tea made from 
 two parts each of pleurisy root arid wild chetry root and one part of blood 
 root. 
 
 7. Poke Root, Blood Robt, May Appld Root, Etc.— If the pleurisy is 
 chronic apply a plaster to the chest made in the following way. Add a little 
 wine to equal parts of beeswax and burgundy pitch. Melt these together and 
 stir in a little poke t-oot, blood root and may apple root. Spread some of this 
 on a piece of cotton and apply warm. Leave it on the chest iot a week 
 or loftger. 
 
 8. Compound SyfUp of Horseradish. — For coughs and Colds the C&m- 
 pound Syrup of Horseradish will be found excellettt arid may be Used for the 
 coughing in pleurisy, pneumonia and grip. Take 4 tablespoorifuls df grated 
 fresh horseradish, 2 tablespoorifuls of boneSet leaves and tops, 1 tableSpooH- 
 ful of Canada snake root, 2 pounds of sugar and a sUfficieut quaritlty of boil- 
 ing water arid weak vinegar. Steep the boneset and snake root ih % pint 
 of boiling water and press well, adding boiling water to it until i/^ P^ttt of 
 tea is obtained; then add the sugar arid dissolve by slow heat. Add the 
 horseradish to 14 P'nt of diluted vittegar; let stand for 2 days and theH press, 
 adding more dihited vinegar to the mass until % pint of solution is obtained. 
 Add this to the synip and shake until all the sugar is dissolved. Give from 
 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls every 2 or 3 hours. 
 
 ASTHMA, \ 
 Bronchial Asthma. 
 
 Causes. — This disease sottletimes runs in fattlilies and especially in 
 families having irritable riervoiis systems. It may also follow other diseasfeS. 
 It is more frequent with men thah with WOmett. Change of locatioti Causes 
 it to come and go. Odo)-s may btirig on an attack as also tliay the bteathiflg 
 of air filled with dust. 
 
 Symptoms. — The attack Usually comes on at night. The patient struggles 
 to breathe and has a sense of tightness across the chest and a whee^y cough 
 which is hard at first and then softer and followed by raising a little mUCUs, 
 causing the patient to feel easier. The patient is Compelled to sit Up in bed 
 or go to the window to breathe and wheeze. It may run for several hours and 
 it may last for days. It gets better gradually and the patient Speaks and 
 coughs more easily. There may be the same train of symptoms for sevetal 
 evenings. He may not sUflFer again for some time but the attacks are 
 likely to return unless a cure is effected. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive. — The old saying that " an ounce of prevention is worth a 
 pound of cUte " applies in the treatment of asthma, so I' will first give a pre- 
 ventive for this disease. It is ais6 a cUre for individual attacks. 
 
 Asthma Tincture. — Take 1/2 pound of quick lime and " slack " it by 
 turning on 2 quarts of hot water and while it is " slacking " and boiling stir 
 in 2 teaspoonfuls of tar, mix well and let settle. Take 1/2 pound of Wild or 
 Indian turnip, V2 pound of fresh inilkweed, and a small handful of lobelia leaves, 
 and bruise and steep these in 2 quarts of wine at a Sand heat for 24 hours; then 
 press and strain and add the lime water arid bdttle at once. Dose — a wine- 
 glassful 3 times a day for asthma. This asthma tincture is also good for 
 coughs, hysterics, spasrtis atid consumption. 
 
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 125 
 
 For use in the intervals between the attacks of asthma I will give 
 another prescription. Take ^4 pound of liverwort, 14 pound of Solomon's 
 seal, % pound of skunk cabbage, 1/4 pound of horehound and 2 ounces of 
 blood root. Bruise these together, add water, boil until the strength is ex- 
 tracted, strain and then boil down to 4 quarts and strain again. To this add 
 5 pounds of honey and 1/2 pint of brandy and allow it to settle. Take a wine- 
 glassful 3 01 4 times a day. Put a strengthening plaster on the chest. 
 
 If there is difficult breathing take % ounce each of blood root, lobelia 
 and pleurisy root ; bruise all and add 1 quart of wine. - Take a tablespoon- 
 ful occasionally. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment— For relief when threatened with asthma inhale 
 nitrite of amyl for a few minutes. Smoke some of the powders used for this 
 disease. A person with a strong heart can take tincture of lobelia. Give from 
 1/2 to 1 teaspoonful at one dose and then repeat in 10-drop doses every % 
 hour to 1 hour until circulation is depressed and the skin is moist and perspir- 
 ing. This may make the patient sick at the stomach and cause him to vomit 
 but to do any good this medicine must be used in these doses. 
 
 Fluid extract of ipecac is also good. Give from 1 to 5 drops every 10 or 
 15 minutes until sick at the stomach. Tincture of skunk cabbage may be 
 taken in teaspoonful doses 3 tipies a day. Another remedy is the powdered 
 root of the Indian turnip. Take 10 grains 3 times a day. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment.-— Give 1/100 of a grain of Tartar Emetic every 
 y<2, hour until' the patient feels a little sick at the stomach. For a child use 
 the third trituration of the same medicine. Give 1 tablet every half hour 
 until relieved. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Be careful of the diet and also about taking cold. Be 
 on the outlook for other diseases. Examine the rectum and other openings 
 and also the tonsils to see if they are all right. Also examine for heart disease. 
 A patient who is subject to asthma should always have on hand some nitrite 
 of amyl. When an attack comes on break one of the capsules into a handker- 
 chief and inhale the odor for a few minutes. 
 
 When the patient lives in a dry furnace-heated house it is well to put 
 him into a bronchitis tent as described in the " Nursing Department." Steam 
 kettles which are manufactured for the treatment of this disease are also 
 good. You can put cotton saturated with the medicine into the receptacle for 
 it and the steam from the water will go through the cotton and relieve the 
 patient. The steam coming from the spout of this little kettle is not very 
 hot and you can generally put your open mouth over the spout. If it is too 
 hot you can make a roll with some writing paper and put one end over the 
 spout while you inhale the steam from the other end. You must get the 
 steam into the bronchial tubes. Here is a good soothing medicine to put 
 upon the absorbent cotton. Take equal pa-rts of tincture of benzoin, oil of 
 eucalyptus and oil of tar ; put a tablespoonful of this mixture upon the cotton 
 and put into the receptacle prepared for it. Then light the alcohol lamp, 
 fill the water basin half full of water and the saturated steam will soon 
 appear. This little kettle can be purchased for ^bout $1.50. 
 
 [PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. General Treatment. — Protect the chest with warm clothing. Do 
 not sleep on, or handle, beds or pillows made either of feathers or straw but 
 use a corn husk mattress and a husk or air pillow. Do not use straw mat- 
 ting in the house or straw under the carpets. There seems to be small par- 
 
126 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEBICAL BOOK. 
 
 tides flying from matting and straw that irritate the air passages. Use 
 every precaation against taking cold. Discard GOBsets and do not wear low 
 necked dresses. Never sit down or lie down with damp feet. Keep the feet 
 warm ^nd the nerves quiet. Some relief may be obtained by burning or 
 smokinFf a Uttle saltpeter paper in the room. Prepare the paper in the follow- 
 ing v/av and keep it on hand for use. Dissolve a tablespoonful of saltpeter 
 in a teacupful of water. Pour this over some strips of brown paper placed in 
 a plate and let it stand for a few hours, then dry the papers in the sun and 
 save for use. When needed burn one of these papers in the room and breathe 
 the smoke. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The lady sending the above must have had experi- 
 ence with asthma for she gives some good practical advice. 
 
 2. Alum and Molasses. — An excellent remedy is to take a teaspoonful 
 of powdered alum mixed with a little molasses every 15 minutes until it 
 causes vomiting. 
 
 3. Mustard Poultice. — Relief is often obtained by applying a strong 
 mustard poultice over the stomach and chest. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Mustard irritates, causing the tubes to dilate and 
 thus aids the breathing. 
 
 4. Tobacco or Stramonium Leaves. — In some cases the smoking of 
 either tobacco or stramonium leaves gives a great dea,l of relief. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The fumes enter the bronchial tubes and act di- 
 rectly upon them and smoking these herbs is therefore better than taking 
 them as medicine. 
 
 5. Saltpeter. — For spvasmodic asthma soak a sheet of unglazed paper 
 in a solution of saltpeter for 15 or 20 minutes, then fold and dry it in an 
 oven. When an attack comes on light one end of the paper allowing it to 
 burn so that the patient may inhale the fumes. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — A few drops of tincture of benzoin sprinkled upon 
 the paper makes it more effective. Saltpeter paper and stramonium leaves 
 when smoked and the fumes inhaled often relieve attacks of asthma. 
 
 6. Lobelia Tea. — Steep an ounce of dry lobelia leaves in a pint of 
 water and give a tablespoonful every 15 minutes until it produces vomiting. 
 The tincture of lobelia is also used. The doje is from 15 to 60 drops. 
 
 7. Mullein Leaves and Saltpeter. — Soak some dried mullein leaves in 
 a solution of saltpeter and water, dry and put aside till needed. When re- 
 quired, burn one of these leaves and inhale the smoke. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The smoking of mullein leaves alOne is considered 
 by many to be a good remedy for asthma and others have found the salt- 
 peter to be good. Then why should not the two together be a good combi- 
 nation ? 
 
 8. Vinegar, Turpentine and Egg. — Take a cupful of vinegar; add a 
 wineglassful of turpentine and 1 egg; beat together and use as a liniment 
 on the chest. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This produces counter irritation. 
 
 9. Poplar Bark Tea. — Take a tea made by steeping white poplar bark 
 in water. The dose is half a wineglassful. 
 
DISEASES OF THE HEART, ARTERIES 
 AND VEINS. 
 
 (Diseases of the Organs of Circulation.) 
 
 Description of the Heart and Valves. — The heart is a hollow muscular 
 organ somewhat the shape of a cone and it is located between the right 
 and left lungs. It is placed obliquely in the chest, with the broad end or 
 base directed upward, backward and to the right, and lies between points on a 
 line with the 5th and 8th dorsal vertebrae. The point, or apex, of the heart 
 is downward, forward and to the left and corresponds to the space between 
 the cartilages of the 5th and 6th ribs, % of an inch to the inner side and 1% 
 inches below the left nipple or about 3% inches from the middle line of the 
 breast bone (sternum). The base or large end of the heart is placed behind 
 the breast bone and extends farther into the left than into the right half of the 
 cavity of the chest. About one-third of the heart lies to the right and % to the 
 left of the middle of the breast bone. It lies behind the middle portion of both 
 breast bone and the costal cartilages of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th ribs of both 
 sides. In a grown person the heart measures about 5 inches in length, 3% 
 inches in breadth at its broadest part and 2% inches thick. 
 
 The heart is divided into right and left sides by a muscular wall (septum) 
 which runs lengthwise of the heart. The right side is called the right or 
 pulmonary heart and the left side is called the left or systemic heart. The 
 right side is called the pulmonary heart because it sends the blood to the lungs 
 and the left side is called the systemic heart because it sends the blood 
 all through the system. Another wall or constriction in the heart divides 
 each half into an upper and lower cavity. The two upper cavities are 
 called auricles and the two lower cavities are called ventricles. We thus have 
 a right and a left auricle and a right and a left ventricle. The auricles occupy 
 the base or large end of the heart. The right side of the heart contains ' 
 venous or impure blood and the left side contains arterial or pure blood. 
 
 Plan of Circulation. — From the general system the venous or impure 
 blood enters the right auricle and from there it goes down into the right 
 ventricle through an opening guarded by the tricuspid valves and it leaves the 
 right ventricle through an opening guarded by the pulmonary semilunar valves. 
 From the heart the impure blood is carried by the pulmonary artery to the 
 lungs to be purified. It circulates through the lungs and gives off its impuri- 
 ties and takes in fresh oxygen from the air. The pulmonary vein brings the 
 blood from the lungs, after being purified, back to the heart. It iirst enters 
 the left auricle and then goes through an opening, guarded by the mitral 
 valve, down into the left ventricle. The blood is forced from the left 
 ventricle through an opening guarded by the aortic semilunar valves. It is 
 carried from the heart by tihe aorta artery and this divides and subdivides 
 into many srtialler arteries so that the blood reaches every part of the body 
 and gives up its oxygen to the various parts and takes in the impurities. It 
 
 127 
 
138 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 is then collected by the veins and carried back to the heart and thus it con- 
 tinues making its tour of the body as long as we live. 
 
 We have spoken of a number of valves in the heart. If these valves 
 become weakened or diseased they cannot entirely close the openings of the 
 heart and part of the blood flows back each time with a gurgling sound 
 called regurgitation. 
 
 EMERGENCY REMEDIES OR WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF HEART 
 
 FAILURE. 
 
 Persons having heart disease should always keep Certain remedies on 
 hand to be used in case of emergency. We will mention several of these 
 remedies and tell how they should be used and the members of the house- 
 hold should become familiar with them and their uses. 
 
 Nitrite of amyl perles should always be at hand and one who has heart 
 trouble should always carry some of these cajpsules with him. Break one 
 into a handkerchief and inhale the fumes for a few minutes when you feel a 
 fainting attack corning on. 
 
 Buy some tablets containing 1/60 of a grain of strychnine and when 
 an attack comes on give one of tnese tablets and if necessary repeat in from 
 Yz hour to 1 hour if no other medicine like digitalis has beeii giveh. N'eVer 
 give more ,than the two doses and never give but one dose if other heart 
 medicines have been given. Strychnine is good when there is a weak and 
 faint feeling caused by over exertion, anger, etc. * 
 
 Also keep a one or two-ounce bottle of digitalis within teach. You can 
 give 5 drops and repeat the dose in 10 minutes and again in half ian hour if 
 necessary. If it works well the patient can breathe easiei" and if necessary 
 it may then be taken 4 times a day for the next two days. Digitalis may be 
 given also when but one of the strychnine tablets abovfe have been given. 
 Do not give more than one dose of the strychnine if you Use digitalis, brandy 
 or whiskey. 
 
 Besides these remedies there should also be at hand some spirits of 
 camphor or ammonia to smell of and some brandy or whiskey for a stimulant 
 and for palpitation caused by stomach trouble. For gas on the stomach 
 which distresses the heart it is well to keep Some baking soda, gihger or 
 peppermint at hand. 
 
 In case of emergency you can then give the patient the amyl, camphor 
 or ammonia to smell of and also give either strychnine or the digitalis or if 
 these are not at hand you can give either the whiskey, brandy, ginger, piepper- 
 mint or soda according to the case. If the patient can breathe easily he 
 should be laid flat but if the breathing is difficult he should be propped Up in 
 bed with plenty of pillows to support him. See that the amis and legs have 
 proper support. Remember that the patient must have plenty of fresh air 
 but that it should be .warm as patients suflfering from an attack of heart 
 trouble feel the cold intensely. Avoid all sudden movements and noises that 
 would startle the patient. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — A person with heart trouble should be kept in a com- 
 fortable position. This is sometimes difficult to do owing to dropsy and 
 difficult breathing which causes bodily distress and restlessness. If it is diffi- 
 cult for the patient to breathe he should be kept pro)3ped up in bed or in an 
 easy chair with plenty of pillows to provide rest for the arms. Avoid move- 
 ments and noises that will startle the patient. Admit plenty oi warm fresh a^r. 
 
DISEASES OF THE HEART. 139 
 
 The diet must be carefully regulated. There is always a tendency toward 
 flatulence, or wind in the stomach and bowels, in heart disease. Foods such 
 as starch and sugar tend to increase this gas and should be avoided. But 
 little liquid should be given when there is dropsy. A milk diet is best during 
 any heart disease and is often improved by giving the whites of eggs, etc., 
 in it. Be careful to keep the bowels regular and the kidneys working freely. 
 The stomach should not be overloaded and the patient should not eat any 
 food that disagrees with him or that produces gas. The gas will press upon 
 the heart by distending the stomach and cause much distress. The patient 
 should not take stimulants and especially alcohol. The bowels must be kept 
 open by laxatives if necessary. If the kidneys do not act freely make a tea 
 of digitalis which is commonly known as foxglove and give from 1 to 4 tea- 
 spoonfuls every 3 or 4 hours for a few days. The tincture of digitalis should 
 not be given without directions from the doctor unless it is an emergency 
 case. 
 
 A person who is affected with disease of the heart should lead a life 
 free from excitement, worry, grief and trouble. He should never hurry and 
 should never run or over-do in any way. The heart must not be overworked. 
 
 When one having heart trouble has a bad spell or suffers from an attack 
 of shortness of breath with difficult and distressing breathing and the pulse 
 is irregular and either weak or fast, you can give 5 drops of digitalis in a 
 little water. This may be repeated in 10 minutes and again in half an hour 
 if necessary. Two hours later you can give another dose and for the next 
 two days it may be given four times a day if necessary but shoujd not be 
 continued longer. 
 
 If a person with heart disease is taken with a weak faint attack and is 
 unable to sit up and must lie down, a tablet containing 1/60 of a grain of 
 strychnine would be a good thing to give. The patient should also smell 
 of camphor or ammonia or amyl. Hot brandy or whiskey is good in such cases 
 and especially if the spell is caused by a bad stomach. The liquor causes the 
 gas to come up and this relieves the patient. Remember that any one who 
 feels faint should lie down with his head low if he can breathe in that position. 
 The clothes round the neck and waist should be loosened and fresh air must 
 be admitted to the room. 
 
 Ginger, peppermint and soda are also good for the gas on the stomach, 
 but soda must be used with caution when there is organic heart trouble. It 
 will relieve the gas in a few moments but right at first it is likely to distend 
 the stomach and if the heart is in a very bad condition it might be dangerous by 
 causing more pressure on the heart. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PALPITATION OF THE HEART. 
 
 1. Tincture of Ginger. — Take half a teaspoonful of tincture of ginger 
 every hour. 
 
 2. Baking Soda. — Drink half a glass of water with a teaspoonful of soda 
 dissolved in it. 
 
 3. Table Salt. — If it is caused by the stomach and comes on upon 
 lying down at night, eat a little table salt. The lady sending this recipe 
 advises that the patient lie on the back or right side and says that a very 
 small lump of salt has given her many a night's sleep. 
 
 4. Magnesia, Charcoal, Brandy and Cayenne Pepper. — If there is a sour 
 stQmach take magnesia or prepared charcoal. Also put a little cayenne 
 jpepper into some brandy sad give that. 
 
 
 
130 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — If stomach trouble is the cause this treatment will 
 help that and consequently relieve the heart trouble. 
 
 5. Breathing. — Persons who are subject to palpitation should abstain 
 from coffee, tea, tobacco and liquors. When an attack comes on the patient 
 should lie upon the back and draw in full breaths of air to fill the lungs. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is good advice to follow in this trouble. 
 
 COMPENSATION AND FAILURE OF COMPENSATION. 
 
 The heart has a certain reserve force by which it can for a time do more 
 work than it is usually called upon to perform, and which, when any part 
 of the heart becomes diseased, often allows of its adjusting itself to the new 
 conditions thus warding off the ill effects of the disease. This reserve force 
 is called " compensation." A person may have heart disease for years with- 
 out knowing it or being inconvenienced by it beyond an occasional shortness 
 of breath when climbing or walking quickly. If, for any reason, the heart 
 ceases to adjust itself to the conditions forced upon it by disease, there is 
 said to be " failure of compensation." 
 
 ENLARGEMENT OF THE HEART— DILATATION. 
 
 Dilatation of the heart means enlargement of the cavities of the heart, 
 Dilatation is frequently one of the means by which the heart adjusts itseli 
 to the extra work forced upon it by disease. Hypertrophy is an enlargement 
 of the heart due to an increased thickness, total or partial, in the muscular 
 walls of the heart. It is the principal factor in compensation. It sometimes 
 causes headache, roaring in the ears, flushing of the face and " heart pain." 
 Dilatation is an increase in size of one or more chambers or cavities of 
 the heart either with or without thickening of the muscular walls. Generally 
 enlargement of the cavities and of the walls of the heart go together. The en- 
 largement may affect the entire heart, one side, or only one chamber. As 
 the ventricles do the chief work in forcing the blood through the arteries it 
 is natural that the change or enlargement is most frequently found in them. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a sense of fullness and discomfort, rarely amount- 
 ing to pain, about the heart. This may be very noticeable when the patient 
 is lying on his left side. There may be palpitation, headaches, flushes in the 
 face, noises in the ears and there may be flashes. A physical examination 
 shows a weak and enlarged heart. The heart sounds are not normal. The 
 pulse is small, weak, quick and often irregular. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 You must treat the disease that causes it. Look after the kidneys and 
 toxic (poison) diseases such as typhoid fever, scarlet fever, etc. 
 
 NEUROSIS. 
 
 Description. — This is a nervous affection of the heart in which there is 
 no real heart disease. 
 
 Causes. — It occurs most frequently in connection with hysteria, dis- 
 tention of the stomach and anemia and as the result of the over use of to- 
 bacco or stimulants. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms occur only in paroxysms. There is violent, 
 rapid and often irregular heart action, heart pain, difficulty in breathing and 
 a feeling' of suffocation. 
 
DISEASES OF THE HEART. 131 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Stop the use of tobacco and alcohol if that be the cause. Treat the 
 anemia, hysteria or other disease that causes it. 
 
 FATTY HEART. 
 
 This is often caused by over-eating, a lazy inactive life, lack of exercise 
 and too much drinking of liquors. 
 
 REGURGITATION. 
 
 This is flowing back of the blood due to improper or insufficient closing 
 of the valves of the heart. It is most commonly the result of endocarditis. 
 Treat the cause. 
 
 STENOSIS. 
 
 This is due to the thickening of the valve and the obstruction of the 
 blood flow. If the mitral valve is affected it is called mitral stenosis and if 
 the aortic valve is affected it is called aortic stenosis. 
 
 BREAST PANG— ANGINA PECTORIS. 
 
 The real angina pectoris is a rare disease. It is really but a symptom 
 going with hardening of the root of the aorta and changes in the coronary 
 arteries and with other diseased conditions of the heart. 
 
 Symptoms. — It is marked by paroxysms of agonizing pain in the region 
 of the heart and extending into the neck and arms. In violent attacks there 
 is a sensation of impending death. 
 
 Treatment. — A doctor must always be called for violent heart pain. 
 The patient should lead a quiet life. During the attack inhale nitrite of 
 amyl. Break one of the perles or capsules containing from 2 to 5 drops 
 upon the handkerchief and inhale. If this fails to give relief in a few min- 
 utes the patient should take a few breaths of chloroform. If the pain con- 
 tinues take a hypodermic injection of % grain of morphine. ' Smell of cam- 
 phor or ammonia. Always keep the feet warm. Do not over exercise when 
 affected with any heart trouble. Let the bicycle alone, do not run for cars or 
 trains and do not hurry in any way. 
 
 PERICARDITIS. 
 
 Description. — The pericardium is a membrane or sac surrounding the 
 heart. Pericarditis is inflammation of this membrane. 
 
 Causes. — It usually develops from other diseases such as rheumatism, 
 Bright's disease, diphtheria, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is fever, distress, tenderness and sometimes pain at 
 the heart and radiating from it. There is a rapid, feeble and irregular pulse. 
 There is anxiety, sickness at the stomach and vomiting and in some cases 
 there is a short hacking cough. Toward the end there is pallor, coldness, a 
 livid face and swelling of the • face and extremities. The sac sometimes 
 fills with water. 
 
 Treatment. — Apply the ice bag and observe absolute quiet. Aconite and 
 digitalis may do some good but it is doubtful. The diet should be light, 
 dry and nutritious for there is often an accumulation of water before the 
 disease has lasted long. Use blisters for the water. Treat symtoms as they 
 arise. 
 
132 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 ENDOCARDITIS. 
 (Acute, Malignant and Chronic.) 
 
 This is an inflammation of the membrane lining the inside of the heart, 
 It is usually confined to the valves and it occurs in two or three forms. The 
 simple or acute kind is characterized by growths on the valves or membrane 
 and with loss of substance in the valve tissues. The chronic kind is a slow 
 hardening change resulting in thickening, puckering and deformity. The 
 simple or acute kind is usually found with some other affection. It is 
 frequently associated with acute articular (joint) rheumatism, and tonsilitis 
 may be complicated with it. It is not uncommon in scarlet fever but is rare 
 in measles, chicken-pox, diphtheria, small-pox and typhoid fever. In pneu- 
 monia all kinds are common. The acute simple kind is very frequent in 
 fatal cases of St. Vitus's dance or chorea. Endocarditis is met with also in 
 cancer, gout, diabetes and simple acute Bright's disease. 
 
 Symptoms of Acute Kind. — The symptoms are not very characteristic. 
 In acute rheumatism the heart beats faster and is slightly irregular and the 
 fever increases without more joint trouble. There is sometimes difficulty 
 in breathing. You must always watch the heart in acute rheumatism. 
 
 Malignant endocarditis is usually secondary to some other disease and 
 is really an intensified acute endocarditis. 
 
 Acute endocarditis frequently runs into chronic endocarditis. The hard- 
 ening (sclerosis) may be primary but is often secondary to acute endocar- 
 ditis. The hardening leads to deformity of the valves and is the foundatioij. 
 for chronic valvular heart disease. Alcohol, syphilis and gout appear to be 
 capable of causing this hardening. Another cause is the strain of prolonged 
 and heavy muscular exertion like heavy lifting. This disease may cause 
 hardening of the aortic valves in young people and middle aged men. 
 
 CHRONIC VALVULAR HEART DISEASE. 
 Description. — This is due to a diseased condition of the valves. The 
 hardening causes weak valves or stenosis. This weakness of the valves and 
 stenosis (narrowing) may exist alone or together. This narrowing parti- 
 ally hinders the normal outflow of blood and the weakness of the valves* 
 ■ permits the blood current to take a wrong course and part of the blood 
 flows backward. In either narrowing or weakness the effect is dilatation or 
 enlargement of a cavity of the heart. In stenosis, or narrowing, the result is 
 an increase in the difficulty which the chamber has in expelling the blood 
 through the narrow opening. If there is insufficiency or weakness of the valve 
 the result is the over filling of a chamber of the heart by blood coming into 
 it from an improper source, for instance, in mitral insufficiency or weakness, 
 of the mitral valve between the left ventricle and left auricle, the blood flows 
 into the left auricle from the pulmonary vein as it should do but the blood 
 also flows into it from the left ventricle and stretches the walls of the auricle, 
 causing dilatation and finally enlargement. This flowing back of the blood 
 is most commonly caused by weakness in the valves but may be caused by an 
 abnormally large orifice or opening so that the valve does not entirely close 
 it. This trouble is more frequent in males and affects chiefly able bodied 
 vigorous men of middle age. 
 
 Symptoms. — Headache, dizziness, flashes of light and a feeling of faint- 
 ness on rising quickly are among the earliest symptoms. Palpitation and 
 heart distress are common on slight exertion. The pain may be dull, aching 
 
 ■'•'', 
 
 i„ 
 
DISEASES OF THE HEART. 133 
 
 and confined to the heart region but more frequently it is sharp and radiating 
 and is felt up the neck and down the arms and particularly the inside of the 
 left arm. Attacks of true breast pang are more frequent in this than in 
 any other valvular disease. As the disease progresses there is shortness of 
 breath and swelling of the feet. The patient must sit up in a chair to sleep. 
 The attacks are likely to come on at night. 
 
 AORTIC STENOSIS. 
 
 Aoftic stenosis, or narrowing, is not nearly as common as insufficiency 
 or weakness. 
 
 Symptoms. — The early symptoms are due to a defective blood supply to 
 the brain causing dizziness and fainting. There is palpitation and pain 
 about the heart and also breast pain. These symptoms are not so marked 
 as when there is weakness or insufficiency. 
 
 MITRAL VALVE INCOMPETENCY. 
 
 This weakness or insufficiency of the mitral valve ensues: 
 
 (a) From changes in the valve segments whereby they are contracted 
 and shortened, usually combined with changes in the tendinous cords inside 
 the ventricle or with more or less narrowing of the orifice or opening. 
 
 (b) As a result of changes in the muscular walls of the ventricle ; either 
 dilatation, so that the valve segments fa'il to close an enlarged opening, or 
 changes in the muscular substance so that the segments are imperfectly con- 
 tracted during the systole or contraction of the heart. The common causes 
 producing insufficiency are endocarditis which causes a gradual thickening 
 at the edges of the valves, contraction of the tendinous cords, and union of 
 the edges of the segments. These segments are parts that make up the valve. 
 In the majority of cases there is not only weakness or insufficiency but some 
 narrowing, or stenosis, as well. 
 
 Symptoms. — These may come on gradually and the patient may not be 
 aware that he has heart trouble on account of perfect compensation or ad- 
 justment of the heart to the conditions. He may perhaps experience a little 
 shortness of breath on exertion or on going up stairs. It is only when the heart 
 has not adjusted itself to the changed conditions or fails to continue to do so 
 that the patient begins to be troubled. 
 
 While the compensation is still good, and before the appearance of any 
 marked symptoms, patients with extreme incompetency often have a con- 
 gested appearance of the face and the lips and ears have a bluish tint. In 
 long standing cases, particularly in children, the ends of the fingers may be 
 larger and there is shortness of breath on exertion. The patients have a 
 tendency toward attacks of bronchitis or bleeding from the lungs because of 
 the congested condition. 
 
 Sooner or later comes a period of disturbed or broken compensation in 
 which the most intense symptoms are those of venous engorgements (con- 
 gestion in the veins). There is palpitation, a weak irregular heart and signs 
 of dilatation. Hard difficult breathing is a prominent feature and there may 
 be coughing. A distressing symptom is the heart " sleep start," in which, 
 just as the patient falls asleep, he wakes gasping and feeling as if his heart 
 was stopping. There is usually a slight blueness and even a yellow tint to 
 the skin. There may be coughing with bloody or watery expectoration 
 
134 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 (spitting). There may also be dropsy beginning in the feet. On putting 
 the ear over the heart there is heard a blowing sound which ife loudest at 
 the point of the heart. 
 
 MITRAL STENOSIS. 
 
 Description. — This is a narrowing of the mitral opening. 
 
 Causes. — This is usually the result of valvular endocarditis occurring in 
 the earlier years of life and very rarely one is born with it. It is very much 
 more common in men than in women. Rheumatism is more common with 
 boys than with girls and it is well known that endocarditis c^f the mitral 
 valve is more common in rhetimatism. Anemia and chlorosis occur oftener 
 in girls, however, and these sometimes produce endocarditis. 
 
 Symptoms. — In children the lower part of the breast bone and 5th and 
 6th left costal cartilages are often pron;iinent owing to enlargement of the 
 right ventricle. In ausculation (listening with the ear and instrument), 
 at the inner side of the point of the heart there is usually heard a rough or 
 purring sound. This is characteristic only when compensation is maintained. 
 Finally, upon failure of compensation, other sharp sounds are heard. Fol- 
 lowing the failure of compensation are rapid and irregular action of the 
 heart, shortness of breath, coughing and signs of lung engorgement, etc. 
 Perhaps a majority of cases of mitral stenosis are not attended with dropsy. 
 
 TRICUSPID VALVE DISEASE. 
 
 Occasionally this results from acute or chronic endocarditis with puck- 
 ering. More commonly the condition is one of relative insufficiency or weak- 
 ness and is secondary to lesions of the valves on the left side and particularly 
 of the mitral valve. It is also met with in all Conditions of the lungs which 
 cause obstructed circulation, such as hardening and emphysema and partic- 
 ularly in combination with chronic bronchitis. 
 
 TRICUSPID STENOSIS. 
 
 Stenosis means " narrowing." This may be congenital or acquired. 
 Symptoms. — Blueness of the lips and face is a very common symptom 
 and in the late stages, when dropsy comes on, it is likely to be intense. 
 
 PULMONARY VALVE DISEASE. 
 
 Murmurs in this region are extremely common but lesions of the 
 valves are exceedingly rare. Pulmonary stenosis is almost invariably con- 
 genital, that is, the patient is born with it. The signs are very uncertain. 
 
 PULMONARY INSUFFICIENCY. 
 
 This is very rare. 
 
 GENERAL TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASE. 
 
 The treatment must be directed to the conditions and symptoms such 
 as dropsy, etc. The patient should live an equable life and maintain an 
 even temper and in the dangerous conditions should observe absolute rest. 
 Anger, excitement, rush, hurry and overdoing are very dangerous. Avoid 
 going up and down stairs and doing any work that requires placing or 
 
DISEASES OF THE HEART. 135 
 
 holding the arms higher than the head. Persons afflicted with heart trouble 
 should always keep proper medicines on hand both for regular taking and 
 for emergencies. (See Emergency Treatment.) 
 
 ARTERIO SCLEROSIS. 
 
 In this disease the blood vessels become weaker, crooked and more 
 likely to break or rupture. 
 
 Causes. — It is caused by age and intemperance in eating and drinking. 
 Mental and physical over exertion, syphilis and gout are other causes. 
 
 Treatment. — There is very little you can do for it except to keep the 
 patient in good condition. Do not over exert. 
 
 ANEURISM. 
 
 This is a local dilatation of an artery and is due to the weakening of the 
 wall or coat of the artery so that it is unable to stand the pressure of the 
 blood. The coats of the blood vessel are thinned and one of the coats may 
 be worn through. There is a lump in the artery and a purring sound may be 
 heard upon putting the ear to it. 
 
 Treatment. — Rest and a quiet life and an operation if possible. 
 
 VARICOSE VEINS. 
 Varix. 
 
 Description. — By this is meant an enlarged, crooked and knotty condi- 
 tion of the veins. In general use this term is usually applied to the veins 
 of the extremities and particularly to those of the legs. The disease begins 
 by a slow dilatation or enlargement of the vein which gradually becomes 
 thickened and crooked. It generally affects only the veins near the surface. 
 
 Causes. — (a) It occurs more frequently in females than in males and 
 often follows enlargement of the womb from any cause, (b) The tendency 
 toward varicose veins increases with advanced age. (c) It may be caused 
 by obstructing the flow of the blood in the veins. Tight garters or other 
 tight clothing may thus cause it. (d) Occupations which require much 
 standing may be the cause, (e) It is also due to tumors of the pelvis, preg- 
 nancy and diseases of the heart and lungs. 
 
 Treatment. — Apply a local elastic bandage or a perfectly fitting silk 
 elastic stocking. Sometimes an operation is necessary and part of the vein 
 is removed. Remove the causes and attend to the bowels, liver, heart and 
 lung conditions. Observe quiet and keep off the feet as much as possible. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Alum Water, Lead Water or White Oak Tea. — For varicose veins 
 bathe the affected parts with alum water, lead water or a tea made from 
 white oak bark. 
 
 2. Plantain and Burdock Leaves. — Bruise some plantain and burdock 
 leaves and bind upon the affected parts. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — All the ingredients containe4 in the two remedies 
 ajjove are good because of their astringent qualities. 
 
 3. Alcohol. — For varicose veins, bathing the parts freely with cold 
 water or dilute alcohol will be found beneficial at the commencement of 
 the trouble. After they have become knotted or painful a laced stocking 
 should be worn. 
 
DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 
 
 (Including diseases of the ductless glands.) 
 
 ANEMIA. 
 
 In anemia the blood lacks the normal quantity of red cells or of hemo- 
 globin in the cells. 
 
 Following we will treat Chlorosis or Primary Anemia, Seconaary Anemia 
 and Pernicious Anemia. 
 
 GREEN SICKNESS— CHLOROSIS. 
 Primary or Essential Anemia. 
 
 This is a condition of the blood usually met with in young girls. It is 
 characterized by the small quantity of hemoglobin and red cells in the blood. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a peculiar pallor of the skin which often has a 
 greenish hue. This is why it is called " green sickness." The patient is 
 nearly, if not always, plump and possessed of a good quantity of fat. The 
 patient may be ruddy looking and the disease is then called " Chlorosis 
 Florida." Difficult breathing, palpitation of the heart, dizziness and perhaps 
 attacks of partial fainting are some of the symptoms. There is always con- 
 stipation. The patient is gloomy and dull. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment is somewhat similar to the treatment of the 
 secondary form of anemia. Pay particular attention to the bowels and keep 
 them open. Larger doses of iron are needed than for the secondary form but 
 the iron is likely to be constipating. 
 
 SECONDARY ANEMIA. 
 
 Causes. — Most cases of anemia belong to this class and are due to loss 
 of blood or one of the infectious diseases. Sometimes it comes from breath- 
 ing foul air and factory girls and stenographers frequently are affected. Over- 
 work and insufficient and improper food are also causes. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is marked paleness and the cheeks may have no color ; 
 
 or, they may have color and even then the patient may suffer from palpitation 
 
 ,,of the heart. Headache, neuralgia, loss of appetite, constipation and attacks of 
 
 fainting are sometimes due to anemia and in women to amenorrhea or no 
 
 monthly flow. 
 
 Treatment. — Remove the causes. Eat a proper diet and live a hygienic 
 life with plenty of fresh air, sunshine and outdoor exercise. Iron and arsenic 
 and sometimes bitter tonics are used. For the constipation give cascara sag- 
 rada and especially if iron is given for iron is constipating. Stimulate the 
 appetite with drugs like nux vomica, quinine or other bitter tonics like carda- 
 mon or gentian. The following is a good prescription for this trouble. Take 
 5 grains of reduced iron, Ys grain of arsenious acid and 5 grains of extract of 
 nux vomica. Make this into 20 pills and take one after each meal. In some 
 cases you can use 2 grains of quinine in place of the nux vomica. If the 
 stomach is in poor condition dilute hydrochloric acid in 5-drop doses and 
 pepsin in 5-grain doses or pancreatin and soda or taka-diastase in 3 or 3-grain 
 
 136 
 
DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 13? 
 
 'doses with the meals are advisable. Or, you can take the elixir taka-diastase in 
 1 to 2 teaspoonful doses. 
 
 PERNICIOUS ANEMIA. 
 
 This is very often a fatal malady. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are those of severe anemia. There is a 
 lemon colored skin and thin blood which coagulates slowly. There is a 
 tendency to bleeding into the skin and mucous membrane. In severe cases 
 pus may form around the edges of the teeth. 
 
 LEUKEMIA. 
 (The Blood Sufferers.) 
 There are an extraordinary number of the white cells of the blood with 
 alterations in the bone marrow. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is as yet unknown. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment is not very satisfactory. Large doses of 
 arsenic will delay the advance of the disease and may do some good. Give 
 5 drops of Fowler's solution of arsenic 3 times a day. 
 
 HEMOPHYLIA. 
 
 This is when the blood does not clot normally. The treatment is to 
 build up the system with tonics. 
 
 PURPURA. 
 
 This is the escaping of small quantities of the blood into the skin. 
 
 Treatment. — Eat easily digested and nutritious food and remain in the 
 sunshine all day. Give tonics such as iron, arsenic, gentian, quinine or co- 
 lumbo. 
 
 PEOP];.E'S HOME REMEDIES FOR THE BLOOD.— Including Syrups, 
 Herbs Remedies and Blood Purifiers. 
 
 1. Cider, Yellow Dock and Horseradish. — To 1 quart of hard cider 
 add 1 ounce of yellow dock root and % ounce of horseradish. Take a wine- 
 glassful 4 times a day. This is one of the best blood purifiers known and 
 saves you the dollar you would otherwise pay the druggist for a patent medi- 
 cine as it can be made at home. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Both the yellow dock and the horseradish are alter- 
 atives. 
 
 3, Onions. — Raw onions eaten either with or without vinegar are the 
 best blood purifiers known. Then why pay a dollar a bottle for some patent 
 mcuicine that does not have half the virtue of the onions. 
 
 3. The Great German Blood Purifier. — Take a double handful each of 
 wild cherry bark and the roots of burdock, yellow dock and dandelion; put 
 these into 3 quarts of water and boil down to a quart; strain, and sweeten 
 with sugar if preferred. The dose is a tablespoonful before each meal. This 
 is excellent to cleanse the blood when one has either boils or carbuncles. An 
 equal quantity of nearly any good blood purifier would cost you two or three 
 dollars at the drug store. Take these common herbs and make them up 
 yourself and you will have a quart of the best blood medicine in the world 
 and at no cost whatever save the time spent in preparing it. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Burdock and yellow dock are alteratives; the 
 former acts more on the kidneys and bowels and the latter on the blood. 
 Wild cherry is more of a tonic and sedative. 
 
l^^j. THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 . 4. Sulphur, Molasses and Cream of Tartar. — Sulphur and molasses 
 Wlil?^^Kfe'icream of tartar added is a fine blood remedy. Take three days 
 and skip three days. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Cream of tartar is a diuretic and acts on the kid- 
 neys and it is also a laxative and aids in casting off the impurities. Sulphur 
 i^a^jaltpra^ive and a laxative and thus cleanses the blood. 
 
 ^j5.g^^^pjikenard.— Use small spikenard either in decoction or as a syrup. 
 ''^^^"I^^s^ *° ^ ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 o. 'Prickly Elder.— ^Use the tincture of the prickly elder 3 or 4 times 
 a day. Five drops is a dose. 
 
 7. Burdock. — Burdock is a good blood remedy. It may be used as a 
 decoction or a syrup. Take % pint three times a day. Burdock is better vi^hen 
 iijlj(jQpij^ii5i5i^(^ with other remedies. 
 
 8. Turkey Com for Syphilis and Scrofula. — Make a tea by using 4 
 drams of the powdered bulb of turkey corn to a pint of water. The dose is 
 it^^fiip^f,^ 4^QV£ices, 4 times a day. The dose of the tincture is from % to 1 
 d^^;© Xtl^%(good for syphilis and scrofula. 
 
 9. Combination for Syphilis and Scrofula. — For syphilis and scrofula 
 combine blue flag with mandrake, poke root, black cohosh and prickly ash 
 bark. The dose of the tincture is from 10 to 20 drops and of the powder from 
 Soto al.Olgsai&sp-& or 4 times a day. 
 
 10. Sheep Laurel for Syphilis. — Sheep laurel is one of the best remedies 
 for syphilis. The dose of the tincture of the leaves is from 5 to 10 dropg 
 every 2. to 4 hours. 
 
 ifJi^i^gHi^lDock. — Yellow dock is good for scrofula, syphilis, etc. It 
 ri?ay 8fe fiyy^8^iloMe or in combination. The dose of the decoction is from 1 
 t6'^4 Sflift!iiy,"Sl?tiifles a day. The dose of the fluid extract is 1 teaspoonful 4 
 times a, day. 
 
 ,^ijij£i3(r; QiQ<^^tRoot. — Queen's root or stillingia, either alone or in combi- 
 nation with other remedies, is good for blood diseases and syphilis. The 
 d?^R)fbttt^d%«:ottlon is from i/^ to 1 ounce 3 times a day. 
 -griijg.B yiaKw-rBock, Queen's Root and Bittersweet.— ^Equal parts of yel- 
 I^C{iQg|^r<|4jg|ft/yifoot and bittersweet, made into a syrup, is very good for 
 3tiif<>M4"§f^»i3^nd other blood diseases. 
 
 14. Syrup of Turkey Com. — (a) Take 2 pounds of coarsely bruised roots 
 crP%tfflc%3*(rfa«S,Bl3|)bund of twin leaf, 1 pound of blue flag root and % pound 
 of sheep laurel leaves. Mix these articles together, place all in a convenient 
 \%^lef,'i%d'\P^fthfedt'^ell with 76 per cent, alcohol and steep for three days. 
 THIie?rafIS$gr'i'A#{^hole to a displacement apparatus (filter, etc.) and grad- 
 ually add hot water until 2 pints and 4 fluid ounces of the alcohoHc tincture 
 ^Sve'^§eii')}timii§^br filtered and then set aside. 
 
 itjq (jyipiftteffifeifegBthe percolation of this second solution, reserve as much 
 a^3i2ait*iifePfi sigiMlfle amount of spirits and evaporate the alcohol from it. 
 8M'^c>'^^G6nrfi^e31fee displacement by adding hot water until the solution 
 cfblain6#%"iilifl?)s¥3ta'steless and boil down this weaker infusion until, when 
 ^M^ 1® W^ §«^itao§olution after the evaporation of its alcohol, 13i/o pints 
 Will B^I^ft?^.^m t'«fi ' 
 
 hho^^rlJXgit$i%gg_l^f6olutions combined add 18 pounds of granulated sugar 
 dissolved. by gentlfeSffeat, removing all scum carefully, and if it exceeds 15 
 mAs'fi^S'WW!^cSS^va.porate to that quantity with constant stirring. , Then 
 refM¥e ^iffen^'^K^^fiffe %nd when nearly cold add the solution first set aside, 
 
0^1 
 DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 139 
 
 thus making 18 pints of syrup. It may be flavored with essence of sassafras, 
 wintergreen, etc. This is very good as an alterative syrup and JSrgQOdidfir 
 chronic syphilis, scrofula, liver troubles and rheumatism. If you i^fiMh^m 
 may add 1 ounce of iodide of potash for each pint of the syrup, jl^f^jij^ 
 of the syrup is 1 teaspoonful, 3 or 4 times a day. [ 
 
 15. Compound Syrup of StiUingia or Queen's Root.— Take ^^fiponnds 
 each of queen's root and root of turkey corn; 1 pound each of blue flag r^, 
 elder flowers and pipsissewa leaves; and % pound each of corifiifAer,ja^ 
 prickly ash berries. Frequently 1 ounce of iodide of potash isr ad§ed to 
 each pint of syrup. I^ ■/„ ^ 
 
 (a) Grind and mix all the articles, place all in a vessel and qp¥e| wip 
 76 per cent, alcohol and macerate for 3 days. Then transfer to a displace- 
 ment apparatus and gradually add hot water until 4 pints of the solution have 
 been filtered, which retain and set aside. hoesQ 
 
 (b) Continue the filtering with hot water and of this secondvtcdtltito 
 reserve so much as contains a sensible amount of spirit and eva>^«Br^€fc the 
 aloohol. o bD?^i£ln;i 
 
 (c) Continue the filtering with hot water until the solution [gibftftBielJyi? 
 almost tasteless and boil down until when the second solution ier^ditd it 
 will make 24 pints. - .-Jaaw b to) 
 
 (d) To these 2 solutions combined add 33 pounds of granulated sugar 
 and dissolve by gentle heat. If it exceeds 28 pints evaporate to that amount 
 with constant stirring. Then remove from the fire and when nearlv cold 
 add the 4 pints (first solution) and make 4 gallons of syrup. Tfte'^Qose is 
 
 ~ " )d in chrdflKidf^sfe^ 
 
 from 1 to 8 teaspoonfuls, 3 or 4 times a day. This is good 
 such as syphilis, scrofula, liver and glandular diseases. Usuall;^i'"^S"'rodide 
 of potash is added as previously mentioned. These formulas ■^fl'^D^^ScirdB 
 into infusions or decoctions instead of syrups if desired. TheC'ift"f^"'%^ould 
 then be steeped in boiling water but in such cases do not add tfiii'&W(9ft61 kfiS 
 sugar. The dose then would be from 1 to 4 ounces. ^"''^ f ^^^ ' •^■'o^- 
 
 16. Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla.— This is good'J^'l&^iiic'li^e^ 
 trouble, rheumatism, syphilis, scrofula and skin diseases. wOyy^jredY-j^^^^S 
 add to it 1 ounce of iodide of potash to every pint. The^Jfe^lSf^f^m^l tea- 
 spoonful to 1 tablespoonful 3 or 4 times a day. Take wWn^&S&dipii^ life 
 roots of Honduras sarsaparilla, roots of yellow dock',« ^ytrf''t»'{''^urcibfcl43arta 
 roots of guaiacum wood and 8 ounces each of the ba?kl«f mt}r&&t MfkaSSaJ 
 fras, southern prickly ash, elder flowers and blue flae root. "-SK^Zotis l&upa 
 •(a) Grind, mix, place all in a convenient ve3Sfel3U«4lS^IWKW pe# cent, 
 alcohol and macerate for two days. Then put tSSsfirf a:tftii^pitetilg;rti^Aitsn^ 
 add hot water until 2 pints have been obtained l^lffth'Jftefe^nl^Sfidl'^S^? Simjfi^ 
 
 (b) Continue the filtering and of the se&mH •^m.lm'm^T^tt'As'mim 
 as contains a sensible amount of spirit and eT^tfpePaTQi'«h%UTte6H©l ^^IfftfBJ' ov/J 
 
 (c) Continue the filtering by adding htttTwatwnilftttM thesreotfltSbrii-.fy 
 almost tasteless and boil down this weakeffikmi4«!(ai*ta*{il''}{)|€giKH5i(f(!) ttiidki^ 
 or until when added to the balance remaMrf^ (bTi^i^dfe^ ^tfpfifen -ft will 
 make 12 pints '"" ' '^ eirlT .vlrBb sjIb:) briE -ighwoq 
 
 (d) To these 2 solutions combii^'i!idd-4€8p&flfidSBa(>%r^«I<etediisugai 
 and dissolve by heat, carefully remcJffespffie^SfJilffn.'Jf'E^afjwiaa if-TftfegfisfcfjG 
 to 10 pints, constantly stirring. Iiai?^ ?r?ffJi^^i«fiWnaha^heii)^lp 
 cold add the first portion and mm°1f fSlieflSaolAhe-asy&ef . ^^M nAy be 
 flavored with wintergreen. 
 
140 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE SPLEEN. 
 Diseases of the spleen do not generally exist independently but come 
 from other diseases. The spleen is swollen in typhoid fever, malaria, hard- 
 ened liver, etc. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Salt and Yolk of Egg. — For chronic inflammation of the spleen 
 apply over that organ a plaster made of salt and the yellow of an egg. 
 
 2. Table Salt. — For chronic inflammation of the spleen take I dram of 
 common table salt 3 times a day. 
 
 3. Wine and White Oak Bark. — For " ague cake," which is enla'-re- 
 ment of the spleen, boil the inner bark of white ash in some white wine and 
 take a wineglassful 3 times a day. 
 
 HODGKIN'S DISEASE. 
 
 Description. — In this disease there is a marked swelling and over-growth 
 of the lymphatic glands, both internal and external. 
 
 Symptoms; — ^There is shortness of breath and palpitation. There are 
 enlarged glands and a bronze skin. Enlarged masses of the glands in the 
 neck and the groin are associated with puffiness of the face. 
 
 Treatment. — Give 5 drops of Fowler's solution of arsenic 3 times daily 
 for a week. 
 
 GOITRE. 
 Bronchocele — Thyrocele. 
 
 The thyroid gland is on the. front part of the neck. All enlargements 
 of this gland are called goitres. 
 
 Treatment. — Apply compound tincture of iodine externally and internally 
 give iodide of potash, 5 grains 4 times a day. Also give blood purifiers. 
 
 Personally I prescribe the compound tincture of iodine both externally 
 and internally. Externally you must use enough to make the skin a little 
 sore. Take 1 drop internally 4 times a day. It must sometimes be continued 
 a long time both externally and internally. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Iodine and Sweet Oil. — A lady writes : " I removed a goitre by apply- 
 ing each night before retiring a mixture of two parts iodine and 1 part 
 sweet oil. When the skin became tender I ceased application for a night or 
 two then used as before. I know others who have used this remedy with 
 equal success." 
 
 2. Iodine, Carbolic Acid and Glycerine. — Put 4 ounces of the compound 
 tincture of iodine into a large mouthed bottle and add % dram of pure liquid 
 carbolic acid and % ounce of glycerine. Mix thoroughly and apply with a 
 feather or a cloth once or twice a day as can be borne. A lady writes that 
 two members of her family completely removed goitres with this remedy and 
 that they never returned. This is a standard treatment recommended and 
 used by many of our best physicians. 
 
 3. Nettle Seed. — Grind 15 or 16 of the seeds of common nettle into a 
 powder and take daily. This will cure a goitre and not injure the health. 
 
 4. Alum, Borax and Salt. — Take equal parts of alum, borax and salt 
 and water. Dissolve the other ingredients in the water and apply to the 
 enlarged neck 3 times a day for 3 weeks. 
 
 5. White Iodine. — As soon as noticed rub with white iodine. Don't 
 
DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 141 
 
 stop in a week or a month but wash your neck as often as you wish and put 
 it on. if the neck gets sore rest for a few days and then try again. 
 
 EXOPTHALMIC GOITRE. 
 Basedow's Disease — Grave's Disease— Parry's Disease. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is bulging of the eyeballs and palpitation of the 
 heart with a very rapid pulse. There are fine treniors of the hands, arms 
 and head and there is an enlarged neck. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment is not very satisfactory. Treat the symptoms 
 and make the patient comfortable. Give good nourishing food. Operation on 
 the goitre is often helpful. 
 
 MYXEDEMA. 
 
 Extraordinary nutritional changes take place in the body as the result 
 of the absence, atrophy (wasting), removal, or inactivity of the thyroid gland. 
 Peculiar swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, falling of the hair, mental fail- 
 ure and feebleness of the circulation characterize it. 
 
 Treatment. — Give 3-grain capsules of the dried thyroid gland of the sheep. 
 Give these 3 or 3 times daily and gradually increase until 10 or 15 grains are 
 taken daily, if possible. If the extract of the thyroid gland is used, the 
 ddse is % grain 3 times daily at first. Watch for weakness of the heart. 
 Continue this for some time, but under the care of a good physician, and it 
 may help. 
 
 CRETINISM. 
 
 The causes are nearly the same as those of myxedema. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms rarely develop before the end of the second 
 year. It may be noticeable when the child is 13 months old. The child is 
 backward and mentally dull. The head, hands and feet may seem unduly 
 large in proportion to the rest of the body. The face is stupid and heavy, the 
 eyes dull, the lips coarse and the nose broad and flat. The lips are likely 
 to protrude with considerable dribbling of saliva. The tongue is swollen, 
 the legs are short and bent, the skin is sallow and greasy and the temperature 
 is below normal. 
 
 Treatment: — Administer thyroid extract. Begin with %, grain 3 times 
 a day and gradually increase. It must be carefully given and great change 
 and good will result. This thyroid extract is from the thyroid gland of the 
 sheep. 
 
 ADDISON'S DISEASE. 
 Disease of Supra-Renal Glands. 
 Symptoms. — There is general asthenia (weakness), the patient easily 
 tires and there is a constant sense of fatigue. The patient does not get any 
 good from rest and sleep. The heart sounds are lacking in tone, the pulse 
 is soft, the extremities cold and the temperature below normal. There is a 
 dark color or pigmentation of the skin. The skin is of a bronze color. It 
 may be over the whole body but usually affects only the skin of the face and 
 neck and the back surfaces of the hands and forearms. If the mucous mem- 
 brane of the mouth is examined you will find the inner side of the lips are 
 darkened and also the edges of the tongue, particularly below. It looks as 
 though ink had been taken into the mouth. 
 
142 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 U! 
 
 Treatment. — This is very unsatisfactory. Treatment simply relieves it. 
 Gayebgood diet and strengthening remedies like iron and arsenic tonics. 
 
 SCURVY. 
 
 Scorbutus. 
 Causes. — This is due to the too long continued use of the same kind of 
 £l?gdi;^cj unwholesome food. Sailors on long voyages are likely to get it. 
 amii^yaiPPtoms. — The gums are swollen and spongy, the teeth become 
 loosened, the mouth becomes foul and there is swelling of the salivary 
 
 no noHS^tment. — Give good and varied food with plenty of oranges or lemons 
 and green vegetables. Stay in the sunshine and fresh air. Arsenic and iron 
 are given as medicines. Lime juice and pepsin are good for the indigestion. 
 For the mouth use chlorate of potash and myrrh as given in treating stoma- 
 
 H^Qf IbE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 -I'lvA Qtih Lemon Juice, Etc. — An old sailor says .that sweetened lemon juice 
 
 taken freely will cure the worst case of scurvy. Lemon syrup and syrup of 
 
 C^TJffaflsid are also good. Take freely of a decoction made from sarsaparilla 
 
 and safegafras with lemon juice added. To 3 quarts of water add 2 ounces each 
 
 ©flfiejfisdaisies and dandelion roots. Boil to a quart and take a teacupful every 
 
 nil^tiand morning. 
 
 li brig., Sage Tea and Alum. — For the gums apply strong sage tea with a 
 
 little alum in it. 
 
DIGESTIVE ORGANS, 
 a, Esophagus or Gullet; b, Cardiac end of Stomach; c, Pyloric end of Stomach; 
 d. Duodenum; ef, Convolutions of Small Intestines; g, C;ccum; g'. Appendix; h, 
 Ascending" Colon; i. Transverse Colon; k, Descending Colon; 1, Sigmoid Flexure; m, 
 Kccluni; n, Anus; o o, Lobes of Liver, raised and turned back; p, Hepatic Duct; q, 
 Cystic Duct; r, Gall Bladder; s, Common Bile Duct; t, Pancreas; u. Pancreatic Duct, 
 entering the duodenum with the common bile duct. 
 
 (Illustration made especially for this book.) 
 
.e>Iahb 
 ! alqrnte 
 IIA 
 
 DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND'?;™° 
 INTESTINES. ^^,„ 
 
 Including All Abdominal Diseases. -"^ . 
 
 Ji5iuJnJ' 
 
 noi.t£m 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH. ,moH ' 
 
 Acute Gastritis — Acute Gastric Catarrh. JM 
 
 1 E 3 A* 
 
 Causes. — Cold and the eating of too many sweets are the causes i^ chil- 
 dren. In older persons the cause is too much indigestible food or ovefjMQi&f 
 the stomach. Drinking ice water or other cold drinks when perspiring, is 
 another cause and it may be produced by poisons. , sg^v 
 
 Symptoms. — There is discomfort in the stomach and the fever is bexwi^^ 
 100 and 103 degrees. The bowels may be constipated or they may be a^iule 
 loose. A thin white fur dotted by many tiny red spots covers the J:oi{gue. 
 There is some pain and tenderness upon pressure around the stomach, ^Sick- 
 ness at the stomach and vomiting may occur. ' j ' 
 TREATMENT.— "' . , 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Give % grain of calomel every % houp|or^8 
 doses and follow in 5 hours with a seidlitz powder. After this give slgriins 
 each of subnitrate of bismuth and oxalate of cerium. Give this every jjdur 
 for 5 or 6 doses. For a child give 2 grains of the bismuth and 1 grairr di ffie 
 oxalate of cerium. . ^^ . 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment.— At the first when there is fever givej?^ 
 second dilution of Aconite. Put 10 or 15 drops into half a glass of wa^efjj^d 
 take 2 teaspoonfuls every hour to 3 hours. For the indigestion take th^thjrd 
 trituration of Nux Vomica. Take 1 tablet every hour. If there isVjmm^li 
 vomiting and thirst give the third trituration of Arsenicum. Take l-^.ffib%t 
 every hour or two. When the tongue is coated, thick, yellow and sf^f^^^ 
 you can give Mercurius Vivus, third trituration. Give one tablet ^^j^ 
 three hours. This n-ay be alternated with the Arsenicum. ,g 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — In acute gastritis the feeding is of importai^^j i,It 
 is best to go as long as possible without eating a thing. The stomach..}^ ^U^p 
 sore to digest food. Soups and broths which are thin and not too ric|ijj^t^ 
 diluted with milk are good. Plenty of hot water is generally good, al^^,|^|d 
 a mustard plaster over the region of the stomach helps. 7 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— See Indigestion, Dyspepsia, and.^fpgj- 
 ach and Bowel Difficulties. rntlw 
 
 INDIGESTION AND DYSPEPSIA. ^^ sH 
 
 Chronic Gastritis — Chronic Catarrh of the Stomach. '//oirD 
 
 Symptoms. — ^There is loss of appetite, an impaired sense of taste, rialiaca 
 and perhaps vomiting in the morning. The food may be vomited up oraftbe 
 vomited material may be partly digested. There is belching of gas an'dtfehe 
 tongue is coated. The- bowels are usually constipated and the digestionljs 
 slow and impaired. 
 
 143 
 
144 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. ' 
 
 TREATMENT.— Attention must be paid to the <liet both as to food and 
 drinks. Washing out the stomach is good. For the loss of appetite various 
 simple bitters may be given. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Cinchona, quassia and cardamon may be given. 
 Once or twice a day with the meals you may give y^ dram of compound tinc- 
 ture of cardamon. 
 
 Five drops of dilute hydrochloric acid combined with essence of pepsin 
 may be given with each meal. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Third trituration of Nux Vomica, the third 
 trituration of Pulsatilla, the third trituration of Carbo. Veg., the twelfth trit- 
 uration of Lycopodium and the second dilution of Bryonia. (For doses see 
 " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing Department.) 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Eat often but small meals of easily digested foods. 
 As a rule grease of every kind must be forbidden. Eat no fried foods. Eat 
 slowly, chew the food well and do not eat too much. If there are water 
 brashes and much gas, then starchy foods such as potatoes and the coarser 
 vegetables should not be eaten. Hot bread, cakes, pancakes and pies are not 
 good. Keep away from the soda fountain and do not eat sweets. Sweet 
 milk and buttermilk are both good and so are broths and gruels if not too 
 rich. Relieve the constipation. Taka-diastase relieves troubles arising from 
 the eating of too much starchy food* Take a teaspoonful of the elixir of taka- 
 diastase after each meal. 
 
 In indigestion what you eat is of prime importance. You cannot get rid 
 of indigestion if you keep putting into the stomach the food or the drink that 
 causes it. Whatever food disagrees with you, stop eating. Pies are generally 
 harmful as well as most cakes. Milk disagrees with some people. Skimmed 
 milk iand buttermilk are good for some. Eggs should be either soft boiled 
 or cooked for an hour with the shells on. If an egg is boiled for an hour it 
 becomes tender and mealy. Meats are hard to digest. Potatoes are more 
 healthful when baked or boiled but some cannot eat potatoes on account of 
 their containing so much starch which forms gas on the stomach. Eat as little 
 as possible and it will not hurt you to occasionally fast for a day.' The bowels 
 must move freely at least once a day. Many cases of indigestion are helped 
 by free movements of the bowels. Remember, also, that it sometimes takes 
 months to cure indigestion and it may return without much provocation. It 
 is best to be careful of the diet for some time after you are cured. 
 
 Some good herb remedies for the stomach may be had by making teas 
 of the following herbs. Put from 2 to 4 ounces of the herb into a pint of 
 water and steep and then take 2 or 3 ounces of the tea 3 or 4 times a day. 
 You can use golden seal, sweet flag, gentian, columbo, comfrey, poplar bark, 
 balmony, bitter root, prickly ash bark, wild cherry bark or ginger root. 
 
 I was doctoring a rich jolly farmer for dyspepsia. He told me : " As 
 long as the medicine lasts I feel good but the stomach trouble comes back 
 when I stop the medicine." I asked him, " You are careful what you eat?" 
 He replied, " Oh, yes, I am very careful." I was then very busy and did not 
 inquire particularly as . to what he ate but took his word as to his being 
 careful. One day in the spring he came in for more medicine. We sat down 
 and had a talk. I said, "You are still careful about what you eat?" "Oh 
 yes," he replied, " I am careful about that." " Well tell me just what you 
 eat," I said. He hesitated a moment and then said, " Why I guess I eat 
 about everything that is put on the table." I found that he ate sausage and 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 145 
 
 sausage gravy, pancakes, pork and gravy, fried potatoes, fried eggs, cakes 
 and mince pies as well as drinking two or three cups of coffee at a meal. 
 We had a good laugh, for this was certa,inly " being careful." How can 
 anyone who eats such rich foods be cured of dyspepsia! These foods were 
 just the cause of his stomach trouble and to cure a disease you must first 
 remove the cause. It is the doctor's duty to tell people what to do and what 
 not to do if they would prevent or cure disease. It is the patient's duty to 
 follow instructions and all the medicine in the world won't keep us well if we 
 are continually disobeying the laws of nature. ^ 
 
 I remember, when I was still a boy at home on the old farm, a man who 
 helped us butcher. I remember him particularly on account of the quanti- 
 ties of food which he ate. He was especially fond of sausage and would eat 
 a piece of fresh sausage at least eighteen inches long at one meal and other 
 food in about this proportion. In a few years he had a genuine case of 
 dyspepsia and wondered how it was possible for him to have stomach 
 trouble. I, myself, in those days, frequently went to bed after eating heartily 
 of rich ijiince pie. Of course dyspepsia followed. I then knew no better but 
 experience is an effective teacher. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 (Also see Stomach and Bowel Difficulties.) 
 
 1. Hard Boiled Eggs. — Dyspepsia may be completely cured by living 
 for several weeks upon nothing but hard boiled eggs. The eggs should be 
 boiled not less than 30 minutes and an hour is better. If boiled this long they 
 are not tough but are soft and mealy. At first the patient should 'eat the 
 whites only and later the yolks may also be eaten. Eat absolutely nothing 
 ^. Milk and Lime Water. — Milk and lime water is a very effective 
 remedy used by physicians. Put a few lumps of unslacked lime into a pint 
 can and add water until it looks like thin cream. Let the lime settle^ and 
 use the clear water at the top, being careful not to use any of the settlings. 
 Six or eight teaspoonfuls of lime water may be added to a glass of milk. 
 
 3. Soda and Ginger.-^Mix some soda and ginger in the proportion of 1 
 teaspoonful of soda to % teaspoonful of ginger. Keep this in a tight box 
 and take % teaspoonful in a little water before eating if digestion is bad. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Soda is good for the gas and relieves the distress 
 while the ginger is stimulating. 
 
 4. Chicken Gizzard Skin. — Remove the inner lining of the gizzard; 
 thoroughly clean and dry; then pulverize and mix with granulated sugar in 
 the proportion of 1 teaspoonful of gizzard skin to l^ cup of sugar. Dose — % 
 teaspoonful after meals or when needed. " This remedy was recommended 
 to me about 10 years ago and I was so well satisfied with it that I always 
 keep it in the house and whenever one of the family notices the first symp- 
 toms of indigestion he takes a dose or two as needed." 
 
 Remark.— This remedv comes from the family of one of the professors 
 at Albion, Mich. The pepsin is the curative agent in the chicken gizzard. 
 
 5. Hot Water.— A lady writes that after suffering for years she was 
 cured of indigestion by leaving off all other treatments and drinkmg a cup- 
 ful of hot water immediately before retiring at night and upon nsmg in the 
 morning. 
 
 10 
 
146 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The water aids in the cure of dyspepsia by wash- 
 ing out the stomach. 
 
 6. Pepsin. — Take pepsin and leave off coffee, tea, tobacco and whiskey, 
 
 7. Rhubarb, Baking Soda, Etc. — Take powdered turkey rhubarb, 2 
 drams; baking soda, 48 grains; simple syrup, 1 ounce; and_ mint water, % 
 pint. The ^ose is a tablespoonful three times a day before meals. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The soda is good for the gas on the stomach and 
 the rhubarb is laxative. 
 
 GASTRIC ULCER. 
 
 in the milder form this may exist for years without its presence being 
 suspected. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is discomfort and pain after eating with constant 
 gnawing when the stomach is empty. It is sometimes relieved by food and 
 afterward the pain may increase. The pain radiates ^ack to the shoulder 
 blade and the spine. The stomach is sometimes very sore. Constipation is 
 usually marked and the urine scanty. In bad cases there is hemorrhage or 
 bleeding from the stomkch. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Restrict the diet. Milk which has been predigested 
 with peptonizing powder is good. The diet must be watched carefully for a 
 long time. ^ 
 
 When there is too much acidity mix an ounce each of baking soda, 
 magnesia ponderosae and calcii carbonatii and 10 drops of ol. menth piperita. 
 Take a large teaspoonful in half a glass of water when needed. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Third trituration of Arsenicum, third tritura^ 
 tion of Kali. Bich. and Nitrate of Silver. 
 
 CANCER OF THE STOMACH. 
 
 This is one of the rnost common forms of malignant growth. It is most 
 often sitiiated at the lower (pyloric) end of the stomach. 
 
 Symptoms. — Pallor is well marked and there is loss 6f weight and strength. 
 Stomach distress, dyspepsia, sickness at the stomach, vomiting, gnawing pain, 
 and a pallid hue, when the patient is over 40 years of age, are symptoms. 
 Other symptoms such as a lump in the stomach and tenderness, soreness, 
 and pain should make one suspicious of a cancer in the stomach. Vomiting 
 of blood looking like coffee grounds is another symptom. When a test meal 
 is given and the contents of the stomach analyzed there is found to be almost 
 or a total absence of hydrochloric acid and there is an abnormal amount of 
 lactic acid. The duration is variable, sometimes lasting for months and 
 longer. 
 
 Treatment. — Relieve the pain. If an operation is performed it should be 
 done early. Operations sometimes prolong life comfortably for years. 
 
 NEURALGIA OF THE STOMACH. 
 Gastralgia. 
 Symptoms. — The paroxysm of pain is very violent and is felt not only in 
 the region of the stomach but also along the edges of the ribs. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — It can be relieved with 1 dram of spirits of 
 chloroform mixed with 1 dram of compound spirits of lavender. From ^ 
 to 1 grain of menthol is also good. 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. Wi 
 
 % 
 Homeopathic Treatment — Take the third trituration of Atropine. Take 
 2 tablets every 15 minutes for 3 doses. If the pairt is caused by gas give the 
 third trituration of Carbo. Veg. The twelfth trituration of Lycopodium is 
 also good. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Fomentations of Tansy, Boneset and Hops — Mustard Poultice — Es- 
 sence of Ginger. — Empty the bowels with an injection of warm water. Place 
 warm fomentations of tansy, boneset and hops over the stomach and follow 
 with a mustard poultice. Give essence of ginger internally. 
 
 2. Rhubarb and Baking Soda. — Take 4 ounces of tincture of rhubarb 
 and 2 drams of common baking soda; mix, and give from 2 teaspoonfuls to 
 a tablespoonful as often as necessary. This mixture is improved by adding a 
 few drops of tincture of cayenne. 
 
 3. Brandy, Peppermint and Ginger. — If caused by gas give hot brandy or 
 strong peppermint or ginger water. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM STOMACH. 
 Hemorrhage. 
 
 (See " Accidents and Emergencies.") Salt is good. 
 
 VOMITING. 
 Nausea — Sickness at Stomach. 
 
 This is only a symptom of disease. , 
 
 Causes. — Vomiting is due to a variety of causes. It may be caused by 
 improper food. If it is not caused by some acute disease it may be due to 
 dyspepsia, torpid liver or constipation. Pregnancy .s also a cause. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Make some pills of oxalate of cerium, and give 
 one of these every 4 or 5 hours. This is good for vomiting during pregnancy. 
 Arsenic is good to check vomiting when it is given in very small doses. 
 One-tenth of a drop of ipecac is very good when there is much nausea or 
 sickness of the stomach with the vomiting. Or, you can use the wine of 
 ipecac in 1-drop doses every 15 minutes until relieved. In measuring the ipecac 
 to get 1/10 of a drop you can put one drop into ten teaspoonfuls of water and 
 then give one teaspoonful of the liquid and thus you get just 1/10 of a drop 
 at a dose. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — When there is a burning, watery vomiting give 
 the third trituration of Arsenicum. Give 1 tablet every 15 minutes or half 
 hour until the vomiting is checked. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Peppermint, Ginger, Etc. — A tea made of peppermint, spearmmt or 
 ginger will generally relieve vomiting. Brandy or tincture of ginger are 
 other remedies that are much used. 
 
 2. Mustard or Spice Poultice.— A mustard or a spice poultice applied 
 to the stomach is an excellent remedy for this trouble. , 
 
 3. Turpentine and Cayenne.— Moisten flannels with oil of turpentine 
 and apply to the stomach ; or, a decoction made by adding cayenne pepper to 
 spirits will do in place of the turpentine. 
 
 4. Creosote. — Creosote may be given in one-drop doses to relieve 
 
 vomiting. ... 
 
 Physician's Remark.— Wood soot taken from the chimney contains creo- 
 
148 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 f 
 
 sote so you can make a tea by pouring boiling water on a little wood soot 
 and let the patient drink of it freely. This will be found to be a good remedy. 
 
 5. Ginger and Cloves. — Make a strong tea of cloves or of ginger and 
 cloves and give the patient a little every 5 or 10 minutes. 
 
 6. Parched Corn. — One of the very best remedies for nausea or vomit- 
 ing is a tea made of parched corn. 
 
 7. Oatmeal. — Make some oatmeal into a cake with water and brown 
 it like coffee. Make a tea of this and when drank it will check vomiting. 
 
 8. Milk and Egg. — To a pint each of fresh milk and water, which are 
 sweetened to taste, add an egg which has been beaten for 20 minutes. Boil 
 and drink of this when it is cold. Do not use it should it happen to curdle. 
 
 9. Baking Soda. — " An excellent remedy for sickness at the stomach," 
 writes an Illinois woman, " is to drink half a teaspoonful of baking soda 
 dissolved in half a glassful of hot water." 
 
 10. Chickweed. — Steep some chickweed and drink of it to stop vomiting. 
 
 11. Lemon Juice and Salt. — Give the juice of a lemon and a little salt in 
 hot water. One teaspoonful is a dose. 
 
 12. Corn. — Shell some yellow field corn and brown it in a frying pan 
 over the coajs until it is nearly black, then pour on hot water and, after 
 standing awhile, give the water in small quantities. 
 
 Remarks. — This is nearly the same as number six above but it is so good 
 that it will bear repeating. 
 
 13. Peach Leaves. — Put a handful of peach leaves into a quart of cold 
 water and let it stand for 24 hours, then pour off the water and take a tea- 
 spoonful of this peach water about 4 times a day to prevent vomiting. 
 
 14. Fresh Air, Etc. — A lady living at Grant, Ontario says : " Go out of 
 doors and get fresh air. If this fails to help, wash the hands up to the elbows 
 and the face in ice cold water. I saved one of my children that way when 
 doctors could not help her. She was then two years old." 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SEASICKNESS. 
 
 1. Chloroform and Bromide of Sodium. — Take 10 or 12 drops of chloro- 
 form and three times a day take 10 grains of bromide of sodium. 
 
 2. Diet, Etc. — A person affected with seasickness should lie down in the 
 open air if possible. Raw salt oysters are generally easily digested and lemons 
 are generally relished by the patient. The wearing of a tight girdle to com- 
 press the stomach is advised by sailors. 
 
 DIARRHEA AND SUMMER COMPLAINTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — These are too well known to need description. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment depends upon the cause. If the diarrhea is 
 due to bad food give from ^/^ to 1 ounce of castor oil and with it a dessert 
 spoonful of paregoric to prevent griping. This is for an adult. Or, give some 
 spiced syrup of rhubarb. Give no foods until the diarrhea is checked and then 
 give predigested milk, arrowroot and broths. 
 
 In diarrhea or dysentery in either children or adults I first give either 
 castor oil or aromatic or spiced syrup of rhubarb. This is how I first came 
 to use the spiced syrup of rhubarb. Over twenty years ago I was attending 
 a bright young man who had a severe attack of dysentery that he had taken 
 while going from Detroit to Chicago on the boat. He was in a serious con- 
 dition. I could check the dysentery but in a few hours it would return in 
 full force. His mother suggested the rhubarb to me. I consented to its use 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 149 
 
 and then watched the result. The patient passed a great amount of a thick 
 liver-colored, jelly-like mass and improvement followed. In a few days I 
 advised another dose. Again he passed the same kind of material and he 
 was soon well. In diarrhea and dysentery the bowels often havte irritating 
 material in them that must be removed before an attempt is made to check 
 the trouble. Either castor oil or rhubarb will remove this material and a 
 cure is begun. Serious results sometimes follow the too sudden checking of 
 these bowel troubles. It is generally a good thing to first move the bowels. 
 Do you not remember how mother used to give us castor oil and laudanum or 
 rhubarb alone? We doctors own much to the mothers of the land for the 
 practical home remedies we have secured from them. Though in many cases 
 the services of the physician are absolutely necessary yet, on the other hand, 
 the practical physician will not fail to adopt any good home remedy no matter 
 from what source it may come. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Hot Milk. — Drink freely of hot milk. The milk should not be boiled 
 but should be heated as hot as it can be drank. 
 
 2. Onion Poultices and Turpentine. — Apply an onion poultice to the 
 bowels or s, cloth wrung out of turpentine. 
 
 3. White Oak Bark, Blackberry Root, Etc.— Take a handful each of 
 white oak bark and blackberry root and % ounce each of allspice, cloves and 
 cinnamon. Make a decoction, sweeten with rock candy or loaf sugar and 
 give a tablespoonful 3 times a day. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — These are all astringents and thus check the 
 diarrhea. 
 
 4. Oatmeal Tea, Etc. — Mix some oatmeal with water, bake or brown 
 it and then powder it and make a tea. If there is vomiting or sickness at the 
 stomach apply a mustard plaster to the stomach. If there is griping the 
 following injection should be given. Mix % pint of molasses, 1 giU of castor 
 oil, 20 drops of laudanum and i/^ pint of warm water. This is for an adult. 
 
 5. Rice. — Take half a pound of rice and pound it till iine. ,Boil it and 
 eat slowly. This is good as a food in some kinds of diarrhea. 
 
 6. Bacon and Onions. — Slice some smoked fat bacon and fry it until 
 you have half a pint of grease. While it is frying slice several large onions 
 into the grease and when it is done pour off the mixture. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful once a day. This remedy has cured many of tjje very worst cases of 
 chronic diarrhea and should be tried. ^ 
 
 7. Rhubarb. — Burn some pulverized rhubarb to black ashes in an iron 
 dish, then powder it and give half a teaspoonful three times a day in a 
 little water. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Rhubarb will discharge all irritating material and 
 burning it makes it somewhat antiseptic. 
 
 8. Gum Arabic. — Eating gum arable has cured many cases of chronic 
 diarrhea. Drinking freely of the mucilage of gum arable is also good. 
 
 9. Logwood. — An excellent remedy for tuberculous diarrhea is a decoc- 
 tion of logwood. The dose is half a teacupful 2 or 3 times a day. 
 
 10. Milk and Lime Water, Brandy, Etc.— In treating chronic diarrhea 
 take little nourishment except milk and lime water and give a teaspoonful of 
 brandy in a little sweetened water several times a day. 
 
 11. Blackberry Cordial. — From a teaspoonful to a wineglassful of blacks 
 berry cordial at a dose is excellent for diarrhea. The following is a good 
 
150 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 recipe for the cordial. To 2 quarts of blackberry juice and a pound of white 
 sugar add half an ounce each of nutmeg, pulverized cinnamon and pulverized 
 cloves. Boil together a short time and when cold add 1 pint of brandy. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is slightly astringent. Before using the cor- 
 dial the bowels should first be made to move freely with castor oil. 
 
 13. Corn Meal or Parched Corn. — Brown some corn meal on the stove, 
 then boil it in water like coffee and let the patient drink a teacupful 3 or 3 
 times a day. Parched corn ground and a tea made in the same way will do 
 as well. This is one of the finest things that can be used for summer com- 
 plaints. ' 
 
 13. Baking Soda. — A strong solution of common baking soda is an ex- 
 cellent remedy for diarrhea. 
 
 14. Mutton Tallow. — Melted sheep's tallow is fine for this trouble. Give 
 2 tablespoonfuls every 2 hours. 
 
 15. Raspberry and Dewberry Roots. — Diarrhea and summer complaints 
 may often be checked by drinking tea made of raspberry or dewberry leaves 
 or roots. 
 
 16. Opium, Ginger, Peppermint, Etc. — Take a 4-ounce vial and put into 
 it 2 drams of denarc®tized opium tincture (laudanum will do), 1 ounce of 
 tincture of ginger and % ounce of oil of peppermint and then fill the vial up 
 with simple syrup. For adults the dose is 1 teaspoonful 3 times a day. This 
 is great. 
 
 1'?. Rhubarbj Camphor, Peppermint, Etc. — Take equal parts of tint- 
 ture of opium, tincture of rhubarb, capsicum, spirits of camphor and essence 
 of peppermint and add a little chloroform. Take from 15 to 20 drops at a dose. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This recipe comes from Cameron, Texas. The 
 lady sending it says, " We have used it with the best success. The facts are 
 it can't be beat." This is for adults only as it is dangerous to give opium 
 to children even in small quantities. 
 
 18. Flour and Camphor. — Stir together 1 tablespoonful of flour and I/2 
 teaspoonful of camphor diluted with water. The dose is 1 tablespoonful 3 
 times a day and oftener if necessary. 
 
 Remarks. — A lady living in Centerburg, Ohio, says she has used this 
 for 25 years and that it is a never failing remedy. 
 
 19 Blackberry Root Syrup.— Take 1/2 pound of the small roots of the 
 blackberry, % ounce each of allspice, cinnamon and cloves, % pound of white 
 sugar, % pint of rye whiskey and 2 quarts of water. Boil the other ingredients 
 down to a pint and add the spirits when cold. Dose — 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls 
 according to age every 2 hours. 
 
 Remarks. — " This is an old and tried remedy for summer complaints," 
 writes one mother. 
 
 20. " Sun Cholera Cure."— The celebrated " Sun Cholera Cure " consists 
 of equal parts of tincture of opium, tincture of capsicum (red pepper), rhubarb, 
 camphor and peppermint. Take from 15 to 20 drops in 4 tablespoonfuls of 
 water every half hour until relieved. After the patient is relieved it should 
 be used twice only every 24 hours. This is for adults. 
 
 COLIC. 
 
 (Also see Baby Department.) 
 For Children. — Give % grain of asafetida. Or, you can make a decoc- 
 tion of chamomile by putting 1 or 2 ounces of the plant into a pint of water 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 151 
 
 and boiling it down. Give in % teaspoonful doses. Peppermint water or 
 peppermint oil are also good. The dose of peppermint water is from % to 
 1 teaspoonful and the dose of the peppermint oil is 1 drop. 
 
 For Adults. — Give 1 drop of tincture of colocynth in a little water every 
 half hour until relieved. This is especially good where the patient is bent 
 double with the colic. 
 
 Some years ago, at three o'clock on a Sunday morning, I was called 
 eight miles into the country to see a bad case of peritop'tis, so-called. The 
 patient had been sick almost a week and two doctors thought the nine year 
 old boy could not live. I took the case and after two weeks of hard work by 
 all concerned the boy got well. Two weeks, to a day, after I had dismissed 
 the case as cured, the father awoke me at midnight and told me the boy was 
 again sick. I was worried for I was afraid it was another attack of periton- 
 itis. I reached the home in about an hour and found him suffering with terri- 
 ble pains at intervals of a few minutes but between the intervals he was free 
 from pain and seemingly well. He had no fever and from the symptoms I 
 decided he was suffering with neuralgia or colic in the stomach and bowels 
 and, notwithstanding they told me that the boy had eaten nothing to bring 
 on this attack, I gave him some quieting medicine and advised a large dose 
 of castor oil and then went home disgusted at their carelessness in feeding, 
 for I felt sure this was the cause of the trouble. When I returned next 
 day they showed me the proceeds of the castor oil — a ball as big as a walnut. 
 In the center of this ball was a raisin and around it was bread, thus forming 
 a hard mass that caused the colic. Then the family remembered that the 
 boy had eaten " mince pie " the previous day and that was the cause of this 
 case of " Raisin and Bread Colic." 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Mustard or Salt. — For flatulent or common wind colic give, as an 
 emetic, either a teaspoonful of mustard or salt to a teacupful of water. This 
 may be repeated in 10 or 13 minutes if necessary. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — ^This is for colic caused by food in the stomach. 
 3. Ginger. — Hot water and ginger are especially good for common or 
 wind colic. 
 
 3. Peppermint or Spearmint. — Give a little essence of peppermint or 
 spearmint in hot water for colic. This is particularly good where the patient 
 is sick at the stomach. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — In its action either of these is an anodyne, anaes- 
 thetic and antiseptic. 
 
 4. Mustard Plaster, Salt and Molasses, Castor Oil, Etc. — Put a mustard 
 plaster over the pain and if the bowels are constipated give an injection of 
 salt and molasses, castor oil, or soap and warm water. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The injection removes the cause by taking the irri- 
 tating matter from the bowels. The mustard causes counter-irritation. 
 
 5. Herb Tea. — For bilious colic give at one injection a strong decoction 
 made of the following herbs. Take 1 ounce of senna, 1 ounce of thoroughwort, 
 10 grains of cayenne, % dram of lobelia and 1 pint of boiling water. To this 
 decoction should biC added % pint of molasses and a teaspoonful of epsom 
 salts. 
 
 6. Turpentine, Etc. — Another remedy for bilious colic i$ to give an in- 
 jection of 1 ounce each of spirits of turpentine, wine of ipecac and castor oil 
 and Yz pint each of molasses and warm water. 
 
152 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This moves the bowels and the turpentine rids 
 them of the gas. 
 
 7. Vinegar. — Vinegar weakened with water and taken as a drink is 
 a good remedy for many cases of colic. 
 
 8. Essence of Ginger. — Essence of Jamaica ginger is excellent for pains 
 in the stomach and is a fine tonic for indigestion. It gently stimulates the 
 stomach and warms the whole system. The dose for an adult is a teaspoon- 
 ful in a wineglassful of sweetened water. For a child under 13 years give 
 half a teaspoonful. It may also be used externally. 
 
 9. Mustard Poultice, Castor Oil, Peppermint and Ginger. — For wind 
 colic bathe the feet and legs in hot water and apply hot salt or mustard poul- 
 tices over the stomach and bowels. Open the bowels with castor oil and 
 drink freely of peppermint or ginger tea. 
 
 10. Laudanum, Camphor and Peppermint. — For severe cases of flatulent 
 or wind colic in adults give in teaspoonful doses a mixture of equal parts of 
 laudanum, tincture of camphor and essence of peppermint. Give every three 
 hours for four doses if necessary, 
 
 11. Hot Fomentations. — Apply warm fomentations of boneset, worm- 
 wood, stramonium leaves or hops over the stomach and bowels for colic. 
 
 13. Peppermint, Sugar, Etc. — Either peppermint or spearmint tea with 
 a, little saleratus and sugar added will generally give relief. 
 
 13. Salt and Water. — A mother writes that injections of salt and water 
 will almost always give instant relief from colic. ' 
 
 14. Paregoric. — For wind colic give a few drops of paregoric in one- 
 third of a teaspoonful of warm water. This is the dose for a child. 
 
 15. Rhubarb, Anise, Etc. — Take % ounce of tincture of rhubarb, % ounce 
 of anise, ^ ounce of laudanum, %, ounce of magnesia, 1 quart of boiling water 
 and 1 cupful of granulated sugar. Put the sugar in the boiling water, let it 
 get cold and then add the other. ingredients. Keep covered tightly and in a 
 cool place. The dose is % teaspoonful every half hour and this dose may 
 be increased as the child grows older. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — I never like to give laudanum to a child for it 
 is sometimes dangerous to children even in small quantities. It may be 
 taken in proper doses by grown people but for children I would prefer some 
 other remedy. 
 
 16. Oil of Peppermint. — Give two drops of oil of peppermint in a cup 
 of hot water without sugar. 
 
 17. Glycerine. — Give Yz teaspoonful of glycerine. This is very good., 
 
 18. Baking Soda. — For wind colic caused by gas in the stomach give 
 half a teaspoonful of baking soda in half a glass of water. 
 
 19. Warm Water. — Give babies plenty of warm water that has been 
 boiled and always use a bottle with a nipple. 
 
 30. Caraway Seed. — Put 1 teaspoonful of caraway seeds into half a cup 
 of hot water and give a teaspoonful every half hour. There is nothing better. 
 A lady writes from Chicago saying, " I am a mother of six children and have 
 always found this an excellent remedy for colic." 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Caraway contains a volatile oil which is gooa as 
 a cure for colic. Here is a combination you will find excellent Icr flatulence 
 or colic. To 3 ounces of caraway tea add 1 ounce of peppermint water, 1 
 dram of baking soda and 3 ounces of syrup of rhubarb. The dose is from 1 
 to 3 teaspoonfuls every 3 or 4 hours. Each of these ingredients is good when 
 used alone and all of them together form an excellent combination for colic. 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 153 
 
 31. Castor Oil and Paregoric. — Half a teaspoonful each of castor oil and 
 paregoric, mixed, will be found good. This is for an adult. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Castor oil rids the bowels of irritating material 
 and paregoric relieves the pain. 
 
 22. Ginger Tea, Etc. — Put hot flannel cloths on the stomach and a bottle 
 of hot water to the feet and give either ginger or anise tea. 
 
 23. Peppermint and Castor Oil. — If there is constipation with the colic 
 give an injection of an ounce of warm peppermint tea with a teaspoonful of 
 castor oil in it. Spearmint tea will do in place of peppermint. 
 
 24. Salt Water. — Put a teaspoonful of salt into a pint of water and have 
 the patient drink it and then go to bed. This is a very quick and effective 
 remedy. 
 
 25. Bread. — Break a hot loaf of bread in two pieces and place the halves 
 opposite each other ; one upon the bowels and one upon the back. " This 
 treatment will relieve any kind of colic," writes a mother from Texas. 
 
 26. Soot Tea. — One mother writes that she has never found anything to 
 cure the colic so quickly as soot tea. Pour hot water upon a little soot from 
 the chimney and have the child drink it. It seems to absorb all the gas. 
 
 27. Calamus. — Give from 20 grains to 1 dram of calamus. For infants, 
 you can combine it with calcined magnesia. 
 
 28. Pills for Colic. — The following pills are good for flatulent colic. 
 Each pill should contain 1 grain each of dioscorein and asclepidin and 3 
 grains of ginger. Instead of the asclepidin you can use the same quantity 
 of unicorn root if preferred. Give one pill every 2 or 3 hours. 
 
 29. Chamomile. — For colic in adults use oil of chamomile. The doSe 
 is from 5 to 15 drops on sugar. • 
 
 30. Wild Yam.^-In ordinary cases of colic give from 3 to 4 ounces of .a 
 decoction of wild yam root every half hour until relieved. In bilious colic 
 the dose is half a pint every half hour. 
 
 31. Catnip Tea. — Warm catnip tea is one of the old fashioned remedies 
 our grandmothers used to give the children for colic and it is just as good 
 today as it was then. Put an ounce of the dried herb into a pint of boiling 
 water, cover and let stand for an hour. Drink of it freely. 
 
 32. Enema for Bilious Colic. — Pour a quart of boiling water over 4 
 ounces each of senna and boneset; steep for 10 minutes with moderate heat; 
 strain ; and while hot add 4 ounces of molasses, 2 drams of powdered bayberry 
 bark and 2 drams each of common salt, powdered lobelia seed and powdered 
 capsicum. This is to be used as an injection. Give half this quantity at a 
 time as hot as possible and repeat if necessary in 15 miriutes. A decoction 
 of wild yam may be drank at the same time. 
 
 33. Pink Blows, Etc. — To 2 ounces each of common pink blows, smell- 
 age root and pleurisy root add a sufficient quantity of boiling water and boil 
 down to a quart ; strain and add a quart of proof brandy and a pound of sugar 
 The dose for an infant is a teaspoonful and may be repeated if necessary. 
 This is good for colic, fits and green stools in children. 
 
 DYSENTERY. 
 
 This disease is treated under Contagious and Infectious Diseases. 
 
 CONSTIPATION. 
 Causes. —People of a nervous and bilious temperarnent and of a dark type 
 are much troubled with constipation. A sedentary life conduces to consti- 
 
154 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 pation. A lazy life in which the calls of nature are irregularly attended to 
 or are habitually neglected leads to over distention of the rectum or paralysis 
 of it. This is a common cause of constipation. 
 
 Another cause is the constant use of concentrated articles of food such 
 as meats in which little residual matter is left to stimulate the worm-like 
 motion of the bowels. A very coarse diet may also tend toward constipation 
 because there is so much residual matter left that it stops up the bo^vels or 
 causes fecal impaction. 
 
 A change of drinking water or water from a chalky region may aid in 
 causing constipation. Other causes are bodily weakness and diseases such as 
 neurasthenia, hysteria, acute fevers and liver disorders. The habitual use 
 of purgatives may also weaken the bowels and cause constipation. 
 
 The local causes are: (a) Atony or weakness of the muscles of the ab- 
 domen caused by fat or in females often by being pregnant, (b) Atony or 
 weakness of the large bowel from chronic inflammation, (c) Pressure by 
 tumors, (d) A narrowing of the intestihe either from external or internal con- 
 striction or pressure, (e) Tightness of the sphincter ani or muscle of the 
 anus. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Remove the causes if possible. There should be a regular time for 
 the movement of the bowels each day. This will help a great deal. Habit has 
 much to do with constipation, especially when one is not born with it. Make 
 the bowels move at a certain time each day and remain at stool withouj 
 straining until they do. Exercise is good and especially such exercises as act 
 upon the muscles of the abdomen. Horseback riding and gymnasium work 
 are good. Massaging the bowels is very efifective. Special attention, though, 
 to the calls of nature should be esteemed a duty and proper time and heed 
 must always be given to the complete emptying of the bowel. Take time 
 and have a regular hour each day. Young girls should be specially instructed 
 for they are very likely to neglect the call of nature. 
 
 Attention to the diet often avails much. Foods that are easily digested 
 but leave a moderate amount of residual matter .after digestion are to be 
 recommended. Such foods as bread made from unbolted flour, plenty of 
 vegetables and fruits, butter and such loosening articles as figs, honey and 
 molasses and a glass of cold water taken regularly at bed time and in the 
 morning on arising, are all good. Bread should be well baked. The old style 
 stone mill flour is the best. Graham flour and corn meal made in different 
 ways are both good. Eat fruits of all kinds and especially apples. Do not 
 drink strong tea or coffee as they are binding as are also meats and especially 
 beef. Avoid rich cakes and pies. Eat good healthful food and do not over eat. 
 Oatmeal and corn and wheat flakes are of great benefit. The less you work 
 or exercise, the less you should eat and especially of hearty and substantia) 
 foods. Milk is constipating for some people. Eat slowly and thoroughly 
 chew your food; it will then digest better and you will not need to eat so 
 much. Get up from the table a little hungry. 
 
 As before stated, you ought to have a regular time for your bowels to 
 move. Go to the closet every day at a certain time and if necessary wait 
 and determine that you will have a movement. Habit has a great deal to do 
 with constipation. Do not. strain at stool. 
 
 If the anus or outlet is too small have it stretched or dilated but have 
 this done gradually. In drug stores you will find dilator* for this purpose in 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. ISS 
 
 sets of three or four. These are not only good for constipation but also for 
 piles and dyspepsia as well as nervous trouble. 
 
 When at stool do not sit down and read and put ofif attending to the 
 call of nature. Make attention to this call your first duty after breakfast. 
 
 There are laxatives and cathartics and tablets and pills of many kinds. 
 Of course if you can't have regular passages without these you must resort 
 to their use. It is better to take " physics " than to have constipated bowels 
 with all the troubles that go with constipation. Sometimes, eating dandelion 
 root will prove beneficial. Senna tea, in from 1 to 5-ounce doses, is also good 
 but it causes griping. Dandelion, yellow dock, burdock, culver's root and 
 wahoo, made into a tea and drank freely, is good. You can also use this com- 
 bination in the fluid extract form. These fluid extracts can be bought at 
 any drug store and should be mixed in equal parts. The dose of the combi- 
 nation is from % to 1 teaspoonful from 2 to 4 times a day as needed. This 
 will be found very good and it is not especially harmful. 
 
 Aromatic cascara, fluid extract of cascara and cascara evacuans are all 
 good as are rochelle and epsom salts. Seidlitz powders and Hunyadi and 
 other waters give temporary relief. 
 
 Spiced syrup of rhubarb is very good for infants and children in from 
 % to 1 teaspoonful doses. The aromatic syrup of rhubarb is very good where 
 there is irritating material in the bowels causing diarrhea. This is good for 
 both infants and adults. 
 
 The compound infusion of senna is good. The dose is from 1 to 3% 
 ounces ever}' 4 hours until it operates. Sulphur and molasses, mixed, is a 
 good laxative at times. Much benefit will be derived from regular massaging 
 of the abdomen. 
 
 Remember that by constant care in diet and habits you can overcome 
 many cases of constipation. Never allow one day to pass without a good 
 passage from the bowels. Injections, or enemas, are good as a temporary 
 measure but they are likely to irritate the bowel. If you feel dizzy, irritable, 
 cross and lazy, and your bowels have not moved recently, you should cause 
 a movement by giving an enema or by using some of the other means 
 mentioned. Do not take anything to act upon your liver or bowels when 
 they are acting well simply because it is a certain season of the year. If 
 your bowels are regular and you think your liver is torpid, drink lots of good 
 water and eat very little or nothing for a day or two. Most of us eat too 
 much. Many of our ailments are caused by over eating and among these 
 aliments are sluggish kidneys, torpid liver and bowels, dizziness, neuralgias 
 and headaches. Eat less food and drink more water. 
 
 In closing this subject I want to give a prescription gotten up and fre- 
 quently prescribed by myself. 
 
 For Constipation. — Take 1/4 grain of aloin, ^4 grain of nux vomica, % 
 grain of podophyllin and 3 grains or more of powdered gentian ;_ mix » thor- 
 oughly. This quantity will make one capsule or it can be rolled into a pill. 
 Of course you are to have as many made as is deemed necessary. One of 
 these pills or capsules may be taken every night if necessary. This is not a 
 cathartic but a light tonic-laxative and I know it is excellent where a tonic- 
 laxative is needed. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Castile Soap and Rhubarb. — Make some pills of castile soap and 
 rhubarb, using half a grain of each. Take two pills before retiring. 
 
156 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The rhubarb is laxative and the soap is oily and 
 slightly laxative also. 
 
 2. Diet, Etc. — If you are constipated drink freely of cold water and also 
 use warm water as an injection. Eat fruits, vegetables and soups. Cracked 
 wheat is a fine remedy. Attend regularly and promptly to the calls of nature. 
 
 3. Senna and Boneset. — An occasional dose of senna tea is good for 
 constipation, also an injection of boneset tea with a little molasses is effective. 
 
 4. Charcoal and Molasses. — Mix charcoal with a little molasses and 
 take from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful as often as required to produce the 
 desired effects. At the same time it will be well to bathe the bowels occa- 
 sionally with vinegar to which a little pepper has been added. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The molasses is loosening and the charcoal is an 
 antiseptic. 
 
 5. Hot Water. — Hot water drank freely half an hour before bed time 
 is soothing to the bowels and one of the very best laxatives in cases of consti- 
 pation. 
 
 6. Baking Soda. — A very little baking soda will often give relief. 
 
 7. Figs. — For constipation in children give them a fig each morning. 
 
 8. Bean Biscuit for Constipation. — Take 1 pint of beans, % pint of 
 flour, 4 teaspoonfuls of molasses or srfgar, sour milk with soda to sweeten, 
 and a piece of butter the size of an egg. Make quite a thick batter and bake 
 in gem pans. Eat two biscuits at each meal until relieved. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — These biscuits leave a large residuum and the butter 
 and molasses are loosening. 
 
 9. Olive Oil. — This is also good for gall stones. 
 
 10. Lemon Juice and Sugar. — Squeeze the juice from half a lemon and 
 add about 3 tablespoonfuls of water and a teaspoonful of sugar and drink 
 before breakfast every morning for a week or ten days. This is very good. 
 
 11. Figs and Dates. — Eat figs and dates. 
 13. Dandelion. — Eat dandelion greens. 
 
 13. Rhubarb. — Eat plenty of rhubarb. 
 
 14. Senna Tea. — Use a tea made of senna. The dose is from 3 to 4 
 ounces. By adding 1 teaspoonful of cream of tartar to a teacupful of the in- 
 fu'sion, you will take away the unpleasant taste. It is not to be used when 
 there is inflammation of the intestines, piles or falling of the bowels. 
 
 15. Wahoo. — The bark of the root of wahoo is good for a torpid liver and 
 for constipation. The dose of the tincture is 1 dram and of the powder from 
 20 to 30 grains. This is also good in combination with blood remedies. 
 
 16. Flaxseed. — A decoction of flaxseed is good as an injection. 
 
 17. Confection of Senna. — Confection of Senna is a splendid mild laxa- 
 tive for constipation. It can be bought at any drug store but here is the 
 formula for those desiring to make it themselves. Take 8 ounces of senna, 4 
 ounces of coriander seeds, 3 ounces of licorice root (bruised), 1 pound of figs, 
 % pound of pulp of prunes, % pound of pulp of tamarinds, % pound of pulp 
 of cassia, 3% pounds of refined sugar and 4 pints of water. Give one to two 
 teaspoonfuls at night. 
 
 18. Cathartic Pills.^-Take 6 ounces of mandrake root, 4 ounces of cul- 
 ver's root or black root, 4 ounces of blood root, 8 ounces of blue flag, 4 ounces 
 of lobelia seeds and Yz ounce of cayenne pepper. These should be finely 
 pulverized, sifted and mixed well. To form into pills make a thick mucilage 
 of gum arabic, peach tree gum or slippery elm bark by dissolving in either 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 157 
 
 water or molasses and moisten the powders just enough to make them adhere. 
 Form in pills the size of a pea and roll them in fine slippery elm, bayberry or 
 flour. Lay them in a dry place exposed to the air to dry and put into boxes 
 with fine elm powder. Take from 3 to 6 at bed time. 
 
 CfiOLERA INFANTUM. 
 
 (See Baby Department for Physician's Treatment of this Disease.) 
 PEOPLES' HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb, Etc. — For the severe vomiting of cholera 
 infantum apply a mustard poultice to the stomach and spinal column; or, a 
 spice plaster laid over the stomach often gives relief. For the diarrhea give 
 a teaspoonful of the spiced syrup of rhubarb every half hour until it acts on 
 the bowels, then it may be given every 3 or 4 hours. In a day or two this 
 should be followed with a tea made of the bark of blackberry root, cherry tree 
 bark and strawberry root and some of the leaves of each added. To this add 
 a little cinnamon and cloves and sweeten with white sugar. The child should 
 have plenty of fresh air even if it has to be carried in the yard, street, or 
 park. If it is too sick to be taken out of doors it may be carried on a large 
 pillow in a well ventilated room. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — These remedies are slightly astringent ; the cloyes 
 are a stimulant and antiseptic and the cinnamon contains tannin which is 
 astringent. The volatile oil of the cloves makes it a hemostatic which means 
 that it is good to stop bleeding. The mustard or spice plaster is a counter- 
 irritant. 
 
 2. Whites of Eggs, Etc. — Beat the whites of two eggs thoroughly, mix 
 with water and add a little sugar and a teaspoonful of orange flower water. 
 Give a teaspoonful every hour. It seems to form a coating for the bowels. 
 
 3. Rhubarb, Baking Soda, White Sugar and Peppermint. — Into a tea- 
 cup put half a teaspoonful of baking soda, a teaspoonful of powdered rhubarb 
 and two tablespoonfuls of white sugar. Mix these and add % teaspoonful 
 of essence of peppermint and stir while pouring the cup two-thirds full of 
 boiling water. Let this settle and from the top give a child a year old half a 
 teaspoonful every hour. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The soda corrects the stomach, the rhubarb is a 
 slight laxative and gets rid of the irritating material in the bowels and the 
 peppermint is an anodynei, anaesthetic and antiseptic. 
 
 4. Castor Oil and Blackberry Cordial. — Give half a teaspoonful of castor 
 oil and 12 drops or more of blackberry cordial every hour for 4 hours. " This 
 has been used with success many times when other remedies seemed to do 
 no good," writes a mother living at Garrettsville, Ohio. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Castor oil drives all the irritating material from 
 the bowels and when this is all removed you should stop its use. A good 
 way to make the blackberry cordial is to take equal parts of cinnamon, cloves 
 and nutmeg and pour enough dilute alcohol over them to make a tincture. 
 Take 31 parts of this tincture and add 3 parts of fresh blackberry juice and 
 3 parts of simple syrup. Mix, and take a dram or more at a dose according 
 to age. 
 
 5. Cinnamon Bark. — Fr^equently give small doses of a strong tea made 
 from cinnamon bark. Giving castor oil regularly every day is also a good 
 remedy. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The castor oil casts out the irritating material 
 and the cinnamon tea checks the looseness of the bowels. 
 
158 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 6. Flour and Milk. — Put some white flour into a cloth bag, boil for 
 three hours and when cool take off the outer part or skin and scrape fine. 
 Mix this with boiled milk until it is of the consistency of cream and let the 
 child drink of this. 
 
 CHOLERA MORBUS. 
 Sporadic Cholera — Cholera Nostras. 
 
 Description. — This is a self limiting disease characterized by vomiting 
 and purging, colicky pains, and often muscular cramps. 
 
 Causes. — Age and season have much to do with it. It usually occurs in 
 the summer time. Warm, damp and sultry weather and improper food such 
 as unripe fruit, cucumbers and egg plant are common causes. 
 
 Symptoms. — It comes on suddenly with pain in the abdomen (belly), 
 vomiting and diarrhea. It is often attended with cramps in the calves of the 
 legs. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Place a large mustard plaster or poultice over the stomach and abdomen 
 and follow with flaxseed poultices if necessary. 
 
 If there has been indigestion or if the patient has been eating indigestible 
 food, give laxatives. A good treatment is to drink lots of water to wash the 
 food and mucus from the stomach. This will cause more vomiting for the 
 time being but the vomiting will stop as soon as the food and mucus are 
 washed from the stomach. For the excesssive thirst give in the mouth small 
 pieces of ice over which a little brandy has been sprinkled. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — After giving the laxatives or washing out the 
 stom.ach as above give 15 drops of essence of wintergreen mixed with an 
 equal quantity of laudanum. Give this in a little water. Sometimes a few 
 drops of camphor mixed in a little water and dropped on the tongue will 
 stop the vomiting. Give a hypodermic injection of i/4 grain of morphine. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Give the second dilution of Veratrum Alb. 
 Put 10 or 15 drops into half a glass of water and give from % to 1 teaspoonful 
 every 15 minutes. 
 
 It is always well to keep quiet the next day for the stomach and bowels 
 will be sore and you might cause inflammation of these parts if you move 
 much. If very sore you can use fomentations of hops, etc. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Spice Poultice. — A spice poultice made of a teaspoonful each of 
 cinnamon and cloves and a tablespoonful of flour wet with brandy may be 
 applied to the stomach. Wash the stomach out by giving freely of warm 
 water and flaxseed tea. 
 
 2. Salt, Pepper, Vinegar, Etc. — Take 1 tablespoonful each of table salt 
 and ground black pepper and Vs teacupful each of warm water and cider 
 vinegar. Of this take a tablespoonful every few minutes until the whole is 
 taken. Stir each time before using. This mixture will stop the purging and 
 settle the stomach. 
 
 3. Cloves, Cinnamon, Blackberry Root, Etc. — Apply warm fomentations 
 of hops and vinegar to the bowels and bathe the feet in warm saleratus water. 
 After the severest part of the attack is over give two or three times a day a 
 teacupful of a strong decoction of cloves, cinnamon and blackberry root. A 
 strong decoction of burnt corn is also an excellent remedy. 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 159 
 
 4. The Celebrated " Sun Cholera Cure," — This consists of equal parts, 
 mixed, of tincture of opium, tincture of capsicum (red pepper), rhubarb, 
 camphor and peppermint. Take from 15 to SO drops in four tablespoonfuls of 
 water every half hour until relieved. This dose, when used twice only every 
 34 hours, is excellent for summer complaint. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Because of the opium this should bp given to adults 
 only. 
 
 5. Mustard Plaster, Etc. — Keep the patient warm and the feet wrapped 
 in warm blankets. Use hot water bottles to the feet and limbs and put a 
 mustard plaster over the stomach. Internally use the following tried remedy. 
 Add a tablespoonful each of table salt and ground black pepper to half a, 
 tumblerful each of hot water and cider vinegar ; mix, and give a tablespoonful 
 every few minutes until the whole has been taken. 
 
 6. Poppies, Chamomile Flowers, Etc. — Make a decoction of poppies and 
 chamomile flowers. Wring flannels out of the hot liquid and apply over the 
 stomach. At the same time the following mixture may be given: 1 dram of 
 magnesia and 4 ounces of peppermint water. If there is much diarrhea and 
 the case has run for some time add two drams of paregoric to the above. 
 Shake the mixture thoroughly before taking. The dose is a teaspoonful every 
 20 minutes. 
 
 7. Rum, Molasses and Ginger. — Take a glassful each of West India 
 rum, molasses and spring water; add 3 tablespoonfuls of ginger; mix, and 
 drink. This is a sure cure for cholera morbus. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The rum is stimulating, the molasses is a little 
 loosening and the ginger stimulates the stomach and bowels. 
 
 8. Asafetida and Whiskey. — Put some asafetida gum into whiskey and 
 let stand for some time. Shake well and give a small dose of the liquid and 
 it will often give instant relief. It is also good for wind colic in small children. 
 
 9. Cayenne Pepper, Camphor, Etc. — Take equal parts of cayenne pepper, 
 tincture of opium, tincture of rhubarb, essence of peppermint and spirits of 
 camphor; mix well. The dose is from 15 to 30 drops in sweetened water 
 according to age and the violence of the symptoms. Repeat every 15 or 30 
 minutes until relieved. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is good for adults. Because of the opium it is 
 better not to give it to children. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR STOMACH AND BOWEL 
 
 TROUBLES. 
 
 1. Milk and Lime Water. — Give a little lime water in milk. This is 
 fine for any kind of stomach or bowel trouble. 
 
 3. Onion Tea. — Give the baby some onion tea if it has the colic. This 
 is also good for a fretful baby and is not injurious like many of the soothing 
 syrups which are used. 
 
 3. Peppermint or Spearmint Tea. — Warm peppermint or spearmint tea 
 is an old tried remedy for wind on the stomach. 
 
 4. Saleratus Water. — When the gas on the stomach causes heartburn 
 it can be relieved by taking half a teaspoonful of saleratus in half a cup of 
 water. 
 
 5 Magnesia.— Magnesia in two or three teaspoonful doses in a glass 
 of water is fine for the stomach and for heartburn. 
 
160 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 6. Charcoal. — For waterbrash when caused by gas give a teaspoonfttl 
 of prepared charcoal three times a day. 
 
 7. Charcoal and Soda. — For sour stomach give teaspoohful doses of 
 prepared charcoal; half a teaspoonful of baking soda; or, a dessert spoonful 
 of lime water. 
 
 8. Peach Leaf Tea. — For inflammation of the stomach and bowels give 
 a cold tea made of peach leaves. A tablespoonful may be taken every hour 
 or two. 
 
 9. Ginger, Camphor and Mustard. — For Stomachache or cramps in the 
 stomach use either essence of ginger or spirits of camphor. A mustard poul- 
 tice applied to the stomach is also an excellent remedy. 
 
 10. Croton Oil. — For chronic inflammation of the stomach rub a little 
 croton oil over the stomach or apply a mustard plaster or a mustard poultice. 
 
 11. Rhubarb, Ginger and Castile Soap. — For loss of appetite mix the 
 following and make into 13 pills. Take % dram of powdered rhubarb, 12 
 grains of powdered ginger and 1 scruple of castile soap. Take two pills every 
 night or every other night according to the case. 
 
 13. White Oak Bark. — For falling of the bowel add 1 ounce of white 
 oak bark to 1 pint of water ; boil away one-fourth ; strain, and add 1 scruple 
 of alum. Wash the parts with this using a soft sponge for the purpose. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — These remedies are good for this purpose because 
 of their astringent or puckering power. 
 
 13. Fruit. — Ripe fruit stewed in molasses is relaxing to the bowels and ' 
 a good food for the patient with stomach or bowel trouble. 
 
 14. Teinnin, Golden Seal, Etc. — For falling of the bowel, any good pile 
 ointment with a dram of tannin added will be found beneficial. As an injection 
 use a strong decoction of white oak bark or a decoction of equal parts of 
 golden seal and the root of Solomon's seal. Retain the injection as long as 
 possible. ' 
 
 Physician's Remark. — ^These ingredients are puckering or astringent. 
 
 15. Sugar, Orange Juice and Soda. — Dissolve 2 teaspoonfuls of sugar in 
 half a glass of water, add the juice of an orange and stir in a teaspoonful of 
 baking soda. Drink while effervescing. 
 
 16. Champagne. — During sick stomach, champagne can often be taken 
 when nothing else can be retained. 
 
 17. Royal Mint Sauce. — Put 1 teaspoonful of Royal Mint Sauce into a 
 little hot sweetened water and give this. A lady living in Lincoln, Illinois 
 says : " It saved my daughter's life when very sick from eating bananas." 
 
 18. Treatment. — When there is gas in the stomach (chronic) causing 
 colic, etc., refrain from drinking tea, coffee or any other drink while eating 
 and for 21/2 hours afterward. If constipated use some cathartic and perhaps a 
 tonic may also be needed under the advice of a physician, but the refraining 
 from drinking as above mentioned is very important. A lady living in Massa- 
 chusetts says she practiced this treatment under a physician in Springfield, 
 Mass. with entire success and her ^ case was a serious one of many years' 
 standing. 
 
 19. Clam Broth. — Clam broth is good for a weak stomach. 
 
 20. Spruce Beer. — Take of the essence of black spruce, I/2 pint ; ginger, 
 pimento and hops, of each 4 ounces; water, 3 gallons. Boil for 10 or 15 
 minutes ; strain ; add warm water, 11 gallons ; molasses, 6 pints ; and yeast, 1 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 161 
 
 pint. Mix, and allow the mixture to ferment for 34 hours. It may be drank 
 freely. 
 
 31. Calamus Tea. — Make a tea of calamus by scalding 1 ounce of the 
 root in a pint of water. The dose is from 4 to 6 ounces. This is good as a 
 tonic for dyspepsia, flatulent colic and want of tone of the stomach. 
 
 33. Chamomile. — A cold tea of this is good for dyspepsia and irritable 
 stomach. 
 
 33. Turkey Corn. — This is a good tonic. Make a tea by adding 4 drams 
 of the powdered bulb to a pint of water and give from 1 to 4 ounces 3 times 
 a day. Or, you can use the tincture of turkey corn in from ^/^ to 1 teaspoonful 
 doses 3 times a day. 
 
 34. Golden Seal. — Golden seal is a tonic and is good for dyspepsia. The 
 dose of the tincture is from % to 1 dram and the dose of the powder is from 
 5 to 10 grains. Use the smaller doses for dyspepsia. 
 
 35. Blue Flag. — This is a splendid liver remedy. The dose of the tinc- 
 ture is from 10 to 30 drops four times a day. 
 
 36. Quassia. — A tea made from quassia is a good bitter tonic. The dose 
 is from 1 to 3 ounces. 
 
 37. Gentian. — Gentian makes a good tonic. The dose of the tea is from 
 1 to 3 ounces; of the powder, 10 grains; and of the tincture 1 dram. This 
 may be combined with other bitter tonics. 
 
 38. Spring Tonic. — Dissolve 1 ounce of rochelle salts and 1 ounce of 
 cream of tartar in 1 pint of boiling water. Piit into a bottle and take a small 
 wineglassful each morning. This is good for the stomach and for the com- 
 plexion- 
 Physician's Remarks. — This acts upon the bowels and kidneys. 
 
 39. Bitter Tonic. — Take 1 pound each of poplar bark, golden seal, bay- 
 berry (bark of root) and columbo root ; 6 ounces each of capsicum and cloves 
 and 4 pounds of loaf or lump sugar. Pulverize, sift and mix well. The dose 
 is 1 teaspoonful in either hot or cold water. Or, 1 ounce may be added to a 
 quart, of wine and a wineglassful taken 3 times a day. 
 
 30. Restorative Bitters. — This is a tonic and is especially good for weak- 
 ness from diseases of women such as amenorrhea, leucorrhea, weak back, etc. 
 The dose is from 1 to 3 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. Take comfrey root, Solo- 
 mon's seal root and spikenard root, of each (bruised) 1 ounce; chamomile 
 flowers, columbo root and gentian root, of each (bruised) % ounce; sherry 
 wine, 4 pints ; and boiling water, sufficient to cover well. Place the herbs in 
 a vessel, cover with boiling water and let the herbs steep for 34 hours, closely 
 covered, then add the sherry wine. Let it stand for 14 days and then press 
 and filter. This is a good strengthening bitter tonic. 
 
 31. Tonic. — A good tonic is the following. Take spikenard root, Solo- 
 mon's seal root, gentian root, wild cherry bark and peach root, of each 
 (bruised) 1 ounce ; add 4 pints of boiling water, let simmer slowly to 1 pint ; 
 then add good native wine, 4 pints. Steep for 7 days, press, filter and add 3 
 ounces of loaf sugar. The dose is from 1 to 3 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 33. Wine Bitters or Compound Wine of Golden Seal. — Take 1 dram each 
 of golden seal root, tulip tree bark and- bitter root ; add Vz dram of cayenne 
 pepper and 4 pints of sherry wine. Steep for 14 days with occasional shak- 
 ings, then press and filter. This is a bitter tonic and is good for dyspepsia 
 and weakness. The dose is from Vz to 3 ounces after meals. 
 
 33. Bitters for Dyspepsia. — Take golden seal root, bitter root and orange 
 
 11 
 
163 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 peel, of each in powder form, 1 dram ; prickly ash berries, i^ dram ; and over 
 these pour V^ pint of boiling water. Mix and let stand in a closely covered 
 vessel for 24 hours and add 1% pints of good native wine (sweet). The dose 
 is from % to 2 ounces either before or after meals. 
 
 34. Golden Seal, Blue Cohosh, Etc. — Mix together % ounce each of 
 golden seal, blue cohosh and helonias. Each is to be in powdered form. The 
 dose is from ^4 to 1 dram in water 3 times a day. This is good for dyspepsia, 
 chronic gastritis, distress after eating and ulcerous sore mouth. 
 
 35. Liver Pill for Epidemic Dysentery. — Take 1 dram of powdered lap- 
 tandrin, i/^ dram of powdered podophyllin and 5 drams of sugar of milk and 
 mix all thoroughly. Give from 5 to 8 grains every hour or two until the 
 bowels move freely. 
 
 36. Blue Flag, Mandrake, Bitter Root and Milkweed.— For obstinate 
 constipation, liver troubles and rheumatism use the following herbs in powder 
 form. Take 1 ounce each of blue flag, mandrake, bitter root and swamp milk- 
 weed and y<i ounce of blood root. Mix thoroughly and take from y^ to 1 
 dram 3 times a day in tea or water. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE GULLET, 
 
 This is usually caused by poison. Dilate the stricture with instruments 
 
 SPASM OF GULLET. 
 
 This is rarely met with except in insane or hysterical persons. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE SMALL INTESTINES. 
 Catarrhal Enteritis. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is pain and griping in the bowels, diarrhea and loss of 
 appetite. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Rest in bed and after the bowels have been moved freely with castor oil 
 give bismuth in from 5 to 10-grain doses. 
 
 The first time I ever saw the " Corn Sweat " used was in the cas^ of a 
 married lady about forty years of age who was suffering from inflammation 
 of the bowels. The patient did not get along as wpll as she might and her 
 husband asked me if I would object to the use of the " Corn Sweat." He 
 explained the method as I have described it in the Nursing Department. The 
 husband had learned this from his mother who was one of the old pioneers of 
 Michigan and a woman of vast experience with herb remeflies and home aids. 
 
 I at once saw the possibilities of this " Corn Sweat " and consented to 
 its use. The result was a great benefit to the patient about whom I was so 
 worried. The explanation is very simple. The sweating opened the pores 
 of the skin thoroughly so that it could perform its functions and throw off the 
 poison from the system. The capillary or skin circulation was fully restored, 
 thereby taking some of the blood from the bowels and relieving the congestion 
 of these organs. I understand that Dr. Nancrede, Prof, of Surgery, in the 
 University of Michigan recommends this " Corn Sweat " when sweating is 
 needed. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Lye Water, Mustard Poultices, Etc. — For inflammation of the bowels 
 put the feet into warm lye water which is not very strong and apply mustard 
 poultices to the abdomen, along the backbone and to the feet. After consider- 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 163 
 
 able redness has been produced remove the poultices and apply hot fomenta- 
 tions of hops and stramonium leaves or hops and tansy. Change them accord- 
 ing to the pain. 
 
 2. Hot Water Cloths. — Apply cloths wrung out of hot water to the 
 affected parts. 
 
 3. Cold Water Cloths. — Wring cloths out of very cold water, place on the 
 affected parts, cover with a dry towel and change often. 
 
 4. Lard and Turpentine. — Warm and mix well four parts of lard with 
 
 1 part of turpentine and grease the patient thoroughly over the bowels ; then 
 cover the bowels with a warm woolen cloth. A lady living in Rockford, Ohio 
 says that she saved a child with this treatment that had been given up to die. 
 
 5. Bran, Meal or Flaxseed Poultices. — Apply poultices of bran or meal, 
 changing as often as they cool. Flaxseed is also good. A dose of castor oil 
 should be given if the bowels are not loose enough. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE ILEUM-COLON. 
 Ileo-Colitis of Childhood. 
 
 Symptoms. — This manifests itself by purging, vomiting and abdominal 
 distress. In the mild form there is a slight fever from 1 to 2 degrees 
 above normal. Daily there are several loose movements of the bowels. If 
 the case is more severe there is pain in the bowels, vomiting, high fever and 
 frequent passages of yellow or greenish stools containing mucus and undi- 
 gested food. There may be straining and the stools may be streaked with 
 blood. The tongue is coated, the bowels tender to the touch and the child 
 rapidly loses strength as it does with cholera infantum. 
 
 The disease is far more dangerous for childrert under 4 years than v/hen 
 they are older. High fever, many stools, much vomiting, much mucus, 
 marked nervous symptoms and signs of poisoned blood are all bad symptoms. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Herb Remedies. — Cranesbill steeped in milk is very good for diarrhea 
 and dysentery. Oil of fireweed is good for dysentery. The dose is 5 drops 
 for adulls and should be given from 1 to 3 times every hour. A tea made of 
 path weed is also fine for dysentery. Use from 3 to 4 ounces to a pint of 
 water and give from 1 to 3 ounces every 3 or 3 hours. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — If there are evidences of an inactive liver give 
 very small doses of calomel every third or fourth day. If there is much 
 mucus in the stools give from 1 to 3 teaspoonful doses of castor oil. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment — During the first 24 hours give the second 
 dilution of Aconite. Put 10 or 15 drops into half a glass of water and give 
 
 2 teaspoonfuls every 2 or 3 hours. 
 
 Give 1 tablet of the third dilution of Arsenicum every hour. This is to 
 be used when the patient is tliirsty, restless and vomits water or watery fluid 
 and when there is a watery, burning diarrhea that makes the anus sore. 
 
 Give the third trituration of Mercurius Sol. Give 1 tablet every hour 
 or two. This is to be used when the patient is bilious looking and passes 
 mucus and blood and has pain at stool which is not relieved by passing of 
 the stool. 
 
 Use the third trituration of Nux Vomica, 1 tablet every hour or two, 
 when there is much pain before the stool but is relieved by the passage of 
 the stool. 
 
 When there is a throbbing headache give the third dilution of Bella- 
 
164 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK- 
 
 donna. Put 10 cy 15 drops into half a glass of water and give 1 or 3 teaspoon- 
 fuls every 1 to 3 hours. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Mild continuous counter irritation by means of a 
 spice poultice over the abdomen is very good. The spice poultice consists of 
 equal parts of powdered nutmeg, allspice, cloves and cinnamon. These are to 
 be moistened with warm water or vinegar. A mustard plaster is also good. 
 Use one or two parts of mustard to 3 or 3 parts of wheat flour. This produces 
 continuous but not severe counter irritation. 
 
 For a diet the patient may have milk if it does not curdle. Beef juice 
 or beef or chicken broth may be given but not to a very young infant. If the 
 child is older you can add strained barley or wheat gruel. The digestion of 
 these can be aided by the use of liquid pancreatin or liquid taka-diastase. 
 
 APPENDICITIS. 
 
 Description and Location of Appendix. — The appendix is a small tube a 
 little larger than a goose quill and from 3 to 4 inches long. It is situated 
 in the right side of the abdomen and rather low down. It can be located about 
 midway between the navel and the point of the hip bone. One end is closed 
 and the other opens into the caecum or beginning of the large bowel. In- 
 flammation of the appendix is called appendicitis. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^The most constant symptom is pain in the right side of 
 the abdomen. The patient may not be able to locate the pain exactly but pres- 
 sure with the hand will usually show the right location. The pain is usually 
 severe and sharp and in some cases is agonizing. Usually it comes on ' 
 suddenly and for this and other reasons it may be confused with kidney or 
 gall stone colic. If the pain of appendicitis stops suddenly it is not a good 
 sign for it indicates the formation of pus in or near the appendix. 
 
 Next to the pain the most important symptom in appendicitis is a tight- 
 ness or hardness of the muscle on the right side of the abdomen. The fever 
 is very high and there is often vomiting. After a time a swelling may appear 
 in the lower side of the abdomen. 
 
 How to Tell Appendicitis from Renal and Gall Stone Colic. — In renal 
 or kidney colic the pain runs down into the scrotum or groin. In hepatic or 
 gall stone colic the patient has generally had previous trouble with gall stones. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — Keep the bowels open. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Absolute rest in bed. Apply an ice bag over the 
 appendix. Give no food or drink by the mouth, give no purgatives and no 
 morphine unless absolutely necessary. Use a bed pan if the bowels move 
 for the patient must not get out of bed. If the pulse is excitable a little 
 aconite may be given. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Absolute rest in bed. The medicines used are 
 the second dilution of Aconite, the third dilution of Belladonna, the second 
 dilution of Bryonia, the third trituration of Arsenicum and the third tritura- 
 tion of Mercurius. Directions for the preparation and doses of these medi- 
 cines will be found under " Homeopathic Medicines " in the Nursing Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Operations. — Great difference of opinion exists as to this (See article on 
 Operations). Dennis says, "The plan of allowing the simple catarrhal cases 
 which are doing well after 36 hours to recover without immediate operation 
 and relegating them subsequently to the group known as interval cases, and 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES.. 165 
 
 the prompt operation after 36 hours when the cases are not doing well, seems 
 to hold out the best prospect of recovery. The pendulum has swung too far 
 toward indiscriminate operation. But now the introduction of the interval 
 operationhas brought the pendulum back to swing within the proper limits. 
 Nursing and Diet. — As a rule the patient would vomit any food taken 
 the first few days. Liquid food can be given with a syringe and injected into 
 the bowel. When food can be taken it must be liquid like milk, broths, etc. 
 See that the patient remains quiet and use the bed pan as he must not get up 
 for any reason. 
 
 TELESCOPING OF THE BOWELS. 
 Intestinal Obstruction — Intussusception. 
 
 Description. — Intussusception is a telescoping of one section of the bowel 
 into_ another. A section of the bowel seems to slip back into the adjoining 
 section and thus closes it and prevents the passing of the contents of the 
 bowels. 
 
 Causes. — Obstruction of the bowels is caused by the packing of the con- 
 tents of the bowels, by adhesions, or by tumors. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is pain in the abdomen, vomiting in the first stages 
 and absolute constipation. The pain soon becomes constant and agonizing 
 and the vomiting is more severe and constant after several hours. The first 
 material vomited is gastric and mucus ; the next material contains bile and 
 then there is vomiting of the contents of the bowels. This is probably due to 
 the putrid decomposition of the stagnated contents of the bowels above the 
 obstruction. 
 
 Treatment. — Stop all food and wash out the stomach every six hours 
 by giving large quantities of water. Give high rectal injections with a foun- 
 tain syringe. Use a warm saline solution of olive oil and the injection should 
 be copious, steady and regularly repeated. An operation will be necessary if 
 other means fail. 
 
 ACUTE PERITONITIS. 
 Inflammation of the Peritoneum. 
 
 Description. — The peritoneum is a membrane lining the walls of the 
 abdomen and covering or enclosing the intestines. Peritonitis is inflammation 
 of the peritoneum. 
 
 Causes. — Most cases are due to infection. The two great causes are 
 appendicitis and disease of the fallopian tubes. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is severe pain in the abdomen and the wall of muscles 
 of the abdomen is rigid and sensitive to touch. The patient has a very 
 anxious face. The pulse is rapid and there is frequently vomiting. The abdo- 
 men soon becomes extremely tender and the patient cannot bear the weight of 
 the bed clothes upon him. He usually lies upon his back with his knees drawn 
 up and supports the bed clothes over the abdomen with his hands. He is 
 afraid lest the bed be jarred. The thirst is fearful. As the disease progresses 
 the abdomen becomes full and hard. The face is anxious, pinched and peaked ; 
 the eyes sunken ; the nostrils thin and drawn ; the skin livid and pale and the 
 tongue dry and parched. The patient breaks into a cold sweat and has 
 watery diarrhea. As the end approaches the pulse is exceedingly wiry. In 
 septic cases the pain is absent in the majority pi cases. It runs a rapid 
 course. As a rule in well developed cases the patient does not live long. 
 
166 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment — Find the cause and treat accordingly. Hypo- 
 dermic injections of morphine may be necessary to relieve the pain but enough 
 morphine should not be given to mask the symptoms. An operation may be 
 resorted to in some cases. Apply a counter irritant over the abdomen. In 
 some cases leeches are used and in others a light mustard plaster. The thirst 
 is relieved by small pieces of ice; or, better still, by rinsing the mouth with 
 glycerine, 1 part; and vjrater, to which has been added a few drops of lemon 
 juice, 3 parts. Liquids increase the vomiting. Fomentations are good in 
 some cases. Keep the kidneys working well. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The second dilution of Aconite is used in the 
 first stages and the second dilution of Bryonia is used afterward. When the 
 patient is very thirsty, restless, vomits, and has a watery burning diarrhea, 
 the third trituration of Arsenicum is used. When there is miich sticky and 
 bad smelling sweat and painful diarrhea, then the third trituration of Mer- 
 curius is the medicine to use. 
 
 DROPSY OF THE ABDOMEN. 
 Ascites. 
 
 Description. — This is a serous or watery fluid in the abdomen. 
 
 Causes.— The causes are diseases of the liver (cirrhosis), tuberculous 
 peritonitis, growths of the ovaries and malignant growths obstructing the 
 circulation. v 
 
 Symptoms. — There is first an enlargement of the lower part of the ab- 
 domen and the sides. 
 
 Treatment. — If it is due to cirrhosis of the liver little can be done for it. 
 Tapping may be resorted to. If it is caused by heart disease treat with 
 rest, digitalis, and saline purges. If caused by a tumor of the ovary or other 
 malignant growth an operation should be performed early. 
 
 FALLEN BOWEL. 
 Prolapsus Ani. 
 
 Description. — This is when a part of the bowel hangs out. 
 TREATMENT. 
 
 Manual Treatment. — Place the patient on his side, oil the tumor well, 
 and then press it back gently with a soft towel. If this fails, cover the 
 finger and introduce it gently within the bowel, gently pressing the tumor up. 
 
 General Treatment. — Remove the cause if possible. Give iron tonics 
 and cod liver oil. This will regulate the bowels. Stools should be passed 
 with the child lying on its side and when the bowels come out, push them 
 gently back and keep them in place with a bandage. Keep the buttocks to- 
 gether with a strong strip of adhesive plaster, in children. 
 
 FISSURE. 
 
 Causes. — This is an ulceration of the anus which is sometimes caused 
 by piles and by constipation. 
 
 Symptoms. — The pain after evacuating the bowels continues for several 
 hours instead of for a short time as in piles. 
 
 Treatment. — Open the bowels daily with a mild laxative like castor oil. 
 Afterwards wash the parts with soap and water and apply the following 
 ointment. Take 4 grains of calomel, 2 grains of powdered opium, 2 grains of 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 167 
 
 extract of belladonna and 1 dram of simple ointment. Mix these thoroughly, 
 spread the ointment on a piece of lint and put on the fissure. Also, you can 
 touch the ulcer and fissure with a sharp pointed stick of nitrate of silver once 
 a day or once every other day. 
 
 ISCHIO-RECTAL ABSCESS. 
 
 This causes severe pain. It is felt on one side of the anus, or opening of 
 the lower bowel, as a hard brawny mass, having, as it softens, a red surface. 
 It may burst externally or it may burst into the bowel. 
 
 Treatment. — Apply a poultice and open the abscess. Introduce the finger 
 or curette and scrape it out. Afterwards wash it out thoroughly with some 
 antiseptic solution and stuff it full with gauze and keep washing it out and 
 packing with gauze until it is thoroughly healed. Early and free opening 
 will prevent a fistula in the bowel. 
 
 FISTULA OF THE BOWEL. 
 
 Usually this has one opening in the bowel (rectum) and one in the skin 
 as the result of the abscess. The more severe forms are outside the sphincter, 
 the inner opening being from % to l^/a inches from the edge of the anus. 
 Operation is the treatment jf it bothers much, but it is surprising how many 
 of them do not bother much. Keep the bowels open with mild laxatives. 
 
 TUMORS OF THE RECTUM. 
 
 Cancer is generally of the epithelial form. The only treatment is opera- 
 tion. Sometimes there are warty growths and they may be of large size. 
 They may not bother but if they do they should be taken off. 
 
 EXTERNAL PILES. 
 
 These are situated about the anus and outside the bowel. 
 
 Causes. — They are due to a varicose or congested condition of the veins 
 near the surface and about the anus. They are bluish, soft, round lumps out- 
 side the anus. Sometimes they are large, full and inflamed and when the 
 bowels move they cause great pain. They generally subside in a few days. 
 
 Treatment. — Overcome the constipation with senna and sulphur, com- 
 pound licorice powder, cascara, etc. For the pain use equal parts of chloro- 
 form and sweet oil. Apply with a cloth. (See " People's Home Remedies for 
 Piles.") 
 
 INTERNAL OR BLEEDING PILES. 
 
 Description. — These are situated within the bowel and are more serious 
 and troublesome than the external ones. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is constant bleeding from the rectum and this bleeding 
 is increased by movements of the bowels. Sometimes the piles protrude and 
 drag the bowel with them, thus causing falling of. the bowel. Sometimes 
 when they protrude they are held by the sphincter muscle and do not go back 
 and then they cause great pain. They may then slough and produce a natural 
 cure. This is quite painful. 
 
 Treatment. — Overcome the constipation but do not cause diarrhea. Use 
 compound licorice powder, pills, or an enema if the patient can stand it. 
 Wash and grease the protruding piles after a bowel movement and then care- 
 fully return them. 
 
 Sometimes an operation is necessary. Suppositories are good. Pine- 
 
168 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 oline salve put on the pile internally and externally is good. Chopped raisins 
 and tobacco mixed with lard is also a good remedy. Touch internal piles 
 with tincture of iodine. 
 
 Take the inner bark of white oak, boil in water until it is quite strong, 
 mix with vaseline, and apply to the piles both externally and internally. (See 
 " People's Home Remedies for Piles.") 
 
 ITCHING PILES. 
 
 Causes and Symptoms. — The itching may be caused by pin worms, small 
 external piles or eczema. In some cases it is a nerve trouble and there is 
 no local inflammation to be made out, the skin about the anus having a dead, 
 white, parchment-like look. These cases are difficult to cure. The irritation 
 is worse at night and the itching is almost unbearable. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Get rid of the causes such as thread worms, etc. If the part is too moist, 
 use soothing applications such as a solution of lead. If the parts are too dry, 
 use oil of cadi. Keep' the buttocks apart and this may be done with a pledget 
 of fine oakum. 
 
 Eqtial parts of pineoline and Webb's ointment is also good for some cases. ' 
 Another good remedy is a mixture of % ounce of unguentum hydrargyri 
 ammoniat, 2 drams diachylon, 1 dram anthrasol, 6 grains carbolic acid and 
 1 dram of unguent aqua rosse. 
 
 For neurotic cases, or those caused by nervous trouble, keep the bowels 
 regular, stop liquors and tobacco and live^plainly. Fine oakum may be applied» 
 with citrine ointment, oleate of mercury, or carbolized vaseline. (See "Peo- 
 ple's Home Remedies for Piles.") 
 
 HEMORRHOIDS. 
 
 For painful piles use the following prescription. Take % dram of 
 extract of opium, 5 to 8 grains of cocaine hydrochlorate, 15 grains of menthol, 
 and 1 ounce of ungt. zinc oxide. Mix and apply to the piles occasionally. 
 This is also good for fissure and eczema. (See " People's Home Remedies 
 for Piles.") 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PILES. 
 
 1. Horse Chestnuts and Lard. — Remove the shells from 6 horse chest- 
 nuts, or buckeyes; chop them fine, add enottgh lard to just cover the 
 nuts ; and let them stand for an hour near the fire. Strain, and when cool 
 apply the lard or ointment to the parts twice a day. This is a very valuable 
 remedy for piles. 
 
 2. Butter, Turpentine and Salt. — Make an ointment by taking 1 table- 
 spoonful of fresh butter and 2 teaspoonfuls of turpentine, adding a little salt. 
 Several times a day apply this ointment either outside or inside the rectum. 
 This is a very fine remedy for piles and is well worth trying. 
 
 3. Tar and Lard. — Wash the parts twice a day with castile soap and 
 water and apply an ointment made of two tablespoonfuls of tar and eight 
 rounded teaspoonfuls of lard. 
 
 4. Alum and Lard. — Make an ointment of 1% ounces of lard and a 
 dram of finely powdered alum. This is a very fine pile remedy. 
 
 5. Tannic Acid, Carbolic Acid, Borax and Vaseline. — Apply the fol- 
 lowing ointment to the bowel twice a day. Take tannic acid, 15 grains; 
 carbolic acid, 30 drops ; pulverized borax, 10 grains and vaseline, 3 ounces. 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES. 169 
 
 Apply to the parts two or three times daily and take cream of tartar or some 
 other mild laxative. 
 
 6. Indian Pile Ointment. — Take, say a teacupful of hog's lard, more 
 or less; put into a flat tin or dish and take two bars of lead, flattened a little, 
 and rub the lard with the flat ends and between them until it becomes black 
 or of a dark lead color. Then burn equal parts of cavendish tobacco and old 
 shoe leather, in an iron vessel, to a charred powder and mix into the lard 
 until it becomes a thick ointment. Use once or twice a day as an ointment 
 for the piles. It is a never failing cure. 
 
 7. Sulphur and Lard. — For blind or bleeding piles apply an ointment 
 made by taking 1 dram of sulphur and 2 ounces of lard. Rub this mixture 
 between two flat pieces of lead until the ointment is blackened. 
 
 8. Tobacco. — Tobacco ointment is a great pile remedy. 
 
 9. Raisins, Tobacco and Lard. — Equal parts of chopped raisins, tobacco 
 and lard makes one of the best remedies known for piles. 
 
 10. Witch Hazel, Apple Tree Bark, White Oak Bark and Lard.— Make 
 a decoction of witch hazel, apple tree bark, and white oak bark, and mix 
 with lard to make a salve. This is very good for piles. 
 
 11. Solomon's Seal. — Bruise some Solomon's seal root and apply to the 
 piles. 
 
 13. Cranesbill. — Make a strong decoction of cranesbill and use as an 
 injection. It should be retained in the bowel for some time. 
 
 13. Cream of Tartar, Sulphur, Etc. — Take 1 ounce each of cream of tartar 
 and sulphur and 3 ounces of confection of senna. Add enough syrup of 
 ginger to ma;ke a paste. Of this take a piece the size of a small hickory nut 
 often enough to cause a natural movement of the bowels once a day. Apply 
 cold cream, tallow or lard locally to relieve the irritation. 
 
 14. Cold Water and Witch Hazel. — It is sometimes beneficial to wash 
 with cold water or take cool sitting baths. If there is much bleeding give 
 injections of cold water or witch hazel. 
 
 15. Poultice. — If there is much inflammation apply a poultice made of 
 sulphur, stramonium leaves and slippery elm bark. 
 
 16. Cream of Tartar and Molasses. — A teaspoonful of cream of tartar 
 taken in a little molasses is an excellent remedy. It keeps the bowels regular. 
 
 17. Sulphur and Cream of Tartar. — Take sulphur and cream of tartar in 
 equal parts. A teaspoonful once a day is very effective. While using this 
 remedy it is also well for the patient to drink a tea made of mullein and elder. 
 
 18. Hops, Tansy, Poke Leaves, Etc.— In blind piles a cure is often 
 effected by sitting over a hot decoction of hops, tansy, poke leaves or other 
 bitter herbs until the parts are well steamed. A poultice of equal parts of 
 lobelia leaves and elm bark is also good as is also a poultice of poke leaves. 
 
 19. Witch Hazel.— Take a teaspoonful of witch hazel every 3 or 4 hours 
 and at the same time bathe the external parts freely with the same remedy. 
 This is very effectual in many cases. 
 
DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 
 
 Including Disease of the Bile Passages, Gall Bladder and Pancreas. 
 
 Description and Location of Liver. — The liver is situated high up on the 
 right side and its lower border corresponds to the lower edge of the ribs 
 on the right side. It is of a dark red color. It measures 6 or 7 inches from 
 front to back and about 13 inches from side to side and is about 4^/^ inches 
 thick in the thickest part. It is divided into two lobes, the right lobe being 
 much the larger. The liver weighs between 3 and 4 pounds and is the largest 
 gland in the body. 
 
 Description and Location of Gall Bladder. — The gall bladder is on the 
 right side. It is a pear shaped sac about an inch in breadth, four inches long, 
 and holding a little more than an ounce. It is a storage place for the bile. 
 The ducts or tubes leading from it join those leading from the liver and 
 enter the bowel about 3i^ inches below the stomach. 
 
 Description and Location of Pancreas. — The pancreas lies behind and 
 below the stomach and belongs to the digestive system. It furnishes pan» 
 creatin which aids in digestion. The pancreas is 6 or 8 inches long, about 
 1^4 inches wide and weighs between 3 and 6 ounces. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. 
 Liver Abscess. 
 
 Causes. — This may be due to injuries such as knife wounds, etc. ; to 
 dysentery; or to inflammation of the portal vein or bile ducts. Tropical ab- 
 scess is a disease found in India. 
 
 Ssrmptoms. — There is enlarged liver, fever, and pain. The dyspeptic 
 symptoms are marked. The fever runs high and the patient is yellow and 
 generally sweats. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep up the strength with good foods and with iron- 
 and arsenic and if it is a single abscess it should be opened and drained. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Warm Bath and Hot Drinks. — For mild cases of inflammation of 
 the liver have the patient take a warm bath, go to bed and take warm drinks 
 until he perspires freely. 
 
 2. Dandelion. — Take extract of dandelion in 5-grain doses 4 times a 
 day. It can be made into pill form and is an excellent tonic for the liver. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Dandelion is an alterative and also a laxative. 
 
 3. Buttermilk. — Liver complaint may be remedied by drinking a cup- 
 ful of buttermilk every day. 
 
 4. Decoction of Dandelion. — Make a strong decoction of dandelion and 
 take a teaspoonful twice a day. Dandelion is one of the best liver remedies 
 known and is much used by physicians. 
 
 5. Salt Water and Lard. — If the complaint is attended with a costive 
 condition of thfe bowels give an injection of 1 pint of warm water, 1 table- 
 spoonful of salt and 1 teaspoonful of hog's lard. 
 
 170 
 
DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 171 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This relieves the congestion of the liver by remov- 
 ing the constipation. 
 
 CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER. 
 
 Description. — This consists of an overgrowth of connective tissue in th6 
 liver. Sometimes it finally shrinks and in other cases it becomes enlarged. 
 This tissue presses upon the liver tissue and interferes with the proper action 
 of the liver. 
 
 Causes. — The shrinking kind is caused by chronic alcoholism and lead 
 poisoning. 
 
 Symptoms — There is stomach trouble and dropsy. 
 
 Treatment. — If it is caused by alcohol the patient should quit drinking 
 alcoholic liquors. Each morning the bowels should be moved with Hunyadi 
 or Carlsbad water and a few drops of Fowler's solution should be taken for 
 the nausea and lack of appetite. During meals the patient should take the 
 following. With each meal take 2 grains each of pancreatin, taka-diastase, 
 and baking soda. Tapping is the best thing for the dropsy. 
 
 ENLARGEMENT AND HARDENING OF THE LIVER. 
 Hypertrophic Cirrhosis. 
 Symptoms. — The liver is enlarged and frequently extends below the 
 navel. Jaundice is generally present. 
 Treatment. — ^There is no cure for it. 
 
 CIRRHOSIS OR HARDENING OF THE CAPSULE. 
 
 This capsule is the connective tissue surrounding the artery, vein and 
 duct, of the liver. The disease is very rare. It frequently results from other 
 diseases. 
 
 AMYLOID LIVER. 
 
 This is caused by a starch-like deposit in the liver. It generally comes 
 from other diseases. 
 
 TUMORS OF THE LIVER. 
 Cancer of the Liver. 
 Cancers of the liver are very rare and generally come from cancers of 
 other parts. They are fatal. 
 
 ACUTE YELLOW ATROPHY OF THE LIVER. 
 
 Description. — In this disease there is fatty degeneration of the liver and 
 the patient has violent headache and delirium. Atrophy means " dwindling." 
 The disease is very rare. 
 
 Causes. — The cause is not known. The disease is more frequent in 
 women than in men. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is jaundice, severe headache, vomiting and finally 
 delirium, muscular tremors, convulsions, and death. Death is nearly always 
 the result. I know of one case where the disease followed an operation in 
 another part of the body. 
 
 JAUNDICE. 
 Catarrh or Inflammation of the Bile Ducts. 
 
 Inflammation sometimes entirely closes the bile ducts and then we have 
 jaundice. 
 
173 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Causes. — ^The disease nearly always arises from inflammation of the 
 duodenum, or first part of the intestine ; from cold ; heavy eatingf and drink- 
 ing.; or, froni a malignant growth. Gall stones, fright, anger and pneumonia 
 are other causes. 
 
 Symptoms. — These vary greatly. They are well marked in some persons 
 and in others so slight that they are not noticed. Sometimes the patient is 
 wretchedly ill, has headache, and is Very weak. The stools are like putty and 
 the urine like porter. The pulse and respiration are remarkably slow and the 
 temperature may be below normal or it may be up to 103 degrees or more. 
 In older persons and particularly if the jaundice develops slowly there is a 
 possibility of a malignant growth being present. If there is a distinct en- 
 largement of the gall bladder it is probably cancer. In other cases, when 
 jaundice comes on suddenly, the cause may be gall stones and in such cases 
 the patient has generally been previously troubled with gall stone colic. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Keep the kidneys acting freely by giving largely 
 of vichy water and 5 grains of carbonate of potash may be added if necessary. 
 For constipation give from 30 grains to a dram of sodium phosphate in half 
 a glass of water every hour or two until the bowels are thoroughly moved. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment — Give the third trituration of Mercurius Sol. 
 Take a tablet every 1 to 3 hours. Tincture of Myrica Cerifera (bayberry) 
 is also a splendid remedy. Give 8 drops every 3 or 3 hours. 
 
 A few years ago I had a case of jaundice that did not yield to the , 
 regular treatment. I was in the hospital at the time and spoke of the case 
 to Dr. Hinsdale, Dean of the Department, to whom I was then an assistant. 
 He advised me to use the tincture of Myrica Cerifera in 1 to 3-drop doses 
 every few hours. I tried the remedy and the patient was helped immediately. 
 Dr. Hinsdale had found this remedy useful in his previous practice though it 
 is not mentioned in the books for this trouble. The tincture of Myrica Cerifera 
 is made from the bark of bayberry. If desired a. tea may be made of this 
 bark and used in the place of the tincture. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — The patient should have rest. Apply hot water 
 cloths over the liver and renew as rapidly as they cool. Keep the kidneys 
 in good working order. Avoid all fat foods and rich milk is not very good. 
 Eat nutritious broths, thickened with barley or rice, with a little salt added. 
 These should be partly digested with pancreatin. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Thoroughwort Tea and Baking Soda. — ^In case of jaundice, drink 
 freely every day of thoroughwort tea. Baking soda taken before meals is 
 also a good remedy. 
 
 3. Barberry and Cider. — A valuable remedy for jaundice is the inner 
 bark of barberry steeped in cider. 
 
 3 Wild Cherry Bark, Sheep Laurel Leaves, Etc. — Take 1 ounce of 
 coarse powder of wild cherry bark, sheep laurel leaves, barberry bark, and 
 bitter root; put into 3 quarts of pure cider; mix, and let stand for several 
 hours. Give a teaspoonful 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — ^The wild cherry assists in digestion, the laurel and 
 barberry are alteratives and act upon the liver, and the bitter root is a cathar- 
 tic and diuretic, 
 
 4. Peach Leaves. — Make a strong tea of peach leaves and drink half 
 a pint daily. 
 
DISEASES OF THE^ LIVER. 173 
 
 5. Wild Cherry and Peach Tree Bark.— With gin make some bitters 
 of wild cherry bark and the bark of the root of the peach tree and drink freely 
 several times a day. 
 
 CHRONIC JAUNDICE. 
 
 Causes. — This is commonly due to obstruction in the ducts by gall stones, 
 growths, or stricture. 
 
 Symptoms. — The patient has fever, sweats, and persistent jaundice. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 _ Remove the cause if possible and relieve the constipation. Apply tincture 
 of iodine over the liver. This must be kept up for a long time. Fever indi- 
 cates pus. An operation may be necessary to remove the obstruction. Milk 
 and fatty foods are hard for a patient with this disease to digest. 
 
 SUPPURATION OF THE BILE DUCTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is fever, jaundice and an enlarged and very tender 
 liver. The patient sweats profusely and loses flesh rapidly because of the 
 pus. There is not much severe pain. 
 
 Treatment. — An operation is necessary to let the pus out. 
 
 ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE GALL BLADDER. 
 Acute Cholecystitis. 
 
 Cause. — Gall stones. 
 
 S3miptoms. — The symptoms vary in severity from a slight discomfort 
 and soreness to violent and alarming pain and collapse. There is tenderness 
 on the right side about the region of the gall bladder. The pain is felt under 
 the ribs. Fever is often ushered in by a chill. When it develops suddenly, 
 as it frequently does, the patient may be seized with, sickness at the stomach 
 and vomiting. There is threatened collapse and a rapid pulse. The abdomen 
 is distended and its walls tight and hard. Gall stones may be mistaken for 
 appendicitis. When the patient has gall stone colic he has generally been 
 troubled with gall stones before. 
 
 Treatment. — An operation will probably be required; or, if temporary 
 measures are used, the patient should rest in bed and there should be counter- 
 irritation over the region of the gall bladder. Give salts. Morphine is not 
 often used but it may be necessary for the terrible pain. 
 
 GALL STONES— CHOLELITHIASIS. 
 
 This is when there are gall stones in the gall bladder or bile passages. 
 
 Symptoms. — Many never know they have this disease. It is commonly 
 met with after the 40th year and more than three-fourths of the cases occur 
 in women. Only about five per cent, suffer from distinct symptoms due to 
 this cause. Symptoms of biliary colic usually consist of severe pain which 
 amounts to agony in some cases. Occasionally the pains are very moderate. 
 The patient vomits and sweats profusely and often after an attack a slight 
 jaundice may appear. As a rule the attacks last but a few hours. 
 
 Treatment. — Give a hypodermic injection of % grain of morphine with 
 1/130 of a grain of atropine. If the first injection does not give relief it may 
 be repeated without the atropine in 15 or 20 minutes. Use olive oil regularly 
 in large doses for a long time. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR GALL STONES.— 
 
 1, Bark of Sweet Apple Tree. — Perhaps the best remedy known for 
 
174 THE, PEOPLE*S HOME MEDlCAL SOOlt. 
 
 gall stones is made from the bark of the root of the sweet apple tree. The 
 bark should be taken early in the spring or late in the fall when there is no 
 sap rising in the tree. Put half a pound of the bark into a large bottle con- 
 taining a pint of alcohol and let it stand for two or three weeks, occasionally 
 shaking it so that all the strength is drawn out. Of this take a teaspoonful 
 3 or 4 times a day in a little sweetened water. 
 
 2. Olive Oil. — ^Take large doses of olive oil. Continue until cured. 
 
 3. Dover's Powder. — Give full doses of Dover's powder to relieve the 
 spasm caused by gall stones. 
 
 MALIGNANT GROWTHS IN GALL BLADDER. 
 
 There are sometimes malignant growths in the gall bladder as there are 
 in other organs. It will not be necessary to treat of them. 
 
 JAUNDICE OF NEW BORN INFANT. 
 Icterus Neonatorum. 
 This usually appears the third or fourth day. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Give the third trituration of Mercurius. Give 
 1 tablet every three hours. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE PANCREAS. 
 Pancreatitis. 
 This disease is hard to diagnose. The acute disease is a very serious 
 thing. Malignant growths also occur in the pancreas. 
 
 BILIOUSNESS. 
 Congestion of the Liver. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is some headache, a yellow coated tongue, a bitter 
 taste in the mouth, and the whites of the eyes may be ot a yellowish color. 
 There may be sickness at the stomach, vomiting and constipation. The liver 
 may be slightly swollen and a little tender to the touch. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive Treatment — ^To keep off biliousness mix 15 grains of extract 
 chiratse, 4 grains podophyllin, 8 grains euonymin and 8 grains leptandrin; 
 make into 20 pills and take one at night. 
 
 Herb Remedies. — A tea made of golden seal is good for a torpid liver. 
 Also a tea made of culver's root is good for the same thing. Use the dried root 
 in making the tea and take a teaspoonful every two hours. 
 
 Take equal parts of blue flag root, mandrake, and prickly ash bark. 
 Grind all together and give 5 to 10 grains every 3 or 3 hours. Do not take 
 enough to physic. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment — If the stools are light, give 1/6 grain of calomel 
 in powder every 15 minutes until 6 doses have been taken. Follow in 4 
 hours with salts. Give podophyllin if the stools are dark. The dose is 1/6 of 
 a grain. If the attack is sudden give salts so as to sweep out poisonous food, 
 etc. If the face is flushed apply a mustard plaster to the nape of the neck. 
 
 Or, you may give phosphate of sodium in from 30 to 60 grain doses every 
 hour or two until the bowels move freely. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — You can alternate the third trituration of 
 Nux Vomica and the third trituration of Mercurius every hour for one day. 
 
DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 175 
 
 This often cures without moving the bowels. Use an enema if you do not 
 wish to take medicine to move the bowels. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — When one is bilious the best plan is to go a day, 
 if possible, without eating anything. Drink plenty of water either hot or cold. 
 You will not feel like eating. Biliousness is frequently caused by over eating 
 or eating or drinking improper things. Stimulating foods and drinks some- 
 times produce it. The bowels should move freely and when one has a torpid 
 liver attention must be given to the bowels. One can not feel well when the 
 bowels are constipated and especially if they have generally been regular. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Fasting. — You will avoid biliousness by fasting two or three meals 
 whenever the taste is bad or the tongue coated. This treatment would 
 save many doctor bills. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This allows the stomach and liver to rest and thus 
 the congestion is relieved. This is very good advice. 
 
 2. Lemon Juice- — Drink lemon juice in a glass of water once or twice 
 a day. Do not sweeten. 
 
 3. Hot Water and Lemons. — Drink a cup of hot water before breakfast 
 every morning and eat lemons frequently. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The hot water washes out the stomach. 
 
 4. Tomatoes. — For some people plenty of tomatoes either raw or canned 
 are good. 
 
 5. Licorice. — Take a teaspoonful of licorice powder in a little cold 
 water before going to bed. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Licorice is laxative and regulates the bowels of 
 constipated people and in this way it is good for biliousness. 
 
 6. Lemon Peel, Cream of "Tartar, Loaf Sugar, Etc. — For bilious fever 
 sponge the patient two or three times daily with either warm or cold water 
 as he desires and give the following drink. Take 3 ounces of bruised lemon 
 peel, 1/4 ounce of cream of tartar, 2 ounces of loaf sugar, and 1% pints of 
 boiling water. Vomiting may be stopped with equal parts of milk and lime 
 water. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Lemon acts upon the liver and cream of tartar on 
 the bowels and kidneys. 
 
 7. Diet. — A plain diet of bread, milk, oatmeal, vegetables and fruit 
 with lean meat and fresh fish, is best. Exercise in the open air. The victim 
 of an acute attack will be righted by — first, abstinence; second, porridge 
 and milk; third, toast, a little meat, fish and ripe fruit; thus coming to 
 solid food gradually. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is good advice to follow as to diet. 
 
DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER. 
 
 DROPSY. 
 
 Edema. 
 
 This was once thought to be a disease but it is only a symptom of 
 many diseases of the kidneys, of other organs and of the circulation. It may 
 be either general or local. General dropsy is called " anasarca." When there 
 is liquid in the abdominal cavity it is called " ascites ;" in the chest, " hydro- 
 thorax ;" and in the brain cavity, " hydro-cephalus." 
 
 Treatment. — When it comes from disease of the heart you must treat 
 that organ. An infusion of digitalis is then generally good. Ascites, or liquid 
 in the abdomen, may be due to diseases of the ovaries, liver, malignant 
 growth, etc. The malignant growth should be removed if possible. Dropsy 
 may be due to the kidneys, scarlet fever and heart disease. So the disease 
 instead of the dropsy must be treated. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Broom Tea and Cream of Tartar. — Pour a pint of boiling water on 
 a handful of the common herb called broom. The green tops of the broom 
 should be used and the whole should be placed near the fire for several hours. 
 Give a teaspoonful of cream of tartar to keep the bowels open. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The broom increases the flow of urine and does 
 good in this way. 
 
 3. Milk Weed, Horseradish, Elder Bark, Etc. — Here is an excellent pre- 
 scription which was taken from an old medical work and it will be found very 
 effective in dropsy of the chest. Take 1 ounce each of milk weed root, horse- 
 radish, mandrake root, black elder bark, juniper berries, root or bark of the 
 dwarf elder, and bark from the root of bitter sweet. Add y^ ounce of mustard ; 
 press all together and pour on 1 gallon of hard cider. Take a wineglassful 
 on an empty stom.ach three times a day. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This is quite an active diuretic (acts on the kid- 
 neys) and causes an increased flow of urine. Some of the ingredients also 
 act on the liver and bowels. 
 
 3. Parsley Root. — A tea made of fresh parsley root is often used to 
 advantage for dropsy of the abdomen. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This is slightly laxative but it does the work by 
 its greater action on the kidneys. 
 
 4. Mustard Seed, Juniper Berries, Ginger, Etc. — Take half an ounce each 
 of mustard seed, bruised juniper berries and ginger and an ounce each of 
 parsley root and horseradish. Steep in a quart of old cider and take a wine- 
 glassful 3 times a day. 
 
 5. Corn Silk, Dandelion, Etc. — ^The following is good in dropsy of the 
 lower extremities from heart disease. Fluid extract of corn silk, 1% ounces ; 
 fluid extract of dandelion, 3 ounces ; infusion of digitalis, 3 ounces ; mix, and 
 take 2 teaspoonfuls in water every 3 to 4 hours. 
 
 6. Corn Silk, Cream of Tartar and Sweet Spirits of Nitre. — This pre- 
 scription is for dropsy of the lower extremities caused by heart disease. Tak^ 
 
 J76 
 
DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER. 177 
 
 3 ounces of fluid extract of com silk, 3 drams of cream of tartar, '4, ounces of 
 Bweet spirits of nitre ; mix, and take 2 teaspoonfuls every 3 to 3 hours. 
 
 7. Dandelion Tea. — ^Wash and cut up a large double handful of dande- 
 lion roots and let them stand for a couple of hours in boiling water. During 
 the day the patient should take 3 or 3 cupfuls of the decoction. 
 
 CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS. 
 Acute Hyperemieu 
 Causes. — It is caused by medicines like cant^harides, turpentine, copaiba, 
 cubebs, anaesthetics and especially ether. Injuries to the back and the chill- 
 ing of the skin also cause it. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a tired feeling, pain in the back and a slight fever. 
 The urine is scanty, dark in color, and of a high specific gravity. The patient 
 generally improves before long. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Absolute rest in bed. Give 2 teaspoonfuls of 
 solution of acetate of potash with 1 teaspoonful of sweet spirits of nitre at 
 each dose. Give every two hours. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment — Give the second dilution of Aconite at the 
 beginning. Put 10 or 15 drops into a glass half full of water and give 1 or 3 
 teaspoonfuls every 1 to 3 hours. 
 
 Common Remedies. — Poland water, watermelon seed tea, pumpkin seed 
 tea and flaxseed tea are all good. 
 
 CHRONIC CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS. 
 
 This frequently comes with diseases of the heart, lungs, and liver and 
 sometimes follpws the acute form and is usually more common. 
 
 Symptoms! — Albumin found in the urine is a prominent symptom. The 
 amount of urine passed may be scanty. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Treat the conditions that cause it. The patient should 
 have absolute rest in bed. Apply hot compresses over the kidneys. Cupping 
 is another treatmefit. 
 
 Cupping. — Cupping is either wet or dry. Dry cupping can be done with 
 a small tumbler or a wine glass. Moisten the inside with a little alcohol or 
 whiskey, light this, and at once apply, holding it firmly over the part. As the 
 air in the glass cools it will " suck " owing to the contraction of the air. This 
 draws blood to the parts. Remove the glass by tilting it while pressing the 
 skin down on one side. For wet cupping the skin should first be congested 
 with dry cupping, then parallel incisions, or cuts, should be made in the skin 
 with a lancet point and at once the cup should be applied as before. When 
 the cup has ceased to fill with blood, remove it and empty it and apply again" 
 until enough blood has been drawn. Then wash the parts with some mijd 
 antiseptic solution and cover with dry clean cloths. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Give the fluid extract of apocynum cannabinum 
 in from 5 to 10-drop doses two or three times a day. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Give the third trituration of Apis Mel. when 
 there is scanty and Straw colored urine. 
 
 Give the third trituration of Arsenicum if there is much thirst and rest- 
 
 lcSStl6SS 
 
 Give the third trituration of Terebinth if bloody urine is passed. 
 X2 
 
178 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 ACUTE BRIGHT'S DISEASE. 
 Acute Nephritis — Inflammation of the KJidneys; — Diffuse Inflammation. 
 
 Causes. — Exposure to wet and cold, extensive burns, scarlet fever, diph- 
 theria, pneumonia, pregnancy, and arsenic and corrosive sublimate poisoning. 
 
 Sj^m'ptoms.^ — Chills, and frequently convulsions, mark the onset. , The 
 fever is from 101 to 103 degrees. Dropsy may soon he a prominent feature. 
 The urine contains albumin. The face is puffed and the ankles are swollen, 
 especially when it comes from scarlet fever and, perhaps, from pregnancy. 
 The result is usually favorable but is worse in young children. 
 
 Treatment. — The patient should rest and take salts for the bowels. He 
 should drink milk and lots of water if there is no dropsy. He should live upon 
 a liquid diet with no spices like pepper or mustard iU the food. Avoid the 
 cold and damp, and sweat the patient if necessary. Place him on a chair in 
 a warm room with a blanket pinned about the neck and hanging to the floor 
 on all sides. Put a hot brick in a pail, of water underneath the patient. Or, 
 you can admit steam from a kettle under a raised cover at the foot of the bed. 
 Do not burn the patient. If the patient is not too weak you can use the corn 
 sweat as described in the Nursing Department. 
 
 CHRONIC BRIGHT'S DISEASE. 
 Chronic Nephritis. 
 
 Description. — ^There are two kinds of this disease. In the parenchymatous 
 kind' there is inflammation of the kidney surface proper and the kidney is 
 enlarged. In the interstitial kind the connective tissue of the kidney is. in- 
 flamed and the kidney is contracted. 
 
 S3miptoms of First Kind. — It may follow the acute Bright's disease and 
 the symptoms abate a little. There is anemia, drops}^ and albumin in the urine 
 and these persist and gradually become more marked. Yet it may come on 
 stealthily with headache and stomach and bowel disturbance. There is less 
 urine and it is of a darker color. It has a heavy sediment and contains al- 
 bumin and casts. There are eye troubles and more or less dropsy. The face 
 fs pallid, the skin of a greasy yellow color, and the breathing difficult. The 
 parts pit on pressure, the heart acts bad, the pulse is rapid, and the patient is 
 sleepy during the day and restless at night. The urine is scanty and its 
 specific gravity high or about 1025. 
 
 Symptoms of the Second Kind. — This is found in busy men who say they 
 are all right. The symptoms show late. The urine is increased in quantity 
 and the amount of albumin is not great. There is frequently dimness or dis- 
 turbance^of sight but not so much general dropsy as in the first kind. Acute 
 attacks of uremia and heart palpitation are not infrequent.' Finally there is 
 more albumin and the heart is weak. Thte specific gravity of the urine is low ; 
 1005 to 1013. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The treatment is largely hygienic. 
 
 Diet. — Drink skimmed milk but not too much. Unskimmed milk is the 
 best if it can be taken. Drugs are of little value. Build up your patient with 
 proper food and care. Watch the stomach and bowels. Use very little beef. 
 Vegetables, starchy and fresh soups, boiled or broiled fish, raw oysters, clams, 
 chicken, fat bacon, cereals, stewed and raw fruits and weak tea and coffee 
 are good- 
 
DISEASES Of "titE KIDNEYS. AND BLADDER. It9 
 
 General Treatment for all ICinds of Bright's Disease. 
 
 Diagnosis. — There is albumin in the urine with casts of the urine-bearing; 
 tubules. The blood vessels are somewhat thickened. There is a greater 
 second sound of the heart in association with the symptoms mentioned. 
 
 Bright's disease is a very serioiis disease but not necessarily .'atal. The 
 treatment of the conditions depends upon the variety of Bright's disease which 
 has caused them and the peculiarities of the person suffering from the attack. 
 When uremia comes on in acute Bright's disease from scarlet fever, put hot 
 compresses across the small of the back and if there is no diarrhea give enough 
 epsom salts to produce several watery passages from the bowels. 
 
 After this has been accomplished give 5 to 10 grains of citrate of potassium 
 dissolved in Poland water, 3 or 4 times daily. If this does not stop the bad 
 symptoms place the patient in a pack. TheiX are two forms of this. If it 
 comes, say from scarlet fever, and the rash has partly disappeared, the skin 
 is hot and dry and the fever high, it is well to wrap the patient in a sheet 
 wrung out of water at 70 or 80 degrees and then immediately surround him 
 with a blanket. 
 
 If no fever is present and the rash has faded, or if it is not advisable to 
 use cold first, the hot pack may be given, the patient being quickly wrapped 
 up in a blanket which has been wrung out of water as hot as the skin can bear. 
 Place outside of this a dry blanket and on the head an ice bag or cold applica- 
 tions to prevent congestion of the brain. Give a few sips pi cold water every 
 few moments to drive the blood from the inner organs to the skin circula- 
 tion so as to cause sweating. The same treatment is to be Used in chronic 
 Bright's disease if these bad symptoms are present. Give drugs to meet 
 the indications. 
 
 • If the uremia is from the second form of Bright's disease (contracted 
 kidney) the same measures may be used. Glonin is especially good for high 
 arteriar tension. Give 1/200 of a grain. If the heart is strong give a hypo- 
 dermic injection of % grain of pilocarpin. Produce sweating. Watch the 
 lUijigs and heart. In a mild case of Bright's disease the patient does not know 
 he has kidney disease. He refers all his bad feelings to his stomach and 
 bowels and sometimes to his heart and, unfortunately, some doctors fail to 
 recognize the true condition. The person suffers from what he thinks is in- 
 digestion. If a person is sick for some time with what he thinks is stomach, 
 bowel or heart trouble he should have his urine examined and it will fre- 
 quently be found that the trouble is with the kidneys. The only time to do 
 anything of value with Bright's disease is at its start. The urine should 
 always be examined and especially in a chronic case of disease. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES-— 
 
 1. White Bean Soup. — Boil a double handful of the pods of the com- 
 mon white soup bean or corn bean in three quarts of water until it is reduced 
 to half the quantity. Let this be the only thing the patient drinks and he 
 should drink freely of it. ' , 
 
 2. Milk, — A New York physician has cured many cases of Bright's 
 disease by putting his patients upon a milk diet alone. Care should be taken 
 to get the purest of milk and the patient should gradually leave off other food 
 and increase the daily amount of milk taken to 5 pints. , 
 
 3. Bread and Milk.— Put the patient on a strict diet of stale bread and 
 skimmed milk. 
 
180 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 UREMIA. 
 
 This term relates to a group of acute and chronic manifestations result- 
 ing from poison in the blood due to the retention in the body of certain pro- 
 ducts of urinary or kidney origin. 
 
 Symptoms of Acute Form. — Very severe nervous symptoms come on 
 suddenly. They last a very short time and may soon terminate fatally with 
 convulsions, coma, difficult breathing, feeble heart action, feeble pulse, fever 
 and lung cedema. Sometimes these symptoms are preceded by mild uremic 
 forerunners such as headache, drowsiness, tired feeling, uneasiness and slight 
 difficulty in breathing. 
 
 Sjmiptoms of Chronic Form. — There is an absence of the above marked 
 symptoms and milder manifestations appear. In this form the general pros- 
 tration, feeble heart, arterial conditions, occasional stupor and delirium, fleet- 
 ing dimness of sight, loathing of food, sickness at the stomach, irregular and 
 hurried breathings and twitching of the muscles indicate the grave condition 
 of the patient. The skin of the face is usually pale in uremic co^ma. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment is given under Bright's disease. Sweating 
 by placing in a warm pack is necessary so as to relieve the kidneys. Cathar- 
 tics shpuld also be given. 
 
 STONE IN THE KIDNEY. 
 Nephro-Lithiasis — Renal Calculus. 
 
 Description. — The stones are formed in the kidneys from solids derived 
 from the urine. They may be present for years without causing any dis- 
 turbance. Sometimes they suddenly cause trouble if the patient suffers from 
 a fall, which causes the stone to damage the lining membrane of the pelvis 
 (part of kidney) and as a result there may be blood in the urine. Or, the 
 stone may be started from its nest and proceed to travel down the small 
 channel from the kidney to the bladder and thus cause an attack of renal colic. 
 The result depends upon the condition of the kidney around the stone. 
 
 Symptoms. — As stated the stones may be in the kidneys for years with- 
 out causing trouble. When they escape into the ureter they cause kidney, or 
 renal, colic. The pain is sometipjes agony and extends into the pelvis and 
 inner side of the thighi and even into the groin or testicle and penis. The 
 bladder may be irritable and there may be blood in the urine. Sometimes 
 there is total suppression (no passing) of urine if both ureters are closed. 
 Then it is very dangerous and an operation must be performed. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Relieve the pain at once by a hypodermic injection of 
 Yi grain of morphine. Between the attacks drink large quantities of pure 
 water like Poland water or one of the Lithia waters, unless the urine is alka- 
 line. If that is the condition drink large quantities of water and take uritone 
 or urotropin or benzoat of ammonia for the purpose of making the urine acid. 
 The dose is from 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 If the urine is extremely acid drink water very freely. It is best also to 
 take from 15 to SO grains of bicarbonate of potassium, 3 or 4 times a day. 
 In other cases give citrate of potassium in 10-grain dosfes. Drink no sweet 
 wines or beer, but a little rye or Scotch whiskey may be taken, but it is better 
 to do without these drinks altogether. Sedentary people should take some 
 exercise. 
 
 Herb Treatment. — Queen of the Meadow made into a tea and drank freely 
 
DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER. 181 
 
 is very good. My wife has a cousin who for years was troubled with kidney 
 colic and " gravel " passing. One time, many years ago, my wife was visiting 
 this cousin when he was taken with this colic. He suffered very much pain. 
 From the description I think it must have been caused by gravel. At the 
 time he was suffering so much, an Indian whom they well knew, happened 
 to stop in and when he saw the distress of the patient and was told the cause 
 he went out into the fields and gathered some Queen of the Meadow (Eupa- 
 torium Furpureum). He made a strong tea of this and had the patient drink 
 freely of it and the result was that he was soon relieved of the pain. He con- 
 tinued taking this remedy for some time and was cured. This was over 30 
 years ago and he is -still living. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — For the bloody urine take the third trituration 
 of Terebinth. Take a tablet every two hours. 
 
 If there is red sand in the urine take the twelfth trituration of Lycopodium 
 in the same way. 
 
 Berberis Vulgaris is a good remedy. Use 2 drops of the tincture every 
 2 hours. 
 
 ABSCESS OF THE KIDNEY, 
 
 Causes. — Blows and infectious fevers. 
 
 Symptoms. — It may develop suddenly but it usually develops gradually. 
 There is constant pain over the kidney and the usual symptoms of blood 
 poisoning. 
 
 Treatment. — ^The treatment is an operation. 
 
 PYELO-NEPHRITIS AND PYELITIS. 
 
 Description. — Pyelo-Nephritis is an inflammation affecting both the 
 pelvis, or sac, of the kidney and the kidney itself. There is usually a pus 
 condition. Pyelitis is an inflammation of the pelvis, or sac, of the kidney only. 
 
 Causes.— Generally due to infection from the bladder or urethra. 
 * Symptoms. — Cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder, may either precede 
 or follow this condition and mask the disease. There is pain and tenderness, 
 in the back over the kidneys and this is perhaps attended with frequent pass- 
 ing of the urine. The urine is acid, contains pus cells and blood cells and 
 epithelium and is usually scanty in the acute form but profuse in chronic 
 pyelitis. 
 
 The result depends upon the cause. In simple pyelitis, occurring during 
 one of the infectious diseases, the outlook is not bad. If the formation of pus 
 is marked the outlook is not good. 
 
 TREATMENT. — For the milder forms use diuretics, apply counter-irrita- 
 tion by cups or heat over the loins, and rest in bed. No highly seasoned food 
 should be allowed. If the urine is acid give alkaline diuretics and salol. If 
 the urine is alkaline give 5 grains of uritone or urotropin 3 or 4 times daily 
 in a glass of good water. Other good remedies are acetate of potash in 5- 
 grain doses, citrate of potash in 10-grain doses and sweet spirits of nitre in 
 1-dram doses. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Use the second dilution of Aconite. Put 10 
 or 15 drops into half a glass of water and give Lor 2 teaspoonfuls every hour 
 to 3 hours. Prepare the third dilution of Belladonna in the same way and it 
 should follow the use of the Aconite. If there, is scanty and painful urination 
 
182 , THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 use the third dilution of Cantharis. Prepare the same as the Aconite. These 
 are very good when used alternately every hour. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS 
 
 AND BLADDER. . 
 
 1. Fomentations of Hops and Tobacco. — If inflammation of the kidneys 
 is caused by the passage of stone, apply warm fomentations of hops and to- 
 bacco leaves over the pain. This may be used in connection with other 
 remedies. 
 
 3. Cider, Horseradish, Etc. — To a quart of sour cider add ati ounce each 
 of bruised horseradish and bruised parsley root and % ounce each of bruised 
 juniper berries, mustard seed, and ginger. Let them stand and steep for 
 several days and take a wineglassful 3 times a day. A man in Pennsylvania 
 who had kidney trouble for years and who had tried several specialists was 
 finally cured with this simple remedy. It will be found excellent for many 
 kinds of kidney ti;ouble. * 
 
 3. Mustard, Hops, Etc. — For inflammation of the kidneys place the feet 
 in hot mustard water and apply a mustard poultice to the small of the back 
 and follow with hot fomentations of hops and stramonium leaves. 
 
 4. Parsley. — This is very good for dropsy and especially dropsy follow-' 
 ing scarlet fever. It is also good for retention of the urine or painful urination. 
 The seeds and leaves povvdered and sprinkled on the head will destroy lice. 
 The dose of the tea is from 3 to 4 ounces 4 times a day and the dose of the 
 oil is from 3 to 5 drops. The tea is made by using from % to 2 ounces of the 
 plant to a pint of boiling water. 
 
 5. Pumpkin Seed Tea. — For congestion of the kidneys and scanty urin- 
 ation a tea made from pumpkin seeds will be found wonderfully beneficial 
 and is used by many doctors., A tea made from water melon seeds is also good. 
 
 6. Wild Carrot. — Make a tea of the roots and seeds and take from 2 to 
 4 ounces 3 times a day. This is one of the best remedies known, for dropsy, 
 gravel and urinary troubles generally. 
 
 7. Common Broom. — Take from 2 to 4 ounces of the fresh tops and 
 seeds and make a tea with a pint of boiling water. The dose is 4 ounces every 
 hour or two until the effect is produced. This relieves dropsy.of the chest 
 by increasing the flow of urine. 
 
 8. Scouring Rush. — The tea drank freely is good for dropsy and sup- 
 pressed or bloody urine. 
 
 9. . For Dropsy. — Take 6 quarts- of good cider which is medium hard; 4 
 ounces each of carbonate of iron and the roots and. tops of parsley; and 1. 
 ounce each of juniper berries, squills, white mustard sfeed, mandrake and the 
 root of queen of the meadow. Put all in an un^lazed earthen vessel and cover 
 and allow to infuse for 34 hours. The dose is a wineglassful 3 or 4 times a 
 day. This will be found to be an excellent combination for dropsy. 
 
 10. Queen of the Meadow. — This is an excellent kidney and bladder 
 remedy and is especially good for gravel and bloody and painful urination. 
 It is also good to increase the flow of urine. Th dose of the tea is from 
 2 to 4 ouHceSj 4 times a day. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — I know this to be good and hav? recommended it 
 for stone in the kidneys. Read the Indian ^tory related in treating that dis- 
 ease. ' 
 
 11. Corn Silk. — Make a tea of corn silks and it will be found to be a 
 fine remedy for all kinds of bladder troubles. Use the green silks if possible 
 
DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER. 183 
 
 but the dry silks are also good, Drink freely of the tea. The doctors use 
 this frequently. 
 
 13. Trailing Arbutus. — A, tea made of the leaves may be drank freely. 
 It is good foF gravel and all urinary diseases. 
 
 13. Cleavers. — This is good for suppressed urine and inflammation of the 
 kidneys and bladder. Use 1% ounces of the herb to a pint of warm water 
 and steep for two hours. Take from 1 to 4 ounces, 4 times a day. 
 
 14. Arbutus, Queen of the Meadow, Etc. — Coarsely bruise i/^ ounce each 
 of trailing arbutus, queen of the meadow and marshmallow root ; pour boiHng 
 water and good Holland gin, 1 pint, over the plants and steep with gentle 
 heat in a closed vessel for 6 hours; strain, and sweeten with noney. This is 
 good for gravel and suppressed, painful and high-colored urine. 
 
 15. Juniper Berries. — Make a tea of the berries by using 1 ounce of the 
 , berries to a pint of boiling water and letting them steep from 1 to 2 hours. 
 
 Give from % teaspoonful to 1 ounce every 2 or 4 hours. This is good to in- 
 crease the flow of urine. The dose of the oil of juniper berries may also be 
 used. The dose is 5 drops. 
 
 16. Juniper Berries and Sweet Spirits of Nitre. — Use 5 drops of oil of' 
 juniper berries and 1 teaspoonful of sweet spirits of nitre. This is one, dose 
 and should be given every 3 to 5 hours. This is very good for kidney and 
 bladder troubles when there is not enough urine. 
 
 17. Buchu Leaves. — Use 1 ounce of the leaves to a pint of boiling water 
 and steep from 1 to 3 hours., This, taken freely, is very good for suppressed 
 and painful urination or inflammation of the bladder. 
 
 SUPPRESSION OR RETENTION OF URINE. 
 Anuria. 
 
 This is when no urine is passed. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment depends upon the cause. If it comes from 
 stones an operation will be necessary to remove them. 
 
 ■ Allopathic Treatment. — If from other causes than stones give hypodermic 
 injections every 3 or 4 hours of full doses of nitroglycerin. Give nitrate of 
 potash in 10-grain doses. If the kidneys are much congested apply hot 
 poultices or compresses across the small of the back or resort to oupping as 
 described in treating chronic congestion of the kidneys. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment.^If there is scanty or light-colored urine give 
 the third trituration of Apis. Mel. every half hour or every hour. Give one 
 tablet at a dose. If there is thirst and restlessness give the third trituration 
 of Arsenicum in the same way. 
 
 Physician's' Remarks. — Some years ago a gentleman \yho did not at that 
 time doctor with me met me on the street. He told me his doctor was away 
 and that his baby was troubled in passing water and passed but little. As he 
 was a farmer I asked him if he had any pumpkin seeds. He replied that he had 
 and I told him to make a tea of them and give it to the child. He gave me a 
 queer look as though he thought I was not in earnest. " Oh, oi course," 1 said, 
 " you can come up to the oiiSce and I can give you a prescription and charge 
 you for it but there is nothing that will do more good than pumpkin seed tea." 
 So he agreed to try it. A few days afterward he again met me and said that 
 the child was now all right. He said he had never heard. of that remedy before. 
 There is more medicaj virtue in pumpkin seeds than many think. Medicine 
 made from them is called " pepo " by the doctors but the simple tea is just 
 
184 THE PEOPI^E'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 as effiective. By eating enough of the seeds at night you can stupefy a tape- 
 worm and a cathartic given three or four hours afterwards will generally 
 expel the worm. You would be surprised to know the medical properties 
 of many of these so-called mild remedies. They only need to be' used properly 
 to bring out their unsuspected powers. 
 
 A friend in Pennsylvania wrote me some time ago that he did not pass 
 enough urine and that urination was very painful. I wrote and told him 
 I could send him a prescription but -I advised him to go to the drug store 
 and get a simple remedy — a five-cent package of buchu leaves. Many of 
 these herbs are now put up in this way and are cheap and handy to use. I 
 told him to make a tea of these leaves and drink of it freely. He wrote to me 
 soon afterwards saying he was surprised at the quick and splendid efifect of 
 a remedy apparently so simple. Buchu leaves contain a number of medical 
 constituents. Many simple remedies are just as effective as the more power- 
 ful drugs. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Pumpkin Seed Tea. — ^When used freely this is especially good for 
 children. Cut the seeds and steep for 1 or 2 hours. Give from 1 to 4 tea- 
 spoonfuls at a dose where the urine does not pass freely. This is a very good 
 remedy. 
 
 2. Pumpkin, Watermelon or Cucumber Seeds.-^An excellent remedy is 
 a tea made from either pumpkin, watermelon or cucumber seeds. 
 
 3. Spearmint Tea.^Have the patient drink a pint of spearmint tea to 
 which has been added half a gill of Holland gin and an ounce of spirits of 
 nitre. The Whole of this should be drank within an hour at different times. 
 If one dose is not enough it may be repeated within two hours. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This will be found to be an excellent remedy. 
 
 4. Hops and Lobelia. — If inflammation of the neck of the bladder is the 
 cause of the retention of the urine, remain in a warm foot bath for 'twenty 
 minutes and then apply between the legs a fomentation of equal parts of 
 hops anjd lobelia leaves. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Here is another good remedy. Still others will 
 be found under the home remedies for the diseases of the kidneys and bladder. 
 
 5. Baths and Drinks. — Baths of either cold or warm water are good. 
 Also drink freely of cold water or gum arable water. 
 
 BLOODY URINE. 
 Haematuria. 
 Causes. — Stone, acute fevers, blows, injuries, etc. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The patient should have rest. Counter irritants like 
 mustard, turpentine and cantharides should not be advised and especially in 
 large doses. 
 
 , Homeopathic Treatment. — For weakness from loss of much blood give 
 the second dilution of Chma. 
 PEOPLFS HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Drinks.— ^Give mild drinks such as slippery elm tea. 
 
 LITHURIA. 
 
 This is an excess of uric acid in the urine. 
 
 Treatment. — Give plenty of water and a proper diet. Not too much meat. 
 
DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER. 186 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 
 
 Cystitis. 
 SYMPTOMS.— 
 
 Acute Form. — There is severe pain in the region of the bladder which 
 is worse from pressure or motion. There is frequent and painful urination 
 with straining and a feeling of scalding. The urine is passed drop by drop, 
 is highly colored, hot and sometimes mixed with blood, mucus and pus. 
 
 Symptoms of Chronic Form. — ^This is not so painful. There is frequent 
 urging to pass urine. The urine is cloudy and when poured from one 
 vessel to another it looks like a ropy mass. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Treatment of Acute Form. — Give mild drinks and lots of water. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — For the first stage use the third dilution of 
 Aconite. Put 10 or 15 drops into half a glass of wafer and give 1 or 3 
 teaspoonfuls every 1 to 3 hours. 
 
 Use the third attenuation of Cantharis. This may be alternated with 
 the Aconite if desired. 
 
 If there is bloody urine give a dose pf the third attenuation' of Tere- 
 binth every two hours. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Washing out the bladder with boiled water and 
 some antiseptic like boric acid is very good but must be done carefully and 
 must never be done by one who has not had experience. Ifermanganate of 
 potash is good to put in the water and golden seal is also good and especially 
 when the trouble is more acute. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Whenever injections into the bladder are given 
 they should be done ty one who knows how and is clean and careful. 
 
 1» Teas of Buchu, Pumpkin or Watermelon Seeds. — Give mild drinks 
 such as teas made from buchu leaves or pumpkin or watermelon seeds. 
 
 2. Corn Silk Tea. — Corn silk tea is largely used by physicians for all 
 kinds of bladder trouble. Steep the corn silks' in water and drink freely. The 
 green silks are best but they are good either green or dry. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Yes, this tea will be found very effective. 
 
 3. Flaxseed Tea;-; — Flaxseed tea is good for this and also for kidnev 
 troubles. » 
 
 4. Bean Pods. — Drink a tea made of bean pods for chronic inflammation 
 of the bladder. 
 
 5. Golden Seal. — One of the finest remedies for chronic inflammation 
 of the bladder is a tea made from golden seal roots Carefully inject the 
 warm tea into the bladder once a day., A tea made from equal parts of golden 
 seal, witch hazel and stramonium is better in some cases. 
 
 6 Arnica, Etc. — Carefully give injections of warm water with a few' 
 drops of tincture of arnica, and drink teas of either flaxseed, raarshmallow 
 or peach leaves. 
 
 7. Hot Fomentations. — Apply hot fomentations of hops, tansy, worm- 
 wood or chamomile flowers; use the hot foot bath and give internally some 
 parsley tea with a little spirits of nitre and gin added. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This is a combination of some good remedies and 
 will be found very effective. 
 
 S. Castor Oil. — Take a warm hip bath and a tablespoonful of castor oil. 
 
186^ , THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. , 
 
 Physician's Remark. — By relieving constipation you frequently relieve 
 the trouble. 
 
 Other remedies will be found under the home, remedies for diseases of the 
 kidneys and bladder. 
 
 BED WETTING. 
 Incontinence of Urine — Enuresis. 
 
 Urine, or water, is passed involuntarily at night, usually during the first 
 hours of sleep. ' 
 
 Causes. — It is sometimes caused by stone in the bladder but more fre- 
 quently it is caused in children by worms. 
 TREATMENT.— ' 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — Remove the causes and raise the foot of the 
 bed a little but not too much. Sometimes bed wetting becomes a habit. 
 The child shoulcf be taught to pass water during the day as soon as there 
 is a call of nature. It should not hold the water for a while, then at night 
 it will be aroused and awake when there is a desire to pass water. Do not 
 let the child drink- much liquid at night. Have him sleep on his side with as 
 little clothing as possible. The bowels should be kept regular and he should 
 have a passage every day. See that the private parts are kept clean and 
 then there will be no irritation from that cause. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Give the fluid extract of ergot 3 times a day. 
 Give from 10 to 30 drops according to age. Thirty drops is the dose for 
 a grown person. 
 
 Give from I/2 drop to 5 drops of tincture of belladonna before going to 
 bed. Five drops is the dose for an adult. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Third dilution of Belladonna ; third trituration 
 of Nux Vomica; and the second dilution of Equisetum. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Dandelion or Cherry Bark. — Have the child drink freely of tea made 
 from either dandelion root or cherry bark. 
 
 2. Isinglass. — The following is an excellent remedy for bed wetting. 
 Boil a roll of isinglass (long, staple) in a pint of water until dissolved. Add 
 a pint of sweet milk, bring to a boil, and sweeten with loaf sugar. If made 
 properly it looks like custard. Grate a little nutmeg upoH it. The dose for 
 a grown person is a tumblerful 3 times a day. Give to childreii in proportion 
 to age. 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 HEADACHES. 
 
 There are diflferent kinds of headaches arising from different causes and 
 we will treat each kind .separately. There is the stomach sick headadhe, the 
 bilious sick headache, the nervous, the neuralgic and the catarrhal headacjhe. 
 Each must be treated from the standpoint of original cause if you expect a 
 real cure. Headaches may be caused by disorders of the stonjach, bowels, 
 kidneys, liver or nerves and also by catarrh, weak eyes and female troubles. 
 First find out the CAUSE of your headache and then treat that. 
 
 SICK HEADACHE. 
 Migraine — Hemicrania. 
 
 Causes. — Women and nervous people most frequently suffer with this 
 ailment. It may be caused by womb and ovarian diseases and is frequently 
 hereditary. It may also arise from disorders of the stomach, bowels, liver 
 or kidneys. 
 
 Symptoms. — Every one knows the symptoms of sick headache. It usually 
 starts in the morning and lasts all day and sometimes even for three or four 
 days. It may start in the back of the head and go to the front and settle 
 in or above One eye or even on both sides. It may cause one to see double 
 or to become partially blind. There is often a wave of sick feeling that 
 goes froin the head to the stomach or from the stomach to the head. Some- 
 times, one cannot bear any noise. After a time the person feels sick at the 
 stomach and gets worse and then there is vomiting of a sour vomit and finally 
 there may be bile present in the vomited material. The vomiting gives re- 
 lief if the stomach is full of food but sometimes there is no vomiting. The 
 urine may be scanty. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the stomach, liver, bowels and kidneys working 
 well. ' 
 
 Stomach, and Bowels. — Have at least one passage from the bowels every 
 day because constipation is the cause of a great many sick headaches. Avoid 
 rich greasy foods such as gravies, soups, fried eggs, fried potatoes, fried 
 meats, pork, sausage, liverwurst, pies and cakes. Puddings, fresh bread, hot 
 biscuitSj preserves and too much butter all cause sick headaches. 
 
 Treatment for Kidneys.— If the urine is not right or appears too thin 
 give acetate, bitrate or bi-tartrate of potash in 5 or 10-grain doses with con- 
 siderable water. Give three or four times daily. The urine generally has no 
 color as there are not enough solids cast off. This kind of urine is also seen 
 in nervous headache. 
 
 Treatment for the Liver. — If the liver is persistently inactive take calotnel, 
 blue mass or podophyllin. Many such cases do well if the patient takes 5 
 or 10 grains of blue mass every week or 10 days and follows this with salts 
 in 6 or 7 hours dr sooner. 
 
 Secure plenty of rest and sleep and live an outdoor life as much as pos- 
 
 187 
 
188 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 sible, fbr even with the best care and dieting sick headaches sometimes 
 come but, with proper diet and living, they will come less frequently and 
 not be so severe. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Hunyadi water taken hot and in sips before 
 breakfast will often regulate the bowels and prevent an attack. For the 
 terrible pain use phenacetin or acetanilid in 5-grain doses. The second dose 
 can be taken an hour after the first. Both of these remedies are hard on 
 the heart and care must be exercised in their use. The following prescrip- 
 tion is a good one. Citrate of caffeine, % dram; phenacetin, 1 dram; bicar- 
 bonate of soda, 1 dram ; and aromatic powder, 12 grains ; mix thoroughly and 
 make 13 powders. Take one every 1 to 3 hours. Sometimes it is well to 
 produce vomiting, especially if you can do so by taking a little salt water. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — I have been very successful in treating head- 
 aches with homeopathic medicines and as this is a very common ailment I 
 will give the homeopathic treatment a little more fully than I have for some 
 other diseases. 
 
 Put 3 drops of the tincture of blood root into half a glass of water and 
 take 3 teaspoonfuls of the solution every 15 minutes until relieved. However, 
 I like the homeopathic form of the blood root the better. Put 10 drops of 
 the first dilution of Blood Root into half a glass of water and give 3 teaspoon- 
 fuls every fifteen minutes until relieved. Blood root is especially good when 
 the pain begins on the right side of the neck and passes forward and settles 
 above the right eye and you have a sick stomach. 
 
 If there is no sickness at the stomach but the head is bent forward and it 
 feels as though the brain would fall out of the forehead, then Bryonia is the 
 medicine to use. Put 10 or 15 drops of the second dilution of Bryonia into 
 half a glass of water and give 3 teaspoonfuls every 15 minutes until relieved. 
 
 If there is a dull frontal sick headache with persistent and continued 
 constipation, so-called " drink headache," then use the third trituration of 
 Nux Vomica. If the tincture of Nux Vomica is used, from 1 to 5 drops 
 should be given at a dose. 
 
 BILIOUS SICK HEADACHE. 
 
 Cause. — This is caused by fat, greasy foods or by the presence of men- 
 struation. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Iris, or blue flag, is the treatment for this. 
 Prepare it the same as the blood root is prepared for stomach sick headache 
 and give in the same way. The blood root is for stomach sick headache and 
 the blue flag for bilious sick headache. If you are not sure which you have it is 
 well to alternate these two medicines every ten minutes. This is a very 
 effective treatment. If the headache is due to the presence of menstruation 
 the third dilution of Pulsatilla is good, especially for blondes. Put 10 or 15 
 drops into half a glass of water and give 3 teaspoonfuls every half hour until 
 relieved. 
 
 NEURALGIC HEADACHE. 
 
 While the term " neuralgic headache " is not technically correct we will 
 use it as it is best understood in this way. It is not due to other diseases but 
 it just seems to " come on." Every one knows the symptoms. The pain 
 is sometimes light and again it is quite severe. It is usually one-sided and 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 189 
 
 is frequently caused by taking cold in a hollow tooth. It is well to tone up 
 the system with good tonics. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Spigelia, or pink root, is a good remedy and 
 especially when it is on the left side. Put 10 or 15 drops of the second 
 dilution of Spigelia into half a glass of water and give 2 teaspoonfuls every 
 15 minutes until relieved. 
 
 When it is periodic and comes on at regular hours ; is more in the face ; 
 and the patient is hot, restless and thirsty and a little water satisfies the 
 thirst; then the third trituration of Arsenicum is the medicine to use. 
 
 For congestive headache when the head is throbbing and the eyes are 
 red and sore and cannot bear the light, use the third dilution of Belladonna. 
 Put 10 or 15 drops into half a glass of water and give 2 teaspoonfuls every 
 15 minutes until relieved. The Allopathic treatment and Nursing given under 
 " Nervous Headache " will also apply here. 
 
 NERVOUS HEADACHE. 
 
 Causes. — Nervous headache is a very common trouble and may be caused 
 by over-doing or by excitement. It is common in school children. Weak eyes 
 are the cause when glasses are needed or when poorly fitted glasses are 
 worn. Poor health, worry, trouble and want of sleep are some of the many 
 causes. 
 
 Symptoms. — The. common cry, " I'm so nervous I can't stand it," tells 
 the tale. The head feels so big and heavy that you can scarcely hold it up. 
 You may be sleepy; or, on the other hand, you may be sleepless. Some- 
 times a good restful sleep seems to do a world of good. Some cases are re- 
 lieved by the passing of a considerable quantity of light-colored urine. The 
 arms and legS are heavy and there is a desire to be quiet. Often the legs 
 are so weak that it is painful to walk. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — The Allopathic prescription given in treating sick 
 headache is also good for nervous headache. 
 
 Give from 10 to 15 grains of bromide of potash. This may be re- 
 peated each half hour until 3 doses have been taken. 
 
 One teaspoonful of tincture of hops is good when given every 3 hours. 
 
 A 5-grain tablet of either acetanilid or antikammia may be taken and 
 repeated in 3 hours. These are good remedies but are hard on the heart 
 and should be used carefully. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment — When you are very nervous use the first di- 
 lution of Gelsemium. Put 5 to 10 drops into half a glass of water and 
 take 2 teaspoonfuls at a dose. Repeat every 15 minutes for 4 doses, then 
 every hour. 
 
 The third dilution of Belladonna is especially good when the head beats 
 and throbs. Prepare and give the same as the Gelsemium. 
 
 The second dilution of Coffea prepared and given in the same way is 
 good when it feels as though a nail had been driven into the side of the head. 
 
 The third trituration of Nux Vomica is good for those living a sedentary 
 life and troubled with constipation. 
 
 The sixth trituration of Sepia is good for headache in delicate and sensi-, 
 tive women, especially brunettes, when it comes with scanty menstruation. 
 
 For the headache, when the menstruation is very profuse and too fre- ' 
 quent, give the first dilution of Platina. Give the same as the Gelsemium. 
 
 Natrum Mur. is used when there are headaches from over study. 
 
190 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Spend all the time possible, out of doors. I have 
 had a number of patients tell me that the work of taking care of a hor^se 
 has seemed to benefit them most. No doubt this was partly due to the 
 exercise. When suffering with either nervous or neuralgic headache, bathing 
 the head with warm water and at the same time rubbing the head with the 
 hands often quiets the patient. Sometimes, especially when the head beats 
 hard, the application of cold cloths to the head will give relief. A warm 
 foot bath is then good, also, as it brings the blood to the extremities and re- 
 lieves the congestion in the head. Sometimes a mustard plaster applied to 
 the back of the neck is good. It is well to add the white of an egg to the 
 mustard to prevent blistering. 
 
 It is well to place the patient in a rather dark room where it is quiet 
 and then a strong, healthy, sympathetic person should rub the head with 
 the hands. In some cases. this does much good. The patient needs quiet, 
 rest and sleep during an attack but at other times should have fresh air and 
 exercise. The system generally needs building up. Sometimes these head- 
 aches are due to womb troubles and then these troubles should be attended to. 
 Headache powders and tablets relieve the pain but they are injurious and some- 
 times dangerous. They are hard on both the nerves and the heart and in 
 time will injure any one. 
 
 CATARRHAL HEADACHE. 
 
 Causes. — This is caused by inflammations due to catarrhal conditions of 
 the passages of the head. There are often growths in the nose and throat that 
 need attention. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The pain and inflammation extends from the nose pas- 
 sages to the openings in the skull above the eyes. 
 
 Treatment. — Treat the catarrh. Frequently there are growths in the nose 
 and throat that need to be removed. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR HEADACHES. 
 
 1. Nervous Headache. — Apply a mustard plaster to the temples or back 
 of the neck. 
 
 2. » Sick Headache. — Add a teaspoonful of lemon juice to 3 gills of warm 
 water. Repeat this dose every 15 minutes. Hundreds of cases of sick head- 
 ache are cured with this simple remedy. Let it become more generally known 
 and there will be much less suffering from this sickness. 
 
 3. Congestive Headache. — If the headache is caused by congestion of 
 blood in the head, bathe the head with vinegar and cold water and the feet 
 with warm water. Bathe the temples and forehead with either warm or col(^ 
 water as desired. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This relieves the congestion by drawing the 
 blood away from the head. 
 
 4. Headache with Rheumatism. — For this use the following liniment. 
 Take 3 ounces of saltpeter, 1 quart of brandy, 3 ounces of camphor, and 
 3 "gills of spirits of turpentine. Wet a flannel with this liniment and apply 
 to the head. ' 
 
 5. Headache from Constipation. — Take 1/2 ounce each of mandrake or 
 May apple root, blue flag root, golden seal root, prickly ash bark and yellow 
 puccoon and add Yo gill of beef's gall and % pint of whiskey. Let stand for 
 two weeks and take a teaspoonful 3 or 3 times a day. 
 
 I 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 191 
 
 6. Sour Stomach with Sick Headache. — When there is acidity of the 
 stomach with sick headache add 2 teaspoonfuls of powdered willow charcoal 
 to one-half teacupful of soda water (baking soda) and take at one dose. 
 
 7. Sick Headache. — Have the patient drink sage or pennyroyal tea and 
 give some mild cathartic after the patient has been made to vomit. 
 
 8. Gas on Stomach in Sick Headache. — To half a glass of water add 3 
 teaspoonfuls of powdered charcoal and drink for sick headache. This corrects 
 the stomach which is the seat of the trouble. 
 
 9. Nervous Headache. — This is often instantly relieved by shampooing 
 the head with a quart of cold water in which has been dissolved a dessert 
 spoonful of soda. 
 
 10. Sick Headache. — Bathe the head with cool water. 
 
 11. Brown Paper and Camphor.- — Saturate brown paper with camphor, 
 apply to the head and bind on with a bandage. Repeat every few minutes 
 while the patient is lying down. 
 
 12. Sick Headache. — Drink a cup of coffee to which has been added 
 the juice of a lemon or 2 tablespoonfuls of vinegar. 
 
 13. Rochelle Salts. — Take a teaspoonful of rochelle salts every other 
 night upon retiring. 
 
 14. Hot and Cold Water. — Apply cold water to the head when it 
 feels good and warm applications to the feet, particularly when they are cold. 
 
 1-5. Mustard. — Take ^/^ teaspoonful of whole grains of mustard inter- 
 nally and use hot applications on the forehead and back of the neck. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The mustard is to be taken when vomiting is 
 desired. The hot applications are counter-irritants. 
 
 16. Nervous Headache. — Mix 7 ounces of valerian root, 5 ounces of 
 licorice root, 1 ounce of oil of anise, 1 dram of camphor gum and 1% pints 
 of alcohol. Take from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls eVery 15 minutes until relieved. 
 
 NEURALGIA. 
 
 Neuralgia is a painful affection of the nerves. Every one who has had 
 it will at least testify as to the painful part. We will speak of several types of 
 neuralgia. 
 
 Neuralgia of the Face — Tri-Facial Neuralgia — ^Tic-Douloureux — Spas- 
 modic Neuralgia of the Face — Prosopalgia. — All the branches of the tri-facial 
 nerve are seldom affected at the same time. There are terrible pains in the 
 face with jerkings and twitchings. The pain radiates in the region of the ear,, 
 along the lower jaw. Pain is also especially noticeable along the upper teeth. 
 Eating and speaking may be painful. Sores sometimes occur on the lips 
 or eye. Some of the forms of face neuralgia are of frightful intensity and 
 the repeated attacks make the patient's life almost unbearable. Chronic 
 neuralgia is hard to cure. 
 
 Neuralgia of the Back of Head and Neck — Cervico-occipital Neuralgia. — 
 This is neuralgia of the back of the head and neck. The painful point is 
 about half way between the ear and the first cervical vertebra. It hurts 
 to move the neck. Sometimes cold is the cause of this. 
 
 Neuralgia of Neck and Shoulder — Cervico-brachial Neuralgia. — This is 
 neuralgia of the neck and shoulder. The pain is in the deltoid muscle run- 
 ning from the shoulder to the elbow. 
 
 Neuralgia Underneath the Ribs — Intercostal Neuralgia. — The pain seems 
 to He underneath the ribs. Next to tic-douloureux this is the most important 
 
192 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 form of neuralgia. It is more common in women than in men and is very- 
 common in cases of hysteria. (Home remedies for " Stitch in the Side " will 
 be found under " Neuritis.") 
 
 Neuralgia of the Lower Part of the Spine — Coccydynia. — This is pain in 
 the coccyx or lower part of the spinal column. It is most common in women 
 and is made worse by sitting down. It may be very severe and the bone 
 may have to be removed. 
 
 Neuralgia of the Heel and Foot.— There may also be neuralgia in the 
 heel and foot. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Build up the system and regulate the mode of life. 
 Change of air is sometimes good. A strict vegetable diet is sometimes neces- 
 sary. Live an out of door life as much as possible and take plenty of exercise. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Arsenic, quinine, strychnine and cod liver oil 
 are good. For the pain give antipyrin or phenacetin. Give strychnine for 
 facial neuralgia. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Belladonna, third dilution; Spigelia, second 
 dilution ; Gelsemium, first dilution ; Arsenicum, third trituration ; and China, 
 second dilution. For intercostal neuralgia use Ranunculus. These are all 
 good. (For preparation and doses see " Homeopathic Medicines " in the 
 Nursing Department.) 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR NEURALGIA AND NERVOUS 
 TROUBLES.— 
 
 1. Thistle Tea. — A tea made from the common field or bull thistle is 
 considered by the Germans a sure and permanent cure for neuralgia. The 
 tea is made by pressing a vessel full of the leaves, filling with water, and 
 boiling down one-half. A wineglassful of this may be taken internally 
 twice a day. In severe cases a poultice of the bruised leaves may also be 
 applied to the affected parts. Many remarkable and lasting cures have been 
 effected by this simple remedy. In fact, it has never been known to fail. 
 
 2. Sweating Treatment.— The following will be found almost a sure 
 cure for neuralgia. Bathe the feet for half an hour in hot mustard water 
 an(J at the same time drink smartweed tea; or, ginger tea will do. Then go 
 to bed and take a sweat for from half to three-quarters of an hour. After the 
 sweat sponge the body with warm water, dry, and rub briskly with the hands. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This is good for neuralgia which comes from 
 a cold or from inflammation. 
 
 3. Steaming with Vinegar. — Wrap a cloth wrung out of vinegar around 
 a hot brick or flatiron and apply to the face until it is thoroughly steamed. 
 This is an effective remedy used by a celebrated French physician for 
 neuralgia. 
 
 4. Horse-radish. — Horse-radish is an excellent remedy for neuralgia. 
 Grate the horse-radish and mix it with vinegar the same as when it is 
 intended for the table. Apply this to the temple when the neuralgia is in 
 the face and to the wrist when it is in the arm or shoulder. 
 
 5. Burnt Sugar. — Burn some sugar on a hot stove and inhale the fumes. 
 
 6. Hot Salt and Ashes. — Mix salt and ashes, heat well, put into a salt 
 bag and apply to the parts affected with neuralgia. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Dry heat is good in some cases of neuralgia. 
 
 7. Salt and Alum. — If the neuralgia is in the jaw, put equal parts of 
 pulverized salt and alum on a wet piece of cloth and rub upon the teeth. 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 193 
 
 8. Lemon Juice.— Squeeze the juice of a lemon into a tumblsrfui of 
 Vt'ater and take two or three mouthfuls every hour for neuralgia. 
 
 9. Mustard. — Mustard plasters sometimes help neuralgia. 
 
 10. Hops. — Hot fomentations of hops generally give relief from neu- 
 ralgia. 
 
 11. Lobelia and Salt. — Boil a small handful of lobelia in half a pint of 
 water, strain, and add half a teaspoonful of salt. Wring cloths out of the 
 liquid as hot as possible and apply to the affected parts, i Change as rapidly 
 as it cools. This is for neuralgia. 
 
 12. Oil of Peppermint. — " Paint the affected parts with oil of pepper- 
 mint," writes a lady who has tried it for neuralgia. 
 
 13. Mustard, Ginger, Cloves, Cinnamon and Vinegar. — Make a poultice 
 of a tablespoonful of ground mustard, a little ginger, cloves, and cinnamon ; 
 mix these with vinegar. Place between cheese cloth and apply to the parts 
 affected with neuralgia. Hold warm cloths on but do not blister. Mustard 
 alone is also good. 
 
 14. Liniment for Neuralgia. — Take equal parts of camphor, chloroform 
 and olive oil. " I have known this to succeed in many cases," writes a lady 
 from Wichita, Kansas. ( 
 
 15. Peppermint and Benzoin. — A .lady in Birmingham, Alabama, says 
 the following remedy will work like a charm in ,case of neuralgia. Apply 
 equal parts of benzoin and peppermint oil directly to the parts ; or, you can 
 wring a cloth out of hot water, put the medicine on this and then apply. 
 
 16. Wormwood and Vinegar. — Boil wormwood in vinegar and apply for 
 neuralgia. 
 
 17. Neuralgia of the Heart. — Give spirits and water as hot and as strong 
 as it can be swallowed and apply a hot mustard poultice to the chest. If 
 there is sour stomach give a teaspoonful of soda in half a glass of water; or, if 
 there is gas on the stomach give anise or peppermint water. If the stomach is 
 full of food give a tablespoonful of mustard in a teacupful of warm water 
 to produce vomiting, n. 
 
 18. ,Blue Cohosh. — Give the tincture of blue cohosh. The dose is from 
 % to 1 dram. 
 
 19. Black Cohosh and Skullcap. — For St. Vitus' Dance give a teaspoon- 
 ful of the powdered root of black cohosh three times a day. The extract 
 combined with the extract of skullcap is better. This is good for nervous 
 troubles caused by womb diseases. 
 
 20. Virgin's Bower. — For nervous troubles accompanying womb diseases 
 give clematis virginiana, or virgin's bower. Place 2 drams of the dried leaf 
 in a cup filled with hot water ; cover ; and after it is cool, strain, sweeten, and 
 drink at once. 
 
 21. Yellow Lady's Slipper for St. Vitus' Dance, Nervous Headache and 
 Hysteria. — For these troubles use yellow lady's slipper. The dose of the tea 
 is from 1 to 4 ounces; of the best alcoholic extract, 10 to 20 grains; and of 
 the powdered root, 1 dram in hot water. Repeat as often as necessary, 
 say every 1 to 3 hours. 
 
 22. Catnip, Skullcap and Yellow Lady's Slipper. — For nervous headache 
 or sick headache not due to an acid stomach the following will be found good. 
 Take % ounce of the powder of each of catnip, skullcap and yellow lady's 
 slipper; pour on a pint of boiling water and steep from 10 to 20 minutes. 
 Drink while warm. The dose is 1 ounce every % to 4 hours as needed. 
 
 13 
 
194 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 33. Tincture of Hops. — The tincture of hops is good for nervousness and 
 wakefulness. The dose is from 1 to 3 drams. For nervous headache give' 15 
 drops every half hour. 
 
 24. St. Johnswort. — Make a tea of St. Johnswort and give 1 to 3 ounces 
 four times daily. 
 
 25. Motherwort, Etc. — Make a decoction of motherwort and give from 2 
 to 4 ounces every 1 to 4 hours. This is good for hysteria and nervous troubles 
 generally. The fluid extracts of catnip, valerian, or skullcap are good for 
 headache, hysteria and nervousness. 
 
 26. Skullcap. — A tea made from skullcap is good for nervous troubles. 
 The tea may be drank freely. It is good for nervous, teething children and 
 even for delirium tremens. 
 
 27. Skunk Cabbage. — Skunk cabbage is a good remedy. The dose of 
 the tincture is 1 dram. 
 
 28. Cramp Bark, Etc. — Take 2 ounces of high cranberry, or cramp bark ; 
 1 ounce each of skullcap and skunk cabbage ; % ounce of cloves ; and 2 drams 
 of capsicum. Coarsely bruise and add to them 2 quarts of good sherry or 
 native wine. The dose is 1 to 2 ounces, 3 times a day. Small doses may be 
 taken oftener. Good for cramps of muscles, spasms, hysteria, nervousness and 
 asthma, and is especially good during jjregnancy. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Most cases of neuralgia of the jaw, face and temple 
 are produced by bad teeth. 
 
 HYSTERIA. 
 
 Description. — This is a state in which ideas control the body and pro- 
 duce morbid changes in its functions. 
 
 Causes. — The disease is more common in women and usually first appears 
 about the time of puberty but it may continue for years. Heriedity and the 
 training of the child have much to do with it. Uncontrolled children or 
 children who are allowed to have their own way too much while growing up 
 are especially likely to have hysteria. Over-study may also cause it as may 
 disorders of the ovaries and womb. 
 SYMPTOMS.— 
 
 Convulsive Form. — It may come on suddenly or it may be preceded by 
 alternate laughing and crying or a sense of tightness about the neck or feel- 
 ings as of a ball rising in the throat. Sometimes the patient suddenly falls over 
 and is unconscious but the fall is rather easy. Unconsciousness may not last 
 long. 
 
 Major Forms. — ^The attack is begutf by foolish behavior, excitement, dys- 
 peptic symptoms, gas in the bowels, frequent passing of urine, over-sensitive- 
 ness of the body, feeling as of a ball in the throat, sensation of oppression, 
 attacks like true epilepsy, and emotional twisting. The patient tells with 
 great soberness and earnestness about imagined ecstacies, visions, voices, 
 and conversations. She imagines things and even makes very serious charges 
 against people. The convulsions may follow each other for days at a time. 
 After the attack the patient may sink into a trance or lethargy. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — Raise your children out of doors and let them 
 have lots of exercise. Don't let the girls over-study duririg puberty. Let 
 there be less of social and excitable life. Don't push them forward so much 
 to " show off." See that they have plenty of sleep, rest, and hearty, but not 
 rich, food. Avoid stimulants like strong coffee, teas and wines. See that 
 they have good warm dresses and underwear and that they do not lace tightly. 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 19S 
 
 Keep them out of doors. If need be, send them to a farm where they will 
 have outdoor life and sunshine and where they can play in the barns and fields 
 and smell the new-mown hay. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Have the patient smell of amyl. Break a capsule 
 Into a handkerchief for this purpose. If there is anemia (poor blood) give 
 tonics such as iron or arsenic. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Pulsatilla, third dilution ; Gelsemium, first di- 
 lution; Sepia, sixth trituration or Natrum Mur., thirtieth trituration. Pulsa- 
 tilla is especially good for blondes and Sepia for brunettes. Gelsemium is 
 for nervousness. (For doses and preparation see " Homeopathic Medicines " 
 in Nursing Department.) 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— (Also see " Home Remedies for Neural- 
 gia and Nervous Troubles.") 
 
 1. Tonics.— For hysteria give tonics of gentian, columbo, cinchona or 
 golden seal. 
 
 2. Tonic Cordial for Hysteria. — Take 1 pound of poplar bark and 8 
 ounces each of dogwood bark and the bark of the root of bayberry. These 
 should all be made fine and a sufficient quantity of water added. Boil down 
 to 2 gallons ; strain ; and add 7 pounds of sugar, 8 ounces of pulverized peach 
 kernels and 1 gallon of French brandy and then bottle for use. The dose is 
 half a wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 NERVOUS EXHAUSTION. 
 Neurasthenia. 
 
 Causes.^ — Long continued mental strain, worry, and, in women, excessive 
 social duties, are causes of nervous exhaustion. It may also follow weaken- 
 ing diseases. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are varied. In some cases the mental con- 
 dition of the patient suffers chiefly and symptoms may vary from mere irritable 
 temper to great mental depression and even to mental weakness, melancholia 
 and insanity. Sometimes there is persistent sleeplessness. In other cases 
 the patient has stomach and bowel troubles. The heart is lacking in nerve 
 supply and there is palpitation, vertigo, and sometimes fainting. There are 
 signs of hysteria, numbness, tingling and over-sensitiveness in painful parts. 
 
 The degree of the recovery depends upon the ability of the doctor to get 
 the patient away from the causes which produced the condition and upon the 
 willingness of the patient to follow those methods of life which will re- 
 establish his nervous balance and build up reserve energy. The recovery 
 also depends partly upon the' age and physical condition of the patient. 
 
 TREATMENT. — There is not much medicine needed. The homeopathic 
 treatment is to give the second dilution of Gelsemium regularly for a long 
 time. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — The patient must have absolute mental and physical 
 rest and freedom from all worries. Give proper feeding and keep the stomach, 
 bowels and kidneys in good working order. Do not over-do in any way. The 
 patient should have cheerful rooms with plenty of sunshine and should always 
 have pleasant, cheerful faces about him. He should have constant encourage- 
 ment. Relatives and friends must remember that this is not a fancy but a 
 real disease. I have known people who laughed at neurasthenics, or people 
 suffering from nervous exhaustion, and I have later seen these same people 
 in the same condition. Rest and encouragement will bring most cases 
 
196 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 through. Do not over-exert when you are getting better or you may have a 
 relapse. Walking and slow driving with a safe horse and good company are 
 helpful but do not have company who tire you. Most people are ignorant as 
 to what to do or say to persons afflicted with this disease. So many people 
 have no patience and should be kept away from those suffering with nervous 
 exhaustion. A general change of scene is sometimes beneficial. 
 
 SLEEPLESSNESS. 
 Insomnia. 
 
 Causes. — Often caused by nervousness and too much mental work, es- 
 pecially at night. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 " What to Do." — Get away from excitement. Go to the country and be out 
 doors doing light work as much as possible. Tone up the system. Drink 
 hop tea or get a hop pillow to sleep on. Instead of the hop tea you can take 
 the tincture of hops in 15-drop doses. Sleeping in the barn on the hay is 
 often conducive to sleep. Some people need big pillows and some need none. 
 Change of scene and work is generally of benefit. People who engage in out- 
 door work, unless they work too hard, are generally good sleepers. Keep 
 the head cool and the feet warm. 
 
 t " What Not to Do." — Do not take opiates. Do not eat much at night 
 and, on the other hand, do not go to bed with the stomach entirely empty. 
 Do not do any mental work at night. Do not talk politics or religion and do 
 not get excited when you can avoid it. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — At bed time take 1/100 grain of hyoscine. From 
 5 to 15-grain doses of potassium bromide are good for nervousness and over 
 work. The tincture of valerian is good for nervousness. Take 1 teaspoonful 
 in a glass of warm water or milk before retiring. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The first or second dilution of Gelsemium is 
 good when taken half an hour before bed time. Put 10 or 15 drops' into half a 
 glass of water and take 2 teaspoonfuls. Or, you can prepare the third dilution 
 of the same medicine in the same way and take two teaspoonfuls regtilarly 
 every 3 hours during the day. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Onions. — Three or four small onions eaten just before going, to bed 
 have a soothing narcotic effect and induce sleep. 
 
 2- Cold Water Cloths. — Wet a towel in cold water and apply to the 
 back of the neck and lower part of the head and cover with a dry towel. This 
 is excellent where sleeplessness is the result 'of an overworked and congested 
 brain. 
 
 3. Food and Mental Exercises. — Eat a few bites of some light food. 
 Recite poetry or the multiplication table. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The food draws the blood to the stomach and thus 
 relieves the congestion of the brain. 
 
 4. Fresh Air and Sunshine. — Like all other afflictions the patient needs 
 quiet, fresh air and clean, freshly aired bedding. Be out doors in the sunshine 
 as much as possible. 
 
 5. Hot Water. — Drink hot water three times a day or at any time you 
 are thirsty and bathe the feet in hot water before going to bed. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The hot water draws the blood to the stomach 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 197 
 
 and the hot foot bath draws it to the feet, thus the blood is taken away from 
 the brain and the congestion is relieved. 
 
 6. For a Nervous Babe. — Place in some resting position and gently rub 
 its back with the open hand. See how soon the little one is quiet or asleep. 
 
 FAINTING.— (See" Accidents and Emergencies.") 
 
 HICCOUGH.— (See "Accidents and Emergencies.") 
 
 DIZZINESS OR VERTIGO.— (See "Accidents and Emergencies.") 
 
 SCIATICA. 
 
 Sciatic Rheumatism. 
 
 Description. — The sciatic nerve runs from the hip down the back part of 
 the leg find branches in the lower part of the leg and foot. Sciatica is inflam- 
 mation of the sciatic nerve. It is frequent in people troubled with rheumatism 
 or gout and occurs more frequently in men. 
 
 Causes. — Exposure to cold when wet or sweating is the cause though it 
 sometimes seems to come on without any cause. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is pain in the hip and down the back part of the- 
 thigh, reaching to the foot and radiating over it. Often the pain is excru- 
 ciating and is sometimes accompanied with cramps. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 ■ Rest in bed and if it is bad apply a splint to the leg. Apply fly blisters 
 to the painful parts and sometimes morphine must be used. Warm baths and 
 mud baths are also good. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Use salicylate of soda in 5 to 10-grain doses 3 
 or 4 times a day. Fly blisters for all treatments. Apply leeches. Rest in 
 bed. Alternate hot and cold water upon the parts. When the pain is confined 
 to a small place apply fomentations of hops and vinegar. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — At the beginning when there is fever give the 
 second dilution of Aconite. Rhus Tox., sixth dilution ; Colocynth, second di- 
 lution ; Bryonia, second dilution ; and the third trituration of Arsenicum are 
 all good. (For preparation and doses see " Homeopathic Medicines in Nurs- 
 ing Department.) 
 
 SUNSTROKE. 
 Heat Stroke — Isolation or Thermic Fever — Coup de Soleil — Heat Exhaustion. 
 , Description. — This is a condition produced by exposure to excessive heat. 
 In rare cases the temperature of the patient is below normal and it is then 
 called " heat exhaustion." 
 
 Causes. — As stated in the description, it is caused by excessive heat. 
 
 Symptoms. — The patient may be struck down and die within an hour. 
 This form occurs chiefly in army life. In the early stage of ordinary cases 
 there is a feeling of oppression and dizziness. If no attention is paid to these 
 symptoms and the patient does nothing to relieve the heat, sudden un- 
 consciousness comes on, sometimes preceded by convulsions. In other 
 cases there are no convulsions but there is deep stupor with deep breathing 
 and even snoring. The face is at first livid and later dark and the large blood- 
 vessels of the neck and arms are swollen with blood. The temperature quickly 
 rises very high, the average being between 105 and 107 degrees. The pupils 
 
198 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL ^OOK. 
 
 of the eyes may be smaller than usual or they may be very much enlarged. 
 If the fever cannot be reduced and if the blood cannot be drawn away from the 
 heart and lungs, death will be the result in from twelve to thirty-six hours. 
 When the patient is getting better he sometimes has a relapse, or " set back," 
 so that the greatest caution must be observed. The result of sunstroke de- 
 pends upon the height and persistency of the fever. Many people die each 
 year from sunstroke. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Treatment for Heat Exhaustion. — For. heat exhaustion, or when the tem- 
 perature is too low, rub the patient in hot water and after the bath apply hot 
 applications about the body. Notice that this is the treatment only when 
 the temperature is too low. 
 
 Emergency Treatment for Sunstroke or " What to Do." — The treatment 
 must be bold and vigorous. First, reduce the temperature by applying ice or 
 cold water. Strip the patient, lay him on a canvas cot and then direct a 
 stream of cold water upon his body, from a hose if possible. Rub actively 
 and vigorously while applying the water. This brings the blood to the 
 surface and relieves the internal organs and the head. Rub thoroughly and 
 at the same time constantly apply cold watei" to the head. If convenient the 
 patient may be put into a bath tub and the above treatment carried out. When 
 the temperature begins to fall see that it does not fall too rapidly. If the pa- 
 tient is robust and the veins are swollen, bleeding may be of benefit. Then 
 follow with a normal salt injection. Have the patient remain in bed for 
 several days. 
 
 Caution, or " What Not to Do." — Do not lose time but get to work. Do 
 not get excited. Do not give alcohol. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — If the patient is constipated give citrate of mag- 
 nesia in 4-dram doses to relieve him. If he is unconscious give a hypodermic 
 injection of 1/6 grain of elaterium for the bowels. If it is necessary to stimu- 
 late give strychnine but do not give alcohol. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — In connection with the above measures you 
 may give the third dilution of Glonoin. Put 10 or 15 drops into half a glass 
 of water and give 2 teaspoonfuls every half hour. This is for the beating 
 arteries and throbbing head. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Essence of Ginger, Cold Water, Etc. — Put the patient in a sitting 
 position and pour cold water freely upon the head. Into half a tumbler of 
 water pour two or three tablespoonfuls of essence of ginger and have the 
 patient drink it quickly. 
 
 FALLING FITS. 
 Epilepsy. 
 
 Description. — This is an afifection of the nervous system marked by 
 attacks of unconsciousness either with or withou-t convulsions. 
 
 Symptoms. — A peculiar feeling called the " aura " goes over the patient 
 just before the attack comes on. Then he utters a peculiar cry or scream. 
 At the same time, in a wide spread attack, the muscles of the whole body 
 become strongly contracted until they are in a stiff spasm. After the spasms 
 relax there are alternate contractions and relaxations which throw the patient 
 from side to side. He usually foams at the mouth and sometimes bites his 
 tongue. The face changes color rapidly and finally the flush deepens into a 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 199 
 
 livid purple. The attack lasts about two minutes and is -a terrible thing- to 
 see. In the ordinary form there is little danger of death. The patient finally 
 becomes dumb in action and speech. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Bromide of potassium can be used under a doctor's di- 
 rections. This must be continued for months and years and continued for 
 three years after the patient is seemingly cured. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Oxide of Zinc and Stramonium Ointment. — A physician who ha? 
 been very successful in curing epilepsy uses oxide of zinc. It should be taken 
 three times a day. The first 8 days the dose is 1/2 grain ; then take 1-grain 
 doses for the next 8 days and then use 1% grains until cured. It is well 
 while under this treatment to rub the spine twice a day with stramonium 
 ointment. The dose of oxide of zinc seldom has to be increased above li/^ 
 grains. 
 
 ST, VITUS' DANCE. 
 Acute Chorea — Sydenhams Chorea. 
 
 Description. — This is a disease chiefly affecting children. It is attended 
 with irregular and involuntary contractions or twitchings of the muscles and 
 these twitchings are sometimes limited to certain muscles. There is a remark- 
 able liability to acute endocarditis, or heart disease. Seventy-nine per cent, 
 of the cases are females. It occurs mostly between the ages of 5 and 15 vears. 
 
 Causes. — It is due to a run down condition of the system. 
 
 Symptoms. — In a mild case the speech is not seriously affected but the 
 patient is restless, can't sit still, has " fidgets " and crying spells and some- 
 times night terror. The patient has stomach trouble, aiemia, a changed 
 disposition and is cross and irritable. In a week or more the jerky movements 
 begin and the patient is awkward and upsets things at the table, etc. 
 
 In the severe form the movements become general and the patient cannot 
 go about or dress himself. The speech is affected and sometimes he cannot 
 talk for days. It usually lasts from 8 to 10 weeks and children usually re- 
 cover. Chronic chorea sometimes follows the acute kind but it is a rare 
 affection. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 " What to Do." — Allow the patient to have rest and keep him from worry 
 and excitement. Keep him home from school. Apply a hot pack to produce 
 sleeping. 
 
 " What Not to Do." — Do not allow an exceptionally bright child to over 
 study between the ages of 5 and 15 years. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Give iron and arsenic if there is anemia (poor 
 blood) and salicylates if the child is rheumatic. Arsenic may be given in the 
 form of Fowler's solution of arsenic. For a child of 10 years give 3 drops 3 
 times a day and gradually increase, 1 drop every day, until some pufiSness 
 appears about the eyes, then stop its use. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Give one tablet of the third trituration of Ar- 
 senicum every 3 hours. 
 
 If the patient is weak from a long sickness give the second dilution of 
 China. Put 10 or 15 drops into half a glass of water and take a teaspoonful 
 or two every hour to three hours. 
 
 If the patient has menstrual troubles, prepare and give the third dilution 
 of Pulsatilla in the same way. 
 
200 - THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— (Also see " Home Remedies for Neural- 
 gia and Nervous Troubles.") 
 
 1. Lady's Slipper. — Make a tea of Lady's slipper and give from 1 to 
 2 ounces, 4 times a day. 
 
 2. Blue Cohosh. — Make a tea of blue cohosh and give 3 or 4 times a 
 day. This is especially good when the St. Vitus' dance is due to womb or 
 menstrual troubles. 
 
 3. Skullcap. — Drink freely of a tea made from skullcap. 
 
 4. St. Johnswort. — Drink a tea made from St. Johnswort. This should 
 be drank several times a day. 
 
 5. Lettuce. — Eat plenty of lettuce when afflicted with St. Vitus' dance. 
 
 HEREDITARY CHOREA OR ST. VITUS' DANCE. 
 Huntington's Chorea. 
 Description. — Fortunately, this affliction is rare. It is characterized bv 
 irregular movements, disturbed speech and twitchings of the face, brow and 
 scalp. 
 
 First Symptoms. — There are twitchings of the muscles of the face, head 
 and arms and there are also gesticulations. 
 
 Treatment. — It is very hard to cure. Live an out-of-door life and take 
 tonics and nerve sedatives. 
 
 APOPLEXY. 
 
 Causes. — This is caused by brittle arteries in the brain, which break be- 
 cause of their filling- with blood or becoming cong-ested from any cause such 
 as excitement, over work, over lifting, over eating or over stimulation. May 
 be caused by injuries. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is sudden dizziness, faintness and disturbed speech 
 followed by coma or stupor. The face becomes flushed and dusky or, in very 
 severe cases, it may be ashy pale. The pulse, which is slow and soft at first, 
 becomes full and bounding. The breathing is slow and irregular an 3 is 
 accompanied with snoring. The eyes are fixed and staring, the pupils vary^ing 
 and generally unequal in size. The patient may have convulsions. He ttiay 
 die very soon or he may partially recover. In many cases paralysis is noticed 
 when he regains consciousness. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Emergency Remedy or " What to Do." — Place the patient in a lying 
 position, loosen the clothing, raise the head of the bed and apply ice or cold 
 water to the head. Give a hot mustard bath. If the tongue draws back, put a 
 towel or handkerchief over it and hold it forward. 
 
 Caution or " What Not to Do." — Do not let the tongue draw back in the 
 mouth and in applying water to the head, do not let it drip into the mouth 
 or the patient may choke to death. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — In addition to what has beeh recommended there are 
 other things you can do for the patient. As before directed, in applying water 
 to the head, do not allow it to drip into the mouth for a few drops can choke a 
 person in this condition as he is unable to swallow. Do not let the water 
 drip on the neck or other parts of the body. If you have no ice bag you must 
 change the cold water cloths often to keep them cold. The tongue gets very 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 301 
 
 dry, especially when the mouth is open. Moisten it often but be careful about 
 getting water into the ttiouth. If necessary the bowels should be kept open 
 with injections or with salts. Salts can only be given after he has recovered 
 enough to swallow. Usually the urine must be drawn and especially in old 
 persons. It may dribble away but that will not be enough. If the patient 
 is continually moving his hands over the region of the bladder and acts as 
 though he were in pain, you had better draw the urine at once. This applies 
 to any disease. 
 
 The patient must have quiet and rest. Improvement is slow in this 
 disease. Never talk about the patient's condition in his presence. In many 
 cases he is able to partially understand even though seemingly unconscious. 
 Bleeding may be useful in some cases. Regulate the diet. Time and nursing 
 frequently work wonders even in the most desperate cases. 
 
 ABSCESS OF THE BRAIN. 
 
 Causes. — May come from inflammation of the middle ear, caries (death) 
 of the bones of the nose or skull, infected skull wounds, infectious diseases, 
 influenza, or erysipelas. 
 
 Symptoms. — In acute cases there is high fever and the symptoms of 
 meningitis. 
 
 Treatment. — Operation if possible. 
 
 LOSS OF SPEECH. 
 Aphasia. 
 
 The power of speech becomes impaired or arrested as a result of disease 
 or injury of that part of the brain which controls speech. The speech may 
 return if the disease is not too extensive. Good nursing and dieting are about 
 all that can be done. 
 
 LOSS OF VOICE. 
 Aphonia. 
 Loss of voice may be due to disease of the vocal cords, to diphtheria, 
 or to some disease of the nervous system. 
 
 STAMMERING. 
 
 The treatment lies mostly with the patient. Speak slowly and distinctly 
 and do not get excited. Go to a school for stammerers if you can. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Closed Teeth and Marking Time. — Practice reading aloud with the 
 teeth closed and tap with the finger at every syllable you pronounce. This 
 has proven effective in many cases. 
 
 2. Proper Breathing. — A person does not stutter when singing because 
 the lungs are full and inflated. Then keep the lungs well filled, take deep 
 breaths, speak loudly and when there is a hesitation, stop instantly and take 
 in another long breath before trying again. 
 
 3. Speaking Slowly. — Stop when you stammer, wait awhile and then 
 try again to say the word more slowly. 
 
 TUMORS OF THE BRAIN AND ITS MEMBRANES. 
 There are many kind^ of tumors of the brain. 
 
302 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Symptoms. — Headache sometimes produces temporary loss of the mind. 
 Next there is projectile vomiting which is a hurling forth of the material with 
 force. There is dizziness, slowness of thought, mental failure, loss of speech 
 and paralysis. 
 
 Treatment. — Sometimes the tumor can be removed. Make the patient 
 as comfortable as possible. 
 
 GENERAL MENINGITIS. 
 
 Description. — This is an inflammation of the membranes covering the 
 brain and spinal cord. 
 
 Causes. — May be caused by injury, bone disease or infection. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is headache, a confused mind, delirium and convulsive 
 attacks. 
 
 Treatment. — Move the bowels with salts, apply cold to the head, rest in 
 bed in a darkened room and have perfect quiet. If symptoms of pressure 
 develop an operation will be necessary if it is possible. 
 
 PARANOIA. 
 Dementia Paralytica — Paresis — General Paralysis of the Insane. 
 
 Causes. — Syphilis causes 75 per cent, of the cases. It is a sequel of that 
 disease. Alcoholism and excessive sexual indulgence also, cause it. It is 
 common among " rakes." This is a disease of middle life occurring most fre- 
 quently between the ages of 30 and 50 years. Some cases seem to follow 
 sunstroke and injury. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^The patient seems to be nervously fatigued or mentally 
 fagged. The temper is irritable and at times he takes offense easily. At 
 times he is also very forgetful. Even though naturally tidy, he becomes sloven 
 and careless. Though formerly kind, he becomes brutal to his family. His 
 speech becomes indistinct and the pupils of the eyes act unevenly. He may 
 have delusions, extravagant ideas. He may believe he is a great historical 
 character or that he is a king or very rich. As brain disease progresses ho 
 becomes mentally dull and frequently becomes emotional and laughs and 
 cries without cause. He is depressed at times and exalted at other times. 
 He may become frenzied with rage and commit a crime. Death usually come? 
 in a bad case from the third to the sixth year. '^ 
 
 Treatment. — Treatment can relieve but cannot cure. '■ 
 
 LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA. 
 Tabes Dorsalis — Posterior Spinal Sclerosis. 
 
 Description. — This disease is characterized by incoordination of move- 
 ment, loss of muscle sense, loss of the deep reflexes and impairment of station 
 and gait. The most noteworthy loss of reflex is in the knee joint and iris. 
 Males suffer more than females, ten to one. One half of the cases develop 
 between the ages of thirty and forty and 80 per cent, occur between thirty and 
 fifty years of age. 
 
 Causes. — The most common cause is acquired syphilis. It rarely is the 
 result of hereditary syphilis. It is the result of syphilitic diseases. Next to 
 syphilis the cause is injury, such as a severe fall or blow on the spine. The 
 primary lesion is in the posterior ganglia, posterior roots of the spinal cord, 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 203 
 
 and in the cranial nerves and not in the posterior coKimns of the spinal cord 
 as was once thought. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The patient says that his feet feel muffled as if he had on 
 a thick pair of socks. In other cases he notices that on arising at night he has 
 difficulty in getting a proper purchase on the floor with his feet, or the floor 
 may feel to him as though it were different from what it really is. It is hard 
 for him to walk in the dark. 
 
 Peculiar Gait. — The foot is raised awkwardly with an uncertain motion. 
 The edge of the foot sometimes rests on the floor. If the light is poor the 
 patient sometimes staggers and falls. 
 
 Disturbance of Station. — The patient cannot stand steadily. If the eyes 
 are closed or blindfolded, he sways so that he is in danger of falling. 
 
 Other Symptoms. — There is total loss of the knee ierk when the tendon 
 is tapped. The patient has pains and loss of sensibility. There are '.ightning 
 pains in the legs which are darting and burning. There are tickling, pricking, 
 creeping, sensations of heat and cold. In 80 per cent, of the cases the eyes 
 fail to react to light and there may be other eye troubles. Owing to changes 
 in the elbows, shoulders, hips and knees, the landmarks of these parts may be 
 completely lost and there is often great swelling. In the secondary stage 
 there is perforating ulcer of the foot. Recovery is not possible but it may 
 remain stationary. If it comes from syphilis, proper remedies may check it, 
 but they cannot cure it. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the syphilis cause is of recent date, give mercury. 
 Iodide of potassium is the usual remedy but it must be usea under proper 
 directions. For the twitching in the limbs give the bromides of sodium, pot- 
 ash and ammonia in large doses. In some cases certain exercises, baths or 
 electricity are good. 
 
 ACUTE ANTERIOR POLIO MYELITIS. 
 
 Description and Symptoms. — In this disease there is sudden loss of power 
 in one or more of the limbs. Most commonly it is in the legs. Wasting of 
 the muscles takes place immediatel5^ The acute disease is strictly one of 
 child life and occurs most frequently during the first three years. 
 
 Treatment. — Give the patient rest in a quiet and darkened room and 
 doctor the conditions as they arise. The result is good so far as life is con- 
 cerned but it is hard to tell how much the paralysis can be helped. Electricity 
 may do some good. 
 
 CHRONIC ANTERIOR POLIO MYELITIS. 
 
 Symptoms. — This closely resembles the acute kind. The muscles are 
 paralyzed and waste away. The outlook is grave. The future of the case 
 may be determined somewhat by how rapidly it develops. When the disease 
 is caused by injury the outlook is better. 
 
 Treatment. — Have good surroundings, nutritious food, and fresh air and 
 sunshine. Rub the paralyzed parts gently but not too much. 
 
 BULBAR PARALYSIS. 
 Description. — This affects the tongue, lips and larynx. There is shrinking 
 of the tongue and lips. 
 
 Causes. — Lesions in the lower back part of the brain. 
 
 Ssmiptoms. — The disease usually begins with difficulty in moving the 
 
2>04 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL feOOK. 
 
 tongue. The patient is hardly able to say the letters " v," " n," " r," " f," and 
 " 1." He speaks " through the nose " and chewing and swallowing become 
 difficult. All conditions gradually get worse. The disease is usually fatal. 
 Treatment. — Give tonics. Medicine does not do much good. 
 
 LATERAL SCLEROSIS. 
 
 Description. — The patient suffers from stiffness of the muscles of the 
 Ifegs, with loss of power of motion and with great reflex irritability. 
 
 Causes. — It may be caused by syphilis, injuries, or by suddenly taking 
 eold as men do sometimes in washing sheep. 
 
 Symptdms. — There are spasmodic contractions, or jerkings, of the rausples 
 of the legs. There is difficulty in bending the knees and ankles and greater 
 difficulty in raising the toes. The disease often lasts for 25 years. 
 
 Treatment. — Treatment does not do much good. 
 
 MYELITIS. 
 (Transverse Kind.) 
 
 Description. — This is an inflammatory process in the spinal cord. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is pain in the back, numbness, and tingling in the legs. 
 There is a terrible twitching or cramp-like contraction of the limbs. Loss 
 of the powei of the legs may be the first symptom. There is paralysis of the 
 bladdei and holding of the urine or else an inability to hold it. There is 
 a band-like feeling around the abdomen. Sometimes the legs jerk terribly. 
 A few cases may get well but many linger and finally die of some other trouble. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment does not do much good. Give good nursing 
 and diet and draw the urine with a catheter if necessary. 
 
 SPINAL MENINGITIS. 
 
 Description. — This is an inflammation of the membranes of the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Causes. — It is nearly always secondary to some other disease such as 
 typhoid fever or acute articular rheumatism. 
 
 Sjmiptoms. — There is pain, chills, and fever and it is soon noticed that 
 the patient is stiff. After the thigh has been fixed at right angles to the 
 trunk the patient's legscannot be bent at the knee. The muscles of the back 
 and neck are very stiff. There is paralysis of the bladder and the patient 
 is either unable to retain or unable to pass urine and feces. These symptoms 
 must be watched for. 
 
 Treatment. — Keep up the patient's strength and allow absolute rest on 
 a soft bed. 
 
 ACUTE ASCENDING PARALYSIS. 
 Landry's Paralysis. 
 
 This begins in the legs and passes rapidly Upward until it affects the 
 muscles of the trunk and arms and finally causes death by the patient's 
 being unable to breathe. The result depends upon the severity of the attack, 
 the parts affected, and upon the condition of the heart and lungs. 
 
 Treatment. — Allow rest and meet the indications. 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 205 
 
 SHAKING PALSY. 
 Paralysis Agitans. 
 
 Description. — This is a chronic affection of the nervous system attended 
 with weakness, tremors, and rigidity of the muscles and especially affects the 
 hands and foreafms. 
 
 C^use. — This is not known. More men than women are affected. 
 
 Symptoms.— The hands and forearms tremble or shake almost continu- 
 ously. As to the attitude, the head is bent forward, the back is bowed and 
 the arms are held away from the body and are somewhat bent at the elbow. 
 
 Treatment, — Live an out-door life and have plenty of quiet and rest, 
 Give 1/100 grain of hyoscine from 1 to 3 times a day. The disease is incur- 
 able but you can make the patient more comfortable and prolong life. 
 
 NEURITIS. 
 
 Description. — This is an inflammation or degeneration of a nerve. Peri- 
 neuritis means inflammation around a nerve structure. If the fibres of the 
 nerves are primarily aifected it is called parenchymatous neuritis. It is called 
 interstitial neuritis when there is inflammation of the tissues surrounding and 
 between the nerve fibres. 
 
 Causes. — The causes are injury, diseases, alcohol, metallic poisons or 
 gout. 
 
 Syniptoms. — The symptoms vary very much in different cases. When 
 there is a very mild attack, only a tingling sensation or a numbness may 
 be felt. When it is more severe the tingling and prickling sensations are felt 
 not only at the place where the trouble is but also far away from it at the end 
 of the nerve. If the "disease is the result of pressure there is some loss of 
 motion but not much pain. If it is the result of infection from a wound, pain 
 is present and usually severe. If it continues there is a glossy skin and wast- 
 ing of the muscle. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — The part affected may be wrapped in lint heavily 
 smeared with an ointment made of equal parts of ichthyol and lanolin, otitside 
 of which is placed some oil silk to hold the moisture. In some cases hot 
 poultices of flaxseed or cloths wrung out of hot water may be applied in the 
 earlier stages to relieve the inflammation. If the pain is so. severe you cannot 
 sleep you can use 5 grains of phenacetin 4 or 5 times a day. For the same 
 purpose acetanilid may be used in the same doses or antipyrin may be used 
 in slightly larger doses. If absolutely necessary, morphine may be used hypo- 
 dermically for the pain. Place the parts at rest. If it is the arm it should be 
 placed in a sling. After the acute stage you can take strychnine in doses 
 of from 1/60 to 1/30 of a grain. Or, nux vomica may be used in 5 to 10-drop 
 doses. These may be combined with /phosphorus and small quantities of 
 quinine. Faradic electricify may be carefully applied but never so as to. pro- 
 duce suffering. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The medicines used are the second dilution 
 of Aconite, the third dilution of Belladonna, the second dilution of Bryonia, 
 the third trituration of Arsenicum and the sixth dilution of RhusTox. (Foi 
 preparation and doses see " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing Depart- 
 ment.) 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR STITCH IN THE SIDE.— 
 
 1. Mustard Poultices.-— The application of hot water or mustard poul'- 
 tices will usually give relief. 
 
206 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 3. Laudanum, Sassafras, Etc. — Take an ounce each of laudanum and oil 
 of origanum and an ounce-and-a-half each of oil of hemlock and oil of sassa- 
 fras. Mix these together and rub thoroughly on the affected parts. 
 
 3. Camphor. — Saturate a flannel cloth with spirits of camphor, place on 
 the painful parts and cover with a dry cloth. 
 
 4. Belladonna Plaster. — Apply a belladonna plaster. 
 
 MULTIPLE NEURITIS. 
 Polyneuritis — Peripheral Neuritis. 
 
 Description and Causes. — This is a condition in which a large number of 
 the peripheral (end) nerves of the body suffer from chronic inflammation as 
 a result of the action of some toxic agent. These toxic agents may be derived 
 from external or internal sources. The external toxics are alcohol, lead, ar- 
 senic, copper, mercury, aniline, carbon monoxide and carbon bisulphide. The' 
 internal sources are poisons developed in the various acute infectious fevers, 
 as typhoid fever, small-pox, scarlet fever, influenza, pneumonia, diphtheria, 
 dysentery, etc. The disease is most frequent between the ages of 20 and 50 
 years. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are fairly constant no matter what the cause. 
 Alcoholic neuritis is the type most frequently met with. At the beginning 
 there may be slight fever. The patient complains of tingling and numbness 
 in the feet and fingers. In other cases there is dull pairi. Following these, 
 weakness develops. The patient may be unable to move his hands or feet and 
 " foot drop " or " wrist drop " develops. After a little time wasting of these 
 parts takes place. Then there may be over sensitiveness of the parts affected. 
 The symptoms may even be somewhat like those of locomotor ataxia. Some 
 parts of the skin may suffer from excessive sweating and swelling and some- 
 times the joints are swollen. The nerves of the head are also affected and 
 the patient may squint. Poison from diphtheria is the most common internal 
 cause and is called " diphtheria neuritis." It most frequently affects the 
 muscles of the palate. This makes speech and swallowing difiScult. Some are 
 paralyzed in all their extremities. Sometimes they cannot control the head. 
 
 The chances for recovery are favorable in nearly every case unless the 
 patient has been exposed to lead, arsenic or alcbhol for so long a time that 
 the nerves cannot undergo regenerative change. Less pain and tenderness 
 are the first symptoms of improvement. Recovery may take months. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Remove the cause such as lead or arsenic. Give 
 to these patients from 20 to 30 grains of iodide of potassium 2 or 3 times a 
 day. Alcohol must be stopped if taken to excess. Laxatives or purges are 
 beneficial. Drink freely of water. Give baths, iron and arsenic for anemia, 
 or poor blood. Carefully examine the heart and if necessary keep the patient 
 lying down. Give salicylates if needed. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The homeopathic medicines for this disease 
 are the second dilution of Aconite, the third trituration of Arsenicum, the 
 second dilution of Bryonia and the sixth dilution of Rhus Tox. (See " Home- 
 opathic Medicines " in Nursing Department for preparation and doses.) 
 
 CATALEPSY. 
 
 This is a sudden loss of all voluntary moving power so quickly befalling 
 all muscles that the different parts of the body remain in precisely the same 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 207 
 
 position in which the attack finds them, thus making the patient appear like 
 a statue. In itself, it is not fatal. 
 
 Treatment. — Restore the tone of the system with tonics, etc, 
 
 DELIRIUM TREMENS. 
 Mania a Potu. 
 
 This is really only an incident in the history of chronic alcoholism and 
 results from the long continued action of the poison on the brain. A spree 
 in a temperate person, no matter how prolonged, is rarely if ever followed 
 by delirium tremens; but in the case of an habitual drinker a temporary 
 excess is apt to bring on an attack. It sometimes develops in consequence of 
 the sudden withdrawal of the alcohol. 
 
 At the outset of the attack the patient is restless and depressed and sleeps 
 badly, which causes him to take alcohol more freely. After a day or two the 
 characteristic delirium sets in. The patient talks constantly and incoherently ; 
 he is incessantly in motion and desires to go out to attend to some imaginary 
 business. Hallucinations of sight and hearing develop. He sees objects in 
 the room, such at rats, mice or snakes, and fancies they are crawling over his 
 body. The terror inspired by these imaginary objects is great and has given 
 the popular name " horrors " to the disease. The patients need to be watched 
 constantly, for in their delusions they may jump out of the window or 
 escape. 
 
 In private practice recovery ■'takes place in a large proportion of the 
 cases. 
 
 Treatment. — Produce sleep and support the strength. In mild cases i/o 
 dram of bromide of potassium combined with 10 drops of tincture of capsi- 
 cum may be given every 3 hours. Hyoscine, 1/100 grain, can be given hypo- 
 dermically. Careful feeding is the most important element in the treatment 
 of these cases. Milk and concentrated broths should be given at stated 
 intervals. (Extracts from Dr. Osier, one of the greatest physicians of the 
 world.) 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR DRUNKENNESS.— 
 
 1. Thompson's Composition Tea. — It is claimed that Thompson's 
 Composition Tea will cure drunkenness. Take hemlock bark, 1 pound; bay- 
 berry bark, 2 pounds ; ginger root, 1 pound ; cloves, 3 ounces ; and cayenne 
 pepper, 2 ounces; pulverize and mix well. Of this take half a teaspoonful 
 with a teaspoonful of sugar and put into half a teacupful of boiling water. 
 After it has stood a few minutes fill the cup with milk. Drink half of this 
 upon arising in the morning and the rest just before meal time. 
 
 3. Tonic and Stimulant. — A celebrated physician gives the following-: 
 magnesia, 10 grains ; sulphate of iron, 5 grains ; peppermint water, 11 drams 
 and spirits of nutmeg, 1 dram. This quantity should be taken twice daily. 
 It is a great tonic and stimulant and has proven successful in many cases 
 for which many are most thankful. 
 
 3. Stramonium Leaves. — Give a tea made of stramonium leaves. It 
 may be given in tea or coffee, if desired, without the knowledge of the patient. 
 Will relieve the appetite for tobacco as well as liquor. 
 
 4. Ammonia. — A teaspoonful or two of aromatic spirits of ammonia 
 in a glass of water will aid in sobering the patient. May be repeated in 45 
 minutes if necessary. 
 
208 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 5. Ginger and Pepper. — For delirium tremens force the patient to 
 take strong coflfee or milk and give a tea made with ginger and pepper. 
 
 6. Tincture of Capsicum. — Give the delirium tremen patient tincture 
 of capsicum in teaspoonful doses. 
 
 7. Bromo-Seltzer. — For drunkenness take a dose of bromo-seltzer and 
 go to bed. 
 
 INSANITY. 
 
 " Insanity is a departure from the normal mental status of the individual 
 and this departure is due to some diseased condition of the bfain or flervotts 
 system. 
 
 " It has been truly said that man is the product of his antecedents, multi- 
 plied by his environments. 
 
 " Mental abnorm_ality is always due to either imperfect or eccentric 
 physical development, or to effects of inborn or acquired physical disease, 
 or to injurious impressions, either anti-natal or post-natal, upon that delicate 
 and intricate physical structure known as the human brain. Some physical 
 imperfections more than others give rise to mental derangements. Some 
 persons, more than others, when affected by bodily ailment, tend to aberated 
 conditions of the mind. Some impressions more than others, are particularly 
 unfortunate by reason of their corroding effects upon the brain tablets of a 
 sensitive mind. To these natural defects and unnatural tendencies, we apply, 
 in a general way, the term " The Insane Diathesis." This is a state of con- 
 dition in mental pathology, corresponding to those diatheses so common in 
 physical pathology, namely, the scrofulous, the cancerous, the scorbutic, the 
 rheumatic, the gouty and the calculous. 
 
 " The insane diathesis is a general term applying to all those conditions 
 which tend to the inception and growth of mental unsoundness. This dia- 
 thesis may be inherited or acquired. In the former case it may be compared 
 to the scrofulous ; and in the latter, to the gouty diathesis. 
 
 " Those who are born to become insane do not necessarily spring from 
 insane parents, or from an ancestry having any apparent taint of lunacy in 
 the blood but they do receive from their progenitors, oftentimes, certain im- 
 pressions upon their mental and moral, as well as upon their physical being, 
 which impressions, like iron moulds, fix and shape their subsequent destinies. 
 Hysteria in the mother may develop the insane diathesis in the child. Drunk- 
 enness in the father may impel epilepsy, or mania, or dementia, in the son. 
 Ungovefned passions, from love to hate, from hope to fear, when indulged 
 in overmuch by the parents, may unloose the furies of unrestrained madness 
 in the minds of the children. Even untempered religious enthusiasm may 
 beget a fanaticism that cannot be restrained within the limits of reason. 
 
 " As the development of progress is slow and gradual ; so, likewise, is 
 the development of degeneracy. As men attain high moral and intellectual 
 achievements only through the effects of succeeding generations, so it seems 
 but natural that the insane should oftentimes trace their sad humiliation 
 and utter unfitness for the duties of life back through a tedious line of pas- 
 sion unrestrained, of prejudice, bigotry, and superstition unbridled, of lust 
 unchecked, of intemperance uncontrolled, of avarice unmastered. and of 
 nerve resources wasted, exhausted, and made bankrupt before its time. 
 
 " Here are dangers to the human race which potent drugs cannot avert. 
 Here are maladies which medicines cannot cure. But the medical man, the 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 209 
 
 conservator of public health, realizing the dangers which threaten his com- 
 munity or state, may help, if he will, to parry those pathological blows 
 which the present aims at the future ; and, by timely warnings and appeals 
 to his clients of today, may save them for his own treatment, instead of con- 
 signing them to an asylum where his own fees cease from doubling and the 
 crazed ones are at rest." (Extracts from Seldon H. Talcott.) 
 
 Causes of Insanity. — Insanity is either inherited or acquired. 
 
 Inherited Insanity. — It may be inherited because of the high living, fast 
 society and dissipation of the parents. Elbert Hubbard says of those who 
 waste their substance upon a certain fashionable hotel air that they are apt 
 " to have gout at one end, general paresis at the other and Bright's disease 
 in the middle." 
 
 Hereditary influence is also caused by drunkenness, lust, fep,r, mental 
 anxiety, or even incompatibility if admitted to participation in the act of 
 impregnation, and these will often set the seal of their presence in the shape 
 of idiocy, imbecility, eccentricity or absolute insanity. 
 
 Acquired Insanity. — Insanity is acquired by: (a) Imperfect nutrition, 
 (b) By slight or almost imperceptible injuries to the brain, blows, and falls. 
 (Stop boxing the ears of children.) (c) By those fears that are sometimes 
 excited in the minds of young children for the purpose of government. 
 (Such as ghost stories, etc.) (d) By overtaxing the undeveloped physical 
 powers. (As by the overworking of the young in factories, etc.) (e) By 
 unwise forcing of the mind in its immature or undeveloped stage. (Such 
 as crowding children too hard at school.) (f) By premature or unnatural 
 excitement of the sexual organs of the young. (Masturbation, etc.) (g) By 
 suppression of the ambitions and powers, and tastes, and desires, of the en- 
 thusiastic adolescent (youth). (h) By solitude. (Such as the life of a 
 sheep herder which frequently causes melancholia which is a form of in- 
 sanity.) 
 
 History of Insanity. — The earliest reference to insanity is found in the 
 bible. Mention of it will be found in Deuteronomy, Samuel, Ecclesiastes 
 and Jeremiah. Hippocrates was the first physician who seemed to have any 
 true conception of the real nature of insanity. 
 Classification of Insanity According to Talcott. — 
 
 1. Melancholia, which includes all forms of mental depression. 
 
 8. Mania, which includes all forms of mental excitement. 
 
 3. Dementia, which includes all forms of mental weakness or failure 
 except idiocy and imbecility. 
 
 4. General Paresis, which is a distinct form of mental disease possess- 
 ing certain characteristics which demand that it shall be classified seperately. 
 In this form you will find conditions of mental depression, mental excite- 
 ment and mental weakness ; and in the course of this fatal disease you will find 
 that it embodies and embraces some elements of all other forms of insanity. 
 Definitions. — 
 
 Delusion. — A delusion is a false belief. 
 
 Hallucination. — This is a sensation without an object. Thus it is said 
 that an individual who hears voices when no sound strikes the ear, has 
 an hallucination. 
 
 Illusion. — The victim may see a ball rolling on the floor and may fancy 
 that it is an animal coming to destroy him. 
 
 Melancholia. — This is characterized by great depression. 
 14 
 
310 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Causes of Melancholia. — Predisposition, physical disease, dissipation, 
 work and worry, shock from sudden loss of friends or fortune, brooding, 
 disorders of faith, solitude. 
 
 Forms of Melancholia. — Simple, acute, sub-acute ; chronic ; melancholia 
 with stupor, with agitation, with resistance; acute delirious melancholia and 
 hypochondrical melancholia. 
 
 Mania. — This means a raving madness. 
 
 Causes of Mania. — Loss of property, mental anxiety, over-work, ill health, 
 injury to the brain, sunstroke, insufficient sleep, etc. 
 
 Forms of Mania. — 
 
 1. Several forms; namely, acute, sub-acute (paranoia) and chronic. 
 
 2. Special forms ; acute delirious, recurrent, periodic and circular. 
 
 3. Peculiar forms which are named from supposed causation as from 
 blows, masturbation, syphilis, puerperal fever, hysteria, climacteric, tuber- 
 cular, etc. 
 
 4. Disputed form.s such as monomania and moral mania. 
 
 . 5. Forms such as dipsomania, cretomania, nymphomania in women, 
 satyriasis in men, kleptomania, pyromania, etc. 
 
 Paranoia. — The person affected is called a paranoiac. He has delusions 
 of persecution or of ambition, grandeur, etc. 
 
 Dementia.-^This means strictly " out of mind " or without mind. In 
 dementia the faculties are simply enfeebled. In idiocy and imbecility they 
 are imperfect. 
 
 Idiocy. — This is a congenital absence of both cerebral and mental power. 
 
 Imbecility. — This means a checked or arrested development. 
 
 General Paresis. — This formidable and fatal disease is a cosmopolitan 
 type of all modern insanity and represents to the fullest degree the effects of 
 toil, worry and intemperance in every shade and form. It is a deep seated, 
 far reaching, intractable scourge which fastens its fangs upon the matured 
 brains of its victims and rarely, if ever, yields its hold. 
 
 Causes of General Paresis. — There are .comparatively few cases of gen- 
 eral paresis where the causes may not be traced to over work in the field of 
 worry, wine, and women. This disease usually develops between the ages 
 of 25 and 50 years. 
 TREATMENT FOR INSANITY.— 
 
 No care or toil ; soft, elastic and comfortable beds and pleasant, cheerfui 
 and sunshiny surroundings. 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — Avoid the causes. 
 
 " Bright surroundings, pleasant associations, stimulating encouragements, 
 abundant food of the best and plainest quality, fresh air, and active exercise 
 in the clear sunlight, together with the simple direction, not forcing, of the 
 mental faculties, will, in the course of patient time, produce from even poor 
 stock such a robust and cultured race as to be the astonishment of those 
 who furnish and mould the material." 
 
CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. 
 
 CHRONIC RHEUMATISM. 
 
 Description and Sjrniptoms. — This is a low grade of inflammation of the 
 structures about the larger joints which results in pain, soreness, stiffness and 
 disability of the parts and these are the main symptoms. ^ 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Care and Prevention. — A person with rheumatism needs to be very care- 
 ful of his habits. Flannel should be worn 9 months in the year. Care should 
 be taken when wet to change the wet clothing as soon as you stop moving. 
 Yon should not sweat and then sit down to cool off. You must not check 
 the perspiration. When sweating, do not go into a cool room or sit down 
 in the shade. One with rheumatism should not sleep on the ground floor 
 as the bed is very likely to be damp. It is better to sleep up-stairs. Do 
 not sleep in a bed that has not been slept in for weeks or months without 
 airing. " Spare beds," such as you get when you go visiting, are not good 
 for one with rheumatism or for any one else. All sleeping rooms should be 
 well aired and dry. The same applies to the bed coverings. These little 
 things count for much if you value your health as you should. 
 
 Local Treatment. — Fifty' per cent, ichthyol ointment should be rubbed 
 into the joints twice daily and may be alternated with chloroform liniment. 
 Chloroform liniment consists of 4 drams of tincture of Belladonna, 3 drams 
 of aconite, and 3 drams of chloroform. In other instances iodine ointment, 
 diluted one-half with lanolin, ^may be used. Wear warm flannel next to the 
 skin. 
 
 Springs and Baths. — Some of. these do much good for those who can 
 afford them. Among others there are good ones at Hot Springs in Arkansas, 
 Virginia, South Dakota, Banff in Canada, Bath in England and in Michigan 
 at Mt. Clemens, Battle Creek and Alma and in Wisconsin at Waukesha, etc. 
 Turkish baths are sometimes beneficial. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Take 5 grains of salicylate of soda 4 times a 
 day. Iodide of potash may be taken in the same doses or it may be mixed 
 with blood compounds composed of herbs. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The medicines used are the third dilution of 
 Belladonna, the second dilution of Bryonia and the sixth dilution of Rhus 
 Fox. (For preparation and dose see " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing 
 Department.) 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR VARIOUS KINDS OF RHEU- 
 MATISM.— 
 
 1. Celery. — A lady in New York writes that an eminent physician oi 
 her state has achieved quite a reputation for his success in treating cases of 
 chronic rheumatism. His remedy is nothing more nor less than the com- 
 mon garden celery. Boil some celery in water until it is quite soft and 
 let the patient drink freely of the liquor three or four times a day. It is 
 also beneficial when useid as a food. Those suffering from rheumatism ought 
 
 an 
 
313 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 not to despair of a cure until they have tried this simple but effective remedy, 
 3. Whiskey and Vinegar, — For painful joints apply equal parts of 
 whiskey and vinegar. 
 
 3. Cucumbers. — Put some full-grown cucumbers into a pot over a slow 
 fire ; add a little salt and leave over the fire for an hour. Press the juice from 
 the cucumbers, bottle tightly and place in the cellar for a week. Wet a 
 flannel cloth with this liquid and apply to the painful parts. 
 
 4. Eggs, Vinegar and Turpentine. — For external use put 3 eggs into 
 a pint of vinegar, shake well, and add Y^ pint of turpentine. 
 
 5. Baking Soda» — Take 1 even teaspoonful of common baking- soda in 
 a glass of cold water 3 times a day for 3 months. A lady living in Boston 
 writes, " This treatment was ordered for myself by two doctors at the Carney 
 Hospital, South Boston, Mass., when my arm was so bad that I could not 
 get it to my head, and it cured me." 
 
 6. Cayenne Pepper and Alcohol. — Let a quarter of a pound of cayenne 
 pepper stand for 10 days in a pint of alcohol and you will have one of the 
 best liniments ever used for rheumatism. , 
 
 7. Sweet Oil and Saltpeter. — In case of inflammatory rheumatism add 
 a pint of sweet oil to half an ounce of pulverized saltpeter and bathe the 
 affected parts. 
 
 8. Liniment. — To 1 pint of vinegar add % pint oi turpentine and into 
 this break an egg, shell and all. Rub on the parts several times a day. A 
 lady writes that this cured a friend of inflammatory rheumatism. 
 
 9. Salicylate of Soda. — Have some salicylate of soda put up in 5- 
 grain capsules and take one capsule in water 4 times a day. This is much 
 used by doctors for chronic rheumatism. Do not take it long enough to 
 affect the stomach or heart. 
 
 10. Bathing Drops. — Take 8 teaspoonfuls of cayenne pepper and 1 
 ounce each of hemlock oil, gum myrrh and pulverized gum guaiacum. Shake 
 well together and bottle for use. This is good for rheumatic pains or pains in 
 the head, stomach or elsewhere. B'athe the parts night and morning. 
 
 11. Potatoes.— A lady living in France sends us a treatment which 
 she says has cured many cases of sciatica. Boil a good-sized potato in a 
 quart of water. Before going to bed bathe the affected parts in this water 
 as hot as can be borne. Then mash the potato and bind on as a poultice. 
 In the morning again heat the water, which should have been saved, and 
 bathe the parts again. This treatment frequently cures in a few days but 
 m some cases it may take several weeks. 
 
 12. Blue Flag, Etc. — For sciatica take 15 drops of the fluid extract of 
 blue flag twice a day in a little water and three times a day rub thoroughly into 
 the back part of the thigh a liniment made of equal parts of iodine and 
 aqua ammonia. 
 
 13. Sweating Treatment. — In cases of acute rheumatism the first thing 
 Is to produce sweating. The warm vapor bath may be used for this purpose 
 or the patient may be placed in a warm bed with bottles of hot water or ears 
 of boiled corn around him. He should also drink freely of warm teas such 
 as catnip, sage, pennyroyal or flaxseed. 
 
 14. Poultices and Fomentations. — If the Joints are swollen and painful, 
 apply either warm or cold fomentations of lobelia and hops. Or hops and 
 stramonium leaves; or, poultices of bran or flaxseed or rye meal. After 
 
CONSTiTUTlONAL DISEASES. 813 
 
 warm poultices are removed the parts should be covered with cotton batting 
 or flannel. , 
 
 15. Stramonium Leaves.— Bruise some fresh stramonium leaves, mois- 
 ten with a little water and apply to the swollen or painful joints. Renew 
 3 or 4 times a day. This is recommended by both physicians and patients. 
 
 16. Sulphur. — Sprinkle some finely pulverized sulphur on a piece of 
 flannel and bind on the limb with the sulphur next to the skin, then cover 
 with cotton batting to keep the air away. 
 
 17. Hot Water Cloths. — Upon the first symptoms of rheumatism apply, 
 thoroughly and persistently, cloths wrung out of hot water. 
 
 18. Camphor, Ammonia, Etc. — Take % ounce of camphor, % ounce of 
 ammonia, 1/2 ounce of sulphuric ether and % pint of alcohol and apply ex- 
 ternally by rubbing on the parts 3 or 3 times a day. This does not soil 
 the clothing. 
 
 19. For Rheumatism, Etc. — Balsam tolu, gum guaiacum, gum hemlock 
 and gum myrrh, of each, coarsely powdered, 2 ounces ; oil of hemlock. 3 
 ounces ; oil of wintergreen, 2 ounces ; and alcohol, 1 gallon ; mix, and allow 
 them to steep for 2 weeks, frequently shaking. The dose is 1 drajn or more 
 in half a wineglassful of sweetened water. Besides rheumatism, this is also 
 good for flatulent colic, acid stomach and water brash. 
 
 20. Blue Flag. — For rheumatism take blue flag, either alone or in com- 
 bination. The dose of the tincture is from 10 to 20 drops and of the powder 
 from 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 21. For Chronic Rheumatism. — Take 1 pint of whiskey and 1 dram 
 each of cimicifugin, anthroxylin and apocynim. The dose is 1 tablespooriful 
 3 times a day. 
 
 22. Black Cohosh. — For acute and chronic rheumatism use from 5 to 
 10 drops of tincture of black cohosh every 2 to 4 hours. This is. also a great 
 remedy for womb troubles such as dysmenorrhea, leucorfhea, etc. 
 
 23. Blue Cohosh. — Blue cohosh is good for rheumatism of the small 
 joints. The dose of the tincture is % dram 3 times a day. 
 
 24. Queen of the Meadow. — A tea made from queen of the meadow is 
 good for rheumatism from kidney troubles. The dose is 2 to 4 ounces 4 
 times a day. 
 
 25. Prickly Ash Berries and Poke Berries.— Prickly ash berries and 
 poke berries, in the form of tincture or fluid extract, are very good for chronic 
 rheumatism and tertiary syphilis. The dose is from % to 1 dram. 
 
 26. Lamp Oil,- Skunk's Oil and Red Pepper. — For chronic rheumatism 
 take 2 ounces of skunk's oil, the same quantity of cheap lamp oil and 1 tea- 
 spoonful of red pepper ; shake well together and bathe with a piece of flannel 
 dipped into this mixture 
 
 37. For Chronic Rheumatism. — Mix thoroughly % ounce of the finest 
 turkey rhubarb and 1 ounce of carbonate of magnesia. Keep this well corked 
 in a glass bottle. The dose for chronic rheumatism is 1 teaspoonful in milk 
 and sugar the first thing in the morning. Repeat until cured. A lady in 
 Birmingham, Alabama, says she has tried this with success. 
 
 28. Lemon Juice. — The juice of 2 lemons taken in half a glass of 
 water before each, meal is a good remedy for rheumatism. 
 
 29. Sun Baths. — Take sun baths for rheumatism. 
 
214 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 MUSCULAR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 In this disease the muscles are stiff and sore. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Have the urine examined and if there is too 
 much acid in it give from 10 to 20 grains of bicarbonate of potassium in 
 water 3 or 4 times a day. In some cases common baking soda will do. 
 Salicylate of soda is also good and may be taken 3 times a day in from 10 
 to 15-grain doses. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The medicines are the third dilution of 
 Belladonna, the second dilution of Byronia, or the sixth dilution of Rhus 
 Tox. (See " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing Department for prepara- 
 tion and dose.) 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— (See home remedies under "Chronic 
 Rheumatism," also under " Lumbago and Weak Back.") 
 
 1. Blue Flag and Gin.— Buy five cents worth of blue flag root, let it 
 stand in 1 pint of gin for 24 hours, and take a tablespoonful 3 times a day. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This acts on the disordered liver and the blood. 
 
 2. Smartweed Tea. — Bathe the parts thoroughly with a strong tea 
 made of smartweed. 
 
 3. Baking Soda. — Every four hours give half a teaspoonful of common 
 baking soda. 
 
 LUMBAGO. 
 
 Description and Symptoms. — This is muscular rheumatism of the back, 
 or loins. It is very painful and occurs chiefly in working men. It comes 
 on suddenly and in severe cases it " downs " the patient, who may be un- 
 able to turn in bed or to rise from the sitting posture. The pain shoots 
 through the muscles of the back like lightning. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Allow rest, apply hot fomentations on the painful parts 
 and wear warm clothes when well. Morphine may have, to be given for the 
 pain in some cases. Keep the bowels open. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Take the sixth dilution of Rhus Tox., third 
 trituration of Tartar Emetic, third dilution of Belladonna or the second 
 dilution of Bryonia. (For preparation and dose see " Homeopathic Medi- 
 cines " in Nursing Department.) 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LUMBAGO AND WEAK BACK.— 
 
 1. Smartweed, Wormwood, and Vinegar. — Apply hot fomentations of 
 smartweed, wormwood, or vine[;ar and hops. 
 
 2. Origanum. Wormwood, Camphor and Turpentine. — ^Take an ounce 
 each of oil of origanum, wormwood, gum camphor and turpentine. Put 
 into a bottle and fill with alcohol. This is a fine liniment for a weak back. 
 
 3. General Liniment. — Take alcohol, spirits of camphor, aqua ammonia, 
 tincture of aconite and chloroform, of each 2 ounces and spirits of nitrous 
 ether, six ounces ; mix, and keep well corked. This is an excellent liniment 
 for backache, also for sprains, pains and bruises. This should not be taken 
 internally. 
 
 4. Turpentine and Kerosene. — Rub with turpentine or equal parts of 
 turpentine and kerosene. (Also see " Liniments.") 
 
 I 
 
CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. 215 
 
 STIFF NECK. 
 Torticollis. 
 
 Treatment. — Allow the parts to rest and apply a belladonna or a mus- 
 tard plaster. Chloroform liniment is good and so is equal parts of chloral 
 and camphor. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment — Use the third dilution of Belladonna, the 
 second dilution of Byronia, the second dilution of Aconite, or the sixth 
 dilution of Rhus Tpx. (For preparation and dose see " Homeopathic Medi- 
 cines " in Nursing Department.) 
 
 GOUT. 
 Podagra. 
 
 Description. — In this disease there are deposits in the joints and sur- 
 rounding tissues. The joint of the big toe is very commonly the most afifected. 
 
 Causes. — The precise cause is unknown. Heredity, mode of life as to 
 exercise and mental labor, high living, drinking, and age have much to do 
 with it. Commonly, it does not develop until after the thirtieth year of 
 age. Abuse of alcohol, over eating, and metal poisoning are among the 
 causes. 
 
 Symptoms. — The attack usually consists of a sudden onset of sharp 
 pain and inflammation of the ball of the big toe. The pain is very severe 
 and stabbing, the part swells rapidly and the skin is red and hot. It usually 
 develops after midnight. Though the inflammation is great there is never 
 the formation of pus. The acute form is followed by little disability in the 
 part after the attack. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Colchicine, iodine and the salicylates may be given in 
 proper doses by a doctor. For acute attacks, wine of colchicine root, in 20 
 to 40-drop doses may be given every 6 to 13 hours. Unload the bowels first 
 with from 10 to 20 grains of compound extract of colocynth. . You can also give 
 one dose of extract of hyoscyamus. The dose is from 1 to 2 grains. 
 
 A good lotion is the following: soda, 4 ounces; belladonna liniment, 
 4 ounces; tincture of opium, 1% ounces, and water, 8 ounces. Equal parts 
 of this and hot water should be used to saturate wool which has been 
 rolled around the joint and the dressing should be changed every 4 hours. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Drink plenty of water. Exercise in the open air; 
 golf is good. Do not use sweet wines, fats or rich foods. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Saleratus and Stramonium Leaves. — After holding the foot in warm 
 saleratus water for 15 or 20 minutes, apply a poultice of stramonium leaves. 
 This treatment will usually be found beneficial. 
 
 2. Hot Bran Poultices, — A warm poultice made of vinegar and bran 
 or weak lye and bran will often give relief. 
 
 3. Vinegar and Salt. — ^Take some vinegar and put in all the salt it 
 will dissolve. Apply with a soft flannel, rub with the hand, and dry by the 
 fire. Bathe for 15 minutes 4 times a day. As improvement proceeds the 
 number of daily applications may be diminished. 
 
 4. Raw Onions. — Eat a raw onion every morning for breakfast. It 
 may be eaten with salt and vinegar if preferred. 
 
ai« THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 OBESITY. 
 Fatness — Corpulence — Adiposity. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Poke root berries may be given in tablet form but you 
 must watch their effect. 
 
 Diet. — Exclude all sugars and sweet articles and all fat and richly 
 prepared food. Give lean meat and vegetables which are bulky but contain 
 little starch. 
 
 The following may be permitted — starch, lettuce, string beans, spinach, 
 cabbage, cauliflower and a limited amount of tomatoes. 
 
 The following should be excluded — potatoes in large amounts, bread, 
 peas, beans, and alcoholic drinks. If necessary order a mqre rigid diet. 
 Do not allow all the food he desires but let the patient suffer a little from 
 hunger. The following may aid in selecting a diet. 
 
 Breakfast. — Three ounces of lean meat, 1 ounce of bread without butter, 
 and a cup of tea or coffee sweetened with saccharin. Use no milk or sugar 
 
 Early Luncheon. — Eat a single soft-boiled egg with an ounce of bread. 
 
 Dinner. — Cup of clear soup, 2 ounces of fresh or salt fish and after this 
 3 or 3 ounces of lean meat. Also small quantities of the vegetables permit- 
 ted may be taken. Dessert — An apple, orange, pear or grape fruit. 
 
 Afternoon Luncheon. — Glass of milk or a cup of tea with a thick water 
 cracker. 
 
 Supper. — Three ounces of lean meat, lettuce with oil or vinegar, celery, 
 and 2 'ounces of bread, or zweibach, or crackers. 
 
 BED TIME.— Biscuit and glass of milk. 
 
 SUGAR DIABETES. 
 Diabetes Mellitus, 
 
 There are large quantities of urine passed and it contains sugar. There 
 is thirst, excessive appetite, and nutrition is impaired and in some cases 
 the patient steadily becomes emaciated, or thin. The presence of glucose 
 in the urine does not necessarily mean that the person is afiflicted with dia- 
 betes. The other conditions mentioned must also be present. The disease 
 is much more common in Europe than in the United States. 
 
 Causes. — The cause is not yet definitely known. 
 
 Symptonis. — The symptoms vary greatly in different cases. The dis- 
 ease may exist for some time before the pa,tient suffers very much. Gen- 
 erally, as the disease continues the patient notices that he passes urine more 
 frequently and in larger quantities. He develops more or less thirst and 
 loses sexual desire and power. Later he begins to feel languid and lazy. 
 He is usually constipated and an excessive appetite is developed. The 
 thirst, appetite, and loss of strength and flesh are usually in proportion to 
 the quantity of the urine passed and the amount of sugar in it. When the 
 patient passes much urine the tongue becomes glazed, dry, and raw in ap- 
 pearance. Sore throat and thrush may develop. The skin is dry and harsh 
 and the hair brittle and without lustre. The pulse is feeble and the tem- 
 perature below normal. The first symptoms of the disease may be re- 
 peated crops of boils or carbuncles. The stomach troubles are very annoying 
 and depend upon the excessive eating and drinking. Extreme constipation is 
 also often a troublesome feature. The disease is most fatal in persons under 
 twenty-five years of age and may destroy life in a few weeks. 
 
CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. 217 
 
 TREATMENT. — Drugs have a narrow limit in the treatment of this dis- 
 ease and especial care should be given to the diet. Keep the bowels open. 
 Give vichy water in large quantities and 20 or 30 grains of soda may be 
 given every 2 or 3 hours dissolved in vichy water. Opium diminishes the 
 quantity of sugar. The deodorized form of opium is generally the best. 
 Give 14 grain, one, two or three times a day to begin with and gradually 
 increase if necessary. In some instances from % to i/4 grain of morphine is 
 good and in other instances from ^ to 1 grain of codeine as a beginning dose 
 is good. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — Much can be done for the control of this disease 
 by proper attention to exercise and regulation of the diet. Sugars must 
 not be eaten. Both salt and fresh meat (excepting liver), butter, cheese 
 and the various oils and fats may be used. Fresh vegetables such as lettuce, 
 spinach, dandelion, cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, string beans, 
 celery, water cress, tomatoes, onions, cucumbers, etc., may all be eaten. 
 Olives and the various kinds of pickles and particularly all the nuts, except 
 chestnuts or nuts containing too much starch, may also be a part of the diet. 
 Oatmeal gruel may be eaten for a week or two and then the patient should 
 return to other foods for a time. Tea, coiifee and cocoa should not be 
 sweetened. 
 
 , The bread should be made in the following manner. Mix 2 ounces of 
 dried cocoa powder with a little water containing a small quantity of 
 German yeast, make into a sort of paste and put in a warm place for half an 
 hour or longer. Add 2 ounces aleuronat, 1 beaten egfr and a small quantity 
 of water in which a little saccharin has been dissolved. Mix all until a dough 
 is formed. Divide into cakes and bake in a moderate oven for 20 or 30 
 minutes. 
 
 Carefully avoid sweet fruits such as melons and grapes and those vege- 
 tables which contain a very large amount of starch and sugar. Rice, sweet 
 potatoes, beets, beans, peas and carrots contain sugar and starch and should 
 not be eaten. Potatoes are the best form of starch which can be eaten by 
 the patient with sugar diabetes. ' 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Bugleweed and Unicom Root. — Keep the bowels open .with some 
 mild cathartic, such as rhubarb, and drink frequently of a tea made of equal 
 parts of bugleweed and unicorn root. 
 
 2. Diet. — Eat nothing except beef and bread made from gluten flour. 
 3- Ergot.-^A noted French physician used the fluid extract of ergot in 
 
 small teaspoonful doses three times a day. 
 
 DIABETES INSIPIDUS. 
 
 Description. — In this disease the patient passes a large quantity of water 
 but with no sugar. The disease is more common in males than in females 
 and is more common under the age of thirty years. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a very excessive flow of urine. Then there is 
 constant thirst, a dry mouth, and a very dry and wrinkled looking skin. 
 Manv cases recover from this disease. 
 
 Treatment. — Drug treatment is unsatisfactory. Care and attention 
 should be given to the stomach, liver, bowels and kidneys so that they can 
 do good work. 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 
 
 (Including Tumors, Cancers, Carbuncles, Boils, Etc.) 
 
 TUMORS AND CANCERS. 
 Sarcoma — Carcinoma — Sarcomata — Carcinomata. 
 
 A tumor is a neoplasm, that is, a new growth. It originates from pre- 
 existing tissues, except when they are meta-static (moving). Tumors are 
 benign and malignant. A benign tumor is usually composed of tissues re- 
 sembling those in which it originates. A malignant tumor usually consists 
 of tissues widely different from those in which it originates. The kinds of 
 tumors are: fibrous, fatty, cartilaginous, osseous or bony, muscular, vas- 
 cul' i", vascular or erectile, nerve and lymphatic. 
 
 Cancers and Malignant Growths. — If an operation is to be performed 
 it should be performed early. Tumors in the breast should be carefully 
 watched. An injury will make them grow faster. Injury causes many of 
 them to become malignant. If they are all taken out early the result is 
 good. The trouble is that people wait too long. I do not believe in opera- 
 tions unless they are absolutely necessary but when they are necessary, the 
 sooner they are performed, the better. 
 
 Cancer of the womb or of the lip should be operated on early. Cancci 
 of the lip is frequently caused by the pipe and especially by a hot pipe. Can- 
 cer in the throat, and oftentimes on the tongue, does not give such good 
 results from operation. 
 
 Do not let every physician use the X-Ray on you for tumors or canCers. 
 Some are helped but many are terribly injured. Only an expert should 
 use this for any growth. 
 
 Technically speaking, medicines do not yet cure cancers though many 
 so-called cancers are cured. For these, a number of good home remedies 
 are given* 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CANCERS, TUMORS AND 
 ULCERS.— 
 
 1. Egg, Soot and Arsenic. — Mix the white of an egg with wood soot 
 to make a paste; add 10 grains of arsenic and of this make a plaster and 
 apply to the cancer. When it breaks or is killed, apply a slippery elm poul- 
 tice and keep on until all is removed and the sore is healed. A man living 
 near Zanesville, Ohio, has removed a number of cancers from various people 
 with this plaster and this receipt was obtained from a relative of the man 
 who has been so successful with it. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — In using arsenic you must watch its effects very 
 carefully. 
 
 2. Poke Root Poultice. — Roast some poke root in hot ashes until soft, 
 then mash and make a poultice with hot water. This is not only good for 
 tumors but is a most excellent application for caked breasts. 
 
 3. Sheep Sorrel. — An old Indian doctor living in Oregon has been 
 very successful in treating cancer by bruising sheep sorrel upon brass and 
 applying as a poultice as long as the patient tan bear it. He alternates this 
 
 218 
 
SKIN DISEASES. ' 219 
 
 with a bread and milk poultice but always leaves the sorrel on as long as 
 possible. This treatment is continued until the cancer is drawn out by 
 the roots. The writer knows of two persons who were cured in this manner 
 after their physicians had pronounced a cure impossible. It is also well to 
 drink a tea made of the sheep sorrel. 
 
 4. Wild Parsnip. — Take the common wild parsnip roots, simmer on 
 the stove till thick like paste, spread on a .piece of chamois skin, and apply 
 to the cancer. The man sending us this recipe says the cancer will come 
 out by the roots and the sore may then be healed with any good ointment. 
 
 5. Red Clover Blossoms. — The extract of red clover blossoms has been 
 used by physicians to cure many cancers. It thoroughly cleanses the blood 
 of its impurities and may be used for cancer of the stomach as well as on 
 the surface. Instead of using the extract you can make a tea of clover 
 blossoms and drink of it freely. 
 
 6. Egg and Salt. — Take the yolk of an egg and stir in salt as long as 
 it will receive it. Mix this with the white of the egg to form a salve. 
 Twice a day put a part of this on some sticking plaster and apply to the 
 cancer. 
 
 7. Beeswax, Lard, Verdigris and SnufF. — Melt 1 ounce of beeswax, 
 add 1% pounds of lard, and stir in 1 ounce of verdigris and l^ pound of 
 Scotch snuflF and apply as a plaster. Good for cancers, tumors and ulcers. 
 
 8. Poke Root. — Apply a plaster made from the dried juice of the leaves 
 of the common poke root. Many cures are reported as the result of the 
 application of poke root. 
 
 ABSCESS. 
 
 Description. — An abscess is a circumscribed collection of pus (matter). 
 
 Causes. — Abscesses are usually caused by the presence of pus germs 
 in the tissues. 
 
 Symptoms of Acute Abscess. — There is local swelling and pain and 
 frequently a chill or a gradual rise of temperature. Finally the parts soften 
 and the pus reaches the surface. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Painting with tincture of iodine sometimes helps. Use 
 hot fomentations as soon as there is pus. In some places there is great 
 danger in delay, especially when the abscess is near a joint. To bring it 
 to a head use a bread and milk poultice with a little catnip added ; or, a 
 flaxseed, corn meal or slippery elm poultice. For an adult from % to 1 tea- 
 spoonful of laudanum may be put into the poultice if there is much pain. 
 
 How to open an Abscess. — Use a knife that has been placed in boil- 
 ing water for at least five minutes. Wash the parts thoroughly with a 
 linen or gauze cloth dipped into water that has been boiled. Some anti- 
 septic should be added to it if you have it. Dp not squeeze the abscess 
 muc^i. Syringe it with hot water or an antiseptic and a clean syringe. 
 You can put 15 or 20 drops of carbolic acid into a cup of water and syrmge 
 with this. Use antiseptics like listerine, etc., if you have them, but boiled 
 water will do. After you have thoroughly cleansed the abscess, put some 
 absorbent cotton on it, cover it over with a little gauze, and fasten with ad- 
 hesive plaster; or, if you do not have these things, use carbolized salve on 
 linen, or even salt water will do, and cover up. You must take this care and 
 especially when the abscess is located near a joint or on the neck. Most of 
 the common abscesses get well after opening, with little treatment, but 
 
220 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 they often leave a bad scar. An abscess under the jaw must be carefully 
 opened because there are so many blood vessels in that region, 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Flaxseed and Bread and Milk Poultices. — An abscess may be dravirn 
 to a head by poulticing with flaxseed, or bread and hot milk; or, hot water 
 compresses may be used. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Local applications for an abscess, to draw it 
 to a head, if they are to be of any benefit must possess heat, moisture, and 
 some drawing power. Something like laudanum or poppy heads is fre- 
 quently needed to relieve the pain. The above remedies have heat, mois- 
 ture and some drawing power. 
 
 2. Fomentations. — Apply fomentations of marshmallow. chamomile 
 flowers, poppji- heads or hemlock leaves. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Poppy heads and chamomile flowers relieve the 
 pain and marshmallow allays the inflammation. 
 
 3. Iodine. — Paint the affected parts with iodine and repeat once a 
 day until a cure is affected. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This is a good remedy when applied early. 
 
 4. Tomatoes. — Boil some tomatoes and thicken with meal or bran. 
 Apply to the abscess and keep on warm for two days. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This poultice has moisture, the corn meal has 
 heat and the tomatoes contain an acid which is astringent and helps to draw. 
 The word astringent is frequently used in medicine. It means the power 
 to check discharges, whether of blood, mucus or any other secretion. As- 
 tringents act by contracting the tiny blood vessels and secreting orifices. The 
 chief astringents are sugar of lead, nitrate of silver, tannic acid (tannin), 
 gallic acid, sulphate of zinc, kino calectin, dilute mineral acids, and alum. 
 Tea contains tannin and is therefore an astringent. Oak bark is also an 
 astringent. 
 
 5. Diet and General Treatment. — There is no objection to the use of 
 poultices such as ground flaxseed, slippery elm, bread and milk and such 
 like, during the forming stages of an abscess, but they should never be used 
 in case of a fully matured and discharging abscess. Washing with warm 
 water and castile soap and the use of simple dressings are best. In many 
 cases a nourishing diet is strictly demanded together with such other means 
 as will tend to strengthen the system ; but when' an abscess occurs in a 
 robust person, with a predisposition to inflammatory diseases, the diet 
 should be restricted to the simplest kind. This applies to internal as well 
 as external abscesses. 
 
 CARBUNCLES. 
 Description and Symptoms. — A carbuncle is a very painful inflamma- 
 tion of the lower or true skin. The painful part begins to swell, harden, 
 and discolor, generally assuming a purplish color. After 5 or 6 days little 
 openings form in the swollen and discolored place, from which there is- 
 sues a yellowish, mattery substance. The swelling and hardness continue 
 to increase in circumference. Only a little matter comes from each hole but 
 these holes gradually widen and run together until by degrees a consider- 
 able portion of the skin is entirely destroyed ; or, the outer skin may be raised 
 in a greenish blister which finally breaks. We now see the dead tissue 
 underneath; the matter discharges more freely and large pieces of the dead 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 321 
 
 tissue slough off with it. The loss of flesh may amount to several inches. 
 Carbuncles are much more destructive and dangerous than are boils. They 
 appear most frequently on the back of the neck, along the spine, on the 
 forehead and on the buttocks and aged people are chiefly affected with them. 
 When they' appear with diabetes they are hard to heal and usually mean 
 death. 
 
 Treatment — Open thoroughly and deeply with a sharp, clean knife 
 which has been placed in boiling water for at least five minutes before using. 
 Make two cuts, crosswise ; then dress twice a day and scrape out all the 
 dead tissue. Some advise burning out the dead tissue with carbolic acid 
 but this might be dangerous in aged people. All dressing must be done 
 cleanly. Have at hand some absorbent cotton, gauze and adhesive plaster. 
 After dressing, wet the cotton with some antiseptic solution like listerine 
 and place this on the carbuncle and cover with more cotton and gauze and 
 fasten in place with the adhesive plaster. The dressing is done by washing 
 the part v/ell with cotton, gauze, or clean linen which is dipped into some 
 antiseptic solution like listerine. Use some antiseptic, if possible, but if 
 there is none within reach, use boiling water. Dig out the dead tissue with 
 a clean, boiled instrument, syringing if necessary with an antiseptic solu- 
 tion or peroxide of hydrogen, full strength. Clean and re-dress the car- 
 buncle frequently. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Salt and Turpentine. — Bind salt upon the carbuncle and keep it wet 
 with turpentine. 
 
 3. Flaxseed Poultice. — Poultice with flaxseed meal. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This contains heat and moisture and through 
 its sedative properties is soothing to the carbuncle. This is also true of 
 the slippery elm poultice. 
 
 3. Slippery Elm Poultice.— Apply a poultice of slippery* elm bark to 
 the carbuncle. 
 
 4. Egg, Turpentine, Camphor and Flour. — Take the yolk of an egg, 
 two tablespoonfuls of turpentine, a teaspoonful of pulverized camphor gum 
 and enough flour to form a paste. Bind this on the carbuncle with a piece of 
 muslin. 
 
 Physician's Rem^irks. — The yolk of an tgg is right lively in its drawing 
 powers. 
 
 5. Tannin. — A man in North Dakota cured some very bad carbuncles 
 with tannin. He sprinkled as much into the openings as would dissolve and 
 in 34 hours washed them with castile soap; this treatment he continued until 
 cured. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Tannin is an astringent, lessens the discharge^ and 
 allays the odor. 
 
 6. Yolk of Egg. — If you desire something to draw, nothing better will 
 be found than the yolk of an egg mixed with salt. 
 
 7. Carbolic Acid. — Crude carbolic acid is sometimes used for carbuncles 
 but should be used with great care. 
 
 8. Egg, Sugar and Flour. — Take the yolk of an egg, 1 teaspoonful of 
 white sugar, and 1 teaspoonful of flour; mix well together and bind on as 
 a poultice. This will not increase the pain. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This is good for getting rid of the dead tissue 
 of a carbuncle. 
 
322 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 9. Bread and Milk Poultice. — A bread and milk poultice is both draw- 
 ing and soothing. 
 
 10. Wild Cherry, Burdock, Yellow Dock and Dandelion. — Make a strong 
 tea of equal parts of wild cherry bark, and the roots of burdock, yellow dock 
 and dandelion. Sweeten and take a tablespoonful three times a day. This 
 is to get the blood in good condition. 
 
 11. Smartweed. — Poultice the carbuncle with smartweed. 
 
 BOILS. 
 Furunculosis. 
 
 Dci^cription. — A boil is an inflammation of a spot in, or under the skin 
 and there is the formation of pus as a result of this inflammation. Boils 
 frequently appear in persons suffering with sugar diabetes. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Tincture of iodine painted on boils sometimes stops 
 them if applied early. You can poultice with flaxseed meal or with a bread and 
 milk pouhice to which a little catnip has been added. Have the poultices 
 just large enough to thoroughly cover the boils and keep them hot. The 
 application of poultices should be stopped when the boil comes to a head 
 and it should be opened. Burdock, yellow dock, leptandrin and sarsaparilla 
 are all good to take internally for the blood. When they come with diabetes 
 they are hard to cure. If you have many boils or carbuncles you should 
 have the urine analyzed for sugar. . Keep the kidneys and bowels working well. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment, — Apply two per cent, salicylate ointment twice 
 daily. Internally take % grain of calcium sulphide' four times a day. At 
 first paint the sore with collodion and renew the coat every hour, until a 
 heavy covering is formed. If pus forms it must be opened. The poultices 
 should contain sweet oil, and if there is much pain they should contain lau- 
 danum. Alc9hol and camphor applied locally are good in the first stages. 
 When boils occur in the external ear, syringe the canal frequently with hot 
 water and open the boil when it is ripe. The following ointment will be 
 found excellent for the pain. To 1 dram of petrolatum add 4 grains of iodo- 
 form and 2 grains of menthol. Smear this on some cotton and put into the ear 
 two or three times a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Chamomile Flowers. — A poultice of chamomile flowers will draw 
 a boil to a head so that it may be opened. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — A chamomile poultice holds heat and moisture 
 for a long time and it has a sedative, or quieting and soothing, action on the 
 local parts which is due to its oily constituents. 
 
 2. Castor Oil and Lime Water. — " Apply castor oil freely to the boil and 
 at the same time take lime water to cleanse the blood of its impurities," writes 
 a lady who has tried it. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The calciunf in the lime water is what aids in 
 purifying the blood. 
 
 3. Com Meal, Onions and Soap. — Take 1 cupful of corn meal, 3 laree 
 onions cut up fine, and 2 ounces of laundry soap; mix, and apply as a hot 
 poultice. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This poultice not only has heat and moisture, 
 which are desired, but the soap and onions have drawing power. 
 
 4. Onion Poultice. — Apply an onion poultice. Fry some onions in lard 
 and use soft and hot. 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 238 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This contains three things to be desired; namely, 
 heat, moisture and drawing power. 
 
 5. Flaxseed or Linseed Meal Poultice. — Apply a flaxseed or linseed 
 meal poultice. This retains heat and moisture for a long time. 
 
 6. Onions. — Fry some onions in lard aijd mix with a little softened bees- 
 wax. Apply to the pa-ts. 
 
 7. Brown Paper. — Burn some brown paper and apply to the boil. 
 
 8. Iodine. — The application of tincture of iodine in the first stages 
 wiil often scatter or dry up the boil. 
 
 9. Lily Poultice. — Boil some white lily root, make a poultice, and apply 
 to the boil. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Adding laudanum to any of the above remedies 
 will lessen the pain. 
 
 10. Camphor.— Apply spirits of camphor freely. 
 
 11. Carbolic Acid. — Apply diluted carbolic acid to the parts. Use with 
 care. 
 
 FELON. 
 Run-Around — Whitlow — Paronychia — Panaratium. 
 
 There are two kinds — the superficial and the deep seated. 
 
 Description of Superficial Variety. — This kind is generally seated imme- 
 diately around and beneath the finger nail, commencing either at the side, 
 the back, or the end of the finger. It is of a dusky red, tender, anc' '^ery pain- 
 ful on pressure and throbs violently and continually but is not swollen much. 
 Two or three days later matter is seen under the outer skin and sometimes 
 it is also under the nail. These are the kind of felons that can be stopped 
 with such remedies as the home remedies given below. 
 
 Description of Deep Seated Variety. — In this variety the deeper struc- 
 tures are affected and the pain is terrible. The tough covering of the bone is 
 affected and pus appears next to the bone and underneath this tough cover- 
 ing and the swelling is what causes the terrific pain. There is but one thine 
 to do for this kind of felon and that is to open it early and thoroughly. If 
 you do not do this you will suffer terribly for days and nights and may 
 lose the use of a joint or have a crippled finger or hand. However, if opened 
 properly, one openi'ng is all that will be necessary, unless the felon comes 
 in the palm of the hand where deep opening is dangerous on account of the 
 blood vessels. 
 
 How to Open a Felon. — Have a curved knife with both edges sharp and 
 it should be placed in boiling water for at least 5 minutes before usine. 
 Place the patient's hand on the table with the felon side up, and this is usually 
 the palm. Put the patient's arm away from the body and stand behind the 
 elbow. Put the knife carefully on the finger a little ways from the felon 
 and on the side nearest the hand. Call the patient's attention to something- 
 at the other side of the room and while he is looking away press down hard 
 with the knife and as you press down he will ierk and thus make the cut 
 long enough. As the table is solid he cannot jerk down away from the 
 knife and the cut will go through the covering of the bone as desired and in 
 10 minutes there will be very little pain. The knife must go through the 
 tough membrane which covers the bone or you will hurt the patient without 
 doing him any good. Have a sharp knife, a solid table, and press hard, as it 
 will not hurt any more and it will all be over in two seconds. As a genera! 
 
9U THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 thing, I would discharge any doctor who saw a bone felon early and had to 
 open it more than once. Placing the hand on the table is essential; the 
 sharp knife and pressure will do the rest Remember that you must cut deep 
 enough to go through the periostetim, or covering of the bone. The pus 
 is between this covering and the bone and you must make an opening for it. 
 If you do not, it will, after many days and nights of suFering, burrow through, 
 and destroy much flesh. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FELONS.— 
 
 1. Egg and Salt, — To prevent a felon apply the white of an egg with 
 y2 teaspoonful of salt added. If applied in time no one need have a felon. 
 
 2. Sugar, Lime, Whiskey and Kerosene. — To draw a felon to a head 
 nothing is better than to take brown sugar and unslaked lime in equal parts 
 and add enough of a mixture of equal parts of whiskey and kerosene to make 
 a salve. Bind this on the felon and in 84 hours it will be ready to open. 
 
 3. Indian Turnip, Bread and Milk. — Take either the green or the dried 
 root of the Indian turnip which is commonly called Jack in the Pulpit; grate 
 a teaspoonful into eight tablespoonfuls of sweet milk ; simmer for a few min- 
 utes; thicken with bread; and apply like a poultice as hot as can be borne. 
 This is good for both felons and carbuncles. 
 
 4. Sa'* and Turpentine. — Take equal parts of finely powdered dry rock 
 salt and spirits of turpentine and apply to the felon, changing as it becomes 
 dry. 
 
 5. Camphor and Gunpowder. — Bind some gun powder on a felon an'' 
 keep it wet with spirits of camphor and relief will be obtained in 2 or 3 hours 
 
 6. Weak Lye Water. — Keep the finger in a cup of weak lye which is 
 kept as hot as .can be borne. If too tiresome, rest and try it again. It will 
 save weeks of suffering and may save a finger. 
 
 7. Turpentine, — Wrap the finger with cloth and keep thoroughly wet 
 with turpentine for two or three days. Begin when the felon first appears. 
 
 8. Salt and Vinegar.^— Take pure vinegar, heat it, add a little salt and 
 hold the finger in it as hot as can be borne. ^ 
 
 9. " Hound's Tongue." — Bruise the leaves of " hound's tongue " and 
 apply hot. Change when dry. 
 
 10. Fly Blister. — A fly blister the size of the thumb nail will draw the 
 felon to a head in 5 or 6 hours when it may be opened and the pus let out. 
 
 11. Lye Water, Soap and Turpentine. — Soak the finger or affected part 
 for half an hour in strong lye, or ashes and water, as hot as can be borne. 
 Do this 2 or 3 times a day and apply a poultice of soft soap and turpentine. 
 If the felon comes to a head, lance it, poultice with lye and elm bark, and 
 heal with some good salve. 
 
 12. Egg, Turpentine, Soap, Salt and Meal. — Take the yolk of an egg, 
 10 drops of spirits of turpentine, a small quantity of hard soap, and a tea- 
 spoonful each of burnt salt and Indian meal ; mix, and apply to the felon. 
 
 13. Turpentine and Flour. — Take a little Venice turpentine, thicken it 
 with wheat flour and apply as a thin plaster. 
 
 14. Soap and Brown Sugar.— A plaster made of equal parts of soap and 
 brown sugar is good when applied to a felon. 
 
 15. Honey and Flour. — Take a little honey and stir in wheat flour to 
 make a paste and apply this to the felon as a plaster. 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 3»S 
 
 WENS. 
 
 Descriptipn. — Wens are encysted tumors varying from the size of a 
 small pea to the size of a walnut or even an orange. They are generally 
 movable. They very often appear on the head and frequently get sore from 
 combing and brushing. 
 
 Treatment. — They are harmless unless they get sore. They may easily 
 be taken out with a knife. They may also be eaten out with salve made of 
 equal parts of fine salt and the yolk of an egg but it will take some time. 
 
 ULCERS. 
 Treatment. — Burnt alum is good for ulcers and for proud flesh. Witch 
 hazel is a good aplication for ulcers on the legs. Apply lime to old lazy 
 ulcers that need life. Either tannic" acid or strong white oak bark are good 
 for some. Apply peroxide of hydrogen when there is much mucus-pus. 
 Also apply a hot pack to liven them up. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— (Also see " Home Remedies for Cancers, 
 Tumors and Ulcers.") 
 
 1. Potato and Charcoal. — Apply a poultice of equal parts of scraped 
 raw potato and finely powdered charcoal. The lady from whom this recipe 
 was obtained says that her son had a foul sore of long standing on his leg 
 and that different physicians doctored him without success. She at last 
 accidentally ran across this recipe in an old medical book and decided to 
 try it with the result that the sore was entirely healed up and has not ap- 
 peared again. . 
 
 3. Bread, Flaxseed and Charcoal. — Let an ounce of bread stand in 5 
 ounces of hot water near the' fire for 10 minutes and add 5 drams of powdered 
 flaxseed and two drams of charcoal, thus forming a soft poultice. This will 
 be found excellent for ulcers. 
 
 3. Slippery Elm. — A slippiery elm poultice is a good application for 
 ulcers. 
 
 4. Sugar, Alum, Bluestone, Etc. — A lady living in Canada sends tht 
 following recipe which she says will cure ulcers or old sores. Put into a 
 quart bottle six drams of loaf sugar, 4 drams of alum, 2^2 drams of blue- 
 stone, 1 dram of sugar of lead and 1 tablespoonful of honey; then pour in 
 a pint of vinegar and shake several times a day until it is dissolved. Applv 
 3 times a day. Weaken with water when you first apply it as it will smart. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — This treatment will be found good. 
 
 WARTS. 
 
 Take 30 grains of salicylic acid and 1 ounce of vinegar; mix, and apply 
 frequently. Or, they may be burnt out with either nitric or sulphuric acid. 
 Apply the acid with a match or tooth pick and do not get it upon the sur- 
 rounding parts. Apply pitch of the arbor vitse tree; or, get some tincture 
 of thuja occidentalis at the drug store and apply that. Thuja is especially 
 good for very large warts. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Arbor Vitae. — Rub the wart frequently with the gum from the arbor 
 vitae tree. 
 
 2. Milkweed. — Bruise milkweeds and apply the milk that runs from 
 them to the warts several times a day and they will soon come off. 
 
 15 
 
236 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 3. Ashes and Vinegar. — Burn some common willow bark, mix the 
 ashes with strong vinegar and apply frequently. 
 
 4. Sal Ammoniac. — Moisten a piece of sal ammdniac and rub on the wart 
 thoroughly every night and morning. 
 
 5. Acetic Acid. — Cut away the dry hard skin and touch them once or 
 twice a day with strong acetic acid. Be careful not to let the acid touch the 
 surrounding skin. 
 
 6. Sulphur and Alcohol. — Mix thoroughly half an ounce of sulphur 
 with the same quantity of alcohol and apply freely once or twice a day. 
 
 7. Cinnamon Oil. — Apply it several times a day for a week or more. 
 A lady living at Garrettsville, Ohio, says she cured a seed wart with this. 
 It must be used some time but will effect a cure. 
 
 8. Rosin Weeds. — The milk from rosin weeds frequently applied, will 
 remove warts. 
 
 9. Iodine. — The application of iodine will remove warts. 
 
 10. Baking Soda. — Dissolve enough common baking soda in water to 
 make it thick, rub on the wart as often as you please and it will soon disap- 
 pear. A lady living in Birmingham, Alabama, writes, " I have seen this tried 
 many times and always with success." 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BUNIONS. 
 
 1. Stream of Water. — Let a stream of very warm water fall from a 
 teakettle directly upon the swelling. Let the water fall as far, as the patient 
 can stand it and repeat every day until cured. 
 
 2. Boracic Acid. — Sprinkle boracic acid in the shoes. 
 
 3. Iodine. — " Paint with iodine night and morning and the soreness 
 will soon be relieved'. I cured two bunions in this way," writes a lady from 
 Garrettsville, Ohio. 
 
 4. Salicylic Acid. — Apply salicylic acid to the parts. 
 
 5. Flaxseed and Smartweed. — Apply poultices or fomentations of 
 smartweed. 
 
 6. Turpentine. — Apply cloths wrung out of turpentine. 
 
 7. Saltpeter and Sweet Oil. — A well tried remedy is to dissolve five 
 cents worth of saltpeter in some sweet oil and rub the joint every night and 
 morning. Use more frequently if the bunion is very painful. 
 
 CORNS. 
 
 Apply the following formula night and morning for several days. Take 
 salicylic acid, 30 grains; extract cannabis ind., 10 grains and collodii, i/o 
 ounce. Apply with a camel's-hair brush. After it has been applied for 
 several days, soak the corn in hot water and it will come out. For soft 
 corns, first wash and dry the parts and then apply a solution of nitrate of 
 silver, using 60 grains of silver nitrate to an ounce of water. Apply every 
 4 or 5 days. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Lemon. — A lady writes from Georgia saying that she has cured 
 several corns by binding on a piece of lemon at night and leaving until 
 morning. Two or three applications are all that are needed. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — ^This will be found to be an effective treatment 
 in many cases. 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 327 
 
 3. Tobacco and Pine Pitch. — Boil some tobacco to make an extract, 
 mix with white pine pitch and apply to the corn. Renew once a week until 
 the corn is gone. 
 
 3. Potato Skins. — Place the inside of the skin of a boiled potato to the 
 corn and let it remain for 12 hours. 
 
 4. Boracic Acid. — Sprinkle boracic acid in the shoes for either corns 
 or foot sweating. 
 
 5. Vaseline and Camphor. — Mix vaseline with camphor and apply fre- 
 quently. 
 
 6. Bran an^ Vinegar. — Soak some bran in cider vinegar and bind on 
 the corn for three nights. 
 
 7. Camphor, Kerosene and Turpentine. — Put ten cents worth of cam- 
 phor gum into a half pint bottle and fill with equal parts of kerosene and tur- 
 pentine. Apply night and morning and the soreness will soon be relieved. 
 
 8. Adhesive Plaster. — Put adhesive plaster on the corn and wear for 
 some time. It relieves the pressure and consequently the pain. 
 
 9. Alum and Turpentine. — Apply either alum water or turpentine for 
 corns. 
 
 10. Hot Water. — Soak the corns daily in hot water for some time anc 
 then carefully take away the loose tissue. 
 
 11. Oil of Peppermint. — A little oil of peppermint rubbed over a sensi- 
 tive corn relieves the soreness in a remarkable way. 
 
 12. Camphor. — For soft corns apply, 2 or 3 times daily, a piece of cotton 
 wet with tincture of camphor and keep cotton between the toes until the 
 corns have entirely disappeared. 
 
 13. Ivy and Vinegar. — Soak a piece of ivy in vinegar and bind on the 
 corn at night. In the morning the corn may be picked out unless it is an 
 obstinate one when it may require 2 or 3 applications to effect a cure. 
 
 14. Turpentine. — Wrapping a piece of linen wet in turpentine about the 
 toe night and morning will cure soft corns. 
 
 15. Shoes. — Preventive treatment is best. Wear shoes that fit you. 
 Don't crowd a number eight foot into a number four shoe. 
 
 SWEATING OF FEET. 
 Bromidrosis. 
 ' Apply belladonna ointment at night for adults. Watch for a dry throat 
 and enlarged pupils for these indicate the use of too much belladonna. A 
 teaspoonful of boric acid to a cup of water is good as a wash. The oin.t- 
 ment is very good for chapped hands and face and also for sweating feet and 
 hands. It should be applied at night. Either salicylic or boric acid are good 
 when dusted over the parts. Or, you can use an ointment made of equal 
 parts of salicylic acid and powdered corn starch. 
 
 NIGHT SWEATS. 
 
 From 1/250 to 1/60 of a grain of atropine may be used once a day but 
 should only be prescribed by one who has knowledge of its action. Give 
 tv/enty to thirty grains of camphoric acid an hour before time for the sweat- 
 ing to begin. Give this in capsule form. It will be found good and is safer 
 than the atropine. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The second dilution of China and the third 
 dilution of Phosphoric Acid are good when continued for some time. 
 
228 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Nutmeg, Alum, Cloves, Etc. — Take one good-sized nutmeg, a lump 
 of alum of the same size and a teaspoonful of cloves; pulverize all and add 
 to half a pint of brandy or good whiskey. Dose — A tablespoonful 3 times a 
 day, shaking well each time before using. 
 
 2. Sage Tea. — Drink freely of cold sage tea. The warm sponge bath 
 should be used at night and cold sponging of the body in the morning on 
 rising. Wipe dry each time and make use of severe friction or rubbing with 
 a coarse dry towel. 
 
 3. White Oak Bark — Vinegar and Whiskey. — Bathing the body occa- 
 sionally with a weak decoction of white oak bark will be found serviceable. 
 Vinegar and whiskey are also good for this purpose. 
 
 4. Blood Root. — Five drops of acetic blood root taken 3 times a day is 
 a good remedy for night sweats. 
 
 5. Whiskey and Quinine. — Mix whiskey with about two ounces of 
 quinine, shake it up and sponge off every night. 
 
 CHILBLAINS. 
 
 Cabbage leaves are a good application for chilblains. Either alum water 
 or turpentine is good as a wash. If the parts are unbroken either tincture 
 of capsicum or prepared paper of capsicum may be applied. A salve made 
 of rosin and ichthyol ointment is good. Iodine and lard in equal parts will 
 also give relief. » 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— Foi- Chilblains and Frostbites. 
 
 1. Starch. — Moisten some powdered starch and rub on the parts to 
 stop the itchirig. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Starch is not only an important element of food 
 but is a good application for burns and scalds. 
 
 2. Lime Water and Kerosene. — Apply lime water and kerosene in 
 equal parts. After the blisters break apply flaxseed or bread and milk poul- 
 tice. 
 
 3. Kerosene. — Wet a cloth with kerosene and apply to the affected 
 parts. 
 
 4. Potatoes and Salt. — Slice some raw potatoes, leaving the skins on ; 
 sprinkle a little salt over them and wash the chilblains with the liquid that 
 
 ' settles in the bottom of the dish. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — The chief virtue in the potatoes is the starch and 
 the salt helps to draw this virtue from them. 
 
 6. Brandy and Salt. — Rub the parts with brandy and salt. This re- 
 duces the inflammation and hardens the skin. Some very obstinate cases 
 have been cured by this treatment. 
 
 6. Alum. — Dissolve a little alum in some water, bathe the affected 
 parts and warm before the fire. Two or three applications \yill give relief. 
 
 7. Hot Salt Water. — Once a week bathe the feet and hands in hot salt 
 water. This is both a preventive and a cure. 
 
 8. Vinegar and Salt. — Bathe the parts every evening before RoinR to 
 bed with hot vinegar in which there has been dissolved a handful of salt. 
 
 9. Turpentine and Sassafras. — Morning and evening apply a solution 
 of an ounce of turpentine and three-eighths of an ounce of oil of sassafras. The 
 turpentine may be used alotie if the sassafras is not at hand. 
 
 10. Boracic Acid. — Sprinkle boracic acid in the shoes. 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 239 
 
 11. Carbolic Acid. — Put 4 or 5 drops of carbolic acid into a teacupful 
 of rain water and bathe th/e affected parts 2 or 3 times a day. 
 
 12. Care and Treatment. — If one has been badly frozen keep him away 
 from the fire and thaw out the parts slowly. First rub them with snow, then 
 flannel an^ lastly with the hands ; then bathe the parts frequently with witch 
 hazel. 
 
 CHAPPING. 
 
 Mix 2 drams of lycopodium with 3 drams each of subnitrate of bismuth 
 and zinc oleate. Apply 3 times a day to hands or cheeks that are chapped 
 from exposure to cold or wet. Cold cream and camphor are also very g^ood. 
 
 Mix 2 drams each of pulverized calamine and pulverized zinc oxide with 
 4 drams of glycerine, 2 ounces of alcohol and enough water to make a pint. 
 This is for chafing of infants. Apply with a soft cloth after each removal of 
 the diaper and allow to dry. This is good where there is diarrhea and irri- 
 tating urine. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Chapped Hands and Face. 
 
 1. Cosmoline. — A lady living in Missouri says that cosmoline applied 
 to chapped hands, face or lips is one of the very best things she has ever used. 
 
 " Physician's Remarks. — I think that lanolin is more penetrating and will 
 go in deeper than the cosmoline. Either one is good. 
 
 2. Beeswax and Sweet Oil. — Dissolve a small piece of beeswax in a 
 little sweet oil. Two or three applications while warm will effect a cure. 
 
 3. Quince Seeds, Borax ^jid Glycerine. — To 12 ounces of warm water 
 add V^ ounce of quince seed, let stand for seyeral hours until thick, and strain. 
 Dissolve Vi ounce of powdered borax in a little of this mixture and stir in 
 with the rest. Add 2 ounces of glycerine and any perfume desired. This 
 is excellent for softening the hands. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Quince seed oil and glycerine are both quite 
 soothing. 
 
 4. Glycerine, Bay Rum, Camphor, Etc. — Take equal parts of glycerine, 
 bay rum, camphor, listerine and lemon juice and mix together. Apply to 
 the hands while moist. This is from a woman living at Nelson, Ohio. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Glycerine keeps the hands soft and prevents 
 cracking and chapping ; camphor is very good for chapped or rough hands ; 
 the listerine is an antiseptic wash and lemon juice acts as an astringent and 
 is a little hardening. 
 
 5. Hog's Lard. — Chapped hands can generally be cured by keeping clean 
 and applying hog's lard. Keeping the hands clean is a good preventive and 
 especially with children. 
 
 6. Glycerine, Bay Rum and Rose Water. — A mixture of glycerine, bay 
 rum and rose water makes a good lotion. A few drops of bergamot added 
 will give it a nice odor. Massage with the lotion while moist and dry with 
 a towel. 
 
 7. Alum, Boracic Acid, Etc. — Take % ounce each of gum tragacanth. 
 powdered alum and boracic acid ; 4 ounces of glycerine ; 6 ounces of alcohol 
 and 1 pint of water or enough to make this solution like cream. Perfume 
 with any favorite extract. Soak the gum tragacanth in a quart of soft water 
 for two days, beat up well until all lumps disappear, strain, and add to the 
 mixture. 
 
230 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 8. Glycerine and Arnica. — Mix five cents worth of glycerine with a 
 dimes worth of arnica and apply to the chapped parts. 
 
 9. Alcohol, Glycerine, Vinegar and Lemon Juice. — To an ounce each 
 of alcohol and glycerine, add 4 ounces of either vinegar or lemon juice. This 
 is good when it is desired to harden the hands a little. 
 
 10. Rose Oil and Glycerine. — Immediately after washing apply a mix- 
 ture of rose oil and glycerine. 
 
 11. Alcohol, Glycerine and Borax. — Mix two ounces of alcohol, 3 ounces, 
 of glycerine, 1 ounce of solution of borax, 1 ounce of rose water and 8 ounce? 
 of distilled water. A lady living at Manhattan, Kansas, says: "I have used 
 this for years and it has proven excellent both for the hands and face.' 
 
 13. Glycerine, Alcohol, Quince Seed, Etc. — Mix 4 ounces of ram water, 
 4 ounces of rose water, 2 ounces of glycenne, 1 ounce of alcohol, '^ ounce 
 of quince seed and 2 grains of morphine. A lady living at McKee£ Rocks, 
 Pa., says she has used this fot years and knows of nothing to compare with it 
 
 13. Glycerine Rose Water and Carbolic Acid. '—Use equal parts oi gly- 
 cerine and rose water with a few drops of carbolic acid added, 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SUNBURN AND TAN. 
 
 1. Buttermilk and Bran Tea. — Wash the face before retiring with but- 
 termilk and in the morning wash with weak bran tea with a little cologne 
 added. 
 
 2. Strawberries. — "' Rub crushed strawberries over the face at night," 
 writes a lady who has tried it 
 
 3. Elder Flower Tea and Cologne. — Put a few drops of cologne into 
 some elder flower tea and bathe the face for sunburn. 
 
 4. Borax. — Dissolve hal! an ounce of pulverized borax in half a pint 
 of water. Bathe the parts twice daily 
 
 5. Cream. — Cold fresh cream frequently applied will remove sunburn 
 
 6. Cucumbers. — Slice some cucumbers and let them stand in water fo 
 some time. Wash the face and hands with this water. 
 
 7. Lemon Juice. — Apply lemon juice for sunburn. 
 
 IVY POISONING. 
 
 A solution of sugar of lead may be used but I generally apply sugai of 
 lead in the powdered form. Dust it freely over the poisoned parts but do 
 not let any of it get into the eyes. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Ivy and Oak Poisoning. 
 
 1. Alcohol and Sugar of Lead. — Equal parts of alcohol and solution of 
 sugar of lead are execellent for ivy poisoning. Powdered sugar of lead may 
 be used alone if desired. 
 
 2. Starch and Glycerine. — For poisoning from poison vine or poison 
 bark, first bathe the parts in water as hot as can be borne, then apply a small 
 quantity of starch to which has been added enough glycerme to form a paste. 
 A physician writes that he has never known this remedy to fail. 
 
 3. Soda. — Either baking or washing soda mixed with enough water 
 to form a paste will usually kill the poison of poison ivy vine or poison oak 
 in 2 or 3 days 
 
 4. Prescription tor Oak Poisoning. — In California poisoning from the 
 poison oak is very common. A professor at the city of Acklana in that state 
 gives us the following prescription which is to be applied to the parts 3 Oi 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 331 
 
 4 times a day. It consists of glycerine, 2 ounces; and grindelia robusta, 3 
 drams. This will be found excellent for this poisoning. 
 
 5. Sweet Spirits of Nitre, Lobelia and Olive Oil. — Apply sweet spirits 
 of nitre, tincture of lobelia, and olive oil. Clearweed is also good. Bruise 
 and rub it on the parts. The people sending these receipts live at Middle- 
 field, Ohio, and say, " We have used these remedies so we can recommend 
 them." 
 
 6. Wood Betony Plant. — Steep the wood betony plant, including the 
 leaves and blossoms if it is in bloorii, in hot water and apply to the poisoned 
 parts. A lady in Brooklyn, Ohio, says, " I have used this in my own house- 
 hold and told others of it and have never known of its failing to give relief 
 in a single instance." 
 
 7. Quick Lime. — An antidote for poisoning by dew, poison oak, poison 
 ivy, etc., is to take a handful of quick lime, dissolve it in water, let it stand 
 half an hour, then paint the poisoned parts with it. Three qr four applications 
 will never fail to cure the most aggravated cases. 
 
 8. Beans. — For external poisoning take the leaves of the common soup 
 bean and bruise them to a pulp ; apply to the affected parts and change every 
 hour. The dry beans ground up and mixed with water are just as good. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HAIR TONICS AND RESTORATIVES and HOME 
 REMEDIES FOR BALDNESS AND DANDRUFF. 
 
 1. Quinine Hair Tonic. — Take quinine sulphate, % dram; glycerine, 
 ^ ounce ; alcohol, 2 ounces ; tincture of cantharides, 1 dram ; tincture of cap- 
 sicum, % dram ; aromatic ammonia, 4 drams ; and bay rum, 2 ounces. First 
 dissolve the quinine in the glycerine. Apply twice a week to keep the hair 
 from falling. This receipt was kindly given us by a barber at Hiiam, Ohio. 
 
 2. Hair Tonic. — To 16 ounces of bay rum add 2 ounces of tincture of 
 cantharides, % ounce sulphate of quinine and 1/2 ounce of oil of rosemary; 
 dissolve in enough spirits of wine to make it smooth. 
 
 3. Hair Tonic. — Put 20 grains of quinine and a tablespoonful of fine 
 salt into a pint of best bay rum and add an ounce of tincture of cantharides. 
 Apply every morning and night. 
 
 4. Sage Tea. — Make some sage tea and rub on the scalp every night 
 for one week ; then wash the hair and repeat. It is claimed this will grow 
 hair as well as prevent its falling. 
 
 5. Borax and Camphor. — Take a quart of boiling water; add an ounce 
 of pulverized borax and half an ounce of powdered camphor ; apply once a 
 week with a sponge or flannel and it will prevent the falling of hair. 
 
 6. Saltpeter. — To a quart of water add a piece of saltpeter the size of 
 a hickory nut and wash the head daily. 
 
 7. Onion Juice and Pearl Ash. — To a pint of water add 1 gill of onion 
 juice and one ounce of pearl ash and wash the hair with the solution. 
 
 8. Onion. — Rub the bald parts of the head with an onion. 
 
 9. Preventive of Baldness. — Take two ounces of castor oil, 2 drams of 
 oil of rosemary, 15 drops of the essential oil of bitter almonds ahd 3 drams 
 of the tincture of Spanish fly. Mix, and rub a little thoroughly into the scalp. 
 This is a preventive for baldness. 
 
 10. Sulphur Water. — To a quart of water add an ounce of sulphur and 
 shake frequently Wash the head thoroughly every morning with the clear 
 
282 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 liquid and in a f^w weeks every sign of dandruff will be gone and the hair 
 will be left soft and glossy. 
 
 11. Borax and Camphor. — Wash the head with a mixture composed of 
 an ounce each of borax and camphor and a pint-and-a-half of cold water. 
 After each Washing rub in a little pure olive oil. This is for dandruff, 
 
 13. Olive Oil. — Rub a little olive oil into the scalp every 4 or 5 days, 
 
 13. Egg Shampoo. — A shampoo with raw egg will remove all the dan- 
 druff. 
 
 14. Borax Water. — Wash the head occasionally with a little borax water. 
 This will thoroughly clean the hair and remove the dandruff. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FRECKLES. 
 
 1. Bitter Almonds and Barley Flour. — Bitter almonds and barley flour, 
 in equal parts, applied in the form of paste will remove freckles. 
 
 2. Bora^, Sugar and Lemon Juice. — Put into a bottle % dram of pow- 
 dered borax, 1 dram of sugar and 2 ounces of lemon juice. Let stand for 
 several days, then rub the face three times' daily. 
 
 3. Glycerine and Lemon Juice. — " Tan and freckles may generally be 
 removed with equal parts of glycerine and lemon juice," writes a lady who 
 is in the habit of spending her summers at the sea shore where one usually 
 gets a good coat of tan. 
 
 4. Buttermilk. — Wash the face every morning in fresh buttermilk, then 
 rinse in warm water and dry with a soft towel. 
 
 5. Horseradish. — Let some grated horseradish stand for five hours in 
 some very sour milk. Use this as a wash every night and morning. 
 
 6. Strawberries. — Crush some strawberries and rub them over the face 
 at night just before going to bed. ^ 
 
 7. Saltpeter. — Freckles may sometimes be i-emoved by wetting a piece 
 of saltpeter and rubbing the freckles 8 or 3 times daily. 
 
 8. Borax and Lemon Juice. — Add a little borax to §ome pure lemon 
 juice. Have the face and hands clean and bathe for a long while each day 
 with this mixture. 
 
 9. Buttermilk. — One of the best things for freckles is to apply sour 
 buttermilk at night, let it dry on the face and wash off in the morning. 
 
 ACNE, PIMPLES AND BLACKHEADS. 
 
 Acne is an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. The contents of these 
 glands project above the surface, forming blackheads. This frequently 
 occurs at the time of puberty and often afterwards. Use green, or castile 
 soap on the face night and morning and follow with brisk rubbing. If 
 this irritates you can use cerate or emulsion of sweet almonds. From 1/10 
 to % grain of sulphurated lime is good taken internally three times a day. 
 
 For inflamed acAe take 30 grains of iodide of sulphur and 1 ounce of 
 simple cerate ; mix, and apply to the parts night and morning. 
 
 For monthly acne, occurring at the time of the menses, mix 1 dram of 
 sulphur, 1 ounce of glycerine and enough water to make 8 fluid ounces. 
 Apply 2 or 3 times daily and avoid all rich foods. You can also take 30 
 or 30 grains of sulphur internally 3 times a day as an alterative; or, as a 
 laxative, take from 1 to 8 drams in molasses at night. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Sulphur. — ^Take out-door exercise, avoid rich foods, and three times 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 238 
 
 a week take a thimbleful of sulphur in a glass of milk before bre^fast. Be 
 careful not to take cold while taking the sulphur. 
 
 2. Borax Water. — Keep the bowels open and sponge the face every 
 night with hot borax water. 
 
 ECZEMA. 
 Salt Rheum — Impetigo — Intertrigo. 
 
 This name covers a number of skin diseases. It is a wide-spreading 
 inflammation of the outer surface of the skin causing numerous little vesicles 
 upon an inflamed and irregular surface. Sometimes these vesicles are inter- 
 mingled with pustules, then it is called impetigo. Sometimes the outer skin 
 is actually thrown off leaving a raw moist surface, then it is called intertrigo. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Avoid salty foods, salt fish, pork, corned beef and 
 greasy foods such as bacon, fried dishes, pastry and cheese. Be in the fresh 
 air as much as possible and take plenty of exercise. You should use rubber 
 gloves if you have to wash dishes. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — If on the head the hair must be cut close. In 
 the early stages apply oxide of zinc ointment night and morning. This should 
 be used in connection with black wash which is made by adding 1 dram of 
 calomel to 1 pint of lime water. This should be applied just before the zinc 
 ointment and allowed to dry. Use a swab to apply it with. 
 
 In other cases powdered oxide of zinc is dusted over the part if the 
 discharge is very waterj' and profuse; or, the following ointment may be 
 used. Mix 1 ounce of bismuth oxidii, 8 ounces of acidi oleici puri, 3 ounces 
 of cera alba, 9 ounces of petrolati, and 5 drops of olei rosae. Apply to the 
 affected parts. It is best to have just half of the quantity given put up at 
 one time. 
 
 Sometimes the crusts must be removed by poultices; or, if on the face, 
 anoint with olive oil containing one or two drops of phenol to the ounce. This 
 is to soften the crusts which may readily be removed in half an hour with soap 
 and water. Do not use soap if the parts are too much inflamed. 
 
 When the acute form has passed use 1 dram of ointment of tar and 6 
 drams of zinc oxide ointment. Mix these and apply to the parts to excite 
 the skin to action. 
 
 Cider vinegar applied locally is a fine remedy. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The remedies are Hepar §ulph.. Graphites 
 Sulph., Rhus Tox. and Arsenicum. (For preparation and dpses see " Homeo- 
 pathic Medicines " in Nursing Department.) 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. For Eczema. — Apply the following ointment twice daily. Take red 
 precipitate, IV2 drams; Venice turpentine, 1/2 ounce and fresh butter 2 ounces. 
 Also take blood root, 1 ounce and yellow dock root, 1 ounce; put these to- 
 gether in % pint each of alcohol and vinegar and let stand a week. Apply 
 this twice a day also. 
 
 2. Milk Crust. — For milk crust give sulphur and cream of tartar inter- 
 nally and apply either glycerine or thick cream to the parts externally. 
 
 3. Scald' Head. — Bran water is a good wash for the head. Or. wash 
 the parts with warm water containing corn meal or oatmeal; wipe dry and 
 apply a mixture of stramonium ointment, 1 ounce; and carbolic acid, 10 
 grains. Let this stand over night. 
 
 4. Sulphur, Beef Marrow, Turpentine and Pepper.— Apply an ointment 
 
S34 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 made by thoroughly mixing equal parts of sulphur, beef marrow, white tur- 
 pentine and black pepper. The parts may be cleaned with oatmeal water. 
 
 5. Oatmeal Water, Iodine, Sweet Cream and Carbolic Acid. — A fine 
 treatment for skin diseases is to cleanse the parts with oatmeal water, dry, and 
 bathe with tincture of iodine. Let this dry of itself and apply sweet cream 
 and carbelic acid. One drop of the acid should be added to a teaspoonful of 
 the cream. This has cured many obstinate cases. It costs but little to 
 prepare and is well worth trying. 
 
 Physician's Remark. — Do not use iodine too freely nor too often. 
 
 6. Sassafras and Lard. — Boil for half an hour a pound of swamp sassa- 
 fras bark in enough fresh water to cover it. Take out the bark and use the 
 water as a wash. Add some lard to some of the water and simmer until the 
 water is evaporated and after each washing anoint the parts wii:h the lard. 
 You may expect a cure in 4 or 5 days. 
 
 7. Strawberry Leaves. — Lay the woolly or outer side of strawberry 
 leaves upon the parts affected. If laid on thick and occasionally changed 
 they will draw out the inflammation and cure tetter. 
 
 8. Sugar of Lead. — Put % teaspoonful of sugar of lead into water and 
 apply freely. 
 
 9. Potato Water. — Boil potatoes with the skins on and apply the 
 Vi^ater in which they were boiled. Apply 3 or 4 times a day. " I know this 
 to be a success," writes a lady from Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 ITCH. 
 Scabies. 
 
 This is an eruption produced by a parasite and is very " catching." It 
 covers the body in parts but is seen chiefly between the fingers where it often 
 makes a raw surface. 
 
 Treatment. — Sulphur ointment is a sure cure. This should be applied 
 at night. First soak the parts thoroughly with soap and water, rub with a 
 hard rough towel to uncover the parasites, then apply the ointment thoroughly 
 and let it remain on all night. The towel used should at once be boiled to kill 
 the parasites and prevent the spreading of the disease. ' 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Sulphur and Lard. — Apply sulphur ointment which is made by taking 
 two parts of lard and one part of milk of sulphur. 
 
 2. Sulphur and Lime.— ^To five parts of water add two parts of sulphur 
 and a quart of freshly slaked lime. Boil in a porcelain dish, stirring con- 
 stantly, until the mixture is the color of cinnamon. Keep well corked and 
 apply to the affected parts about once a day. 
 
 3. Sulphur. — Give sulphur three times a day in the form of powder, 
 tincture or pellets and apply sulphur ointment to the affected parts. 
 
 4. Blood Root and Vinegar. — Keep the bowels open. To relieve the 
 itching and dryness of the skin take 1 ounce of blood root and l/^ pint of 
 vinegar; steep for two hours; strain, and paint the affected parts once or 
 twice a day with the liquid. Every night before going to bed apply glycerine 
 freely. 
 
 BARBER'S ITCH. 
 Tineo Sycosis. 
 Carbolic acid may be applied locally but it is likely to leave a scar. Mix 
 1 dram of iodine crystals and 1 ounce of goose grease and apply night and 
 morning until some redness appears. 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 335 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Barber's Prescription. — The following treatment is from a barber 
 at Kiram, Ohio, and is said to be excellent for this disease. 
 
 Fluid. — Take 1 ounce of resorsin, 1 ounce of glycerine, 1 ounce of water, 
 1% ounces of lac sulphur, % ounce of cologne .and 4 ounces of alcohol. To 
 make the preparation more pleasant dissolve the sulphur in ^^ ounce of ether 
 before adding to the mixture. 
 
 Ointment. — Take 15 grains of tannic acid, y^. dram of precipitated sul- 
 phur and 5 drams of petrolatum. 
 
 Directions. — Apply the liquid several times a day with a soft sponge and 
 bathe the parts every morning with hot water. The ointment is not to be 
 used until the scabs have formed. It is then to be applied immediately after 
 each application of the liquid. The purpose of the ointment is to keep the 
 parts soft. 
 
 2. Lard, Gunpowder, Sulphur and Alum. — Cleanse the parts ^vith 
 castile soap suds and apply the following ointment. Put into an earthen dish 
 % pint of unsalted lard or fresh unsalted butter and add 1 tablespoonfuls each 
 of gunpowder, sulphur and alum, each powdered. Stew slowly for 24 hours, 
 strain, and it is ready for use. 
 
 3. Carbolic Acid. — Take a tooth pick, put the end into clear carbolic 
 acid and apply to each pimple. When the burning stops keep the sores well 
 greased with some good healing salve. A lady writes from Independence, 
 Iowa — •" About seven years ago my son had this disease in the worst form 
 and after six weeks' treatment with one of our best docxors, my son cured it 
 himself with this treatment." 
 
 4. Lard and Sulphur. — Apply equal parts of lard and sulphur. 
 Physician's Remarks. — I believe this treatment will be found better for 
 
 the common itch than for barber's itch. 
 
 SHINGLES. 
 Herpes-Zoster. 
 
 Description and Symptoms. — This disease spreads along the tracks of 
 certain nerves of the skin. It comr ences at the spine and runs around the 
 ribs to the breast bone. It also app irs on the neck, face and temples. The 
 disease is nearly always preceded y rheumatic pains or neuralgia in the 
 parts affected, fever, and weakness. There is burning in the parts, then red- 
 ness, then the cluster of vesicles appears. Crusts form in 4 or 5 days and 
 this ends the attack unless a new crop appears. 
 
 TREATMENT. — I am always a little afraid of the use of strong local ap- 
 plications in this disease. Keep the bowels open with salts, eat a light diet 
 and meet the indications. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The second dilution of Aconite, the first dilu- 
 tion of Gelsemium, and the third trituration of Hepar Sulph. are the medicines. 
 (See " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing OcpartmeuJ for preparation and 
 doses.) 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Sassafras, Burdock and Yellow Dock. — ^Regulate the bowels with a 
 mild cathartic and take freely of a decoction of sassafras, burdock and yellow 
 Hock root. At night bathe with warm saleratus water. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The above herbs are good for the blood and liver 
 3. Warm Lard — Bathe the affected parts with warm lard.. 
 
286 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 3. Elder Flower Ointment and Oxide of Zinc. — Use an ointment made 
 by adding 1 dram of oxide of zinc to 1 ounce of elder flower ointment. 
 Physician's Remarks. — This is a good soothing ointment. 
 
 RINGWORM. 
 Tinea Circinata — Also Ringworm of Neck and Head. 
 
 TREATMENT.^Apply locally a strong solution of borax. This is also 
 good for ringworm on the neck and head. 
 
 Another good treatment is to mix 1 dram of iodine crystals with one 
 ounce of goose grease. " Apply this night and morning until some redness 
 of the skin appears when it is to be used but once a day. You may have to 
 use it tor weeks. Turpentine applied with a brush is also very good. A 
 bichloride of mercury tablet dissolved and applied is very good. Use 1 part 
 of mercury to 500 parts of water. It is poisonous and irritates quickly. Can 
 generally use it twice a day. Stop when it makes the parts sore. Equal parts 
 of tar and suet are good but tar stains badly. Citrine ointment, 1 part and 
 vaseline 7 parts, is also good. 
 
 Ringworm on the Head — Tinea Capitis. — Apply lime water locally. 
 
 Ringworm on the Neck. — Apply the iodine or the borax as directed above. 
 Pure oil of cajeput applied locally is another good remedy. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Tobacco, Lye and Vinegar, — Boil tobacco leaves ; add strong lye ancj, 
 vinegar to the liquid and apply locally. This is an excellent remedy. 
 
 2. Alcohol and Walnut- Hulls. — To half a pint of alcohol add a handful 
 of green walnut hulls and let it stand five or six days. Apply tys tincture 
 externally to either ringworm or tetter. Also put a teaspoonful of this 
 tincture into half a tumblerful of water, stir it well and take a teaspoonful 
 internally every hour. Make this fresh every morning and take for 3 or 4 
 days. ' 
 
 3. Alum and White of Egg. — Make a curd by mixing alum with the 
 white of an, egg in a vessel over the fire. One or two applications of this 
 will cure ringworm. 
 
 4. Indian Corn. — Sprinkle grains oi Indian corn on a red hot shovel 
 and press them with a cold flatiron. Tl corn will burn and leave an oil on 
 the flatiron. Rub the ringworm with th i oil. 
 
 Remarks^ — In the collection of these home recipes, out of the hundreds 
 received, it is but natural that a few of a superstitious nature should be 
 received. For instance, here is a recipe for ringworm. " Have a pregnant 
 woman wash the affected parts with her saliva before breakfast with her 
 left-hand little finger and this will make it disappear." We might add that 
 this is to be mixed with an equal part of good strong faith and even then 
 we believe some of the other remedies given will prove more satisfactory. 
 All recipes of this character we have carefully eliminated. We have thus 
 discarded many of the recipes received, some of which may be good in many 
 cases, but there were so many good ones that we have kept none but the 
 very best and they will be found of real practical value. 
 
 GANGRENE. 
 Mortification. 
 
 This is death of a part of the body in a mass. In surgery, when referring 
 
SKIN DISEASES. 337 
 
 to the death of bone the term " necrosis " is generally used. There is the 
 dry and the moist gangrene. 
 
 Dry Gangrene. — Dry gangrene, or mummification, is a condition pro- 
 duced by a loss of water from the tissues. The skin becomes black and 
 wrinkled and is often of a leather-like hardness. The most typical form is 
 senile gangrene, or gangrene of old age. This occurs in the lower extremities, 
 feet and toes and is generally due to hardening of the arteries. 
 
 Moist Gangrene. — This is caused by a checking of the blood supply pr 
 by obstruction of the return of the blood through the veins. This is frequently 
 caused by wounds, fractures, etc. 
 
 TREATMENT. — For dry gangrene, keep up thcv strength of the system 
 and ease the pain if possible. 
 
 For moist gangrene, have a physician keep the parts thoroughly cleansed 
 with disinfectants. 
 
 Home Remedy. — Dissolve some saltpeter in strong vinegar, dip a cloth 
 in it and lay on the afSEected parts. / 
 
 PEMPHIGUS. 
 
 This comes in the form of blebs, or watery blisters. The acute form 
 is attended, with pretty high fever and the patient feels quite sick. It lasts 
 about two weeks and is sometimes fatal. This disease does not occur often. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Give 5 drops of Fowler's solution of arsenic at 
 meal times. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — The sixth dilution of Rhus Tox. and the third 
 dilution of Cantharis given every hour are the remedies. (See " Homeopathic 
 Medicines " in the Nursing Department for preparation and doses.) 
 
 PSORIASIS. 
 
 This is a chronic inflammation of the skin. It causes a mere redness and 
 the outer skin seems to get sickly and drops off in scales. Use an ointment 
 made of equal parts of ammoniate of mercury (hydrargyri ammon) and lard. 
 Apply once a day. Also, to soften the scales use the following after taking a 
 bath. Take 1 dram of chrysarobin, 1 ounce of collodium and enough ether 
 and alcohol to make a solution. Apply to the affected parts with a brush. 
 Do not apply it to the face apd do not use it if there is a raw su^-face. 
 
 Take 5 drops of Fowler's solution of arsenic 3 times a day. 
 
 INGROWING TOE NAILS. 
 
 , Apply solution of potassa hydroxide to soften the nail. Then soak a 
 pledget of absorbent cotton in strong alum water and place this under the 
 nail. If. it pains much to do this, apply pure phenol with a brush a few 
 minutes before placing the cotton under the nail. This will ease the pain 
 caused by turning up the nail. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Scraping Nail. — Scrape the top of the nail until it is very thin and 
 press a small piece of cotton batting under it. 
 
 2. Lard or Tallow. — Hot lard or tallow poured under the side of the 
 nail is an execellent remedy for this trouble. 
 
 3. Care of Nails. — Trim the nails straight across ; do not cut the corners 
 
:J38 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 down in and do not cut the cuticle from the side of the nail. Scrape the top 
 of the nail'thin and cut a notch in the center. This, growing together pulls 
 the nail away from the sides where it is painful. 
 
 LIVER SPOTS. 
 
 Apply oxide of zinc ointment once a day. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR HIVES OR NETTLE RASH. 
 
 Urticaria — Wheals. 
 
 1. Camphor, Saffron, Etc — Bathe the body with equal parts of soft 
 water and camphor. Drink a tea made of safifron and spearmint and keep 
 the bowels open with sulphur, 1 part; and cream of tartar, 2 parts; mixed 
 with a little molasses. 
 
 2. Saleratus and Salts. — Bathe with saleratus water and keep the bowels 
 open with salts. 
 
 3. Cream of Tartar and Sugar. — A teaspoonful each of cream of tartar 
 and sugar dissolved in a glassful of water and taken each morning before 
 breakfast will purify the blood and cure the hives. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Cream of tartar acts upon the kidneys and bowels. 
 
 4. Sweet Oil and Lime Water. — To stop the itching bathe. with equal 
 parts of sweet oil and lime water. 
 
 5. Twinberry Bark. — Petl the bark from twinberry branches; make a 
 tea and drink of it moderately and the hives will disappear. 
 
 6. Alcohol and Rose Water. — Mix lyo ounces of alcohol with 4 ounces 
 of rose water and apply externally. 
 
 7. Wheat Flour and Saffron or Sage Tea, Etc. — Whenever the eruption 
 appears rub the body with wheat flour and let the patient drink freely of 
 saffron tea or sage and sassafras teas. When getting better give the follow- 
 ing physic. To three parts of cream of tartar add one part of sulphur; mix 
 with molasses and give a teaspoonful three times a day for several days. 
 Or, give a dose of salts or senna. 
 
 8. Diet, Etc. — Warm saleratus water is a good application for the skin. 
 Drink water but no heating drinks. Eat gruels, dry toast, baked apples and 
 stale bread but no meat. 
 
 9. Magnesia, Cream of Tartar and Milk. — Mix half a teaspoonful each 
 of magnesia and cream of tartar in half a teacupful of milk and take every 
 morning before breakfast until cured. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This acts on both the kidneys and the bowels. 
 10. Ginger and Rhubarb. — Mix % pound of finely powdered ginger with 
 1 ounce of finely powdered rhubarb. The dose for children is about half a 
 teaspoonful and for grown people a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This keeps the bowels regular and casts out the 
 poisons. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PRICKLY HEAT. 
 
 1. Cream of Tartar, Saleratus Water, Etc. — Give cream of tartar to 
 cool the blood. Half a teaspoonful once a day is sufficient' for a two-year- 
 old child. Bathe the patient in warm water in which a little soda has been 
 dissolved. Apply fresh unsalted grease to the pimples and dust over with 
 pulverized starch. 
 
 3. Soft Soap. — Rub some common soft soap into the parts and let it dry. 
 
DISEASES DUE TO ANIMAL PARASITES. 
 
 PIN WORMS— THREAD WORMS— SEAT WORMS. 
 
 (For symptoms see " Round Worms.") 
 
 TREATMENT. — Inject soap and water into the bowel and after it hao 
 passed, inject a pint of warm water in which there has been boiled from 
 1/^ to 1 ounce of quassia chips. I think, thoug^h, that the following: will be 
 found better. Put 1 ounce of quassia chips and % ounce of salt into a 
 pint of water and let it stand over night. Inject very slowly all that the 
 bowels will hold. Repeat once a week until all are removed. 
 
 Another remedy is to inject an infusion of garlic for two or three 
 nights in succession. Put a small bunch of garlic into a pint of water and 
 steep down to % pint. ' 
 
 Cina and How to Use It. — For worms, and especially pin, or seat, worms, 
 get the homeopathic tincture of cina and give 1 drop four times a day until 
 the child is better. Begin again whenever necessary. This is also good for 
 worms in puppies. You can give them 3 or 3 drops at a time. Cina will 
 also destroy round worms in people. For these you should give about 3 
 drops 4 times a day. It seems to cut the worms into small pieces. It is 
 well to give a physic about every third day when this medicine is beinsf 
 used. The homeopathic tincture should be bought of a homeopathic doctor 
 or at a drug store where they keep homeopathic medicines. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Salt Water. — Drink salt water in the morning, using a tablespoonful 
 of salt to half a pint of water. Also use salt water as an injection. 
 
 2. Sulphur. — Take a tablespoonful of sulphur, or enough for a laxative, 
 and it will bring them away. A lady at Garrettsville, Ohio says, " I have 
 tried this and so have my friends." 
 
 3. Turpentine and Sugar. — A drop of turpentine on a teaspoonful of 
 sugar is good when troubled with worms. 
 
 4. Egg Shells and Molasses. — Take a quantity of egfr shells, dry them, 
 pound to a fine powder, add New Orleans molasses to make a thick paste 
 and take V2 teaspoonful three times a day. The lady sending this receipt 
 says, " I have used this for my daughter and for myself and the results 
 were entirely satisfactory." 
 
 5. Wormseed and Molasses. — Mix molasses and wormseed and give to 
 children in teaspoonful doses. A grown person may take II/2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 6. Spearmint Tea. — Pin worms may be removed by using spearmint 
 tea both as a drink and «.s, an injection. 
 
 7. Boneset, Etc. — Take 2 scruples of aloes, 15 grains of carbonate of 
 potassa, 3 fluid drams tincture of asafetida and % pint of infusion of bone- 
 set; mix, and use as an injection for pin worms. 
 
 8. Balmony, Mandrake and Asafetida. — To % pint of water add 4 
 drams of balmony and 2 drams of mandrake root; make a decoction, strain, 
 and add 3 fluid drams of tincture^of asafetida. For a child 2 or 3 years 
 cjld, use about half of this quantity at a time and repeat if necessary. 
 
 239 
 
340 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 9. Wormseed. — ^Use wormseed. The oil of wormseed is best. Giv^ 
 from 4 to 8 drops with sugar morning and evening for 4 days in succession, 
 and follow with a cathartic. Or, you can use the tincture of wormseed, 
 giving 1 drop 4 times a day. 
 
 10. Quassia. — Make a tea by steeping quassia chips in water for 13 
 hours and use this as an injection. 
 
 ROUND WORMS. 
 
 Symptoms. — Disturbed sleep, grinding the teeth in thei sleep, irritable 
 disposition, changeable appetite, picking the liose, red cheeks but white 
 around the mouth. If they are seat worms the child frequently scratches 
 the rectum. 
 
 Treatment. — Cina is a good remedy and you will find the form and dose 
 explained in the treatment of pin, or thread, worms. 
 
 For removing round worms I generally use pills made of equal parts 
 of santonine and calomel. Each pill should contain 1/10 grain of each of 
 these. Give three pills a day for 3 days; leave off for 3 days; give again 
 for 3 days and repeat in this way until the worms are all eradicated. After- 
 wards I always give the second trituration of china in sugar discs. Take 
 from 1 to 4 times a day for a month. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Tansy aiid Boneset. — A tea made with either tansy or boneset is 
 an excellent remed3^ for worms. 
 
 2. Turpentine. — Give from 10 to 30 drops of turpentine in a little sweet-" 
 ened gruel. Give but one dose. 
 
 3. Pink Root and Senna. — Make a tea of equal parts of pink root and 
 senna leaves, sweeten with sugar and let the child drink freely in the 
 morning. 
 
 4. Worm Mixture. — Take % ounce of pink root, 2 drams of senna, % 
 dram of savin and 2 drams of manna ; mix, and steep in a pint of boiling 
 water and strain. The dose is from y2 to 3 fluid ounces. 
 
 5. Garlic. — Give % dram of garlic juice ; of, you can make a syrup from 
 garlics and use that. If used too freely it will produce flatulence, headache 
 and fever. 
 
 TAPE WORM. 
 
 Treatment. — Eat no food for 18 hours before giving the remedy and for 
 the 34 hours before this the diet should be very light. After giving a tape 
 worm remedy the bowels should be moved with salts. 
 
 One of the best remedies is to bruise 3 or 4 ounces of pumpkin seeds 
 and then allow them to stand in water for 13 or 14 hours. Take the entire 
 quantity and follow' with a cathartic. 
 
 A good remedy is the mixture of the following infusion and emulsion. 
 To make the infusion take i/^ ounce of pomegranate root, 1 ounce of pumpkin 
 seeds, 1 dram of powdered ergot, and 10 ounce's of boiling water. For the 
 emulsion take a drachm of the etherial extract of male fern made with 
 acacia powder and add 3 drops of croton oil. Mix the infusion and the 
 emulsion and take at 9 o'clock in the morning while fasting. The previous 
 day you should have eaten very little and you should have taken a dose 
 of salts in the evening. 
 
 Or, take from % to 1 drachm of oleoresin of aspidium. This may be 
 
DISEASES DUE TO ANIMAL PARASITES. 241 
 
 given to an adult in emulsion or capsulp form and followed in 4 or 5 hours 
 with epsom or rochelle salts. 
 
 Another remedy is pelletierine. From 3 to 5 grains may be gfiven under 
 the same conditions. Castor oil can be given for this but not after oleoresin 
 of aspidiura has been given. Castor oil aids in the absorption of the drug 
 into the body and this might cause poisoning. 
 
 Another remedy is to make a tea of the bark of the pomegranate root. 
 Take 3 ounces of the bark, macerate in 10 ounces of water and then reduce 
 this one-half by evaporation. Give the entire quantity in divided doses,, 
 Follow in an hour with a purge. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Blue Flag. — The juice of blue flag is good for expelling tape worm. 
 
 2. Garlic. — Eat garlic and salt freely and every other day give a pur- 
 gative of mandrake root and the worm will vacate the premises. 
 
 3. Pumpkin Seeds.— The following treatment has expelled many tape 
 worms and is almost certain. Eat four ounces of pumpkin seeds at night on 
 an empty stomach. The next morning steep the same quantity of seeds 
 in hot water and drink the tea. Eat nothing until noon. The treatment 
 may be repeated the next night but it is seldom necessary. Follow this 
 with a laxative. 
 
 Remarks. — A woman in Berea, Ohio, says her sister had a tape worm 
 that none of the doctors seemed to be able to expel. It was so ravenous 
 that it would wake her several times a night. To allay the gnawing she 
 would have to feed the tape worm by eating lumps of sugar. She tried the 
 pumpkin seeds and expelled many yards of the worm. Pumpkin seeds are 
 probably the best remedy known for expelling tape worms. By the doctors 
 they are called " pepo." 
 
 FLEAS. 
 
 Nicotine solution is good and can be bought in any drug store. This 
 is also good for insects on plants and flowers. Nicotine solution is made 
 from nicotine which is a poison contained in tobacco. 
 
 LICE. 
 
 Kerosene will kill the pests. Rub it over the parts thoroughly. Equal 
 parts of kerosene and lard is also good. 
 
 CRABS OR BODY LICE. 
 
 These are lice on the hair of the private parts. Use either mercurial 
 or blue ointment. It must be rubbed in thoroughly. 
 
 16 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT 
 
 AND MOUTH. 
 
 (In the preparation of this department many specialists have been freely 
 read and consulted.) 
 
 DISEASES OF THE EYE. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE EYELIDS. 
 Conjunctivitis. 
 
 Description and Symptoms. — Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the con- 
 junctiva, or under covering of the eyelid. In the simple catarrhal kind there 
 is a watery discharge and in the purulent kind there is a pus discharge. 
 Granular conjunctivitis, or granular lids, will be treated separately. 
 
 Treatment. — Cleanse the eye thoroughly and drop in the solution. The 
 following is a good one for simple conjunctivitis. Take 4 grains of boric 
 acid, 1 to 3 grains of zinc sulphate, 1 grain of morphine sulphate, and 1 
 ounce of rose water; mix, and drop a few drops into the outer corner of 
 the eyes twice a day- » 
 
 Hot steeped tea leaves applied to the lids is also good, as is a tea made 
 from white oak bark. 
 
 For purulent inflammation of the lids when there is pus, the eyes shauld 
 be kept clean and the solution given above should be applied. (Also, see 
 the solution given in the Baby Department.) This kind of inflammation 
 is dangerous and needs good careful treatment or other structures of the 
 eye will become diseased. ' 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR WEAK AND INFLAMED EYES. 
 
 1. Salt Water. — One of the very best remedies for weak or sore eyes 
 is to bathe them 3. or 4 times a day in weak salt water; This is nature's 
 own remedy for the tears are salty as we all know. Many eye troubles would 
 be avoided if mothers would see that the children used this simple remedy 
 upon the first appearance of weak eyes. 
 
 3. Chamomile Flowers and Poppy Heads. — For inflammation of the 
 lids, once or twice a day use warm applications of either chamomile or 
 poppy heads. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — These are soothing and quieting, thus doing 
 away with the inflammation. 
 
 3. Basswood Bark. — Scrape very fine some of the inner bark of the 
 root of linwood or basswood and fill a tumbler one-third full. Then fill the 
 tumbler with rain water and the mixture will soon thicken like jelly. Place 
 some of this mucilage between two thin pieces of cloth and bind upon the 
 eyes. 
 
 4. Elder Flower Tea and Laudanum.— To a pint of soft water in an 
 earthen dish add two ounces of elder flowers ; steep, strain, and add a tea- 
 spoonful of laudanum. Bathe the eyes; or, if they are very painful, wet 
 
 242 
 
HEAD AND NECK. 
 
 a and c, Salivary Glands. (Affected when one has Mumps.) 
 
 6. Artery running to Nose. (Pressure on this artery wijl stop nose bleed.) 
 
 g. Thyroid Gland. (Affected when one has Goitre.) 
 
 h. Windpipe or Trachea. (Divides forming Bronchial Tubes.) 
 
 8" Jugular Vein. (Blue above "k.") 
 
 8. Large Artery of Neck. (Large red blood vessel.) 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 343 
 
 cloths and bind on at night. If the blood is bad make some elder flower 
 /tea for the patient to drink. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — These are quite soothing and healing in their 
 action and elder flower tea is cleansing to the blood. 
 
 5. Butter and Milk. — For inflammation of the edges of the eyes use 
 this treatment. Melt a little fresh butter in a teaspoonful of milk and wash 
 the eyes when they are glued together in the morning. Afterwards apply 
 a wet sponge to them for several minutes and the lids may be opened 
 without pain. 
 
 6. Bread Poultice. — Make a poultice of bread and water with a little 
 butter added, put into a small bag and lay over the eyes. 
 
 7. Hops, Poppies and Stramonium Leaves. — For inflammation of the 
 eyeball apply a poultice of either hops, poppy leaves or stramonium leaves. 
 
 8. Golden Seal and Witch Hazel. — Add a dram each of powdered 
 golden seal and witch hazel leaves to a gill of boiling water. Leave the 
 herbs in the water for a quarter of an hour, then strain and bathe the 
 eyes with the liquid. 
 
 9. Scraped Potatoes. — Make a poultice of some finely scraped raw 
 potato and apply to the eyes every night upon going to bed. Although they 
 are unable to fully explain it, physicians have to admit that there is much 
 of value in the raw potato. It is also excellent for inflamed sores of long 
 standing. 
 
 10. Cold Water Cloths. — Often all that will be found necessary to cure 
 inflamed eyes is the application of cold water cloths. 
 
 11. Belladonna. — Keep a hot compress on the eye wet in a solution 
 made by putting 10 drops of the third dilution of Belladonna into a tea- 
 cupful of hot water. The compress is to be. kept wet with this solution. 
 Use no eye washes. " Used with good results by direction of Dr. J. H. 
 Carmichael of Springfield, Mass." This is from a lady living in that city. 
 
 13. Golden Seal. — Make a tea with half an ounce of golden seal and half 
 a pint of boiling water. Bathe the eyes with this each night before going 
 to bed and you will be surprised at the results. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Hydrastis, or golden seal, is astringent and con- 
 tracts the blood vessels, thus lessening the flow of blood to the eye and 
 relieving the inflammation. 
 
 13. Pith of Sassafras. — Cut out the pith of sassafras and put into a little 
 water, causing it to curdle. This is an excellent eye wash and especially 
 valuable for the sticky condition caused by inflammation. This remedy 
 comes from one of the instructors at Denison University which is located at 
 Granville, Ohio. The remedy can be relied upon. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This makes a mild, oily and soothing application. 
 
 14. Eye Wash. — Boil three eggs in water and when at the boiling 
 point add % ounce of sulphate of zinc and allow it to settle. Use the 
 water for inflammation of the eye of horse, cattle or man. For the human 
 eye it should be reduced by adding ten parts of water. 
 
 15. Poultice of Hops and Poppies. — Mash -ome hops and poppy heads; 
 boil in water and make a poultice for the eyes. The water from them may 
 be used for an eye wash. 
 
 16. Garden Rhubarb. — Squeeze out the juice ^rom the root of the 
 common garden rhubarb. This makes an excellent wash for weak and in- 
 flamed eyes and has cured many cases. 
 
344 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 17. Aliun and White of Egg. — Mix some powdered alum with the 
 white of an egg, place between two cloths and bind on the eyes. This is 
 a very effective remedy "for badly inflamed eyes. It is well to cleanse the 
 blood at the same time by taking equal parts of salt and cream of tartar. 
 
 18. Tea Leaves and Salt Water. — Bind some steeped tea leaves on the 
 eyes. Also bathe the eyes in weak salt water. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Tea leaves contain tannin which is astringent 
 in its action. This causes the blood vessels to contract, less blood comes to 
 the eyes and the inflammation is reduced. 
 
 19. Sulphur Water. — Put sulphur the size of the yolk of an egg in a 
 clean cloth, tie well, put into a cup of warm water and bathe your eyes with 
 this water, taking care that a little of it gets into the eyes. 
 
 20. Quince Seeds. — Make a strong decoction of quince seeds and wash 
 the eyes twice a day. 
 
 31. Cranesbill. — Wash the eyes twice a day with a strong decoction 
 of cranesbill. 
 
 33. Golden Seal, Witch Hazel and Lobelia. — Make a strongf tea by boil- 
 ing equal parts of golden seal and witch hazel bark in water and to this add 
 an equal amount of tea made from lobelia leaves; cover, and when cold, 
 strain and use on the eyes. 
 
 GRANULAR EYELIDS. 
 
 This is stubborn and needs application direct to the inside of the lids. 
 Turn the inside of the lid out and apply a stick of alum to the granulated 
 parts. A stick of nitrate of silver is also good to touch them with but is 
 rather dangerous to use unless you are very careful. 
 
 IRITIS. 
 Inflammation of the Iris or Dark Part of Eye. 
 
 This may be caused by the spreading of other diseases and especially 
 by pus inflammation of children. It may also be caused by injury to the 
 eye. Iritis may cause loss of sight and should receive careful attention. 
 
 Symptoms. — The pain in the ball of the eye is hard to bear. The pain 
 runs from the eye back into the head. Light hurts the eye and it feels better 
 when the patient is in a dark room. The sight seems blurred and the eye 
 runs water but no pus. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If you have the above syrnptoms you should see a doc- 
 tor and in the meantime you should keep in a dai-k room. Do not use the af- 
 fected eye at all Bind some hot steeped tea leaves over it or apply cloths 
 wrung out of hot tea or white oak bark tea. Any mild rernedy which is moist 
 and hot will keep down the inflammation. If you can't get a eood doctor 
 you must keep the pupil dilated, or open, so that adhesions will not form. 
 This will also ease the pain. For this purpose apply the solution given 
 below with an eye dropper. Open the lids and drop a few drops between 
 them. Do this once or twice a day or once in two or three days. It should 
 be done often enough to keep the pupils comfortably dilated. If you use 
 too much the throat will become dry and contract. The' solution is made 
 by adding from 1/4 to 4 grains of atropine to an ounce of water. The amount 
 of the atropine to be used depends upon the severity of the attack and 
 the age of the patient. Use salts to keep the bowels open. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — At the beginning give the second dilution of 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 345 
 
 Aconite and this should be followed by the third dilution of Belladonna. 
 (For preparation and doses see " Homeopathic Medicines " in Nursing De- 
 partment.) 
 
 STYE. 
 Hordeolum. 
 
 This generally gets well of itself but hot moist applications help. Paint 
 It with strong oak bark tea, strong black tea, or a weak solution of tincture 
 of iodine and water. Be careful pot to get any into the eye. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Give the third dilution of Pulsatilla inter- 
 nally. Put 10 or 15 drops into half a glass of water and give 1 or 3 teaspoon- 
 fuls every 2 hours for a wqek. This is especially good when the stye keeps 
 returning. Keep the bowels open with salts. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Tea, — Put a teaspoonful of tea into a small bag, moisten with hot 
 water and bind on the eye before going to bed. 
 
 2. Ice-:-Bread and Milk Poultice. — Ice will check it if applied upon 
 first appearance. Apply bread and milk poultice to bring it to a head. 
 
 3. White of Egg. — Wet the edges of the lid with the white of an eggf. 
 
 4. Lean Beef. — Bind on a piece of lean beef. 
 
 5. Salty Grease. — When soreness is first felt, touch the surface with 
 a little salty grease. (Settlings of meat fryings is best.) Two or three ap- 
 plications are necessary. It will smart a little but will not injure the eye. 
 
 FILM ON SIGHT. 
 Pterygium. 
 Rub over it a stick of smooth alum or blue stick. Be careful not to 
 touch any part of the eye. If it grows over the pupil it must be taken 
 off. This is very easily done by an eye surgeon. It needs only the use of 
 cocaine to deaden the sensibility. Alum or blue stick will often stop their 
 growing. Of course the rubbing must be carefully done. Keep the eye- 
 lids open a few minutes after the application so as not to get any upon other 
 parts of the eye. Nitrate of silver stick is quite good but it is severe and 
 needs an expert to apply. 
 
 CATARACT. 
 
 This occurs when the leris of the eye becomes opaque. Foreign ma- 
 teria! grows in it so that the light cannot get through. 
 
 Treatment. — The only thing to do is to let it get " ripe " and then have 
 it taken out. The operation is very successful. Glasses are needed after- 
 wards and the patient is a new person. The operation is usually performed 
 in a very few minutes. Cocaine is usually dropped into the eye and this 
 makes the operation almost free from pain. When the cataract is the result 
 of injury to the eye the outlook is not so good. 
 
 THINGS IN THE EYE. 
 (See " Accidents and Emergencies.") 
 
 CROSS EYES. 
 
 These should always be attended to when the child is young. Go to 
 a competent eye specialist. No parent has a right to let a child grow up 
 with cross eyes. 
 
M6 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 EYE STRAIN AND GLASSES. 
 
 Whenever any one complains of pain in the eyes and head, or back of 
 the eyes, or squints after reading, or complains of the eyes hurting or 
 tiring easily after reading; or, if the eyes are- continually watering; then 
 the chances are that that person needs glasses. If glasses are not properly 
 fitted they will injure. If they fit well they will do a world of good. 
 
 The health of children is often injured because they have no glasses 
 or because their glasses do not fit properly. They become nervous and irritable 
 and are often troubled with neuralgia or headaches. The fitting of glasses 
 is .an art in itself and you should go to none but a competent man. Never 
 read when there is a poor light or when the light keeps flickering. Too 
 bright a light is also injurious and especially a light that shines directly 
 into the eyes from in front. Let the light shine over the shoulder ; or, if you 
 sit facing it be sure to have a green shade over it. Do not sit stooped over 
 when reading or studying or the eyes will become filled with blood and 
 congested. People seldom appreciate good sight until they begin to have 
 trouble with their eyes. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE EAR. 
 
 EARACHE. 
 
 Children are afflicted with this painful disease oftener than adults. " 
 It frequently o.ccurs with infectious diseases like scarlet fever and grip. 
 
 Causes. — Besides coming with infectious diseases it , frequently comes 
 from a cold and the ear becomes terribly inflamed and painful. Some people 
 are very much subject to ear troubles. 
 
 Treatment. — Simple earache in adults can generally be relieved by hot 
 applications. Hot salt bags are good and so are flaxseed, hop, or bread and 
 milk poultices. A little laudanum may be added to a bread and milk poultice 
 with good results. Hot water dropped into the ear, or a few drops of 
 laudanum, often gives relief. Mullein oil is also very good. Or, you can 
 roast an onion in the coals, take out the heart and insert in the ear and 
 bind the rest of the onion on the outside. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Onions and Tobacco. — Chop up onions and strong tobacco, using 
 half as mttch tobacco as onions; wrap in a wet cloth and roast in the ashes. 
 Squeeze out the juice and put 3 or 4 drops into the ear and it will give almost 
 instant relief. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Onions alone are good and tobacco is quietins; 
 to the nerves so these two will be found a good combination. 
 
 2. Bitter Herbs and Hop Poultice. — Steam the ear and side of the head 
 over bitter herbs or apply a hop poultice. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Hops are quieting and the heat and moisture 
 are soothing and relieve the congestion. 
 
 3. Garlic, Honey, Sweet Oil and Laudanum. — Roast two garlics, mash 
 them while hot and add half a tablespoonful each of honey, sweet oil, and 
 laudanum. Squeeze out the juice and occasionally drop a little into the ear. 
 This will be found to be a valuable remedy. 
 
 4. Sweet Oil, Glycerine and Laudanum. — Wrap a hot brick or stone 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 247 
 
 with a damp cloth and place it to the ear, thus steaming it freely. To a tea- 
 spoonful each of sweet oil and glycerine add 10 drops of laudanum ; warm 
 the mixture, and put three or four drops into the ear. 
 
 5. Warm Water. — Pour a teaspoonful of warm water into the ear and 
 soon afterward let it run out. 
 
 6. Laudanurii and Sweet Oil. — Use equal parts of laudanum and sweet 
 oil; have it slightly warm and put two drops into the ear. 
 
 7. Laudanum, Glycerine and Olive Oil. — Mix equal parts of laudanum, 
 glycerine and olive oil; warm, put two or three drops into the ear and fill 
 with cotton. 
 
 8. Garlic and Salad Oil. — Steep a small piece of garlic in some salad oil, 
 roll up in a thin cloth and insert in the ear. When taken aut, fill the ear 
 with cotton so it will not get cold. 
 
 9. Onion Poultice. — Place an onion in the fire completely buried in 
 hot ashes. When it can be pierced with a fork, remove the peel and open and 
 remove the heart and place it in the ear as hot as can be borne. Spread the 
 rest of the onion on a cloth and bind on the outside of the ear. A mother 
 writes, " I have used this many times and it never fails to bring relief to the 
 little one suffering with earache." 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The moisture and heat are soothing and this 
 makes a good poultice to relieve the congestion. You will notice I have 
 recommended this above as one of my own treatments. 
 
 10. Mullein Oil. — Two or three drops of mullein oil will be found 
 effective. 
 
 11. Laudanum, Sweet Oil, Honey and Cayenne. — To equal parts of 
 laudanum, sweet oil and honey add a little tincture of cayenne; mix, and 
 from a warm teaspoon drop into the ear 5 or 6 drops of the mixture and stop 
 the ear tight with cotton. Repeat every hour or two. If the pain is very 
 grieat, steam the ear and side of the head over bitter herbs and apply a hot 
 fomentation of hops or a poultice made of roasted onions. Bathe the feet 
 in hot water and take an active cathartic. 
 
 12. Paregoric. — Soak a cracker in warm water, pour on a little paregoric 
 and apply as hot as can be borne. 
 
 13. Peach Seeds, Glycerine and Sweet Oil. — Take the kernels from 9 
 peach seeds, pound them up fine, put into a small vessel and add one table- 
 spoonful of glycerine or sweet oil and cook until the kernels are of a dark 
 brown color; then strain and it is ready for use. The dose is one or two 
 drops in the ear. Repeat every hour, if necessary, until relieved. The 
 person sending this. recipe adds: "This is a sure and tried remedy as we 
 have used it in our family for sixteen years and have never had to use it over 
 three times in any case. When you haven't the sweet oil or the glycerine 
 as called for you can use castor oil." 
 
 14. Hot Applications. — The application of warmth by the means of 
 dry heat or poultices or fomentations will generally tend to relieve the 
 severity of the pain. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Heat and moisture do this by relieving the con- 
 gestion and inflammation. 
 
 15. Black Pepper and Sweet Oil. — Put a little black pepper into a small 
 piece of cotton, add a drop of sweet oil, roll up tight so that the pepper can- 
 not get out and insert this in the ear. 
 
 16. Steaming Ear. — Put the patient's feet in water as hot as can be 
 
348 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK, 
 
 borne and keep them there for 15 minutes. Put a drop of slightly warmed 
 sweet oil into the ear and put the patient to bed. Take a hot flatiron, wrap 
 a wet cloth around it and then a dry one and place it to the ear. This 
 treatment will bring relief almost instantly. 
 
 17. Olive Oil, Peppermint, Pennyroyal, Etc. — Take equal parts of olive 
 oil, peppermint oil, pennyroyal, wintergreen oil, rosemary oil and laudanum 
 and apply sparingly. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE EAR. 
 (Also Mastoid Disease.) 
 
 Symptoms. — There is fever, pain, sweating and swelling in front and be- 
 hind the ears. When pus forms, and especially in the mastoid cells, there 
 is very great danger and there may be unconsciousness. In some cases 
 the symptoms are masked and this makes all the more care necessary. By 
 examining the drum you will see it bulging if the middle ear is diseased. 
 If this is the case the drum must be punctured to let out the pus. This will 
 relieve the patient wonderfully. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Inflammation of the ear from any cause needs careful 
 watching and treatment for fear that mastoid disease will develop. If bad 
 symptoms come on you must have the mastoid opened and it should be done 
 early. If, from the beginning, there are symptoms of the blood being poisoned, 
 patient is dull, stupid, and but partially conscious, then you should have a 
 surgeon see the case at once. The mastoid cells are very near the brain and 
 trouble in this region is dangerous. Ex-Senator Conklin, of New York, died 
 of mastoid disease. 
 
 Apply hot applications and poultices but no laudanum as you do not 
 want to cover up the pain and bad symptoms. A patient with inflammation 
 of the ear must be very carefully watched. The homeopathic treatment is 
 excellent. Use hot applications and also the homeopathic treatment. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Use the second dilution of Aconite everv half 
 hour at the beginning. After 24 hours use the third dilution of Belladonna 
 in the same way. Use the third trituration of Hepar Sulph. in alternation 
 with the Belladonna. If you fear pus, use the third trituration of Mercurius 
 Sol. in place of the Hepar Sulph. These having 'done splendid work for me. 
 (For preparation and doses see " Homeopathic Medicines " in the Nursing 
 Department.) 
 
 CHRONIC DISCHARGE FROM THE EAR. 
 
 This should have attention. Remember that the ear that constantly dis- 
 charges is a danger to any one for the trouble will go back to the mastoid 
 cells. 
 
 Frequently, using warm water with a syringe will do good. If the dis- 
 charge has a bad odor, use a few drops of carbolic acid in a teacupful of 
 water and syringe the ears twice a day. After syringing you should dry 
 the ear thoroughly with cotton or wear cotton in the ear. If the discharee 
 continues it must have special attention or the pei;son will become deaf. The 
 drum may be eaten so that it will not heal. The patient who has continual 
 ' discharges from the ears is frequently run down in health. Give tonics and 
 in pleasant weather keep the patient out doors in the air and sunshine. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Four times a day take a tablet of the third 
 trituration of Mercuriiis. 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 349 
 
 DEAFNESS. 
 
 Deafness and hardness of hearing frequently come from the catarrhal 
 condition produced by growths in the nose and throat. Have these growth's 
 removed and you will be a new person. Also have the ears syringed to 
 remove the wax. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Olive Oil, Etc. — Where there is wax to be removed, put a few drops 
 of the following mixture into the ear once or twice a day. Mix I/2 ounce of 
 olive oil, 1% drams of glycerine and 15 drops of sassafras. If the ear is too 
 dry use the following : oil of turpentine, % dram ; glycerine, 1 dram and 
 linseed oil, ^2 ounce. Or, if you have the ear syringed the wax will come out. 
 
 2. Bay Salt. — Put a large tablespoonful of bay salt into half a pint of 
 cold spring water. Let it stand 24 hours, occasionally shaking the bottle. 
 £ach night after going to bed pour a small teaspoonful into the ear and re- 
 peat for 6 or 8 nights. 
 
 3. Sweet Clover and Hen's Oil.-^Put a handful of the sweet clover which 
 is raised in gardens into a gill of hen's oil and stew Until the strength is out 
 of the clover, then' strain and bottle. Syringe the ears twice a day with soap 
 suds and then put in 3 or 4 drops of the oil. ': 
 
 4. Syringing. — Deafness is frequently caused by hardened ear wax. 
 Have the ears syringed out. 
 
 5. Goose Grease. — Put one or two drops of goose grease into the ear 
 twice a day. 
 
 6. Mullein Oil. — Put a drop or two of mullein oil into the ear. This is 
 also good for earache. 
 
 THINGS IN THE EAR. 
 (See "Accidents and Emergencies.") 
 
 DISEASES OF THE NOSE. 
 
 Nasal catarrh and hay fever both affect the lining membrane of the nose 
 passages. ,These will be found thoroughly treated under " Diseases of ReS' 
 piration." 
 
 ( 
 
 NOSE BLEED. 
 (See " Accidents and Emergencies.*') 
 
 THINGS IN THE NOSE. 
 (See " Accidents and Emergencies.") 
 
 GROWTHS IN THE NOSE. , , 
 
 (Polypi, etc.) 
 
 Many people have growths in the nose which should be removed. Of 
 course cancers may come in the nose the same as anywhere else in the body 
 and the only treatment is removal but the growths we refer particularly to 
 are far more common than cancers. A polypus is a fleshy growth in the nose. 
 The septum, or division between the nasal passages, is often diseased and 
 enlarged as are the turbinated and other bones of the nose. The nasal pass- 
 ages become partially, or almost completely, closed by these growths and it 
 becomes difficult for the patient to breathe through the nose so he goes, around 
 
350 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 with his mouth open and breathing through it and is thus more subject to 
 disease than one who breathes through the nose. These growths cause 
 catarrh which in turn causes headaches, sore throat, and hardness of hearing. 
 Many children grow dull and stupid because of these growths. Have them 
 removed and see what a change it will make in the patient. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE THROAT. 
 
 TONSILITIS. 
 (Including Quinsy.) 
 
 Description. — Acute tonsilitis is an inflammation of the tonsils. It is 
 accompanied with great swelling of their tissues and associated with pharyn- 
 gitis. There is the follicular and the diffuse form of tonsilitis. The follicular 
 form is distinctly infectious, that is, you can take it from another. This kind 
 is rare in young children but more common between the ages of 5 and 20 
 years. Some suffer from frequent attacks until they are 85 or 30 years old. 
 The follicular kind is not common in adults but the diffuse, or suppurating, 
 form (quinsy) is frequently met with in adults. People who breathe through 
 the mouth are very much subject to it and one attack makes a person more 
 liable to another. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The throat is sore with a sense of swelling or tightening. 
 The patient has a chilly feeling and frequently has aching and pain in the limbs. 
 There is a violent headache and the fever rises to between 103 and 105 in a 
 few hours. The patient rarely vomits or is sick at the stomach. (See " Scarlet 
 Fever.") On examining the throat the tonsils are found to be swollen and the 
 swelling frequently extends as far across the fauces as the uvula, or part of the 
 soft palate which hangs down in the throat. Frequently the tonsils are so 
 swollen as to press against each other. They look very red and are covered 
 with a whitish-yellow or grayish covering and they are often very foul looking. 
 In diphtheria, if this membrane or covering is removed, a raw or bleeding 
 surface is left but in tonsilitis the surface is left smooth and glistening. (See 
 the table showing the comparison of diseases.) 
 
 In tonsilitis the breath is very foul and the odor may iill the room. The 
 swelling of the glands of the neck and the stiffness of the muscles make exami- 
 nation of the throat very painful. 
 
 Symptoms of Quinsy. — In quinsy, or the suppurating form of tonsilitis, 
 the general indications are often less severe but the local pain is often very 
 severe. Opening the mouth may be very painful and is sometimes impossible. 
 The tonsil is sometimes enormously enlarged but is rarely dotted with spots. 
 It may be smooth and glistening instead. The swelling often extends to the 
 uvula which may be so swollen and lengthened as to cause great distress. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 The treatment is largely the same for both kinds of tonsilitis. 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — Keep ffom taking cold and if necessary have the 
 tonsils or adenoids removed. 
 
 Emergency Remedy or " What to Do." — Gargle the throat frequently with 
 hot water or steam the patient's throat as described later. Sweat the patient 
 and give him a cathartic. Salts are the best cathartic in this disease. Follow 
 instructions given for nursing. 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 251 
 
 Caution or " What Not to Do." — Do not take cold. In gargling the throat 
 do not swallow the liquid or much of the mucus or secretion will also be 
 swallowed. Do not eat solid foods. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — In the early stages give 1/500 of a grain of 
 biniodide of mercury every half hour until 10 doses have been taken. , After 
 the first stage, for an adult, give from 10 to 20 drops of tincture of iron chloride 
 every three to four hours. This should be well diluted with water and should 
 be taken through a tube so as not to injure the teeth. Also take with it 10 
 grain;; of citrate of potash. Another good remedy to take from the beginning 
 is Parke-Davis & Co.'s tonsilitis tablet, triturate No. 645. Give one tablet 
 every ^'to 3 hours according to age. This is an excellent remedy. Chloral 
 hydrate is good for this disease. Put 1% drams into 1 oz. of water and apply 
 frequently with a camel's-hair brush. Do not swallow this medicine or it will 
 make you sleepy. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — I have found the homeopathic treatment very 
 effective in the treatment of tonsilitis. 
 
 For the first 24 hours give the second dilution of Aconite. Put 10 or 15 
 drops into half a glass of water and take 2 teaspoonfuls every % to 3 hours. 
 About the second or third day when the patient is sweating give the third 
 dilution of Belladonna in the same dose and prepared in the same way as 
 the Aconite. When the fever has gone down somewhat and the tonsil is 
 large and red you may alternate the third trituration of Hepar Sulphur with 
 the Belladonna. If the tonsils seem soft, the jaw stiff, and the patient is 
 hardly able to open the mouth, use the third trituration of Mercurius Sol. 
 alternately with the Belladonna instead of the Hepar Sulph. If there is 
 much saliva and the above symptoms use the Mercurius Sol. alone. 
 
 Nursing and Diet. — A very good thing to do in tonsilitis from the be- 
 ginning is to gargle frequently with water as hot as it can be borne. This not 
 only reduces the swelling but it is thought it aids somewhat in getting rid of the 
 germs. Do not swallow anything you are gargling the throat with as it con- 
 tains mucus and germs. After gargling thoroughly with the hot water you 
 can use Dobell's solution with much benefit. This may be used as a- spray 
 for the throat and nose or it may be diluted three times with water and used 
 as a gargle. Here is the formula for this solution. To a pint of water add 1 
 dram of borax, 2 drams of common baking soda and 24 grains of carbolic acid. 
 
 As an aid in the treatment of tonsilitis and sore throat with much swell- 
 ing, and especially when it seems as though the tonsil were going to break, it 
 is well to steam the patient's throat in the following manner. It will be better 
 than poultices and less bother. Attach a piece of hose to the spout of a tea- 
 kettle of boiling water. If you have no hose, take a tube or roll of paper, put 
 one end over the spout and the other end of the tube or hose in the mouth 
 of the patient and have him inhale the steam. Make the tube as short as 
 possible so that the steam will be as hot as the patient can bear it. The hot 
 steam enters the mouth and relieves the painful and swollen parts. You will 
 be surprised to learn how hot the patient can take the steam. I once saved 
 a man's life with this treatment. He could neither swallow nor talk when I 
 first saw him and was in a critical condition. I advised this treatment but was 
 very anxious and worried about him so returned in an hour to find him sit- 
 ting with the spout itself in his mouth and not using the hose or tube as 
 I had directed. I was alarmed lest he should scald himself but he only 
 smiled with joy for he was greatly relieved and was already able to both 
 
252 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 swallow and talk. So steam the throat and keep it up for several hours should 
 it be necessary. 
 
 Give hot drinks like lemonade and teas, to produce sweating.., Eat no 
 solid foods but liquids only. Keep the bowels open. Externally, apply an ice 
 bag and keep it on all the time for several days. You can also apply a piece 
 of well salted pork externally to the tonsils. Bind it on with a cloth which 
 is tied under the jaw and over the head. It needs to draw well. Dip your 
 moistened finger into baking soda and apply to the tonsils every hour. Or, 
 you can apply pure guaiacol to the tonsils. It is painful for a little while 
 but will do much good. 
 
 The tonsils will feel soft if there is much pus in them. Should pus form 
 the tonsils should be opened and it will save much pain. If you are troubled 
 much with the tonsils they should be removed. 
 
 After Effects. — It is now a pretty well settled fact with physicians that 
 rheumatism enters the system through the tonsils or is caused by diseased 
 tonsils. It is best to have them removed if they give you trouble. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Tonsilitis and Quinsy. 
 
 1. Steaming Throat. — Into a kettle containing 8 quarts of boiling water 
 put either 5 drops of carbolic acid or % of a teaspoonful of turpentine and 
 steam the patient's throat. 
 
 Remarks. — Directions for steaming the throat have been given above so 
 will not be repeated here. Either listerine or glyco-thymoline are also good 
 to add to the water. 
 
 2. Flaxseed and Hop Poultices. — Put hot flaxseed or hop poultices to 
 the throat; change every few minutes and relief will soon follow. 
 
 3. Honey, Vinegar and Sage Tea. — ^Take 1 tablespoonful of honey, 2 
 tablespoonfuls of vinegar and enough sage tea to make half a pint. Use as a^ 
 gargle. ' * 
 
 4. Alum Water. — Gargle with weak alum water. 
 
 5. Iodine. — Touching the 'tonsils with tincture of iodine has often cured 
 quinsy. 
 
 6. Steaming with Bitter Herbs. — Take a handful each of sage, hops, 
 boneset, horehound and catnip, or any three of them if they are not all at 
 hand. Place these herbs in a teakettle and steam the patient's throat. Also 
 bathe the throat with the tea made from these herbs. 
 
 7. Sumach, Sage, Borax, Alum, Saltpeter and Honey. — ^Take a small 
 handful of sumach berries or bark and the same quantity of sage; put into 
 three pints of water and boil down to a pint; add a teaspoonful each of pul- 
 verized borax, alum and saltpeter and sweeten with honey. This is an excel- 
 lent remedy when used frequently as a gargle. 
 
 8. ' Honey and Lemon Juice.-^In the place of a gargle you can give 
 freely of honey and lemon juice mixed together. 
 
 9. Poke Root Poultice. — Roast some freshly dug poke root in the ashes 
 until soft, tlien wash and apply warm as a poultice. 
 
 Physicians Remarks. — This is a good treatment. I believe that poke 
 weed is called " garget " in some sections of the country and " pigeon berry " 
 in other sections. It is said that the pigeons tat these berries to reduce their 
 flesh before they start on their trip south in the fall. It is because of this 
 power of reducing flesh that this plant is used in so many different anti-fat 
 remedies. I don't know how the plant got the name of " garget " unless it 
 *« because it is given to cows to cure garget. A poultice of this root is also 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 353 
 
 excellent when applied to caked udders in cows or to caked breasts in women. 
 Some call it " ink berry." Don't you remember how you made ink of the 
 berries when you were a child? 
 
 10. Baking Soda. — When the first symptoms of tonsilitis appear, fre- 
 quently touch the tonsils with a little baking soda and you will stop the 
 progress of the disease. 
 
 11. Homeopathic Remedy, Etc. — Procure some tablets of tfie third trit- 
 uration of Mercurius Biniodide at a homeopathic pharmacy and give 2 tablets 
 every hour until relieved. Also gargle the throat with a solution of water 
 and peroxide of hydrogen and bind a steaming poultice of flaxseed meal on 
 the throat in such a way as to cover the ears as the passage from the ear 
 to the throat will be affected. This is a proved remedy. 
 
 ' 13. Vinegar, Salt and Cayenne. — To a pint of water and vinegar add a 
 tablespoonfUl of salt and a teaspoonful of cayenne and simmer together. Cool, 
 strain/ and use as a gargle. 
 
 13. Blackberry Root, Elm Bark, Sumach, White Oak and Alum.— Take 
 V/z ounces each of blackberry root and red elm bark and 1 ounce each of su- 
 mach berries and white oak bark. Use enough water to make a tea ; strain, 
 and when cool add a piece of alum as big as a walnut for each pint of the de- 
 coction and use as a gargle. 
 
 14. Vinegar and Red Pepper. — Gargle the throat with a mixture of vine- 
 gar, red pepper and water. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SWELLING OR ELONGATION 
 
 OF THE PALATE. 
 
 1. Alum and White Oak Bark. — Dissolve a little alum in a decoction 
 of white oak bark and gargle the throat. 
 
 2. Salt, Pepper and Mustard. — Salt, pepper, or mustard are good when 
 mixed with water and used as a gargle. 
 
 ENLARGED TONSILS AND ADENOIDS. 
 
 The tonsils should be removed when they are continually enlarged and 
 when the patient is subject to repeated attacks of tonsilitis. They should be 
 removed when they are so large as to interfere with speaking and when they 
 continually contain pus. They are then a danger to the system and render 
 a person more subject to disease. It is thought that diseased tonsils have 
 much to do with attacks of rheumatism. 
 
 This advice as to removal also applies to adenoids and tumors. Ade- 
 noids are enlarged glands in the throat. These enlargements, through the 
 catarrhal condition they cause, affect the hearing and the sense of smell and 
 they also affect a person's speech and obstruct the breathing. If you see a 
 child that always keeps its mouth open so as to breathe more easily, you may 
 be pretty certain that there is some obstruction to breathing either in the 
 throat or in the nostrils. These enlargements not only make a child appear 
 dull but they really cause dullness. Many a child that is punished for being 
 dull and stupid would not be so if his adenoids or diseased tonsils were re- 
 moved. These tumors must be removed and then the child will breathe the 
 air through the nostrils as nature ifitended and it will be far healthier. The 
 removal of these growths will also do much toward curing the catarrh. I am 
 not in favor of indiscriminate operations but I unhesitatingly advise the re- 
 moval of adenoids, diseased tonsils and foreign growths in the nose. 
 
354 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 THINGS IN THE THROAT— CHOKING. 
 (See " Accidents and Emergencies.") 
 
 SORE THROAT. 
 
 Pharyngitis. 
 
 Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx or back part of the throat. 
 
 Causes. — The causes of sore throat are colds and infectious dust. 
 
 Symptoms. — The mucous membrane is swollen and sore and there is 
 some pain in swallowing. Sometimes it feels as though there were a tight- 
 ening in the throat. At first the throat looks red and angry and the tongue 
 is coated. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — Avoid taking cold. Do not get wet feet and 
 then go around all day without drying them and putting on dry clothing. 
 
 " What to Do." — Give a cathartic and use one of the good gargles given. 
 Gargling with hot water or tea is good. Sweat the patient if necessar}^. 
 Follow instructions as to nursing. 
 
 Caution, or " What Not to Do." — When you are warm do not sit down 
 to cool off. Do not take more cold. Do not allow the bowels to become con- 
 stipated. Do not neglect a cold or sore throat or something more serious 
 may develop. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — If the patient is an adult you can give from % 
 of a drop to 3 drops of tincture of aconite with 1 teaspoonful of sweet spirits^ 
 of nitre in a glassful of hot lemonade every 1 to 3 hours. Watch carefully for 
 dryness in the throat and stop the use of these medicines when that symptom 
 appears. 
 
 ,To one ounce of liquid albolene add 3 drops each of oil of sassafras and 
 oil of sandal wood and use as a spray for the throat. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — For the first 24 hours give the second dilution 
 of Aconite. Put 10 or 15 drops into, half a glass of water and give 2 teaspoon- 
 fuls every % to 3 hours. Follow the aconite with the third trituration of 
 Mercurius Biniodide. Give one tablet every % to 3 hours. 
 
 Nursing. — Apply a cold compress to the neck below the angle of the jaw. 
 This is done by dipping cloths into cold water or ice water, wringing them 
 out and binding against the part. They should not. be allowed to become 
 warm or they will produce the relaxing effect of a poultice. It is well to put 
 the patient to bed. Give a cathartic to move the bowels. 
 
 An adult should gargle with water as hot as can be borne. To the water 
 used you can add an equal quantity of distilled extract of witch hazel ; or, you 
 can add a pinch of red pepper and some cider vinegar. A good gargle is 
 made by adding a little pepper and salt to some tea made from white oak bark. 
 Gargling with vinegar is good. Another good gargle is made by adding 
 pepper and honey to some sage tea. Blowing sulphur through a goose quill 
 upon the sore parts of the throat is often effective ; or, you can make a salve 
 of 1 part of sulphur and 2 parts of cream and apply that to the throat. 
 
 Hot teas and hot lemonade are good and if necessary you can give the 
 patient a sweat. The " Corn Sweat " described in the Nursing Department is 
 very effective. The teas may be made of boneset, white root, sage or hore- 
 hound. They produce sweating and relieve the congestion and inflammation. 
 Teas made of cranesbill, witch hazel or golden seal make good gargles. A 
 hot foot bath will help. 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE. EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 253 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Vinegar, Pepper and Honey. — Simmer together some vinegar, red 
 pepper, and honey or sugar, and add enough water so that it will not be too 
 strong. Use this as a gargle. 
 
 2. Camphor Gum. — Hold a piece of camphor gum the size of a pea in 
 the mouth until it is dissolved. This is fine for sore throat. 
 
 3. Baking Soda. — Add a teaspoonful of baking soda to half a glass of 
 water and gargle the throat frequently. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — This is especially good for tonsilitis. 
 
 4. Hot Water Applications. — Cloths wrung out of hot water and applied 
 to the throat promptly and thoroughly will cure almost any case of s6re 
 throat. 
 
 5. Sage Tea, Alum and Honey. — Gargle the throat with sage tea in 
 which there has been dissolved a little alum and honey. 
 
 6. German Remedy for Sore Throat. — To half a pint of strong sage tea 
 add two tablespoonfuls each of vinegar, strained honey and table salt. Mix, 
 strain, and gargle frequently. 
 
 , Physician's Remark. — This German remedy makes an excellent gargle for 
 sore throat. 
 
 7. For Putrid Sore Throat. — To half a pint each of water and cjder 
 vinegar add 2 tablespoonfuls each of red pepper and table salt. Let this boil 
 for a minute or two and then bottle for use. Gargle until the mucus clears 
 from the throat. Persons who cannot gargle may swallow a little of the 
 mixture. This is excellent for any form of sore throat. 
 
 8. Kerosene, Salt and Alum. — Place a piece of brown paper saturated 
 with kerosene oil around the neck and gargle with a solution made of equal 
 parts of salt and alum. 
 
 9. Lard and Ammonia. — Heat two parts of lard and 1 part of aqua 
 amm.onia; spread on cotton batting and apply to the throat. A lady writes, 
 " I have used this myself for an attack of laryngitis and have often used it for 
 croup. It does its good work by drawing out the inflammation." 
 
 10. Camphor, Salt and Borax. — Mix a little camphor, salt and borax in 
 a glass of water and use as a gargle. 
 
 11. Cold Water Applications. — Wring a cloth out of cold water and 
 bind on the throat at night. This should be covered with a dry towel. 
 
 12. Witch Hazel. — Gargle with witch hazel. Also saturate a flannel 
 with the same and wear about the neck. 
 
 13. Salt Water and Red Pepper. — Dissolve a large tablespoonful of 
 salt in half a glass of water and gargle the throat before each meal. A little 
 red pepper may be added to this if desired. 
 
 14. Bread and Cayenne Pepper. — Soak a small piece of bread in some 
 water and mix a pinch of cayenne pepper with it. This should be rolled into 
 a small pill and swallowed. 
 
 15. Cayenne Pepper, Black Pepper, Salt and, Vinegar. — Add a pinch oi 
 cayenne pepper, Vt teaspoonful of black pepper and two teaspoonfuls of salt 
 to one glass of vinegar and use as a gargle. 
 
 16. Salt and Vinegar. — Gargle with salt and vinegar. 
 
 17. Spirits of Camphor. — One lady says, " A few drops of spirits of 
 camphor every hour will relieve a sore throat sooner than any remedy I 
 know of. This is an old and well tried remedy for sore throat. To inhale 
 the camphor is excellent for coJd in the head." 
 
256 THE PEOPLE'S HpME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — I know this to be a very good treatment. 
 X8. Liniment. — Apply flannel cloths wet with some good liniment. 
 
 19. 3alt Water, Sugar and Soda. — To some weak salt water add a little 
 sugar and soda. Gargle as soon as you awake in the morning and after that 
 swallow a little clear salt water before eating. This is good for any sore 
 throat. 
 
 20. Tea Leaves. — If you have sore throat try chewing some tea leaves. 
 
 21. Alum, Honey, Sage, Etc. — One lady writes, " Make some strong tea 
 and use it as a drink and as a gargle. Salt and water is used by many as a 
 gargle but I find that a little alum and honey dissolved in sage tea is better." 
 
 22. Baking Soda. — Wash or gargle the throat with water in which bak' 
 ing soda has been dissolved. 
 
 23. Sage, Golden Seal, Cankerweed, Alum, Etc. — Take a small handful 
 each of sage, golden seal and cankerweed ; steep these herbs together in a 
 little water; strain into a dish and add 1 teaspoonful of granulated sugar 
 and Vi teaspoonful of pulverized alum ; stir until dissolved, then gargle the 
 throat every little while. A lady living at Middlefield, Ohio, says she has used 
 this frequently and always with good results, 
 
 24. Alum, Sage Tea, Borax, Etc. — Add some alum to some sage tea. You 
 can also add honey and borax if you wish. This makes a good gargle for 
 sore throat. 
 
 35. Alum, Sugar, Sage, Vinegar, Etc. — A lady living at Wellesley, Mass. 
 writes the following: " Take a small piece of alum, a teaspoonful of sugar,»a 
 few sage leaves and Y^ cup of vinegar ; steep, and when cold gargle every two 
 hoijrs. This recipe was given to my mother by a famous physician and we 
 have used it for years with excellent results. It is grand for either sore throat 
 or quinsy." 
 
 26. Steaming writh Listerine, Turpentine, Etc, — Gargle frequently with 
 very hot water or steam the patient's throat with the steam from a teakettle. 
 Either herbs, such as golden seal, horehound, etc., or listerine or turpentine 
 may be added to the kettle of water if you have any of them handy. 
 
 CHRONIC SORE THROAT. 
 
 Chronic Pharyngitis. 
 
 Symptoms. — The mucous membrane is irritated and the secretions arc 
 
 much thickened' so that the patient must continually attempt to clear the 
 
 throat which feels dry and harsh. The cough is spasmodic and made worse 
 
 by exposure to cold and dust. 
 
 Treatment. — Gargle at night with either clear hot water or hot salt water. 
 Several times a day take 10 grains of benzoate of ammonia internally. 
 
 DISEASES OF' THE MOUTH. 
 
 SORE MOUTH— CANKERS AND ULCERS. 
 Stomatitis. 
 
 Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth. We will treat of the Ca- 
 tarrhal, Aphthous and Ulcerative forms. 
 
 Symptoms of Catarrhal Form. — There is an intense redness of the mucous 
 membrane lining the mouth and there is some swelling which is particularly 
 
DISEASES OF" THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 35? 
 
 noticed on the gums. There is increased heat in the mouth and the child 
 suffers pain. The saliva flows freely and constantly dribbles on the chin. 
 There is some diarrhea or stomach and bowel trouble. 
 
 Symptoms of Aphthous Form. — This is the catarrhal form more fully 
 developed. There are cankers which are very sensitive. Every mother knows 
 what cankers are and this form will not need further description. 
 
 Symptoms of Ulcerative Forjn. — The ulcerative or putrid kind is more 
 serious. The ulcers may be large and cause great pain and suffering. They 
 are mostly situated along the edges of the gums which recede from the teeth ; 
 or, they may be on the margins of the tongue and even on the lips. The 
 breath is very foul and the mouth is made sore by the flow of saliva., 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 More has been said concerning this disease in the Baby Department. 
 
 Cleanse the mouth and regulate the bowels and the diet. The following 
 is a good mouth wash. Mix 30 grains of chlorate of potash, 10 drops of 
 tincture of myrrh and 3 fluid ounces of elixir-calisaya and use freely in the 
 mouth. 
 
 In the ulcerative form touch the ulcers with a piece of alum or a stick 
 of nitrate of silver. 
 
 The diet should be of nutritious food, such as cold consomme and cold 
 chicken jelly and ordinary foods if they can be taken. 
 
 In scurvy cases give fresh vegetables, fruits, and beef juice. These are 
 absolutely needful. 
 
 A strong decoction of cranesbill is very good for sore mouth; or, you 
 can take 1 part of cranesbill and 2 parts of golden seal and make a strong 
 decoction and apply to the sore mouth. 
 
 Another good remedy is to take equal parts of the decoctions of strong 
 green tea, golden seal and sage. Use this as a gargle for sore mouth and 
 throat. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Sore Mouth, Cankers and Ulcers. 
 
 1. Borax Water. — Wash the mouth with a solution of 15 grains of borax 
 to 1 ounce of water. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Borax is antiseptic and somewhat astringent. 
 
 2. White Oak Bark and Alum. — Boil 1 ounce of white oak bark in a 
 pint of water; strain, and add 1 scruple of alum. Apply several times a day 
 with a soft sponge. 
 
 3. Cranesbill, Golden Seal and Alum. — Frequently wash the mouth with 
 a tea made of equal parts of cranesbill, golden seal and alum. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Cranesbill is mild, unirritating and astringent. 
 Alum is also astringent and golden seal has a special action on the mucous 
 surfaces of the mouth, throat and stomach. Hydrastine and berberin are two 
 of the alkaloids contained in golden seal. 
 
 4. Burnt Alum. — Touch the canker with a little burnt alum. 
 
 5. Alimi Watei. — A splendid wash for sore mouth is a teaspoonful of 
 alum dissolved in a glass of water. 
 
 6. Yellow Dock, Alum and Honey. — Make a tea of yellow dock root and 
 add equal parts of honey and alum. Or, let the child chew the root of the 
 yellow dock. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — The honey and alum act locally on the parts and 
 yellow dock is an alterative. 
 17 
 
358 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 7. Chlorate of Potash. — Use chlorate of potash as a wash for sore 
 mouth. ! 
 
 8. Molasses. — Wet a piece of soft cotton with New Orleans molasses 
 and gently wipe the sore spots with it. A mother living at Saginaw, ^Michigan 
 says, " I have found this to be excellent for sore mouth. It will heal it very 
 quickly." 
 
 9. Sage Tea, Honey and Borax. — Sage tea, honey and borax makes a 
 fine wash for sore mouth and is also a good gargle for sore throat. 
 
 10. Tomato Juice. — Wash the sore mouth with the juice of ripe tomatoes. 
 Physician's Remarks. — This is a good remedy. The tomato juice is 
 
 slightly acid. 
 
 11. Golden Seal. — Wash the mouth with a tea made of golden seal. 
 
 12. Nitrate of Silver. — ^Touch the canker with a stick of nitrate of silver. 
 
 13. Tincture of Myrrh. — Wash the sore mouth with the tincture of 
 myrrh. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — ^This is a stimulant and is slightly astringent. 
 By adding a few drops of carbolic acid and some thymol the curative action 
 of the myrrh will be increased. 
 
 14. Blue Cohosh, Golden Seal, Etc. — Blue cohosh root combined with an 
 equal part of golden seal and made into a tea by using 1 ounce each of the 
 herbs to a pint of boiling water, steeping, and sweetening with honey is 
 excellent for ulcerous sore mouth and throat when applied locally. 
 
 15. Cranesbill, Golden Seal, Sage and Honey. — Make a tea or decoction 
 of cranesbill and use as a gargle or apply locally. It may be used alone or in 
 combination with golden seal, sage and honey. It is also good as a gargle for 
 salivation caused by mercury. 
 
 16. Witch Hazel. — As a gargle for sore mouth use a decoction of witch 
 hazel. 
 
 17. Golden Sea, Cranesbill, Blue Cohosh, Etc. — A tea or decoction of 
 golden seal is good alone or in combination with cranesbill, witch hazel or 
 blue cohosh. 
 
 18. Cranesbill, Witch Hazel, Black Cohosh, Etc. — To a quart of boiling 
 vsrater add % ounce each of cranesbill, witch hazel, black cohosh and golden 
 seal. Each of the herbs should be coarsely bruised. Mix the articles together 
 and steep with gentle heat in a closed vessel for 2 hours; remove from the 
 fire arid strain. This is good for chronic sore throat and mouth and also is 
 good as an injection for leucorrhea. 
 
 19. Sage, Hyssop and Borax. — Take 1 ounce of sage leaves, 1 ounce ci 
 hyssop leaves, 1 quart of boiling water and 1 teaspoonful of powdered bora:c. 
 Place the herbs in the boiling water and allow them to steep for half an hou:f, 
 then strain and add the borax. Uses. — This is good as a wash and gargle in 
 sore throat, cankered mouth and quinsy when accompanied with inflammation. 
 
 GANGRENOUS SORE MOUTH. 
 Noma — Cancrum Oris. 
 
 These terms are applied to all severe forms of ulceration. It is very 
 serious on account of its following other debilitating diseases. It frequently 
 follows measles and sometimes follows or comes with scarlet fever, typhoid 
 fever and whooping cough. This must be treated by a physician. 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 359 
 
 NURSING SORE MOUTH. 
 
 This is treated in the Baby Department. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Borax and Honey. — Mix a little borax and honey and apply to the 
 sore mouth. 
 
 2. Alum, Salt, Yellow Dock and Lemon Juice. — While burning an 
 ounce of alum sprinkle the same quantity of salt over it. When cold, add to 
 this mixture an ounce of pulverized yellow dock root and two quarts of pure 
 rain water and mix all together with the juice of two lemons and let it stand 
 in the sun three or four days, shaking occasionally. If desired this may be 
 weakened with sugar and water. Apply to the gums with a cotton cloth two 
 or three times a day for nursing sore mouth. 
 
 THRUSH. 
 
 This is described and treated in the Baby Department. Avoid 
 sweets and syrups and pay attention to cleanliness and good feeding. For 
 a mouth wash use 10 grains of borax to an ounce of water or 1 grain of 
 permanganate of potash to 8 ounces of water ; or, use 1 part of dilute peroxide 
 of hydrogen to 5 parts of water. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Borax and Loaf Sugar. — Mix pulverized borax with pulverized loaf 
 sugar and apply to the mouth every 2 or 3 hours. 
 
 3. Borax Water. — For thrush gargle with a solution made by adding a 
 few grains of borax to a cupful of water. 
 
 3. Borax and Glycerine. — One of the finest applications for thrush is a 
 little borax dissolved in twice as much glycerine. 
 
 4. Golden Seal, Blue Cohosh, Alum and Honey. — The mother should 
 see that the child's bowels are open; then wash its mouth with A strong tea 
 made of equal parts of golden seal and blue cohosh root, sweetened with 
 honey or sugar. A little alum added to this will be found valuable. 
 
 5. Hyssop, Sage, Sumach, Honey and Borax. — Make a strong decoc- 
 tion of equal parts of hyssop, sage and sumach berries and sweeten with 
 either sugar or honey and to a pint of the tea add a teaspoonful of pulverized 
 borax. The mother should frequently wash the child's mouth with this 
 mixture. 
 
 6. Red Raspberry Leaves, Blackberry Root, Gold Thread and Sage. — 
 Make a tea of either red raspberry leaves, blackberry root, gold thread or sage 
 and use as a wash for thrush. 
 
 TOOTHACHE. 
 
 No one needs to be told when he has the toothache so no symptoms 
 need be given. 
 
 Treatment. — Apply a hot salt bag or a hot poultice to the face. A fig or 
 a raisin poultice will be found an excellent remedy for this painful affliction. 
 Take a small fig or a large raisin and boil it in milk until it swells to a good 
 size and then place it between the gum and cheek. You had better have two 
 or three prepared so as to keep the poultice hot. This is a splendid remedy and 
 will stop a great many toothaches. 
 
 Put a few drops of oil of cloves or peppermint on a piece of cotton and 
 
260 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 insert in the cavity. If the tooth has been pulled and the bleeding from the 
 gums bothers, you can apply a little cranesbill on a piece of cotton. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Field Thistle. — The worst case of toothache can be cured by chewing 
 a piece of the root of the large field thistle which is commonly known as the 
 " bull " thistle ; and, by drinking a tea and applying a poultice made from its 
 leaves you can permanently cure the worst case of neuralgia that ever existed. 
 Give it a trial and be convinced. 
 
 2. Salt and Alum. — Press equal parts of salt and pulverized alum into 
 the cavity of the tooth. 
 
 3. Magic Tooth Drops. — Take 2 ounces of alcohol; 1% ounces of sul- 
 phuric ether ; 1 ounce each of chloroform and camphor gum ; Yz ounce each of 
 laudanum, oil of sassafras and oil of cloves and 1 dram of lavender. The 
 person sending this recipe says he puts it up in small bottles, calls it " Magic 
 Tooth Drops " and sells it for 35c. per bottle, 'i'o one suffering with toothache 
 it is worth many times this price. Rub on gums frequently or insert in tooth. 
 
 4. Creosote and Oil of Cloves. — ^Wet a piece of cotton with a drop of 
 either creosote or the oil of cloves and insert in the cavity of the tooth. Be 
 careful not to let the creosote touch the mouth. 
 
 5. Rum, Brandy, Whiskey, Etc. — If the toothache comes from decayed 
 teeth it may be relieved by holding rum, brandy, whiskey or diluted tincture 
 of cayenne in the mouth. It will also help to apply laudanum or a mustard 
 plaster externally. 
 
 6. Chloroform, Cinnamon, Cloves and Creosote. — ^To half an ounce of 
 chloroform add half a dram each of oil of cinnamon, oil of cloves and creosote 
 and with a little piece of cotton bathe the gums on both sides of the tooth 
 and if there is a cavity insert some of the cotton which has been wet with the 
 mixture. 
 
 7. Raisin and Mustard. — Split a raisin, put a little mustard on the sticky 
 side and apply to the aching tooth or gum. It will draw out all the soreness. 
 
 8. Raising and Figs. — Boil either a raisin or a small fig in milk and 
 apply to the tooth while hot. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR TEETHING. 
 
 (Also see Baby Department.) 
 
 1. Ice. — ^The pain of teething will be greatly relieved by allowing the 
 child to hold small splinters of ice in its mouth. The child's health will also 
 be benefited. A mother living in Kentucky writes that after hours of fret- 
 fulness her baby would become quiet immediately after giving ice in this 
 manner. 
 
 2. Rubbing. — Rub the gums freely with the finger or a piece of rubber. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BAD BREATH. 
 
 1. Tooth Brush. — Bad breath often comes from unclean teeth and can 
 be cured by the use of the brush. 
 
 2. Charcoal. — Take a teaspoonful of powdered charcoal in a glass of 
 water every other morning before breakfast. 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT AND MOUTH. 261 
 
 3. Roasted Coffee and Corn. — Chew either roasted coffee or roasted 
 corn for a bad breath. 
 
 4. Catarrh Treatment. — Treat the catarrh which causes it. 
 
 TOOTH POWDER AND PASTE. 
 
 Mix very finely powdered charcoal with castile soap and apply with a 
 brush. Some mix the charcoal with honey. Be sure the charcoal is very 
 finely powdered. 
 
DEFORMITIES, MALIGNANT GROWTHS 
 AND OPERATIONS. 
 
 Operations. — Almost every paper we read contains an account of some 
 operation. The opinion is gaining ground that there are too many operations. 
 Is it necessary to operate so often? There is no doubt that there are both 
 good and harm done. Conservatism as to operations is gaining ground and 
 the best physicians now believe that they should be performed only as a 
 last resort after other means have failed. Unfortunately, however, there are 
 some few things in which it is known that all other means of treatment will 
 fail and then an operation is demanded and, of course, if it is absolutely 
 necessary to operate, the earlier the operation is performed the better will be 
 the results. 
 
 Appendicitis. — In the past too many' operations have been performed 
 for appendicitis. Every case does not need an operation. The pendulum has 
 swung too far toward indiscriminate operations but by the best physicians it 
 is now being brought back within proper limits. The best plan is to wait, 
 say 36 hours, and then operate, if necessary, but if the patient is then getting 
 better the chances are that no operation will be necessary. Lives have been 
 saved by operations for appendicitis, but, on the other hand, many healthy 
 appendices have been removed. That little organ may be good for something; 
 else why did nature put it there? Watch temperature and test blood often. 
 
 Malignant Growths. — Many growths may be removed without the knife 
 and it is not wise to resort to an operation unless it be absolutely necessary; 
 yet, if the growth be a genuine cancer then an operation will be demanded 
 and the sooner it be performed, the better. If you have a suspicious lump or 
 sore, go early to a doctor in whom you have confidence and one who is not 
 only a capable physician but is honest and can be trusted. Tell him freely 
 and fully your exact condition and conceal nothing. Do not go to quacks who 
 make preposterous claims in the papers or who offer to perform a cure for 
 so much money. I have cured " so called cancers " with a salve but I never 
 cured a genuine cancer with medicine, and in thirty years of practice I have 
 never seen one cured that way. Medicines and salves are helpful for many 
 bad looking sores and ulcers that are commonly called cancers but for a real 
 cancer the knife is the only cure and the sooner it is applied the better it will 
 be. The X-Ray may be brought into use but it should be carefully used by a 
 reliable man or much harm may be the result. 
 
 Cancers of Lip, Tongue, Face, Etc. — The medical profession has called a 
 halt upon indiscriminate operating and conservatism is rapidly gaining ground 
 and yet conservatism must not be carried too far. For instance, if you have 
 a cancer on the Up or tongue or on almost any part of the body for that 
 matter, it should be operated on early ; there is no time to lose. The tobacco 
 pipe, by its constant irritation, is frequently the cause of cancer of the lip. I 
 believe smoking was the cause of General Grant's death. As much as I am op- 
 posed to unnecessary operations, I cannot advise too strongly in favor of an 
 early operation for malignant growths of this character. 
 
 262 
 
DEFORMITIES, MALIGNANT GROWTHS AND OPERATIONS. 263 
 
 Cancer of the Womb and Stomach. — Cancers of the stomach are hard to 
 get at and yet some wonderful operations have recently been performed upon 
 this organ. What I have said in regard to early operations for the removal 
 of cancers from the lips and tongue also applies to cancers of the womb. Sus- 
 picious looking ulcers of the womb should always be carefully watched and 
 their exact nature should be made certain by examination. Many a woman's 
 life has been saved by an early operation in cases of this kind and untold 
 pain and misery have been prevented. The trouble in these cases is that 
 people wait too long. 
 
 Tiunors and Cancers of the Breast. — Tumors of the breast in women are 
 always suspicious and safety demands their removal. If done early the result 
 is good. What has previously been said regarding the early removal of 
 cancers applies also to cancers of the breast. 
 
 Tumors of the Ovaries and Tubes. — Operations on these organs have done 
 much good and they have also done much harm. There is now more descrimi- 
 nation in operating on the ovaries and the results show that conservatism 
 pays. Of course when the tumors attain much size and the woman begins to 
 fail in health and strength, an operation should be performed, if possible, for 
 such tumors will not fade away. One summer, not long ago, my wife and I 
 made a visit to my old home in Pennsylvania. A neighbor woman there had 
 a tumor of the right ovary and was fearfully dropsical. I urged her to have 
 an operation as I believed she could not get well without it. After delaying 
 as long as she could she submitted to an operation and is now well and happy. 
 Years ago tapping would have been resorted to and would have been done 
 again and again with no permanent relief. 
 
 Eight years ago I saw a young woman whose right ovary was enlarged 
 but only to about the size of a small walnut. Her womb was also tipped 
 back. Although an operation had been advised in this case also, I did not 
 deem it necessary, as in the case above. I restored the womb and put in a 
 support and have given her medicine quite regularly since then. Her ovary 
 is reduced in size and she is in comfortable health. Whether an operation is 
 necessary or not depends upon the nature of the case and, as I have said before, 
 it will pay to go to a capable and honest physician and tell him fully about 
 your exact condition. 
 
 Growths in the Mouth and Nose. — Whenever a child has growths in the 
 nose like polypi or enlarged turbinated bones or growths in the throat like 
 adenoids or enlarged tonsils, and these growths cause catarrh, headaches, af- 
 fections of the ear, and are obstructions to breathing, causing the child to 
 breathe through the mouth, then these growths should be removed early and 
 a new child will be the result. Oftentimes a child which is stupid and back- 
 ward in' its school work would be as bright and keen as the rest were these 
 foreign growths removed. Under "Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat 
 and Mouth" you will find more regarding adenoids and enlarged tonsils. The 
 removal of these growths will not only make the child brighter but it will en- 
 joy .better health as well. 
 
 Birthmarks, Hare Lip, Cleft Palate, Tongue Tie and Cross Eyes. — These 
 deformities should all be attended to when the child is young. Some of the 
 operations for the correction of these deformities are very simple and it is a 
 shame to let a child go through life with these disfigurements if it is possible 
 to correct them. You have no right to let a child go through life with 'cross 
 eyes or a hare lip. 
 
364 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Cataract and Film on the Eye,— .The latter is very easily removed an.d 
 without much pain. The only thing to do for cataracts is to let them 
 mature, or get " ripe," and then have them removed. Unless the cataract was 
 caused by an injury to the eye the results of an operation are generally good 
 and though you will have to wear glasses after the operation you will be a 
 new person. 
 
 Mastoid Disease and Inflammation of the Middle Ear. — These troubles 
 must be carefully watched. Any person with a constant discharge from his 
 ear may at any time have serious trouble. The operation on the mastoid 
 bone for mastoiditis has saved many lives. Persons of a tuberculous tendency 
 who have ear trouble need constant watching and especially when the trouble 
 becomes quite painful or when there are symptoms of brain disease. 
 
 Piles, Tuberculous Glands and Diseased Bones. — Operations for these 
 should be performed only when other means have failed. The operation for 
 piles is sometimes quite successful but often other treatments will make this 
 operation unnecessary. This also applies to operations for diseased bones. 
 
 Varicose Veins. — This has been treated in another place. Sometimes, 
 when other treatments fail and the enlarged veins give much trouble, benefit 
 will be derived from the removal of one or more of the veins. 
 
 Hip Joint Disease — Tuberculosis of Hip Joint — Morbus Coxarius. — ^This 
 is much more common in children than in adults. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is slight lameness at first and pain is complained 
 of in the hip, the thigh, or more frequently, at the knee. There is a dwindHpg, 
 or shrinking of the muscles of the thigh and the child does not care to play 
 much. The leg is apparently lengthened and by this time the parents can see 
 that there is something terribly wrong. Don't wait, but do something. 
 
 Treatment. — The sooner treatment is begun the better it will be for 
 the patient. Attend to the disease at once and you may save a crippled child. 
 Give the child absolute rest and employ a good physician. 
 
 White Swelling — Tuberculosis of the Knee Joint — Other Joint Diseases. 
 — Next to the hip, the knee is the joint most frequently affected. The disease 
 is of tuberculous origin the same as the disease of the elbow or hip joint. 
 
 Treatment. — Apply a splint or a plaster of Paris cast. Walk only 
 with crutches and do not touch the ground with the foot of the diseased leg. 
 White swelling is frequently cured in this way. Give strengthening medicines 
 and build up the constitution. Give blood remedies and allow the patient to 
 rest. These instructions apply, also, to other joint diseases. 
 
 Crooked Feet — Club Feet — Talipes.^These should be attended to while 
 young. A great many can be straightened without an operation though the 
 operation is very successful. The parents of a child with crooked feet are 
 guilty of absolute cruelty if they will not have them straightened while the 
 child is young. 
 
 Knock Knees and Bowlfegs — Genu Valgum and Genu Varimi. — ^These 
 should also, be attended to in early childhood. They are generally dye to 
 rickets. 
 
 Treatment. — ^The child needs strengthening medicines and good food 
 and plenty of out-door exercise. These deformities are very successfully 
 treated but they should be treated early. Don't force the babies to walk too 
 soon for their bones are soft ajid wiU bend and at least cause a slight bowing of 
 the legs. 
 
DEFORMITIES, MALIGNANT GROWTHS AND OPERATIONS. 265 
 
 Hammer Finger and Toe,-^The treatment is to take off the joint which 
 ts bent down for it is annoying, painful and a great deformity. 
 
 Rupture — Hernia. — 
 
 Causes. — Ruptures are caused by heavy lifting or straining, by falls, and 
 even by severe coughing, such as is common with whooping cough. 
 
 Description and Symptoms. — A rupture or hernia is the coming out of 
 part of the intestines and their covering through one of the natural openings 
 in the wall of the abdomen near the groin or the navel. They occur oftener 
 in males than in females and babies sometimes have them. Ruptures are 
 reducible, irreducible or strangulated. 
 
 Reducible Hernia. — This is one that can be forced back into place. To 
 do this you should lie on your back and sometimes it will go down itself. If 
 it does not you should bend the leg and lift it up and at the same time gently 
 force the bowels back with your fingers, moving your leg up and in slowly. 
 You will feel the hernia slowly going back. It may take half an hour to 
 get it all in place. 
 
 Irreducible Hernia. — This is one that cannot be put back in place. It 
 cannot be put back because it is so large and the opening has become con- 
 stricted. 
 
 Strangulated Hernia. — ^This is an irreducible hernia where the constric- 
 tion is so great that the circulation is shut off and it becomes inflamed. This 
 will cause nausea and vomiting and an operation should be performed as 
 early as possible. 
 
 Treatment for Hernia. — Wear a perfect fitting support or truss. A truss 
 will cure many cases. The injection treatment is simply a temporary help. 
 It produces inflammation around the opening and partly closes it, but in six 
 months or a year the rupture will be as bad as ever. The same treatment 
 applies to either hernia near the groin or rupture at the navel. The operation 
 is very successful for ruptures and should be performed where the truss fails 
 to effect a cure. 
 
 Gall Stones. — The operation for gall stones is very successful. The gall 
 bladder is opened and the stone.« taken out. 
 
 Circumcision and Operation on Clitoris. — Circumcision is the removal of 
 a part of the foreskin of a male. Sometimes the hood of the clitoris of the female 
 needs to be cut or drawn back. Sometimes the foreskin or the hood of the 
 clitoris is so tight as to cause irritation and keep the passions excited and per- 
 haps they are a cause of masturbation. When such is the case these operations 
 should be performed. Parents should carefully look after these conditions 
 as they, instead of a depraved mind, are the causes of many immoral practices. 
 
POISONS. 
 
 Symptoms, Antidotes and Emergency Remedies 
 
 What to Do in Case of Poisoning. — Give the antidote at once and then 
 give the emetic if one is needed. If for any reason the emetic cannot be 
 given until some time after the poison has been taken, it should not be given 
 at all for the poison will then have had time to be absorbed into the system 
 and the emetic would then do no good but, on the other hand, would do injury 
 by weakening the patient. In case of poisoning act quickly for there is 
 no time to lose. 
 
 " What Not to Do " in Case of Poisoning. — Do not get excited. Do not 
 lose time. Do not cause vomiting or use the stomach pump if the poisoning 
 is due to some corrosive acid. 
 
 Acid or Corrosive Poisoning. — The mineral acids destroy the walls of the 
 gullet and stomach. They do not cause death as a result of their being ab-* 
 sorbed into the system but as a result of their destruction of the structures 
 with which they come iij contact. Some of them, however, produce mapy 
 dangerous changes in the general system. Some, like carbolic acid, destroy 
 life by paralyzing the nervous system and particularly the nerves of the heart. 
 
 The first drink to give in corrosive poisoning like poisoning from car- 
 bolic acid, corrosive sublimate or any of the mineral acids, is something muci- 
 laginous or of a soothing nature. Whites of eggs, milk, flaxseed tea, slippery 
 elm water, etc., are mucilaginous drinks. The stomach pump is dangerous 
 when the poisoning is due to a corrosive poison as forcing the tube into the 
 stomach might increase the local danger by puncturing the gullet or stomach. 
 This refers to poisoning from carbolic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric or muri- 
 atic acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, corrosive sublimate, etc. 
 
 Neither should the pump be used after poisoning by strong alkalies as 
 they also injure the mucous membrane of the gullet and stomach and the tube 
 might do further injury. Emetics would also increase the damage done. 
 Acid poisons are neutralized, or overcome somewhat, by alkalies. Soda, mag- 
 nesia, chalk, and soap are alkalies. Poisoning by alkalies can be somewhat 
 overcome by giving vegetable acids. Lemon juice and vinegar are vegetable 
 acids. Water is also useful when given in large quantities. 
 
 Antidotes You Should Always Keep on Hand. — Antidotes are medicines 
 given to counteract, or overcome, the effects of poisons. Besides soda, mag- 
 nesia, chalk, eggs, flaxseed, milk, soap, lard, alum, mustard, tea, lemons and" 
 vinegar, every family should keep on hand some sulphate of copper in two- 
 grain doses put up in ppwders. This is especially good for poisoning by 
 matches or phosphorus. Tannin, or tannic acid, is another good thing to al- 
 ways have handy. It is usually given in one-third teaspoonful doses. Jeau- 
 nel's Solution is another good thing to keep handy for emergencies as it is 
 good for a number of poisons. It is composed of 2 ounces of calcined mag- 
 nesia, 1 ounce of animal charcoal and 30 ounces of water. 
 
 Emetics and Other Ways of Producing Vomiting. — Emetics are things 
 
 366 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 267 
 
 used to produce vomiting. Mustard, alum, lard, salt and fat drippings are 
 emetics because they produce vomiting. The dose of mustard is a table- 
 spoonful in half a cup of lukewarm water. This is to he repeated in from 
 10 to 15 minutes if necessary. Give alum in from ^^ to 1 teaspoonful doses 
 dissolved in a little warm water. Enough goose grease, lard or fat should be 
 given to cause sickness and vomiting. A tablespoonful or a little more will 
 generally give results. Two teaspoonfuls of common salt dissolved in a 
 wineglassful of lukewarm water will often produce vomiting. In most 
 cases of poisoning an emetic is needed unless the poisoning is caused by 
 corrosive or burning acids. If you have an antidote handy, give it first and 
 then quickly get your mustard, salt, alum, lard or other emetic and give it 
 in the doses mentioned to produce vomiting. Syrup of ipecac is a good emetic 
 and if you have it in the house you can give it in teaspoonful doses and 
 repeat every 10 or 15 minutes until the desired effect is produced. ■ 
 
 If you use goose grease, lard or drippings you should first heat them 
 until they become liquid. Of course more than a tablespoonful of these may 
 be given if necessary as they are not poispnous. Give them without putting 
 them into water but give lukewarm water afterwards. Use these as men- 
 tioned until the doctor comes and in most cases you will have done a good 
 thing and the doctor, when he arrives, can give the medicines needed. 
 
 If you are far from a house, or if for any reason there is no emetic handy, 
 you can produce vomiting very quickly by tickling the back of the throat with 
 a feather or with the finger. 
 
 Another good way to produce vomiting is to put a rubber tube down the 
 throat. This is to be used only in cases where the poisoning is not caused 
 by corrosive poisons. Take the hard nozzle off of the rubber tube of a foun- 
 tain or bulb syringe. Some nozzles screw on and if it is one of that kind, 
 the part into which the nozzle screws must also be taken off so that nothing 
 but the soft rubber tube is used. A soft rubber catheter is also good but 
 the wire must be taken out before using. Put the patient in a chair if 
 possible or lift him up in bed. Oil the rubber tube, then have the patient 
 open his mouth or open it yourself by force and put a tooth brush or knife 
 handle in to keep it open. Turn the head a little back and up and slip the 
 tube into the mouth and gently push it down the gullet. The tickling will 
 produce gagging but keep on and the patient will soon vomit. If you use 
 a catheter, tie a strong string to it as it may be short and the string will keep 
 it from going too far. If you cannot get the mouth open, and sometimes the 
 patient will not let you, insert the tube in the nostril and gently push it and 
 when it reaches the back part of the throat it will turn down. Of course this is 
 not pleasant for the patient but this will not be a time to consider tastes. When 
 the tube tickles the gullet it will cause forceful vomiting, throwing out the 
 tube as well as the contents of the stomach. For this reason, it is well when 
 using the tube not to stand directly in front of the patient. 
 
 ACETIC, NITRIC, SULPHURIC AND HYDROCHLORIC OR 
 MURIATIC ACIDS. 
 
 Symptoms. — All these acids act somewhat alike. There is intense burning 
 in the throat, gullet and stomach. The patient finds it hard to swallow and 
 he sometimes vomits the contents of the stomach which look like coffee 
 grounds mixed with shreds of mucus and blood. The pulse is quick, weak 
 and generally thready. 
 
268 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 What to Do. — Emetics are dangerous so do not use them. Give soda, 
 chalk, magnesia or soap. These should be dissolved in water and should be 
 followed with flaxseed tea, slippery elm tea, sassafras tea, milk, or whites of 
 eggs and whichever of these you use it should be followed freely with castor 
 oil. 
 
 ACONITE— MONKSHOOD— WOLFSBANE. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^The skin and fingers tingle and feel numb. The throat feels 
 contracted and that makes it difficult to either swallow or speak. The patient 
 looks anxious and worried. The skin is dry at first and in the later stages 
 it may be moist. 
 
 What to Do. — First, give a third of a teaspoonful of tannic acid dissolved 
 in half a glass of water. Then put the patient flat on his back with his head 
 lower than his feet. Then inject digitalis hypodermically ; or, if you do not 
 have digitalis, inject alcohol. Put hot bricks or hot water bottles around him. 
 Whiskey or brandy may also be given. Use artificial respiration if necessary. 
 Directions for doing this are given under " Drowning." 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 Symptoms. — These are too well known to need description. 
 
 What to Do. — Produce vomiting by giving lukewarm mustard water, 
 using from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls of mustard ; or, give one or two teaspoonfuls 
 of alum dissolved in lukewarm water ; or, give lard or salt or produce vomit- 
 ing by tickling the throat. You may also give strong coffee. Apply cold to 
 the head and warmth to the arms and legs. Use artificial respiration if neces- 
 sary. This is described under " Drowning." 
 
 AMMONIA WATER OR SPIRITS OF HARTSHORN^LYE— 
 CAUSTIC POTASH. 
 
 Ssrmptoms. — There is great distress and burning pain along the gullet and 
 in the stomach. There is a choking feeling in the windpipe and vomiting 
 is likely to occur immediately. 
 
 What to Do. — If vomiting does not occur immediately, give vinegar water 
 or lemon juice and then follow with milk or dissolved vaseline or sweet oil. 
 
 ANTIMONY— TARTAR EMETIC. 
 
 S^rmptoms. — ^There is vomiting with burning pain in stomach. The pa- 
 tient 15 very sick at the stomach, there is severe colic, purging, a deathly sick 
 feeling and gfreat bodily weakness. 
 
 What to Do. — Give Vs teaspoonful of tannic acid dissolved in half a cup 
 of water, then drink freely of water, warm drinks or strong tea. Give castor 
 oil to empty the bowels and stimulants like whiskey and brandy for the weak- 
 ness. 
 
 ARSENIC— FOWLER'S SOLUTION OF ARSENIC— ARSENIOUS 
 ACID— ROUGH ON RATS— PARIS GREEN— ARSENATE OF 
 
 COPPER. 
 
 S3niiptoms. — There is a red, dry, raw and thirsty-looking tongue. There 
 is terrible thirst and a burning feeling in the stomach and bowels. The pa- 
 tSfent is very restless and uneasy. There is vomiting of a watery, burning 
 liquid and there are burning stools. The patient is very weak- 
 
POISONS AND Antidotes. , 269 
 
 What to Do.— rGive Jeaunel's Solution as an antidote if you have it, then 
 give some emetic suqIi as mustard, lard, alum or goose grease; or, produce 
 vomiting by tickling the back part of the throat with the finger or a feather. 
 Then give whites of eggs or plenty of milk and follow this with sweet oil or 
 castor oil and mild drinks like sassafras or slippery elm tea. 
 
 ATROPINE— ATROPIA— BELLADONNA— DEADLY NIGHTSHADE. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^There is a dry, aching and contracted throat with thirst and 
 difficult swallowing. There is a flushed face and a beating, throbbing or 
 pounding head. Dilated pupils and throbbing headache. 
 
 What to Do. — As an antidote give Ya teaspoonful of tannic acid dissolved 
 in half a cup of water and then give an emetic such as a tablespoonful of 
 mustard in half a teacupful of lukewarm water ; or, alum or salt may be dis- 
 solved in water and given ; or, lard or fat drippings may be dissolved and given. 
 Apply heat to the body. Give good strong coffee and stimulants such as 
 whiskey or brandy. 
 
 BISMUTH OXIDE— BISMUTH SUBNITRATE. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is violent vomiting, burning in the stomach and 
 bowels and there is diarrhea. 
 
 What to Do. — Give Jeaunel's solution as an antidote if you have it. 
 Produce vomiting by giving mustard, t !um, lard, or some other emetic. Then 
 give whites of eggs or milk and follow vith sweet oil. 
 
 BLUE STONE— BLUE VITRIOL— 'ULPH ATE OF COPPER— 
 
 VERDIGRlt. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is sickness at the stomach, vomiting and retching, 
 purging of blood and mucus and a rapid weakenmg of the bodily powers. 
 
 What to Do. — Give emetics such as mustard, alum, or lard. Give sooth- 
 ing drinks like flaxseed or slippery elm tea, eggs, milk or sweet oil. Wash out 
 the stomach with an alkaline solution and give anodynes if necessary. 
 
 CANTHARIDES—CANTHARIS— SPANISH FLIES. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is burning in the throat and difficult swallowing. The 
 patient vomits and the stomach and bowels are inflamed. There is violent 
 pain in the loins. There is suppression of the urine. It is usually passed 
 frequently but in small quantities and causes pain. 
 
 What to Do. — Give mild soothing drinks such as flaxseed or slippery 
 elm teas. Should the case be seen early enough you should produce vcfmiting. 
 
 CARBOLIC ACID— CREOSOTE. 
 
 Symptoms. — The mouth and throat are fearfully burnt. The lips, tongue 
 and mouth are white and wrinkled and there is an odor of acid in the breath. 
 There is sickness at the stomach, vomiting, frothy saliva, and difficult 
 swallowing. 
 
 What to Do. — These act so quickly there is not usually much you can do 
 for the patient. Get the doctor at once if possible. Epsom and Glauber's salts 
 are the best antidotes. The dose of epsom salts is from 1 to 8 teaspoonfuls 
 and of Glauber's salts, from 1 to 3 tablespoonfuls. One of these is to be given 
 
270 THE PEOPLE'S HOME M^DJCAL BOOIt. 
 
 as an antidote to meve the bowels freely. Also give soapy water, whites 
 of eggs, or flour water in large quantities. Apply not applications and give 
 water and stimulants freely. 
 
 CAMPHOR: 
 
 Symptoms. — There is an inflamed stomach, vomiting, faintness, dizziness, 
 cold clammy skin, anxious look, weak pulse and great weakness. 
 
 What to Do. — Use emetics or other means to produce vomiting. As an 
 emetic you may give mustard, alum, lard, etc. Give freely of lukewarm 
 water. Give 2 tablespoonfuls of epsom salts to move the bowels. Give 
 .stimulants such as brandy or whiskey to keep up the strength. 
 
 CHLORAL HYDRATE. 
 
 Symptoms. — An overdose of this medicine produces deep drowsiness or 
 deep continued sleep and a weak heart action. 
 
 What to Do. — To produce vomiting give emetics such as mustard or 
 alum or tickle the throat with the finger or a feather ; then give strong coffee 
 and apply heat to the body. Give stimulants if it is necessary to keep the 
 patient awake. 
 
 COBALT. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a small and rapid pulse, cold skin, rapid and dififi- 
 cult breathing, diarrhea, pain and burning in the stomach and throat and 
 violent vomiting and retching. 
 
 What to Do. — Give emetics such as mustard, alum, salt, lard, etc. Also 
 give warm water and mucilaginous drinks like flaxseed or slippery elm tea 
 or whites of eggs. 
 
 CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE— BICHLORIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^There is vomiting and purging, at first of a watery and then 
 of a bloody mucus. There is burning pain in the stomach and gullet and later 
 there i§ suppressed urine. The face is swollen and bloated and there is great 
 weakness. This is a terrible poison in its after efifects. 
 
 What to Do. — Give whites of eggs as an antidote; then give freely of 
 milk or wheat flour water. Give stimulants when it is necessary to keep up 
 the strength. 
 
 DIGITALIS— FOX GLOVE. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is an irregular pulse and heart action, dizziness, cold 
 sweat, sickness at the stomach and vomiting. 
 
 What to Do. — Give % of a teaspoonful of tannic acid in a cup half full 
 of water as an antidote. Then give strong tea or coffee whether you have 
 the tannic acid or not. Wash out the stomach if possible and give stimulants. 
 Keep the patient lying down, give hot drinks and put hot bricks or hot water 
 bottles about him. 
 
 FLY POISON. 
 Symptoms. — Depends upon the kind of poison. Cobalt is sometimes used 
 as a flv poison. 
 
 What to Do. — Give freely of milk, whites of eggs or wheat flour water. 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 371 
 
 FOODS. 
 Poisoning by — cheese, meats, canned goods, etc. 
 Symptoms. — There is nausea, vomiting, uneasy feeling and pain in the 
 stomach and bowels, weakness, and a deathly sick feeling. 
 
 What to Do. — Give an emetic like mustard, alum, salt or lard and then 
 give salts to move the bowels freely. If you have no salts you can move the 
 bowels with injections. Give whiskey or brandy if it is necessary to keep 
 up the strength. 
 
 FOOL'S PARSLEY. 
 
 Symptoms. — This is sometirhes taken by mistake for common parsley. 
 The throat burns and sometimes there is vomiting. There is fainting and 
 a weak pujse. 
 
 What to Do. — Give emetics such as mustard, salt or alum, with warm 
 water. Then give flaxseed or slippery elm tea. 
 
 GAS. 
 (Illuminating, fuel or coal gas.) 
 Symptoms. — The patients are very drowsy and sometimes it is hard to 
 awaken them. 
 
 What to Do. — Quickly carry the person into the fresh air and dash- cold 
 water in the face. Use artificial respiration if necessary and keep up the work 
 for a long time. Directions for doing this have been given in treating 
 " Drowning." Let the patient smell of ammonia and if necessary keep up the 
 strength with stimulants. 
 
 HELLEBORE— BLACK HELLEBORE— SWAMP HELLEBORE- 
 INDIAN POKE. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is violent vomiting and purging, bloody, watery stools, 
 cold sweat and dizziness. 
 
 What to Do. — Give emetics such as mustard, alum, salt, lard, etc., and 
 plenty of warm water. Give castor oil to move the bowels Give mild drinks 
 like milk, slippery elm tea or quince seed tea. Give stimnlants like brandy 
 or whiskey if necessary. 
 
 HEMLOCK— CONIUM. 
 
 Symptoms. — Sickness at the stomach and vomiting are ea^'ly symptoms. 
 There is weakness of the limbs and a staggering gait, double sight, labored 
 speech and finally there is loss of power of motion and loss of sight and 
 speech. 
 
 What to Do. — First give an emetic like mustard, alum, lard, warm water, 
 etc., and then give strong coffee immediately. Stimulate the patient by making 
 him exercise. Give mild drinks like slippery elm or flaxseed tea as they delay 
 the action of the poison. 
 
 HENBANE— HYOSCYAMUS. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a thirsty, dry and aching throat. The pupils are 
 large, or dilated, and there is dimness of sight. The symptoms are less 
 violent than those of belladonna and stramoniufti. 
 
 What to Do. — Give l^ of a teaspoonful of tannic acid dissolved in half 
 
373 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 a cup of water, as an antidote. Give an emetic like mustard, alum, salt, lard, 
 etc., and then give strong coffee. Apply cold to the head and warmth to the 
 feet. Give stimulants like brandy or whiskey, if necessary. 
 
 IVY POISONING— POISON OAK— SUMACH BERRIES— RHUS 
 
 TOXICODENDRON. 
 
 Symptoms. — The skin itches and burns; there are swelling blisters and 
 tliey secrete a watery fluid. 
 
 What to Do. — Equal parts of melted lard and tallow makes a soothing 
 dressing. Equal parts of powdered borax and sugar, applied locally, are good. 
 Powdered sugar of lead is one of the best treatments when applied freely 
 upon the affected parts. Take 1 part of oxide of zinc and 5 parts of lard ; mix 
 thoroughly, and apply to the affected parts. 
 
 IODINE. 
 
 Sjrmptoms.— The brown color of the mouth shows when iodine has been 
 taken. 
 
 What to Do. — First give an emetic like alum, mustard, lard, or salt, and 
 warm water and then give starch water, flour water or whites of eggs. 
 
 LEAD— SUGAR OF LEAD— PLUMBUM— (Painter's Colic). 
 
 Symptoms. — This is usually chronic. There is obstinate constipation 
 with cramps. There is sickness at the stomach and vomiting of a white curd^ 
 like material. The bowel movements are of a blackish color. 
 
 What to Do. — Give from 3 to 4 tablespoonfuls of epsom salts and follow 
 with the whites of eggs, milk, or wheat flour water. 
 
 MUSHROOMS. 
 (Toad Stools.) 
 Symptoms. — There is sickness at the stomach, retching, vomiting, cold 
 sweat and a cold skin. 
 
 What to Do.— Give an emetic such as mustard, alum, lard, or warm sail 
 water; then give strong coffee, whiskey or brandy, if needed, and apply heat 
 to the extremities. 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER— LUNAR CAUSTIC. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^There is burning pain in the stomach, sickness at the 
 stomach, distress, vomiting, and sometimes jliurging. 
 
 What to Do. — Give common dry salt as an antidote and then cause vomit- 
 ing by giving warm salt water freely. You may give other emetics like alum, 
 mustard or lard and then give milk or the whites of eggs and plenty of castor 
 oil to move the bowels. 
 
 OXALIC ACID. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^This acid is used, for removing stains but is sometimes taken 
 by mistake for epsom salts or salts of lemon. It is an irritating poison. The 
 patient vomits and the matter vomited is of a greenish brown color. The 
 patient is very weak. 
 
 What to Do. — Give lime, magnesia, chalk, or whitewash scraped from the 
 wall. Any of these should be dissolved in water. 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 373 
 
 OIL OF CEDAR. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is heat in the stomach and convulsions. 
 
 What to Do. — Cause vomiting quickly by giving mustard, alum, or lard ; 
 or give 1 to 5 drops of fluid extract of ipecac. Then give stimulants like 
 brandy or whiskey if necessary. 
 
 OIL OF RUE. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^The mouth and throat are dry and there is heat and pain 
 in the stomach and bowels. 
 
 What to Do. — Quickly give an emetic like alum, mustard, lard or ipecac. 
 Give stimulants like brandy or whiskey if necessary. 
 
 OIL OF SAVIN— SABINA. 
 
 Symptoms. — Its odor appears in the breath, perspiration and urine. This 
 is a dangerous remedy for women to use. 
 
 Treatment. — If the case is seen early enough, give an emetic such as 
 mustard, alum, lard, etc., and follow with lemonade and bland drinks like 
 flaxseed, slippery elm or quince seed tea. 
 
 OIL OF TANSY. 
 
 Symptoms. — Weak heart action, pain in lower abdomen, heat in stomach, 
 and convulsions. This is a dangerous medicine for women to use. 
 
 What to Do. — If the case is seen early enough give an emetic like alum, 
 mustard or salt and warm water. Follow with bland drinks like slippery 
 elm, flaxseed or quince seed tea. Give castor oil to move the bowels &.u(t 
 give stimulants if necessary. 
 
 OPIUM— MORPHINE— LAUDANUM— CODEINE. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a sound and snoring sleep with slow and irregular 
 breathing. The skin is cold and clammy and the pupils are very small like 
 pin points. If a large dose has been taken the symptoms increase in severity, 
 the pulse becomes small and the breathing is reduced from 18 down to 5 or 6 
 breaths per minute. Control of the movements of the bowels is lost and there 
 is stupor and death. 
 
 What to Do.— Emetics must be given in large doses and repeated every 
 10 minutes for 3 or 4 times. You must produce vomiting in some way. Give 
 mustard or alum in warm water or give some other emetic. Inject a pint or 
 two of warm coffee into the bowels and have the patient swallow some if 
 possible. After doing these things make the patient keep moving. This is 
 essential. Send for the doctor the first thing and while he is coming do as 
 before directed. 
 
 PHOSPHORUS— RAT POISON— MATCHES. 
 Symptoms. — There is pain and burning in the stomach with vomiting 
 and purging. Sometimes the vomit and stools are phosphorescent. 
 
 What to Do. — Use emetics like alum, mustard or lard. These should be 
 used freely to produce vomiting. The emetic should be followed with 1 or 3 
 tablespoonfuls of epsom salts to move the bowels. Then give drinks like 
 whites of eggs, sassafras tea, etc. If you have it, use from 2 to 3 grains of 
 sulphate of copper every 10 or 15 minutes to firodace the vomiting. 
 W 
 
874 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 PRUSSIC ACID— HYDROCYANIC ACID. 
 
 S3rmptoms. — There is great weakness, a weak fluttering pulse and cold 
 extremities. As a rule death follows very quickly. 
 
 What to Do. — Keep up the strength by the use of whiskey or brandy. 
 Apply cold to the head and spine and friction and blisters upon the chest 
 and put hot applications to the feet. 
 
 STRYCHNINE— NUX VOMICA. 
 
 S3miptoms. — ^There is a bitter taste in the mouth. The muscles and limbs 
 are rigid; the face drawn into a terrible-looking smile; the lower jaw is 
 immovable ; the neck is stif3f and the muscles of the body jerk terribly. 
 
 What to Do. — Send quickly for a doctor and meanwhile give % tea- 
 spoonful of tannic acid in coffee or tea. The coffee or tea is better if it has 
 stood for some time. Give plenty of strong coffee even if you do not have 
 tannic acid. Then give emetics in large doses to produce vomiting. You 
 can use alum, mustard or lard ; or, you can produce vomiting by tickling the 
 back part of the throat. Put a tooth brush or similar article between the 
 teeth to hold mouth open. Move the bowels freely with large doses of 
 epsom, rochelle or Glauber's salts. 
 
 THORN APPLE— STRAMONIUM. 
 
 Symptoms. — ^The pupils are large and the throat dry. The symptoms are 
 similar to those caused by belladonna. 
 
 What to Do. — Give Vs teaspoonful of tannic acid in half a glass of water 
 as an antidote. Then give emetics like mustard, alum or lard and follow 
 with coffee and stimulants like brandy and whiskey. 
 
 TOBACCO— NICOTINE. 
 
 Symptoms. — If taken by a child you can smell it in the breath. There 
 is sickness at the stomach and perhaps vomiting. There is a cold sweat, weak 
 and relaxed muscles, a sta^ering walk and dizziness. 
 
 What to Do. — Give an emetic like mustard, lard or alum and lots of 
 warm water. Give a purgative to move the bowels and give stimulants like 
 braftdy, whiskey, wine, coffee or tea, and apply heat. 
 
THE PEOPLE'S PRESCRIPTIONS FOR LINIMENTS 
 
 OILS. SALVES, PLASTERS. OINTMENTS 
 
 POULTICES, ETC. 
 
 CHOICE FAMILY RECIPES GATHERE;D FROM ALL OVER THE 
 
 WORLD, 
 
 LINIMENTS. 
 
 A liniment is an oily liquid preparation to be rubbed upon the skin. Some 
 liniments are called oils. Liniments are liquid preparations of tinctures and 
 other ingredients for external application to swollen, inflamed or painful 
 parts and should be applied with a piece of flannel or cotton or with the hand. 
 Always shake liniments before using. Never take them internally unless 
 directed to do so and never bring them near a light or fire. 
 
 1. Camphor Liniment. — ^Use 1 part of camphor to 4 parts of cotton 
 seed oil. This makes an excellent camphor>liniment. 
 
 2. Iodine and Ammonia Liniment. — A liniment made of equal parts 
 of iodine and aqua ammonia, say 2 ounces of each, well rubbed in, is excellent 
 for sciatic rheumatism. 
 
 3. Golden Oil for Rheumatism. — ^To 4 ounces each of spirits of turpen- 
 tine and linseed oil add 2 ounces each of iodine and aqua ammonia; mix, 
 shake, and apply as needed. 
 
 4. SalQ)eter Liniment. — ^To a pint of sweet oil add an ounce of pulver- 
 ized saltpeter and you have a cheap but very effective application for in- 
 flammatory rheumatism. 
 
 5. Mustang Liniment. — Mix 4 ounces each pf olive oil and spirits of 
 hartshorn and add 2 ounces of vinegar and a pint of crude petroleum. 
 
 6. Oriental Balm. — ^To 2 quarts of raw linseed oil add 2 ounces of gum 
 camphor and % ounce each of oils of cajeput and thyme and 1/4 ounce each 
 of oils of anise and wintergreen. The dose for a grown person is a teaspoon- 
 ful in a little water internally as often as required. Apply externally 3 or 4 
 times a day. Good also for bee stings. 
 
 7. Liniment for Man or Beast. — Mix equal parts of turpentine and coal 
 oil and if for man add a little sweet oil to keep from blistering. This liniment 
 is fine for all kinds of sprains, sores, swellings and frostbites. 
 
 8. Oil of Gladness. — Mix 2 ounces of camphor gum with 1 ounce each 
 of oils of hemlock, sassafras, cedar and origanum ; when the gum camphor is 
 dissolved add 2 quarts of raw linseed oil. It may be applied externally 
 or it may be taken internally in from % to 1 teaspoonful doses. This makes 
 a fine liniment and it is inexpensive. 
 
 9. Hamlin's Wizard Oil. — Take 1 ounce of spirits of camphor, % ounce 
 each of oil of sassafras and a)jua ammonia, 2 drams of oil of cloves, 4 drams of 
 chloroform and 6 drams each of dilute alcohol and spirits of tu'-pentine. 
 
 10. Perry Davis's Pain Killer. — Mix 2 ounces of spirits of camphor, 1 
 
 376 
 
276 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOlC. 
 
 ounce of tincture of capsicum, Vz ounce of gum guaiac, ^4 ounce of gum 
 myrrh and 3 ounces of alcohol. 
 
 11. Radway's Ready Relief (R. R. R.) — To lYz ounces of soap liniment 
 add half an ounce each of water of ammonia, alcohol and tincture of capsicum. 
 
 13. Giles's Liniment. — To % pint of alcohol add 1 ounce of aqua am- 
 monia, 1/4 ounce of camphor gum, 15 grains of iodine and 1 dram each of 
 oils of lavender and rosemary. 
 
 13. Dr. Raymond's Liniment — To 1 pint of alcohol add 1 ounce each 
 of camphor gum and spirits of turpentine, and Yz ounce each of oil oi worm- 
 wood and tincture of cantharides. This is for external use only. This excel- 
 lent liniment for general purposes was sent us by a lady in Canada who has 
 used it with fine results. 
 
 14. Good Samaritan Liniment. — ^To 1 quart of best alcohol add oils oi 
 hemlock and sassafras, spirits of turpentine, tincture of cayenne, guaiacum, 
 catechu and laudanum, of each % ounce ; tincture of myrrh, 2 ounces ; oil of 
 origanum and camphor gum, each 1 ounce; chloroform, % ounce and oil of 
 wintergreen,* i^ ounce. This is excellent for rheumatism, weak back, swell- 
 ings, bruises, cuts, sprains and corns. 
 
 15. Cure-AU Liniment. — Take an ounce each of finely cut opium, gum 
 camphor, gum myrrh, oil of sassafras and pulverized cayenne and half an 
 ounce each of oil of hemlock, oil of wormwood, oil of red cedar, spirits of 
 turpentine and hartshorn and a quart of best alcohol. Mix these and let standi 
 for 10 or 12 days and then strain or filter. This will prove a very effective 
 liniment for general purposes. 
 
 16. Lightning Liniment. — This is good for rheumatism and nervous 
 affections. Mix an ounce each of chloroform and ether, 2 ounces of laudanum 
 and 4 ounces of spirits of turpentine. Bathe the affected parts with this 
 liniment and it will act like lightning. 
 
 17. Chloroform Liniment. — Put % ounce of gum camphor into 1 fluid 
 ounce of chloroform and shake until dissolved and then add 1 ounce of olive 
 oil and 1 dram of tincture of cantharides. Keep well corked. This is fine 
 for all kinds of sprains and strains. 
 
 18. The Best Liniment. — To 6 ounces of spirits of ether add 2 ounces 
 each of alcohol, chloroform, spirits of camphor, aqua ammonia and tincture 
 of aconite root. This is for external purposes only. Rub this on the bowels 
 and it will cure any kind of colic. It is good for colic, strains, bunions and 
 all other aches and pains. 
 
 19. German Liniment. — To 1 quart of alcohol add 2 ounces each of harts- 
 horn and oil of sassafras, 1 ounce each of laudanum, and spirits of camphor, 
 % ounce of spirits of turpentine and l^ ounce of tincture of kino. The dose is 
 from Yz to 1 teaspoonful internally for colic. This dose may be repeated in 
 45 minutes if necessary. 
 
 SO. Liniment for Old Sores. — This liniment is one of the very best for 
 sores of long standing and is also good for cuts, bruises and rheumatism. 
 Take 1 pint of alcohol ; 2 ounces of aqua ammonia ; 1 ounce each of camphor 
 gum, oil of origanum, gum myrrh and tincture of opium and 1 tablespoonful 
 of salt. Let stand for a week, shaking occasionally, and it is ready for use. 
 ' 21. German Rheumatic Fluid. — Put into a quart bottle % ounce each 
 of oil of cedar, oil of hemlock, gum camphor and spirits of turpentine and 1 
 qunce each of oil of sassafras, oil of origanum, aqua ammonia and pulverized 
 
LINIMENTS, OILS, SALVES, ETC. 377 
 
 capsicum; then fill the bottle with best alcohol. Externally this is fine for 
 neuralgia, rheumatism and strains. It is also fine for horses. 
 
 23. Cook's Electric Magnetic Liniment. — To two quarts of best alcohol 
 add 4 ounces each of gum camphor and oil of amber, 1 ounce of finely shaved 
 castile soap, 3 ounces of beef's gall and 6 ounces of ammonia (3F strong). 
 Let stand for 13 hours, shaking frequently. This is good for strains, swell- 
 ings, sore throat and asthma. 
 
 33. Compound Camphor Liniment. — Dissolve 6 drams of camphor in 
 a fluid ounce of chloroform and add a fluid ounce of olive oil. This liniment 
 cannot be beaten for sprains, rheumatism and neuralgia. 
 
 24. Kerosene Liniment. — Dissolve 3 ounces of camphor gum in a pint of 
 kerosene. This liniment will not cost more than ten cents but it is a dandy 
 for rheumatism. 
 
 35. Liniment for Spinal Affections. — ^^Put into a quart bottle 2 ounces 
 each of oil of origanum, wormwood, gum camphor and spirits of turpentine; 
 then fill the bottle with best alcohol. 
 
 36. Great London Liniment. — ^To an ounce each of olive oil, aqua am- 
 monia and chloroform add 10 grains of acetate of morphia. This is a valuable 
 liniment for general purposes. 
 
 37. Gum Liniment. — To a pint of alcohol add % ounce each of cayenne 
 pepper, gum camphor, gum opium and gum myrrh. Let this stand for 3 or 4 
 days, shaking occasionally. 
 
 38. Lobelia and Cayenne Liniment. — Into a pint bottle put % ounce 
 of pulverized cayenne and 1 ounce of lobelia herb. Fill the bottle with 
 whiskey and in 13 or 15 days it is ready for use. It is fine for cuts, bruises, 
 sprains and strains in either man or beast. 
 
 29. St. John's Liniment.— Correct for all practical purposes. Take 71/8 
 ounces each of oil of turpentine and seneca oil ; 3% ounces each of sweet oil, 
 origanum, amber, juniper and laudanum ; % ounce of spirits of ammonia and 
 ^ ounce of gum camphor. 
 
 30. Lime and Oil Liniment. — This is fine for burns, scalds and sunburns. 
 Mix and shake well equal parts of limewater, camphor and linseed oil. 
 
 31. Camphorated Liniment. — Dissolve 1 ounce of camphor in 4 ounces 
 of olive oil. This is very fine for colds, sore throat, inflammation of the 
 lungs, swollen breasts and glandular enlargements of all kinds. 
 
 33. Soap Liniment with Soap.— This is fine for bruises, sore throat, 
 swellings and rheumatism. Into 1% pints of alcohol shave 2 ounces of white 
 bar soap and when dissolved add 1 ounce each of gum camphor and aqua 
 ammonia (3F strong), 3 drams of oil of rosemary and 2 drams of oil of 
 origanum. This forms a soft soapy mass which is to be applied as other 
 liniments. 
 
 33. Soap Liniment without Soap. — ^This is good for croup, rheumatism, 
 swellings and tumors. Mix 2 ounces of sweet oil, 1 ounce of aqua ammonia, 
 % ounce of spirits of camphor and % ounce of spirits of turpentine. 
 
 34. Soap Liniment with Spanish Flies. — ^This is used externally to 
 stimulate chronic bruises, rheumatic pains, sprains and swellings. Take 1% 
 ounces of soap liniment and add to it l/^ ounce of tincture of Spanish flies. 
 Shake thoroughly. 
 
 35. Nye's Liniment.— Used for all kinds of bruises, sprains and fresh 
 wounds of man or beast. It is also good for croup and rheumatism. To 2 
 
2r8 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 quarts of alcohol add % pound of camphor gum, 2 ounces each of oil of 
 spike and origanum and l^^ ounces of tincture of caf)sicum. 
 
 36. British Oil. — Take 2 ounces of oil of turpentine, 2 ounces of oil of 
 linseed or flaxseed, 1 ounce of oil of amber, 1 dram of oil of juniper, % ounce 
 of petroleum and % ounce of senega oil ; put together and shake thoroughly. 
 
 37. Diuretic Liniment for Kidney and feladder Troubles. — To 6 ounces 
 of best alcohol add 1 ounce each of oils of juniper, hotsemint and spearmint. 
 Rub thoroughly over the kidneys 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 38. Liniment for Bums. — Equal parts of cod liver oil and chloroform 
 used as a liniment will relieve the pain of burns. 
 
 39. Camphor and Onion Liniment. — This is fine for quinsy, scrofulous 
 swellings and tumors. Simmer together for 5 minutes 8 ounces of olive oil 
 and half an ounce of ripe onion; strain, and add 2 ounces of gum camphor 
 and rub until dissolved. 
 
 40. Cramp Liniment.— Heat 8 ounces of whiskey or rum and pour upon 
 half an ounce of cayenne. Dip cloths in this and apply to the affected parts 
 and the pain of cramps will soon be relieved. 
 
 41. Hartshorn Liniment. — Take 8 ounces of sweet oil, 2 ounces of spirits 
 of hartshorn and 1 dram of cayenne; cork up and shake occasionally for a 
 week and it is ready for use. Used for sprains and bruises. 
 
 42. Mexican Mustang Liniment. — Take 2 ounces of petroleum, 1 ounce 
 of ammonia water, % ounce of naphtha, % ounce of crude oleic acid and 1 
 draih of brandy. 
 
 43. St. Jacob's Oil. — To 2 quarts of alcohol add 1 ounce each of gum 
 camphor, chloroform, chloral hydrate and sulphuric ether and % ounce each 
 of oil of origanum, tincture of opium and oil of sassafras. For external use 
 only. 
 
 44. Dr. White's Liniment. — Dissolve half an ounce each of saltpeter 
 and 'camphor gum in half a pint of strong alcohol ; add half a pint of spirits 
 of turpentine and a quart of beef's brine which has been scalded and skimmed. 
 Shake well before using. This is excellent for weak back and spinal troubles 
 of all kinds. 
 
 45. Cayenne Liniment. — Steep, but not boil, two teaspoonfuls of cayenne 
 pepper in a teacupful of good vinegar, strain, and bottle for use. This will 
 cause heat and is fine for rheumatism. 
 
 46. Vinegar and Camphor Liniment. — ^Take half a pint each of strong 
 cider vinegar and spirits of camphor, a pint of soft water and % ounce of 
 muriate of ammonia. Wet sheets in this liniment and wrap the patient 
 suffering with inflammatory rheumatism. 
 
 47. Liniment for Ladies. — To a quart of good alcohol add an ounce each 
 of camphor gum, laudanum, sulphuric ether, chloroform, oil of cedar and 
 tinctures of capsicum and myrrh; and also, ^4 ounce each of cajeput, worm- 
 wood, cloves and oil of peppermint. This liniment is neither very burning 
 nor oily like many liniments and is therefore particularly liked by ladies. 
 This is a line liniment and especially for rheumatism. 
 
 48. Golden Oil or Strong Camphor Liniment. — To a pint of good alcohol 
 add 2 ounces of camphor gum, an ounce each of oil of origanum, sassafras, 
 hem.lock and tincture of Cayenne and half an ounce each of spirits of turpen- 
 tine, oil of cajeput, sulphuric ether and chloroform. Keep well corked. This 
 is one of the very best and strongest liniments made, though not quite as 
 
LINIMENTS, OILS, SALVES, ETC. 379 
 
 cheap as some. As a pain killer it may be used both internally and externally. 
 The internal dose is from 15 drops to a teaspoonful in a little sweetened water. 
 It may be repeated in 20 minutes if necessary. 
 
 49. Magnetic Liniment.— Take 1 pint of alcohol, 1 ounce each of oil of 
 origanum and sulphuric ether and 2 drams each of tincture of cantharides 
 and muriate of ammonia. For external use only. 
 
 50. Electric Liniment. — Take aqua ammonia, spirits of turpentine, sweet 
 oil, tincture of camphor and laudanum; of each equal parts. This is a valu- 
 able liniment for all kinds of acute pain. 
 
 51. Dr. Vicker's Celebrated Embrocation. — To 1 quart of spirits of tur- 
 pentine add 1 ounce of oil of sassafras, 1 ounce of oil of origanum, 1 ounce 
 of oil of amber and 1 teaspoonful of black oil of amber to color. This is fine 
 for sore throat, sprains, bruises, rheumatism and lumbago and is_ also good 
 for thiselo and poll evil in horses. The gentleman sending this recipe lives 
 at Alliance, Ohio and is over 80 years old. He says : " We have had this 
 recipe in the home for over 50 years and always keep it on hand. We think 
 it is the best liniment we have ever used." 
 
 52. Arthritic Liniment. — Take 1 gallon of alcohol, % pint of spirits of 
 turpentine, % pound of African cayenne pepper, ^4 ounce oil of hemlock, 
 l^ ounce oil of pennyroyal, % ounce oil of origanum, % ounce of oil of 
 sassafras and l^/^ ounces of camphor gum. Tincture the cayenne pepper in 
 the alcohol and cut the camphor and the oils in the turpentine. Mix and 
 shake well and the liniment is ready for use. The man sending this recipe 
 says : " I secured this recipe during the war of 1864. It is a good all-round 
 liniment." 
 
 53. Solon Day's Liniment. — Mix 2 ounces of ammonia, 2 ounces of alcohol 
 and 15 grains of iodine. Keep well corked. This is a first class liniment. The 
 iodine will cause it to stain the parts, however. 
 
 54. Liniment for Colds and Neuralgia. — Take y^ ounce each of camphor, 
 spirits of turpentine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil and apply externally for 
 cold in the chest, neuralgia, sore throat and rheumatism. For external use 
 only. 
 
 55. Simple Liniment. — To half a pint of olive oil, add a small cake of 
 camphor, a tablespoonful of coal oil, 15 drops of carbolic acid and bring to a 
 boil. 
 
 56. Dr. Ritter's Liniment. — Take 2 ounces of camphor gum, 1 ounce of 
 ammonia water, 1 ounce of turpentine, 3 ounces of sweet oil, 3 ounces of 
 kerosene, 2 ounces of laudanum and 4 ounces of alcohol. This will make a 
 pint in all. First dissolve the camphor in the alcohol, then add the other 
 ingredients and mix thoroughly. Shake each time before using. 
 
 57. Four Oil Liniment. — Take equal parts of oil of cedar, oil of cajeput, 
 oil of cloves and oil of sassafras. Rub on the affected parts 3 or 4 times a 
 day. Good for rheumatic and other painful affections. 
 
 58. Asthma Liniment. — Mix 1 ounce of oil of stillingea, % ounce of oil 
 of cajeput, 2 drams of oil of lobelia and 2 ounces of alcohol. This may be 
 weakened if necessary by using but half the quantity of the oils and 3 ounces 
 of alcohol. This liniment is good for asthma, croup, St. Vitus' dance, sprains 
 and rheumatic pains. It is very prompt and effective in asthma. 
 
 59. Whooping Cough Liniment. — Mix 1 ounce of oil of stillingea, 1 
 ounce of rectified oil of amber, 3 drams of oil of lobelia and 2 ounces of olive 
 
280 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 oil. This is to be used the same as other liniments. It is good for whooping 
 cough, asthma, chorea, rheumatism and sciatica. 
 
 60. Asthma and Pneumonia Liniment. — Take 3% ounces of rose water, 
 the yolk of 1 egg, 3 ounces of oil of turpentine, % dram of oil of lemon and 1 
 ounce of strong vinegar. Add the rose water slowly to the yolk and rub to- 
 gether; then add the turpentine and lemon; pour the mixture into a pint 
 bottle and shake well and then add the vinegar and shake quickly and briskly. 
 Keep well corked. This is good for asthma and pneumonia when rubbed 
 thoroughly with a cloth upon the stomach, chest and throat. 
 
 61. Pleurisy Liniment. — Take 2 ounces of tincture of capsicum, 2 drams 
 of tincture of opium, 3 drams of water of ammonia, 2 drams of oil of origa- 
 num, 1 dram of oil of cinnamon and 1 dram of tincture of camphor. This is 
 good to relieve the pain of pleurisy, rheumatism and neuralgia. 
 
 62. Nerve Liniment and Pain Killer. — Take 1% ounces of spirits of 
 hartshorn, 1% ounces of sulphuric ether, I/2 ounce of spirits of turpentine, 
 % ounce of sweet oil, 14 ounce of oil of cloves and 1 ounce of chloroform. 
 This is for external application and is good for man and beast. 
 
 SALVES AND PLASTERS. 
 
 1. Mother's Salve, — Melt together 1 ounce each of lard, rosin and 
 beeswax; remove from the fire and when practically cool add 1 ounce of oil 
 of spikenard. , 
 
 2. Salve for Cuts, Bruises and Corns. — Take 1 pound each of rosin, 
 beeswax and sheep's tallow and 1^4 pounds of raw linseed oil. Simmer down 
 until of the proper consistency. A lady writes : " We think so much of this 
 recipe that my granddaughter has taken it to India with her where she 
 has gone as a missionary." 
 
 3. Gunpowder Salve for Chilblains. — Rub together equal parts of 
 lard and gunpowder and you will have a salve that will cure frostbites and 
 chilblains. 
 
 4. Salve for Chaps and Cracks. — Simmer together % ounce of bees^ 
 wax, 1 ounce of mutton tallow and 5 ounces of rosin. Make into rolls and 
 when needed spread on a cloth and apply as hot as can be borne. 
 
 5. Salve for Abscesses, Broken Breasts and Fever Sores. — Steep % 
 ounce of tobacco in 1 pint of rain water, boil down to 1 gill and strain. Then 
 add 1/^ ounce each of melted lard, beeswax and rosin and simmer until it 
 makes a thick salve and then add a gill of old rum. 
 
 6. Felon Salve. — Shave some soap very fine, moisten with spirits of 
 turpentine and apply to the felon. A fine salve for felons. 
 
 7. Effectual Com Salve. — Simmer together a teaspoonful each of pine 
 tar, brown sugar and saltpeter. After paring the corn spread the salve on a 
 piece of thin leather and bind on for two or three days. A piece of old kid 
 glove will do nicely for the leather. 
 
 8. Carbolic Salve or Balsam. — Melt together 10 ounces of vaseline and 
 5 ounces of white wax, add an ounce of balsam of fir and when nearly cool 
 stir in half an ounce of carbolic acid. Put into a glass jar or tin box and keep 
 tightly covered. This is fine for burns and sores. 
 
 9. Salve for Cracks, Wounds and Pains. — Melt m pounds of rosin and 
 when it has cooled a little stir in 2 ounces of balsam of fir, then a pint of 
 
LINIMENTS, OILS, SALVES, ETC. 281 
 
 spirits of turpentine and lastly, 1 ounce of oil of hemlock. If this is too soft 
 add a little more rosin and use a little less turpentine. 
 
 10. Salve for Wounds, Bums and Old Sores. — Take half a pound of 
 beeswax, half a pound of salty butter, a quarter of a pound of turpentine and 
 6 ounces of balsam of fir. Simmer these together for half an hour and when 
 cool the salve is ready for use. A lady in Massachusetts writes that she has 
 used this for years for wounds, burns and old sores and has never found its 
 equal. 
 
 11. Onion Salve. — Slice a medium sized onion into 4 ounces of vaseline, 
 ritew together and strain. Apply two or three times a day to inflamed wounds. 
 
 13. Green Salve or Ointment for Ulcers and Old Sores. — Melt together 
 an ounce each of rosin and beeswax, stir in 4 ounces of either lard or mutton 
 tallow, take from the stove and add 1 dram of pulverized verdigris and stir 
 until cold. Cleanse the parts twice a day with pure castile soap and apply 
 the salve. If there is any proud flesh, sprinkle on a little pulverized burnt 
 alum before applying the salve. 
 
 13. Black Healing Salve. — Put 1% pounds of olive oil into a kettle and 
 bring to a boil ; stir in y2 pound of powdered red lead and continue stirring 
 until it is of a deep brown color; then remove from the fire and stir in 2 
 ounces of finely shaved beeswax, 2 ounces of unsalted butter, 4 ounces of 
 white turpentine, 6 ounces of honey and lastly, 4 ounces of powdered gum 
 camphor. Spread on a cloth and apply. This is excellent for ulcers, wounds, 
 burns and inflammations. 
 
 14. Green Mountain Salve, also White Salve. — These salves are excellent 
 for rheumatism and weak back, bruises, cuts and corns. Take 5 pounds of 
 rosin ; % pound each of beeswax, mutton tallow and burgundy pitch ; 1 ounce 
 each of balsam of fir, oil of hemlock, oil of red cedar, Venice turpentine and oil 
 of origanum ; % ounce oil of wormwood and 1 ounce of finely pulverized verdi- 
 gris. Melt the rosin, beeswax, tallow and pitch together; then add the other 
 articles, having previously rubbed the verdigris into a little of the oils. Stir 
 well, pour into cold water and work as wax. When cool enough, roll and cut 
 into sticks. This is the Green Mountain Salve and is unequalled for rheuma- 
 tism and weak back, shoulders or side and has cured corns. A plaster on the 
 stomach will relieve dyspepsia. It is applied by spreading on cloths or thin 
 leather. The White Salve is the same only the verdigris is left out. The 
 White Salve is used where the skin is broken as in ulcers, bruises and cuts. 
 By dividing the batch, both kinds may be made at the same time. This is 
 a grand salve and if you once have it in the home you will never be without 
 it. Put a piece in your grip when you travel and it will often come in handy. 
 
 15. Spice Plaster. — ^Take an ounce each of powdered ginger, cinnamon, 
 cloves and black pepper and a dram of pulverized cayenne; mix, and add a 
 fluid ounce of tincture of ginger and enough honey to make a thick paste. 
 When applied over the stomach this is excellent for sickness at the stomach 
 and vomiting. 
 
 OINTMENTS. 
 1. Simple Ointment — Mix 2 ounces of sulphur with i/^ pound of melted 
 lard and stir until cold. This is one of the finest ointments made for piles, 
 tetter, salt rheuin, itch and skin diseases in general. 
 
283 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 2. Trask's Ointment. — Mix thoroughly equal parts of lard, chopped 
 raisins and fine cut tobacco. This is one of the best pile remedies known. 
 
 3. Sweet Clover Ointment. — Stew some sweet clover in lard and add 
 equal parts of beeswax and white pine turpentine until it forms an ointment 
 of the proper consistency. A fine ointment for general purposes. 
 
 4. Wood Soot Ointment. — Mix an ounce of finely pulverized wood 
 soot with four ounces of lard. Spread on cotton batting and apply to burns, 
 scald-head and other skin diseases. 
 
 5. Catarrh Ointment. — Simmer together % ounce of pure tar and 3 
 ounces of fresh unsalted butter. Apply inside the nostrils 4 or 5 times a day. 
 
 6. Magnetic Ointment — Take % pint of oil of butter and % ounce 
 each of oil of bergamot and oil of origanum. This is fine for bruises, fresh 
 cuts, burns and for softening and healing old sores. 
 
 7. Ointment for Tumors, Caked Breasts and Bruises. — Take half a 
 pound of fresh tops and flowers of St. John's root and the same quantity of 
 green stramonium leaves ; bruise both together ; mix with one pound of lard 
 and gently heat for an hour. 
 
 8. Pile Ointment. — Rub 3 drams of sulphur and 4 drams of lard to- 
 gether between 2 pieces of lead until well blackened. This is a great remedy 
 for blind or bleeding piles. 
 
 9. Tetter Ointment. — ^Take fresh butter, 4 ounces; Venice turpentine, 
 1 ounce; red precipitate, 1 ounce; melt the butter and turpentine together 
 and while warm stir in the precipitate and mix well. Rub on a little once or 
 twice a day. An excellent ointment for tetter, ringworm, and eruptions of 
 the skin. 
 
 10. Ringworm Ointment. — Mix 1 part of citrine ointment with 7 parts 
 of vaseline and rub upon the skin twice a day. This is good for the itch as 
 well as ringworm. 
 
 11. Ointment for Itch and Ringworm. — With 1 ounce of benzoated 
 lard mix 1 dram of sulphur and 1 dram of tar ointment. Rub into the skin 3 
 times a day until well absorbed. 
 
 12. Zinc Ointment. — Mix 2 drams of oxide of zinc, 5 drams of lanolin, 
 1 dram of albolene and 10 grains of salicylic acid. 
 
 13. Tar Ointment. — Melt a pound of suet, add the same amount of tar 
 and stir continually until cold. This is a fine application for scabby erup- 
 tions such as scald-head, etc. 
 
 14. Ointment for Itching. — Powder 20 grains of gum camphor with a 
 few drops of alcohol and mix with an ounce of oxide of zinc ointment and then 
 rub in 13 grains of red precipitate. 
 
 15. Spanish Fly Ointment. — Take a small quantity of vaseline and rub 
 into it as much tincture of cantharides as it will take up. Bathe the feet, 
 wipe dry, and apply at bed time to cure chilblains. Do not apply so fre- 
 quently or thoroughly as to cause blistering. 
 
 16. Herb and Turpentine Ointment. — Bruise 1 ounce each of worm- 
 wood, horehound, double tansy, catnip and hops and cover with lard and 
 spirits. Let stand for two weeks, simmer and strain. To each ounce of the 
 ointment add an ounce of turpentine. 
 
 17. Carbolic Ointment. — Work thoroughly 10 drops of carbolic acid into 
 an ounce of vaseline. Fine for burns and scalds. 
 
 18. Elder Flower Ointment.— Cover elder flowers with lard which has 
 
LINIMENTS, OILS, SALVES, ETC. 383 
 
 been warmed just enough to melt it. Steep for 10 or 12 hours, always keeping 
 the lard just warm enough to be melted. After the steeping, strain the mix- 
 ture through linen without squeezing. When cold the ointment will be found 
 excellent for burns, scalds and erysipelas. Ointment may be made in this 
 manner from any kind of flowers. 
 
 19. Spermaceti Gintment^Melt over a slow fire l^/^ ounces of olive oil, 
 3 dram of spermaceti and 1 dram of white wax; stir until cold. This 
 will not keep long so it is not well to make it in large quantities. It is used 
 for blisters, chaps and chafed places. 
 
 20. Ointment for Chilblains and Frostbites. — To 3 pounds of lard add 
 % pound each of fresh leaves of henbane, stramonium and bitter sweet and 
 % pound of elder bark. Simmer together for 2 hours and strain. 
 
 31. Ointment for Shingles and Skin Diseases. — Boil swamp sassafras 
 and yellow dock roots, an ounce of each, to a strong decoction and add a 
 pound of lard and simmer to an ointment. 
 
 33. Ointment for Piles and Skin Diseases. — Cover 3 ounces of fine cut 
 tobacco with spirits and add % pound of lard and simmer over a slow fire 
 until the tobacco is a little crisp and then strain. This ointment is especially 
 valuable for piles. 
 
 33. Ointment for Itch, Scrofulous Ulcers and Scald-Head. — -Boil 3 ounces 
 of yellow dock, 3 ounces of wood soot and Yz ounce of good tobacco in a 
 gallon of water until it has evaporated to half a gallon; then strain and boil 
 down to 1 pint and add 3 ounces each of tar and unsalted butter and simmer 
 slowly until there is but % of a pint and then add 1 ounce of spirits of 
 camphor and stir until cold. 
 
 POULTICES. 
 
 Poultices should be applied soft and moist but not thin enough to run 
 over the surrounding parts. They are usually applied warm and renewed 
 before they become dry or cool. Various poultices are used for the purpose of 
 scattering tumors, stimulating, checking mortification, lessening inflammation, 
 hastening the formation of pus or drawing poison from wounds. 
 
 1. Soothing Poultices. — Poultices of bread ancl milk, flaxseed, corn 
 meal or slippery elm are used where a soothing effect is desired as they re- 
 tain heat and moisture a long time. The bread and milk and flaxseed poul- 
 tices are best for boils, felons and abscesses when they are forming. After 
 the matter begins to discharge the slippery elm poultice should be used. 
 Slippery elm is also best for deep ulcers and carbuncles. 
 
 3. Stimulating Poultices. — Mustard poultices are stimulating as also 
 are carrot poultices. Boil two or three garden carrots until soft and mix 
 with a small quantity of flour or powdered elm bark. This poultice is useful 
 for old ulcers and painful tumors. 
 
 3. Charcoal Poultice. — Let an ounce of bread stand in 5 ounces of hot 
 water for 10 minutes near the fire and then add 5 drams of powdered flaxseed 
 and 3 drams of finely powdered charcoal, thus forming a soft poultice. This 
 will be found excellent for ulcers and old sores. 
 
 4. Slippery Elm Poultice. — ^Take the desired quantity of powdered elm 
 bark and add enough hot water or milk to form a soft poultice. This is valu- 
 able when a soothing or softening effect is desired. 
 
 5. Lobelia Poultice. — To equal quantities of lobelia and powdered elm 
 
384 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 bark add enough hot weak lye water to make a poultice. This has fine draw- 
 ing power and is excellent for boils, felons, stings, wounds, fistula, white 
 swelling, painful swf igs, inflammation of the breasts and various other 
 inflammations. 
 
 6. Poke Root Poultice. — Roast some poke root in hot ashes until soft, 
 then wash it and make a poultice with hot water. This is good for scattering 
 boils, tumors, felons and caked breasts. 
 
 7. Yeast Poultice. — Poultices made of yeast are excellent for ulcers 
 that slough and have an offensive odor. 
 
 8. Corn Meal Poultice. — This poultice is made by cooking corn meal 
 in hot water until it sticks together. Apply to the seat of the pain as hot 
 as it can be borne. 
 
 9. Mullein Poultice. — Boil mullein leaves in water and with this make 
 a thin mush with com meal and add just a little vinegar. 
 
 10. Cranberry Poultice. — Bruise the desired quantity of cranberries and 
 apply to the throat for quinsy and to swollen glands in scarlet fever and 
 other diseases. Also fine for erysipelas. It gives relief in a few hours. 
 
 11. Thorn Apple Poultice. — Bruise the desired quantity of leaves and 
 moisten with water ; apply to the abdomen for peritonitis and to the crotch for 
 enlarged prostate gland and for passing the catheter to draw the urine in the 
 male. This poultice should remain on the parts for about an hour. 
 
 12. Poultice for Offensive Ulcers. — Soak 2 ounces of bread in 10 ounces 
 of water and gradually mix with it 10 drams of powdered flaxseed to make' a 
 soft poultice and then add 2 drams of powdered charcoal and when the poul- 
 tice is prepared sprinkle another dram of powdered charcoal over the surface 
 of it before applying. 
 
 13. Flaxseed Poultice. — While water is boiling add flaxseed to it very 
 slowly until it becomes as thick as porridge. Continue the heat with con- 
 stant stirring for 10 minutes, then spread on cotton and cover with gauze or 
 cheese cloth which makes the covering next to the skin. Cover the whole 
 with silk or flannel to retain the heat and if necessary, bandage snugly to 
 keep it from slipping. Renew when cool. 
 
 14. Bran Poultice. — When a light but thick poultice is required, bran 
 should be boiled in water and placed in a bag and tied tightly. Press out the 
 surplus water and apply to the parts. Cover well as it cools quickly. 
 
 15. Hop Poultice. — ^Use hops instead of bran and make and apply in the 
 same way. 
 
 16. Spice Poultice. — Mix equal parts of ground cinnamon, cloves, all- 
 spice and ginger and if you wish to have it very strong you can add i/4 part 
 of cayenne pepper. Place this in a flannel bag and spread evenly and wet 
 with alcohol or whiskey before applying. This will last for a long time by re- 
 wetting. It is fine for pains in the abdomen. 
 
 FOMENTATIONS. 
 The object of fomentations is to reduce swelling and inflammation. They 
 are used either warm or cold. Some medicine is added to water or some 
 herb is steeped in water and cloths are then wrung out of it and applied. Or, 
 herbs are steeped, put into a bag, and applied hdt. Cloths wrung out of hot 
 or cold water either clear or medicated are sometimes called compresses. 
 In adding tinctures to water for this purpose, from 10 to 20 drops of the tinc- 
 ture is usually added to half a pint of water. Compresses or fomentations 
 
LINIMENTS, OILS, SALVES, ETC. 385 
 
 should be changed frequently to keep them either hot or cold as desired. 
 Cover them with dry cloths to keep the water from running upon other parts. 
 
 1. Arnica. — Put from 10 to 20 drops of tincture of arnica into half a 
 pint of water and use for sprains and bruises. 
 
 2. Calendula. — Put 10 or 30 drops of tincture of calendula into half 
 a pint of water and use for cuts. 
 
 3. Urtica Urens. — Put from 10 to 30 drops of tincture of urtica urens 
 into half a pint of water and use for either scalds or bruises. 
 
 4. Hops. — Hop fomentations are made by dipping sacks of hops into 
 hot water and applying to the parts. Cover with dry cloths to hold the heat. 
 Other fomentations are made by adding equal parts of wormwood and tansy 
 or lobelia and stramonium leaves to the hops and applying in the same way. 
 
 5. Mullein. — Fomentations of mullein leaves are excellent for bruises 
 and swellings. 
 
 6. Turpentine Stupe. — Sprinkle a few drops of turpentine on a flannel 
 cloth which has first been wrung out of hot water. Apply this as hot as pos- 
 sible and cover well with oiled silk and dry flannels. Change often to keep 
 it warm. Turpentine should not be applied after the skin is reddened. 
 
 POWDERS. 
 
 When a single ingredient is pulverized it is called a simple powder and 
 when two or more ingredients are pulverized and mixed together it is called 
 a compound powder. Powders should be kept in air tight bottles or cans 
 and some of them need to be protected from the light. This can be done by 
 painting the bottle black. There are many different kinds of powders and 
 you will find many of them described in the treatment of various diseases 
 and in the preparation of the herbs. 
 
 1. Compound Powder of Rhubarb. — Mix thoroughly 3 ounces of pow- 
 dered rhubarb, a pound of magnesia and an ounce of pulverized ginger. Keep 
 in air tight bottles. This is a standard remedy used by physicians for bowel 
 complaints of children. The rhubarb moves the irritating material from 
 the bowels and the ginger stimulates the membrane to action. 
 
 MUSTARD POULTICE 
 
 Use 1 part of mustard to from 4 to 10 parts of meal. Make into a paste 
 with boiling water. 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. 
 
 VALUABLE PRESCRIPTIONS FOR MAKING SECRET 
 PREPARATIONS. 
 
 In the preparation of this department we are indebted to the Secretary 
 of tlie American Medical Association for references to the Leading Medical 
 Journals of the world who have had these medicines chemically analyzed. 
 Patent medicine manufacturers sometimes change their formulas slightly 
 so as to avoid having them become public, so all we can claim is that these 
 prescriptions will make preparations which are similar to the originals in 
 their action and uses. We have tried to give only the most valuable ones 
 and though Dr. Ritter did not compile this department we have employed 
 one of the best analytical chemists in the country to carefully go over the 
 prescriptions with the view of eliminating the harmful ones and adding the 
 uses and doses of each as otherwise the prescriptions would be of little value. 
 
 AVER'S SARSAPARILLA. 
 
 Fluid extract sarsaparilla 3 oz. 
 
 Fluid extract stillingia 3 oz. 
 
 Fluid extract may apple 2 oz. 
 
 Fluid extract yellow dock 2 oz. 
 
 Sugar , 1 oz. 
 
 Iodide potassium 90 grs. 
 
 Iodide iron 10 grs. 
 
 Used for so-called diseases of the blood, pimples, blotches, etc. Dose for adults 
 — one teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
 AVER'S CHERRY PECTORAL. 
 
 Tincture of blood root , 2 dr. 
 
 Acetate of morphia .' 3 gr. 
 
 Wine antimony 3 dr. 
 
 Wine ipecac 3 dr. 
 
 Syrup wild cherry 3 oz. 
 
 Used for bronchitis, coughs, colds and irritation of the throat. Dose for adults- 
 one teaspoonful every four hours. 
 
 AVER'S HAIR VIGOR. 
 
 Acetate of lead ". 1% oz. 
 
 Precipitated sulphur 1 oz. 
 
 Glycerine 7 oz. 
 
 Water 40 oz. 
 
 Add a few drops of any perfume. Shake well before applying. Apply once a 
 day until color of hair deepens, then once a week. 
 
 ANTI-FAT. 
 
 Anti-fat is prepared from fresh bladder wrack. It is the fluid extract 
 of this plant, 15 pounds of which is used in making 80 oz. of the extract, 
 with proof spirit as the menstruum. 
 
 286 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. 387 
 
 ASEPTIN. 
 
 Alum 1 oz. 
 
 Borax 2 oz. 
 
 These should be powdered and mixed thoroughly together. This is a preserva- 
 tive for meat, milk," etc. 
 
 ARABIAN BALSAM. 
 
 Oleum terebinth 4 dr. 
 
 Oleum origani 1 oz. 
 
 Oleum gossjrpium 15 oz. 
 
 Mix together; four or five drops. 
 
 ALLEN'S LUNG BALSAM. \ 
 
 Tinct. lobelia 4 oz. 
 
 Tinct. sanguinaria 4 oz. 
 
 Tinct. opium 2 oz. 
 
 Tinct. capsicum % oz. 
 
 Essence anise % oz. 
 
 Essence sassafras % oz. 
 
 New Orleans molasses 1 qt. 
 
 Slowly add the other ingredients to the boiling molasses. 
 
 When cold add enough water to make three pints. Used for bronchitis, coughs, 
 colds and inflammation of the air passages. Dose for adults — one teaspoopful every 
 four hours. 
 
 BARKER'S BONE AND NERVE LINIMENT. 
 
 Camphor 70 gr. 
 
 Oil of turpentine 2 fl dr. 
 
 Oil of thyme 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Oil of tar % fl. dr. 
 
 Franklin oil (lubricating oil, black oil), enough to make 3 fl. oz. 
 For rheumatism, chilblains, bruises and sprains. 
 
 BEECH AM'S PILLS. 
 
 Sulphate of sodium . . .• 12 gr. 
 
 Saffron 12 gr. 
 
 Rhubarb 45 gr. 
 
 Aloes 340 gr. 
 
 Mix and make into pills containing 3 grains each. 
 
 Used as a tonic laxative in constipation, biliousness, etc. For adults, take one 
 to three at bed time in ft glass of water. 
 
 BRITISH OIL. 
 
 Petroleum 3 oz. 
 
 Oil juniper 2 dr. 
 
 Oil turpentine 3 dr. 
 
 Oil amber 8 oz. 
 
 Linseed oil '. 34 oz. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. Useful for kidney, bladder and urinary troubles, etc. Dose—* 
 three to five drops. 
 
 BARBEL'S INDIAN LINIMENT. 
 
 Tincture capsicum 3 dr. 
 
 Oil sassafras l oz. 
 
 Oil origanum 1 oz. 
 
 Oil pennyroyal 1 oz. 
 
 Otl hemlock 1 oz. 
 
 Alcohol 2 qts. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. Used for sprains, rheumatism, sciatica, lumbago, etc. 
 
288 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 BAY RUM. 
 
 French proof spirit 1 qt 
 
 Extract of bay (soluble) 12 dr. 
 
 Does not need filtering. Color with caramel. 
 
 A delightful dressing for the hair. 
 
 "BIG G" INJECTION. 
 
 Zinc acetate 15 gr. 
 
 Berberine hydrochlorate '. 15 gr. 
 
 Glycerine 4 dr. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make ._ 8 oz. 
 
 Used for gonorrhea, leucorrhea (whites), cystitis, etc. Use as an injection three 
 times a day. 
 
 BUCKLEN'S ARNICA SALVE. 
 
 Extract arnica 1 oz. 
 
 Vaseline 3 oz. 
 
 Resin cerate 8 oz. • 
 
 Raisins, seedless 8 oz. 
 
 Tobacco, fine cut '. % , oz. 
 
 Water a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Put the tobacco and raisins into a pint of water and boil until the strength is 
 extracted;^ express the liquid and evaporate to four ounces. Mix the liqujd with the 
 arnica which has been softened with a little hot water; add this to the vaseline and 
 resin cerate which have been previously warmed and mix well. 
 
 BROWN'S BRONCHIAL TROCHES. 
 
 Extract of licorice, powdered 2 lb. 
 
 Sugar, powdered 3 lb. 
 
 Gum arable, powdered % lb. 
 
 Cubebs, powdered % lb. 
 
 Extract conium 2 oz. 
 
 Mix all together, moisten carefully with water to make a stiff dough, roll out 
 in a thin sheet with a rolling pin and cut into small squares or ovals. Excellent 
 troches for tickling in the throat, coughs, colds, etc. 
 
 BOSCHEE'S GERMAN SYRUP. 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia 3 dr. 
 
 Oil of tar 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Fluid extract wild cherry 6 fl. dr. 
 
 Fluid extract ipecac 4 fl. dr. 
 
 Tincture of opium 4 fl. dr. 
 
 Water 6 fl. oz. 
 
 White sugar 10 oz. 
 
 First, triturate the magnesia with the oil of tar; then with a mixture of the 
 water and fluid extracts; filter and without heat form a solution with the sugar by agi- 
 tation. 
 
 An excellent remedy for bronchitis, coughs, colds and inflammation of the air 
 passages. l3ose for adults — one teaspoonful every three hours. 
 
 CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS. 
 
 Podophyllin 3 gr. 
 
 Aloes (Socotrine) 7 gr. 
 
 Mucilage of acacia sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix, and divide into 24 pills. 
 
 Used for headache, biliousness, constipation, etc. Take from one to four pills at 
 bed time with a glass of water. 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. 289 
 
 CASTORIA. 
 
 Senna 8 dr. 
 
 Rochelle salts 2 oz. 
 
 Manna 2 oz. 
 
 Bruised fennel , . 3 dr. 
 
 Boiling water 16 fl. oz. 
 
 Sugar '. 16 oz. 
 
 Oil of wintergreen .to flavor. 
 
 Pour the boiling water over the ingredients, cover and allow them to macerate 
 until cool; strain and add the sugar and after dissolving by agitation add enough oil of 
 wintergreen to flavor. 
 
 A safe and good remedy for constipation, biliousness, headache, indigestion, etc 
 Dose — one to four teaspoonfuls. 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN'S COLIC, CHOLERA, AND DIARRHEA 
 
 REMEDY, 
 
 Tincture guaiacum 12 fl. dr. 
 
 Tincture camphor 16 fl. dr. 
 
 Tincture capsicum 20 fl. dr. 
 
 The dose is from one to fifteen drops on a lump of sugar every one-half to two 
 hours until relief is obtained. 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN'S RELIEF. 
 
 Tincture capsicum 1 oz. 
 
 Tincture guaiac Vi oz. 
 
 Spirits of camphor % oz. 
 
 Color tincture, to make 2 oz. 
 
 The dose is from five to fifteen drops on a lump of sugar every one-half to two 
 hours until relief is obtained. 
 
 CUTICURA OINTMENT. 
 
 The base is petroleum jelly. Nine drops of carbolic acid are added to 
 this and the whole is colored green and perfumed with oil of bergamot. 
 
 CUTICURA RESOLVENT. 
 
 Aloes, Socot 1 dr. 
 
 Iodide potass 36 gr. 
 
 Powdered rhubarb 1 dr. 
 
 Whiskey 1 pt. 
 
 Allow these to macerate over night and then filter. 
 
 A tonic alterative in so-called diseases of the blood, pimples, ulcers, etc. The 
 dose is a dessert spoonful two or three times a day. 
 
 COKE DANDRUFF CURE. 
 
 Resorcin 4 dr. 
 
 Alcohol 4 oz. 
 
 Water 4 oz. 
 
 Mix all together and add a few drops of perfume or bay rum. This may be 
 colored if desired. An application should be made two or three times a week. Rub 
 lightly into the scalp and continue the rubbing for some time. 
 
 CAMPHOR ICE. 
 
 Gum camphor 1^ oz. 
 
 Spermaceti 3 oz. 
 
 Oil of sweet almonds 4 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Heat this in an earthen vessel just enough to dissolve. Pour into moulds and 
 wrap with tinfoil. Used for chapped hands and lips. 
 19 
 
290 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 ELY'S CREAM BALM. 
 
 Vaseline' 1 oz. 
 
 Carb. bismuth 15 gr. 
 
 Thymol 3 gr. 
 
 Oil wintergreen 2 minims. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. Used for catarrh. Dip the finger into the ointment, insert up 
 the nostrils and give two or three inhalations. 
 
 EGYPTIAN EYE SALVE. 
 
 White Rosin 6 dr. 
 
 Beeswax 30 gr. 
 
 Burgundy pitch 30 gr. 
 
 Mutton tallow 30 gr. 
 
 Balsam fir 30 gr. 
 
 Venice turpentine 30 gr. 
 
 Melt together with gentle heat and stir until cold. Spread on a cloth and apply 
 to the parts. 
 
 ESPEY'S CREAM. 
 
 Boric Acid •' 4 gr. 
 
 Cydonium 1% dr. 
 
 Glycerine 2 oz. 
 
 Carbolic acid 10 gr. 
 
 Alcohol 3 oz. 
 
 Cologne water .' 2 dr. 
 
 Rose water sufficient to make 1 pt._ 
 
 Dissolve the boric acid in four ounces of rose water, add the cydonium a,nd 
 allow it to macerate in the solution for three hours, press through cloth and then add 
 the glycerine, alcohol, cologne and enough rose water to make a pint Add the carbolic 
 acid and shake well. 
 
 FROSTILLA. 
 
 Quince seeds 30 gr. 
 
 Hot water 10% oz. 
 
 Glycerine 3 oz. 
 
 Deodorized alcohol 2% oz. 
 
 Put the seeds into a bottle, pour the hot water over them and shake occasionally 
 until a mucilage is formed, then strain through muslin. Add the glycerine and shake 
 well. Dissolve any desired perfume in the alcohol and add to the mucilage and shake 
 briskly until the solution is of a uniform consistency. 
 
 GARGLING OIL. 
 
 Crude petroleum 6V2 fl. oz. 
 
 Soft soap 8 fl. oz. 
 
 Ammonia water 3 fl. oz. 
 
 Benzine 8 fl. oz. 
 
 Crude oil amber ; 1 fl. oz. 
 
 Tincture iodine % fl. oz. 
 
 Water 2% pts. 
 
 First, mix the petroleum and soap and then add the ammonia water, oil of amber 
 and tincture of iodine, and mix well. _ Then add the benzine and lastly the water. 
 An excellent liniment for sprains, strains, rheumatism, sciatica, etc. 
 
 GENUINE WHITE OIL LINIMENT. 
 
 Ammonia carbonate 19 parts. 
 
 Camphor 20 parts. 
 
 Oil origanum 20 parts. 
 
 Oil turpentine 21 parts. 
 
 Castile Soap 19 parts. 
 
 Water sufficient to make 300 parts (by weight). 
 
PATE.NT MEDICINES. 891 
 
 GILES'S IODIDE OF AMMONIA LINIMENT. 
 
 Iodine 1 dr. 
 
 Camphor 1 oz. 
 
 Oil of lavender % oz. 
 
 Oil of rosemary % oz. 
 
 Aqua ammonia 4 oz. 
 
 Alcohol 1 qt 
 
 First, dissolve the iodine in the alcohol; add the camphor and then the oils and 
 then add enough water of ammonia to remove the dark color from the mixture. 
 
 GOMBAULT'S CAUSTIC BALSAM. 
 
 Cotton-seed oil 2 fl. oz. 
 
 Croton oil 4 fl. dr. 
 
 Oil of camphor 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Oil of thyme ,. % fl. dr. 
 
 Oil of turpentine 3 fl. dr. 
 
 Kerosene 4 fl. dr. 
 
 Sulphuric acid ; . 20 minims. 
 
 Mix the cotton-seed and croton oils and add the sulphuric acid, stirring continually, 
 then add the other ingredients. After standing a few days this closely resembles the 
 original preparation. 
 
 An excellent preparation for spavins, ringbones, sprains and swellings. 
 
 GOOD SAMARITAN LINIMENT. 
 
 Ojl of hemlock % fl. oz. 
 
 Oil of sassafras % fl. oz. 
 
 Spirits of turpentine % fl. oz. 
 
 Tincture of opium ■. % fl. oz. 
 
 Tincture of capsicum % fl. oz. 
 
 Tincture of myrrh 2 fl. oz. 
 
 Oil of origanum 1 fl. oz. 
 
 Oil of wintergreen 2 fl. dr. 
 
 ' Gum camphor 1 oz. (troy) 
 
 Chloroform % fl. oz. 
 
 Alcohol 2 pts. 
 
 GREEN MOUNTAIN SALVE. 
 
 Resin 5 lb. 
 
 Beeswax % lb. 
 
 Burgundy pitch % lb. 
 
 Mutton tallow % lb. 
 
 Oil of hemlock 1 oz. 
 
 Balsam fir 1 oz. 
 
 Oil of red cedar 1 oz. 
 
 Oil origanum 1 oz. 
 
 Venice turpentine 1 oz. 
 
 Oil of wormwood % oz. 
 
 Powdered verdigris 1 oz. 
 
 Melt together the resin, beeswax, pitch and tallow and then addthe oils; having 
 rubbed up the verdigris with a Httle oil, add it to the other articles, stirring well; then 
 put the whole into cold water and work until cold enough to roll into sticks. 
 
 GREAT LONDON LINIMENT. 
 
 Acetate of morphia 10 gr. 
 
 Olive oil 1 oz. 
 
 Chloroform ._ 1 oz. 
 
 Water of ammonia 1 oz. 
 
 This is used where there is great pain. It should be used with caution. 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK, 
 
 GREENE'S NERVURA. 
 
 Tinct. of cinchona 5.oz. 
 
 Tinct. of damiana 5 oz. 
 
 Tinct. of coca 5 oz. 
 
 Make the tincture of damiana by taking five ounces of the leaves and a pint ol 
 diluted alcohol. Put into a wide mouthed bottle, place in a water bath and boil for 
 half an hour. Filter and to the filtered product add enough diluted alcohol to make 
 a pint. Prepare the tincture of coca in the same way. 
 
 A good nerve tonic. Dose for adults — one teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
 GREEN'S AUGUST FLOWER. 
 
 Golden seal 90 gr. 
 
 Rhubarb 360 gr. 
 
 Cape aloes . ." , 16 gr. 
 
 Carb. of potash 120 gr. 
 
 Peppermint leaves 120 gr. 
 
 Capsicum 5 gr. 
 
 Sugar 5 oz. 
 
 Water 10 oz. 
 
 Alcohol 3 oz. 
 
 Essence of peppermint 20 minims. 
 
 The drugs should be powdered and macerated with the mixed water and alcohol 
 for seven days. Filter and add enough diluted alcohol to make the filtered product 
 measure one pint. 
 
 An excellent remedy for sour stomach, indigestion, flatulence, biliousness, head- 
 ache and other troubles arising from a disordered stomach. Dose — one teaspoonful 
 three times a day. 
 
 GOLD CURE FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 We give two systems — ^The Wherrell Treatment and The Keeley Cure. 
 
 The Wherrell Treatment.— 
 
 Tincture of quassia 1 oz. 
 
 Compound tincture of cinchona 1 oz. » 
 
 Tincture of hydrastis l oz. 
 
 Mix and take a teaspoonful in water every three hours. 
 
 The Keeley Cure.— 
 
 Tincture of gentian 1 oz. 
 
 Tincture of cinchona 1 oz. 
 
 Tincture of columbo 1 oz. 
 
 Salicin 1 dram. 
 
 The salicin should be dissolved in two ounces of boiling water and added to the 
 tinctures. Take a teaspoonful every two hours for four or five weeks. 
 
 HALL'S CATARRH CURE. 
 
 Gentian root in coarse powder 1% oz. 
 
 Cardamon seeds in coarse powder 100 gr. 
 
 Bitter orange peel in coarse powder 5 dr. 
 
 Potassium iodide 1 oz. 
 
 Dilute alcohol sufficient quantity. 
 
 Macerate the crude drugs in 12 ounces of dilute alcohol for 48 hours, then put 
 into a percolator and allow to percolate slowly. When the liquid has stopped perco- 
 lating, pass enough menstruum through the percolator so that the finished product 
 measures a pint. In this dissolve the potassium iodide. 
 
 The dose is a dessert spoonful three times a day after meals. 
 
 HAMBURG TEA. 
 
 Coriander 1 part. 
 
 Manna 3 parts. 
 
 Senna _ _. 8 parts. 
 
 Used for constipation, headache, biliousness, etc. Mix a teaspoonful with a cup 
 of boiling water and allow to cool before drinking'. 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. 293 
 
 HALL'S HAIR RENEWER. 
 
 Lead acetate Vs dr. 
 
 Precipitated sulphur % dr. 
 
 Salt 1 dr. 
 
 Glycerine 4 fl. oz. 
 
 Jamaica rum ■. ■. 3 fl. oz. 
 
 Bay rum 1 A. oz. 
 
 Water 8 fl. oz. _ 
 
 Mix thoroughly. Shake well before using and rub into the roots of the hair onct 
 a day until the hair darkens and then once a week. 
 
 HAMLIN'S WIZARD OIL. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pt. 
 
 Gum camphor 1 oz. 
 
 Tincture myrrh % oz. 
 
 Tincture capsicum % oz. 
 
 Oil sassafras % oz. 
 
 Chloroform , % oz. 
 
 An excellent liniment. 
 
 HARLEM OIL, 
 
 Flowers of sulphur 2 ounces. 
 
 Linseed oil 1 lb. 
 
 Oil of amber 2 oz. 
 
 Oil of turpentine sufficient quantity. 
 
 Boil the linseed oil and sulphur gently until the sulphur is dissolved; then take 
 ■(rom the fire, and when somewhat cooled, add the oil of amber and enough oil of tur- 
 pentine to make the mixture of the consistency of molasses. 
 
 Used for kidney, urinary and bladder troubles and for backache, rheumatism, etc. 
 The dose is from five to fifteen drops on sugar, three times a day. 
 
 HOSTETTER'S BITTERS. 
 
 Calamus root 1 lb. 
 
 Sugar 1 lb. 
 
 Orange peel 1 lb. 
 
 Gentian root 1 lb. 
 
 Peruvian bark 1 lb. 
 
 Columbo root 1 lb. 
 
 Rhubarb 4 oz. 
 
 Cinnamon 2 oz. 
 
 Cloves 1 oz. 
 
 Diluted alcohol enough to make 2 gal. 
 
 Grind all the solids together to a coarse powder, macerate in one gallon of the 
 alcohol, pack in percolator and add enough dilute alcohol to make two gallons. The 
 dose is from one to two tablespoonfuls before meals. 
 
 HUNYADI JANOS WATER. 
 
 Sulphate of lime % oz. 
 
 Epsom salts 13 oz. 
 
 Glauber salts 12 oz. 
 
 Sulphate of potassa ■^ dr. 
 
 Water 5 gal. 
 
 Mix the above ingredients together and charge with gas. 
 
 HANSON'S MAGIC CORN CURE. 
 
 Simple_ cerate 1 oz. 
 
 Salicylic acid * 1 dr. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. 
 
 Apply to corn, covering with a piece of muslin. 
 
894 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT. 
 
 White wax 10 parts. 
 
 Yellow wax 10 parts. 
 
 Turpentine 25 parts. 
 
 Lard 50 parts. 
 
 Sweet oil 75 parts. 
 
 Melt all together with gentle heat and stir until cold. An excellent family salve 
 for sores of all kinds. 
 
 HOP BITTERS. 
 
 Tinct. hops % oz. 
 
 Tinct. senega 3 dr. 
 
 Tinct. buchu 3 dr. 
 
 Tinct. cochineal 20 drops. 
 
 Podophyllin (dissolved in spirits of wine) 10 gr. 
 
 Distilled water to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dose — One teaspoonful three times a day before meals. 
 
 JAYNE'S EXPECTORANT. 
 
 Syrup squills 3 oz. 
 
 Tinct. tolu 1% oz. 
 
 Tinct. digitalis 1 dr. 
 
 Tinct. camphor 1 dr. 
 
 Tinct. opium 2 dr. 
 
 Wine ipecac , . . 2 dr. 
 
 Antimon. and pot. tart 2 gr. 
 
 Used for coughs, colds, bronchitis and inflammation of the air passages. Dqse 
 for adults — one teaspoonful every three hours. 
 
 KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE. 
 
 Alcohol 2 fl. oz. 
 
 Turpentine 1 fl. oz. 
 
 Camphor 240 gr. 
 
 Petroleum oil (heavy) V2 H. dr. 
 
 Iodine 25 gr. 
 
 Oil of rosemary 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Dissolve the camphor and the iodine in the mixed oils without filtering. 
 
 KOHLER'S ONE NIGHT CORN CURE. 
 
 This is said to consist of suet containing 25 per cent, of salicylic acid. 
 
 KEELEY CURE. 
 
 (See " Gold Cure.") 
 
 KING'S NEW DISCOVERY. 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia 14 oz. 
 
 Sugar 14 oz. 
 
 Tinct. white pine 2 oz. 
 
 Fl. ex. ipecac % dr. 
 
 Water 7 oz. 
 
 Sulph. morphia 8 gr. 
 
 Chloroform _. 60 drops. 
 
 Rub the magnesia in a mortar with one ounce of sugar, and triturate with the 
 fluid extract of ipecac and the tinct. of white pine; gradually add the water and trit- 
 urate with the mixture in the water. Filter and dissolve the sulfih. morphia in the 
 filtrate; mix the chloroform with the rest of the sugar in a bottle and add the liquid 
 above. Keep tightly corked. 
 
 Used for coughs, colds, bronchitis and inflammation of the air passages. Dose 
 for adults — one teaspoonful every four hours. 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. 396 
 
 KENNEDY'S MEDICAL DISCOVERY. 
 
 Take— 
 
 Sneezewort % oz. 
 
 Bitter-root 2 dr. 
 
 Mix and add — 
 
 Boiling water 4 fl. oz. 
 
 Proof spirits ■. 5 fl. oz. 
 
 Licorice root 3 dr. 
 
 Macerate for 48 hours and add — 
 
 White sugar 2 oz. 
 
 Tinct. gaultheria ■. _ ^ oz. 
 
 A general family medicine. The dose is a teaspoonful four times a day. 
 
 KICKAPOO INDIAN OIL. 
 
 Camphor ^l oz. (troy) 
 
 Oil turpentine 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Oil wintergreen % fl. dr. 
 
 Oil peppermint % fl. dr. 
 
 Tinct. capsicum V2 fl. oz. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 pt 
 
 An excellent liniment for rheumatism, pains in the back or chest, etc. 
 
 LINIMENT FOR MAN AND BEAST. 
 
 Powdered aloes 1 oz. 
 
 Powdered myrrh 1 oz. 
 
 Balsam fir 1 oz. (troy) 
 
 Alcohol 8 fl. oz. 
 
 The dose is from ten to twenty drops on sugar, three times a day. 
 
 LYON'S KATHAIRON. 
 
 Tinct. cantharides 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Castor oil 1 fl. oz. 
 
 Stronger water of ammonia 1 drop. 
 
 Oil of bergamot 20 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 3 fl. 02. 
 
 Brush vigorously into the scalp. 
 
 LAXATIVE BROMO-QUININE TABLETS. 
 
 Podophyllin 1/9 gr. 
 
 Aloin 1/9 gr. 
 
 Sodium bicarbonate 1 gr. 
 
 Quinine sulphate 1 gr. 
 
 Acetanilide 3 gr. 
 
 Used for chills, colds, coughs, grippe, etc. The dose is two tablets every two 
 hours until the bowels move freely and then one three times a day. 
 
 LYDIA PINKHAM'S VEGETABLE COMPOUND. 
 
 Partridge-berry vine 1 lb. 
 
 Cramp bark , 1 lb. 
 
 Poplar bark ." % lb. 
 
 Cassia % lb. 
 
 Unicorn root % lb. 
 
 Beth root 6 oz. 
 
 Sugar 6 lb. 
 
 Alcohol V2 gal. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Reduce the first six ingredients to No., 40 powder, cover with boiling water, let 
 stand until cold, and percolate with water until 2% gallons of liquid are obtained. 
 To this liquor add the sugar, bring to a boil, remove from the fire, strain and when 
 cold add the alcohol. 
 
 Used for female troubles. The dose is a teaspoonful three or four times a day. 
 
398 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 MADAM RUPPERT'S FACE BLEACH. 
 
 Corrosive sublimate 1 gr. 
 
 Tincture of benzoin 7 gr. 
 
 Water 500 grs. 
 
 Mix and apply to the face at night for two nights and then once a week, 
 
 MICAJAH'S MEDICATED UTERINE WAFERS. 
 
 Mercury bichloride -h gr; 
 
 Bismuth subnitrate 15 gr. 
 
 Zinc sulphate 5 gr. 
 
 Acacia 5 gr. 
 
 Carbolic acid 3 gr. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Use enough water to make into a mass. Used for leucorrhea, (whites), gonor- 
 rhea and similiar discharges. 
 
 MAGNETIC LINIMENT. 
 
 Oil of origanum 1 oz. 
 
 Tinct. cantharides 2 dr. 
 
 Muriate ammonia 2 dr. 
 
 Sulphuric ether 1 oz. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pt. 
 
 This is a rubefacient liniment acting as a counter irritant in inflammations. 
 
 MALVINA CREAM. 
 
 Spermaceti 30 gr. 
 
 White wax 50 gr. 
 
 Saxoline (petrolatum) 265 gr. 
 
 Bismuth oxychloride 40 gr. 
 
 Mercuric chloride % gr. 
 
 Spirit of rose (4 drams of oil to 1 pint) 20 minims. 
 
 Oil of bitter almonds 1 minim. 
 
 Melt the white wax, saxoline, and spermaceti together and while cooling incor 
 porate the bismuth oxjrchloride and the mercuric chloride, the latter having been pre- 
 viously dissolved in a little alcohol and, when nearly cold, stir in the perfumes. 
 A good cosmetic for freckles, sunburn, tan, etc. 
 
 MALVINA LOTION. 
 
 Rose water 1 pint. 
 
 Oil of almonds 8 dr. 
 
 Gum arable, good quality (dissolved in a little of the rose water) 4 dr. 
 
 Corrosive sublimate 2 gr. 
 
 Oxide of zinc 3 dr. 
 
 Use the lotion in connection with the Malvina Cream. For freckles, pimples, 
 liver mole, moth patches, salt rheum and ringworm. 
 
 MEXICAN MUSTANG LINIMENT. 
 
 Oil of thyme % dr. 
 
 Oil of turpentine % dr. 
 
 Oil of amber, crude % dr. 
 
 Kerosene oil .- 3 dr. 
 
 Black oil 1 dr. 
 
 Water 3 oz. 2 dr. 
 
 Soap _ 35 gr. 
 
 Caustic potash _ 3 gr. 
 
 " The soap should be placed, together with the alkali, in a flask, and then dissolved 
 »n two ounces of hot water; add_ the mixed oils in very small quantities at a time, with 
 vigorous shaking. When the mixture h^s once assumed a creamy consistency, the oils 
 may be added more rapidly; but in any case, reasonable care should be observed, and 
 this is true in adding more water, which should be quite warm, until the full pint is made. 
 If the oils do not emulsify readily, it is necessary to begin over again, as either too 
 much oil was added at first, or the water was not warm enough. Strict attention must 
 t>e paid to both of these considerations in order to insure success. 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. ■ 297 
 
 NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT. 
 
 Oil of rosemary 2 oz. 
 
 Oil of origanum 2 oz. 
 
 Oil of amber 2 oz. 
 
 Oil of hemlock 2 oz. 
 
 Turpentine 2 pts. 
 
 Linseed oil 3 pts. 
 
 For external use only. 
 
 Should be thoroughly mixed. Rub in well for rheumatism, gout, chilblains, sciat- 
 ica, lumbago, etc. 
 
 OIL OF. JOY. 
 
 Alcohol 4 pts. 
 
 Gum camphor % oz. 
 
 Ojl of cedar 1 oz. 
 
 Ojl of sassafras 1 oz. 
 
 Tinct. guaiac 1 oz. 
 
 Tinct. capsicum 2 oz. 
 
 Water of ammonia 4 oz. 
 
 Chloroform _ _. . 3 oz. 
 
 Mix well, shake before using and appl^ to parts affected with vigorous rubbing. 
 Used for sprains, strains, rheumatism and pams in the back and chest. 
 
 OIL OF GLADNESS. 
 
 Oil of peppermint 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Oil of horsemint *. 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Oil of marjoram 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Ether 2 fl. dr. 
 
 Tinct. capsicum 4 fl. dr. 
 
 Tinct of red sanders 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Tinct. of opium 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 8 fl. oz. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. Shake before using, and apply to the affected parts, rubbing 
 vigorously. Used for rheumatism, pains in chest and back, sprains, strains, etc. 
 
 ORANGE BLOSSOM. 
 
 The constituents of this vaginal suppository are: 
 
 Alum 15 gr. 
 
 Zinc sulphate 1 dr. 
 
 Cocoa butter , 3 dr. 
 
 White wax % dr. 
 
 Oil sweet almonds 1% dr. 
 
 Ext. henbane 1 gr. \ 
 
 Grind the ingredients well together in a mortar until a pasty mass is formed and 
 then make into a vaginal suppository. Used for gonorrhea and leucorrhea. 
 
 PETTIT'S EYE SALVE, 
 
 Olive oil 4 dr. 
 
 White wax % dr. 
 
 Spermaceti 1% dr. 
 
 Melt together and add gradually, under trituration in a warm mortar, to the 
 following in fine powder, and mix thoroughly: 
 
 Oxide zinc 30 gr. 
 
 White precipitate 20 gr. 
 
 Morphine sulph % gr. 
 
 , Acid benzoic 2 gr. 
 
 ^_Oil rosemary '. % gr. 
 
 Finally stir until cool, and keep in a well covered vessel. 
 
 Used for granulated eyelids, inflammation of the lids, etc. Apply to the eyelids 
 bciore retiring. 
 
298 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 PERUNA. 
 
 Cubebs 1 dr- 
 
 Copaiba 3 dr. 
 
 Calisajra bark, ground 1 oz. 
 
 Turkey corn, ground 1 oz. 
 
 Stone root, ground i °^' 
 
 Deodorized alcohol % pt. 
 
 Water 1 P'nt. 
 
 Add all the in^edients to the alcohol and let stand for a week, shaking the 
 bottle frequently, and finally filter through paper or strain through several thfck- 
 nesses of muslin. Sweeten and flavor to taste. 
 
 PINK PILLS FOR PALE PEOPLE. 
 
 Pure sulphate of iron % oz. 
 
 Sugar • • • 3* gr. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder 8 gr. 
 
 Carbonate of potash 70 gr. 
 
 Glycerine ■• 5 drops. 
 
 Water sufficient to make a mass. 
 
 Mix well and make into 75 pills and coat with colored sugar. 
 Used for anemia, lassitude, lack of interest in life, sallowness or paleness, etc. 
 The dose for adults is one or two pills three times a djjy. ^ 
 
 PERRY DAVIS'S PAIN KILLER. 
 
 Capsicum . . ^ 10 oz. 
 
 Gum myrrh . . .^ 2% lb. 
 
 Gum benzoin -6 oz. 
 
 Gum opium 8 oz. 
 
 Gum camphor < 10 oz. 
 
 Gum 'guaiac 3 oz. 
 
 Alcohol 5 gal. 
 
 This is an excellent remedy for diarrhea, colic, wind in the bowels, pains in the 
 stomach, etc. The dose for adults is from fifteen to thirty drops. 
 
 PAGE'S LIQUID GLUE. 
 
 Acetic acid 10 parts. 
 
 ' Best carpenter's glue 120 parts. 
 
 Water , . . . . 130 parts. 
 
 Alum 1 part. 
 
 Digest in water until dissolved and when cold add 
 
 Alcohol 30 part^. 
 
 PIERCE'S FAVORITE PRESCRIPTION. 
 
 Cinchona 150 gr. 
 
 Savin , 150 gr. 
 
 Agaric 75 gr. 
 
 Cinnamon 75 gr. 
 
 Water, enough to make a decoction of 8 fl. oz. 
 
 Add— 
 
 Acacia 150 gr. 
 
 Sugar 75 gr. 
 
 Tinct. digitalis % fl. dr. 
 
 Opium % {[. dr. 
 
 Oil anise 8 drops. 
 
 Dissolve the gum and sugar in the strained decoction and add two fluid ounces 
 of alcohol in which the oil has previously been dissolved. 
 
 Used for chronic weakness and other complaints of females. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful three times a day. 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. 299 
 
 PISO'S CURE FOR CONSUMPTION. 
 
 Tine, tolu % oz. 
 
 Fl. ext. cannabis indica 2 dr. 
 
 Fl. ext. lobelia 2 dr. 
 
 Chloroform 1 dr. 
 
 Tartar emetic 4 gr. 
 
 Sulph. morphia 4 gr. 
 
 Ess. mentha viridis 10 drops. 
 
 Water 8 oz. 
 
 Sugar 14 oz. _ 
 
 Mix the fluid extracts, chloroform, tinct. of tolu and essence of spearmint, and 
 shake in a bottle with the sugar. Dissolve the morphine and tartar emetic in hot water, 
 then add the water to the sugar in a bottle. 
 Dose. — A teaspoonful. 
 
 Used for coughs/ colds, grippe, asthma, bronchitis and irritation of the air 
 passajges. 
 
 PAINE'S CELERY COMPOUND. 
 
 Celery seed 2 oz. 
 
 Red cinchona 1 oz. 
 
 Lemon p'eel Vi oz. 
 
 Orange peel Vi oz. 
 
 Coriander seed Vi oz. 
 
 Hydrochloric acid 15 minims. 
 
 Glycerine 3 fl. oz. 
 
 Alcohol 5 fl. oz. 
 
 Water 4 fl. oz. 
 
 Syrup 4 fl. oz. 
 
 Grind the solids to No. 40 powder, mix the water and acid, add the alcohol, and 
 glycerine, and in the menstruum so prepared macerate the powder for_ twenty-four 
 hours; then percolate, adding enough water and alcohol in the proportion given to 
 make 12 fluid ounces. Finally add the syrup and, if necessary, filter. 
 
 An excellent tonic and stomachic useful in indigestion. The dose for adults is a 
 teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
 RADWAY'S READY RELIEF. 
 
 Soap liniment • 3 oz. 
 
 Water of ammonia 1 oz. 
 
 Tinct capsicum 1 oz. 
 
 Alcohol 1 oz. 
 
 This should be thoroughly mixed and rubbed well into the affected parts. It is a 
 counter irritant. 
 
 RADWAY'S PILLS. 
 
 Aloes 4 parts. 
 
 Ginger 2 parts. 
 
 Jalap 2 parts. 
 
 Myrrh 2 parts. 
 
 Make into a mass with mucilage and divide into 3-grain pills. 
 Used for biliousness, constipation and disordered stomach. The dose for adults 
 is from one to three pills at bed time. 
 
 ROYAL CATARRH CURE. 
 
 Common salt 98 parts. 
 
 Carbolic acid 1.35 parts. 
 
 Muriate of berberine 65 parts 
 
 Total parts by weight ., 100 parts. 
 
 Mix together. A teaspoonful is to be dissolved in a glass of water three or f^ur 
 times a day and used by douching or snuffing up the nose. 
 
300 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 SEIDLITZ POWDERS. 
 
 Bicarbonate of soda 2 scruples. 
 
 Rochelle salts 2 draihs. 
 
 Tartaric acid 35 grains. 
 
 Mix the soda and salts together and put in a blue paper and put the tartaric acid 
 in a white paper. Put the contents of the blue paper into half a glass of water and 
 then add the contents of the white paper and drink at once while it is e£Eervescing'. If 
 desired, a little loaf sugar may be added. 
 
 This is a cooling laxative and useful in fevers. 
 
 SEVEN BARKS. 
 
 Extract of poke root : 12 lb. 
 
 Extract of hydrangea t 1 lb. 
 
 Extract of Culver's root 12 lb. 
 
 Extract of lady's slipper 12 lb. 
 
 Extract of dandelion 12 lb. 
 
 Extract of colocynth 12 lb. 
 
 Extract of blue flag 6 lb. 
 
 Extract of bloodroot 6 lb. 
 
 Extract of stoneroot '. 6% lb. 
 
 Extract of golden seal *. . . 7% lb. 
 
 Extract of mandrake 24 lb. 
 
 Extract of black cohosh 24 lb. 
 
 Extract of butternut ; 48 lb. 
 
 Spirits of sea salt 14% lb. 
 
 Aloes 10 lb. 
 
 Infusion of capsicum 4% lb. 
 
 Borate of sodium 15 lb. 
 
 Powdered sassafras 11 lb. 
 
 Ginger 6 lb. 
 
 Sugar-house syrup 40 gal. 
 
 Water, enough to make 98 gal. 
 
 This is a good liver and stomach tonic. The dose is a dessert spoonful before 
 meUs. 
 
 SHILOH'S CONSUMPTION CURE. 
 
 Muriatic acid 3 minims. 
 
 Muriate of morphine 3 gr. 
 
 Fl. ext. of ginger 3 fl. dr. 
 
 Fl. ext. wild cherry '. 3 fl. dr. 
 
 Fl. ext. henbane 2 fl. dr. 
 
 Diluted alcohol 3 fl. dr. 
 
 Chloroform 1 fl. dr. 
 
 Essence peppermint , 30 minims. 
 
 Syrup of tar 3 fl. oz. 
 
 Simple syrup, sufiicient to make 8 fl. oz. 
 
 Used for colds, coughs, bronchitis, asthma and irritation of the throat. The 
 dose for adults is a teaspoonful. 
 
 " SUN " CHOLERA CURE. 
 
 Tinct. of opium 1 oz. 
 
 Tinct. of capsicum 1 oz. 
 
 Powdered rhubarb ._ 1 or. 
 
 Essence of peppermint 1 oz. 
 
 Spirits of camphor 1 oz. 
 
 The dose is from 15 to 30 drops in a wine-glassful of water. 
 Used for colic, diarrhea and pain in the stomach and bowels. 
 
 SKINNER'S DANDRUFF MIXTURE. 
 
 Chloral hydrate 1 oz. 
 
 Glycerine 4 oz. 
 
 Bay rum •.••••. ' 16 oz. 
 
 Apply to the scalp once a day, rubbing in thoroughly. 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. 301 
 
 SAGE'S CATARRH REMEDY. 
 
 Powdered hydrastis canadensis 1 oz. 
 
 Powdered borax 10 gr. 
 
 Salt 10 gr. 
 
 Ferro-cyanuret of iron enough to color. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. A teaspoonful is to be stirred into a glass of water and used 
 three or four times a day by douching or snuiEng up the nose. 
 
 SEVEN SUTHERLAND SISTERS' HAIR GROWER. 
 
 Dist. ext of witch-hazel 9 fl. oz. 
 
 Stearns's bay rum 7 fl. oz. 
 
 Common salt 1 dr. 
 
 Hydrochloric acid (5 per cent.) 1 drop. 
 
 Magnesia sufficient. 
 
 Mix the distilled extract of witch-hazel and bay rum, and shake with_ a little 
 magnesia; filter and in the filtrate dissolve the salt and add the hydrochloric acid. The 
 agitation with magnesia causes the preparation to assume a yellow color but by rend- 
 ering it very slightly acid, with the drop of hydrochloric acid of the strength given, this 
 color disappears. 
 
 Rub well into the roots of the hair and brush vigorously. 
 
 ST. JACOB'S OIL. 
 
 Chloral hydrate 1 oz. 
 
 Gum camphor 1 oz. 
 
 Sulph. ether 1 oz. 
 
 Chloroform 1 oz. 
 
 Tinct. opium % oz. 
 
 Oil sassafras % oz. 
 
 Oil origanum % oz. 
 
 Alcohol % gal. 
 
 An excellent liniment for strains and pains. Rub well into the affected parts and 
 cover with a piece of linen. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S LINIMENT. 
 
 Sweet oil 3 oz. 
 
 Turpentine 7 oz. 
 
 Tinct. arnica 4 oz. 
 
 Oil hemlock 1 oz. 
 
 Oil origanum 1 oz. 
 
 Oil juniper r 1 oz. 
 
 Oil amber 2 oz. 
 
 Laudanum 2 oz. 
 
 Spirits ammonia Vs oz. 
 
 Camphor % oz. 
 
 Mix and shake well before using. Used for rheumatic pains, neuralgia, lumbago 
 and sciatica. 
 
 SYRUP OF FIGS. 
 
 Coriander seed 6 oz. 
 
 Senna leaves 14 oz. 
 
 Figs 24 oz. 
 
 Cassia pulp 18 oz. 
 
 Tamarind 18 oz. 
 
 Prunes 12 oz. 
 
 Ext. licorice 1% oz. 
 
 Ess. peppermint 1% oz. 
 
 Simple Syrup 1 gal. 
 
 Make a water extract of the drugs so as to measure about four pints, and in this 
 dissolve eight pounds of sugar to make the syrup. 
 
 Used for constipation, sour stomach, bilious headache, etc. The dose for adults 
 is from one to two teaspoonf»ls every three hours until the bowels move. 
 
302 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 SMITH BROS. COUGH DROPS. 
 
 Average weight of each drop about 36.5 gr. 
 
 Sugar (and small quantity of glucose) 35.5 gr. 
 
 Powdered charcoal .* , ^0 gr. 
 
 A small quantity 'of licorice is added and they are flavored with otI of sassafras 
 and a little oil of anise. 
 
 SWIFT'S SYPHILITIC SPECIFIC. 
 
 Old man's gray-beard root (chionanthus virginica) 1 bushel. 
 
 Prickly-ash root 16 oz. 
 
 Red_ sumac root 8 oz. 
 
 White sumac root 8 oz. 
 
 Sarsaparilla root 10 oz. 
 
 Sulphate of copper ^ 8 dr. 
 
 " Bruise the gray-beard and sumac roots, and put them with the sarsaparilla int» 
 an iron pot sufficient to hold eight gallons of water, or cover the roots completely 
 with the water. Cover the pot with pine tops, and boil slowly until the liquid assumes 
 the color of ink. Strain while warm, add the sulphate of copper and good Holland gin 
 sufficient to prevent fermentation. 
 
 Dose. — One wine-glassful four times a day. Strictly abstain from horseback 
 riding, butter or very greasy food, all kinds of spirits or fermented liquors. Of course 
 the chancre must be treated in the usual manner. 
 
 THOMPSON'S EYE-WATER. 
 
 Copper sulphate 5 gr. 
 
 Zinc sulphate 20 gr. 
 
 Tinct. camphor 1 dr. 
 
 Tinct saffron 3 dr. 
 
 Rose water 8 oz. 
 
 Dist water 8 oz. 
 
 Mix and filter. 
 
 Used for irritated or inflamed conditions of the eyes and lids. Drop a few 
 drops into the eye. 
 
 TRASK'S MAGNETIC. OINTMENT. 
 
 Lard 8 oz. 
 
 Raisins 2 oz. 
 
 Fine cut tobacco 2 oz. 
 
 Simmer together, strain and press out all from the drugs. Used for skin diseases 
 such as tetter and salt rheum. 
 
 VAN BUSKIRK'S FRAGRANT SOZODONT. 
 
 Alcohol 1 fl. oz. 
 
 Water 1% fl. oz. 
 
 Soap 120 gr. 
 
 Oil of wintergrreen 2 minims. 
 
 Red Sanders sufficient. 
 
 "Dissolve the soap in the mixture of alcohol and water; add the color; perfume 
 with oil of wintergreen; add enough water to make the fluid measure three ounces. 
 The following is suggested as a similar article to the Fragrant Sozodont Powder, which 
 accompanies the liquid:" 
 
 Precipitated chalk 200 gr. 
 
 Orris root 125 gr. 
 
 Infusorial earth 40 gr. 
 
 Perfume lightly with oil of cloves. 
 
 WHERRELL TREATMENT. 
 (See " Gold Cure.") 
 
PATENT MEDICINES. SOS 
 
 WARNER'S SAFE CURE. 
 
 Ext. of hepatica (the herb) 232 gr. 
 
 Ext of lycopus virg. (the herb) 308 gr. 
 
 Ext. of gaultheria 7% gr. 
 
 Potassium nitrate 39 g^r. 
 
 Alcohol (90 deg.) , 2% oz. 
 
 Glycerine 10 dr. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint . 
 This is a stimulant to the urinary organs and is used for kidney and bladder 
 troubles. The dose is a dessert spoonful three times a day. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Gathering and Drying Herbs. — Roots ought to be dug in the fall after the 
 roots and leaves are dead or have come to maturity; or, they should be dug 
 before they start in the spring. They ought to be washed immediately after 
 they are dug, or not washed at all. Some roots are injured by being put into 
 water, especially those of an aromatic nature. All roots, when cleaned, ought 
 to be put in a place where they will dry soon. They should not be placed in 
 the sun but in a dry apartment where they will be placed under the influetice 
 of fire heat, as on an upper floor while fire is kept below. As soon as they 
 are perfectly dry they ought to be packed away and kept from the air as much 
 as possible. 
 
 HOW HERBS ARE MADE INTO MEDICINES. 
 
 Teas or Infusions. — These are made by pouring boiling water on the plant 
 or bark and allowing it to steep for a short time until the water cools, after 
 which the liquid is strained. Sometimes cold water is used. Infusions are 
 made by steeping like tea. The infusion is generally better than the decoction 
 as boiling destroys the virtue of some herbs. Usually, from 1 to 4 ounces of 
 the herb should be used to a pint of boiling water. 
 
 Decoctions. — A decoction is a solution made by boiling the herb in water 
 and straining while hot. Decoctions are made by boiling like coffee. 
 
 Cerates. — Cerates are ointments containing 30 parts of beeswax to 70 parts 
 of lanolin or some other substance to make them harder for use. They are 
 used for piles, etc. Cerates are used where you do not desire a quick dis- 
 solving of the lanolin or other base. 
 
 Ointments. — Ointments are made without beeswax and are softer than 
 cerates and are good for local application. The base is vaseline or cosmoline, 
 They are made with some kind of fatty substance like vaseline or lanolin 
 (sheep's oil). The medicine is rubbed into the base. Ointments dissolve 
 readily. 
 
 Extracts. — Extracts are made by taking the soluble parts from 1he plant. 
 This is done by allowing them to stand in water or alcohol. Extracts consist 
 of the soluble parts of plants reduced to a semi-solid condition by evaporation. 
 
 Fluid Extracts. — These are made in the same way as solid extracts 
 except that they are not so completely evaporated. 
 
 Syrups. — These are solutions of sugar in water or sometimes in gummy 
 substances. To make a syrup of plants, add simple syrup to the infusion when 
 hot and somewhat evaporated and then bottle while hot. In other words, first 
 make a tea of the plant and then add sugar. 
 
 Powders. — Barks or dried herbs are finely broken up or ipulverized to 
 make powders. 
 
 Tinctures. — Tinctures are solutions of the medical properties of herbs in 
 alcohol or in mixtures of alcohol and water. Take the fresh or dried herb, 
 chop and pound, and to I ounce of the herb add 2 ounces of water and 3 ounces 
 
 304 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 305 
 
 of alcohol. Allow the mixture to stand in a bottle from 8 to 14 days in a cool 
 place. Then turn off the liquid carefully and bottle for use. 
 
 Fomentations. — These are plants applied locally in infusion or decoction. 
 Put the herbs into a bag and steep and then wring the bag out of theMiquid 
 and apply hot. This will hold heat longer than cloths. Fomentations are 
 bags oi herbs wrung out of hot herb teas and applied to the affected parts. 
 
 Liniments. — ^These are made with oily substances often mixed with power- 
 ful drugs. 
 
 Suppositories. — These are small masses made into a cone shape. The 
 medicine is usually mixed with cocoa butter and they are designed for use 
 in the rectum or vagina. 
 
 HERB REMEDIES. 
 
 Including Many Valuable Indian Remedies. 
 
 ASPARAGUS. 
 (Asparagus Officinalis.) 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Heart Sedative. 
 
 Uses. — Stone or Gravel in Kidneys or Bladder, Dropsy. 
 
 This. is a common garden vegetable and may be used either as a tea or 
 in decoction by using 3 ounces of the plant to a pint of water. In decoction 
 it is used freely as a diuretic. Another way to prepare the plant is to crush 
 and strain 5 pounds of the fresh tops in water, boil the juice down to a pint 
 and add a pint of rectified spirits. Take from % to 1 teaspoonful 5 times a 
 day. Asparagus tea is good for dropsy and is particularly good for stone or 
 gravel in the kidneys or bladder. In making the tea keep the roots in hot 
 water, not boiling, for several hours and then strain. This must be tak^ n for 
 some time to get the desired results. 
 
 ARNICA. 
 Leopard's Bane — (Arnica Montana). 
 
 Action. — Internally it is an Emetic and Cathartic. 
 
 Uses. — Bruises, Strains, Aches, Muscular Rheumatism. 
 
 This is a horizontal, woody, blackish root, terminating abruptly at the 
 lower end. The stem rises about a foot high and terminates in 1, 3 or 3 upright 
 peduncles, each bearing one very large flower of a deep yellow color and some- 
 what mixed with brown. The flowers are disk shaped with rays ; are of feeble 
 aromatic odor ; and are of a bitter, unpleasant taste. The flowers and roots are 
 the parts used. Grows in Europe and Siberia and in the West and North 
 Western United States. Can be bought in drug stores. It is used exter- 
 nally and is splendid for bruises, strains, aching of the muscles and muscular 
 rheumatism. 
 
 It is used in infusion, tincture and fluid extract. Wring cloths out of 
 hot arnica tea and apply for bruises and strains. You can add wormwood 
 and smartweed if you wish. You can also use the tincture of arnica for 
 rheumatism, tired muscles, sprains and bruises. Use 1 dram to a pint of 
 water. The following are good prescriptions in which arnica is used. For ' 
 boils and abscesses use 1 ounce each of either fluid extract or tincture of arnica, 
 
 20 
 
306 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 soap liniment and laudanum. For rheumatism, sprains and painful joints 
 apply locally while hot equal parts of fluid extract of arnica and witch hazel. 
 To make the tea or infusion of arnica use a handful of the flowers or 
 roots to a pint of boiling water. The dose of the tincture is from 5 to 10 
 drops and is usually given 4 times a day. Five drops may be used every 3 
 or 3 hours. 
 
 ARSE SMART. 
 
 Action. — Antiseptic, Astringent. . 
 
 Uses. — Inflammations, Cold Swellings, Bruises, Gravel, Obstructed Urine, 
 Coughs and Colds, Worms. 
 
 This valuable remedy grows everywhere in our country though few know 
 its value. It is a powerful antiseptic, allays inflammation and disperses cold 
 swellings, particularly such as affect the knee joints. It dissolves congealed 
 blood caused by bruises and blows. For this purpose it should be applied in 
 strong decoction and poultices. It is also good for gravel and obstruction of 
 the urine and for curing coughs and colds. It is also good for worms. The 
 decoction is made by using 2 ounces of the plant to a pint of boiling water. 
 The dose is from 1 to 3 ounces. Make the decoction strong for local appli- 
 cation. The whole plant is used. 
 
 AVENS. 
 Aven's Root — Chocolate Root — Throat Root — (Geum Virginianum). , 
 
 Action. — ^Tonic, Stomachic, ^stringent. 
 
 Uses. — Bleeding, Chronic Diarrhea, Wind Colic, Stomach Affections, 
 Asthma, Leucorrhea, Flooding, Sore Throat. 
 
 Grows about 2 feet high and has a perennial, small, brown, contorted, 
 horizontal root. The stem is erect, simple or branched, and has but few 
 flowers. The flowers are guite small, white, and grow on the ends of the 
 stems. The fruit is a cluster of dry berries which are oval, brown and smooth. 
 This plant is found in hedges and thickets in moist places in most parts 
 of the United States. It flowers from June to August. It has long been 
 used in domestic practice. The root is the part usually used. Tonic, as- 
 tringent, stomachic. Used for passive and chronic bleeding, chronic diarrhea, 
 wind colic, stomach affections, asthmatic symptoms and weakness, leucorrhea, 
 flooding and sore throat. Must be used for some time and then it is a good 
 builder and tonic. Make the decoction by using an ounce of the root to a 
 pint of water and take 1 or 3 ounces or more 4 times a day. The dose of the 
 powder is from 30 to 30 grains. 
 
 ALMOND. 
 (Amygdala.) 
 
 Action. — Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Coughs, Hoarseness, Scalding of Urine, Kidney Troubles, To 
 Whiten and Soften the Skin. 
 
 The oil of sweet almonds acts beneficially on the urinary organs and is 
 good for scalding urine. Also good for hoarseness and tickling coughs and 
 is frequently. combined with other ingredients and used to soften and whiten 
 the skin. From 1 to 8 drams is the dose of the oil of sweet almonds. The 
 oil of bitter almonds is poisonous. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 307 
 
 ARBOR VIT^ffi. 
 
 Uses. — Coughs, Rheumatism, Fevers, Ague, Scurvy. 
 
 This evergreen tree grows from 30 to 50 feet high and the branchlets are 
 flat and spreading. Much used for hedges. Grows along banks of rivers and 
 in low swampy places. An ointment made of the branchlets and cones is ex- 
 cellent for rheumatism. Make a poultice by powdering the cones and mixing 
 with milk and it will cure the worst rheumatic pains. A decoction made of 
 the branchlets or roots is good for coughs, ague, fevers and scurvy. 
 
 BALM OF GILEAD. 
 
 Balsam Poplar — (Populus Balsamifera). 
 
 Uses. — Cuts, Wounds, Coughs, Debility. 
 
 The buds of this tree contain medical properties and should be gathered 
 
 in the fall. The buds are filled with a rich gum which is good for coughs and 
 
 debility. Add 1 pint of fourth proof spirits to an ounce of the bruised buds. 
 
 The dose of this is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful in sweetened water 
 
 3 or 4 times a day. This tincture is also fine when applied to cuts and wounds. 
 
 BETH ROOT. 
 
 Indian Balm — Birth Root — Ground Lily — Nodding Wake-Robin — Three 
 
 Leaved Nightshade — Lamb's Quarter — (Trillium Pendulum). 
 
 Action. — Astringent, Tonic, Antiseptic. 
 
 Uses. — Bleeding from Lungs, Bloody Urine, Menorrhagia, Leucorrhea, 
 Asthma, Difficult Breathing, Womb . Troubles, Diarrhea, Tumors, Ulcers, 
 Carbuncles, Buboes, Stings, Gangrene. 
 
 This plant has an oblong, tuberous root from which arises a slender stem 
 from 10 to 15 inches high. It has 3 large leaves at the top of the stem, from 
 between which appears a solitary flower, bell shaped and of a purple or white 
 color. The root is of a brown color outside and white within. Common in 
 the Middle and Western States. Grows in rich soils and in damp, rocky and 
 shady woods. Flowers in May and June. 
 
 In its action it is astringent, tonic and antiseptic. It has been used very 
 successfully in bleeding from the lungs, bloody urine, menorrhagia or uterine 
 hemorrhage, leucorrhea, asthma and difficult breathing. The Indian women 
 used it very much for womb troubles and in confinement to aid labor and for 
 flooding. Its astringent action makes it good for hemorrhages. Boiled in 
 milk, it is good for diarrhea and dysentery when used internally. The root 
 may be made into a poultice and used for tumors, indolent and offensive 
 ulcers, carbuncles, buboes, stings of insects and to restrain gangrene. The 
 dose of the powdered root is 1 dram. A strong tea or infusion is made by add- 
 ing from % to 1 ounce to a pint of water. The dose is from 1 to 3 ounces. 
 The tea is commonly used. This tea is also good for injections into the vagina 
 for leucorrhea and flowing. When used as an injection the infusion may be 
 made stronger by using more medicine to the pint of water. 
 
 BELLWORT. 
 Mohawk Weed — (Uvularia Perfoliata). 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Mucilaginous, Nervine. 
 
 Uses. — Wounds, Sores, Sore Mouth, Snake Bites, Sore Throat, Inflam- 
 mation of Gums, Ulcers, Erysipelas, Inflammation of the Eyes, Sore Ears, 
 Skin Affections. 
 
308 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 This has a creeping rootstock and a stem from 8 to 14 inches high, dividing 
 at thie top into two branches. Leaves are clasping, elliptical, rounded at the 
 base, acute at apex, smooth, light gray underneath, from 3 to 3 inches long 
 and Ys inch wide. Flowers are solitary, pale yellow, about an inch long apd 
 hang from the end of one of the branches. Bellwort is a smooth handsome 
 plant common in the U. S. It grows in moist copses and woods and flowers 
 in May. The root is the part used and when fresh is acrid and mucilaginous. 
 It imparts its properties to water. 
 
 Its action is tonic, soothing and nervine. It was used by the Indians 
 for wounds, sores and snake bites. Is very good for sore mouth, sore throat 
 and inflammation of the gums. For bites of poisonous snakes make a decoc- 
 tion by boiling the root in milk and drink of this freely and to the wound 
 apply a poultice of the root. The poultice is also good for general ulcers and 
 wounds. A poultice of the green root or the dried root in powder and mixed 
 with hot new milk is good in all stages of erysipelas and also for acute in- 
 flammation of the eyes. An ointment may be made by simmering the pow- 
 dered root and green tops in lard for an hour over a slow fire and should be 
 strained by pressing. This is useful for skin affections, sore ears, sore mouth, 
 etc., of children. This ointment is also good for many cases of erysipelas. 
 
 BLUE BELLS. 
 Abscess Root — Greek Valerian — Sweat Root — (Polemonium Reptans). 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic. 
 
 Uses. — Lung Troubles, Consumption, Liver Troubles, Boils, Scrofulous 
 Complaints. 
 
 The roots are fibrous and grow from one head. The flowers, which are 
 small and blue, appear early in the season and are followed by small seeds. 
 Several stems sometimes arise from the same root. Grows a foot or two iu 
 height and is found in damp woods. 
 
 The Indians used it to produce sweating in fevers and pleurisies. It is 
 used for scrofulous complaints, consumption and affections of the lungs and 
 liver. The decoction is made by adding a small handful of the crushed roots 
 to 3 pints of -water and steeping down to half that quantity. The dose is half 
 a teacupful every four hours. A tincture may be made in whiskey. Half a 
 wineglassful taken 3 times a day will clean out the system and purify the 
 blood and is good for one afflicted with boils. 
 
 BLUE CARDINAL FLOWER. 
 Blue Lobelia — (Lobelia Syphilitica). 
 
 Action. — Emetic, Cathartic. 
 
 Uses. — Blood Diseases, Kidney Troubles, Dropsy, Gonorrhea, Syphilis. 
 
 Same species as lobelia inflata. Grows throughout the U. S. in moist 
 places. Bears a long spiked blue flower and yields a milky juice with a rank 
 odor. Roots have white fibres. Used by 'Indians for blood diseases, etc. 
 Also acts on the kidneys and produces more urine. Good for dropsy and 
 gonorrhea. The root is the part used and the dose is from 30 to 60 grains of 
 the powdered root 3 or 4 times a day. It can be combined in infusion with 
 other blood remedies such as prickly ash, stillingia, red clover and sarsaparilla^ 
 and is then used for syphilis. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 309 
 
 BLACK SNAKE ROOT. 
 (Sanicula Marilandica.) 
 
 Action. — 'Nervine, Tonic, Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Rattle Snake Bites, Intermittent Fever, Sore Throat, Hives, Skin 
 Diseases, St. Vitus' Dance, Diarrhea, Leucorrhea, Dysentery, Gonorrhea. 
 
 The stem is from 1 to 3 feet high. Leaves growing at the top of the 
 long naked stem are from 3 to 5, parted in a whorl. Several stems rise from 
 the same root. The flower stem rises considerably higher than the leaf stalks, 
 with 3 or 3 small leaflets near the top. There are not many flowers and they 
 are white and sometimes yellowish. The plant grows along roadsides and 
 thickets and flowers in June. It is common in the U. S. and Canada. 
 
 In its action it is nervine, tonic and astringent. The Indians consider it 
 a sovereign remedy for rattle snake bites. Take 3 bunches of roots and boil 
 them in a pint of water and drink in divided doses at intervals of 20 or 30 
 minutes. At the same time prepare a decoction of the leaves and stems and 
 bathe the bitten parts. The Indians claimed in this way to be able to cure this 
 bite even if it happened two days previously. The plant is also good for in- 
 termittent fever, sore throat, hives and skin diseases. It may be used as a 
 tea or the juice of the root may be swallowed. It is also good for St. Vitus' 
 dance. For children from 8 to 10 years old the dose of the powdered root is 
 % dram 3 times a day. The decoction is good for diarrhea, leucorrhea, dysen- 
 tery and gonorrhea. The decoction is made by using an ounce of the plant to 
 a pint of water and the dose of this is from 2 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 BALSAM FIR. 
 (Terebinthina Canadensis.) 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Diuretic, Anthelmintic, Laxative, Antiseptic. 
 
 Uses. — Typhoid Fever, Capillary Bronchitis, Liniments, etc. 
 
 This tree is found in the U. S. and Canada. From this tree are obtained 
 resin and turpentine, the uses of which are commonly known. The chief 
 supply comes from the Carolinas. Turpentine is sometimes given internally 
 for typhoid fever and capillary bronchitis. It is an effective stimulant and 
 disinfectant. It is given in the form of emulsion and the dose is from 10 
 drops to 2 teaspoonfuls. The too liberal use of turpentine affects the kidneys. 
 
 BASSWOOD. 
 Linden Tree — Lime Tree — Tilia Tree — (Tilia Aniericana) — (Tilia Glabia). 
 
 Uses. — Vertigo, Headache, Spasmodic Cough, Epilepsy. 
 
 This is a very large and beautiful forest tree with broad leaves and 
 yellowish-white flowers. The wood is soft and white and when dry floats on 
 the water like cork. 
 
 Poultices are made from the leaves and bark and a tea is made of the 
 flowers for headache, vertigo, spasmodic coughs, epilepsy and other com- 
 plaints. This tea should be used in doses according to its effects. 
 
 BEECH. 
 Red Beech — '(Fagus Ferruginea). 
 
 Uses. — Incontinence, Diabetes, Ulcers, Skin Diseases, Dyspeptic Troubles 
 
 From the bark of this tree a decoction may be made for use in cases 
 
 of incontinence of urine in children at night and for diabetes. A decoction 
 
310 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 made from the leaves is valuable in the treatment of skin diseases, obstirtate 
 ulcers and dyspeptic troubles which are accompanied with low spirits, weak- 
 ness and headache. 
 
 BROAD LEAVED DOCK. 
 Bitter Dock — Blunt-Leaved Dock — (Rumex Obtusifolius). 
 Action. — Alterative, Tonic. 
 Uses. — Bilious Diseases, Blood Diseases. 
 
 In growth this plant is similar to the narrow-leaved or yellow dock. The 
 leaves are broad and spring from the stem the same as the narrow-leaved 
 kind. The root is brown without and yellow within and is thick and branch- 
 ing. It grows to a height of about two feet and flowers a month later than 
 the yellow dock. It is used for the same complaints as is the yellow dock. 
 
 BLUE VIOLET. 
 (Viola Cucullata.) 
 Action. — Demulcent, Expectorant, Laxative. 
 Uses. — Sore Throat, Constipation, Coughs, Eruptive Diseases. 
 This plant is well known, having blossoms of a blue-violet color and a 
 root about an inch long. Grows on rich moist lands. A decoction made of 
 this plant is valuable in the treatment of eruptive diseases of children and a 
 syrup made of the petals is excellent for sore throat, coughs and constipatjon 
 of children. 
 
 BUGLE WEED. 
 Water Bugle — Gyps3nvort — Water Horehound — (Lycopus Virginicus). 
 
 Uses. — Coughs, Bleeding from Lungs, First Stages of Consumption, Ill- 
 conditioned Sores. 
 
 Grows in creeks, swamps, ditches, etc. The leaves grow two in a place 
 and opposite each other on the stem. It blossoms from July to September 
 and the flowers are white. A tea made from the stems and leaves may be 
 drank freely. It is useful in the first stages of consumption, bleeding from 
 the lungs and coughs. Persons with ill-conditioned sores should drink the 
 tea a!nd bathe the parts with it 
 
 BUTTERNUT. 
 Whfte Walnut — (Juglans Cineria). 
 Action. — Cathartic. 
 Uses. — Constipation. 
 
 This tree is common in the United States. An extract should be made 
 of the inner bark which should be procured in May or June. The dose is 
 from 15 to 30 grains. It is an effective cathartic and acts without causing 
 heat or irritation and is not so likely to leave the bowels costive as many other 
 cathartics. 
 
 BLACK COHOSH. 
 Squaw Root — Black Snake Root — Rattleweed — Richw«ted — (Cimici 
 
 Racemosa)- 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Anti-spasmodic. 
 
 Ujes. — Chorea, Convulsions, Epilepsy, Nervous Excitement, Asthma, 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 311 
 
 Whooping Cough, Delirium Tremens, Spasmodic Afflictions, Female 
 Troubles, Coughs, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Scrofula, Milk Leg. 
 
 This is a tall stately plant with a large blackish, perennial root having nu- 
 merous loflg fibres. It has a simple smooth stem from 4 to 8 feet high and has 
 but few leaves. The flowers are small, white and fetid and followed by shells 
 producing seeds. The fruit is ovoid, dry, and with one cell. The smooth 
 seeds are packed horizontally in two rows. It is a native of the United 
 States and grows from Maine to Florida in shady and rocky woods and on 
 rich grounds and hill sides. Flowers in June- and July. The root is the part 
 generally used and should be gathered early in autumn and dried in the shade. 
 
 This is a very active, powerful and useful remedy. It is good for the 
 nervous system as in chorea, periodical convulsions, epilepsy, nervous ex- 
 citement, asthma, whooping cough, delirium tremens and many spasmodic 
 afflictions. For these troubles the powdered root should be taken in tea- 
 spoonful doses 3 times a day. In consumption, coughs, acute rheumatism, 
 neuralgia, scrofula, milk leg, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, leucorrhea and 
 other womb troubles the strong tincture is better than the powdered form. 
 The Indian women used this plant very much in womb troubles for labor. 
 In these troubles it may be used instead of ergot. Give % dram of the pow- 
 dered root every 15 or 20 minutes in warm water until expulsive action of the 
 womb is produced. Or, % dram of the saturated tincture may be used in 
 the same way. After labor it is good for after-pains and nervous excitement. 
 It is good for menstrual troubles ; either too much or too little flow and 
 painful menstruation. This medicine may be used as a decoction, tincture, 
 fluid extract or in the powdered form. The tincture and fluid extract are 
 the best forms. The dose of the tincture is 20 drops and of the fluid extract, 
 half a dram. For whooping cough in a child a year old you can give 3 
 drops 4 or 5 times a day. This remedy is a grand one for women and is 
 excellent for rheumatism and headaches caused by womb troubles. The de- 
 coction is made by using an ounce of the root to a pint of water and the 
 dose is from i/^ to 1% ounces 3 or 4 times a day but the fluid extract or tinc- 
 ture is better and can be bought at any drug store. The following is good 
 for pains and want of flow in monthly troubles. Take V/z ounces of fluid 
 extract of black cohosh, 1 fluid dram of tincture of nux vomica and enough 
 tincture of cinchona compound to make 5 fluid ounces. For pain in the 
 ovaries, uterine neuralgia and amenorrhea give a teaspoonful or two of this 
 mixture in water every 3 or 4 hours. 
 
 BLUE COHOSH. 
 Papoose Root — Blue Berry — Squaw Root — (Caulophyllum Thalictroides). 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic Emmen'agogue, Anti-spasmodic. 
 
 Uses.— Confinement, Menstrual Troubles, Rheumatism, Dropsy, Hys- 
 teria, Womb Troubles, Aphthous Sore Mouth and Throat. 
 
 This was also a great Indian remedy, especially for women before con- 
 finement and for menstrual troubles. This is a smooth plant, purple when 
 young, with a high round stem 1 to 3 feet high, simple from matted root 
 stocks and dividing above into two parts. The flowers appear in May and 
 June and produce berries of a deep blue color, something like sour grapes. 
 It grows all over the United States in low, moist, rich grounds near run- 
 ning streams, in swamps, and on islands that have been overflowed with 
 
512 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDlCAL BOOK. 
 
 water. The seeds ripen the latter part of the summer and are said to be an 
 excellent substitute for coffee when they have been washed. The root is the 
 part used as a medicine. It is sweet, pungent and aromatic. The tea or 
 tincture made from it is yellow. 
 
 It is used principally for monthly periods and has an anti-spasmodic 
 action. It is also good for rheumatism of the small joints and especially 
 when associated with womb troubles. Also used for dropsy, hysteria and 
 chronic womb diseases.' It excites a special influence on the womb and is 
 good for leucorrhea, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. It is very good when 
 used in decoction or infusion and an ounce of the plant should be used to a 
 pint of boiling water. The dose of this is from 1 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a 
 day and should be taken for several Weeks before confinement. The dose 
 of the tincture is from % to 1 dram. In confinement it is good to hasten 
 delivery when delay is due to debility or lack of uterine energy or is the 
 result of fatigue. Combined with equal parts of golden seal, made into a 
 tea, and sweetened with honey it is very good for aphthous sore mouth and 
 throat. 
 
 BARBERRY. 
 (Berberis Vulgaris.) 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Kidney Troubles, Urinary Troubles, Gravel. 
 
 This is a shrub which rises from 4 to 8 feet in height and has lohg 
 bending branches and many thorns. It has egg-shaped leaves, yellow flowers 
 and many oblong red berries which hang in loose bunches. Found on hills 
 and mountains from Canada to Virginia. It flowers in April and May and 
 ripens its fruit in June. The bark of the stem and root is the part -dsed. 
 
 It is a tonic and diuretic and is especially good for kidney troubles, 
 cloudy urine, diminished urine, pain in passing urine and pain in back and 
 front. It is also good for gravel. The tea made from the bark is one of the 
 best kidney remedies known and the dose is from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls 4 
 times a day. The dose of the fluid extract is from 10 to 30 drops 3 or 4 times 
 a day. The tea is made by using from 1 to 2 ounces of the bark to a pint 
 of boiling water. 
 
 BAYBERRY. 
 Candle Berry — Wax Berry — Wax Myrtle — (Myrica Cerifera). 
 
 Action. — Carminative, Stomachic, Emmenagogue. 
 
 Uses. — Palsy, Colic, Hysterical Complaints, Scrofula, Diarrhea, Urinary 
 Troubles, Jaundice, Kidney Troubles, Sore Throat, Leucorrhea. 
 
 This shrub rises 3 or 4 feet high and" is scraggy with many branches, 
 It grows near large bodies of water and especially along the Great Lakes, 
 It is set full of long, smooth, green leaves. From the sides of the branches 
 grow small, green berries covered with a pale green yellow. It grows in 
 the United States and is abundant in New Jersey. 
 
 The leaves and berries are warm carminatives, stomachic and emmena- 
 gogue. Good for palsies, colic, hysterical complaints, scrofula, diarrhea, 
 urinary troubles and jaundice. It is applied as a poultice for scrofulous swell- 
 ings and tumors. The bark is the part used and is made into a tea or decoc- 
 tion. Slippery elm may be added to it. A tincture is also made of the bark. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 31i 
 
 The tea may be drank in doses of from 1 to 4 ounces for jaundice and kidney 
 and bladder troubles. The powdered bark with blood root is good for slug^- 
 gish ulcers. The tincture in 1 or 3 drop doses every 3 hours is especially 
 good for epidemic jaundice. The dose of the powdered bark is from 15 
 to 20 grains. The decoction is made by using an ounce of the bark to a 
 quart of water and the dose is from ^ to 3 ounces. The infusion is made by 
 using an ounce of the bark to a pint of water and the dose is from 1 to 
 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. The decoction is a good gargle for sore throat 
 and is also good as an injection for leucorrhea and is fine for tender and 
 bleedipg gums. 
 
 BEARBERRY. 
 
 Red Berry — Mountain Box — Wild Cranberry — (Arbutus Uva Ursi) — 
 
 (Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi). 
 
 Action. — Astringent, Tonic, Antilithic. 
 
 Uses. — Kidney, Bladder and Urinary Troubles, Diabetes, Diarrhea, Dys- 
 entery, Excess of Menses, Gonorrhea, Gleet. 
 
 Grows in North America and Europe. This is an evergreen shrub or 
 vine. The leaves are oval, toothed, of a pale-green color and smooth on 
 the under side. The flowers are whitish, terminating the stem in clusters 
 of from six to twelve. The berries are of a scarlet color and contain 5 seeds. 
 Grows on mountains and dry uplands all over the United States. Good for 
 debilitating discharges and particularly for kidney, bladder and urinary pas- 
 sages. Good for diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, excess of menses, chronic 
 kidney and bladder troubles, chronic gonorrhea and gleet. In making the 
 decoction use an ounce of the leaves to 1% pints of water and boil down to 
 a pint. The dose is from i/^ to 3 ounces or half a small glassful 3 or 4 times 
 a day. The dose of the powder is from 5 to 10 grains and of the fluid ex- 
 tract from 1/2 to 1 dram. 
 
 BEECH DROPS. 
 Cancer Root — (Epiphegus Virginianus). 
 
 Action. — Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Ulcers, Wounds, Erysipelas, Canker, Skin Afifections. 
 
 This plant grows out of the roots of beech trees in low grounds and 
 is from 6 to 8 inches high and of a brown, glossy, sickly color with brittle 
 sprigs but no leaves. The root is bulbous and similar to canen. It must 
 be gathered before the frost touches it. 
 
 Beech drops are a powerful astringent. The fresh bruised root frequently 
 applied locally is said to be very good for ulcers and wounds and also for 
 erysipelas and canker in the throat. The remedy may be prepared by boil- 
 ing 8 ounces of the herbs in 2 quarts of water and sweetening. For erysipe- 
 las, open the bowels and take a teacupful of this decoction 4 times a day. At 
 the same time apply cloths wet with the unsweetened decoction to the in- 
 flamed parts and so continue until cured. A poultice made of equal parts 
 of beech drops, poke root and white oak bark is very good for ulcers and 
 skin affections. 
 
 BITTER SWEET. 
 Woody Nightshade— Bitter Sweet Nightshade— (Solanum Dulcamara). 
 
 -^Ctiph,— Narcotic, Diuretic. Diaphoretic. 
 
314 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK, 
 
 Uses. — Liver Complaints, Ulcers, Scrofula, Whites, Obstructed Menses, 
 Jaundice, Cancer of Breast, Syphilis. 
 
 This is an undershrub with a woody base and leaves in bunches at the 
 joints. It has purple flowers and blossoms in June and July and the flowers 
 are followed by scarlet berries. Grows in the United States and is usually 
 found in swampy places on a rise of ground. The small twigs and stems 
 should be gathered in late autumn. 
 
 Its action is to increase all secretions and excretions, particularly sweat, 
 urine and stools, and it excites the heart and pulse. It can be used both 
 externally and internally. Very good in real liver' complaints, hard swellings, 
 ill-looking ulcers, scrofula, whites, jaundice and obstructed menses. Good 
 for cancer of the breast. Apply the juice over the cancer and cover the 
 breast with the leaves. It is used in the same way for ulcers. For internal 
 use boil y% pound of the stems or twigs in 1 gallon of water and give from 
 3 to 4 ounces 3 times a day. Equal parts of bitter sweet twigs, yellow dock 
 root and stillingia, made into a syrup is good for scrofulous affections and 
 syphilis. 
 
 BLACKBERRY— RED RASPBERRY— DEWBERRY. 
 
 Acton. — Tonic, Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Dysentery, Diarrhea, Cholera Infantum, Bleeding from Stomach 
 and Bowels, Gleet, Leucorrhea, Fallen Bowel, Fallen Womb. 
 
 The leaves and bark of the root are the parts used. Boil the bark in 
 milk and it is good for dysentery when taken freely. Or, a very valuable 
 preparation for dysentery is to take 2 pounds of bruised unripe blackberries 
 and simmer them with 1 pound of loaf sugar and y% pint of brandy. This 
 should be strained and bottled. Syrup of blackberry is also very good for 
 dysentery. This is a tonic and strongly astringent. A decoction or tea made 
 of the leaves of raspberry is also very good. A decoction made of the bark 
 of blackberry and dewberry is good for use in diarrhea, dysentery, cholera 
 infantum, relaxed condition of the bowels in children and slow bleeding from 
 the stomach and bowels. Decoction of raspberry is good as an injection 
 for gonorrhea, gleet, leucorrhea and- falling of the bowel and womb. For 
 falling womb it may be used alone or in combination with equal parts of 
 black cohosh and blackberry roots. It should be made into a decoction by 
 using an ounce to a pint of water. The dose is from 1 to 4 ounces several 
 times a day. 
 
 BITTER ROOT. 
 American Ipecac — Indian Physic — Black Indian Hemp — Canadian Hemp- 
 Dog's Bane — (Apocynum Cannabinum). 
 
 Action. — Emetic. 
 
 Uses. — Dropsy. 
 
 There are two kinds. One kind grows in dry woodlands to a height of 
 two feet. The other kind grows in wet or low lands usually 3 or 4 feet higl;i 
 and the roots, like the former kind, run horizontally beneath the surface 
 but are longer and of a different color. The latter kind is more easily ob- 
 tained and is generally used. 
 
 As a tea it can be taken freely and is very good for dropsy. It is called 
 the vegetable trocar. You can use from 5 to 30 drops of the tincture every 
 3 hours or from 1 to 5 drops of the fluid extract every 3 hours. This is 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 315 
 
 excellent for heart and kidney dropsy. In making the tea use an ounce to 
 a pint of water and give from ^ to ^ ounce 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 BLOOD ROOT. 
 Red Root — Red Puccoon — (Sanguinaria Canadensis). 
 
 Action. — Acid, Emetic, Expectorant, Tonic, Antiseptic, Alterative. 
 
 Uses. — Lung and Liver Troubles, Catarrh, Croup, Whooping Cough, 
 Typhoid Pneumonia, Rheumatism, Jaundice, Dyspepsia, Sick Headache. 
 
 Grows in most parts of the United States in woods and on shady banks 
 in rich, light soil. It is one of the earliest and most beautiful spring flowers 
 of this country, appearing in March and April. The root is about the thick- 
 ness of a finger, 3 or 3 inches long, fleshy, reddish-brown without and brighter 
 red within. Each bud gives off a single large, smooth leaf. The flower is 
 white and of short duration. The whole plant is pervaded with an acid, 
 orange-colored juice but the greatest quantity is in the root. It imparts its 
 qualities to boiling water and to alcohol. The root should be kept in a dry 
 place. Age and moisture impair its value. 
 
 It is an acid, emetic, expectorant, tonic and antiseptic and is a very 
 active agent. Small doses stimulate the stomach and hasten the pulse and 
 larger doses produce nausea and slow the pulse while the full dose causes 
 active vomiting. It is used for the lungs an'd liver, catarrh, croup, whooping 
 cough, typhoid pneumonia, rheumatism, jaundice, dyspepsia and sick head- 
 ache. The tea is made by using an ounce of the root to a pint of water ' 
 and the dose is from % to 1 ounce 3 or 4 times a day. If given oftener it 
 should be given in smaller doses. Do not give enough to nauseate. For sev- 
 eral diseases it is given every few hours. The dose of the tincture is from 
 10 to 20 drops and of the fluid extract from 5 to 10 drops. For the diseases 
 mentioned give 2 teaspoonfuls or more of the tea every two hours. For 
 sick headache give the same dose every half hour. The tincture is very good 
 for sick headache when used in the following way. Put 5 drops of good 
 tincture into a glass half full of water and give 2 teaspoonfuls every 10 
 minutes until better. As an emetic for croup the dose of the powder is 
 10 to 20 grains and of the tincture, 20 to 30 drops. As a stimulant or ex- 
 pectorant give 3 to 5 grains and as an alterative for liver troubles give from 
 % to 2 grains 4 times a day. The dose of the tincture for these troubles is 
 from 2 to 3 drops every 3 hours. ^ 
 
 BLUE FLAG. 
 Flag Lily — Snake Lily — Liver Lily — Flower de Luce — (Iris Versicolor) 
 
 (Iris Pseudo-Acorus). 
 Action. — Emetic, Cathartic, Diuretic, Alterative. 
 
 Uses. — Bilious Sick Headache, Dropsy, Scrofula, Syphilis, Chronic Kid- 
 ney and Liver Diseases. 
 
 Is found in moist places and on borders of ponds. It is a very attractive 
 wild flower. The flowers are large and showy, violet-blue, and variegated 
 with greenish-yellow and white, with purple veins. The flowers appear in 
 May and June. 
 
 The fresh powdered root is an emetic and cathartic. It acts very de- 
 cidedly on the liver and is a diuretic and alterative. The root loses its virtue 
 with age and exposure. Immediately after it is dug and cleaned, bruise it and 
 
316 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDtCAL BOOiC. 
 
 infuse in spirits for a tincture ; or, after carefully cutting out the dead mattet 
 and cleaning it, dry it quickly before a fire, pulverize, and bottle tight for 
 use. As a cathartic give 30 grains of the powder and repeat it if necessary. 
 The dose of the tincture made from the fresh root is 10 dro^s. It is very 
 good in 1-drop doses for bilious sick headache. For dropsy give 10 grains 
 of the powdered root every 3 hours; or, combine it with turkey corn or 
 snake root and use as a watery cathartic. For anasarca and water in the 
 chest use the saturated tincture of the root. Give a teaspoonful every 2 or 
 3 hours until the bowels move freely. It is good for scrofula and syphilis and 
 can be combined with mandrake, black cohosh and poke root. In chronic 
 kidney and liver diseases, from 5 to 10 grains of the powdered root given 
 3 or 4 times a day is very good. For powerful alterative action use equal 
 parts of blue flag root, mandrake and prickly ash bark. Give 10 grains every 
 2 or 3 hours to fall short of cathartic action. This produces pain in some 
 people and to avoid this a few grains of ginger should be added. This is a 
 splendid remedy. 
 
 BONESET. 
 
 Thoroughwort — Feverwort — Sweating Plant — Crosswort — Vegetable 
 
 Antimony — Ague Weed — Indian Sage — (Eupatorium Perfoliatum). 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic, Tonic, Emetic, Alterative, Antiseptic, Cathartic 
 Febrifuge, Astringent, Stimulant. 
 
 Uses. — Fevers, Colds, Ague, Dropsy, Acute and Chronic Rheumatism* 
 Catarrh, Bilious Fevers, Influenza. 
 
 This plant grows in the United States. It is a valuable sweater, tonic, 
 alterative, antiseptic, cathartic, emetic, febrifuge, astringent and stimulant. 
 It was one of the most powerful remedies of the native Indian tribes for fevers, 
 colds, agues, etc. It grows most commonly in meadows and swamps near 
 streams. The leaves are joined together around the stem, giving the eiTect 
 of being run through by the plant. The plant is of a grayish-green color and 
 the flowers are a pale white. The leaves are woolly below and rough above 
 and taper where they are joined to a sharp point. The seeds are black and 
 oblong. A strong decoction made of the plant should be taken warm. It 
 vomits freely and is sufficient to break up almost any cold or fever at the 
 beginning. It cleanses the stomach, excites all secretions, relaxes constric- 
 tion and produces sweating. By causing sweating it is good for colds. 
 Always take a drink of cold tea after the sweat is over. The cold infusion 
 preparations are tonics and do not produce vomiting. The dose of the 
 strong tea is from 2 to 4 ounces once or twice a day. The dose of the fluid 
 extract is from 30 to 40 drops. It is good for intermittent and remittent 
 fever, diseases of general debility, dropsy, troubles arising from intemperance, 
 acute and chronic rheumatism, catarrh, bilious fevers, influenza and lake fevers. 
 It may be used as a tonic (sweetened), laxative or emetic by changing the dose 
 and using warm. The syrup does away with the nauseous taste. The dose of 
 the powder is from 10 to 20 grains once or twice a day. Of the decoction and 
 infusion the dose is from % to 3 ounces once or twice a day. The cold prep- 
 arations are not so exhausting. To make the infusion use 2 ounces of the 
 plant to a pint of boiling water but do not boil it. To ma^e the decoction 
 boil 3 ounces of the plant in a quart of water. The dose of the fluid extract 
 is from 30 to 60 drops. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 31? 
 
 BOXWOOD. 
 (Not Dogwood.) 
 Uses. — Menstrual Troubles. 
 
 The bark steeped and drank is a splendid remedy for menstrual troubles, 
 especially in young girls. It was extensively and successfully used for this 
 purpose by the early settlers. It can be bought at drug stores. Drink freely 
 of the tea made of the bark. 
 
 BUCHU. 
 
 Action. — Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Scanty and Painful Urination, Inflammation of Bladder and Kid- 
 neys. 
 
 Buchu grows best in South Africa. It can be bought in packages at drug 
 stores. To make buchu tea add an ounce of the leaves to a pint of boiling 
 water, steep, and strain when cool. The dose is from 1 to 3 ounces every 3 
 to 5 hours. It is splendid for scanty or painful urination and is good when 
 the bladder and kidneys are inflamed. It is very mild and soothing. It should 
 be used often either alone or with bruised pumpkin seeds. The dose of the 
 fluid extract is a teaspoonful. 
 
 BUCK THORN BRAKE. 
 (Osmunda Regalis.) 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Mucilaginous, Strengthening. 
 
 Uses. — Whites, Female Weakness, Dysentery, Diarrhea, Sprains, Weak 
 Back. 
 
 This brake is common in the United States. It grows in swamps and 
 on low grounds and may be known by its growing very large and in mats, 
 from which an immense number of thick, brittle shoots spring up in the 
 springtime, curling around like a buck's horn. 
 
 Its action is mifcilaginous, tonic and strengthening. The roots and 
 shoots in decoction or compounded with other articles form a very strength- 
 ening syrup for female weaknesses, particularly leucorrhea. The decoction 
 is made by boiling 4 ounces of the plant in a pint of water and the dose 
 is from 1 to 3 ounces every 3 to 4 hours. It is also good for dysentery and 
 diarrhea and as a tonic during convalescence (getting well) . One root infused 
 in a pint of hot water for half an hour will convert the whole into a thick 
 jelly. This is very valuable for female weaknesses. The root mixed with 
 brandy is a very popular remed)"^ as an external application for sprains, 
 weak back, etc. 
 
 BURDOCK. 
 (Arctium Lappa.) 
 
 Action. — Cathartic, Diuretic, Diaphoretic. 
 
 Uses. — Bad Blood, Rheumatism, Gout, Venereal Diseases, Kidney 
 Troubles. 
 
 Grows along road sides. Has burrs which stick tight to a person. Pro- 
 motes sweating and urination and is very cleansing. Good for bad blood. 
 The seeds, when pulverized and taken as a powder in from % to 1 teaspoonful 
 doses, act as a powerful diuretic. The decoction or tea taken freely is good 
 for rheumatism, gout, venereal and other blood diseases. Acts better com- 
 bined with other remedies like dandelion, yellow dock, wahoo, sarsaparilla. 
 
318 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 prickly ash or wild cherry. The decoction is made by boiling 4 ounces of 
 the root in a qtiart of water. Half a pint of this may be drank 3 or 4 times 
 a day. The seeds are more diuretic than the root and are a more useful 
 alterative. They are principally used for kidney troubles. 
 
 CARAWAY. 
 ^ (Carum Carui.) 
 
 Action. — Stomachic, Carminative. 
 
 Uses. — Flatulence, Colic. 
 
 This plant is cultivated in our gardens. It is a good stomachic and 
 carminative (for gas). For colic give from % to % teaspoonful of the seeds. 
 The tea is made by adding 2 teaspoonfuls of the seeds to a pint of boiling 
 water. Do not boil the tea. This tea may be taken freely. The dose of 
 the oil is from 1 to 2 drops. This is very good for wind colic in children. 
 The following is a good combination for flatulence and colic. Take 2 fluid 
 ounces of infusion of caraway, 1 fluid ounce of peppermint water, 1 dram ol 
 soda and 2 fluid ounces of syrup of rhubarb. Take from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls 
 every 3 to 4 hours. 
 
 CATNIP. 
 (Nepeta Cateria.) 
 
 Action. — Sweater, Tonic. 
 
 Uses. — Colds, Flatulence, Amenorrhea, Dysmenorrhea, Nervous Head- 
 aches, Irritability, Inflammations. 
 
 This is a very good remedy for colds to produce sweating and also for 
 colds and flatulence in babies. It is used warm. It is also very good to put 
 into poultices. To make the tea use an ounce of the dried herb to a pint of water. 
 This may be given freely to adults and to babies you can give from % to % 
 teaspoonful. It is a tonic when used cold. It is good for amenorrhea and dys- 
 menorrhea and also for nervous headaches and irritability. One teaspoonful 
 at a dose of equal parts of fluid extract of catnip, fluid-^xtract of valerian and 
 fluid extract of skullcap, is very good for nervous headache, restlessness, etc. 
 The leaves are used for poultices and also in fomentations for inflammations. 
 
 CAYENNE PEPPER. 
 Capsicum — Red Pepper — (Capsicum Annuum). 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Irritant, Stomachic, Rubefacient. 
 
 Uses. — Stimulating Digestion, Delirium Tremens, Vomiting of Drunk- 
 ards, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Headache, Flatulent Colic. 
 
 This is a local stimulant and irritant. Taken in small doses internally 
 it causes warmth and stimulates digestion. It is good for delirium tremens 
 and to check the vomiting of drunkards and to stimulate the nervous system 
 of those who are trying to stop drinking. Tincture of capsicum is used in 
 liniments for neuralgia, rheumatism, headache, flatulent colic, etc. The pow- 
 der is frequently sprinkled over the surface of plasters. The dose of tincture 
 of capsicum is from 5 to 30 drops well diluted. 
 
 CHAMOMILE. 
 Roman Chamomile — German Metricaria — (Anthemis Nobilis). 
 Action. — Stomachic, Diaphoretic. 
 
 Uses. — Colic and Green Diarrhea of Babies, Fretful Babies, Vomiting 
 during Pregnancy, Bitters. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 319 
 
 Good for colic and green diarrhea of babies, especially at teething tim^ 
 when they are cross, fretful and sleepless. Make a tea by putting the flowers 
 into cold water and give freely. This is very good to produce sweating. 
 It should be given freely in warm infusion. Use 4 drams ©f the plant to a pint 
 of cold water and give from 1 to 3 ounces at a dose. Chamomile makes good 
 bitters for the stomach and is good for vomiting during pregnancy. 
 
 CHESTNUT. 
 (Castanea.) 
 
 Uses. — Whooping Cough, Light Coughs, Diarrhea. 
 
 Use the leaves, which should be collected in September or October. 
 Chestnut leaf tea made from the green leaves and drank freely is one of 
 the best remedies known for whooping cough. It is also good for other 
 light coughs. The fluid extract is better for diarrhea. The dose is from 1 
 to 2 teaspoonfuls. The tea is made by using a handful of the leaves to a 
 pint of water and the dose for children is % ounce 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 CINNAMON. 
 (Cinnamomum.) 
 Action. — Stimulant, Stomachic, Carminative, Astringent, Aromatic. 
 Uses. — Bowel Complaints, Stomach Tonic. 
 
 Cinnamon is stimulating and warming and a good stomach tonic. It is 
 also good for bowel complaints. It is much used as a flavoring extract and 
 to disguise the taste and smell of other medicines. The dose of cinnamon 
 in powder is % of a small teaspoonful. 
 
 CLEAVERS. 
 Goose Grass — Catchweed — Clivers — (Galium Aparine). 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Aperient, Antiscorbutic. 
 
 Uses. — Suppression of Urine, Kidney Troubles, Gravel, Tumors, Freckles, 
 Erysipelas, Scarlet Fever, Measles. 
 
 This vine-like grass grows in hedges, on low grounds, in meadows and 
 near brooks. It rises from 4 to 6 feet in height, climbing the bushes near 
 it. The leaves are eight in a whorl and the upper side is whitish with sharp 
 prickers. The stem is square, the angles being guarded with sharp prickers 
 which are bent downward. The flowers are small, inconspicuous and divided 
 in 4 segments. These change into a rather large fruit composed of two_ ber- 
 ries slightly adhering together and covered with hooded prickers containing 
 two seeds. 
 
 This is one of the most valuable diuretics or kidney remedies that our 
 country produces. It is good and speedy for all suppression of urine and 
 for gravel complaints. The pressed juice mixed with oatmeal to the consist- 
 ency of a poultice and appHed over an indolent tumor three times a day, 
 keeping the bowels open by castor oil, and taking a tablespoonful of the 
 juice every morning, will often drive the tumor away in a few days. The tea 
 should be made with cold water. Three or four ounces of the dried herb to 
 a quart of water is sufficient. This should be used every day as a common 
 drink and especially for gravel. It seems to possess a solvent power over 
 the stone or gravel, crumbling it into a sandy substance. It is peculiarly 
 applicable to inflammation of the kidneys and bladder from its crumbling as 
 (veil as its diuretic quality. You can make a warm tea by using 1% ounces 
 
320 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 of the herb to a pint of warm water and steeping for two hours. Take 2 to 
 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. This may be sweetened with honey or sugar. Take 
 equal parts of cleavers, maiden hair and elder blows and steep in warm water 
 for 3 or 3 hours and when cold drink freely for erysipelas, scarlet fever and 
 measles. The tea made with cold' water is good for freckles when applied 
 locally several times a day. 
 
 CLOVES. 
 
 (Caryophyllus.) 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Aromatic, Carminative. 
 
 Uses. — Nausea, Vomiting, Toothache, Cholera Morbus, Wind Colic. 
 
 A decoction of cloves is good for sickness at the stomach and to check 
 vomiting and also for wind colic. The decoction is made by boiling 2 or 3 
 teaspoonfuls of ground cloves in % pint of sweet milk. The dose is a table- 
 spoonful every 15 to 30 minutes as hot as can be borne. This will be found 
 valuable for cholera morbus. The oil of cloves may be used instead of the 
 powder. The oil of cloves put upon cotton and placed in the cavity of a 
 tooth is good for toothache. 
 
 COLUMBO ROOT. 
 (Imported.) 
 
 Action. — Emetic, • Cathartic, Tonic, Antiseptic. 
 
 Uses. — Fevers, Debility, Stomach Troubles, Headache, Rheumatism, In- 
 flammation. 
 
 This is an emetic and cathartic when fresh and is good as a tonic, anti- 
 septic and for fevers when dry. It yields its bitterness to water but proof 
 spirits is its proper menstruum. The doses are from 1 to 2 drams of the 
 powder and 1 to 2 ounces of the tea. The root ought to be collected from 
 the fall of the second year to the spring of the third year of its growth. 
 The root is a good antiseptic and bitter and is used successfully in debility 
 and diseases of the stomach. It is good for relaxed stomach and bowels, in- 
 digestion, etc. It takes the place of rhubarb as a laxative for children and 
 pregnant women. Cold water helps its efficiency and prevents nausea and 
 vomiting. A teaspoonful of the powder in hot water and sugar will give 
 relief in case of over-eating or weak stomach. The leaves produce sweating 
 when laid on the forehead and frequently relieve headache. The fresh leaves 
 applied externally in this manner are also good for rheumatism and inflamma- 
 tion. The dose of the tincture is from 1 to 2 drams. The dose of the in- 
 fusion is from 1 to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. The infusion, or tea, is made 
 by using an ounce of the root to a pint of water. 
 
 COMFREY. 
 Healing Herb — Gum Plant — (Symphytum Officinale). 
 
 Action. — Mucilaginous, Expectorant, Emollient. 
 
 Uses. — Bruises, Ruptures, Fresh Wounds, Sore Breasts, Ulcers, Gout, 
 Soreness of Bowels, Coughs, Whites, Female Weakness. 
 
 It grows in meadows near springs and is planted in gardens for family 
 use. The root is the part used and is soothing and mucilaginous like marsh- 
 mallow. It blossoms in May and June and bears white or rose-colored flowers 
 at the extremities of the branches. The root is large and is blackish outside 
 and white inside. The fresh root when bruised is a good application for 
 
HERB DEPARTAIENT. ■ 321 
 
 bruises, ruptures, fresh wounds, sore breasts, ulcers, gout, etc. A decoction 
 made by using from % to 2 ounces of the root to a quart of water is good 
 for internal injuries- and soreness and erosions of the bowels caused by diar- 
 rhea and dysentery. It is good for coughs and promotes expectoration. 
 Drink the decoction freely during the day. It is also good for leucorrhea 
 and female weaknesses. 
 
 CORNSILK. 
 (Maida Stigmata.) 
 
 Action. — Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Congested Kidneys, Chronic Inflammation of Kidneys, Suppressed 
 Urine, Irritable Bladder, Acute and Chronic Cystitis, Dropsy. 
 
 The green pistils of maize, or Indian corn, gathered when the tassel has 
 shed its pollen are good as medicine. Cornsilk is a diuretic in local dropsy 
 and heart trouble. It is good for congested kidneys, chronic inflammation 
 of the kidneys, suppressed urine, irritable bladder and acute and chronic 
 cystitis. It is good for dropsy of the lower extremities from heart or kidney 
 disease. The fluid extract is the best way to give it and the dose is from 
 1 to 3 drams every 3 to 4 hours. A tea may be made of the cornsilks but 
 is not so easily made as most teas. The following combination is good for 
 dropsy. Take 1% ounces of the fluid extract of cornsilk, 3 ounces of the 
 fluid extract of dandelion and 3 ounces of the infusion of digitalis. Give 
 3 teaspoonfuls in water every 3 or 4 hours. Another good preparation for 
 the same purpose is made by taking 2 ounces of fluid extract of cornsilk, 3 
 drams of cream of tartar and 2 ounces of sweet spirits of nitre. The dose 
 of this is half a teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours. Cornsilk is a good remedy 
 in the fluid extract form but, as before said, it is difificult to make a tea. 
 However, a tea made of powdered corn is very good for nausea and vomiting 
 in many diseases. 
 
 CRAWLEY ROOT, 
 Fever Root — Dragon's Claw — Chicken's Toes — Coral Uoot — (Corallorhiza 
 
 Odontorhiza). 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic. 
 
 Uses. — Fevers, Pleurisy, Scanty and Painful Menses, Bilious Colic. 
 
 It grows in beds or patches and rises 6 or 7 inches high. The leaves 
 grow in a cluster from the top of the root. The blossoms are yellow. It 
 has a small black root resembling cloves and having a strong smell similar 
 to nitre. It grows in Canada, New York and some of the other northern 
 states. The root is effectual in all remittent, uervous and inflammatory fevers 
 like pleurisy. It equalizes the circulation, relaxes the system generally and 
 brings a moisture to the surface. It is diaphoretic, or produces sweating. 
 Prepare the root by pulverizing and putting into tightly corked bottles. After 
 the stomach and bowels are well cleared by a cathartic, a half a teaspoonful 
 of the powder may be given every 2 hours in a cup of warm herb tea or 
 warm water. This may be continued until a moisture appears on the skin 
 or until 5 or 6 doses have been taken. It can also be given with pleurisy 
 root for pleurisy. Combined with blue cohosh it forms an excellent medicine 
 for amenorrhea (scanty menses or none at all) and dysmenorrhea (painful 
 menses) . It is very good for after pains and suppressed after flow. It is also 
 very good to act upon the bowels and liver when combined with mandrake 
 or Culver's root. Mixed with wild yam it is very good for bilious colic. 
 
 21 
 
332 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 CROWFOOT. 
 Wild Cranesbill — Storkbill — ^Tormentil — (Geranium Maculatum). 
 
 Action. — Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Wounds, Gonorrhea, Ulcers, Diabetes, Bloody Urine, Profuse 
 Menstruation, Aphthous Sore Mouth, Dysentery, Diarrhea, Cholera Infantum, 
 Bleeding Piles, Nose Bleed, Hemorrhage, Gleet, Leucorrhea, Flooding, Quinsy. 
 
 This plant is perennial, horizontal ; has a thick, rough, knobby and fleshy 
 root, black outside and reddish inside, with short fibres. It has long, slender 
 stalks, 1 to 3 feet high with long narrow leaves or segments at a joint with 
 2 leaves at each fork. The flowers are large and generally purple, mostly in 
 pairs with long stems like a crane's bill springing from the leaves. The fruit 
 is a capsule in 5 sections containing 1 seed each. This plant grows in all 
 parts of the United States. It is found in open woods, thickets and hedge?. 
 Flowers from April to June. The root is used and should be collected late in 
 autumn. 
 
 It is a powerful astringent. The Indians used it for wounds, gonorrhea, 
 ulcers of the legs, diabetes, bloody urine, too great menstruation and aph- 
 thous sore mouth. It is good for children with poor stomachs. It is used 
 in infusion as an astringent with milk in the second stage of dysentery, diar- 
 rhea and cholera infantum. A strong decoction of the root, 2 ounces to a 
 pint of water, may be injected for bleeding piles and retained as long as pos- 
 sible. As an ointment it is also good for piles. In making the ointment sdd 
 2 ounces of the finely powdered root of cranesbill to 7 ounces of tobacco, 
 Apply the ointment to piles 3 or 4 times a day. Crowfoot or cranesbill i?< 
 also good for nose bleed and bleeding from wounds and small vessels, as 
 after pulling teeth. Apply the powder to the bleeding parts and if possible 
 cover with a cotton compress. In decoction in combination with unicorn 
 root it has proved of service in diabetes and Bright's disease. Fov gleet and 
 leucorrhea, a decoction of 2 parts cranesbill and 1 part blood root forms an 
 excell-ent injection. The decoction is also useful as a gargle for quinsy, sore 
 throat and in severe cases of flooding after labor. In these troubles the appli- 
 cation of cranesbill either in decoction or fluid extract by injection or by 
 sterile cloths is very good. The dose of the powdered root is from 20 to 30 
 grains 3 or 4 times a day. In making the decoction an ounce of the root may 
 be used to a pint of boiling water and the dose is one or two ounces three 
 or four times a day. Crowfoot or cranesbill is an excellent remedy. 
 
 CULVER'S ROOT. 
 Culver's Physic — Black Root — Tall Veronica — (Leptandra Virginica). 
 
 Action. — Antiseptic, Tonic, Diaphoretic, Cathartic. 
 
 Uses. — Bilious Fever, Torpid Liver, Constipation, Dropsy, Dyspepsia. 
 
 This root grows in the United States and is perennial, black or dark 
 colored with many small fibres growing from a long, woody candex or head. 
 The stems, several arising from the same root, are round, somewhat hairy, 
 growing from 2 to 4 feet high and branching with the branches bearing on 
 their tops a spike or tassel of crowded white flowers. The leaves are in 
 whorls of 4 or 5 at a joint and are long, narrow and pointed with edges 
 set with unequal sharp teeth., Grows in wettish lands, near streams and in 
 open glades and plains and in limestone lands. The dried root is used as the 
 fresh root is too violent and drastic. It operates mildly and certainly and does 
 
COMMON HERBS USED AS MEDICINES. 
 
 Dandelion. 
 
 Used for Liver Complaints, Con- 
 s t i p a t i o n. Jaundice, Dyspepsia, 
 Dropsy, etc. Also used in Blood 
 Remedies. 
 
 Stramonium or Thorn Apple. 
 
 (Poison.) 
 Used for Piles, Painful Monthlies, 
 Burns, Cancers, Tumors, Ulcers, 
 Sciatica, Asthma, Epilepsy, Insan- 
 ity, etc. 
 
 Henbane or Poison Tobacco. 
 
 Used for Fistula, Boils. Ulcers, 
 Swollen Breasts, Tumors, Inflamed 
 Eyes, etc. 
 
 Iris or Blue Flag. 
 
 Blue Flag is used for Bilious 
 Sick Headache, Dropsy, Scrofula, 
 Venereal Diseases and Chronic 
 Kidney and Liver Diseases. 
 
 Hops. 
 
 Used for Nervousness, Sleep- 
 lessness, Indigestion, Inflamma- 
 tions, Rheumatism, Earache, Pleur- 
 isy, Toothache, Appendicitis, etc. 
 
 Lily of the Valley. 
 
 Used for Heart Troubles, 
 Bright's Disease, Dropsy, Urinary, 
 Diseases, etc. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 323 
 
 not produce much depression. It is good for bilious fever, torpid liver, con- 
 stipation and dropsy. It is antiseptic, tonic and a sweat producer. In 
 fevers it removes the black tarry matter from the bowels without weakening 
 them. The dose is from % to 1 teaspoonful added to half a gill of boiling 
 water and sweetened if desired. Repeat in 3 hours if it does not move the 
 bowels. Powder the dry root. The dose of the fluid extract is from % to 1 
 dram. To make a weak tea use an ounce to a pint of water and give % 
 ounce at a dose. The dose of the powdered dry root as a cathartic is 20 to 
 60 grains. Use the infusion in fevers. One half of a fluid ounce should 
 be given every hour until it operates and it should be repeated daily if nec- 
 essary. It is very good in small doses as a laxative and a tonic for dys- 
 pepsia and when the liver is torpid. The dose is from 3 to 5 grains of 
 the root 4 times a day. 
 
 DANDELION. 
 Monkshood — (Taraxacum). 
 
 Action. — Laxative, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Expectorant, Tonic, Alterative, 
 Aperient. 
 
 Uses. — Liver Complaint, Constipation, Jaundice, Dyspepsia, Dropsy, 
 Blood Purifier. 
 
 The root should be gathered in the autumn. It is laxative, diaphoretic, 
 diuretic, expectorant, tonic and alterative. It is good for torpid liver and 
 liver complaint, constipation, jaundice, dyspepsia and dropsy. It is prepared 
 in decoction or infusion from the green plant. The pressed juice is the best. 
 It can be used freely. Combined with other remedies such as yellow dock, 
 burdock or wahoo it acts very well as a blood purifier. The dose of the root 
 extract is from 10 to 40 grains; of the root fluid extract, from 1 to 8 drams 
 and of the infusion, from 1 to 3 ounces. The infusion may be taken fre- 
 quently. The following is a good blood combination. Take 1 ounce of fluid 
 extract of dandelion, 60 grains of potassa iodide, 1 ounce of fluid extract of 
 yellow dock, 1 ounce of fluid extract of burdock, 1 ounce of fluid extract of 
 ' wahoo and 1 ounce of fluid extract of red clover. The dose is a teaspoonful 
 4 times a day. Dandelion may be taken as a tea, the dried roots may be 
 eaten or the plant may be eaten in the form of greens for either liver or bowel 
 difficulties. 
 
 DWARF ELDER. , 
 (Aralia Hispida.) 
 
 Action. — Emetic, Purgative. 
 
 Uses. — Dropsy, Suppressed Urine, Gravel. 
 
 It rises 3 or 3 feet in height, is herb-like, erect and prickly. The leaves 
 are opposite, pinnated and composed of 4 or 5 pairs with an odd one at the 
 extremity. The flowers are terminal, umbelliferous in scattered shafts. The 
 fruit is round, black and disagreeable to the taste. It is a single-celled berry- 
 containing 3 irregularly shaped seeds. This plant grows in hemlock lands 
 in the United States. The inner bark of the root :s the part used. 
 
 One gill of the juice of the inner bark will vomit and physic. The juice, 
 infusion or decoction is good for dropsy. For common use 2 ounces of the 
 dried root may be boiled in a quart of water and a gill taken night and morn- 
 ing. Or, 1 ounce of the inner bark and 1 ounce of the dry root may be put 
 into 3 quarts of water and boiled down to 2 quarts. A teaspoonful of this 
 taken 3 times a day is good for suppression of urine. This is also good for 
 
3M THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 dropsy and gravel. In making the decoction of the fresh roots, use 1 ounce 
 of the roots to a pint of water and take from 2 to 4 ounces, 3 times a day. 
 
 ELDER. 
 Sweet Elder — Elder Flowers — Black-berried Elder — (Sambucus Canadensis). 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Alterative, Purgative, Diaphoretic, Expectorant, 
 Sudorific, Aperient, Emetic. 
 
 Uses. — Sores, Erysipelas, Liver Troubles, Blood Remedy, Dropsy, 
 Measles, Kidney Troubles, Inflamed Eyes, Piles. 
 
 This is a very common shrub growing from 8 to 10 feet high and is 
 found in all parts of the United States. Leaves are dark green. Flowers are 
 white and in clusters. The berries are dark purple and are good for piles and 
 the urine. The young leaves and buds are too active for use. The inner 
 bark, berries and flowers are used. The inner bark boiled with cream makes 
 a splendid salve for sores and erysipelas. A warm tea made of elder flowers 
 will gently stimulate and produce sweating. Elder flower tea is also good 
 for weak or inflamed eyes when applied locally. A cold tea acts as a di- 
 uretic, alterative and cooler of the blood and may be used for liver troubles 
 of children. In infusion with maiden hair and beech drops it is useful 
 for erysipelas. An infusion of the inner bark in wine, or pressed juice 
 in doses of from % to 1 ounce will purge. In teaspoonful doses it is good for 
 dropsy, etc. Hot elder flower tea made by using an ounce of the flowers to 
 a pint of boiling water is very good to bring out the eruption of measISs. 
 The juice of the root in one ounce doses daily acts as a watery cathartic and 
 diuretic (kidney worker) and is good in dropsical affections. 
 
 ELECAMPANE. 
 (Inula Helenium,) 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Stimulant. 
 
 Uses. — Dyspepsia, Chronic Bronchitis, Catarrh of Bladder, Suppressed 
 Menstruation, Skin Eruptions, Lung Diseases, Sciatica, Gout, Gravel, Facial 
 Neuralgia. 
 
 A common plant growing by the roadsides and in meadows. Its large, 
 fibrous root is brown outside and white inside. The stem, which grows 
 from 6 to 8 feet high, is branched toward the top and covered with a whitish 
 down. The flowers are located at the ends of the branches and are yellow 
 in color. The root has a spicy smell and contains a camphorated oil. 
 
 This was a famous medicine of early times and was used for lung dis- 
 eases and externally it was used for gout, gravel, sciatica and facial neuralgia. 
 It is now used for chronic eruptions of the skin, chronic bronchitis, catarrh 
 of the bladder, suppressed menstruation and dyspepsia. It is made into a 
 decoction by boiling from % to 1 ounce of the crushed root in a pint of water. 
 
 ELM. 
 Slippery Elm— Red Elm— (Ulmus Fulva). 
 Action. — Soothing, Mucilaginous. 
 
 Uses.— -Coughs, Colds, Influenza, Pleurisy, Quinsy, Dysentery, Painful 
 Urination, Infliammation of Stomach and Bowels, Poisoning, Erysipelas, Burns, 
 Scalds, Piles, Bruises, Ulcers, Gonorrhea, Gleet, Wliites, Diarrhea, Poultices, 
 " Going Down " of Mumps. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 325 
 
 Found in all parts of the United States. It is mostly prepared as a fine 
 flour, a large teaspoonful of which may be briskly stirred into a pint of cold 
 water and this again stirred into a quart of hot water and then boiled. This 
 may be drank freely. It is very good for coughs, colds, influenza, pleurisy, 
 quinsy, dysentery, and painful urination. It is also good for inflammation 
 of the stomach and bowels and especially after poisoning when mild mucilag- 
 inous drinks are required. When iised for the latter purpose it should be 
 drank cold. The bark may also be chewed. Poultices of ground elm bark 
 with lead water are good for erysipelas and local inflammations and may 
 be used either hot or cold. 
 
 In making mucilage of elm use 6 parts of dried bark to 100 parts of 
 boiling water and drink freely. This is good as a bland drink after poison- 
 ing. Used alone as a poultice, slippery elm has been found very good for in- 
 flamed surfaces, fresh wounds, burns, scalds, bruises and ulcers. This is 
 also very good when mumps go down to the testicles. The poultice should 
 be changed every 2 to 4 hours. Injections of slippery elm tea made from 
 the bark is good for diarrhea, whites, piles, gonorrhea and gleet. Powdered 
 bark sprinkled over the surface will prevent chafing and it allays itching and 
 heat in erysipelas. Make the tea of the bark by using 2 ounces of the bark 
 to a pint of boiling water. This may be drank freely. 
 
 FALSE UNICORN ROOT. 
 (Blazing Star.) 
 
 Action. — Ton ic. 
 
 Uses. — Prevention of Miscarriages, Dyspepsia, Loss of Appetite, Weak- 
 ness of Generative Organs, Leucorrhea, Amenorrhea, Dysmenorrhea. 
 
 The root is perennial, large and bulbous and from it arises a simple, very 
 smooth and somewhat angular stem from 1 to 3 feet high. The root is from 
 1 to 3 inches long and of a dry, dark color. The root and leaves are green 
 all winter and spread upon the ground in the shape of a star. The root ends 
 as if it were bitten off. The leaves are acute and small and at some distance 
 from each other. Radical leaves are broader and from 4 to 8 inches long, 
 % to 1 inch in width, narrow at the base and formed into a sort of whorl at 
 the base. The flowers are small, very numerous and of a greenish white. 
 There are many seeds in each cell. Plant is indigenous to the United States 
 and is abundant in some of the western states. It grows in woodlands, 
 meadows, etc., and flowers in June and July. It is somewhat similar to aletris 
 but its leaves are sharply pointed and it has a straight slender spike of scat- 
 tered flowers. The root is the part used. 
 
 It is a tonic and was much used by the Indian women to prevent miscar- 
 riages. It is good for weakness of the genesative organs. From 1 to 15 
 grains of the powder taken 3 or 4 times a day is good for dyspepsia, loss of 
 appetite and for diseases of women. It is good for leucorrhea, amenorrhea, 
 dysmenorrhea and to prevent miscarriage. The decoction is made by using 1 
 ounce of the root to a pint of water and the dose is from 1 to 3 ounces. The 
 dose of the powder is from 10 to 20 grains. 
 
 FENNEL. 
 (Anethum FcEniculum.) 
 Action. — Carminative, Aromatic. 
 Uses. — Dyspepsia, Flatulent Colic. 
 
326 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 This is raised in gardens. It blossoms in June and July and ripen? its 
 fruit in September. It is good for dyspepsia and flatulent colic of children. 
 Can be given freely. The seeds can be given in from ^4 to 1 teaspoonful doses 
 but it is better when boiled or steeped. For the tea use 1 ounce to a pint of 
 water. The dose of the tea is from Vi to 1 teaspoonful 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 FIRE WEED. 
 
 Colt's Tail — Mare's Tail — Canada Fleabane — (Erigeron Canadense). 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Tonic, Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Bleeding, Profuse Menses, Metrorrhagia, Dysentery, Piles, Pain in 
 Back, Bruises, Sprains, Boils, Sore Throat. 
 
 It is most frequently found in partly cultivated fields in Canada and the 
 northern part of the U. S. It grows about 3 feet high and is covered with 
 stifiF hairs and has bushy tops with very small flowers which grow in long clus- 
 ters at the ends of the stems. It should be gathered in July or August. The 
 decoction or infusion can be used but it loses much of its strength in this 
 form. It is better to buy the oil of fire weed. Its power of controlling 
 bleeding is very great. It is good for metrorrhagia, or bleeding from the 
 womb, and menorrhagia, or too free menses. Take from 5 to 8 drops at a 
 dose, on sugar or in capsule, every 1 to 3 hours for bleeding as above and 
 also for dysentery and nose bleed. Apply locally for pain in the back and 
 also for piles. It is good for bruises, sprains and wounds generally. Is used in 
 liniments. The tea is made by using 1 ounce to a pint of boiling water and the 
 dose is from 2 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. The oil is very good when ap- 
 plied to piles, boils, sore throat and to small wounds to stop bleeding. Com- 
 bine with goose grease. Internally give from 5 to 8 drops on sugar for diar- 
 rhea, dysentery and bleeding from the kidneys. Good also for wpmb bleeding. 
 Can repeat every 5 to 10 minutes for 4 doses. 
 
 FOXGLOVE— (Poison). 
 Digitalis — Purple Foxglove — Fairy's Glove — (Digitalis Purpurea). 
 
 Action. — Narcotic, Sedative, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Inflammation of Lungs, Pleurisy, Dropsy of Chest, Inflammatory 
 Afifections, Heart Disease. 
 
 The stem grows 2 or 3 feet high and is straight and hairy. The leaves 
 are whitish, large, oval and hairy on both sides. The flowers are of a deep 
 reddish purple color. 
 
 It is a poison and narcotic and should only be administered by one who 
 understands its action. It is a valuable remedy for heart troubles, dropsy oi 
 the chest, pleurisy, inflammation of the lungs and all inflammatory troubles. 
 
 GARLIC. 
 
 (Allium Sativum.) 
 
 Action. — Antiseptic, Expectorant. 
 
 Uses. — Coughs, Colds, Croup, Chronic Bronchitis, Capillary Bronchitis, 
 Retention of Urine, Convulsions, Pneumohia. 
 
 Garlic is well known by its strong disagreeable odor and its taste which 
 is stronger than onion. 
 
 It is an antiseptic and stimulating expectorant. It is good for coughs and 
 colds. A poultice of garlic is good for croup. It is very good in chronic 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 3ZV 
 
 bronchitis and in capillary bronchitis of children. For these purposes it 
 may be used as an ingredient in poultices. Garlic is generally used in syrup 
 form. The dose is from 1/6 to 1 teaspoonful. The following is a good com- 
 bination for bronchitis of children. Take 2 ounces of syrup of garlic, 1 
 ounce of sweet spirits of nitre and 1 ounce of glycerine. The dose is from 
 
 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls in water every 2 or 3 hours. Another good preparation 
 is made by mixing 3 ounces of syrup of garlic with 2 ounces of syrup of tar. 
 A teaspoonful or two may be taken in water every 2 or 3 hours. 
 
 The bruised bulbs applied as a poultice over the bladder is good for re- 
 tention of urine. Applied to the front of the chest it is good for pneumonia of 
 infants. Applied to the feet it is fine for convulsions of children. The dose of 
 the fresh juice of the bulb is from Yz to 1 teaspoonful. If used tod freely it 
 causes headache, flatulence, stomach disturbance, piles and fever. 
 
 GENTIAN. 
 (Gentiana Americana.) 
 
 Action.-:— Cathartic, Sudorific, Tonic, Antiseptic, Febrifuge, Stomachic. 
 
 Uses. — Stomach Troubles, Constipation. 
 
 This plant is a native of Europe though it is found in the U. S. It rises 
 
 2 or 3 feet in height; the stem is smooth, strong and erect; the leaves which 
 arise from the lower part of the stem are pear shaped, large, ribbed and rough, 
 while those from the upper part are more oVate, smooth and sissile. Large 
 yellow flowers, produced in whorls, grow along the stalks. It is perennial and 
 grows along roadsides. The root is the best part to use. 
 
 Its action is not astringent but it is a bitter tonic and antiseptic. In large 
 doses it is cathartic and sudorific. It invigorates the stomach and is very use- 
 ful in debility of the digestive organs. It increases the appetite, prevents the 
 souring of foods and aids in the digestion of solid food. In combination it is 
 good as a tonic. The tea is made by using 3 ounces of the root to a pint of 
 boiling water. The dose is from 1 to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. The fol- 
 lowing is a good compound. Take 2 ounces each of tincture of gentian and 
 tincture of cinchona compound and 2% drams of tincture of nux vomica. 
 Shake well and give a teaspoonful before or after meals. The dose of the fluid 
 extract of gentian is from 30 to 60 drops and of the com.pound tincture, from 
 1 to 4 drams. 
 
 GINGER. 
 (Zingiber Officinale.) 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic, Stimulant, Condiment, Carminative. 
 
 Uses. — Colds, Bilious Attacks, Diarrhea, Dysentery,- Flatulent Colic, 
 Cholera Morbus. 
 
 This is a very good household remedy. It is excellent for colds and 
 bilious attacks and when the stomach and bowels need warming. When hot 
 and strong it is good for sweating. Good for diarrhea, dysentery, flatulent or 
 wind colic, cholera morbus, biliousness, colds and coughs. To make the tea 
 add % ounce of powdered or bruised ginger to a pint of boiling water. The 
 dose is from 1 to 2 fluid ounces. The dose of tincture of ginger is from 10 
 drops to a teaspoonful. A larger dose may be taken if it is to be taken but 
 once. For a child with colic or diarrhea give from 1 to 4 drops every 2 hours. 
 It is also used for external application. A spice poultice is excellent for pain 
 in the bowels. This is made by taking equal parts of ground ginger, cinna- 
 
Z2B THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 mon, cloves and allspice. One-fourth part of cayenne pepper may be added if 
 needed. Place all in a flannel bag, spread evenly, wet with alcohol or whiskey 
 and apply to the affected parts. Re-wet, if necessary, to keep it moist. 
 
 GINSENG. 
 Red Berry — Ninsin — Five Fingers — (Panax Quinquefolium). 
 
 Action. — Nervine, Tonic, Restorative, Stimulant. 
 
 Uses. — Debility, Stomach Troubles, Gravel, Weak Generative Organs. 
 
 Ginseng grows about a foot high. There are 5 leaves to a main stem. 
 It has small white flowers which are followed by red berries. The root is 
 white and fleshy= The root may be tinctured in old Jamaica spirits and^ taken 
 3 times a day on an empty stomach. Good for pain in the bones from colds, 
 debility, weakness from excessive venery, gravel and is a good restorative. It 
 improves the appetite, strengthens the stomach and invigorates the System. 
 The powdered root may be taken in teaspoonful doses or the decoction may be 
 taken in teacupful doses several times a day as a nervine or tonic. A tea mav 
 also be made of the leaves. The Chinese use much ginseng and it is culti- 
 vated in gardens. 
 
 GOLDEN ROD. 
 Sweet Scented Golden Rod — (Solidago Odora). 
 Action. — Stimulant, Carminative, Aromatic. 
 
 Uses. — Nausea, Pain it Stomach and Bowels. , 
 
 There are many kinds of golden rod but the flowers and leaves of the kind 
 used as a medicine taste somewhat like fennel or anise. It is called sweet 
 scented golden rod. The tea should not be boiled. Given freely while warm 
 it is good for nausea or sickness at the stomach and for pain in the stomach and 
 bowels which is caused by gas. 
 
 GOLDEN SEAL. 
 Yellow Puccoon — Orange Root — (Hydrastis Canadensis). 
 
 Action. — ^Tonic, Alterative, Laxative. 
 
 Uses. — Dyspepsia, Loss of Appetite, Sore Mouthj Inflammation of Vagina, 
 Leucorrhea, Gleet, Chronic Gonorrhea, Ulcers, Sore Throat, Inflammation of 
 Bladder. 
 
 The root is perennial, crooked, wrinkled, rough and of a bright yellow color 
 with many long fibres. The stem is round, simple, straight and grows from 
 8 to 14 inches high. It commonly bears 2 rough leaves at the top, somewhat 
 resembling the leaves of the sugar maple tree, in the center of which appears 
 the flower which is followed by a fleshy, red and many seeded berry. 
 
 It acts especially upon the mucous surfaces. It is a powerful and valu- 
 able bitter tonic which is good for weakness and loss di appetite. It is very 
 good when combined with other tonics. It is good after recovery from fevers, 
 for dyspepsia and for sore mouth. For the later stages of gonorrhea use the 
 fluid extract of hydrastis as an injection. ^ As an injection use % dram of fl. 
 ext. to % pint of water. Also good for inflammation of the vaginia and fot 
 leucorrhea. It stains clothing. In full strength or diluted it is good for sore 
 mouth and sore throat. In small doses of from 1 to 3 grains of the powder 
 taken after meals it is good for dyspepsia. It is tssed externally for sloughing 
 ulcers and sores. Combined with cransbill it very good for diarrhea. A decoc- 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 329 
 
 tion made by using 2 parts of golden seal and 1 part of cranesbill is very good 
 for gleet, chronic gonorrhea and whites. It is very good as an injection for 
 cystitis or inflammation of the bladder. For this it should be used as a decoc- 
 tion with 1 ounce of the root to a pint of boiling water. Should be used twice 
 a day. Sweetened with honey and used as a gargle or wash it is very good for 
 ulcered sore mouth and throat. The dose of the powder is from 1 to 10 grains ; 
 of the tincture, from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls ; of the fluid extract from 1 to 5 
 grains; of the tea from % to 3 ounces, 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 HARD HACK. 
 
 Meadow Sweet — Steeple Biish — White Leaf — (Spireea Tormentosa). 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Diarrhea, Cholera Infantum, Female Troubles, Loss of Appetite, 
 Bleeding from Lungs. 
 
 This is a small shrub from 2 to 4 feet high with many simple, erect, round, 
 downy, hard, brittle and purplish stems, furnished with alternate leaves which 
 are dark green or brownish above and covered with a rusty white beneath. 
 The flowers are small, very numerous, red or purple, and grow at the end of 
 the stems in an irregular cluster. Grows commonly on low grounds and in 
 meadows in most parts of the U. S. Flowers in July and August. The fruit 
 is persistent, remaining throughout the winter and furnishing food for the 
 snow bird. 
 
 It is a tonic and astringent and useful in diarrhea and cholera infantum. 
 As a tonic it may be used 'in debility where there is want of appetite. The 
 Osage Indians chewed the dried roots and stems and drank a cold tea of the 
 plant for hemorrhage of the lungs. The Indian women used the infusion as 
 a wash for female troubles. The decoction is made by using 1 ounce to a pint 
 of water and the dose is from 1 to 2 fluid ounces. 
 
 HEMLOCK TREE. 
 Hemlock Spruce — (Pinus Canadensis). 
 
 Uses. — Falling of Womb, Rheumatism, Lumbago, Sciatica, Piles, Leucor- 
 rhea. Pharyngitis, Menstrua! Diseases. 
 
 The tree grows in Canada and the northern part of the U. S. and attains 
 a height of 70 or 80 feet. A decoction made of the bark is an excellent wash 
 for falling of the womb. Oil of hemlock is valuable externally for rheuma- 
 tism, lumbago and sciatica. It should never be taken internally. The decoc- 
 tion is excellent for piles, leucorrhea and pharyngitis. The dilute tincture is 
 good for menstrual diseases and is applied locally for piles. The decoction, 
 2 ounces of bark to a quart of boiling water, should be used externally only. 
 It should boil a long or short time depending upon the strength desired. 
 
 HENBANE— (Poison). 
 Black Henbane — Fetid Nightshade — Poison Tobacco — (Hyoscyamus Niger). 
 
 Action. — Narcotic, Anodyne, Soporific. 
 
 Uses. — Fistulas, Boils, Ulcers, Swellings of Breasts, Tumors, Inflamed 
 Eyes. 
 
 Cultivated for use as a medicine. Grows 2 or 3 feet high. The flowers 
 are funnel shaped and of a dingy yellow with streaks of a bright purple color. 
 It is a very poisonous narcotic and often causes death by being taken by 
 mistake. 
 
330 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Externally it may be applied as a poultice or cloths may be wrung- out of 
 the hot decoction. Thus applied it is good for all kinds of painful inflamma-* 
 tions, such as swellings of the breasts, boils, fistulas, scrofulous ulcers, tumors, 
 inflamed eyes and cramps in the bowels. Internally it acts the same as bella- 
 donna and should be used with caution. 
 
 HIGH CRANBERRY. 
 Cramp Bark — (Viburnum Opulus). 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Anti-spasmodic. 
 Uses. — Cramps. 
 This grows in swamps and rich low lands in Canada and the northern 
 part of the U. S. The leaves resemble a goose's foot. The flowers are white 
 and in clusters. The berries resemble common cranberry and remain during 
 the winter. They make a good drink. The bark of the root is a tonic and 
 good for cramps. For the decoction use an ounce of the bark of the root to a 
 pint of water and give 2 ounces 2 or 3 times a day. The tincture is made with 
 1 ounce of pulverized bark mixed with a quart of wine. The dose is a wine- 
 glassful twice a day. The decoction of the root taken freely is good for cramp 
 in any part of the body and especially during pregnancy. The following com- 
 bination is good. Take 2 ounces of cramp bark, 1 ounce of skullcap, 1 ounce 
 of skunk cabbage, 1/2 ounce of cloves and 2 teaspoonfuls of capsicum. Coarsely 
 bruise and add 3 quarts of good sherry or native wine and take from 1 to 2 
 ounces 2 or 3 times a day. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK. 
 (Althaea Rosea.) 
 Uses. — Leucorrhea, Inflammation of Mucous Surfaces. 
 Plant is well known. A tea made of the flowers may be drank freely 
 and is fine for leucorrhea. It is also used for inflammations of the mucous 
 surfaces, such as the lining of the stomach, bowels, throat arid urinary 
 passages. 
 
 HOPS. 
 (Humulus Lupulus.) 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Narcotic, Sedative, Appetizer. 
 
 Uses. — Earache, Pleurisy, Toothache, Nervousness, Sleeplessness, Indi- 
 gestion, Swellings, Rhetimatism, Appendicitis, Inflammations. 
 
 Hops are a very good appetizer and nerve quieter and are a good tonic 
 during convalescence from acute diseases like fever. They are good for feeble 
 digestion and are a good nerve sedative. They can be used as a tea or a 
 tincture. The tea is made by using a handful of hops t® a quart of water. 
 The dose of the tea is from 2 to 5 ounces. The smaller dose is to be taken 
 as a tonic and the larger as a sedative. For nervousness take 1 or 3 ounces 
 of the tea 3 times a day. For general infusions use from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls 
 of hops to a pint of water. The dose of the tincture is from 1 to 3 teaspoon- 
 fuls 3 or 4 times a day. They are used externally as a fomentation for ear- 
 ache and pleurisy ; or, they can be placed in a flannel,' moistened with hot 
 whiskey and applied to the painful parts. For earache and toothache it is 
 best to use the fomentation because of the warmth and steam. 
 
 In delirium tremens, hop tea with red pepper quiets the craving for drink 
 and settles the stomach. The following combinations are good for nervousness. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 331 
 
 Take 3 fluid drams of tincture of hops, 2 fluid drams of tincture of capsicum 
 and 2 fluid drams of glycerine. Give a teaspoonful every hour or two. For 
 sleeplessness and nervousness, mix 2 ounces each of tincture of hops, tincture 
 of ammonia, valerian and spirit of nitrosi aetheris. Give 3 tablespoonfuls in 
 water every hour or two. 
 
 Fomentations of hops are best when made with water and vinegar. When 
 hot they are splendid for swellings, pleurisy, rheumatism, appendicitis and 
 wherever anything hot and moist is required. 
 
 HOREHOUND. 
 White Horehound — (Marrubium Vulgare). 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Laxative. * 
 
 Uses. — Coughs, Colds, Lung Troubles. 
 
 Grows along fences and roadsides and to the height of about a foot. The 
 leaves are deeply notchecj, wrinkled and are in pairs on long, thick foot-stalks. 
 Plant has an odor somewhat like musk. Flowers are white. 
 
 Horehound is generally given as a tea or a syrup. It is splendid for 
 coughs, colds and lung troubles. Horehound candy is good for troublesome 
 coughs. 
 
 HORSE CHESTNUT, 
 (.^sculus Hippocastatiuin.) 
 
 Uses. — Piles, Catarrh, Rheumatism, Gangrene, Intermittent Fever. 
 
 This tree is commonly known. A decoction made of the bark is good for 
 gangrene when used as a wash. A decoction made of the nuts is good for 
 rheumatism and piles. For local application an ointment may be made by 
 mixing the powdered nuts with lard and this is a fine remedy for piles. A 
 pinch of the powdered nuts or root, when snufifed up the nostrils every night, 
 is good for catarrh. A decoction made of the bark is good for intermittent 
 fever. Use l^^ ounces of the bark to a pint of water, in making the decoction, 
 and take a wineglassful 3 times a day. The dose of the powder is from % 
 to Yz teaspoonful every 4 hours. 
 
 HORSE-RADISH. 
 (Cochlearia Armoracia.) 
 Action. — Powerful Stimulant. 
 Uses. — Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Dropsy. 
 
 The tea is made by using Vo to 1 ounce of the root to a quart of water. The 
 warm tea is very valuable for neuralgia, rheumatism and dropsy. Horse- 
 radish may be used externally like mustard. ' 
 
 INDIAN TURNIP. 
 Wild Turnip — Wake Robin — Dragon Root — Jack in the Pulpit — (Arum 
 
 Triphyllum). 
 Action. — Expectorant, Stimulant. 
 
 Uses. — Coughs, Colds, Flatulence, Stomach Cramp, Asthma, Consump- 
 tion, Rheumatic Pains, Weakness. 
 
 It has a tuberous root which sends up in the spring a sheath-like leaf 
 which is flattened and bent at the top like a hood. The sheath has within it 
 a fleshy spike of different colored flowers, round at the top and surrounded at 
 the base by stamens. Later comes a bunch of scarlet berries. Indian turnip 
 
332 THE PEOPI^E'S HOME MEDICAL, BOOK. 
 
 grows in swamps, along ditches and in shady places. The root is the only part 
 used. It is acrid, pungeiit and even caustic to the tongue. The fresh roots 
 are too caustic to be used internally. The roots must be dried very quickly 
 or buried in sand or earth as they lose their virtue when exposed. They must 
 be used in substance with milk, honey or molasses as liquor dees not get their 
 strength. Or, the fresh root may be grated or reduced to a pulp with three 
 times its weight of sugar. This may be taken 3 times a day for colds, coughs, 
 etc. Prepared in this way it is also very good for flatulence, cramp in stomach, 
 asthma and consumption. Good for weakness, great prostration in typhoid, 
 deep seated rheumatic pains and pains in the breast. The dose is from 10 to 
 15 grains. 
 
 IRONWOOD, 
 
 (Astrya Virginica.) 
 
 Uses. — Dyspepsia, Scrofula, Neuralgic Affections, Intermittent Fever. 
 
 This tree grows from 10 to 40 feet high. The heart of the tree is very hard 
 
 and is the part used as medicine. A tea made from the chips of the tree is 
 
 good for dyspepsia, scrofula, neuralgic affections and intermittent fever. If 
 
 the fluid extract is used the dose is from I/2 to 1 teaspoonful before each meal. 
 
 JUNIPER. 
 (Juniperus Communis.) 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Dropsy, Urinary Troubles. 
 
 Juniper grows in the U. S. and Europe and attains a height of about four 
 feet. The leaves are long, sharp pointed, of a dark green color and stand three 
 together without foot stalks. It flowers in June. The fruit consists of berries 
 which contain 2 or 3 small seeds. The berries are ripe in August of the second 
 year after the flower. To make the tea use 1 ounce of bruised berries to a pint 
 of boiling water. Take during 24 hours. This is good for dropsy of Bright's 
 disease and general dropsy. An overdose produces pain and suppression of 
 urine. One- half ounce of cream of tartar added to 1 pint of the tea of the 
 bruised berries has a good effect. The following combination is also very 
 good. Take 6 drams of acetate of potash, 1% ounces of compound spirits of 
 juniper berry and 4% ounces of infusion of broom tops. Mix, and take a 
 tablespoonful 3 or 4 times a day to increase the flow of urine. 'In making the 
 infusion of the berries alone take 1 ounce of berries to a pint of water. The 
 dose of this is from 2 to 4 ounces, 3 or 4 times a day. The dose of the fluid 
 extract is from % to 1 dram and of the spirits, from 1 dram to 1 ounce. This 
 remedy is good for urinary troubles, alone or in combination. It increases 
 the flow of urine and renders it milder. 
 
 LADY'S SLIPPER. 
 Valerian — Nerve Root — Moccasin Flower — Yellow Umbel — (Cypridedium). 
 
 Action. — Nervine, Anti-spasmodic, Narcotic. 
 
 Uses. — Nervousness, Hysteria, Spasms, Fits, Sleeplessness, Nervous 
 Headache. 
 
 This plant grows from 1 to 3 feet high and has from 3 to 7 leaves. It is 
 a native of Europe and cultivated in the U. S. The shape of the flower is a 
 singular, hollow, bag-like form, open at the top, and compared by some to a 
 moccasin. The Indians called it " moccasin flovver."' 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 333 
 
 It is a nervine and gives tone to the nervous system. It is good for 
 nervous irritation, hysteria, spasms, fits, sleeplessness, nervous headache and 
 all other forms of nervousness. The roots are the only part used. They 
 should be gathered in the spring before the tops begin to grow much or in the 
 fall after they begin to die. Carefully separate after digging, wash clean and 
 dry in the sun or in a dry airy room ; then pack them away in a dry box or 
 powder them and bottle for use. The dose of the powdered root is from y^ to 
 1 teaspoonful. The decoction is made by using 1 ounce of the root to a quart 
 of boiling water. The dose of the decoction is from % to 1 ounce and may be 
 repeated as often as necessary. The dose of the tincture is from 1 to 2 tea- 
 spoonfuls. 
 
 The following combination is good. Mix 1 ounce each of tincture of com- 
 mon valerian, tincture of hops and sweet spirits of nitre and take 3 teaspoon- 
 fuls in water every hour or two for sick or nervous headache which is not 
 caused by an acid stomach. Take.^/^ ounce each of powdered catnip, skullcap 
 and yellow lady's slipper ; pour on a pint of boiling water and infuse for 15 or 
 20 minutes. The dose is 1 fluid ounce of the warm infusion at once, after which 
 % ounce should be taken every half hour for 3 or 4 hours or until the headache 
 ceases. Use this for 3 or 4 attacks of headache and a permanent cure is often 
 effected. 
 
 LAUREL. 
 
 Mountain Laurel — Spoon-wood — Lambkill — Calico Bush — (Kahnia 
 
 Latifolia) — (Poison). 
 
 Uses. — Ringworm, Itch, Skin Diseases, Catarrh. 
 
 Laurel is a shrub and grows from, 4 to 10 feet high. The leaves have a 
 bitter taste and are evergreen. They are of an oval lance shape and poi) ited 
 at both ends. This shrub has beautiful rose colored flowers which are sc me- 
 what the shape of a cup. It is found growing on hills and mountains. The 
 fresh wood is soft but when dry it is very hard. 
 
 Used externally. For ringworm and similar eruptions an ointment is made 
 of the powdered leaves and lard. For itch and other skin diseases, a good 
 wash is made of the decoction. For catarrh, the powdered leaves are used as 
 a snuff. It is a powerful and dangerous medicine when taken internally. 
 
 LEMON. 
 (Citrus Limonum.) 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic, Antiscorbutic, Stomachic. 
 
 Uses. — Colds, Scurvy, Stomach Troubles, Tan, Etc. 
 
 The lemon is a native of Asia. Small doses of the juice have a stimulating 
 effect upon the stomach and aid digestion. An excellent drink for allaying 
 thirst is made by using the juice of one lemon to a pint of water and sweeten- 
 ing with sugar. Hot lemonade is valuable for producing sweating and break- 
 ing up colds. Lemons are one of the best remedies known for scurvy. By 
 some they are used for rheumatism and malarial fevers. As a wash the juice 
 is good for removing tan from the face and hands. 
 
 LETTUCE. 
 (Lactuca Sativa.) 
 Action. — Sedative, Nervine. 
 
 Uses. — Sleeplessness, Nervous Diseases, Allaying Pain of Rheumatism 
 and Colic, Coughsj piarrhea. 
 
334 THE PEOPLFS HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 When used as a diet, lettuce will be found of value in the treatment of 
 many nervous complaints. It is a sedative in its action and is conducive to 
 sleep. It contains a milky juice which has an odor and taste which is somewhat 
 like opium. Lettuce is good for allaying the pain of colic and of chronic rheu- 
 matism and is also good for coughs and diarrhea. Lactucarium is a prepara- 
 tion made from the juice and the dose is from 3 to 5 grains. 
 
 LILY OF THE VALLEY. 
 (Convallaria Majalis.) 
 
 Action. — Errhine, Cathartic. 
 
 Uses. — Palpitation, Heart Troubles, Urinary Diseases, Dropsy, Bright's 
 Disease. 
 
 Its root is about the size of a quill. The flowers are the part used. They 
 are bell shaped, six lobed, and possess a fragrant odor and a bitter acid taste. 
 
 In small doses it strengthens the heart action. The larger doses lessen the 
 activity of the heart It relieves palpitation and difficult breathing, increases 
 the flow of urine, reduces dropsy and is good for chronic Bright's disease. The 
 following is a good combination for general dropsy from heart and kidney 
 disease. Take lyz drams of fluid extract of lily of the valley, ^^ ounce of 
 bitartriate of potash and enough simple syrup tc make 4 ounces. Take a table- 
 spoonful 3 or 4 times a day. For valvular insufficiency and functional heart 
 disease the following will be found good. Mix 2 drams of fluid extract of lily 
 of the valley with enough syrup of orange peel to make 3 ounces and take 
 from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 3 times a day. In making a tea of the 
 flowers use one part of the flowers to 3 parts of water and take from % to 3 
 ouri ;es 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 LIVERWORT. 
 Noble Liverwort — Liver Leaf — (Hepatica Triloba). 
 Action. — Demulcent, Tonic. 
 Uses. — Liver Troubles, Indigestion. 
 
 The leaves of liverwort live through the winter and they resemble clover 
 leaves. The flowers appear very early in the season and are small and white. 
 They droop at first but spread out as they unfold. 
 
 The plant is used a great deal for liver complaints and indigestion. It- 
 is given as a tea, either warm or cold, and may be drank freely. 
 
 LOBELIA. 
 Indian Tobacco^Wild Tobacco — Poke Weed — Emetic Herb — Asthma 
 Weed — (Lobelia Inflata). 
 Action. — Emetic, Diaphoretic, Expectorant. 
 Uses. — Asthma, Stings, Spasms. 
 
 This plant grows in alsundance by the road and in stubble fields. The 
 first year it throws out a few roundish leaves and the next year it produces the 
 stem, branches and seeds. It has an erect, hairy stem with blue flowers in the 
 axils of the leaves. The capsule out of which the flower grows contains two 
 cells and is very ftill of small black seeds. A powder is made of the seeds. 
 In making lobelia tea use an ounce of the leaves, seeds and pods to a pint of 
 water. The dose of this for asthma is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls every 10 min- 
 utes until the patient is sick at the stomach. The dose of the powder is from 
 1 to 5 grains; 10 to 20 grains act as an emetic. The dose of the tincture is 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 33g 
 
 10 drops every 10 minutes, for asthma, and should be continued until a little 
 nausea is produped. For emetic action it is too severe. Only enough should 
 be given to produce sickness at the stomach. This is a very active remedy and 
 should be given carefully. Poultices of powdered lobelia and slippery elm 
 bark with weak lye water are very good for bites and stings of poisonous 
 insects, spasms and pains of the limbs, and to produce muscular relaxation. 
 
 MANDRAKE. 
 May Apple-^Indian Apple — (Podophyllum Peltatum). 
 
 Action. — Cathartic, Alterative, Cholagogue. 
 
 Uses.— Constipation, Jaundice, Dyspepsia, Liver and Bowel Troubles, 
 Sick Headache. 
 
 This plant grows in the U. S. and Canada. It branches into 3 stems, each 
 bearing on its top two large umbrella-like leaves. The flowers are yellowish 
 '>nd produce a large fruit which is called yellow may apple and is somewhat 
 dke a lime in appearance. It grows on uplands and in meadows and woods., 
 The root is sometimes as large as the little finger. 
 
 It is good for constipation. As a cathartic, give from 5 to 20 grains of the 
 powdered root. It is slow in action. In chronic cases, as an alterative, give 
 from 1 to 3 grains twice a day. The dose of mandrake bought in drug stores 
 is from % to 1 grain and should be given at night. It is also good in jaundice 
 and dyspepsia which are dependent upon a deficient secretion of the liver and 
 bowel glands. For these use small doses ; 1 grain of the powdered root or 
 1/2 grain of the resin 3 or 4 times a day. This remedy relieves si^ic headache 
 which is associated with loose and dark colored stools. The dose of the resin 
 is Vs grain night and morning; of the powder, 1 grain every 2 hours for a 
 few days ; and of the fluid extract, from 1 to 30 drops. 
 
 MARIGOLD. 
 (Calendula OfHcinalis.) 
 
 Uses. — Cuts, Wounds, Sprains. 
 
 It is hard to make an infusion from this plant and it is better to- get the 
 medicine from a homeopathic pharmacy. 
 
 It is the best remedy known for cuts and wounds in either man or beast. 
 It may be applied full strength after first thoroughly cleansing the wound. 
 Saturate clean linen cloth, put on the cut and tie. Re-dress as necessary. It is 
 good in combination with arnica for sprains but is better for cuts and torn 
 wounds. Every family should keep calendula water and tincture in the home. 
 An infusion may be made by using about 2 ounces of the leaves and flowers to 
 a pint of boiling water. This is for external use only. 
 
 MARSHMALLOW. 
 Mortification Root — (Althaea Officinalis). 
 Action. — Demulcent. 
 
 Uses. — Mortification, Inflammatory Swellings, Cankered Mouth, Sore 
 Throat, Hoarseness, Catarrh, Gonorrhea, Bladder Troubles. 
 
 Grows in the U. S. along the banks of rivers and in marshy places. Has 
 smooth, downy, heart shaped leaves and large, single, light rose colored 
 ilowers with beautiful tracery of a bluish color. 
 
 It is used to prevent mortification fgangrene) when threatened. It is also 
 
336 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 applied to inflammatory swellings. Bruise the root after it is cut into small 
 pieces and boil in milk. Slippery elm may be added if desired. Apply warm 
 and renew often. For the infusion use from V^ to 1 ounce of the root to a 
 quart of water and boil down to a pint. It is good when applied locally for 
 cankered mouth and as a gargle for sore throat. The syrup is good for coughs 
 when used freely. It is also good for hoarseness, catarrh, gonorrhea and irri- 
 tated bladder with painful urination. It is also used externally as a poultice. 
 
 MILK WEED. 
 Silk Weed — (Asclepias Cornuti). 
 
 Uses.— Dropsy, Catarrh, Rheumatism, Sores, Gravel, Retention ci Urine, 
 Coughs, Asthma, Scrofula. 
 
 Bears purplish-white flowers in July and August. Gives out a milky juice 
 when bruised. This is a well known plant which is very common in the U. S. 
 It is valuable for dropsy, catarrh, rheumatism and sores. For the decoction, 
 boil from 4 to 8 ounces of the dried root in 6 quarts of rain water. Take from 
 3 to 4 ounces at a dose 4 times a day for dropsy and rheumatic afifections. 
 
 When the green plant is bruised and applied locally it is good for sores 
 and ulcers. The roots put into gin may be used for dropsy and gravel. Good 
 for retention of urine, coughs, asthma, scrofula and rheumatism. The dose 
 of the powder is from 10 to 30 grains ; of the decoction, from 3 to 4 ounces and 
 of the tincture, from 10 to 60 drops. 
 
 MOTHERWORT, 
 (Leonurus Cardiaca.) 
 
 Action. — Anti-spasmodic, Diaphoretic. 
 
 Uses. — Menstrual troubles. Hysteria, Sweating. 
 
 This valuable plant grows in the U. S. and has a strong, hard, square, 
 brownish stalk from 3 to 4 feet high which spreads into many branches. The 
 leaves are broad and long and notched about the edge and there are two at 
 each joint. From the middle of the branches to the tops the flowers grow 
 round about them in sharp, pointed, rough, prickly husks or burrs of a red or 
 purple color. Grows in fields and pastures and flowers from M^y to September. 
 
 It is an excellent anti-spasmodic and is good for monthly sickness and as 
 a cordial for sweating. The dose of the powder is a tablespoonful. The tea is 
 made by using 2 ounces to a quart of water and it may be drank freely and 
 often. The decoction should be boiled from a quart down to a pint. The 
 dose of the decoction is from 1 to 3 tablespoon fuls every 1 to 3 hours. It is 
 used for menstrual troubles where there is much pain. Also used for hysteria, 
 and for sweating. 
 
 MULLEIN. 
 (Verbascum Thapsus.) 
 
 Action. — Emollient. 
 
 Uses. — Earache, Diarrhea, Painful Urination, Piles, Scalds, Wounds. 
 Sprains, Swellings, Ulcers, Lumps, Sore Throat, Tonsilitis, Mumps, Sore Eyes. 
 
 The warm oil is splendid for earache. Drop into the ear and insert cotton. 
 The tea is made by boiling 4 ounces of fresh, or 6 ounces of dry leaves, in a pint 
 of fresh milk for 10 minutes. Drink this quantity 3 times a day for coughs, 
 dysentery or piles. Also good for diarrhea and pamful passing of urine. Good 
 wash for piles and scalds and for wounds in cattle. , A poultice of the pulp and 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 337 
 
 leaves is good for sprains and swellings. The leaves boiled in vinegar and 
 water are good for sores and ulcers. Weak mullein tea is good for weak 
 and sore eyes. Fomentations of the leaves are good for external piles, ulcers 
 and lumps. The leaves infused in hot vinegar or water are very good when 
 applied to the throat for sore throat, tonsilitis and mumps. The flowers placed 
 in a tightly corked bottle and exposed to the sun's action are said to yield a 
 fine relaxing oil. 
 
 MUSTARD. 
 White Mustard and Black Mustard — (Sinapis Nigra and Sinapis Alba). 
 
 Action. — Emetic, Irritant, Stimulant, Epispastic, Rubefacient. 
 
 Uses. — Liver and Stomach Troubles, Neuralgia, Headache, Sleeplessness, 
 Amenorrhea, Lumbago, Colic, Croup, Sciatica. 
 
 This is a warm stimulating medicine when something is needed to liven 
 the stomach. A poultice made with mustard alone or with horseradish leaves 
 mixed with vinegar, bread crumbs and white of eggs, makes a fine application 
 for neuralgia. Do not let it stay on long enough to blister biit just to redden 
 the parts. This is good whenever it is desired to draw the blood to the surface 
 or away from the congested parts as in convulsions and lung troubles. This 
 is also especially good on the back of the neck for headache and neuralgia. 
 Never put it on the feet, or at least not for a very long time or you will have 
 a long resting spell as you will be unable_to walk. Mustard may be used in 
 water, though, as a foot bath when it is ciesired to draw the blood from the 
 brain in case of sleeplessness, amenorrhea or headache. A handful of ground 
 mustard is the amount to be added to the bath. Poultices and plasters should 
 remain on from 10 to 15 minutes only. Mustard water is used as an emetic for 
 poisoning. Mustard leaves may be bought at the drug store and are splendid 
 for neuralgia, headache, lumbago, colic, croup, sciatica, etc. Dampen them 
 with cold water before applying. They are better than the poultice and should 
 be kept on for from 5 to 10 minutes. The dose of mustard as an emetic is 
 from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls in 6 to 8 ounces of warm water. Mustard applied 
 locally is good for pains almost anywhere. 
 
 NETTLE. 
 Great Stinging Nettle — (Urtica Dioica) — (Urtica Hispida). 
 
 Action. — Astringent, Tonic, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Diarrhea, Dysentery, Piles, Scurvy, Gravel, Kidney Troubles, 
 Bowel Troubles, Bleeding. 
 
 Use the roots or leaves. The plant is a dull green and armed with very 
 small rigid hairs or prickles. The stem is from 3 to 4 feet high. The flowers 
 are green and in branching, clustered, axillary, interrupted spikes. The plant 
 is common in Europe and the U. S. It grows in waste places and flowers from 
 June to September. A decoction of the plant, made by using 1 ounce of the 
 plant to a pint of water, when strongly salted, will coagulate milk as readily 
 as rennet without imparting to it any unpleasant flavor. 
 
 It is astringent, tonic and diuretic. It is valuable in diarrhea, dysentery, 
 piles, scurvy and in gravel and other kidney troubles. A strong syrup of the ^ 
 root of the nettle combined with wild cherry and blackberry root is excellent* 
 for all summer complaints of children and bowel afifections of grown people. 
 The leaves, when applied to bleeding surfaces, are good to stop the flow of 
 blood. The dose of the powdered root or leaves is from 80 to 40 grains and 
 of the decoction, from 2 to 4 fluid ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
338 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 ONION. 
 (Allium Cepa.) 
 
 Action. — Expectorant, Sedative,' Stimulant, Diuretic, Rubefacient. 
 
 Uses. — Croup, Laryngitis, Earache, Coughs, Bronchitis, Eczema, Inflam- 
 mations. 
 
 The action of onion as an expectorant is similar to the action of garlic 
 but onions are not so strong and are pleasanter to take. They are also used 
 as poultices. In large doses they cause stomach uneasiness and flatulence. 
 When used as a poultice they are very fine for croup, laryngitis and earache. 
 Added to sugar and water they are good as a cough syrup. Boiled Spanish 
 onion eaten at night is an excellent laxative. Raw onion applied locally is 
 very good for inflammations and especially if a little salt is added. Onion 
 syrup is good for chronic bronchitis. For chronic eczema the following is 
 good. Take equal parts of syrup of Spanish onion and syr. phosphate com- 
 pound. Give 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls in water or milk 3 or 4 times a day. Milk 
 helps to take away the smell after eating. 
 
 PARSLEY. 
 Rock Parsely — (Petroselinum). 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Aperient. 
 
 Uses. — Female Troubles, Urinary Troubles, Gonorrhea, Dropsy, Vermin, 
 Swollen Breasts, Enlarged Glands, Bruises, Bites and Stings. 
 
 This is a very common plant, about 2 feet high and bearing small yellow 
 flowers. A poultice is made from the bruised leaves. The fresh root is "best 
 for the tea. The tea is made by using an ounce of the root to a pint of water 
 and the dose is from % to 2 ounces taken hot. It is good for amenorrhea, or 
 no menses, and dysmenorrhea, or painful menses. It is also good as a diuretic 
 in dropsy, retention of urine and painful urination and is also good for gonor- 
 rhea. The dose is % ounce every 2 to 4 hours. It is good for dropsy follow- 
 ing scarlet fever and other eruptive diseases. The seeds and leaves sprinkled 
 on the hair will destroy vermin. Fomentations of the leaves are applied for 
 bites and stings of insects. The bruised leaves are good for bruises, swollen 
 breasts and enlarged glands. The dose of the oil as a diuretic is 5 drops 3 or 
 4 times a day. The tea is made by using an ounce of parsley to a pint of 
 water. The dose is from 2 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 PARTRIDGE BERRY. 
 Squaw Wine — Checker Berry — Winter Clover. 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Alterative. 
 
 Uses. — Womb Troubles, Painful Labor, Sore Nipples, Dropsy, Sup- 
 pression of Urine, Diarrhea. 
 
 This is an indigenous evergreen herb with a perennial root from which 
 arises a smooth and creeping stem. The stem is furnished with rounded, ovate, 
 or slightly heart shaped, dark green, shining leaves usually variegated with 
 whitish lines. It is somewhat like clover and bears one flower and one white- 
 winged red berry in a place. It is indigenous to the U. S., growing in dry 
 woods among hemlock timber and in swampy places. Flowers in June and 
 July. The whole plant is used. 
 
 The Indian women drank a tea made of this plant for weeks before labor 
 to make it easier. It seems to have a special action on the womb. Tonic and 
 alterative. A strone decoction is made by usinsr 3 ounces of the plant to a 
 
COMMON HERBS USED AS MEDICINES. 
 
 Liverwort or Hepatica. 
 
 Used for Liver Troubles, Indi- 
 gestion, etc. 
 
 Beth Root or Nodding Wake-Robin. 
 
 Used for Female Troubles, Diar- 
 rhea, Dysentery, Tumors, Ulcers, 
 Carbuncles, Bleeding, etc. 
 
 Black Cohosh or Squaw Root. 
 
 Used for Female Troubles, Asth- 
 ma, Nervous Excitement, Epilepsy, 
 Convulsions, Whooping Cough, 
 Rheumatism, etc. 
 
 "Lobelia or Indian Tobacco. 
 
 Used for Asthma, Stings, Spasms, 
 and as an Emetic for Croup, etc. 
 
 Pennyroyal. 
 
 Used for Suppressed Menses, 
 Whooping Cough, Colds, Colic, 
 
 Etc. 
 
 Poison Hemlock. 
 
 .Used for Rheumatism, Lumbago, 
 Sciatica, Piles, Sore Throat, Leu- 
 corrhea. Falling of Womb and 
 Menstrual Troubles. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 339 
 
 pint of water. The dose is 2 or 3 ounces 2 or 3 times a day. It is also good 
 for dropsy, suppression of urine and diarrhea. For sore nipples take 2 ounces 
 of the herb, fresh if possible, and make a strong decoction with a pint of boil- 
 ing water. Strain and add as much cream as there is liquid in the decoction 
 and boil the whole down to the consistency of a soft salve and when cool 
 anoint the nipples after each nursing. 
 
 PEACH TREE. 
 (Amygdalus Persica.) — (Pruiius Persica.) 
 
 Action. — ^Tonic, Vermifuge, Laxative, Sedative. 
 
 Uses. — Constipation, Worms, Urinary Troubles, Debility, Leucorrhea. 
 
 The dried fruit stewed with sugar is good for constipation. A cordial or 
 tincture may be made of peach pits. It is a tonic and is also good for worms. 
 Take a handful of the leaven and blossoms or the blossoms alone, steep in 1 
 pint of boiling water aid give freely and repeatedly in small doses of from y^ 
 to y^ teaspoonfuls and follow with a purge. This usually brings the worms 
 away from children. It is also good for urinary obstructions. Peach pits 
 tinctured in brandy in the proportion of 4 ounces of pits to a quart of brandy 
 form a powerful tonic in all cases of debility. It is also good for leucorrhea. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful 3 times a day. 
 
 PENNYROYAL. 
 (Hedeoma Pulegioides.) 
 
 Action. — Carminative, Resolvent, Anti-spasmodic, Emmenagogue, Dia- 
 phoretic, Expectorant. 
 
 Uses. — Female Complaints, Whooping Cough, Colds, Colic. 
 
 Has small, fibrous, yellowish, annual root; upright stem with slender 
 erect branches; leaves, small, rough and oblong and pale beneath; and small, 
 white flowers, with purple edges, along branches. 
 
 Its action is carminative, resolvent, chest sweater, anti-spasmodic and 
 stimulant to the menses. It is very good for female complaints such as sup- 
 pressed menses, hysterics, etc. It is then given as a sweetened hot tea and 
 fomentations are used over the womb. It promotes expectoration in whoop- 
 ing cough and it is good for pains in the hips and few menses. Good for colds 
 and colic in children and warms the stomach and causes sweating. Make a 
 strong hot tea and take it frequently. Do not use oil of pennyroyal as it is 
 dangerous when used to bring on the menses. Pennyroyal is a protection 
 against mosquitoes. Place the fresh herbs around the room and bathe the 
 hands and face with the tea. 
 
 PEPPERMINT. 
 (Mentha Piperita.) 
 
 Action.^-Carminative, Aromatic, Stimulant. 
 
 Uses.— Nausea and Vomiting, Hysterics, Colic. 
 
 Very com.mon in wet lands. It is hot i nd pungent and the strongest of 
 all mints. Has a well-known odor. 
 
 It is useful to check nausea and vomiting, to relieve hysterics and to 
 prevent the griping effects of cathartics. Much used for colic in children. 
 Bruised and applied externally to the stomachs of children it is good to 
 allay sickness and vomiting. The tea is made by using an ounce of the 
 herb to a quart of boiling water. The dose is from 1 dram to 1 ounce and may 
 
340 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 be taken frequently. The dose of essence for an adult is from 5 to 60 drops 
 in hot sweetened water. The dose of oil of peppermint is from 1 to 5 drops 
 in hot water. 
 
 PINK ROOT. 
 (Spigelia.) 
 
 Action. — Vermifuge. i 
 
 Uses. — Worms. 
 
 This is good in combination with senna for round worms. (Pink and 
 Senna.) The following combination is also good for worms. Take % ounce 
 of pink root, 2 drams of senna, 2 drams of fennel seed, 1 ounce of manna 
 and a pint of boiling water. The dose for a child is from 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls 
 and for an adult from 1 to 3 wineglassfuls. The dose of powdered pink root 
 for a 3-year-old child is from 10 to 20 grains and the dose of strong pink root 
 tea is from 1 to 3 ounces at bed time. This should be followed in the 
 morning by a cathartic. 
 
 PLANTAIN. 
 Large Plantain — Round Leaved Plantain — (Plantago Major). 
 Uses. — Bleeding, Ivy Poisoning, Burns, Scalds, Bruises, Erysipelas, 
 Toothache ; Bites of Insects, Spiders and Snakes. 
 
 The fresh leaves ground to a paste in a mortar and applied to wounds 
 will check bleeding. Good, also, for ivy poisoning, burns, scalds, bruises 
 and even erysipelas. For toothache apply the bruised leaves of the cheek and 
 the paste to the tooth. The juice taken internally, 1 ounce every hour* 
 and also applied to the wound is good for bites of insects, spiders and snakes. 
 
 PLEURISY ROOT. 
 Butterfly Weed — White Root — Orange Swallowwort — (Asclepias Tuberosa). 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic, Expectorant. 
 
 Uses. — Pleurisy, Colds, Acute Rheumatism, Diarrhea, Dysentery,. 
 Measles. 
 
 Generally grows in poor soil. The root is large, fleshy, whitish, and 
 when dried is brittle. The stems are round, hairy and green or red. The 
 leaves are very hairy and pale beneath. The flowers are of a bright orange 
 color. The seeds are in the long, slender pods to which is attached a kind 
 of silk. It is uS'ed as a tea and a powder. The dose of the powder is from % 
 to ^ teaspoonful 3 times a day. 
 
 For pleurisy, use the tea. It is made with 1 ounce of root to a pint of 
 water. The regular dose is from 1 to 2 ounces. Give Y^ ounce every 2 hours 
 for pleurisy, colds and acute rheumatism. Good as a sweater and to bring 
 , out the eruption of measles, etc. The dose of the tincture is from % to 1 
 ' drain. Pleurisy root is good for diarrhea and dysentery, either as a tea or 
 tincture. A good combination is made by taking 2 ounces of pleurisy root,. 
 1 ounce of brandy and 3 ounces of syrup of raspberry. The dose is from 1. 
 to 4 drams every hour or two for diarrhea and dysentery. 
 
 POKE ROOT. 
 Poke Weed — Pigeon Berry — Garget — Coakum — (Phytolacca Decandra). 
 Uses. — Caked Breasts, Absce?s of Breasts, Sore Throat, Tohsilitis^ 
 Chronic Skin Diseases, Chronic Rheumatism, Syphilis. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT, 341 
 
 This plant is commonly known. Nearly every child has made ink of 
 the berries and a description is not necessary. The root should be feathered 
 late in the fall. Put the leaves into boiling water to extract the medicinal 
 qualities. Can make a tincture of this and the root. It is very cheap and 
 it is best to buy either the tincture or fluid extract for external use. 
 
 It is excellent for caked breasts. Make and apply a poultice of the root 
 and it is welC at the same time to take either the tincture or the fluid ex- 
 tract internally. The dose of the fluid extract is 2 drops every hour or two 
 and the dose of the tincture is 5 drops every hour or two. It is very good 
 for sore throat, tonsilitis, chronic skin diseases and abscess of the breast. 
 A tea may be made and used instead of the tincture or fluid extract. In 
 chronic diseases the dose of the fluid extract is fi'om 5 to 30 drops ; of the tinc- 
 ture, from 10 to 60 drops and of the powder from 1 to 5 grains. These doses 
 should be taken 4 times a day. It is good for syphilis and chronic rheumatism 
 when in combination with other blood remedies such as iodide of potash. 
 Use 8 grains of iodide of potash to each fluid ounce of poke root syrup. 
 
 PRICKLY ASH. 
 Yellow Wood — Toothache Tree — (Xanthoxylum Fraxineum). 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Tonic, Alterative. 
 
 Uses.-v-Chronic Rheumatism, Colic, Syphilis, Liver Troubles, Blood 
 Diseases. 
 
 Grows from 10 to 12 feet high. The branches are covered with prickles ; 
 leaves are alternate and pinnate; flowers are near the origin of the young 
 branches and are small and greenish and appear before the leaves and each 
 fruitful flower is followed by capsules. The capsules are oval and covered 
 with excavated dots, varying from green to red, two valved and one seeded. 
 The seeds are oval and blackish. Grows in Canada and the United States. 
 Flowers in April and May. 
 
 It is a stimulant, tonic and alterative. Useful in chronic rheumatism, 
 colic, syphilis and liver troubles. Combined with blue flag and mandrake, 
 it is good for scrofulous, syphilitic and other blood diseases when given fre- 
 quently and in small doses. The dose of the powder is from 5 to 10 grains 
 a day. This is a very good blood remedy and especially when in combina- 
 tion with poke root, burdock, red clover, blue flag, mandrake, etc. 
 
 PUMPKIN SEED. 
 (Pepo.) 
 
 Uses. — Tape Worms, Suppression of Urine. 
 
 For tape worms eat a lot of the shelled seeds at night. Follow in the 
 morning with rochelle salts and castor oil. The following is a good combina- 
 tion. Take 1 dram of oleoresin aspidium, 10 drops of chloroform and 13 
 ounces of emulsion of pumpkin seeds. Divide this amount into 3 doses 
 to be taken an hour apart and followed by rochelle salts an »hour later. 
 The seeds can be crushed and beaten into a paste with milk and sugar and 
 then strained ; or, water and milk may be used. Fast, clean out the bowels, 
 and* then take at night and follow in the morning with castor oil or rochelle 
 salts. Pumpkin seeds are one of the very best remedies known for expelling 
 tape worms. They are also good for suppression of the urine. Pumpkin 
 eeed tea is very good for either children or adults. Adults can eat the shelled 
 seeds. 
 
343 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 QUEEN OF THE MEADOW. 
 Purple Boneset — Joe Pye Weed — Gravel Root — (Eupatorium Purpureum). 
 
 Action. — Resolvent, Tonic, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Gravel, Stone Colic, Dropsical Affections, Urinary Troubles. 
 
 This medicine was frequently used by the Indians for gravel and jstone 
 colic. The plant is herbaceous with a perennial, horizontal, woody candex 
 with many long, dark brown fingers which send up one or more solid, green, 
 sometimes purplish, stems, 5 to 6 feet high with a purple band about an inch 
 broad at their joints. The leaves are feather veined and from 3 to 6 in a 
 whorl and about 6 inches apart. They are from 8 to 10 inches long and 4 
 to 5 inches wide and are thin. The flowers are purplish white with purple 
 stems. Grows in swamps and low grounds from Canada to Virginia and 
 flowers in August and September. The root is the part used. 
 
 It is slightly tonic. Splendid in dropsical eft'ections, difficult and painful 
 prination, chronic urinary trouble, gravel and stone in bladder, stone colic, 
 etc. For the decoction use an ounce of the root to a pint of water. The dose 
 is from 2 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. The dose of the tincture is from 5 
 to 20 drops. This is an excellent remedy. 
 
 QUEEN'S DELIGHT. 
 Queen's Root — Yaw Root— (Stillingia). 
 
 Action. — Emetic, Cathartic, Alterative. 
 
 Uses. — Blood Diseases, Syphilis, Scrofula, Piles, Liver Troubles, Jaun- 
 dice, Constipation, Dropsy. 
 
 Usually grows in dry and open woods in Europe and the United States. 
 Has a large, thick, woody root and a light-colored stem and grows from 
 3 to 3 feet high. The leaves are oblong, taper somewhat at both ends and 
 are bordered with very small teeth. Bears a spike of yellow flowers. Plant,' 
 when broken, discharges a milky juice. 
 
 The bark of the fresh root is a great blood remedy. Is good for syphilis, 
 scrofula, piles and liver disorders such as jaundice and constipation from 
 torpid liver. It is good in the first stages of hardened liver and its result, 
 dropsy of the bowel. Good in combination with other plants and iodide of 
 potash, for blood diseases. The following is a good combination. Take 11/^ 
 ounces of tincture of stillingia, 1 ounce of poke root, 1 dram of nux vomica 
 and 5 ounces of prickly ash. Give 2 teaspoonfuls in water 3 or 4 times a day 
 for syphilis and scrofula. For the decoction use 1 ounce to a quart of boil- 
 ing water. The dose is from 1 to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. In decoction 
 it should be taken for a long time for blood diseases. 
 
 ROOT PARSLEY. 
 (Apium Petroselinum). 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Aperient. 
 
 Uses. — Dropsy, Kidney Troubles, Urinary Troubles, Gonorrhea, Vermin 
 Bites and Stings, Contusions, Swelled Breasts, Enlarged Glands. 
 
 Native of Europe but is cultivated in gardens. The whole plant haS an 
 aromatic odor and the leaves are used for culinary purposes. Rises about 
 3 feet and bears small yellow flowers. The root is the best and should be 
 gathered and used fresh. 
 
 It is a diuretic and acts upon the kidneys. It is very useful in dropsy 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 343 
 
 following scarlet fever and other eruptive diseases. It is also gfood for 
 retention of water, painful urination and gonorrhea. The seeds and leaves 
 powdered and sprinkled on the hair, or used as an ointment, will destroy 
 vermin. The leaves when applied as a fomentation aid in curing bites and 
 stings of insects. When bruised they are good applied to contusions, swelled 
 breasts and enlarged glands. The tea is made by using 1 ounce to a pint 
 of water. The dose is from 3 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. The seeds are 
 rather poisonous. 
 
 RED CLOVER. 
 (Trifolium Pratense.) 
 
 Uses. — Blood Diseases, Whooping Cough^ Scrofula, Syphilis, Chronic 
 Rheumatism, Skin Diseases, Ulcers. 
 
 A description is not needed. For the tea use a handful of clover tops 
 to a pint of water and give 1 or 3 drams at a dose. Taken frequently it is 
 good for whooping cough. Taken alone or in combination it is also good 
 for blood diseases such as scrofula, syphilis, chronic rheumatism and skin 
 diseases A syrup is also made and used internally. May be taken freely. 
 Good for sores and ulcers when freely applied. Often used in combination 
 with other blood remedies. The following is a good plaster for ulcers. Take 
 4 pounds of red clover blossoms and 1 pound of the roots, or roots and tops, of 
 narrow dock. Boil in water until the strength is out, then separate the 
 clover and dock from the liquid, carefully pressing out all the juice, and 
 return it to the kettle and continue the boiling, using the utmost care to 
 prevent burning, until reduced to a salve or paste. 
 
 RHUBARB. 
 (Rheum.) 
 
 Action. — Astringent, Cathartic, Tonic. 
 
 Uses. — Bowel Complaints. 
 
 Scorch, or rather roast, but not burn, some powdered rhubarb and put 
 1 ounce into a pint of brandy or blackberry wine with enough essence of 
 cinnamon to give it a good flavor and then sweeten with loaf sugar. A tea- 
 spoonful or more for children is a very good remedy in bowel complaints. 
 Spiced syrup of rhubarb is also an excellent remedy for bowel troubles in 
 children and is pleasant to take. The dose is from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 SAFFRON. 
 True Saffron — Spanish Saffron — (Crocus Sativus). 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Emmenagogue. 
 
 Uses. — Chlorosis, Hysteria, Spasms, Stomach Troubles, Eruptive Dis- 
 eases, Menstrual Troubles. 
 
 The root is a small bulb upon a larger root with a great number of fibres 
 growing from the bas^e. Four or five grassy leaves about 5 inches long rise 
 from the root and from this root there arises a stalk about 4 inches high bear- 
 ing a single flower resembling a crocus. The leaves are long, grassy, and of 
 a dark green color. The flowers are the part used. 
 
 Saffron tea made from the flowers is good to bring out the eruption 
 of measles, scarlet fever and other eruptive diseases. It is also good for the 
 pains in the back accompanying menstruation. Good for hysteria, chlorosis 
 
344 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 and to increase the flow of urine. Gives tone to the stomach and, is also 
 good for spasms. 
 
 SAGE. 
 (Salvia.) 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Astringent, Stimulant, Condiment. 
 
 Uses. — Summer Complaints, Worms, Colds, Sore Mouth, Sore Throat. 
 Night Sweats. 
 
 The tea is made by using from 4 to 8 ounces of sage to a pint of boiling 
 water and the dose is from 1 ounce to a wineglassful. It is a tonic, astrin- 
 gent and stimulant. Good for summer complaints and worms in children. Fc^ 
 colds r't should be taken hot and freely. Good for checking the night sweats 
 of tuberculosis. The following is the combined sage gargle. Take 4 ounces 
 of alum, 1 ounce of sage, 2 fluid ounces of strained honey and 1 pint of 
 boiling water. It is used locally for sore mouth or it may be diluted with 
 water and used as a gargle for sore throat. Sage, honey and borax is 
 also good for sore mouth. Sage and honey are good for sore throat. Make 
 it strong enough to suit the taste. Sage tea alone is good as a gargle for 
 sore mouth and throat or it may be combined with vinegar and pepper. Use 
 from ^ to 1 ounce of sage to a pint of vinegar and a pinch of pepper. 
 
 SARSAPARILLA. 
 (Aralia Nudicaulis.) 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Tonic, Diaphoretic. 
 
 Uses. — Chronic Rheumatism, Blood Diseases, Syphilis, Scrofula, Chronic 
 Skin Diseases. 
 
 Found in abundance along the Ohio River. The best is imported and 
 can be bought at drug stores. The root is the part used. 
 
 It is good for chronic rheumatism, syphilis, scrofula and chronic, skin 
 diseases. It is excellent to cleanse the blood; It is especially good in com- 
 bination. The following is the compound decoction of sarsaparilla. Take 10 
 parts of sarsaparilla, 2 parts sassafras, 2 parts guaiac wood, 2 parts of licorice 
 root, 1 part of leatherwood and 83 parts of water. The dose is from 1 to 
 4 ounces. It is also good in combination with iodide of potash. Take % 
 oimce of compound syrup of iodide of potash, 3 ounces of syrup of sar- 
 saparilla compound and 3 ounces of distilled water. Give % ounce in a glass 
 of water two hours after meals for syphilitic skin affections. 
 
 SASSAFRAS. 
 (Laurus Sassafras.) 
 
 Action. — Mucilaginous, Sudorific, Stimulant, Astringent, Aromatic. 
 
 Uses. — Rheumatism, Kidney Troubles, Corrosive Poisons, Old Sores, 
 Inflammation of the Eyes, Eruptive Diseases. 
 
 The wood, root and bark are used. Use 1 ounce of sassafras to a pint 
 of water in making sassafras tea. The dose is from 2 drams to an ounce. 
 The dose of oil of sassafras is from 1 to 4 drops. The tea is good for rheu- 
 mithm. It should be used hot and should be taken for a long time. Also 
 good for kidney troubles. The tea is a good mucilaginous or soothing 
 drink to be used after corrosive poisoning. Use 2 parts of sassafras eo 100 
 parts of water and drink freely. Take the pith of the wood and make a salve 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 345 
 
 for old sores. A good wash for inflamed eyes is also made from the pith. 
 Hot sassafras tea is good to bring out the eruption of eruptive diseases. 
 
 SCOURING RUSH. 
 Shave Grass — Horse-tail — (Equisetum Hyemale). 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Dropsy, Gravel, Urinary Troubles, Kidney Diseases, Gonorrhea, 
 Gleet, Acid Dyspepsia. 
 
 This is a perennial plant with simple, stout, erect, jointed and hollow 
 stems growing from 2 to 3 feet high, each stem bearing a terminal ovoid 
 spike. Frequently 2 or more stems are united at 'the base to the same root. 
 The fruit is arranged in whorls. From 4 to 7 spiral filaments surround the 
 spores, which resemble green globules, and roll up closely around them when 
 moist and uncoil when dry. Grows in the northern and western parts of 
 the United States on wet grounds and matures in June and July. 
 
 It is diuretic and astringent. The tea drank freely has been found 
 useful in dropsy, suppression of urine, blood in urine, gravel and kidney 
 diseases. It is also good for gonorrhea and gleet. The ashes of the plant 
 are good for acid dyspepsia. The dose of pulverized ashes is from 3 to 10 
 grains 3 or 4 times a day. For the tea use an ounce to a pint of water. 
 The dose is from 1 to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 SENECA SNAKE ROOT. 
 Milkwort — Mountain Flax — (Polygala Senega). 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Diuretic, Expectorant, Emetic, Purgative. 
 
 Uses. — Snake Bites, Coughs, Pleurisy, Asthma, Cramps, Croup, Female 
 Obstructions. 
 
 The root is firm, hard, branching, crooked and woody. There are many 
 stems and they are smooth and occasionally tinged with red. Grows from 
 8 to 13 inches high. The leaves are numerous and alternate or scattered. 
 They are long, narrow and bright green on the upper and pale on the under 
 side. The flowers are white and in a close terminal spike. The spike opens 
 gradually, so that the lower ones are in fruit while the upper ones are in 
 bloom. Grows in the northern parts of the United States on the sides of 
 hills and in dry woods. 
 
 Was considered by the Indians an antidote for snake bites. It is stimu- 
 lant, diuretic, expectorant, emetic, purgative. Is good for coughs, pleurisy, 
 asthma, cramps, and female obstructions. It is used as a tea, powder or syrup. 
 The dose of the powdered root is from 10 to 20 grains every 3 hours. For 
 croup of children use a decoction made by using an ounce of the root to 
 a pint of boiling water. The dose is a teaspoonful every half hour until it 
 acts as an emetic and cathartic. The dose of the tea for adults is from % 
 to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day for the above troubles. 
 
 SENNA. 
 
 Action. — Purgative. 
 
 Uses. — Constipation. 
 
 Senna increases the action of the bowels and causes free elimination. 
 It has some action on the liver also. It is used in the form of a tea made 
 from the leaves. Senna is one of the ingredients of Rocky Mountain Tea, 
 
346 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Lane's Tea, Garfield Tea and Syrup of Figs. Senna is frequently used in 
 combination with other remedies. It is a safe and sure cathartic but some- 
 times causes griping pains and sickness at the stomach when used alone. 
 
 SHEEP SORREL. 
 (Rumex Acetosa.) 
 
 Action. — Refrigerant. 
 
 Uses. — Tumors, Ulcers, Old Sores, Cancers, Inflammations. 
 
 This plant is too common to need description. To make a poultice wrap 
 the leaves and roast them and apply to tumors and inflammations. It will 
 hasten the healing. The following is also good. Take sheep sorrel, bruise 
 and press out the juice, place it on plates and dry in the sun until of the 
 proper consistency for a plaster. Apply on white paper or a soft piece of 
 bladder to old sores, ulcers or cancers. Renew occasionally. If it proves 
 too painful it may be left oflf at night. This is also good for old sores on 
 stock. 
 
 SKULLCAP. 
 Mad Weed — Hoodwort — Blue Pimpemal — (Scutellaria). 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic, Tonic, Nervine. 
 
 Uses. — St. Vitus' Dance, Convulsions, Twitchings, Teething, Tremors, 
 Restlessless in Young Girls, Delirium Tremens. 
 
 This plant is found growing near water in the United States. It haSj, 
 very little smell and a slightly bitter taste. The root is yellow and fibrous. 
 The stem grows from 1 to 3 feet high. The flowers are of a pale blue color 
 and grow in long spikes. A strong tea is made with 1 ounce of the plant 
 to a pint of water and the dose is from l^ ounce to an ounce 3 or 4 times a 
 <lay. It is good for St. Vitus' dance, convulsions, twitchings, teething, tremors 
 and also for restlessness in young girls. The dose of the fluid extract is 
 from l^ to 1 dram. The infusion drank freely quiets delirium tremens. The 
 warm tea keeps the skin moist and the cold tea has a tonic action. 
 
 . SKUNK CABBAGE. 
 Meadow Cabbage — Swamp Cabbage — Fetid Hellebore — (Dracontium 
 
 Foetidum). 
 
 Action. — Emetic, Stimulant, Antispasmodic, Narcotic. 
 
 Uses. — Asthma, Chorea, Coughs, Catarrhs, Chronic Bronchitis. 
 
 Grows in boggy woods and swamps in the United States. The flowers 
 are among the first that appear in the spring. It is stemless and looks 
 somewhat like a cabbage. Good for asthma, chorea, coughs, catarrhs and 
 chronic bronchitis. The dose of the powdered root is from 3 to 10 grains 
 4 times a day. Large doses produce nausea, vomiting, dizziness and dim- 
 ness of sight. The dose of the tincture of the fresh root is from 1 to 3 tea- 
 spoonfuls. The tea is made with 1 ounce of the root to a pint of boiling 
 water. The dose is 1 to 2 ounces 3 times a day. 
 
 SMARTWEED. 
 Water Pepper — Knot Grass — Biting Knot Weed — (Polygonum). 
 Uses. — Amenorrhea, Sprains, Bruises, Rheumatism, Stone in Bladder, 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 347 
 
 This is a small herb with narrow green leaves and spikes of small green- 
 ish or whitish flowers. Grows in New York. 
 
 For internal uses make a cold tea with 1 ounce of smartweed to a pint 
 of water. Never scald it for internal use. Take freely for several days be- 
 fore the menstrual period in case of amenorrhea or slight menses. For this 
 disease you can use I/2 dram of the fluid extract if you wish 3 or 4 times a 
 day. Externally it is splendid for sprains, bruises and rheumatism. Can 
 be combined with wormwood, water and arnica. Saturate cloths and apply 
 hot and continuously. The dose of the cold tea is from 2 to 4 ounces. Th^ 
 ashes of this plant combined with the ashes of thyme have been used as in- 
 jections for stone in the bladder. However, this is rather dangerous and not 
 to be generally recommended except under the directions of a physician. 
 
 SNAKE HEAD. 
 Balmony— Fish Mouth— Bitter Herb— Turtle Bloom— (Chelone Glabra). 
 
 Action. — Tonic. 
 
 Uses. — Fevers, Jaundice, Liver Troubles, Dyspepsia, Debility. 
 
 Grows in wet places in the U. S. and blossoms from July until late 
 autumn. The root is perennial and the stem erect and from 2 to 4 feet 
 high though sometimes decumbent. The flowers are angular, four sided, 
 terminal and generally white though they are of dififerent colors in different 
 varieties. Some of the flowers are white, spotted with red and purple, and 
 they are of a most singular shape, resembling the head of a snake with its 
 mouth open. The leaves are opposite, bear a slight resemblance to mint 
 leaves and are of a dark green color when fresh and almost black when dry 
 and are intensely bitter. Grows in moist lands and by the sides of brooks, 
 both in the open and in the shade. 
 
 It is a very powerful bitter tonic. Can be combined with other bitter 
 tonics like gentian and cinchona. The leaves are the best and can be given 
 in powder, tincture, decoction or infusion. The weak tea can be drank freely 
 as a tonic for fevers and jaundice. The weak tea is made with an ounce of 
 the leaves to a pint of water. The dose is from % to 1 ounce. The dose of 
 the tincture is from % to 1 dram. Good for jaundice and liver diseases. Small 
 doses are good for dyspepsia, debility, etc. 
 
 SOLOMON'S SEAL. 
 (Convallaria Polygonatum.) 
 
 Action. — Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Female Diseases, Piles. 
 
 This plant rises from 6 to 8 inches high. The leaves are lance-like and 
 dark green. The flowers are in clusters and hang on the lower side of the 
 leaning stalks, producing red berries. Grows in meadows, on high banks 
 and mountain sides in every part of the U. S. 
 
 The roots are astringent. For female weakness such as whites, weak- 
 ness of the womb and too much monthly flow, use a handful each of Solo- 
 mon's seal root and comfrey root, bruised and infused in 2 quarts of wine. 
 This is a valuable remedy. Take a wineglassful 3 times a day. For piles 
 apply the bruised roots to the parts. The decoction is prepared by using 
 an ounce of the root to a pint of boiling water. The dose is from 1 to 3 
 ounces 3 time? a day. Can be used as an injection for whites and piles. 
 
348 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 SPEARMINT. * 
 (Mentha Viridis.) 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Carminative, Aromatic. 
 
 Uses. — Nausea, Vomiting, Gravel, Urinary Troubles, Sprains, Piles. 
 
 Excellent for nausea and vomiting. Good for gravel, suppressed urine and 
 painful urination. It is of the same order as peppermint. Bruise the green 
 plant and add enough Holland gin to make a saturated tincture. Take a 
 wineglassful as often as you can possibly bear it for suppressed urine and 
 gravel. Wet cotton w^ith this and apply to piles to relieve the pain. Very 
 excellent for external use for sprains when combined with wormwood and- 
 smartweed. Combined with marshmallow root it forms a very good mixture. 
 For high colored urine and painful urination the cold tea is best. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S WORT. 
 (Hypericum Perforatum.)' 
 
 Action. — Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Wounds, Sores, Bruises, Ulcers, Swellings, Caked Breasts. 
 
 Grows in the U. S. and flowers in June. Has hard upright stalks with 
 spreading branches and small deep green colored leaves. The flowers are 
 yellow and five leaved with many yellow threads in the middle, which, when 
 bruised, yield a juice like blood. The flowers produce round heads which 
 contain seeds that are small and black like raisin seeds. The root is hard. 
 The tops and blossoms are used for ointments. Very good for wounds and 
 especially perforating wounds. A tea of the leaves, taken internally, is als.a 
 good for wounds and sores. The best use of the remedy is locally and intern- 
 ally for small perforating wounds. The tea is made by using an ounce of 
 the leaves to a pint of water, for internal use. The dose is from 1 to 3 ounces. 
 3 or 4 times a day. Two ounces of leaves to a pint of water is right for 
 external use. The blossoms infused in sweet oil by exposure to the sun 
 make a fine ointment for perforating wounds, bruises, ulcers, swellings and 
 caked breasts. Fomentations may be used for the same purpose. 
 
 STONE ROOT. 
 Knob Root — Rich weed— Horse Balm — (CoIIinsonia Canadensis). 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Antispasmodic. 
 
 Uses. — Headaches, Colic, Cramps, Anemia, Chlorosis, Colds, Lumbago, 
 Spasmodic Croup, Whooping Cough, Piles, Whites, Urinary Troubles, 
 Bruises, Ulcers, Wounds, Sprains, Contusions. 
 
 Found from Canada to Virginia. Grows from 1 to 3 feet high. Root is 
 hard and stone-like. Has numerous pale yellow flowers with a lemon odor. 
 ' Used for headaches, colic and cramps, particularly after childbirth. Good 
 for anemia and chlorosis. The hot infusion at bed time will cure ordinary 
 colds or mild lumbago and is also good for spasmodic croup and whooping 
 cough. Use the tea as an injection for piles or make a suppository of 10 to 
 60 grains and use every night. The tea is good as an injection for whites. 
 The tea is also good for dribbling of the urine and incontinence of urine in 
 children. The tea is made by using an ounce to a pint of water. Make it 
 stronger if it is to be used as an injection. The dose is from 1 to 4 ounces. 
 The dose of the powdered root is from 10 to 60 grains ; of the tincture, from 
 20 to 60 drops and of the fluid extract from 1 to 60 drops. Applied externally 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 349 
 
 as a poultice the leaves are good for bruises, blows, wounds, sprains and con- 
 tusions. 
 
 STRAWBERRY. 
 (Fragaria Vesca.) 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Aperient. 
 
 Uses. — Kidney and Bladder Troubles, Sore Mouth. 
 
 Persons who suffer from kidney or bladder troubles should frequently 
 eat strawberries when they are in season and at other seasons they should 
 use a syrup made from the berries. Strawberries are a very valuable remedy 
 for either kidney or bladder troubles. Strawberry leaf tea with alum is 
 good for sore mouth. 
 
 SUMACH. 
 (Rhus Glabra.) 
 
 Action. — Astringent, Refrigerant. 
 
 Uses. — Venereal and Scrofulous Diseases, Falling of Bowels and Womb, 
 Gleet, Skin Eruptions, Sore Throat, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Ulcers, Old Sores, 
 Kidney Troubles. 
 
 This shrub grows from 6 to 14 feet high. The stem is knotty, usually 
 bent and is divided into several branches. Has a smooth, light gray bark. 
 The blossoms are reddish and grow in spikes. Leaves turn red in autumn. 
 The berries are crimson and grow in thick clusters. 
 
 An excellent injection or wash is made of the decoction of the bark of 
 the root for scrofulous and venereal diseases and for falling of the womb and 
 bowels. At the same time a decoction of the bark of the root with white 
 pine, slippery elm and blood root should be taken freely. This is also good 
 for eruptions of the skin, gleet, etc. A tea made from the berries and sweetened 
 with honey is good for sore throat when used as a gargle. If sweetened with 
 loaf sugar it is good for dysentery, diarrhea and other bowel complaints. 
 For old sores arid ulcers a splendid poultice may be made from either the 
 berries or the bark. Either the fluid extract or the decoction is good for 
 kidney troubles and especially where there is suppression or incontinence of 
 urine. From 10 to 30 (kops of the fluid extract may be taken during each day. 
 
 SUNFLOWER. 
 (Helianthus Annuus.) 
 
 Action. — Diuretic, Expectorant. 
 
 Use's. — Kidney Troubles, Throat Troubles, Lung Troubles, Bronchitis, 
 Laryngitis. 
 
 Has an erect rough stem usually about 7 feet high. The leaves are large 
 and three nerved. The flowers are large and nodding with yellow rays. The 
 seeds are numerous and dark purple when ripe. Native of South America 
 but cultivated here on account of its beautiful yellow flowers which appear 
 in July and August. The ripe seeds are the part used. 
 
 The seeds and leaves are diuretic and expectorant and have been much 
 used in kidney, throat and lung affections. Put 2 pounds of the bruised seeds 
 into 5 gallons of water and boil down to 3 gallons, strain, add 12 pounds of 
 sugar and ll^ gallons of good Holland gin. The dose of this is from 2 
 drams to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day or whenever there is a tickling or irri- 
 tation of the throat or the cough is excessive or when expectoration is difH- 
 
850 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 cult in bronchitis, laryngitis or lung consumption. Other medicines may be 
 added to the above. An infusion of the pith of sunflower stem is good as a 
 diuretic. The pith contains nitre. For the tea use 10 ounces of the pith to a 
 pint of water. The dose is from 1 to 3 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 SWAMP SNAKE ROOT. 
 
 Uses. — Female Troubles, Coughs. 
 
 Grows by the sides of streams on lands so low that they are flooded at 
 some .season of the year. It rises 6 to 8 inches high. The leaf is round with 
 notches on the edge. The color of the root is purple. The smell is fragrant 
 and agreeable. 
 
 Good for coughs and consumptive habit. Good also for female debility 
 due to irregular monthlies and has been called " the female regulator." The 
 tea is made by using one ounce of the plant to a pint of boiling water. The 
 dose is from % to 1 ounce 3 times a day. 
 
 SWEET CLOVER. 
 King's Clover — Melilot — (Melilotus Alba). 
 Uses. — Leucorrhea, Coughs, Swellings, Inflammations. 
 One kind of sweet clover has white blossoms and the other has yellow 
 blossoms. It very often grows from 4 to 6 feet high. The odor is somewhat 
 like that of the tonqua bean. ^ 
 
 A tea made of the leaves and flowers is good for coughs and leucorrhea. 
 However, it is most frequently used as a poultice or an ointment for swell-, 
 ings and inflammations. 
 
 SWEET FLAG. 
 Flag Root — Sweet Rush — Calamus — (Acorus Calamus). 
 
 Uses. — Cholera Morbus, Colic, Stomach Troubles. 
 
 Sweet flag is large, fleshy and horizontal. It should be gathered late in 
 the autumn. It is pinkish inside and has an agreeable odor and pleasant taste. 
 In making the tea use an ounce of the root to a pint of boiling water. The 
 hot decoction is also good. The dose is a wineglassful. It is very good for 
 cholera morbus and colic. The dose of the powdered or grated dry root is 1 
 teaspoonful every 15 minutes; or, of the infusion of the green root the dose 
 is from 4 to 6 ounces. It is very good for colic and especially wind colic. It 
 is also good for flatulent stomach disorders. In flatulent colic of children it 
 is best combined with magnesia. The dose for adults is from % to 1 tea- 
 spoonful of magnesia and the dose for children from 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 TANSY. 
 (Tanacetum Vulgare.) 
 
 Action, — Tonic, Anthelmintic. 
 
 Uses. — Menstrual Troubles, Hysteria, Urinary Troubles, Stomach 
 Troubles, Flatulence, Jaundice, Worms. 
 
 This is excellent for its tonic action on the stomach. Good for menstrual 
 troubles and hysteria. Aids in bringing on the menses. A tea made of the 
 leaves and seeds is good for Avorms in children. The juice or infusion is 
 good for painful urination and for urinary weakness. For the tea use 1 ounce 
 of the leaves or tops to a pint of hot water and give from 1 to 3 ounces for 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 351 
 
 menstrual troubles. The cold tea is good for dyspepsia, flatulence, hysteria, 
 jaundice and worms. As a fomentation it is good for swellings, local inflam- 
 mations and also as an application to the bowels in monthly troubles. The 
 dose of the powder is from 30 to 60 grains 3 or 3 times a day; of the tea* 
 from 2 to 4 ounces ; of the tincture from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 TETTERWORT. 
 Celandine — (Chelidoniiim) . 
 
 Action. — Purgative, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Dropsy, Green Sickness, Skin Eruptions, Jaundice, Liver Troubles^ 
 
 Is found by the side of running brooks. Grows to the height of 2 feet. 
 The stalks have larger joints than is common with other plants and are very 
 easily broken. 
 
 From 20 to 30 drops of the juice or % teaspoonful of the powdered root 
 in new milk is said to cure dropsy, green sickness and skin eruptions. It 
 is very good for the liver when the pain is felt under the right shoulder blade. 
 To make the tincture use 1 ounce of the plant to a pint of spirits. This is 
 good for catarrh of the liver and jaundice. The dose of this is from 10 to 20 
 drops. Should be taken 4 times a day. The dose of the powder is from 10 
 to 40 grains and of the fresh juice from 30 to 40 drops in liquid. 
 
 THORN APPLE. 
 Stramonium— Stink Weed — ^Jamestown Weed — ^Jimson Weed — (Datura 
 
 Stramonium) — (Poison) . 
 
 Action. — Narcotic, Anti-spasmodic, Sedative. 
 
 Uses. — Epilepsy, Insanity, Asthma, Chorea, Sciatica, Ulcers, Tumors, 
 Cancers, Scalds, Burns, Piles, Painful Monthlies. 
 
 Grows plentifully in Europe and the U. S. by the roadsides. Is from 4 
 to 6 feet high. The stalks are long and where the branches join them there 
 arises a white flower which is succeeded by a prickly pod about the size 
 of a hen's egg and containing seeds. 
 
 Its action is narcotic, anti-spasmodic and sedative. Good for epilepsy, 
 insanity, asthma, chorea or St. Vitus' dance and sciatica. For an ointment 
 simmer 1 pound of fresh leaves with 3 pounds of lard. This is good for 
 ulcers, tumors, cancers, scalds, burns and piles. The internal dose of the 
 powdered leaves is 1 grain ; of the fluid extract, y^ to Vs grain ; of the tinc- 
 ture (10 per cent, strength), 5 to 20 drops. The leaves when dried may be 
 mixed with tobacco and smoked for asthma. The following is good as a 
 suppository for dysmenorrhea. Take 4 grains of extract of stramonium, 4 
 grains of belladonna,. 4 grains of extract of opium, 40 grains of camphor 
 and a sufficient quantity of oil of cacao. This will make 12 suppositories. 
 Insert one iii the bowel every hour or two for relief from pain in dys- 
 menorrhea or painful monthlies. 
 
 THYME. 
 Mother of Thyme — Garden Thyme — (Thymus Vulgaris). 
 Action. — Antiseptic, Diaphoretic, Resolvent, Tonic, Stomachic. 
 Uses. — Leucorrhea, Tooth Paste, Dyspepsia, Hysteria, Painful Menstrua- 
 tion, Flatulence, Colic. 
 
352 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 The herb is cut while in bloom and dried for use. Oil of thyme consists 
 of two ingredients, one of which is called thymol on account of which this plant 
 is a valuable antiseptic. A tea can be made of the plant and is good as an 
 injection for leucorrhea. It is good in small doses of from 1 to 2 drams as 
 an intestinal antiseptic, but it does good through the action of the thymol. 
 Thymol is much used as a medicine, for instance, in thymol tooth paste. 
 Ointment of thymol, 10 grains and lanolin 1 ounce, is good for acne. Cold 
 thymol tea, 1 ounce to a pint of boiling water, is good for dyspepsia with 
 weak and irritable stomach. The warm tea is good for hysteria, painful men- 
 struation, flatulence, colic and to produce sweating. In making the tea use 
 an ounce of the plant to a pint of cold or hot water. The dose is from 1 to 
 3 ounces. 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 (Nicotiana Tabacum.) 
 
 Action! — Emetic, Relaxing, Narcotic, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Asthma, Coughs, Earache, Piles. 
 
 Tobacco is very relaxing but the nicotine in it is very poisonous and 
 makes it an unsafe remedy in many cases. Tobacco smoke is good as a pal- 
 liative of asthma and of nervous coughing caused by tickling of the larynx. It 
 is also much used for earache. It was formerly used a great deal externally 
 as an application to broken surfaces but symptoms of poisoning sometimes 
 result when it, is thus used and hence it is not used so much now as formerly. 
 It is one of the ingredients of the pile remedy known as Trask's Ointment. 
 
 TRAILING ARBUTUS. 
 Gravel Weed — Winter Pink — Mountain Pink — Ground Laurel — Mayflower. 
 
 (Epigea Repens.) 
 
 Action. — Astringent, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Kidney Troubles, Gravel, Urinary Troubles. 
 
 Trailing plant, indigenous, with woody stems 6 to 20 inches long, cov- 
 ered with hairy pubescence in all its parts. The leaves are evergreen, 2 to 
 214 inches long, 1% inches wide, roundish at the ends and abruptly tipped 
 with a sharp point. The flowers are very fragrant and white or striped 
 with various shades of red. Appears in April and May. The capsule or pod 
 is depressed, globular, five-lobed, five-celled and many seeded. Grows in 
 sandy woods and is found from Newfoundland to Pennsylvania and Ken- 
 tucky. Prefers sides of hills and a northern exposure. The leaves are the 
 parts used. 
 
 It is astringent and diuretic (acts on kidneys). Good for gravel and all 
 diseases of the urinary organs. The tea made by using 2 ounces of the leaves 
 to a pint of boiling water should be drank freely every few hours. To make 
 a diuretic compound, take of this plant, also queen of the meadow, dwarf 
 elder bark, marshmallow root, V^ ounce of each coarsely bruised; boiling 
 water and good Holland gin, of each 1 pint and enough honey to sweeten. 
 Pour the boiling water on the plants and boil them with gentle heat in a 
 close-covered vessel for 6 hours. Remove from the fire, strain and add suffi- 
 cient honey to render it pleasant. Very useful for gravel and suppressed, 
 high colored, and scalding urine. The dose is 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 For gravel % ounce of wild carrot may be added. 
 
COMMON HERBS USED AS MEDICINES. 
 
 Crowfoot or Cranesbill. 
 
 Used for Ulcers, Sore Mouth, 
 Diarrhea, Dysentery. Piles, Profuse 
 Menstruation, Bleeding, etc. 
 
 dood Root or Red Puccoon. 
 
 Used for Sick Headache, Dys- 
 pepsia, Jaundice, Catarrh, Croup, 
 Whooping Cough, Rheumatism, etc, 
 
 White Oak. 
 
 Used for Sore Throat. Sore Eyes, 
 Tonsilitis, Ulcers, Scrofula, Uterine 
 Bleeding, Bleeding Piles, Whites, 
 etc. 
 
 rrailing Arbutus or Mountain Pink. 
 
 Used for Kidney and Bladder 
 Troubles, etc. 
 
 Digitalis or Foxglove. 
 
 Used for Heart Disease, Inflam- 
 mation of Lungs. Pleurisy, Dropsy 
 of Chest and Inflammatory .Affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Indian Turnip or Jack-in-the-Pulpit. 
 
 Used for Coughs, Colds, Stomach 
 Cramp, Asthma, etc. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT, 353 
 
 TURKEY CORN. 
 (CorydalisO 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Diuretic, Alterative. 
 
 Uses.— Syphilis, Blood Disease's, Scrofula. 
 
 This is an early spring plant sometimes making its appearance in March. 
 The root is-tuberous; the stem is 8 to 10 inches high; and the flower stem 
 bears nodding, many flowered clusters. 
 
 It is a tonic, diuretic and alterative. Is good for syphilis and blood affec- 
 tions such as scrofula. Wash syphilitic ulcers with the tea. It is frequently 
 used with other blood remedies, such as poke root, stillingia, prickly ash and 
 iodide of potash. The tea is made by using V2 ounce of the powdered bulb to 
 a pint of boiling water. The dosg is from 1 to 2 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 The dose of the tincture is from % to 3 teaspoonfuls and of the fluid extract 
 from 15 to 60 drops. This remedy is especially good for syphilis and scrofula 
 when combined with the alterative action of mandrake, prickly ash, blue flag, 
 poke root and Aven's root. Use equal parts of all except the prickly ash and 
 of it use % as much as of each of the others. 
 
 UNICORN ROOT. 
 Blazing Star — Devil's Bit — (Helonias Dioica). 
 
 Action. — :Tonic, Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Painful Urination, Suppressed Menses, Miscarriage, Whites, 
 Amenorrhea. 
 
 Grows in the U. S. east of the Mississippi. The root is perennial, 
 rather smaller than the little finger, irregular in form, 1 to 2 inches long, of 
 dry dark color, very hard, full of little pits, rough and wrinkled. It has 
 numerous small, dark colored, fibrous roots which, when deprived of their out- 
 side bark somewhat resemble hog bristles. The leaves are pale, smooth, ever- 
 green and in the winter lay flat on the ground in the shape of a star. The 
 stem is from 8 to 18 inches high, upright, naked and terminating in a spike 
 or tassel of white flowers. Found growing in thin soils. The roots are the 
 part generally used. 
 
 It is a tonic and diuretic. Relieves colic and painful urination. Pre- 
 vents miscarriage. Good for suppressed menses and other female troubles 
 and is the basis of many of the recent compounds for female diseases. It is 
 much used for whites, amenorrhea or want of menses, and for painful menses. 
 The dose of the powder is from 20 to 30 grains ; of the fluid extract, from 
 10 to 30 drops, 3 or 4 times a day. The decoction is made by using an ounce 
 of the plant to a pint of water and the dose is 1 or 2 ounces 3 times a day. 
 
 WHITE OAK. 
 (Quercus Alba.) 
 
 Action. — Astringent, Antiseptic, Tonic. 
 
 Uses. — Uterine Bleeding, Whites, Bleeding Piles, Sore Throat, Sore 
 Eyes, Tonsilitis, Ulcers, Poisons, Scrofula, Gangrene,_ Antidote. 
 
 This bark is astringent, tonic and antiseptic. It is good as an injection 
 for uterine bleeding and for whites. It is good to check gangrene ; wet the 
 parts with the decoction. For whites use the decoction diluted one-half with 
 water. Good as a gargle for sore throat and tonsilitis and when weakened is 
 good for sore eyes. Good for old indolent sores and ulcers. Mixed with salt 
 
354 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 and water it is fine for raw surfaces on horses' shoulders. It is a good in- 
 jection for bleeding piles, either full strength or diluted. It contains tannic 
 acid which is an antidote for poisons. The decoction may be taken for this 
 purpose and the dose is from 1 to 3 ounces. The longer you boil the decoc- 
 tion, the stronger it becomes. Usually an ounce of the bark should be used 
 to a pint of water. Green bark of elder and white oak, bruised together, or in 
 strong decoction, forms a very good application for abrasions and for sores 
 on horses' shoulders. A coffee made of roasted acorns is said to be good in 
 the treatment of scrofula. The dose of the decoction is from 1 to 3 ounces. 
 
 WHITE POND LILY. 
 Sweet Scented Water Lily — Toad Lily — Water Cabbage — (Nymphsea 
 
 Odorata). 
 
 Action. — Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Leucorrhea, Gonorrhea, Scrofulous Sores, Boils, White Swellings, 
 Lockjaw, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Pimples, Freckles, Inflamed Eyes, Sore 
 Throat, Asthma. 
 
 Found in all parts of the country in rivers, ditches and ponds. The seeds 
 ripen in water. The flowers close at night and the perfume is similar to mag- 
 nolia. The roots are the part mostly used as medicine. They are of a black- 
 ish color, thick and notched. 
 
 Good for gonorrhea, leucorrhea and scrofula and also for bowel com- 
 plaints, including diarrhea and dysentery. The dose of the powdered root is 
 from ^ to % teaspoonful in warm water. One-half pint of port wine and % 
 pound of sugar added to a pint of the expressed juice make a fine prepara- 
 tion and the dose is from 3 to 4 tablespoonfuls 4 times a day. Poultices 
 made of the roots and leaves are good for lockjaw, scrofulous sores, boils and 
 inflamed skin. In combination with cohosh root and slippery elm bark it 
 makes a good poultice for white swellings. The poultice should be changed 
 3 or 4 times a day and the patient should also take some good blood remedy. 
 If the fresh juice of the roots is mixed with lemon juice a good cosmetic 
 will be the result. This is good for removing freckles and pimples. A de- 
 coction made of the leaves is good when used as a wash for old sores, fresh 
 wounds and ulcers. Also good for putrid sore throat and asthma when used 
 as a gargle and is a good wash for inflamed eyes. 
 
 WILD CARROT. 
 Bee's Nest — Bird's Nest — (Daucus Carota). 
 
 Action. — Diuretic. 
 
 Uses. — Kidney and Bladder Diseases, Obstructed Menses, Stomach 
 Troubles, Dysentery, Chronic Coughs, Fissures and Ulcers, Hiccough. 
 
 The root of the cultivated carrot when scraped makes a fine poultice for 
 ulcers. 
 
 The wild carrot is common in the U. S. and grows in old fields and by 
 the roadside. The stalks are rougher and whiter than the stalks of the cul- 
 tivated carrot. When used in the form of a strong decoction the wild carrot 
 ia excellent for gravel and passage of stone from the bladder and kidneys. It 
 is also good for fissured nipples and ulcers which are of a cancerous nature. 
 The seeds are good for dysentery, flatulent disorders, obstructed menses, 
 hiccough and chronic coughs. From ^4 to % of a teaspoonful is the dose of 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 355 
 
 the bruised seeds. A strong decoction made of the seeds may be drank freely 
 while warm. 
 
 WILD CHERRY. 
 
 Black Cherry — Rum Cherry — Cabinet Cherry — (Prunus Virginiana), 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — Coughs, Whooping Cough, Diarrhea. 
 
 The bark of the root is the part used. Add' cold water to the bark and 
 let it stand from 36 to 48 hours. The dose is from 3 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times 
 a day. It is very good as a tonic. Good for coughs and especially when it is 
 combined with other remedies. For the cough of consumption the following 
 is good. Take 2 grains of codeine, 12 drops of tincture of belladonna and 
 enough syrup of wild cherry to make 3 ounces. Give 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls when 
 the cough is troublesome at night. The mild tea made of the bark of the root 
 allays nervous coughs and is good for whooping cough. For this purpose the 
 tea should be made with from % to 1 ounce of the bark to a quart of water. 
 Good for the stomach and bowels as a tonic in case of diarrhea. For the reg- 
 ular tea use 1 ounce of the bark to a pint of water. The dose is from 1 to 2 
 ounces. The dose of the syrup is 1 dram and of the fluid extract from 10 to 60 
 drops. 
 
 WILD GINGER. 
 Colt's Foot — Canada Snake Root — (Asarum Americanum) — (Asarum 
 
 Canadense). 
 
 Uses. — Debilitv, Melancholia, Palpitation, Low Fever, Whooping Cough. 
 
 An humble, stemless plant. The leaves rise immediately from the root, 
 usually 2 in number and resemble a colt's foot. The flowers proceed from 
 between these leaves and are large, purple and bell shaped. The root is of 
 a grayish brown color without but is white within. Grows in shady woods 
 and rich soils. Flowers from April to July. Useful in debility, melancholia, 
 palpitation, low fever, convalescence and whooping cough. For these troubles 
 it should be used in small doses. Large doses cause sickness at the stomach. 
 The root is the part used in making the powder and the dose is % dram. In 
 making the tea use an ounce of wild ginger to a pint of water and give from 
 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls every 2 or 3 hours. 
 
 WILD YAM. 
 Colic Root — (Dioscorea Villosa). 
 
 Action. — Diaphoretic, Emetic. 
 
 Uses. — Liver Troubles, Gall Stones, Jaundice, Colic, Cramp in Bowels, 
 Chronic Malaria. 
 
 Grows in the southern states ; less plentiful in the northern states. It fs 
 a climbing plant and forms a thicket in moist localities. The leaves are 
 smooth above and downy beneath. The fruit is a triangular, wing-shaped 
 capsule that grows in pendant bunches. The root forks repeatedly and breaks 
 with difficulty. It is of a yellow broom color. It is sometimes known as 
 rheumatism root. 
 
 It acts especially on the liver. It is good for gall stones and especially 
 when the stones are small. It aids in the expulsion of the stones and re- 
 duces the inflammation afterwards. Good for jaundice and especially when 
 
356 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 there is colicky pain. Also good for cramp in the bowels and for liver troubles. 
 For the decoction use 2 ounces^of the root to a pint of boiling water and let 
 it boil slowly for half an hour. The dose is from % to % teacupful every ' 
 half hour for bilious colic. The usual dose is from 1 to 4 ounces taken 4 
 times a day. The following is good for chronic malaria. Take 1 teaspoonful 
 of Fowler's solution, % ounce of tincture of wild yam and 2% ounces of 
 compound tincture of cardamon. Take a teaspoonful in water after meals. 
 The dose of the tincture of wild yam is from 10 to 40 drops and of the fluid 
 extract, from 10 to 20 drops. 
 
 WINTERGREEN. 
 Tea Berry— Mountain Tea — (Gaultheria Procumbens). 
 
 Action. — Stimulant, Restorative, Cordial, Antiseptic, Aromatic, Astrin- 
 gent. 
 
 Uses. — Rheumatism, Menstrual Troubles, Asthma, Neuralgia, Chronic 
 Diarrhea. 
 
 Essence or oil of wintergreen may be used or a tea may be made of the 
 green plant. The tea is good to restore strength, promote menstruation and 
 relieve asthma. The oil is used for neuralgia and rheumatism as it contains 
 salicylic acid. The plant is a cordial, stimulant, restorative and partial anti- 
 septic. It is excellent for some forms of chronic diarrhea. The dose of the 
 oil of wintergreen is from 5 to 10 drops every 3 to 6 hours and this dose should 
 be gradually increased until it causes ringing in the ears. • 
 
 WITCH HAZEL. 
 (Hamamelis Virginica.) 
 
 Action. — Astringent. 
 
 Uses. — ^Ulcers, Piles, Painful Swellings, Sprains, Bruises, Sore Eyes, Fall- 
 ing of Womb, Enlarged Veins, Sore Gums, Bleeding, Throat and Nasal Ca- 
 tarrh, Sunburn, Eczema, Burns, Frostbites. 
 
 This is a shrub rising from 6 to 10 feet high and blossoming in winter. 
 It blossoms after the leaves are destroyed by frost and the fruit is not injured 
 by the winter. Does not open until the next autumn when it flowers again 
 3 Ad then fruit and blossoms will be found on the same tree. 
 
 The twigs and flowers are good in decoction. Can use the bark as a poul- 
 tice for ulcers, piles, painful swellings, sprains and bruises. The tea of the 
 leaves, one ounce to a pint of water, is good for sore eyes. A strong decoction 
 of the leaves is good as an injection for falling womb and for piles and is also 
 an excellent application for enlarged veins. You can buy any form of witch 
 hazel in any drug store and at but little cost. There is the distilled extract, 
 the fluid extract and the tincture. The distilled extract, dil'uted 2 or 3 
 times, is good for sore gums, sore throat and nasal catarrh. Good for bleed- 
 ing after the pulling of teeth. The following is a good ointment. Take from 
 1 to 1% fluid drams of the fluid extract of witch hazel, 1 dram of zinc 
 oxide, 40 grains of starch, 30 drops of glycerine, and 1 ounce of ointment 
 of rose water. This is to be used as an ointment for sunburn, eczema, 
 etc. The following is good for frostbites and burns. Use 1 ounce of solu- 
 tion of lead, 1 ounce of laudanum, 2 ounces of distilled witch hazel and 1 
 pint of water. The following is good for piles. Mix with lard equal parts of 
 the decoctions of witch hazel, white oak bark and apple tree bark. 
 
HERB DEPARTMENT. 357 
 
 WOOD CHARCOAL. 
 (Carbo Ligfii.) 
 
 Action. — Disinfectant, Absorbent. 
 
 Uses. — Mortification, Old and Offensive Ulcers, Indigestion, Gas Dys- 
 pepsia, Acid Stomach, Foul Breath. 
 
 Take the white or soft maple ; cut and split fine as oven wood ; set in a 
 small coal pit and when well burned take it out and put a small quantity at 
 1 time into an iron kettle and pound fine and then sift through a common sieve. 
 Then put the whole into an iron kettle over the fire and heat until red hot 
 and the coal ceases to send out a smoke. Then, when cool enough, put into 
 bottles and cork tightly. 
 
 For mortification and old, offensive, eating ulcers, prepare as directed 
 above ; mix well with yeast and use as a poultice. For gas dyspepsia, indi- 
 gestion, acid stornach and foul breath, give from a teaspoonful to a tablespoon- 
 ful either before or after meals as may feel best. 
 
 WORMWOOD. 
 (Artemisia Absinthium.) 
 Action. — Bitter Tonic, Anthelmintic. 
 Uses. — Sprains, Etc. 
 
 The stem is covered with a whitish down, the leaves are whitish on both 
 sides and the floVers are small and yellowish and form a long cluster. It has 
 1 strong smell and a bitter spicy taste. Its main use is external. It is splendid 
 for sprains, either alone or with salt water and smartweed or arnica. 
 
 YARROW. 
 Thousand Leaf — Milfoil — (Achillea Millefolium). 
 
 Action. — Tonic, Astringent, Alterative. 
 
 Uses. — Hemorrhage of Lungs and Kidneys, Incontinence of Urine, Dia- 
 betes, Piles, Dysentery, Leucorrhea, Amenorrhea, Flatulent Colic. 
 
 Grows from 12 to 18 feet high with simple stems branching at the tops. 
 Has double winged leaves and leaflets which are minutely divided and sub- 
 divided. The flowers form a thick flat bunch and are white or rose colored. 
 Common in Europe and North America. Grows in fields, woods and pastures 
 and flowers nearly all summer. Should be gathered when in bloom. 
 
 It is tonic, astringent, alterative. Is good for hemorrhage of the lungs 
 and kidneys, incontinence of urine, diabetes, piles, dysentery, leucorrhea, 
 amenorrhea, and flatulent colic. For the tea use 1 ounce of the herb to a 
 pint of water. The dose is from 4 to 6 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. The dose 
 of the oil is from 10 to 20 drops. 
 
 YELLOW DOCK. 
 Narrow Leal Dock— Sour Dock — Curled Dock — Garden Patience — (Rumex 
 
 Crispus). 
 Action. — Alterative, Tonic, Astringent, 
 
 Uses. — Dyspepsia, Liver Complaint, Ervsipelas, Scrofula, Skin Diseases, 
 Blood Diseases, Ulcers, Itch, Glandular Swellings. 
 
 The leaves are long and curl in waves at the edges and are light green 
 in color. Grows from 2 to 5 feet high. The flowers are small and greenish 
 
358 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 and grow thickly in long stems. The root is brownish yellow on the out- 
 side and yellow within. This is an excellent remedy. 
 
 The decoction is made by using 2 ounces of the fresh root to a pint of 
 water and the dose is from 1 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. It is a good 
 alterative tonic. Good for dyspepsia, liver complaint, erysipelas, scrofula, 
 skin diseases and blood diseases generally. The following combination is 
 very good. Take 1 ounce each of the fluid extracts of dandelion, yellow dock, 
 burdock and wild cherry. Take from 1 to 4 teaspoon fuls 4 times a day. The 
 fresh root, bruised in cream, lard or fresh butter, forms an excellent oint- 
 ment for scrofulous ulcers, itch and indolent glandular swellings. 
 
A CHAPTER FOR MEN. 
 
 It does not pay for a young man to " sow his wild oats." The transient 
 pleasure of a moment may mean the suffering of a lifetime. Though a young 
 man may sow his wild oats for some time and apparently escape retribution, 
 or he may contract a disease and be apparently cured, yet, on the other hand, 
 one indiscretion may mean the ruining of his health and perhaps later the 
 health of his wife also. 
 
 Preventive treatment is the best kind of treatment for the diseases of 
 men. Gonorrhea and syphilis are the results of immorality and uncleanli- 
 ness. Do not expose yourself to these loathsome diseases. However, if you 
 have been exposed, at least observe the laws of cleanliness and immediately 
 wash the exposed parts thoroughly with some good antiseptic solution like 
 carbolic acid, corrosive sublimate or permanganate of potash. Do not' wait 
 an hour, or even ten minutes, but use one of these solutions at once and even 
 then you are taking great chances of disease. Abstinence and cleanliness are 
 the preventives of these diseases. 
 
 GONORRHEA. 
 (Including Chordee, Bubo, Clap, Gleet and Stricture.) 
 
 This disease is commonly known as the " clap." 
 
 CAUSES. — The cause is generally intercourse with one afflicted with 
 this disease. It may sometimes be caught from towels, etc., used by one 
 having the disease. It is then likely to make itself manifest in the eyes, etc. 
 Though many cases of gonorrhea are apparently recovered from yet the 
 disease is often improperly treated and, though apparently cured, it still 
 exists and a man who has once had the disease may, a long time afterward, 
 infect his wife and this is a much more serious disease in women than in men. 
 In women, this disease is often the cause of diseases of the ovaries, tubes 
 and womb. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The first symptoms of this disease are usually noticed 
 between the second and seventh day after exposure. At first there is noticed 
 a tickling or uneasiness at the opening of the urethra or at the end of the 
 penis. The organ is found to be somewhat reddened and the mucous dis- 
 charge is more viscid than usual and increased in quantity. This discharge 
 becomes yellowish or greenish in color and is thick. The heat, redness, 
 swelling and pain increase. The passing of water becomes frequent and 
 is attended with a great deal of pain. 
 
 Chordee is often a marked characteristic of this disease. The erections 
 become frequent and are very painful .and the organ is bent downward. 
 
 Bubo, or swelling' of the glands in the groin, is sometimes a feature but 
 these glands seldom suppurate, or result in abscess. 
 
 Orchitis, or inflammation of the testicles, is frequently observed as a fea- 
 ture of this disease. 
 
 Gleet is the chronic form of Gonorrhea and is obstinate to treat. 
 
 Stricture, or closing of the passage, is often caused by inflammation or 
 the use of medicines, It is attended with painful urination. 
 
 359 
 
360 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. . 
 
 Under good treatment the disease is likely to last from a month to six 
 weeks and if improperly treated it often lasts for months. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive treatment is the best and consists in observing cleanliness and 
 not exposing yourself. However, in case you have contracted the disease 
 it is extremely necessary that you begin treatment at once and without delay. 
 Do not get a quack to treat you but get a good physician. Stay in bed for a 
 week and take mild drinks in large quantities. Teas made from slippery elm, 
 pumpkin seed, flaxseed or buchu leaves are excellent. Drink plenty of water. 
 Eat no meats or rich and highly seasoned foods and drink no alcohol in any 
 form but live on milk alone. Keep the bowels open freely. Follow this treat- 
 ment and yen will soon be well. 
 
 Wash the organ frequently with warm water. If you have much pain or 
 chordee use suppositories in the rectum. The following is good for this pur- 
 pose. Take 6 grains of pulverized opium, 18 grains of pulverized camphor 
 and enough oil of cacao to mix well. Mix these ingredients and make into 
 6 suppositories and use one at bed time. Remember that this constipates so 
 move the bowels with an injection before going to bed. 
 
 For the pain while passing urine put the penis into hot water. Keep the 
 glans penis wrapped in absorbent cotton and be sure to burn this cotton and 
 use every care not to get the dischai^ges into the eyes or upon other mucous 
 surfaces. 
 
 If you wish to use an injection get a blunt pointed, hard rubber, urethra]^ 
 syringe holding 3 fluid drams. Nitrate of silver, zinc chloride, permanganate 
 of potash, salicylic acid and creosote are very irritating and may do harm. 
 The following is a good injection. Take 1/10 grain of hydrargyri chloridi cor- 
 rosivi, 18 grains of zinc sulpho-carbolat., 2 ounces of glyceriti boroglycernii 
 (31 per cent, boric acid) and 4 ounces of aquae rosse. Mix, shake thoroughly 
 and use from 1 to 8 drams as an injection once a day. If the urethra is very 
 irritable you can use from 18 to 24 grains of the watery extract of opium 
 added to the above prescription. 
 
 Later the following injection may be used in place of the one above. Use 
 an ounce or two a day. Take 1 dram of zinc acetate, 1 dram of tannic acid, 3 
 drams of boric acid and 6 ounces of aqua hydrogen dioxid. 
 
 For early use when the penis is too sensitive to stand a stronger injection 
 the following will be found good. Take 2 drams of boric acid, 18 grains of 
 aqpeous extract of opium, and 6 ounces of the dilute solution of subacetate 
 of lead. Mix and use 1 dram once or twice a day. If there is any sensitive- 
 ness left the following may be used. Take 1 grain of morph. sulph., 20 grains 
 of zinc sulpho carbolate and 4 ounces of rose water. Use a syringeful at a 
 time as an injection twice a day. Or, the following may be used as an injec- 
 tion in the same way. Take 20 grains of zinc sulph. carbolat, 12 drops of acid 
 hydrocyanic dil. and 4 ounces of aquse rosse. Or, this is a good one. Mix 
 1 dram of R. ext. hydrastis with 1 ounce of aquse rosa;. Use a teaspoonful of 
 this solution at each injection. It will stain the clothing if it comes in con- 
 tact with it. It may be used twice a day and is also good for gleet. If in- 
 jections do not help gleet the best treatment is the regular passing of sounds 
 by a competent physician. 
 
 During the first 10 days the following is a good injection for gonorrhea. 
 Take 5 grains of hydrastinae hydrochloride, 5 grains of protargol, lYz drams 
 of glycerine and 1 ounce of aquae distillat qs. ad. f. Precede with a hot water 
 
A CHAPTER FOR MEN. 361 
 
 injection and use from 4 to 6 times a day. Retain the injection from 5 to 10 
 mmutes each time. 
 
 After the first 10 days or after the first stage has passed use 5 grains of 
 the commercial hydrastine to an ounce of water. Use from 1 to 3 drams of 
 this as an injection once or twice a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Parsley. — For painful urination and gonorrhea. Dose of infusion — 
 from 2 to 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 2. Quince Seeds. — Drinis freely of a decoction of quince seeds. 
 
 3. Cranesbiir and Blood Root. — Make a decoction by using 3 parts of 
 cranesbill to 1 part of blood root and use as an injection for gonorrhea. A 
 good remedy. 
 
 SYPHILIS. 
 Pox — ^Lues — (Including Chancre and Chancroid). 
 
 Syphilis is a contagious disease and is either acquired or hereditary. The 
 acquired form is divided into 3 stages — primary, secondary and tertiary. The 
 virus of the disease is active in the transmission of the malady throughout 
 the primary atid secondary stages, and during all this time all secretions from 
 the sores are capable of producing the disease in another person provided 
 they be brought in contact with a tear or sore in the skin or mucous mem- 
 brane. Infection does not take place through healthy skin or mucous mem- 
 brane but the break may be so slight as to escape notice. The acquired form 
 is not conveyed by the discharges from syphilitic sores or by the blood of 
 a syphilitic if five years have elapsed since the date of the first infection. In 
 other words, the disease is contagious during the first two stages but not 
 during the tertiary stage. 
 
 Hereditary syphilis may come to a child from one or both parents. A 
 syphilitic father or mother may be the parent of a syphilitic or a non-syphilitic 
 child. If both parents are syphilitic the probability of the child's being af- 
 fected is twice as great as if one parent alone is affected. 
 
 The primary sore or lesion of syphilis is called the chancre and develops 
 at the point of infection and an ulcer is the result. The secondary stage 
 soon develops. The lymph nodes or glands all over the body, notably those 
 nearest the chancre, become enlarged and inflamed. Following this is the 
 tertiary stage in which the bone covering and internal organs suffer from 
 peculiar growths. These growths are usually in circumscribed nodes. They 
 (the gummata) may grow to a considerable size. Syphilis causes grave 
 changes in the blood vessels, liver, lungs and brain and, in fact, in about all 
 the organs of the body. 
 SYMPTOMS.— 
 
 First Stage. — ^The patient develops, at the site of the original contact with 
 the virus, a small pimple which has an area of hard tissue about its base. This 
 is the hard chancre and usually makes its appearance in from 13 to 21 days 
 after exposure. The inguinal glands are slightly enlarged. This period lasts 
 from 3 days to two weeks and is followed by the secondary stage. The 
 chancre is but a local manifestation of the disease. The disease is constitu- 
 tional at the very beginning and is not confined to the chancre. The chancre 
 is a small hard swelling and disappears with the secondary symptoms whether 
 it is treated or not. No pus comes from the chancre^ but if there are false 
 chancres, or chancroids, pus may form. Chancroid is a local disease and 
 
363 IHE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 these false chancres are soft. Chancroids appear in from 3 to 9 days after 
 exposure and there are usually more than one. If more than one true 
 chancres appear they all appear at once. 
 
 Secondary Stage. — Fever is an early symptom and sometimes goes to 
 104 or 105 degrees but is usually at about 101 degrees. The skin eruptions 
 may occur in limited areas or they may be widely distributed over the whole 
 body and even involve the face. As this stage advances the eruption may be 
 papular and finally pustular. At the angles of the mouth or at the anus there 
 come the mucous patches or ulcers. Also warty growths called syphilitic 
 condylomata. Falling of the hair sometimes occurs and the finger nails may 
 become loosened and drop oS. 
 
 Tertiary Stage. — The skin lesions are more severe than in the secondary 
 stage. Gummata come in different parts of the body, developing in the skin 
 and internal organs. Lesions of the nervous system usually occur late but 
 .may appear in 6 months. They usually come within the first 10 years and 
 seldom as late as 20 years. The cases may be mild or very severe. The 
 nerve lesions assume many forms of disease. 
 
 TREATMENT. — During the primary and secondary stages, Hare recom- 
 mends full doses of protoiodide of mercury in compressed tablet form. The 
 dose is ^ grain 3 times a day, increased by 1 or 3 quarters each day until the 
 patient shows distinct evidence of the full systemic effect of the drug, as 
 shown by loose bowels or tender teeth and slight salivation. (Use tablet 
 triturate.) After the effects of the drug are manifest the dose should be dimin- 
 ished one-half and kept at this point. If necessary, increase the dose the 
 second time if the symptoms of syphilis increase. If necessary, use blue oint- 
 ment rubbed into the skin once a day, using 1 dram. Choose a different spot 
 each time and rub for a long time. Continue the treatment in other ways 
 if necessary. 
 
 For the tertiary stage administer iodide of potash, sodium or strontium. 
 It usually requires 100 grains a day. Use a saturated solution (1 grain to 1 
 minim of water, dissolved) and give 10 minims in a dessert spoonful of the 
 compound syrup of sarsaparilla 3 times a day. Give this dose an hour after 
 meals' and increase each day from 1 to 5 drops at a dose. 
 
 A good remedy is to put from % to 1 ounce of iodide of potash into a pint 
 of simple syrup and add 3 ounces of each of the following herbs in fluid 
 extract form — stillingia, corydalis, yellow dock, burdock, poke root and sarsa- 
 parilla. Take a teaspoonful 3 times a day. 
 
 GONORRHEAL RHEUMATISM. 
 (Arthritis.) 
 
 Put a splint on the Joint to keep it at rest and apply a 50% ichthyol oint- 
 ment on the joint. Give iodide of potash internally. 
 
 NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS. 
 
 After a certain age these emissions are very likely to occur with any man. 
 There is no need to be alarmed when they are not too frequent. Quacks make 
 money from poor scared creatures wTio are fearful of terrible consequences, 
 Once or twice a week will not injure. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Don't worry about them. Don't sleep with too much 
 covering. Keep your thoughts from such matters. Sleep on a hard mattress 
 
A CHAPTER FOR MEN. 363 
 
 At bed time, if you do not sleep well and are nervous and restless, take 20 
 grains of bromide of sodium or potassium. Sometimes 1/100 of a grain of 
 hyoscine at bed time is good. Avoid stimulating foods and drinks. Bathe 
 the scrotum with cold water before retiring. Hop tea is very good when taken 
 regularly. 
 
 The homeopathic treatment is to take the second dilution of China and 
 the third dilution of phosphoric acid 3 times a day. 
 
 Doctor the mind by not worrying. 
 
 ENLARGED OR INFLAMED PROSTATE GLAND. 
 
 This is a gland in the urethra near the bladder. The gland enlarges some 
 in later life and in some cases it enlarges a great deal. In such cases it is 
 difficult and sometimes impossible to pass water and a catheter must then be 
 used. Gonorrhea sometimes causes prostatitis or inflammation of this gland. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Rest in bed and regulate the bowels. Apply leeches 
 to the perineum or apply fomentations of hops. Give mild drinks to render 
 the urine mild. An operation may be necessary. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Give the third trituration of Conium 4 times 
 a day. 
 
WOMAN'S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 DISEASES OF WOMEN. 
 
 DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION. 
 
 ABSENCE OF MENSES— (AMENORRHEA). 
 
 DESCRIPTION. — This term is applied to those cases in which menstru- 
 ation has never appeared. Secondary amenorrhea or suppressed menses is 
 applied to those cases in which menstruation has ceased after once having 
 been established. 
 
 CAUSES.-- 
 
 1. Defective development of the organs of generation. 
 
 2. Premature atrophy or dwindling of those organs. 
 
 3. Injury and local disease. 
 
 4. Acute and chronic general diseases. 
 
 5. Mental disturbances. 
 
 Menstruation is often absent in typhoid fever. It is commonly absent 
 in anemia, chlorosis, consumption and malaria. It frequently results from a, 
 change of climate and surroundings and the absence continues until the per- 
 son becomes adapted to the new environment. It is seen in immigrants and 
 in persons who move from the country into large cities. It is often caused 
 by over-work, either physical or mental, and also by an insufficient amount 
 and poor quality of food. It is quite common in school girls. 
 
 It is sometimes due to the excessive general development of fat, even 
 in young women who are apparently in good general health. It is frequently 
 associated with insanity. The fear of pregnancy after illicit intercourse some- 
 times produces it. Fright, grief, anxiety, anger and getting wet often cause it. 
 In some cases it is hard to discover any cause. Persons subject to it may 
 have a general periodical disturbance that marks the times at which the 
 flow should occur. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There may be headache, flashes of heat, nervousness, 
 tiausea and vomiting and a feeling of fullness and pain in the lower bowel. 
 Varioits skin eruptions may occur as the result of amenorrhea, as in other 
 diseases of the female generative organs. The poor health, both mental and 
 physical, that usually accompanies amenorrhea is often thought by the pa- 
 tient and her friends to be the result, rather than the cause as it really is, of 
 the arrested menses. 
 
 TREATMENT. — This, necessarily, must depeiid upon the cause of the 
 condition. If it is due to defective development of the womb and the ovaries, 
 little can be done. For this a doctor must be called. Most cases demand 
 general toning treatment. Regulate the mode of life. Fresh air, exercise, sun- 
 shine, baths and pelvic massage continued for a long time will help. There 
 should be less of study and more of active outdoor life. Change of air and 
 surroundings is sometimes helpful. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Improve the general condition by giving a prep- 
 aration composed of arsenic, iron and nux vomica. Take four tablets a day. 
 
 364 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 365 
 
 You can buy these, tablets in any drug store. Or, Blaud's piils are also 
 very good. Take four pills a day. Fat should be decreased by diet and 
 exercise. The bowels should be kept regular. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Put 15 drops of the second dilution of China , 
 into half a glass of water and give 3 teaspoonfuls every 3 hours for weak- 
 ness resulting from an acute illness. ■" 
 
 To blonde girls and women give the sixth trituration of Pulsatilla. Give 
 3 tablets 4 times a day. 
 
 To brunettes give the sixth trituration of .Sepia. Give 2 tablets 4 times 
 a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Bitter Tonic. — The following bitter tonic formula is a good one. Take 
 1 pound each of poplar bark, golden seal, columbo root and the bark of the root 
 or bayberry ; 6 ounces each of capsicum and cloves and 4 pounds of loaf sugar. 
 Pulverize all, sift, and mix. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 
 3 times a day. Or, you can put 1 ounce of this mixture into a quart of wine 
 and take a wine-glassful 3 times a day. 
 
 2. Baths, Etc. — In case of delayed or obstructed menstruation the patient 
 should take a warm foot or hip bath twice a day a few days before the period. 
 Upon retiring at night apply warm wet cloths to the lower part of the abdomen. 
 
 ACUTE SUPPRESSION OF MENSES DURING A MENSTRUAL 
 
 PERIOD. 
 Causes and Preventive Treatment. — 
 
 The causes are getting wet and chilled. Excitement, grief and anger 
 also cause it. Taking cold is another cause of suppression of the menses and 
 the flow is sometimes checked by taking vinegar. 
 
 In the chapter for girls special attention is called to the care of girls 
 just entering puberty. It might be well, even at the expense of repetition 
 to emphasize what is there written. When a girl becomes " unwell " the 
 first time she must give special care to herself, in addition to what has been 
 taken before this time, in preparing herself physically to enter this period of 
 her life. 
 
 She should not do anything that will cause much anxiety, worry, fatigue 
 or sleeplessness. She must not study much. Girls frequently over st.udy 
 at this time and many are fearfully pale and run down and suffer much 
 from headaches. Such girls should be kept out of school. Good health is of 
 even more importance than a book education. 
 
 When the flow comes she should be quieter than usual and be careful not 
 to take cold. She should not get her feet wet. If her shoes are wet thev must 
 be changed immediately. Taking cold is a common cause of the stopping of 
 the flow. Some girls and women seem to be able to do almost anything at 
 this time but such is not the case with many and even those who do not. suffer 
 at the time are likely to reap the effects in later life. 
 
 The idea of a girl's going to school when she is first unwell or at any 
 time when she is unwell and sitting for hours with wet shoes, stockings and 
 skirts is monstrous and yet this is frequently done. How many girls and 
 women go to a dance when they are unwell and dance themselves into a per- 
 spiration, then go to a cooler part of the building and sit down without any 
 extra wraps ! The result is a cold and the stopping of the flow for that time. 
 
366 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 The next time the menses are likely to be painful and the flow clotted and 
 watery and the girl is in luck if she is able to be up and around. If she 
 escapes inflammation of the womb and congestion and inflammation of the 
 ovaries she is very fortunate. Girls and women cannot take too good care 
 of themselves during the menstrual period. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Rest in bed and take good hot foot baths or sitz baths. A sitz bath is 
 taken by_ sitting over steam arising from a pail of hot water. Take hot drinks 
 or herb teas made from hops,. tansy or pennyroyal. These should be taken 
 until they cause free sweating. Apply warm fomentations of hops or other 
 herbs to the lower part of the abdomen. The object is to produce sweating and 
 if this is done soon after the suppression the flow is very likely to be started 
 again. 
 
 Aconite taken in V^-drop doses every hour for 6 hours will also aid. 
 Take special care of yourself during the succeeding interval and when it is 
 time for the next period. A bitter herb tonic, such as that given for amen- 
 orrhea, is good to be taken during the interval if you need upbuilding. Uni- 
 corn root, beth root or blessed thistle is also good in the tea form. 
 
 Some years ago a friend called my attention to the virtue of the bark 
 of boxwood when made inti*) a tea for girls with disordered menses. My 
 friend learned of this through his mother who had a great knowledge of herb 
 remedies. Since then I have frequently had occasion to prescribe this tea and 
 have found it of great value in such cases. Make the tea by using 2 ounces of. 
 the bark of boxwood to a pint of water and drink an ounce of this tea three 
 times a day. 
 
 If you are married and the menstruation is very slight when you have 
 usually been regular and had a free flow, then it may be that you are preg- 
 nant. In ^uch a case, of course, you are not to use anything to bring on the 
 flow. The above treatment is only for suppression from the causes above 
 given. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Tansy, Hops, Pennyroyal, Ginger, Etc. — For suppression of the menses 
 apply hot poultices of tansy and hops to the abdomen and drink freely of 
 tansy, pennyroyal, ginger or motherwort tea. These are all good. 
 
 2. Verwine Tea. — For suppressed menses a tea made of verwine root 
 IS highly recommended. Take half a teacupful 3 times a day for a few days 
 before time for the menses. 
 
 SCANTY MENSTRUATION. 
 Causes and Treatment. — 
 
 The causes and treatment are somewhat similar to those given for amen- 
 orrhea. Attend to any womb trouble that may be the cause. 
 
 Before leaving the subject of suppressed menstruation from getting wet 
 or cold and like cattses I want to impress upon mothers the necessity of 
 attending to this trouble immediately. By so doing you will save your 
 daughters from much trouble, pain and suflFering. 
 
 EXCESSIVE MENSTRUAL FLOW— (MENORRHAGIA). 
 Causes. — The causes are inflammation of the womb, ovaries or tubes; 
 fibroids or tumors of the womb ; and debility or a general run down condition. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 367 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Remove the causes by attending to the diseases and build up the system 
 with tonics. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Take pills or tablets made of arsenic, iron 
 and nux vomica. Take 4 tablets a day. These may be bought at any 
 drug store. The compound tincture of cinchona and gentian used together 
 as a bitter tonic is also good. Use equal parts of each and take a teaspoonful 
 every 4 hours. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Every 3 hours alternate the second dilution 
 li China with the third dilution of Phosphoric Acid. Prepare by putting 
 10 or 15 drops of each of these medicines into separate glasses half full 
 of water. Give two teaspoonfuls of either at a dose. 
 
 Herb Remedies and Combinations. — The bitter tonic given under amenor- 
 rhea is good for this trouble. 
 
 Another good remedy is to take 1 ounce of prickly ash bark, 3 ounces of 
 ginger root, 3 ounces of wild cherry bark, 5 ounces of balmony, 5 ounces of 
 golden seal, 7 ounces of poplar bark and 2% pounds of good sugar. All are 
 to be made fine, sifted, and well mixed. The dose is a heaping teaspoonful 
 in a little boiling water 3 times a day. 
 
 Columbo root, orange peel, unicorn, prince's feather and Solomon's seal 
 are all good. 
 
 Five drops of oil of fireweed every 1 to 3 hours is very good when the 
 bleeding must be stopped quickly. Put this on sugar and take internally. 
 This remedy is also very good for dysentery. 
 
 When a girl or woman has menorrhagia from debility, these bitter tonics 
 and restorative medicines will do much good. If the trouble is due to fibroid 
 tumors of the womb, or to inflammation of the womb, ovaries or tubes, of 
 course such conditions must be treated. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. General Instructions. — In case of profuse menstruation the patient 
 should lie down upon the bed and eat and drink nothing of a stimulating 
 nature. Keep the room cool and the patient lightly covered. The feet should 
 be put into warm water. If the flow is excessive the hips should be elevated 
 higher than the head and cloths wrung out of vinegar and water should be 
 applied to the lower part of the abdomen. 
 
 2. Charcoal, Geranium and Alum. — For profuse menstruation take equal 
 parts of powdered charcoal, geranium and alum. Mix these and give 15 
 grains every 10 or 20 minutes. 
 
 3. Cinnamon and Red Raspberry Leaves. — For profuse menstruation 
 drink freely of a tea made of red raspberry leaves and cinnamon bark or cinna- 
 mon bark alone. This remedy will be found very effective. 
 
 4. Alum and Nutmeg. — For profuse menstruation a Philadelphia phy- 
 sician recommends the following simple but effective prescription. Take 5 
 to 20 grains of powdered alum and 2 grains of grated nutmeg. Mix this into 
 a powder and give every hour in syrup made of white sugar. 
 
 PAINFUL AND DIFFICULT MENSTRUATION— 
 (DYSMENORRHEA). 
 CAUSES. — This trouble is very common among girls and women. Tak- 
 mg cold at or just before the menstrual period and thus causing suppression 
 
368 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 or partial suppression of the flow at the time, is one of the causes of this 
 trouble and especially is this true if this carelessness is repeated or continued. 
 Women should be very careful not to do anything to cause either an entire 
 or partial suppression of the menstrual flow. The main causes of this diseasq 
 are womb troubles ; laceration or tearing of the neck of the womb, generally 
 caused by childbirth ; displacements, backwards and forwards, partially clos- 
 ing the cervical canal ; and stenosis which is the almost entire closing of the 
 mouth of the womb and consequent narrowing of the cervical canal. In un- 
 married women stenosis is the most frequent cause. In married women the 
 causes are disease, displacement, inflammation and stenosis. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Pain is the main symptom and it is very severe. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 The treatment is to give hot teas and drinks and hot foot baths or sitz 
 baths. Apply the hot water bag over the womb or hot fomentations of hops. 
 During the interval the bitter tonic given under " Amenorrhea " is good. For 
 the spasms and pain, motherwort, ginger or valerian may be united with other 
 herb remedies. The " Mother's Cordial " given under " Leucorrhea " is also 
 good to build up the system. First use the means mentioned but if the womb 
 is displaced or the canal is too small the doctor must attend the case. It may 
 be necessary to dilate the cervical canal or curette the womb. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Put 10 drops of the first dilution of Cocculus 
 into a glass % full of water and give 2 teaspoonfuls every 10 minutes until 
 relieved. 
 
 During the intervals 'give one tablet 4 times a day of the third tritura- 
 tion of Pulsatilla or use the sixth trituration of Sepia in the same way. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Unicom Root. — It is best in powder or tincture form. Take from 5 
 to 10 grains of the powder 3 times a day. The dose of the tincture is 5 drops 
 in water 3 times a day and the dose of the fluid extract is from 15 to 20 drops. 
 This may be combined with other remedies. 
 
 2. Cramp Bark. — Cramp bark or high cranberry bark is good for pain- 
 ful menses. The dose of the decoction is 2 ounces 3 or 3 times a day. The 
 dose of the fluid extract is from 15 to 30 drops. This may also be combined 
 with other remedies. 
 
 3. Blue Cohosh. — A tea made by boiling an ounce of blue cohosh in a 
 pint of water is good for dysmenorrhea. The dose is from 1 to 4 ounces 3 or 
 4 times a day. This is a womb tonic and may be combined with black cohosh 
 and unicorn root. You can then use the fluid extract, the dose of which is 
 from 15 to 20 drops. These remedies work best in combination. 
 
 METRORRHAGIA. 
 
 This usually means an excessive flow between the menstrual periods. 
 
 CAUSES. — The causes are chronic inflammation of the lining of the 
 womb, polypus, cancer, or fibroid tumors in the womb. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Remove the causes. Treat the inflammation and remove the polypi and 
 fibroids. Keep up the health by tonics such as tablets containing arsenic, iron 
 and nux vomica. These tablets can be bought at any drug store. Use bitter 
 herbs such as columbo, gentian and cinchona. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — ^Put 10 drops of the second dilution of China 
 into half a glass of water and take 2 teaspoonfuls every 3 or 3 hours. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 369 
 
 DISEASES OF THE VULVA. 
 Description of the Parts. — The vulva is the outside fleshy part that 
 protects the opening to the vagina. About half an inch above this opening is 
 the opening of the urethra and above this is the clitoris. The fleshy part is 
 made up largely of the labia majora and labia minora, or the large and small 
 lips. Between the opening of the vagina and the anus, or opening of the bowel, 
 is a muscular part called the " perineum." This has a great deal to do in labor 
 and is generally torn to a greater or less degree ; sometimes back to and into 
 the bowel. This is caused by a difficult labor and carelessness. The perineum 
 makes up part of what is called the pelvic floor. This floor supports the 
 structure above (vagina, womb, etc.) and when this gives way the supports 
 or ligaments have too much to hold and hence sag, causing falling of the 
 organs. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE VULVA— (VULVITIS). 
 
 This is not a common disease. 
 
 CAUSES. — Gonorrhea is a frequent cause of vulvitis. The disease is 
 also caused by irritating discharges from the vagina and also by sweat, 
 smegma, urine, thread worms, and uncleanliness and especially in hot weather. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^The mucous membrane is swollen and red and an abun- 
 dant discharge covers the parts. There is local pain. Sometimes one of the 
 lips only is affected and an abscess forms. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 If an abscess forms' it should be opened early and scraped. Rest in a 
 lying position and observe cleanliness. Separate the lips and bathe and clean 
 frequently with warm water. After bathing and cleansing the parts a local 
 wash of boracic acid will be found good. Use a dram of boracic acid to a 
 pint of water. If it comes from gonorrhea use a 2 per cent, solution of nitrate 
 of silver locally after the parts have been thoroughly cleansed. All parts must 
 be thoroughly treated. If of gonorrheal origin the disease may remain at the 
 mouth of the urethra, in the ducts of the glands, etc. All traces of the disease 
 must be eradicated before the patient is discharged for the septic material may 
 be carried from the diseased organs to the vagina, womb, tubes and ovaries 
 with terrible results. Any inflammation of the urethra must also be properly 
 treated. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE VULVO-VAGINAL GLANDS. 
 These glands are two in number, about the size of a bean and are situated 
 deep in the inner part of the large lips or labia majora. The duct of the gland 
 is about an inch long. This duct usually becomes inflamed in vulvitis and the 
 inflammation may extend, producing an abscess of this gland. Inflammation 
 may also occur separately from septic or gonorrheal infection. When the duct 
 alone is inflamed it should be laid open with scissors and knife and cauterized 
 with nitrate of silver stick or pure carbolic acid. Of course a physician will 
 be required for this operation. 
 
 SUPPURATION OF THE VULVO-VAGINAL GLANDS. 
 
 Symptoms. — This is accompanied with marked swelling which may ex- 
 tend to the anus, or opening of the bowel. Pain is always severe. Suppura- 
 tion is first apparent on the inner surface of the large labia or lips. If not 
 
 £4 
 
370 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 treated openings appear and it becomes chronic. A thin, milky or greenish, 
 matter-like fluid may be pressed out of the duct or the fistulous openings. In- 
 fection from this discharge may be communicated to man, or may ascend the 
 genital tract producing inflammation of the womb or of the fallopian tubes. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Make a free cut immediately into the lip at the junction of the skin and 
 mucous tnembrane, wipe out the interior with carbolic acid and pack the 
 cavity with gauze. If chronic, the hardened gland, duct and fistulous tracts 
 miast be cut out and the wound packed with gauze. Sometimes the wound is 
 closed immediately with catgut sutures. This condition is quite frequent. It 
 is sometimes caused by injuries and it sometimes comes during pregnancy 
 when it must be immediately attended to for the reasons given above. 
 
 ITCHING OF THE VULVA— (PRURITUS VULVA) . - 
 
 CAUSES. — Itching of the vulva is a very annoying trouble. The causes 
 are many. Eruptions of the vulva, such as eczema ; irritating discharges from 
 the vagina and womb ; cancer of the womb ; thread worms and irritation from 
 diabetic urine are among the causes. Diseases of the womb, tubes and ovaries 
 are also causes and sometimes it is impossible to find the cause. It is sometimes 
 very severe during pregnancy. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The itching may be so severe that the woman cannot 
 refrain from scratching and rubbing the parts on all occasions. She becomes ' 
 debarred from the society of her friends and seeks relief in anodynes and 
 hypnotics. The itching may extend into the vagina, to the skin of the abt 
 domen, to the inner part of the thighs and to the anus. 
 
 TREATMENT. — You must find the cause if possible. Examine any va- 
 ginal or uterine discharge. Discharges from the womb may be absorbed by 
 placing a pledget of cotton against the womb and removing frequently so , 
 that the discharge does not touch the vulva ; or, the parts may be l<«pt clean 
 by frequent douches. In children, examine the stools for pin worms. Ex- 
 amine the urine for diabetes. Treat diseases of the uterus, tubes and ovaries. 
 When no local cause .can be found treat the general nutrition of the patient. 
 A gouty condition or alcoholic drinks, rich food, fish and shell fish may cause 
 it. In case of diabetes keep the parts clean of the urine by drying after each 
 urination and dusting with a powder consisting of equal parts of subnitrate 
 o^ bismuth and prepared chalk. The following applications are also good but 
 they are poison and should be used with care. Mix 1/2 grain of bichloride of 
 mercury with an ounce of emulsion of bitter almonds and apply twice a day ; 
 or, twice a day apply a powder consisting of 1 grain of morphine and 2 grains 
 of prepared chalk. Another good preparation is made by mixing 1 dram of 
 carbolic acid with 5 drams each of tincture of opium, tincture of iodine and 
 tincture of aconite. Appy once or twice in 24 hours. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Borax Water, — As an application for itching of the private parts use 
 a solution made by dissolving an ounce of borax in a pint of rain water. 
 
 2. Green Tea. — Green tea, when not too strong, is a good application 
 for itching of the privates. 
 
 3. Alum Water. — Weak alum water is a good wash for this troublesome 
 disease. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 371 
 
 WARTS OF THE VULVA— (PAPILLOMA). 
 
 Causes. — These are usually the result of gonorrhea or syphilis but they 
 may be caused by irritation from filth or by the leucorrbea of pregnancy. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Small ones should be picked up with forceps and clipped off with curved 
 scissors. Large ones should be cut off and the wounds closed with stitches. 
 
 ADHESIONS OF THE CLITORIS. 
 
 This organ is somewhat similar to the male organ and is situated above 
 the urethral opening and is partly covered by the folds of the vulva. Ad- 
 hesions, between the glans clitoris proper and the hood which covers it, are 
 exceedingly common. No trouble may come from this unless an accumulation 
 of smegma or thick secretion takes place or irritation is produced by the pres- 
 ence of any hard substance. This should always be looked after in a child 
 who has any irritation or redness around the vulva. Little girls frequently 
 put their hands there and rub. In such a case the parts must be examined. 
 You will then be very likely to find the parts adherent or dirty the same as 
 is often the case with the penis in a boy. The irritation causes rubbing of 
 the parts and often the child becomes an involuntary masturbator. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 The adherent parts should be loosened. This is easily done and the raw 
 surface should then be covered with clean vaseline and the patient should 
 keep from walking as long as there is pain. The hood should be drawn back 
 and the vaseline applied every day for two weeks to prevent adhesions. 
 
 I once treated a little child a few months old who had slight convulsions. 
 After freeing the clitoris of the hood the convulsions ceased. If you see 
 children of either sex frequently putting their hands to their private partSi 
 those parts are either dirty or adherent and need attention. Bad habits can be 
 prevented by timely attention to this trouble and the operation is very easily 
 performed. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE VAGINA. 
 Description of Parts. — The vagina lies back of the bladder and in front 
 of the rectum and extends from the vulva to the womb. The vagina ex- 
 tends upward and backward as a transverse slit in the pelvic floor. It is the 
 canal leading from the vulva to the womb. The front wall is 3% inches long 
 and the back wall is SYz inches long. The walls are triangular in shape, being 
 broader above than below. At the upper end the cervical portion, or neck, of 
 the womb can be seen. This cavity is lined with mucous membrane and this 
 is subject to disease. 
 
 LEUCORRHEA— WHITES. 
 
 Causes. — This is a very common and a very annoying trouble. It is 
 caused by diseases of the ovaries, tubes, vagina and womb._ It is also caused 
 by a tear of the cervix, ulceration, debility, anemia, chlorosis, etc. A relaxed 
 condition of the vagina and surrounding parts and suppressed and irregular 
 menses also cause it. Frequently it comes before and after the menstrual 
 period. It is a symptom in many diseases. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a constant oozing of a thin white matter from 
 the vagina. Sometimes this matter is yellow or brown. There is pain in the 
 
Sn THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 back and loins and this pain is increased by exercise. There is a wasting away 
 of the flesh and a weary and dejected look. Sometimes the discharge is irri- 
 tating atid offensive. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 If the disease is caused by systemic trouble, such as chlorosis, the system 
 should be built up with tonics. If it comes from diseases of the womb, etc., 
 these diseases should be treated. There are many ways of treating it locally — 
 by douches, vaginal cones, etc. Injections are certainly good for leucorrhea. 
 Before using medical injections it is well to wash out the vagina with warm 
 water and some antiseptic solution like carbolic acid (1 teaspoonful to a pint 
 of water), listerine, glyco-thymoline, etc. Then, when the vagina is cleansed, 
 use some healing medicine like a tea or decoction made from golden seal, witch 
 hazel, tannic acid or white oak bark. Golden seal is good but it stains the 
 clothing. Lloyd's hydrastis, or golden seal, is colorless but you must use more 
 of it. Use 4 teaspoonfuls of it to a pint of water as an injection. These in- 
 jections and hot water injections are good cleansers and healers. Boric acid, 
 beth root or pinus canadensis also make good injections. The following is a 
 good injection. Take cranesbill, witch hazel, black cohosh and golden seal, 
 half an ounce of each, coarsely bruised, and boiling water 1 quart; mix the 
 articles thoroughly and steep with gentle heat in a closed vessel for two'hours ; 
 remove from the fire and strain. This is a fine injection for leucorrhea, and 
 falling of the womb and bowel. 
 
 From 10 to 30 drops of tincture of myrrh three times a day is good for • 
 leucorrhea. The following is a good tonic for leucorrhea and falling of the 
 womb. Mix 1/4 ounce of comfrey root, 2 ounces of elecampane root and 1 
 ounce of horehound and add 3 quarts of water. Boil from 3 quarts down to 
 3 pints ; strain, and add while warm, % ounce of powdered beth root, 1 pint of 
 brandy and 1 pound of loaf sugar. The dose is from % to % of a wine-glass- 
 ful 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 Attend to the diseases that produce leucorrhea ; take tonics and strength- 
 ening remedies and take plenty of exercise. Some good home remedies are 
 given and the " Mother's Cordial " will be found especially good. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. " Mother's Cordial " or Compound Syrup of Partridge Berry. — This is 
 a uterine tonic and is a good remedy for leucorrhea, amenorrhea, dysmenor- 
 rhea, menorrhagia, spasms, cramps, and to overcome a ^fendency to miscar- 
 riage. The dose is from 3 to 4 ounces 3 times a day. One or two doses daily 
 for several weeks before confinement is good. Take 1 pound of partridge 
 berry, 4 ounces of helonias root, 4 ounces of high cranberry bark and 4 ounces 
 of blue cohosh root. Grind and mix the articles together ; place in a convenient 
 vessel ; cover with fourth proof brandy and steep for 3 days. Then transfer 
 all to a filtering apparatus and gradually add brandy until 3 pints of the spirit- 
 uous tincture have been obtained, which reserve. Then continue the filtering 
 with hot water until the liquid passes tasteless. Add to this 3 pounds of 
 granulated sugar and evaporate with gentle heat to 5 pints ; remove from the 
 fire ; add the reserved 3 pints and flavor with essence of sassafras. 
 
 2. Restorative Bitters. — The roots and flowers used should all be bruised. 
 Take 1 ounce each of comfrey root, Solomon's seal root and spikenard root; 
 y2 ounce each of chamomile flowers, columbo root and gentian root; 4 pints 
 of sherry wine and a sufficient quantity of boiling water. Place the herbs in 
 
 a:^ 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 373 
 
 a vessel, cover with boiling vi^ater and allow the compound to steep for 24 
 hours, keeping it closely covered ; then add the sherry wine, steep -for 14 
 days, press and filter. The dose is from I/2 to 3 fluid ounces 3 or 4 times a 
 day. This is a very good tonic for all diseases peculiar to females and it is 
 especially good for leucorrhea, menorrhagia, amenorrhea, weak back, etc. 
 
 3. Solomon's Seal, Spikenard, Wild Cherry, Peach Root, Etc. — Take 1 
 ounce each of bruised spikenard root, Solomon's seal root, gentian, wild 
 cherry bark and peach root ; add 4 pints of boiling water ; simmer slowly to 1 
 pint and then add 4 pints of native wine. Steep for 4 days, press, filter and 
 add 2 ounces of loaf sugar. The dose is from % to 2 fluid ounces 3 or 4 times 
 a <lay. This is good for leucorrhea and other female troubles. 
 
 4. Pulverized Egg Shells. — Burnt and pulverized egg shells are a good 
 remedy for leucorrhea. The dose is 10 grains in sweetened milk. 
 
 5. Alum Water. — If the leucorrhea is from the womb take 1 dram of 
 tannic acid, % ounce of pulverized alum, and 1 quart of water and use half 
 this quantity night and morning as an injection. 
 
 6. Alum and Honey of Roses. — Mix 1 dram of alum with 1 ounce of 
 honey of roses and 3 ounces of water. Put a tablespoonful of this into a cup 
 of water and use as an injection twice a day. 
 
 7. Green Tea. — For leucorrhea take a sitting bath every day and use in- 
 jections of tepid water 3 or 4 times a day. Injections of weak gredn tea are 
 excellent for many cases. 
 
 8. Cider and Alum. — Injections of sweet cider or a weak solution of 
 alum are excellent in many cases of leucorrhea. 
 
 9. Borax and Poppy Heads. — Add IV2 ounces of pulverized borax to a 
 pint of tea made from poppy heads and use this as an injection. This is fine 
 for whites, or leiicorrhea. 
 
 10. Tannic Acid and Alum, — Keep the bowels open and use ,injections 
 made by dissolving an ounce of alum and 3 drams of tannic acid in a quart of 
 water. One-third of this quantity should be used as an injection 3 times a 
 day for leucorrhea. 
 
 11. Black Cohosh and Tannic Acid. — An excellent injection for leucor- 
 rhea is a decoction of black cohosh root with from 1 to 3 drams of tannic acid 
 added. 
 
 12. Golden Seal and Cranesbill. — A strong decoction made by using 2 
 parts of golden seal to 1 part of cranesbill is a very valuable injectioti for leu- 
 corrhea. 
 
 13. Beth Root. — From 2 to 4 ounces of a tea made of beth root is good 
 for leucorrhea when taken internally 3 times a day. It is also good as an 
 injection. 
 
 14. Witch Hazel. — After the vagina has been thoroughly syringed and 
 cleansed use witch hazel as an injection. Half an ounce in water is usually 
 used at each injection but in severe cases it may be used half strength. 
 
 15. Golden Seal. — Injections of golden seal tea are fine for leucorrhea. 
 
 16. Hemlock Spruce. — A strong decoction of hemlock spruce is good for 
 leucorrhea when taken internally and is especially good when used as an injec- 
 tion. It is also good for falling of the womb. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE VAGINA— (VAGINITIS). 
 In simple vaginitis the membrane remains smooth. Granular vaginitis is 
 
374 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 the kind usually seen and in this the papillae ^are infiltrated with small ones 
 and are much enlarged so that the inflamed part has a granular appearance. 
 
 SYMPTOMS OF THE ACUTE FORMS.— There is a dull pain and a 
 sense of fulness in the pelvis which is increased by walking, standing, and 
 emptying of either the bowels or bladder. There is also a free discharge of 
 serum or pus which may be mixed with blood. The character of the dis- 
 charge depends upon the kind and period of the disease. If the acute form is 
 neglected it may pass into the chronic form. It usually lingers in the upper 
 parts of the vagina in the corners and especially is this true if the vaginitis is 
 of gonorrheal origin. By careful inspection we find here one or more granular 
 patches of inflammation which cause a vaginal discharge from which man 
 may be infected and from which infection of the upper portion of the genital 
 tract, the uterus, and fallopian tubes may be derived. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Vaginitis, especially that of gonorrheal origin, should be treated vigor- 
 ously and thoroughly until all traces of it are go,ne. Keep as quiet as pos- 
 sible and move the bowels with epsom or rochelle salts. Take, 3 times in 2.4 
 hours while lying upon the back, a vaginal douche of boracic acid solution, 
 using 1 dram of boracic acid to a pint of water. The temperature of the 
 solution should be 100 degrees. If the" disease comes from gonorrhea a warn? 
 bichloride of mercury solution should be used in the same way, using 1 part 
 of the medicine to 5,000 parts of water. After the acute symptoms have dis- 
 appeared local application can also be made in addition to the douches. Clean ' 
 the vaginal surfaces gently with warm water and cotton. If there is much 
 pain apply a 4 per cent, solution of cocaine to the surfaces ; then the entire 
 vaginal surface should be painted with a solution of bichloride of mercury 
 (1 to 1,000). Apply daily until cured, continuing the douches. Tablets of 
 bichloride of mercury, or corrosive sublimate as it is also called, can be bought 
 at any drug store and of any strength. 
 
 In simple vaginitis you can use douches of boracic acid, 1 dram to a pint 
 of water, and afterward inject a solution of golden seal, witch hazel or white 
 oak bark. These last are to be used after the acute symptoms are past and no 
 doctor can be obtained. Warm salt water is also good. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — In the first stages use the second dilution oi 
 Aconite and after the first 24 hours use the third dilutidn of Belladonna. When 
 there is a mucous discharge use the third trituration of Mercurius. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE WOMB. 
 
 FALLING OF THE WOMB— (PROLAPSUS UTERI). 
 
 Complete prolapsus or falling is when the womb protrudes outside the 
 vagina. This is very unusual. • 
 
 CAUSES.— One cause is injury to the pelvic floor caused by tearing the 
 perineum during childbirth. Other causes are relaxation of the womb liga- 
 ments from too frequent labor, old age, weakness, heavy lifting and falls or 
 anything that tends to weaken the supports or ligaments. Getting up too soon 
 after labor by those whose labor is very hard is also a cause. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are backache, weakness of the legs, a 
 bearing down feeling like the parts would come out and crossing of the legs. 
 The pain in the back frequently disappears when lying doivn. Headache 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 375 
 
 situated in the back part of the head, pain extending down the back part of 
 the thighs and irritation of the bladder and bowels are other symptoms. You 
 can feel the opening of the womb low down in the vagina. This disease is 
 readily diagnosed by examination of the vagina. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 First of all restore the perineum by operating. Rest in bed and assume 
 the chest position 3 or 4 times a day for from 5 to 15 minutes at a time. Put 
 the chest on the bed, draw the knees up and rest on them and the chest. This 
 position throws the womb up and forward. Keep the bowels open. Use one 
 or two hot vaginal douches each day of a 1 to 4,000 bichloride solution or use 
 home remedies as injections. Witch hazel is very good or beth root or white 
 oak bark tea. These injections should be continued for a long time. Make a 
 strong infusion of witch hazel and inject twice a day. If the womb has com- 
 pletely protruded it must be put back carefully with the hands if it cannot 
 be put back by assuming the knee-chest position. In this trouble the womb 
 often comes out after a stool. You should then use the bichloride douche as 
 it is cleansing and thoroughly antiseptic. Or, if you do not have this solution 
 you should wash the womb with warm witch hazel tea ; then anoint the fingers 
 with vaseline and gently push the organ back into the vagina. Then inject 
 £ool witch hazel and remain in bed for several days. Continue using the witch 
 hazel as an injection. Use the bed pan for the bowels and the urine so as to 
 avoid getting up. Frequently assume the knee-chest position. 
 
 If the perineum is in good condition, pessaries or supports ire found use- 
 ful in many cases. Some women make tampons and put them into the vagina. 
 If these are used they should be changed frequently. Stem pessaries or sup- 
 ports are good but are unpleasant to wear and in time the hard rubber may 
 irritate the womb. I have found Farr's Prolapse Uterine Supporter, of the 
 stem kind, to be very good. This pessary is made of rubber that gives enough 
 to be worn very comfortably and successfully. The medium size is usually 
 the one to order. These pessaries are made in Boston. I placed one in a lady 
 about 60 years old who was suffering with almost complete prolapsus or fall- 
 ing of the womb. She wore it for years with comfort and success and ordered 
 another when the first was worn out. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Alum, Geranium and White Oak Bark. — For falling of the womb use 
 as an injection a tea made with a pint of water and 1 ounce of either geranium 
 or white oak bark. A solution of an ounce of alum in a pint of water is also 
 a fine remedy. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — These are all good for they are astringents. 
 
 3. Hops, Solomon's Seal and Peach Leaves.— For falling of the womb 
 make a tea of equal parts of hops, Solomon's seal and peach leaves, and use, 
 this as an injection. If there is heat and difficulty in passing water drink a 
 tea made of spearmint and marshmallow. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Solomon's seal is astringent, peach leaves are 
 slightly so, and the hops are quieting. 
 
 BENDING FORWARD OF THE WOMB— (ANTEFLEXION). 
 
 Anteflexion is an unnatural bending forward of the womb. The womb 
 is naturally bent forward a little and especially when the bladder is empty. 
 
376 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 This bending forward becomes a disease when the bend in the cervical canal 
 is sufficient to impede the escape of the menstrual and other uterine discharges. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The most prominent symptom is dysmenorrhea or pain- 
 ful menstruation. Violent pains in the center of the abdomen, extending down 
 the thighs, occur several hours before the flow begins. In the later years of 
 ,the disease the pain extends to the whole of the pelvis and the back. Nausea 
 and vomiting may be present during the height of the pain. When the flow 
 has started the pain is relieved and may be absent during the remainder of the 
 menstrual period. The blood is clotted during the first part of the flow. Unless 
 relieved by pregnancy or by proper treatment the trouble will continue. The 
 suffering increases with time. Inflammation of the womb, tubes, and ovaries 
 follow old cases of anteflexion. Sterility usually accompanies well marked 
 cases. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 If pregnancy occurs and runs a normal course the disease will be cured. 
 Miscarriage, ^owever, is very likely to occur during the early months of preg- 
 nancy and especially in cases of long standing. The object of the treatment 
 is to straighten the cervical canal. The use of the stem pessary is dangerous. 
 The best method is rapid forcible dilation by a competent operator. This 
 should be done one week after the menstrual period. Anteflexion is usually 
 a disease of the unmarried or sterile woman. 
 
 RETROVERSION AND RETROFLEXION OF THE WOMB. 
 
 Retroversion means a turning back of the womb and retroflexion means 
 a bending backward of the uterine or womb axis. Usually both retroversion 
 and retroflexion exist together. 
 
 CAUSES. — They may be congenital. Falls, blows, twisting of the body, 
 or sudden efforts of lifting may be the cause. Labor is probably the most 
 frequent cause. If a woman leaves her bed or goes to work too^soon after 
 miscarriage or labor many conditions are present that favor these troubles. 
 The womb is then larger and heavier than usual ; the uterine ligaments, 
 vagina, and vaginal opening are relaxed and the support of the pelvic floor 
 is consequently deficient; the abdominal walls are relaxed and the holding 
 power of the abdomen is lessened. These causes also favor falling of the 
 womb. Retroflexion is a disease of women who have been pregnant and have 
 borne children. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In these cases there is serious disarrangement of the 
 circulation and this results in enlargement of the womb and chronic conges- 
 tion or inflammation of its lining. There is also an irritable bladder with pain- 
 ful and frequent urination in many cases. Pressure of the body of the womb 
 upon the rectum may also cause constipation and nervous trouble. The 
 rectum often feels obstructed and piles may occur. Backache situated in the 
 upper part of the sacrum and headache on either the top or at the back of the 
 head and a feeling of weight and dragging in the pelvis and extending down 
 the thighs are symptoms of these troubles. Physical weakness or inatility 
 to stand or walk more than a short time is often very marked. Congestion 
 of the ovaries may result and then there is pain in the ovarian region. Menor-- 
 rhagia and leucorrhea occur and menstruation is usually painful. At the 
 menstrual period the backache headache, ovarian pain and bladder disturb- 
 ance are increased. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 377 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Vaginal pessaries of proper shape and size should be worn. These must 
 be of such shape and size that they may be worn without feeling them. They 
 must not cause pain. The womb should be replaced before the support is 
 introduced. The woman who wears a support should be under a doctor's ob- 
 servation that he may see how it acts and if the displacement is cured. The 
 womb is sometimes operated on for these troubles. Ventro-fixation or ventro- 
 suspension of the womb and shortening of the round ligaments are the treat- 
 ments. Of course these operations are to be performed only as a last resort 
 and by a competent man. 
 
 LACERATION OF THE NECK OF THE WOMB— (LACERATION 
 OF THE CERVIX UTERI). 
 
 Laceration or tearing of the neck of the womb is of very frequent occur- 
 rence. In almost every case of labor there is tearing of this part to a greater 
 or less extent. The majority of cases heal without causing any trouble. 
 These lacerations may be large or small. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Leucorrhea is usually present; menstruation may be ir- 
 regular and increased in duration; and backache and headache may be pres- 
 ent. If the tear is extensive, pelvic pain may be experienced. Sometimes 
 very marked nervous disturbances are caused by laceration and especially 
 if there is very much scar tissue. Neuralgia may occur and is usually sit- 
 uated in the pelvis. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 All forms of laceration of the cervix in which there exist erosion, eyer- 
 sion (turning out), cystic degeneration, and sclerosis (hard tissue) should be 
 operated on. In women approaching middle life or the age of forty all lacera- 
 tions of the cervix should be closed whether or not they produce symptoms. 
 Cancer of the neck of the womb is most likely to begin in an old lacera- 
 tion and the woman should be protected against this danger. The operation 
 is called " frachelorraphy " and consists of freshening or excising the tissues 
 of the torn surfaces and bringing the freshened edges together with futures. 
 This operation is very successful and is not especially severe or dangerous 
 
 CERVICAL CATARRH— (ACUTE AND CHRONIC). 
 
 This is an inflammation of the cervical mucous membrane. The cervix, 
 or neck, of the womb is the lower part of the womb and looks like the small 
 end of a large pear. Through the center runs a channel called the cervical 
 canal and this continues to the inner opening and into the womb cavity. At 
 the outer or lower end of this canal the opening is called the external os 
 (mouth) ; at the inner end the opening is called the internal os. Between 
 these openings is the so-called cervical canal which is widest in the center.. 
 Cervical catarrh is an inflammation of the walls of this canal. 
 
 Acute Cervical Catarrh. — This occurs generally as a part of a general 
 acute process aflfecting the whole inner lining of the womb and is com- 
 monly the result of gonorrheal or septic infection. It will be considered 
 under " General Endometritis." 
 
 Chronic Cervical Catarrh. — This is a chronic inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the cervical canal. It is an exceedingly common affection. 
 
378 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Unless it is caused by gonorrhea it is nearly always secondary to some 
 local or general condition. The discharge is a thick tenacious mucus and 
 differs decidedly from the vaginal mucus. It is often opaque, rarely pus, 
 and seldom streaked with blood. The mucous membrane becomes swollen and 
 may project or prolapse beyond the limits of the external opening so that the 
 opening has a ring around it of red and congested mucous membrane like 
 the eyelids in conjunctivitis. This inflammation may extend, to the vaginal 
 part of the cervix. The most usual secondary cause of this trouble is lacer- 
 ation of the cervix. Also, the various displacements of the womb are often 
 accompanied by this trouble. Frequent douches of cold water to prevent 
 conception are said to be a cause. Gonorrhea seems in many cases to be com- 
 municated directly and primarily from the male to the cervical mucous mem- 
 brane and this results in a most obstinate form of chronic inflammation and 
 if not properly treated may cause terrible disaster by causing disease of the 
 organs beyond. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The most conspicuous symptom is the leucorrhea with 
 thick, tenacious, opaque mucus. The quantity is often so great that the clothes 
 of the woman are soiled and she is obliged to wear a napkin. There may bfe 
 slight backache and a feeling of vague discomfort or pain in the pelvis. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Find the cause and treat it. Attend to the laceration or displacement. 
 If caused by scrofula, syphilis or tuberculosis, treat these conditions. Local 
 treatment by douches aids the cure. Give some general, tonic treatment such 
 as Blaud's pills, the prescription for which is here given. Take 3 drams each 
 of pulv. ferri sulph. exsic and potass, carb. puree ; make into a mass ; divide into 
 48 pills and take 3 or 4 a day. Bitter tonics and tonic herb remedies are good. 
 Local treatment must be administered carefully. A great deal of harm is 
 done and especially by the application of harsh remedies and by the unclean 
 way in which they are so often applied. Injections of golden seal and witch 
 hazel often do good. Warm water is also a good injection. The gonorrheal 
 kind will be treated later. , 
 
 CANCER OF THE CERVIX OR NECK OF THE WOMB. 
 
 This is a very common disease. About one-third of all cases of cancer 
 in women affect the womb. It appears at almost every period of life except 
 infancy but it occurs most frequently between the ages of thirty and fifty. 
 Cancer of the cervix is a disease of the child-bearing woman. It is very 
 rare in women who have never been pregnant. The stout and well nourished 
 mother of a large family is very likely to have cancer of the cervix. 
 
 CAUSES. — The chief predisposing cause of cancer of the cervix is a 
 laceration or tear caused by miscarriage or labor. Cancer of the vaginal 
 cervix very often begins in the mild erosion of an old laceration. True ulcer- 
 ation, as a mild condition, is very rare in the cervix ; so, when an erosion turns 
 into an ulceration it should always excite the gravest suspicion. It may ex- 
 tend to the vagina, to the body of the womb, to the broaJ ligamehts, the 
 bladder, rectum, and to the peritoneum and may be carried by the Ij'-mphatic 
 vessels to the pelvic and inguinal glands. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A study of the early symptoms of cancer of the cervix is 
 of greatest importance. In the early stages the disease may be eradicated 
 with every probability of permanent cure. The great majority of women 
 with cancer of the cervix come to the operator when the disease has extended 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 379 
 
 too far to permit of any radical treatment. The usual symptoms are bleeding:, 
 pain and discharge. The bleeding often appears ifirst as a menorrhagia which 
 is an increase in the amount of blood lost at the normal menstrual period. 
 The loss may be greater and the period longer. In other cases slight bleed- 
 ing appears between the menses and a spot of blood may be noticed upon 
 the clothing. The leucorrheal discharge may occasionally be streaked with 
 blood. The patient usually discharges blood after long walking or stand- 
 ing, or physical work, or after straining at stool or very often after sexual 
 intercourse. If the " change of life " has been passed the bleeding may appear 
 as a re-establishment of menstruation. It may occur with more or less regular- 
 ity every month or every 3 or 4 months or it may appear as an occasional loss of 
 blood after unwonted effort. Such flow in a women over 30 years of age 
 demands immediate and careful physical examination. Any bleeding from 
 the vagina in a woman who has passed the " change of life " should arouse 
 the gravest suspicion. Pain is not a constant accompaniment of this disease in 
 the early stages nor is it in any way characteristic. In some cases it is 
 absent entirely. The pain, when present, may be dull or it may be sharp and 
 piercing. 
 
 The discharge may be present in cancer of the cervix before there are 
 any symptoms of bleeding or pain. It may first appear as an ordinary cervical 
 leucorrhea in a woman previously free from such a discharge; or, it may ap- 
 pear as an increase of the accustomed leucorrhea. Later the leucorrhea be- 
 comes pus-like in character and streaked with blood. It becomes thinner, 
 constant and brownish. The pus and debris from the breaking down cancer- 
 ous mass increase and a horrible odor characteristic of the later stages of 
 cancer of the cervix appears. This odor is not peculiar to cancer but is caused 
 by the sloughing tissue and is observed when such a process occurs in other 
 conditions, as in sloughing fibroids. The discharge is irritating in character. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 The treatment is a complete removal of the uterus or womb. To be a 
 cure it must be done early so be on the lookout and discover the cause of all 
 discharges from the vagina. They may be due to an eroded, ulcerated, lacer- 
 ated cervix and need early attention. Many lives and much suffering can 
 be saved if such symptoms are not neglected. 
 
 ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB— ACUTE CORPOREAL 
 
 ENDOMETRITIS. 
 
 DESCRIPTION AND CAUSES.— Acute inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the body of the uterus or womb is called acute corporeal en- 
 dometritis. The disease is usually the result of septic infection occurring at 
 a labor or miscarriage. Occasionally acute gonorrheal endometritis is seen 
 bat this disease usually produces an inflammation of the mucous membrane 
 flf the cervix and the body of the womb that is half-acute or chronic from 
 the beginning. The acute variety can be caused by the use of the uterine 
 sound. It is also sometimes seen in eruptive diseases. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Dull pain is usually present in the region of the womb 
 and is referred to the supra-pelvic region and the sacrum. There is frequent 
 and painful urination. The temperature in puerperal cases is very high. The 
 discharge from the womb is very much increased, pus-like in character, and 
 occasionally streaked with blood. 
 
380 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 In non-puerperal cases the patient should have rest in bed. Give vaginal 
 douches of hot boric acid solution, using 1 dram of boric acid to a pint oi 
 water. Douches of , a 1 to 4,000 solution of bichloride of merciiry are also 
 good. These douches should be taken at a temperature of 100 or 110 degrees. 
 Continue the use of saline purgatives like epsom or rochelle salts. The home- 
 opathic treatment is by the use of Aconite, Belladonna, Mercurius and Arseni- 
 cum. When, however, the disease occurs, as it often does, from septic infec- 
 tion at a miscarriage or labor more radical treatment must be used. This treat- 
 ment comprises frequiently repeated uterine douches and thorough curetting of 
 the uterus which can only be done by a physician aided by an experienced 
 nurse, It is now simply the so-called severe child-bed fever. Every case of 
 acute inflammation of the body of the womb should be carefully watched and 
 treated until the disease is cured. Acute inflammation of the womb, es- 
 pecially if gonorrhea is the cause, is very' likely to become chronic and to 
 extend to the mucous membranp of the fallopian tubes and to the ovaries. 
 
 CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB. 
 Chronic Corporeal Endometritis. 
 
 In practice this form is seen much more frequently than the acute form. 
 It may occur as a primary disease but it very often occurs as a result of 
 some other disease of the womb. , 
 
 CAUSES. — The causes are various. It follows diseases of the womb an4 
 may result as a later stage of the acute form, or it may exist from the begin- 
 ning in the chronic form. This is especially true when it is caused by gonor- 
 rhea. Here the invasion of the disease is slow and insiduous and in the 
 majority of cases is preceded by no determinable acute stage. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— The menstrual function is usually affected. The period 
 lasts longer, the loss of blood is greater and the periods are more frequent. 
 The secretion is also increased and is thin and purulent in character and 
 often streaked with blood. Pain is a general symptorn and is referred to the 
 lower portion of the abdomen and the back. There is headache in the top 
 or at the back part of the head. Pain is worse when the patient is on the feet 
 and is greater before and during the menses. There is great weakness and 
 debility and the patient is nervous and hysterical with mental depression ,and 
 melancholia. 
 TREATMENT.— ^ 
 
 As this disease is usually secondary to some disease of the cervix or body 
 of the womb, the treatment should be directed toward the cure of this first 
 condition. Many mild cases can be relieved or cured by attention to the 
 hygiene and habits and by applications to the vaginal aspect of the womb. 
 Wear dresses which are loose around the waist and supported from the 
 shoulders. Do less standing and walking. Take mild laxatives. Repeated 
 exercise and massage are good. Use a vaginal douche and glycerine tampon. 
 More radical ti'eatment may be necessary and curetting of the womb may 
 have to be resorted to. 
 
 FIBROID TUMORS OF THE WOMB. 
 These originate in the muscular walls of the womb. When they are 
 situated in the muscular wall they are called " interstitial." When they grow 
 out so that they, project into the womb they are called " sub-mucous." The; 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 381 
 
 whole woipb becomes very much enlarged and the cavity is increased in 
 length. We also have the " sub-peritoneal " variety of the fibroid tumor. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— Bleeding is the chief symptom and is present in the 
 great majority of fibroids. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Operative treatment is usually demanded. These cannot be cured with 
 medicine. Some women put off the operation until a terrific bleeding de- 
 stroys their life. If the tumor is small and there are no serious symptoms, 
 the case may be watched but must be watched closely. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF FALLOPIAN TUBES.— The average length of 
 the normal tube • is ten inches. The narrow end of the tube is called the 
 isthmus and the outer end, which is trumpet shaped, is called the ampula. 
 The canal of the tube is small. At the uterine, or womb end (ostium inter- 
 num) it will barely admit a bristle. Beyond the middle of the tube the canal 
 gradually widens to the outer opening (ostium abdominale). This is sur- 
 rounded by peculiar luxuriant folds of mucous membrane called fimbrae and 
 these are formed by the outward bulging of the exuberant mucous membrane. 
 These tubes extend laterally from the upper part of the body of the wo,mb. 
 The fimbrae gather the ovum from the ovary and it is conveyed through the 
 tube to the body of the womb. These tubes are subject to disease. If they 
 are inflamed this inflammation is called " salpingitis." 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES— SALPINGITIS. 
 
 This is usually secondary to endometritis, the mucous membrane of the 
 tubes becoming inflamed by its spreading from the mucous membrane of the 
 womb. Any form may extend to the tubes but the septic and gonorrheal 
 forms of endometritis are especially virulent and it is the rule in these that 
 the tubes are infected. It is usually seen in the chronic form. When the tube 
 distends with pus it is called " pyosalpinx ;" when distended with a watery 
 fluid it is called " hydrosalpinx ;" and when distended with blood it is called 
 " hsematosalpinx." 
 
 SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC SALPINGITIS.— Pain is the most prom- 
 inent and is a continuous symptom. It may be on both sides and if such is 
 the case it may be relieved by lying down and remaining quiet. The pain is 
 sometimes very great. It is dull and aching or sharp and piercing and is very 
 much worse at the menstrual period. The dysmenorrhea in this disease is 
 usually very characteristic. It begins several days, sometimes a week, before 
 the flow appears. It starts in the region of both ovaries and radiates thence 
 throughout the pelvis and down the thighs and it Usually lasts throughout 
 the whole period. The pain of salpingitis persists throughout the whole 
 course of the disease. The patient walks with the body slightly bent forward ; 
 sits down gently upon a chair and protects herself, by support with the hand, 
 from the jolting of a carriage or car. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 In the early stages of acute salpingitis watch and be ready to rneet 
 emergencies. Observe absolute rest by lying down. Two or three times a 
 day give vaginal douches of hot distilled or boiledi water at the temperature 
 of about 100 or 110 degrees. Give small doses of rochelle or epsom salts, l^ 
 to 1 dram, every 1 to 3 |iours until mild movements of the bowels are pro- 
 
880 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 duced. Continue these measures as required. Apply hot fomentations of 
 hops over the lower part of the abdomen. In all these diseases much relief 
 is given by the application of fomentations or cloths wrung out of hot watei 
 or hot water and hops. Hot teas may be 1;aken freely at the same time. 
 These produce perspiration and thus relieve the congestion and inflammation 
 and relax the muscles' of the pai'ts. The application of fomentations shouk' 
 be continued for hours and they should always be kept as hot as can be 
 borne. In the gonorrheal and septic forms there is great danger of its spread 
 ing to the peritoneum or of the formation of some form of pelvic abscess thai 
 will imperil the life of the woman and so the case must be watched carefully 
 and continuously. If there are well marked symptoms of pelvic peritonitis or 
 if a distinct tumor can be felt, then an operation must be performed. Fatal 
 peritonitis sometimes results within 3 or 4 days after the onset of acute 
 salpingitis. The chronic form should be carefully watched as an operation 
 may be necessary. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Aconite, Belladonna and Mercurius are good 
 for either the acute or chronic form. (For preparation and use see " Homeo' 
 pathic Medicines " in Nursing Department.) 
 
 DISEASES OF THE OVARIES. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF OVARIES.— The general shape of the ovary ia 
 oval. They are two in number. After the change of life the ovaries shrink- 
 a great deal in size and weight ; sometimes from 100 down to 15 grains. The 
 long axis of the ovary is from about 1% to 2 inches ; its breadth about % to 
 1% inches and its thickness about % to ^^ inch. A healthy ovary is pinkish 
 in color. On its surface are seen small bluish areas that mark the position 
 of unruptured or recently ruptured ovarian follicles. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE OVARIES. 
 Ovaritis. 
 
 CAUSES. — Inflammation of the ovaries may extend from the fallopian 
 tubes and this is the usual cause of the acute form. Acute suppression of 
 menstruation is also said to cause it as is acute rheumatism and the eruptive 
 fevers. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^There is pain in the ovarian region which increases dur- 
 ing the menses and is most intense immediately before and at the beginning 
 of the flow. If the flow is profuse the pain is often relieved. The symptoms 
 may be masked by other diseases such as salpingitis and puerperal sepsis. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 This disease sometimes requires an operation but I believe a great deal 
 can be done with medicines and especially when it is not gonorrheal in origin. 
 The homeopathic treatment is by the use of Aconite and Belladonna at the 
 beginning and Mercurius later. Apis Mellifica, taken for a long time, is a 
 good remedy for chronic inflamed ovaries. (For the preparation and use of 
 these medicines see " Homeopathic Medicines " in the Nursing Department.) 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Hot Cloths and Laudanum, — For acute inflammation of the ovaries 
 apply hot cloths to the abdomen and. take 10 drops of laudanum internally 
 every 3 or 4 hours according to the pain. 
 
 Reraarks. — One of the best physicians in Ohio prescribes this treatment. 
 
OUR BOYS AND GIRLS. 383 
 
 OVARIAN CYSTS. 
 
 These grow to immense size and the only cure is an operation. Tapping 
 was once the universal method of treatment but it is not a permanent cure. 
 The results of operations for this trouble are very good and I have no hesi- 
 tation in recommending an operation in these cases. A short time ago, during 
 my vacation in the East, I recommended an operation for a lady who had an 
 ovarian cyst and expected to die. She had the operation performed and is 
 today a well woman, At the time she was so filled up with the fluid that 
 breathing was very difficult and the action of the heart was bad. This opera- 
 tion is quite quickly performed and generally with little danger to the patient 
 unless there are complications or she has waited too long. Many of the in- 
 flammatory diseases of the womb and ovaries can be cured by medicine. If 
 the cause is gonorrhea the result is not so good. I have been treating an en- 
 larged ovary, one without dangerous symptoms, for the last eight years. In 
 this case an operation had been advised by others. The patient is better today 
 than eight years ago. A great many menstrual troubles can be cured or relieved 
 by medicine. Operations should only be performed in such cases when other 
 means have failed. However, when there is pus there is always danger and 
 such cases require constant watching. 
 
 OUR BOYS AND GIRLS. 
 
 How to properly bring up our boys and girls is a great question. A great 
 deal of time and thought has been given to this question not only by parents 
 but by officials who have to do with making and enforcing the laws. The 
 training the child receives has much to do with its permanent moral character 
 in after life. Curfew laws are passed in some towns and cities. If parents 
 kept their boys in at night such laws would be unnecessary. In almost anv 
 group of boys there are some who have knowledge of things that they impart 
 to others in an improper way. Vulgar and immoral language is used and 
 evil practices are taught to others. Many parents would be much surprised 
 to know how much masturbation is practiced among both boys and girls. As 
 they grow older the promiscuous mingling of the sexes gives opportunity for 
 sexual relations and all physicians know that this often occurs even before 
 puberty. I know of one case where a boy of but seven years of age contracted 
 a loathsome venereal disease from a girl of seventeen. Parents should know 
 these things. There is much harm done by concealing the truth about these 
 matters. 
 
 In many cases our schools are at fault for here our boys and girls mingle 
 promiscuously with children coming from all kinds of homes. This is perhaps 
 as it should be but they should be watched over carefully or they will learn 
 habits that are unnatural and immoral. Juvenile courts are being established 
 and the judges state that these immoral practices are not confined^ to the 
 poorer classes. Judge Lindsay, of Denver, has made a great fight against im- . 
 purity and there are other judges who are now working zealously in the same 
 direction. It is time for parents to wake -up to the danger that threatens 
 their boys and girls. Parents are not blameless. Business and society cause 
 them to neglect their children and they are often entirely brought up by 
 servants. No one will do for your children what you fail to do yourself. 
 Too many children, and especially boys, grow up making light of virtue. Not 
 only this, but masturbation is practiced to an extent almost beyond belief. 
 
384 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 This is an unnatural practice and children should be instructed as to its awful 
 effects upon both the mind and body. This- habit is taught them by older 
 boys and girls but they are not instructed as to its ruining effects. Parents 
 should not only warn their children against these practices but they should 
 instruct them as to their effects and why they are harmful. Children are 
 sure to learn about these things but they only learn a part of the truth and it 
 is well known that, " a little learnihg is a dangerous thing." Is it not better 
 for the children to learn these things at home and in the proper way? 
 
 Children often learn to masturbate involuntarily. The habit is some- 
 times formed by rubbing the itching privates: Often they are not kept 
 clean and the filth produces intense itchii^g. See that the private parts of 
 the children of both sexes aire kept as clean as other parts of the body. Some- 
 times this practice is caused by the foreskin of the boy b^ing too tight and 
 thus irritating the parts. Tn such cases circumcision is necessary. In girls 
 the hood of the clitoris often causes irritation and needs to be cut free. These 
 operations are simple and are often necessary. Every parent should see to 
 it that these operations are performed, if it is necessary, and it very frequently 
 is. How often we see the little ones rttbbing their private parts. Whenever 
 a child is seen doing this the chances are that they are either unclean or 
 need one of the above operations. Do not let the child become an involuntary 
 masturbator through your neglect. 
 
 Parents should teach their children about themselves. Do not let them 
 grow up in ignorance of what their re-productive organs are intended for and 
 of the evil effects of their misuse. Before the first change comes to a girl 
 and she begins to change in form, tell her what she may expect and what it 
 means. Tell her about the " flow " and what the sexual relation means and 
 how babies come. They will find it out in some way and often to their lasting 
 disgrace. Do not let your children go astray through lack of instruction that 
 -you might have given them. Parents should treat their boys and girls in 
 such a way that they will take them into their confidence in all things. Tell 
 the little ones why they should not associate with immoral boys and girls 
 and when the crisis comes that changes them into men and women tell them 
 what it means and what care they should take of themselves. To my mind 
 it rs criminal for parents to bring up their children without some knowledge 
 of themselves, 
 
 A CHAPTER FOR YOUNG WOMEN. 
 
 The First Crisis. — When a girl shows the " change " the mother puts 
 longer dresses on her. Tell her why. A girl should not grow up so ignorant 
 that when the " flow " comes she will try to stop it. I once heard of a girl 
 who sat in the snow to stop the first menses. She was very much scared. 
 Fortunately an older girl was at hand to tell her what it meant. At 
 this time of life a girl needs to give special attention to her dress, amuse- 
 ments, habits and work. A girl should never get wet feet when she is " un- 
 well ;" she should be protected from the wet and cold. She should not go to 
 school during this time unless she can have dry clothing and dry feet. The 
 care taken by the girl at this time has much to do with the regularity, pain- 
 lessness and efficiency of her "monthly flow." A well girl should not be 
 made sick by the appearance of her monthlies. I think the first time it appears 
 it would be well for her to remain very quiet and be very careful not to take 
 
A CHAPTER FOR YOUNG WOMEN 385 
 
 cold. It will not hurt her to lose a few days schooling. At this time of life 
 it is well not to study too hard but to pay attention to the health. A girl 
 that " comes around " right thS first few years is almost sure to remain that 
 Way and especially if she enters this period healthy. The flow Usually begins 
 at the age of fourteen or fifteen in this climate. At this time the girl is gener- 
 ally very busy with her school work and is often pushed to the limit. This is 
 a great mistake and headaches are often frequent. Our school system then 
 pulls down the girl's health instead of building it up and many girls enter 
 this period totally unprepared for it From the ages of 13 to 17, girls should 
 not study too hard. They should have plenty of outdoor life and exercise ; 
 they should be free from excitement of every kind and proper attention should 
 be given to their health. If such attention is given the menstruation is likely 
 to come on gradually and properly and with little pain. Of course there will 
 be uneasiness and perhaps some headache. The menses come earlier in warm 
 climates and in girls who lead indolent and luxuriant lives; and later in work- 
 ing girls. Race also makes a difference. 
 
 The menstrual flow consists of blood, mucous secretion from the womb 
 and vagina and epithelial cells from the lining of the womb. It usually lasts 
 from two days to a week. The first flow may be short and small in quantity ; 
 usually two to nine ounces. Again, it may be very free. In such a case 
 quiet is necessary. Nothing need be done unless the flow is so excessive as 
 to seriously weaken the girl, when a physician should be called. A good 
 household remedy is stick cinnamon. Pour a pint of bqjling water over a 
 handful of stick cinnamon and drink freely. Even if a girl does not feel 
 bad she should at this time, at least at first, avoid active exercise and amuse- 
 ments. No girl, at any time when she is unWel!, should attend dances or 
 indulge in undue exercise or get wet. 
 
 Parents need not worry if a weakly girl does not menstruate until she 
 is sixteen or seventeen provided she shows no bad symptoms. After 
 having menstruated once, a girl frequently misses one or more months. This 
 is not unusual and it frequently takes a year or more before she becomes reg- 
 tilar. A woman usually menstruates every twenty-eight days but the time 
 varies in different persons. The menses sometimes occur regularly every 
 two, three or five weeks. When they occur every two weeks the alternate 
 flows are usually small in amount. The occurrence of, or the attempt at, 
 menstruation every two weeks in a woman who had previously menstruated 
 monthly is sometimes a symptom of the beginning of womb disease. Many 
 girls menstruate every three or five weeks. For them this is normal. If a 
 girl is Unwell every three weeks it usually does not last so long and the flow 
 is not so great. Let me repeat that a girl should take the best care of herself 
 before and during her first menstrual periods and she will then be very likely 
 to be free from painful menstruation unless it is a family inheritance. The 
 following is a description which I have taken from an old but reliable writer. 
 ' " Females usually begin to menstruate about the age of fourteen and 
 leave off at about the age of forty-five, which renders these two periods the 
 most critical periods of their lives. About the time of the_ first appearance 
 of this discharge the constitution undergoes a very considerable change; 
 generally, indeed, for the better though sometimes for the worse. The great- 
 est care is now necessary as the future health and happiness of the girl de- 
 pend in a great measure upon her conduct at this period. 
 
 " If a girl about this period or time of life be confined to the home^ kept 
 
 25 
 
386 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOQK. 
 
 constantly sitting, and neither allowed to romp about nor to be employed ni 
 any active business which gives exercise to the whole body, she becomes weak, 
 relaxed and puny. Her blood not being duly prepared, she looks pale and 
 wan ; her health, spirits and vigor decline and she sinks into the invalid state. 
 Such is the case with numbers of these unhappy girls, who, either from over 
 indulgence or their own narrow circumstances, are at this critical period 
 denied the benefit of exercise and fresh air. A lazy indolent disposition proves 
 likewise very hurtful to girls at this period.. One seldom meets with com- 
 plaints of menstrual tro;ibIe among the properly active and industrious part 
 of the sex ; whereas, the indolent and lazy are seldom free from them. These 
 are in a manner eaten up by green sickness (chlorosis) and other diseases of 
 thi.v nature. We would therefore recommend to all who wish to escape these 
 calamities to avoid indolence and inactivity as their greatest enemies and to 
 be as much in the open air as possible. Unwholesome food is also very harm- 
 ful. Girls often indulge in all manner of trash until their whole system is 
 vitiated. Hence ensue indigestion, loss of appetite and a numerous train of 
 evils. If the fluids be not duly prepared it is utterly impossible that the secre- 
 tions should go on properly. Accordingly we find that such girls as lead an 
 indolent life and eat great quantities of trash are not only subject to an ol- 
 struction of the menses, but likewise to glandular obstructions, scrofula, eti:. 
 A dull dispostion is also very hurtful to girls who do not enjoy good healtl; ; 
 while the grave, moping, melancholy creature moves the very prey of vapois 
 and hysterics. Youth is the season for mirth and cheerfulness; let it, there- 
 fore, be indulged in; it is an absolute duty. To lay in a stock of health in 
 time of youth is as necessary a piece of prudence as to make provision against 
 decays of old age. While, therefore, wise nature prompts the happy youth 
 to join in sprightly amusement, let not the severe dictates of hoary age forbid 
 the useful impulse nor damp with serious gloom the season destined to mirth 
 and innocent festivity. 
 
 " After a girl has arrived at that period of life when the menses usually 
 begin, and they do not appear, but on the contrary her health and spirits begin 
 to decline, we would advise, instead of shutting the poor girl up in the house 
 and dosing her with medicines, to place her in a situation where she can enjoy 
 the benefit of fresh air and agreeable, sensible company. There, let her eat 
 wholesome food, take sufficient exercise, bathe daily with cold water, if pos- 
 sible, and amuse herself in the most agreeable manner; and we have little 
 reason to fear nature, thus assisted, will not do her proper work. Indeed, she 
 "seldom fails unless the fault is on our side." 
 
 The flow in the beginning is seldom so instantaneous as to take girls 
 unawares if they have been properly instructed. The flow is generally pre- 
 ceded by symptoms that foretell its approach, as a sense of heat, weight and 
 dull pain in the loins, hardness of the breasts, headache, loss of appetite, 
 lassitude, paleness of the countenance and sometimes a little fever. When 
 these symptoms appear about the age at which the menstrual flow generally 
 begins, everything should be carefully avoided which may obstruct that neces- 
 sary and salutary evacuation and all means should be used to promote it if 
 necessary. If necessary, a sitz bath can be used but I would not advise teas' 
 for the first periods. After the menses have begun the greatest care should be 
 taken to avoid everything that may tend to obstruct them. Girls ought to 
 be exceedingly cautious of what they eat and drink at this time. Every- 
 thing that is cold or likely to disorder the stomach ought to be avoided. 
 
A CHAPTER FOR YOUNG WOMEN. 387 
 
 Avoid all cold drinks and articles that are hard to digest. As it is impossible to 
 mention everything that may disagree with girls at this time, it is well for 
 every girl to be very attentive to what disagrees with her and to carefully 
 avoid it. Much meat should not be eaten; vinegar, pickles and sour fruits 
 should be avoided; also, strong tea and coffee should be avoided at this and 
 indeed at all times. Cold is very harmful at this particular time. More of 
 the female sex date their diseases from colds caught during the menstrual 
 period than from all other causes. This ought surely to put them on their 
 guard and to make them very circumspect in their conduct at this time. A 
 degree of cold that will not in the least hurt them at other times, will at this 
 time be sufificient to entirely ruin their health and constitution. Violent 
 passions or affections of the mind, as anger, grief, fear, etc., often occasion 
 obstructions and should therefore be avoided if possible. From whatever 
 cause the flow is obstructed, except in a state of pregnancy, proper means 
 should be used to restore it. For this purpose we would recommend sufficient 
 exercise in a dry open air, wholesome diet, cheerful company and innocent, 
 harmless amusement. If these fail recourse must be had to medicines. When 
 the stoppage of the flow is due to a weak and relaxed state, such medicines as 
 tend to promote digestion, brace up the system, and assist in making better 
 blood ought to be used, but a discharge should never be forced. Under " Dis- 
 orders of Menstruation " will be found much of value in the treatment of these 
 troubles. 
 
 Now that the menstrual function has become properly established and 
 you have become a young woman, you will need to pay a great deal of atten- 
 tion to other matters. I refer to your diet, the bowels, bath, exercise, sleep, 
 dress and social functions and later to the company of young men, courtship, 
 marriage, etc. Upon all of these subjects the mother should be freely con- 
 sulted and thus needs to be well informed. 
 
 The Baths. — A cool sponge bath with quick brisk rubbing every mornirg 
 is a splendid tonic. There should also be a general bath once oi twice a week. 
 The temperature of the water should not be hot but as cool as you can comfort- 
 ably stand it. Put cold water on the back of your neck before you get into the 
 bath and that will enable you to use a cooler bath without noticing it so much. 
 Or, the water may be cooled after you get into it. Hot water weakens while 
 the cool bath stimulates and you are not so likely to take cold as when hot 
 water is used and the pores opened. Never go out of doors immediately after 
 taking a tub bath. Do not bathe immediately before or after a hearty meal 
 nor when you are over heated nor at the time of the menses. 
 
 Diet. — Eat good, hearty, simple food. Avoid pies, cakes, puddings, 
 hot biscuits and hot breads. Neither is grease good for you. Do not eat much 
 pork unless you' are a very hard worker. The rich foods cause pimples, head- 
 aches, constipation, dyspepsia and a bad complexion. Do not drink strong 
 tea or coffee as they are stimulating and constipating and are nerve and 
 complexion destroyers. Eat slowly. Drink plenty of warm water between 
 meals. Milk is gopd if it agrees with you. The less liquid you drink at 
 meal times, the quicker and better your food will digest. 
 
 The Bowels. — You should have at least one passage each day and it is 
 best to have it after breakfast. Make it a habit to go to the closet at a regular 
 hour every day. The movement of the bowels is often a matter of habit. Do 
 not let anything interfere with the regular evacuation of the bowels. You 
 must be regular in this to be well and to look well. Headaches, poor health 
 
388 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL POOK. 
 
 and bad complexions frequently go with ponstipation. Massage your bosv^ls 
 frequently if they are incHned to be constipated. Different exercises and 
 rnovemgnts of your body are helpful. Drinking freely of cold vy^ater when 
 you get Vfp in the rnorning ts often helpful. It should be drank from half an 
 hour to an hour before breakfast. Proper dieting and exprcise are better tjjan 
 medicines. If inclined to constipation, eat foods that leave a residnwm. like 
 well pooked oatmeal or other cergal. Tea and coffee are constipating. Byt- 
 tef and pream are a little loosening. 
 
 Exercise. — Outdoor exercise is the best. Walking is good if you will 
 swing your whole body. Tennis is good and so is golf if not indulged in to 
 excess. Horse back riding is good and also the taking care of a horse, clean- 
 ing, feeding him, etc. This is very good and a valuable aid in curing girls 
 who have chlorosis. The exercise should not be too violent and should be 
 taken regularly. Carriage and auto riding are good if you do not go so fast 
 as to be on a strain. 
 
 Sleep. — You need plenty of sleep and as a rule should be in bed by ten 
 o'clock. Young people need a great deal of sleep. If you do not sleep well 
 it shows you are not well or that you are living wrong. Never take drugs to 
 cause sleep. \ 
 
 Dress. — Another very harmful thing to girls and young women is their 
 dress. They are fond of a fine shape and foolishly imagine that this can be ae-^ 
 quired by lacing. Hence, by squeezing their body they confine the lungs, choke 
 the stomach, and press the liver and bowels out of place, causing incurable 
 maladies. There are many women who will go throttgh life sufifering from the 
 dreadful effects of this wretched custom of squeezing every girl into as small 
 a size at the waist as possible, Human invention could not possibly have 
 devised a practice more destructive to health. 
 
 The dress should always be comfortable. The skirts should be fastened 
 so as not to drag at the hips. A corset is all right if it is not tight but who 
 ever saw a woman who would admit that it was ever tight. A tight corset 
 |>resses upon and injures the lower part of the lungs causing difficult breath- 
 ing 5 it compresses the heart in the chest cavity ; presses the stomach, liver and 
 bowels out of place often causing indigestion and it also causes dxsplaoer 
 ment of the womb and ovaries with their attendant evils„ 
 
 A good quality of flannel ought to be worn seven or eight months of 
 the year and it would be better if it were worn throughout the year. Of 
 course it should be of light texture in the summer and the underclothing 
 may then be sleeveless if desired. Shoes, stockings, skirts and other clothing 
 should never be worn while wet unless you can keep moving. When you 
 cease moving, wet clothing should be changed for dry. Before putting on the 
 dry clothing the whole body should be rubbed briskly with a coarse towej 
 as a prevention against taking cold. 
 
 Going into Society.-r-You should not go into society too young. Yau 
 are not then fully grown up and matured and you cannot stand the pace and 
 if you do apparently stand it you will sacrifice your red cheeks and wrinkle? 
 will furrow your face. Your mother and father are your best advisers still 
 and will continue to be for some years, and you will need their advice in seek- 
 ing your companions of both sexes. Your parents have been through it all 
 and know boys and girls, young men and young women, better than you do. 
 They are better readers of character for they have the knowledge that comes 
 only with experience. 
 
A CHAPTER FOR Married women„ 389 
 
 Choosiflg & Husband. — ^You now need the advice of your parents more 
 thati ever before, for now the young man will be attracted by you dnd you 
 will be attracted by him. This is natural. If you make a mistake it may 
 Wreck your whdle life. Take yoitr mother into yolir confidence. There are 
 Some rules that are safe to follow in this matter. Never have Anything to do 
 with a young man who is " sowing his wild oats/' or who has sown them. 
 This may mean more than you think. Ask your mother and she can, if neces- 
 sary, find out from the family physician what it means to the young man and 
 What it would very likely mean to you if you married such a man. Never 
 marry a man to reform him. Leave those who need reforming severely alone. 
 There are men who do not drink and yet who ate more dangerous to you than 
 drunkards. A man who sows his wild oats or is morally lax may be afflicted 
 With some venereal disease that can be given to an innocent and pure wife 
 atid thus entail Upon her life-long suffering. Marriage is a lottery. Vou maV 
 draw a prize, or your life may be made miserable. On this important matter 
 you need the advice of your parents and you Should tell them if yoU are at^ 
 tracted toward a young man so that they may find out if he is a mah Of 
 good character and pure in heart and life. It is so much better to remain 
 Single than to make an unfortunate marriage. 
 
 A CHAPTER FOR MARRIED WOMEN. 
 
 Who Should Not Marry. — Not all women should marry because all women 
 ought not to be mothers. A, woman with poor physical or mental health 
 should not marry, for such a woman as a rule will not bear healthy children. 
 No woman with consumption should marry, neither should she marry if she 
 has any specific disease. This applies to men as well as to women. The 
 time will come when the state for its own protection will be compelled to 
 make laws governing marriage. Any mental disease on either or both sides 
 should be a sufficient cause for prohibiting marriage, for the offspring of such 
 B marriage are likely to be endowed with a fearful heritage. Women who 
 intend never to bear and rear children have no right to marry for this means 
 the taking of measures to prevent conception or the getting rid of the product 
 of conception and the latter is, in plain English, abortion. 
 
 Abortion and the Prevention of Conception. — There is a great deal of 
 abortion being produced in all classes of society. Abortion is not only danger- 
 ous to the woman's life (and of course it destroys the life of the child) but 
 it injures the generative organs. The womb may never get over the ill efifects 
 of abortion and many women are thus doomed to poor health for the rest 
 of their lives. Then, if at any time afterward, children are desired, the womart 
 is likely to miscarry and may never be able to bear a child. I say nothing 
 of the sin. I leave that to those who ought to teach these things to the young 
 while they are yet in the formative period of life. Abortion is frequently 
 caused by women themselves either by the aid of medicines or mechanical 
 means and, to the shame of my profession, it must be said that there are 
 medical men who do it for the sake of financial gain. Whenever abortfon is 
 performed, not only the health but the life of the woman is at stake. 
 
 As to the prevention of conception, most of the means used are very in- 
 jurious and especially so to the woman. During my thirty" years of, the prac- 
 tice of medicine I have seen a great deal of trouble and sorrow caused by the 
 production of abortion and by many of the means used for the prevention of 
 conception. 
 
390 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK 
 
 How to Conceive and Bear Healthy Children. — ^The one main reason for 
 the establishment of marriage was for the bearing and rearing of children. 
 Nature has provided for man and woman the orga 'or this purpose and they 
 are wonderfully constructed. The woman who enters the marriage state with 
 the intention of not bearing and raising children has a mistaken idea of its 
 intent and will make both herself and her husband unhappy and miserable 
 and when it is too late she will bitterly repent of her folly. Children make a 
 home happier and the woman who bears them will be healthier and happier 
 for it. If trained properly, children bring happiness to their parents and are 
 a solace and comfort in their old age. 
 
 To the woman who marries with the intention of filling the place for 
 which she was made, I offer a few suggestions as to how to conceive and bear 
 healthy, happy children. If the parents are moderately healthy themselves it 
 is true to a great extent that they can have the kind of children they wish. 
 Very m.uch depends upon the physical and mental condition of the parents 
 at the time of conception. If parents are drunk at the time the child is con- 
 ceived they cannot expect healthy offspring, either physically or mentally. 
 If the parents dislike each other they will transmit something of that disposi- 
 tion to their offspring. If either one or both of the parents are much worried 
 at the time of conception the child will be the sufferer. Let me instance a true 
 case that not only cast a life-long stigma upon the child begotten at that time, 
 but brought never-ending regret to the parents. " A father had the pleasure 
 of seeing two of his sons grow up strong and vigorous, mentally and phys» 
 ically, while a third was weak, irresolute, fretful, suspicio'js, and half demented. 
 He confessed to his physician the cause of this family mishap in these words. 
 ' In the summer of IS — I failed, owing to my rogue of a partner's running off 
 with all our money. No man, perhaps, ever felt such a misfortune more keenly 
 than I did, and it seemed to me I should never get over the shock. I was com- 
 pletely unmanned and feared I should go crazy. Well, during this state 
 of things my wife conceived and there is the result, poor S — . He inherits 
 just the state of mind I was then in.* " " The sins of the parents are visited 
 upon the children to the third and fourth generations." 
 
 Therefore, to beget healthy and happy children the parents must be in 
 the best physical and mental condition. This may sound strange to some of 
 my readers but it is true. A cross and unhealthy child is so by inheritance or 
 training. 
 
 Pregnancy. — After you become pregnant, you owe it to yourself, your 
 husband and especially to your unborn little one, to see that it comes into 
 this world endowed with' everything that a true, good and devoted mother 
 can possibly give it both physically and mentally. To this end keep yourself 
 well and happy. Eat only such foods as are easily digested and that will keep 
 your bowels regular. Read only such books as will tend to make you happier 
 and better. Choose the company of those whom you feel will lift you up. 
 Gossips will not do this so do not listen to croakers who are so ready to 
 converse with you at this time. You should get all the sleep you can so do 
 not have company in the evening that will worry you. In short, eat only 
 such food as agrees with you, make your bowels move every day, keep the 
 kidneys in good working order and keep cheerful and you will get through 
 your labor in good shape and be a proud mother. Pregnancy is a natural 
 condition and you can make it comfortable by the care you take of yourself. 
 Most women, fortunately,vgo through labor all right and by taking proper care 
 
A CHAPTER FOR MARRIED WOMEN. 391 
 
 of yourself you will do the same and be made happy in the possession of a 
 little likeness of yourself and husband. 
 
 God made woipan in such a way that she can have babies. It is not an 
 abnormal condition but is a natural physiological act and if, at and before the 
 time of labor, proper care and attention are given, the woman will be healthier 
 and far happier if she bears children. Prevention of conception in any way 
 is injurious. Getting rid of the product of conception is not only dangerous 
 but sinful and is injurious to the health of the woman. If a woman finds 
 herself pregnant she should immediately determine that she will have the 
 healthiest baby possible. With this in view she should take the best care of 
 herself in every way. She should keep herself not only in good physical but 
 also in good mental health. The clothing should be comfortable in every 
 way. The food should be healthful, sufficient and nourishing. She should 
 eliminate trash and greasy food. She should not stimulate herself with drinks, 
 tea, coffee, etc. Her bowels should be kept regular through diet or by thv 
 aid of medicine. Her mind should be kept healthy with pleasant thoughts, 
 agreeable company, and enjoyable reading. A mother can have a good baby 
 if she has pleasant and healthy surroundings. Given such conditions and if 
 she is healthy herself she can have a good and healthy baby. So she should 
 keep herself healthy and sweet tempered and then when her baby is born it 
 will have a goodly heritage whether it be born in a palace or in a hovel. 
 
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY. 
 
 Cessation or Stopping of Menses. — If the menstrual periods stop without 
 any other apparent cause and the woman misses one period, she may be 
 pregnant. Especially is this the case if the woman has previously been reg- 
 ular. If she has been irregular, of course missing one period may not mean 
 much. A single menstrual period may be missed by women who fear the 
 probability of pregnancy. Usually, however, missing a period, especially 
 with married women, is an important sign of pregnancy. 
 
 Changes in the Breasts. — The changes in a woman's breasts in the first 
 pregnancy are quite characteristic. The woman in the early weeks complains 
 most frequently of a soreness, tenderness arid prickling in these regions. 
 After the second month the breasts begin to increase in size as they be- 
 cbme larger a delicate tracery of bluish veins appears just beneath the skin. 
 The nipples soon become considerably larger and more erectile and, after the 
 first few months, a thin yellowish fluid (colostrum) may be pressed from them 
 by gentle massage. The coloring darkens around the nipples and becomes 
 broader and. much more deeply pigmented. This depends upon the complexion 
 of the individual. In blondes the areolae and nipples assume a pinkish appear- 
 ance, while in brunettes they become dark brown and occasionally almost 
 black. 
 
 The Kidneys, Bladder and Urine. — ^The kidneys act more frequently and 
 the urine is considerably increased in quantity. The urine should be examined 
 frequently by a physician during pregnancy. As the womb enlarges it rises 
 up into the abdominal cavity and carries the bladder with it. Before this, 
 pregnancy often causes trouble with the bladder and there is more frequent 
 passing of the urine. Sometimes the passing of urine is painful and some- 
 times there is an inability to hold the urine. 
 
 Nausea and Vomiting or " Morning Sickness." — The establishment of 
 pregnancy is often marked by sickness at the stomach and vomiting. This 
 
398 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 occurs in a large per cent, of the cases. It is frequently called the rtjorijiijg 
 sickness and, as the name implies, it usually comes in the earlier part of the 
 day. This symptom usually appears about the end of the first month and 
 lasts for from six to eight weeks although some patients suffer longer. In 
 treating morning sickness be careful about the diet. Eat nourishing, easily 
 digested foods and foods if possible that leave a residuum so that the bowels 
 may be regulated by the diet. Constipation frequently accompanies this 
 nausea and vomiting. The patient should eat as much fruit as possible if it 
 does not disorder the stomach. Stay out of doors as much as possible. The 
 bowels should always be kept open and if this cannot be done by dieting it 
 must be done with medicines. Sick stomachs and headaches in pregnant 
 women are frequently caused by constipated bowels., Salts may be used be^ 
 fore breakfast; just enough to cause one or at most two passages daily. All 
 articles of food that sicken should be avoided. Milk often disagrees and is 
 frequently constipating. Buttermilk sometimes agrees with the patient. 
 Keep the kidneys working freely by drinking plenty of water. Bathe fre^ 
 quently with cold or cool water. Gently rub the abdomen, back, hips and 
 thighs. If other means fail to give relief, oxalate of cerium, in 5-grain doses, 
 after meals will be found a good remedy. 
 
 People's Home Remedies for Morning Sickness. — 
 
 1. Wild Yam and Swamp Dogwood. — Make a decoction of the root of 
 wild j'^am and the bark of swamp dogwood and take from J to 4 ounces every 
 ^4 to 2 hours until relieved. s 
 
 3. Coffee, Toast, Lemonade, Etc. — Morning sickness during pregnancy 
 may often be avoided by taking a little coffee and toast in bed each morning 
 before arising. Lemonade, smoked herring and sardines are good in some 
 cases. 
 
 S. Teas. — To prevent morning sickness the patient should drink a eup of 
 peppermint or chamomile tea about an hour before rising each morning. A tea 
 made from red rose willow bark is also good. 
 People's Home Remedy for Piles in Pregnant Women. — 
 
 Cream of Tartar and Molasses. — For piles in pregnant women, prevent 
 icostiveness by taking cream of tartar in teaspoorJul doses mixed with 
 molasses or water. If the tumors are painful apply a poultice of slippery elm 
 bark, and milk or water. At the same time apply two or three times a day 
 an ointment made of four teaspoonfuls of spirits of turpentine apd two table- 
 spoonfuls of fresh unsalted butter. These should be well mixed. 
 People's Home Remedy for Sour Stomach, Heartburn or Dyspepsia of Preg- 
 nant Woroen. — 
 
 1. Lemon. — A slice of sugared lemon held in the mouth will often give 
 relief. 
 
 Quickening. — This occurs about the 18th or 20th week, the woman being 
 conscious of slight fluttering movements in her abdomen which gradually 
 increase in intensity. These are usually due to the movements of the child 
 (foetus) and their appearance is designated as " quickening " or the " percep- 
 tion of life." In rare instances it has occurred as early as the 10th week, 
 
 Cravings.-^Occasionally the appetite becomes very capricious and the 
 woman evinces an unconquerable desire for peculiar and sometimes revoltinK 
 articles of food. 
 
 Enlargement pf Abdomen.^There is a gradual enlargement of the womb 
 
A CHAPTER FOR MARRIED WOMEN. 393 
 
 This causes an enlargemeht of the abdotnen which becomes quite noticeable 
 at about the fourth month when the top of the woihb is above the pelvic bone. 
 It is midway to the navel at the fifth month. The abdomen increases in size 
 up to the time of labor. 
 
 Cervix or Neck of the Womb. — Beginning ".'ith the second month of preg- 
 nancy the cervix or neck of the womb becomes considerably softened and in 
 the first pregnancy the outer opening of the wOmb (os externum) offers to 
 the finger a sensation or feeling similar to that obtained by pressing upon 
 the more yielding lips of the mouth instead of the harder cartilage of the nose. 
 
 The Foetal or Baby Heart. — This can usually be heard about the 18th or 
 20th week. Ordinarily it beats from 120 to 140 per minute. 
 
 . Later Symptoms. — Several weeks before the onset of labor, the abdomen, 
 or belly, undergoes a marked change in shape, its lower portion becoming 
 more pendulous (hanging down) whereas in the costal (rib) region it looks 
 decidedly flat. The woman feels as if her waist line had become lower. 
 The breathing is easier but walking becomes more difficult and the Woman 
 may suffer from severe cramp-like pains in the lower limbs and there maiy be 
 a more frequent desire to urinate. During the last few weeks of pregnancy 
 the vaginal secretion is increased in amount, the lips of the vagina become 
 more swollen and open more or less widely. Not infrequently the patient may 
 experience a few transient pains for a number of days before confinement and 
 especially is this likely to be true if the bowels are constipated. The duration 
 of pregnancy is usually about forty weeks. 
 
 In the Baby Department more will be found concerning pregnancy and 
 labor. 
 
 LABOR. 
 Preparations for Labor. — You should have on hand the following articles. 
 
 5 basins, 
 
 1 two-quart fountain syringe, 
 15 yards unsterilized gauze, 
 
 6 sanitary bed pads ; or, 
 
 2 pounds cotton batting for making same, 
 1 piece rubber sheeting, size 1 by 2 yds., 
 1 piece rubber sheeting, size % by 1 yd., 
 4 ounces permanganate of potash, 
 
 8 aunces oxalic acid, 
 4 ounces boric acid, 
 1 tube green soap, 
 
 1 tube vaseline, 
 
 100 Bernay's bichloride tablets, 
 8 ounces alcohol, 
 
 2 drams ergotc.j, 
 
 1 nail brush, 
 
 2 pounds absorbent cotton, 
 Squibb's chloroform. 
 
 The nurse should prepare enough bed and perineal pads. Sterilize them 
 a week before, together with towels or diapers, 1 sheet, % pound absorbent 
 cotton and some cotton pledgets or gauze sponges. At commencement of 
 labor she should prepare two large pitchers of boiled water, keeping one hot. 
 
394 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 and cover them carefully v/ith a sterile towel. The above is a good list oi 
 articles to have on hand but in some cases it may not be possible to have all 
 these things. 
 
 Care and cleanliness upon the part of the attendants are essential. A 
 great many cases of childbed fever are produced by carelessness. This is 
 putting it mildly. Some attendants want to do too much and some have dirty 
 hands. Also, some parts of the after-birth are sometimes left in the womb 
 and produce trouble. The doctor or midwife who attends a woman during 
 confinement assumes a serious responsibility The troubles occurring at this 
 time are mostly due to the carelessness of the doctor, midwife, nurse, or lastly, 
 of the patient herself. Labor is a physiological process and with proper care 
 a healthy woman will come through it well. Septic troubles are usually due 
 to carelessness. 
 
 Presentation (Part to Come First). — Presentation refers to the position 
 of the child. According to Schroeder the head comes first in 90 per cent, of 
 the cases. So, fortunately, nature has done good work and if the woman's 
 pelvis is normal the labor comes off r^giilarly and safely. Comparatively, 
 very few women die in labor. 
 
 Breech Presentation. — This does not often occur. It simply means that 
 the breech or buttocks come first instead of the head. The labor is then longer 
 and more dangerous to the child and especially when the head of the child is 
 engaged by the bones of the mother. The cord is then pressed upon and the 
 circulation of the child is stopped, so that the head must be born quickly or, 
 the child will suffocate. In breech cases I always have warm and cold watei 
 ready in two separate tubs. I quickly cut the cord and if the child does not 
 breathe, I do not tie the cord until I have started the breathing by the fol- 
 lowing measures. First cleanse the child's mouth with your finger and remove 
 all the mucus. Then with your hand dash the cold and hot water alternately 
 upon the child's breast and at the same time slap it lightly upon the seat with 
 your hand. If this does not cause breathing, alternately put the child into the 
 tub of cold and warm water, keeping its head above water. If necessary, 
 use artificial respiration. As soon as breathing has started tie the cord as 
 directed elsewhere. 
 
 Sometimes, in breech cases, you find one foot down. Treat in the same 
 way as for breech. If in the labor you find a hand and arm, and in feeling up 
 along the arm you reach the womb and find the child's body, you are very 
 likely to have a shoulder presentation. This does not often occur but when it 
 does it means you must turn the child in the womb and you must get busy 
 at once and do it. Fortunately, nature generally presents the head first and if 
 the woman is well and the parts are large enough everything is likely to go 
 well. 
 
 Labor Pains. — The pain usually begins in the sacral (back) region and 
 slowly passes to the abdomen and down the thighs. The pain is different in 
 different individuals. In some it is very severe. At the onset of labor the 
 pains usually come on at intervals of from 15 to 30 minutes and as labor ad- 
 vances they become more frequent and eventually occur every 3 or 3 minytes. 
 Their average duration is one minute. 
 
 Duration, of Labor. — The time varies greatly in different cases. It usu- 
 ally lasts about six hours. In the first labor it is usually longer. 
 
 The First Stage of Labor. — About the end of the tenth lunar month (380 
 days) the woman begins to experience cramp-like pains in the lower portion 
 
A CHAPTER FOR MARRIED WOMEN. 395 
 
 of the abdomen. These she frequently mistakes for colic. At first they come 
 at long intervals. They are most marked in the region of the back and grad- 
 ually extend towards the abdomen and down the thighs. As they become 
 more frequent their severity increases. Then the " show "appears. The pa- 
 tient is quite corhfortable between the pains. After a time there is a sudden 
 gush of clear fluid from the vagina, which, in the majority of cases, indicates 
 that the cervix or neck of the womb has become dilated and that the mem- 
 branes have ruptured. Sometimes this rupture of the membranes occurs be- 
 fore complete dilation of the cervix and occasionally it occurs even before the 
 onset of labor. In such cases labor proceeds more slowly. These are called 
 " dry " labors. 
 
 The Second Stage of Labor. — For a time after this watery discharge there 
 is a lull in the labor pains after which they recur more frequently and vigor- 
 ously and compel the patient to take to her bed. The child at this time de- 
 scends to the pelvis and after a time the patient experiences a marked desire 
 to go to stool, which indicates that the head has passed into the pelvic cavity 
 and is pressing upon the lower bowel (rectum). In a short time the pelvic 
 floor begins to bulge with each pain and a little later the scalp of the baby 
 may be seen at the opening. With each pain the perineum bulges more and 
 more and the vulva becomes more and more dilated and distended by the head. 
 The head advances a little with each pain and recedes in the intervals between 
 them. This continues until the temple bones become engaged in the vulva 
 (opening) when further going back is impossible and soon the head is born. 
 In the majority of cases the perineum (flesh between the vulva and anus) is 
 torn, but usually this is only to a slight extent. 
 
 Immediately after its birth the head falls backward so that the face 
 touches the anus or opening of the bowel. Soon the back of the head turns 
 toward one of the thighs (the head should be supported by your hand) and 
 eventually the head assumes a sidewise positidn. The perineum is now 
 quite tightly drawn around the neck of the infant whose face in consequence 
 becomes marked and dark and the inexperienced attendant often has an al- 
 most uncontrollable desire to seize and extract the head by pulling upon it. 
 This, however, is usually unnecessary for the next pain forces the upper 
 shoulder down under the pelvic bone where it becomes fixed ; while the lower 
 or back shoulder passes over the anterior margin of the perineum after which 
 the body of the child is rapidly expelled. 
 
 The Third Stage of Labor. — The pains cease and the patient feels more 
 comfortable. Now the womb has become much smaller and forms a solid 
 lump, barely reaching the navel. After a time the contractions of the womb 
 and the pains commence once more and the woman begins to bear down. 
 A few minutes later the body of the womb may be seen to rise up a little 
 and a slight swelling appears immediately above the symphysis pubis. This 
 shows that the placenta (afterbirth) has become separated from the inside 
 of the womb and is now in the lower part of the womb or the upper part of 
 the vagina. From this position it is expelled by the action of the abdominal 
 muscles. In some women the entire placental period may be stopped almost 
 instantly within a few minutes after the birth of the child, while in others 
 the placenta may remain for hours unless forced out by, proper manipulation. 
 In this stage there is always some bleeding and not infrequently the patient 
 has a chill during this period or immediately after its completion. This, in 
 
396 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 itself, although it may appear somewhat alarming, has no significance as it is 
 merely because of the nervous condition of the patient. 
 
 Delivery of the Child. — Before labor the patient should be bathed and 
 given an injection to move the bowels. The bed should be properly pre- 
 pared but the patient need not yet go to bed. Wash the vulva and inner 
 surfaces of the thighs as everything must be clean for the attendant- The 
 physician or midwife should be thoroughly clean (aseptic). Gloves are now 
 often worn and they must be sterile. Too frequent examinations should be 
 avoided. Watch the case carefully after you have found out the presenta- 
 tion and handle the genital parts as little as possible. If everything is all 
 right you can do nothing at first. When the head presses on the perineum 
 and that is h^rd, keep the head back until the perineum is softened and in 
 better shape, While the head is being born keep it from pressing on the 
 perineum as much as possible. As soon as the head is born, clean the mouth 
 and at the same time see if the cord is around the neck of the child. If it is, 
 it should be removed. Hold the head in your hand and simply assist when 
 things are going right. When the child is born, if it is all right, hand it to 
 the nurse and attend to the mother. If the child does not act as it should 
 and the mother is all right, then you should attend to the child. If necessary, 
 warm and cold water may be used to start breathing as directed under 
 " Breech Presentation." Artificial respiration may have to be resorted to 
 and should be kept up for half an hour or longer if necessary. 
 
 Dressing and Tying the Cord. — Tie the cord with a stout clean thread . 
 tight enough to prevent bleeding. It should be tied from II/2 to 2 inches 
 from the body. Then put sterilized absorbent cotton around the cord ^nd 
 close to the body. Turn the cord up over the cotton, put a similar layer of 
 cotton over the cord and then put on the bandage. If you do not have the 
 Sterilized cotton you can use an old but clean linen handkerchief. Cut a 
 block three inches square and vise two thicknesses. In the center cut an 
 opening ; grease the cord and then put it .through the opening being certain 
 that the cloth is close to the body of the child. Turn the cord up over the 
 cloth and put over this two thicknesses of linen the size of the first pieces 
 and then apply the bandage. The cord is usually tied before being cut, the 
 exception being when the child is nearly dead and does not breathe properly. 
 In such a case it is best to leave the cord untied so that it may bleed a little 
 and aid in establishing respiration. 
 
 Delivery of the Afterbirth (plgcenta). — After the child is born see whether 
 the womb of the mother is contracted or soft. You must look out for bleed- 
 ing. If the afterbirth is not delivered and the woman flows much, then it 
 must be delivered. Press on the top side of the womb and keep pressing 
 gently while the placenta is being expelled. In this way you can keep hojd 
 of the womb and produce the contraction after the placenta is expelled, With 
 the other hand you should take hold of the cord and simply assist but do npt 
 pull. When the placenta comes it should be twisted so as to twist the mem- 
 branes. If the womb is large after the placenta is expelled you are very 
 likely to have clots in the womb from the bleeding and it may be necessary 
 for you to put your hand into the womb and release the clots. Be sure that 
 the hand is perfectly clean, At the same time keep the other hand on the 
 abdomen and hold the womb; and if it is not contracted the hand or finger 
 in the womb and the hand orl the wotjib outside will stpp bkeding and soon 
 produce contraction, 
 
A CHAPTER FOR M^VRRIED WOMEN. 397 
 
 If there is but little bleeding but the womb is hard and soft by turns, 
 gently rub the abdomen over the womb with the hand. The Womb should 
 be low down and not much larger than the fist. Never leave the patient until 
 an hour after the placenta has been delivered and not then unless the Wofflb 
 has been thoroughly contracted and remains so. 
 
 Hemorrhage or Bleeding.— If the bleeding is very severe you should put 
 one hand into the womb (being sure the hand is perfectly clean) and at the 
 same time keep the other hand on the belly or abdomen and hold the womb< 
 With one hand in the womb and the other outside and over it they may be 
 p,ressed together and the flow of blood checked. Ergot is often given for 
 bleeding. You can give a teaspoonful at once and half a teaspoonful again 
 in half an hour if necessary. If no ergot is at hand, put a teaspoOriful of 
 boiled vinegar into a glass one-third full of water and give two teaspoOnfuls 
 frequently. Or, you can give two teaspoonfuls of a tea made by putting a 
 handful of stick cinnamon into a pint of boiling water. GaUze Cloths may be 
 wrung out of vinegar water and put into the womb but this treatment needs 
 an experienced hand. Raising the foot of the bed and keeping the head Idw 
 will aid m.uch. The fluid extract of cranesbill is also good wherl cloths are 
 wet in it and put into the womb. A tea made from cranesbill will do as well 
 as the fluid extract. 
 
 Caution. — In case the attendants discover birthmarks or any deformity 
 of the child, they should use every precaution to prevent the mother's know- 
 ing or suspecting them as it may grieve her to the extent of causing convul- 
 sions and consequent injury. 
 
 DISEASES ATTENDING AND FOLLOWING PREGNANCY AND 
 
 LABOR. 
 
 Dropsy. 
 
 A pregnant woman should attend to this immediately. It may amount 
 to nothing or it may mean much. It may appear under the eyes or in the 
 lower extremities or it may be genera! and involve any portion of the body. 
 It may be due to pressure if the kidneys are working well. A physiciatl 
 should be called. 
 
 Eclampsy— (Convulsions). 
 
 This is an acute disease which may occur in pregnant women, before, 
 during, or after confinement. Eclampsy is characterized by convulsions. 
 The treatment should be preventive. This is very important. Frequent 
 examination of the urine should be made during pregnancy, once a month 
 at least for the first six months and oftener thereafter. If the woman has 
 headaches, disturbance of vision or dropsy the doctor must be nofified. 
 Be on the lookout for albumen in the urine. See if there is a normal amount 
 6f urea in the Urine. If this falls considerably below normal and a con- 
 siderable amount of albumen is present, the patient is in danger and must 
 be watched closely. Examine the urine daily. In such cases treatment must 
 be given by a doctor. In this way many cases of eclampsy will be avoided. 
 Rest in bed, live on a milk diet and keep the bowels open and the skin func- 
 tions good. Proper treatment is often followed by better symptoms — an 
 increased flow of urine, less albumen and an excretion of more urea. If the 
 disease continues labor must be induced. 
 
398 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Child-Bed Fever — Puerperal Fever — Puerperal Infection. 
 
 CAUSES. — The most usual cause of this disease is the dirty hands 
 of the doctor or midwife. Unclean hands, instruments, syringes and clothes 
 are the causes. Cleanliness of person and clothing is necessary in the at- 
 tendants. Disease of the attendants or poisons from diseases they carelessly 
 carry with them also cause child-bed fever. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The patient feels tired and has headache and some chilli- 
 ness. After everything has gone smoothly for the first three or four days 
 there is a rising temperature, 103 degrees or higher. At the same time there 
 is some tenderness in the lower abdomen. The womb is larger and is sensi- 
 tive to pressure. The discharge is increased in quantity and is pactly bloody 
 and partly purulent in character and in the purely septic forms it is prac- 
 tically devoid of odor. If the temperature is very high the secretion is often 
 diminished and occasionally disappears entirely. In reality, in the most 
 virulent cases and especially in those due to pure streptococcus infection 
 there is very little if any odor to be noticed in the discharge. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 The treatment should be of a preventive nature. The most scrupulous 
 cleanliness immediately before and during labor is the means upon which 
 we have mainly to rely in limiting the disease. This cleanliness applies not 
 only to the doctor and midwife but also to the nurse or to any one who comes 
 in contact with the patient. If a douche is necessary after labor it must be 
 cleanly given. Everything that comes in contact with the mother's gener-. 
 ative organs must be thoroughly aseptic; then it is simply impossible to 
 poison her with germs. 
 
 Curative treatment must be given by one thoroughly aseptic and who 
 understands the case. Curetting of the womb may be necessary though 
 any debris may generally, be removed from the womb with the fingers and 
 this is the safer way. After the womb has been cleaned out a douche of sterile 
 salt solution should be given. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Hot Fomentations, Etc. — Hot fomentations of tansy and hops are 
 excellent when applied to the abdomen and should be renewed often. Stra- 
 monium leaves are also valuable when bruised and applied to the abdomen 
 as a warm fomentation. If the fever still continues and the tongue is 
 coated, give, in 15-grain doses every three hours, equal parts of powdered 
 blue flag root, blood root and nitre. Also apply a mustard plaster to the 
 feet, back of the neck and the inside of the thighs. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — A doctor should always be called for the treat- 
 ment of this disease. 
 
 Milk Leg. 
 (Phlegmasia Alba Dolens.) 
 
 This disease is rare, though when it does appear it is generally during 
 the second week after labor or later. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The first symptom is pain along the vessels of the inner 
 part of the thigh. In thin individuals these vessels may be felt as hard 
 sensitive cords. At the same time swelling appears in the feet and soon 
 extends upwards. This swelling is associated with severe pain and usu- 
 ally lasts for a considerable time. Months may elapse before the patient 
 can walk with comfort. 
 
A CHAPTER FOR MARRIED WOMEN. 399 
 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Relieve the painful symptoms and attend to the general health. Open 
 the bowels with salts. Aconite and belladonna are good in small doses. Give 
 witch hazel locally and internally. Apply hot applications. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Vinegar and Salt — Tansy, Hops, Boneset, Etc. — In case of milk leg 
 the bowels should be thoroughly purged every two or three days and the 
 leg frequently bathed with a mixture of vinegar, salt and water. Also, occa- 
 sionally bathe the leg with a tea of bitter herbs such as tansy, hops and 
 boneset. 
 
 2. Mayweed, Smartweed, Etc. — To induce sweating the patient should 
 drink freely of a tea made of mayweed and smartweed. Should the disease 
 become chronic, one of the best things to do is to steam the leg daily over 
 a hot decoction of tansy, boneset and hops and apply twice daily the follow- 
 ing liniment. The liniment is made by mixing 3 ounces of spirits of cam- 
 phor, 3 ounces of sweet oil, ly^ ounces of laudanum and 1^ ounces of 
 creosote. 
 
 Sore Nipples. 
 (See Baby^ Department.) 
 PEOf'LE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Partridge Berry. — Take two bunces of the fresh herb and make a 
 strong decoction in a pint of boiling water; strain and add as much cream 
 as there is liquid. Boil the whole down to the consistency of a soft salve 
 and when cool anoint the nipples each time after the child has nursed. 
 
 Caked and Broken Breasts. 
 
 (See Baby Department.) 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Catalpa Leaves. — Leaves of the catalpa tree wilted and applied are 
 good for caked breasts. 
 
 2. Ginger and Honey. — For sore and caked breasts spread some strained 
 honey on a cloth and sprinkle thick with ginger and lay on the breast as 
 warm as can be borne. 
 
 3. Brandy. — Ring flannels out of hot brandy and apply to broken 
 i)reasts. 
 
 4. Poke Root Poultice. — Roast some freshly dug poke root in ashes 
 until soft and then mix with hot water and apply to caked breasts. 
 
 Physician's Remarks. — Poke root poultices thus prepared are excellent 
 applications for troubles of this kind. 
 
 5. Beeswax and Sweet Oil. — When lumps or cakes remain after the in- 
 flammation has subsided apply a plaster made of beeswax and sweet oil to 
 the breasts. 
 
 6. Vinegar and Hop Poultices. — For broken breasts apply warm vinegar 
 or hop poultices. 
 
 7. Camphor, Etc. — Bathe the breasts three times a day the first three 
 or four days with a liniment made of equal parts of camphor, oil of cajeput 
 and oil of sassafras. Follow each application with an ointment made by 
 taking % ounce of yellow beeswax, 1^4 ounces of finely cut castile soap 
 and 1 ounce of lard. Melt these slowly and before cool add 8 drams of 
 Jamaica spirits in which there have been dis-solved 30 grains of camphor. 
 
400 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 This may be applied to the breasts by cutting a hole for the nipple in the 
 center of a piece of linen the size of the breast and spreading the ointment on 
 the cloth. It should be applied as warm as can be borne and removed and 
 heated every five or six hours to keep it soft. Bathe with the liniment each 
 time before applying the ointment. If matter forms apply either bread and 
 milk or a slippery elm poultice. ' 
 
 PhysiciaJl's Remarks. — Camphor will stop the secretion of milk but in 
 case of a broken breast this will probably not be of importance. 
 
 Abortion. 
 
 Among medical men it is customary to speak of all cases occurring be- 
 fore the 38th week as abortions. Generally it is called a miscarriage. Some 
 call it an abortion only when it occurs before the 16th week and it is then 
 called a miscarriage if it occurs between the 16th and 38th weeks and after 
 that time, if occurring before the natural time, it is called premature labor. 
 Abortion, miscarriage or premature labor is an "Expulsion of the foetus or 
 child before its natural time. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is difficult to tell the percentage of accidental cases. Be- 
 sides being a criminal offense and destroying the life of the child the pur- 
 posely causing of abortion is very dangerous to the woman's life and health. 
 Syphilis, displftcenients of the womb, diseases of the womb, diseases of the 
 heart and kidneys, sugar diabetes, and fright and grief sometimes cause an 
 abortion. During the first four months diseases and displacements of the 
 womb cause many of the cases while after that time syphilis and Bright's 
 disease play a very important part. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Threatened miscarriage or abortion calls for the services of a doctor. 
 The woman should immediately take to her bed at the first sign of flowing 
 or pain. For the pain the patient should be put to bed and given a hypoder- 
 mic of 1/4 grain of morphine at once. This should be followed by 1 grain 
 rectal suppositories of extract of opium which should be repeated every 
 '4 to 6 hours. The Indiart women used herbs for threatened abortion. Black 
 Haw was one of the remedies and is good for threatened miscarriage and as 
 a preventive in cases of habitual miscarriage. It should be taken one or two 
 weeks previous to the time of the former miscarriage and should be con- 
 tinued to the end of pregnancy. The dose of the tea is half an otince several 
 times a day and the dose of the tincture is a teaspoonfuj 4 or 5 times a day. 
 This is also very good for after-pains. 
 TREATMENT.— 
 
 Preventive Treatment. — It is best to prevent abortion if poGsible. 
 Doctor the diseases which cause it. A woman who has once had this 
 misfortune is very likely to have it again, and perhaps more liable to it 
 at the same month of pregnancy that it first occurred. Special care should 
 be taken to prevent this. The woman should not be subjected to fright, 
 anger or grief and should not lift heavy articles and should not ride on the 
 cars, train or automobile or after a fractious horse. She should also keep 
 away from the water. She should lead a very quiet life for a month before 
 and a month after the time she first miscarried. Miscarriage is very bad 
 in its effects on the health of a woman. It is likely to leave a long train of 
 ills behind it. There may be flowing or a foul discharge for some time. If 
 this is the case it may be that part of the afterbirth has been left in the 
 
A CHAPTER FOR WOMEN OF FORTY-FIVE. 401 
 
 womb and there may be inflammation. Leucorrhea, due to disease or a torn 
 cervix, may be one of the after effects of abortion. 
 
 A CHAPTER FOR WOMEN OF FORTY-FIVE. 
 
 The " change of life " or " menopause " is the final stopping or " cessa- 
 tion " of menstruation and occurs between the fortieth and fiftieth years. 
 There are cases that occur earlier and some that occur later. The flow may 
 gradually diminish in amount until it disappears entirely or it may stop ab- 
 ruptly or there may occur one or more intervals of one, two or three months 
 or more duration and be followed by one or more normal flows. Profuse 
 bleeding at this time and slight bleeding occurring more often than monthly 
 are, unfortunately, thought by most women to be of little account and as a 
 part of the normal phenomena of the change through which they are pasg- 
 mg. The same may be said of the apparent reappearance of menstruation 
 or of irregular bleedings occurring after the menopause has been established , 
 and menstruation has been absent for many months. Such appearances are 
 not normal. They should always excite the alarm of the woman for they 
 demand immediate attention. As a rule the flooding is caused by some dis- 
 eased condition of the. womb, as inflammation, polypi, fibroid tumors, or 
 cancer. The mild lesions may disappear with the progressive dwindling of 
 the womb and the flow may cease. Many women undoubtedly recover with- 
 out treatment and are thus confirmed in their belief that such irregular 
 bleedings are a normal part of the change of life and the unfortunate women 
 with cancers are thus encouraged to delay seeking advice and treatment 
 until it is too late. 
 
 The normal changes that occur in the genital organs at the menopause 
 are wasting or atrophic in character. If the woman is in good health and 
 has no disease of the womb, tubes or ovaries the menopause may become 
 established without any marked general disturbance. In many cases, how- 
 ever, very annoying general symptoms appear and last for one or two years 
 before the woman becomes adapted to the altered conditions. There may be 
 headaches, flashes of heat, nervous depression, derange lent of the digestive 
 apparatus and other functional disturbances. The woman often becomes 
 very fat at this period. The nervous derangement may be so severe as to* 
 result in insanity. The flashes consist of a feeling of heat over a part or the 
 whole of the body, followed by sweating and the sensation of cold or a slight 
 chill. They may occur frequently during the day and sometimes several 
 times during an hour. They usually do not occur as often during the night. 
 
 The treatment of the menopause should be directed toward the main- 
 tenance of the general health of the body and mind. The diet should be 
 carefully regulated. Too much rich food should be forbidden. The bowels 
 should be kept open and regular. The woman should have plenty of fresh 
 air and the proper amount of exercise. The first dilution of Gelsemium in 
 small doses is good for the nervous disturbances. Put 10 drops in a glass 
 half full of water and take two teaspoonfuls every 2 to 4 hours. The sixth 
 trituration of Sepia is also good at this time. Take one tablet every 3 hours. 
 The above are Homeopathic medicines. Quieting and soothing medicines 
 like bromide of potash may be used to produce rest and sleep. You can 
 use the elixir brortlide of potash, taking from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls a day. Give 
 a tonic like nux vomica in from 1 to 5-drop doses 4 times a day. Or, gentian 
 compound may be taken in teaspoonful doses 4 times a day. 
 26 
 
403 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Mental depression and nervousness demand a change of locality and 
 surroundings. Above all they demand cheerful, pleasant and sensible com- 
 pany and a good, honest, practical physician. Constant talk, advice and en- 
 couragement do much good at this time. A practical physician can carry 
 many women, who would otherwise become insane, safely through this 
 period by proper encouragement and treatment. 
 
 A woman at this time should sleep well and have a good healthy appe- 
 tite and eat proper food. If necessary the bowels should be kept open with 
 mild laxatives such as salts, etc. Baths should be taken frequently. Be out 
 of doors as much as possible. Have good cheerful company. Many women 
 during the " change of life " have very little trouble ; others need to be under 
 the care of the family doctor. Go to him when you feel bad and he can 
 frequently aid you without giving any medicine. Others have passed through 
 this time safely and so will you if you do not worry. Keep control of your- 
 self and hope for the best and that will aid you wonderfully. Make light 
 of your worries at this time and they will decrease. If you have any real 
 disease go to your doctor and tell him plainly all about it. Remember that 
 you will get better even though slowly. 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 
 
 NURSING AND FEEDING. 
 
 Why Should a Mother Nurse Her Baby? 
 
 Because it is the law of nature and nature has -provided for it. The 
 ■mother's milk is the only ideal health food. Babies that are nursed resist 
 disease better and are healthier in every respect. Nursing will also be an 
 aid to the mother; it will reduce the womb to normal size, keep it so and 
 render her less liable to pelvic congestion and diseases of the womb. 
 Should a Nursing Mother Drink Tea or Coffee? 
 
 Not as a rule; if she does it should be in moderation. Tea and cofifee 
 are constipating and also very likely to make the mother nervous. The 
 mother should remember that anything that injures her will injure her baby. 
 Cross, colicky, restless, sleepless children generally have mothers whose di- 
 gestion is poor, whose bowels do not act properly and who are nervous and 
 restless themselves. 
 Are there Any Diseases that Prohibit the Mother's Nursing? 
 
 Yes ; cancer, inflammatory rheumatism, scarlet fever, puerperal (child- 
 bed) fever, typhoid fever. Also any disease which causes a serious infection 
 of the blood prohibits nursing. 
 Does Nursing Necessarily Drain a Mother's System? 
 
 Not if she is reasonably well and her surroundings are favorable. 
 Should a Nursing Mother Eat Fruit and Vegetables? 
 
 She may eat freely of such articles as do not disturb her digestion. Even 
 this rule has its exceptions. Some infants have very feeble digestive powers 
 and a healthy mother must be very careful with such babies. Mothers whose 
 babies are cross and colicky should avoid everything that is raw and sour and 
 large quantities of cold drinks. This includes sour fruits, raw or cooked ; 
 also pickles, tomatoes and cabbage. Mothers will also find that free indul- 
 gence in animal foods, as meat, milk and eggs, is likely to make an infant 
 colicky. 
 How Soon After " Labor " Should the Baby be Put to the Breast? 
 
 It depends upon the condition of the mother and the child. If the 
 mother has had a hard labor she should have a good rest, especially if she 
 is exhausted. She should nurse it as soon as possible for nursing aids in 
 contracting and keeping the womb contracted, lessens danger of bleeding 
 from the womb and promotes the secretion of milk. If the baby sleeps well 
 and only awakens when the diaper is changed and then falls asleep again it 
 is not necessary for it to nurse. If, however, the baby cries, is uneasy and 
 refuses to be quieted, we may, six hours after delivery, put it to the breast. 
 If anything is needed before six hours, give the baby a little weak, warm, 
 sugar water. 
 What Secretion First Appears in the Breast and What is Its Use? 
 
 Colostrum. It tends to regulate the bowels and puts the stomach in 
 order for the digestion of the mother's milk. i 
 
 How Soon Do the Breasts Secrete Good Milk? 
 
 Usually on the third day good milk fills the breasts. 
 
404 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 If there is then no Milk Secreted What Should be Done? 
 
 If the baby is fretful and cross give it some cream; one part cream and 
 five parts warm water. 
 If "there is Little or no Milk After Waiting a Few Days What Should Be 
 
 Done? 
 
 If there is some milk the baby should nurse and if the food agrees with 
 the baby supply the deficiency by artificial feeding until the mother has 
 enough milk and of proper quality. If the child is well nursed it will sleep 
 well and its stools, one or two a day, will be of light yellow color and odor- 
 less. 
 What Should YoU Feed if a Mother Canriot Nurse a New-Born Babe? 
 
 Four to five teaspoonfuls of weak ^Ugat water every six to eight hours, 
 with a teaspoonful of very thick cream ; same on third day every one and 
 one-half to two hours unless mother is then able to tiurse. 
 Suppdsitig that This Kiild of Feeding is Insufficient, What Must^ be Done? 
 
 A " wet nurse " trlust be procured, of baby must be hand fed. 
 Are there Reasons for the Baby's Being Unable to Nurse, Even When the 
 
 Mother has Plenty bf Milk? 
 
 Yes; poorly developed nipples, nipples so retracted that the baby can-' 
 not nurse. Such nipples must be " drawn upon " until they stand out 'prop- 
 erly. The treatment should begin during the last four months of pregnancy. 
 Suppose the Nipples are so Sore that Nursing is Very Painful? 
 
 After each nursing wash the nipples clean with alcohol, one part and 
 water, four parts. Dry them thoroughly^ then apply solution of tincture 
 benzoin compound with camel's-hair pencil. You need not wash this off 
 before next nui-sihg as it will not hurt the child. Or, use one teaspoonful 
 of boric acid to a cup of warm water. Bathe nipples very gently after each 
 nursing. After they have been washed with boric acid solution apply the 
 following ointment. 
 
 Bismuth Nipple Ointment. — Subgallate of bismuth, 1 drani (teaspoon- 
 ful) ; betizodted lard, i ounce. Mix and apply to sore nipples after each nurs- 
 ing. This is good and not injurious to the baby. Also good for baby's sore 
 mouth. The following is very ^ood — glycerine or tannin, 1 fluid ounce ; 
 boiled 'watef, iy^ ounces. This is to be painted on nipples after using the 
 boric acid solution mentioned above. Sore nipples should not be used so 
 frequently — partly feed the infant. Do not let the infant nurse too long. 
 Mow May Sore Nipples Be Prevented? 
 
 ' Use nipple protectors or shield, and during the last few months of 
 pregliancy rub and massage the skin thoroughly over the nipples. When 
 they are not in a wet condition, apply mother's own saliva or cow's milk so 
 that the nipples are moist and then massage and rub them thoroughly. 
 What Can You do for Nipples that Crack or Discharge Pus ? 
 
 For cracked nipples use tincture benzoin compound as for sore nipples, 
 or J'Ou may use boric acid solution or oxide of zinc ointment. (Should be 
 washed off before nursing.) You may also use glass or hard rubber shield for 
 a few days until the nipple gets well. This is very good. If pus is discharged 
 from both nipples the baby must be weaned. 
 What Can You do to Prevent a " Broken *' Breast? 
 
 Keep the breasts thoroughly emptied, with a breast pump if necessary, 
 and keep them well protected at all times from pressure and irritation from 
 the clothing. If the breasts are so full they keep the clothing constantly 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 405 
 
 wet, use the breast pump. Such mothers ghoqjcj drinjf but jittle fluid ^nc} eat 
 mainly solid foods, unless the child js injvjred by thp solid foods. This will 
 be shown by the condition of its stools^QOse and of bad color apd odor. 
 If the Mother has pot Enough IVIilk Should She Wean the Baby or Partly 
 
 Nurse It? 
 
 Partly nurse it and feed the baby. The mother's ipi}l< assists the 
 stomach to digest the other foods, hut if the mother's milk tjiep prodtfces 
 colic, and green mucus and slimy stopj^ follow nurging, the mother's milk 
 is not of good quality and the nursing must be discontinued. Greep stools, 
 when accompanied by mucug and sliliie, are usually indicfitive of the unsuit- 
 able quality of food (milk) which causes colic and crossness, 
 iitow Can You Increase the Supply of Milk? 
 
 By regular habits, proper food, and proper amount of exercise and rest. 
 Milk, if taken, should not be used too freely for it has a tendency to produce 
 indigestion and biliousness in the mother, and the baby will then have colic 
 with mucous and yellowish green stools. Weak tea or thin gruels, well boilad 
 (with only enough cream or milk to make them palatable), are good when it 
 is necessary to take drinks in large quantities. A gruel should be made so as 
 to be only a drink, not a meal ; for if it is made richer than a drink it may 
 cause indigestion and thus reduce the amount of milk secreted. Beer and 
 extracts of malt are also used for thig purpose but are not equal to the 
 gruels in furnishing a nourishing quality of milk. Plenty of outdoor exer- 
 cise should be taken, but refrain from overwork, worry and excitement. 
 Good cocoa is also beneficial. 
 Should a Nursing Mother Use Any Alcoholic Liquors? 
 
 This depends largely upon her previous habits. She should avoid spices, 
 highly seasoned foods and everything which heats the blood or tends to dis- 
 turb the stomach, liver, bowels and kidneys. Her diet should be plain, 
 simple and strengthening. 
 What Things in the Habits or Diet of a Mother are Likely to Cause Colic or 
 
 Indigestion in the Baby? 
 
 Shock, fright, fatigue, worry, grief, passion and sudden anger are very 
 common causes ; also the food previously mentioned. 
 Is there any Benefit Derived from Chpcplate or Cocoa? 
 
 Yes. It is a great milk maker; it increases the quantity and improves 
 the quality. 
 How Can You Tell When a Baby is Well Nourished? 
 
 When the weight constantly increases ; when the baby has a good color 
 and sleeps well after each nursing; yvhen awake, is not fretful and peevish 
 and when it -has one or two yellowish stools (Jaily- 
 What Symptoms Show that a Baby is Poorly l^qqrishe^? 
 
 Such a baby is crpss, fretful, peevish, irritable and restless ; has irregular 
 sleep; sleep is broken up in short naps; nurses often and long or nursps 
 breast a short time then relinquishes it and cries; has cojic _^nd its gtfipls 
 contain undigested particles; its weight either remains stationary or de- 
 creases. 
 Does a Healthy Baby Ever Vpipit After JJursing? 
 
 Yes. It is generally dne to overfeeding or to milk tjiat is too rjplj. If 
 the milk vomited is sweet and is not curdled and the child remains welj, the 
 vomiting is harmless. 
 
406 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 How Long at a Time Should a Mother Nurse Her Baby? 
 
 . Usually from five to fifteen minutes. If a healthy baby nurses longer 
 it is generally due to a deficiency in the milk secretion. 
 How Often is it Necessary for the Baby to Nurse the First Few Days After 
 
 Birth? 
 
 Four or five times daily. 
 How Often Should The Baby Nurse During the Succeeding Months? 
 
 Every hour and a half to two hours during the first month and twice at 
 night — nine p. m. and two a. m. ; every two hours during the second and 
 third, months ; then the time can be extended to three and one-half hours. 
 What Should Be Done if Baby Wants to Nurse Oftener? 
 
 Give it distilled or boiled water as warm as the milk. 
 When Should You Stop Night Feeding? 
 
 If a baby is healthy and growing and sleeps well, you can begin at from 
 the sixth to the ninth month. 
 What Can You Do for a Hard, Inflamed or Caked Breast? 
 
 Relieve it with a breast pump. This may prevent caking, but if caking 
 does occur the breasts should be rubbed and massaged three times daily for 
 five or ten minutes after the hands have been thoroughly washed and 
 anointed with some sterilized oil. The breast is grasped in the palms of both 
 hands, one above and one beneath, and the breast then subjected to firm 
 pressure with a worm-like motion. A suspensory bandage folded bias re- 
 lieves the pain. Take a soft towel or large handkerchief, fold it bias, pass . 
 it underneath the arm and tie it behind the neck. 
 
 Applications. — (See Women's Department.) 
 
 1. Cloths wrung dry out of hot water and applied hot on the breast is a 
 good treatment in some cases. 
 
 2. Cloths saturated with a tea made from poke root is a good remedy. 
 Put this on the sore breast continuously. 
 
 3. A poultice made from poke root is excellent, or a poultice of fluid 
 extract of poke root. The fluid extract can be bought very cheaply. Use 
 half poke root and half water. Wring cloths out of it and apply warm. 
 
 4. Fluid extract of poke root may be used internally. Put one teaspoon- 
 ful of the fluid extract into a glass one-half full of water. Give two teaspoon- 
 fuls every one to three hours regularly. It will not hurt the baby in this 
 dose. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — 1. Belladonna, 2nd dilution. Put ten drops 
 into half a glass of water and give one to two teaspoonfuls every one to three 
 hours. This is very good when the breast is very red and throbs and beats. 
 
 2. Bryonia, 2nd dilution. Same dose and given in same way as Bella- 
 donna. This is good, especially after Belladonna, when there is much severe 
 aching all over and it hurts to move. 
 
 Allopathic Treatment. — Keep the bowels open with epsom salts, 1 table' 
 spoonful in half a glass of water taken in the morning. Ointment of oxide of 
 zinc is very good for sore and cracked nipples. It must be washed oflf before 
 nursing. 
 Should You Give the Nipples any Attention if they are not Sore? 
 
 They should be kept clean and dry. Immediately after nursing, dry 
 the nipples with a soft cloth and rub olive oil over them. Continue for a 
 week or two. 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 407 
 
 Should a Baby Nurse from a Breast that is " Broken " or Contains Pus? 
 
 No; for it may contract a very dangerous diarrhea. 
 If a Mother can only Partly Nurse the Baby, What Other Food May be Used? 
 
 Fresh cow's milk or some one of the many good baby foods. The method 
 of preparing cow's milk is described later. 
 When Should You Begin to Wean the Baby? 
 
 Weaning should be begun gradually when baby is eight months old, 
 unless weather conditions (summer) or circumstances, such as teething, make 
 it advisable to postpone or hasten it. 
 Do You Advise Sudden or Gradual Weaning? 
 
 Gradual, unless conditions and circumstances demand sudden weaning. 
 What Conditions or Circumstances Demand Sudden Weaning? 
 
 1. When the mother is in poor health and needs constant and con- 
 tinuous medical treatment and this treatment seriously impairs the baby's 
 digestion, then it may be necessary to wean the baby suddenly. 
 
 2. When both breasts contain pus (matter). 
 
 3. When the stools (contents discharged from the bowels) are always 
 green, foul and strong, and are not changed by nursing in four or five days. 
 What Diseases Make Sudden Weaning Necessary? 
 
 Puerperal fever, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, pneumonia, pyemia, sep- 
 ticemia. 
 Should a Mother Nurse Her Baby if Her " Monthlies" Return? 
 
 Yes, unless the nursing disagrees with her baby. This is shown by the 
 stomach and bowels of the child becoming disordered. 
 Can You Give Crackers, Bread, Butter, Etc., to Weaned Babies? 
 
 Crackers very thoroughly baked, almost charred, and stale bread may be 
 given to weaned babies but bread should be stale and with no butter, as 
 butter is very likely to upset the stomach. None of these should be given 
 to babies under nine months to a year old. 
 What Causes Sore Mouth in the Nursing Mother? 
 
 A too restricted diet, lack of exercise and fresh air. 
 What Should be Done for Such a Condition? 
 
 If the baby is not nourished it must be weaned. The mother should 
 drink freely of acid drinks, such as lemonade, lime juice, etc., and should eat 
 freely of vegetables and seasonable fruits. Baked apples, prunes and other 
 dried and preserved fruits may be eaten if fresh fruit cannot be procured. 
 Wash the mouth frequently with boric acid, 10 grains dissolved in 1 ounce 
 of water, or tincture of hydrastis (golden seal) diluted one-half with water. 
 
 Internally — Homeopathic Treatment — Mercurius Sol., 3rd trituration. 
 Give one tablet every 3 hours. Keep bowels open if necessary with salts. 
 What is the Best Food for the Baby if the Mother Cannot Nurse It? 
 
 Cow's milk modified to resemble human milk as much as possible. 
 How Does Cow's Milk Differ from Human Milk? 
 
 Cow's milk contains almost three times as much curd and about one- 
 half as much sugar. The curd is not easily digested. 
 What Ingredients Compose the Human Milk? 
 
 Out of 100 parts there are 871/2 parts of water and 121/2 parts of food. 
 The 12% parts of food are made up of fat, 4 parts ; sugar, ? parts and proteids 
 casein and albumin, 1% parts. 
 
408 THE PEOPLE G HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 What do You Call the Fat and Proteids in Milk? 
 
 The fat is the cream. The proteids are the cufd which is very similar 
 to albumen (or white of egg). They make muscle. 
 What is the Top Milk? 
 
 The upper third or half of milk that has stood six or eight hours, which 
 then contains three times as much cream as ordinary milk. 
 How Can Yoti Obtain the Top Milk? 
 
 Take it off with a spoon or siphonj 
 How is it Usually Treated or Diluted to Make Babies' Milk? 
 
 Take 1 part of top milk and add 2 parts of warm water; then add 1 heap- 
 ing teaspoonful of milk sugar to 4 ounces of this mixture or diluted food. 
 If cane sugar be used, one teaspoonful is enough for six ounces of the mixture. 
 
 Following is a very good combination ; 2 tablespoonfuls granulated sugar, 
 % cup boiling water, 1 tablespoonful lime water, 1 cup (% pint) cream, V/^ 
 cup of milk. Steam 20 minutes. This recipe comes from Dr. Hinsdale, df 
 the University of Michigan, and is very good. Increase or decrease the 
 amount of sugar, cream and milk according to the way they agree with the 
 child. 
 Should You Boil the Milk for Babies in the Summer? 
 
 No. It makes it hard to digest. Curd and albumin (white of an egg) 
 are identical. You would not boil the white of an egg and give it to the baby. 
 When is Milk Said to be Pasteurized? 
 
 When it is heated to a temperature of 154° to 170° (Fahrenheit) and 
 retained at that point from twenty to thirty minutes. 
 How do You Pasteurize Milk? 
 
 Place milk in a bottle (fruit jar will do), cover the top with absorbent 
 cotton and set it in a tin pail of cold water deep enough to surround the 
 milk. This water should be boiled for 30 minutes. A plate or dish must be 
 put Underneath the bottle to prevent breaking. 
 Should the Milk Always be Pasteurized? 
 
 Always in the summer. Better at all times in the cities. Cfeam does 
 not rise from pasteurized milk so the cream should be taken off before the 
 milk is pasteurized. The cream should also be pasteurized. 
 Is Partially Boiled Milk Harder to Digest? 
 
 Very little and this is more than counter-balanced by killing of the germs. 
 How Can You Sterilize Milk? 
 
 By bringing it to the boiling point (213 degrees Fahr.) and keeping it 
 there for 20 to 30 minutes. 
 Which is Preferable, Pasteurized or Sterilized Milk? 
 
 Pasteurised is easier to digest on account of stetilized milk being boiled, 
 and it is pleasinter to the taste, but it will not keep as long as sterilized milk. 
 It keeps fot only one or two days. Sterilized milk keeps longer. 
 What is a Simple Way of Sterilizing Milk? 
 
 Same way as the one described for pasteurizing; keep up the process 
 only long enough to make the milk boil, which is shown by the bubbles 
 coming to the surface. 
 When and Why Should Lime Water be Used in Milk? 
 
 The use of lime water neutralizes the excessive acidity (overcomes the 
 sourness) of the milk both before and after it is taken into the stomach. If 
 the baby's stomach is sour, lime water corrects this. Add one to three tea- 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 409 
 
 spoonfuls of lime water to each feeding. Usually, give 1 ounce or part of 
 lime water to twenty ounces or parts of food. 
 How Do You Make Lime Water? 
 
 By mixing building lime and boiled water together. It does not matter 
 about the amount of lime for only so much will dissolve in the water and it 
 cannot become too strong. Water can be poured off after standing three or 
 four days and more water added to the lime. Lime water is very cheap 
 and it can be procured fresh at any drug store as needed- The following 
 is another way to prepare lime water. 
 
 Take one heaping teaspoonful of slaked lime and one quart of boiled or 
 di.stilled water; place in a corked bottle and shake thoroughly two or three 
 times during the first hour. Allow the lime to settle and after 24 hours the 
 upper, clear fluid may be carefully poured or siphoned off for use. 
 Is there Anything We can Use in Place of Lime Water for the Same Trouble? 
 
 Yes ; common baking soda. Two to four grains of this may be added 
 to each bottle of food or 20 grains to 20 ounces of food. Twenty grains is 
 equal to % of a small teaspoonful. 
 When is the Soda and Lime to be Added to the Milk? 
 
 Soda may be added at any time to the milk. Lime water must only be 
 added after the milk has been heated. 
 Peptonized Milk— What is It? 
 
 Milk which has been pastiiilj or completely digested, so far as the 
 casein is concerned, by the addition of a digestive ferment. You can buy 
 these digestive tablets at the drug store. Dr. Douglas of Detroit gives the 
 following good formula : 
 
 Pajicreatin '. , . . . 1 drachm. 
 
 Salicylate of soda , 5 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of soda 80 grains. 
 
 Simple syrup ■ • r • 4 ounces. 
 
 Ten to twelve drops of this solution will peptonize an ounce of milk and 
 enough of it should be put into each bottle before warming the food to pep- 
 tonize or predigest the amount of milk which each meal contains. More of 
 the mixtufe may be used if this amount does not predigest the milk. When 
 a pancreatin mixture as above given smells very strong and disagreeable it 
 shows there is some decomposition in it and some other pancreatin should he 
 used. 
 Is Peptonized Mijk a Oood Milk to Use? 
 
 In some cases of acute indigestion when the stomach is very weak and 
 there is no pepgin secreted. 
 Would You Advise the Use of Only One Cow's Milk? 
 
 Yes; if you are sure the cow is healthy; otherwise, it is better to use 
 milk from the whole herd. 
 Do You Prefer Milk from Either a Jersey or Alderney Cow? 
 
 The milk from these cows is very rich in cream but deficient in casein. 
 The Holstein and Aryshire and common grade cows are usually vigorous, 
 healthy and strong and secrete a milk better suited to infant feeding. 
 Should Milk Be Diluted During Whole Babyhood? 
 
 Yes, but reduce the amount of water after the fourth month, since the 
 food should be made stronger after the baby is three or four months old. 
 How Should Cow's Milk Be Diluted at First? 
 
 The upper third or half of milk that has stood for six or eight hours should 
 
4:10 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. , 
 
 be taken off. Add to this twice as much boiled water and then add one 
 heaping teaspoonful of good milk sugar (Sugar of Milk is the same thing) 
 to every four ounces of the above food; or, if cane sugar is used, add one 
 teaspoonful to every six ounces of food. If this is too rich you can add 
 more water. 
 How Can I Tell if the Milk I Buy is of Good Quality? 
 
 The specific gravity of milk is 1039. Its reaction is slightly acid. To 
 determine the specific gravity, get a lactometer from a druggist, fill a 
 beaker so that it will float the lactometer and read the figures on the scale. 
 If it is above or below 1029 it is watered or reinforced by some foreign ele- 
 ment. For acidity (sourness), secure from your druggist, for a few cents, 
 some blue litmus paper. Put a small piece in the milk and if there is too much 
 acidity it will change to red. 
 Ho^ Can I Determine If the Cream is of the Right Amount? 
 
 Take a long thin bottle and paste a narrow strip of paper on the out- 
 side. Mark the paper into sixteen equal parts before you paste it on the 
 bottle. The lower edge of the paper should come just to the bottom of the 
 bottle, while the milk should come to the top of the paper. Set the bottle 
 filled with milk aside for twelve to twenty-four hours. The layer of cream 
 rises to the top and should be one-sixteenth of the whole amoLint. If there 
 is less than one-sixteenth of cream the milk is either very poor or has been 
 skimmed. 
 What is Condensed Milk? 
 
 Condensed Milk is milk from which the greater part of the water has been 
 evaporated. It is valuable when you cannot obtain pure cow's milk and when 
 you have little ice to keep cow's milk fresh. 
 What Kind of Bottles Should be Used for Giving Artificial Foods? 
 
 A straight cylindrical bottle holding eight ounces, on which are figures 
 dividing it into ounces and half ounces. You should have two or more bottles 
 for emergencies. See that the marking is correct so as to be sure the baby 
 receives the proper amount of food. All bottles should be rinsed immediately 
 after being used. Black rubber nipples should be procured as all rubber is 
 naturally of that color. The nipples should be scrubbed and cleaned thor- 
 oughly and kept in a soda or boric acid water till used again. Rinse them 
 thoroughly before using again. This care prevents much trouble in the way 
 of sickness. 
 Summary of Feeding Rules for Children. — - 
 
 ' 1. Avoid night feeding after the first six months. It causes wakeful 
 habits and a cross, irritable and unsuccessful child. 
 
 2. Hot weather always requires pasteurized or sterilized foods, smaller 
 meals, and lime water in or with the food. A reduced milk diet and lime 
 water are essential in summer. 
 Is Vomiting in Nursing Infants a Bad Sign? 
 
 The child that vomits much and is healthy merely casts out the super- 
 abundance of mother's milk swallowed. ^This is very different from vomit- 
 ing accompanied with coldness of the skin and cold sweating and sick stomach. 
 What are the Causes of Vomiting? 
 
 Unhealthy food and diseases — scarlet fever and meningitis. 
 How Does Unhealthy Food Affect a Baby and What May be Done For It? 
 
 Babies suffering in this "way are cross, pale and restless, very often 
 having green, slimy and foul stools. 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 411 
 
 Treatment.— ^Regulate diet when that is at fault. Temporary relief may ' 
 be obtained by a dose of castor oil or by giving the following to move the 
 bowels : 
 
 Laxative Alkaline Mixture. — (For child one year old.) 
 
 Bicarbonate of soda 40 grains. 
 
 Aromatic syrup of rhubarb 4 fluid drams. 
 
 Syrup of senna 5 fluid drams. 
 
 Syrup of orange 1 fluid dram. 
 
 Give one teaspoonful two or three times a day as needed for sour 
 stomach with constipation or foul smelling stools. Or, to strengthen stomach 
 digestion give the following digestive assistant: 
 
 Essence of pepsin 1 ounce. 
 
 Essence of pancreatin 1 ounce. 
 
 Give 10 to 20 drops after each meal for a child one year old. Increase 
 the dose gradually if necessary. 
 Do Green Stools Always Indicate Unsuitable Food? 
 
 No: Many infants have imperfectly developed digestive glands when 
 born and cannot properly digest even good human milk. 
 What Food Usually Causes Green Stools in the Healthy Infant? 
 
 Usually it is caused by too much of proteids (curd) in the mother's milk 
 or too much skimmed milk in the diet of the hand-fed infant. 
 What Foods Would You Give when Weaning is Demanded at Six or Seven. 
 
 Days Old? 
 
 A very light cream froin bottled milk 16 to 34 hours old, diluted with four 
 times as much boiled water and sweetened with 1 ounce of good milk sugar 
 or % ounce of granulated sugar to every 15 ounces of the mixture. One 
 ounce of lime water may be added to every 7 ounces of this and 1 to 2 table- 
 spoonfuls of this mixture fed to the infant every two hours or when it shows 
 hunger. If the whole mixture is sterilized or pasteurized it may be fed with- 
 out adding the lime water. 
 Can the Infant Continue to Thrive on this Strength of Food? 
 
 There must be the proper increase of one or more of the constituents 
 of food (fat, sugar and proteids). If there is too much sugar it will cause 
 gas, colic, loose splashy stools and a scalding redness in the bowel around the 
 rectum, extending all around the hips, due to the fermentation of the sugar. 
 Seven per cent, of sugar is about all an infant can stand. The usual strength 
 of milk sugar required for infants over one month is 1 ounce to every 20 
 ounces of food mixture. Increase 1 to 18 if necessary; or, if it causes irri- 
 tation, change to cane or grape sugar; or, the milk sugar may be reduced to 
 1 ounce to 25 or 30 ounces of food. Granulated sugar does not ferment as 
 quickly in hot weather as milk sugar and about half the amount of gran- 
 ulated sugar is needed. Milk sugar, however, should be preferred during the 
 first 6 months if it agrees with tlie baby. 
 
 Fat should form from 1 to 4 per cent, of the food. That is from 1 ounce 
 to 3 or 4 ounces daily. The new born infant may consume two to four tea- 
 spoonfuls of cream (fat) daily. The infant two months old may consume 
 twenty-five teaspoonfuls daily, thus leaving about eighteen to twenty tea- 
 spoonfuls of cream to be added to the infant's diet any time during the first 
 eight weeks, or an average of 2i/^ teaspoonfuls added each week during the 
 first two months. It may not be able to digest more than this amount any 
 
412 
 
 tHE t>£OPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 month afterward. If too much fat is given the appetite of the baby lessens; 
 it vomits an hour or more aftet meals; it Cries and has gas in the bowels; 
 sleep is disturbed; or, the bowels are loose with foul-smelling, greasy Or 
 rancid stools. 
 How Much Can the Proteids (they are found in skimmed milk and some also 
 
 in cream) Be Increased? 
 
 Infants of one month may consume % ounce daily and the large healthy 
 infant of 10 months about 25 ounces daily. The 24 (we take 24 for compari- 
 son) ounces represent 192 teaspoonfuls (1 ounce equals 8 tcclspoonftils) and 
 thus shows art increase of only about 4% teaspoonfuls weekly or % teaSpoon- 
 ful daily of skimmed milk. This amount is for a large he&lthy infant. If too 
 much skimmed milk (proteids) is given the infant becomes cross and colicky, 
 sleeps poorly, wakens very often and cries out with pain. The stools become 
 green, show much mucus and often curds; in some cases part of the stools 
 will be formed, the rest. soft ahd splashy. In other caSes stools will be formed 
 and well digested but carry a few curds also. 
 What Does Skimmed Milk Contain? 
 
 Four and one-half per cent, of stigar ahd 1/4% of fat in addition to the 
 proteids. Hence by too great increase of skimmed milk yott get tod miich 
 sugar and fat. 
 
 Rules Pdf Artificial l^'eedihg Up tb Twelve Months. 
 (Ptata Douglas.) 
 
 Number of Interval Kight Quantity Quantity 
 
 Age. Feedings betweth FeSdihgS^ (cif e4dh for 
 
 ifl Ffeedings, 10 p. mi Feedihg, 24 hours, 
 
 24 hours. Hoiifs. to 7 a. tri. Ounces. Ounces. 
 
 Third to seventh day 10 2 2 1 to 1% id to IS 
 
 Secohd to third week 10 2 2 1% to 3 15 to 80 
 
 Fourth to sixth week 9 2 1 2% to 3^ 23 to 33 
 
 Sixth week to third month 8 2% 1 3 to 4% 24 to 36 
 
 Third to sixth month 7 3 1 4 to 5% 28 td 38 
 
 Sixth to ninth month 6 3, 5^^ to 7 33 to 42 
 
 Ninth to twelfth month.. 5 3% ¥% to 9 37 to 45 
 
 Feeding Rules For Children from 12 to 15 Months Old. 
 (This is from Holt's " Infant Feeding "—pages 10-11-12.) 
 
 l^irst Meal. — A bottle containing 10 ounces of food composed of milk, 
 ? ounces, and 3 ounces of wheat, oatmeal or barley gruel. If milk is not rich 
 enough you can use 8 teaspoonfuls of cream and 6 ounces of milk. A pinch of 
 salt and half a teasptionful of granulated sugar may be added. This meal 
 should be givert aboUt 6 :30 a. m. 
 
 Second Meal. — 10 a. m. Same as the first. 
 
 Third Meal. — At 2 p. m. Beef juice 1 to 2 ounces three times a week, an 
 egg coddled or soft boiled two times a week, and a bottle containing ^ the 
 amount given at the first meal. A small piece of crisp toast may be given 
 with the Broth. 
 
 Fourth and Fifth Meals. — Same as the first and given at 6 and lO p. m. 
 
 Fruits at this period are the following : fruit juices, of which orange juice 
 is the best; next to this the juice of fresh ripe peaches, apricots or straw- 
 bei'ries. All these should be strained catefull^ through mUsIin to make sufe 
 that the child gets none of the pulp or seeds, either of which may Cause a seri- 
 ous disturbance. Of the orange juice or peach juice, 1 to 4 tablespoonfuls 
 
ALt ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 4J3 
 
 tnay be allowed st one time; of the others, half that quantity. The fruit 
 juice is best giyeij one botir before the second feecjirig. 
 
 Feeding Rules for Children froni 15 to 20 n^pnths. 
 
 First M^al.^lO to 12 ounces of plain cow's milk, warmed, taken from a 
 cup. 
 
 Second Meal. — 3 tablespoonfuls of oatmeal, hominy, wheaten grits or 
 some other cereal (of course this means take your choice of one of these only) 
 thoroughly cooked from 3 to 5 hours and strained, with 1 to 8 ounces of thin 
 cream, % teaspoonful of sugar and a little salt; plain milk 6 to 8 ounces. 
 
 Third Meal.-^Boiled rice (cooked 3 hours) usually with beef juice, stale 
 bread or zweibach. If the under teeth are through, raw scraped meat, such 
 as beefsteak or mutton chop, at first only one teaspoonful at a time; prune 
 pt;lp (not the skin), 1 to 3 tablespoonfuls; plsiin milk, 4 to 6 ounces. Msl<e up 
 whj^t is neede4 from the third megl given for child 12 to 15 months old. 
 
 Fourth Me^l. — Farina and milk, 10 to 12 ounces in all, alternating with 
 arrowroot or granum and milk, or stale bread and milk. 
 
 Fifth Me^L^lO to 12 ounces of plain milk from a bottle. 
 
 Fruit juices niq,y be given in larger quantities now- 
 Feeding Rvjles for Children From 80 to 24 Monthp. 
 
 First Meal. — Plain milk, 10 to 13 ounces. 
 
 Second Meal. — Sanje cereals as during the preceding four months, except 
 they need no longer be strained, only yery thoroughly cooked. Plain milk, 
 6 to 8 ounces ; piece of stale bread. 
 
 Third Meal.— Raw me^t pulp (steak, chop or roast beef), from 1 tea- 
 spoonful to 1 tablespoonful, wejl salted, and four ounces of chicken or mutton 
 broth ; on alternate days from 2 to 4 ounces of beef juice, or a soft egg mixed 
 with bread crumbs or with 1 tablespoonful of rice jelly well cooked; stale 
 bread without butter; and fruit, Only water to drink. 
 
 Fourth Me^l. — parina, granum or bgrley and milk, 10 to 12 ounces in all. 
 
 Fifth MeaJ.-^lO to l? ounces of plain milk. 
 Whst Fruits During This Period? 
 
 •Only fruit juices if digpstjop is feeble. Strong children may have in addi- 
 tion prune pulp, bfiked apple and apple sauce. Prune pulp is prepared by 
 stewing the dried prunes without sugar until theyi are very soft and removing 
 all the skin by putting the fruit through a strainer. One to two tablespoon- 
 fuls may be given at a time; baked apple, plain; a little sugar with apple 
 sauce. 
 
 Feeding Rules for the Third Ye^r, 
 How Many Meals During the Third Ye^r? 
 
 Four; all night meals omitted. 
 Proper Diet for an Average Child During Third Year? 
 
 Juice of an orange % hour before breakfast. 
 
 First Meal — Two tablespoonfuls of a well cooked cereal with cream, a 
 little sugar and salt ; stale dried bread and butter ; glass of warm milk ; soft 
 tgg three times a week. 
 
 Second MeaJ.^Glass of warm milk or a cup of chicken or myttpn broth 
 with a slice of Stale or dried breac}; a piece of unsweetened zweibach or a 
 Huntley Palmer breakfast biscuit. 
 
414 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Third Meal. — Broth (when not given at second meal)'; meat, steak, chop, 
 roast beef, roast lamb, or white meat of chicken, scraped or very finely cut; 
 .potatoes (baked or mashed) or rice, or macaroni stewed very soft with milk ; 
 asparagus, or fresh peas, or string beans, or spinach, or stewed celery, all 
 thoroughly cooked and mashed; bread and butter; junket or plain custard 
 twice a week ; on other days prunes, baked apple or apple sauce. 
 
 Fourth Meal. — Ten to fourteen ounces of warm milk, -yith bread, farina, 
 arrowroot, barley, corn starch or granum and milk, or milk toast. Hours — 
 6 :30— 10— 2 and 6. 
 
 Feeding Rules for the Third to the Seventh Year. 
 
 ARTICLES OF FOOD.— 
 
 Milk. — This should be the basis of the diet; most children require about 
 one quart a day. This usually needs no modification but if the curd is some- 
 what difficult of digestion, as shown by changed character of stools and colic, 
 it may be prepared by adding to 6 ounces of milk 1 ounce of cream and 3 
 ounces of water. The milk to be given warm. 
 
 Cream. — This is of great value, especially when there is a tendency to 
 constipation. From 3 to 4 ounces may be given daily, but it is essential that 
 it be given fresh. It may be used upon cereals, upon potatoes, in broths, and 
 mixed with milk. In many cases it is better to stop feeding milk and give only 
 cream. 
 
 Cream should be omitted if its use is followed by coating of the tongue, , 
 foul breath, looseness of the bowels and other signs of indigestion. 
 
 Eggs. — They should be fresh, soft boiled, poached or coddlexl, but never 
 fried. Some children tire readily of eggs even though the manner of cooking 
 is varied. Others will take an egg twice a day for an indefinite period with 
 relish and benefit. 
 
 Meats. — Some form of meat which has been properly cooked should be 
 given once a day. The best forms are beefsteak, mutton chop, and roast beef 
 or lamb ; next to these the white meat of chicken or fresh fish, which should 
 be boiled or broiled ; fish may be used once a week instead of meat ; beef and 
 mutton should be given rare. Do not give meat and eggs at the same meal. 
 
 Vegetables. — Potatoes may be given once a day, preferably baked, with 
 the addition of cream or beef juice, rather than butter. Of green vegetables, 
 the best are asparagus tops, spinach, stewed celery, small carrots, string 
 beans, fresh peas and squash ; young beets may be used, if thoroughly cooked. 
 One of these vegetables may be given daily, always well cooked and mashed. 
 
 Cereals. — Nearly all of these may be used : oatmeal, wheaten grits, hominy, 
 farina and arrowroot. Thorough cooking is necessary. 
 
 If grains are used the cereals must be cooked at least three hours, after 
 having been previously soaked for several hours. If the prepared oats or 
 wheat are used they should be cooked at least l^A hours ; the prepared flours 
 at least 30 minutes. They should always be well salted and given with milk 
 or cream, but with little or no sugar. 
 
 Broths and Soups. — The meat soups or broths are preferable to the vege- 
 table broths. Nearly all varieties may be given. Plain broths are very nutri- 
 tious and when thickened with arrowroot or corn starch with cream or milk 
 added they are very palatable, and at the same time are a valuable addition 
 to the diet. Beef juice may be used as directed for the second year. 
 
 Bread and Crackers. — In some forms these may be given with nearly 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 415 
 
 every meal, with very little butter until the third year. Cream is usually a 
 better form of fat. AH varieties of bread may be allowed when stale; also, 
 dried bread, zweibach, and oatmeal, graham or gluten crackers, or Huntley 
 Palmer breakfast biscuits. 
 
 Desserts. — The only ones that should be allowed up to the sixth year 
 are junket, plain custard, rice pudding without raisins and, not oftener than 
 once a week, ice cream. Of the last three the quantity should be very mod- 
 erate. 
 
 Fruits. — They are an important part of a child's diet and should be 
 given in some form every day. Oranges, baked apples and stewed prunes 
 are most to be depended upon. Raw apples in most cases should not be given. 
 Peaches, pears and grapes (seeds removed) may be given when thoroughly 
 ripe and fresh but only in moderate quantity. 
 
 Special care should be exercised in the use of fruits in very hot weather 
 and in cities where they may not always be fresh. 
 
 Berries and cherries are best deferred until children are five or six years 
 old, and .even then should be given sparingly. 
 
 Beware of unripe or over-ripe bananas. 
 
 Potatoes. — May be used during the second year but not during the first 
 year. Never feed them to young infants during the summer season as they 
 cause indigestion and diarrhea. They must be boiled or mashed and may be 
 dressed with cream, gravy (not much) or beef juice and a little salt. 
 FORBIDDEN ARTICLES.— 
 
 Meats. — Pork, ham, sausage, dried and corn beef, salt fish, li.ver, bacon, 
 kidney, meat dressings, duck and goose and also meat stews, are all difificult 
 to digest. 
 
 Bread and Cakes. — Avoid hot bread, rolls and biscuits, griddle cakes and 
 much sweet cakes, particularly those with fruit or frosting. 
 
 Vegetables. — Avoid potatoes in all forms during hot weather, and fried 
 or scalloped at all seasons, cabbage, onions, cucumbers, tomatoes, be^ts, rad- 
 ishes, green corn, baked beans and fried egg plant. 
 
 Desserts. — Avoid candies, dried, canned and preserved fruits, nuts, pies, 
 tarts, pastry, and much ice cream. 
 
 Drinks. — Do not give wine, beer, cider, tea or coffee. 
 
 Fruits.-^Avoid bananas, stale fruits and those out of season, all hard 
 kinds, and those that are very sour. Avoid grapes unless the seeds and skins 
 are removed. 
 
 MAKING PREPARATION FOR THE BABY. 
 
 Baby's Wardrobe. — This may be as extensive as the mother wishes and 
 can afford. 
 
 The belly band should be of soft, thin, white shaker flannel, five inches 
 wide and sufficiently long to pass two or three times around the body. It is 
 secured with strings, not with pins. 
 
 The binder is discarded usually about the seventh month when the infant 
 begins trying to stand. There is much difference of opinion about this. Some 
 say the flannel band can be discarded when the baby is four months of agfe, 
 others earlier. To prevent rupture, a bandage is used to hold navel and 
 dressing in place imtil healing and separation have taken place. 
 
 Clothing. — ^This, should consist of a chemise of wool next to the skin, and 
 over this should be a loose garment, also of wool or flannel, reaching from the 
 
416 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 shoulders to below the feet and sufficiently long, say 26 inches, to allow it to be 
 folded upward. Garments should not be tight across the chest. 
 
 The chemise, which should be of gaute weight, is worn both winter and 
 summer. Wool irritates sopie children. For these, place a fine linen chemise 
 next to the skin and over this the gauze wool garment. No sleeves or opening 
 in front for chemise. Woolen socks to reach to the knees. 
 
 Diapersj— Lot of them ; 4 dozen of birdseye cotton. Needs to be just 
 twice its width in length, say 18 inches wide and one yard in length. 
 
 Per The First Half Year the Following is Recomtnended in Clothing. 
 
 1. Diapers of birdseye cotton — a goodly number. 
 
 2. An undershirt, of the softest flannel, without sleeves and dpening in 
 front, as many as you may need, say three. 
 
 3. A fine flannel prmcess dress about 37 inches loiig, opening in front, 
 and with high neck and long sleeves. 
 
 4. Muslin slips of similar style, many as you need, say six. 
 
 5. Woolen socks to reach to the knees. 
 
 Or the Following: 
 
 Six dresses. , 
 
 Six slips ; a little more simple than the dresses, to be worn altogether the 
 first month or six weeks. 
 
 Six white petticoats (Butterick pattern the best). 
 
 Four flannel shirts. 
 
 Four day skirts. 
 
 Six muslin night dresses. 
 
 Four flannel wrappers for night wear in cool or cold weather. 
 
 Four or six pinning blankets. 
 
 Four dozen diapers. 
 
 A flannel apron for baby's bath, to be worn by the nursS or whoever bathes 
 the baby. 
 
 Four soft flannel bands, unhemmed, 5 by 25 inches^ and socks. Some 
 mothers prefer the little cfddheted bootees. 
 
 BATHING. 
 At What Age May a Child be Given a Full Tub Bath? 
 
 Usually when two weeks old. It should not be givert before the cord 
 comes off. 
 How and When Should the Bath be Given? 
 
 It is generally considered best to give the bath in the morning and rot 
 sooner than orte hour after feeding. The room should be warm; if possible 
 there should be an open fire. The head and face should first be washed and 
 dried; then the body should be soaped and the infant placed in the tub with 
 the body well supported by the hattd of the nurse. Bath should -be given 
 quickly, body dried (not tubbed) rapidly with a soft towel. 
 At What Temperature Should the Bath be Given? 
 
 For the first few weeks at 100 degrees; later, during early infancy, at 98 
 degrees ; after six months at 95 degrees. During the second year from S5 
 to 90 degrees. (Fahrenheit.) 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 417 
 
 What Do You Regard as the Best Soap for an Infant? 
 
 There are many good ones. Do not use irritating soaps. (Ivory soap 
 is good.) 
 Is It Necessary to Use a Baby Powder After a Bath^ and If So, What is Best? 
 
 Not necessary. Remove all moisture and if anything is needed, ordinary 
 talcum powder or pulverized or sifted oatmeal will do. 
 Would You Continue the Daily Bath with a Sick Baby? 
 
 No ; only bathe enough to keep it clean. Baths in some kinds of sickness 
 are injurious. 
 Do You Give any Special Attention to the Scalp? 
 
 It should be thoroughly wa:hed and dried. In infancy the sebaceous or 
 oil glands are Very active and the head must be kept clean or a skin disease 
 will develop. (Scald-head, milk crust, etc.) Dry the hair with a soft towel 
 and brush with a fine hair brush. Do not use a comb. No preparation of 
 any kind need be used on the head. 
 If there is any Chafing Must You Modify the Bath? 
 
 Instead of soap, one tablespoonful of powdered borax may be added to 
 the bath if necessary. 
 
 Apply the following if necessary : 
 
 Boracic acid : . 1 dram or 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 Glycerine 1 dram or 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 Balsam Peru 1 dram or 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 ' Vaseline, white '. . 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, make into an ointment and apply to sore parts. 
 
 CARE OF THE BABY. 
 Oft Which Side Should a Baby Lie? 
 
 On the right side mostly. The liver is a very large and heavy organ and 
 will press upon the stomach and make, the baby uncomfortable if you place 
 it on its left side. 
 What are the Normal Respirations of an Infant? 
 
 Immediately after birth, 44 per minute ; first to sixth month, 24 to 36 per 
 minute; second to fifth year, 20 to 32 per minute; sixth to tenth year, 20 to 
 28 per minute. 
 What is the Normal Pulse Rate? 
 
 At birth, 130 to 135 per minute. 
 
 First year falls to 110. 
 
 Second years falls to 100. 
 
 Fifth to 8th year falls to 98. 
 
 At puberty (15 years), 72. 
 What is the Normal Temperature at Birth? 
 
 99I/0 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 
 Where Should Temperature Be Taken? 
 
 In the rectum, thermometer half buried for three minutes. If taken in 
 the armpit leave five minutes. 
 What is Included in the " Period of Infancy? " 
 
 This depends upon the authority ; some say from birth to the end of the 
 first year ; others say until all the first teeth come. 
 What is Included in the " Period of Childhood? " 
 
 From completion of first teething to ten, twelve or fifteen years, differing 
 According to authors. 
 
 S7 
 
418 THE PEOPLE'S PIOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 How Many Hours a Day Should a Baby Sleep? 
 
 It should sleep most of the time. 
 Do You Approve of Rocking or Walking With the Baby to Make It Sleep? 
 
 Keep it as quiet as possible. Take it in your arms if it is restless and 
 sing it to sleep. Keep it from excitement. Do not let anyone awaken it out 
 of a good natural sleep simply to see it. Causes a bad habit. Remember the 
 line from Pope — " Just as the twig is bent the tree is inclined." 
 Suppose the Baby Will not Sleep? 
 
 Regular habits in feeding both in mother and child and good healthy 
 stomach and bowels in both will aid and correct anything that is not very 
 much wrong. 
 Are there any Causes Other than Sickness that Will Make a Baby Restless and 
 
 Sleepless? 
 
 Teething causes nervousness and it is very likely to have indigestion, 
 poor nutrition and brain excitement, which will cause sleeplessness. Hunger, 
 due to insufficiei:': and poor quality of food, irregularity i^ feeding or nursing, 
 irregular habits and improper diet in mother may cause sleeplessness. Re- 
 member sleeplessness is frequently due to worms. 
 
 Should Either Quieting Medicines or Soothing Syrup Ever be Used? 
 
 When you have done everything and the baby does not sleep, some quiet- 
 ing medicine must be given for the child will be more injured by the crying 
 and loss of sleep than by the quieting medicine. 
 
 Do not use soothing syrups for so many of them have morphine or opium 
 in them and they are dangerous for a child. Paregoric will do, 1 to 3 to 5 
 drops for pain and sleeplessness, given every hour, if needed, until the child 
 is quiet. 
 
 If the child takes too much of a quieting medicine it must be kept awake 
 and be given strong coffee and an enema (injection) to move the bowels freely. 
 
 Mothers must remember that even a few drops of paregoric have caused 
 death, and paregoric must be handled carefully. 
 
 Do not forget the soothing influence of soft lullabies. How many chil- 
 dren have been lulled to sleep by the old nursery rhyme — " Hush-a-bye- 
 Baby ! " 
 
 The best plan is to begin at first and give the baby its meals at regulat 
 hours and only nurse or feed twice at night, say at 9 and 1 to 3 a. m. You 
 will form a h^bit and the baby will soon be satisfied and generally sleep well. 
 
 When a child is wakeful and restless, lay it first on its right side; then, 
 in an hour, or whenever it appears uneasy, turn it upon its left side. Some- 
 times lying on one side too long makes a child restless and a change of posi- 
 tion rests it. 
 What are Some of the General Signs of Sickness in a Baby? 
 
 Unusual paleness or a general flushed face, dull looking eyes, no desire to 
 eat or to play, listlessness, disturbed sleep, uncommon wakefulness, sudden 
 starting or jumping while asleep with apparent fright, unusual drowsiness, 
 vomiting accompanied by paleness or paleness alternating with a flush of 
 redness more or less deep, hands and feet hotter, unusual and persistent cold- 
 ness of the feet, unaccustomed fretfulness, frequent or prolonged fits of cry- 
 ing or a marked change in the character of the cry, frequent or constant 
 vvrinkling of the brow, twitching of the muscles of the face, rejection of food, 
 unusual movements of the head and limbs, crying or moaning whenever the 
 body is moved and a material rise of temperature all indicate illness in the 
 baby. 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 419 
 
 What Should be Done if a Child Shows the First Symptoms of a Serious Ill- 
 ness? 
 
 Put tlfe child to bed. If it is an infant, the food should be diluted one- 
 half the usual strength. If an older child, only fluid food should*be given. If 
 the child seems feverish take the temperature. If the bowels are constipated 
 give a teaspoonful of castor oil. Better exclude other children from the room, 
 especially if it has been exposed to a contagious disease, or if there are con- 
 tagious diseases in the neighborhood. 
 
 The diapers of sick children, as well as of healthy ones, should be 
 changed as soon as wet and washed soon. The child must have clean clothes 
 or it will become sore and chafed. 
 Does a Baby Sweat About the Head? 
 
 Not generally. 
 What Does Sweating About the Head Indicate? 
 
 It indicates weakness and is one of the first signs of rickets. 
 What Cry Indicates Sickness? 
 
 Too long or too frequent crying, a moaning or fretful cry and often- 
 times a whine and feeble, worrying cry indicate sickness. Temper cry is 
 boisterous. 
 What Cry Indicates Pain? 
 
 A pain cry is a strong, sharp, sudden cry and is accompanied by con- 
 traction of the features and drawing up of the limbs. 
 What Does Frequent Jerking and Twitching of the Muscles Mean? 
 
 Irritation somewhere and is common in indigestion, diarrhea and in 
 brain troubles ; it also frequently indicates convulsions. 
 What Does it Mean When it Hurts a Child to Be Handled? 
 
 Rheumatism or acute rickets. With pleurisy the child cries when the 
 chest is pressed upon. It may also mean inflammation of some organ in the 
 abdomen (belly). 
 What Indicates Chronic Illness? 
 
 Loss of weight accompanied by other disturbances. 
 Sleeping With Eyes Half Open Means What? 
 
 Simple colic or pain anywhere causing unsound sleep. It is also a 
 common symptom in all serious acute and chronic diseases. 
 Hov/ Much Does the Stomach of a New-Born Infant Hold? 
 
 Six to seven teaspoonfuls. 
 What Causes a Child to Cry When It Passes Urine (watej-) ? 
 
 Inflammation of the urethra or a too acid urine. Animal foods form an 
 excess of urea in the blood which the kidneys cannot eliminate. Then uric 
 acid crystals form, causing pain in passing urine. Meat diet should be les- 
 sened and farinaceous (starchy) foods substituted, not entirely, but mostly. 
 Fortunately, such a condition rarely occurs in a baby under two years of age 
 but is most often found in older children who have been living on some form 
 of meat juice or beef tea. 
 What Causes Bleeding From the Navel? 
 
 Cord improperly tied or blood vessels were very large. Remdve clothing 
 and dressing and re-tie carefully near the body with strong linen thread. 
 How Can I Tell if the Baby is Tongue-Tied? 
 
 Bridle beneath the tongue is too short, or is attached so near the tip of 
 the tongue as to interfere with its motion in sucking. If baby can protrude 
 
iSO THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 the tongue beyond the lips or if it can draw on the nipple enough to nurse, 
 
 you need have no fear of a tongue tie. 
 
 What; Can he Done if the Baby is Tongue-Tied ? 
 
 The bridie may be nicked with a pair of blunt scissors. There is an artery 
 here so a doctor must do it. 
 
 "DONT'S" FOR THE BABY, 
 
 Don't let the baby have milk in the bottle to suck all night. Its presence 
 an its mputh keeps the baby half awake and it will not rest well and will 
 awaken Often. 
 
 Don't give it an empty bottle to suck at any time for it will not only 
 keep it y\rakeful, but the baby will suck air and get wind colic. 
 
 Don't take the baby out evenings and break up its regular habit. It will 
 make the baby restless and wakeful. 
 
 Don't keep it up when callers are present evenings and disarrange its 
 habit of going to sleep at its regular time. 
 
 Don't give it a " comfort " at night. Do not commence the habit as 
 it ma,y tend to keep the baby from sleeping soundly. If it awakens often at 
 night give it warm water instead of milk. 
 
 Don't rub or massage the baby at night as it will tend to cause more 
 blood to circulate in the brain. Massage or rub the feet gently if you wish; 
 algo the spinal column gently. 
 
 CHILDREN'S. DISEASES. 
 
 SORE EYES. 
 
 What Causes Sore Eyes in a New-Born Babe? 
 
 Error in management after birth. The secretions from mothers some- 
 times cause it. Too much light. Careless use of towels. Dust. It is called 
 " ophthalmia neonatorium " and js very dangerous to the sight. Over 70fo of 
 all babies going blind during the first year become blind from this disease, and 
 for this reason a doctor should be called at once. It is frequently caused 
 by gonorrhea in the mother. 
 What Should Be Dgne for Sore Eyes? 
 
 Cleanse the eyes with a soft piece of linen, hold the baby on your lap 
 with head bent backward and light toward the diseased eye. Gently separate 
 the lids and clean them with a solution of boric acid, % °^ ^n ^^en teaspoon- 
 ful to a pint of warm water. Use a soft cloth or a little absorbent cotton. If 
 there is much inflammation and pus, you must get a doctor. In the 
 meantime, wash the pus (matter) away with a solution of boric acid, 10 
 grains to 8 teaspoonfuls of water. If the lids stick together a little vaseline 
 from a tube should be rubbed upon them at night. If the trouble is slight 
 this will cure it. Also exclude light from the room — live in a dark rooni. 
 
 Be careful of the discharge. Do not get it into your eyes or you will 
 contract the. disease. Never use the same towels or qloths for yourself. 
 Further Treatment. — 
 
 Aconite — third dilution. Put 15 drops into Vg cup of water and give two 
 teaspoonfuls every 1 to 3 hours. 
 
 Mercurius SqI, 3d tritwration—l tablet every three hourg when there is 
 much matter. 
 
ALL ABOUt THE MOTHER AND rfER BABY. 431 
 
 (Local) Silver nitrate, 3 to 5 grains; water, 1 ounce. Turn lids down 
 and apply gently with a camel's-haif pencil after eyes are cleaned. 
 
 To dilate pupil, use atropine, 1 grain and water, 1 ounce. Drop a few 
 drops into eye to make pupil dilate so there will be ng adhesion. Must be care- 
 fully used or you will set up atropine poisoning. 
 
 EARACHE. 
 How May I Know When the Baby has Earache and What Can be Done for it? 
 
 Very comihon in babies. Symptoms— 'Child cries suddenly and violently 
 and continues persistently to cry in loud, sharp scream-cries. Puts hand to 
 the affected member and cries when the ear is touched. Turns the head with 
 the sore eat down. When very young it is restless, moans constantly and 
 refuses to be comforted ; cries almost every moment. The inconsolable infant 
 should be at once suspected of having earache. 
 
 Treatment. — Irrigate ear with a solution of boric acid. Use 20 grains 
 boric acid to 1 ounce of water. Twenty grains is % teaspoonful and 1 ounce 
 is equal to 8 teaspoonfuls. Use as hot as can be borne. 
 
 Apply dry heat. First cover the ear with cotton then with a bandage ; 
 bind on a small hot water bag or a bag filled with hot salt or bran. 
 
 When the pain cannot be controlled by heat externally, give internally 
 from one-fourth to one drop of laudanum (1 drop for a one-year-old baby)_. 
 You can put it in water in order to get the right proportion. For instance, 
 put 1 drop into 4 teaspoonfuls of water and give one teaspoonful ; that makes 
 1^ of a drop at a dose. I would not give laudanum more than twice with an, 
 interval of % hour after first dose. Laudanum dropped on cotton and placed 
 in the ear is good. The application of steamed hops is also good. Paregoric 
 may be given every hour for 3 or 4 doses, but some children cannot take it at 
 all. Apply, if necessary, a hot onion poultice. 
 
 Earache often terminates in a discharge which generally stops after a 
 week or two. If it does not cease, pour into the ear and empty out after 15 
 minutes the following: 
 
 Sulphate of zinc 20 grains. 
 
 Carbolic acid • 10 drops. 
 
 Tincture iodine % dram (% teaspoonful). 
 
 Glycerine 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, and fill ear each day while child lies down and after 15 
 minutes let it run out (always syringing' out the eat first with warm water). 
 Keep this lotion warm. Thin it with water if it is too thick. 
 Homeopathic Remedies. — 
 
 Pulsatilla, 3rd trituration. — 1 tablet every ^^ hour to hour until better ; for 
 pain, neuralgic in character, intermittent, no fever. 
 
 Mercurius, 3d trituration. — 1 tablet every hour when suppuration (pus) 
 is impending or has already begun. 
 
 Belladonna, 3rd dilution. — Put 15 drops into a glass % full of water and 
 give two teaspoonfuls every % to 3 hours for beating, throbbing arteries, very 
 red face, fever. 
 
 Aconite, 2nd dilution. — Prepare same way and give same dose for ear- 
 ache caused by cold. 
 
 Mullein oil dropped into ear or cotton saturated and put into ear. Keep 
 bowels open. 
 
423 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 HEADACHE. 
 
 What are the Symptoms of Headache and What Can be Done for it? 
 
 A hot, restless, wakeful baby tells by its wrinkled brow, rolling head, 
 avoidance of light, moaning, and general heavy appearance that it has head- 
 ache. Many of these cases are not recognized and the fever and pain pass on 
 to brain trouble. 
 
 Causes. — Fever, cold, hot sun, indigestion, constipation, weakness, fatigue, 
 eye strain and diseases of heart and kidneys. 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Bathe the head gently and freely with cool water and soon the little one 
 is quiet and lets you continue bathing. Remove cause. Begin general treat- 
 ment by moving the bowels. 
 
 Take sulphate of magnesium (epsom salts), 2 ounces and cream of tartar, 
 2 ounces. Mix, and for a child one year old give % teaspoonful in water 
 every three hours till the bowels move freely ; younger babies in proportion. 
 
 COLIC. 
 
 What Causes Colic in Babies? 
 
 The baby is improperly fed, for colic is always due to imperfect diges- 
 tion. In nursing babies it is generally due to irregularity in the health or 
 habits of the mother, or to change in her diet. Too frequent nursing is often 
 the cause. 
 Is Colic Ever Dangerous? 
 
 Yes ; the crji^ng may cause a rupture. 
 How Does a Baby With the Colic Act? 
 
 The baby cries violently until it is blue in the face, its belly or abdomen is 
 swollen, hard, and tense. The child doubles up, clinches its fists and then 
 straightens them out with violent jerks. These symptoms last a variable 
 time, then cease, often after a passage of wind from the mouth and bowels. 
 How Can Attacks of Colic Be Prevented? 
 
 Keep the feet and legs warm, in fact the whole body; regulate the diet 
 propdrly and the habits of the mother. These are the best preventives. 
 If Nursing Gives Relief, Should the Baby Nurse During an Attack of Colic? 
 
 No; for nursing only gives temporary relief and furnishes more fuel for 
 the colic, since in most cases it is due to fermented food. Give the colicky 
 baby some hot water if it is thirsty. 
 What is the Proper Treatment for Colic? 
 
 The nursing mother must carefully watch her own diet. Regular and 
 longer intervals for nursing, and less quantity. Give more water. 
 
 In bottle fed infants the proteids are at fault. Reduce them, that is, the 
 skimmed milk. If necessary, reduce the cream and sugar and starch. Colic is 
 usually accompanied by green or mucous stools when too much proteids are 
 given. 
 
 General Treatment. — First, see that the feet are warm. Apply flannels 
 to the abdomen (belly) or let the baby lie upon its stomach across a hot water 
 bag. 
 
 If colic continues inject into the bowels % teacupful of warm water con- 
 taining 10 drops of turpentine, and at the same time gently rub the belly so 
 as to start the gas (wind). If gas is in the stomach, give % soda mint tablet 
 in 1 tablespoonful of hot water. 
 
 . -W'l 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 433 
 
 If stomach is filled with food, give % to 1 teaspoonful of syrup of ipecac 
 every 15 minutes until the child vomits, or one tablespoonful of goose grease 
 or any drippings kept in the kitchen for cooking, or % teaspoonful of alum 
 in a wine-glassful of water or syrup. Tickle the throat with a feather or finger 
 or spoon handle. If vomiting does not quickly follow any of these remedies, 
 try y^ teaspoonful of mustard in % glass of warm water ; this succeeds often 
 vyhen all others fail to ca^use vomiting. Give two teaspoonfuls of common 
 salt in a wine-glassful of water, or a cathartic to get rid of irritating material. 
 
 Here is a remedy from Dr. Douglas of Detroit, who is a great specialist 
 in children's diseases. — ■ 
 
 Bicarbonate of soda 40 grains. 
 
 Aromatic syrup of rhubarb 4 fluid drams. 
 
 Syrup of senna 5 fluid drams. 
 
 Syrup of orange 1 fluid dram. 
 
 Give one teaspoonful two or three times a day as needed, for sour, gassy 
 stomach with constipation or foul smelling stools. ^ 
 
 Home Remedies. — 
 
 Soda Mint Solution. — 
 One-half teaspoonful of baking soda. 
 One-half teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of amvnonia. 
 
 For a one year old child give one teaspoonful spearmint or peppermint 
 water in a cup of hot water, and repeat if necessary. 
 
 Frequently, relief can quickly be obtained by givin^^ some drink such as 
 peppermint, anise seed tea, catnip tea, etc. Gin and wkiskey are also good; 
 mix them well with soda mint solution above, if you have it. 
 
 The above home teas are very good. Make them as )^ou would any tea. 
 The longer they are steeped the stronger they become. 
 
 Chamomilla, 3rd trituration; one tablet every % hour. Give this when 
 the belly is terribly distended because of no relief from gas. Chamomilla tea 
 is also good. Teas may be used freely. 
 
 Make peppermint, anise seed and catnip teas the same way you make 
 the infusion from store teas. You can buy these drugs cheap at drug stores 
 with directions on each package. They are much more harmless than store 
 tea. Usually take two ounces of the medicine to a pint of boilins; water and 
 give one to two ounces of this solution every % to 1 to 3 hours, as needed. 
 This dose is for an adult ; give only one-twelfth of this amount to a baby. 
 
 TEETHING. 
 V^hen and in What Manner Does Teething Come in a Healthy Infant? 
 
 There are 30 teeth in the first set, The two central lower incivsors are 
 usually cut first, from the fifth to ninth month. The four upper central teeth 
 next, from the eighth to twelfth month. The other two lower central teefh and 
 the four front double teeth come from the twelfth to the eighteenth rr.ionth. 
 Then follow the four canine teeth, the two upper ones being known as the eye 
 teeth and the two lower as the stomach teeth. They generally corrie between 
 the twenty-fourth and the thirtieth months. 
 
 At one year a child usually has six teeth ; at one and one-half years, usuaJly 
 twelve teeth ; at two and one-half years, usually twenty teeth. 
 
 Permanent teeth, which number thirty-two, usu^tlly appear in the fol- 
 lowing order and time: first molars at 6 years; inci::f3rs, 7 to 8 years; bicuS- 
 
424 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 oids, 9 to H years ; canines, 11 to 14 years ; second molars, 13 to 15 years ; 
 
 third molars (wisdom teeth) 18 to 25 yeai^s. 
 
 Does Teething Necessarily Cause Convulsions and Other Sicl?ness in Babies? 
 
 Not necessarily. A healthy baby, unless it has a peculiar constitution 
 seldom has convulsions from this cause alone. A nervous, irritable baby that 
 is poorly nourished and whose system is already deranged by previous ill 
 health is very likely to have trouble when teething. 
 
 Children very robust and apparently healthy sometimes have convulsions 
 when teething. When they do it is often due to the fact that the gums are 
 sore, hard and tough, which holds them down so hard on the tooth that the 
 nerve is irritated and convulsions follow. 
 Do Convulsions During Teething Call for Lancing? 
 
 Such a condition calls for proper lancing, especially when accompanied 
 by the child's being fretful, restless, or sleepless. The child may start and 
 jump when sleeping. It is sometimes necessary to lance several times. 
 Lancing is not very painful and the relief is soon seen by the change in the 
 child. 
 What are the Early Sigr^s of Teething? 
 
 Several weeks before, there is usually an increased flow of saliva (drool- 
 ing). The child chews upon everything it can get its hands on. 
 Do You Approve of Giving the Baby Anything to Bite Upon? 
 
 I A soft rubber ring may be used; hot the nipple, for the baby will then 
 get the colic from sucking wind. Nothing hard should be used. 
 What Causes the Mother to Dread the Second Summer During Teething? 
 
 It is then that the first molars and also the canines usually come. These 
 two groups of teeth may cause trouble if the teething comes when it is very 
 warm, damp and muggy, especially in improperly fed and poorly nourished 
 children. Bad weather and improper feeding cause more convulsions and 
 diarrhea (looseness of the bowels) than teething. 
 What is the Cause of Early Decay in Infant's Teeth? 
 
 This is generally due to improper food and a neglect to keep the mouth 
 clean. Sour stomach will also cause it. Take a piece of absorbent cotton, 
 dip it into boiled water and gently clean the baby's mouth after it has nursed 
 from the bottle. The mouth of a breast infant usually needs no attention. 
 Usually before the teeth come the mouth needs no attention. 
 
 Keep the bottle and nipple thoroughly clean. They should be boiled once 
 a day for 15 to 20 minutes and cleaned thoroughly after every nursing with 
 hot water, etc. 
 What are the Disorders Resulting From Teething? 
 
 There is sometimes considerable constitutional disturbance, more or less 
 pain and discomfort, fever, vomiting, diarrhea or convulsions resulting from 
 teething. 
 Can You Aid Teething With Medicine? 
 
 Calcareaphos (Homeopathic), 3rd trituration. — 1 tablet four times a day 
 and continued for weeks. In cases where mothers find that their children do 
 not teethe readily, this, given during the last four months of pregnancy, will 
 helrp. 
 Is It Well to Check the Loose Bowels Coming During Teething? 
 
 Never directly with binding remedies for nature is trying to carry off 
 poisonous materials in the bowels. It is generally best to give a mild laxative 
 to g^t rid of the content:, of the bowels in severe cases and this frequently 
 stops the trouble. 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 485 
 
 la Change of Air Beneficial to Teething Children? 
 
 Yes, go to a dry Gooler climate, but you must dress the child th6roughly 
 to protect it from the climatic change. Loose bowels frequently come from 
 the child's getting chilled. 
 
 SORE MOUTH. 
 Is Sore Mouth, Stomatitis, Thnlsh or Canker Common in Children and What 
 are the Causes? 
 
 This is very common, especially in hand fed babies. It may be due to 
 dirty nipples, but is usually due to improper feeding and too much food, 
 causing indigestion. 
 How Soon Does Sore Mouth Appear? 
 
 Any time after the first week. 
 What are the Symptoms of Sore Mouth? 
 
 Nursing is painful ; the child will drop the nipple and cry; drools and has 
 foul breath. The mouth is red and on examination yOu will find one or more 
 sores inside of the lips or Cheeks and on the tongue or under it. These may 
 be like a pin head or as large as a pea and are usually white at first and ash 
 gray later. There may be from one to fifty of them and they may form ulcers 
 with red edges, sometimes covering the entire inside of the mouth. 
 What is the Treatment for Sore Mouth? 
 
 Treatment. — Reduce the food afld drink, and have regular tim«s for giv- 
 ing them. For foul mouth use stomach powders. — 
 
 Calomel : . . . i 1 grain. 
 
 Baking soda w 10 grains. 
 
 Mix, and divide into 10 powders and give one every one to two hours 
 until the bowels move and carry off the fermented food. The stools must 
 return to the healthy, yellow, inodorous, mustard consistency before the 
 baby is well. 
 Local Treatment. — Sore Mouth Powder.— 
 
 Powdered borax 1 dfam (teispoonful). 
 
 Powdered sugar 4 drams (4 teaspoonfuis). 
 
 Mix; put a pinch 6n the tongue every two to three hours. This Can be 
 used without hurting and is very good. 
 
 This is very gobd. — Wash gently after every feeding with a solution 
 of borax and water ; 1 part borax to 4 parts of water. 
 
 Borax 1 part, sage tea 3 parts, honey 3 parts. Make a salve and apply 
 gently. 
 
 Or, Golden Seal (fluid extract of hydrastis) 1 part to 5 parts of water. 
 Apply locally with absorbent cotton wrapped upon a wooden toothpick. This 
 swab may be used for all solutions. Also, you may use juice of ripe tomatoes. 
 Homeopathic Remedy. — For Sore Mouth. — 
 
 It IS generally Mercurius Sol., 3rd trituration — one tablet every 1 to 3 
 hoUfs, as needed. This is very gfood. 
 
 DIARRHEA. 
 
 In moderate cases in a baby the milk should be reduced and in hand fed, 
 especially, the amount of cream. Feed less and not so often. In severe at- 
 tacks with vomiting and frequent foul stools, stop all food at least 18 hours 
 
426 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 and all milk for a longer time and move the bowels freely with a cathartic, say 
 castor oil. Broth (thin) and barley water may be given. Rest is very essen- 
 tial; cooling drinks may be given. The following is good. 
 
 Subnitrate of bismuth 2 drams. 
 
 Chalk mixture 2 fluid ounces. 
 
 Paregoric 2 fluid ounces. 
 
 Mix and give one-half to one teaspoonful every two to four hours as 
 needed for loose bowels in a child six months to two years old ; give after 
 the bowelsi have first been cleared with castor oil or bne of the other prescrip- 
 tions given. You may vise injections (enemas). 
 Homeopathic Treatment for Diarrhea. — 
 
 Chamomilla, '3nd dilution; Nux Vomica, 3rd trituration; Arsenicum, 3rd 
 attenuation; Mercurius Sol. Homeopathic remedies, if given in tablet form, 
 should be given every 1 to 2 to 3 hours and generally one tablet. If given in 
 liquid form, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls usually every 1 to 2 to 3 hours. If you use 
 the 2nd or 3rd dilution put 10 to 20 drops in % glass of water and give as 
 directed. 
 How Many Stools a Day Should a Baby Have During the First Month? 
 
 Two to three a day for the first week and then one to two a day. 
 How Many Stools a Day Should a Baby Have After the First Month? 
 
 One to two or more, but more depends upon the character of the stools 
 than on the number. They should be light yellow and inodorous (without 
 special odor). Meat juices cause dark brown stools. 
 Does Diarrhea in Children Always Indicate Disease? 
 
 It is only a symptom. Green, slimy, foul, watery stools are always dan- 
 gerous and need attention. Diarrhea may be a safety valve in the beginning, 
 but if it continues it may cause serious trouble and needs attention lest serious 
 loss of strength occur. 
 
 CHOLERA INFANTUM. 
 What are the Symptoms of Cholera Infantum? 
 
 The onset is sometimes sudden and without any premonitory symptoms 
 but this is exceptional for there is generally a premonitory diarrhea which 
 is so rnild it attracts no attention. When, however, a weak baby has a per- 
 sistent, foul smelling diarrhea, accompanied by marked loss of flesh and a 
 dull mind, it should cause anxiety. If the features become suddenly pinched 
 and the skin about, the neck, face and hands becomes wrinkled, the case is 
 alarming. Sometimes it starts suddenly with thirst, vomiting and loose 
 bowels and the child is very, ill from the start, with increasing thirst, vomit- 
 ing, diarrhea and restlessness. The two main symptoms are vomiting and 
 purging. Vomiting is often persistent and is first food, then some mucus and 
 bile. The thirst is terrible but water, etc., when taken, are instantly thrown 
 up in severe cases. Stools are frequent, watery and large, often painless and 
 involuntary, sometimes looking like dirty water, sometimes without smell, 
 while again the odor is terrible. Prostration is rapid, the fontanelles (soft 
 places in the head) are depressed, the face is pale and pinched and the eyes 
 are sunken. 
 When is Cholera Infantum Most Prevalent? 
 
 During heated time, in hot muggy weather. It occurs often in babies 
 under 18 months old but more frequently in those under one year of age. 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 427 
 
 Are Bottle Fed Babies More Likely to Have Cholera Infantum? 
 
 Yes. '/ 
 What is the Treatment for Cholera Infantum? 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Veratrum Alb., 3rd trituration, 1 tablet every 
 hour, dry on the tongue for cases with much pain, violent thirst, great weak- 
 ness, cramps in extremities, cold hands, feet and forehead. 
 
 Arsenic Alb., 3rd trituration. The same dose for the following symptoms, 
 etc., — watery burning stools, unquenchable burning thirst, great weakness 
 and exhaustion, emaciation, thirst with great restlessness and vomiting. It 
 will frequently control vomiting. 
 Allopathic Treatment for Cholera Infantum. — 
 
 For strong stools. — 
 
 Bismuth sub^allate 1 dram. 
 
 Common soda % dram. 
 
 Mix, divide into 30 powders and give one every 1 to 3 hours. Lessen the 
 food. 
 
 For frequent, loose, slimy stools with pain. — 
 
 Bismuth subgallate 1 dram. 
 
 Common soda V2 dram. 
 
 Dover's powder 10 grains. 
 
 Mix, and divide into 30 powders and give one every two hours as needed, 
 for a child 9 to 13 months old. 
 Allopathic Treatment. — (Hare.) 
 
 Give 1/50 grain of podophyllin, dissolved in a few drops of brandy and 
 mixed with a little water, every hour until three or four doses have been used ; 
 or, instead, use 1/500 grain of bichloride of mercury. This may be given and I 
 think is better than the former. If there is much vomiting, drop medicine into 
 mouth with a medicine dropper, a few drops at a time. When symptoms 
 of collapse occur, surround the child with hot water bottles. Apply over 
 abdomen (belly) the following spice poultice. 
 
 One tablespoonful each of allspice, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon. 
 Moisten it with warm brandy or vinegar and renew as frequently as it be- 
 comes hard or dry. This is a very good remedy. 
 What Food and Care Must be Given a Baby with Cholera Infantum? 
 
 Discontinue milk. Give raw meat juice, a few drops at a time to a baby ; 
 if much pro.strated a drop or two of brandy may be added. If nursing excites 
 vomiting, stop for a time. To satisfy thirst, wrap a small piece of ice in 
 a linen rag and let the baby suck this. Albumin water, given cold. 
 
 To prepare albumin water, take the white of 1 egg in V^ glass of water 
 and stir slowly for five minutes ; don't make it frothy ; strain through a cheese 
 clpth, sweeten and flavor if necessary and feed four teaspoonfuls every 14 
 hour. Enemas, if carefully given- 
 
 CONSTIPATION. 
 
 What Shall I Do for a Constipated Baby? 
 
 If the mother is constipated, regulate her diet so as to produce regular 
 stools. If necessary, she must use enemas for she must have one good 
 passage daily or the baby will be affected. 
 How Should Constipation be Treated in Bottle Fed Infants? 
 
 Should skimmed milk (the proteids) produce it, as shown by curds or a 
 
428 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 very gassy condition, it calls for more cream, sometimes more milk sugar or or- 
 dinary brown sugar in half the quantity, or some of the prepared foocfi. In in- 
 fants over 9 months old orange juice may be tried. Sugar produces soft stools 
 and if used too much the baby will have sore bowels and buttocks. Too 
 much cream produces vomiting, Juices should be given y^ hour or more he- 
 fore morning feeding. In older children reduce amount of white bread, toast 
 and potatoes. Give graham bread, green vegetables, oatmeal and fruit. Raw 
 scraped apples are very good. 
 
 Is Castoria a Good Remedy for Constipation? ; 
 
 It may be in some cases. 
 
 What Temporary Treatment May be Tried for Constipation? 
 
 Enemas of warm water, using from one tablespoonful upward according 
 to age. Enemas of warm soapsuds, using same amount. Enemas of warm 
 water and glycerine, one part of glycerine to three parts of water. Glycerine 
 is irritating — look out for this. 
 
 These injections may be given with the soft rubber ear syringe in very 
 young babies and with the soft rubber and hard nozzle syringe in older ones, 
 or a hard rubber syringe with a smooth nozzle which has a capacity of six 
 ounces. 
 
 Where injections are not convenient, a soap stick suppository may be 
 used or a glycerine svippository when soap one does not act satisfactorily. 
 
 In obstinate cases not relieved by above means, use y^ to 1 teaspoonful of 
 sulphate of magnesia dissolved in 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls of warm water and 
 inject into bowel and retain for an hour or two to soften stool. Press upon 
 the anus at first so as to retain the liquid. 
 
 In some cases, as an enema, 1 to 4 ounces of warm sweet oil. A large 
 piston syringe with large nozzle must be used. 
 
 The best suppositor)' for continual use is the gluten suppository of the 
 Health Food Company. Give them the first thing in the morning-. They act 
 slowly, usually taking about two hours. In obstinate cases one may be used 
 at bedtime also. Great care should always be taken not to injure the baby. 
 Cover well all objects entering the bowels with oil or vaseline. 
 
 Where none of these means succeed, the mother is driven to use some laxa- 
 tive such as castor oil, aromatic cascara, syrup of rhubarb, syrup of senna, 
 fete,, doses of which are always given on the bottle. The followmg is very 
 good : — 
 
 Bicarbotiate of soda 40 grains. 
 
 AfQinatic syrup of rhubarb 4 fluid drams. 
 
 Syrup of senna 5 fluid drams. 
 
 Syrwp of orange , 1 fluid dram. 
 
 Give one teaspoonful two or three times daily, as needpd. Give medicines 
 in the morning and only enough to cause one stool. A teaspoonful of olive 
 oil or a teaspoonful of black molasses is also good, 
 
 COLDS. 
 What is the Treatment for Cold in the Head? 
 
 Local Treatment.— Clean nostrils carefully with warm water as often 
 as they are obstructed and grease the nose, lips and throat twice daily 
 with one of these :— Kiamphorated oil, sweet oil, olive oil, white vaseline, lard or 
 gfoose grease. Put a v^ry little into the OQstril with a Qamel's-hair pencil, or soft 
 
ALL ABOUt THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 429 
 
 cloth th a small fingef. Infants at breast, whb cannot nurse, can be fed with 
 a spoon for d time. 
 Allopathic Treatment. — 
 
 Where there is much fever and distress, give the following remedy. 
 Put five drops of tincture of aconite into % Cup of water and give one tea- 
 spoonful every thirty minutes until the child perspires, then stop. This dose 
 is for a child one year old ; a smaller dose for one younger, say ya teaspoonful. 
 This can be given with the following : 
 
 BiHiodide of ttiercufy 1 grain. 
 
 Milk sugar ; , >,.. 100 gf aifts. 
 
 You can *et this medicine in tablet form, 1/100 of a grain to the tablet. 
 Mix thoroughly and give a small pinch of the powder evefy two to thfee hours 
 to a baby one year old. If there is no fever you need not give the first liquid 
 as this alone is all that is necessary. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment.""Aconite, 3rd dilution. Put 15 drops into a 
 glass % full of water and give two teaspoonfuls every one to three hours. 
 
 Arsenicum Alb., 3rd trituration — when S3^mptomS are : — nose Stopped Up, 
 difficult to breathe, sneezing, burning, watery discharge. Give one tablet the 
 same as Aconite. 
 
 Nux Vomica is given in the same way for the same Symptoms as Arseni- 
 cum, with these additional— constipation, indigestion or much gas in the 
 bowels. Then it should be given instead of Arsenicum. 
 
 SORE THROAT. 
 What are the First Symptoms of Sore Throat in Infants? 
 
 Pain in swallowing, cries whenever it takes the breast or bottle and makes 
 a forcible attempt to SWallOw. Generally there is fever and the child looks 
 and acts sick. 
 What are the Remedies for Sore Throat? 
 
 In young infants rub the throat externally with camphorated oil. 
 Homeopathic Treatment.— 
 
 Aconite. — 3rd dilution. Put 15 drops into a glass % full of water and give 
 two teaspoonfuls every one to three hours. This is good in the beginning. 
 When sweating appears, give Belladonna instead, the same way and prepared 
 the same. 
 
 Mercur. BiniOdide, 3rd trituration. — 1 tablet every two to four hours when 
 there is muCh saliva in the mouth. This follows well after Belladonna. Apply 
 cold compress on neck and give warm or cold drinks internally. 
 Another treatment is : 
 
 Biniodide of mercufy 1 grain. 
 
 Milk sugar 100 grains. 
 
 (As above for cold in head.) 
 
 Mix thoroughly and give one dose, to a baby one year old, every. two to 
 three hoUrs. If much fevef give the following: 
 
 Tincture of aconite, 5 drops, in % cup of water and give from % tea« 
 spoonful to a teaspoonful every two hours to a baby from six months to a 
 year old. This may be given alternately with the above powder. 
 
 If the bowels are constipated they should be opened with enemas or 
 
430 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 some laxative before mentioned, such as castor oil, etc. The following: is 
 very good ; 
 
 Calomel 1 grain. 
 
 Milk sugar 10 grains. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, and make 10 powders. Give one powder every hour until 
 bowels move. 
 How can You Examine a Child's Throat? 
 
 Place the child on your lap or table, half reclining, hold its hands and 
 head. Take a smooth handled spoon, insert gently between teeth; child will 
 then cry and open mouth; push spoon to back of tongue and press down 
 gently. Look for the tonsils (two lumps on the side) and look in back of 
 throat. If the tonsils are swollen and very red the child may have tonsilitis. 
 If they have white spots on them the child may have diphtheria. 
 
 SPASMODIC CROUP. 
 When Does Spasmodic Croup Usually Come On? 
 
 Usually at night. 
 Is Simple Croup Dangerous? 
 
 The ordinary croup of infants is spasmodic croup and is very rarely dan- 
 gerous, although the symptoms are very alarming. 
 What are the Prominent Symptoms of Croup? 
 
 In a mild attack there is simply a noisy breathing, especially on draw- 
 ing the breath, with a tight, barking, croupy cough. In severe attacks the 
 child's breathing is more noisy and becomes difficult. There is a hollow, dry, 
 barking cough. 
 
 Treatment for Croup. — Warm atmosphere ; apply cold cloths externally 
 to the front of the throat until feverish symptoms subside. You may also 
 use hot cloths or poultices on the throat. You should have steam from a 
 croup kettle or common tea kettle. This is made more effective if the child 
 is put into a tent made by a raised umbrella or four connected posts with 
 a sheet or thick covering thrown over them and the steam introduced beneath 
 this tent. This is very good. A little lime in the kettle would aid much. 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — 
 
 If there is fever, alternate Aconite, 3rd dilution, with either Hepar Sul- 
 phur, 3rd trituration or Spongia, 3rd trituration ; give one tablet every fifteen 
 minutes, dissolved in water. Hepar is better when the cough is a little loose 
 and child is light haired. Spongia, when cough is very hoarse- tight and 
 barking. You do not need aconite unless there is fever. 
 Allopathic Treatment. — 
 
 Syrup of Ipecac. If symptoms are severe, give 10 drops every fifteen 
 minutes until child vomits. To allay cough afterward, use — 
 
 Syrup of Dover's powder 1 fluid dram (% teaspoonful). 
 
 Enough simple syrup to make 2 ounces (16 teaspoonfuls). 
 
 Mix, and give % teaspoonful every two hours for a one-year-old child. 
 Or, fluid extract ipecac, % to 1 drop every 15 to 30 minutes, until vomiting 
 occurs. Or, give % to 1 teaspoonful (according to age) of powdered alum 
 misled with honey, syrup, goose grease, or water. It produces vomiting and 
 sweating and loosens the cough. 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 431 
 
 Another Croup Remedy is — 
 
 Syrup of ipecac 3 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Hive syrup 4 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Water 1% ounces. 
 
 Dose — % teaspoonful every % hour until the child vomits and then repeat 
 every two to three hours, if needed. 
 
 You may also put 1 teaspoonful of turpentine in the tea kettle and steam 
 the child as above described for lime water. 
 
 Give enough onion syrup to make the child vomit. Onions fried half 
 done in lard and applied to throat are also excellent. 
 
 MEMBRANOUS CROUP. 
 How Does Membranous Croup or Laryngeal Diphtheria Develop? 
 
 Verv gradually. 
 What Should Be Done? 
 
 The room should be very warn# Hot cloths or poultices should be ap- 
 plied over the throat and either a croup kettle or tea kettle kept boiling in 
 the room. To make this more effective, raise an open umbrella over the 
 child or put it in a crib with a sheet raised on posts over it and introduce 
 the steam beneath this tent. If the symptoms are urgent, 10 drops of syrup 
 of ipecac should be given every 15 minutes until vomiting occurs freely. 
 What are the Symptoms? 
 
 The cough has a dry, brassy, croupy sound; it comes on slowly for 
 days, becoming gradually worse. (Other croup is sudden and usually at 
 night.) Breathing is difficult, becomes gradually harder and noisier. Day 
 by day all symptoms increase and finally the child chokes unless relieved. 
 What is the Treatment? 
 
 Generally considered identical with diphtheria and so general treatment 
 is the same. Antitoxin, intubation, tracheotomy; used early. 
 
 BIRTHMARKS AND MOLES. 
 Should Birthmarks Be Removed? 
 
 These grow rapidly the first two years — called "Nevi." Should always be 
 removed by a surgeon when infant is small. 
 What Can be Done for Moles? 
 
 Should be removed by a skilled physician or let entirely alone. 
 
 PRICKLY HEAT. 
 What is Prickly Heat? 
 
 This is a fine red rash appearing over any or all parts of the body. It 
 appears, too, in adults and generally in very hot weather and is due to too 
 much heat and perspiration and shows mostly upon the neck and upper part 
 of the body. There is a light itching and tingling feeling. Resembles scarlet 
 fever but there is no fever or sore throat and careful examination shows the 
 rash thickest under the parts of the clothing where perspiration is profuse. 
 What is the Treatment for Prickly Heat? 
 
 Cooler clothing is always needed. 
 
 Citrate of Magnesia. — ^You may give a large dose if medicine is necessary, 
 say one-half to one teaspoonful for a child one to two years old. Give fre- 
 quent cool baths and anoint afterward with olive oil. For the itching, bathe 
 parts with saleratus water, 1 teaspoonful to a pint of water; or, parts may 
 
433 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 be dusted with starch powder. Cocoa butter is excellent. Rub the affected 
 parts well with it. 
 
 ECZEMA. 
 Is Tbis Very CotniUQn? 
 
 Most' common of all skin diseases and also the ruost obstinate!. 
 At What Age Does Eczema Occur? 
 
 It occurs at any age. Some of the WQrst cases are in infants one to sjjt 
 months old. 
 Where Does Eczema Occur? 
 
 Most frequently on the head, face, hands, crotch, groins and the joint 
 folds. 
 What are the Marked Characteristics of Eczema? , 
 
 Obstinacy in healing, tendency to return, moisture or wfepiug^ from the 
 diseased surface. 
 What are the SymptQips of Ecjsema? 
 
 Skin is bright and in patches and is covered with minute vesicles 
 (pimples) the size of a pin head. These soon rupture and discharge a sticky 
 watery fluid which forms a crust of variable thickness with moist raw flesh 
 underneath. 
 
 In other cases the skin is dry, red, thickened and somewhat scaly. In 
 this form (salt rheum) the skin cracks readily and often bleeds. It may crack 
 in other forms also. 
 What are the Causes of Eczema? 
 
 Sometimes hereditary. Frequently due to improper food. General weak- 
 ness, bad hygiene, teething and any local irritations are also causes. 
 How About the Itching of Elczema? 
 
 This is almost unbearable and it is difRcult to keep the child from scratch- 
 ing. Often prevents sleep. It is sometimes necessary to cover the hands 
 and fasten them down to the side when sleeping. Take a piece of cotton two 
 to three inches wide, pass under the back and fasten it to each wrist. Make 
 it long enough to allow a little motion, but not sufficient to reach the neck 
 or face. 
 What is the Treatment for Eczema? 
 
 In young infants all cleaning must be done with olive oil or disinfecting 
 starch water. The irritated surfaces must be kept dry and excluded from the 
 air by light cool dressings as heat always increases the itching. Under these 
 dressings an ointment must be kept constantly applied and this ointment 
 should be covered with paraffine paper. 
 
 2inc Ointment. — 
 
 Oxide of zinc ,.,,,, 8 dranjs. 
 
 Lanolin — , 5 drams. 
 
 Aiholene , X drain. 
 
 Salieylic acid 10 grains. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, and apply regularly as directed above. This is very good. 
 
 Beeswax Ointment. — 
 
 Benzoated lard , Q ounces. 
 
 Yellow beeswax 1 ounce. 
 
 Salicylic acid 20 grains. 
 
 Melt the wax in a tin cup and then add the lard. When aU is melted 
 remove from the fire and stir until cool, then add the salicylic acjd and stir 
 until cold. 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 433 
 
 Thi? makes an excellent varnish for the face and hands -vyhen cha,fed as 
 it is not readily noticed and is also very good for wet qr raw surfaces on in- 
 fants or adults, as it does not dry on. It js excellent for burns or scalds and 
 will cure mild eczema. Where the surfaces ^f^' moist and keep wetting the 
 dressing, a powder should be dusted oi\ until this moisture stops, then the 
 zinc ointment applied. 
 
 Perspiring Powder. — 
 
 Tannin ^ ounce. 
 
 OjEide of zinc Va ounce. 
 
 Rub into flue powder and use as above directed. "VVhere pruats form, 
 us^ sweet oil liberally on the crusts and it will soon soften and remove them. 
 Mothers must remember that eczema will always continue, if not completely 
 excluded from air and moisture, also that no soap or water can be used. Use 
 oil, as above directed. Any of the ointments given above are very good. It 
 is well to have enough, for ezcema is very slow to cure. 
 
 In general eczema, recourse must be had to the mask to give protection 
 frorrj the intense itching and scratching. Disinfect the skin with horic acid 
 solution; boric acid % ounce to boiled water 1 pint, and apply the zinc oint- 
 ment (above) freely and cover with pieces of gauze, leaving openings for eyes, 
 nose and mouth. Apply to all diseased surfaces and hold fast with thin cool 
 bandages applied for days without removal. When removed, all unhealed 
 parts can again he covered until cure ia effected. 
 
 Allopathic Medicines. — Keep bowels open with epsom salts, 2 oz. and 
 cream of tartar, 2 ounces. Mix and give one-half to one teaspoonful everj'- 
 two to four hours to child one year old, vntil bowels move. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment. — Arsenicum, 3x; Graphites, 6ix; Sulphur, 6x; 
 Rhus Tox., 3x. 
 When is Kczema Most Likely to Return? 
 
 In the fall. 
 
 MILK CRUST. 
 What is Milk Crust and What Can Be Done For It? 
 
 Due generally to neglect in removing the free sebaceous or oil secretion 
 on the scalp, which, when allowed to remain, forms this crust. Keep thor- 
 oughly clean and if it occurs use treatment described for eczema, both local 
 and general. 
 
 CHAFING. 
 
 What are the Causes of Chafing? 
 
 1. Want of cleanliness in changing and using diapers, 
 
 2. Acrid diarrhea. 
 
 What is the Treatment for Chafing? 
 
 1, Not too much or too strong soap. 
 
 2. Careful rinsing of the body. 
 
 3. Not too vigorous rubbing, 
 
 4, Free use of a dusting powder in all folds of the skin — starch powder 
 or oatnjeal powder, If necessary use the following : 
 
 Bpracic acid ..,.., l dram (i teaspopnfiil), 
 
 Glycerine 1 dram (l teaspoonful). 
 
 Balsam Peru , 1 dram (1 teaspQonful). 
 
 Vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and make an ointment and apply. 
 28 
 
434 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 The beeswax and lard ointment given for eczema is also good. 
 
 Too much attention cannot be given to the diapers. They should be 
 changed as soon as the child passes urine (water) or has a passage from the 
 bowels. Diapers should be boiled in water to which soda has been added 
 and before being again used should be aired and dried thoroughly by slow 
 heat. Such care in addition to rules before mentioned will do away with 
 chafing. 
 
 Another ointment for chafing and one which will not stain is : 
 
 Boracic acid 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 Glycerine 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 White vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and make ointment and apply to sore parts. The chafed parts may 
 be cleaned with sweet oil and a little absorbent cotton, and the skin kept cov- 
 ered with a dusting powder composed of powdered starch, 2 parts and boric 
 acid, 1 part. You may use this instead of starch or oatmeal. It is more heal- 
 ing for severe chafing. 
 
 But absolute cleanliness in taking care of discharges from the bowels and 
 in changing diapers as soon as soiled by the urine (water) is necessary. 
 
 HIVES— NETTLE RASH— URTICARIA. 
 What Can be Done for Hives? 
 
 Be careful of the diet and give castor oil or salts. Not frequent in infants. 
 
 STOMACH RASH -TOOTH RASH. 
 
 What is the Treatment for Stomach Rash or Tooth Rash? 
 
 Baking soda 40 grains. 
 
 Aromatic syrup of rhubarb 4 fluid drams. 
 
 Syrup of senna 5 fluid drams. 
 
 Syrup of orange 1 fluid dram. 
 
 Mix, and give one teaspoonful two or three times a day to move the 
 
 bowels. 
 
 CONVULSIONS. 
 What is the First Thing to be Done in Case of Convulsions? 
 
 Keep the child perfectly quiet with ice on the head, or cold water cloths if 
 ice is not handy. Put the feet into a hot mustard bath and roll the entire body 
 in large towels which have been dipped in mustard water, two heaping table- 
 spoonfuls of mustard to one quart of warm water. Have plenty of hot water 
 and a bath tub at hand in case a hot bath is necessary. If the child has some- 
 thing in its stomach that is injuring it, produce vomiting by tickling inside 
 of throat. Be careful for it may bite your fingers. Put the handle of a tooth- 
 brush, fork or knife in its mouth. Keep it. there during the spasm, then it 
 cannot bite your finger or its own tongue. If there is anything in the bowels, 
 give an injection (large one). 
 When is a Hot Bath Useful for Convulsions ? 
 
 If the convulsions have continued until the pulse is weak, the face very 
 pale, the nails and lips blue, and the feet and hands cold, then the hot bath will 
 be useful to bring the blood to the surface and relieve the heart, lungs and 
 brain. 
 How is the Bath Given for Convulsions? 
 
 Water should not be over 106° (Fahrenheit). Apply test with a ther" 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 435 
 
 mometer if possible, otherwise you may burn or scald infants. If no ther- 
 mometer is handy, plunge your naked arm into the water up to the elbow. It 
 should feel warm but not uncomfortable. One-half teacupful of powdered 
 mustard added to the bath is a good aid. 
 When is Another Convulsion Likely to Occur? 
 
 When a phild does not become soft and natural after the convulsion, 
 but remains stiff with the thumbs drawn into the palm and does not recog- 
 nize the voice of its mother or attendant it will, usually, have the convulsion 
 repeated indefinitely for hours. 
 
 Internal Medicine to Prevent Convulsions.^ — 
 
 Bromide of potash « % dram. 
 
 Chloral hydrate 15 grains. 
 
 Simple syrup 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and shake bottle, then give one teaspoonful every hour, while the 
 child is nervous or feverish, to prevent convulsions. This dose is for a one- 
 year-old child. 
 
 Injection for Convulsions. — 
 
 Bromide of potash 5 grains. 
 
 Bromide of soda 5 grains. 
 
 Chloral hydrate 5 grains. 
 
 Water 2 fluid ounces. 
 
 Mix, and inject one tablespoonful into the bowel and repeat in two hours 
 if needed. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA. 
 How Does Diphtheria Begin? 
 
 Sometimes suddenly but usually very gradually with sore throat and 
 often swelling of the glands around the throat and under the jaw ; with white 
 patches upon the tonsils or soft palate or a very free discharge from the nose, 
 which may be bloody. A very bad smell comes from the mouth. The largest 
 number of cases occur from the second to the sixth year. (See General Dis- 
 eases for description and treatment.) 
 
 MEASLES. 
 
 What are the First Symptoms of Measles? 
 
 Measles comes on rather gradually, from nine to fourteen to twenty days 
 after exposure, with a cough, sneezing, watery eyes and nose, much like an 
 ordinary cold. The eruption spreads slowly over the body. (See General 
 Diseases.) 
 Is Measles a Serious Disease? 
 
 In infants and during the winter season it is likely to be very serious, 
 because pneumonia (lung fever) and bronchitis may accompany it. 
 When and How are Measles Contagious? 
 
 In the early stage from the beginning of the catarrhal (cold) symptoms, 
 two or three days before any eruption is present; less contagious after the 
 eruption fades. It is not often carried by healthy persons and the infection 
 does not cling long to a sick room. 
 What is the Treatment? 
 
 (See General Diseases.) 
 
4«e THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 SCARLET FEVER. 
 What are the I^itst Symptoms of Scarlet Pevet? 
 
 Generally it comfes on suddenly, in from three to five days attfer exjjd-* 
 sure, rarely later than a week, with vomiting, high lever, afld sore throat 
 (red, sore throat). The eruption usually appears within 24 hoUrs as a red 
 blush or pimply eruption first upon the chest arid neck atid spreads over 
 the Whole body. 
 When is Scarlet Pever CatitagibUs? 
 
 Slightly contagious only during the first oiie Or two days of the attatk. 
 Most contagious during the height of the attack arid during Scdlitig'. It is 
 often carried to others by healthy persons in clothing of bedding atld by dogs 
 and cats. Itis pOison clings to the sick room, furniture, etc. for years, unless 
 thorough, genuine disinfection is carried out. 
 What is the TreatMieht? 
 
 (See General Diseases for Treatment.) 
 
 CHICKEN-POX. 
 What are the First Symptoms? 
 
 Usually appears gradually from fourteen to sixteen days after exposure 
 as widely ^feattered pimples over the scalp, fac^e and body, many forming 
 vesicles (pimples with watery yellow fluid in them). Don't scratch them or 
 scars will result. The child is usually not very ill. Measles and ehicken-pox 
 are very contagious. 
 
 (For Treatment see Contagious and Infectious Diseases.) 
 
 WHOOPING COUGH. 
 How Does Whooping Cough Begin and What are the SyHiptotft&? 
 
 Whooping cough seems like a cold on the chest for a week or tert days. 
 Cough becomes gradualy harder and harder and lasts longer; gets to be 
 Sjpasmodic; the child gets very red in the face and sometimes vomits food. 
 After a severe coughing fit it catches its breath with a peculiar noise known as 
 the whoop. It comes on in from one to two weeks aftef exposure and lasts 
 six weeks or longer. Whooping cough can be contracted in the open air. 
 What is the Treatment? 
 
 (See General Diseases for further description.) 
 
 GERMAN MEASLES. 
 What are the Ss^tiiptoffls of German Measles? 
 
 This is a distinct disease. It comes oU something like a cold, usually 
 some sneezing. It is not generally serious ; usually a very extensive eruption 
 which may cover the body. There are but few general symptoms. (See 
 General Diseases for Treatment.) 
 
 RHEUMATISM. 
 
 What are Growing Paitis? 
 
 Really rheumatism. 
 Do Babies Often Have Rheumatism and What Can be Done For It? 
 
 No; if an infant cries whenever it is handled Or moved it is reasonably 
 certain that it has rheumatism or rickets. Rheumatism comes oft suddenly 
 with fever. (For further description see -General Diseases.) 
 
ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 437 
 
 RICKETS. 
 
 What are the Causes of Rickets? 
 
 Generally insufficient and badly chosen food. Nursing babies are. sel- 
 dom troubled unless the mother is herself ill or continues nursing too long, 
 that is, into the second year. They may look plump and fat but they are weak 
 and do not walk early. The teeth are more or less delayed and decay early. 
 
 What are the Symptoms of Rickets? 
 
 It is always suspicious if the child has no teeth at the end of the first 
 year. It is very suspicious if the anterior fontanelle (soft spot on front of 
 head) is as open as it was some months previously. It should be closed in 
 a well nourished infant by the 15th to 20th month. If, in addition to these 
 symptoms, it has sweating about the head whenever it sleeps, if it crie§ when- 
 ever it is handled and dislikes play and sports which other children of like 
 age delight in, it is pretty conclusive evidence that the child has rickets. 
 There is generally an enlargement of the wrists and ankles and the head be- 
 comes square or box-shaped. 
 
 At What Age is Rickets Most Common? 
 
 Between six months and two and a half years. 
 
 What is the Treatment? 
 
 The child should have plenty of fresh air and sunshine. Look carefully 
 after the urine (water) as soon as it becomes smoky, has a strong odor, is 
 irritating to the skin and stains the clothes. It is due to unsuitable food. 
 Reduce the amount, or change the food. Look carefully to the stools and take 
 alarm as soon as they become foul, bad colored, pasty or of variable con- 
 sistency. Select the proper food. This is essential. When a child shows 
 any signs of rickets some iron tonic should be given with a perfect diet. 
 The following is good : 
 
 Allopathic Treatment for Rickets. — Buy an ounce of syrup of iodide of 
 iron or gyrup of iron phosphate and give three to ten drops three times a day 
 for a one-year-old child. Continue this for one to tfiree months or longer. 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment for Rickets.^-Calcarea Phos., 3rd trituration — 
 one tablet three to four times daily for months. The idea is to get proper 
 food. They generally recover but are sometimes left deformed if treatment is 
 not commenced soon enough. 
 
USES OF SOME SIMPLE HOME REMEDIES. 
 
 USES OF SALT. 
 
 1. Neuralgia, Toothache, Earache, Etc. — A hag of warm salt applied 
 to the affected parts is very soothing in affections of this kind. 
 
 2. Hemorrhage, or Bleeding from Stomach or Lungs. — In case of 
 bleeding from either lungs or stomach eat two teaspoonfuls of dry salt or 
 drink strong salt water. Many physicians use this treatment and it has 
 saved many lives when a doctor was not at hand. 
 
 3. Croup. — Give a teaspoonful of salt mixed with a teaspoonful of honey 
 or molasses if the baby has croup. It is a safe and reliable remedy. 
 
 4. Diarrhea and Dysentery. — Salt dissolved in vinegar and warm water 
 often checks diarrhea and dysentery. 
 
 5. Cholera Morbus. — For cholera morbus use salt the same as for 
 diarrhea and dysentery above, except that a teaspoonful of strong pepper 
 should be added. 
 
 6. Dyspepsia and Stomach Troubles. — Salt water often proves an ef- 
 fective remedy for stomach troubles. Take half a teaspoonful in cold water 
 before breakfast. 
 
 7. Colic. — A teaspoonful of salt dissolved in half a cup of cold water is 
 a speedy remedy for colic. 
 
 8. Tonic, Purgative, Internal Antiseptic and External Stimulant. — Salt 
 possesses all these properties. 
 
 9. For Bath. — Salt added to the bath is a cleanser and it also beautifies 
 and strengthens. 
 
 10. Tooth Wash. — Salt will remove tartar from the teeth. Mixed with 
 equal parts of soda it makes a good tooth powder. 
 
 11. Mouth Wash. — A strong solution of salt and water is excellent for 
 hardening sensitive gums. 
 
 13. Sprains and Swellings. — Sprains may be relieved and swellings re- 
 duced by bathing freely with salt water. 
 
 13. Antidote. — Taken moderately, salt is an antidote for alcoholic poi- 
 soning. 
 
 14. Hair Tonic. — Salt water is an excellent hair tonic. 
 
 15. Worms. — Injections of salt water are excellent for removing pin or 
 seat worms. 
 
 16. Catarrh. — Salt water snuffed up the nose several times daily is a 
 simple remedy but one of the best for catarrh. 
 
 17. Eye Wash. — Sore and inflamed eyes may be cured and strengthened 
 by frequently bathing them with salt water. Try it. 
 
 18. Ague. — In some cases salt has been used successfully in the treat- 
 ment of ague. It is used in half-ounce doses. 
 
 ' 19. Hives. — Add an ounce of salt to each 15 gallons of water used in 
 the bath and you will obtain relief from the itching of hives. 
 
 20. Heartburn. — Frequently allow a few grains of salt to dissolve in the 
 mouth and you will obtain relief from heartburn. 
 
 438 
 
USES OF SIMPLE HOME REMEDIES. 439 
 
 ■* 
 
 21. Sore Throat. —Frequently gargle with salt water. Often nothing 
 else is needed. 
 
 USES OF LEMONS. 
 
 Each lemon yields from 2 to 8 drams of an acidulous juice containing 
 from 7 to 8 per cent, citric acid besides phosphoric and malic acids in com- 
 bination partly with potash and other bases. Should one be surprised then 
 that the lemon is valuable in the treatment of so many diseases. A solu- 
 tion of citric acid in water (34 grains to an ounce) corresponds in acidity to 
 fresh lemon juice but is not so good for medical purposes on account of the 
 absence of the other constituents. 
 
 1. Sore Throat and Diphtheria. — Lemon juice is an excellent gargle for 
 sore throat and is also effective in the first stages of diphtheria. If desired, 
 a little sulphur may be mixed with it. 
 
 2. Corns. — A piece of lemon bound on the corn is an old and well-tried 
 remedy. 
 
 3. For Removing Tan and Freckles. — Lemon juice is very effective in 
 the removal of tan from the face and hands. Also good for freckles. 
 
 4. Colds. — Hot lemonade is a reliable remedy for colds when sweating 
 is necessary. 
 
 5. Coughs and Hoarseness. — Lemon juice with sugar and flaxseed tea 
 is excellent for coughs and hoarseness ; or, the lemon juice may be used alone. 
 
 6. Scurvy. — Nothing is better as a preventive or cure of scurvy than 
 lemon juice. 
 
 7. Fevers. — Lemonade is a refreshing and useful drink for fever patients. 
 
 8. Rheumatism and Gout. — Give one or two ounces of lemon juice in 
 water three or four times a day. 
 
 9. Jaundice. — Give a tablespoonful of lemon juice four or five 'times a 
 day. 
 
 10. Biliousness. — Three or four times a day give one or two ounces of 
 lemon juice in either cold or hot water. 
 
 11. Hemorrhage. — Taken internally lemon juice tends to stop bleeding 
 from the stomach. 
 
 13. Vomiting. — Lemon juice or lemonade will often quiet the stomach 
 and stop vomiting. 
 
 13. Erysipelas. — Lemon juice is sometimes used for erysipelas and espe- 
 cially in combination with other remedies. 
 
 14. Asthma. — Add a tablespoonful of lemon juice to any of the mineral 
 waters and take three times a day. This frequently produces good results. 
 
 1-5. Antidote. — Vegetable acids are antidotes for poisoning by alkalies 
 and lemon juice is a vegetable acid that is usually at hand. 
 
 16. Syphilis. — In connection with the regular treatment lemon juice 
 may often be used to advantage in the treatment of this disease. 
 
 17. Headache. — Very frequently lemon juice will be found beneficial as 
 a remedy for headache. 
 
 USES OF KEROSENE OIL. 
 
 1. Rheumatism. — ^^Kerosene applied with thorough rubbing frequently 
 does a world of good in cases of rheumatism. Petroleum was a favorite 
 remedy of the Indians for this painful ailment. 
 
440 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 %. CfOUp.' — For croup kerosene may be taken internally and also applied 
 to the- throat. 
 
 3. Toothache. — Frequently relief is obtained from toothache by wetting 
 a piece of cotton in kerosene and inserting in the cavity of the tooth. 
 
 4. Colds. — Every two or three hours take ten or twelve drops of kero- 
 spne on a lump of sugar. Also rub the neck and chest. 
 
 6. Sore Lungs. — Wet a cloth in kerosene and bind on the chest at nigfhti 
 Also take ten drops internally three or four times a day. 
 
 6. Diphtheria. — Swabbing the throat every two or three hours with 
 kerosene will remove the membrane and reduce the inflammation in diphtheria. 
 
 7. Quinsy. — Kerosene may be used to advantage both ihterhally and ex- 
 ternally in the treatment of quinsy. 
 
 8. Lice. — Kerosene will destroy lice and other vermin. 
 
 9. Dandruff. — A little kerosene mixed with glycerine will clfeatlse the 
 scalp and remove dandruff. 
 
 10. Poisoning. — In case of vegetable poisoning apply kerosene exter- 
 nally until relief is obtained. 
 
 USES OP BORAX. 
 
 1. Eye Wash. — A little weak borax water dropped into the eyes is ex' 
 celleht for weak or inflamed eyes. 
 
 3. Tooth Powdeir.— Borax is a good tooth cleanser. A good tooth pow^ 
 der is made by mixing V^ ounce of borax with 3 ounces of precipitated chalk , 
 and adding a few drops of oil of wintergreen. 
 
 3. Washing Powder. — Add a handful of borax to 10 gallons of water 
 ahd ■vvashing will be made easier. It will not injure delicate fabrics. 
 
 4. Dandruff. — A little borax in the water will remove dandruff and 
 cleanse the scalp. 
 
 5. Roach Exterminator. — Borax scattered in places frequented by 
 roaches will drive them from the premises. 
 
 6. Catarrh. — Pulverized borax used as a snuff is an excellent catarrh 
 remedy. ^ 
 
 7. Hoarseness. — A small bit of borax held in the mouth and swallowed 
 slowly relieves hoarseness. 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 441 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes,) 
 
442 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes.) 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 443 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes.) 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 For special index of " Herb Remedies " see Page 471. 
 
 For special index "All About the Mother and Her Baby" see Page 474. 
 
 Abbreviations U^ed by Physicians .... 9 
 
 Abdomen, Bloating of 2 
 
 Abdomen, Dkopsy of 166 
 
 Abdomen, Enlargement of 392 
 
 Abdomen, Pains in 18 
 
 Abdomen, Pains and Aches in 4 
 
 Abdominal Diseases I43 
 
 Abortion '. 400 
 
 Abortion. AND Prevention of Conception 389 
 
 Abscess 219 
 
 Abscess, Ischio-rectal 167 
 
 Abscess of the Brain 201 
 
 Abscess of the Kidney 181 
 
 Abscess of the Liver 170 
 
 Absence of Menses 364 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.. 20 
 
 Apoplexy 20 
 
 Asphyxia or Suffocation 20 
 
 Bandaging 20 
 
 Bites of Snakes 20 
 
 Bites of Rattle-Snakes 21 
 
 Bites and Stings of Insects 21 
 
 Bites of Dogs 22 
 
 Bites of Cats 22 
 
 Bleeding or Hemorrhage 22 
 
 Blisters and Blood Blisters 24 
 
 Bones, Broken and Fractured 24 
 
 Bruises and Slight Cuts 24 
 
 Burns and Scalds 23 
 
 Choking 27 
 
 Convulsions and Spasms 27 
 
 Cramps 29 
 
 Cuts 28 
 
 Dislocations 29 
 
 Dizziness or Vertigo 29 
 
 Drowning 29 
 
 Ear, Things in 30 
 
 Epilepsy 30 
 
 Eye, Things in 3° 
 
 Fainting 30 
 
 Falls , 31 
 
 Fire 3i 
 
 Fits, Falling Fits or Epilepsy 31 
 
 Fractures ■ • ■ 3i 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES— 
 Continued. 
 
 Freezing, or Frostbites 31 
 
 Heart Troubles 32 
 
 Fast Heart 32 
 
 Palpitation 32 
 
 Weak Heart 32 
 
 Heatstroke or Sunstroke 32 
 
 Hemorrhage 33 
 
 Hiccough 33 
 
 Hydrophobia 33 
 
 Nose, Bleeding from 33 
 
 Nose, Things in 34 
 
 Poisoning 3$ 
 
 Smothering 36 
 
 Sores 35 
 
 Spasms 35 
 
 Sprains and Strains, Sprained Back tc. 35 
 
 Stirtgs 35 
 
 Shock 36 
 
 Sunstroke .....,., i 36 
 
 Wounds 36 
 
 Acetic Acid, Poisoning by 267 
 
 Aches -(See "Pain,") 
 
 Aches and Pains, Table of 4 
 
 Aches and Pains in Abdomen 4 
 
 Aches and Pains in Back S 
 
 Aches and Pains in Chest 4 
 
 Aches and Pains in Head 4 
 
 Aches and Pains in Joints s 
 
 Aches and Fains in Legs S 
 
 Aches and Pains in Shoulder 5 
 
 Acid, Acetic — Poisoning by 267 
 
 Acid, Arsenious — Poisoning by 268 
 
 Acid, Carbolic — Poisoning by 269 
 
 Acid, Hydrochloric — Poisoning by 267 
 
 Acid, Hydrocyanic — Poisoning by 274 
 
 Acid, Muriatic — Poisoning by 267 
 
 Acid, Nitric — Poisoning by 267 
 
 Acid, Oxalic — Poisoning by 272 
 
 Acid, Prussic-^Poisdning by 274 
 
 Acid, Sulphuric — Poisoning by 267 
 
 Acid or Corrosive Poisoning 266 
 
 Acne 232 
 
 Aconite, Poisoning by 268 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
 444 
 
M/EDICAL INDEX. 
 
 445 
 
 Acquired Insanity , 309 
 
 Actinomycosis 88 
 
 Acute Anterior Polio Myelitis , 803 
 
 Acute Articular Rheumatism 65 
 
 Acute Ascending Paralysis 204 
 
 Acute Bright's Disease , . . . 178 
 
 Acute Bronchitis , . 113 
 
 Acute Catarrhal Laryngitis iix 
 
 Acute Coryza 98 
 
 Acute Cholecystitis , 173 
 
 Acute Chorea 199 
 
 Acute Corpqpeal Endometritis 379 
 
 Acute Gastric Catarrh 143 
 
 Acute Gastritis , 143 
 
 Acute Hyperemia 177 
 
 Acute Inflammation of Gall Bladder 173 
 
 Acute Inflammation of Womb 379 
 
 ApuTE Inflammatory Rheumatism ... 65 
 
 Acute Miliary Tuberculosis 70 
 
 Acute Nephritis ,..;.. 178 
 
 Acute Peritonitis i6S 
 
 Acute Pneumonic Tuberculosis of 
 
 Lungs , 79 
 
 Acute Rheumatic Fever , 6s 
 
 Acute Suppression of Menses 365 
 
 Acute Tuberculosis of Pleura 7a 
 
 Acute Yellow Atrophy of Liver 171 
 
 Apdison's Disease J4J 
 
 Adenoids, Enlarcep Tonsils and 253 
 
 Apenitis , , . . , 71 
 
 Adhesions of Clitoris 371 
 
 ApiPOSITY 3i6 
 
 Afterbirth, Delivery or 396 
 
 Ages, Various — Doses of Medicines for 8 
 
 AfiiTANs, Paralysis 205 
 
 Ague, Fever and 8S 
 
 Ague, Salt for , , 438 
 
 A1.BUMEN Water 49 
 
 AJ.COHOL, Poisoning by 368 
 
 Allen's Lung Balsam . ■ ■ 287 
 
 AifLOFATHic Medicines 7 
 
 AtJ-oPATHic Medicines, External 7 
 
 AlLOPATHJC MePJCINES FOR POISONING., 7 
 
 Ar-LOPATHic Medicines, Internal 7 
 
 Al-MOND ,300 
 
 Amenorrhea .,.,.., 364 
 
 Ammonia Water, Poisoning sv 268 
 
 Amyloid Liver 171 
 
 Anemia 136 
 
 Anemia, Pernicious , 137 
 
 Anemia, Primary or Essential 136 
 
 Anemia, Secondary 136 
 
 Aneurism 13S 
 
 Angina Pectoris 131 
 
 Ani, Prolapsus i60 
 
 Animal Parasites, Diseases Due to.. 239 
 
 Anteflexion ..,.., 375 
 
 Anterior Pouo Mvelitis, Acute 203 
 
 Anterior Powo Myelitis, Chronic .... 203 
 Anthrax 87 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 
 POISONS ANO ANTIDOTES 
 
 a66 
 
 Antidote, Lemons as 439 
 
 Antidote, Salt as 438 
 
 Antidotes (See " PQisons,") 
 
 Antidotes to Keep on Hand , . ■ . - a66 
 
 Anti-Fat a86 
 
 Antimony, Poisoning by a68 
 
 Antiseptic, Salt as an Internal 438 
 
 Antiseptics 13 
 
 Anuria 183 
 
 Aortic Stenosis , 133 
 
 Aphasia , 201 
 
 Aphonia . , 201 
 
 Apoplexy 20, 200 
 
 Appendicitis 18, 164, 263 
 
 Appendicitis, Comparison with Other 
 
 Diseases 6 
 
 Apple, Thorn — Poisoning by 374 
 
 Appliances for Home Medicine Chest 7 
 
 Arabian Balsam 387 
 
 Arbor Vit^ 307 
 
 Arm Bone, Fracture of , 37 
 
 Arnica 305 
 
 AjtROWRooT Water , . , . . 43 
 
 Arsenate of Copper, Poisoning py ..... 268 
 
 Arsenic, Poisoning by , 268 
 
 Arsenious Acid, Poisoning ay ......... 268 
 
 Arse Smart , 306 
 
 Arteries and Veins, Diseases of 127 
 
 Arterio Sclerosis , 135 
 
 Arthritis , 362 
 
 Articular Rheumatism, Acute 65 
 
 Ascending Paralysis, Acute 204 
 
 Ascites , i66 
 
 AsEPTiN .- '. 387 
 
 Asiatic Cholera 81 
 
 Asparagus 305 
 
 Asphyxia or Suffocation 20 
 
 Asthma 124 
 
 Asthma, Lemons for 439 
 
 Ataxia, Locomotor 202 
 
 Atropia, Poisoning by , . s6g 
 
 Atropine, Poisoning by , 269 
 
 Atrophy of Liver, Acute Yellow ...... 17? 
 
 Autumnal Catarrh , io8 
 
 AvENs 306 
 
 Ayer's Cherry Pectorai, , . 286 
 
 Ayer's Hair Vigor 286 
 
 Aver's Sarsaparilla 286 
 
 BABY (See "All About the Mother and 
 
 Her Baby.") 403 
 
 Bathing 416 
 
 Bleeding from Navel 419 
 
 Care of 417 
 
 Clothing for 415, 416 
 
 Dont's for 420 
 
 General Signs of Sickness in 418 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES .8 
 
446 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 BABY— Continued. 
 
 Baby Heart 393 
 
 Making Preparation for 41S 
 
 Normal Pulse Rate of 417 
 
 Normal Respirations of 417 
 
 Normal Temperature of 417 
 
 Restless and Sleepless 418 
 
 Baby's Wardrobe 415 
 
 Back, Pains and Aches in ... T 5 
 
 Back, Sprained 35 
 
 Back, Weak (See "Lumbago.") 214 
 
 Back of Head and Neck, Neuralgia of 191 
 
 Bad Breath 260 
 
 Baldness 231 
 
 Balm of Gilead 307 
 
 Balsam Fir 309 
 
 BANDAGING 20, 36 
 
 Bandages 36 
 
 Desault Method of 38 
 
 Dislocation of Fingers and Toes 40 
 
 Dislocation of Jaw 40 
 
 Dislocation of Shoulder 40 
 
 Fractures 37 
 
 Fracture of Arrn Bone 37 
 
 F'ractuf e of Bones of Forearm 38 
 
 Fracture of Collar Bone 38 
 
 Fracture of Fingers '. 40 
 
 Fracture of Hip 39 
 
 Fracture of Lower Jaw 39 
 
 Fracture of Nose 40 
 
 Fracture of Ribs 39 
 
 Fracture of Thigh Bone 39 
 
 General Instructions as tq 36 
 
 Padding 36 
 
 Splints 36 
 
 Velpeau Method of 38 
 
 Wounds 37 
 
 Barberry 312 
 
 Barber's Itch , 234 
 
 Bareel's Indian Liniment 287 
 
 Barker's Bone and Nerve Liniment 287 
 
 Barley and Egg Water 43 
 
 Barley Jelly from the Flour 42 
 
 Barey Jelly from the Grains 41 
 
 Barley Water 42 
 
 Basedow's Disease . . .' 141 
 
 Basilar Meningitis 71 
 
 Basswood .'. 309 
 
 Bath, Salt for 438 
 
 Bathing the Baby ;. 416 
 
 BATHS 12 
 
 Bed 13 
 
 Bran j 14 
 
 Foot 13 
 
 For Young Women 387 
 
 Internal 14 
 
 Mustard Foot 14 
 
 Salt 14 
 
 Sitz 1.3 
 
 Soda ■ 14 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 'POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 BATHS — Continued. 
 
 Sponge 13 
 
 Sulphur 14 
 
 Tub 13 
 
 Hair 13 
 
 Bayberry 312 
 
 Bay Rum 288 
 
 Bearberry ^ 313 
 
 Bed Bath 13 
 
 Bed Linen, Towels, Etc 16 
 
 Bed Pan and How to Use It 1 1 
 
 Bed Sores, Prevention and Care of.... ii 
 
 Bed, To Draw Patient up in 10 
 
 Bed, To Set Patient Up in 11 
 
 Bed, To Make Patient Comfortable in 9 
 Bed, To Move Patient from One to An- 
 other 10 
 
 Bed Wetting 186 
 
 Beech 309 
 
 BeechaJi's Pills . . . ; 287 
 
 Beech Drops 313 
 
 Beef Broth 41 
 
 Beef Juice from Broiled Steak 41 
 
 Beef Tea by Cold Process 41 
 
 Belladonna, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Bell WORT 307 
 
 Bending Forward of Womb 375 
 
 Beriberi 88 
 
 Berries, Sumach — Poisoning by 272 
 
 Beth Root 307 
 
 Bichloride of Mercury — Disinfectant 
 
 AND Antiseptic 12 
 
 Bichloride of Mercury, Poisoning by. . . 270 
 
 Big " G" Injection 288 
 
 Bile Ducts, Inflammation of 171 
 
 Bile Ducts, Suppuration of 173 
 
 Bile Passages, Diseases of 170 
 
 Bilious Sick Headache 188 
 
 Biliousness 174 
 
 Biliousness, Lemons for 439 
 
 Birthmarks 263, 431 
 
 Bismuth Oxide, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Bismuth Subnitrate, Poisoning by . . . 269 
 
 Bites and Stings of Insects 21 
 
 Bites of Cats ' 22 
 
 Bites of Dogs 22 
 
 Bites of Rattle-Snakes 21 
 
 Bites of Snakes 20 
 
 Bitter Root 314 
 
 Bitter Sweet 313 
 
 Blackbfery 314 
 
 Black Cohosh 310 
 
 Black Death 82 
 
 Blackheads 232 
 
 Black Helebore, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Black Snake Root 309 
 
 Bladder, Inflammation of 185 
 
 Bladder and Kidneys, Diseases of .... 176 
 Bladder and Kidneys, Home Remedies 
 for 182 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS I 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES- 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 447 
 
 Bladder, Kidneys and Urine in Preg- 
 nancy 391 
 
 BLEEDING 4, 22 
 
 Bright Red and in Spurts 4 
 
 in Labor . . .■ 397 
 
 from Lungs 120 
 
 from Mouth 4 
 
 from Nose , 4, 33 
 
 from Rectum 4 
 
 Salt for 438 
 
 Steady Flow of Dark Blood 4 
 
 Bleeding or Internal Piles 167 
 
 Blind Piles (Internal or Bleeding) 167 
 
 Blisters and Blood Blisters 24 
 
 BLOATING 2 
 
 of Abdomen 2 
 
 of Face 2 
 
 of Legs and Feet 2 
 
 of Stomach 2 
 
 Under Eyes 2 
 
 Blood Blisters 24 
 
 Blood, Bright Red and in Spurts 4 
 
 Blood, Diseases of / 136 
 
 Blood, Home Remedies for 137 
 
 Blood Poisoning 81 
 
 Blood Purifiers 137 
 
 Blood Root 315 
 
 Blood, Steady Flow of D^^rk 4 
 
 Blood Sufferers 137 
 
 Bloody Flux : . 67 
 
 Bloody Urine 184 
 
 Blue Bells 308 
 
 Blue Cardinal Flower 308 
 
 Blue Cohosh 311 
 
 Blue Flag 31S 
 
 Blue Violet 310 
 
 Blue Vitriol, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Bluestone, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Bluish or Inky Lips and Tongue i 
 
 Body, Care of After Death .". . . 20 
 
 Body Lice 241 
 
 Boiled Milk 408 
 
 Boils 222 
 
 Bones, Broken (See "Bandaging.") — 36 
 
 Bones, Broken and Fractured 24 
 
 Bones, Diseased 264 
 
 Boneset 316 
 
 BORAX, USES OF 440 
 
 Catarrh ; . . . 440 
 
 Dandruff 440 
 
 Eye Wash 440 
 
 Hoarseness 440 
 
 Roach Exterminator 440 
 
 Tooth Powder 440 
 
 Washing Powder 440 
 
 Boric Acid Antiseptic Wash for Mouth 12 
 
 Boschee's German Syrup 288 
 
 Bouquet Fever (See " Dengue.") 88 
 
 Bowel, Fallen 166 
 
 Bowel, Fistula of ' 167 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.. 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Bowel Troubles 159 
 
 Bowels 387 
 
 Bowels, Inflammation of 162 
 
 Bowels, Telescoping of 165 
 
 Bowlegs 264 
 
 Boxwood 317 
 
 Boys and Girls, Our 383 
 
 Bran Baths 14 
 
 Brain, Abscess of 201 
 
 Brain and Membranes, Tumors of 201 
 
 Brain, Water on 71 
 
 Bread, Dried 42 
 
 Breakbone Fever 88 
 
 Breast, Broken 399, 404 
 
 Breast, Hard, Inflamed and Caked 406 
 
 Breast Pang 131 
 
 Breast, Tumors and Cancers of 263 
 
 Breasts, Changes in 391 
 
 Breath, Bad '. 260 
 
 Breathing, Pain in , J 4 
 
 Breach Presentation , 394 
 
 Bright's Disease, Acute 178 
 
 Brights Disease, Chronic 178 
 
 British Oil 287 
 
 Broad Leaved Dock 310 
 
 Broiled Steak, Beef Juice from 41 
 
 Broken Bones (See "Bandaging.") 36 
 
 Broken Breast 399, 404 
 
 Bromidrosis 227 
 
 Bronchitis, Acute 112 
 
 Bronchitis, Capillary 73, 116 
 
 Bronchitis, Chronic iis 
 
 Bronchitis, Directions for Nursing... 18 
 
 Bronchitis or Croup Tent i8 
 
 Bronchial Asthma 124 
 
 Bronchocele 140 
 
 Broncho-Pneumonia 116 
 
 Broth, Mutton 41 
 
 Broths — Chicken, Veal and Beef 41 
 
 Brown's Bronchial Troches 288 
 
 Bruises and Slight Cuts 24 
 
 Bubo 359 
 
 Bubonic Plague 82 
 
 Buchu 317 
 
 Bucket Fever (See "Dengue.") 88 
 
 Bucklen's Arnica Salve 288 
 
 Buck Thorn Brake 317 
 
 Bugle Weed 310 
 
 Bulbar Paralysis 203 
 
 Bunions 226 
 
 Burdock 317 
 
 Burns and Scalds 23 
 
 Butternut 310 
 
 C 
 
 Caked Breast 406 
 
 Caked and Broken Breasts 399 
 
 Calculus, Renal 180 
 
 Camphor Ice 289 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
448 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Camphor, Poisoning by 270 
 
 Cancek of Cervix or Neck of Womb. . . 378 
 
 Cancer of Lip, Tongue, Face, Etc 262 
 
 Cancer of Liver 171 
 
 CaKcer of Stomach 146 
 
 Cancer of Womb and Stomach ....... 263 
 
 Cancers of Breast, TuMostS and 263 
 
 Cancers and Tumors 218 
 
 Cancrum Oris 258 
 
 Cankers and Ulcers 256 
 
 CAntharides, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Gantharis, Poisoning by 269 
 
 CAPII.I.ARY Bronchitis 73, 116 
 
 Capsule of Liver, Cirrhosis or Harden- 
 ing of 171 
 
 Caraway 318 
 
 Carbolic Acid Antiseptic Solution..;. 12 
 
 Carbolic Acid Disinfectant 12 
 
 Carbolic Acid, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Carbuncles 220 
 
 Carcinoma 218 
 
 Carcinomata 218 
 
 Care and Prevention of Bed Sores 11 
 
 Care of Baby 417 
 
 Care of Body After Death l 20 
 
 Care of Nipples 406 
 
 Care in Infectious and Contagious 
 
 Diseases iS 
 
 Carrying Patient when Sitting ...... lO 
 
 Carter's Little Liver Pills 388 
 
 Castoria 289 
 
 Catalepsy 206 
 
 Cataract 24s 
 
 Cataract and Film on Eye 264 
 
 Catarrh, Acute Gastric 143 
 
 Catarrh, Autumnal i<^ 
 
 Catarrh, Borax for 440 
 
 Catarrh, Chronic Nasal 106 
 
 Catarrh, Cervical (Actite and Chonic) 377 
 Catarrh or Inflammation of BiLfe 
 
 , Ducts 171 
 
 Catarrh of Stomach, Chronic 143 
 
 Catarrh, Salt for » 438 
 
 Catarrhal Croup 108 
 
 Catarrhal Enteritis 162 
 
 Catarrhal Headache 190 
 
 Catarrhal Laryngitis, Acute 1 1 1 
 
 Catnip 318 
 
 CaIistic, Lunar — Poisoning by 272 
 
 Caustic Potash, Poisoning by 268 
 
 Cayenne Pepper 318 
 
 Cedar, On. of — Poisoning by 273 
 
 Cerates 304 
 
 Cerebro-Spinal Fever 61 
 
 Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis 61 
 
 Cervical Catarrh, Acute and Chronic 377 
 Cervical or Neck Glands, Tuberculosis 
 
 OF 71 
 
 Cervico-beachial Neuralgia 191 
 
 Cervico-occipital Neuralgia 191 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Cervix in Pregnancy 393 
 
 Cervix Uteri, Laceration of 37; 
 
 Cessation or Stopping of Menses . . i . . . 391 
 
 Chafing 433 
 
 Chair, To Place a Patient in 11 
 
 Chamomile .^ 318 
 
 Chancre i. . 361 
 
 Chancroid 361 
 
 Changes in the Breasts 391 
 
 Chamberlain's Colic, CnbLERA and 
 
 Diarrhea Remedy ». ^ ....... ■ 289 
 
 Chamberlain's Relief 289 
 
 Chapped Hands and Face (See " Chap- 
 ping.") 229 
 
 Chapping 229 
 
 Chapter for Married Women 389 
 
 Chapter for Men 359 
 
 Chapter for Women of FoStY-five. ... 401 
 
 Chapter for Young Women 384 
 
 Cheek, Single Red i 
 
 Cheeks, Red or Hectic i 
 
 Chest, Home Medicine j 
 
 Chest, Pains and Aches in 4 
 
 Chestnut 319 
 
 CSicken Broth 41 
 
 Chicken-Pox 56, 436 
 
 Chicken-Pox, Comparison with OtSe* 
 
 Diseases 6 
 
 Chilblains 22^ 
 
 Child, Cry of 3 
 
 Child Crowing . . . .- 112 
 
 Child-Bed Fever 398 
 
 Child, Delivery of 396 
 
 Childhood, Ileo-colitis of 163 
 
 Children, How to Conceive and Bear 
 
 Healthy 390 
 
 CHILDREN'S DISEASES 420 
 
 Birthmarks and Moles 431 
 
 Chafing 433 
 
 Chicken-Pox 436 
 
 Cholera Infantum 42(5 
 
 Colic 422 
 
 Colds 428 
 
 Constipation 427 
 
 Convulsions 434 
 
 Diarrhea 425 
 
 Diphtheria 433 
 
 Earache 421 
 
 Eczema 432 
 
 German Measles 436 
 
 Headache 422 
 
 Hives — Nettle Rash — Urticaria ....... 434 
 
 Measles , 43S 
 
 Membranous Croup 431 
 
 Milk Crust 433 
 
 Prickly Heat , 431 
 
 Rheumatism 436 
 
 Rickets 437 
 
 Scarlet Fever 43^ 
 
 ' Spasmodic Croup 430 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS A<5ES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 449 
 
 CHILDREN'S DISEASES— Con;jnj(«rf. 
 
 Sore Eyes ■ 420 
 
 Sore Mouth 425 
 
 Sore Throat 429 
 
 Stomach Rash— Tooth Rash 434 
 
 Teething 423 
 
 Tooth Rash — Stomach Rash 434 
 
 Whooping Cough 436 
 
 Chill 2 
 
 Chills and Fever 85 
 
 Chloral Hydrate, Poisoning by 270 
 
 Chloride of Lime Disinfectant 12 
 
 Chlorosis 136 
 
 Choking 27 
 
 Cholecystitis, Acute 173 
 
 Cholelithiasis 173 
 
 Cholera, Asiatic 81 
 
 Cholera Infantum 157, 426 
 
 Cholera Morbus 158 
 
 Cholera Morbus, Salt for 438 
 
 Cholera, Nostras 158 
 
 Cholera, Sporadic 158 
 
 Choosing a Husband 389 
 
 Chordee 359 
 
 Chorea, Acute 199 
 
 Chorea, Hereditary 200 
 
 Chorea, Huntington's 200 
 
 Chorea, Sydenham's 199 
 
 Chronic Anterior Polio Myelitis 203 
 
 Chronic Bright's Disease 178 
 
 Chronic Bronchitis i iS 
 
 Chronic Catarrh of Stomach 143 
 
 Chronic Congestion of Kidneys 177 
 
 Chronic Corporeal Endometritis 380 
 
 Chronic Discharge from Ear 248 
 
 Chronic Gastritis 143 
 
 Chronic Inflammation of Womb 380 
 
 Chronic Jaundice 173 
 
 Chronic Nasal Catarrh 106 
 
 Chronic Nephritis 178 
 
 Chronic Pharyngitis 256 
 
 Chronic Rheumatism 211 
 
 Chronic Rhinitis , 106 
 
 Chronic Sore Throat 256 
 
 Chronic Ulcerative Tuberculosis of 
 
 Lungs 73 
 
 Chronic Valvular Heart Disease 132 
 
 Circulation, Diseases of Organs of... 127 
 
 Circulation, Plan of 127 
 
 Circumcision 265 
 
 Cirrhosis or Hardening of Capsule of 
 
 Liver 171 
 
 Cirrhosis, Hypertrophic 171 
 
 Cirrhosis of Liver 171 
 
 Clap 359 
 
 Classification of Insanity 209 
 
 Clavicle, Fracture of 38 
 
 Cleavers 319 
 
 Cleft Palate 263 
 
 Clitoris, Adhesions of 371 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENQES. . 20 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 89 
 
 Clitoris, Operation on 265 
 
 Clothing for Baby 415, 410 
 
 Cloves 320 
 
 Club Feet 264 
 
 Cobalt, Poisoning by 270 
 
 Coccydynia 192 
 
 Coddled Egg 42 
 
 Codeine, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Coke Dandruff Cure 289 
 
 Colds 428 
 
 Colds, Coughs and Hoarseness 98 
 
 Colds, Kerosene for 440 
 
 Colds, Lemons foe 439 
 
 Colic 150, 422 
 
 Colic, Salt for 438 
 
 Color of Skin in Disease i 
 
 Collar Bone, Fracture of 38 
 
 CoLUMBO Root 320 
 
 Comfrey 320 
 
 Comparison of Diseases 5 
 
 Compensation and Failure of Compen- 
 sation 130 
 
 Complaints, Diarrhea and Summer ... 148 
 
 Conception, Prevention of 389 
 
 Condensed Milk 410 
 
 Congestion of Kidneys 177 
 
 Congestion of Kidneys, Chronic 177 
 
 Congestion of Liver 174 
 
 Conium, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Conjunctivitis 242 
 
 Constipation 153, 427 
 
 Constitutional Diseases 211 
 
 Consumption, Galloping 72 
 
 Contagious and Infectious Diseases 15, 44 
 Contagious Diseases, Disinfecting Af- 
 ter 12 
 
 Convulsions 434 
 
 Convulsions in Pregnant Women 397 
 
 Convulsions or Spasms 27 
 
 Copper, Arsenate of — Poisoning by.... 268 
 
 Copper, Sulphate of — Poisoning by 269 
 
 Copperas Disinfectant 12 
 
 Cord, Dressinc and Tying 396 
 
 CosNsiLK 321 
 
 Corn Sweat 17 
 
 Corns 226 
 
 Corns, Lemons for 439 
 
 Corporeal Endometritis, Acute 379 
 
 Corporeal Endometritis, Chronic 380 
 
 Corpulence 216 
 
 Corrosive or Acid Poisoning 266 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate Disinfectant and 
 
 Antiseptic ; ; 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate, Poisoning by 27-, 
 
 CoRYZA, Acute 98 
 
 Cough in Different Diseases . 2 
 
 Couch — Coarse, Barking 2 
 
 Cough — Dry, Hacking 2 
 
 Cough, Loose 2 
 
 Cough, Spasmodic 2 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
450 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Cough, Whooping is . .96, 436 
 
 Coughs, Colds and Hoarseness 98 
 
 Coughs and Hoakseness, Lemons for. . 439 
 
 Coup de Soleil 197 
 
 Cow's Milk 409, 410 
 
 Crabs or Body Lice 241 
 
 Cracked Nipples 404 
 
 Cramps 29 
 
 Cravings in Pregnancy 392 
 
 Crawley Root 321 
 
 Cream .and Rice Mixture 43 
 
 Creosote, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Cretinism 141 
 
 Crooked Feet 264 
 
 Cross-Eyes 24s, 263 
 
 Croup, Kerosene for 440 
 
 Croup, Membranous or True... 45, 108, 431 
 
 Croup or Bronchitis Tent 18 
 
 Qioup, Salt for 438 
 
 Croup, Spasmodic 108, 430 
 
 Croup, False 108 
 
 Croup, Catarrhal 108 
 
 Croup, Pseudo 108 
 
 Crowfoot 322 
 
 Crowing, Child 112 
 
 Crust, Milk 433 
 
 Cry of Child, Meaning of 3 
 
 Cry of Child — Catchy, Jerky 3 
 
 Cry of Child — Boisterous, Temporary. 3 
 
 Cry of Child — Moaning, Wailing 3 
 
 Culver's Root 322 
 
 Curds and Whey 41 
 
 Cuts 28 
 
 Cuticura Ointment 289 
 
 Cuticura Resolvent 289 
 
 Cystitis 185 
 
 Cysts, Ovarian 383 
 
 D 
 
 Dance, St. Vitus' 199 
 
 Dandruff 231 
 
 Dandruff, Borax for 440 
 
 Dandruff, Kerosene for 440 
 
 Dandelion 323 
 
 Dandy Fever (See " Dengue.") 88 
 
 Death, Care of Body After 20 
 
 Death, Black 82 
 
 Deadly Nightshade, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Deafness 249 
 
 Decoctions 304 
 
 Definitions of Forms of Insanity 209 
 
 Deformities, Malignant Growths and 
 
 Operations 262 
 
 Delirium Tremens 207 
 
 Delivery of Afterbirth or Placenta... 390 
 
 Delivery of Child 396 
 
 Delusion 209 
 
 Dementia 210 
 
 Dementia Paralytica 202 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Dengue 88 
 
 Description and Location of Gall 
 
 Bladder 170 
 
 Description and Location of Liver 170 
 
 Description and Location of Pancreas 170 
 
 Description of Fallopian Tubes 381 
 
 Description of Heart and Valves 127 
 
 Description of Ovaries 382 
 
 Description of Respiratory Organs ... 95 
 
 Dewberry 314 
 
 Diabetes Insipidus 217 
 
 Diabetes Mellitus 216 
 
 Diabetes, Sugar 216 
 
 Diapers 416 
 
 Diarrhea 425 
 
 Diarrhea and Dysentery 19 " 
 
 Diarrhea and Dysentery, Salt for . . . 438 
 Diarrhea and Summer Complaints . . . 148 
 
 Diet 387 
 
 Diet for Tuberculosis Patient 74 
 
 Difficult and Painful Menstruation. 367 
 Diffuse Inflammation of Kidneys .... 178 
 
 Digitalis, Poisoning by . . . . ; 270 
 
 Dilatation 130 
 
 Diphtheria 45t 435 
 
 Diphtheria Compared with Other Dis- 
 eases 5 
 
 Diphtheria, Kerosene for .'. 440 
 
 Diphtheria, Laryngeal 45 
 
 Diphtheria, Lemons for 439 
 
 Directions for Nursing Various Dis- 
 eases 16 
 
 Disease, Acute Bright's 178 
 
 Disease, Addison's 141 
 
 Disease, Basedow's 141 
 
 Disease, Chronic Bright's 178 
 
 Disease, Chronic Valvular Heart .... 132 
 Disease, Heart — General Treatment of 134 
 
 Disease, Grave's 141 
 
 Disease, Hip Joint 264 
 
 Disease, Hodgkin's 140 
 
 Disease, Mastoid 248, 264 
 
 Disease of Supra-Renal Glands 141 
 
 Disease, Parry's ■ 141 
 
 Disease, Prevention of 43 
 
 Disease, Pulmonary Valve 134 
 
 Disease, Tricuspid Valve 134 
 
 Diseased Bones 264 
 
 Diseases, Abdominal 143 
 
 Diseases Attending and Following 
 
 Pregnancy and Labor 397 
 
 Diseases — Causes, Symptoms and 
 
 Treatment of 45 
 
 Diseases, Children's 420 
 
 Diseases, Comparison of S 
 
 Diseases, Constitutional 211 
 
 Diseases Due to Animal Parasites . . . 239 
 Diseases, General Directions for Nurs- 
 
 iNd Various 16 
 
 Diseases, Infectious and Contagious is, 45 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 451 
 
 Diseases of Bile Passages 170 
 
 Diseases of Blood 136 
 
 Diseases of Ductless Glands 136 
 
 Diseases of Ear 246 
 
 Diseases of Eye 242 
 
 Diseases of Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat 
 
 AND Mouth 242 
 
 Diseases of Fallopian Tubes 381 
 
 Diseases of Gall Bladder 170 
 
 Diseases of Heart, Arteries and Veins 127 
 
 Diseases of Joints 264 
 
 Diseases of Kidneys and Bladder.. .176, 182 
 
 Diseases of Liver 170 
 
 Diseases of Lungs, Bronchial Tubes 
 
 and Air Passages 95 
 
 Diseases of Mouth 256 
 
 Diseases of Nervous System 187 
 
 DisEASEss OF Nose 249 
 
 Diseases of Organs of Circulation... 127 
 
 Diseases of Ovaries 382 
 
 Diseases of Pancreas 170 
 
 Diseases of Spleen 140 
 
 Diseases of Stomach and Intestines. . . 143 
 
 Diseases of Throat 250 
 
 Diseases of Vaginia 371 
 
 Diseases of Vulva 369 
 
 Diseases of Womb 374 
 
 Diseases of Women 364 
 
 Diseases, Skin 218 
 
 Discharge from Ear, Chronic 248 
 
 Discharge from Nose or Eyes 4 
 
 Dishes, Care of in Diseases 16 
 
 DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEP- 
 TICS 12 
 
 Boric Acid 12 
 
 Carbolic Acid 12 
 
 Chloride of Lime 12 
 
 Copperas 12 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 12 
 
 Disinfecting Room 12 
 
 Disinfecting Vapor 12 
 
 Dry Disinfectants 12 
 
 DrSINFECTION and ISOLATION l6 
 
 Disinfecting a Room '. 12 
 
 Dislocations (See "Bandaging.") .. .29, 36 
 
 Dislocations of Fingers and Toes 40 
 
 Dislocations of jAVif 40 
 
 Dislocations of Shoulder 40 
 
 Disorders of Menstruation 364 
 
 Dizziness or Vertigo 29 
 
 " Dont's " for the Bady 420 
 
 Dorsalis, Tabes 202 
 
 Doses of Medicine for Various Ages.. 8 
 Douches and Injections (Internal 
 
 Baths) 14 
 
 Dress 388 
 
 Dressing and Tying Cord 396 
 
 Dried Bread 42 
 
 Dropsy 176 
 
 Dropsy During Pregnancy 397 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES . . 20 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Dropsy of Abdomen 166 
 
 Drov^ning 29 
 
 Drunkenness 207 
 
 Dry Disinfectants 12 
 
 Ducts, Inflammation of Bile 171 
 
 Ducts, Suppuration of Bile 173 
 
 Ductless Glands, Diseases of 136 
 
 Duration of Labor 394 
 
 Dwarf Elder 323 
 
 Dysentery 67 
 
 Dysentery and Diarrhea 19 
 
 Dyspepsia, Indigestion and 143 
 
 Dyspepsia of Pregnant Women 392 
 
 Dyspepsia, Salt for 438 
 
 Dysmenorrhea 367 
 
 E 
 
 EAR, DISEASES OF 246 
 
 Earache 246 
 
 Inflammation of Ear 248 
 
 Inflammation of Middle Ear 264 
 
 Chronic Discharge from Ear 248 
 
 Deafness 249 
 
 Mastoid Diesease 248 
 
 Things in Ear 30, 249 
 
 Earache 19, 246, 421 
 
 Earache, Salt for 438 
 
 Eczema 233, 432 
 
 Eclampsy 397 
 
 Edema 176 
 
 Egg and Barley Water 43 
 
 Egg, Coddled 42 
 
 Eggs, Hard Boiled 43 
 
 Egyptian Eye Salve 290 
 
 Elder 323 
 
 Elecampane 324 
 
 Elm 324 
 
 Elongation of Palate 253 
 
 Ely's Cream Balm 290 
 
 Emergencies, Accidents and 20 
 
 Emetics 266 
 
 Emissions, Nocturnal 362 
 
 Endocarditis 132 
 
 Endocarditis, Acute 132 
 
 Endocarditis; Chronic 132 
 
 Endocarditis, Malignant 132 
 
 Endometritis, Acute Corporeal 379 
 
 Endometritis, Chronic Corporeal 380 
 
 Enlarged Prostrate Gland 363 
 
 Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids 253 
 
 Enlargement and Hardening of Liver 171 
 Enlargement of Abdomen in Preg- 
 nancy 392 
 
 Enlargement of Heart 130 
 
 Enteric Fever 76 
 
 Enteritis, Catarrhal 162 
 
 Enuresis 186 
 
 Epidemic Parotitis 54 
 
 Epilepsy 30, 198 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
453 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Erysipelas 62 
 
 Erysipelas, Lemons for 439 
 
 Espey's Cream 290 
 
 Essential Anemia 136 
 
 Excessive Menstrual Flow 366 
 
 Exercise 388 
 
 Exhaustion, Heat 197 
 
 Exhaustion, Nervous 19S 
 
 Exopthalmic Goitre 141 
 
 External Piles 167 
 
 External Stimulant, Salt as 438 
 
 Extracts 304 
 
 EVE, diseases of 242 
 
 Cataract 245, 264 
 
 Conjunctivitis 242 
 
 Cross-eyes 245, 263 
 
 Eye Strain and Glasses '. . . . 246 
 
 Film on Sight : 245, 264 
 
 Granular Eyelids 244 
 
 Hordeolum 245 
 
 Inflammation of Eyelids 242 
 
 Inflammation Of Iris 244 
 
 Iritis , 244 
 
 Pterygium 245 
 
 Sore Eyes 420 
 
 Stye 24s 
 
 Things in Eye 30, 245 
 
 Weak and Inflamed Eyes 242 
 
 Eye Wash, Borax as 440 
 
 Eye Wash, Salt as 438 
 
 Eyebrows, Pain Over 4 
 
 Eyelids, Granular 244 
 
 Eyelids, Inflammation of 242 
 
 Eyes, Aching in 3 
 
 Eyes, Bloating Under 2 
 
 Eyes and Nose, Discharges from 4 
 
 EYES IN DIFFERENT DISEASES.. 3 
 
 Contracted Pupils 3 
 
 Dilated Pupils 3 
 
 Red and Inflamed 3 
 
 Rolling of 3 
 
 Turned Sideways 3 
 
 F 
 
 Face, Bloating of 2 
 
 Face, Cancer of 262 
 
 Face, Neuralgia of 191 
 
 Face, Spasmodic Neuralgia of loi 
 
 Face and Hands, Chapped 229 
 
 Failure of Compensation 130 
 
 Failure of Heart, Emergency Remedies 
 
 FOR 128 
 
 Fainting 30 
 
 Fallen Bowel 166 
 
 Falling Fits 198 
 
 Falling of Womb 374 
 
 Fallopian Tubes, Description of 381 
 
 Fallopian Tubes, Diseases of 381 
 
 Faliapian Tubes, Inflammation of . . . 381 
 
 OCCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 iPOISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Falls 31 
 
 False Croup 108 
 
 False Unicorn Root , 335 
 
 Farcy 88 
 
 Fatness 216 
 
 Fats and Proteids in Milk 40B 
 
 Fatty Heart 131 
 
 Feces and Urine 16 
 
 Feeding in Various Diseases 16 
 
 Feeding and Nursing 403 
 
 Feeding Rules up to 12 Mos 412 
 
 Feeding Rules from 12 to 15 Mos 412 
 
 Feeding Rules from is to 20 Mos 413 
 
 Feeding Rules from 20 to 24 Mos 413 
 
 Feeding Rules for Third Year 413 
 
 Feeding Rules from Third to Seventh 
 
 Year 414 
 
 Feeding Rules. Summary of 410 
 
 Feet, Crooked or Club 264 
 
 Feet, Hands and 3 
 
 Feet and Legs, Bloating of 2 
 
 Feet, Sweating of 227 
 
 Felon 223 
 
 Fennel 325 
 
 Fever, Acute Rheumatic 65 
 
 Fever, Bouquet (See " Dengue.") ^ 
 
 Fever, Cerebro-Spinal 61 
 
 Fever, Child-Bed 398 
 
 Fever, Breakbone 88 
 
 Fever, Bucket (See " Dengue.") 88 
 
 Fever, Dandy (See "Dengue.") 88 
 
 Fever, Enteric 76 
 
 Fever, Hay 108 
 
 Fever, Intermittent 85 
 
 Fever, Isolation or Thermic 197 
 
 Fever, Lung 117 
 
 Fever, Malarial 85 
 
 Eever; Malta 88 
 
 Fever, Masha 88 
 
 Fever, Pernicious 85 
 
 Fever, Puerperal 398 
 
 Fever, Relapsing 85 
 
 Fever, Remittent 85 
 
 Fever, Scarlet 48, 436 
 
 Fever, Spotted 01 
 
 Fever, Three Day 88 
 
 Fever, Tick 88 
 
 Fever, Typhoid 19, 76 
 
 Fever, Typhus 80 
 
 Fever, Yellow 84 
 
 Fever in Different Diseases 2 
 
 Fevers, Lemons for 439 
 
 Fibroid Tumors of Womb 380 
 
 Film on Sight 245 
 
 Film and Cataract 264 
 
 Finger, Hammer 265 
 
 Fingers, Fracture of 40 
 
 Fingers and Toes, Dislocation of 40 
 
 Fire 31 
 
 Fireweed 326 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS I 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 453 
 
 First Stage of Labor 394 
 
 Fissure i66 
 
 Fistula of Bowel 167 
 
 Fits or Epilepsy 31, 198 
 
 Flaxseed Tea 43 
 
 Fleas 241 
 
 Flow, Excessive Menstrual 366 
 
 Fluid Extracts 304 
 
 Flux, Bloody 67 
 
 Fly Poison, Poisoning by 270 
 
 FcETAL Heart 393 
 
 Fomentations 284, 303 
 
 Foods for Children 414 
 
 Foods Forbidden Children 415 
 
 Foods, Poisoning by 271 
 
 FOODS FOR THE SICK 41 
 
 Albumen Water 42 
 
 Arrowroot Water 43 
 
 Barley Water 42 
 
 Barley Jelly from the Flour 42 
 
 Barley Jelly from the Grains 41 
 
 Beef Juice from Broiled Steak 41 
 
 Beef Juice by Cold Process 41 
 
 Chicken, Veal and Beef Broths 41 
 
 Coddled Egg 42 
 
 Cream and Rice Mixture 43 
 
 Dried Bread 42 
 
 Egg and Barley Water 43 
 
 Flaxseed Tea 43 
 
 Gluten Water 42 
 
 Hard Boiled Eggs 43 
 
 Imperial Granum 42 
 
 Junkets or Curds and Whey 41 
 
 Lime Water 42 
 
 Meat Pulp 41 
 
 Mutton Broth 41 
 
 Oatmeal Water 42 
 
 Oat, Wheat or Rice Jelly 42 
 
 Oat or Wheat Jelly from Flour 4a 
 
 Rice Water 43 
 
 Toast Water 43 
 
 Whey .' 41 
 
 Fool's Parsley, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Foot Baths 13 
 
 Foot Baths, Mustard 14 
 
 Foot Fungus 88 
 
 Foot and Heel, Neuralgia of 192 
 
 Forearm, Fracture of 38 
 
 Forehead, Pain or Aching in 4 
 
 Foxglove 326 
 
 Foxglove, Poisoning by 270 
 
 Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, Poison- 
 ing BY 268 
 
 Fractures (See "Bandaging") ..31, 36, 37 
 
 Fractures op Arm Bone oh Humerus . . 37 
 
 Fractures of Bones of Forearm 38 
 
 Fractures of Collar Bone or Clavicle 38 
 
 Fractures of Fingers 40 
 
 Fractures of Hip 39 
 
 Fractures of Lower Jaw 39 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Fractures of Nose 40 
 
 Fractures of Ribs . . ; 39 
 
 Fractures of Thigh Bone . . : 39 
 
 Freckles 333 
 
 Freckles, Lemons for 439 
 
 Freezing and Frostbites (See "Chil- 
 blains.") 31, 228 
 
 Frostilla 290 
 
 Frothing at Mouth 3 
 
 Fungus Foot 8 
 
 FuRUNCULOSIS 332 
 
 G 
 
 Gall Bladder, Acute Inflammation of 17;^ 
 
 Gall Bladder, Description of 170 
 
 Gall Bladder, Diseases of 170 
 
 Gall Bladder, Malignant Growths in 174 
 
 Galloping Consumption 72 
 
 Gall Stone Colic 6 
 
 Gall Stones 173, 265 
 
 Gangrene 236 
 
 Gangrenous Sore Mouth 258 
 
 Garlic 326 
 
 Gargling Oil 290 
 
 Gas, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Gastralgia 146 
 
 Gastric Catarrh, Acute 143 
 
 Gastric Ulcer 146 
 
 Gastritis, Acute , . 143 
 
 Gastritis, Chronic 143 
 
 Gauze Handkerchiefs ' 16 
 
 General Directions for Nursing ...... 16 
 
 General Paralysis of Insane 202 
 
 General Paresis 210 
 
 General Meningitis 202 
 
 General Treatment of Heart Disease 134 
 
 Gentian 327 
 
 Genu Valgum 264 
 
 Genu Varum 264 
 
 Genuine White Oil Liniment 290 
 
 German Measles 54, 436 
 
 German Measles Compared with Other 
 
 Diseases 6 
 
 Giles's Iodide of Ammonia Liniment.. 291 
 
 Ginger 327 
 
 Ginseng 32S 
 
 Girls, Our Boys and 383 
 
 Giving Medicines 16 
 
 Gland, Prostrate — Enlarged or In- 
 flamed 363 
 
 Glands, Diseases of Ductlt:ss 136 
 
 Glands, Disease of Supra-Renal 141 
 
 Glands, Vulvo- Vaginal — Inflamma- 
 tion of 369 
 
 Glands, Vulvo- Vaginal — Suppuration 
 
 ^OF ....^ 369 
 
 Glands, Tuberculous 264 
 
 Glands, Lymph — Tuberculosis of 71 
 
 Glands, Neck — ^Tuberculosis of 71 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS r 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
454 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Glanders 88 
 
 Glasses, Eye Strain and 246 
 
 Gleet 259 
 
 Glottis, CEdema 112 
 
 Glottis, Spasm of 1 12 
 
 Glottis, Swelling of 112 
 
 Gluten Water 42 
 
 Going into Society 388 
 
 Goitre 140 
 
 Goitre, Exopthalmic 141 
 
 Gold Cure for Drunkenness 292 
 
 Golden Rod 328 
 
 Golden Seal 328 
 
 Gombault's Caustic Balsam 291 
 
 Gonorrhea 359 
 
 Gonorrheal Rheumatism 362 
 
 Good Samaritan Liniment 291 
 
 Gout 215 
 
 Gout and Rheumatism, Lemons for. . . . 439 
 
 Granular Eyelids 244 
 
 Granum, Imperial 42 
 
 Grave's Disease 141 
 
 Great London Liniment 291 
 
 Green Mountain Salve 291 
 
 Green Sickness 136 
 
 Green Stools 411 
 
 Green's August Flower 292 
 
 Green's Nervura 292 
 
 Growths in Gall Bladder, Malignant 174 
 
 Growths in Mouth and Nose 263 
 
 Growths, Malignant 262 
 
 Growths in Nose 249 
 
 Grip 59 
 
 Gullet, Inflammation of 162 
 
 Gullet, Spasm of 162 
 
 H 
 
 Hjematuria 184 
 
 h/emoptysis 120 
 
 Hair of Patient, To Wash 13 
 
 Hair Tonic, Salt as 438 
 
 Hair Tonics and Restoratives 231 
 
 Hall's Catarrh Cure 292 
 
 Hall's Hair Renewer ,. 293 
 
 Hallucination 209 
 
 Hamburg Tea 292 
 
 Hamlin's Wizard Oil 293 
 
 Hammer Finger and Toe 265 
 
 Handkerchiefs, Gauze 16 
 
 Hands and Face, Chapped 229 
 
 Hands and Feet 3 
 
 Hanson's Magic Corn Cure 293 
 
 Hard and Inflamed Breast 406 
 
 Hard Boiled Eggs 43 
 
 Hardening of Liver 171 
 
 Hardening of Capsule of Liver 171 
 
 Hard Hack 329 
 
 Hare Lip 263 
 
 Harlem Oil 293 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Hartshorn, Poisoning by . . . ., 268 
 
 Hay Fever 108 
 
 Head, Pains and Aches in 4 
 
 Head, Sweating of 419 
 
 Head and Neck, Neuralgia of 191 
 
 Head and Neck, Ringworm on 236 
 
 Headache, 187, 422 
 
 Headache, Bilious Sick 188 
 
 Headache, Catarrhal 190 
 
 Headache, Home Remedies for 190 
 
 Headache, Lemons for , . . . 439 
 
 Headache, Neuralgic 19, 188 
 
 Headache, Nervous 189 
 
 Headache, Sick 187 
 
 HEADACHE IN VARIOUS DIS- 
 EASES 3 
 
 Aching in Eyes 3 
 
 Back Part of Head 3 
 
 Front Part of Head 3 
 
 In Temples 3 
 
 Throbbng 3 
 
 Top and Back of Head 3 
 
 Heart, Arteries and Veins 127 
 
 Heart Disease, Chronic Valvular .... 132 
 Heart Disease, General Treatment of 134 
 
 Heart, Enlargement of 130 
 
 Heart Failure 128 
 
 Heart, Fatty 131 
 
 Heart, Fcetal or Baby 393 
 
 Heart, Pain or Aching Around 4 
 
 Heart, Pain Streaking from 4 
 
 Heart, Palpitation of 129 
 
 HEART TROUBLES 32 
 
 Fast Heart 32 
 
 Palpitation 32 
 
 Weak Heart 32 
 
 Heart and Valves, Description of 127 
 
 Heartburn of Pregnant Women 392 
 
 Heartburn, Salt for 438 
 
 Heat Exhaustion 197 
 
 Heat, Prickly 238, 431 
 
 Heatstroke '. . . . .32, 197 
 
 Hectic Cheeks i 
 
 Heel and Foot, Neuralgia of 192 
 
 Hellebore, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Hemicrania 187 
 
 Hemlc Jk, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Hemlock Tree 329 
 
 Hemorrhage (See " Bleeding from Stom- 
 ach and Lungs.") 33 
 
 Hemorrhage in Labor ' 397 
 
 Hemorrhage, Lemons for . ., 439 
 
 Hemorrhage, Salt for 438 
 
 Hemophylia 137 
 
 Hemorrhoids 168 
 
 Henbane 329 
 
 Henbane, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Herb Department 304 
 
 Herb Remedies (See " Separate Index.") 305 
 Herbs, Gathering and Drying 304 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS I 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 455 
 
 Herbs, How Made into Medicines 304 
 
 Hereditary Chorea 200 
 
 HERNIA 26s 
 
 Irreducible 265 
 
 Reducible 265 
 
 Strangulated 265 
 
 Herpes-Zostek 235 
 
 Hiccough 33 
 
 High Cranberry ■ 330 
 
 Hip Bone and Navel, Pain Between ... 4 
 
 Hip, Fracture of -. 39 
 
 Hip Joint Disease 264 
 
 Hip Joint, Tuberculosis of 264 
 
 History of Insanity 209 
 
 Hives 238, 434 
 
 Hives, Salt for 438 
 
 Hoarseness, Colds and Coughs ... 98 
 
 Hoarseness, Borax for 440 
 
 Hoarseness, Lemons for 439 
 
 Hodgkin's Disease 140 
 
 Holloway's Ointment 294 
 
 Hollyhock 330 
 
 Home Medicine Chest 7 
 
 Homeopathic Medicines for Home Medi- 
 cine Chest 7 
 
 Home Remedies, Uses of 438 
 
 Hop Bitters 294 
 
 Hops 330 
 
 Hordeolum 245 
 
 HoREHOUND 331 
 
 Horse Chestnut 331 
 
 Horseradish 331 
 
 Hostetter's Bitters 293 
 
 How AND When to Make a Person 
 
 Sweat 17 
 
 How to Conceive and Bear Healthy 
 
 Children 390 
 
 How to Make Patient Comfortable in 
 
 Bed 9 
 
 Humerus, Fracture of yj 
 
 Huntington's Chorea 200 
 
 Hunyadi Janos Water 293 
 
 Husband, Choosing a 389 
 
 Hydrocephalus (See " Water on Brain.") 71 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, Poisoning by 267 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, Poisoning by 274 
 
 Hydrophobia 33, 90 
 
 Hyoscyamus, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Hyperemia, Acute 177 
 
 Hypertrophic Cirrhosis 171 
 
 Hysteria 19, i94 
 
 I 
 
 Icterus Neonatorum 174 
 
 Idiocy 210 
 
 Ileo-Colitis of Childhood 163 
 
 Ileum-Colon, Inflammation of 163 
 
 Illusion 209 
 
 Imbecility ,. 210 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Imperial Granum 43 
 
 Impetigo 233 
 
 Incontinence of Urine 186 
 
 Indian Poke, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Indian Remedies 30S 
 
 Indian Turnip 331 
 
 Indigestion and Dyspepsia 143 
 
 Infant, Jaundice of New-born 174 
 
 Infantum, Cholera 157 
 
 INFECTIOUS AND CONTAGIOUS 
 
 DISEASES 45 
 
 Nursing in 15 
 
 Bed Linen, Towels, Etc 15 
 
 Care to be Taken IS 
 
 Dishes 16 
 
 Isolation and Disinfection in 16 
 
 Spitting Cups and Gauze Handker- 
 chiefs 16 
 
 Urine and Feces 16 
 
 nflamed Eyes 242 
 
 nflamed Prostrate Gland 343 
 
 nflammation of Appendix (Appendici- 
 tis) 164 
 
 nflammation of Bile Ducts 171 
 
 nflammation op Bladder 185 
 
 nflammation of intestines or bowels 162 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF EaR 248 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF EYELIDS 242 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF FaLLOPIAN. TuBES .... 381 
 
 NFLAMMATfoN OF GaLL BlADDER, AcUTE I73 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF GuLLET 162 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF IlEUM-COLON 163 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF IrIS I 244 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF KiDNEYS 178 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF LaRYNX Ill 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF LiVER I70 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF LUNGS 117 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF MiDDLE EaR 264 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF OvARIES 382 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF PANCREAS 174 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF PERITONEUM l6s 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF PlEURA 121 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF SmALL INTESTINES ... 162 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF StOMACH I43 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF VaGINA 373 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF VuLVA 369 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF VuLVO-VaGINAL 
 
 Glands 369 
 
 nflammation of womb, acute 379 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF WOMB, ChRONIC 380 
 
 NFLAMMATORY RHEUMATISM, AcUTE ... 6S 
 NFLAMMATORY RHEUMATISM (Nursing) 18 
 
 NFLAMMATIONS I7 
 
 NFLUENZA 59 
 
 NFUsioNS, Teas or 304 
 
 NGROWING Toe Nails 237 ' 
 
 NHERITED INSANITY 209 
 
 NjECTiONS (See " Internal Baths.") .... 14 
 
 NKY OR Bluish Lips and Tongue i 
 
 NSANE, General Paralysis of 202 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 
 
45'^ 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 INSANITY 208 
 
 Acquired 209 
 
 Classification of 209 
 
 Definitions of 209 
 
 Delusion 209 
 
 Dementia 210 
 
 General Paresis 210 
 
 Hallucination 209 
 
 History of 209 
 
 Idiocy 210 
 
 Illusion 209 
 
 Imbecility 210 
 
 Inherited 209 
 
 Mania 210 
 
 Melancholia 209 
 
 Paranoia 210 
 
 Insects, Bites and Stings of 21 
 
 Insipidus, Diabetes 217 
 
 Insomnia 196 
 
 Insufficiency, Pulmonary 134 
 
 Intercostal Neuralgia 191 
 
 Intermittent Fever 65 
 
 Internal Antiseptic, Salt as 438 
 
 Internal Baths 14 
 
 Internal or Bleeding Piles 167 
 
 Intertrigo , 233 
 
 Intestinal Obstruction 165 
 
 Intestines, Diseases of 143 
 
 Intestines, Inflammation of 162 
 
 Intussusception 165 
 
 Iodine, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Iritis 244 
 
 Iris, Inflammation of 244 
 
 Ironwood 332 
 
 ISCHIO-RECTAL AbSCESS 167 
 
 Isolation or Thermic Fever 197 
 
 IsoLATio:^ in Contagious Diseases 16 
 
 Itch 234 
 
 Itch, Barber's 23^ 
 
 Itching Piles 168 
 
 Itching of Vulva 370 
 
 Ivy Poisoning 230, 272 
 
 J 
 
 Jaundice 171 
 
 Jaundice, Chronic 173 
 
 Jaundice, Lemons for 439 
 
 Jaundice of New-born Infant 174 
 
 Jaw, Dislocation of 40 
 
 Jaw, Fracture of Lower 39 
 
 Jaw, Locked 87 
 
 Jaw, Lump 88 
 
 Jayne's Expectorant 294 
 
 Jelly, Barley 41, 42 
 
 Jelly, Oat 42 
 
 Jelly, Rice 42 
 
 Jelly, Wheat 42 
 
 Joint Diseases 264 
 
 Joint Disease, Hip 264 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Joint, Tuberculosis of Hip 264 
 
 Joint, Tuberculosis of Knee 264 
 
 Joints, Pains and Aches in s 
 
 Joints and Spine, Tuberculosis of 73 
 
 Juice, Beef 41 
 
 Juniper '. 332 
 
 Junkets 41 
 
 K 
 
 Keeley Cure 294 
 
 Kendall's Spavin Cure 294 
 
 Kennedy's Medical Discovery 295 
 
 KEROSENE OIL, USES OF 439 
 
 Colds 440 
 
 Croup 440 
 
 Dandruff 440 
 
 Diphtheria 440 
 
 Lice 440 
 
 Poisoning 440 
 
 Quinsy 440 
 
 Rheumatism 439 
 
 Sore Lungs 440 
 
 Toothache 440 
 
 KicKAPoo Indian Oil 295 
 
 Kidney, Abscess of 181 
 
 Kidney Colic Compared with Other 
 
 Diseases 6 
 
 Kidneys and Bladder, Diseases of 176 
 
 Kidneys and Bladder, Home Remedies 
 
 FOR 182 
 
 Kidneys, Bladder and Urine 391 
 
 Kidneys, Chronic Congestion of 177 
 
 Kidneys, Congestion of 177 
 
 Kidneys, Inflammation of 178 
 
 Kidneys, Pains Running from 4 
 
 Kidneys, Stone in 180 
 
 King's New Discovery 294 
 
 Knee Joint, Tuberculosis of 264 
 
 Knee, Pain in 5 
 
 Knock Knees 264 
 
 Kohler's One Night Corn Cure 294 
 
 L 
 
 LABOR 393 
 
 Breech Presentation 394 
 
 Caution 397 
 
 Delivery of Afterbirth or Placenta... 396 
 
 Delivery of Child 396 
 
 Diseases Attending and Following 397 
 
 Dressing and Tying Cord 396 
 
 Duration of 394 
 
 First Stage of 394 
 
 Hemorrhage or Bleeding 397 
 
 Pains 394 
 
 Premature (See "Abortion.") 400 
 
 Preparations for 393 
 
 Presentation 394 
 
 Laceration of Neck of Womb 377 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 457 
 
 Lady's Slipper 332 
 
 La Grippe 59 
 
 Landry's Paralysis 204 
 
 Laryngitis, Acute Catarrhal iii 
 
 Laryngeal Diphtheria (See "Diph- 
 theria.") 45 
 
 Laryngitis, (Edematous 112 
 
 Laryngitis, Spasmodic 108, 112 
 
 Larynx, Inflammation of iii 
 
 Lateral Sclerosis 204 
 
 Later Symptoms of Pregnancy 393 
 
 Laudanum, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Laurel 333 
 
 Laxative Bromo-Quinine Tablets 29s 
 
 Lead, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Lead, Sugar of — Poisoning by 272 
 
 Leg, Milk 398 
 
 Legs, Pains and Aches in S 
 
 Legs and Feet, Bloating of 2 
 
 Lemon 333 
 
 LEMONS, USES OF 439 
 
 Antidote 439 
 
 Asthma 439 
 
 Biliousness 439 
 
 Colds 439 
 
 Corns 439 
 
 Coughs and Hoarseness 439 
 
 Erysipelas 439 
 
 Fevers 439 
 
 Headache 439 
 
 Hemorrhage 439 
 
 Jaundice 439 
 
 Rheumatism and Gout 439 
 
 Scurvy 439 
 
 Sore Throat and Diphtheria 439 
 
 Syphilis 439 
 
 Tan and Freckles 439 
 
 Vomiting 439 
 
 Leprosy 89 
 
 Lettuce 333 
 
 Leucobrhea 371 
 
 Leukemia 137 
 
 Lice 241 
 
 Lice, Body 241 
 
 Lice, Kerosene for 440 
 
 Lifting and Carrying Patient 10 
 
 Lily of the Valley 334 
 
 Lime Water 42 
 
 Lime Water in Milk 408, 409 
 
 Lime, Chloride of (Disinfectant) 12 
 
 LINIMENTS 27s, 30S 
 
 Arthritic 279 
 
 Asthma 279 
 
 Asthma and Pneumonia 280 
 
 British Oil 278 
 
 Camphor _. 275 
 
 Camphor and Onion 278 
 
 Camphorated 277 
 
 Cayenne 278 
 
 Chloroform 276 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES . . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 LimUEViTS— Continued. 
 
 Compound Camphor 277 
 
 Cook's Electric Magnetic 277 
 
 Cramp 278 
 
 Cure-AU 276 
 
 Diuretic for Kidney and Bladder Trou- 
 bles 278 
 
 Dr. Raymond's 276 
 
 Dr. Ritter's 279 
 
 Dr. White's 278 
 
 Dr. Vicker's Celebrated Embrocation. 279 
 
 Electric 279. 
 
 For Bums 278 
 
 For Colds and Neuralgia 279 
 
 For Ladies 278 
 
 For Man or Beast 275 
 
 For Old Sores 276 
 
 For Spinal Affections 277 
 
 Four Oil 279 
 
 German 276 
 
 German Rheumatic Fluid 276 
 
 Giles's 276 
 
 Golden Oil for Rheumatism 275 
 
 Golden Oil or Strong Camphor 278 
 
 Good Samaritan 276 
 
 Great London 277 
 
 Gum 277 
 
 Hamlin's Wizard Oil 275 
 
 Hartshorn 278 
 
 Iodine and Ammonia 275 
 
 Kerosene 277 
 
 Lightning 276 
 
 Lime and Oil 277 
 
 Lobelia and Cayenne 277 
 
 Magnetic 279 
 
 Mexican Mustang 278 
 
 Mustang_ 275 
 
 Nerve Liniment and Pain Killer 280 
 
 Nye's 277 
 
 Oil of Gladness 27s 
 
 Oriental Balm 275 
 
 Perry Davis's Pain Killer 275 
 
 Pleurisy 280 
 
 Radway's Ready Relief (R. R, R.) . . . . 276 
 
 Saltpeter 275 
 
 Simple _ 279 
 
 Soap Liniment with Soap 277 
 
 Soap Liniment vyith Spanish Flies . . . 277 
 
 Soap Liniment without Soap 277 
 
 Solon Day's 279 
 
 St. Jacob's Oil 278 
 
 St. John's 277 
 
 The Best 276 
 
 Vinegar and Camphor 278 
 
 Whooping Cough 279 
 
 Lip, Cancer of 262 
 
 Lip, Hare 263 
 
 Lips and Tongue, Bluish or Inky i 
 
 LlTHURIA 184 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 3 
 
458 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 LIVER, DISEASES OF 170 
 
 Abscess of 170 
 
 Acute Yellow Atrophy of 171 
 
 Amyloid 171 
 
 Cancer of 171 
 
 Cirrhosis of 171 
 
 Cirrhosis or Hardening of Cafisule of 171 
 
 Congestion of 174 
 
 Enlargement and Hardening of 171 
 
 Inflammation of 170 
 
 Tuberculosis of Ti 
 
 Tumors of 171 
 
 Liver, Description and Location of ... 170 
 
 Liver and Ribs, Pain Under 4 
 
 Liver Spots 238 
 
 Liverwort 334 
 
 Lobelia 334 
 
 Local Tuberculosis 71 
 
 Location and Description of Gall 
 
 Bladder 170 
 
 Location and Description of Pancreas 170 
 
 Lockjaw 87 
 
 Locomotor Ataxia 202 
 
 Loss OF Speech 201 
 
 Loss OF Voice 201 
 
 Lower Jaw, Fracture of 39 
 
 Lues 361 
 
 Lumbago 18, 214 
 
 Lump Jaw 88 
 
 Lunar Caustic, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Lung Fever 117 
 
 Lungs, Bleeding from 120 
 
 Lungs, Inflammation of 117 
 
 Lungs, Kerosene for Sore 440 
 
 Lungs, Pains or Aches in 4 
 
 Lungs, Pneumonic Tuberculosis of . . 72 
 
 Lungs, Salt for Bleeding from 438 
 
 Lungs, Ulcerative Tuberculosis of . . . 73 
 Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound 29s 
 
 Lye, Poisoning by i 268 
 
 Lymph Glands, Tuberculosis of fi 
 
 Lyon's Kathairon 295 
 
 M 
 
 Madam Ruepert's Face Bleach 296 
 
 Magnetic Liniment 296 
 
 Making Preparation for the Baby... 415 
 
 MALARIAL FEVERS 85 
 
 Intermittent or Ague 8s 
 
 Pernicious 83 
 
 Relapsing 85 
 
 Remittent 85 
 
 Malignant Growths 262; 
 
 Malignant Growths in Gall Bladder. 174 
 
 Malta Fever 88 
 
 Malvina Cream 296 
 
 Malvina Lotion 296 
 
 Mandrake 33S 
 
 Mania 210 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Mania a Potu 207 
 
 Marigold '. 335 
 
 Married Women, Chapter for 389 
 
 Marry, Who Should Not 389 
 
 Mash A Fever . ; 88 
 
 Mastoid Disease 248, 264 
 
 Matches, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Measles 19, 52, 43s 
 
 Measles Compared with Other Diseases 6 
 
 'Measles, German 54, 436 
 
 Measures and Weights for Medicines 9 
 
 Meat Pulp 41 
 
 Medicine Chest, What It Should Con- 
 tain 7 
 
 Medicine, Doses of for Various Ages . . 8 
 Medicines, Allopathic — For Home 
 
 Medicine Chest 7 
 
 Medicines,- Allopathic — External 7 
 
 Medicines, Allopathic — Internal 7 
 
 Medicin£s, Allopathic — For Poisoning 7 
 Medicines, Homeopathic — For Home 
 
 Medicine Chest 7 
 
 Medicines, How Herbs are Made into. 304 
 
 Medicines, Patent 286 
 
 Mepicines, Tables of Weights and ' 
 
 Measures for , 9 
 
 Medicines, The Giving of 16 
 
 Medicines for Tuberculosis 75 
 
 Melancholia 209 
 
 Mellitus, Diabetes 216 
 
 Membranes of Brain, Tumors of 201 
 
 Membranous Croup 45, 108, 431 
 
 Men, a Chapter for 359 
 
 Meningitis, Basilar 71 
 
 Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal 61 
 
 . Meningitis, General 202 
 
 Meningitis, Spinal 204 
 
 Meningitis, Tubercular 71 
 
 Menorrhagia 366 
 
 Menses, Absence of 364 
 
 Menses, Acute Suppression of 365 
 
 Menses, Cessation or Stopping of 391 
 
 Menstrual Flow, Excessive 366 
 
 'Menstruation, Disorders of 364 
 
 Menstruation, Painful and Difficult 367 
 
 Menstruation, Scanty 366 
 
 Mercury, Poisoning by Bichloride of.. 270 
 
 Metrorrhagia 268 
 
 Mexican Mustang Liniment 296 
 
 Micajah's Medicated Uterine Wafers. 296 
 
 Middle Ear, Inflammation of 264 
 
 Migraine 187 
 
 Miliary Tuberculosis, Acute 70 
 
 Milk, Boiled 408 
 
 Milk, Condensed 410 
 
 Milk, Cow's 409, 410 
 
 Milk Crust (See "Eczema.") 233,433 
 
 Milk, Fats and Proteids in 408, 412 
 
 Milk, Human 407 
 
 Milk, Increasing Supply of 405 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS 1 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 459 
 
 Milk Leg : 398 
 
 Milk, Lime Water in 408, 409 
 
 Milk, Pasteurized 408 
 
 Milk, Peptonized 409 
 
 Milk, Skimmed 412 
 
 Milk, Soda in 409 
 
 Milk, Sterilized 408 
 
 Milk, Top 408 
 
 Milk Weed ■ . 336 
 
 Miscarriage (See " Abortion.") 400 
 
 Mitral Stenosis 134 
 
 Mitral Valve Incompetency 133 
 
 Mixture, Cream and Rice 43 
 
 Moles and Birthmarks 431 
 
 Monkshood 268 
 
 Morbilli 52 
 
 Morbus, Cholera 158 
 
 Morbus Coxaeius 264 
 
 Morning Sickness 391 
 
 Morphine, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Mortification 236 
 
 Mother and Her Baby, All About the 
 
 (See " Separate Index.") 403 
 
 Motherwort 336 
 
 Mouth and Nose, Growths in 263 
 
 Mouth and Teeth, Cleansing 11 
 
 MOUTH, DISEASES OF 256 
 
 Bad Breath 260 
 
 Bleeding from 4 
 
 Cancrum Oris 258 
 
 Cancers and Ulcers 256 
 
 Gangrenous Sore i 258 
 
 Noma 258 
 
 Nursing Sore 259 
 
 Sore 256, 425 
 
 Stomatitis 256 
 
 Teething 260 
 
 Thrush 259 
 
 Toothache 259 
 
 Mouth, Frothing at 3 
 
 Mouth Wash 12 
 
 Mouth Wash, Salt as 438 
 
 Mullein 336 
 
 Multiple Neuritis 206 
 
 Mumps 54 
 
 Muriatic Acid, Poisoning by 267 
 
 Muscles of Back, Pain in S 
 
 Muscles of Chest, Pain in 4 
 
 Muscular Rheumatism 214 
 
 Mushrooms, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Mustard , 337 
 
 Mustard Foot Baths 14 
 
 Mutton Broth 41 
 
 Mycetoma 88 
 
 Myelitis, Acute Anterior Polio 203 
 
 Myelitis, Chronic Anterior Polio 203 
 
 Myelitis, Transverse 204 
 
 Myxedema 141 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 N 
 
 Nasal Catarrh, Chronic 106 
 
 Nausea 147 
 
 Nausea and Vomiting 391 
 
 Navel and Hip Bone, Pain Between. . . 4 
 
 Navel, Bleeding from 419 
 
 Neck, Aching in Nape of 4 
 
 •Neck and Head, Neuralgia of 191 
 
 Neck and Head, Ringworm of 236 
 
 Neck and Shoulder, Neuralgia of 191 
 
 Neck, Continued Stiffness op 4 
 
 Neck Glands, Tuberculosis of 71 
 
 Neck, Stiff 215 
 
 Neonatorum, Icterus 174 
 
 Nephritis, Acute 178 
 
 Nephritis, Chronic 178 
 
 Nephro-Lithiasis 180 
 
 , Nerve and Bone Liniment 297 
 
 Nervous Exhaustion 19S 
 
 Nervous Headache 189 
 
 Nervous Prostration 19 
 
 Nervous System, Diseases of 187 
 
 Nervous Troubles, Neuralgia and 192 
 
 Nettle 337 
 
 Nettle Rash 238, 434 
 
 NEURALGIA 191 
 
 of Face 191 
 
 Tri-Facial 191 
 
 Tic-Douloureux 191 
 
 Spasmodic, of Face 191 
 
 Prosopalgia 191 
 
 of Head and Neck 191 
 
 Cervico-Occipital 191 
 
 of Neck and Shoulder 191 
 
 Cervico-Brachial 191 
 
 Underneath Ribs 191 
 
 Intercostal 191 
 
 of Lower Part of Spine , . . . 192 
 
 Coccydynia 192 
 
 of Heel and Foot 192 
 
 of Stomach 146 
 
 and Headache 19 
 
 and Nervous Troubles, Home Remedies 
 
 for 192 
 
 Salt for 438 
 
 Neuralgic Headache 188 
 
 Neurasthenia 195 
 
 Neuritis 205 
 
 Neuritis, Multiple 206 
 
 Neuritis, Peripheral 206 
 
 Neurosis i3r 
 
 New-born Infant, Jaundice of 174 
 
 Nicotine, Poisoning by 274 
 
 Night Gown, To Change on Patient . . 9 
 
 Nightshade, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Night Sweats 227 
 
 Nipples, Care of 406 
 
 Nipples, Sore 399, 404 
 
 Nipples, Cracked 404 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
460 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Nocturnal Emissions 362 
 
 Noma 258 
 
 Nose, Bleeding from 4, 33 
 
 Nose, Diseases of 249 
 
 Nose, Fracture of '~40 
 
 Nose, Growths in 249 
 
 Nose, Polypi in 249 
 
 Nose, Things in 34 
 
 Nose in Different Diseases 3 
 
 Nose and Eyes, Discharges from 4 
 
 Nose and Mouth, Growths in 263 
 
 Nostras, Cholera ijS 
 
 Nostrils 3 
 
 Nurse, Qualities of a Good i 
 
 Nursing Department I 
 
 Nursing and Feeding 403 
 
 Nursing Infants, Vomiting in 410 
 
 Nursing, Painful 404 
 
 Nursing Sore Mouth 259, 407 
 
 Nursing, Vomiting After 40S 
 
 NURSING VARIOUS DISEASES ... 16 
 
 Appendicitis, Peritonitis, etc.... 18 
 
 Bronchitis or Croup Tent 18 
 
 Bronchitis, Pleurisy and Pneumonia ... 18 
 Contagious and Infectious Diseases ... iS 
 
 Corn Sweat 17 
 
 Dysentery and Diarrhea 19 
 
 Earache 19 
 
 Feeding 16 
 
 Headache and Neuralgia 19 
 
 How and When to Make a Person 
 
 Sweat 17 
 
 Inflammations 17 
 
 Lumbago, Sciatica and Inflammatory^ 
 
 Rheumatism 18 
 
 . Measles 19 
 
 Nervous Prostration and Hysteria ... 19 
 
 Scarlet Fever 19 
 
 Sore Throat , 18 
 
 The Giving of Medicines 16 
 
 . Typhoid Fever 19 
 
 Nux Vomica, Poisoning by 274 
 
 O 
 
 Oak Poisoning 230, 272 
 
 Oat Jelly 42 
 
 Oatmeal Water : 42 
 
 Obesity 216 
 
 Obstruction, Intestinal 165 
 
 CEdema Glottis 112 
 
 CEdematous Laryngitis 112 
 
 Oil of Cedar, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Oil of Gladness 297 
 
 Oil of Joy 297 
 
 Oil of Rue, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Oil of Savin, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Oil of Tansy, Poisoning by 273 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 OINTMENTS 281. 30* 
 
 Carbolic 282 
 
 Catarrh 282 
 
 Elder Flower 282 
 
 For Chilblains and Frostbites 283 
 
 For Itch and Ringworm 282 
 
 For Itch, Scrofulous Ulcers and Scald- 
 head 2§3 
 
 For Itching 282 
 
 For Piles and Skin Diseases 283 
 
 For Shingles and Skin Diseases 283 
 
 For Tumors, Caked Breasts and 
 
 Bruises 282 
 
 Herb and Turpentine . . .'. 282 
 
 Magnetic 282 
 
 Pile 282 
 
 Ringworm 282 
 
 Simple 281 
 
 Spanish Fly 282 
 
 Spermaceti 283 
 
 Sweet Clover 282 
 
 Tar 282 
 
 Tetter 282 
 
 Trask's 282 
 
 Wood Soot 282 
 
 Zinc 282 
 
 Onion 33S 
 
 Operations on Clitoris 265 
 
 Operations 262 
 
 Operations — Deformities, Malignant 
 
 Growths and 262 
 
 Opium, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Orange Blossom 297 
 
 Orchitis (See "Gonorrhea.") 359 
 
 Organs, Description of Respiratory... 95 
 Organs of Circulation, Diseases of... 127 
 
 Oris, Cancrum 258 
 
 Our Boys and Girls 383 
 
 Ovarian Cysts 383 
 
 Ovaries and Tubes, Tumors of 263 
 
 Ovaries, Description of 382 
 
 Ovaries, Diseases of 382 
 
 Ovaries, Inflammation of 382 
 
 Ovaritis 382 
 
 Oxalic Acid, Poisoning by 272 
 
 OxujK of Bismuth, Poisoning by ...... 269 
 
 P 
 Padagea , 215 
 
 PADpiN(3 36 
 
 Page's Liquid Glue 298 
 
 Pain in Abdomen 18 
 
 Pain Abound Heart 4 
 
 Pain Between Navel and Hip Bone... 4 
 
 Pain in Breathing 4 
 
 Pain in Back Part of Thigh and Leg 
 
 TO Foot 5 
 
 Pain in Band Around Abdomen Below 
 
 Waist 4 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS 1 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 461 
 
 Pain in Knee 5 
 
 Pain in Passing Urine S 
 
 Pain in Stomach 4 
 
 Pain in Stomach and Radiating to 
 
 Backbone 4 
 
 Pain on Right Side Under Ribs and 
 
 Liver 4 
 
 Pain Running from Kidney to Bladder 
 
 AND Groin 4 
 
 Pain Under Ribs Near Backbone s 
 
 Pain Under Right Shoulder Blade ... s 
 
 Paine's Celery Compound 299 
 
 Painful Menstruation 367 
 
 Painful Nursing 404 
 
 Pains, Labor , 394 
 
 PAINS AND ACHES, TABLE OF... 4 
 
 In Forehead 4 
 
 Over Eyebrows 4 
 
 In Top Part of Head 4 
 
 In Temples 4 
 
 l^n Nape of Neck 4 
 
 In Lungs , 4 
 
 In Muscles of Chest 4 
 
 Under Edge of Ribs 4 
 
 In Band Around Chest 4 
 
 In Head 4 
 
 In Chest 4 
 
 In Abdomen 4 
 
 In Back S 
 
 In Shoulder S 
 
 In Legs S 
 
 In Joints S 
 
 Palate, Cleft 263 
 
 Palate, Swellinc! or Elongation of . . . 253 
 
 Palpitation op Heart 129 
 
 Palsy, Shaking 205 
 
 Panaratium 223 
 
 Pancreas, Description and Location of 170 
 
 Pancreas, Diseases of 170 
 
 Pancreas, Inflammation of 174 
 
 Pancreatitis 174 
 
 Pang, Breast 131 
 
 Papilloma 371 
 
 Paralysis, Acute Ascending 204 
 
 Paralysis Agitans 203 
 
 Paralysis, Bulbar 203 
 
 Paralysis, Landry's 204 
 
 Paralsis of Insane, General 202 
 
 Paralytica, Dementia 202 
 
 Paranoia 202, 210 
 
 Parasites, Animal — Diseases Due to 239 
 
 Paresis 202 
 
 Paresis, General 210 
 
 Paris Green, PoiSoNing by 268 
 
 Paronychia 223 
 
 Parotitis, Epidemic 54 
 
 Parry's Disease 141 
 
 Parsley 338 
 
 Partridge Berry 338 
 
 Pasteurized Milk 40S 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES ...... 
 
 20 
 
 266 
 
 PATENT MEDICINES 286 
 
 Allen's Lung Balsam 387 
 
 Anti-Fat 286 
 
 Arabian Balsam 287 
 
 Asceptin 387 
 
 Ayer's Cherry Pectpral a86 
 
 Ayer's Hair Vigor 286 
 
 Ayer's Sarsaparilla 286 
 
 Bareel's Indian Liniment 287 
 
 Barker's Bone and Nerve Liniment . . 287 
 
 Bay Rum 288 
 
 Beecham's Pills 287 
 
 " Big G" Injection a88 
 
 Boschee's German Syrup 388 
 
 British Oil 287 
 
 Brown's Bronchial Troches 288 
 
 Bucklen's Arnica Salve 388 
 
 Camphor Ice 289 
 
 Carter's Little Liver Pills a88 
 
 Castoria 389 
 
 Chamberlain's Colic, Cholera and Diar~ 
 
 rhea Remedy 289 
 
 Chamberlain's Relief 389 
 
 Coke Dandruff Cure 3^ 
 
 Cuticura Ointment 389 
 
 Cuticura Resolvent 289 
 
 Egyptian Eye Salve 290 
 
 Ely's Cream Salve 390 
 
 Espe/s Cream 390 
 
 Frostilla 290 
 
 Gargling Oil 390 
 
 Genuine White Oil Liniment 290 
 
 Giles's Iodide of Ammonia Liniment.. 391 
 
 Gold Cure for Drunkenness 392 
 
 Gombault's Caustic Balsam 391 
 
 Good Samaritan Liniment 291 
 
 Great London Liniment 291 
 
 Green Mountain Salve 291 
 
 Greene's Nervura 292 
 
 Green's August Flower 292 
 
 Hall's Catarrh Cure 293 
 
 Hall's Hair Renewer 293 
 
 Hamburg Tea 392 
 
 Hamlin's Wizard Oil 393 
 
 Hanson's Magic Corn Cure 293 
 
 Harlem Oil 293 
 
 HoUoway's Ointment 294 
 
 Hop Bitters 294 
 
 Hostetter's Bitters 293 
 
 Hunyadi Janos Water 293 
 
 Jayne's Expectorant 294 
 
 Keeley Cure (See "Gold Cure.") .... 292 
 
 Kendall's Spavin Cure 294 
 
 Kennedy's Medical Discovery 295 
 
 Kickapoo Indian Oil 29s 
 
 King's New Discovery 294 
 
 Kohler's One Night Corn Cure 294 
 
 Laxative Bromo-Quinine Tablets .... 29s 
 
 Liniment for Man and Beast 293 
 
 Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound 29s 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS t 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
462 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S -HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 PATENT MEDlCmES— Continued. 
 
 Lyon's Kathairon 29s 
 
 Madam Rupert's Face Bleach 296 
 
 Magnetic Liniment 296 
 
 Malvina Cream 296 
 
 Malyina Lotion 296 
 
 Mexican Mustang Liniment 296 
 
 Micajah's Medicated Uterine Wafers. 296 
 
 Nerve and Bone Liniment 297 
 
 Oil of Gladness 297 
 
 Oil of Joy 297 
 
 Orange Blossom 297 
 
 Page's Liquid Glue 298 
 
 Paine's Celery Compound 299 
 
 Perry Davis's Pain Killer 298 
 
 Peruna 298 
 
 Pettit's Eye Salve 297 
 
 Pierce's Favorite Prescription 298 
 
 Pink Pills for Pale People 298 
 
 Piso's Cure for Consumption 299 
 
 Radwa/s Pills 299 
 
 Radwa/s Ready Relief 299 
 
 Royal Catarrh Cure 299 
 
 Sage's Catarrh Remedy 301 
 
 Seidlitz Powders 300 
 
 Seven Barks '. 300 
 
 Seven Sutherland Sisters' Hair Grower 301 
 
 Shiloh's Consumption Cure 300 
 
 Skinner's Dandruff Mixture 300 
 
 Smith Bros. Cough Drops 302 
 
 St. Jacob's Oil 301 
 
 St. John's Liniment 301 
 
 " Sun " Cholera Cure 300 
 
 Swift's Syphilitic Specific 302 
 
 Syrup of Figs 301 
 
 Thompson's Eye Water 302 
 
 Trask's Magnetic Ointment 302 
 
 Van Buskirk's Fragrant Sozodont 302 
 
 Warner's Safe Cure 303 
 
 Wherrell Treatment (See "Gold 
 
 Cure.") 292 
 
 PATIENT, HOW TO MAKE COM- 
 FORTABLE IN BED 9 
 
 Bed Pan and How to Use It 11 
 
 Changing Night Gown , 9 
 
 How to Move from One Bed to An- 
 other 10 
 
 Prevention and Care of Bed Sores 11 
 
 To Cleanse the Mouth and Teeth 11 
 
 To Change Under Sheet 10 
 
 To Draw Up in Bed 10 
 
 To Lift and Carry when Sitting 10 
 
 To Place in Chair 11 
 
 To Set Up in Bed 11 
 
 Patient — Temperature, Pulse and Res- 
 piration OP 15 
 
 Patient, To Wash Hair of 13 
 
 Peach Tree 339 
 
 Pectoris, Angina 131 
 
 Pemphigus 237 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.. 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Pennyroyal 339 
 
 Peppermint 339 
 
 Peptonized Milk 409 
 
 Pericarditis 131 
 
 Pericardium, Tuberculosis of 72 
 
 Peripheral Neuritis 206 
 
 Peritoneum, Inflammation of 165 
 
 Peritoneum, Tuberculosis of 72 
 
 Peritonitis, Acute 165 
 
 Peritonitis, Directions for Nursing... 18 
 
 Pernicious Anemia 137 
 
 Pernicious Fever 85 
 
 Perry Davis's Pain Killer 298 
 
 Pertussis 96 
 
 Peruna 298 
 
 Pettit's Eye Salve 297 
 
 Pharyngitis 254 
 
 Pharyngitis, Chronic , 256 
 
 Phlegmasia Alba Doleus 398 
 
 Phosphorus, Poisoning by 237 
 
 Physician's Signs and Abbreviations. g 
 
 Pierce's Favorite Prescription 298 
 
 Piles 264 
 
 Piles, Blind 167 
 
 Piles, External 167 
 
 Piles, Home Remedies for 168 
 
 Piles in. Pregnant Women 392 
 
 Piles, Internal or Bleeding 167 
 
 Piles, Itching - 168 
 
 Pimples 232 
 
 Pin Worms 239 
 
 Pink Pills for Pale People 298 
 
 Pink Root 340 
 
 Piso's Cure foe Consumption 299 
 
 Placenta, Delivery of 396 
 
 Plague, Bubonic 82 
 
 Plan of Circulation 127 
 
 Plantain 34a 
 
 Pleura, Infi,ammation of 121 
 
 Pleura, Tuberculosis of 72 
 
 Pleurisy 18, I2i 
 
 Pleurisy Root 340 
 
 Plumbum, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Pneumonia 18, 117 
 
 PneuiAonia, Broncho 116 
 
 Pneumonic Tuberculosis of Lungs.... 72 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Acetic Acid 267 
 
 Aconite i 268 
 
 Alcohol 268 
 
 Ammonia Water 268 
 
 Antimony 268 
 
 Arsenate of Copper 268 
 
 Arsenic 268 
 
 Arsenious Acid '. 268 
 
 Atropia 269 
 
 Atropine 269 
 
 Belladonna 269 
 
 Bichloride of Mercury 270 
 
 Bismuth Oxide 269 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 463 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES— Co n- 
 tinued. 
 
 Bismuth Subnit'rate 269 
 
 Black Hellebore 271 
 
 Bluestone 269 
 
 Blue Vitriol 269 
 
 Camphor '. 270 
 
 Cantharides 269 
 
 Cartharis 269 
 
 Carbolic Acid 269 
 
 Caustic Potash 268 
 
 Chloral Hydrate 270 
 
 Cobalt 270 
 
 Codeine 273 
 
 Coniura 271 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 270 
 
 Creosote 269 
 
 Deadly Nightshade 269 
 
 Digitalis 270 
 
 Fly Poison 270 
 
 Foods (Cheese, Meats and Canned 
 
 Goods) 271 
 
 Fool's Parsley 271 
 
 Fowler's Solution of Arsenic 268 
 
 Foxglove 270 
 
 Gas (Illuminating, Fuel or Coal) 271 
 
 Hellebore 271 
 
 Hemlock 271 
 
 Henbane 271 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 267 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid 274 
 
 Hyoscyamus , 271 
 
 Iodine 272 
 
 Indian Poke 271 
 
 Ivy 230, 272 
 
 Laudanum 273 
 
 Lead 272 
 
 Lunar Caustic 272 
 
 Lye 268 
 
 Matches 273 
 
 Monkshood 268 
 
 Morphine 273 
 
 Muriatic Acid 267 
 
 Mushrooms or Toadstools 272 
 
 Nicotine 274 
 
 Nitrate of Silver 272 
 
 Nitric Acid 267 
 
 Nux Vomica 274 
 
 Oak 272 
 
 Oil of Cedar 273 
 
 Oil of Rue 273 
 
 Oil of Savin 2t^ 
 
 Oil of Tansy 273 
 
 Opium 273 
 
 Oxalic Acid , 272 
 
 Paris Green 268 
 
 Phosphorus 273 
 
 Plumbum 272 
 
 Prussic Acid 274 
 
 Rat Poison 272 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMER KNCIES.. 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES— Co«- 
 tinued. 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendron 272 
 
 Rough on Rats 268 
 
 Sabina 273 
 
 Spanish Flies 269 
 
 Spirits of Hartshorn 268 
 
 Stramonium 274 
 
 Strychnine 274 
 
 Sugar of Lead 272 
 
 Sulphate of Copper 269 
 
 Sulphuric Acid 267 
 
 Sumacjh Berries 272 
 
 Swamp Hellebore 271 
 
 Tartar Emetic 268 
 
 Thorn Apple 274 
 
 Tobacco 274 
 
 Wolfsbane 268 
 
 Verdigris 269 
 
 Poisoning 35, 266 
 
 PoisoNiNq, Acid or Coreosive 266 
 
 Poisoning, Blood 81 
 
 Poisoning, Kerosene for 440 
 
 Poisoning, Oak (See "Ivy Poisoning.") 230 
 
 Poke Root 340 
 
 Poke, Indian — Poisoning by 271 
 
 Polio Myelitis, Acute Anterior 203 
 
 Polio Myelitis, Chronic Anterior 203 
 
 Polyneuritis 206 
 
 Polypi 249 
 
 Posterior Spinal Sclerosis 202 
 
 Potash, Caustic— Poisoning by 268 
 
 POULTICES 283 
 
 Bran 284 
 
 Charcoal 283 
 
 Corn Meal 284 
 
 Cranberry 284 
 
 Flaxseed 284 
 
 For Offensive Ulcers 284 
 
 Hop 284 
 
 Lobelia 283 
 
 Mullein 284 
 
 Poke Root 284 
 
 Slippery Elm 283 
 
 Soothing . 283 
 
 Spice 284 
 
 Stimulating 283 
 
 Thorn Apple 284 
 
 Yeast 284 
 
 Powder and Paste, Tooth 261 
 
 Powders 28s, 304 
 
 Pregnancy 390 
 
 Pregnancy, Dropsy During 397 
 
 Pregnancy, Signs and Symptoms of... 391 
 Pregnancy and Labor, Diseases At- 
 tending AND Following 397 
 
 Pregnant Women, Dyspepsia of 392 
 
 Pregnant Women, Heartburn of 392 
 
 Pregnant Women, Piles in 392 
 
 Pregnant Women, Sour Stomach of . . 392 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES S 
 
464 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Prematube Labor (See "Abortion.").. 400 
 
 Preparation for the Baby 415 
 
 Presentation 394 
 
 Presentation, Breech 394 
 
 Prevention and Care of Bed Sores 11 
 
 Prevention of Disease 43 
 
 Prevention of G)Nception 389 
 
 Prickly Ash 341 
 
 Prickly Heat 238, 431 
 
 Primary or Essential Anemia 136 
 
 Prolapsus Ani 166 
 
 Prolapsus Uteri 374 
 
 Prosopalgia 191 
 
 Prostrate Gland, Enlarged or Inflamed 363 
 
 Prostration, Nervous 19 
 
 Proteids and Fats in Milk 408, 412 
 
 Pruritis Vulva ' 370 
 
 Prussic Acid, Poisoning by 274 
 
 PsEUDO Croup 108 
 
 Psoriasis 237 
 
 Pterygium 245 
 
 Puerperal Fever or Infection 398 
 
 Pulmonary Insufficiency 134 
 
 Pulmonary Valve Disease 134 
 
 Pulp, Meat 41 
 
 Pulse Rate of Baby 417 
 
 Pulse, Temperature and Respiration of 
 
 Patient 15 
 
 Pumpkin Seed 341 
 
 Pupils of Eyes 3 
 
 Purgative, Salt as 438 
 
 Purifiers, Blood " 137 
 
 Purpura 137 
 
 Pyelitis 181 
 
 Pyleo-Nephritis 181 
 
 Pyemia 81 
 
 Q 
 
 Qualities of a Good Nurse I 
 
 Queen of the Meadow 342 
 
 Queen's , Delight 342 
 
 Quickening 392 
 
 Quinsy 250, 440 
 
 Quinsy Compared with Other Diseases 5 
 
 R 
 
 Rabies (Hydrophobia) go 
 
 Radway's Pills 299 
 
 Radway's Ready Relief 299 
 
 Rash, Blotchy and Muddy 1 
 
 Rash, Scarlet Color i 
 
 Rash, Scattered Raised Spots with 
 
 Whitish Pimples I 
 
 Rash, Spots Containing Water and 
 
 Pus I 
 
 Rash, Nettle 434 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Rash, Scarlet 48 
 
 Rash, Stomach or Tooth 434 
 
 Rat Poison, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Rectum, Bleeding from 4 
 
 Rectum, Tumors of 167 
 
 Red Cheek, Single i 
 
 Red Clover 343 
 
 Red or Hectic Cheeks i 
 
 Red Raspberry 314 
 
 Regurgitation 131 
 
 Relapsing Fever 85 
 
 Remedies, Herb 305 
 
 Remedies, Uses of Simple Home 438 
 
 Remittent Fever 85 
 
 Renal Calculus 180 
 
 Renal Colic Compared with Other 
 
 Diseases • 6 
 
 Respiration, Temperature and Pulse of 
 
 Patient ,. 15 
 
 Respirations of Baby 417 
 
 Respiratory Organs, Description of... 95 
 
 Restless Baby 418 
 
 Restoratives, Hair 231 
 
 Retention of Urine 183 
 
 Retroflexion of Womb 376 
 
 Retroversion of Womb 376 
 
 Rheumatism 436 
 
 Rheumatism, Acute Articular 65 
 
 Rheumatism, Acute Inflammatory 1^ 65 
 
 Rheumatism, Chronic 211 
 
 Rheumatism, Gonorrheal 362 
 
 Rheumatism, Home Remedies foe .... 211 
 
 Rheumatism, Kerosene for 439 
 
 Rheumatism, Muscular 214 
 
 Rheumatism, Sciatic 197 
 
 Rheumatism and Gout, Lemons for.. 439 
 
 Rheumatic Fever, Acute 65 
 
 Rhinitis, Chronic 106 
 
 Rhubarb 343 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendron, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Ribs and Liver, Pain Under 4 
 
 Ribs, Fracture of 39 
 
 Ribs, Pain or Aching Under 4, s 
 
 Rice Jelly , 42 
 
 Rice Water 43 
 
 Rice and Cream Mixture 43 
 
 Rickets 437 
 
 Ringworm 236 
 
 Roaches, Borax for 440 
 
 Roseola and Scarlet Fever Compared 6 
 
 Root Parsley 342 
 
 Rotheln 54 
 
 Rough on Rats, Poisoning by 268 
 
 Round Worms 240 
 
 Royal Catarrh Cure 299 
 
 Rubella 54 
 
 Rubeola , 52 
 
 Rue, Poisoning by Oil of 273 
 
 Run- around 223 
 
 Rupture 265 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 465 
 
 Sabina, Poisoning by 273 
 
 Saffron 343 
 
 Sage 344 
 
 Sage's Catarrh Remedy 301 
 
 Salpingitis 381 
 
 SALT, USES OF 438 
 
 Ague 43B 
 
 Antidote 438 
 
 Catarrh 436 
 
 Cholerd Morbus 438 
 
 Colic 438 
 
 Croup 438 
 
 Diarrhea and Dysentery 438 
 
 Dyspepsia and Stomach Trouble 438 
 
 Eye Wash 438 
 
 For Bath 438 
 
 Hair Tonic 438 
 
 Heartburn 438 
 
 Hemorrhage or Bleeding from Stomach 
 
 or Lungs 438 
 
 Hives 438 
 
 Mouth Wash 438 
 
 Neuralgia, Toothache, Earache, Etc . . 438 
 
 Sore Throat 439 
 
 Sprains and Swellings 438 
 
 Tonic, Purgative, Internal Antiseptic 
 
 and External Stimulant 438 
 
 Tooth Wash 438 
 
 Worms 438 
 
 Salt Baths 14 
 
 Salt Rheum 233 
 
 SALVES 280 
 
 Black Healing 281 
 
 Carbolic Salve or Balsam 280 
 
 Effectual Corn 280 
 
 Felon 280 
 
 For Abscess, Broken Breasts and 
 
 Fever Sores 280 
 
 For Chaps and Cracks 280 
 
 For Cracks, Wounds and .Pains 280 
 
 For Cuts, Bruises and Corns 280 
 
 For Wounds, Burns and Old Sores . . . 281 
 
 Green Mountain ; Also White 281 
 
 Green Salve or Ointment for Ulcers 
 
 and Old Sores 281 
 
 Gunpowder Salve for Chilblains 280 
 
 Mother's z8o 
 
 Onion 281 
 
 Spice Plaster z8i 
 
 Sarcoma 218 
 
 Sarcomata 218 
 
 Sassafras 344 
 
 Sarsapamlla 344 
 
 Savin, Poisoning by Oil of 273 
 
 Scabies 234 
 
 Scald-Head (See "Eczema and Ring- 
 worm on Head.") 233, 236 
 
 Scalds and Burns 25 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES . . 20 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 30 
 
 Scarlet Fever 19, 47, 436 
 
 Scarlet Fever and Roseola, Comparison 
 
 OF 6 
 
 Scarlet Rash 47 
 
 Scarlatina 47 
 
 Scanty Menstruation 366 
 
 Sciatic Rheumatism 197 
 
 Sciatica 18, 197 
 
 Sclerosis, Arterio 135 
 
 Sclerosis, Lateral 204 
 
 Sclerosis, Posterior Spinal 202 
 
 Scorbutus 142 
 
 Scouring Rush 345 
 
 Scrofula 71 
 
 Scurvy 142 
 
 Scurvy, Lemons for 439 
 
 Seasickness 148 
 
 Seat Worms 239 
 
 Second Stage of Labor 395 
 
 Secondary Anemia 136 
 
 Seidlitz Powders 300 
 
 Seneca Snake Root 345 
 
 Senna 345 
 
 Septicemia St 
 
 Seven Barks 300 
 
 Seven Sutherland Sisters' Hair 
 
 Grower 301 
 
 Shakinc Palsy 20s 
 
 Sheep Sorrel 34S 
 
 Shiloh's Consumption Cure 300 
 
 Shingles 235 
 
 Shock 36 
 
 Shoulder, Dislocation of 40 
 
 ShouldeRj Neuralgia of 191 
 
 Shoulder, Pains and Aches in 5 
 
 Sicii, Foods for the 41 
 
 Sick Headache 187 
 
 Sick Headache, Bilious 188 
 
 Sickness at Stomach 147 
 
 Sickness, General Signs of in Baby. . . 418 
 
 Sickness, Green 136 
 
 Sickness, Morning j 391 
 
 Sickness, Sea 148 
 
 Sick Room, Ventilation and Tempera- 
 ture OF 14 
 
 Side, Stitch in 205 
 
 Sight, Film on 245 
 
 Signs and Abbreviations Used by 
 
 Physicians 9 
 
 Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy ... 391 
 
 Silver, Nitrate of — Poisoning by 272 
 
 Simple Home Remedies, Uses of 438 
 
 Sitz Bath 13 
 
 Skimmed Milk 41Z 
 
 SKIN, COLOR OF IN DISEASES.... i 
 
 Bluish or Inky Lips and Tongue i 
 
 Bronze I 
 
 Greenish White i 
 
 Hectic or Red Cheeks i 
 
 Paleness of i 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
466 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 SKIN, COLOR OF IN DISEASES— 
 
 Continued. 
 
 Purplish 
 
 Sallow Yellow 
 
 Single Red Cheek : 
 
 Waxy Pale 
 
 Whiteness of 
 
 Yellow 
 
 Skin Diseases 218 
 
 Skinner's Dandruff Mixtuhe 300 
 
 Skullcap 346 
 
 Skunk Cabbage 346 
 
 Sleep 388 
 
 Sleepless Baby 418 
 
 Sleeplessness 196 
 
 Small Intestines, Inflammation of.. 162 
 
 Small-pox 56 
 
 Small-pox Compared with Other Dis- 
 eases 6 
 
 Smartweed 346 
 
 Smith Bros.' Cough Drops 302 
 
 Smothering 36 
 
 Snake Head 347 
 
 Society, Going into 388 
 
 Soda Baths 14 
 
 Soda in Milk 409 
 
 Solomon's Seal 347 
 
 Soothing Syrups 418 
 
 Sore Eyes 420 
 
 Sore Lungs, Kerosene for 440 
 
 Sore Mouth 256, 425 
 
 Sore Mouth, Gangrenous 258 
 
 Sore Mouth, Nursing 259 407 
 
 Sore Nipples 399, 404 
 
 Sore Throat 18, 254, 429 
 
 Sore Throat, Chronic 256 
 
 Sore Throat, Lemons for 439 
 
 Soke Throat, Salt for 439 
 
 Sores 35 
 
 Sour Stomach of Pregnant Women... 392 
 
 Spanish Flies, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Spasm of Glottis 112 
 
 Spasm of Gullet 162 
 
 Spasms 35 
 
 Spasmodic Croup 108, 430 
 
 Spasmodic Laryngitis 108, 112 
 
 Spasmodic NEiniALCiA of Face 191 
 
 Spearmint 348 
 
 Speech, Loss of 201 
 
 Spinal Meningitis 204 
 
 Spinal Sclerosis, Posterior 202 
 
 Spine, Neuralgia of Lower Part of... 192 
 
 Spine and Joints, Tuberculosis of 73 
 
 Spirits of Hartshorn, Poisoning by... 268 
 
 Spitting Cups 16 
 
 Spitting Dark Blood 2 
 
 Spitting Frothy Red Blood 2 
 
 Spitting Glairy Mucus 2 
 
 Spleen, Diseases op 140 
 
 Splints 36 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Sponge Baths 13' 
 
 Sporadic Cholera 158 
 
 Spotted Fever r • 61 
 
 Sprains and Swellings, Salt for 438 
 
 Sprains or Strains, Sprained Back 
 
 Etc 35 
 
 Stammering 201 
 
 Stenosis ^. . 131 
 
 Stenosis, Aortic 133 
 
 Stenosis, Mitral 134 
 
 Stenosis, Tricuspid 134 
 
 Sterilized Milk 408 
 
 Stiff Neck 215 
 
 Stimulant, Salt as an External 438 
 
 Stings 36 
 
 Stitch in the Side 205 
 
 Stomach and Bowel Troubles 159 
 
 Stomach and Intestines, Diseases of. 143 
 
 Stomach and Womb, Cancer of 263 
 
 Stomach, Bloating of 2 
 
 Stomach, Cancer of 146, 263 
 
 Stomach, Chronic Catarrh of . .' 143 
 
 Stomach, Inflammation of 143 
 
 Stomach, Neuralgia of 146 
 
 Stomach, Pain in 4 
 
 Stomach, Salt for Bleeding from 438 
 
 Stomach, Sickness at ' 147 
 
 Stomach Troubles, Salt for 438 
 
 Stomach, Ulcer of (See "Gastric Ul- 
 cers.") 146 
 
 Stomach Rash 434 
 
 Stomatitis 256 
 
 Stone in Kidney ' 180 
 
 Stones, Gall 173, 265 
 
 Stools, Bloody and Slimy 3 
 
 Stools, Frequent '. 3 
 
 Stools, Green i 3, 411 
 
 Stools, Infrequent 3 
 
 Stools, Watery 3 
 
 Stools, Toad — Poisoning by 272 
 
 Stopping of Menses 391 
 
 Stramonium, Poisoning by 274 
 
 Strawberry 349 
 
 Stricture 359 
 
 Strychnine, Poisoning by 274 
 
 St. Jacob's Oil 301 
 
 St. John's Liniment 301 
 
 St. John's Wort 348 
 
 St. Vitus' Dance 199 
 
 St. Vitus' Dance, Hereditary 200 
 
 Stye 24s 
 
 SUBNITRATE OF BiSMUTH, PoiSONING BY 269 
 
 Sugar Diabetes 216 
 
 Sugar of Lead, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Sulphate of Copper, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Sulphur Baths 14 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, Poisoning by 267 
 
 " Sun " Cholera Cure 300 
 
 Sunburn and Tan 230 
 
 Sunflower 349 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS I 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 ' 467 
 
 Sunstroke 36, 197 
 
 Sumach 349 
 
 Sumach Berries, Poisoning by 272 
 
 Summary of Feeding Rules 410 
 
 Summer Complaints 148 
 
 Supra-Renal Glands, Disease of 141 
 
 Supplement '. . . 441 
 
 Suppositories 305 
 
 Suppuration of Bile Ducts 173 
 
 Suppuration op Vulvo- Vaginal Glands 369 
 
 Suppression of Menses 365 
 
 Suppression of Urine 183 
 
 Swamp Hellebore, Poisoning by 271 
 
 Swamp Snake Root 350 
 
 Sweat, Corn 17 
 
 Sweat, How and When to Make a 
 
 Person 17 
 
 Sweating of Feet 227 
 
 Sweating of Head 419 
 
 Sweats, Night 227 
 
 Sweet Clover 350 
 
 Sweet Flag 330 
 
 Swelling OF Glottis 112 
 
 Swelling of Palate 253 
 
 Swelling, White 264 
 
 Swellings at Joints 3 
 
 Swellings in Front Part of Neck .... 3 
 Swellings at Side of Jaw in Front of 
 
 Ear 3 
 
 Swellings Under Jaw 3 
 
 Swift's Syphilitic Specific 302 
 
 Sydenham's Chorea 199 
 
 Symptoms of Pregnancy '. 391, 393 
 
 Symptoms, Table of i 
 
 Syphilis .•?6l 
 
 Syphilis, Lemons for 439 
 
 Syrup of Figs 301 
 
 Syrups 304 
 
 System, Diseases of Nervous 187 
 
 T 
 
 Tabes JTesenterica 71 
 
 Tabes Dorsalis 202 
 
 TABr^E of Pains and Aches 4 
 
 Tae/ e of Symptoms i 
 
 Ta.ji.es of Weights and Measures for 
 
 Medicines 9 
 
 Talipes 264 
 
 Ta.n' and Sunburn 230 
 
 Tan Lemons for 439 
 
 Tansy 3So 
 
 Tansy, Poisoning by Oil of 273 
 
 Tapeworm 240 
 
 Tarter Emetic Poisoning by 268 
 
 Tea, Beef 41 
 
 Tea, Flaxseed 43 
 
 Teas or Infusions 304 
 
 Teeth and Mouth of Patient, How to 
 
 Cleanse 11 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Teething 260, 423 
 
 Telescoping of Bowels 165 
 
 Temperature a^d Ventilation of Sick 
 
 Room 14 
 
 Temperature of Baby 417 
 
 Temperature, Pulse and Respiration of 
 
 Patient 15 
 
 Temple, Pain or Aching in 4 
 
 Temples, Aching in 3 
 
 Tent, Bronchitis or Croup 18 
 
 Tetanus 87 
 
 Tetterwort 3SI 
 
 TiC-DOULOUREUX I9I 
 
 Tick Fever 88 
 
 Tinctures 304 
 
 Tinea Capitis 236 
 
 Tinea Circinata 236 
 
 TiNEO Sycosis 234 
 
 Toad Stools, Poisoning by (Mushrooms) 272 
 
 Toast Water 43 
 
 Tobacco 352 
 
 Tobacco, Poisoning by 274 
 
 Toe, Hammer 265 
 
 Toe Nails, Ingrowing 237 
 
 Toes and Fingers, Dislocation of 40 
 
 TONGUE, APPEARANCE OF IN 
 
 DISEASE I 
 
 Bluish or Inky i 
 
 Coated on Back Part i 
 
 Cracked and Red i 
 
 Dry, Red, Dark and Cracked i 
 
 Strawberry i 
 
 Whitish with Thick Coating i 
 
 Yellowish Brown i 
 
 Tongue, Cancer of 262 
 
 Tongue Tie 263, 419 
 
 Tongue, Wooden 88 
 
 ToNTC, Salt as a 438 
 
 Tonics, Hair 231 
 
 Tonsils, Enlarged 253 
 
 ToNsiLiTis 250 
 
 Tonsilitis, Diphtheria and Quinsy 
 
 Compared S 
 
 Tooth Powder 261 
 
 Tooth PowbER, Borax as 440 
 
 Tooth Rash .'.434 
 
 Tooth Wash, Salt as a 438 
 
 Toothache 259 
 
 Toothache, Kerosene for 440 
 
 Toothache, Salt for 438 
 
 Top Milk 408 
 
 ToTicoLLis 215 
 
 Towels, Bed Linen, Etc., Care of 16 
 
 Toxemia 81 
 
 Trachea-Bronchial Glands, Tubercu- 
 losis OF 71 
 
 Trailing Arbutus 352 
 
 Trask's Magnetic Ointment 302 
 
 Treatment of Heart Disease, General 134 
 Treatment of Tuberculosis 73 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
468 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Tremens, Delirium 207 
 
 Tricuspid Stenosis 134 
 
 Tricuspid Valve Disease 134 
 
 Tri-facial Neuralgia 191 
 
 Troubles, Stomach and Bowel 159 
 
 True or Membranous Croup 4s, J<^ 
 
 Thermic or Isolation Fever 197 
 
 Thigh Bone, Fracture of 39 
 
 Thigh, Pain in 5 
 
 Things in Ear 30 
 
 Things in Eye 30 
 
 Things in Nose 34 
 
 Third Stage of Labor 39S 
 
 Thompson's Eye Water 302 
 
 Thorn Apple 351 
 
 Thorn Apple, Poisoning by 274 
 
 Thread Worms 239 
 
 Three-Day Fever 88 
 
 Throat, Red m Back Part 2 
 
 Throat, Whitish-yellow Brown or 
 
 Gray Tonsils 2 
 
 THROAT DISEASES 250 
 
 Chronic Pharyngitis 256 
 
 Chronic Sore Throat 256 
 
 Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids 253 
 
 Quinsy 250 
 
 Sore Throat 2, 18, 254, 429 
 
 Swelling or Elongation of Palate 253 
 
 Things in Throat (See " Choking.") . . 27 
 
 Tonsilitis 250 
 
 Throat, Sore — Lemons for 439 
 
 Throat, Sore — Salt for 439 
 
 Thrush 259 
 
 Thyme 351 
 
 Thyrocele 140 
 
 Tub Bath 13 
 
 Tubercular Meningitis 71 
 
 Tuberculosis 69 
 
 Tuberculosis, Acute ' Miliary 70 
 
 Tuberculosis, Local 71 
 
 TuBERCXiLOSis, Mesenteric 71 
 
 Tuberculosis of Cervical or Neck 
 
 Glands 71 
 
 Tuberculosis of Lymph Glands 71 
 
 Tuberculosis of Trachea-bronchial 
 
 Glands 71 
 
 Tuberculosis, General Treatment of.. 74 
 
 Tuberculosis Patient, Diet for 74 
 
 Tuberculosis, Medicines for 75 
 
 Tuberculosis of Joints and Spine 73 
 
 Tubfrculosis of Knee Joint 264 
 
 Tuberculosis of Liver 73 
 
 Tuberculosis of Lungs, Acute Pneu- 
 monic 72 
 
 Tuberculosis of Lungs, Chronic Ul- 
 cerative 73 
 
 Tuberculosis of Pericardium 72 
 
 Tuberculosis of Peritoneum 72 
 
 TuBERctn-osis of Pleura, Acute 72 
 
 Tuberculosis, Treatment of 73, 74 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Tuberculous Glands 264 
 
 Tubes and Ovaries, Tumors of 263 
 
 Tubes, Fallopian — Description of 381 
 
 Tubes, Fallopian — Diseases of 381 
 
 Tubes, Fallopian — Inflammation of... 381 
 
 Tumors and Cancers 218 
 
 Tumors and Cancers of Breast 263 
 
 Tumors of the Brain and Membranes 201 
 
 Tumors of Liver 171 
 
 Tumors of Ovaries and Tubes 263 
 
 Tumors of Rectum 167 
 
 Tumors of Womb, Fibroid 380 
 
 Turkey Corn 353 
 
 Tying and Dressing Cord 396 
 
 Typhoid Fever 19, 76 
 
 Typhus Fever 80 
 
 U 
 
 Ulcer, Gastric -. 146 
 
 Ulcer of Stomach (See "Gastric Ul- 
 cer") 146 
 
 Ulcerative Tuberculosis of Lungs, 
 
 Chronic 73 
 
 Ulcers , 225 
 
 Ulcers and Cankers 256 
 
 Under Sheet, To Change lo 
 
 Unicorn 353 
 
 Uremia 180 
 
 Urine and Feces 16 
 
 Urine in Pregnancy 391 
 
 Urine, Bloody 184 
 
 Urine, Incontinence of 186 
 
 URINE IN DIFFERENT DISEASES 3 
 
 Bloody 3 
 
 Brick Dust , 3 
 
 Pale 3 
 
 White 3 
 
 Urine, Pain in Passing 5, 419 
 
 Urine, Suppression or Retention of 183 
 
 Urticaria 238, 434 
 
 Uses of Borax 440 
 
 Uses of Kerosene Oil 439 
 
 Uses of Lemons 439 
 
 Uses of Salt 438 
 
 V 
 
 Vaccinate, Should We 59 
 
 Vaccination 58 
 
 Vaccination, Secondary 59 
 
 Vagina, Diseases of 371 
 
 Vagina, Inflammation of 373 
 
 Vaginitis 373 
 
 Valve Disease, Pulmonary 134 
 
 Valve Disease, Tricuspid 134 
 
 Valve Incompetency, Mitral 133 
 
 Valves, Description of the Heart and 127 
 
 Valvular Heart Disease, Chronic 132 
 
 Van Buskirk's Fragrant Sozodont .... 302 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES 8 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 
 
 469 
 
 Vapor, Disinfecting 12 
 
 Varicose Veins 135, 264 
 
 Variola 56 
 
 Varioloid 58 
 
 Various Ages, Doses of Medicine for. . 8 
 
 Varix I3S 
 
 Veal Broth 41 
 
 Veins, Diseases of 127 
 
 Veins, Varicose 135, 264 
 
 Ventilation of Sick Room 14 
 
 Verdigris, Poisoning by 269 
 
 Vertigo 29 
 
 Vitriol, Blue — Poisoning by 269 
 
 Voice, Loss of 201 
 
 Vomiting 147 
 
 Vomiting After Nursing 405 
 
 Vomiting and Nausea (Morning Sick- 
 ness) 391 
 
 Vomiting Coffee Grounds 2 
 
 Vomiting Dark Acid Brown 2 
 
 Vomiting Dark Blood 2 
 
 Vomiting Feces 2 
 
 Vomiting in Nursing Infants 410 
 
 Vomiting, Lemons for 439 
 
 Vomiting, Projectile 2 
 
 Vomiting Red, Frothy Blood 2 
 
 Vomiting, Ways of Producing 266 
 
 Vomiting Yellow or Green Material.. 2 
 
 Vulva, Diseases of 369 
 
 VuLVAy Inflammation of 369 
 
 Vulva, Itching of 370 
 
 Vulva, Warts of 371 
 
 Vulvitis 369 
 
 Vulvo-Vaginal Glands, Inflammation 
 
 of 369 
 
 Vulvo-Vaginal Glands, Suppuration 
 of 369 
 
 W 
 
 Waist, Pain Around and Below 4 
 
 Wardrobe, Baby's 415 
 
 Warner's Safe Cure 303 
 
 Warts 225 
 
 Warts of the Vulva 371 
 
 Washing Hair of Patient 13 
 
 Washing Powder, Borax as 440 
 
 Water, Albumen 42 
 
 Water, Arrowroot 43 
 
 Water, Barley 42 
 
 Water, Egg and Barley 43 
 
 Water, Gluten 42 
 
 Water, Lime 42 
 
 Water, Oatmeal 42 
 
 Water, Rice 43 
 
 Water, Toast 43 
 
 Water on Bratn 71 
 
 Weak Back (See "Lumbago.") 214 
 
 Weak Eyes 242 
 
 Weaning 407. 4ii 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 Weights and Measures 9 
 
 Wens 225 
 
 Wetting, Bed 186 
 
 What the Home Medicine Chest 
 
 Should Contain 7 
 
 Wheals 238 
 
 Wheat Jelly 42 
 
 When and How to Make a Person 
 
 Sweat 17 
 
 Wherkell Treatment (See "Gold 
 
 Cure.") 292 
 
 Whey 41 
 
 Whey and Curds ; . . . 41 
 
 White Oak 353 
 
 White Pond Lily 354 
 
 White Swelling 264 
 
 Whites 371 
 
 Whitlow 223 
 
 Who Should Not Marry : 389 
 
 Whooping Cough 96, 436 
 
 Wild Carrot 354 
 
 Wild Cherry 355 
 
 Wild Ginger 355 
 
 Wild Yam 355 
 
 Wintergreen 356 
 
 Witch Hazel 356 
 
 Wolfsbane, Poisoning by 268 
 
 WOMAN'S DEPARTMENT 364 
 
 Disorders of Menstruation 364 
 
 Absence of Menses 364 
 
 Acute Suppression of Menses During 
 
 Menstrual Period 365 
 
 Excessive Menstrual Flow 366 
 
 Metrorrhagia 368 
 
 Painful and Difficult Menstruation. 367 
 
 Scanty Menstruation 366 
 
 Diseases of the Vulva 369 
 
 Adhesions of Clitoris 371 
 
 Inflammation of Vulva 369 
 
 Inflammation of Vulvo-Vaginal 
 
 Glands 369 
 
 Itching of Vulva 370 
 
 Suppuration of Vulvo-Vaginal 
 
 Glands 369 
 
 Warts of Vulva 371 
 
 Diseases of the Vagina 371 
 
 Inflammation of Vagina 373 
 
 Leucorrhea (Whites) 371 
 
 Diseases of the Womb 374 
 
 Acute Inflammation of Womb 379 
 
 Bending Forward of Womb 375 
 
 Cancer of Cervix or Neck of Womb 378 
 Cervical Catarrh (Acute and 
 
 Chronic) ) 377 
 
 Chronic Inflammation of Womb . . . 380 
 
 Falling of Womb 374 
 
 Fibroid Tumors of Womb 380 
 
 Laceration of Neck of Womb 377 
 
 Retroversion and Retroflexion of 
 
 Womb 376 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS i 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES ........ 8 
 
470 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 WOMAN'S DEPARTMENT— CoM/mM^ii. 
 
 Diseases of the Fallopian Tubes 381 
 
 Inflammation of Fallopian Tubes . . . 381 
 
 Diseases of the Ovaries 382 
 
 Inflammation of Ovaries 382 
 
 Ovarian Cysts 383 
 
 Our Boys and Girls 383 
 
 A Chapter for Young Women 384 
 
 The Baths 387 
 
 Diet ; 387 
 
 The Bowels 387 
 
 Exercise 388 
 
 Sleep 388 
 
 Dress 388 
 
 Going into Society 388 
 
 Choosing a Husband 389 
 
 A Chapter for Married Women 389 
 
 Who Should Not Marry 389 
 
 Abortion and Prevention of Concep- 
 tion 389 
 
 How to Conceive and Bear Healthy 
 
 Children 390 
 
 Pregnancy 390 
 
 Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy.. 391 
 Cessation or Stopping of Menses.. 391 
 
 Changes in the Breasts 391 
 
 The Kidneys, Bladder and Urine. .391 
 Nausea and Vomiting (Morning 
 
 Sickness) 391 
 
 Piles in Pregnant Women 392 
 
 Sour Stomach, Heartburn or Dys- 
 pepsia 392 
 
 Quickening 392 
 
 Cravings 392 
 
 Enlargement of Abdomen 392 
 
 Labor 393 
 
 Preparations for Labor 393 
 
 Presentation 394 
 
 Breech Presentation 394 
 
 Labor Pains 394 
 
 Duration of Labor 394 
 
 The First Stage of Labor 394 
 
 The Second Stage of Labor 395 
 
 The Third Stage of Labor 395 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. . 20 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 266 
 
 WOMAN'S DEPARTMENT— Confmw^rf. 
 
 Delivery of Child 396 
 
 Dressing and Tying the Cord .... 396 
 Delivery of Afterbirth (Placenta) 396 
 
 Hemorrhage or Bleeding 397 
 
 Caution ^97 
 
 Diseases Attending and Following 
 
 Pregnancy and Labor 397 
 
 Dropsy 397 
 
 Eclampsy (Convulsions) 397 
 
 Child-bed Fever (Puerperal Fever) 398 
 
 Milk Leg 398 
 
 Sore Nipples 399 
 
 Caked and Broken Breasts 399 
 
 Abortion 400 
 
 A Chapter for Women of Forty-five.. 401 
 
 Womb, Diseases of 374 
 
 Acute Inflammation of 379 
 
 Bending Forward of 375 
 
 Cancer of 263 
 
 Cancer of Neck of 378 
 
 Chronic Inflammation of 380 
 
 Falling of 374 
 
 Fibroid Tumors of '. 380 
 
 Laceration of Neck of 377 
 
 Retroversion and Retroflexion 376 
 
 Womb, Neck of in Pregnancy 393 
 
 Wormwood 337 
 
 Worms — Pin, Thread or Seat 239 
 
 Worms, Round 240 
 
 Worms, Tape 240 
 
 Worms, Salt for 438 
 
 Wounds 36 
 
 Wounds, Bandaging 37 
 
 Wood Charcoal 357 
 
 Wooden ToNgue 83 
 
 Y 
 
 Yarrow 357 
 
 Yellow Atrophy of Liver, Acute 171 
 
 Yellow Dock 357 
 
 Yellow Fever 84 
 
 Young Women, A Chapter for 384 
 
 TABLE OF SYMPTOMS t 
 
 DOSES FOR VARIOUS AGES S 
 
 (See next page for index of Herb Remedies.) 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 
 
 A 
 
 Almond — (Amygdala) 306 
 
 Arbok Vit^ 307 
 
 Arnica — Leopard's Bane— (Arnica Montana) 305 
 
 Arse Smart 306 
 
 Asparagus 305 
 
 AvENS — Aven's Root — Throat Root — Chocolate Root— (Ceum Virginianum) 306 
 
 B 
 
 Balm of Gilead — Balsam Poplar — (Populus Balsamifera) 307 
 
 Balsam Fje — (Terebinthina Canadensis) '. 309 
 
 Barberry — (Bertieris Vulgaris) 312 
 
 Basswood — Linden Tree— Lime Tree — Tilia Tree — (Tilia Americana) (Tilia Glabia) . . 309 
 
 Bayberry — Candle Berry — Wax Berry — Wax Myrtle — (Myrica Cerifera) 312 
 
 Bearberry — Red Berry — Mountain Box — Wild Cranberry — (Arbutus Uva Ursi) 
 
 ( Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi) 313 
 
 Beech — Red Beech — (Fagus Ferruginea) 309 
 
 Beech Drops — Cancer Root — (Epiphegus Virginianus) 313 
 
 Bellwort — Mohawk Weed — (Uvularia Perfoliata) -. '. 307 
 
 Beth Root — Indian Balm — Birth Root — Ground Lily — Nodding Wake-Robin — Three 
 
 Leaved Nightshade — Lamb's Quarter— (Trillium Pendulum) 307 
 
 Bitter Root — American Ipecac — Indian Physic — Black Indian Hemp — Canadian 
 
 Hemp — Dog's Bane — (Apocynum Cannabinum) 314 
 
 Bitter Sweet — Woody Nightshade — Bitter Sv/eet Nightshade — (Solanum Dulcamara) 313 
 
 Blackberry — Red Raspberry — Dew Berry 314 
 
 Black Cohosh — Squaw Root — Black Snake Root— Rattleweed — Rich weed— (Cimici 
 
 Racemosa) 310 
 
 Black Snake Root — (Sanicula Marilandica) 309 
 
 Blood Rqot — Red Root — Red Puccoon — (Sanguinaria Canadensis) 315 
 
 Blue Bells — Abscess Root — Greek Valerian — Sweat Root— (Polemonium Reptans).. 308 
 
 Blue Cardinal Flower — Blue Lobelia — (Lobelia Syphilitica) 308 
 
 Blue Cohosh— Papoose Root — Blue Berry — Squaw Root — (Caulophyllum Thalictroides) 311 
 Blue Flag — Flag Lily — Snake Lily — Liver Lily — Flower de Luce — (Iris Versicolor) 
 
 (Iris Pseudo-Acorus) 315 
 
 Blue Violet — (Viola Cucullata) 310 
 
 BoNESET — Thoroughwort — Feverwort — Sweating Plant — Crosswort — Vegetable Anti- 
 mony — Ague Weed — Indian Sage — (Eupatorium Perfoliatum) 316 
 
 Boxwood 317 
 
 Broad Leaved Dock — Bitter Dock — Blunt Leaved Dock — (Rumex Obtusifolius) 310 
 
 Buchu 317 
 
 Buck Thorn Brake — (Osmunda Regalis) 317 
 
 Bugle Weed — Water Bugle — Gypsywort — Water Horehound — (Lycopus Virginicus) 310 
 
 Burdock — (Arctium Lappa) 317 
 
 Butternut — White Walnut (Juglans Cineria) 310 
 
 C 
 
 Caraway — (Carum Carui) 318 
 
 Catnip — (Nepeta Cateria) 318 
 
 Cayenne Pepper — Capsicum — Red Pepper — (Capsicum Annuum) 318 
 
 Chamomile — Roman Chamomile — German Metricaria — ( Anthemis Mobilis) 318 
 
 Chestnut — (Castanea) 319 
 
 Cinnamon — (Cinnamomum) , 319 
 
 Cleavers — Goose Grass — Catchweed — Clivers — (Galium Aparine) 3ig 
 
 471 
 
473 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Cloves— (Caryophyllus) 320 
 
 CoLUMBO Root 320 
 
 CoMFREY — Healing Herb — Gum Plant — (Symphytum Officinale) 320 
 
 CoRNSiLK — (Maida Stigmata) 321 
 
 Crawley Root — Fever Root — Dragon's Claw — Chicken's Toes — Coral Root — (Coral- 
 
 lorhiza Odontorhiza) 321 
 
 Crowfoot — Wild Cranesbill — Storkbill — Tormentil — (Geranium Maculatum) 322 
 
 Culver's Root — Culver's Physic — Black Root — Tall Veronica — (Leptandra Virginica) 322 
 
 D 
 
 Dandelion — Monkshood — (Taraxacum) 323 
 
 Dewberry 314 
 
 Dwarf Elder — (Aralia Hispida) 323 
 
 E 
 
 Elder — Sweet Elder — Elder Flowers — Black-bereied Elder — (Sambucus Canadensis) 324 
 
 Elecampane — (Inula Helenium) 324 
 
 Elm — Slippery Elm — Red Elm — (Ulraus Fulya) 324 
 
 F 
 
 False Unicorn Root — Blazing Star 325 
 
 Fennel — (Anethum Foeniculum) 325 
 
 Ftreweed — Colt's Tail — Canada Fleabane — (Erigeron Canadense) ' 326 
 
 Foxglove — ^Digitalis — Purple Foxglove — Fairy's Glove — (Digitalis Purpurea) 326 
 
 G 
 
 Garlic — (Allium Sativum) 326 
 
 Gentian — (Gentiana Americana) 327 
 
 Ginger — (Zingiber Officinale) 327 
 
 Ginseng — Red Berry — Ninsin — Five Fingers — (Panax Quinquefolium) 328 
 
 Golden Rod— 5weet Scented Golden Rod — (Solidago Odora) 328 
 
 Golden Seal — Yellow Puccoon — Orange Root — (Hydrastis Canadensis) 328 
 
 H 
 
 Hard Hack — Meadow Sweet — Steeple Bush — White Leaf — (Spira;a Tomentosa) 329 
 
 Hemlock Tree — Hemlock Spruce — (Pinus Canadensis) 329 
 
 Henbane — Black Henbane — Fetid Nightshade — Poison Tobacco — (Hyoscyamus Niger) 329 
 
 High Cranberry — Cramp Bark — (Viburnum Opulus) 330 
 
 Hollyhock — (Althaea Rosea) , 330 
 
 Hops — (Humulus Lapulus) 330 
 
 Horehound — ^White Hohehound — (Marrubium Vulgare) 331 
 
 Horse Chestnut — (^sculus Hippocastanum) 331 
 
 Horseradish — (Cochlearia Armosacia) 331 
 
 I 
 Indian Turnip — ^Wild Turnip — Wake-Robin — Dragon Root — J ack-in-the- Pulpit — 
 
 (Arum Tripbyllum) 331 
 
 Ironwood — (Astrya Virginica) '. 332 
 
 J 
 Juniper — (Juniperus Communis) , 332 
 
 L 
 
 Lady's Slipper — Valerian — Nerve Root— Moccasin Flower— Yellow Umbel— (Cypride- 
 
 dium) 332 
 
 Laurel — Mountain Laurel — Spoonwood — Lambkill — Calco Bush — (Kalmia Latifolia) 333 
 
 Lemon — (Citrus Liraonum) 333 
 
 Lettuce — (Lactuca Sativa) 333 
 
 Lily of the Valley — (Convallaria Majalis) 334 
 
 Liverwort — Noble Liverwort — Liver Leaf— (Hepatica Triloba) .■ 334 
 
 Lobelia — Indian Tobacco — Wild Tobacco— Poke Weed— Emetic Herb — Asthma Weed 
 — (Lobelia Inflata) 334 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 475 
 
 M 
 
 Mandrake — May Apple — Indian Apple — (Podophyllum Peltatum) 335 
 
 Makicold — (Calendula Officinalis) 335 
 
 Marshmallow — Mortification Root — (Althaea Officinalis) 335 
 
 Milk Weed — Silk Weed — (Asclepias Cornuti) 236 
 
 Motherwort — (Leonurus Cardiaca) 336 
 
 Mullein — (Verbascum Thapsus) 336 
 
 Mustard — White Mustard and Black Mustard — (Sinapis Nigra and Sinapis Alba) .... 337 
 
 N 
 Nettle — Great Sting;ng Nettle — (Urtica Dioica) (Urtica Hispida) 3$? 
 
 O 
 Onion— (Allium Cepa) 338 
 
 P 
 
 Parsley — Rock Parsley — (Petroselinum) , 338 
 
 Partridge Berry — Squaw Wine — Chicken Berry — Winter Clover 338 
 
 Peach Tree — (Amygdalus Persica) (Prunus Persica) 339 
 
 Pennyroyal — (Hedeoma Pulegioides) 339 
 
 Peppermint — (Mentha Piperita) : 339 
 
 Pink Root — (Spigelia) 340 
 
 Plantain — Large Plantain — Round Leaved Plantain — (Plantago Major) 340 
 
 Pleurisy Root — Butterfly Weed — White Root — Orange Swallowwort — (Asclepias 
 
 Tuberosa) 340 
 
 Poke Root — Poke Weed — Pigeon Berry — Garget — Coakum — (Phytolacca Decandra) . . 340 
 
 Prickly Ash — Yellow Wood — Toothache Tree — (Xanthoxylum Fraxineum) 341 
 
 Pumpkin Seed — (Pepo) 341 
 
 Q 
 
 Queen of the Meadow — Purple Boneset — Joe Pye Weed — Gravel Root — (Eupatorium 
 
 Purpureum) 342 
 
 Queen's Delight — Queen's Root — Yaw Root — (Stillingia) 342 
 
 R 
 
 Root Parsley— (Apium Petroselinum) 342 
 
 Red Clover — (Trifolium Pratense) 343 
 
 Red Raspberry 314 
 
 Rhubarb— (Rheum) 343 
 
 S 
 
 Saffron — True Saffron — Spanish Saffron — (Crocus Sativus) 343 
 
 Sage— (Salvia) 344 
 
 S.«saparilla — (Aralia Nudicaulis) 344 
 
 Sassafras — (Laurus Sassafras) 344 
 
 Scouring Rush — Shave Grass — Horsetail — (Equisetutn Hyemale) 345 
 
 Seneca Snake Root — Milkwort— Mountain Flax — (Polygala Senega) 34S 
 
 Senna '. 345 
 
 Sheep Sorrel — (Rumex Acetosa) 34^ 
 
 Skullcap — Mad Weed — Hoodwoet — Blue Pimpernal — (Scutellaria) 346 
 
 Skunk Cabbage — Meadow Cabbage — Swamp Cabbage — Fetid Hellebore— (Dracontium 
 
 Foetidum) : 346 
 
 Smartweed — Water Pepper — Knot Grass — Biting Know Weed— (Polygonum) 346 
 
 Snake Head — Balmony — Fish Mouth — Bitter Herb — Turtle Bloom— (Chelone Glabra) 347 
 
 Solomon's Seal — (Convallaria Polygonatum) 347 
 
 Spearmint — (Mentha Viridia) 34^ 
 
 St. John's Wort — (Hypericum Perforatum) ._ 348 
 
 Stone Root— Knob Root — Richwefj) — Horse Balm — (Collinsonia Canadensis) 348 
 
 Strawberry — (Fragaria Vesca) 349 
 
 Sumach — (Rhus Glabra) 349 
 
 Sunflower — (Helianthus Annuus) 349 
 
 Swamp Snake Root 35o 
 
474 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 Sweet Clover— King's Clo\'er— Melilot— (Melilotus Alba) 350 
 
 Sweet FlAg — Flag Root — Sweet Rush— Calamus — (Acorus Calamus) 350 
 
 T 
 
 Tansy — (Tanacetum Vulgare) 350 
 
 Tetterwort — Celandine — (Chelidonium) 351 
 
 Thorn Apple — Stramonium — Stink Weed — Jamestown Weed — ^Jimson Weed — (Latura 
 
 Stramonium) 351 
 
 Thyme — Mother of Thyme — Garden Thyme — (Thymus Vulgaris) 351 
 
 Tobacco — (Nicotiana Tabacum) 352 
 
 Trailing Arbutus — Gravel Weed — ^Winter Pink — Mountain Pink — Ground Laurel — 
 
 Mayflower — (Epigea Repens) 352 
 
 Turkey Corn — (Corydalis) 353 
 
 U 
 Unicorn Root — Blazing Star — Devil's Bit — (Helonias Dioica) 353 
 
 W 
 
 White Oak — (Quercus Alba) 353 
 
 White Pond Lily — Sweet Scented Water Lily — Toad Lily — Water Cabbage — (Nymp- 
 
 haea Odorata) 354 
 
 Wild Carrot — Bee's Nest — Bird's Nest — (Daucus Carota) 354 
 
 Wild Cherry — Black Cheery — Rum Cherry — Cabinet Cherry — (Prunus Virginiana) 355 
 Wild Ginger — Colt's Foot — Canada Snake Root — (Asarum Americanum) (Asarum 
 
 Canadense) ; 355 
 
 Wild Yam — Colic Root — (Dioscorea Villosa) 355 
 
 Wintergreen — Tea Berry — Mountain Tea — (Gaultheria Procumbens) , 356 
 
 Witch Hazel — (Hamamelis Virginica) 356 
 
 Wood Charcoal — (Carbo Ligni) 357 
 
 Wormwood — (Artemisia Absinthium) 357 
 
 V 
 
 Yarrow — Thousand Leaf — Milfoil — (Achillea Millefolium) 357 
 
 Yellow Dock — Narrow Leaf Dock — Sour Dock — Curled Dock — Garden Patience — 
 (Rumex Crispus) 357 
 
 ALL ABOUT THE MOTHER AND HER BABY. 
 
 Nursing and Feeding. 
 
 Why Should a Mother Nurse Her Baby ? 403 
 
 Should a Nursing Mother Drink Tea or Coffee? 403 
 
 Are There any Diseases that Prohibit the Mother's Nursing? 403 
 
 Does Nursing Necessarily Drain a Mother's System ? 403 
 
 Should a Nursing Mother Eat Fruit and Vegetables? 403 
 
 How Soon After Labor Should the Baby be Put to BIreast ? 403 
 
 What Secretion First Appears in the Breast and What is Its Use? 403 
 
 How Soon Do the Breasts Secrete Good Milk ? 403 
 
 If There is Then no Milk Secreted What Should be Done? 404 
 
 If There is Little or No Milk After Waiting a Few Days, What Should be Done? 404 
 
 What Should You Feed if a Mother Cannot Nurse a New-born Babe? 404 
 
 Suppose the Nipples are so Sore that Nursing is Very Painful? 404 
 
 How May Sore Nipples be Prevented? , . 404 
 
 What Can be Done for Nipples that Crack or Discharge Pus ? 404 
 
 What Can You Do to Prevent a Broken Breast ? 404 
 
 If the Mother Has Not Enough Milk Should She Wean the Baby or Parti-y Nurse 
 
 It? 4&S 
 
 How Can You Increase the Supply of Milk ? 405 
 
 Should k Nursing Mother Use any Alcoholic Liquors? 405 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 475 
 
 What Things in the Habits or Diet of the Mother are Likely to Cause Colic or 
 
 Indigestion in the Baby ? 405 
 
 Is There any Benefit Derived from Chocolate or Cocoa ? 405 
 
 How Can You Tell When a Baby is Well Nourished ? 405 
 
 What Symptoms Show that a Baby is Poorly Nourished? : 405 
 
 Does a Healthy Baby Ever Vomit After Nursing? 405 
 
 How Long at a Time Should a Mother Nurse Her Baby? 406 
 
 How Often is it Necessary for the Baby to Nurse the First Few Days After Birth ? 406 
 
 How Often Should the Baby Nurse During the Succeeding Months ? 406 
 
 What Should be Done if Baby Wants to Nurse Oftener? 406 
 
 When Should You Stop Night Feeding ? 406 
 
 "What Can You Do for a Hard, Inflamed or Caked Breast? 406 
 
 Should You Give the Nipples any Attention if they are Not Sore? 406 
 
 "Should a Baby Nurse from a Breast that is Broken or Contains Pus? 407 
 
 If a Mother Can Only Partly Nurse the Baby What Other Food May be Used?. . . , 407 
 
 When Should You Begin to Wean the Baby ? 407 
 
 Do You Advise Sudden or Gradual Weaning ? 407 
 
 What Conditions or Circumstances Demand Sudden Weaning? 407 
 
 What Diseases Make Sudden Weaning Necessary ? 407 
 
 Should a Mother Nurse Her Baby if Her Monthlies Return ? 407 
 
 Can You Give Crackers, Bread, Butter, Etc., to Weaned Babies ? 407 
 
 What Causes Sore Mouth in the Nursing Mother ? 407 
 
 What Should be Done for Such a Condition ? 407 
 
 What is the Best Food for the Baby if the Mother Cannot Nurse It? 407 
 
 How Does Cow's Milk Differ from Human Milk ? 407 
 
 What Ingredients Compose the Human Milk ? 407 
 
 What Do You Call the Fats and Proteids in Milk ? 408 
 
 What is the Top Milk ? 408 
 
 How Can You Obtain the Top Milk ? 408 
 
 How is it Usually Treated or Diluted to Make Baby's Milk ? 408 
 
 Should You Boil the Milk for Babies in the Summer? 408 
 
 When is Milk Said to be Pasteurized ? 408 
 
 How Do You Pasteurize Milk ? 408 
 
 Should the Milk Always be Pasteurized? 408 
 
 Is Partially Boiled Milk Harder to Digest ? 408 
 
 How Can You Sterilize Milk ? 408 
 
 Which is Preferable, Pasteurized or Sterilized Milk ? 408 
 
 What is a Simple Way of Sterilizing Milk ? , 408 
 
 When and Why Should Lime Water be Used in Milk ? 408 
 
 How Do You Make Lime Water ? . . .- 409 
 
 Is There Anything You Can Use in Place of Lime Water for the Same Trouble? 409 
 
 When is Soda and Lime to be Added to Milk ? 409 
 
 Peptonized Mn,K — What is It ? 409 
 
 Is Peptonized Milk a Good Milk to Use ? 409 
 
 Wou' n You Advise the Use of Only One Cow's Milk ? 409 
 
 Do You Prefer Milk from Either a Jersey or Alderney Cow ? 409 
 
 Should Milk be Diluted During Whole Babyhood ? 409 
 
 How Should Cow's Milk be Diluted at First? 409 
 
 How Can I Tell if the Milk I Buy is of Good Quality? 410 
 
 How Can I Determine if the Cream is of the Right Amount ? 410 
 
 What is Condensed Milk? 410 
 
 What Kind of Bottles Should be Used for Giving Artificial Foods? 410 
 
 Summary of Feeding Rules for Children 410 
 
 Is Vomiting in Nursing Infants a Bad Sign ? 410 
 
 What are the Causes of Vomiting ? 410 
 
 How Does Unhealthy Food Affect a Baby and What May be Done for It? 410 
 
 Do Green Stools Always Indicate Unsuitable Food? 411 
 
 What Food Usually Causes Green Stools in the Healthy Infant? 411 
 
 What Foods Would You Give When Weaning is Demanded at Six or Seven Days 
 
 Old? 4" 
 
 Can the Infant Continue to Thrive on this Strengthof Food? 411 
 
 How Much Can the Proteids (They are found in skimmed milk and some also in 
 cream) be Increased? 412 
 
i^'G THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 What Does Skimmed Milk Contain ? 4ia 
 
 Rules for Artificial Feeding Up to Twelve Months (From Dauglas) 412 
 
 Feeding Rules foe Children from 12 to 15 Months Old ■. . 412 
 
 Feeding Rules for Children from 15 j'o 20 Months 413 
 
 Feeding Rules for Children from 20 to 24 Months 1 413. 
 
 What Fruits During this Period ? '. 413 
 
 Feeding Rules for the Third Year 413 
 
 How Many Meals During the Third Year ? 413 
 
 Proper Diet for an Average Child During Third Year 413 
 
 Feeding Rules for the Third to the Seventh Year 414 
 
 Articles of Food 414 
 
 Forbidden Articles 415. 
 
 Making Preparation for the Baby. 
 
 Baby's Wardrobe 415 
 
 Clothing 415 
 
 Diapers 416 
 
 Clothing Recommended for First Half- Year 416 
 
 Bathing. 
 
 At What Age May a Child be Given a Full Tub Bath ? '. 41& 
 
 How and When Should the Bath be Given ? 416 
 
 At What Temperature Should the Bath be Given ? ■ , 416 
 
 What Do You Regard as the Best Soap for an Infant ? 417 
 
 Is it Necessary to Use a Baby Powder After a Bath and if So What is Best? 417 
 
 Would You Continue the Daily Bath with a Sick Baby ? 417 
 
 Do Yon Give any Special Attention to the Scalp T ; 417 
 
 If There is any Chafing Must You Modify the Bath ? 417- 
 
 Care of the Baby. 
 
 On Which Side Should a Baby Lie? 417 
 
 What are the Normal Respirations for ian Infant ? 417 
 
 What is the Normal Pulse Rate.? 417 
 
 What is the Normal Temperature at Birth ? 417 
 
 Where Should the Temperature be Taken ? 4t 7 
 
 What is Included in the " Period of Infancy "? 417 
 
 What is Included in the " Period of Childhood " ? 417 
 
 How Many Hours a Day Should a Baby Sleep? 41S 
 
 Do You Approve of Rocking or Walking with the Baby to Make It Sleep? 418 
 
 Suppose the Baby Will Not Sleep? 418' 
 
 Are There any Causes Other than Sickness that Will Make a Bahy Restless and 
 
 Sleepless ? 418 
 
 Shoulk Either Quieting Medicines or Soothing Syrup" Ever be Used? 418 
 
 What are Some of the General Signs of Sickness in a Baby? 418 
 
 What Should be Done if a Child Shows the First Symptoms of a Serious Illness ? 419 
 
 Does a Baby Sweat About the Head? 419 
 
 What Does Sweating About the Head Indicate ? 419. 
 
 What Cry Indicates Sickness.? 419 
 
 What Cry Indicates Pain ? 419 
 
 What Does Frequent Jerking and TwitchinS of the Musces Mean ? 419 
 
 What Does it Mean When it Hurts a Child tO be Handled ? 419 
 
 What Indicates Chronic Illness ? 419 
 
 Sleeping with Eyes Half Open Means What ? 419 
 
 How Much Does the Stomach of a New-born Infant Hold ? 419 
 
 What Causes a Child to Cry When It Passes Urine (Water) ? 419 
 
 What Causes Bleeding from the Navel? 419 
 
 How Can I Tell if the Baby is Tongue-tied ? 419 
 
 What Can be Done if the Baby is Tongue-tied ? 420 
 
 DONT'S for the baby 420 
 
 Children's Diseases. 
 
 SORE EYES 420 
 
 What Causes Sore Eyes in a New-born Babe ? 420 
 
MEDICAL INDEX. 477 
 
 What Should be Done for Sore Eyes ? 420 
 
 EARACHE 421 
 
 How May I Know When the Baby has Earache and What Can be Done for It? 421 
 
 HEADACHE , 422 
 
 What are the Symptoms of Headache and What Can be Done for It? 422 
 
 COLIC 422 
 
 What Causes Colic in Babies ? 422 
 
 Is Colic Ever Dangerous ? 422 
 
 How Does a Baby with the Colic Act ? 422 
 
 How Can Attacks of Colic be Prevented ? 422 
 
 If Nursing Gives Relief Should the Baby Nurse During an Attack of Colic? 422 
 
 What is the Proper Treatment for Colic ? 422 
 
 General Treatment 422 
 
 Home Remedies 423 
 
 TEETHING 423 
 
 When and in What Manner Does Teething Come in a Healthy Infant ? 423 
 
 Does Teething Necessarily Cause Convulsions and Other Sickness in Babies? 424 
 
 Do Convulsions During Teething Call for Lancing ? 424 
 
 What are the Early Signs of Teething? 424 
 
 Do You Approve of Giving the Baby Anything to Bite Upon? 424 
 
 What pauses the Mother to Dread the Second Summer During Teething? 424 
 
 What is the Cause of Early Decay in Infant's Teeth ? '. 424 
 
 What are the Disorders Resulting from Teething ? 424 
 
 Can You Aid Teething with Medicine ? 424 
 
 Is it Well to Check the Loose Bowels Coming During Teething? 424 
 
 Is Change of Air Beneficial for Teething Children ? 425 
 
 SORE MOUTH 425 
 
 Is Sore Mouth, Stomatitis, Thrush or Canker Common in Children and What are 
 
 the Causes ? 425 
 
 How Soon Does Sore Mouth Appear ? 425 
 
 What are the Symptoms of Sore Mouth ? 425 
 
 . What is the Treatment for Sore Mouth ? 425 
 
 DIARRHEA 425 
 
 Homeopathic Treatment for Diarrhea 426 
 
 How Many Stools a Day Should a Baby have during the First Month? 426 
 
 How Many Stools a Day Should a Baby have after the First Month ? 426 
 
 Does Diarrhea in Children Always Indicate Disease ? 426 
 
 CHOLERA INFANTUM 426 
 
 What are the Symptoms of Cholera Infantum ? 426 
 
 When is Cholera Infantum Most Prevalent? 426 
 
 Are Bottle Fed Babies More Likely to have Cholera Infantum ? 427 
 
 What is the Treatment for Cholera Infantum ? 427 
 
 What Food and Care Must be Given a Baby with Cholera Infantum ? 427 
 
 CONSTIPATION 427 
 
 What Shall I do for a Constipated Baby ? 427 
 
 How Should Constipation be Treated in Bottle Fed Infants? 427 
 
 Is Castoria a Good Remedy for Constipation ?' 428 
 
 What Temporary Treatment May be Tried for Constipation ? 428 
 
 COLDS , 428 
 
 What is the Treatment for Colds in the Head ? 428 
 
 SORE THROAT 429 
 
 What are theFirst Symptoms of Sore Throat in Infants ? 429 
 
 What are the Remedies for Sore Throat? 429 
 
 How Can You Examine a Child's Throat ? 430 
 
 SPASMODIC CROUP 430 
 
 When Does Spasmodic Croup Usually Come On ? 430 
 
 Is Simple Croup Dangerous ? 430 
 
 What are the Prominent Symptoms of Croup ? 430 
 
 Treatment for Croup 430 
 
 MEMBRANOUS CROUP 431 
 
 How Does Membranous Croup or Laryngeal Diphtheria Develop? 431 
 
 What Should be Done ? 431 
 
 What are the Symptoms ? 431 
 
478 THE PEOPLE'S HOME MEDICAL BOOK. 
 
 What is the Treatment? 431 
 
 BIRTHMARKS AND MOLES 43i 
 
 Should Birthmarks be Removed ? = 431 
 
 What Can be Done for Moles ? 431 
 
 PRICKLY HEAT 431 
 
 What is Prickly Heat? , 43* 
 
 What is the Treatment for Prickly Heat? 431 
 
 ECZEMA 432 
 
 Is this very Common ? 432 
 
 At What Age Does Eczema Occur? 432 
 
 Where Does Eczema Occur 432 
 
 What are the Marked Characteristics of Eczema ? 432 
 
 What are the Symptoms of Eczema? 432 
 
 What are the Causes of Eczema ? 432 
 
 How About the Itching of Eczema ? 432 
 
 What is the Treatment for Ezcema? 432 
 
 When is Eczema Most Likely to Return ? , 433 
 
 MILK CRUST 433 
 
 What is Milk Crust and What Can be Done for It ? 433 
 
 CHAFING 433 
 
 What are the Causes of Chafing? 433 
 
 What is the Treatment of Chafing? 413 
 
 HIVES-NETTLE RASH— URTICARIA 434 
 
 What Can be Done for Hives ? 434 
 
 STOMACH RASH— TOOTH RASH 434 
 
 What is the Treatment for Stomach Rash or Tooth Rash ? 434 
 
 CONVULSIONS 434 
 
 What is the First Thing to be Done in Case of Convulsions? 434 
 
 When is a Hot Bath Useful for Convulsions ? 434 
 
 How is the Bath Given for Convulsions ? 434 
 
 When is Another Convulsion Likely to Occur ? 435 
 
 DIPHTHERIA 43S 
 
 How Does Diphtheria Begin ? 435 
 
 (See General Diseases for Treatment.) 
 
 MEASLES 435 
 
 What are the First Symptoms of Measles ? 435 
 
 Is Measles a Serious Disease ? 435 
 
 When and How are Measles Contagious ? 435 
 
 What is the Treatment? , 435 
 
 SCARLET FEVER 436 
 
 What are the First Symptoms of Scarlet Fever? 436 
 
 When is Scarlet Fever Contagious ? 436 
 
 What is the Treatment? 436 
 
 CHICKEN-POX 436 
 
 What are the First Symptoms ? 436 
 
 (For Treatment see General Diseases.) 
 
 WHOOPING COUGH 436 
 
 How Does Whooping Cough Begin and What are the Symptoms ? 436 
 
 (For Treatment see General Diseases.) 
 
 GERMAN MEASLES 436 
 
 MTiat are the Symptoms of German Measles ? 436 
 
 (Foj* Treatment see General Diseases.) 
 
 RHEUMATISM 436 
 
 What are Growing Pains? 436 
 
 Do Babies Often have Rheumatism and What Can be Done for It? 436 
 
 RICKETS 437 
 
 What are the Causes of Rickets? 437 
 
 What are the Symptoms of Rickets? 437 
 
 At What Age is Rickets Most Common ? j 437 
 
 What is the Treatment? 437 
 
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 BOOK II 
 
 or THE 
 PEOPLE'S 
 HOME 
 LIBRARY 
 
 BY 
 
 MRS. ALICtGITCHELL KIRK 
 
 LECTURER AND INSTRUQOR 
 IN DOMESTIC SCIENCE. 
 AUTHOR'MRS, KIRK'S CARD INDEX 
 COOKING RECIPE5"and "HANDY 
 EXPENSE CARDS FOR HOUSE KEEPERS'.' 
 
 CLEVELAND, OHIO. 
 
 Published by 
 
 THE R. C. BARNUM CO. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio — Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 IMPERIAL PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 TORONTO, CANADA 
 
 1917 
 
CoPYTtlGHTKn I9IO, 
 KY 
 
 R. C. BARNUM. 
 Ai.L Rights I^eservkd 
 
 COPYRIGHT NOTICE. 
 The recipes for which credit is given to "Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking 
 Recipes" are protected by the following copyrights ; '"Mrs. Kirk's Card Indfx 
 Cooking Recipes," Copyright 1906, by Mrs, Alice Gitchell Kirk ; "SuppIement.Tl 
 Set No. 1," Copyright 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk; " Supplemental bet 
 No. 2." Copyright 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk ; " Supplemental Set No. 3 ' 
 Copyright 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk ; " Supplemental Set No. 4," Cojiv- 
 right 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk ; "Supplemental Set No. B," Copyright 
 1909, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 " Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes " and " Supplemental Sets " are 
 published by the Yawnian and Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
AUTHOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 Though the world is full of cook books of every description, yet it has 
 been my experience that there are few of them that are more than a collection 
 of recipes. There are few really good teachers of the science of cooking. For 
 the past thirty years the author has been engaged in teaching of some kind, 
 ranging from kindergarten work to assistant at Chicago University and from 
 private teacher of cooking to Public Lecturer on Domestic Science. This 
 training has not only given me a knowledge of the subjects in hand but has 
 perhaps rendered me capable of imparting this knowledge to others in a way 
 to be easily understood by all. 
 
 Having managed a homcof my own for twelve years and having lived 
 in both the country and the city have probably given me a knowledge of the 
 practical needs of the average home. Further than this, I am called upon reg- 
 ularly each week by 'phone to direct the culinary affairs of many Cleveland 
 homes, thus giving me the practical experience which is lacking in so many 
 teachers of Domestic Science. Furthermore, during the past five years I have 
 delivered (and am still engaged in the lecture work) a series of over six hun- 
 dred public lectures on cooking, a larger number than ever before delivered 
 on this subject by any woman in one place. These things have brought me in 
 direct contact with thousands of people of all classes, given me a knowledge 
 of their needs and at the same time fitted me for imparting this knowledge to 
 others in a practical waj. 
 
 Having been principal of private schools and being at the present time a 
 member of " The Domestic Science and Art Association " of Cleveland, and 
 " The American Home Economics Association " of Chicago, and also State 
 Secretary of " The Associated Clubs of Domestic Science " has brought me in 
 contact with many of our ablest instructors in Domestic Science and afforded 
 me an excellent opportunity to get the best and most modern ideas relative 
 to the science of cooking. These ideas I have endeavored to incorporate in 
 this work, leaving out the technical things and making them practical for the 
 home. 
 
 I believe in having system in the home and a business-like management 
 of household affairs as is attested by the fact that I am author of " Mrs. Kirk's 
 Card Index Cooking Recipes " and also of " Handy Expense Cards for Hoxjse- 
 keepers " and ** Correct Combinations of Foods for Daily Use." 
 
 I have given over two hundred of my choice recipes in this work and for 
 these I have, adopted the form used in my " Card Index Recipes." It will be 
 noticed at a glance and without reading the recipe, one can tell just what 
 materials are required and the quantities of each. One can also tell the utensils 
 that are necessary and thus have everything in readiness before beginning the 
 work. Then are given full and complete directions for putting together and 
 cooking the ingredients., These directions I have endeavored to make so 
 simple and complete that the girls and the young housewives with no previous 
 
 (i) 
 
;ii PREFACE. 
 
 experience can use these recipes and be certain of good results. Though the 
 cook with many years of experience may become so skillful that she can 
 " guess " at quantities and generally get good results, yet it is necessary for 
 the inexperienced to observe absolute accuracy in following every instruction. 
 In fact, the time has gone by for " guessing " at quantities. Use accuracy and 
 you will never have failures for the same cause always gives the same 
 results. 
 
 Preceding each chapter will be found the general principles underlying 
 the science of cooking and I believe it will pay every woman to carefully study 
 and follow these rules, for cooking is now as much of a science as is any other 
 branch of knowledge. I believe that cooking and the management of house- 
 hold afifairs should be a pleasure rather than a drudgery. I believe that a 
 knowledge of proper foods and the proper way of preparing them is one of 
 the most important sciences, for our health and temperament, and conse- 
 quently our happiness and success in life, largely depend upon what we eat. 
 
 Though the two hundred recipes make dainty and attractive dishes, yet I 
 have had due regard to economy and the " Favorite Home Recipes for Every 
 Day Use " have been gathered from mothers living in all parts of the world. 
 They are the dishes " like mother used to make," and I believe they will be 
 found the most simple and practical collection of recipes for every day use that 
 has ever been published. 
 
 It has been my object in this work, not only to give some of the general 
 principles underlying the art of cooking, but also to give simple and practical 
 recipes that can be used in every home in the country. 
 
 THE AUTHOR, 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Author's Preface <,■........«<>, I 
 
 MRS. KIRK'S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Housekeeper's Science of Cooking or Domestic Science in the Home 1 
 
 Bread Making i 7 
 
 Cakes 14 
 
 Meats 32 
 
 Meat Substitutes and Substantial Meals Without Meat 30 
 
 Eggs 37 
 
 Sauces 43 
 
 Soups 46 
 
 Vegetables 51 
 
 Salads and Salad Dressings 62 
 
 Desserts 68 
 
 Beverages 80 
 
 Chafing Dish Cookery 86 
 
 The Canning of Fruits and Vegetables 90 
 
 Preserving and Jelly Making 95 
 
 Pickling 101 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPES FOR EVERY-DAY USE, 
 
 Bread Making 105 
 
 Light Breads '. Ill 
 
 Cake Making 119 
 
 Meats, Poultry, Game, Fish, Oysters and Croquettes 139 
 
 Soups 140 
 
 Eggs 143 
 
 Vegetables 148 
 
 Relishes, Cheese and Chafing Dish Cookery 151 
 
 The Art of Candy Making 154 
 
 Pies 163 
 
 Salads and Salad Dressings 166 
 
 Puddings and Sauces \ 170 
 
 Creams and Custards 176 
 
 Ice Creams, Sherbets and Ices 178 
 
 Beverages 181 
 
 Canning, Preserving and Jelly Making 185 
 
 Pickling 189 
 
 Preserving Meats 195 
 
 What to Do and Hov/ to Do It 197 
 
 Supplement 320 
 
 Index 333 
 
 iii 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk Frontispiece 
 
 No. I. Table Laid for Single Service for Informal Dinner Laid for Soup 
 
 Course '. Following iv 
 
 No. 2. Dishes to be Used in Informal Dinner Following Table Laid for * 
 
 Sour Course as Shown in 'No. i , Following iv 
 
 No. 3. Table Laid for Coffee and Dessert Following iv 
 
 No. 4. Table Set for a Dinner Wher^ the First Course is a Fruit Cocktail Following iv 
 
 No. S. Table Set for a Dinner Where the First Course is a- Fruit Cocktail Following iv 
 
 No. 6. A Kitchen Cabinet and Conveniences in a Modern Kitchen Following iv 
 
 No. 7. A Few of the Larger Necessary Kitchen Utensils (14 Cuts) Following iv 
 
 No. 8. A Few of the Smaller Necessary Kitchen UtensH-s (15 Cuts) ... .Folio wing iv 
 
(Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
 NO. 1. TABLE LAID FOR SINGLE SERVICE FOR INFORMAL DINNER. 
 
 LAID FOR SOUP COURSE. 
 
 The soup plate is on a service plate which is an eight or ten-inch plate. Observe 
 closely the accuracy with which knife, fork, spoons, goblet and other service are placed 
 on the table. The soup spoon is placed to the right of the knife and the soup ladle to 
 the right of the soup spoon. Using left hand for removing cover of tureen, you are 
 ready to take the ladle in right hand and serve soup which may be passed to other 
 members of the family at table. 
 
 The water glass or goblet should always be placed at end of knife blade. The 
 bread and butter plate is on the left side at end of fork. The silver is always used 
 from the outside toward the plate, either from right or left. Napkins should always 
 be placed on left side of fork. Twenty-four inches is the usual space allowed for each 
 cover or person. 
 
(Photographed especially for this book.') 
 
 No. 2. DISHES TO BE USED IN INFORMAL DINNER FOLLOWING TABLE 
 LAID FOR SOUP COURSE AS SHOWN IN NO. 1. 
 
 Note convenience and care in arrangement of the dishes to be used for the re- 
 mainder of this dinner. It saves a great deal of time and anxiety to have every dish 
 in readiness for use and, at the same time, this table should be as attractive as the 
 dining table. For time saving this table may be drawn up close to the hostess where 
 she may easily reach many things without rising from the dining table. 
 
(Photographed especially for this book.) 
 NO. 3. TABLE LAID FOR COFFEE AND DESSERT. 
 
 This represents the same table shown in No. 1 at close of dinner. The dessert 
 spoon and after-dinner coffee spoon are at the right of the dessert plate which is 
 brought in with the finger bowl on it and set down before each guest, the finger 
 bowl being removed to the back and left of the plate. Then the dessert is brought 
 in and passed or placed on the dessert plate, the water and claret glasses remaining 
 during the entire meal. When dessert is finished the finger bowl is replaced on the 
 plate ready for use. The tips of the fingers are dipped in the water and wiped on 
 the napkin. Never put the napkin in the finger bowl. If necessary to wipe the lips, 
 do this by wetting the finger tips, touching the lips and then wiping with the napkin. 
 
 The coffee percolator is convenient and sociable and adds very much to the final 
 entertainment of the guests and is coming more and more into every-day use. 
 
(Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
 NO. 4. TABLE SET FOR A DINNER WHERE THE FIRST COURSE IS A 
 
 FRUIT COCKTAIL. 
 
 This is to be followed with a soup course or not as one chooses. The small plate 
 holding the cocktail glass is on the regular ten-inch service plate which is to remain on 
 the table for any other course which is to follow up to the regular meat course when 
 it is to be removed and regular dinner plate brought in. 
 
 The knives, forks and spoons are arranged in their respective places. The fork 
 to right of knife is the one to be used for the cocktail; or, if much juice is in the cock- 
 tail, a spoon should be substituted in place of fork, being laid in exactly the same 
 place as the cocktail fork. All silver placed to the right of the meat knife is sup- 
 posed to be used preceding the meat course. 
 
 Note the arrangement of the glasses: the water glass at the end of the knife 
 blade; cordial glass next, which is taken at the beginning of the meal; the sherry glass 
 next, which usually comes with the fish course and may be omitted if no fish is served; 
 and the next is the claret glass which is to be used during the entire meal. 
 
(Photographed especially for thi j book.) 
 
 NO. 5. TABLE SET FOR A DINNER WHERE THE FIRST COURSE IS A 
 
 FRUIT COCKTAIL. 
 
 This is the same as No. 4 except change in Center Decorations, 
 of No. 4.) 
 
 (See description 
 

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 NO. 6. A KITCHEN CABINET AND CONVENIENCES IN A MODERN 
 
 KITCHEN. 
 
 In the kitchen most women take too many steps in preparing meals or doing 
 their ordinary baking, Much of this work may be accomplished while sitting on a 
 stool which should be in every kitchen. Besides showing all the conveniences gathered 
 m one spot for comfortable working this illustration shows utensils in readiness for 
 bread making — the bread mixer to the left. Note the accurate measuring cup which 
 is divided into halves, quarters and thirds and is very important to use in all cooking. 
 In fact, there ts no such thing as luck in cooking in these days and accurate measurement 
 is absolutely necessary. With all supplies and utensils in one place much labor and 
 drudgery are saved in the kitchen. Note Recipe and Expense Cards at left. 
 
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THE HOUSEKEEPER'S SCIENCE OF COOKING 
 
 OR 
 
 DOMESTIC SC IENCE I N THE HOME. 
 
 " Good cooking means the knowledge of .all fruits, herbs, balms and spices, and all that 
 is healing and sweet in fields and groves, and savory in meats. It means carefulness, inven- 
 tiveness, watchfulness, willingness and readiness of appliances. It means the economy of 
 your great-grandmothers and the science of modern chemists." — Ruskin. 
 
 THE HOUSEKEEPER'S CREED. 
 
 I believe housekeeping and cooking is and should be interesting and 
 worthy work and that the majority of women would enj®y it if they had the 
 opportunity to know more of its science ; that it must be considered elevating 
 — the highest art — and not a menial and brainless occupation. If a man is not 
 ashamed of his profession or work, there is no reason why a woman should 
 be ashamed of hers. 
 
 I believe before marriage every woman should show to the man she 
 is to marry that she thoroughly understands the work of making and keeping 
 the home on a perfectly systematic and business basis, as much as the man has 
 shown her that he has a profession or business capable of providing the income 
 for the maintenance of home and family. 
 
 I believe that marriage is a life partnership with mutual interests as well 
 as love; a partnership of square dealing and equally shared responsibilities, 
 and should not be entered into from any other motive. 
 
 It is reasonable to suppose that the young woman should be able and 
 willing to keep house as conscientiously as she has taught school or music or 
 used the typewriter. 
 
 Can you use the salary of the young man wisely, economically and so that 
 each of you may live comfortably, besides saving a little for the proverbial 
 " rainy day?" This question should be answered before marriage. 
 
 I believe home making, housekeeping and all that goes with it is not 
 drudgery, is not a narrow sphere for the woman, but that it is the very high- ' 
 est type of living. 
 
 " He who gives us better homes, better books, better tools— a fairer outlook and wider 
 hope — ^him will we crown with laurel." — Emerson. 
 
 WHAT CONSTITUTES HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT. 
 
 Not many years ago everything made to meet the needs of the people was 
 created in the home. Now, as diiiferent shops and factories have taken most 
 of the productions and developed them into large and flourishing industries 
 and manufactories, there are two jjroblems always to face, and these are — 
 preduction and consumption. It is interesting to watch the wonderful strides 
 of today in producing wealth, but it is of at least equal importance how this 
 money is spent ; and the home is the center for the consumption of this wealth. 
 It has been said by students of Home Economics that the greatest financial 
 losses come through the home. If this be true, then women should begin to 
 have a better understanding of the practice of economy in the home. First, 
 they should help and encourage in every way to increase the income; and 
 2-1 1 
 
2 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 second, to lessen the expenditures. It is not always what we earn, but how 
 that is spent that insures the best economy and results in perfect, or nearly 
 perfect, household management. At the present time the difficulty with the 
 housekeeper is not so much that she has lack of income, as that she does not 
 always spend wisely. 
 
 Women are almost having their first real awakening to the fact that they 
 must acquire more knowledge and skill to do the work in the home success- 
 fully and thus live better and have greater enjoyment and prosperity. 
 
 Home-making is, or should be, a business. The home has close business 
 relations with the grocer, butcher, merchant, bank and in fact the business 
 world in general and only business-like methods can succeed. 
 
 Begin early in life with your daughters and train them in systematic 
 household management and home-making and there will be fewer financial 
 failures in the business world. 
 
 HOUSEKEEPING A PROFESSION. 
 
 Housekeeping has passed the days of mere drudgery and now ranks among 
 the professions. 
 
 There is much thought exercised by the well trained and thoughtful house- 
 wife who plans and directs and knows herself how to do any of the work in 
 the home. 
 
 We know this work takes more brains than dollars, and education and 
 training are necessary for the woman who selects the food, clothing and all the 
 works of art for the uplifting and growth of a well-balanced family, mentally, 
 morally and physically. She should be trained in the estimation of values, 
 in food, clothiilg and household furnishings. 
 
 She should have had practice in the various duties of a home before mar- 
 riage. Otherwise the expense comes at the wrong time, which is unjust' to 
 the man. Mrs. Ellen H. Richards says, " By teaching the girl under fourteen 
 how to cook, she will do it naturally and easily when she is a housewife." If 
 women knew how to do this work well, it would cease to be a drudgery. 
 
 A good business man has to know his business thoroughly and apply to 
 it ordinary business principles and systematic methods in order to succeed. 
 The same is true of housekeeping. 
 
 HOME EXPENDITURES AND ACCURATE RECORDS. 
 
 " An economical household, not a stingy one, makes a successful and contented home." 
 — Freeman. 
 
 " In olden times women thought and thought before they spent, often 
 making the spending a burden. Now women often spend and then think and 
 think and think." There should be some happy medium. 
 
 If we have studied pure foods, good taste in dressing and the same in 
 furnishings for the home, we have made great advance in the lessening of 
 home expenditures. Accurate accounts should be kept of the allowance for 
 such use and what it is spent for. There are many ways of doing this but one 
 of the simplest is a card index system on which the expenditures for the day, 
 not itemized, but headings, may be quickly noted and footed up at the end of 
 the week. This is absolutely necessary for system and economy in the home. 
 
 It is true, that all the members of the family must unite in this if it is 
 successful. They must all agree upon a universal or given standard of living. 
 It is better to divide the income to cover the necessary expenditures and then 
 try to live within it. The figures must be before you or you will find waste 
 and more waste. One housekeeper recently said to me in trying my Expense 
 
DOMESTIC SCIENCE. 3 
 
 Cards, " I found I was not losing on my regular expenditures, such as gro- 
 ceries, etc., but my * miscellaneous ' was appalling." Twenty-five cents today 
 and another tomorrow seems very little but for a month or year it means 
 much loss. 
 
 ORGANIZATION AND DIVISION OF LABOR. 
 
 It is very easy for most of us to imagine the home where no system or 
 organization exists. — ^There is no order; things are placed here today and 
 there tomorrow and valuable time is spent in searching for articles which have 
 no settled resting place. This kind of living, or staying, more properly speak- 
 ing, reacts upon every member of the household. The work is much harder 
 and costs infinitely more in time, strength and money than a definite and well 
 regulated home would cost. " It is not the revolution that wears out the 
 machinery, it is the friction," and nowhere is this so true as in the home. If 
 the housewife has had no training or experience her troubles are legion. It 
 is first in knowing how and what to do, the proper division of this labor, and 
 when it is to be done. It makes very little diflference whether it is the woman 
 with no servants or one with several. It is now conceded by every thinking 
 individual that the housewife must not only know how the work is to be 
 done ; but must be able to plan, systematize and direct the same. 
 
 Applying this knowledge every day, one need not carry the kitchen or 
 three meals a day " on their shoulders " from morning until night, but have 
 regular hours for definite and systematic work, recreation or study. It is very 
 easy to direct " Mary " to do the washing, bake a cake and have company for 
 dinner, and it is quite another thing to know the necessary time required to 
 do these things. 
 
 System is the keynote of the home. Each day's work should be planned 
 in advance; in fact, a written or printed plan of work should be in every 
 kitchen. Then a written menu of the meals. These may be written on cards, 
 one for each day of the week, and indexed under the card index system so uni- 
 versal now. On the opposite page may be references showing where recipes 
 for certain dishes may be found, or any other notes. The grocery order should 
 be made out and the refrigerator consulted at the same time. " Woman's 
 work," it is said, " is never done." It has been largely her own fault. Plan, 
 systematize, and pigeon-hole your work ; in other words, get rid of it, which 
 will be a wonderful ;:are-remover. 
 
 Woman's life, as a rule, is made up of little things. This is particularly 
 true in the spending of small sums of money; five cents here and there, then 
 a dime, quarters and dollars until in this small spending they do not realize 
 that " tremendous whole." 
 
 I repeat, housekeeping is a profession and it is the careful watching of 
 just the right time to buy, and what to buy, that constitutes good household 
 management. Much depends on the manner or style of living whether you 
 should buy in large or small quantities. Find the happy medium between 
 the hand to mouth style of living and the buying in too large quantities, which 
 may mean waste. Marketing is an art. We had better say to market well is 
 an art. Buy foods in season as nearly as possible. If you can only purchase 
 a little, buy that which is good and use every bit of it. It is the little wastes 
 that fill the garbage can. 
 
 A WELL EQUIPPED KITCHEN AND THE UTENSILS. 
 
 " The best is the cheapest " is a good rule to follow. In many homes the 
 surprise is that the meal can be prepared with the meager kitchen equipment 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 provided. Be proud of your kitchen and utensils but take care of them. The 
 very best of utensils may soon be useless if placed over too hot fires, especially 
 gas. On the other hand a medium priced article in the hands of a skilled 
 worker may outwear the very best utensil in the hands of a careless one. 
 
 Many accessories in the kitchen have come to be looked upon as " must 
 haves" through long use. The evidence of utility in 'everything, together 
 with good taste and judgment in every selection, are the great essentials in 
 buying kitchen as well as other utensils. 
 
 Fireless Cookers and Steam Cookers are doing much to overcome this, 
 as in either of these methods of cooking neither food nor utensils can be burned. 
 Do not buy every new thing that comes out. Find out whether it is of prac- 
 tical use, then buy it and use it. Too many articles and in inconvenient places 
 are as bad as not enough. Have a convenient drawer or hook for utensils and 
 always have them in that place and no other. 
 
 The Fireless and Steam Cookers and Bread Mixers are among some of the 
 kitchen utensils that have come to stay and it is the intelligent, thinking, up- 
 to-date housekeeper that is looking for the practical, helpful and attractive 
 equipment for her kitchen. 
 
 KITCHEN UTENSILS. 
 
 Range 
 
 Refrigerator 
 
 Steam Cooker 
 
 Fireless Cooker 
 
 Tea kettle 
 
 3 stew pans, 1 qt. to 3 qts. 
 
 Steel spider, 9 
 
 Double boiler, 2 qt. 
 
 Steel frying pan, 7 
 
 Toaster 
 
 Frying basket 
 
 Spatula 
 
 Muffin pan 
 
 Colander 
 
 Coflfee pot 
 
 Tea pot 
 
 Food chopper 
 
 Chopping knife and bowl 
 
 Strainers 
 
 Bread mixer 
 
 Bread pans, 8 or more 
 
 Bread board 
 
 Rolling pin 
 
 Flour sieve 
 
 Pans or basins. 
 
 Bowls, about 5 
 
 Dish pan 
 
 Drainer 
 
 Floor and stove brushes 
 
 Broom 
 
 Steel knives and forks, 3 
 
 French vegetable knife 
 
 Vegetable brush 
 
 Cream whip 
 
 Egg beaters, Dover and flat wire 
 
 beater 
 Covered roaster 
 Cake pans, layer, 2 
 
 2 or more 
 
 in assorted sizes 
 
 Meat and bread knives 
 Loaf pan, square, oblong or oval 
 Sponge cake pan « 
 
 Sink strainer ' 
 
 Scales 
 
 Soap shaker 
 
 Potato and vegetable press 
 Salt box 
 Grater 
 
 Measuring cups, 1 tin and 1 glass 
 Lemon squeezer, glass 
 Pie plates, 2 or more 
 Skewers 
 Skimmer 
 Table spoons, 3 
 Tea spoons, 3 
 Measuring spoon 
 Bread box 
 Funnel 
 
 Vegetable and pudding dishes, 2 
 Potato masher, wood 
 Garbage pail 
 
 Waste basket, closely woven 
 Receptacles for flour, sugar, cereals, con- 
 diments, molasses, etc. 
 Kitchen cabinet or table 
 Chair 
 High stool 
 
 Slotted wooden spoon 
 Wooden spoon, small size 
 Casserole 
 Custard cups 
 Tin, mold 
 Coffee mill 
 Clothes hamper 
 Carpet sweeper 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes 
 Mrs. Kirk's Housekeeping Expense Cards 
 
DOMESTIC SCIENCE. 5 
 
 LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT. 
 
 Wash tubs, S medium, 1 large Soaps 
 
 Wash board, medium Clothes basket 
 
 Clothes pins Ironing board 
 
 Clothes line Irons 
 
 Boiler Clothes stick 
 
 Wringer Clothes pole 
 
 Wash tub bench Clothes horse 
 
 Bluing Small vegetable or nail brush (for 
 
 Starch fringfes) 
 
 HOUSEKEEPER'S EVERY DAY SCHEDULE. 
 
 " In any community organized on really healthy lines, the average woman will have 
 quite enough to do in her own home, whether she is rich or poor. Nowhere else can she 
 do work of such value to the nation." — Theodore Roosevelt. 
 
 Kitchen calendars or schedules have probably been written for nearly 
 every cook-book published. It has been a serious question in my mind how 
 much time and thought to devote to this. If the housekeeper will use it, it is 
 worth while. If she is a " guess cook " or " near enough " it would be waste 
 of time to prepare it. 
 
 With the thousands of women with whom we have come in contact in the 
 past four years, I know they are steadily advancing along the line of better 
 and more wholesome living, and more accurate cooking. By such these pages 
 will be read and consulted or a copy made and framed to hang in the kitchen. 
 One of the most difficult problems the housewife has in her cooking is deter- 
 mining the tempeij^ture of the oven for baking. Moderate, hot, very hot, cool, 
 etc., may not mean the same thing to one that it does to another. Thermom- 
 eters are coming into general use, are inexpensive and will do much to not 
 only relieve the anxiety attending the baking, but there will not be failures 
 as before when it was all guess work. We are learning to be systematic and 
 accurate in all that pertains to housekeeping and cooking ; and as a result work 
 is easier and we have better cooked foods with fewer failures. 
 
 A half-pint measuring cup of tin or glass can be purchased at any depart- 
 ment store for five or ten cents, and it is standard for all recipes given. Do 
 not expect perfect results using a tea cup one time and a cofifee cup another, 
 or guessing at the halves, thirds or quarters. No matter what your experi- 
 ence or judgment, in order to have a recipe give perfect results, always — ^with 
 all conditions equal — there are certain measurements which must be strictly 
 followed. 
 
 TABLE. 
 
 1 cup equals % pint or regular measuring cup 
 
 4 tablespoonfuls % pint or regular measuring cup 
 
 1 gill equals Vz pint or regular measuring cup 
 
 1 pint equals 1 pound 
 
 1 cup of butter % pound 
 
 2% cups powdered sugar 1 pound 
 
 2 cups of sifted ilour Va pound 
 
 1 rounding tablespoonful of flour % ounce 
 
 1 rounding tablespoonful of sugar 1 ounce 
 
 1 rounding tablespoonful of butter . . . . ' 1 ounce 
 
 GENERAL TIME FOR COOKING VEGETABLES. 
 
 Boiled Potatoes 30 minutes 
 
 Boiled Rice 15 to 30 minutes 
 
 Baked Potatoes 45 minutes 
 
 Boiled Sweet Potatoes 35 minutes 
 
 Baked Sweet Potatoes 45 minutes 
 
 Boiled Turnips ^ 20 to 30 minutes 
 
6 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 New Carrots 30 minutes 
 
 Old Carrots 60 minutes 
 
 Green Corn — boil 5 to 10 minutes 
 
 Green Peas, fresh 15 minutes 
 
 Green String Beans 45 minutes 
 
 Green Shelled Beans ' 45 minutes 
 
 Green Lima Beans 30 minutes 
 
 Sliced Cabbage 20 minutes 
 
 Boiled Cabbage . . : ' 1 1 hour 
 
 Cauliflower 30 minutes 
 
 Squash 20 minutes 
 
 Stewed Tomatoes 20 minutes 
 
 Onions 45 minutes 
 
 Celery 30 minutes 
 
 Baked Bananas 30 minutes 
 
 Baked Apples 25 mihutes 
 
 BAKING. 
 
 " She can bake, she can broil, she can fry, 
 Ne'er a cake does she spoil, nor a pie. 
 She's perfectly neat. 
 Her temper is sweet. 
 And this is the reason why." 
 Much depends upon the regulation of heat in planning any definite time 
 for baking ; an oven may be slow for some things, quick for others and so on. 
 Follow recipes and note the time and kind of oven given ; this will be of more 
 service to the housekeeper than all the tables ever written. Bread and cake 
 cannot be baked once or twice in three months and you know much about tem- 
 perature of the oven. This knowledge of ovens only comes by continual prac- 
 tice, or, as before stated, by the use of a thermometer often enough to become 
 perfectl)' familiar with its registrations. 
 
 TABLE SETTING AND SERVING. 
 (Table Etiquette.) 
 When hearts are light and spirits gay 
 You almost hear the table say: 
 " These people give me hearty cheer, 
 I'm very glad they're round me here." 
 If food is wholesome, linen white, 
 China and silver polished bright, 
 With pride the table spreads its leaves. 
 Glad to dispense what it receives. 
 With friends in loving converse near 
 The table speaks for all to hear. 
 It says as plain as table can: 
 " Draw round me all, I'm spread for man." i 
 
 —Table Talk. 
 The duty of setting the table usually falls to the daughter of the house, 
 if there is one. If not, the mother has this added responsibility if she has no 
 helper in the home, and even then, if she wants care and neatness in this most 
 artistic work, as the maid of all work does not have time to devote to it. 
 There should be a certain personality in the setting of a table that belongs to 
 some member of the family. And there are some absolutely fixed rules for 
 the placing of the service on the table. 
 
 In the first place the linen should be spotless and white and as fine as your 
 style of living will warrant ; the simpler linens for every day use and the finer 
 ones for special occasions. They may be all this, but if they are not ironed 
 with great care and the corners of cloth and napkins folded perfectly even, 
 the very foundation of table setting is a failure. 
 
BREAD MAKING. 7 
 
 Have a soft pad or under-cloth on the table before the cloth is laid. The 
 linen then wears better, looks richer, and there is less noise from the dishes 
 and silver. Lay the cloth perfectly smooth and straight, being careful in doing 
 this not to make a wrinkle. Place the knives to the right of each place with 
 the blade turned toward the plate and the fork to the left, each one inch from 
 the edge of the table and allowing about twenty-four inches for each guest. 
 Place teaspoons to the left of the fork and soup spoons and oyster fork to 
 the right of the knife. Do not place too much silver on the table at once; 
 better have it brought in later, as needed, by the one doing the serving. 
 Place the butter plate back to the left of the tip of the fork, and the water glass 
 to the right at the tip of the knife. 
 
 The napkins should be folded perfectly square and placed to the left of 
 the forks. The remaining setting of the table all rests entirely upon the in- 
 genuity and good taste of the housewife. Just a suggestion — keep it simple 
 rather than have too much on it. Nothing speaks more loudly for the refine- 
 ment of a family than the perfectly set table. 
 
 In the serving, when a maid is in attendance, all food should be served 
 from the left side. If it is passed, to be setdown, from the right side. Nearly 
 eighty-five per cent, of the families are without help in this country; conse- 
 quently, most of the serving is done at the table; or, members of the family 
 take turns and in this manner there is less confusion. 
 
 bread'making. 
 
 (Including Muffins, Rolls, Pop-Overs, Gems and Griddle Cakes.) 
 
 " Full many a gem which should have raised serene. 
 Burns to a crisp behind the oven door, 
 And many a sack of flour is borne to burst unseen. 
 And waste its whiteness on the kitchen floor." 
 
 Flavor, in bread, by many people is considered one of the first requisites ; 
 and the difference in flavors is entirely due to the amount of soluble carbohy- 
 drates and the kind of flour which will produce the greatest per cent, of gluten 
 both in quality and quantity; and again upon the fermentation used in the 
 making. 
 
 Every housekeeper who wishes to be able to make perfect bread, should 
 acquaint herself thoroughly on the subject of " flours." And any of the best 
 cook-books will enlighten her on the subject with very little effort on her part. 
 The housekeeper must know all she possibly can of flour, yeast, fermentation 
 and baking, in order to attain anything like success. There are two distinct 
 kinds of flour called Spring and Winter. 
 
 The Spring wheat is stronger and contains the greater amount of gluten 
 (muscle building food^, and for this reason will retain more moisture and 
 produce a greater number of loaves of bread than the Winter. I mean by 
 this the hard Spring wheat. Personally, I prefer a blending of Spring and 
 Winter wheat, providing the mixture is largely Spring, 
 
 A good bread flour should be a rich creamy yellow, rather " sandy " in feel- 
 ing and should fall apart easily when taken between the thumb and forefinger. 
 Good pastry flour is not so yellow in appearance and is easily packed into a 
 little cake, when pressed between the thumb and forefinger. 
 
 In the following recipes for bread making it has not been possible to give 
 the exact amount of flour, as different flour, even from the same mill, re- 
 quires more or less liquid. 
 
8 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 These liquids may be water, milk, or milk and water together. The most 
 wholesome bread is made without butter or lard. If you are in doubt about 
 your yeast, a little sugar may be used, which will help to create the neces- 
 sary activity. Of course, you will not expect good bread from poor yeast; 
 but the sugar will aid the growth of yeast plants still alive. Butter and lard 
 retard the yeast and when used a little additional yeast should be supplied. 
 
 Bread should be well kneaded and this is more easily accomplished by 
 using a Bread Maker, It is the only hygienic way to knead the bread, and 
 these machines can be purchased at from $1.35 to $3.50 and are a great saving 
 both of time and labor. Bread can be well made and spoiled in the baking. 
 The oven should be ready for the bread, and that at a temperature of what is 
 called a " quick " oven, or if you use the oven thermometer ten minutes after 
 13 for twenty minutes, and then cooling to five minutes of 13, for the remain- 
 ing twenty-five minutes. Remove the bread from the oven; do not cover, 
 but allow the air to circulate freely around it. When cool place in a clean, 
 dry, bread box, which has been washed, dried over a little heat and closed to 
 keep out any particles of dust, which carry germs, producing mold. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 1. VERY BEST BREAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. « 
 
 Milk 1 Cup 
 
 Water 1 Cup Have the bread mixer clean, scalded 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful ^f.\ screwed in place. Low, if you 
 
 ^ ., 1, ^ , wish to sit down to use it and high 
 
 Compressed Yeast.... % Cake jf y^^ ^re going to Stand, so you do 
 
 Bread Flour 6 Cups not have to stoop. Put the milk and 
 
 water into the stew pan and bring to 
 
 UTENSILS- *^^ scalding point. Pour this into the 
 
 „ . ,,. HT ' ■ ^ mixer and let cool to lukewarm. Dis- 
 
 Bread Mixer Measuring Cup ^^^^^ ^he yeast in half a cup of luke- 
 
 Stew Pan • Measuring Spoon warm water, add a little flour, about 
 
 two or three teaspoonfuls, cover and set 
 this to rise, while the milk and water 
 mixture is cooling. When that is luke- 
 warm, add the yeast sponge, and only 5 cups of the flour all at once, with the 
 salt. It is better to add the remaining cup of flour as you see that it is needed, 
 but be very careful and not put in too much flour as this will make the bread 
 dry. Now turn the mixer for about 15 minutes, then if it is still sticky, add 
 the remaining flour, half a cup at a time until your dough is just right. 
 It is kneading, as much as the flour, which relieves the stickiness and makes 
 it smooth and springy to the touch; better too little, rather than too much 
 flour. About 30 or 30 minutes is usually sufficient for this kneading in the 
 mixer, then cover and set in a warm place. Now this does not mean hot, 
 nor in hot water, nor on a radiator where you would get uneven temperature) 
 but out of drafts, in a perfectly warm place. Let rise two hours or until' 
 it doubles its bulk, or breaks down and leaves a hole when you place your 
 finger int© it. Have your pans greased and warm (not hot), and divide the 
 dough into two equal parts, shaping lightly into loaves, put into the pans and 
 
BREAD MAKING. 
 
 cover with greased paper, setting in the same careful temperature to rise 
 an hour or until it has doubled its bulk and the pan feels light. Now with 
 all of this care, bread may be spoiled in baking if you do not understand 
 your oven. Have a hot quick baking oven. Put in the bread when ready 
 and bake for 15 minutes; it should just begin to have a delicate color. Now 
 lower the temperature a little so that it is a steady, moderate heat and 
 bake it for this sized loaf 45 minutes. Practice is the only sure success to- 
 wards good bread making. 
 
 If you desire a stronger flavor to your bread, knead for ten minutes after 
 the first raising and let rise again. This takes a little longer time than the 
 first process. This will make two loaves of bread. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yavrman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 4. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 2. GRAHAM BREAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Milk 1 Cup 
 
 ^°l^^^^^^ 3^* TaCles oonfuls ^^'* *^^ '^""^'' ^" ^^^ scalded 
 
 Yeas^Caice" !!.!!.!! 1 Cake^^^° milk. Cool to lukewarm and add all 
 Water (lukewarm)".'. % Cup the above ingredients, the yeast soft- 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful ened in the water. Beat thoroughly 
 
 Sru?l^"i7,^'°'"' ^Yf ^"P^ and set aside to become light; then 
 
 W*"^^ ^^°"' ^^' C"P^ turn into a long, narrow pan, and when 
 
 again light bake about an hour in a 
 
 UTENSILS: moderate oven. Do not let the dough 
 
 Stew Pan Large White Bowl become too light after turning into 
 
 Measuring Cup Bread Pan the bread pans. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. AHce Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 3. GRAHAM AND DATE BREAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS 
 
 Milk 1 Pint 
 
 Porto Rico Molasses % Cup e u ii. -n -n e ,i 
 
 White Flour iVa Cups Scald the milk. Remove from the 
 
 Graham Flour 3 Cups fire, cool and add the molasses and salt. 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful Pour into the bread mixer, and when 
 
 Compressed Yeast .. % Cake lukewarm add the yeast dissolved in the 
 
 Lukewarm Water . . % Cup . .j-, • ., , ., , 
 
 J^J^^gg 1 Q^p warm water ; sift in the white and gra- 
 
 ham flour, and beat well in the mixer. 
 UTENSILS: ^^'^ '" ^ warm place to rise (about 68° 
 
 Mread Mixer Measuring Cup Fahr.) until it doubles its bulk. 
 
 Spatula Measuring Spoon Beat again and place in greased bread 
 
 Baking Pan Knife pans. Let rise, and bake in a moderate 
 
 Bread bieve ^^^^_ For the date bread add the dates 
 
 cut up in small pieces at the time of 
 
 the second mixing or beating. Part 
 English walnuts and part dates may be used for this bread, which is very 
 nice for school sandwiches. Bake one hour in a moderate oven. Remove 
 from the pans and set on the bread sieve to cool without covering. This 
 recipe will make two loaves. 
 
 All measurements level and flour sifted before measuring. 
 
1^ THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 4. DELICIOUS BROWN BREAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Rye Meal 1% Cups 
 
 Corn Meal iVa Cups Mix the meals and flour well to- 
 Graham Flour 1 Cup gether ; dissolve the soda in a little 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful boiling water, then add to the sour 
 
 Soda 1 Teaspoonful milk ; pour, in molasses ; when all is 
 
 Best Porto Rico Mo- well mixed add to the meal the salt 
 
 lasses 1 Cup and blend all together thoroughly. 
 
 Sour Milk or Butter- Pour into well-greased Boston Brown 
 
 milk 3 Cups Bread molds, quart sizes, put on the 
 
 cover and steam in a steam cooker 
 
 UTENSILS: three hours, uncover and bake twenty 
 
 Two bowls-one Two Bread Molds "^T'"'" V ^"l" '^° T^I'rV/'VnS 
 large and one small Measuring Cup cooker, set mto a kettle of boilmg 
 
 Teaspoon Wooden Spoon water to steam. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Ahce Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 5. CORN BREAD. 
 
 lilaterials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Cornmeal 1 Cup 
 
 Flour 1 Cup ]y[jx ^^^ sjf^ all the ingredient^ 
 
 Sou? aefm .•.■.•.•.•.■.•; i"" Cu^ together. Beat the eggs, _ add to the 
 
 Eggs . ; 2 cream and pour gradually into the dry 
 
 Soda % Teaspoonful mixture; beat all well together, pour 
 
 Salt % Teaspoonful ^^^^ ^^^ greased baking pan and bake 
 
 Baking Pan Measuring Cup i". a moderate oven twenty to thirty 
 
 Egg Beater Measuring Spoon mmutes. 
 
 Recipe 6. CLOVER LEAF ROLLS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Milk 2 Cups 
 
 Butter 3 Tablespoonfuls o i i ^i -n • ^i ^ j 
 
 Sugar 2 Tablespoonfuls Scald the milk in the stew pan and 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful add the butter, sugar and salt ^to the 
 
 Compressed Yeast .. 1 Cake ij,ilk_ When lukewarm add the yeast 
 
 ^ """ cake dissolved in one-fourth cup of 
 
 ^j^_,„gjj.g, lukewarm water and gradually add 
 
 Stew Pan Measuring Cup ^^out three cups of flour. Beat thor- 
 
 Muffin Pan Tablespoon oughly, cover and lei: rise until light 
 
 Teaspoon and full of bubbles. Cut down and add 
 
 flour to make a stiff dough ; knead and 
 ■ let rise again until it doubles its bulk, 
 
 knead lightly and pinch off three small 
 rolls about the size of marbles ; dip in melted butter and place them in the 
 space for one muffin in a greased muffin pan. Repeat until the pans are full. 
 Sprinkle lightly with granulated sugar. Cover, let rise and bake from 15 
 to 20 minutes in a hot oven. These are very nice for afternoon luncheons, 
 inexpensive and very easy to make. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 5. Copyright, 1909, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
BREAD MAKING. 
 
 11 
 
 Recipe 7. GLUTEN BREAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Boiled Water 2 Cups 
 
 Sa°r.'.".".' ."fr!.: \ T^lpoonful P"t the water into the stew pan 
 
 Gluten Flour 3% Cups and bring to the boihng point. Re- 
 
 move from the fire, pour into the 
 UTENSILS: bread mixer and cool to lukewarm. 
 
 Bread "Mixer Bread Cooler Dissolve the yeast in one-fourth cup of 
 
 Two Baking Pans Measuring Cup this water and pour into the mixer, 
 
 Stew Pan Measuring Spoon then the flour and salt. Turn the mixer 
 
 until the dough is kneaded thoroughly, 
 
 15 or 20 minutes, being very careful 
 not to have it too stiff. Set to rise, in a warm place (about 75° Fahr.) to 
 become light or double its bulk. Knead again for about 10 minutes, form into 
 one loaf or two small ones, place in baking pans, cover with greased paper 
 to exclude the air and let rise again until the loaves double in size. Bake 
 45 to 50 minutes in an oven not quite as hot as for ordinary white bread. 
 When done remove to the bread cooler so the air can circulate all around it 
 'intil cold. Keep in a dry place and not with other bread. 
 
 Gluten Bread may be made entirely of milk, the same proportion as water, 
 and the white of one egg beaten lightly adding sufficient flour until it will 
 drop, not pour, from the spoon. Put at once into bread pans until light 
 and bake as in the above recipe. This bread is invaluable in all cases of 
 diabetes, dyspepsia, obesity and rheumatism. 
 
 All measurements level. Flour sifted before measuring. 
 
 Recipe 8. SOUR MILK GINGERBREAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Brown Sugar % Cup 
 
 °kss^s'?°.^.''°.^°: % Cup Put all the ingredients except the 
 
 Butter . ! 1 Tablespoonful milk, soda and flour into a stew pan 
 
 Cinnamon Vi Teaspoonful and stand on the back part of the stove 
 
 Ginger 1 Teaspoonful where it will just slowly warm, and as 
 
 S^I . . .::::::;:: 1 TeLpoonful ^t gradually heats, beat until foaming. 
 
 Flour 3% Cups Be sure and do not let it get hot. Re- 
 
 move from the fire, beat in the sour 
 UTENSILS: milk and the soda dissolved in a table- 
 
 Stew Pan Wooden Spoon spoonful of boiling water. Gradually 
 
 Measuring Cup Measuring Spoon add the flour, beating well. Grease the 
 
 Tablespoon Shallow Baking Pan shallow pan, pour in the batter and 
 
 Pastry Brush ^^^ -^^ ^ moderate oven until done. 
 
 ■ A few chopped nuts sprinkled over the 
 
 top as it is put into the oven is a very 
 nice addition. Two squares of grated chocolate melted over hot water and 
 added to this recipe will make a nice chocolate gingerbread. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Publiihed by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchelt Kirk. 
 
13 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 9. ENGLISH MUFFINS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Milk 1 Pint 
 
 f^ttf • • I TaWespoonfuls gcald the milk and add the butter. 
 
 Salt ................ 1 Teaspoonful when lukewarm add the compressed 
 
 yeast dissolved in 1^4 cup of warm 
 UTENSILS: water and salt. Put in sufficient flour 
 
 Stew Pan Tablespoon to make a drop batter, beating very- 
 
 Measuring Cup Muffin Rings or Pan well, and let rise for two hours ; heat 
 
 and grease the dripping pan, also muf-' 
 fin rings, if you use them, placing the 
 
 latter in the former and half filling 
 with the batter. Bake in a moderate oven thirty minutes until a nice brown. 
 If you use muffin pans, heat and grease them also. These are extremely tasty, 
 and very nice toasted and served very hot. If you do not have muffin rings 
 use gem pans. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. V. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Afice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 10. POP-OVERS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Pastry Flour V2 Pint 
 
 ]^^}^ y? £'"* r , Beat the eggs without separating, 
 
 Iggs • ; : ; ; : : : : ; : : : : : 3 ^^"^p°°"^"^ untn wen mixed, and ught. Add the 
 
 milk to the eggs. Into another bowl 
 
 UTENSILS: put the flour, add the salt and pour into 
 
 1 Pop-over Pan 1 Wooden Spoon it beating all the while milk and flour 
 
 1 Puree Sieve 1 Brush gradually together. Strain this batter 
 
 a Bowls 1 Measuring Cup through a sieve. Have well heated and 
 
 buttered iron gem or pop-over pans. 
 
 Fill two-thirds full with this batter and 
 bake in a moderate oven forty to fifty minutes, or until perfectly light, as 
 they will surely fall if not perfectly done. It is very important to heat the 
 pop-over pans as the desired lightness must be secured by steady heat from 
 the bottom at the very beginning of baking. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 11. CORN-MEAL 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 Sour Milk or Butter- 
 milk 1 Cup 
 
 Corn Meal iVa Cups 
 
 Flour % Cup 
 
 Salt % Teaspoonful 
 
 Soda 1 Teaspoonful 
 
 Eggs 2 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Steel Griddle Teaspoon 
 
 Cake Turner Tablespoon 
 
 Bowl Egg Beater 
 
 GRIDDLE CAKES. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Beat the eggs well in the bowl 
 without separating, adding the milk 
 with the soda dissolved in a table- 
 spoonful of boiling water. 
 
 Mix in the remaining ingredients 
 and bake on hot steel griddle. 
 
BREAD MAKING. 
 
 13 
 
 Recipe 12. 
 
 GRAHAM GEMS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Milk 1 Pint 
 
 Salt 1 Level Teasp'ful 
 
 Melted Buttpr 2 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Graham Flour 3 Cups sifted 
 
 Eggs 3 
 
 Baking Powder 2 Rounding Tea- 
 spoonful's 
 
 Egg Beater 
 Measuring Cup 
 Wooden Spoon 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Gem Pans 
 Teaspoon 
 Two Bowls 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Beat the yolks of the eggs and add 
 them to the milk, then the butter and 
 flour. Beat very hard. Beat the whites 
 to a stiff froth and add these with the 
 baking powder to the batter. Mix 
 carefully and. bake in gem pans in a 
 quick oven thirty minutes. One cup 
 of boiled rice and one-half cup of 
 chopped dates may be added to this 
 recipe and you will have a very nice 
 change. In adding the rice use one- 
 half cup less of flour. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking !Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 13. 
 
 BUCKWHEAT CAKES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Compressed Yeast .. % Cake 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful 
 
 Melted Butter 1 Teaspoonful 
 
 Molasses 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Water 2 Quarts 
 
 Buckwheat Flour . . 
 
 Baking Soda V2 Teaspoonful 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Steel Pancake 
 
 Griddle 
 Pitcher 
 Cake Turner 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 
 Teaspoon 
 
 Tablespoon 
 
 (;, Dissolve the yeast in one-half cup 
 of lukewarm water, pouring it into the 
 pitcher v/ith two quarts of water the 
 same temperature. Make a smooth 
 batter, which will run from the spoon, 
 from the best buckwheat flour, at the 
 same time adding the salt. Beat well 
 and let stand over night. In the morn- 
 ing take out a pint of the mixture and 
 set to one side. Now put into the 
 pitcher the remaining ingredients. 
 
 Mix lightly all together and bake on a 
 
 hot griddle. 
 If there is any left after baking add the pint to it which has been set to 
 one side, and the night before using pour in a pint of lukewarm water, add 
 the salt and sufficient flour to make the batter as previously directed, and 
 proceed as before, except now add one-half teaspoonful of baking soda dis- 
 solved in a little boiling water and stirred in carefully just before baking. 
 Always save out some batter the first thing in the morning for the next 
 baking. If some white flour is desired simply lesson the quantity of buck- 
 wheat but these cakes eaten occasionally will cause no trouble. 
 
 Making the batter in this way may be continued for a week if kept in 
 a cool place, then if any is left it should be thrown out and start fresh again. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawmao & ErUe Mfe. Od., Rothester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Cppyright, 19C«. by Mrs. Alice Gitthell Kirlc. 
 
14 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 CAKES, 
 
 (Including Butter Cakes, Sponge Cakes, Layer Cakes, Loaf Cakes, Fruit 
 Cakes, Cookies, Fillings and Icings.) 
 
 " The character of all work depends upon the intelligence of the person who performs it." 
 
 All measurements level unless otherwise stated. Flour sifted before 
 , measuring. 
 
 There are only two kinds of cakes — ^butter cakes and sponge cakes, and 
 they must be considered separately as to the manner in which they are put to- 
 gether and in baking. All butter cakes are stirred or beaten ; for all sponge 
 cakes, a motion called " cut " or " fold in " is used. This refers to the manner 
 in which the flour and sugar are put into the cake. One stroke too much in 
 sponge or angel cakes only toughens them. 
 
 There are three things very necessary in cake making. 
 
 First — material,, which should be the very best butter, freshest eggs, fine 
 granulated cane sugar, pastry flour and pure cream of tartar baking powder. 
 
 Second — putting the materials properly together. 
 
 Creaming the butter, gradually adding the sugar and then alternating with 
 whatever liquid is used and flour. Whites of eggs if used, beaten stiff, and 
 then the baking powder. This is only a general principle and all depends upon 
 the texture desired in the cakes. 
 
 Third — ^this is the most difficult task of all, and it is knowing how to man- 
 age the oven. 
 
 If I say " a moderate oven," that may mean one thing to me and another 
 to you. The same is true of any other temperature and nine-tenths of the 
 failures in cake making come through not understanding the proper relation 
 of heat to the cake in the oven. Oven thermometers are coming into common 
 use and will no doubt prove very helpful. There is no such, thing as luck in 
 cake baking. There must be accuracy in measurements with all the other 
 qualifications named. Cake baking is a science. Science is exact' knowledge. 
 Know the very best ways of doing, follow your recipe accurately and with 
 some knowledge of the laws of heat in the oven and success is assured. 
 
 Never remove a cake from the pan until perfectly cold. 
 
 Never use a greased pan. 
 
 Use the best cream of tartar baking powder. 
 
 See that all utensils and materials are ready for use before beginning your 
 cake. 
 
 Use as few utensils as possible to insure good work. 
 
 Be neat and orderly in your work and do not scatter flour and spill 
 materials. 
 
 A cake made with water instead of milk will be more tender and keep 
 moist longer. 
 
 To be a successful cake-maker one should make cake often, at least once 
 a week, until you have mastered the general principles involved in it and then 
 good judgment and brains must be mixed with every cake to insure success. 
 
 Cakes without butter require a very moderate oven; in fact, start with 
 barely a warm oven until raised to its full height; then increase slightly to 
 brown. 
 
 Cakes with butter require a moderatiely hot oven. 
 
 Layer cakes are baked more quickly than lOaf cakes. 
 
CAKES. 
 
 15 
 
 All molasses cakes and gingerbreads require a moderate oven as they 
 burn easily. 
 
 Steam fruit cakes, when possible, and finish half an hour in a moderate 
 oven to brown. 
 
 The " one, two, three, four cake " used by our grandmothers is really the 
 mother of all butter cakes used today, while the sponge cake is the foundation 
 from which angel food and sunshine cakes are derived. 
 
 Certain proportions are used as guides in all butter cakes ; there is less 
 sugar than flour and less butter than sugar. Where no eggs are used more 
 baking powder is necessary. For instance, one teaspoonful of baking powder 
 is suificient for each cup of flour if several eggs are used. Do not use too 
 much baking powder as the cake is likely to be coarse grained and dry quickly. 
 
 It is not necessary to have so many recipes as it is to obtain changes ki 
 flavoring and filling. 
 
 Recipe 1. LAYER CAKE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Butter V2 Cup 
 
 LXwa"m Water':: f" Cup' Beat the butter to a cream, add 
 
 Pastry Flour 2% Cups the sugar slowly, beating both until 
 
 Eggs Whites of 4 creamy. Gradually add the water, then 
 
 Cream of Tartar. ... 2 Rounding Tea- ^^ Aq^j. ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ay. Beat thor- 
 
 Balang Powder.... spoonfuls ^^^j^j^. ^j^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ well-beaten 
 
 UTENSILS: whites of the eggs and the baking pow- 
 Two Bowls Teaspoon der, folded in gently but quickly. Put 
 Wooden Spoon Spatula at once in ungreased Van Deusen cake 
 Egg Beater Cake Pans pans and bake twenty minutes in a 
 Measuring Cup q^j^j^ Q^gjj Invert the pan and let it 
 . ■ remain until cool. Remove from the 
 pans and put together with any de- 
 sired filling. Use the spatula to remove every particle of batter in lihe 
 bowl. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 2. MAPLE SNOW CAKE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Gran. Sugar 1% Cups 
 
 Butter Vq Cup 
 
 Pastry Flour 2% Cups 
 
 Lukewarm Water . . 1 Cup 
 
 Eggs 2 
 
 Baking Powder 4 Teaspoonfuls 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 One Long Cake Pan Mixing Bowl 
 Wooden SiWten 
 Spatula 
 Eg-g Beater 
 
 Measuring: Cup 
 FMV STeve 
 
 Put the butter into the mixing 
 bowl and with wooden spoon beat un- 
 til creamy, add gradually the sugar, 
 then the yolks which have been beaten 
 until thick and lemon colqred. Meas- 
 ure the flour and put into the flour 
 sifter, then measure the water and al- 
 ternate in adding to the mixture. Beat 
 this thoroughly and then cut and fold 
 in the well-bteaten whites fof, egg^ and 
 the raking powder. Bake in an oalong 
 pa'n. 
 
16 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Filling. 
 
 Cook one pint of maple syrup and one-fourth cup of butter until it forms 
 a soft ball when dropped in cold water. Just before the syrup is cooked 
 enough add four tablespoonfuls of water to one-half pound of marshmallows 
 and set them over the hot water. When they are melted beat them into 
 the syrup mixture and continue until cool and stiff enough to remain on 
 the cake. This should be soft and creamy and cut without cracking. Spread 
 all over the cake and cover thickly with freshly grated cocoanuto 
 
 All measurements level unless otherwise stated. 
 
 Recipe 3. MAY CAKES. 
 
 Materials. Measure, DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Eggs 2 
 
 Butfe'r '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 4, Cup Beat the yolks of the eggs grad- 
 Molasses % Cap ually beating in the sugar, butter soft- 
 Sour Milk % Cup J J II?. ^1. . J- ^ T-v- 
 
 Flour 1% Cups &nta and all the other mgredients. Dis- 
 
 Cinnamon — 1 Teaspoonful solve the soda in a tablespoonful of' 
 
 Cloves % Teaspoonful . •!• ^ i .• . .i ■■,-, , 
 
 Nutmeg boilmg water, addmg to the milk and 
 
 Raisins ^ Cup then to the molasses. Fold in the 
 
 Soda 1 Teaspoonful n t, ^ i -^ c .• 
 
 Walnut Meats well-beaten whites of the eggs, raisins 
 
 UTENSILS" ^^^ nuts; bake in small pans or gem 
 
 Dover Egg Beater Bowl pans; cover with boiled frosting and 
 
 TfblLTopn S"cho'^^er decorate with ribbons of chocolate 
 
 Measuring Cup icing. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Publislied by Yaivman & Erbe Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk., 
 
 Recipe 4. FRUIT DROPS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Butter 1 Cup 
 
 "B^B '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. z ^ ^^^ Cream the butter, add the sugar 
 
 Sofa •.. 1 Teaspoonful gradually and eggs well beaten, and 
 
 Hot Water 1 Tabtespoonful . , j . • , , . , ' 
 
 Flour 3% Cups the soda dissolved in the water. Then 
 
 Cinnamon 1 Teaspoonful mix in half the flour with the cinna- 
 
 English Walnuts ^ t^ j . •. 
 
 (chopped) 1 Cup ^O" Sifted in it. 
 
 SeeTed' Raikns ' W. i I Cu? lastly add walnuts chopped, fruit 
 
 UTENSILS: and the remaining flour. Drop by tea- 
 
 KaSW TeaSfoT ^P°°"f"Is ^t least, one inch apart and 
 
 Wooden Spoon bake in a moderate oven. 
 
 _ _. _ Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 Publisbed^y, Yawman & ^fte Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y, 
 Co^r4[&ti IBOa, by Mrs. Afice GitdieU Kirfc 
 
CAKES. 
 
 17 
 
 Recipe 5. TEA CAKES. 
 
 Materials, Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Butter , % Cup | 
 
 iufewarm WaVer'or ^ ^"^ Beat the butter to a cream. Add 
 
 Milk Vz Cup gradually the sugar, then the milk or 
 
 Eggs" 7. ...... .1°.'.','. 3 ^^' water, and the flour, now beating well. 
 
 Nutmeg % Teaspoonful Add the eggs well beaten, nutmeg and 
 
 Baking Powder ..». a Teaspoonfuls baking powder. Bake in heart-shaped 
 
 Two Bowls ^"^^^MAo^oden Spoon P^"^ and ice with pink icing. Or, 
 
 Teaspoon Measuring Cup bake in gem pans and serve plain. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Ulg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906. by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirlfc 
 
 Recipe 6. 
 
 Materials. 
 
 WHITE 
 
 Measure. 
 
 % 
 
 Cup 
 Cups 
 
 Butter ;.......... 
 
 Pastry Flour ....... 3 
 
 Gran. Sugar iVi Cups 
 
 Whites of Eggs ^ . . . 6 
 Grated rind and 
 juice of Lemon . . % Lemon 
 
 Soda 
 
 Va Teaspoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Mixing Bowl 
 Wooden Spoon 
 Egg Beater 
 
 Cake Pan 
 Flour Sifter 
 
 LOAF CAKE. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Beat the butter to a cream, then 
 gradually beat in the flour sifted two 
 or three times with the soda. Beat 
 the whites of eggs dry and gradually 
 beat in the sugar. Now beat this a 
 little at a time into the butter and 
 , flour mixture and at the last the lemon. 
 Line the bottom of the cake pan 
 with buttered paper, grease the re- 
 mamder of the pan, pour in the batter 
 and bake in a steady but not too hot 
 oven in the beginning, for about 45 
 miriutes or until done. 
 
 Recipe 7. AFTERNOON MARGUERITES. 
 
 WhitcW&s 2 """" DIRECTIONS. 
 
 w^r !!!".'!!.'!!!!! % Cup Spread the wafers thickly with 
 
 VamJIa V2 Teaspoonful raspberry jam. Make a bdiled icing of 
 
 J?™'^!^ Nut Meats 1 Cup the eggs, sugar and water. Flavor 
 
 S^ryYam '.!.:: f«d add nuts. Spread thickly over the 
 
 Jam and bake in a very moderate oven 
 
 UTENSILS: until a delicate brown. 
 Stew Pan Spatula 
 
 Flat Egg Bfeater DrippSng Patt Boiled Icing. 
 
 ■ ■ Into the stew pan put the sugar 
 
 and water, place over the fire and stir 
 until dissolved. Boil it until it will spin a thread between the thumb andl 
 forefinger. Have ready the well-beaten whites of the eggs and pour this hot 
 syrup slowly over thtm, beating all the while and so continue until cold. 
 Add the vanilla, Iffeat wdl agaifi anM it is ready fer use. Thfe fdlfoSwlng fill- 
 ingS may afeo He u*9 ftfr a changfe for Mar'gufefr'ites : 
 9—2 
 
18 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK, 
 
 Fig Filling. 
 Boil one cup of chopped figs and one tablespoonful each of water and 
 sugar until a paste. Spread between layer with cream filling on top. Add 
 the other layer and cover with plain cream filling. 
 
 Nut Filling. 
 Chop one cup of pecans or English walnuts and add to half of the cream 
 filling and between layers and the remaining filling on top. Decorate with 
 halves of the nut meats. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk„ 
 
 Recipe 8. LEMON COOKIES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Butter 1 Cup Squeeze the lemon juice into a cup, 
 
 fe^^ ^\ ^"P" lesc the ^"^ P"t '" sufficient water to make the 
 
 ^''*" juke of 1 lemon cup half full. Cream the butter and 
 
 Eggs 2 sugar, add the beaten eggs, mix well, 
 
 Baking Powder — 2 Teaspoonfuls add the water and other ingredients. 
 
 Rind of Lemon (grated) Mix with flour as soft as can be rolled, 
 
 UTENSILS: sprinkle with sugar, cut and bake in a 
 
 Measuring Cup Wooden Spoon gujck oven. A raisin, nut or cherry 
 
 Lemon Squeezer Mouldmg Board ^ , j. ■ ^.i. ^ c i 
 
 Mixing Bowl Rolling Pin ^^Y . be put m the center of each 
 
 Egg Beater Spatula cookie. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. V. * 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 9. FRUIT CAKE. 
 
 Materials. Measure,, Weight. DIRECTIONS, 
 
 Butter iJ4 lbs. Beat the butter until very creamy, 
 
 |iSf/ 12 ^^^ ^^^- then slowly add the sugar, beating all 
 
 CnTTints ........... l%lbs. the time. Whip the whites until very 
 
 Raisins 1% lbs. stiff and mix with the sugar and butter. 
 
 Shelled Almonds . . % lb. Beat the yolks for ten minutes as they 
 
 CandFed 'Lemon and ^" ^^^ ^^Y^'y .^f ^t and creamy Add 
 
 Orange Peel, each % lb. P^"^ ^° the mixture then gradually sift 
 
 Powdered Mace — Vi Saltsp'ful in the flour, beating well all the time. 
 
 Nutmeg _ Vj Saltsp'ful and as much as possible while adding 
 
 Firr^"!.:::::::: '^'^■"* iy.lbs. aH the remajiing ingredients ; the cur- 
 Candied Cherries ... % lb. '"^^^s cleaned by washing and rubbing 
 
 .„_.„-T«. dry in a towel to get out all the little 
 
 ..• • J ,1, c-.. stems; buy tke seeded raisins, put 
 
 Er/Be'^te"" ^°"' Fool Chopper '^'°^S^ t?^ f°f chopper, also the al- 
 
 Wooden Spoon Measuring Cup !H?"°S' "tron, lemon and orange peel. 
 
 Pastry Brush Cake Pans Slice the candied cherries, and lastly 
 
 add any kind of fruit juice, raspberry 
 
 being especially nice. Line three long, 
 narrow cake pans with paper, butter well and divide the cake mixture, baking 
 in a very slow oven three hours, or cover and steam for two hours and bake 
 one and one-half hours; the latter makes a much more moist cake. This 
 calce Will keep indefinitely. This recipe will make sy^ lbs. of fruit cake. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Ctioking Recipes. 
 
 Published by YaWmaa ^ Erbe Mfg. Co., Rdtbester, N. Y. 
 
 SupplemSrftal Set No. 2. Cfijpyright, 19J8, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell BUrk 
 
CAKES. 
 
 19 
 
 Recipe 10. LADY BALTIMORE CAKK 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Sugar 2 Cups 
 
 ^^°^Ij. ^0/ S"P® Cream the butter and gradually- 
 Rich^ Milk ......... % Cup ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ sugar, beating the remain- 
 Eggs !!*.1[.!!. 5 ing sugar into the yolks of the eggs. 
 
 Cream of Tartar — 8 Teaspoonfuls Sift the cream of tartar and soda twice 
 
 1°^* 1 Teaspoonful through the flour and gradually add 
 
 Raisins'!!!!"*.!!!!! 1 Cup this, alternating with the milk. Cut 
 
 Citron .!!!!!!!!!!!! l Piece and fold in the whites of the eggs 
 
 Small Cocoanut .... 1 beaten stiff. Divide this mixture and 
 
 Boired fcing'".°"'?!! ! ^^^°^. ^^'^ ^^^^ ^°^^ ^^^ i"t° ^^^ °^^^'* 
 
 half is stirred one teaspoonful of va- 
 
 UTENSILS: nilla, lemon or almond. Bake in four 
 
 Measuring Cup Egg Beater layers, two of white and two of spice. 
 
 Measuring Spoon Flour Sifter Make the boiled icing by Recipe No. 
 
 Mixing Bowl Four Layer Cake 7 cake, and beat into it all the filling 
 
 Wooden Spoon Pans ingredients, raisins seeded and cut fine, 
 
 ' citron shaved thin, and the almonds 
 
 left to put on top of cake. Blanch the 
 almonds by letting them stand in cold water several hours. Remove the 
 skins and put into an oven to dry. When the cakes are cool, spread the mix- 
 ture thickly between them and finish the top one, which should be white, 
 with powdered sugar sprinkled over it and the almonds stuck in end-wise. 
 This is a genuine southern recipe but is not so considered if the top is frosted 
 as is sometimes done. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Kecipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 4. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kjik. 
 
 Recipe 11. LEMON SPONGE CAKE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONSv 
 
 Eggs 5 
 
 Jt^SVnd rlAd of one ^ * ^^^ Beat the whites of the eggs until 
 
 Lemon perfectly dry. Beat the yolks very 
 
 Flour 1% Cups light and gradually beat in the sugar 
 
 and the grated rind and juice of the 
 
 , UTENSILS! lemon, cut and fold in half of the 
 
 ^ll?Tirf B^^e^ter PlaTte? ''^""^" ^-^ites,. then half of the flour, and the 
 
 Grater Bowl remaining whites and flour. Bake in 
 
 Cake Pan a Turk's Head pan fifty minutes. 
 
 Cover with boiled frosting. Vary this 
 
 — cake by baking in an open mold and 
 
 filling the center with sliced peaches, 
 pears or any desired fruits. Serve as a dessert with whipped cream piled 
 high in the center of the peaches, and garnished with slices of peaches. 
 Pass whipped cream with tjiis dessert. This is very nice served at luncheon. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Hedpes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 C<vyriight, 1906, by Mrs. Afice Grtchel! Krk. 
 
20 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 12. GOLDEN LOAF SUGAR. 
 
 E Y^T'^'*" 8 ***''™"" DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Gran. Sugar iM Cups 
 
 Butter % Cup Cream the butter; gradually add 
 
 Milk^. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. % Cup the sugar; beat the yolks until light; 
 
 Pastry Flour sVa Cups add the cream of tartar and beat very 
 
 Cream of Tartar ... 1 Teaspoonful , • , , » , . , , . 
 
 Soda % Teaspoonful "ght. Add this to the butter mixture 
 
 Vanilla .1 Teaspoonful and stir thoroughly. Now alternate 
 
 Mixing Bowl Slotted Wooden with the milk, flour, water, and flavor- 
 Measuring Cup Spoon ing at the last. Bake in a moderate 
 Cake Pan Measuring Spoon ° . „,> ^ (.„ • ^ 
 
 Egg Beater oven from 30 to 50 minutes. 
 
 Recipe 13. EASY ANGEL CAKE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Whites of Eggs .... 1 Cup 
 
 Rou"; .^.'!^!'; .::::::: i^ cup Measure the flour and sift several 
 
 Cream' of Tartar .. . 1 Teaspoonful times on a piece of paper; then in the 
 
 Flavoring 1 Teaspoonful same way the sugar. Break the whites 
 
 of eggs into a cup and when full empty 
 
 UTENSILS: into a platter, beat until foamy, add 
 
 Loaf Cake Pan Measuring Cup cream of tartar and beat until stiff; 
 
 Fla? Wirf BeaTer Lame p/atTer gradually cut and fold in the sugar and 
 
 Flat Wire Beater Large Flatter ^^^^ ^^ ^j^j^ p^j^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ 
 
 ■ not beat nor stir but with your flat 
 
 beater cut and fold as directed. When 
 the flour is nearly in add the flavoring. Pour into a new cake pan or one 
 that has never been greased and bake in a very moderate oven from 25 to 
 30 minutes. 
 
 Recipe 14. CREAM FILLING OR BOILED ICING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Sugar 1 Cup 
 
 Water % Cup Put the sugar and water on the 
 
 Whites of Eggs — 2 Stove, stir until the sugar is dissolved. 
 
 Lemon Juice 1 Teaspoonful Boil until it will spin a thread. Have 
 
 ready the well-beaten whites of the 
 
 TTTWKrcTT c. ^^^^ ^""^ P°^^ t'^is hot syrup slowly 
 
 UTENSILS. o^gr them, beating all the while, and 
 
 Saucepan Tablespoon so continue until cold. Add the lemon 
 
 Measuring Cup Egg Beater and flavoring ; beat well again. Put 
 
 Teaspoon between and on top of layers. 
 
 _ ... . M."?' ?SrV's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 PubIiBlied,fe X.awroan li ^rBfe Wfe. Co.. RWfchester, N. V. 
 CS^^tisibit, im, Sy^is. Aflce Git^dl Kirk! 
 
CAKES. 
 
 21 
 
 Kecipe 15. 
 
 SUNSHINE CAKE. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Materials. 
 Whites of Eggs .... 7 
 
 Yolks of Eggs o 5 
 
 Gran. Sugar 1% Cups 
 
 Cream of Tart?ir .... % Teaspoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Two Bowls 
 Measuring Cup 
 Baking Pan 
 
 Egg Beater 
 Measuring Spoon 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Have all the material ready. Meas- 
 ure and sift the flour several times. 
 Do the same with the sugar. Separate 
 the eggs putting whites into one bowl 
 and yolks into another; beat yolks 
 light and stiff, beat whites until foamy. 
 Add cream of tartar and beat very stiff. 
 Cut and fold in the sugar and add the 
 yolks and flavoring; now fold in the 
 flour and pour into an angel cake pan 
 and bake in a moderate oven 45 to 50 
 minutes. 
 
 Recipe 16. MOCHA FitLING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Black Coffee 2 Tablespoonfuls Prepare the coffee as usual, ex- 
 
 Powdered Sugar ... 1V2 Cups cept allow double the amount always 
 
 Chopped Nuts V2 Cup for black coffee. Cool. Beat the butter 
 
 Yolks of Eggs — .2 to a cream, add the yolks and beat 
 
 well, then the coffee and gradually the 
 
 sugar, beating well all the while. Mix 
 
 UTENSILS: 1 }„ the nuts, which are chopped medium 
 
 Measuring Cup Tablespoon fine. Now (Recipe 1, Cake). Or the 
 
 Small Wire Egg Food Chopper nuts may be put into the layer cakes 
 
 Beater Bowl instead of the filling. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 3. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 17. MARSHMALLOW FILLING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Marshmallows 1 lb. -o j. i. ic ^t. t. n 
 
 ■yy^^gj. y^ (-y Put half the marshmallows into a 
 
 Whites of Eggs 2 double boiler with the water over the 
 
 Vanilla '.V." 1 Teaspoonful ^f e until melted. Beat the whites of 
 
 Lemon Juice 1 Teaspoonful the eggs until very stiff and gradually 
 
 pour over the marshmallows (melted). 
 
 Flavor and put between the cake. The 
 
 TTT-iTMeTT c remaining half of marshmallows may 
 
 UTiiNbiLS): Ijg py^. jjj^Q ^jjg Qygj^ yjj^jj ^jjgy. g^gjj 
 
 Double Boiler Teaspoon but do not brown. Put them on top 
 
 Egg Beater Measuring Cup of the cake and pour boiled filling over 
 
 Bow! Lemon Squeezer them. 
 
S3 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 18. CREAM MAPLE FILLING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Maple Syrup 2 Cups 
 
 Cream 2 Tablespoonfuls Cook the maple syrup until it is al- 
 
 Vanilla 6 Drops most ready to " thread," then add the 
 
 cream and bring to the boiling point. 
 
 UTENSILS: Beat very thoroughly until it begins 
 
 Saucepan Food Chopper or to grow thick ; add minced walnuts or 
 
 Measuring Cup Chopping Bowl hickory nut meats. This should be 
 
 Tablespoon and Knife thin enough to run over the cake. 
 
 Recipe 19. CHOCOLATE ICING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Baker's Chocolate.. 2 Squares 
 
 Milk % Cup Put chocolate alnd milk in a double 
 
 ^l^^l^ I TealpoCnful ^°"^^ ' when hot add butter ; take from 
 
 XXX Sugar .....'..! the fire and when perfectly cold add 
 
 UTENSILS: sufficient sugar for spreading; add 
 
 Double Boiler Teaspoon vanilla. 
 
 Measuring Cup Spatula or Knife 
 
 MEATS. 
 
 (Including Roasts, Steaks, Chops, Irish Stews, Poultry and Dressings.) * 
 
 " Enough is as good as a feast." 
 " Most of the want and much of the misery in this world may trace its begin- 
 ning to lack of early training in the fundamentals of self development, character 
 building and thrift, using the world in its best sense." — Good Housekeeping. 
 
 (All Measurements Level.) 
 
 The people of this nation live under intense excitement and energy, and 
 with this great mental activity which ' really seems necessary in this age, 
 meats, at least in small quantities, should be used for quick results. We are 
 living, however, in a vegetable period and not a meat period, or more correctly 
 speaking, we are just coming into it. 
 
 Where one demands meat and another vegetables much depends largely 
 upon the life they live. In a vegetable diet of the right sort followed with less 
 rapid living there is nothing better. 
 
 Pork should never be used by anyone who desires the best of food, but 
 there can be no laws laid down as to what one should or should not eat. Think 
 for yourself, investigate and study the best authorities on the subject. 
 
 Find out the foods with the combinations best suited to your particular 
 needs and manner of living and then live as near to this standard as possible. 
 
 In the ordinary family the greater part of the muscle building and re- 
 pairing of waste tissues is probably furnished by meat. If all the women 
 knew how to buy and cook the cheaper cuts of meat it would help to keep 
 down the prices of the more expensive cuts, besides, giving the family a larger 
 percentage of nutrition. Most cooking of meat has been too rapid. " Get a 
 meal quickly " has been the housewife's cry. Yes, and empty your purse 
 quickly at the same time, has been the result. 
 
 While it is true the better the piece of meat the better the result, as a 
 general thing it is possible and desirable in the average family to save expense 
 
MEATS. 23 
 
 ■where it may be done without serious loss. Wise buying and careful cooking 
 applies particularly to meats. Good meat may be spoiled by poor cooking and, 
 on the other hand, an inferior piece of meat can be made exceedingly palat- 
 able by knowing just how to cook it. All sorts of good appetizling dishes may 
 be prepared from the so-called cheaper cuts of meats. Never drop meat from 
 your bill of fare unless you can supply the proper elements to nourish and 
 sustain the body through other foods. 
 
 The housekeeper who does her own marketing should know how to buy 
 not only the cheaper cuts of meats but the better ones as well. This practical 
 knowledge of marketing on the part of the housekeeper affects to a marked 
 degree both the comfort and the expense book of the family. Intelligence and 
 skill in buying are only secured by careful practice and the purchaser must 
 not be afraid to ask questions or show her ignorance when necessary. Most 
 men in the markets will be found courteous and helpful if you will only let 
 your wants be known. If your meals are planned ahead, and they should be, 
 more than a single day's orders may be purchased ahead. This saves time 
 and energy as the meat is the basis upon which the remainder of the meal is 
 planned. 
 
 Recipe 1. ' ROAST BEEF. 
 
 To roast a piece of beef perfectly is no small art and yet so little has to 
 be remembered to do it well. 
 
 The oven should be very hot. 
 
 Wipe the meat with a wet or damp cloth ; place it in the baking pan, add- 
 ing one teaspoonful of salt (not over the meat) and enough boiling water to 
 keep the pan from burning. Sear well over the top. When this is done, lower 
 the fire to a hot oven, dust the meat with pepper and bastp often until done. 
 This will require about twenty minutes to the pound, or longer if it is liked 
 better done, although the best juices and~ sweetness of the meat are lost <by 
 over-cooking. 
 
 Two things must be kept clearly in mind and these are : — first, have the 
 oven hot; second, when the meat should be basted, baste and let nothing in- 
 terfere. 
 
 Another way is to have a covered roaster. Then the meat is put in dry 
 and it is self-basting, which does away with much extra, work. 
 
 Again, a roast may be placed in the baking attachment of the Fireless 
 Cooker and with the soap stones heated and all covered closely with the hood, 
 the roasting will be perfectly done without heat in the kitchen and the house- 
 wife free to do as she chooses. 
 
 Recipe 2. ROAST BEEF. 
 
 Materials. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Roast of Beef 5 or 6 lbs. 
 
 Salt Under all circumstances, whether 
 
 Pepper you burn coal, yvood or gas, heat the 
 
 UTENSILS- oven to a very hot temperature before 
 
 , „ , . .„ „ '. ^ putting in the roast. Select a good 
 
 Covered Baking Pan Bast.ng Spoon ^^^ roast— two ribs make a very nice 
 
 Long Handled Fork roast— of five or six pounds. This 
 
 may be boned and rolled, the bones 
 
 sent home with the meat to be used 
 
24 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 for soups or gravies. If boned, it is rolled with a piece of suet and tied ; this 
 is a much better way than using skewers as they are in the way when carv- 
 ing and difficult to remove. There are two terms, " roasting " and " baking." 
 The former is placing on the broiler over the pan, searing first one side and 
 then the other and proceed as you would for steak, reducing the tempera- 
 ture and lowering the flame to finish, basting with the fat and allowing 
 fifteen or twenty minutes to the pound. 
 
 For baking proceed just the same except place in a covered baking pan 
 with sufficient hot water to keep from burning the pan and sear for fifteen 
 minutes, then reduce the heat, add the salt to the pan, dredge the 
 meat with a little pepper and finish as for roasting. Remember that slow 
 cooking will add greatly to the flavor of pork but will destroy . entirely thf. 
 flavor of beef. If dry and tasteless it has been poorly cooked. 
 
 Recipe 3. POT ROAST. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 ,Beef 3% lbs. 
 
 ^^.* — ^ ^''- Choose a thick cut of beef from 
 
 BoU°ng Water'!!.!! 1 Pint ^^^ shoulder and wipe with a damp 
 
 Salt ! ! ! ! ! cloth. Have the kettle hot and put in 
 
 Pepper the suet and rend the fat. Remove the 
 
 UTFNSI'LS' scraps, add the onion sliced, and cook* 
 
 until a light brown. Remove these 
 
 Kettle Measuring Cup f^Qj^ ^he kettle and put in the meat; 
 
 ^^ °^ sear on one side, and then on the other. 
 
 Turn once more and put the onions 
 
 on the meat and add the boiling water. 
 Cover and simmer slowly one hour; season with salt and pepper and con- 
 tinue to cook until done, an hour and a half or two hours. The secret of a 
 pot roast is more in the cooking than in the meat, being sure not to let it 
 boil at any time. Have. sufficient liquid in the kettle for gravy which may be 
 thickened with a tablespoonful of flour after the meat is removed to a 
 platter. Pour the gravy over the whole and sprinkle with finely chopped 
 parsley. 
 
 Potatoes may be cooked with this and half a pound of well-washed prunes 
 may be added for flavor and served with the roast, or removed and pickled 
 to be used as a relish. 
 
 Recipe 4. IRISH STEW WITH DUMPLINGS. 
 
 Put three ounces of suet into a kettle. When the fat is rendered out of it, 
 remove the cracklings and slice one onion in the fat and cook until a nice 
 brown. Have two pounds of lean meat from the round cut into two inch 
 squares, to this meat add two tablespooniuls of flour. Rub well together then 
 throw into the hot fat and shake over a hot fire until nicely browned. Add 
 one pint of stock or water ; stir until boiling. Slice one carrot, add one bay 
 leaf, 1 teaspoonful of kitchen bouquet, 1 teaspoonful of salt, and pepper to 
 taste. Cook slowly for one hour and a half. Ten minutes before the meat is 
 done add dumplings made as follows: 
 
MEATS. 
 
 85 
 
 Dumplings. 
 
 1 pint of flour, 
 
 1 rounding teaspoonful of baking powder, 
 
 l^ teaspoonful of salt, 
 
 1 cup of milk. 
 
 Sift dry ingredients well together and add more or less milk so that batter 
 will drop from the spoon. Drop by teaspoonful over the meat, cover — and 
 keep covered — for ten minutes. Serve on a platter with meat in the center 
 surrounded by the dumplings and the whole garnished with parsley. 
 
 Recipe 5. STEAK AND VEGETABLES EN CASSEROLE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Round Steak 2 lbs. 
 
 Turnip 1 Peel the onions and cut the vege- 
 
 Carrot 1 tables into fancy shapes or cubes. Put 
 
 Potato 1 a thick layer of these into the bottom 
 
 Flour 2 Tablespoonfuls of the casserole dish. Put the spider, 
 
 Silver-Skinned over the fire. When very hot throw 
 
 Onions % Pint in the steak, cut in inch squares, and 
 
 Celery Seed Vi Teaspoonful gear over very quickly, shaking the 
 
 Chopped Parsley ... 2 Tablespoonfuls flour over the meat while searing. Put 
 
 Kitchen Bouquet ... 1 Teaspoonful the meat over the vegetables and the 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful remaining vegetables and seasoning 
 
 Boiling Stock or over the top. Pour the boiling water 
 
 Water 172 Pints ^j. gtock into the spider, stirring well 
 
 P^PP^"" from the bottom. Add kitchen bou- 
 
 UTENSILS* quet and a little more flour if desired 
 
 Casserole Dish Paring Knife to make a very thin brown sauce— pour 
 
 Steel Spider Measuring Cup this over the whole ; cover and bake m 
 
 Tablespoon Vegetable Cutter a very moderate oven one and one-half 
 
 . hours. Always serve in the dish in 
 
 which it is cooked. 
 
 Recipe 6. TO BROIL STEAKS OR CHOPS WITH GAS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight DIRECTIONS. 
 Porterhouse, Sirloin 
 
 or Club Steak at Ljgjit the oven at least five min- 
 
 least one and oner- x. ^ e i^- • ii- j. i o 
 
 half inches thick.. "tes before puttmg in the steak. See 
 
 Butter that the broiling pan and rack are in 
 
 Pepper order. Put the steak on the broiler 
 
 Salt when perfectly hot and put as near the 
 
 UTENSILS: S^^ flame as possible without touch- 
 
 _ ... _ T- 1 ' ing. As soon as the steak is seared 
 
 Broihng Pan or Fork ^,f ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ p^^^ ^^^^ ^ j^^^^ 
 
 Oven Hot Platter . ^^j^j^ j^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ possible, 
 
 turn and sear the other side. Turn 
 
 once more, lower the pan about six 
 
 inches from the burner, turn them down about half, and broil slowly five 
 
26 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 minutes on each side. Have the serving platter thoroughly heated and a 
 tablespoonful of butter melted to which you have added salt and pepper. 
 Lift the steak carefully to the platter and baste with the butter and season- 
 ing. Garnish with thin slices of lemon, parsley, tomatoes or watercress. A 
 steak two inches thick requires twenty minutes for broiling; one and a half 
 inches, fifteen minutes; and one inch, ten minutes. 
 
 Club or Delmonico steaks are nice for small families. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 7. 
 
 Materials. 
 
 Porterhouse, Sirloin 
 or Club Steaks... 
 
 English Mutton .... 
 
 Boston Chops, Loin 
 or French Lamb 
 Chops 
 
 PAN BROILED STEAK. 
 
 Measure. Weight. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Steel Spider Fork 
 
 Hot Platter 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Place over 'the fire a steel spider 
 and when very hot put in any of the 
 above meats which have been prepared 
 as for recipe for broiling by gas, and 
 turn them as soon as seared. Sear and 
 turn again and so continue for five 
 minutes. Then lower the flame under 
 the pan and broil slowly for five min-^ 
 
 . utes more. This is for steak two inches 
 
 thick. Be very careful that there is 
 no frying. Turn all meats more often than when broiled under gas or it will 
 be fried rather than broiled. Finish the same as the preceding recipe. The 
 English Mutton and Boston Chops will require fifteen minutes, and the ordi- 
 nary American chop ten minutes. In pan broiling be very careful they do 
 not fry, as mutton is fatter than beef. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 8. LOIN OF VEAL. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Loin of Veal ....... 
 
 Salt 1% Teaspoonfuls Use care in selecting veal that Is 
 
 White Pepper not too young and " green." The flesh 
 
 UTENSILS* should be firm, rather pink, and good 
 
 „ , , „ ,, * . ~ sized bones. Wipe the above loin with 
 
 Baking Pan Measuring Cup ^ jamp cloth and place it in the bak- 
 
 Bastmg Spoon jng ^^^ . sprinkle with the pepper and 
 
 = put the salt in one corner of the pan 
 
 with half a cup of boiling water. 
 Place in a very hot oven for about 15 minutes when it will be well seared. 
 Reduce the temperature to moderate heat and bake slowly, basting often. 
 The time required will be 20 minutes for each pound of veal. Any method 
 of cooking requiring long slow cooking, such as stews, fricassees, casserole, 
 fireless cooking, etc., is especially desirable for veal. If you use a covered 
 
MEATS. 27 
 
 baking pan the basting is not necessary. The only object of the water is 
 to keep the pan from burning and smoking until sufficient fat is obtained for 
 basting. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 4. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk, 
 
 Recipe 9. HAM BAKED IN CIDER. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRKCTIONS. 
 
 Small Ham 1 
 
 fc'r y* TealpoCnful ^ash the ham thoroughly, rub 
 
 Cinnamon V2 Teaspoonful well With baking soda and scrub with 
 
 Celery Seed % Teaspoonful the vegetable brush. Rinse in cold 
 
 Chopped Onions ... 2 Teaspoonfuls water, trim neatly, and put into the 
 
 Sweet Cider V2 Gallon baking pan skin side down. Mix in 
 
 UTENSILS* ^ ^"P ^'' ^^^ seasonings and rub these 
 
 well into the meat and sprinkle thickly 
 Paring Knife Vegetable Brush ^j^h the chopped onion. Make a sheet 
 
 Baking Pan Bakmg Soda , ,,. ,1 uir c ^ 
 
 ° by adding slowly one-half cup of water 
 
 = to one cup of flour ; roll out in a sheet 
 
 and cover the entire flesh of the ham, 
 tucking down close to the skin. Fill the pan two-thirds full of hot sweet cider. 
 Stand it in the oven and bake four hours in a moderate oven, basting often. 
 When done remove paste and skin, trim the meat from the end bone, and 
 decorate with a quill of paper. Place on a hot platter fat side down, garnish 
 with parsley and pickled beets cut in fancy shapes. This is very nice served 
 with cider sauce. Many like the addition of a bottle of wine or champagne 
 instead of cider. Serve with sweet potatoes, tomatoes, spinach, cold-slaw 
 and apple sauce. Twenty-five minutes is the usual time to allow to a pound, 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 10. CROWN ROAST OF LAMB. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Double Rack of 
 
 Lamb — 1 ^p^^g ^^j^j Select two racks or ribs of lamb 
 
 White Pepper ..... ^ ^^^ your butcher will turn and fasten 
 
 Mashed Potatoes ... 3 Pints them together, on each side, with the 
 
 bones about two inches long standing 
 
 » UTENSILS: upright. Set this crown roast into 
 
 Baking Pan Measurmg Cup ^j^g baking pan and sprinkle with the 
 
 Castmg Spoon Measurmg Spoon pepper ; put the salt into the pan with 
 
 , half a cup of boiling water. Cover the 
 
 bones with oiled paper or pieces of fat 
 pork and put into a very hot oven for 15 minutes. Lower the temperature 
 so the roast does not burn and bake in all 45 minutes, basting. often. Serve 
 on a platter with the center filled with mashed or riced potatoes and sprinkle 
 with finely chopped parsley on the top. Paper frills should be put on the 
 
38 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 ends of the bones. This is also very nice stuffed with sausage when put 
 into the oven. Then the potatoes are served in a separate dish. 
 
 Loin or ribs of pork may be used in the same manner, garnished with 
 fried apples. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 4. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 11. CHICKEN FRICASSEE, 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Chicken 4 lbs. 
 
 Butter 2 Tablespoonfuls ggject a chicken which is tender; 
 
 Watir' :::::::::::;:? |f„\^^'P°°"*"'' singe and disjoint. Put into a colander 
 Grated Onion' .....'. 1 Tablespoonful or frying basket and let the water run 
 
 Salt quickly over it. Wipe each piece dry. 
 
 ^^PP"' Put the butter into the spider and over 
 
 ^^^ ^^ not too hot a fire; dip the pieces in 
 
 UTENSILS: flour. Put into the spider to brown on 
 
 Steel Spider Stew Pan '^^t^ sides. Remove the chicken and 
 
 Tablespoon Measuring Cup add the flour ; Stir well. Add the water 
 
 and seasonings. When boiling add the 
 chipken. Cover and simmer gently* 
 
 for at least one hour or until tender. 
 This must be cooked slowly or you will have a tough and tasteless chicken. 
 When ready to serve, arrange the chicken on a platter and strain the gravj 
 over it. Garnish with triangles of toasted bread and parsley. 
 
 Recipe 12. ROAST TURKEY WITH DRESSING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS 
 
 Turkey 10 lbs. 
 
 Butter ............. Select a plump turkey having 
 
 Salt smooth, dark legs and the cartilage at 
 
 Pepper the end of the breastbone should be 
 
 UTENSILS' rather soft and pliable. Remove the 
 
 _ . T. X- T -tr-ji J c - hairs by holding the bird over an alco- 
 
 Covered Roasting Long H died Spoon j^^j ^^^^ ^^ ^^^j^^ ^ j^^^ ^^ 
 
 T ^""^ .TT 1. 5,*fl!^^^"^ tightly and light itf holding turkey 
 
 Large Meat Fork Oiled Paper ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ changing the position of- 
 
 , ten until every part is singed.. Cut 
 
 off the head and with a pointed knife 
 remove the pin feathers. 
 
 For most housekeepers it is better to have the turkey drawn (that is 
 the intestines removed and tendons pulled out) by the butcher. Now all 
 that remains to be done is to wring a cloth from cold water and wipe the 
 bird both inside and out, or by holding it under the cold water faucet and 
 letting the cold water run through ; but do not let the fowl soak in cold water. 
 Wipe dry. Truss by drawing the thighs close to the body and hold by 
 
MEATS. 39 
 
 inserting a steel skewer from one middle joint through the body to the other. 
 Cross the ends of the legs and tie securely with a string, covering quite well up 
 with several thicknesses of oiled paper. Bend the wings so they fit closely to 
 the body and then fasten both firmly with another skewer. Draw the neck 
 skin well to the back and fasten in like manner. Brush well with melted 
 butter and place in the roaster, breast down, laying strips of bacon 
 over the back of turkey and dust well with flour. Cover the pan and place 
 in a VERY hot oven for fifteen minutes. Gradually reduce the temperature 
 until a moderate oven and then finish in a slow oven which will take about three 
 hours. Add salt and pepper when half done and turn on its back. If you do 
 not use a covered roaster put in sufficient water to keep pan from burning, 
 then the turkey must be basted every fifteen minutes, watching carefully 
 that it does not brown too fast; if it does, cover with several thicknesses of 
 oiled or buttered paper. 
 
 Remove the string and skewers before serving. Garnish with parsley 
 or celery tips. 
 
 The true flavor of the turkey is preserved when it is not stuffed with 
 a dressing. 
 
 If it is desired, use three cups of grated white bread crumbs, one tea- 
 spoonful of grated onion, one-half cup of melted butter, one-half of finely 
 chopped green pepper (sweet), one cup of chopped celery and one pint of 
 well-washed and drained oysters and salt to taste. Mix together in the 
 order given. If desired, a beaten egg or two may be added to this stuffing. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 13. ROAST DUCK AND GOOSE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Domestic or Wild 
 
 (Stuffing .°^..°°!^!! . Singe the ducks and, remove the 
 
 Salt ............... pin feathers, wash and scrub in hot 
 
 Pepper water (if a goose use hot soap suds) 
 
 UTENSILS* *^^" draw as directed in the preceding 
 
 „ , . r. T ' Ti ji J recipe for turkey. Wash in cold water 
 
 Baking Pan Long Handled ^ ^^j^. ^^^^^ ^ 
 
 Large Meat Fork Spoon ^^^ ^^^^^S pj^^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^ /^ ^ji^ ^^^ 
 
 ing pan, preferably one with a rack in 
 
 the bottom, and cover the breast with 
 very thin slices of bacon or salt pork. Bake in a very hot oven fifteen min- 
 utes to every pound if wild ducks and little more than twice the time if do- 
 mestic. Add half a cup of boiling water for each duck and baste every ten 
 minutes. Serve onions and brussel sprouts or browned sweet potatoes, apple 
 and celery salad or lettuce and orange salad. 
 
 Roast Goose. 
 
 Prepare same as for duck and rub the inside with salt and 'an onion cut 
 in halves. Fill with prune stuffing and steam for two hours and bake one 
 hour, basting every ten minutes. 
 
30 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Prune Dressing. 
 
 Cook one-half a povind of prunes by soaking over night and cooking 
 slowl}' in a double boiler. Pare, quarter and core three large tart apples 
 and add to the prunes which have been stoned and cut into pieces. Cook 
 one-half cup of rice until tender, as in Recipe 1, under Vegetables. Shell 
 and blanch a dozen chestnuts; boil until tender and cut in pieces; add to the 
 above mixture with one-half cup of butter, one-half teaspoonful of paprika 
 and a good pinch of cinnamon. Mix all well together and it is ready for use 
 
 Mrs. Kirk*s Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 MEAT SUBSTITUTES 
 
 and 
 Substantial Meals Without Meat. 
 
 (Including Menus Without Meat, Sandwiches and School Luncheohs.) 
 
 And God said : " Behold, I have given you every green herb bearing seed which is 
 upon the face of all the earth, and every tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat." 
 
 FOODS. 
 Two General Classes. 
 
 First — Nitrogenous or flesh forming foods and necessary to repair the 
 daily waste of tissue. 
 
 Second — Carbonaceous or heat producing foods and are the source ot 
 our strength and energy. 
 
 Flesh-formers — Meat, eggs, fish, milk, cheese, nuts, peas, oatmeal, rye, 
 wheat, corn. 
 
 A perfect diet consists of a correct combination of common food ma- 
 terials, blended to suit the age, occupation, sex, and climate in which the 
 individual lives. 
 
 SUBSTITUTES FOR MEAT. 
 
 Some vegetables are perfect substitutes for meats. 
 
 All the grains, such as whole wheat, rice, barley, oats, corn and nuts, 
 also cheese, peas, beans, lintels, rnacaroni, raisins, figs and bananas are meat 
 substitutes. 
 
 Other vegetables are important articles of diet, but they should not be 
 made the basis of your dietary. 
 
 " NO MEAT " MENUS. 
 
 Breakfast — Eggs on toasted white bread, sliced tomatoes, brown bread 
 and butter, coffee. 
 
 Luncheon — Hot chocolate, bread and butter, lettuce salad. 
 
 Dinner — Spinach soup, macaroni and cheese, cucumber salad, floating 
 island, coffee. 
 
MEAT SUBSTITUTES. 
 
 31 
 
 Breakfast — Blueberries and cream, steamed eggs, toast, coffee. 
 
 Luncheon — Cream cheese and pimento brown bread sandwiches, graham 
 crackers, grape juice. 
 
 Dinner — Barley soup, lima beans, mashed potatoes, cabbage salad with 
 mayonnaise, black coffee, cheese and wafers. 
 
 Breakfast — Breakfast food and cream, apple sauce, Graham gems, coffee. 
 Luncheon — Cheese souffle, milk biscuit, berries, tea. 
 ' Dinn,er — Puree of peas, croutons, walnuts, apple and celery salad (French 
 Dressing), steamed rice pudding, coffee, cheese and wafers. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 3. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 1. BRESLAU OF MEAT. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Chopped Beef, Veal 
 
 stock'^':?':!". ::::::: 1 om directions. 
 
 Butter 3 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Fresh Bread Crumbs % Cup Beat the yolks and chop the parsley 
 Cream or Milk .... V2 Pint fine ; then mix all the ingredients well 
 Eggf ?^. .^.'. ?^.::: 3 ¥0"?^°°" together. Brush custard cups well 
 Worcestershire with melted butter and press the mix- 
 Sauce 1 Teaspoonful ture into them. Partly fill a baking 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful pan with boiling water, stand the cups 
 
 Mushroom Catsup.. 1 Teaspoonful s . , , ,° • „,,,vi, r^^r^„ (r^^ 
 
 Nepaul Pepper .... % Teaspoonful i" !> ^nd bake in a quick oven for 
 
 Kitchen Bouquet ... Vz Teaspoonful thirty minutes. When done, turn them 
 
 Tomato Sauce from the cups onto a heated dish, pour 
 
 UTENSILS: around Tomato Sauce, garnished with 
 
 Food Chopper Dripping Pan triangles or hearts of toasted bread and 
 
 Bowl Custard Cups serve hot. 
 Measuring Cup Egg Beater 
 Tablespoon Teaspoon 
 Brush 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Afice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 2. PICNIC 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Pastry 
 
 Chopped Chicken or 
 
 Veal 1 Cup 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Flour 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Meat Stock % Cup 
 
 Cream ^^ Cup 
 
 Chopped Pimento . . 1 
 
 Chopped Celery 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Salt 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Patty Pans Measuring Cup 
 
 Tatlespoon Sauce Pan 
 
 PATTIES. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Line the patty pans with a rich 
 pastry. Make a sauce of the butter, 
 flour, stock and cream. Stir until it 
 thickens and add all the remaining in- 
 gredients. Fill the patties with this. 
 Cover with a top crust. Bake in a hot 
 oven. These are suitable for home 
 luncheons or picnics. 
 
32 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Measure, 
 
 Pint 
 
 Pint 
 
 Pint 
 
 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Recipe 3. 
 
 Materials, 
 
 Fine Chopped Ham, 1 
 
 Milk 1 
 
 Fine VvTfiite Bread 
 
 Crumbs , . % 
 
 Butter 2 
 
 Flour 2 
 
 Eggs 3 
 
 Slice of Onion 1 
 
 Paprika 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Tablespoon Measuring Cup 
 
 Baking Dish Food Chopper 
 
 Sieve Sauce Pan 
 
 HAM SOUFFLE. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Melt the butter in the sauce pan 
 and cook the onion in this without 
 browning; add the flour, paprika and 
 milk ; let boil until it begins to thicken, 
 then strain over the bread crumbs and 
 ham. Mix thoroughly, at the same 
 time stirring in the yolks of eggs and 
 fold in the whites beaten dry. Turn 
 into the buttered baking dish, set into 
 a pan of hot water and bake in a mod- 
 erate oven thirty to forty minutes. 
 Strained tomatoes may take the place 
 of the milk. 
 
 Recipe 4. THE REAL SPAGHETTI A LA ITALIANNE. 
 
 Materials, Measure, DIRECTIONS. 
 Salt Pork or Bacon 4 or 5 Slices 
 
 On"n° ■^^"^^ ..-• iTablespoonful p^^ the salt pork or bacon into 
 
 Sweet Peppers .... 3 ^^^ spider, and after the grease is thor- 
 
 Beef or Veal 6 Slices oughly cooked out, discard the pieces 
 
 Tomatoes 1 Can of fat. Add the tomato paste to the 
 
 Fi^ur- :::::;:::::::: 1 ^allCtlui s^e^'^ ^"^ when softened, add the 
 
 Grated Cheese 1 Cup onions and peppers well chopped. 
 
 Spaghetti Then to this add slices of beef or veal 
 
 (or as many pieces as you have persons 
 ^ , ^ ., UTENSILS) : to serve). Let this simmer ten min- 
 
 Steel Spider TaWespoon ^.^^ ^ .^ting in the tomatoes and salt. 
 
 Moisten the flour with a little water, 
 , use to thicken and let cook slowly on 
 
 the back part of the stove, while pre- 
 paring the spaghetti which should be put into a kettle half full of boiling 
 water, and boil rapidly from 15 to 35 minutes. Blanch in cold water. Have 
 the hot dish in which you wish to serve in readiness, cover the bottom with 
 the sauce, then some of the cheese and a generous helping of spaghetti re- 
 heated by setting the dish m boiling water; another layer of sauce and a 
 fine sprinkling of cheese capped by a piece of the beef or veal, and you have 
 a genuine dish of the " real thing," 
 
 Mrs, Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes, 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erke Mfg, Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Afice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
MEAT SUBSTITUTES. 
 
 33 
 
 Recipe 5. LENTEN EGGS ON CODFISH CAKES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 Chopped Salt Cod- 
 
 ^.fish 1 Cup Cut or pick the codfish in small 
 
 E'tter ^?!'!°!! .::::'% TXespoo„ful pieces, peel and dice the potatoes al- 
 
 Pepper lowing full measurement and put both 
 
 Eggs 6 into the stew pan in boiling water to 
 
 Bacon 2 Slices boil. When the potatoes are tender, 
 
 SS^GVated v. : : : : I %t:;^^^^'' d-m and mash all well together, add 
 
 the well-beaten egg, a dash of pepper 
 UTENSILS: ^^^ *^^ butter, beat up very nice and 
 
 Stew Pan Vegetable Knife 'ig^t. Take up by tablespoonfuls, mold 
 
 Measuring Cup Tablespoon into flat cakes, dip in fine bread crumbs, 
 
 Teaspoon Frying Basket place a few at a time in your frying 
 
 Kettle Egg Poacher Fry-pan basket and dip in hot fat until a rich 
 
 brown, drain on blotting or brown 
 
 paper and arrange on a hot platter. 
 Poach six eggs in your egg poacher and lift carefully to the top of the cod- 
 fish cakes. In the meantime have the, bacon cut up very fine, throw into a 
 fry-pan until the fat is out, add the onion, stir well, remove from the fire and 
 quickly put in the vinegar and dip this over the eggs. Send at once to the 
 table. This is a very nice breakfast or luncheon dish. This will make six 
 or eight cakes. 
 
 All measurements level unless otherwise stated. 
 
 Recipe 6. BAKED BEANS. 
 
 Materials, Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 White Navy Beans . . 1 Quart 
 
 ^^Z°l^ y^ Cup ^'''' . Wash and soak the beans over 
 
 Tomato Sauce".'!." 1 Cup night_ in plenty of cold water. In the 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful morning wash and put them into the 
 
 Soda J4 Teaspoonful kettle ; cover with cold water and bring 
 
 P^PP^"" ^* Teaspoonful slowly to the boiling point. Add the 
 
 „„„^„„_. soda when nearly boiling. Boil just a 
 
 uii!,w&ij.s. _ moment and turn into a colander and 
 
 St?w Pa°;^ Sh?rp Kn!ff ""^ ^'^^ -^.", .^^^T /°m'^/ '^'"'^ ""^ 
 
 Colander cover with freshly boiled water and 
 
 simmer until upon lifting some of thf 
 beans on a spoon and blowing on there 
 
 the skins crack. Now pour into the 
 bean pot and bury the pork, which has been scored or the skin cut through 
 in squares, in the beans. Mix the molasses and a quart of water from the 
 beans together, pour this over, sprinkle with pepper, add a cup of tomato 
 sauce if you like the flavor and cover with the rest of the water, reserving' 
 the remainder to use later over the beans if they bake dry. Bake in a mod 
 erate oven covered for six or eight hours. These should be perfect in shape 
 and Just moist. These may be done in the Fireless Cooker and browned in 
 the oven for twenty minutes. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 Supplemental Set No. 4. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchel) Kirk 
 "—3 
 
34 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 7. CHILDREN'S SCHOOL SANDWICHES AND LUNCHEONS. 
 
 "Over the hills and through the valleys 
 List to nature's wooing call, 
 Seek the field, the shore, the wildwood, 
 Summer comes with joys for all." 
 
 Of all the work a mother has to do for her children, none is more trouble- 
 some than putting up luncheons day after day with a due regard for variety 
 and whblesomeness, and for the fickle and often unreasonable taste of the 
 child. If one could only give chocolate layer cake or large cucumber pickles 
 every day and nothing else, then, indeed, one might be sure the luncheon 
 would be eaten and approved by the small gourmand . but when one has a 
 maternal conscience such things must be dealt out infrequently and bread 
 and butter offered day by day — a diet to which most children are indifferent 
 if not actively hostile. 
 
 How to " do up " a luncheon which shall be. appetizing wholesome, and 
 varied day after day, whei? often the larder is bare of dainties, is indeed a 
 subject for study. It may be done occasionally with comparative ease, since 
 woman's wit is equal to severe strain, but for ten months a year and twentv 
 days a month — that gives the most ingenious pause. 
 
 Sandwiches are to be considered first, because one begins with them 
 every morning. A good plan is to have them of different kinds of bread, 
 either of white and whole wheat each day, or perhaps better, of white one day. 
 whole wheat the next, Boston brown bread the third, white again the fourth, 
 and little baking-powder biscuit the fifth. Of course fresh baked bread will 
 not do ; it must be at least a day old, and should be very thin, with most of 
 the crust cut off ; not all by any means, but only the heavy edge. 
 
 Sandwich fillings are legion, many of them nourishing and good, and a 
 little handbook of suggestions is a boon to mothers, because invention fails 
 so often. These combinations will be found easily prepared and appetizing. 
 
 Meat Sandwiches. — Cold roast beef chopped and slightly salted, between 
 slices of white bread. Chicken, cut very thin and salted ; White bread. Boiled 
 ham, chopped very fine, mixed with a very little dry mustard; brown, bread. 
 Roast veal, finely chopped, with a few olives mixed in ; brown bread. Onfe 
 very thin layer of chopped ham and a slice of chicken ; white bread. Corned 
 beef shaved very thin ; white bread. 
 
 Salad Sandwiches. — Lettuce leaves on white buttered bread, with a very 
 litjtle French dressing made by mixing a teaspoonful of oil with a few drops of 
 lemon juice and a little salt. Chopped watercress on buttered bread, white 
 or brown, with salt. Very thin slices of cucumber, with salt; white bread. 
 Thin slices of tomato, drained of all pulp and seeds and wiped dry; salt. 
 Nasturtium leaves, with French dressing or salt. Lettuce with a little cream 
 cheese spread on it, and salt or lemon juice. Watercress and cream cheese. 
 Celery, chopped very fine and mixed with either French dressing or a little 
 mayonnaise, or merely with salt and lemon juice ; whole-wheat bread. Chopped 
 green peppers mixed with cream cheese. 
 
 Sweet Sandwiches. — Chopped dates, wet with a little cream ; white bread. 
 Orange marmalade ; whole-wheat or white bread. Fjgs, chopped fine and wet 
 with cream ; whole-wheat bread. Figs and nuts, chopped together ; white 
 bread. .Nuts and raisins, chopped together; whole-wheat bread. Candied 
 ginger, chopped; white bread. Prunes, chopped with peanuts; white bread. 
 
MEAT SUBSTITUTES. 35 
 
 Other mixtures are these : 
 
 Hard-boiled eggs chopped and mixed with French dressing. Cream 
 cheese, alone or mixed with chopped nuts ; Boston brown bread. Baked beans 
 seasoned with lemon juice, mashed to a paste; very thin white bread. Stewed 
 oysters, chopped. Olives, chopped ; white bread. 
 
 It is always best, if possible, to have two kinds of sandwiches, one of 
 meat, eggs, or cream cheese, and the other of some sweet mixture, perhaps 
 two of each. On the day the tiny biscuit are used there may be some thin 
 slices of cold meat, with a couple of olives, for a change. 
 
 Never warm or melt the butter, but beat until soft and creamy. The fill- 
 ings may be made from all meats, most vegetables, eggs, cheese and the use 
 of mayonnaise. Sandwiches depend upon the seasonings and it is very essen- 
 tial to have these on hand so as to lend variety to the luncheons and outings. 
 Season corned beef or chopped ham with mustard. Roast beef or boiled 
 tongue with Harvey, Worcestershire sauce or horseradish. Lamb, with capers, 
 tomato sauce, catsup or chopped mint. Chicken or veal with chopped celery 
 or celery salt or chopped pimentos. (The latter are a sweet Spanish pepper 
 put up in little cans for 13 or 15 cents and a great addition in most all cookery, 
 particularly salads and sandwiches.) Fish with onion juice, parsley and 
 chives. 
 
 Nuts, cheese, eggs, mayonnaise, celery, cress, cucumbers, tomatoes and 
 olives combined with meat and any of these vegetables make delicious sand- 
 wiches. 
 
 When they have to stand any length of time after making before they are 
 to be used, pack in a stone jar and cover with a cloth wrung out of cold water, 
 and when ready to be packed for the lunch wrap in oiled paper, keeping differ- 
 ent foods separated by pieces of cardboard, and salads packed in tightly fitting 
 jars. 
 
 Recipe 8. SALAD SANDWICHES. 
 
 Materials. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tomatoes 
 
 MTyonnris^*""!^ "' ^^^^™ *^ butter in the bowl. 
 
 Chives ........ Cut the bread in round, thin slices. 
 
 Salt and Paprika . . . Butter. Have the tomatoes peeled and 
 
 Chopped Peanuts .. very cold; slice thin and lift up with 
 
 2Mer ^^^ broad spatula on the bread ; sprinkle 
 
 with salt and paprika. Cut the cheese 
 
 UTENSILS- ^^ ^^*" ^^ ^ wafer and have it round 
 
 „, „ , T^ T- r~, ' also. Lift this to the tomato, spread 
 
 Sharp Bread K„,fe Shears. ^^^^ ^-.^ mayonnaise, chopped chives and 
 
 Vegetable Knife Round Cutter peanuts. Cover with another round of, 
 
 buttered bread. Press well together. 
 These may be changed to a most 
 delicious salad by cutting the slices of tomatoes quite thick and seasoning 
 with salt and paprika. Then cheese and mayonnaise, another slice of tomato 
 with seasoning; cheese, mayonnaise, chives and chopped peanuts on top. 
 Serve on lettuce. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mf?. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supi)lemental Set No. 3. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
36 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 9. HAM SANDWICHES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTION'S. 
 Cold Boiled or 
 
 CoM'BS"Tongu; \ lb! . ^hop the meat fin. pound, and 
 
 Cold Chicken ...... % lb. """^ "^^ 1" ^ mortar. If you do not 
 
 Hard Boiled Eggs!! 4 have a mortar and pestle, put the meat 
 
 Soft Mustard 1 Teaspoonful through the chopper two or three times 
 
 Chopped Capers ... 1 Teaspoonful ^nd work well with the back of a spoon. 
 
 Mayonnaise beason with mustard, salt, paprika and 
 
 Bread capers ; moisten well with mayonnaise ; 
 
 Butter chop whites of eggs fine, add to this 
 
 and mix all well together. Put the 
 
 UTENSILS: yolks of the hard boiled eggs through 
 
 Food Chopper Mortar and Pestle the vegetabk press or sieve, season 
 
 Stew^'p^f ' Measuring Spoon ^^^^ -'^1* ^"'^ P^^"'? ^"'^ mix with 
 
 Spatula Vegetable Press sufficient mayonnaise to spread. Cream 
 
 Spoon the butter as usual, cut thin slices of 
 
 . bread, spread with the creamed butter. 
 
 On one slice spread the meat mixture, 
 
 on the other the egg mixture Press well together, wrap in oiled paper and 
 
 pack. Be sure these (and in fact all sandwiches) are moist Anything but 
 
 a dry sandwich. 
 
 If preferred, ham alone may be used with perfect results, either sliced 
 or chopped and well seasoned. If lettuce is used with them shred it fine. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes, 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 3. Copyright, 1008, by Mrs, Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 10. CHICKEN SANDWICHES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight, DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Cold Chicken 
 
 S^'"7j '1 "t ■ i: Put any bits of cold chicken also 
 
 Nu?s . . . !"?^!! the celery through the food chopper. 
 
 Mayonnaise using the fine cutter. Season well with 
 
 Salt and Paprika . . . salt and paprika and a dash of cayenne 
 
 Bi'ead pepper. Now mix well with the may- 
 
 " ^^ onnaise, half of which is whipped 
 
 UTENSILS: cream. .Spread thin slices of bread with 
 
 Food Chopper Sharp Knife crusts removed with plenty of creamed 
 
 Spatula Bowl butter. Spread the lower slice with 
 
 Spoon Whip Churn the chicken, mayonnaise and shredded 
 
 , lettuce, and the upper slice with the 
 
 nuts. 
 Press well together; pack in a jar covered well with a towel wrung out 
 of cold water. Or, if preparing them for a picnic wrap them in oiled paper. 
 Jf a sljced chicken sandwich is desired ct;t t)ie cliicketi jis thin as po3- 
 
EGGS. 37 
 
 sible, spread with the mayonnaise — a little shredded lettuce on top of that 
 and put between buttered slices of bread, trimming the edges neatly. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Roclicster, N. V. 
 
 Supplemental ^et No. 3. Copyriglit, 1908, bv Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 EGGS. 
 
 (Steamed, Deviled, Stuffed, Scrambled, Curried and Omelets.) 
 
 " We learn from mistakes, from experiences, even more than from success." 
 
 "The discovery of a new dish does more for the happiness of man than the dis- 
 covery of a star," : 
 
 (All measurements are level unless otherwise stated. Flour is sifted before 
 
 measuring.) 
 
 The housekeeper who has given little or no thought to the composition 
 of eggs has much to learn of this very nutritive food. While this food, the 
 egg, is in common use and probably always will be, a little more thought 
 should be given to the best ways of cooking it. 
 
 One of the simple things to remember in cooking is that the albumen 
 in the egg coagulates at a high temperature ; hence to have that soft creamy 
 consistency, be careful of extremes in heat and too long a time over the fire. 
 
 Eggs for cakes and souffles should be separated and the whites and yolks 
 beaten separately. The main thing in the white is the amount of air that is 
 beaten into it. The white of the egg never acts chemically upon any of the 
 ingredients with which it is mixed, but the membrane being tough it has the 
 power of sustaining the air beaten into it ; when carefully folded into the batter 
 it sustains that lightness to the end, if carefully baked. 
 
 Hot or warm water makes a much more tender omelet than milk, and 
 there is no reason for failure of these most toothsome articles if one is reason- 
 ably careful. 
 
 A good omelet pan is as necessary to success as good eggs. A good 
 steel spider, smooth, and the right temperature will go a long way toward 
 producing good results. 
 
 It is the practice which makes perfect, and if you fail, try again for, " The 
 man, or woman, who never makes any mistakes in life never makes anything 
 else." 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Secipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. AUce Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 1. EGGS STEAMED. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Eggs 4 
 
 Boiling Water 3 Quarts Put the eggs into the stew pan 
 
 UTENSILS' containing the boiling water and cover. 
 
 T ct -D IT /^ If you use natural gas the entire plate 
 
 Large Stew Pan Egg Cups ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^f ,^^j ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ 
 
 ) pan entirely oflf the stove. Let stand 
 
 ten minutes. The white will be of a 
 
38 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK, 
 
 creamy consistency, the yolk perfectly cooked, and altogether much more 
 wholesome than the leathery white which is the result of rapid boiling. If 
 you should add six eggs let stand fifteen minutes. One egg, one quart of 
 boiling water, cover and let stand five minutes. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes: 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfi?. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 2. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Strictly Fresh Eggs 
 Salt and Pepper .... 
 
 Toast 
 
 Boiling Water 
 
 Butter 
 
 POACHED EGGS. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Egg Poacher Spatula 
 
 Fill the tgg p&acher or spider with 
 boiling water. 0raw the poacher to 
 one side of the stove where the water 
 cannot possibly boil. Carefully break 
 the eggs into the sections, cover and 
 let stand three minutes or until the 
 white is " set." Instead of covering 
 you can dip the hot water over the 
 eggs until they look pink. With your 
 spatula carefully loosen the egg and remove to a nicely browned and buttered 
 piece of toast, cut round. Season with salt and a dash of paprika, garnish 
 with a bit of parsley and you not only have an attractive dish but if care- 
 fully done a wholesome one as well. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk*s Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 3. 
 
 HAM AND EGGS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. 
 
 Fresh Eggs 6 
 
 Large Slices of Ham 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Steel Spider Fork 
 
 Hot Platter Spoon 
 
 Broad Pancake Turner or Spatula 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Have the spider very hot. Put in 
 the ham, sear and turn ; sear and turn 
 again. So continue until the fat on 
 the ham is a golden brown. Draw 
 the ham from the fire, cut the ham in 
 six small pieces, and arrange, on the 
 platter. Break the eggs in the fat. Be 
 sure it is not so hot as to bubble and 
 splutter. With a spoon dip the fat over the egg until a white film forms on 
 the yolk; remove to the slices of ham. Serve at once, garnished with cress 
 and slices of lemon. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906: by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
fiGG§. 30 
 
 ftecipe 4. LUNCHEON EGGS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tomato Sauce Vz Pint 
 
 Toest^.°'l!'!.'^.T. .': ^ ^^^^ ^ tomato sauce according to 
 
 Paisley !!!'.!!!!!!!! Recipe 1 in sauces. Chop the whites 
 
 Cream % Cup of the eggs very fine and add to this 
 
 Salt and Pepper — sauce with the cream, salt and pepper. 
 
 Arrange four dainty slices of toast on 
 
 UTENSILS: a platter and pour over this sauce, 
 
 Double Boiler Tablespoon forcing the yolks through the ricer 
 
 ^"'^^ Potato Ricer or chopped very fine. Sprinkle this 
 
 . over the top. A little grated cheese 
 
 may be added to the tomato sauce when 
 you have it. If there is too much acidity in the tomatoes which might make 
 the sauce curdle, add just a pinch of soda. 
 
 Recipe 5. 
 
 Materials, 
 
 Eggs 6 
 
 Ham . , 1 
 
 Pimento % 
 
 Melted Butter 1 
 
 Salt and Paprika to 
 taste 
 
 DEVILED EGGS. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tablespoonful 
 Tablespoonful 
 
 Put the eggs into warm water and 
 bring to the boiling point which is 313 
 degrees. Lower to about 300 degrees 
 and keep them there for thirty minutes. 
 Put into cold water. Shell, cut into 
 halves lengthwise and remove yolks; 
 put them into the bowl, add melted 
 butter, the pimento and ham chopped; 
 add the other ingredients, re-fill the 
 
 • whites and fasten the corresponding 
 
 halves together with toothpicks, Dip 
 
 first in egg and then in bread crumbs, repeat once more and fry in hot fat. 
 
 Serve wrapped in tissue paper, the ends fringed and tied for picnics, or, 
 
 put on hot platter and pour white sauce or Mexican sauce around when served 
 
 at home. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rociiester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyriglit, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Tablespoon Stew Pan 
 
 Mixing Bowl Wooden Bowl and 
 
 Chopper 
 
 Recipe 6. FRIED 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Eggs 6 
 
 Melted Butter 3 Tablespoonful 
 
 Anchovies or Sar- 
 dines 2 or 3 
 
 Vinegar 3 Teaspoonfuls 
 
 French. Mustard .... 3 Teaspoonfuls 
 
 Salt 
 
 Paprika % Teaspoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Sauce Pan Tablespoon 
 
 Knife Teaspoon 
 
 Kettle • Frying Basket 
 
 STUFFED EGGS. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Hard boil the eggs as for Recipe 
 10, cut lengthwise and remove the yolks 
 and mash, season with all the ingred- 
 ients given, mixing well. Re-fill the 
 whites, put two halves together, fas- 
 tening with a toothpick. Roll in egg 
 and bread crumbs and fry in a hot 
 fat. 
 
40 
 
 THE PEOPLE*S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 7. 
 
 PLAIN OMELET. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Eggs 4 
 
 Warm Water 4 Tablespoonfuls t t l i ■ j i c 
 
 Lemon Juice 1 Teaspoonful Use a steel spider always for an 
 
 ■Butter 1 Tablespoonful omelet. Fry or frying pans are both 
 
 A little grating of too thin and the omelet would heat too 
 
 ^.Nutmeg.. , ^ . , ,, quickly in the center. Put the butter 
 
 Sau"!'? . .'.". 1". : : : 1 ?easprn°fSl '"to the spider and heat slowly. Break 
 
 the eggs into the bowl and only beat 
 sufficient to thoroughly mix the whites 
 UTENSILS: and yolks; add the water and season- 
 
 Flat Egg Beater Steel Spider jngg except parsley. Draw the pan to 
 
 TaWcspoon Ho^tPktter the hottest part of the Stove and when 
 
 Teaspoon very hot, but the butter not brownmg, 
 
 , add the eggs all at once. Let set a 
 
 moment and then with your spatula 
 loosen the omelet at the edge, allowing the thin portion or uncooked part to 
 run under and so continue until the omelet is " set." Now sprinkle over the 
 parsley finely chopped and with your spatula turn over one-third of the 
 omelet, then fold once more as you turn it out. Serve at once. More failures 
 are reported to me in omelets than in almost any other branch of cooking. 
 Each and every detail must be carefully followed to insure success. The stee^. 
 spider, perfectly smooth, is the first requisite, then do not beat the eggs too 
 much, twelve or fifteen minute beats will usually do the work, and the butter, 
 while hot, must not be brown and smoking. These directions carefully fol- 
 lowed — not once but always — you cannot fail. 
 
 This omelet may be varied by chopping ham very fine — two tablespoon- 
 fuls when chopped — and adding just before folding. Then you have a hanv 
 omelet. Peas, tomatoes, oysters, bacon, red and green peppers, sweetbreads 
 and grated cheese all lend variety to a plain omelet. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk*s Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 8. EGGS SCRAMBLED WITH PIMENTOS, 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Pimentos: 1 
 
 Chtppe^d ?ar-^;y WA ^^as^oCnful , ^ ^rain and chop the pimento fine. 
 
 Eggs 4 Add the onion juice, salt and parsley 
 
 and simmer for two minutes. Scramble 
 UTENSILS: the eggs in the double boiler and when 
 
 fe'le''B"oiler Sspoon"""" ^^^'^y ^^^^^^ ^^^ the pimentos and 
 
 finish together. 
 
EGGS. 
 
 41 
 
 Recipe 9. BREAD OMELET. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Eggs '.^'.T^.. '.'.'.::. 4^ ^"^ Prepare the pan the same as for 
 
 Salt ! % Teaspoonful Plain Omelet. Soak the bread crumbs 
 
 Paprika in just enough milk to soften. Beat the 
 
 ^"(sm m"^" Pepper yolj^-g gf ^j^e eggs separately. Add to 
 
 ™^ the yolks the seasonings and bread 
 
 crumbs. Mix well, very gently fold in 
 
 UTENSILS: t^g ^gH beaten whites and the pepper 
 
 Steel Spider M^asw^iT'^Cu ^"^'^ chopped. Pour into the spider, 
 
 ChlppinVsowl and Knffe"""^ "^ leave for a moment over the fire. Then 
 
 cover and set over a very moderate 
 . heat for ten minutes. Cut nearly 
 
 through the center, fold and turn on 
 to a hot platter, and served at once. This omelet is very nice without the 
 pepper although the tone of the pepper to those who like it is a great 
 addition. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Kecipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. AUce Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 10. CURRIED EGGS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Eggs 6 
 
 ^ . Put the eggs into boiling water 
 
 '°"* and let cook just below the boiling 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful poj^^ fo^ thirty minutes. Put at once 
 
 Bacon Fat 1 Tablespoonful into cold water and when cool slice 
 
 Curry Powder 1 Teaspoonful thin around a mound of rice on a hot 
 
 Flour 1 Teaspoonful chop plate. Have the onions peeled 
 
 „^ , „r ^ ^ ^ and sliced very thin and put with the 
 
 Stock or Water .... 1 Cup ^^^ j^^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^ ^^.^^/ ^^^^ ^^^.j 
 
 ^'*^^ the onions are soft and yellow ; now 
 
 add all the remaining ingredients, stir 
 UTENSILS: until boiling and the desired thickness. 
 
 Strain this curry saupe and serve at 
 Vegetable Knife Tablespoon Qn^e. Garnish with sweet red peppers, 
 
 Sauce Pan Double Boiler cut in fancy shapes. 
 
 Recipe 11. EGGS A 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Fggs . 4 
 
 Parmesian Cheese . . 
 
 Butter 2 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Cream 
 
 Chopped Parsley . . . 
 
 Salt and Peplper 
 
 Toast 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Baking Dish Chopping Bowl and 
 
 Tablespoon Knife 
 
 Toaster 
 
 LA SUISSE. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Spread the butter in bits over the 
 bottom of the baking dish, then a layer 
 of cheese, then break the eggs. Salt 
 and pepper, a little cream, then add an- 
 other layer of cheese. Put into a mod- 
 erate oven 10 minutes, or until the eggs 
 are set. Garnish with parsley and serve 
 hot. 
 
42 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE' BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 12. EGGS AU GRATIN. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Eggs 4 
 
 Grated Cheese Have some boiling water in the 
 
 ~^, spider with the vinegar and a little 
 
 vinegar'::::::::::: l Xablespoonful f^^* use an egg poacher if you have 
 
 •Poasj. it ; if not, break the eggs into the water ; 
 
 cook slowly until the eggs are set; lift 
 
 UTENSILS: out carefully and set on rounds of but- 
 
 Egg Poacher Broad Spatula tered toast. Sprinkle each egg with a. 
 
 ^^ ^' ^^ little grated cheese, brown quickly in * 
 
 hot oven and serve. 
 
 SAUCES. 
 
 (For Meats, Fish, Vegetables, Puddings and Frozen Desserts.) 
 
 " Sauces and soups are the fine art of cookery and the person who understands them 
 must understand tastes and flavors and possess a trained palate." 
 
 (All measurements level. Flour sifted before measuring.) 
 
 It is considered a great art by a few cooks and housekeepers to make good 
 sauces. Unfortunately, it is the few rather than the many who recognize 
 this or really take the trouble to make sauces properly. They hurry over them 
 and subject them to too much heat and consequently send to the table a 
 thick, disagreeable paste, lumpy or thin and wateryl 
 
 To make good sauces takes a little time, but it, is quite worth while as 
 gravies and sauces constitute the perfection of entrees ; even for a simple hash 
 it is very necessary to make them with care. When one becomes familiar 
 with a basis for all sauces others are quickly and easily made. 
 
 Sauces are intended as an accompaniment to the meat, fish, vegetable or 
 pudding with which they are served and should be in perfect harmony with it. 
 They should never be so prominent in flavoring or served in such quantity as 
 to lose sight of the main dish. Pale sauces and gravies are not desirable, and 
 this can easily be remedied by always having a bottle of Kitchen Bouquet in 
 the kitchen, and using it sparingly as so little is required to produce the re- 
 quired color and flavor. If you wish a white sauce, have it white ; if a yellow 
 pn^, yellow ; and a brown sauce should be brown- Browned flour is al§Q ^X- 
 
SAUCES. 
 
 I'd 
 
 nellent for thickening and coloring and gives a fine flavor but double the 
 given amount of flour when desired browned. 
 
 Serve a sauce as soon as possible after making as there is danger of 
 separating. 
 
 If necessary to keep hot, set in a pan of hot water. 
 
 All sauces are made or derived from brown or white sauce and the 
 flavoring makes the numerous changes. The basis for this is one rounding 
 tablespoonful of butter, the same of flour and one-half pint of any desired 
 liquid, such as stock, strained tomatoes, milk, cream, water, etc. 
 
 Certain sauces belong to some particular vegetable, meat, fish or dessert, 
 such as brandy sauce with plum pudding, cranberry sauce with turkey, apple 
 sauce with pork, mint sauce with lamb, and caper sauce with mutton. 
 
 A general principle in uniting material for sauces is, rub butter or fat 
 and flour together, and soften with a little of the hot liquid which is heating 
 in the double boiler; stir all together until it is the desired tTiickness. In 
 this way the flour is most thoroughly cooked, besides more digestible than 
 when cooked in the fat. 
 
 The main or standard seasonings are salt, pepper, paprika, onion, bay leaf, 
 Worcestershire sauce, Tobasco sauce, mint, capers, and flavorings from meats, 
 fish, stock or vegetables. The thickening may be flour, bread crumbs, yolks 
 'of eggs, arrowroot, cornstarch or vegetable puree. 
 
 There are many fruit sauces very nice for puddings and ice creams made 
 from crushed fresh fruits and the juice and sugar cooked to any desired 
 thickness. 
 
 Recipe 1. WHITE SAUCE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS 
 Butter 1 Rounding Table- 
 Flour 1 Rounding Table- . ^ub the butter and flour together 
 
 spoonful in the double boiler. When smooth 
 
 Milk 1 Cup add the milk. Stir over the fire steadily 
 
 PelW:::::::::::: ^T^as^oonM until U. thickens Add the seasoning 
 
 and It IS ready for use. This is the 
 UTENSILS* basis of all sauces. One cup of strained 
 
 ■n ui Tj •! T VI ' tomatoes in place of milk or cream 
 
 Double Boiler Tablespoon , -ii i ^ ^ jj- 
 
 Measuring Cup Teaspoon will make tomato sauce, adding a sea- 
 
 soning of bay leaf and onion when 
 
 stewing the tomatoes. To make an 
 
 egg sauce add four hard boiled eggs, 
 the yolks_ put through the ricer and the whites chopped fine. This sauce 
 is very nice to serve either with chicken or boiled salt cod. For a Butter 
 Sauce substitute boiling water instead of the milk or cream, adding it slowly 
 beating all the while. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mf)f. Co.. Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
44 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 2. HOLLANDAISE SAUCE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 Butter 2 Rounding Table- 
 spoonfuls Put bay leaf, onion and vinegar 
 
 Flour 1 Rounding Table- over the Are in a small stew pan, bring 
 
 spoonful to the boiling point and cool. Rub the 
 
 Grated Onion 1 Tablespoonful butter and flour together in the double 
 
 Tarragon Vinegar boiler and add gradually the water, 
 
 or Lemon Juice 2 Tablespoonfuls stir until thickened and the flour 
 
 Yolks of Eggs — 2 cooked. Now add the vinegar strained. 
 
 Bay Leaf 1 Remove from the fire and stir in the 
 
 Boiling Water — 1 Cup yolks of the eggs one at a time, stirring 
 
 Salt % Teaspoonful gently. Reheat just a moment; add 
 
 White Pepper — salt and pepper ; strain and serve at 
 
 once. This is elegant for fish or 
 
 UTENSILS" "sed in many ways with vegetables, 
 
 Measuring Cup Sauce'pan ^eing especially nice with bru^els 
 
 Measuring Spoon Double Boiler sprouts spinach and asparagus. This 
 
 Tablespoon Small Sieve sauce should be served as soon as made. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. (« 
 
 Copyright, 1806, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 3. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Mushrooms 1 Can 
 
 Kitchen Bouquet ... % Teaspoonful 
 Sweet Green Pepper 1 
 White Sauce . . 
 
 UTENSILS! 
 
 Double Boiler Tablespoon 
 
 Teaspoon 
 
 MUSHROOM SAUCE. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Make according to recipe for White 
 Sauce (See Recipe 1) ; add the kitchen 
 bouquet and 1 can of mushrooms 
 drained and rinsed in cold water; 
 stand the double boiler over a slow 
 fire for ten minutes. This is nice 
 served with sweetbreads or warmed- 
 over chicken. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Vawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 4. CHOCOLATE SAUCE FOR ICE CREAM. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Chocolate 1 Square 
 
 Sugar 1 Cup Melt the chocolate in the double 
 
 Boiling Water 1 Cup boiler. Add the sugar and water. Stir 
 
 Vanilla 1 Teaspoonful while adding the. water, so as to form 
 
 Nuts, chopped % Cup a smooth, glossy mixture as it cooks. 
 
 Keep adding the water and the sugar 
 
 UTENSILS: '-ntil all is used. Boil until thick as 
 
 Double Boiler Measuring Cup desired. Remove from the fire, add 
 
 Tablespoon Teaspoon vanilla and nuts and serve at once. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
SAUCES. 
 
 45 
 
 Recipe 5. LEMON SAUCE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Flour 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Boiling Water 1 Cup Mix the flour and sugar well to- 
 
 Sugar.... % Clip getlier in the double boiler and pour 
 
 Egg 1 over quickly in the boiling water, all 
 
 Vanilla 1 Teaspoonful the time until it thickens. Remove 
 
 Lemon 1% Teaspoonfuls from the fire and add the lemon juice 
 
 and grated peel and pour while hot 
 
 UTENSILS: over the well-beaten egg. Mix well. 
 
 Double Boiler Measuring Cup This is nice sauce to serve over any hot 
 
 /Grater Lemon Squeezer puddings. 
 Egg Beater 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 5. Copyright, 1989, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk 
 
 Recipe 6. HARD SAUCE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Butter % Cup 
 
 Powdered Sugar ... 1 Cup^ ^^^^^^ Wash the butter in cold water un- 
 
 Br"ndy '.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.'. \\ 1 Tabl«p°o"onful t'^ i* is elastic ; put it into the bowl and 
 
 heat to a cream. When light, grad- 
 
 UTENSILS: ually add the sugar beating all the 
 
 Bowl SmallFlat Beater while. Add vanilla and gradually the 
 
 Measuring Cup Tablespoon brandy. Put into an attractive dish 
 
 Teaspoon to serve. Set on ice until wanted. 
 
 Fresh strawberries are a nice addition 
 to this, or a little grating of nutmeg 
 over the top. The brandy may be omitted by those who do not care to use 
 it. If brandy is omitted add one teaspoonful of lemon juice. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 7. MINT SAUCE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Gran. Sugar 2 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Boiling Water 1 Tablespoonful Dissolve the sugar in the boiling 
 
 arv^lK:?!.::::: i ?aSoonM water and add the chopped mint, cover 
 
 Vinegar V2 Cup and set away for one hour. Then drop 
 
 by drop add olive oil and vinegar. Mix 
 
 UTENSILS: well together and serve with fresh 
 
 Bowl Measuring Cup lamb. Finely chopped mint mixed with 
 
 rable=ipoon a glass of currant or green grape jelly 
 
 is an ai:;:rx:'eable change. 
 
46 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 8. 
 
 Materials. 
 
 Cranberries 1 
 
 Water 1/2 
 
 Sugar 2 
 
 Tart Apples 2 
 
 Cinnamon % Teaspoonful 
 
 CRANBERRY JELLY. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Quart 
 
 Cup 
 
 Cups 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Paring Knife 
 Stew Pan 
 Mould 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 - Measuring Spoon 
 Sieve 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Wash and pick over the cran- 
 berries, put into the stew pan with the 
 water arid apples quartered and cored. 
 Cover, and when the cranberries are 
 well " popped " open and the apples 
 tender rub through a sieve or colander. 
 Add the sugar, return to the fire, stir 
 until the sugar is dissolved and bring 
 only to the. boiling point. Remove from 
 the fire, flavor, turn into a mould or 
 individual glasses and serve with roast 
 turkey. The cinnamon and apples may 
 be omitted if desired. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk*s Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 9. APPLE SAUCE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS 
 
 Tart Apples 6 
 
 ButtM .'!;.".;;;.';;;; i Teaspoonful wipe the apples, cut in quarters 
 
 Nutmeg and core. Put into the sauce pan with 
 
 half a cup of water; cover and cook 
 
 UTENSILS- ""*^^ ^°^*'' ^^^^^ through the colander, 
 
 Sauce Pan Colander ^^^ !^^ ^"S^^ ^"^ '^""^'" "^^^^ ^ flight 
 
 Wooden Spoon ' Vegetable Paring .Sjratmg of nutmeg or cmnamon. Mix 
 
 Knife well and it is ready for use. 
 
 SOUPS. 
 
 (Soup Stocks and Meat and Vegetable Soups.) 
 
 , " Scientific cookery in the home, by the mistress or housekeeper, means the elevation 
 of the human race." 
 
 (All measurements level unless otherwise stated. Flour sifted before 
 
 measuring.) 
 
 Most soups are spoiled by making them in too much of a hurry, and cook- 
 ing rapidly. 
 
 Retaining the flavor by slow cooking and by having a soup kettle with 
 
SOUPS. 47 
 
 a itightly fitting cover, made from granite or aluminum or any good ware 
 which will not chip, is a necessity in making good soup. 
 
 Have it large enough to contain meat, bones and water, and room for 
 skimming. When all is ready and in the kettle, place over the fire and bring 
 slowly to the boiling point and skim. Now lower the flame if you use gas 
 or set back on the stove to simmer. Never boil soup as it makes it tasteless 
 and cloudy. 
 
 Very good soup stock is made from beef alone but it is improved in flavor 
 when made from equal parts of beef and veal. Veal and chicken make a 
 white stock and delicate in flavor ; or, again, a stock from one-half of beef and 
 one-quarter each of mutton and pork, liver and ham are used for flavor. 
 
 Americans are just beginning to learn the value of having soup stock 
 always on hand to use for gravies, sauces, made-over dishes, etc., which has 
 been much of the secret of taste and flavor in French and other foreign cooking. 
 
 Soups have been looked upon as a dish for the rich. They are for rich and 
 poor alike. 
 
 Use the clear soups or those with vegetables for dinner. 
 
 The cream or heavy soups may be served to better advantage for luncheon 
 or supper dishes and if we realized the value of soups we would have them 
 on our regular bills of fare. 
 
 Soups, however, should not be gulped down or taken into the mouth and 
 then swallowed, but held long enough to mix well with the saliva before enter- 
 ing the stomach. 
 
 A great variety of soups to suit individual tastes and occasions may be 
 made Vv^ith very little trouble, but learn first how to make a good soup stock 
 as a basis for many good and wholesome soups. 
 
 Recipe 1. SOUP STOCK. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Shin of Beef 3% lbs. 
 
 Water 2 Quarts Cut the meat from the bones. Put 
 
 On!on ::::::::::::: 1^^""^°°"^"' the sugar and half the onion sHced 
 
 Cloves 6 into the soup-kettle, stir untjl it browns 
 
 Bay Leaf 1 and forms a caramel ; then add the 
 
 UTENSILS- '"^^^ bones, and water. Cover and 
 
 c ^ ,,, r- 1 J bring very slowly to the boiling point. 
 
 Soup Kettle, porce- Colander ci,:~ t'... iu £ i j i f • 
 
 1 • 1- J Ti c- bkim. lurn the fire low and let sim- 
 
 lain lined or gran- Puree Sieve „„_ . „ i .. j, ;, 
 
 rr -f ^^^ two hours; then add the remain- 
 
 ' .^ "' ^ ing half of onion into which you have 
 
 , stuck the cloves and bay leaf. Simmer 
 
 another hour then strain through the 
 colander. Put the stock in a cold place over night. In the morning re- 
 move the fat, put back into the soup-kettle. Beat the white of an egg well 
 with the crushed shell in a half cup of water. Stir this well into the stock. 
 Bring to the boiling point. Boil hard three minutes, skim and strain through 
 two thicknesses of cheese cloth. A teaspoonful of lemon juice may be added 
 just before straining. This makes the stock clear and sparkling and it is the 
 
48 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 fouiidation of innumerable dinner soups, such as noodle, vegetable, ric«^ 
 macaronij etc 
 
 Mrs. Kiilfs Card Index CookinR Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. \. 
 
 Copyright 1906, by Mrs, Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 2- GOOD VEGETABLE SOUP. 
 
 Materials- Measure. Weight. DIRlSCTIONS, 
 
 Soup Stock 1 Quart 
 
 Carrot 1 Soak the barley two hours and then 
 
 Turnip 1 put into a stew pan over the fire, and 
 
 Potato 1 simmer very gently one hour. Prepare 
 
 Tomato 1 the vegetables and cut in fancy shapes 
 
 Barley ..;....! Tablespoonful or dice. Put them over the fire covered 
 
 Parsley (chopped) .. 1 Tablespoonful vvith boiling water and cook until ten- 
 Celery Seed .. . % Teaspoonful der. Add the stock to the barley, and 
 
 Salt, Pepper or Pap- when hot the cobked vegetables with 
 
 rika ............. the tomato cut in tiny pieces, and all 
 
 the remaining ingredients. Simmer 
 
 ■ . very slowly ten or fifteen minutes and 
 
 Two Stew Pans Small Knife turn into a hot tureen. Additional 
 
 Vegetable Cutters seasoning and color may be obtained 
 
 „ by the use of a few drops of Kitchen 
 
 Bouquet. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 3. TOMATO SOUP WITH VEGETABLES. 
 
 Materials. *^r,'n"" ^^*'"" DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tomatoes 1 Can 
 
 Carrot 1 
 
 Stalks of Celery ... 3 Add the stock and all the flavor- 
 Onion. .. — ... ...1 ings to the tomatoes ; cover and simmer 
 
 Soup Stock or Water 1 Pint r.fi . . ,- i ,,.1 1 1 
 
 Kitchen Bouquet ... V2 Teaspoonful fifteen minutes. Cook the celery and 
 
 Butter 3 Tablespoonfuls carrot cut in small pieces in a separate 
 
 Flour 3 Tablespoonfuls sauce pan. Brown the flour in the fry- 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful ^^^^ ^^^ butter, and rub together until 
 
 Paprika^. ........... smooth. Now put in the tomato mix- 
 
 UTENSILS: _ ture and stir until boiling and put 
 
 Two Stew Pans Measuring Cup through a sieve. Drain the vegetables, 
 
 Tablespoon Tea-spoon ^^^ ^j^^j^ tender unite with the soup, re- 
 
 gigyg heat and serve with croutons. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
SOUPS. 
 
 49 
 
 Recipe 4. CREAM OF TOMATO SOUP. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight, DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Milk 1 Quart 
 
 Strained Canned Put the tomatoes into stew pan 
 
 Tomatoes 1 Pint with the bay leaf and mace. Cover and 
 
 Blltt/^l ::::::::: 1 R^ing Tabic- simmer slowly fifteen minutes. Put 
 
 spoonful the milk into a double boiler. Rub the 
 
 Flour 2 Rounding Table- butter and flour together adding a little 
 
 spoonfuls Qf the hot jniik until smooth. Pour 
 
 Salt" I Teaspoonful into the milk, stirring all the while un- 
 
 Sugar 1 Teaspoonful til it thickens. Strain the tomatoes into 
 
 Soda Vi Teaspoonful a soup tureen, add the sugar, soda, salt 
 
 Parsley (chopj)ed) 1 Tablespoonful ^^^ pepper, then pour in the creamy 
 
 ^^PP^^ mixture all at once, stirring very gently 
 
 o ""til well blended. Sprinkle the pars- 
 
 urt-N 611.6 : jgy Q^gj. ^j^g ^^p ^jjj ggj.y^ ^t ojjj.g 
 
 Double Boiler Measuring, Spoon This- soup should never be thick but 
 
 Tablespoon Sieve of a light cream consistency. One-half 
 
 Soup Tureen the amount of tomatoes may be used if 
 
 preferred. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Publislied by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rocliester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 5. CREAM OF PEA SOUP. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Peas Va Can 
 
 Milk 1 Pint Open the can of peas fully an hour 
 
 Flour 3 Tablespoonf uls , , ^ . , ^ "' , 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful before using and empty at once from 
 
 Salt and Pepper . the can. Put the milk into the double 
 
 Parsley (chopped).. 1 Teaspponful , ., . . . . ■,■•.■, 
 
 Slice of Onion boiler with the onion and rub the 
 
 butter and flour together until smooth, 
 
 UTENSILS: with a little hot milk, and then pour 
 
 Double Boiler Colander it into the double boiler with the 
 
 Measuring Cup . Tablespoon remaining milk, stirring all the time 
 
 Egg Beater ^ Fine Sieve until it begins to thicken ; now beat 
 
 . well with the egg beater until creamy, 
 
 about five minutes. Press the peas, in- 
 cluding liquid, through the colander 
 and put into the double boiler, beat again, season with salt and pepper, press 
 through a fine sieve, add finely chopped parsley and serve with croutons, 
 which are made by spreading slices of bread with butter and cutting in 
 2—4 
 
50 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 squares; put into a pan under the toaster, watching carefully until a nice 
 brown on both sides. 
 
 Recipe 6. CREAM OF ASPARAGUS SOUP. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Stalks of Asparagus 1% Dozen 
 
 §oiiiSgwa-te;-::::: I cS , .^"^ t^° ^"'^^^^^ ^:r '^X *°p' f 
 
 Milk 4 Cups fresh asparagus and throw them into 
 
 Flour 2 Tablespoonfuls cold water. Cut all that is good of the 
 
 Butter 2 Tablespoonfuls remaining portion in small pieces and 
 
 SaTt and Pepper' : '. '. ^ P"t into the stew pan with the given 
 
 amount of boiling water. Love;: and 
 
 UTENSILS: simmer gently half an hour. Press well 
 
 Stew Pan Double Boiler through a colander. Turn this into the 
 
 Measuring Cup Tablespoon double boiler with the milk. Rub 
 
 S^u Tw'eln ^ ^^"^'' ^"^ ^°"'' together in the bowl, 
 
 oup ureen adding a little of the hot milk until 
 
 . it will pour like good cream. Stir this 
 
 well into the milk mixture, and when 
 it begins to thicken beat well with the egg beater. While this is cooking, 
 put the tips into a pan with the bay leaf, slice of onion, a little salt and boil', 
 ing water and cook for ten or fifteen minutes, or until just tender. Drain. 
 Have soup tureen hot, season and pour in the soup and place the asparagus 
 tips on top, distributing them in each plate of soup. Be careful in cooking 
 ' asparagus with milk, as an acid in the asparagus is apt to make it curdle. 
 
 Recipe 7. 
 
 MOCK OYSTER SOUP. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Vegetable Oysters.. 12 Stalks 
 
 Boiling Water 1 Quart 
 
 Milk 1 Pint 
 
 Onion 1 Slice 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Flour 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Salt 
 
 Pepper 
 
 Parsley 1 Sprig 
 
 Vinegar or Lemon 
 
 Juice 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Stew Pan Meastiring Cup 
 
 Double Boiler Tablespoon 
 
 Colander 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Scrape the vegetable oysters and 
 throw at once into cold water with 
 the vinegar or lemon juice to prevent 
 discoloring; cut thin slices; put these 
 into the stew pan with the boiling 
 water, onion and sprig of parsley ; cook 
 slowly thirty minutes or until tender. 
 Put the milk into the double boiler, add 
 the butter and flour rubbed together, 
 stir until it is smooth and begins to 
 thicken. When the vegetable oyster is 
 done rub through the colander and 
 pour into the double boiler, season and 
 serve. 
 
VEGETABLES. gl 
 
 Recipe 8. POP-CORN SOUR 
 
 Materials. Measure, DIRECTIONS- 
 
 Ears of Corn ...,,, 6 
 
 Bute" ::::::::::::: 2 ISfespoonf uu P"^ ^^^ miik into the double boHer 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful over the fire with the bay leaf and 
 
 Milk 1 Quart onion. Score each row of corn down 
 
 Bay Leaf 1 the center with the sharp l<nife and 
 
 ^'""j;; ; ■■■'■^ Tablespoonfuls ^^j ^^ ^^^ ^jl^ R^b butter and flour 
 
 Pop-Corn .......I. together, moisten with a little of the 
 
 hot soup, to make a paste, and turn 
 
 UT^^^^?",^' into the milk; stir constantly about 
 
 Shar^p. Jegetable Tablespo^on ^^^ ^^^ ^^ „^, ^^at^ with egg beater 
 
 Measuring Spoon Serve with pop-corn instead of wafers, 
 
 VEGETABLES. 
 
 (Full directions for cooking all kinds of vegetables and retaining theit 
 
 delicate flavors.) 
 
 " We go on in the beaten path without profiting by the varieties to be found on every 
 side." 
 
 (All measurements level unless otherwise stated. Flour sifted before 
 
 measuring.) 
 
 Vegetables are divided into four groups : 
 
 1. Muscle Building or Nitrogenous. — ^These take the place of meat and 
 are such as peas, beans, lentils, and nuts, 
 
 3. The Heat and Energy Producers. — These must be used in larger quan- 
 tities than the muscle building foods. They are rice, white and sweet pota- 
 toes, white bread, macaroni, spaghetti, chestnuts and the cereals. 
 
 3. Fat Producers. — These include nuts and olives. This group is one 
 not so largely used or considered. Many times used only as " extras " when 
 we have company. This is a grave mistake. 
 
 4. The vegetables of this group are important as cleaners and are largely 
 water, mineral water and fine flavoring. They include lettuce, radishes, cab- 
 bage, celery; in fact, all the green succulent vegetables come under this head 
 and are used largely in salads. 
 
 All vegetables should be cooked in uncovered vessels in boiling water 
 
 Vegetables growing above ground should have salt added to the water. 
 Underground vegetables, such as turnips and beets, should be cooked in boil- 
 ing, unsalted water. 
 
 Dry vegetables, such as old peas and beans should be soaked over night 
 in cold water. 
 
 To freshen vegetables when wilted, soak an hour in cold water. Never 
 add salt as it softens them ; particularly is this true of cucumbers. 
 
 All vegetables must be thoroughly cleaned before using and nothing is 
 better for this than a vegetable brush and a sharp pointed knife. 
 
 Many pages might be written on the food value of vegetable diet. It is 
 
53 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 the one thing in cooking that requires care ; it is the one thing that does not 
 get it. There are general principles underlying all vegetable cooking which 
 are easy for every housekeeper to understand, if her interest can be aroused to 
 do it. As vegetables are generally cooked they are tasteless and there is no 
 branch of cooking as carelessly done, both at home and in hotels and restau- 
 rants, as the cooking of vegetables. 
 
 Practically all the elements necessary for the building of the body are 
 found in vegetables and with these are included nuts and fruits. Health and 
 nutrition depend upon the right selection and combination of these. There 
 is such a variety of vegetables to be had in every state. Combine with this 
 their clean and wholesome qualities and it is a wonder we are such a meat 
 eating nation. But vegetable cooking requires greater care than cooking 
 meat. Careless and rapid cooking dissipates the flavor and then we have a 
 tasteless article. 
 
 Vegetables should not be closely covered while cooking. They are full 
 of volatile oils — some more than others — and if these with the gases generated 
 by cooking are not allowed to pass off into steam the vegetables are dark and 
 strong in flavor. 
 
 Our living, habits, and character are largely dependent upon what we 
 eat and we must, to sustain life, eat every year about half a ton of cooked food. 
 One can readily see that a large proportion of the health, comfort and happi- 
 ness of the home comes from the dining room and kitchen. How important it 
 is, then, that we and our daughters should be educated along the lines of 
 cookery. The practical kind where they can apply their chemistry both in 
 the kitchen and laundry if need be ; their physiology in the selection and 
 cooking of foods ; their lessons in fine arts, in the harmony of foods. Never 
 be at the mercy of your cook, but know these things yourself. If you do not 
 you will have not only badly cooked foods but unfriendly combinations. 
 
 Recipe 1. BOILED RICE, 
 
 , . , „ DIRECTIONS- 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Sah ■'::::::::::::: y' TeLpoonfuI . Buy the best south CaroHna whole 
 
 Boiling Water.. c... 2 Quarts nee and put the given amount into 
 
 cold water, washing well. Repeat sev- 
 
 UTENSILS: eral times. Then cover with cold water 
 
 One Large Stew Measuring Cup and soak over night or for several 
 
 P^" Colander hours. Have the stew .pan ready with 
 
 , the boiling water, drain the rice, and 
 
 add a little at a time so as not to stop 
 the rapid boiling. Let boil very rapidly for ten or fifteen minutes, or until 
 a kernel is soft under pressure with a fork. Drain in a colander and hold 
 under the cold water faucet, letting the cold water run slowly over it. This 
 removes the starch and whitens the rice. Now sprinkle with salt and set 
 the colander on a pie pan in a warm oven to dry, occasionally tossing the 
 rice up and down. This is a fine substitute for potatoes at least twice a 
 week and may be served with a little pitcher of melted butter or butter and 
 sugar or a rich brown gravy. 
 
 Mrs. Kirlc's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2 Copyright, 1908. by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk, 
 
VEGETABLES. 
 
 53 
 
 Recipe 2. 
 
 RICE CROQUETTES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Rice 1 Cup 
 
 Milk 4 Cups 
 
 Yolks of Eggs 4 
 
 Chopped Parsley .. 1 Tablespoonful 
 Salt and Pepper .... 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Frying Basket Measuring Cup 
 
 Kettle 
 Egg Beater 
 
 Tablespoon 
 Double Boiler 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Wash the rice and put into the 
 double boiler with the milk. Cook 
 until all the milk has been absorbed by 
 the rice. Add the beaten yolks, pars- 
 ley, salt and pepper. Mix and cool. 
 Shape in any desired form, roll in 
 beaten egg and bread crumbs, set in 
 the frying basket and dip into hot fat. 
 These may be served with cream or 
 tomato sauce. They may also be 
 shaped like little nests and a nice bit 
 of jelly put in them when ready to 
 serve. 
 
 Recipe 3. 
 
 • Materials. 
 
 Chopped Potatoes .. 5 
 Sweet Green Pepper ^ 
 
 Salt 
 
 Butter 3 
 
 Chopped Parsley ... 1 
 Onion 1 
 
 POTATOES O'BRIEN. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Tablespoonfujs 
 
 Tablespoonful 
 
 Tablespoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Steel Spider Tablespoon 
 
 Chopping Bowl and Knife 
 Measuring Cup 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Peel and slice a medium-sized 
 onion and remove the seeds from the, 
 pepper. Chop both fine, also parsley. 
 Chop the potatoes and mix with the 
 first mixture and salt. Put the butter 
 into the steel spider — or half butter and 
 half fryings ; when hot add the pota- 
 toes. Smooth and when they brown 
 stir them up. Do not cook them too 
 fast. When done press to one side of 
 the spider, brown and turn out on a 
 hot platter to serve. 
 
 Recipe 4. 
 
 HASHED BROWN POTATOES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Cold Boiled Pota- 
 toes 2 
 
 Salt % Teaspoonful 
 
 Pepper 
 
 Cream 4 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Steel Spider Tablespoon 
 
 Measuring Spoon Chopping Bowl and 
 Knife 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Chop the potatoes rather fine, add 
 salt artd pepper and the cream; put. the 
 butter into the spider; melt; add the 
 potatoes, smooth down nicely, cover, 
 cook a moment over the fire and push 
 back on the stove where they will cook 
 slowly 10 minutes. Turn out on a hot 
 platter as you would an omelet. 
 
54 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 5. 
 
 POTATOES AU GRATIN. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. 
 
 Potatoes (boiled) ... 6 
 
 Cream 1 Cup 
 
 Flour 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Eggs 3 Yolks 
 
 Stock or Milk 1 Cup 
 
 Butter 2 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Grated Cheese 6 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful 
 
 Paprika % Teaspoonful 
 
 Sweet Pepper, red 
 
 and green 1 of each 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Fry-pan Baking Dish 
 
 Bowl Egg Beater 
 
 Potato Knife 
 
 Rub butter and flour together un- 
 til smooth in the fry-pan, add stock 
 and cream and stir until it boils, take 
 from the fire, add the yolks well beaten, 
 cheese, and seasonings. Put a layer of 
 this sauce in the bottom of a baking 
 dish, sprinkle over this some of the 
 peppers chopped fine, then a layer of 
 the potatoes sliced, another layer of 
 sauce and peppers, and so continue, 
 having the last layer sauce; sprinkle 
 bread crumbs over the top and a few 
 small pieces of butter and bake in a 
 quick oven until brown. Serve in the 
 dish in which it was baked. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 6. LIMA BEANS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Lima Beans 1 Can „, , ,, ,. , ^ 
 
 Butter 2 Tablespoonfuls Choose the small lima beans. Open 
 
 Yolk of Eggs 2 the can, drain, and rinse well with cold 
 
 Parsley 1 Tablespoonful water. Put over the fire with just 
 
 kitXn tVei ■■:.'% T^Sorfui"'^ enough water to keep them from burn- 
 Sprig of Mint 1 ing until well heated through. Beat 
 
 the butter and eggs well together, add- 
 
 UTENSILS: j^g the parsley finely chopped and all 
 
 Stew Pan or Chafing Dish the remaining seasonings. Add the 
 
 Teasnoon Tablespoon gauce carefully to the beans and when 
 
 hot serve at once. Peas are very nice 
 
 prepared in the same manner. 
 
 Mrs. KirVs Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 7. PLAIN ASPARAGUS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Asparagus 1 Bunch 
 
 Butter 3 Tablespoonfuls -jiir i. ii -u i i 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful Wash well a bunch of asparagus ; 
 
 cut off the very hard portion and tie 
 
 UTENSILS: in small bundles. Put them upright 
 
 Tablespoon Teaspoon into a kettle of water, leaving the tips 
 
 Paring Knife out of tfie water for the first fifteen 
 
 minutes. Then cover with boiling 
 
 water and cook until tender. Drain, 
 
VEGETABLES. 
 
 55 
 
 put into a dish and pour over the carefully melted butter. This may also be 
 served on nice squares of toast arranged on a hot platter. Pour over a sauce 
 made as follows: 
 
 Rub one tablespoonful of butter and one of flour well together in a 
 stew pan; add one cup of cold milk and stir constantly until it reaches the 
 boiling point. Add salt and pepper and strain over the asparagus and toast. 
 An egg beaten into the sauce just as you remove it fron?, the fire is a nice 
 addition. Serve also with Hollandaise sauce for a change. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 8. ASPARAGUS TIPS IN PATTIE CASES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Pattie Cases 4 
 
 Asparagus Tips 2 Cups Selpct fresh tendpr a-^narao-rKs and 
 
 Milk and Cream ... 1 Cup , ^select iresn, tenaer asparagus and 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful cut m inch length pieces down the 
 
 Flour 1 Tablespoonful stalk as far as tender. Throw into 
 
 Salt and Pepper . . . plenty of rapidly boiling water and boil 
 
 UTENSILS- until tender. Drain and save the water 
 
 -1, T VI ' with the remaining stalks for soup the 
 Sauce Pan Tablespoon . , , ■»«■ i i -^ -.i 
 M u 'n Cu next day. Make a white sauce with 
 n g p ^j^^ milk, cream, butter, flour and sea-' 
 sonings. Add the asparagus, mix care- 
 fully so as not to have the pieces 
 mashed. In the meantime have the pattie cases heating; fill, set on a small 
 paper doily on a hot plate and serve at once. 
 
 Recipe 9. 
 
 BAKED STUFFED TOMATOES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Tomatoes 4 
 
 White Bread 
 
 Crumbs 
 
 Grated Onions .... 3 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Egg ; 1 
 
 Salt and Paprika .- 
 
 Butter 
 
 Chopped Parsley ... 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Vegetable Knife Grater 
 Egg Beater Baking Pan 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Choose medium-sized tomatoes of 
 uniform size, wipe clean and cut at the 
 blossom end. Scoop out the pulp and 
 mix an equal quantity of bread crumbs, 
 the chopped onion — less onion if you 
 do not care for the flavor — seasoning 
 and the egg beaten. Fill the tomatoes, 
 put a piece of butter on top, sprinkle 
 with bread crumbs and bake in a but- 
 tered pan with hot water just covering 
 the bottom. Baste with melted butter 
 mixed with a little water and bake in 
 a moderately quick oven 15 to 30 
 minutes. 
 
56 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 10. SWEET POTATOES EN CASSEROLE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Sweet Potatoes 6 
 
 Sherry ■:■.:.■■.;;■.;:;: 2 Tablcspoonfuls Select medium-sized potatoes of 
 
 Maple or Brown uniform size. Pare and cut in halves 
 
 Sugar 3 Tablespoonfuls lengthwise, put into the sauce pan, 
 
 cover with salted boiling water and 
 UTENSILS; j^qjI g^g minutes. Drain. Melt the 
 
 Casserole Vegetable Knife Gutter and pour into the casserole, 
 
 sauce Pan Tablespoon n i. • i r i ^ • i i 
 
 Put m a layer of potatoes, spnnkle 
 
 lightly with salt, bits of butter and 
 
 plenty of grated maple or brown sugar. 
 Then another layer of potatoes and so continue until all are used. Add two 
 tablespoonfuls of water and the same of sherry. Cover and set in a moderate 
 oven to bake for twenty or thirty minutes. When done the potatoes should 
 be moist with a little thick syrup in the dish. The sherry may be omitted if 
 you do not use wines. 
 
 Recipe 11. 
 
 GLAZED SWEET POTATOES. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Sweet Potatoes .... 6 
 
 Grari. Sugar % Cup 
 
 Water % Cup 
 
 Butter % Tablespoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Sauce Pan Baking Pan 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 
 Wash and pare medium-sized po- 
 tatoes, cut in halves lengthwise and 
 throw at once into cold water. Have 
 boiling salted water in the sauce pan; 
 put in the potatoes and boil eight or 
 ten minutes. Drain. Boil sugar, water 
 and butter three minutes or until a 
 syrup. Dip each piece of potato into 
 this, put into the baking pan and bake 
 15 minutes. Baste them two or three 
 times with the remaining syrup. 
 
 Recipe 12. MASHED TURNIPS. 
 
 „„ . JIf!t"ials. Measure. ' DIRECTIONS. 
 
 White Turnips 6 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoon c i i. n . •, 
 
 Pepper belect firm, white turnips or the 
 
 Salt ruta-baga, a large yellow variety. 
 
 Cream 1 or 2 Tablesp'fuls Wash and pare, cut in slices and throw 
 
 UTENSILS- '^^^° boiling salted water. Cook uncov- 
 
 Stew Pan Small Wooden Spoon - f'^i' J"st below the boiling point until 
 
 Potato Ricer or Wooden Potato Masher tender. Drain and shake a moment over 
 
 the fire until dry. Press through the 
 
 — potato ricer or mash and season with 
 
 salt, pepper, butter and cream. Heap 
 
VEGETABLES. 
 
 57 
 
 in a vegetable dish with a dash of paprika on top and serve very hot with 
 duck or mutton ; also very nice with roast pork or spare-ribs. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 13. 
 
 CREAMED CABBAGE. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Finely Cut Cabbage i Quart 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Egg 1 
 
 Cream % Cup 
 
 Vinegar % Cup 
 
 Pepper and Salt . . . 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Sauce Pan Tablespoon 
 
 Measuring Cup Slaw Cutter 
 
 Cut hard white cabbage fine and 
 stand in cold water for an hour; drain 
 and place it in a covered kettle of 
 boiling salted water for fifteen or 
 twenty minutes. Drain and add the 
 vinegar, salt and pepper and bring to 
 the boiling point. Beat the egg with 
 the cream, the melted butter and mix 
 well with the cabbage. Let remain 
 just a moment over the fire, remove 
 to a hot dish and serve. 
 
 Recipe 14. 
 
 Materials. 
 Head White Cabbage 
 
 Vinegar 2 
 
 Eggs 3 
 
 Salt and Pepper . . . 
 Thick Sour Cream . . V2 
 
 Sugar 1 
 
 Sweet Green Pepper 1 
 
 SOUR CREAM SLAW. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Cup 
 Teaspoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Slaw Cutter Tablespoon 
 
 Measuring Cup Teaspoon 
 
 Sauce Pan 
 
 The eggs may be omitted and 
 with a silver fork until it is light and foamy. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Select a firm, white head of cab- 
 bage and if a large one, one-half will 
 be sufficient. Slice fine, cover with 
 cold water for an hour, also the green 
 pepper cut fine. Drain and rub in a 
 towel until dry. Put the vinegar into 
 the sauce pan and when hot add the 
 eggs well beaten and mixed with the 
 sour cream. Stir until it thickens. 
 Remove from the fire and add season- 
 ingf. Mix cabbage with this and 
 serve cold, 
 the remaining ingredients beaten in 
 
 Recipe 15. 
 
 GREEN CORN. 
 
 Remove the coarse outside husks of good sweet corn. Loosen the fine 
 husks next to the corn and roll it back so as to remove all the silk. Now 
 roll back into place. Break or cut oft" the butt and put to boil in a kettle of 
 
58 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME REClPE SOOfc 
 
 boiling water for five minutes. To be perfect the corn should be dooked as 
 soon as possible after picking. One-third milk with the boiling water makes 
 the corn white. 
 
 Recipe 16. 
 
 CORN l^RITTERS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Ears of Corn 6 
 
 Milk 1 Cup 
 
 Flour 1 Cup 
 
 Sugar 1 Teaspoonful 
 
 Baking Powder 1 Teaspoonful 
 
 Salt 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Measuring Cup Kettle 
 
 Measuring Spoon Bowl 
 
 Corn Slitter Egg Beater 
 Tablespoon 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Take the corn and press out the 
 pulp by running it over the corn slitter 
 or score it with a very sharp knife. 
 Add the yolks of the eggs and the re- 
 maining ingredients, the baking powder 
 sifted with the flour. Beat well and 
 stir in the well-beaten whites; fry in 
 deep fat in the kettle, dropping a good- 
 sized teaspoonful at a time. They 
 should puff nice and round and are nice 
 for lunch with maple syrup. 
 
 Recipe 17. ESCALLOPED CORN. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Canned Corn % Can 
 
 Milk 1 Cup Butter the baking dish and put 
 
 Butter — 1 Tablespoonful a layer of corn in the bottom of the 
 
 Bread Crumbs 1 Teacupful jish, then a layer of grated white bread 
 
 PspP^"" crumbs, salt and a little pepper ; repeat 
 
 UTENSILS: until all is used. Dot the bits of but- 
 Baking Dish Measuring Cup ter over it and pour the milk over the 
 Grater Measuring Spoon whole. Bake m a quick oven about 
 
 twenty minutes. 
 
 Recipe 18. TOMATOES STUFFED WITH CORN. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tomatoes (medium) 4 
 
 Green or Canned Use sufficient left-over corn from 
 
 htS?""? i'l; o T.M.=c,.,-,^«f„i= 3- previous meal or canned corn to fill 
 
 Sm^^"."'^::::;2TaSooSfSls the scooped out. tomatoes from the 
 
 Salt and Pepper Stem ends of which you have cut off 
 
 a slice or cap. Mix all the seasonings 
 
 UTENSILS: ^jth the corn before filling. Put on the 
 
 Baking Pan Vegetable Knife caps and stand them in the buttered 
 
 Tablespoon baking pan in a hot oven for half an 
 
 hour. Serve as one hot vegetable dish 
 
 for dinner. Tomatoes are also nice 
 
VEGETABLES. 
 
 59 
 
 broiled or fried, either green or ripe. They must be cut rather thick, rolled 
 in egg and bread crumbs and then fried, browning on both sides. 
 
 Recipe 19. 
 
 Materials. Measure, 
 
 Carrots 2 
 
 White Turnips .... 4 
 
 Parsley 
 
 Hollandaise Sauce.. 
 
 CARROTS A LA HOLLANDAISE. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Potato Scoop Two Stew Pans 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Clean, scrape the carrots and cut 
 in dice. Throw them into boiling water 
 and cook slowly until tender. Pare the 
 turnips, cut a slice from the stem, 
 scoop out the center, leaving a cup. 
 Put into plenty of unsalted boiling 
 water and simmer until tender. When 
 
 tender lift the turnips from the water 
 
 and drain. Drain the carrots, mix with 
 the Hollandaise Sauce. Fill these in the turnip cups, garnish with parsley 
 and serve. Carrots are very nice cooked with peas ; or cook plain and season 
 with one tablespoonful of butter, one of flour and a teaspoonful of Kitchen 
 Bouquet. • 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Afice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 20. 
 
 Materials. 
 
 Tomatoes 3 
 
 Chopped Parsley . . . 
 
 Cream V2 
 
 Milk V2 
 
 Flour 1 
 
 Pepper and Salt . . . 
 
 Toast 
 
 Butter 1 
 
 Grated Onion 1 
 
 TOMATOES ON TOAST. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Cup 
 Cup 
 Tablespoonful 
 
 Tablespoonful 
 Teaspoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Baking Dish Tablespoon 
 
 Measuring Cup Toaster 
 
 Vegetable Knife 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Wash and cut the tomatoes in 
 halves crosswise; set in a buttered 
 baking pan, sprinkle with salt, pepper 
 and a little finely chopped parsley; put 
 a little piece of butter on the top of 
 each and bake in a moderate oven about 
 half an hour. Do not bake too long or 
 they will fall to pieces. Have the toast 
 ready, carefully lift one-half tomato to 
 each piece. Make the sauce with the 
 remaining butter, milk and cream, 
 onion juice, salt and pepper in the bak- 
 ing pan and pour this over the tomatoes 
 and toast. This is nice for breakfast, 
 luncheon or supper. 
 
60 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 21. ESCALLOPED TOMATOES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tomatoes 6 or 8 
 
 Grated oAion':::::: I ■rlhlTsloolinU Scald and peel the tomatoes and 
 
 Bread cut in slices, or if canned ones are/Used, 
 
 Salt and Pepper . . . one-half can will be necessary. Make 
 
 ^j „ „^^ „. croutons of the bread by buttering, cut- 
 
 „ , . .^. , ~ ti ' tine in half-inch squares and toastinsr. 
 
 vSfbk Knife ^^''^"P°°" Butter the baking dish and put a layer 
 
 of the bread croutons in the bottom, 
 ' then a layer of tomatoes and a little of 
 
 all the seasoning, then another layer 
 of bread, tomatoes, and so continue, having bread last on top, with bits of 
 butter, and bake in a quick oven about half an hour. 
 
 Recipe 22. 
 
 TOMATOES DU BARRY. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Select smooth, small tomatoes, 
 wash", put into the stew pan and cover 
 with rapidly boiling water; add salt 
 and keep boiling at a gallop for about 
 ten minutes or until the tomatoes are 
 tender, when pierced with a fork. Re- 
 move carefully with a skimmer to a 
 hot platter. With a sharp pointed 
 knife cut out the little hard stem and 
 
 cut a horizontal and vertical gash 
 
 across the top of each. Turn or roll 
 back for a little ways the outside skin and pour over and around the tomatoes, 
 the butter and seasonings carefully melted by standing in hot water. Chop 
 parsley very fine and sprinkle over the top of each tomato, and garnish the 
 dish with nice bunches of parsley at each end. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y,. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Tomatoes 4 
 
 Butter 1 Large TablespTl 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful 
 
 Onion Extract 4 Drops 
 
 Pepper 
 
 Parsley 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 iStew Pan Tablespoon 
 
 Skimmer Teaspoon 
 
 Knife 
 
 Recipe 23. 
 
 BOILED CUCUMBERS. 
 
 Select good sized cucumbers and pare them ; cut in halves, scoop out th© 
 seeds, then cut each in two crosswise. Throw these into boiling salted water 
 until tender, about thirty minutes; drain. Lift into a hot serving dish and 
 pour over a white sauce, seasoned with grated onion and chopped parsley. 
 Jlollandaise Sauce is also good witji these cucqqibers. 
 
VEGETABLES. 
 
 61 
 
 Recipe 24. STUFFED EGG PLANT. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Egg Plant 1 
 
 Stale White Bread Choose a full, dark purple egg 
 
 En'Jlis" Walnuts' l ! [ \ Cu^ P'^nt. Cook in plenty of boiling water 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful fifteen minutes. While boiling, shell 
 
 Chopped Onion 1 Tablespoonful and chop the nuts, grate the bread 
 
 Savory Vi Teaspoonful crumbs and chop the onion. When the 
 
 Pg^ "j! egg plant has boiled the required time, 
 
 Egg ............... 1 remove from the kettle and cut cross- 
 
 wise in halves, and with a pointed knife 
 UTENSILS: cut out the pulp about one-half inch 
 
 Steel Spider Chopping Bowl and from the outside ; and with a spoon re- 
 
 Grater ,;r^"'^^. r. move it from the shell. Chop this fine. 
 
 Cup irSeater Bairg'pL^"" Pjtt the butter into tl^ spider melt. 
 
 Sharp Knife "^dd the onion and cook it until it is 
 
 yellow but not brown. Then add the 
 
 egg plant and cook a moment, then 
 
 the remaining ingredients — except the 
 egg — mixing all well together. When thoroughly heated remove from the 
 fire and add the well-beaten egg. Stand the egg plant shells in a buttered 
 pan and refill with this mixture, heaping well on the top and sprinkling with 
 bread crumbs. Baste with melted butter and twice again while baking in 
 a moderate oven three-quarters of an hour This is a nice luncheon dish 
 and a perfect substitute for meat. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's- Card Index Cookiner Recipes. 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfc Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 , Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs, Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 25. STUFFED SWEET PEPPERS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Sweet Peppers 6 Cut thfe peppers in halves, cross- 
 
 On?on "* 1 ^'^^' remove the seeds and cut ofJ the 
 
 ButtM '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. \ Tablespoonful stem, or leave them whole, save cutting 
 
 Parsley 1 Tablespoonful ofif a cap. Chop the meat (this may be 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful veal, chicken or lamb) fine, also the 
 
 Mushrooms Vj Cup -^^^ ^^ mushrooms. Mix all the in- 
 
 Bread Crumbs % Cup j- ^ ^ it. i. ^t. ^ i 
 
 Water or Stock .... 1 Cup gredients together except the stock or 
 
 water; fill the peppers and stand in a 
 
 UTENSILS* P^" ^"^ pour the hot stock or water 
 
 „ .. 17 ., 1VT • r- around them, basting often. Bake 
 
 Paring Knife Measuring Cup i i ..i ^ c i a 
 
 Meat Chopper Tablespoon slowly three-quarters of an hour. A 
 
 Baking Pan Teaspoon nice luncheon dish. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk*s Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Cppyri^ht, 1906, by Mrs. Arice Gitchell ^rl;. 
 
63 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE b60K, 
 
 Recipe 26. SPINACH— BOILED AND CREAMED. 
 
 Materials. Measure, DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Spinach % Peck 
 
 Butter 2 Tablespoonfuls Boiled Spinach. — Fill the large pan 
 
 Cream % Cup with lukewarm water and take each 
 
 u ^•i--r.i-i7- I Teaspoonful ^^^^ ^f spinach and dip up and down 
 
 Hard Boiled Eggs . . 3 . ■ ii j. ^i. • ^ ^i 
 
 Pgpper .7... 1" the water; throw into another pan 
 
 Triangles of Toast. . 4 of water and wash the same way. Trim 
 
 off as much or as little of the root as 
 UTENSILS: y.Q„ ^y.^ After the spinach has been 
 
 MeasuringCup Large Pans ^^^ cashed throw into a heated kettle, 
 
 Kettle Colander j ... j i i^ 
 
 cover and stand over a very slow fire 
 
 for a moment until the juices start. 
 
 Uncover, salt, and cook in its own 
 juices about 20 minutes. Drain in a colander and serve hot. This may be 
 chopped very fine if preferred. 
 
 Creamed Spinach. — Cook as above, drain and press out the water. Chop 
 fine, return it to the sauce pan, add all the seasonings and stir over the fire 
 until hot. Have the eggs quartered and toast ready. Pres^ the spinach into 
 a mold or dish, then turn out onto a serving dish. Garnish with the toast 
 and eggs and serve. When the spinach is chopped fine it can be pressed 
 through the pastry bag and tube, or if you have any left it can be molded 
 in small cups and served as a salad with mayonnaise or French dressing. " 
 
 SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS. 
 
 " Bestowed with lettuce and cool herbs." 
 
 " Salads refresh without exciting, and make people younger." 
 
 (All measurements level. Flour sifted before measuring.) 
 
 There was a time when it was quite necessary to educate people to eat 
 salads. While this might not have been true in foreign countries it has been 
 in our own. A salad is by no means a modern invention, as lettuce, 9ress and 
 cucumbers were used by ancients for dinner salads, although the dressing was 
 quite different. Nothing is more appetizing than a fresh green vegetable and 
 French dressing. On account of expense and time simple salads should be 
 studied. 
 
 The vegetable must be fresh to crispness, the simple dressing perfectly 
 blended and all ingredients cold. It must appeal to the eye as well as to the 
 stomach. To become an expert salad maker, one must have a good idea of 
 color and form, a very, keen sense of taste, and a desire as well in planning, 
 new combinations. Avoid too many mixtures and the materials used should 
 be harmonious ones both as to color and proper food relations. 
 
 With lettuce, cress, endive, as the most common " greens " used in salads 
 and with any simple dressing you have a perfect dinner salad. 
 
 Salads are not simply the " fashion " but they are in strict accordance with 
 our well being and should find a place on every table at least once a day. 
 
SALADS ANt) SALAD DRESSINGS. 63 
 
 SALADS SERVED WITH FRENCH DRESSING. 
 ■ Some Combinations. 
 
 Lettuce — Half a tomato, chopped cucumber and green pepper. 
 
 Lettuce — Cream cheese moulded with chopped pimentos and olives. To- 
 matoes with mint chopped fine in French dressing. 
 
 Lettuce — Moulded spinach and hard boiled eggs or beets. 
 
 Dandelion — Watercress and tomatoes cut into quarters or eighths. 
 
 Lettuce — English walnuts. 
 
 With any succvilent green vegetable and French dressing you have — if 
 well made and served — a perfect dinner salad. 
 
 These green or succulent vegetables contain the necessary salts for the 
 blood ; the lemon or vinegar, the acid ; and the oil, a most wholesome and 
 easily digested fat. 
 
 The amount of oil to be used in either the mayonnaise or French dressing 
 depends upon the individual taste. One person may like more oil and less of 
 the acid and vice versa, hence only general rules can be given for these 
 dressings. 
 
 Recipe 1. MAYONNAISE DRESSING. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Eggs 3 Yolks TD 1. it. • • 
 
 Ol^e Oil V2 Pint ""* the mayonnaise mixer on ice. 
 
 Lemon Juice ....... 3 Tablespoonfuls Separate the yolks very carefully and 
 
 Salt V2 Teaspoonful put into the bowl of the mixer. Turn 
 
 Dash^of'CaVnne'" ^* "^^^^P"""^"' the dasher until the yolk is slightly 
 
 ayen e... beaten. Then from the dropper add the 
 
 UTENSILS: ' °^' ^ drop at a time, stirring steadily, 
 
 Christy Mayon- Glass Lemon ""til one dropperful has been used ; 
 
 naise Mixer Squeezer then a little more at a time may be 
 
 Measuring Cup Tablespoon added until half the oil has been beaten 
 
 Teaspoon jjj^.^ ^j^g ggg._ j^^^ begin to alternate 
 
 with the lemon juice and oil until all 
 
 are well blended. Put in seasonings, 
 pour into a pint jar, screw on cover tightly and place in refrigerator where it 
 will keep for two weeks. When ready to use it may be thinned with whipped 
 cream or the white of an egg well beaten. Tarragon or plain vinegar may 
 be used instead of the lemon juice if preferred. This should be made in 
 five to eight minutes. A Dover egg beater may be used but it will take much 
 longer. 
 
 Parsley Mayonnaise. 
 
 Chop and pound fine one tablespoonful of parsley, adding a few drops 
 of lemon juice. To this add one cup of good thick mayonnaise and a tiny 
 bit of the desired coloring from any good fruit coloring. Do not add any 
 fruit coloring unless it is necessary as the coloring from the parsley is usually 
 sufficient. If you do not happen to have lemon juice two or three drops of 
 alcohol will start the juices and coloring. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by'Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
64 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 2. FRENCH DRESSING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Olive Oil 6 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Vinepr or Lemon ^ ^ oonfuls ^"^ *^^ '^°'*^' ^^^^ ^^^^ ^'°^^ °^ 
 
 Sau"^.*. ............ 1 Teasjfoonful" ^ garlic and add a piece of ice the size 
 
 Garlic "...... ....... 1 Clove of a hickory nut. Put in salt and pep- 
 Paprika Vi Teaspoonful per, adding gradually the oil, stirring 
 
 UTENSILS rapidly. When the salt is dissolved, 
 
 Bowl Tablespoon add the vinegar, gradually-lemon juice 
 
 Teaspoon °^ tarragon vinegar may be used. To 
 
 vary this a teaspoonful of Worcester- 
 
 '- shire Sauce may be added, or a few 
 
 drops of Kitchen Bouquet. Mint is 
 excellent chopped fine in French dressing over tomatoes, or a tablespoonful 
 of chopped chives or chopped parsley. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe MIk. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 3. COOKED SALAD DRESSING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Sugar 4 Feaspoonfuls 
 
 F'our • • • • 3 Teaspoonfuls Mix all the dry ingredients to- 
 
 SaT""!. .!T'.:::i Teaspoon^ gether and slowly add the vinegar. 
 
 Mustard % Teaspoonful Heat m the double boiler and while so 
 
 Vinegar % Cup doing, beat one egg very light, then 
 
 ^ss 1 . ,,. , , pour the seasoned vinegar onto the esg 
 
 Butter Size of Walnut ^ .., .u u ^-4. c ^u i ^.i. i?^ 
 
 with the butter. Set back over the hot 
 
 UTENSILS: water and cook until it thickens, stir- 
 Double Boiler Measuring Spoon ring constantly. When cold, thin a 
 Egg Beater Measuring Cup little with sweet cream, beating well. 
 
 Recipe 4. POTATO SALAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Potatoes 4 
 
 Cucumber 1 Boil the potatoes with the skins on. 
 
 Small 0^nion^^._^ 1 When done drain and shake near an 
 
 Oi°^^. .°. . . .^ .'...6 Tablespoonfuls open window to have them dry and 
 
 Vinegar 3 Tablespoonfuls white. Remove the skins and cut the 
 
 Parsley 1 Tablespoonful potatoes in dice. Rub the salad bowl 
 
 lltonnaise- DVessl- ' ^^^^^°°"'"' with the garlic. Chop the onion very 
 
 ing % Cup fine or grate, and with the potato put 
 
 it into the bowl and pout over French 
 UTENSILS: dressing made from the salt, pepper. 
 
 Stew Pan Potato Knife oil and vinegar. Set this in a cool 
 
 Salad Bowl ^^f^'"^ ^°'^' ^""^ place for one hour. Have the cucum- 
 
 ber pared and in ice water the same 
 
 length of time. Then cut it in dice and 
 
 add to the potatoes with the mayon- 
 
SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS. 
 
 65 
 
 naise. Sprinkle with parsley chopped very fine. Garnish also with parsley 
 or lettuce and beets cut in fancy shapes. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published "by Yawman & Erbe Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 5. THANKSGIVING SALAD. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Wh- ^^c^hh^ 1 ^^^^ ^"^ ^^^^ ^^^ '^'^'^^ cabbage, 
 
 Mayonnaise ^?r ■■" cut in quarters and slice very thin, 
 
 cooked salad Throw into ice water and let stand for 
 
 dressing two hours. Do the same with the 
 
 Sweet Green celery, adding a slice of lemon to each. 
 Celery^".^. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. There should' be one-half as much 
 Small Pickle-j' .. . .. 2 celery as cabbage. Trim and wash the 
 Olives ' 3 head of red cabbage and carefully re- 
 Parsley 1 Tablespoonful ^^^^ ^j^g center, turning the outside 
 
 '^^^ ^ espoon II leaves out and down in as graceful 
 
 UTENSILS: lines as possible. Chop that which was 
 
 Sharp Vegetable Mayonnaise Mixer taken from the center and put in ice 
 
 Knife Chopping Bowl and water. Make the mayonnaise either 
 
 Large Bowl Knife .^^jth oil or a cooked dressing, but 
 
 whichever is used, add to each pint a 
 
 teaspoonful of mustard. When ready 
 to use, drain and dry the cabbage and celery in a towel; shred the peppers 
 and mix white cabbage, celery and peppers well together with the mayonnaise 
 dressing. Have draining the red cabbage, shell and fill with this, mixture, 
 leaving a well large enough to hold the red cabbage, which is mixed with a 
 cup of the mayonnaise to which has been added the olives, pickles, parsley 
 and chives chopped fine. Fill the well with this red mixture and garnish 
 with spoonfuls topped with a whole caper. Set the whole on a plate covered 
 with a doily with hearts of lettuce to be used each serving, and send to the 
 table. 
 
 R«cipe 6. CHICKEN SALAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 One Chicken iVa Cups 
 
 Miyonnaise ■.:'.;;■.;! Sekct a good plump fowl, clean 
 
 Shelled Pecans % Cup and disjoint and put on to cook in boil- 
 
 Hard Boiled Eggs.. ing water; boil five minutes and then 
 
 Parsley or Celery simmer for two or three hours with 
 
 Salt'andPkprika"::: one bay leaf, a dozen cloves and a 
 
 small onion. Remove the skin and 
 UTENSILS: with the shears cut the meat in half- 
 
 Sharp Kitchen Sharp Knife jjjch cubes or pieces and an equal 
 
 Potato Ricer Salad Bowl ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ j^^^^^. ^^^.^^ 
 
 stood in ice water and then wiped dry. 
 Marinate with a French dressing (Re- 
 cipe 2, under Salads). Just before 
 
 3-« 
 
66 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 serving, .drain, mix well with mayonnaise dressing (Recipe 1, under Salads), 
 to which has been added one-third whipped cream. Now fold in the nuts 
 without breaking. Pile in a salad dish, garnish with the hard' boiled eggs 
 forced through the potato ricer, alternating with rows of white and yellow 
 of egg and capers, with here and there parsley or celery tips to finish the 
 garnish. Lettuce may be used but it gives a much stiffer appearance. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes, 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 7. SALAD A LA KIRK. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Cucumber 1 
 
 Tartar'sauce' :::::: % Cup ^^^^ ready one-half cup of stiff 
 
 Pimentos ' mayonnaise, with the add.'tion of four 
 
 Parsley olives, one tablespoonful of chopped 
 
 Capers parsley, one teaspoonful of capers, two 
 
 TTTTTMCTTc ^"^^'^ ghcrkius all chopped fine and 
 
 ^r . u, ^, a, -^ r ^'^^ °"e teaspoonful of grated onion 
 
 Vegetable Sheer Sharp Kmfe .^dded to the mayonnaise you will have 
 
 Tartar sauce. Peel and slice the cu- 
 cumber lengthwise and cut each half in 
 two, crosswise. Notch each end with the slicer and scoop out each center. 
 Lay on a leaf of watercress. 
 
 Fill with Tartar sauce and lay diagonal finely cut strips of the pimentos 
 across the top, placing between each strip at regular intervals a caper. H 
 the lettuce is used a touch of parsley at each end of the cucumber brin^x^ 
 out the necessary color. 
 
 Recipe 8. MAY SALAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Potatoes 1 Pint / 
 
 Fresh Shrimps 1 Pint Pare and cut in dice sufficient po- 
 
 Stock tatoes to make a good large pint and 
 
 Cucumber pour over sufficient boiling stock or 
 
 Hard Boiled Eggs . . consomme and cook until tender ; drain, 
 
 Mayonnaise marinate with French dressing and 
 
 Chopped Chives ... 1 Teaspoonful cool. Shell the shrimp and marinate 
 
 Lemon 1 in lemon juice for one hour. Unite 
 
 Parsley or Lettuce. the shrimps, after draining, with the 
 
 potatoes and mix well with the mayon- 
 naise. Heap in a mound on a glass 
 
 UTENSILS: ^^sh, mask with mayonnaise and chives 
 
 Stew Pan Lattice Vegetable sprinkled over the top. Garnish with 
 
 „ , CI- ^'^'^^^ °^ *"^ cucumber latticed, and 
 
 ^°'^^ ^'"'" fancy cuts of the hard boiled eggs, with 
 
 Measuring Cup Mayonnaise Mixer parsley arranged at either end in large 
 
 Tablespoon bunches. 
 
SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS. 
 
 67 
 
 Recipe 9. JUNE 13th SALAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Lemon Jelly 1 Pint 
 
 Strawberries 1 Quart Make the lemon jelly from any 
 
 Pineapple 1 Pint , . . , , , 
 
 Mayonnaise Vz Cup good recipe m yout cook book or 
 
 Whipped Cream ... Vz Cup from Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking 
 
 Lettuce _, . ° 
 
 . Kecipes. 
 
 UTENSILS: -yVet t^^ ^old in cold water and 
 
 Open Mold Lemon Squeezer b^ush very lightly with olive oil. Pour 
 
 Colander Measuring Cup .,,.,, , . , , . 
 
 Cream Whip in the lemon jelly and set m the refng- 
 
 erator to harden. Put the berries into 
 
 the colander, wash and drain thor- 
 oughly. Stem the berries and set in 
 a cold place. Shred a fresh pineapple, drain well and chill. Whip the cream 
 and mix carefully with the mayonnaise and then with a silver or wooden 
 fork unite with the berries and pineapple. Turn the mold of lemon jelly 
 onto a pretty dish, fill the center with the fruit mixture, garnish with the 
 lettuce and heap strawberries around with spoonfuls of whipped cream, or 
 cream mayonnaise. Serve at once. This may be served at the close of a 
 luncheon with very thin bread and butter. 
 
 Recipe 10. TOMATO JELLY. 
 
 Materials. Measure, DIRECTIONS 
 
 Granulated Gelatine Vs Box 
 
 Cold Water Vs Cup ^ ., , .. .,, i u- 
 
 Tomatoes y2 Can Cover the gelatme with a half 
 
 Celery 1 Stalk cup of cold water ; soak half an hour. 
 
 Omon ^^r.^.^. ...... . . 1 Slice Put into a Stew pan tomatoes, celery, 
 
 Salt 1 Teaspoonful bay leaves and onion. Bring to the 
 
 Lemon Juice 1 Tablespoonful i -i- • , i • ^t m^ 
 
 Tarragon Vinegar. . . 1 Tablespoonful boiling point and simmer gently fifteen 
 
 Paprika 1/2 Teaspoonful minutes. Add the gelatine and strain 
 
 Mayonnaise ....' ., , ^ . j_ • , ■ j_i • 
 
 through a fine sieve; put into this 
 
 UTENSILS: lemon juice, tarragon vinegar and pap- 
 
 Measuring Cup Stew Pan j-ika. Turn into a mold or molds and 
 
 Knife Lemon Squeezer , . , , i ' <- , 
 
 Teaspoon Tablespoon stand aside to harden. Serve on let- 
 
 tuce leaves with mayonnaise dressing. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfsr. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitcliell Kirk. 
 
68 THE PEOPT^E'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 11. TOMATO CROWN SALAD. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tomato Jelly (Re- - 
 
 Ce?My^°'* 1 Cu ^^^^ ^^^ tomato jelly recipe and 
 
 Apples ' . '. . . . ...... '. '. 1 Cup pour into an open mold. Turn out on 
 
 Lemon ! *. . , 1 a round glass salad plate and garnish 
 
 Cream Va Cup with the delicate green and white 
 
 Nufs"""^''^ ''^" ^"^ 1^3-^es of celery ._ Quarter, core and 
 
 Capers ............. P^^l apples sufficient when cut in dice 
 
 to make one cupful. Rub the quarters 
 UTENSILS: with sliced lemon to prevent discolora' 
 Measuring Cup Knife tion. Cut with shears the same amount 
 Glass Salad Plate Open Mold of tender white celery. Unite these 
 Silver Fork Shears ^^q .^^j^j^ one-half cup of mayonnaise 
 ^ (use lemon in making this) and one- 
 half cup of cream, measure before whip- 
 ping. Mix gently all together with a silver fork and pour into the center of 
 the jelly mold, heaping high, and garnish with nuts or capers. This is not 
 only a very attractive salad, but a delicious one as well, and particularly 
 suited for supper, luncheons and receptions. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 DESSERTS. 
 
 (Including Pies, Short Cakes, Tarts, Fruit Whips, Fruit Cups, Jellied 
 Fruits, Puddings, Ice Creams and Sherbets.) 
 
 " And if the dish contentment "brings. 
 You'll dine with me again." 
 
 (All measurements level. Flour sifted before measuring.) 
 
 In these days of correct and careful living the dessert is the smallest part 
 of the meal. It is the final sweet at either lunch or dinner. But the success or 
 failure of an entire dinner very largely rests upon the careful selection and 
 preparation of this last course. 
 
 Heavy desserts should be avoided when the meat course has been par^ 
 ticularly rich and heavy. Desserts should be planned that do not contain the 
 same elements as found in the meat. For instance, in a roast pork dinner do 
 not serve suet pudding, or in a boiled ham dinner do not serve mince pie, or 
 in a roast beef dinner do not serve a custard rich in eggs, as in all of these 
 your dinner will be unbalanced. Substitute the light whipped cream desserts, 
 fruits or cheese and wafers. 
 
 With a vegetable dinner serve desserts rich in milk and eggs. It may 
 all be summed up in a few words. A dessert must harmonize with the dinner. 
 It is the beginning and the end which we remember and the dessert should be 
 in perfect keeping with the food which has preceded it at the meal. Iced 
 
DESSERTS. 69 
 
 watermelon and very cold desserts should be indulged in very sparingly by 
 most people when they follow a hearty dinner. Nothing, however, shows the 
 extreme dainty cooking and thought as does the dessert. This is often pre- 
 pared by the housekeeper's own hands and everyone is eager for new ways of 
 preparing attractive and delicious dishes. 
 
 Many desserts may be made in the morning and set in a cool place and are 
 ready for use when desired. Desserts to be moulded should receive careful 
 attention to have perfect success. Wet the mold in cold water before using 
 and when ready to remove, dip for an instant into hot water. Lay the dish 
 you wish to serve it on over the mold, invert, and it will come out more easily 
 than by wiping with a warm cloth as the heat is uniform on the mold and 
 leaves no chance for it to stick. 
 
 Frozen desserts are very satisfactory when made at home and the grow- 
 ing popularity for many frozen desserts is due largely to the simplicity of the 
 present make of ice cream freezers. 
 
 There are large ones and small ones and those specially nice for flat or 
 small family use where the freezer can be set in the kitchen sink. Use an ice 
 chipper and shave the ice into a pail, using one-third coarse rock salt and two- 
 thirds ice and mix well together. Have the freezer can perfectly clean and 
 cold. Put the cream mixture into it, adjust all the other parts and pack closely 
 the ice and salt mixture around the can and over the top. Turn the crank 
 steadily, but not too fast, until it is frozen to the desired consistency. Wipe 
 the top of the can to prevent any salty water from getting into it. Remove 
 the dasher, scrape off all the cream quickly, pack down evenly and re-cover, 
 using a clean piece of muslin for this and a cork to put into the cover. 
 
 Pour off the water from the melted ice and re-pack with ice clear over the 
 very top; cover with paper, burlap or carpet and stand aside two hou,rs to 
 ripen. The best ice creams are made only from a good quality of cream. 
 Scald half of the cream with the sugar, cool and add the flavoring and the re- 
 maining cream and freeze. If fruits are to be used, mash and add after the 
 cream is frozen. 
 
 Ices of all kinds should be frozen slowly. In making sherbets turn the 
 freezer very rapidly and a meringue of the white of one egg and one table- 
 spoonful of sugar may be added after it is frozen. 
 
 Recipe 1. PLAIN PASTRY. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Pastry Flour 2 Cups 
 
 Lard % Cup Have all materials cold, including 
 
 SaT". :: ::::::::;: : % TeaspoonM the bowl in which the pastry is to be 
 
 Sugar 1 Teaspoonful mixed. Measure the dry mgredients 
 
 Cold Water into the flour sifter and sift into the 
 
 bowl. Measure the shortening and 
 
 UTENSILS: with the pastry cutter or knife cut 
 
 Pastry Board Rolling Pin this well into the flour. Do not put 
 
 Flour Sifter Measuring Cup ^jje hands into it, as the main thing in 
 
 Sy Cutter or Knif/""""^ ''°°° Pastry .is to keep it cold and it is the 
 
 expansion of this cold air in the oven 
 when baking that makes the pastry 
 
 light and flaky. Add cold water a 
 
70 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 little at a time and as mixed push to one side; add more and do the same, 
 until water has been added sufficient to take up the dryness and no more. 
 Now bring all together in one mass, cover and set in a cold place two or 
 three hours, if possible, as the crust is then much easier to handle and more 
 flaky when baked. This recipe, will answer for all pies. 
 
 Recipe 2. RHUBARB PIE. 
 
 (Also Fresh Fruit Pies.) 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Rhubarb 3 Cups 
 
 l,"^^*" • ^ ^"P Select fresh, young rhubarb and do 
 
 Flour .!.!!!.!'. !!!!! l TaWespoonful 1°* P^^' '^ b"* wash and cut in small 
 
 Lemon juice 1 Tablespoonful pieces. Mix flour and sugar well to- 
 
 Butter 1 Teaspoonful gether, then the egg, lemon juice and 
 
 the given amount of rhubarb. Have 
 
 UTENSILS: pastry made the day previous, roll and 
 
 Measuring Cup Pastry Board cover the pie pan. Pour in the rhu- 
 
 Rolling Pin Tab^roon ^^^^ mixture, .break the butter in bits 
 
 ^easpoon, ptrfo?at°ed"pie Tin over this; roll the upper crust; brush 
 
 the lower edge with cold water, put 
 on the cover, press the edges together 
 
 and then loosen both from the edge of 
 the pan. Then with the expansion in the baking the edges stay together 
 and no juices are lost. Brush over with cream and bake in a quick oven 
 35 minutes. 
 
 Cherry, currant and other fresh fruit pies may be made in this way. 
 
 Recipe 3. CUSTARD PIE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Milk 2 Cups 
 
 Eggs 3 Break the eggs into the bowl and 
 
 Sugar 4 Tablespoonfuls beat without separating until light, 
 
 Salt 1 Pinch gradually adding the sugar then the 
 
 Nutmeg milk. Have the pastry on the pie pan 
 
 and pour in the custard; grate some 
 
 ^^„_^„., „ nutmeg over the top and bake in a 
 
 UifiNbii.&: moderate oven about 25 minutes. Try 
 
 Egg Beater Measuring Cup in the center with a teaspoon handle; 
 
 Tablespoon Bowl if it comes out dry it is done. If it 
 
 p;g p^u bakes too long or too fast it will be 
 
 watery. 
 
DESSERTS. 
 
 71 
 
 Recipe 4. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Hot Water 1 Cup 
 
 Bread Crumbs, 
 
 white and fine , V2 Cup 
 
 Sugar Vz Cup 
 
 Juice and Grated 
 
 Rind of Lemon . . 1 
 
 Eggs 2 
 
 Salt Pinch 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 LEMON PIE. 
 
 Egg Beater 
 
 Spoon 
 
 Perforated Pie Pan 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 Bowl 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Pour the hot water over the bread 
 crumbs, add the salt, sugar, lemon, and 
 yolks well beaten. Pour into pie crust 
 and bake in not too hot an oven until 
 done. Beat whites stiff and add two 
 tablespoonfuls sugar and when the pie 
 is cool pipe roughly over the top and 
 brown in a cool oven, or the whites 
 may be well beaten and mixed with 
 the other ingredients and baked. 
 
 Recipe 5. LEMON JELLY. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Gran. Gelatine 1 Box 
 
 Large Lemons •••.3 Cover the gelatine with the cold 
 
 Boiling Water 1 Quart *= , , , 
 
 Cold Water 1 Pint water and when soft add the sugar, 
 
 S"sar 1 Cup boiling water and the grated rind and 
 
 UTENSILS: juice of the lemons. Let stand until 
 
 Two Bowls Lemon Squeezer cool and strain through a double cheese 
 
 Cheese Cloth Mold cloth bag and turn into a mold. Serve 
 
 Grater ,..,,., 
 
 plam, or with whipped cream and 
 
 ' ' strawberries, bananas or other fresh 
 
 fruit mixed carefully with the cream. 
 
 A bunch of grapes and other fruits 
 
 molded in the jelly, dates, figs (chopped) or nuts of all kinds, may be 
 
 added to vary the dessert. Orange baskets partly filled with lemon jelly 
 
 and set aside to harden and the remaining half of the jelly colored with a 
 
 little fruit coloring molded and cut in cubes; again, make the lemon jelly 
 
 and flavor a little of it with orange extract and color a delicate orange with 
 
 fruit coloring. Select a fancy open mold and pour the orange jelly into the 
 
 lower, fancy raised portion. Let set and add the remaining jelly. Turn out 
 
 and fill the center with sliced oranges and cocoanut. Garnish the edge with 
 
 sections of oranges and a spoonful of whipped cream and fruit over the top 
 
 makes a desirable change. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
•^3 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 6. STRAWBERRY SHORTCAKE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Pastry Flour 3 Cups 
 
 l"!^"" •■•• I Tablespoonfuls jytj^ the dry ingredients and sift 
 
 Butter ............] % Cup ^°^^ °'' ^^^ times, then work in the 
 
 Baking Powder .... 4 Teaspoonfuls shortening with the mixing fork. Beat 
 
 Salt V2 Teaspoonful the egg well and sufficient milk to 
 
 ^^^l^^g % Cup jna]jg tj^g dough so that it can be 
 
 "^^^ lightly rolled on the board. Put in 
 
 UTENSILS: round buttered tins and shape to fit 
 
 Bowl Measuring Cup the pan. Bake in a hot oven. Split 
 
 Teaspoon Bread Board the cake and cover with strawberries, 
 
 Mixing Fork or Rolling Pin which have been well covered with 
 
 Pastry Cutter powdered sugar, standing in a warm 
 
 place. Use the pastry bag and tube 
 
 for arranging the whipped cream over 
 
 the top. A large biscuit cutter may be used and made into indivMual short 
 cakes which are more easily served. 
 
 Recipe 7. FRUIT WHIPS 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Raspberries 1% Cups 
 
 Powdered Sugar . . . 1% Cups 
 
 WTiite of Egg 1 
 
 Lemon Juice 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Whip Churn Tablespoon 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 ated fruits and i^ a delicious dessert 
 serve generously six or eight people? 
 
 Put all of the ingredients into the 
 whip churn at once. Cover and whip 
 until stiff enough to stand alone, which 
 will take from ten to twenty minutes. 
 The colder everything is the less time 
 it will take to whip. This recipe will 
 answer for strawberries, prunes, 
 peaches or any of the cooked evapor- 
 alone or over sponge cake. This will 
 
 Recipe 8. MARSHMALLOW PUDDING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Whites of Eggs ... 4 
 
 Gelatine 1 Tablespoonful -d ^ ^.i. i.-^ ^ ^-n- r . 
 
 Gran. Sugar 1 Cup J°eat the whites to a stilt froth. 
 
 Vanilla 1 Teaspoonful Soften the gelatine in a very little cold 
 
 Marshmallows water, to cover, and add one-half cup 
 
 Colo""gs of boiling _ water. Add this to the 
 
 UTENSILS: beaten whites stirring constantly and 
 
 Egg Beater Bowl theti the sugar a little at a time. Flavor. 
 
 Measuring Cup Vegetable Knife Divide this into three parts, color a 
 
 Mold or Baking Pan very delicate pink, a pale green and 
 
 leave the other white. Place a piece of 
 
 oiled paper in the bottom of the mold, 
 arrange a few sliced marischino cherries on this, carefully turn in the vvhite 
 mixture, sprinkle over this chopped pecan nuts and sliced cherries. Then 
 the pink layer with sprinkling of nuts and cherries and last the green mix- 
 
DESSERTS. 
 
 7S 
 
 ture. Set in a cold place to get very cold. Turn out on a dish, garnish with 
 raarshmallows, cherries and whipped cream. These may be made in in- 
 dividual molds and small cups will answer very well for these molds. 
 
 Recipe 9. RICE PUDDING 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Milk 1 Quart 
 
 Rice % Cup 
 
 Salt V2 Teaspoonful 
 
 Sugar % Cup 
 
 Cinnamon or Nut- 
 meg flavoring .... 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Measuring Cup Double Boiler 
 
 Measuring Spoon Tablespoon 
 Pudding Dish 
 
 All measurements level unless 
 
 Wash the rice in several waters. 
 Heat the milk and sugar in a double 
 boiler, stirring until the sugar is dis- 
 solved. Add all the remaining ingred- 
 ients and stir three or four times for 
 half an hour. Now turn into the but- 
 tered pudding dish and bake in a very 
 slow oven three hours. Raisins, dates 
 or figs may be added if desired. This 
 pudding should not be dry but be of a 
 creamy consistency, 
 otherwise stated. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfif. Co.. Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 10. PLUM PUDDiNG. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Seeded Raisins .... % lb. 
 
 English Currants... % lb. (^'hop half the raisins and add to 
 
 Blanched Almonds.. % lb. them the currants, chopped walnuts 
 
 Candied Lemon Pee Vi b. and almonds, citron, orange and lemon 
 
 Candied Orange Peel % b. pgd shredded fine. Now add all the 
 
 Candied Citron .... % lb. remaining ingredients except eggs and 
 
 Walnut Meats % b. cream and mix well together. Cover 
 
 ^Vf ;■■■■■;■■■■■•;• J; !r closely and let stand several days, at 
 
 Sifted Bread Crumbs ya lb. least 24 hours. Add the beaten eggs 
 
 Gran. Sugar 1 Cup ^nd cream and pack in well-buttered 
 
 Cream (scant) V2 Cup ^oidg^ cover ' tightly and steam six 
 
 ■^Sgs 4 hours. Put away in a cool, dry place 
 
 Cinnamon 1 Teaspoonful ^^^ ^^^^^ ready to use steam at least 
 
 Salt /2 Teaspoonful two hours, and longer will do no harm. 
 
 C'ov" '^ Teaspoonful ggi-ve with hard sauce or ice cream. 
 
 Nutmeg jjj blanching the almonds either 
 
 Brandy 1 Wine-glass ^^^j. ^old water over them for several 
 
 Fruit Jmce or Wine 1 Wine-glass jjo^rs to remove the skins or put over 
 
 UTENSILS: the fire with cold water, bring just 
 
 E^« B^tT" MoTd? ^°'^' *° *^^ ''""'"^ P°'"*' remove the skins 
 
 Tfaspoon Measuring Cup 3"^ dry the almonds off quickly in the 
 
 Scales Steamer oven. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfir. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 5. Copyright, 1909, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
74 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 11. MINCE MEAT, 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. 
 
 Lean Boiled Beef... 3 lbs. 
 
 Suet 1% lbs. 
 
 Chopped Apple^ ... 3 Quarts DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Stoned Raisins 1 Quart 
 
 CitrotT ^. .!!.!!'.!..' ! "^^ % lb. Chop the meat and suet fine and 
 
 M9lasses 1 Cup shred the citron. Mix all the dry in- 
 
 Juice of Le^mon" '.'.'. I gredients together, then the liquids (ex- 
 Grated rind of one cept the sherry and the brandy). Mix 
 Nutmeg ........... 1 all well together and bring slowly to 
 
 Powdered Mace .... 1 Teaspoonful the boiling point; bdil five minutes. 
 
 Salt 1 Tablespoonful _, . j. .. V j jj t. 
 
 Brown Sugar 3 Cups or iVs Pints Remove from the fire and add sherry 
 
 Cider 2 Cups and brandy (if you use it) and seal in 
 
 Sherry 1 Cup . ."' ^./ 
 
 Brandy as desired or jars. This will make seven quart jars 
 
 Sweet Pickle and cost about one dollar and a quarter. 
 
 UTENSILS: -^'l measurements level unless 
 
 Measuring Cup Scales otherwise stated. 
 
 Grater Lemon Squeezer 
 
 Sharp Knife Measuring Spoons 
 
 Jars ' Kettle 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe MfK. Co.. Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 12. PUMPKIN PIE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Pumpkin 
 
 Rich Milk 1% Cups Cut up the pumpkin without peel- 
 Salt^*?..!!..!.!!.!". 1 ^ Teaspoonful ^^S and put into the colander; cover 
 
 Butter".!!!!!!!! l Teaspoonful and place in the steam cooker and 
 
 Cinnamon 1 Teaspoonful steam until tender. Put through the 
 
 Molfsses •!!!!!!!!!!! TaK'o'nM '^^^^^f'^' "^'"^^ ^he wOoden masher, 
 
 Sugar % Cup and for every two and one-half cups 
 
 Eggs 2 . of pulp use the above proportions, beat- 
 Pastry for 3 pies . . . ing the eggs and melting the butter. 
 „„-. Line the pie pans with good pastry. 
 
 Colfnde^r°"' MeTuring Cup ^'°^-^, "f^l the white of the egg has 
 
 Measuring Spoon Two Pie Pans covered the pastry. Pour the egg into 
 
 Board, Rolling Pin Flour Sifter the other pan and repeat. The egg 
 
 Pastry Cutter Potato Masher may be used in this way and also 
 
 used for the filling. Now fill full with 
 
 the pumpkin' mixture and bake in a 
 moderate oven forty-five minutes or until done. Spoonfuls of whipped cream 
 
DESSERTS. 
 
 75 
 
 piped around just inside the crust and in the center, adds both to the looks 
 and to the taste. 
 
 Cranberry jelly is fine poured over the top. 
 
 Recipe 13. VANILLA ICE CREAM. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS, 
 
 Cream 1 Quart 
 
 Gran. Sugar 1 Cup Pour half the cream and all of the 
 
 Vanilla 2 Teapsoonfuls . ,,,,,., , , 
 
 sugar into the double boiler and place 
 
 over the fire, stir only until the sugar 
 UTENSILS: jg dissolved and the cream hot. Cool 
 
 DoubleToUer"" ^°Cheese Cloth °^ ^"^ ^^^ *^^ remaining cream and flav- 
 Measuririg Cup Ice Chipper oring and it is ready to freeze. In 
 
 Measuring Spoon ^j^^ meantime see that the ice cream 
 
 . freezer is perfectly clean, parts all 
 
 together and ready for use. Place the 
 dasher in the center of the can and pour 
 in the prepared cream mixture. Do this always, except in fruit mixtures; 
 they should never go in until the cream is almost frozen hard. Replace 
 the can top and gear frame; then fill the space around the can in the 
 tub with shaved ice and salt, one-third rock salt and two-thirds ice, which 
 have been well mixed together and not put around in layers as it is often 
 done. Pile clear up over the top and turn, not too rapidly but steadily until 
 the mixture begins to freeze, keeping the motion steady and even. When 
 frozen reAiove the dasher, put on the cover with the cork and cheese cloth 
 inserted. Drain, repack with shaved ice very full, cover /with heavy paper 
 or burlap and let ripen for two hours. To make strawberry ice cream add 
 another cup of sugar, quart of berries pressed through the colander and add 
 as directed above. 
 
 Recipe 14. MAPLE ICE CREAM. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Eggs 2 
 
 Maple "syrup % Cup ^r^L^^'Z°'Sf °l *^ ^^F ""*" 
 
 / ' '^ 1/ r- "^^""y ^^S^^'' ^^^ t^^ ^°* maple syrup 
 
 ^'•'^ '^ ^^P and the milk, stir and cook over the 
 
 Cream 1V2 Cups j,ot water until the mixture thickens. 
 
 Then pour over the stiffly beaten 
 
 whites of the eggs and cool. When 
 
 UTENSILS: cold add the cream, pour into a freezer 
 
 Ice Cream Freezer Wooden Spoon and freeze. A cup of English walnuts 
 
 Measuring Cup Egg Beater or pecans broken fine are a nice change. 
 
76 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 15. LEMON CREAM SHERBET. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRKCTIONS. 
 
 Sugar 1% Cups 
 
 Lemons 3 Put the milk and sugar i into the 
 
 jjjillj 3 (-ypg double boiler and stir until the sugar 
 
 „ is dissolved and heated. Cool and add 
 
 '-''^^'" ^ "-"P^ the cream and gradually the lemon 
 
 Whites of Eggs — a juice. Turn into the freezer and freeze, 
 
 Pul. Sugar 2 Tablespoonfuls turning slowly to have it fine grained. 
 
 Beat the whites of the eggs until stiff, 
 
 adding sugar. Pour this into the 
 
 UTENSILS: freezer, turn the dasher rapidly for a 
 
 Tablespoon . Spatula few minutes, re-pack and set aside to 
 
 Double Boiler Measuring Spoon ripen. 
 
 Recipe 16. 
 
 MAPLE MOUSSE. 
 
 Materials. Measure, 
 
 Hot Maple Syrup... 1 Cup 
 
 Double Cream 1 Pint 
 
 Eggs 4 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Double Boiler 
 Egg Beater 
 Mold 
 Pail 
 
 Salt 
 
 Bowl 
 
 Cream Whip 
 Ice Chipper 
 Ice 
 
 Heat the syrup in the double boiler. 
 Beat the eggs until well mixed and 
 slowly pour the hot syrup over them. 
 Put back over the fire into the double 
 boiler and cook until the mixture thick- 
 ens, stirring carefully. Cool and add 
 the cream which has been beaten stiff, 
 fold this in gently but thoroughly. 
 Pour this into a mold and pack as pre- 
 viously directed, in ice and salt, being 
 sure to bind the cover with a strip of muslin dipped in butter or paraffine. 
 Let stand three hours. Pineapple, oranges, raspberries, strawberries, coffee 
 and chocolate all may be used in making these delicious parfaits or mousse, 
 using a tablespoon of gelatine to a quart of cream and pulp from a box of 
 berries. 
 
 All measurements level unless otherwise stated. •" 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfpr. Co., "Rochester, N, Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 2. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 17. 
 
 BAKED PEACHES AND PEARS. 
 
 Baked peaches are excellent either for breakfast or as a dessert at lunch 
 or dinner. Select good sized freestones, pare, cut them in halves and remove 
 the stones. Place a single layer in a baking dish, hollow side uppermost. Into 
 each half put half a teaspoon of butter and the same amount of sugar, or a 
 little more, if the family like sweets. Sprinkle nutmeg generously over the 
 whole, and bake twenty to thirty minutes ; when soft the peaches are done. 
 Serve hot. 
 
DESSERTS. 
 
 77 
 
 Recipe 18. PEACH TART. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Heavy Cream 1 Pint 
 
 Sugar % Cup Bake a sponge cake in a round or 
 
 Vanilla 1 Teaspoonful square pan. Remove the center of the 
 
 Lemon Juice 1 Tablespoonful cake, leaving a rim about an inch wide 
 
 Peaches and also a wall and bottom about an 
 
 / inch thick. Whip the cream, sugar 
 
 UTENSILS: and flavoring until stiflf and soHd. 
 
 Whip Churn Cake Pan Fill the cake and set in a cool place. 
 
 Sharp Knife When ready to serve garnish with 
 
 sliced peaches and finely chopped pis- 
 tachio nuts. 
 
 Recipe 19. GRAHAM PUDDING. 
 
 Graham^Flour 1% Cupr DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Porto Rico Molasses % Cup 
 
 Milk ^ Cup Soften the butter but do not melt. 
 
 £g„" !!!!!!! 1 Beat until creamy and add molasses, 
 
 Soda Vz Teaspoonful milk, well-beaten tgg and all dry in- 
 Seeded "Raisins ".'.'.'. 1^ TiaspCCnful gredients well mixed and sifted and the 
 Cinnamon % Teaspoonful raisins cut in two. Turn into a well- 
 Cloves % Teaspoonful u ^^ j u j ^ 
 
 UTENSILS: buttered mold, cover and steam two 
 
 Measuring Cup Measuring Spoon and one-half hours. 
 Egg Beater Bovi^ls „ t, 4. vu i 
 
 Steamer Serve hot with lemon sauce. 
 
 Recipe 20. MARLBORO TARTS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tart Apples 6 
 
 ?i'^^'^,--T; i4 S"P Quarter and stew the apples, put 
 
 fui«'and""Rind-of- ^ "^"^ through the sieve and. to each cupful 
 
 Lemon of this pulp use the proportions given 
 
 Milk % Cup of all seasoning. Beat the whites of 
 
 Eg&s 2 tjjg gggg stjjf and add at the last mo- 
 Nutmeg ment. Have a pie pan lined with paste 
 
 . UTENSILS: and fillthis with the apple mixture. 
 
 Measurmg Cup Sieve^ ^^^^^^^^ g^^^ j^ moderately quick oven about 
 
 Pie Pan twenty-five minutes. 
 
78 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 21, LEMON CHEESfi CAKES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Cottage Cheese 1% Cups 
 
 Sugar % Cup Press the cheese through the po- 
 
 Grird Rind "and" Tablespoonfuls ^ato ricer. Add all the ingredients to 
 
 Juice of Lemon... 1 . it, with the eggs beaten very light. 
 
 Eggs 3 Mix thoroughly and line patty pans 
 
 ^"citron ^""^ ^^''^^** V Cu "^^^^ '"''^^ pastry and fill with the mix- 
 
 VaniHa". !.■■.'. ;;■..".■.; 1 ^ Teaspoonful t^^e. Bake about 15 minutes or until 
 
 UTENSILS' ^^^ pastry is well baked and the mix- 
 
 T, ^ , n- -Mt ' ■ r- ture is thickened. Or the fruit may be 
 
 Potato Ricer Measuring Cup ... , , .i ... t ■' •,, 
 
 Tablespoon Teaspoon omitted and the patties covered with 
 
 Lemon Squeezer Bar de Due currants. 
 
 Recipe 22. PUMPKIN PIE. 
 
 Pumpk^^^'^r'.^- m CupT" DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Sugar % Cup ^ , , 
 
 Cinnamon 1 Teaspoonful Cook the pumpkin until dry and 
 
 sil?.". . : : : ; : ; : : : : : : S Tefs^oonl "1 P"* trough a coarse sieve. Then add 
 Eggs 8 the ingredients in the order given, beat- 
 Cream' ■:::::::::::: 'i Cup' ^"^ ^e eggs and adding last. Line a 
 Plain Paste deep pie pan with good rich paste and 
 
 ^ -., , UTENSILS: _ fill -with the pumpkin and bake in rather 
 
 Pastry Board Measuring Cup , ^ iiir ., , r 
 
 Rolling Pin Egg Beater hot oven. Wrap the edge of pastry 
 
 5^"'® c Measuring Spoon ^jth wet cloth to keep from burning 
 
 Coarse Sieve Mixing Bowl , , ^ ° 
 
 Pie Pan the edges 
 
 Recipe 23. APPLE RICE PUDDING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Rice Va Cup 
 
 Sugar V2 Cup^ Wash the rice well and add slowly 
 
 Eggs .............. 3 ^^^ *° °"^ quart of boiling water and boil 
 
 Vanilla"!.!!.. !!!'.! Vz Teaspoonfuf hard for fifteen minutes. Drain and 
 
 Tart Apples 6 blanch with cold water. Mix the milk, 
 
 J^'^y sugar and beaten yolks with flavoring. 
 
 Wipe the apples and core, being care- 
 
 UTENSILS: , ful not to go clear through. Arrange 
 
 Apple Corer Baking Pan in a slightly buttered baking dish and 
 
 Measuring Cup Teaspoon pour the rice mixture all around the 
 
 Sauce Pan Egg Beater apples. Bake until the pudding is set 
 
 and the apples are done in not too hot 
 an oven. When cold fill the apples 
 with jelly and the whites whipped stiff with three tablespoonfuls of sugar 
 beaten with them and piled over the top. Serve with cream. 
 
DESSERTS. 
 
 79 
 
 Recipe 24. APPLE TAPIOCA. 
 
 Materials. ' Measure, DIRECTIONS 
 
 Instantaneous Tap- 
 
 „'°?^ ■■■'! „ ^ r- ^ Measure the tapioca and put into 
 
 Boiling Water 3 Cups ^i u i -^1. cc ■ ,. u ^ 
 
 gjj ■ y Q the bowl with sufficient cold water to 
 
 Lemon Tuice ^ cover ; it will soften in a minute. Put 
 
 Salt .'::■.::■. ^TeaspoonM , ^^^o the double boiler add boiling 
 
 e A , , water and salt, stir and cook until 
 
 Sour Apples 5 , ^ J ,, , ,, 
 
 >, clear. Core and pare the apples, roll- 
 
 ing them in lemon juice. Set them in 
 a buttered baking dish, fill the centers 
 UTENSILS- with sugar, a small piece of butter and 
 
 a little nutmeg. Pour the tapioca over 
 Bowl Double BoUer the whole and bake in a moderate oven 
 
 Apple Corer Baking Dish until the apples are tender. Serve with 
 
 Vegetable Knife Wooden Spoon sugar and cream. 
 
 Recipe 25. 
 
 PRUNE FLUFF. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. 
 
 Large Prunes % lb. 
 
 Whites of Eggs. ... 4 
 
 Powdered Sugar ... % Cup 
 
 Lemon Juice 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Double Boiler Bowl 
 
 Whip Chiirn or Colander 
 
 Egg Beater 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Wash and soak the prunes over 
 night in cold water. The next morn- 
 ing put them into the double boiler 
 over the fire and cook very slowly. 
 When done remove the prunes and 
 boil the juice down to one-half cupful. 
 Pit the prunes, add the juice and rub all 
 
 . through a colander. Have the whip 
 
 churn on ice and the eggs cold. Put 
 all the ingredients into the churn and whip until stiff; this will take from 
 ten to twenty minutes. Serve very cold in tall glasses. Half apricots and 
 half prunes give a nice flavored dessert. Serve sponge cake with this. 
 
 Recipe 26. 
 
 APPLE OR FRUIT CUPS. 
 
 Sift together one pint of flour, a half teaspoonful of salt, two tablespoon- 
 fuls of sugar and one teaspoonful of baking powder. Beat one egg, add four 
 tablespponfuls of milk and stir into the dry mixture, adding more milk as 
 necessary to make a thick batter. Add two tablespoonfuls of melted butter 
 and beat hard. Butter some baking cups and put in each a spoonful of the 
 batter. Add a quarter of a tart apple, and more batter to cover and two- 
 thirds fill the cup. Steam or bake and serve with a hard sauce. Any kind of 
 fresh fruit may be used instead of the apple. 
 
f*« THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 27. FIG PUDDING. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. 
 
 Figs Va lb. 
 
 White Grated Bread 
 
 Crumbs 1 Cup 
 
 Brown Sugar 1 Cup 
 
 Chopped Suet 1 Cup 
 
 Milk 1 Cup 
 
 Cinnamon 1 Teaspoonful 
 
 Cloves Vi Teaspoonful 
 
 Salt Vi Teaspoonful 
 
 Well-Beaten Eggs.. 3 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Steamer Food Chopper 
 
 Grater Egg Beater 
 
 Measuring Cup Mold or Pan 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Put the figs and suet through the 
 food chopper and grate the white part 
 of a stale loaf of bread until you have 
 the given amount. Mix all the ingred- 
 ients with these, the well-beaten eggs 
 last. Mix well and pour into a well- 
 buttered mold or pan and steam for 
 three hours. Serve hot with lemon 
 sauce. 
 
 Recipe 28. 
 
 JELLIED APRICOTS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. 
 
 Evaporated Apricots Vs lb. 
 
 Gran. Sugar % Teaspoonful 
 
 Cream 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Bowl Double Boiler 
 
 Measuring Cup Individual Molds 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Wash the apricots and soak over 
 night in cold water. The next morning;i 
 turn them into the double boiler and 
 cook over a very slow fire until quite 
 tender but so they will keep their 
 shape. Measure the syrup and for each 
 . cupful use the given amount of gela- 
 tine softened in a little cold water. Re- 
 heat the syrup, add the gelatine and stir until dissolved. Wet the molds, 
 put an apricot in the bottom of each one and pour over the syrup. Set 
 in a cold place to harden. Turn out and serve with cream. Any evaporated 
 fruit will answer for this recipe. 
 
 BEVERAGES. 
 
 (Including Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, Cocoa, Lemonades, Ginger Ale, Fruit 
 Syrups, Punch and Home-Made Wines.) 
 
 " Simple living and high thinking have the approval of learned men and women." 
 
 Tea, coffee, chocolate or cocoa are the beverages most indulged in, in the 
 average home, but a few additions have been made under this heading. Water 
 is presumably the true beverage ; but with all the numerous " Waters " to 
 drink, one is not quite sure whether they have the right one, and if they have 
 one are not quite sure but they should have chosen the other. But good 
 
BEVERAGES. 81 
 
 water we must drink, and plenty of it, if we wish to keep in a good healthy 
 condition. 
 
 Tea and coffee should be taken in moderation and coffee must always 
 be of the best, and made most carefully. Never allow the coffee to be pul- 
 verized as that means " burnt " (through grinding) coffee, but finely ground, 
 and for large quantities one-half pound to four quarts of water. . 
 
 A cup of chocolate or cocoa well made is a wholesome food. Always 
 make in a double boiler, and it requires cooking. Not actively boiling, but 
 with the steady water heat underneath ^ould be cooked sufficiently to take 
 away that " raw taste " so often found in a cup of chocolate in public places. 
 
 Tea is usually poor, not only on account of the indifference with which 
 people usually buy this article, but the greater indifference with which it is 
 made. As with coffee, the water should be freshly boiled and when possible 
 use a tea ball or strainer; then by dipping up and down you can have just the 
 desired strength. But this is not always convenient, so use a hot earthen pot 
 and boiling water, let stand two or three minutes and with a good tea the in- 
 fusion is delicate and not unwholesome when taken in moderation. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mffr. Co., Rochester, N. Y, 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 1. HOW TO MAKE COFFEE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Coffee 4 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 White of^ Egg 1 Tablespoonful A great deal both of interest and i.n- 
 
 Boiling Water ... .. 3 * Cups formation might be written about cof- 
 
 fee, but it is not wise to take it up here. 
 UTENSILS- Always buy the best coffee that can 
 
 ,,_,„* be bought, and that does not always 
 
 ffieyo"or^'^' ''^fesulg Cup • -ean the highest priced. Inform your- 
 
 self so as to know good coffee. Do not 
 
 always blame the grocer if your coffee 
 
 is poor; sometimes the poor coffee is 
 the result of a not perfectly clean coffee pot. Once a week put a teaspoon- 
 ful of baking soda into the pot, partly fill it with water and boil for at least 
 ten minutes. Then wash thoroughly and you will find it sweet and clean. 
 So there are three necessaries for good coffee, first an enamel or granite pot 
 kept perfectly clean, or buy a cheaper coffee pot (not tin, however) and have 
 a new one oftener. Second, a good blending of the best Mocha and Java 
 coffee ; and third, freshly boiled water. Scald the pot, grind the coffee about 
 as fine as coarse granulated sugar. Beat the egg in the cold water, add the 
 coffee and mix well. Pour into the coffee pot and add one cup of boiling 
 water and bring quickly to the boiling point. Now this must be done always, 
 or the coffee is ruined. Set back on the stove where it will keep hot, but not 
 boiling, and add the remaining two cups of boiling water. Let stand two or 
 three minutes, settle with a very little cold water and serve at once. 
 
 3— « 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
83 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 2. 
 
 DRIP COFFEE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Coffee 2 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Boiling Water 4 Cups 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Drip Coffee Pot Tablespoon 
 Measuring Cup 
 
 There are so many percolators on 
 the market that one is at a loss to 
 know which one to choose. Select one 
 with as few separate parts as possible, 
 
 and easy to keep clean. It, is not wise 
 
 to choose those having washable bags. 
 When you have wisely made your se- 
 lection, do not take it home and set it on the shelf, but use it, as coffee made 
 in this manner is for most people perfectly harmless. Put the freshly boiled 
 water into the lower part of the coffee pot, and the coffee ground as 
 fine as it can be ground without pulverizing it, into the upper section. Put 
 on the cover and place over the fire. In from five to eight minutes you will 
 have a most delicious coffee. Tea can be made in the same manner. These 
 drip coffee pots or percolators can be purchased to have the coffee made in 
 the kitchen or with alcohol lamps for table use. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 3. CHOCOLATE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Chocolate 3 oz. 
 
 mik^.T!".:'::::::'.: I pint ^^^ *e chocolate into the double 
 
 Sugar 3 Tablespoonfuls boiler and add the hot water, stirring 
 
 Vanilla 1 Teaspoonful ^^^^jj dissolved and hot. Then add the 
 
 ^ gjj. g. milk which has been heated, beat well 
 
 Double Boiler Measuring Cup ""til the water boils well underneath. 
 
 Teaspoon Tablespoon Add the sugar and beat again. Re- 
 
 Egg Beater move from the fire, flavor, and serve in 
 
 : heated cups with whipped cream. Be 
 
 sure the chocolate is cooked and does 
 
 not have a raw taste as this is ruinous 
 
 to good chocolate. Iced cocoa is very nice. Prepare the cocoa a little 
 
 stronger than usual and when cool put it on the ice and chill. Serve with 
 
 shaved ice and whipped cream. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe M%. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
BEVERAGES. 83 
 
 Reeipe 4. COCOA. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Cocoa 4 Teaspoonfuls 
 
 Sugar 6 Teaspoonfuls Mix the cocoa and sugar well to- 
 Boiling Water % Pint gether in the double boiler, and add 
 
 Milk 1% Pints the boiling water, stirring all the time 
 
 Pinch of Salt until it reaches the boiling point. Add 
 
 Vanilla 1 Teaspoonful the milk and stir constantly until very- 
 hot; now whip with a Dover egg 
 
 UTENSILS: beater until light and frothy. Cover 
 
 Measuring Cup Double Boiler for five minutes. Flavor and serve 
 
 Teaspoon Egg Beater plain or with whipped cream. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rocliester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 5. GINGER ALE. 
 
 Ginger ale is the foundation of many agreeable drinks and fiuit punches, 
 since almost all fruits and flavors seem to harmonize well with th- ginger and 
 lemon of which it is made. In two gallons of water dissolve three pounds of 
 granulated sugar, and add the beaten whites of three eggs and two ounces of 
 ground ginger, previously dissolved in water. Let the mixture come to a 
 boil, skim and set aside to cool. Now add the juice of four large lemons, one- 
 fourth a yeast cake (compressed) previously dissolved in a little water, and 
 stir the mixture thoroughly. Let stand for a few minutes, and then strain 
 through a cheese cloth bag, and pour into bottles. Set away in a cool dark 
 place, and in forty-eight hours, the ginger ale will be ready to drink. An 
 acid flavor may be given to this ale by squeezing the juice of half a lemon 
 into a tumbler, and then filling the glass with the ale. 
 
 Recipe 6. FRUIT SYRUPS. 
 
 For a change in punches try rhubarb, raspberry, currant, pineapple, or 
 strawberry-ade. These, as also lemonade, are better if sugar syrup rather 
 than crude sugar be used for sweetening, but on no account should the 
 fruit juice be cooked. Add this when the syrup has become cold. A little 
 lemon juice to give " point " to the particular fruit flavor that is used is essen- 
 tial in all beverages of this class. 
 
 Remember to use the sweet element sparingly even if the beverage is to 
 be used half frozen ; for sugar is a fuel food and in consequence is not " in 
 order " during the heated term. Half a cup of sugar is enough for un- 
 frozen mixtures; two-thirds of a Cup may be required when the beverage 
 is to be frozen. But, while stinting on the sugar be generous with 
 the fruit juice, and if the quantity at hand of one variey be scanty, add the 
 juice of some other fruit and call the concoction a punch. 
 
84 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe. 7. LEMON SYRUP, 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS 
 
 Lemon Juice 1 Quart 
 
 Water . ^.^!^. .......'. 1 Quart ^ ■^°'' ^^^ lemons hard under your 
 
 Whites of Eggs 2 hand to soften them and squeeze out 
 
 every bit of juice. Put the sugar into 
 
 UTENSILS: ^ porcelain lined kettle. Beat the eggs 
 
 Lemon Squeezer Puree' Sieve *° ^ ^^'^ ^''Oth' ^^^ them with the 
 
 Porcelain lined Egg Beater water and add to the sugar. Stir until 
 
 Kettle Skimmer the sugar is dissolved. Place the kettle 
 
 Wooden Spoon over the fire and boil and skim until 
 
 . there is no scum arising to the surface. 
 
 Add the lemon juice to the boiling 
 syrup, cover and boil gently ten minutes. Remove from the fire and when 
 cool fill bottles which have been rinsed with alcohol. Use bottles with 
 patent stoppers. This syrup will keep well the entire year, but should be 
 made in the spring when lemons are cheap and plentiful. Oranges may be 
 used in the same manner as above, using two quarts of juice and the same 
 ingredients. Pineapples, cherries, grapes, currants, raspberries and straw- 
 berries all make syrups which make delicious drinks, sauces, and ice creams 
 when these fruits are out of season. Be careful of too much boiling as it 
 destroys the flavor and color of the syrup. Use only granite or porcelain 
 lined kettles and stir with wooden spoon. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. V. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 8. FRUIT PUNCH. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 Ceylon or English 
 
 Breakfast Tea ... 1 oz. Put the tea into the stew pan and 
 
 Oranges 3 cover with a quart of boiling water ; 
 
 Lemons 6 cover the pan for twenty minutes, and 
 
 Sugar 4 Cups strain. Grate the yellow rinds from 
 
 Grated Pineapple ... 1 Pint half the lemons and oranges adding 
 
 Vanilla and Almond this to the sugar and mixing all with 
 
 Extract 1 Teaspoonful the infusion. Stir until the sugar is 
 
 Bananas 3 dissolved, place over the fire and bring 
 
 Ginger Ale 1 Pint to the boiling point and boil five 
 
 Water 3 Quarts minutes. Strain and cool. * Add the 
 
 If^e juice of the lemon and oranges and all 
 
 the other ingredients. Turn this into 
 
 UTENSILS: , the punch bowl with a nice block of ice 
 
 Stew Pan Grater and serve. Fresh berries may be added 
 
 Measuring Cup Lemon Squeezer to this or grape juice may be used in- 
 
 Punch Bowl Stead of ginger ale. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
BEVERAGES. 85 
 
 Recipe 9. MINT PUNCH. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight, 
 
 Fresh Mint Sprigs., 1 Dozen 
 
 Shaved Ice 1 Cup DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Sugar % Cup 
 
 ^Pur°e"cid"r Vinegar 2 Tablespoonfuls Chop the mint fine, add to the ice 
 
 Raspberry Syrup ... 1 Cup and sugar. Put all into a shaker and 
 
 ^^*^'" UTENSILS^"^'^* ^^^^^ ^^^"^ ""*^^ *^^ ^^^^^ ^^ dissolved ; 
 
 Tablespoon Measuring Cup pour into a punch bowl, add the other 
 
 Punch Bowl Shaker ingredients and serve very cold. 
 
 Joe Shaver Lemon Squeezer ° 
 
 Chopping Bowl and Knife 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 10. MINT LEMONADE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Shaved Ice % Glass 
 
 Lemon' Syrup "or"" 2 * Tabfespoonfuls Put the shaved ice into the glass 
 
 Lemon % and add the lemon syrup or the sugar 
 
 ?-"^^'' yivVVl---- ^ Teaspoonfuls dissolved in the lemon juice. Stir well, 
 
 Creme de Menthe , , , ,• . . . ,. 
 
 Cherry 1 then add the remaining ingredients, 
 
 Creme de Menthe... 1 Teaspoonful decorating with sprigs of mint stand- 
 
 ^"'* ^ ^P"^^ ing upright in the glass, and three 
 
 T ci. UTENSILS: straws. This is not only very refresh- 
 
 Ice Shaver Straws . . ■' -' 
 
 Lemon Squeezer Tall Glasses ing but attractive as well. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 11. 
 
 Materials. 
 
 Tart Apples 6 
 
 Lemons 3 
 
 Stick Cinnamon .... Vi 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Bay Leaves 2 
 
 Raisins 1 
 
 Oranges 1 
 
 APPLE LEMONADE. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 4 Cups 
 
 Cup 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Porcelain Kettle Paring Knife 
 Grater Measure 
 
 Jelly Bag Ice Shaver 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Mash, quarter and core the apples ; 
 put them into the kettle with raisins, 
 bay leaves and cinnamon. Add two 
 quarts of water and bring to the boil- 
 ing point; add two more quarts of 
 cold water in which the sugar and 
 grated rind from the lemons and 
 oranges have been dissolved. Simmer 
 slowly half an hour, strain and when 
 cool and ready to serve add the juice 
 of the lemons and oranges. Set on ice 
 until very cold. Put a little shaved 
 ice into the sherbet cups, fill with the 
 cold lemonade and serve. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
86 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK- 
 
 Recipe 12. ELDERBERRY WINE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Elderberry Juice ... 5 Quarts 
 
 Sugar 15 lbs. Pick the elderberries when dead 
 
 Water ripe and extract the juice with a fruit 
 
 press. Into the kesf put the above 
 
 u±c.i.\i>iL,o. amount of juice dissolved m water. 
 
 Fruit Press Five-Gallon Keg gg g^re the sugar is thoroughly dis. 
 
 Quart Measure Seals solved before putting it into the keg. 
 
 Fill the remaining space with water. 
 
 Rack off in February and wash keg 
 in which you can replace the clear wine or it can be bottled. This makes 
 a heavy sweet wine on the order of port. To make it more tart and without 
 so much body use four quarts of juice and fourteen pounds of sugar. The 
 first wine is dark colored while the latter is lighter in color. To make the 
 wine from the elderberry blossoms pick when dead ripe and falling from 
 .the bush; pick from the stems and to one quart of blossoms add the juice 
 of two lemons, four pounds of sugar and pour over all one gallon of boiling 
 water. Let cool and when lukewarm add one half yeast cake to five gallons 
 of wine and let ferment three days. Put into a keg, leave bung out, and let 
 ferment for a month or six weeks. When through with fermentation it can 
 be racked off and bottled. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk*3 Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Publisiied by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y, 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 CHAFING DISH COOKERY. 
 
 (Including Rarebits, Creamed Oysters, Etc.) 
 
 " The social meal in the home is an ideal preparation for good digestion." 
 
 While the chafing dish started the fashion, it has quickly grown to 
 be one of the very best of friends. There are many homes where you find it, 
 and nowhere is it more serviceable or welcome than at the Sunday night 
 supper. 
 
 All who possess this most useful dish are on the lookout for new exploits 
 in the chafing dish line. Always making fresh and astonishing creations. In 
 the recipes here given they may represent to many merely old friends with 
 new faces, or new names, or perhaps the old dress with additional frills, which 
 add not only to the attractiveness of the dish but the taste as well. There are 
 few, things that cannot be done in the chafing dish if one knows how. The 
 greatest aid to successful results is having everything in readiness for work. 
 Arrange all material conveniently on either side of dish ; milk and cream and 
 all liquids, in fact, in attractive pitchers. Butter molded in balls measuring 
 one tablespoonful. Matches in a little tray, etc. Chafing dish on a tray. ^ 
 Teaspoon and tablespoon for measuring and all seasonings arranged on a ' 
 small tray. It is not necessary to tell how these things should be arranged, 
 
CHAFING DISH COOKERY. 
 
 87 
 
 but neatly and in order and perfectly convenient. Give thought and care to 
 this as it saves time and confusion. 
 
 See that the lamp is in perfect working order and filled. 
 
 If all the preparations are carefully made, each or any dish will be 
 quickly and easily cooked. 
 
 For a quick breakfast and where you do not have access to gas, its worth 
 cannot be estimated. The chafing dish has come to stay. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk*s Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y, 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 1. CREAMED OYSTERS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Oysters 1 Pint 
 
 frouf ..".;;:;::;:;;; 3 TaWelpooSfSls P'^t the butter into the chafing dish 
 
 Cream 1 Pint and when heated to be just creamy. 
 
 Celery Salt % Teaspoonful add the flour ; blend well together and 
 
 Dash ■ of ■ Nepaui ' ' ' " teaspoonful .^^^Jen smooth, gradually add the cream, 
 
 Pepper ., stirring constantly until the sauce is 
 
 smooth. Add the oysters which have 
 
 been well rinsed, small particles of 
 
 ^t. ^ T^■ ,. UTENSij.s: shell removed and drained. Bring to 
 
 Chafing Dish Large Spoon the boiling point, season and serve. A 
 
 • very nice change may be had by using 
 
 half the given amount of cream and 
 substitute one-half cup of sherry, one tablespoonful of Worcestershire 
 sauce and one stalk of celery cut very fine and cooked slightly in the butter. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y, 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 2. OYSTERS WITH MUSHROOMS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Oysters : . . . 1 Pint 
 
 Kr°°."f.: ::::::■ iSrge TaWesp-l ■ P"* ^^^ Gutter into the chafing 
 
 Flour ! 1 Large Tablesp'l dish; when_ slightly melted add the 
 
 Cream 1 Cup flour and stir until well blended; now 
 
 Yolks of Eggs — ? „ , , pour in the cream and one-half cup 
 
 Dash of Paprika " .' .' .' ^^^'P°°''*"' 'of the liquor from the mushrooms. Stir 
 
 until smooth. Add the oysters and the 
 
 small mushrooms whole or sliced. 
 
 UTENSILS: Bring to the boiling point and add the 
 
 Chafing Dish Tablespoon well-beaten yolks slowly. Remove at 
 
 Toast Measuring Cup once from the fire, season and serve 
 
 Small Egg Beater on squares of toast. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. AUce Gitchell Kirk. 
 
88 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 3. WELSH RAREBIT. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weiglit, DIRECTIONS. 
 
 American Cheese, 
 
 yellow 1 lb. Grate the cheese or cut it very fine. 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful Rub the pan with the garlic. Mix all 
 
 Catsup 1 Tablespoonful the seasonings with the cheese. Heat 
 
 Ale or Beer % Cup the beer and when boiling hot add 
 
 Salt V2 Teaspoonful the cheese mixture and stir rapidly and 
 
 Horseradish 1 Teaspoonful constantly until smooth and creamy. 
 
 Clove of Garlic 1 Beat very hard at the last and serve 
 
 Cayenne Pepper ... at once on squares of toast. 
 
 Worcestershire Sauce Be very sure the plates are hot, also 
 
 the toast, and ready the instant the 
 
 rarebit is done. The success of this 
 
 UTENSILS: depends largely upon the cheese. 
 
 Chafing Dish Grater Nothing is better than a good soft yel- 
 
 Tablespoon Teaspoon low New York cheese. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes, 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1806, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 4. SHRIMP WIGGLE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS, 
 
 Shrimps 1 Cup 
 
 Peas 1 Cup a.1 1 • ... 
 
 Paprika % Teaspoonful Prepare the shrimps by rinsmg, 
 
 Flour I Large Tab'sp'l draining, and cutting or breaking in 
 
 Milk 1^2 Cups small pieces. Soften the butter in the 
 
 iaTf.:::::::::;::: i SSoSi"'' chafing dish, mixing the fiourweii with 
 
 Chopped Parsley .. . 1 Teaspoonful it; then pour on gradually the milk 
 Extract of Beef — Vz Teaspoonful and as soon as the sauce thickens add 
 UTENSILS' ^^^ shrimps and peas with all the sea- 
 Chafing Dish Teaspoon sonings. Bring to the boiling point 
 Tablespoon and serve. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 5. SHRIMPS A LA POULETTE. 
 
 Shrimps'' ^^r!" 1 CuT" DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Butter 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Flour ,^,, 1 Tablespoonful Mix the butter and flour well to- 
 Cream ..., 1 Cup gether in the chafing dish. Add the 
 
 Yolks of Eggs 2 ^^^'P°°°*"^ cream gradually, stirring all the time. 
 
 Lemon°Juice .'.'.'. '. '. 1 Tablespoonful Now add the shrimps, season and when 
 
 Nepaul Peppef or hot serve. Whole wheat bread sliced 
 
 Paprika thin, buttered and a small piece of let- 
 
 _ UTENSILS: tuce thinly spread with Hot Relish, 
 
 TabCofn"^"" Te^spoo?"'' ^"t in fancy shapes for sandwiches are 
 
 Lemon Squeezer ' very nice served with shrimps. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfe. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, J.906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
CHAFING DISH COOKERY. 
 
 Recipe 6. SWEETBREADS SAUTE WITH FRENCH PEAS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Sweetbreads Prepare the sweetbreads by wash- 
 
 cJuib/lwhite) . . ing well m coW water, removing any 
 
 Egg of the pipes and membranes. Look 
 
 Butter them in boiling salted water with one 
 
 l^'*^ tablespoonful of lemon juice twenty 
 
 ^'^°^ minutes. Then put them in cold water 
 
 UTENSILS' ^°^ ^ ^^^ minutes, and then into the 
 
 _. g _. , ' refrigerator until wanted for the chaf- 
 
 Shallow Dfsh or Saucer for Egg >"& dish _ Sprinkle with salt and pep- 
 
 Plate for Bread Crumbs per, roll m fine white bread crumbs, 
 
 ■■ . then in the beaten egg, again in the 
 
 crumbs and saute in the chafing dish 
 after delicately cooking the bacon. Serve the sweetbreads and bacon gar- 
 nished with the French peas heated and seasoned with butter, pepper and salt. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawtnan & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 7. CHICKEN HOLLANDAISE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. »,»-.^t^^.^»^.,« 
 
 Cooked Chicken.... 1 Pint DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Chopped Celery ... Vs Cup 
 
 Fi"ouf .;:::::::::::: I ^aSZful: ,, Meit the butter in the chafing dish, 
 
 Onion Juice 1 Teaspoonful add the celery and cook just a few mo- 
 Chopped Parsley ... 1 Tablespoonful ments. Stir in the flour and water or 
 7uke%°/on?half-"' stock gradually. Add the remaining 
 
 Lemon seasonings with the carefully cooked 
 
 Paprika meat of the chicken cut in small 
 
 Kitchen Bouquet ... % Teaspoonful . -i- n n x ii. j i 
 
 Stock or Water 1 Cup pieces, btir all well together and when 
 
 UTENSILS: well heated add the j'olks of the eggs 
 
 MSfSnn^'cu Measurmg^Spoon ^gll beaten. Serve with watercress 
 
 Tablespoon Bowl sandwiches and thin bread and butter. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 8. THE QUEEN'S TOASTED CHEESE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Cheese, not too soft % lb. 
 
 Ale 3 Tablespoonfuls ^his is the recipe from the Lodge 
 
 Champagne 1 Small Glass . ...j. , /- ^ ^i. i. c j 
 
 Dash of Cayenne ... at Windsor. Grate the cheese fine and 
 
 Salt V2 Teaspoonful add the ale and champagne. Put into 
 
 roast the chafing dish and stir well until the 
 
 mixture is smooth and creamy. Add 
 
 UTFNSILS- *^^ seasoning and serve very hot from 
 
 T^■ 1. ^ X the chafing dish on squares of toast. 
 
 ?abfe"s|oo"' wTne Glass A light salad with French Dressing is 
 
 Teaspoon a nice accompaniment to this. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Aflce Gitchell Kirk. 
 
90 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 9. TOMATO RAREBIT. 
 
 c r. Materials. Measure. Weight, DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Soft American 
 
 Cheese lib. ^ , , , . ,. 
 
 Strained Tomatoes.. % Pint Grate the cheese and mix all the 
 
 Ni''auiPe"'e'r ^ Teaspoonful ingredients with it. Rub the chafing 
 
 Soft White Bread ' dish with a clove of garlic. Turn the 
 
 Crumbs ,. 1 Cup mixture into the pan and stir rapidly 
 
 Clove of Garlic ., , , , ^ f J 
 
 Kitchen Bouquet ... % Teaspoonful "ntil hot and smooth. Serve at once 
 
 UTENSILS: on toast accompanied with cucumber 
 
 Teas'plo?"^ Measu?iSg"cup salad and French Dressing. 
 
 Grater 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 10. CHICKEN A LA KING. 
 
 CookeTS^ken. "™- DIRECTIONS. 
 
 diced 2% Cups / 
 
 Cream — 2 Cups Arrange the materials in the fol- 
 
 tt? ."""t'^^""?!: 3^ ^^glespoonfuls l°^«^f, --f^ ^ ^ur^ '° }\'- ''^''.= 
 
 Flour 2 Tablespoonfuls mold the butter, a tablespoonful in each 
 
 Green Pepper V2 ball ; have the pepper chopped fine on 
 
 Salt a little butter chip ; measure the flour, 
 
 Toast *^^ cream in a pitcher, the mushrooms 
 
 cut in halves and the chicken cut in 
 
 T^^_,.^„.r^ „ cubes in a dish. Light the chafing dish 
 
 ^, ^ .^. , UTENSILS: a^jj pm ^jjg butter in the pan to melt. 
 
 Chafing Dish Measuring Cup ^^d the pepper and cook three or four 
 
 Wooden Spoon Tablespoon minutes without allowing the butter to 
 
 ' brown. Stir in the flour, then the 
 
 cream, stirring until it thickens. Set 
 into the hot water pan, then add mushrooms, chicken, salt and paprika. When 
 heated thoroughly, serve on toast. 
 
 THE CANNING OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 
 
 (Including Both Large and Small Fruity, Pineapples, Asparagus, Beans, 
 Beets, Tomatoes and Green Corn.) 
 
 " Practice makes perfect." 
 
 It is not difficult to can all kinds of fruits and vegetables if one studies 
 sterilization, has perfect utensils and knows how to select fruits. The slight- 
 
THE CANNING OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 91 
 
 est disregard of necessary rules in the canning or preservation of fruits may- 
 cause great loss, not only of time and strength, but money as well. 
 
 The following rules have been used many times with perfect success. 
 If you fail it is because you have not followed the suggestions given. 
 
 All fruits and vegetables to be perfect should be canned the day they 
 are picked. If this is not possible, when purchased at the stores, come as close 
 to freshness as you possibly can. 
 
 They must be ripe, not bruised, and free from decay. 
 
 They must be cooked in the cans or jars in which they are to be kept; 
 <tnd the best process known is canning by steam. Cans or jars and covers (and 
 rubbers if you use them) should be perfect. Use new rubbers every year. 
 Use jars with covers which are absolutely unaffected by any known food acid, 
 and sweet and clean as the glass itself. 
 
 The jars must be sterilized by placing in the cooker and gradually bring 
 water to the boiling point, and boil for ten minutes. Covers should be dipped 
 in boiling water and not handled on the inside after this sterilizing. 
 
 The contents of every jar must be sterile; that is, sufficiently boiled to 
 destroy all the germ life in it; otherwise they will surely spoil, and one germ 
 will spoil the entire contents. Dififerent fruits and vegetables require differ- 
 ent time for cooking, as some germs are tougher and longer lived than others. 
 
 Fewer utensils are necessary with the steam cooker than any other 
 method of canning, and these should also be sterilized to insure perfect suc- 
 cess. 
 
 Recipe 1. RASPBERRIES AND ALL SMALL FRUITS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Large Red Rasp- 
 
 cSfjuice- ::::::'% 9T , P'-^^ the required number of jars 
 
 Sugar % Cup ^na covers m the kettle of cold water 
 
 over a slow fire and bring slowly to 
 
 UTENSILS- t^^ boiling point. Mash the currants 
 
 ^ , „,.j " , , and press out the juice until you have 
 
 La?*^ Kettk Fun^r the required amount. Usually a quart 
 
 Large Enamel Fruit Jars of currantsmakes one-halfpint of juice. 
 
 Spoon Stew Pans Bring this juice to the boiling point and 
 
 Towels Holders add the sugar. Bring to the boiling 
 
 point again, skim and boil five minutes. 
 
 Fill the hot sterilized jars with the 
 berries, adjust the rubbers and pour over the boiling syrup. Stand the jars 
 in the cooker and steam five minutes. If the jars are not quite full, fill from 
 one jar then return them to the cooker and steam_ five minutes longer. Seal 
 tightly, stand aside until cool. Then tighten again. 
 
 In canning strawberries, place them in a colander and dip them up and 
 down two or three tin;es in cold water to remove any sand or dirt. Drain 
 and stem them. Make your syrup, using water in place of currant juice. 
 Fill the jars full of berries and place in the cooker. Steam for ten minutes. 
 Lift out three jars, drain free from juice and fill two of them from the steamed 
 fruit of the third ; fill with the boiling syrup, adjust rubbers and stand again 
 
93 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 in the cooker, steaming five minutes longer. Seal as directed for rasp- 
 berries. Keep in a cool, dark place. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 2. CANNING LARGE FRUITS. 
 
 (Peaches, Pears, Apples, Pineapples, Quinces, Etc.) 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Peaches 8 lbs. 
 
 ^f4V 1 Quart ^ ^*"' P"* *^ j^^^ ^"^ '=°^^''S 'nt° *e 
 
 large kettle filled with cold water, and 
 
 „ _. bring slowly to the boiling point. Add 
 u Lt^i\aiL,a. the sugar to the given amount of water, 
 itew'^Par Funnel°" stirring until the sugar is dissolved. 
 Wire Basket Wooden Spoon Place it over the fire and boil ten min- 
 Holders Towels' utes. Skim. While the jars are heat- 
 Measuring Cup Fruit Jars jng and the syrup boiling, put the fruit 
 Large Kettle Scales ^ jj^^j^ ^^ ^ ^j^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^j^.^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 — 1 and dip in hot water for just a mo- 
 
 ment. Cut the peaches in halves, re- 
 move the stones and the skins. Be sure you do this, as the peaches are kept 
 in perfect shape. Take one jar at a time from the hot water, drain and neatly 
 arrange the fruit in them. Fill to overflowing with the boiling syrup, ad- 
 just the sterilized rubbers and steam five minutes. Have some of the boil- 
 ing syrup in readiness and if the syrup is not at the top of the jar, fill with 
 the syrup to overflowing and seal at once. 
 
 These directions will answer for all large fruits such as pears, apples, 
 pineapples and quinces. Add just a little green ginger root to pears for flavor. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 3. ASPARAGUS AND STRING BEANS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Asparagus 
 
 Boiling Water , Wash, drain and trim fresh aspara- 
 
 Salt gus. Fill the sterilized jars neatly, 
 
 heads up ; adjust the rubbers and place 
 
 UTENSILS: them in the steam cooker and steam 
 
 Steam Cooker Jo^els without water three-quarters of an 
 
 Holders rruit Jars , ^, ^,, ., . ^ -^i i. -i- 
 
 Paring Knife Large Kettle hour, then fill the jars with boiling 
 
 water. Add a teaspoonful of salt to 
 
 ' each jar and steam thirty minutes 
 
 longer. Place cover on the jar before 
 removing from the cooker, then lift out carefully and screw covers on tightly. 
 Always tighten the covers after the jars have become cold. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co.. Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1, Copyright, 1907, by Mr?. Alice Gitchell Kirk, 
 
THE CANNING OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 93 
 
 Recipe 4. PEAS, LIMA BEANS OR BEETS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Peas 
 
 Boiling Water , Select very young peas and be 
 
 ^ ' sure they are freshly picked. Sterilize 
 
 UTENSILS: ^^^ j^""^ ^^ directed in previous recipes. 
 
 Steam Cooker Wide Mouthed Fill the peas in the jars, stand in the 
 
 Towels Funnel Steam cooker and steam forty minutes ; 
 
 Large'Ke°ttle FruitTars P"* a teaspoonful of salt in each jar 
 
 and fill to overflowing with boiling 
 ' water. Steam again twenty minutes 
 
 and screw on the tops. In removing 
 the tops from the kettle in which they are sterilized, do not turn them up or 
 let anything come in contact with them, not even the fingers. Peas contain 
 sugar. The air is full of wild yeast plants which live upon such material. 
 One spore on the inside of the lid might spoil the entir.e jar of vegetables. 
 Keep in a cool, dark place. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 5. 
 
 CORN. 
 
 Materials. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Corn 
 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Steam Cooker 
 
 Large Kettle 
 
 Tablespoon 
 
 Holders 
 
 Wide Mouthed 
 
 Towels 
 
 Funnel 
 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 After removing the husks and 
 every particle of silk from perfectly 
 fresh corn, cut it from the cob, pack 
 it in sterilized jars, press down well 
 and fill them. Put these jars into the 
 steam cooker and steam for two hours. 
 If the corn shrinks fill three jars from 
 the fourth and put them back into the 
 cooker and steam one hour longer. Seal carefully as directed for peas, as 
 corn is one of the hardest vegetables td can. Watch carefully for three or 
 four days, and if there is the slightest sign of fermentation, remove the lids, 
 put them back into the cooker and steam thirty minutes again. 
 
 (Some, who do not have a steam cooker, set the jars in boiling water.) 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co.. Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
94 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. ' 
 
 Recipe 6. TOMATOES. 
 
 (Also Raspberries, Currants, Cherries, Pared Plums, Grapes, Soft Peara, 
 
 Soft Peaches, Etc.) 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Tomatoes 
 
 Boiling Water Select tomatoes perfectly fresh, 
 
 ^^^^ firm and uniform in size to pass into 
 
 the jars perfectly whole. Place a few 
 
 UTENSILS: tomatoes at a time in a wire basket 
 
 Steam Cooker Wire Basket and dip in boiling water to loosen the 
 
 Large Kettle skins. Sterilize the jars and fill with 
 
 tomatoes, being careful not to ciTish 
 
 them. Add one teaspoonful of salt and 
 fill to overflowing with boiling water. Screw the covers on tight at once, 
 and stand in a kettle of boiling water, turning the burner out. Let stand 
 until cold. Fruit such as raspberries, currant^, cherries, pared plums, grapes, 
 soft peaches and soft pears will keep nicely in this same way, using boiling 
 syrup instead of boiling water. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfff. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk, 
 
 Recipe 7. CANNED PINEAPPLE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Ripe Pineapples . . . 
 
 Gran'suga/"???. ! ! i 1 pInt Secure perfectly ripe fruit, and cut 
 
 crosswise in slices from one-half to 
 UTENSILS: three-quarters of an inch thick, peel 
 
 Sharp Butcher Knife Frui't Jars ^"^ remove eyes and any brown spots 
 
 Vegetable Knife Measuring Cup and pick into small pieces with fork, 
 
 Silver Knife or Fork Steam Cooker or cut in any desired shapes, using the 
 
 Stew Pan Wooden Spoon silver knife for this purpose. 
 
 Fill the copper pan of the steam 
 
 cooker with cold water, set the jars 
 inside the cooker, put over the fire, bring the water to the boiling point and 
 boil ten minutes. This is absolutely necessary for sterilization of the jars. 
 In the meantime add the juice from the pineapple to the water and sugar, 
 put this into the stew pan over the fire, stir until sugar is dissolved. Boil 
 five minutes and skim. Remove one jar at a time from the cooker, fill with 
 the pineapple and then to overflowing with the boiling syrup. Put those 
 filled into the cooker, lay the cover on top, which has been dipped for a second 
 time in boiling water, and steam fifteen minutes. Now remove each jar, 
 lift off the cover and place again in boiling water while you fill the jar to 
 overflowing with the remaining boiling syrup. Replace the cover quickly, 
 sealing tight, and stand aside to cool. The next morning and for nearly a 
 week, watch your fruit carefully to see if it is going to keep. The contents 
 of every jar must be sterile (dead), one germ on the cover, in the jar or 
 fruit will spoil the entire contents. 
 
PRESERVING AND JELLY MAKING. 
 
 (Including Jams and Fruit Juices.) 
 
 " There is every kind of berry in my pail, 
 I wanted blue ones only, 
 But on this fruitful road I could not fail 
 To find all kinds of berries in my pail." 
 
 In preserving, canning or jelly making, iron or tin utensils should never 
 be used. The fruit acids attack these metals and give both bad color and 
 taste to the fruit. 
 
 The kettle should be broad rather than deep, and this may be procelain 
 lined, enameled or aluminum. As in any other work, the proper tools or 
 utensils are necessary for the best results in canning, preserving and jelly 
 making, such as preserving kettle, steam cooker or large kettle, skimmer, 
 colander, wire sieve, wooden spoon, measuring cup, sauce pan, scales for large 
 fruits if possible, wooden masher, cheese cloth jelly bag and plenty of clean 
 cloth or towels. The regular kitchen pans hold the fruit and sugar. 
 
 When the fruit is purchased, keep it where it will keep cool and free 
 from dust or flies until ready to use. System will do much to lighten the 
 work. Have the kitchen swept and dusted thoroughly with a damp cloth 
 to keep down all dust and thus have less danger in keeping the fruit. 
 
 Have a kettle ready for sterilizing the jars and all necessary utensils and 
 sugar at hand. Then with a moderate amount of fruit to put up at one time 
 the work should be a pleasure. 
 
 To each quart of large fruit one pint of syrup is necessary for can- 
 ning. Two-thirds of a pint of syrup for a quart of the small fruits. One pint 
 of sugar and the same of water put over the fire, stir until the sugar is dis- 
 solved, bring slowly to the boiling point and boil five minutes or longer if 
 desired richer. This makes a good syrup for all canned acid fruits. 
 
 A light syrup may be made from one pint of sugar and two pints of water 
 boiled t€n minutes for canning blueberries, and proceed precisely the same 
 as for canning raspberries, cherries and currants. 
 
 Fruit syrups and fruit juices are two most desirable ways for the preser- 
 vation of fruit, and are most desirable for delicious drinks, sauces, ices and 
 ice cream. Pineapples, cherries, grapes, currants, oranges, lemons, raspberries 
 and strawberries may all be used for this purpose. Be careful of too much 
 boiling, as it destroys the color and flavor of the fruit juices or when made 
 into syrup. It keeps well the entire year and should be made when fruits 
 are seasonable and reasonable in price. 
 
 One recipe will answer for all fruit juices. They may be bottled with or 
 without sugar. Currant juice may be sterilized and canned without sugar, 
 making the jelly at any season of the year. 
 
 Use self-sealing bottles instead of cans. 
 
 The amount of sugar, when used for grape juice, cherries and plums is 
 one-half pint to each quart of juice. Currants will require one pint of sugar 
 to a quart of juice. I will give the recipe for Grape Juice and this will answer 
 for all the given fruits as directed. 
 
 95 
 
3>6 TH:E PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 1. GRAPE JUICE. 
 
 , Wash the grapes and, pick them from the stems. Put them into a pre- 
 serving kettle — porcelain lined — crush a little, adding just enough water to 
 prevent them from sticking. Cover and heat slowly until the grapes are soft 
 and the juices well out. Turn into a double cheese cloth bag and drain over 
 night. The next morning sterilize the bottles. Return the juice to the clean 
 preserving kettle over the fire. Let come to a boil and skim. Repeat. Add 
 the sugar and stir until dissolved. Let come to the boiling point, skim and 
 rinse the bottles with a little alcohol, fill them and cork. Put them into the 
 steamer or a kettle of hot water and boil them thirty minutes. Place on a 
 wire cooler away from the draft to cool. 
 
 The only difiference between the syrups and juices is that in the syrup 
 more sugar is used. 
 
 Recipe 2. BLACKBERRY JAM. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Blackberries 1 Quart 
 
 ^"Sar 3 Cups jjeat the berries very slowly, then 
 
 mash them through the sieve. Have 
 
 UTENSILS: the sugar heated in a moderate oven. 
 
 Sieve Wooden Masher Po"»" the blackberry juice and pulp 
 
 Jelly Glasses Measuring Cup into the kettle ; bring to a boil and then ' 
 
 Porcelain Lined Wooden Spoon add the sugar. Stir both together, 
 
 *"® boil very rapidly and watch carefully 
 
 — that it does not burn. Boil until it 
 
 " sets or " wrinkles " when a little is 
 taken out in a dish and placed on ice. , 
 
 If you do not wish the seeds removed from the berries put them at 
 once into the kettle; stir and crush with a wooden spoon and boil thirty 
 minutes, then add the sugar and proceed as above. Put in small tumblers 
 and cover tightly. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Publislied by Yawman & Erbe Mfjr. Co., Rochester, N Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk 
 
 Recipe 3. CURRANT JAM. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Currants 1 Quart 
 
 Sugar 3 Cups ,,, i .1 .... 
 
 Wash the currants and pick them 
 
 from the stems; then measure the cur- 
 
 UTENSILS: rants and sugar and let stand over 
 
 Porcelain Kettle Jelly Glasses night. In the morning bring them to 
 
 Wooden Spoon Measuring Cup t^e boiling point, stirring almost con- 
 
 tinually until finished. Test this as you 
 
 _ would for jelly by taking a little out 
 in a saucer and cooling on ice. If it congeals it is ready to pour into the 
 jelly glasses and finish in the sunshine. Seal as you would jellies. Equal 
 parts of raspberries and currants are a nice combination; and in the red 
 
PRESERVING AND JELLY MAKING. 
 
 97 
 
 rasptjerry jam a h^lf a cupful of currant j^iice tp every quart of berries adds 
 much tq the flavor of the jam. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Publisljed by Yawman & Erbq Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 4. 
 
 Materials. Measure, Weight. 
 
 Rhubarb 3 lbs. 
 
 Fi^s i^ll). 
 
 Orange Peel % lb. 
 
 Grated Lemon and 
 
 Jfiice 1 
 
 Sugar 2% lbs. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Paring Knife Lemon Squeezer 
 
 Scales Jelly Glasses 
 
 Porcelain Lined Kettle 
 
 RHUBARB JAM. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Cyt the rhubarb in inch length 
 pieces. Take ordinary dried figs and 
 cut in medium sized pieces ; shred the 
 orange peel and add the juice and 
 grated rind of the lemon. Put a layer 
 of rhubarb, figs, orange peel, lemon 
 and sugar and repeat these layers until 
 all is used; cover and let stand over 
 night. In the morning boil until thick, 
 about one hour w^ill do. Put away 
 in jelly glasses. This is delicious and 
 very nice for sweet sandwiches for af- 
 ternoon tea. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman SI Erbe Mfff. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by ]^rs. Alice Gitcliell Kirk, 
 
 Recipe 5. 
 
 STRAWBERRY JAM. 
 (Also Black and Red Raspberry Jam.) 
 
 Materials. Measure, 
 
 Strawberries 4 Quarfs 
 
 Sugar 3 Quarts 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 Porcelain Lined Jelly Ql^sses 
 
 Kettle Colan4er 
 
 Wooden Masher Silyer T^J^lespoon 
 Measuring Cup 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Put the berries into the colander 
 and dip it up and down once or twice 
 in told water. Drain, and hull them- 
 Measure half the berries and empty 
 them into the kettle, placing over a 
 moderate fire to heat, mashing the 
 berries well. Do not let them boil, 
 
 , but mash and heat until all the juices 
 
 are well started. Measure and for 
 every pint of this pulp add one pound of sugar. Put both together into the 
 kettle and bring qiiicily to the boiling point, bojling rapidly and skimming 
 until perfectly clear, which will take about fifteen minutes from the time 
 it begins to boil. Now add the remaining two quarts pf whple strawberries. 
 Bring to the boiling point again, boil five minutes. If you wish it cooked 
 dbwn very thtfck careffully skim out the tfierrfe^ ^.pd cdtfk the juice from 
 S~-7 
 
98 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 five to fifteen minutes. Unite the berries with this juice and put by spoonfuls 
 into the hot sterilized tumblers and finish in the sunshine where it is free 
 from dust, or with glass over the tops, and seal as directed. 
 
 Strawberries and grated pineapple make a delicious combination. 
 
 Black or red raspberries may be prepared in precisely the same manner 
 as the strawberries. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 6. SPICED CURRANTS. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Currants 1 Quart 
 
 Gran. Sugar 3 lbs. Wash and stem the currants, then 
 
 Vinegar 1 Pint measure and arrange proportions as 
 
 Ground Cloves 1 Tablespoonful given. Put the vinegar into the kettle 
 
 Ground Cinnamon.. 1 Tablespoonful and then the sugar, stirring until well 
 
 Ground Allspice ... 1 Tablespoonful dissolved. Add the fruit and spices 
 
 and boil two hours. This may boil 
 
 more slowly than for jams, but must 
 
 UTENSILS* ^^ watched and stirred often so that 
 
 it does not burn nor stick. 
 Porcelain Lined Tablespoon Ripe cherries and gooseberries are 
 
 Kettle Scales delicious spiced in this manner and all 
 
 Measuring Cup Wooden Spoon are nice to serve with cold meats. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 7. 
 
 Materials. 
 
 Ripe Quinces 
 Sugar 
 
 QUINCE PRESERVES. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Paring Knife 
 Porcelain Lined 
 Kettle 
 
 Scales 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 Skimmer 
 
 Wash and wipe the quinces. 
 Pare, core and cut into slices, or they 
 may be quartered. Be sure to throw 
 each piece into cold water to prevent 
 discoloration. Put them into the kettle 
 and barely cover with boiling water. 
 
 Simmer until tender; skim out the 
 
 fruit very carefully and add the parings 
 but not the cores to the liquid; cover and simmer one hour. Strain and to 
 every pint of this juice allow one pint of sugar; stir until dissolved. Bring 
 quickly to the boiling point and boil hard (if there is a quart of juice) fifteen 
 minutes, skimming well. Now put in the quinces and' boil until clear and 
 red. It is better to keep them covered if you wish them bright in color. 
 When the quinces are done skim out into hot sterilized jelly glasses. Boil 
 
PRESERVING AND> JELLY MAKING. 
 
 99 
 
 the juice if necessary a little longer to become thick; peur this over the 
 friiit and stand in the sunshine to finish. Seal as director. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 8. SAN DIEGO ORANGE MARMALADE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Oranges (Navel)... 6 „„,,,, 
 
 J. 3 Cut off the ends of the oranges and 
 
 lemons and throw away. Peel thin 
 
 ^**^*' ''' ^"P* oranges and lemons round and round 
 
 Sugar like an apple and then cut with shears 
 
 very fine. Remove the white skin, and 
 
 cut the pulp into fine pieces. Cover 
 
 UTENSILS: the pulp and shredded peel well with 
 
 cold water and let stand 13 to 24 hours. 
 Large Bowl Paring Knife p^^jj^^ ^^^ ^j^^ ^^^^j. ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 Shears Wooden Spoon reduced one inch or until the rinds are 
 
 Kettle Glasses tender. Add equal amount of sugar 
 
 Measuring Cup and cook until it jellies. 
 
 Recipe 9. 
 
 SMALL FRUIT JELLY. 
 
 Materials. Measure, 
 
 Currant Juice 1 Quart 
 
 Sugar 1 Quart 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Jelly Bag 
 Masher 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 Porcelain Lined 
 Kettle 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Large Kettle 
 Skimmer 
 Small Glasses 
 Strainer 
 
 Select the currants and pick over 
 as previously directed for small fruits. 
 Put them into the preserving kettle. 
 Do not stem them but mash well. 
 Place over the fire until heated and the 
 juices well started. Put into the jelly 
 bag and drain over night. The next 
 morning, wash and put the glasses into 
 the kettle with cold water and bring 
 slowly to the boiling point ready for use. Measure the juice and for each 
 pint or quart of juice an equal amount of sugar. Measure the juice into 
 the kettle, put over the fire, bring to the boiling point and boil it twenty 
 minutes, skimming often. After the juice has been boiling for about ten 
 minutes, measure the sugar into a pan, place in a moderate oven and heat, 
 being careful not to melt it. 
 
 When the juice has cooked the required time, add the sugar, stir until 
 all is dissolved. If your fruit was not over-ripe and your work carefully done, 
 the jelly will be ready to strain at once into glasses ; if not, it must be cooked 
 longer. Set in the sunshine to finish. Cover with melted paraffine, label 
 and set away in a dark, cool closet. Grapes, raspberries and blackberries 
 
100 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 are made in the same manner. A mixture of fruit juices always makes a 
 pleasant variety. 
 
 For red raspberry jelly add one-third currant juice. For crab-apple 
 jelly the addition of wild pliini juice improves the flavor, or a stick of cin- 
 namon, or even the native grape juice. Under-ripe grapes make an espe- 
 cially attractive jelly. Black raspberry and crab-apple, and grape and crab- 
 apple make a nice combination. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk*s Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No; 1. Cd^y right, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitehell Kirk, 
 
 Recipe 10. APPLE JELLY, QUINCES OR CRAB-APPLES. 
 
 Matetials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Lady Bliish or Pip- 
 
 Jufcef^om Apples;'.; 1 Quart Wash the fruit, remove the cores 
 
 Gran. Sugar 3 Cups and cut the apples into small pieces ; 
 
 put them into a large porcelain lined 
 
 UTENSILS: kettle and barely cbveir with cold water. 
 
 Large Kettle Porcelain Kettle Cover and boil gently until the fruit is 
 
 Jelly Bag Paring Knife soft and the juice is well started. Pour 
 
 atihg cup its'" j?to the jelly bag and drain over nighi. 
 
 *^ , The next morning wash and prepare 
 the glasses for sterilizing £Ls befote di- 
 rected. Measure the juice. Put it into 
 the porcelain lined kettle, bring to the boiling point and boil twenty minutes. 
 Have measured and heated three-fourths the amount of sugar that you had 
 juice. Add the sugar to the juice as previously directed, stirring tintil the 
 sugar is dissolved and it should be ready to strain at once into the glasses. 
 If you are not quite sure, take out a little in a dish ajid try it by standing 
 on ice. If it congeals or wrinkles on the top it is ready to put at once into 
 glasses. Finish as previously directed for jellies. 
 
 / Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rdche^ter; N. Y. 
 SiiptJlenSbtal Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitehell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 11. MIXED JELLY. 
 
 Materials. Meiiure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Equal portions of 
 
 Cherries, Red Rasp- Stone the cherries, being sure to 
 
 berries, currants, ,, . . ,■• , -.y. ,, ^, 
 
 Strawberries, Sugar save all juice that escapes. Mix all the 
 
 fruits together and mash well. Heat 
 
 UTENSILS: only until the juices are well started 
 
 Jelly Bag Porcelain Lined and then turn the jelly bag and squeeze 
 
 Masher „,^*=**^* thoroughly. Put the jtiice into an- 
 
 l^eSng Cup ""'""^ °ther jelly W and drain without 
 
 squeezing. Measure the juice and to 
 - — ■ eveiy pint allow one pound or two 
 
 cups of sugat". Turn the juice into 
 
PICKLING. IQl 
 
 the kettle and if there is one quart of ji;ipp boil twenty minutes and finjsh 
 the same as other jellies in preceding recipes. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Coqlcitig Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawnian & Erbp Mfg. Co.; Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplenifental Set No. 1. Copyright, 190T, by Mrs. Alice Gifchell Kirk. 
 
 PICKLING. 
 
 (Including Watermelon, Peach, Pear, Tomato, Cucumber and Oiled Pickles 
 and Chow Chow, Chili Sauce and Relishes.) 
 
 " Prove all things ; hold fast that which is good." 
 
 (All measurements level.) 
 
 '§weet pickles are made from all fruits that can be preserved such as 
 citron, watefrnelpn rindj crab-apples, peaches, pears, cucumbers and many 
 others. 
 
 -Spiced fruits frqm currants and gooseberries are delicious with cold 
 meats. 
 
 Good cider vinegar only should be used for pickling, brown or white 
 sugar an4 the very best gpipes which can be bought. The housekeeper has 
 every opppftunity now ijnder the Pure Food Law of knowing whether she has 
 genuine spices or ground leaves. There is, or has been, so much adulteration 
 in spices that I makp this appeal to housekeepers to not buy cheap, inferior 
 spices. The success of pickHng where spices are used depends mainly upop 
 their purity and flavor. 
 
 The syrup for the sweet pickles should be rich and thick and sufficiently 
 cooked to keep without being sealed. 
 
 Do not use preservatives or coloring matter of any kind. Do your pick- 
 ling carefully,, not too much at once. Have variety rather than quantity, then 
 there will be no failures. 
 
 Recipe 1. WATERMELON, PEACH OR PEAR PICKLES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS 
 
 Grputid Allspice 2 Teaspponfuls 
 
 Cinnamon 2 Teaspoonfu}s i-.- -j .-i- ■ • ^i 
 
 Cloves 1 Teaspoonful Divide the spices in three parts 
 
 Mace 1 Teaspoonful and tie up in muslin bags. Put the 
 
 Lifht Brown Sugar 4 lbs. sugar and vinegar into the kettle ; add 
 
 B'rte; GingfrVoot.: ' ''"* % oz. *e spice bags and ginger root broken 
 
 Wateripelon Rind . . 7 lbs. ^"to small pieces. Bring to a boil and 
 
 put in the watermelon rind cut in about 
 UTENSILS: two-inch-length pieces, having soaked 
 
 Porcelain Lined' Teaspoon these in a little weak alum water over 
 
 Kettle Jars night. Bring to a boil once more, re- 
 
 Measuring Cup ""^ "^o^e from fire, cover and let st^nd in 
 
 a cool place twenty-four hours. Then 
 take out the melon rind and let the 
 
 syrup again come to a boil. Add the 
 
lOS 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 rind again and set away for another twenty-four hours. Do this daily 
 for one week. The last time, bring all to a boil and simmer very gently 
 ten minutes and put away in jars. Do not think any part of this too much 
 trouble as results are good and you will feel well repaid for the effort, which 
 really takes only a few minutes each day. 
 
 For pickling peaches use a fine freestone and prepare as for canning, 
 except do not cut in halves. Pears are cut in halves. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 2. GREEN TOMATO PICKLES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Green Tomatoes ... 1 Peck 
 
 Whole Allspice •••• 1 oz. ^^sh the tomatoes and carefully 
 
 Sliced Onions 1 Dozen , ^, „,. •', 
 
 Black Pepper 1% ozs. remove any spots on them. Slice, and 
 
 Ground Mustard ... % lb. place first a layer of tomato, then one 
 
 Whole Cloves 1 oz. of onion, then salt and repeat until all 
 
 ader"vinrfr ^ °^' ^^^ ^^^^- ^°'^^'" ^"^ '^* ^^^^^ °"^^'^ 
 
 inegar night. In the morning drain off all the 
 
 UTENSILS- liquor or juice. Put them in the porce- 
 
 „ , ^ ' ^, ^ Iain lined kettle with all the ingredients, 
 
 La^ge^Bowl or St^one^ or^ Glas^s^ Jars .^r with vinegar and simmer gently 
 
 Paring Knife Kettle i°^ twenty minutes. Put away in 
 
 Scales stone or glass jars. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 3. CHOW CHOW. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 English Mustard ... % lb. 
 
 MuTtard ::::::::::: 2 TablespoolfSfs ,, cover the cucumbers with strong 
 
 Cider Vinegar % Gallon salt water and let stand over night. 
 
 Brown Sugar 1 Cup Boil the cauliflower and onions sepa- 
 
 O'i'^e Oil 1/2 Cup rately. Put the vinegar into the kettle. 
 
 Tiny CuTumbers ' V. 1 Quart ^'f the_ mustard and tumeric together 
 
 Button Onions 1 Quart and moisten them with a little cold 
 
 vinegar, then stir them into the hot 
 UTENSILS- vinegar and stir continuously until it 
 1J.1MS) 1^ : begins to thicken ; then add the remain- 
 Two Stew Pans Large Bowl jng- ingredients and pour this while hot 
 Porcelain Kettle Wooden Spoon „,^_ <.?„ ,„-ii J_n;«=^ ,.«,.-„*« ui„„ c „i 
 Measuring Cup Tablespoon ?^^S the well drained vegetables. Seal 
 Scales Jars in jars. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
PICKLING. 
 
 103 
 
 Recipe 4. CUCUMBER SAUCE. 
 
 Materials. Measure, Weight 
 
 Large Cucumbers. . . 1 Dozen 
 
 Onions Vi Peck 
 
 Mustard Seed 3 oz, 
 
 Small Red Peppers.. 1 Dozen 
 
 Celery Seed 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Butter % Cup 
 
 Sugar Va Cup 
 
 Salt 1 TablespoonfM 
 
 Ground Mustard ... 1 Tablespoonful 
 
 Eggs 4 
 
 Cream 1 Cup 
 
 Vinegar 1% Pints 
 
 DIRECTIONS. 
 
 UTENSILS: 
 
 Food Chopper 
 Crock 
 
 Wooden Spoon 
 Mixing- Bowl 
 
 Measuring Cup 
 Tablespoon 
 Stew Pan 
 Porcelain Lined 
 Kettle 
 
 Cnop the cucumbers (without par- 
 ing) and onions fine in the food chop- 
 per. Put alternate layers of cucumbers 
 and onions (salting each layer) into the 
 crock and press over night with heavy 
 weights. In the morning drain, scald 
 in good cider vinegar (enough to 
 cover), then add red peppers chopped 
 fine, mustard and celery, stirring thor- 
 oughly, to which you will add the fol- 
 lowing dressing: Cream the butter 
 and sugar and add the remaining sea- 
 sonings, beating in the eggs one at a 
 time; lastly add the cream. Have 
 ready the vinegar boiling hot, stir all 
 into it. Allow this driessing to just 
 come to the boiling point, then stir 
 this into the cucumber mixture and it 
 is ready to put into jars. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. ' 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 5. OILED PICKLES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. Weight. DIRECTIONS 
 
 Small Pickles 100 
 
 Ground Mustard ... %. lb. -^r , , ■ , , , , . 
 
 Black Pepper 1 Teasp'ful Wash and with a cloth rub the 
 
 Whole Mustard — % lb. cucumbers well; peel the onions and 
 
 Small Onions 1 Quart gijce both in thin slices. Put a layer 
 
 Olive Oil 1 Pint r , J I • J.1 
 
 Celery Seed 2 oz. °^ cucumbers and one of onions, then a 
 
 Cider Vinegar ..... 3 Quarts good sprinkling of salt, then repeat the 
 
 layers and salt, continuing until all is 
 
 UTENSILS: used. On top place a weight and stand 
 
 Paring Knife Large Bowl over night. In the morning, drain. 
 
 Tablespoon Measuring Cup Put a tablespoonful of powdered alum 
 
 Te^aspoon Scales jjj sufficient cold vinegar to cover the 
 
 pickles and let them stand until after- 
 
 noon. Drain again. Do not waste 
 
 this vinegar as it can be used for other 
 pickles. Put the cucumbers and onions into jars, mix all the remaining in- 
 gredients together, gradually adding the oil and vinegar and pour over them. 
 Seal. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Publi'shed bv Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirt. 
 
104 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Recipe 6. CHILI SAUCE. 
 
 Materials. Measure. 
 
 Ripe Tomatoes .... 8 Quarts 
 Grated Horseradish % Cup rkTOT?r"rTr>MC 
 
 Salt % Cup DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Celery Seed 2 Tablespoonfuls 
 
 Brown Siigar 1 Cup Peel the tomatoes, cut them in 
 
 S"'.:'"!!':!!.::: f' ^SiprnTu^'^ halves and remove all the seeds pos- 
 
 Whits Pepper 1 Tablespoonful sible ; chop fine. Chop fine the onion 
 
 vTn'ega^'^ T."':: "i Quart ^nd peppers. Mix all the ingredients 
 
 Large Onions 3 well together and put in a porcelain 
 
 UTENSILS* lined kettle and simmer slowly for 21/2 
 
 Paring, Knife Wooden Spoon hours, then put into the bottles, cork 
 
 Colander Wide Mouthed ^^^ seal. 
 Food Chopper Bottles 
 Porcelain Lined Sealing Wax 
 Kettle Corks ^ 
 
 , Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 Supl*lemeiital Set No. 1. Copyright, 1907, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 7, PEPPER RELISH. 
 
 Materials. Measure. DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Red Sweet Peppers. 6 
 
 ^peTs ^!'.!!*: ^.T.. . 6 Chop all the ingredients, using the 
 
 Onions 6 medium sized cutter. Put into the 
 
 i^g'^ir 'i!^^!.^.^. .'::■.: i Cup bowl, pour boiling water over all and 
 
 Salt 2 Tablespoonfuls squeeze dry. Have the vinegar hot 
 
 Vinegar W ^j^j^ ^^^ sugar and salt in the preserv- 
 
 UTENSILS: • jjgttle. Mix all well together, let 
 
 Food Chopper Large Bowl ° ^ , ., , , i • ■ 
 
 Preserving Kettle Fruit Jars come to a boil, cool and seal m jars. 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. 
 Published by Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. , , 
 
 Supplemental Set No. 3. Copyright, 1908, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
 Recipe 8. GENUINE LONGFELLOW PICKLES. 
 
 Materials. Measure. ■nTRFrTTON.S 
 
 Green Tomatoes ... 1 Peck UlKJiUiiONb. 
 
 Onions 1 Dozen 
 
 Green Peppers * ^„„, Wash and slice the tomatoes 
 
 Ground Cloves 1 Tablespoonful onions and peppers into a large bowl 
 
 8Smon- •::::::::; 1 r^lTo'S^A and sprinkle with salt. stand over 
 
 Allspice 1 Tablespoonful night; the next morning drain, and put 
 
 Cellryle'e"'. ! ! l ! ! l 1 ^abk^^oonM into a preserving kettle with the spites 
 
 Cider Vinegar and cover with good vinegar ; cook 
 
 Salt • . • '.p." ■ "^^f'ql' until tender. Put away in jars, being 
 
 Vegetable Kiiife Measu'ring Ciif) careful not to break the slices of to- 
 
 Tablespoon Presei^yitig Kettle matoes. 
 Large Mixing Bowl Glass Jars 
 
 Mrs. Kirk's Card Index Cooking Recipes. ■ 
 
 Published by Yawman ft Erbe Mfg. Co., Rochester. N. Y. 
 Suppleniental Set No. 8. Copyright, 1008, by Mrs. Alice Gitchell Kirk. 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPES 
 FOR EVERY-DAY USE. 
 
 " Simple diet is best for many dishes bring many diseases. •' 
 
 The recipes in this department have been gathered from many parts of 
 the world and have all been carefully corrected and arranged with the view 
 of making them the favorite re.cjpes for every-d^y use jn the hprne. Thpugh 
 the work is complete and covers every subject, yet special attention has 
 been given to the simple and inexpensive dishes. ^This dPP^rtriient will be 
 found thoroughly practical and entirely different from all Qt}ier cpok books. 
 The aim has been to give full and complete directions with each subject, not 
 only that the experienced cook may use it ^s a guide, but g.lso that th/e young 
 and inexperienced housewife can make a practical use of the book. 
 
 BREAD MAKING. 
 
 (Including Recipes and Pirections for Making White Bread, Whole Wheat 
 Bread, Qatmeal Bread, Brown Bread, Giraham Bread, Corn Bread, Currant 
 Bread, Cprni^Ji Bread, Salf Rising Bread, gingerbread. Etc. Also Recipes 
 for Making all Kinds of Yeast and Baking Powder.) 
 
 " Giye us this day pur daily bread." 
 
 " In bread making, as in baseball, there is nothing like a good batter in the 
 
 hour of knead." 
 
 As " bread is the staff of life," it is irapprtant that every housewife be 
 ^yell skilled in the art of making good bread. Spongy sweet bread, light 
 crisp rolls or flaky biscuits make the plainest meal appetizing while the most 
 luxurious dinner is a failure without them. Indeed the health and comfort 
 of the family is often determined by the quality of the home made loaves and 
 it is an old saying that the way to a man's heart is through his stomach. 
 Then why should not every young woman learn this art? There is' no 
 greater accomplishment. In bread making three things are important — good 
 flour, good yeast and good care. 
 
 FLOUR. 
 
 Thjsre is no accurate rule by which the grade of flour can be determined 
 by examination and it is well to stick py some tried brand which has been 
 used with success. A brand which is liked by ope will be a failure in the 
 
 103 
 
106 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 bands of another. Good flour has a cream-white tint and one should never 
 buy that which has a blue-white tinge. Poor flour often has a dingy appear- 
 ance as though mixed with ashes, is not adhesive, and may be blown about 
 easily. Good flour will adhere to the hand when pressed and will show the 
 imprint of the lines of tho skin. Flour should always be thoroughly sifted. 
 A single speck of mold will often spoil the bread. Flour should be bought in 
 small quantities, kept dry, cool, and beyond the reach of rats, mice and insects. 
 The small moth does much damage. Remember that all kinds of flour and 
 meal, except buckwheat and graham, need sifting. It is well to nave a paiJ 
 with a tight-fitting cover in which to keep flour after sifting until it is needed 
 
 YEAST. 
 
 After flour, the yeast is the most essential element in bread. Most people' 
 prefer yeast bread but there are some who prefer " salt-rising " bread. Many 
 of the dry hop yeasts are good if available. Many use baker%' yeast and buy 
 just what they need each baking. There are two advantages in using potato 
 yeast — bread made from it will not dry out so quickly and there is not the 
 danger that too much will spoil the flavor of the bread. 
 
 THE SPONGE. 
 
 Sponge is made from warm water or milk, yeast and flour. Some add 
 mashed potatoes. A pint of water or milk should be used for each quart of 
 sifted flour. The milk or water (wetting) should be at blood heat. If milk 
 is used it should be new and first scalded to prevent souring, then cooled to 
 blood heat. The bread will be coarse if the " wetting " is too hot. When 
 water is used, the addition of a tablespoonful of either butter or lard will 
 make the bread more -tender. Bread made from water will keep longer and 
 has more of the sweet taste of the wheat than that made from milk but is not 
 so tender and nutritious. When mixed with milk it requires more flour and 
 more kneading. In the summer the sponge should not be set before eight or 
 nine o'clock in the evening. The sponge may be made with cold water in hot 
 weather. In winter the batter should be mixed with water or milk at blood 
 heat. Test it with the finger and make it as warm as can be borne; stir 
 in the flour which will cool it enough for the yeast; cover it closely with 
 several layers of blanket (it is best to have it in a large jar or crock) and place 
 in a warm and even temperature. For four ordinary sized loaves, three pints 
 of wetting and a teacup of yeast will generally make enough sponge. In 
 making sponge, the yeast should always be added last and the sponge should 
 not be hot enough to scald. The temperature for rising should he eighty 
 or ninety degrees. A more uniform heat can be maintained in a crock or 
 stone jar than in tin, hence sponge should never be set in tin. 
 
 MIXING AND KNEADING. 
 
 Early the next morning measure and sift the flour and if the weather is 
 cold both the flour and the sponge should be warmed. A large tin dish pan 
 with a tight fitting cover is excellent for mixing dough. It should be scalded 
 each time it is used. Put the flour into it and for four loaves add two level 
 teaspoonfuls of salt. Mix well but be careful not to get the dough too stiff, 
 then turn out on the bread board ; knead without stopping until the dough 
 sticks to neither the hands nor the board. This will require from forty-five 
 
BREAD MAKING. 107 
 
 minutes to an hour. All flour to be used should be put in at the first molding 
 and it should be kneaded the longest at this time. Use just as little flour as 
 necessary to prevent sticking and remember that any pause in the kneading 
 will injure the bread. There are different ways of kneading and no precise 
 directions can be given. Experience is the best guide. When through with 
 the kneading, form the dough into a large loaf and again place it in the bread 
 pan which has been sprinkled with flour. Either sprinkle the loaf with flour 
 or grease it over with salted butter or lard, cover it closely and set in a warm 
 place for from one to two hours, or until it rises to twice its original size ; then 
 knead down in the pan, but bread should be kneaded but little at the second 
 molding. Form into loaves and put each into a well greased baking pan, 
 grease the tops of the loaves with salted butter or lard and set to rise. The 
 loaves should be molded perfectly smooth with no lumps or flour adhering to 
 the sides. The loaves should rise in the pans for from fifteen minutes to an 
 hour, much depending upon the temperature. Before it is entirely through 
 rising or when it has risen enough to seam or crack it should be placed in the 
 oven. Bread should ferment but twice as the third fermentation spoils it. 
 This may be remedied by adding a teaspoonful of soda for each four quarts of 
 flour but the bread will not be so good nor so healthful. Salt should always 
 be added to bread and biscuit but never salt sponge. A small quantity of 
 white sugar improves bread dough, providing the yeast is doubtful. Bread 
 should be mixed as soft as it can be handled but if " new process " flour 
 made from spring wheat is used the dough must be much harder than when 
 winter wheat is used. Try to get the loaves into the pans for the last rising 
 rather soft. Pans with high sides are the best for they keep the bread from 
 spreading apart or running over the sides. 
 
 To have good baking powder biscuit the dough must be kept so soft that 
 you can just get it into the pan. They must be baked quickly in a very hot 
 oven. Never roll the dough thinner than an inch. 
 
 BAKING. 
 
 A moderate, uniform heat is very necessary in baking bread. If the heat 
 is too great a hard_ crust is quickly formed before the bread has expanded 
 sufficiently and it will be heavy. If the bare hand and arm can be held in the 
 oven not longer than enough to count twenty moderately, it is hot enough. 
 Or, it may be tested by placing a small quantity of flour in the center of the 
 oven on an old piece of crockery ; if it browns in one minute the heat is right. 
 
 To tell when the bread is done break the loaves apart and press gently 
 with the finger ; if elastic, it is done, but if clammy, it needs to be returned to 
 the oven. Or the loaves may be tested with a broom splint. If nothing ad- 
 heres when it is withdrawn the bread is done. It generally takes from forty- 
 five minutes to an hour for the baking. As soon as removed from the oven 
 the loaves should be taken from the pans and the entire outside greased with 
 melted butter. They should then be tilted on edge to allow a free circulation 
 of air, though some have success by wrapping the bread with cloth as soon as 
 it is taken from the oven. Do not place warm bread next to wood or it will 
 have a bad taste. Lay a cloth upon the table and put the bread on that. Pans 
 should be greased very lightly for bread. If the bread is baked too hard wrap 
 it in a wet towel and cover with another dry towel. 
 
 Remember that yeast must never be used if sour ; the temperature where 
 
lOS THE PEOPLE'S HOME REClPE BOOK. 
 
 the bread is set to rise must hot be hot enough tb scald ; and the temperatttre 
 of the Overt must be moderate and uniform. 
 
 Heat the btead knife and ydU will preverit crumbling in cutting warm 
 bread. 
 
 RECIPES FOR MAKING YEAST. 
 
 1. Starter Yeast — In the evening boil enough potatoes 1;o make one pint 
 when mashed •^ery fine. Save potato, water and add enough more water to 
 make 3 pints, then add 1 tablespoonful salt and % cup sugar and 1 cake com- 
 pressed yeast, put in the potatoes a,nd stir well, cover and let rise over nighj:. 
 In the morning save 1 pint for. next baking of make fresh each time, as desired; 
 mix stiffer with flciur than with other yeast. 
 
 2. Potato Yeast. — In the morning, boil and mash three potatoes. Add i/4 
 cup of sugar and i;^ cup of flour and /|?^ tablespoonful of salt; stir well to- 
 gether. Pour over this mixture % pint of boiling water and stir it; then add 
 % pirit of cold water and stir that ; then % cup oi yeast and keep it in a warm 
 place. When it is risen well and rounds up to the top of the dish stir it 
 down. Do, so several times during the (day. Then it, may be strained and 
 put into a jar or, jug, ,and kept in a cool place. The bread made with tliis 
 may be made with milk. ,^ 
 
 3. B^er Yeast. — For 1 gallon of yeast, take 12 ipedium-size potatoes, 
 pare and boil them until done. With the water off these, scald 3 heaping 
 tablcgpoqtifuls^of flour, 3 tablespoonfuls qi sugar, and 3 scant tablespoonfuls 
 of salt, lyiix the potatoes, mashed, with this, then fill gallon with cold water. 
 When cold enough, add i cake of magic yeast. Let stand in cool place. Take 
 1 pint of mixture for 1 loaf of bread. 
 
 4. Hop Yeast.— Take 1 quart of hops, boiled and strained, 1 ciip of sugar, 
 i^ cup oi, salt, %, cup of lard, 2 large tablespoonfuls of ginger, 4 potatoes 
 boiled and mashed and enough yeast tb raise it. Let stand ovfer nigiit, then 
 mix enough flour and corn meal to make crumbly. 
 
 BAKING POWDERS. 
 
 1. Bilking; Powder.— FoUr ounces tartaric acid, 5 dunces bulk soda, 1 
 pint flour; sift all together fbUr times. 
 
 2. Baking Powder. — A scant pint of flbur, y^ pound of soda and 1 pound 
 of best cream of tai-tar. Sift togethei- eight times through a flour sieve. Fill 
 tin boxes and cover tightly. 
 
 Thfe lady sending this recipe say^ She h^s used it for years and that it 
 hfever fails. It is pui-e and the money you save will be a surprise to you. 
 
 3. Baking t'owdeh — Six dunces cream of tartar, 2% ounce bi-carbbndte 
 of sdda, 4% ounces bf floui". It is claimed this is tliie recipe from which is 
 made ohe of the mdst popular brands of baking pbwdcr On the market. 
 
 l^READ RECIPES. 
 
 1. Biread. — Cook potatoes enough to make one cup wen maShed; use 
 the watei- the pdtatdes were boiled in and add enough lukewarm water to 
 make three pints; add ohe tablespoonful of salt and Dnfe tablespoonful of 
 sugir, diie-half cup of liquid yeast and thicken quite siiiff with flblir. Let 
 Bpottge rise all night in watm place ; in the morning add flour enough id mik^ 
 stiff. Put in a warrrj place uiitil light. Knead into loaves, using sdinfe lard 
 on the rnolding bdai-d but ho fiotir; Let risfe and bake. 
 
BREAD MAKING. 109 
 
 3. Whole Wheat Bread. — In the evening boil enough potatoes to make 
 one pint when mashed fine. Save thrpe pints potato water 9-nd add to }t |:he 
 potatoes, one-half cup sugar and one tablespoonful of salt ; add one c^kp com- 
 pressed yeast, stjr well and let rise over night. In the niorning add enough 
 warm water to make required nuniber of loaves; add a little more sa}t and 
 a little lard. Stiffen with whole wheat flour and add abofjt j;wo quarts white 
 flour, work down twice, then mould into loaves, let rise and )^ake one hpqr. 
 
 3. Entire Wheat Bread. — Sift some salt and three te^spponfjils balding 
 powder with three cups entire wheat flour, then add two cups i^ilk and a scant 
 one-quarter cup of molasses. 
 
 4. Salt Rising Bread- — In the evening take three tablpspqpnful^ of corn- 
 meal, one-half spoonful of sugar, one-half §popnful of sal}:, one-half of a 
 raw potato scraped fine, and scald with enough water tP niake qwjte a thin 
 mush ; set in a warrn place until morning ; then take ^ pint of fJpur, onp-half 
 teaspoonful of salt, and enough lukewarm water to make a thick batter ; then 
 add the mush made the night before, and stir briskly for a minu);^ or two. 
 Set in warm place ; when light, §tir down and Jet rise a sppqi^d tipie. When 
 risen, put four or five quarts of flour in a bread hpw}, n^alje ^ hole jn the 
 center,' and pour in three pints of warm water. Then a4d your rising '> kpp.^d, 
 and when light mix in loaves. When risen tp tpp of pan, J^ajcg. This \yiJJ 
 make three loaves. 
 
 §. Oatnieal Bread. — ScaJd one cup of rolled oats -jyith one pjfjt of water 
 and let stand until lukewarm ; add to this a little salt, one-half cup of Orjeans ' 
 molasses and one-half cake of compressed yeast, which has been pfeviqtjsly 
 dissolved in one teacup of lukewarm water. Add enough white f|pur to malfe 
 a stiff dough and knead thProughly. Lpt stand ovpr night an4 the i^rst fhing 
 in the morning cut and slash with a knife until the dough is freed from air; 
 svhen risen again> form into two loaves, p}ace in bajfing pan and }et rise until 
 the size is abont double, and then bake. 
 
 6. Spinsters Bread. — Two eggs, one quart of flour, two tablesppopfuls 
 of shortening, pnp teaspoonful of salt, one teacupful of yeast sponge, onp cup 
 of sweet milk. Mix into a soft dough, let rise; mould jntp |paves, let rise 
 until light, then bake. 
 
 7. " Hotel Berry " igrovyn Bread. — ysp onp and one-half pints qf bnt^er- 
 milk, one-half pint of mplasses, two teaspoonfuls of soda, pne {;ablfespoonful of 
 lard and enongh Graham flour tp piake a batter that will just drop from a 
 spoon. Put in a very hot pan SPd bake in a hot oven. 
 
 Those who have stopped at the Hotel Berry at Athens, Qhio, have eaten 
 this delicious brown bread. We are exceedingly fortunate in secnring this 
 recipe. 
 
 8. Boston Brown Bread. — Two pups of Graham flour, 3 cupg of white 
 flour, 1 cup of corn meal, 1 tablespoonful of butter, 2 eggs, 1 cup of molasses, 
 1 box of raisins, J large spppnfuj of sjigar, 2|4 cups of bnttermilk, 2 teaspoon- 
 fjils of soda. This rpcipe comes from thp Mercer Sanitarium. 
 
 9. Old Fashipned Brpwn Bread. — Put 1 pint of yellow corn meaj in a 
 mixing bowl and spaJd it with just enough boiling watpr to moisten it. Let 
 this stand about 10 n^inutes, thpn add enough cold water to make a soft 
 batter. When lukewarm add % cup molasses, i/^ cup liquic| yeast, 1 tea- 
 spoonful soda, 1/^ teaspoonful salt and 1 pint warm flonr. Stir well and let 
 rise over night. Next mprning stir it down again and put iijtp well greased 
 tins to rise. Bake in a moderate oven 3 hours. 
 
no THE p:5ople'S home recipe book. 
 
 10. Steamed Brown Bread. — One cup of corn meal, 1 cup of flour, 2 
 cups of graham flour, 2 eggs, 1 cup of molasses, 1 teaspoonful of soda. Wet 
 this mixture with sweet milk to make a thin batter, steam 3 hours. 
 
 11. Graham Bread. — One cup of potato yeast sponge, 3 (iron) table- 
 spoonfuls of molasses, 1 tablespoonful of butter, 1 teaspoonful of salt, 1% 
 cups of graham flour, 1% cups of white flour. Stir well together at night; 
 let stand until morning, or until light and then put in a pan and let rise 
 again ; then bake 45 minutes. 
 
 12. Raised Graham Bread. — ^To 3 piiits of /ight bread sponge add Yz 
 cup melted butter or lard, 2 tablespoonfuls sugar and enough graham flour 
 to make a thick batter. Put into small greased tins, let rise and bake slowly. 
 This is enough for three loaves. 
 
 13. Steamed Graham Bread. — ^To 2 cups of buttermilk add 2 large table- 
 spoonfuls sugar, 1 teaspoonful soda, 3 cups flour and a pinch of salt; &team 
 1% hours and bake until light brown. If wished, a little less graham flour 
 may be used, and a little white flour added. 
 
 14. Corn Bread. — One tablespoonful of sugar, 1 egg, 1 teaspoonful of 
 salt, 1 tablespoonful of melted butter or lard, 2 cups of buttermilk, 1 level 
 teaspoonful of soda dissolved in a little of the" milk; % cup of flour. Thicken 
 with meal and bake in a greased pan. 
 
 15. Katahdin Corn Bread. — One and one-half cups of sweet milk, 1 or ? 
 eggs, 3 scant cups of flour, 1^4 cups of cornmeal (granulated) ; 1 large spoon- 
 ful of granulated sugar, 3 heaping teaspoonfuls of baking powder, 1% tea- 
 spoonfuls of salt, 4 tablespoonfuls of melted butter. Beat egg well, stir in the 
 milk; sift flour, baking powder, meal, salt and sugar together, and stir 
 slowly in egg and milk; add melted butter and beat well. Bake % hour in 
 hot oven. 
 
 16. Fried Bread. — Cut dry bread into small pieces and moisten with a 
 little hot water. Take 4 eggs for about 3 pints of bread. Beat eggs and stir 
 in bread. Fry in butter or lard. Very nice when eaten with syrup. 
 
 17. Currant Bread. — Take bread dough when ready for pans. For each 
 loaf wanted take % box of currants, 1 cup of sugar and lard the size of an 
 egg. Use more flour if needed to make stiff. Mix into loaves and let rise 
 until light. Bake in a slow oven from 1 to 1^ hours. 
 
 18. Cornish Bread. — One cup of sugar and 1 tablespoonful of lard ; pour 
 a cup of boiling water over a pinch of saffron and when a little cool strain and 
 pour into the bread sponge ; wash % cup of currants and add to the mixture ; 
 make as other bread. This is for four loaves. 
 
 19. Gingerbread. — One cup molasses, 1 cup butter or % cup each of 
 butter and lard, 1 cup sour milk, 1 good teaspoonful of soda or a little more, 
 
 1 teaspoonful ginger, 1 egg, flour enough to make a nice batter; bake in a 
 quick oven. 
 
 20. Soft Gingerbread. — One cup of sour milk to 3 cups of sugar, 1 cup 
 molasses, 2 teaspoonfuls of cinnamon, 1 teaspoonful of ginger, 1 teaspoonful of 
 baking soda, 1 tablespoonful of vinegar, 2 tablespoonfuls of lard, pinch of salt, 
 
 2 cups of flour ; mix- molasses, sugar and milk ; sift flour and spices together ; 
 dissolve soda in vinegar; stir the lard in boiling hot at the last. 
 
 21. Eggless Gingerbread. — One-half cup of brown sugar, V/z cups of 
 molasses, 1/2 cup sweet milk, % cup butter, one teaspoonful soda, 1 teaspoon- 
 ful allspice, % teaspoonful of ginger, 3 cups of flour. 
 
LIGHT BREADS, ETC. Ill 
 
 LIGHT BREADS. 
 
 (Including Rolls, Biscuits, Sandwiches, Cookies, Fritters, Doughnuts, Gems, 
 Muffins, Waffles, Corn Cake, Buns, Dumplings, Crullers, Jumbles, Toasts, 
 Crackers, Rusks, Scotch Scones, Griddle Cakes, Etc.) 
 
 "O, weary mothers mixing dough. 
 Don't you wish that food would grow? 
 Your lips would smile I know to see 
 A cookie bush or a pancake tree." 
 
 ROLLS. 
 
 1. Rolls. — Scald 1 pint of sweet milk and stir into it a lump of butter 
 the size of an egg, and 14 cup of sugar; when cool stir into this two quarts 
 of flour, a small cup of good yeast and 1 teaspoonful of salt, and set to rise 
 over night or until it is very light; then knead and let rise again; cut the 
 rolls y<>, inch thick; shape round; spread over each a little melted butter and 
 double over so the roll is a half circle. Place close in the pan; let rise again 
 very light and bake. 
 
 2. Parker House Rolls. — Scald 1 pint of milk and when lukewarm put 
 in V^ cup of butter or lard, % cup of sugar, and 1% teaspoonfuls of salt. 
 When cool, thicken as bread sponge and put in % of a cake of yeast. Let 
 rise over night ; then mix but do not make it as thick as bread dough ; let rise 
 again ; then knead and roll in sheets ; cut with biscuit cutter ; butter the sur- 
 face and fold; let rise and bake. 
 
 3. Astor House Rolls. — One pint of sweet milk boiled, and while still 
 warm put- in a lump of butter the size of an egg, a little salt, two tablespoon- 
 fuls of sugar and % cake of compressed yeast ; when light mold 15 minutes, 
 let rise again, roll out and cut in round cakes; spread each half with butter 
 and fold over on the other half ; put into pans and when light bake in a quick 
 oven. 
 
 4. Cinnamon Roll. — Take a small loaf of light bread dough, 1 table- 
 spoonful of lard, sweeten, roll thin, spread with butter, sprinkle with sugar 
 and cinnamon, and roll up in loaf; when light, glaze with beaten &^g. Bake 
 in a moderate oven. 
 
 5. French Rolls, — Rub 3 ounces of butter and the well-beaten whites of 
 three eggs into one pound of flour; add a tablespoonful of good yeast, a Httle 
 salt and enough milk to make a stiff dough; cover and set in a warm place 
 till light; cut into rolls and dip the edges into melted butter to keep them^ 
 from sticking. Bake in a quick oven. 
 
 BISCUITS. 
 
 " Keen appetites and quick digestion wait on you and yours.'' 
 
 1. Soda Biscuit. — Sift a levei teaspoonful of soda and l^ teaspoonful of 
 salt with 1 quart of flour and rub into it a piece of lard about the size of a 
 small &g% and then add a pint of sour milk. Bake in a quick oven. 
 
 2. Breakfast Biscuit. — Take 1 pint of sweet milk, 14 cup melted lard or 
 butter, a little salt, 1 tablespoonful baking powder and flour enough for a 
 stiff batter. Drop from the spoon into greased tin and bake in a hot oven. 
 
112 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 3. Southern Beaten Biscuit. — One quart of flour, a pinch of soda the 
 size of a pea, % cup of sweet milk, % cup of ice water, 1 teaspoonful of salt, 
 2 heaping tablespoonfuls of lard ; mix to a stiff dough and beat until it blisters 
 and pbps. The success depends upon the length df time it is beaten. 
 
 4. Bakiilg Powder Biscuit. — One qiiart of flotif, 1 teaspdoriful of salt and 
 two teaspoonfuls of baking powder sifted together, 1 tablespoonful of lard, 
 thoroughly rubbed into the flour. Mix as soft as can be handled, with sweet 
 milk. Roll into sheets % of an iflch thick; cUt with small biscuit cutter and 
 bake in hot oven about 15 minutes. 
 
 SANDWICHES. 
 
 " Bad dinners go hand in hand with total depravity, while a properly fed man is 
 
 already half saved." 
 
 1. Ham Sandwiches. — Put 2 small pickles and 1 pound of cold bdiled 
 hatn thrbtigh a meat cutter; add a dash of pepper, a tablespobnful of mi*ed 
 mustard and 2 ta;blespoonfuls of melted butter; niix thoroughly, sprfead on 
 thin slices of buttered brteaa, lay over tofj slices arid cut into squares of fancy 
 shapes. 
 
 2. Chicken Sandwiches. — Take the meat of one well cooked and sea- 
 soned chicken and chop it very fine. Melt 2 tablespboiifuls of butter in a 
 frying pari or skillet and when it begins to bubble add 2 tablespoonfiils of flour, 
 stir and cook — not brown ; then add S cups df sweet riiilk. After stitfirig until 
 smooth and hot, add the chicken and ^ tablespoonful of curry powder and 
 2 dashes df paiprika (quantity depending on size of chickfen). After all is 
 well warmed, set aside to cool, then spread thick on a slice of buttered bread ; 
 over this sjjfinklfe a teasjjoonfril of finely thoppied nuts, then lay ori top 
 andthef slice of bread. 
 
 3. A^pie and Celery SandMches.^Chop vefy fine % ddzen df the sniall 
 inside stalks of celery and 2 large tart apples and sprinkle lightly with silt 
 and then sprfead between thinly cut slices of buttered bread. 
 
 4. Club Sandwiches. — Cut three thin slices of bread and then toast artd 
 butter therii ; place i Ifettuce leaf on the lower slicfe, on top tif this a piece of 
 borieless cooked chicken, wfell seasdned; then aridthet slice of buttered td^st; 
 on top of that another lettucfe leaf, tofiped with thin slices of hot bi-^ftkfast 
 bacon, and on this the third slice of toast; on top of this last slite of bread 
 lay strips df pickle clit lengthwise ; the bread arid bacon should both be; hot. 
 
 5. Niit Sairidwiches. — Take Sdttie fchopped, roasted arid salted peandis ; 
 riiix with rriaydrinaise, to' spfead easily; df, very firifely chopped English Wal- 
 nuts may be used irisiead of the peanuts. Spread dri buttered wholfe wheat 
 bread. 
 
 6. Sweet Sandwiches. — Blanch and chop very fine 1 lb. of almonds and 
 add 1 tablespoonful of orange flower water or rose water, the beaten white 
 of an egg, 1 tablespoonful of sugar. Mix dnd spread on buttered bread. 
 
 7. Salmon Sandwiches. — Chop fine a bit of salmon and sliced cucum- 
 ber pickle, pbiir a little meltfed butter dver it, dust with paprika and salt and 
 spread on buttered bread. 
 
 8. Nut and Cheese Sandwich. — Take equal parts of English walnuts 
 (pounded to a mccil) and grated cheese and rtioisten with thick cream. Sea- 
 son td taste and sptead ori bread. 
 
 9. Prehch Sandwiches. — Mash 2 hard boiled eggs very fine to a paste ; 
 
LtGtlT BREADS, ETC. 113 
 
 add 1 Neufchatel cheese and iiiash togethief ; then add a daSh of cayeniie 
 pepper, a tablespoonful of onion juice and 3 Spanish peppers. 
 
 10. Piiiletitos. — Make the followifig riiayoflhaise dressing: 1 tgg, well 
 beateri; add stigaf and salt to' taste; a lunip of buttei-, 1 tablespobnfill of flour 
 and sdme vinegar ; boil until it thickens ; then beat and wheii cold add a 
 little sweet cream. Cut the pimentos in small bits, add mdyOnnaise and mix 
 all together and spread, on buttered, bread. Cut in any form desired. 
 
 11. Egg Sandxviches. — Grite hard boiled eggs upori two slices of but- 
 tei-ed bread, sprinklfe with pepper and salt and put the two slices cf bread 
 tdgfether. 
 
 COOKIES. 
 
 Now good digestion wait on appetite, and liealth on both. — ShakespSai e. 
 
 1. Crisp Chocolate Cookies. — Two cups of sugar, 1 cup of butter, 1 egg, 
 1 cup of sour cream, 1 teaspoonful of soda ; mix with flour in soft dough ; add 
 either cdcoa or chdcolate, according to taste. Roll thin aiid bake in mod- 
 erate oven. 
 
 2. Fruit Cookies. — Beat three eggs, light ; add 1% cups of sugar, 1 cup 
 of butter, 1 cup of molasses, 1 cup of sweet milk, 2 teaspoonfuls of soda, 1 
 teaspoonful each of ginger, cloves and cinnamon, 1 cup of seeded raisins and 
 flour enough to make a stiff doiigh. 
 
 3. Crumb Cakes. — Take three-fourths pint of lard, a pinch of salt, 1 
 pint of sugar, a little cinnamon, 3 pints of cake crumbs, 1 pint of Orleans 
 molasses, 1 pint of cold water, 1 teaspoonful of soda and enough flour to roll. 
 
 4. Taylbr Cakes. — One ciip of sugar, 1 cup of molasses, 1 cup of sour 
 cream, 1 te^spoonftil of soda, butter the size of an egg, 3 eggs, spices to 
 taste, 4 cups of floUr ; drdp on pdn with spoon ; sprinkle with sugar and bake. 
 
 5. Ginget Drop Cakes. — Take one cup each of molasses, sugar, short- 
 ening and sour milk; 3 eggs; 1 teaspoonful each of soda, ginger, cinnamon 
 and cloves; flour enotigh to makfe a stiff batter. Bake in gem pans. 
 
 6. Mother's Cataway Cookies. — Two cups of sugar, 1 cup of butter, 4 
 tablespoonfuls of milk, 1 kgg, 1 teaspoon very full of soda dissolved in 3 
 spoonfuls of milk. Add a handful of caraway seed. Knead hard as possible ; 
 roll thin and bake. Good without the caraway and will keep a month if the 
 children will consent. 
 
 7. Oatmeal Cookies. — One cup* of shortening, lard and butter ; 2 eggs ; 
 lYs cups of sugar; 1 teaspoonful of soda dissolved in a little water, just 
 enough to dissolve the soda; 1 teaspoonful of cinnamon; 6 tablespoonfuls of 
 sweet milk ; 1 cup of seeded raisins, chopped ; 3 cups of oatmeal, or rolled oats ; 
 1 cup of flour, or enough to make a soft dough. 
 
 8. Scotch Cookies. — Beat 1 cup of butter with 2 cups of sugar ; add % 
 cup of milk in which has been dissolved 1 teaspoonful of soda ; beat 2 eggs — 
 whites and yolks — separately ; mix 2 teaspoonfuls of cream of tartar with % 
 lb. of flour, 1 teaspoonful of powdered cinnamon; mix together, adding more 
 flour from time to time; roll and bake quickly. 
 
 9. Nut Cookies. — Six tablespoonfuls of melted butter, 8 tablespoonfuls 
 of sugSr, 4 tablespoonfuls of milk, 2 eggs, 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, 
 and flour to thicken. Stir the butter into the sugar ; beat eggs light, and add 
 them to butter and sugar; stir well; then add milk. Sift the powder with a 
 
 2—8 
 
114 THE, PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 little of the flour and then add a good glass of nut meats ; add enough flour to 
 roll well. 
 
 10. Hermits. — Take one and one-half cups of brown sugar, 1 cup of 
 butter, 1 cup of chopped raisins, 1 cup of chopped nuts, 1 teaspoonful of cinna- 
 mon and 1 teaspoonful of soda dissolved in ^ cup of hot water. Then flour 
 enough to mix like fruit cake. Drop in buttered pans and bake in moderate' 
 oven. 
 
 11. Molasses Cookies. — One cup of molasses, 1 teaspoonful of soda 
 beaten in 3 cups of sugar, 1 cup of butter, % cup of sour cream, 3 well beaten 
 eggs, 1 teaspoonful of ginger, 1 teaspoonful of cinnamon, % teaspoonful of 
 salt, and flour to make soft dough ; bake in a quick oven. 
 
 12. Drop Ginger Cakes. — Take one cup of sugar, 3 cups of flour, 1 cup 
 of molasses, 1 cup of boiling water, % cup of butter, 2 eggs, li/^ teaspoonfuls 
 of soda, 1 teaspoonful of ginger, % teaspoonful of cinnamon, and a little 
 grated nutmeg. 
 
 13. Ginger Snaps. — One cup each of sugar, molasses and butter, boiled 
 together; when cool add 1 egg, 1 teaspoonful each of ginger, cinnamon and 
 soda ; flour to make a soft dough ; roll very thin and bake in a quick oven. 
 
 14. Ginger Cookies. — (Without eggs or butter.) One-half pint of warm 
 water, 1 pint of molasses, 1 cup of lard, 1 scant tablespoonful of soda, 1 table- 
 spoonful of ginger, ^^ teaspoonful of baking powder, 1 cup of sugar ; put one- 
 half of the sugar in cookies and use rest to sprinkle on top before baking. 
 
 15. Boston Cookies. — Cream one cup of butter with 1^/2 cups of sugar, 
 add 3 eggs, dissolve 1 teaspoonful of soda in 1% tablespoonfuls of hot water 
 and add to the mixture; then to 3^ cups of flour add 1 teaspoonful of cinna- 
 mon, Vn teaspoonful salt; add part of flour to mixture, then 1 cup of chopped 
 walnuts, % cup of raisins and % cup of currants ; then add rest of flour ; drop 
 from a spoon on greased pan and bake in a moderate oven. 
 
 16. Lemon Drops. — One cup granulated sugar, 2 ounces or 1 table- 
 spoonful butter, % cup sweet milk, 2 cups flour, 3 eggs, a pinch of salt; 
 flavor with lemon and drop on buttered pan. 
 
 17. Rocks. — One cup of butter, 2 cups of brown sugar, 1 teaspoonful 
 of baking soda, % cup of hot water, 3 eggs beaten together, IV2 cups of raisins 
 or currants, IV2 cups of English walnuts, 3 cups of flour, 1 teaspoonful of 
 cinnamon; drop on pans and bake in quick oven. 
 
 18. Peanut Cookies. — One-half cup of lard, 2 cupfuls of brown sugar, 1 
 cup of milk, 3 eggs, 3 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, 1 cup of ground peanuts, 
 flour enough to make a good cake batter; roll thin; cut into cookies; bake 
 in quick oven. 
 
 19. Cream Cookies. — ^Two eggs, 1 cup sour cream, 1 cup butter, 2 cups 
 sugar, 3 level teaspoonfuls soda. 
 
 20. Lemon Cookies. — Two and one-half cups sugar, 1 cup lard, 1 tea- 
 spoonful salt, 1 pint milk, 5 cents worth oil of lemon, 3 cents worth bakers' 
 ammonia dissolved in the milk. Delicious. 
 
 21. Cornstarch Cookies. — Two teacups sugar, 1 teacup butter, 1 teacup 
 sour cream, 1 teacup cornstarch, 3 eggs, 1 teaspoonful soda, flour sufficient 
 to thicken ; drop from spoon on greased tins and bake. 
 
 22. Cookies. — Two eggs, 1 cup sour cream, 1 cup butter, 2 cups sugar, 
 3 teaspoonfuls soda, and sufficient flour to roll out.' 
 
 23. Oatmeal Macaroons. — Take 31/2 cups oatmeal, 1 cup brown sugar, 1 
 teaspoonful baking powder, 1 even teaspoonful butter, 1 teaspoonful vanilla, 
 
LIGHT BREADS, ETC 11? 
 
 2 eggs, beaten separately, putting in the well beaten whites last. Invert a 
 heated granite baking pan and with a fork drop the mixture on the bottom 
 about the size of a walnut and allow room to spread. Bake quickly in hot 
 oven. 
 
 34. Mince Crisp Cookies. — One cup butter, 3 cups sugar, 3 well-beaten 
 eggs, large spoonful of milk, 3 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, enough flour 
 to make quite stiff dough ; flavor with lemon or nutmeg. Brush tops with 
 milk and sugar. 
 
 25. Cookies (Mother B's). — Two eggs, 2 cups granulated sugar, % 
 cup butter, pinch of salt; mix; 1 teaspoonful soda in ^^ cup sour milk; add 
 flour to make a batter just thick enough to roll rather thin. 
 
 FRITTERS. 
 
 1. Potato Fritters. — One pint of boiled and mashed potato, % cup oi 
 not milk, 3 tablespoonfuls of butter, 3 spoonfuls of sugar, 3 eggs, 1 teaspoon- 
 ful of salt, a little nutmeg. Add the milk, butter, sugar and seasoning to the 
 mashed potato, and then add the eggs well beaten; stir until very smooth 
 and light, spread about ^2 inch deep on a buttered dish and set away to 
 cool; when cold, cut into squares, dip in beaten egg, and then in bread 
 crumbs, and fry brown in boiling fat; serve immediately. 
 
 3. Com Fritters. — One pint of cooked sweet corn, cut from cob, or 
 canned corn may be used, % cup sweet milk, 1 well beaten egg, 1 teaspoon- 
 ful of salt, 1 teaspoonful of sugar, 1 small cup of flour, 1 teaspoonful of baking 
 powder. Drop in hot lard or butter, and fry a nice brown. 
 
 3. Fried Cream Fritters. — One-half cup sugar, 1 quart sweet milk, 1 cup 
 flour ; take 1% pints of milk and put on stove with sugar ; wet the flour with the 
 remainder of milk, and cook until quite thick. Pour into jelly pans that 
 have been dipped in cold water, let stand until cold, then cut in 3-inch squares, 
 dip in egg, then in cracker crumbs, and fry in hot lard as for doughnuts, a 
 light brown. Serve hot with maple syrup. 
 
 4. Oyster Fritters. — Take as many oysters as you want fritters, and* 
 wipe them dry. Make a batter as follows : one egg, well beaten ; add to it 
 one cup of milk, % teaspoonful of salt, 1 pint of flour, and 1 heaping teaspoon- 
 ful of baking powdet. Dip oysters one by one m the batter and when the 
 fat is smoking hot, drop them in and fry brown. Serve hot. 
 
 5. Rice Cakes. — One large cup of boiling rice, 3 eggs beaten separately, 
 1 level tablespoonful sugar, a little salt; beat thoroughly, and drop from a 
 spoon into a well buttered hot skillet. 
 
 6. Com Fritters or Mock Oysters. — Grate the corn from % dozen ears 
 of sweet corn or cut it from the cobs and run through a vegetable chopper ; add 
 
 3 tablespoonfuls of sweet milk or cream, 1 teaspoonful salt, 1 egg, 1 teacup 
 flour. Drop in hot lard and brown both sides. Make the size of an oyster. 
 Make a plenty for they will all be eaten. 
 
 DOUGHNUTS. 
 
 "The true essentials of a feast are only fun and feed."— 0. W. Holmes. 
 1. Doughnuts. — 
 
 " One cup of sugar, one cup of milk. 
 Two e^s beaten fine as silk. 
 Salt and nutmeg (lemon will do). 
 Of bakifig powder teaspoons two, 
 
n6 THE PEOPLE'S HQLfE I^ECIPE BOOK 
 
 L'.ghtly stir tlie flour in, 
 
 Rol) on pie board not too thin; 
 
 Cut in diamonds, twist or rings, 
 
 t)rop with care the doughy things 
 
 Into fat that brisldy swells 
 
 Evenly the spongy cells; 
 
 Watch with care the time for turning, 
 
 Fry them brown just short of burning; 
 
 Roll in sugar, serve when cool. 
 
 Price a quarter for this rule." 
 
 — Hpsel A. Marquis. 
 
 2. Improved Fat for Frying Dp^jghnia^^, Crpquettes, ^^c. — Fry out care- 
 fully 2% lbs. of beef suet, add 1 lb. of fresh lard. After using, strain and put 
 in small bucket and cover; may be used a number of times. 
 
 3. Raised Doughniits. — Sc^ld 1 piijt pf milk and pot|r over 1/2 cup of 
 Jard and 1 cup of sugar. A4d 1 cup of yeast and flour to make a stiff j^atter 
 and let rise over night. In the mornifig ad4 1 egg arid wor|t in flour the 
 same as ipixing bread. Let the dough j'ise, cut but doughni^ts, rise again 
 and fry. 
 
 4. ^npw Balls. — Two eggs, 1 cup sugar, 4 tablespopnfuls milk, 1 tea- 
 spoonful cream of tartar, % teaspopnful soda, flour enough to roll intq bajls ; 
 fry ip hot lard, dip it: white of egg, and roll in fjne ^yhite sugar. 
 
 5. Fried Cakes. — One egg, 1 cup sug^r, 2 cups sour rfiilk, 1% };easpoon- 
 fuls lard, 2 teaspoonfuls soda. 
 
 6. Doughnuts (Fine). — Two pgg^, 1 cup sugar, 1 cup spur milk, gpod 
 pinch of iiutmeg, level teaspoonful soda in milk, butter almost as large as 
 walnut, pinch of salt, flour to roll % inpl^ thick. 
 
 GEMS. 
 
 1. Graham Gems. — One cup of sweet milk, 2 tablespoonfuls of melted 
 butter, 1 egg, 3 teaspoonfuls bakiiig powdpr, a little salt and 2^^ cups pf 
 graham flour. Bake slowly in gem pans. 
 
 2. Corn Gems. — One cup of corn meal, 2 cups of flour, 1 cup of sweet 
 milk, % cup pf sugar, % cup of butter, 2 eggs, 4 teaspoonfuls baking powder, 
 a pinch of salt. Bake in a quick oven. 
 
 3. Wheat Gems. — Three cups flour, 3 tablespoopfuls sugar, 3 teaspoon- 
 fuls baking powder ; stir well ; add 1 well-beaten egg, 4 tablespoonfuls melted 
 lard, iy2 cups of sweet milk or water. 
 
 MUFFINS. 
 
 1. Muffins. — Two eggs, a pipch of salt, 2 tablespoonfuls melted butter, 
 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder, 1 pup niills, enough flotji- to make a stiff dough ; 
 drop in muffin tins ; bake in quick oven. 
 
 ' 2. Corn Muffins. — ^One-half cup of butter or lard, 2 eggs, % cup of sugar, 
 1 cup of sweet milk, 2 cups of siftppl flour, 1 cup of corn meal, 4 teaspoonfuls 
 of baking powder, Yz teaSpoonful pf salt ; beat thoroughly and bake quickly. 
 
 WAFFLES. 
 
 1. Waffles. — Three eggs beaten separately, 1 quart of buttermilk, piece 
 of butter the size of a walnut, pinch of salt,'! teaspoonful of baking soda, 
 flour to thicken. Mix buttermilk, salt, melte4 butter and yolks; then add 
 
LIGHT BREADS, ETC. lit 
 
 soda which has been moistened with a little of the buttermilk ; then add flour, 
 and lastly the beaten whites. Bake in waffle irons. 
 
 CORN DODGERS— CORN PONE— CORN CAKE. 
 
 1. Corn Dodgers. — Place 2 cujjs of corn nieal in a bowl and pour over it 
 enough boiling water to scald and moisten it. Stii^ it while potaring the 
 water on; while hot add 1 tablesfjoonful of shortening; when cold add 1 
 beaten egg, 2 tablespoonfuls of milk and 1 teaspoonful of salt. Bake in gem' 
 pans or on the griddle. 
 
 3. Corn Cake.— Two eggs beaten light; add 1 cup sugar, % cup butter; 
 beat light ; add 1 cup milk ; sift together 2 cups cornmeal, 1 cup flour, 3 tea- 
 spoonfuls of baking powder and a small teaspoonful of salt; add to mixture 
 and bake in a moderate oven. 
 
 3. Corn Pone. — Two eggs, % cup of shortening, V^ cups of sugar, 1 
 cup of corn meal, 2 'teaspoonfuls biking powder and milk to make light cake 
 batter. Bake in slow oven. 
 
 BUNS. 
 
 1. CiUrrailt Buhs. — Beat 1 egg into a cup and fill with sweet milk ; mix 
 with it % cup of yeast, 1 cup of sugar, % cup of butter, enough flour to 
 make a soft dough. Let rise uiltil very light ; then mold currants into buns ; 
 let risfe a second time in pan; before baking glaze with a little molassfes or 
 sugar and milk. 
 
 2. Buns That Boys Like. — To about as much light bread dough as for 
 a loaf of bread, at the stage that it is light and ready for the pans, add % 
 cUp of lard or butter, % cup of sugar, 1 egg, % pint of warm water. Mix 
 all to a smooth paste ; thicken with flour ; let rise ; form into small biscuits ; 
 let rise and bake. This brings them just right for the evening meal ; if 
 wanted for midday dinner, use 1 quart of sponge in place of the dough. 
 
 DUMPLINGS. 
 
 1. Drop Dumplings. — One small cup of sweet milk or water, 1 egg, 1 
 tedspoonful of baking powder, flour enough to make drop batter. Very good 
 for meat stews of any kind. 
 
 2. Always Light Dumpling^. — To each cup of sifted flour, sift in 1 heap- 
 ing teaspoonful of baking powder ; salt to taste ; wet with cold vjater and drop 
 onto meat and bones ; cover the kettle and cook 20 minutes. 
 
 3. Chicken Dumplings. — One cup sweet milk, 1 egg well beaten, 1 pint 
 sifted flour, % teaspoonful of salt, 1 tablespoohful of baking powder; stir all 
 well together and drop the batter^ a spoonful at a time, into chicken or beef 
 broth jiist checked from boiling. Let boil 15 minutes. These dumplings 
 are very nice. 
 
 CRULLERS. 
 1. Crullers. — Dissolve 1 teaspoonful of soda in 4 tablespoonfuls of milk, 
 or leave out one of milk and substitute 1 of wine. Strain it into I/2 pint of 
 floUr and 4 tablespoonfuls bf melted butter or lard. Beat 4 eggs with 6 
 heaping tablespoonfuls of sugar; work them into the rest of the ingredients; 
 add flour to make stiff enough to rbll out, then cut and fry in hot lard ; flavor 
 with grated nutmeg. 
 
118 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 JUMBLES. 
 
 1. Jumbles. — One cup of butter, 2 cups of sugar, % cup of sour cream, 
 3 eggs, 1 teaspoonful of salt and a little nutmeg; flour to make soft dough. 
 Bake quickl)^. 
 
 3. Favorite Jumbles. — One cup of butter, 2 cups of sugar, 1 cup of 
 sweet milk, 4 cups of flour, 3 eggs and 3 teaspoonfuls of baking powder. Mix 
 thoroughly and drop on buttered tins with a large spoon; sprinkle with sugar 
 before baking. 
 
 TOASTS. 
 
 1. American Toast. — To 1 egg thoroughly beaten, add a little salt and 
 1 cup of sweet milk. Slice light bread and dip into the mixture, allowing 
 each slice to absorb some of the milk ; then brown on a hot buttered griddle. 
 Serve very hot. 
 
 2. Good Toast. — Spread thin slices of light bread with butter, then cover 
 with sugar; grate a little nutmeg and put a tablespoonful of cream on each 
 slice ; brown in the oven ; serve hot. i 
 
 3. Dry Beef Toast. — One-half cup chopped beef picked in fragments and 
 1 heaping tablespoonful butter; put in saucepan and when hot add 2 cups 
 sweet milk ; let it boil, then put in 3 well beaten eggs and pepper to taste. 
 Toast thin slices of bread, dip them in hot salted water, arrange on a platter 
 and pour over them the beef gravy. Horseradish may be served with this, 
 or apple jelly, or currant jam. 
 
 CRACKERS. 
 
 1. Graham Crackers. — Two teaspoonfuls of baking powder, % cup 
 brown sugar, % cup of shortening, 1 quart of graham flour, salt to taste. Wet 
 with milk; roll into thin cakes, using white flour for rolling out. 
 
 RUSKS. ~ 
 1. Children's Rusks. — Make soft sponge of 1 pint of milk, % cake of 
 compressed yeast dissolved in lukewarm water, and sifted flour. Let rise 
 over night. In the morning add % cup of melted butter, 1 teaspoonful of soda, 
 1 egg and a little salt. Flavor with cinnamon. Sift in flour enough to make a 
 firm dough. Mold into rolls, place in pans, let rise again and bake in a quick 
 oven. When done, dampen the tips slightly and sift on some powdered sugar. 
 
 SCOTCH SCONES AND APPLE KOKER. 
 
 1. Scotch Scones. — Sift together 1 quart of flour, ^4 teaspoonful of salt, 
 1 teaspoonful of sugar and 2 heaping teaspoonfuls of baking powder; rub in 
 1 large tablespoonful of butter, cold ; add 2 beaten eggs and nearly % pint of 
 sweet milk; mix into smooth dough; knead quickly and roll out to % of an 
 inch in thickness; cut out with knife into squares about the size of soda 
 crackers; fold each cornerwise, to form triangles; place in pan and brush 
 over with egg and milk ; bake 10 minutes in hot oven. 
 
 2. Apple Koker. — To 1 beaten egg add 1 cup of sweet milk and one 
 tablespoonful melted butter; thicken with 2 heaping cups flour with 2 tea- 
 spoonfuls baking powder; spread on pans; put quartered apples thick over 
 the top and sprinkle with sugar, cinnamon or nutmeg. Put on a few small 
 bits of butter and bake. Serve warm with cream. 
 
CAKE MAKING. 119 
 
 GRIDDLE CAKES. 
 
 1. Griddle Cakes. — One quart of sour milk, a pinch of salt, 1 egg, 1 
 teaspoonful soda and flour to make of right thickness. 
 
 2. Corn Meal Griddle Cakes. — Take one pint of either sour milk or but- 
 termilk, one pint of corn meal, one egg, one teaspoonful salt, one teaspoonful 
 soda. Bake on a griddle. 
 
 3. Graham Griddle Cakes. — Half a pint of corn meal, half a pint of flour, 
 one pint of Graham flour, one heaping teaspoonful sugar, half a teaspoonful 
 salt, one egg, one pint buttermilk, one teaspoonful soda. 
 
 4. Buckwheat Cakes. — One quart of lukewarm water, 3 tablespoonfuls 
 of flour, 3 tablespoonfuls of corn meal, 1 heaping teaspoonful of salt, % cake 
 of yeast or % cup of liquid yeast, and buckwheat to make a batter thin 
 enough to pour. Let rise over night; in the morning stir well and add 2 
 tablespoonfuls of molasses and % teaspoonful of soda dissolved in hot water ; 
 bake on hot griddle. Save enough batter to raise another mixing instead 
 of using new batter. 
 
 5. Egg Pancakes. — Two cups of flour, 1 teaspoonful of sugar, i/^ tea- 
 . spoonful of baking powder, 3 eggs well beaten, enough milk to make a thin 
 
 batter. Bake on a hot griddle. 
 
 6. Potato Cakes. — Two cups of cold mashed potatoes, % cup of flour, % 
 cup of milk, 3 eggs, 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, salt and pepper to 
 taste ; stir the beaten yolks and milk into the potato, then the flour and baking 
 powder sifted together; beat thoroughly, and lastly fold in the well beaten 
 whites ; bake on a well buttered griddle. 
 
 CAKE MAKING. 
 
 (Including Recipes and Directions for Making All Kinds of Cakes, Frostings, 
 
 Icings and Fillings.) 
 
 Aye, to the leavening, but here's yet in the word hereafter the kneading, the making 
 of the cake, the heating of the oven, and the baking. Nay, you must stay the cooling, 
 too, or you may chance to burn your mouth. — Shakespeare. 
 
 GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 ©nly the best of materials should be used for cake. The pans for baking 
 should be perfectly clean and free frt»m odor and should not be used for any 
 other purpose. 
 
 The butter should not be <aily but just soft enough to cream well with 
 sugar. In making white cake do not use colored butter for the coloring matter 
 will not disappear like the natural color does. If there is too much salt in 
 the butter it should be freshened by working it in cool water. Use only the 
 very best. 
 
 The sugar should generally be either powdered sugar or " coffee A." 
 If granulated sugar is used it should be very fine. Use pulverized sugar for 
 delicate cakes; coflfee-crushed, powdered and sifted for rich cakes; the best 
 brown sugars for dark cakes ; granulated and " coffee A " for fruit cakes and 
 jelly cakes. 
 
130 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 The eggs should be fresh and cold to beg.t well. In summer cool theiti 
 on ice or in cold water. Mariy of our best cooks think they get better results 
 by whipping with a fork or wire spoon than with a beater. Always beat the 
 eggs in an earthen vessel and never in tin ; a pinch of salt ,ad4ed makes them 
 come to a froth quicker. The whites and yolks should be beaten separately. 
 
 Most cooks grease the cake pans with fresh lard. If Jautter is used it 
 should not be too salty or the cake will stick. Cover the bottorns of the 
 pans with white or manilla paper. As soon as taken from the oven set the 
 pan upon a cloth wrung out of water for two or three minutes and the cake 
 will not stick when being taken from the pan. 
 
 Always cream the butter and sugar first, then add the yolks of eggs, milk, 
 and lastly the flour ai^d whites of eggs. 
 
 In mixing cake, dp not stir, but be^t it thoroughly, unless otherwise di- 
 rected, bringii^g the batter up from the bottopi of the dish with every stroke. 
 Use a long handled wooden spoon. An iron spoon turns the mixture black. 
 Never beat a cake in tin but use earthen or stone ware. 
 
 Rernember that sour milk and soda go together; and sweet milk and 
 baking powder go together ; and that baking powder combines the properties 
 of soda and cream of tartar and is always used alone. 
 
 To one quart of flour use 3% teaspopnfuls of baking powder. 
 
 To one quart of flour use 1 teaspoonful of soda and 3 teaspoonfuls of 
 cream of tartar. 
 
 Whpn molasses is used thp cake should always be baked }n a mo4erate ' 
 oven for the molasses makes it burn easily. 
 
 In cake making do not try to economize too much in materials as a cake 
 is often spoiled by some petty economy. 
 
 It is a bad thing to disturb a cake or even open the oven door for the first 
 ten minutes while baking or until the cake is " set," but if it is baking unevenly 
 it should be turned very gently, keeping the oven door open as short a time 
 as possible. Outside air affects tl^e baking and will make the cake fall. 
 
 Test with a broom splint or knitting needle. When the cake is done 
 none of the mixture will adhere. 
 
 If the oven bakes too fast on the bottorn, place the grate under the cake ; 
 if too hot on the top, set a pie pan of water on the top grate. 
 
 For baking sponge or pound cake, the oven should be hot enough to turn 
 a piece of white paper a riclj yellpw in 5 najnutes. For cookies, layer cakes 
 or cup cakes, the paper should turn a dark brown in 5 minutes. For baking 
 bread, throw a little flour on the bottoip of thp oven and if it browns quickly 
 without taking fire the heat is suffipient. For b^kjng puff paste; the heat 
 should be greatest first and decrease later. This is to keep the paste in shape. 
 When the oven is too hot the temperature may be reduced by placing a pan 
 of cold -vyater in it. After a cake is in, should tjie oven be found too hot so 
 that the cake jjrowns almost immediately, lift a lid off the stove and cover 
 the cake with a buttered paper. The cake ViH not be as nice as if it were 
 not browned so quickly bi;t this is all yqu can do. 
 
 Sprinkle a little flour over the top of a cake to prevent the icing from 
 running off. Pour on a small quantity of icing, spread jt over the cake with 
 a brocld knife, which dip frequently in hot water to keep if from stic)<jing. 
 Never try to ice a cake while hpt, and let layer cakes get nearly cold before 
 putting together. 
 
 Gingerbread should be baked with a moderate fire as it is easily ^uriie.d* 
 
CAKE MAKING. 121 
 
 Put only a little bf the dough on the board at once in making cookies. 
 It is more easily managed in this way. ' Cookies must bfe gotten into thfe pans 
 as soft as possible. 
 
 The fire should be fixed, the patis greased and everything in readiness 
 before the cake is mixed if baking powder is used for it effervesces but once 
 and there shotild be no delay in baking. The Cake should rise in the oven 
 atid not the mixing bowl. 
 
 Bread and cake pails made of sheet iron are better than those made of tin. 
 
 CAKE RECIPES. 
 
 1. Buttermilk Cake. — One-half cup of butter; 3 cups of brown sugar; 
 2 cups of buttermilk ; 1 lb. of Currants ; 1 lb. of raisins ; 1 lb. of citron. Use 
 one cup of flour in which to dredge the raisins; two level teaspooiifuls of 
 soda dissolved in milk ; cloves, nutmeg and cinnamon to taste and flour to 
 stiffen. Bake two hours. 
 
 2. Delicate Cake. — Two cups of sugar ; whites of 4 eggs ; 1/2 cup butter ; 
 1/4 cup sweet milk ; 3 cups flour ; 1 teaspoonful either soda or baking powder ; 
 2 teaspoonfuls of cream of tartar. Flavor with lemon. 
 
 3. Grandma's Cake. — Two cups of medium brown sugar, i/4 cup melted 
 butter beaten well with 2 eggs. When thoroughly beaten add a small cUp 
 of sour milk, 1 teaspoonful of baking soda, 3 cups of sifted flour and 1 tea- 
 spoonful of baking powder; 1 teaspoonful of vanilla; bake well in moderate 
 oven either in loaf or layers. If in layers use any filling desired. 
 
 4. Economical Cake.— One cup of sugar, 1 egg, % cup of milk^ 2 table- 
 spoonfuls of butter, 1 tablespoohful of baking powder, 2 cups of flour. 
 
 5. Caramel Cake. — Two eggs, 2 cups of brown sugar, y^ cup butter, i/^ 
 Clip of feour cream, 1 cup grdted chocolate, I/2 cup hot water, % teaspoonful 
 of soda, 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder ; mix chocolate atid hot water together, 
 then add soda and also 2y2 cups of flour. 
 
 6. Wedding Cake. — Five pounds sugat, 50 eggs, 5 lbs. flour^ 5 lbs. 
 butter, 15 lbs. raisins, 10 lbs. currants, 3 lbs. citron, 1 pint brandy, 4 ounces 
 nytmeg, 4 ounces mace, 1 ounce cinnamon, 14 ounce cloves; this will make 
 43 or 44 pounds, is unequalled and will keep 20 years. 
 
 7. , Sultana Cake. — One pound flour, % lb. butter, % lb. sugar, 8 large 
 eggs, 1 ib. Sultana raisins, juice and grated rind of a lemon, I/2 grated, nutmeg. 
 Beat butter and sugar to a cream, add flour, then yolks of eggs well beaten, 
 next flavoring, then raisins dredged with flour, laptly the whites of eggs 
 beaten very stiff. Bake one hour, and a half in a slow oven. 
 
 8. Taylor Cake — (A Fine Fruit Cake). — Seven eggs, 1% lbs. butter, 
 1 pint boiled cider, 7I/2 cups flour, 1 lb. currants, 2 lbs. raisins, % lb. citron, 14 
 lb. orange peel, 1 teaspoonful sOda, 1 teaspoonful cream of tartar, 1 teaspoon- 
 ful cloves, 3 nutmegs. 
 
 9. Fruit Cake. — One cup molasses, 2 cups brown sugar, 1 cup butter, 
 % ctip milk, 4 eggs, 4 cups flour, 3 cups stoned raisins, 3 cups currants, 1 cup 
 choppfed citron, 1 teaspoonful nutmeg, 1 teaspoonful ground cinnamon, % 
 teaspoonful cloves, 1 teaspoonful of soda and 2 of cream of tartar, or 3 of 
 bakihg powder. 
 
 10. Marble Cake. — White Part: — One cUp of white sugar, whites of 4 
 eggs, I/O cup of butter, % cup of sweet milk, 2 teaspoonfuls of baking pow- 
 der, 1 teaspoonful of lemon or vanilla and 314. cups of sifted flour. Dark 
 Part. — One cup of brown sugar, yolks of 4 eggs, % cup of molasses, y^ cup of 
 
122 THE PEOPLE'S HQME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 buttpr, %, cup of sour milk, 1 teaspoonful of ground cloves, 1 teaspoonful 
 ot mace, 1 teaspoonful of cinnamon, 1 grated nutmeg, 1 teaspoonful of soda 
 dissolved in a little milk and added after part 'of the flour is stirred in ; 1^ 
 cups of sifted flour. Drop a spoonful of the light then the dark, alternately, 
 into a well buttered cake pan. 
 
 11. Myrna Marble Cake. — White Part. — One cup of white sugar, whites 
 of 4 eggs, y^ cup of butter, i^ cup of sweet milk, 3 teaspoonfuls of baking 
 powder, 1 teaspoonful of lemon or vanilla, 2% • cups of sifted flour. Dark 
 Part. — One cup of brown sugar, yolks of 4 eggs, % cup of molasses, % c'lip 
 of butter, % cup of sour milk, add cloves, cinnamon or strawberry. One 
 teaspoonful of soda and 1% cups of flour. 
 
 12. Sponge Cake. — Three eggs beaten for 5 minutes, 1 cup of sugar, % 
 cup sweet milk, 1 teaspoonful of lemon, 2 cups flour, 2 teaspoonfuls of baking 
 powder ; bake slowly. 
 
 13. Angel Food. — One large tumbler of granulated sugar. % tumbler 
 of powdered sugar, 1 tumbler of sifted flour, whites of 11 eggs, 1 teaspoon- 
 ful of cream of tartar. Beat the eggs to a stiff froth; sift the sugar 4 times; 
 sift the cream of tartar through the flour 4 times; add the sugar to the 
 eggs slowly, as for frosting; add flour, stirring lightly and as little as pos- 
 sible; flavor with almond or vanilla. Bake in a deep unbuttered pan for % 
 of an hour. When done remove from oven and turn upside down, allowing 
 the edges of the pan to rest on some supports. When entirely cold remove 
 carefully from the pan. Much of your success depends upon the baking and 
 handling. « 
 
 14. Ice Cream Cake, — One-half cup of butter, \y% cups of powdered 
 sugar, % cup of milk, I/2 cup of cornstarch, 1% cups of flour, 2 level tea- 
 spoonfuls of baking powder, % teaspoonful vanilla, whites of 6 eggs ; beat the 
 butter to a cream, add gradually the sugar, then the milk alternately with 
 the flour to keep it from curdling. Stir in lightly the beaten whites of the 
 eggs the last thing before putting into the pans. Bake in moderate oven for 
 20 minutes. This mak6s 2 la3'ers. 
 
 15. Devil's Food. — Two cups of brown sugar, 2 eggs, % cup sweet milk, 
 % cup butter, 2 cups sifted flour, 1 teaspoonful o^ baking powder, 1 tea- 
 spoonful of soda, 1 cup grated chocolate, % cup brown sugar, % cup sweet 
 milk. Cook to thick crea^m, add 1 teaspoonful of vanilla and stir into the 
 batter hot. Bake in 2 layers in a moderate oven. 
 
 16. Devil Cake. — One small cake Baker's chocolate, 2 cups granulated 
 sugar, 1 cup butter, 1 cup buttermilk or sour milk, 3 cups sifted flour, 1 level 
 teaspoonful soda dissolved in hot water, 6 eggs beaten separately. Put choco- 
 late in bowl, set in boiling water and dissolve, add sugar and butter and beat 
 light ; add yolks of eggs, then milk and soda ; add flour and beaten whites Cif 
 eggs at once and beat till well mixed. Bake in layers and ice. 
 
 17. Jelly Roll.^— One cup sugar, 4 eggs, 1 cup flour, 1 teaspoonful baking 
 powder; beat well together. Bake in large shallow pan, spread with jelly 
 and roll while warm. 
 
 18. Quick Cake. — Three eggs, 2I/2 cups of flour, ^/^ cup butter, y^ cup 
 lard, 1 cup of milk, I cup of sugar, 4 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, 3 tea- 
 spoonfuls of vanilla. 
 
 19. One Egg Cake. — One tablespoonful of butter, one cup of sugar, 1 
 ^gg beaten, % cup milk, 1% cup flour, 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powdet 
 
CAKE MAKING. 123 
 
 20. Nut Cake. — One cup butter, 2 cups sugar, 4 eggs, 1 cup milk, 3 cups 
 flour, 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder, 1 cup nut kernels. 
 
 21. Plain Walnut Cake. — ^Two cups of flour, 1 teaspoonful of baking 
 powder, % cup butter, 1 cup sugar, 2 eggs, 1 cup milk ; beat all together and 
 add 1 cup chopped walnuts and 1 teaspoonful of vanilla. 
 
 22. Lemon Cake. — Two cups sugar, 1 cup butter, 7 egg&, II/2 pints of 
 flour, 1 teaspoonful baking powder, 1 . teaspoonful lemon extract. Rub the 
 butter and sugar to a light cream ;-ad?i the eggs two at a time, beating 5 
 minutes. After each addition add the flour sifted with the powder and the 
 extract mixed into a medium batter. Bake 40 minutes in paper lined tin in 
 4ioderate oven. 
 
 23. Ribbon Cake. — Two cups sugar, I/2 cup butter, 4 eggs, 1 cup milk, 
 3% cups flour, spices, 3 level teaspoonfuls baking powder, % lb. finely chopped 
 figs, % cup raisins stoned and cut into pieces, 1 tablespoonful of molasses. 
 Cream the butter, add gi-adually the sugar and well beaten egg yolks, then 
 the milk. Sift the baking powder and flour together thoroughljr, then add 
 the egg whites beaten to a stiff froth. Bake one-half of the mixture in a 
 layer cake pan. To the remainder add the fruit, molasses and spices to taste. 
 Bake and put the layers together with icing. 
 
 24. Gold and Silver Cake. — One cup of white sugar, yolks of 4 eggs well 
 beaten, y^ cup of butter, % cup of milk, 2 cups of flour, 1 tablespoonful of 
 baking powder. Same for the silver, except use the whites of eggs. 
 
 25. White Mountain Cake. — Three-fourths cup of butter, 2 cups sugar, 
 whites of 7 eggs, 1 cup cornstarch, 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder, 2 cups 
 flour. 
 
 Filling. — One-half cup cold water, 2 cups sugar ; boil until it threads, then 
 beat into the whites of two eggs; flavor with vanilla. 
 
 26. Hickory Nut Cake. — One cup of chopped nuts, % cup butter, 3 eggs, 
 1% cups sugar, 1 cup milk, 3 cups flour ; cream the sugar and butter and then 
 add milk, then yolks of eggs, well beaten, then flour well sifted with heaping 
 teaspoonful of baking powder, then nuts and whites of eggs well beaten. 
 
 27. Lemon Jelly Cake. — Four tablespoonfuls of butter, 2 cups of coffee 
 sugar, 4 eggs, leaving white of one for frosting; beat whites of the eggs 
 separately; mix yolks with butter and sugar; add whites last after flour is 
 added ; 1 cup of milk, 3% cups of flour, 2 teaspoonfu . of baking powder mixed 
 with flour, 1 teaspoonful of lemon extract. 
 
 Filling. — One ^%Z, 1 cup of sugar, juice and grated rind of one lemon, 
 1 tables'poonful of water, 1 teaspoonful of flour. Boil till it thickens; when 
 cool, spread between layers. 
 
 38. Prince of Wales Cake. — White Part. — One-half cup sugar, % cup 
 butter, % cup sweet milk, 2 cups flour, 1 teaspoonful vanilla, 2 teaspoonfuls 
 baking powder, whites of 3 eggs. Dark Part. — One-half cup butter, 1 cup 
 brown sugar, yolks of 3 eggs, 1/2 cup sour milk, 2 cups flour, 1 tablespoonful 
 molasses, y^ teaspoonful cloves, 1 teaspoonful cinnamon, 1 teaspoonful nut- 
 meg, 1 teaspoonful soda dissolved in warm water, 1 cup raisins; bake each 
 portion in two layers and use white boiled icing. 
 
 Icing. — One-half cup water, \y^ cups sugar; cook until it threads, then 
 stir until it is smooth. 
 
 29. Angel Cake. — One and a half tumblers of pulverized sugar, whites 
 of 11 eggs, 1 tumbler of flour, 1 teaspoonful cream of tartar, 1 teaspoonful 
 vanilla ; sift flour and cream of tartar three times ; sift sugar once ; then sift 
 
124 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 flour and sugar together three times. Beat thp pggs to a stiff froth, thei| very 
 lightly add sugar and flowr- Bake at once in ^ sjow oven, 4P niinutg§. TjlfP 
 the pan upside down tP cool. Dq not grease the tin. 
 
 30. i^nna's Cup Cake. — Qne-half cup of sweet milk, % cup of buttpr. 3 
 eggs, 1 cup of sugar, 2 cupg of flour, 3 teaspoonfuls of baking povtr4er. Can 
 use this for many kinds of cake, with or without fruit, with dififerpnt kinds 
 of flavoring and different l$;inds of filliiig; bakg in loaf pr layer, or in p^tty 
 pans. 
 
 31. Chocolate Cafee. — One cup of sour rpilk, 1 cup of molasges, ^ cup 
 of butter or lard, yolks of two gggs, 3 cups of flour. 
 
 Frosting. — One square of chocolate, 1 cup of sugar, white pf pnp egg, 1 
 teaspoonful of vanilla. 
 
 33. Cornstarch Lpaf Cake.— Three-fourths cup of butter, 1% cups of 
 sugar, 1 cup of sweet mill^, 3 eggs, or whites of four, 3 teaspoonfuls baking 
 powder, % cup of cornstarch, enough flouf to m^ke a moderately stiff ti^ttpf ; 
 flavor to suit ta.ste. 
 
 33. Centennial Gakp.— One cup of butter, 2 cups of stfgar, 1 cup sweet 
 milk, 4 cups flour, 3 heaping teaspoonfuls baking ponder, 5 eggs ; beat tjig 
 whites separately and add the last thing before baking; fj^vpr tp stfjt. 
 
 34. Cocoa Cakes. — Cream '% cup of bwtter; a44 Vi Pup of cocoa, the 
 beaten yolks of three eggs, 1 cup sugar, 1 teaspoonful pinnamon, % cup of 
 water, then the beaten whites of 3 eggs, Ji^ cups of flqjjr, ^nd 3 teaspoonful? 
 of baking powder. Bake in gem pans. 
 
 35. Delicate Cocoanut Cake.-r-One-half cup of butter, pne cup of sugaf, 
 whites oi 3 eggs, ^/^ cup of sweet milk, 2 ,cups of flour, 2 teaspoonfuls of 
 baking powder; bake in a long pan; make boiled icing and stir in one large 
 cup of cocoanut ; spread thickly on top of cake, sprinkling fresh grated cocoft- 
 nut on top. 
 
 36. Crumb Cake. — Three cups of flour, 1% cups of sugar, % cup of 
 butter or lard ; mix sugar, flour and butter together and take put i/^ cup for 
 crumbs ; into the balance put 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, % cup of 
 milk and 1 egg; flavor with nutmeg; make put in two loavps ^nd sprinkle 
 crumbs over the top and bake. Better when eaten warm. 
 
 37. Cheap Cake. — One-half cup of butter, 1 cup of sugar, % cup of swpet 
 milk, 3 eggs, saving out the white of one for icing ; 2 teaspoonfuls of baking 
 powder, and flour enough to make thick but not stiff. This can be baked in a 
 square loaf and cut in squares. 
 
 38. Coffee Cake. — One cup of melted butter, 2 cups of brown sugar, 1 cup 
 of strong coffee, 4 cups of flour, 3 eggs, 1 teaspoonful of cloves, cinnamon 
 and nutmeg; 1 cup of raisins, boiled and seeded; 3 heaping teaspoonfuls of 
 baking poyvder, 
 
 39. Clara Follett's Cake. — Cream half a cup of butter; add l^ cup of 
 cpcoa, the beaten yolks of 3 eggs, 1 teaspoonful of cinnamon, 1 cup of suga^, 
 and % cup of water, then the beaten whites of eggs and ll^ cups pf flbu- 
 with 3 heaping teaspoonfuls of baking powder. 
 
 40. Frenph Cake. — One cup of milk, ly^ cups of sugar, 3 cups of flour, 
 4 tablespoonfuls of butter, 2 eggs, % teaspoonful of soda, 1% teaspoonfuls of 
 cream of tartar ; flavor according to taste. Put the soda in the milk, and the 
 cream of tkrtar'in the flour. 
 
 41. Feather Cake. — Cream 1 tablespoonful of butter ; add 1 cup of sugar, 
 
CAKE MAKING. i35 
 
 then 1 egg well beaten, l^/^ cuf)s of flour, % cup of sweet milk ; beat well ; 
 add 2 level teaspoonfuls of baking powder. Bake 20 minutes. 
 
 43. Gospel Cake. — Three and one-half cups 6i flour, (1st Kings 4-33) ; 1 
 cup of butter (Judges 5-35) ; 3 cups of sugar (Jeremiah 6-30) ; 3 cups of 
 raisins (1st Sam. 30-13) ; 1 cup of water (Genfesis 24-17) ; 1 cup of almonds 
 (Genesis 43-11) ; 6 eggs (Isaiah 10-l4) ; 1 tablespooilful of honey (Exodus 15- 
 31) ; a pinch of salt (Leviticus 3-13) ; 3 eg:gs (yolks) ; 1 pint of rhilk; sjjices, 
 
 2 tablespdonfuls. Follow Salomon's advice for making gobd boys and you 
 will have a good cake. (Prov. 12-14.) 
 
 43. Silver Cake. — One cup of milk, whites of 6 eggs, 3 cups of sugar, % 
 cup of butter, 4 cUps of floiir, % teaspoonful salt, 3 teaspoonfuls baking pow- 
 der, 1 teaspoonful almond extract; cream the sugar and butter; then add al- 
 ternately the milk and flour, having sifted the flour, baking powder and salt 
 well together ; then add extract and the well bfeaten whites of eggs ; beat wfell 
 and bake in Idai pan-in nibderate oven. 
 
 44. Lddy Ckke. — Orie-hdlf cUp of butter, ll/^ cups of sugar, % cup of 
 sweet milk, 2 cups of fldUr, 3 tfeaspoonfuls of baking powder, whites of four 
 eggs wbippted to i stiff froth. Flavor with almond, peach br rose AArdter. 
 
 45. A Cheap Fruit Cake. — One cup of sour milk, 1 cup of sugar, 3l^ 
 cups df flour, 1 Clip bf raisiris, 1 teaspbonftil of cinnambn, allspite or cloves, 
 1 egg, biittei- the sizfe of ah egg; good. If desired, Md half teaspootiful sodd. 
 
 46. Black Fruit Cake. — One pound df brown sugar, 1 pbund of butter, 
 10 eggs, 3 poUhds bf taisirts, 3 pounds of currants, 3 tablespdonflils of cinna- 
 mbn, 1 tablespoonftil of ginger, 1 teaspoonful of clovfes, 1 nutmeg, 3 tea- 
 spbbnfuls bf baking pbwder. y2 cup bf fcold water, % teacUp of mdlasses, % 
 poutid of citron, fldut ehdugli to rtiake it the ctihsistency of pound take. Rttb 
 the bittter and sugar together; beat the eggs, then mix; add the molasses, 
 tHfen the fldhr arid fruit. This will make 3 large loaves. Bake IVz hours 
 vviih a slow fii-e; bake in pahs vs/ith stems. 
 
 47. Farmer's Fruit Cake. — Two cups of dried apples, soaked dvei^ Wight, 
 clifap in the morning and cook well in 3 ciips of molasses, either fHaple or 
 Ofledhs; after the apples cite done let them gtet fcold; flour saitie as for 
 other fruit cake. Make following batter: One cup of butter, 1 fctip of sugar, 
 
 3 egg^, 1 clip of Sbur thilk, 1 teaspoonful each of cinnamoij arid cloves, 1 
 tablelpbbnfiil of soda in milk and 5 chps of flbur. Can add 1 cup of raisins, 
 if ybu fchoose, with the apples. Bakti in moderate oven. 
 
 48. White Fruit Cake. — ^Two clips of sugar, 1 cup of butter, 1 clip of 
 sweet milk, % fciip of flour, S teaspoonfuls of baking powder, whites of 5 
 eggs, % lb. sliced citron, 3 cups cocoanut, meats from 1 quart hickbry nuts, 
 oi^ llse aliiibnds. 
 
 49. Minnehaha C^ke. — Oriie-hdlf ctip of butter, 1^/^ cups of sugar, 1 cup 
 of sweet milk, 3 eggs, 3 teaspobrifuls of baking powder, 3 cups of floUi". 
 
 50. Moirangtarta.— One pbUnd bf grahulated sugar, whites of ten eggs, 
 weli beaten; one pbUnd df almonds, grated arid well dried by allowing thein 
 to stand over night; mix the sUgar and almonds together and beat Slovtrly 
 info the whites of eggs. Put in a buttfered pan sprinkled with a few bread 
 crumbs arid bake slowly fbr an hour. To be eaten with friiit and whipped 
 cream. (Very pint.) 
 
 51; Onis Egl Cake. — Onfe egg, 1% cups bf sugar, % ciip of butter, 1 cup 
 of sweet milk, 31/^ clips of flour, 2y2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder. 
 
 53. Queen Cake. — ^Two cups of flour, 1 cup of sugar, 1 cup of hiilk, 2 
 
126 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 eggs, 1 large tablespoonful of butter, 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder ; fiaver 
 to taste; beat the butter, sugar and eggs together; then add the milk and 
 flour, mixed with the powder. Bake in shallow pans in quick oven. 
 
 53. Sunshine Cake. — Beat the yolks of 5 eggs thick with a cup of granu- 
 lated sugar; a pinch of salt and % cup of flour, which has been sifted with 
 % teaspoonful of cream of tartar; add to it carefully the whites of 7 eggs, 
 whipped very stiff; flavor with lemon or orange. 
 
 54. Tea Cake. — One tablespoonful melted butter, 1 tgg, 1 cup sugar, 1 
 teaspoonful baking powder, % cup milk, 3 cups flour. 
 
 55. Velvet Cake. — One-half cup of butter, ll^ cups pulverized sugar, 
 whites of 4 eggs, 1 cup of sweet milk, 2 cups of flour, ^^ cup of cornstarch, 1 
 large teaspoonful of baking powder, vanilla. 
 
 56. White Loaf Cake. — Two cups of. sugar, 1 cup of butter, 1 cup of 
 ' sweet milk, 3 cups of flour measured before sifting, 3 rounding teaspoon- 
 fuls of baking powder, whites of 9 eggs ; measure with a pint cup ; flavor to 
 taste ; ice with 2 cups of sugar and the whites of 3 eggs"*"add nearly a cup of 
 boiling water to sugar, and cook until it will break iti water, then pour it 
 slowly with left hand over well beaten whites, while beating hard with the 
 right hand. 
 
 57. White Cake. — One-half cup of butter, ll^ cups of sugar, % cup of 
 milk, 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder, 2 cups of flour and the whites of 4 eggs, 
 well beaten and added last; flavor to taste. 
 
 58. Washington Cake. — One and three-fourths cups of flour, 1 cup of 
 sugar, % cup of butter, 1 egg, % cup of sweet milk, 2 teaspoonfuls baking ' 
 powder, 1 teaspoonful of lemon extract. Bake in three round tins; when 
 done, put a layer of apple sauce between and on top of the cake. Jelly or 
 jam may be substituted, and the cake served with whipped cream or sauce. 
 
 59. Cream Cake. — One cup of sugar; 2 eggs, W'cll beaten in a cup, fill 
 up with sweet cream ; 2 cups of flour ; 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder. Bake 
 in 2 layers. 
 
 Filling. — One and one-fourth cups of sugar, 14 cup.of milk, pinch of salt, 
 4 teaspoonfuls of cocoa, butter size of walnut, vanilla to flavor ; cook soft and 
 beat while cooling and spread on cake. 
 
 60. Custard Cake. — One teacupful of sugar, 3 eggs, 3 teaspoonfuls melted 
 butter, Ys teacup of sweet milk, 1 teacup of sifted flour, l^/^ teaspoonfuls of 
 baking powder ; sift the baking powder in the flour ; beat the whites and yolks 
 separately ; add the butter, melted juSt enough to measure well. 
 
 Custard. — One pint of milk, 2 eggs, 2 tablespoonfuls of flour, 1 tablespoon- 
 ful of cornstarch. 
 
 61. Chocolate Caramel Cake. — One and one-half cups of granulated 
 sugar, y2 cup of butter, 1 cup of milk, 3 cups of sifted flour, 3 teaspoonfuls 
 of baking powder, beaten whites of 4 eggs. Bake in layers. 
 
 Filling. — Whites of 4 eggs beaten to a stiff froth, 1^4 lbs. of confec- 
 tioner's or XXXX sugar added gradually. Flavor with 1 teaspoonful of 
 vanilla. Spread on layers and allow to stand until cold. Melt 2 squares of 
 Baker's chocolate in a small dish over the teakettle and spread very lightly 
 over the hardened white icing. Cocoanut may be used instead of chocolate, il 
 preferred, but must be put on before the white icing hardens. 
 
 62. Fig Cake. — Two cups of sUgar, 1 cup of butter, 31/^ cups of flour, 
 % cup of sweet milk, whites of 7 eggs, 8 teaspoonfuls of baking powder. Bake 
 in layers. 
 
CAKE MAKING. 127 
 
 Filling. — One pound of figs, chopped fine and put in a stew pan on stove ; 
 pour over it a teacup of sugar. Cook all together until soft and smooth. Let 
 cool and spread between layers. 
 
 63. Cream Puffs. — One cup of boiling water poured on % cup of butter ; 
 1 cup of flour, stirred into the boiling water; boil 3 minutes, let cool, then 
 add 3 eggF unbeaten and beat well ; bake ^2 hour, slowly at first. The puffs 
 will fall if nut baked enough. Bake on buttered tins until a golden brown. 
 
 Custard. — One cup of milk, % cup of sugar, 1 egg, 3 teaspoonfuls of flour. 
 Cut a hole in the side of puff and fill with custard. 
 
 64. Breakfast Cake. — One cup of sugar, 3 cups of flour, % cup of butter ; 
 rub well with hands and set aside % cup of the mixture ; in the remainder put 
 one egg, 1 cup of sweet milk, and 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder in enough 
 flour to make a stiff batter. Put in shallow pan and sprinkle the % cup of 
 crumbs over the top. Bake in a moderate oven. 
 
 65. Apple Cake. — Make a thick batter of 2 cups of flour, % teaspoonful 
 of soda, 1 teaspoonful of cream of tartar, 14 cup of butter, 1 egg, 1 scant 
 cup of milk. Put it in a long shallow pan and press lightly into the top wedges 
 of peeled, quartered and cored apples ; 4 apples will be all that are needed for 
 the cake. Sprinkle 3 tablespoonfuls of sugar over- the top and bake brown. 
 Serve with cream or soft sauce. 
 
 66. Pork Cake. — One pound fat pork, 1 lb. seeded raisins, 1 lb. seeded 
 dates, 1 lb. currants, 1 lb. figs, 1 teaspoonful cinnamon, 1 teaspoonful ground 
 cloves, 3 cups molasses, 1 cup sugar, 1 teaspoonful soda, 8 cups flour, 1 pint 
 of hot water poured over the flour and let cool. Mix all together and bake. 
 
 67. Roll Jelly Cake. — One cup sugar, 1 cup flour, 3 eggs, 3 tablespoon- 
 fuls sweet milk, % teaspoonful soda, 1 teaspoonful cream of tartar. Bake and 
 when done spread with jelly, roll up and wrap a napkin around it. 
 
 68. Chocolate Loaf Cake. — Two cups brown sugar, % cup butter, 
 creamed, 2 eggs, 1 tablespoonful vanilla, % cake Baker's chocolate, % cup 
 buttermilk, % teaspoonful soda in the buttermilk and when foaming add % 
 cup boiling water and pour quickly over the grated chocolate; 3 cups sifted 
 flour, 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder. 
 
 69. Spice Cake. — One cup of sugar, 1 cup of molasses, Y^ cup of butter 
 and lard mixed, 1 cup of sour milk, 3 eggs, 3 cups flour, 1 teaspoonful each of 
 cloves and cinnamon, 3 teaspoonfuls of soda. Bake in 4 layers. 
 
 70. Johnny Cake,— 
 
 " Two cups Indian, one cup wheat, 
 One cup sour milk, one cup sweet. 
 One cup good eggs that you can eat, 
 One-half cup molasses, too, 
 One-half cup sugar add thereto. 
 Salt and soda, each a spoon, 
 Mix up quickly and bake it soon." 
 
 71. Maple Cake. — One cup molasses, 1 cup dark maple sugar, 1 cup but- 
 termilk, 2 large tablespoonfuls shortening, 1 tablespoonful ginger, 2 small tea- 
 spoonfuls soda, flour to make not too stiff. 
 
 72. Dolly Varden Cake. — One cup sugar, 1 cup of milk, 1 tablespoonful 
 butter, 2 cups flour, 3 teaspoonfuls baking powder. Bake in two layers, 
 leaving enough in the dish for one of them, to which add I/2 cup currants and 
 1 teaspoonful each of ground cinnamon, allspice and cloves. Put the layers 
 together with frosting flavored with lemon. 
 
 73. Good Almond Cake. — One cup coffee "A" sugar, 14 cup butter 
 
128 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 (small part lard), % cup milk or water, whites of 3 egigs, 1^ cups flour, IVo 
 teaspoonfuls bakipg powder; bake in 3 layers. 
 
 74. Layer or Loaf Cake. — One cup granulated sugar, scant % cup butter, 
 
 2 eggs, saving white of one for frosting, % cup milk, 1% cups flour, 3 tea- 
 spoonfuls baking powder and flavoring. This cake is a standby for all 
 occasions and will keep moist for several days. Cocoa may be added for soHd 
 chocolate cake. 
 
 75. Spicp Cake. — One cup sugar, % cup butter, 3 eggs, % c?Jp molasses, 
 1 cup sour milk, 3% cups flour, 1 teaspoonful each of soda, cloyes, cinnamon 
 and a little nutmeg. If fruit is added this makes a very good fruit cake- 
 
 76. Cheap Fruit Cake. — One cup sugar, % cup butter, 1 cup sour milk, 
 1 teaspoonful each cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg and soda, 3 cups flour, 1 
 cup raisins. 
 
 77. Lightning Clouse. — Sift together in a bowl, 1 cup sugar, 1 cup 
 flour, 1 teaspoonful baking powder. Fill a cup ^4 full melted butter, break 
 
 3 eggs into this, fill cup with milk, add tO' dry treasure, mix thoroughly and 
 bake in two layers. Filling of whipped cream. This is a very good quick 
 cake. 
 
 78. Surprise Cake.— Take one egg, 1 cup of sugar, 1 cup of butter; 
 beat all together; then take a cup of sweet milk with two teaspoonfuls 
 of cream of tartar and 1 teaspoonful of soda dissolved in it; then mix all 
 together and thicken with flopr. If desired, a little less Soda and cream of 
 tartar may be used. Yo]i will be surprised to see what a nice cake this makes. 
 
 79. Plaint C^kp. — One cup sweet milk, 1 cup sugar, % cup molasses, 
 % cup butter, 3 cups floiir, 1 cup raisins, 3 teaspoonfuls cream of f^-rtar', 
 1 teaspoonful of soda, salt, cloves, cinnamon and "nutmeg; add milk and 
 soda just before putting into oveij- 
 
 80. Devil Cake. — One egg, % cyp sugar, % cup sweet milk, % cup 
 grated, unsweetened chopolate; cook until thickened and let cool. Crpafli 
 1 cup sugar with I/2 ctfp butter; add 3 eggs beaten separately, '% ci^p sweet 
 milk, 3 cups flour, % teaspoonful vanilla, % teaspoonful soda dissolved jji 
 milk; mix all thoroughly and add chocolate paste; beat well; bake in layers 
 and white frost it. 
 
 FROSTINGS, ICINGS AND FILLINGS. 
 
 1. Chocolate Filling for Cake. — Three-fourths cup of sweet milk, 1 cup 
 of sugar, 1% cakes of sweet chocolate, 3 teaspoonfuls of lemon extract. Boil 
 until thick. 
 
 3. Marshmallow Filling or Icing. — Put % cup of water and one cup of 
 granulated sugar over the fire together and boil until it forms a soft ball 
 when dropped into cold water. Now pull apart Vo pound of marshmallows, 
 put them into a„doubIe boiler with 3 tablespoonfuls of hot water and stir until 
 melted. Then pour the hot syrup gradually into the marshmallow mixture, 
 beating all the time ; add a teaspoonful of vanilla and beat until cold. 
 
 3. Icing Without Boiling. — Butter the size of a walnut; the white of 
 1 tgg, not beaten; enough pulverized sugar to spread nicely, according to 
 the size of the egg. Mix all together until smooth. Put on cfike when cold. 
 
 4. Caramel Icing. — One cup of brown sugar, 1% cups of maple sugar, 
 % cup of butter, % cup of milk, 1 pound pecan nuts, 3 tablespoonfuls vanilla, 
 bbil together 10 minutes the butter, milk and sp^^; atdd f-te chtqfpfpW nuts 
 
FROSTINGS, ICINGS AND FILLINGS. 139 
 
 and boil 3 minutes longer ; remove from fire and add vanilla ; stir until cool, 
 then spread on the cake. 
 
 5. Boiled Icing. — The whites of 2 eggs, 3 cups of granulated sugar, 
 citric acid the size of a pea, a few drops -of vanilla. Barely cover the sugar 
 with water, and boil until it hardens in water. Pour it slowly into the beaten 
 whites of eggs, beating hard all the time; add citric acid dissolved in a few 
 drops of hot water and the vanilla. Beat until cool and of proper consistency 
 to spread on cake. 
 
 6. Icing for Cookies. — Take 1 cup of sugar and boil until it will get 
 hard. Pour over the well-beaten white of 1 egg; stir until cool. 
 
 7. Chocolate Cream Frosting. — White of 1 egg beaten to a stiff froth, 
 and an equal quantity of cold water; add confectioner's sugar until thick 
 enough to spread; flavor with vanilla; spread % inch thick on cake; melt 
 % cake of German sweet chocolate over hot water ; add teaspoonful of boiling 
 water to chocolate, beating well, and pour it over the frosting on the cake; 
 it will remjtin soft and creamy for a week, cutting without breal<ing, and 
 is delicious. 
 
 8. Maple Caramel Frosting. — Add 1 cup of cream to 2 cups of broken 
 and rolled maple sugar. Boil until it hardens in water (it will take about 
 fifty minutes) ; beat when half cool until it becomes creamy, and then 
 spread on cake. 
 
 9. Lemon Jelly Filling. — One-fourth pound of butter, 4 eggs, juice of 
 4 lemons and grated rind of two, % cup white sugar; mix all well together 
 and boil 1 minute, stirring all the time; when cold spread between cakes. 
 
 10. Custard Filling. — One cup milk, yolks of 4 eggs, % cup sugar, 1 
 dessert spoonful of flour, % pound almonds, reserving 30 split for putting on 
 icing on top of cake. Add the almonds chopped when the filling is cold arid 
 put between layers of cake. Ice as desired. 
 
 MEATS, POULTRY, GAME, FISH, OYSTERS 
 AND CROQUETTES. 
 
 Some hae meat and carina eat, 
 And some would eat that want it; 
 But we hae meat, and we can eat, 
 Sae let the Lord be thankit. 
 
 — Burns. 
 
 The sauce to meat is ceremony; meeting were bare without it. — Macbeth, 
 
 HOW TO SELECT GOOD MEAT AND POULTRY. 
 
 Beef. — Good beef is elastic so that if it be pressed with the finger no 
 impression will remain. If the meat be in poor condition the lean part will 
 usually be of a dark color and inelastic. 
 
 Mutton. — The lean part of good mutton is of a dark, bright crirason 
 red ; the fat is firm and white. The iean part of bad mutton is of a brownish 
 Cdior with a bad smell; there is little fat and it is flabby and y^owish. 
 8—9 
 
130 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Pork. — ^The fat part of pork should be firm and white ; the lean should . 
 be of a fine grain; and the skin cool and thin. Should the fat contain ker- 
 nels the pork should be avoided for the pig was diseased when killed. Pork 
 should not be kept more than a day or two before it is cooked for it will not 
 keep long without salting. Great care should be exercised that pork be 
 thoroughly cooked or there will be danger of disease. 
 
 Veal. — Veal will spoil quickly and should not be kept more than two 
 days in summer nor four in winter. 
 
 Turkeys. — A young cock-turkey has smooth, black legs with short 
 spurs. Sometimes dealers cut and scrape the spurs of old turkeys so as to 
 deceive one, hence they should be carefully examined. The beak of an old 
 turkey is hard while that of a young bird is somewhat soft. The legs of 
 an old hen-turkey are red and rough. If the turkey is in poor condition 
 the eyes will be dim and sunken and the feet dry and stifif, while if it be tn 
 good condition the eyes will be bright and full and the feet soft and pliable. 
 
 Fowls. — Select a fat fowl for any purpose. The skin should be trans- 
 parent and if the bird is young and tender the skin under the wing or leg may 
 be easily torn. A young cock will have short spurs. A fine bird will have 
 a full fat breast and a smooth comb. 
 
 Ducks. — If the duck has been recently killed the feet and legs will be 
 soft and pliable but if it be stale they will be dry and 'stifif. Freshness of 
 the eyes is a good indication. An old duck will generally be thin and lean 
 while a young bird is generally plump. The tame duck has rather large feet 
 that are of a dusky yellow while the feet of the wild duck are smaller and 
 of a reddish color. 
 
 Geese. — ^The feet and beak of an old goose will generally be red and 
 bristly, while those of a young goose will be yellow with few bristles. When 
 stale the feet and legs are dry and stiff ; when fresh they are pliable and soft. 
 The breast of a young bird, as with all poultry in good condition, is plump 
 and the flesh whiter than that of old birds; 
 
 A FEW SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THE COOKING OF MEATS 
 
 AND POULTRY. 
 
 Salt meats and meats used for soup should be put to cook in cold water ; 
 but otherwise, fresh meat should be put on in boiling water. Cold water 
 extracts the juice while hot water quickly cooks the outer surface of the 
 meat and so retains the juices. Put a piece of red pepper in the water to 
 prevent the odor which arises from boiling meat and turn the meat fre- 
 , quently that it may cook evenly on all sides. Carefully remove all scum as 
 it arises. The meat should be kept boiling constantly but very gently. 
 Allow twenty minutes for each pound of meat. 
 
 When roasting meat in the oven it should be frequently basted, that 
 is, the juices should be dipped and poured over it with a spoon. Keep the 
 fire at a uniform heat. 
 
 In broiling, have the gridiron hot before putting on the meat. Turn 
 it over as soon as it sears. 
 
 Do not salt meat until it is nearly done as salt extracts the juices. The 
 juices of meat are also extracted by allowing them to remain wrapped in 
 paper when purchased. The meat should be immediately unwrapped. 
 
 In cooking an old fowl or a tough piece of meat, add a pinch of soda or 
 
MEATS, POULTRY, GAME, ETC. 131 
 
 a spoonful of vinegar to the water in which they are boiled to aid in making 
 them tender. 
 
 Frozen meats should be laid in cold water te thaw out shortly before 
 using. 
 
 When roasting meat, use either tripods or clean pieces of wood to keep 
 it out of the juices. Keep a pan of water in the oven to prevent scorching. 
 
 In warm weather mutton, veal and pork may be kept fresh for several 
 weeks by laying them in sour milk. The meat should be entirely covered 
 and the milk changed when mould appears. Wash the meat in cold water 
 before using. 
 
 Salt pork may be freshened by soaking it over night in sweet milk and 
 water. 
 
 A nice gravy is made by adding the meat gravy to some flour and butter 
 which have been rubbed together and browned in the skillet. 
 
 The garnishes for meat are slices of lemon, parsley, sliced beets, sliced 
 carrots and currant jelly,, 
 
 MEATS AND POULTRY, 
 
 1. Baked Veal Chops or Cutlet. — Put in a roasting pan and season with 
 pepper and salt, dust heavily with flour and put small pieces of butter on top. 
 Then cover with water and bake one hour. 
 
 2. Breaded Ham. — Cut 1 pound of ham in slices % inch thick; lay 
 in hot water for 30 minutes, drain and wipe dry, dip in beaten egg, then in 
 rolled bread crumbs and broil. 
 
 3. Creamed Beef. — Melt a lump of butter the size of an egg in a frying 
 pan, then add cold roast beef cut in thin slices or chipped dried beef and fry 
 to a nice brown, then add a tablesnoonful of flour and stir well ; last of all 
 add enough water or milk to make a nice cream ; serve with or without toast 
 as you like. 
 
 4. Dressing for Stuffing Meats. — Soak a loaf of baker's bread in cold 
 water and squeeze as dry as possible. Cut a large onion up fine and mix with 
 the bread and fry a light brown in butter, with plenty of salt and pepper and 
 then add 3 well-beaten eggs and a little sage if desired. 
 
 5. Veal Loaf. — Three pounds veal, 3 eggs, i/^ pound ham, 1 cup cracker 
 crumbs, V^ cup milk, butter size of an egg, pepper and salt, a little water 
 in the pan at first. Bake % of an hour or longer. 
 
 6. Beefsteak Roll. — Prepare a bread dressing such as you use for 
 chicken ; povind a round steak a little but not very hard ; spread the dressing 
 over it ; lap over the ends ; roll the steak up tightly and tie ; spread 2 spoonfuls 
 of butter over it ; put a little water in the pan, lay steak in and bake, basting 
 often. In a brisk oven it will bake in 30 minutes. Make a brown gravy 
 and serve hot, or it is nice when sliced cold. 
 
 7. Chicken Tamales (A Mexican Dish). — Mix 1 pint each of finely 
 ground cooked chicken and finely ground fresh boiled ham; cut 3 large red 
 peppers in halves, remove seeds, and place in sauce pan with boiling water and 
 copk^ 5 minutes ; remove, chop fine and add them to the meat ; season with ^ 
 teaspoonful of salt and sauce from peppers. Place a sauce pan containing a 
 cupful of chicken broth over the fire. Mix 4 tablespoonfuls corn meal with 
 cold water ; add it slowly to boiling broth ; add I/2 teaspoonful butter ; cook and 
 stir till thick ; season with salt to taste. Put some dried corn husks in warm 
 water to soak for 30 minutes, remove, cut off even sizes, spread each out on a 
 
132 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 dish. Cover with thin layer of meal paste ; put a tablespoonful of the meat in 
 the center lengthwise ; fold the husk around it ; twist the ends and tie. Place 
 in a steamer and steam for an hour and a half or cover with ohicken broth and 
 cook one hour. Any kind of meat may be used instead of chicken. 
 
 8. Braised Beef. — Cut a round steak into suitable pieces for serving. 
 Dip these in salt water, then m bread or cracker crumbs. Fry these pieces,, 
 just long enough to brown nicely, in a buttered pan. Put into a bake pan or 
 dish and put in enough water to make the pan half full. Bake 90 minutes 
 in a moderate oven. 
 
 9. Boiled Ham. — Changing the water once or twice, soak the ham 
 for 24 hours. Put on to cook in boiling water with a little sage and a cup of 
 vinegar. When very tender, remove the skin and black outside, sprinkle the 
 fat side with sugar and bread crumbs, and brown in the oven. 
 
 10. Ham Pattie. — Chop fine some pieces of cold ham. One-half dozen 
 boiled eggs, chopped and seasoned with salt and pepper. Put in a baking 
 dish a layer of ham, then a layer of eggs, and then the sauce until dish is 
 full. Sauce: — Mix together 1 tablespoonful of flour and 1 tablespoonful of 
 butter and stir this into a cup of sweet milk. Over the top layer of pattie, 
 pour this sauce and spread with bread crumbs. Bake until a nice brown. 
 
 11. Tasse Ham. — Cut six hard boiled eggs in halves, crosswise; re- 
 move yolks; place cups thus made around edge of platter. While eggs are 
 boiling, cook % cup of fine bread crumbs in % cup of milk to a smooth paste ; 
 add 1 cup of chopped ham, cooked, 1 6gg slightly beaten, % teaspoonful 
 mustard; make into balls, set one in each half egg cup. White Sauce:—' 
 Two tablespoonfuls each of butter and flour, 1 cup of niilk and 1 teaspoon- 
 ful of salt. Turn this into center of platter, sift yolks over it and set 
 dish in oven until eggs are hot. Garnish with parsley. You can use mush- 
 rooms in the white sauce if so desired. 
 
 13. Deviled Ham Rolls. — Roll thin some light rich pastry and cut into 
 four-inch squares; spread upon each square a spoonful of deviled ham, leaving' 
 about % inch arotmd the edge uncovered. Moisten the edges with cold 
 water; roll each sheet of ham and pastry compactly, pressing the edges 
 together. Brush with white of egg and bake. This is nice with a salad 
 course. 
 
 13. Stuffed Leg of Pork. — Make deep incisions in the meat ; mash fine 
 a few boiled potatoes ; add a chopped onioh, cayenne pepper, salt and a little 
 sage. Mix a piece of butter with this and fill the incisions; pull the skin 
 down, and skewer over to keep the dressing from falling out. Roast slowly ; 
 when the meat is done pour the gravy into a pan, take off the fat and add a 
 little brown flour; as soon as it boils up once, remove from the fire; serve 
 with cranberry sauce. 
 
 14. Veal with Oysters. — Cut 1 pound of select veal into squares about 
 the size of the oysters; fry nice and brown; when done add enough butter 
 to make sufficient gravy and season. Pour over this 1 quart of oysters, 
 well cleaned and drained, with 2 tablespoonfuls of flour stirred all through 
 the oysters; pepper and salt; cover and let steam until the oysters begin 
 to curl and the gravy is thickened. 
 
 15. Curry Chicken. — Cut up a chicken; slice an onion and fry in the 
 skillet with a generous piece of butter; add a teaspoonful of curry powder. 
 Put in chicken and fry just long enough to absorb the onion flavor. Grate 
 1 cocoanut and pour boiling water over it; strain through cheese cloth, 
 
MEATS, POULTRY, GAME. ETC. 133 
 
 squeezing tight; add the chtcken to cocoanut water; cook until meat drops 
 from bones. If water boils away add more : salt the last thing • add a little 
 flour and more curry powder if desired. Serve with hot boiled rice. 
 
 16. Chicken Sauteing. — Melt 3 tablespoonfuls of biitter in a pan with a 
 small chopped onion ; do not let it brown . puf into this a tender chicken cut 
 into small pieces; season with piepper and salt. Let cook for 20 minutes, 
 turning often; then dredge with flour, stir around well and add a scdnt pint 
 of stock or water — boiling. Cover and place on the back part of thfe stove 
 where it will simmer gently until done. Remove all grease from gravy and 
 add a cup Of cream , cook fdr 2 or 3 minutes and pour over chicken. 
 
 17 Chicken Pie. — Take a good sized chicken that is neither too fat nor 
 too old ; cut it up and remove all extra fat ; wash it well and cook until tender, 
 keeping the fat skihimed from the top of the kettle. Put the extra fat in a 
 skillet and place on the back of the stove where it can slowly cook until all 
 grease is extracted and when cold it may be used with other shortening 
 to make the crust for the pie The crust may be made in the usual way, 
 lining the pan with an under crust; then add the chicken and 4 sliced po- 
 tatoes; then the broth made into a nice gravy; put the top crust oh and 
 bake until it is a nice brown. 
 
 18. Cleveland Chicken. — Cut up a cooked chicken fine, a few potatoes 
 cut in squares and bread crumbs ; put on the stove 1 cup of milk, 1 tablespoon- 
 ful of butter, 1 tablespoonful of flour, pepper, salt and a little parsley; mix 
 with the other, sprinkle bread crumbs over the top and bake fifteen minutes. 
 
 19. Old Point Comfort Chicken Terrapin. — Boil a chicken until tender; 
 remove bones ; thicken the broth with a lump of butter rubbed in flour and 
 then put the meat of the chicken back on the stove ; add % pound of butter, 
 a dozen mushrooms, a little summer savory, cayenne pepper and salt. Boil 
 and stir until tender; then add yolks of 3 hard boiled eggs, chopped fine; 
 then sweet cream and serve hot. 
 
 20. Chicken Croquettes. — Boil a cup of milk with a lump of butter as 
 large as an egg and a tablespoonful of floUr ; when cool add pepper and salt, 
 a bit of minced onion, 1 cup of bread crumbs and 1 pint of finely chopped 
 chicken ; lastly, beat 2 eggs and work in, form in balls, roll in eggs and cracker 
 crumbs and fry. 
 
 21. Chicken Cutlets. — Rub together 2 tablespoonfuls of flour and 1 of 
 butter ; add to them % pint of stock ; stir constantly until boiling and then 
 add the yolks of 2 eggs. Take from the fire and add 1 pint of cold chopped 
 chicken, a tablespoonful of parsley, 1 teaspoonful of salt, a little pepper and 
 a grating of nutmeg. Mix and put aside to cool; when cold form into the 
 shape of cutlets, dip in eggs and crumbs and fry. Turkey can be used 
 the same way. 
 
 22. Chicken and Macaroni. — In a baking pan arrange layers of bits of 
 chicken, macaroni and bread crumbs, the crumbs on top ; season with salt, 
 pepper and butter. Pour over a dressing made of 2 cups of stock, % cup 
 of cream and flour to thicken ; bake 45 minutes. 
 
 23. Sweetbreads and Peas. — Soak 2 pairs of sweetbreads in cold salt 
 water for an hour, then cook from 30 to 45 minutes. Take 1 can of French 
 peas cooked and seasoned as for table, add the chopped sweetbreads, put in 
 baking dish, cover with bread crumbs and a generous amount of butter, 
 bake in hot oven 10 minutes or until brown. 
 
134 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 34, Liver Timbales. — To a pint of cooked calf's liver, chopped fine and 
 salted, add a cup of bread crumbs, 2 beaten eggs, 1 cup of milk, 1 teaspoonful 
 of parsley, a few drops of onion juice and a tablespoonful of melted butter. 
 Mix thoroughly and turn into molds and cook in a pan of warm water 
 in a moderate oven for about 25 minutes. Serve with mushroom sauce. 
 
 25. Stuffed Tripe. — Clean and boil a large piece of fresh tripe, spread 
 with a highly seasoned bread dressing, roll up and tie. Put it into a baking 
 pan with i/4 cup of butter and a cup of hot water; cover and bake about an 
 hour in a moderate oven, basting frequently. 
 
 26. Nut Balls. — Any cold cooked meat may be used. To each half pint 
 of finely chopped meat add ^ cup of chopped blanched almonds, 1 raw egg, 
 % teaspoonful salt and a pinch of white pepper. Mould this mixture into balls 
 the size of a walnut ; place in an agate baking dish ; add 1^ cups strained to- 
 mato, which has been seasoned with pepper, salt and celery salt or a little 
 onion juice. Place in a moderate oven for 15 minutes ; reduce and thicken 
 by placing over the fire for a few moments. Serve this sauce poured around 
 the balls. Garnish with parsley. 
 
 27. A Ragout. — Mix % cup of cheese with 1 cup of chopped cold meat ; 
 season with pepper and salt and % teaspoonful of anchovy paste; moisten 
 thotoughly with gravy made with milk or stock ; put in a "baking dish ; cover 
 with a layer of bread crumbs sprinkled with bits of butter and bake about 
 20 minutes. It may be baked and served in individual ramekin dishes or 
 patty shells. 
 
 28. Pressed Tongue. — Boil a medium sized tongue four hours very 
 gently; remove the skin as soon as it is taken out of the boiling water; 
 then slice into a chopping bowl and chop fine. Season well with pepper 
 and salt. Put in a little more than y^ teaspoonful of mace, and lastly add one 
 cup of finely chopped English walnuts. The next day it will be ready to 
 serve. If any other meat is used it will need to be moistened with a little 
 of the liquid in which the meat was boiled. 
 
 29. Dressing for Baked Fowl. — Chop fine 6 or 8 slices of stale bread; 
 season to taste with salt, pepper and sage; add 1 egg, well beaten, and 
 2 ounces butter; mix well together and moisten with 1 cup of hot water. 
 
 30. Beef Loaf. — Grind li^ pounds of steak; add a little salt; mix into 
 this 1 cup of ground bread crumbs seasoned with salt, pepper and butter 
 the size of an egg, rubbed in; add a cup of sweet milk with an egg beaten 
 into it; mix all together like pie dough; form into a loaf; put into a buttered 
 pie pan and roast and baste from 45 minutes to an hour. 
 
 31. Deviled Ham Loaf. — Take 2 spoonfuls of cracker or bread crumbs, 
 14 pound of deviled, ham, 2 cups of milk, using a portion to moisten the ham ; 
 Stir in 2 eggs ; add salt to taste ; put into buttered pan and bake 1 hour in a 
 moderate oven. Cut in thin slices, garnish with parsley and serve cold. 
 
 32. Chop Suey. — Fry % of a pound of shredded white meat of chicken 
 in butter until golden brown; add a little black bean sauce and then add to 
 this the following ingredients, all chopped fine : % pound of celery, y^ pound 
 of mushrooms, % pound of bamboo root, i/4 pound onions and % pound of 
 water chestnuts. Fry all this together two minutes and add salt, pepper 
 and a little water. Simmer three minutes longer and serve hot. This will 
 serve six persons. The Chinese ingredients can be purchased at any Chinese 
 store or restaurant. 
 
MEATS, POULTRY, GAME, ETC. 135 
 
 GAME. 
 
 1. Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Etc. — These are nice in flour and laid 
 in a deep dish containing 1/2 cup of drippings ; add pepper and salt and lay 
 nice slices of ham or bacon over the top. When done remove the ham and 
 make a dressirg of ^^ pint of cream and a dozen chopped oysters, to be 
 added just before serving. 
 
 2. A Delicious Rabbit Fry. — Cut the rabbit in pieces and quickly wash 
 in cold water. Do not soak it. Have frying pan very hot; then when you 
 have seasoned the meat, roll it in flour and place in a pan, into which drop 
 a tablespoonful of butter and one of lard. Cover with a pan and let the rabbit 
 be very well done before you turn it over to brown on the other side. A 
 rabbit fried in this manner will smell almost as nice as it will taste. 
 
 3. Rabbit Stew. — Cut tip the rabbit, cover with cold water and put over 
 the fire; add a teaspoonful of salt and boil until tender. Have ready hot 
 biscuits broken open and laid on a platter and on each place a piece of the 
 rabbit. Thicken the gravy with 2 tablespoonfuls of flour wet smoothly in a 
 little milk ; let it boil a minute, then add a cup of milk or cream and stir 
 well. Pour this over the rabbit and biscuit and serve at once. 
 
 4. Hasenpfeffer. — After the rabbit has been in salt water for several 
 hoitrs, rinse with clear water. Boil until tender in water containing an 
 onion in which are stuck about a dozen cloves. When tender take from 
 liquor, roll in flour and fry brown in skillet, using equal quantities of butter 
 and lard; just before removing from skillet, sprinkle over a little cinnamon 
 and about 1 tablespoonful of vinegar (more or less to suit taste) ; cook 
 closely ; let smother for a few minutes ; remove rabbit ; put flour in skillet 
 and brown in remaining grease; add liquor in which the rabbit was cooked 
 to make a nice gravy; pour over rabbit. 
 
 FISH AND OYSTERS. 
 
 "Master, I marvel how the fishes live in the sea!' 
 
 " Why as men do on land ; the great ones eat up the little ones.'' 
 
 — Pericles. 
 
 "Drenched in the sea, hold, notwithstanding, their freshness." — Tempest. 
 
 " Fruit of the wave ! O, dainty and delicious ! 
 Food for the gods ! Ambrosia for Apicius ! 
 Worthy to thrill the soul of sea-born Venus, 
 Or titillate the palate of Silenus ! " 
 
 In selecting fish see that the eyes are full and not dull and sunken. The 
 flesh should be firm and hard to the touch and should rise at once to the pres- 
 sure of the finger. 
 
 The earthy or muddy taste may be removed by soaking in salt water 
 shortly before using. The skin may be readily removed by pouring boil- 
 ing water over it and letting it stand a few minutes. Lemon juice whitens 
 fish. 
 
 Fish should be cooked the day they are bought. Fresh mackerel, espe- 
 cially, spoil very quickly. 
 
 In frying fish, put it into very hot lard and turn as soon as browned on one 
 side. When browned on both sides move the skillet to the back part of the 
 stove, cover and let cook slowly. Use plenty of lard but no butter. 
 
 Garnishes are parsley, sliced beets, lemon, lettuce and hard-boiled eggs. 
 
136 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 1. Baked White Fish. — Fill the fish with a stuffing of fine bread crumbs 
 and a little butter ; then sew up the fish, sprinkle with butter, salt and pepper. 
 Bake an hour and serve with egg sauce or parsley sauce. 
 
 2. Boiled I^'resh Fish. — Tie the fish up in a cloth and plunge into salted 
 boiling water. Boil very slowly, allowing eight minutes to the pound. When 
 about half done add a little lemon juice or vinegar. Whea done, drain, 
 dish carefully and pour drawn butter over it. 
 
 3. Clam Stew. — Drain off and strain the liquor from 25 clams ; cut them 
 up and place with the strained liquor in a stew kettle. Cut into small pieces 
 5 or 6 potatoes and a small onion; add these to the clams with half a cup 
 of milk, butter the size of an egg, salt and pepper to taste. Stew until done ; 
 thicken with gravy and serve hot. 
 
 4. Baked Codfish. — Three eggs beaten separately, 1 pint of milk, 1 cup 
 of shredded codfish ; thicken milk as thick as for cream toast ; put the yolks 
 of eggs in while milk and fish are hot; add whites last. Bake 20 minutes. 
 
 6. Fish a la Creme. — One pint of cold cooked fish, picked' in fine pieces; 
 
 1 pint of milk, yolks of 2 eggs, 1 small piece of onion, 1 sprig of parslpy, 
 
 2 tablespoonfuls of flour, 1 tablespoonful of butter. Put tniljc oi| to bpil 
 in a double boiler; add to it the onions apd parsley; rub the jjytter and 
 flour together and stir into the boiling milk ; cook 2 minutes ; add the well- 
 beaten yolks of 2 eggs; take from the fire and strain; add pepper and salt 
 to taste. Put a layer of this same in a buttered baking dish, then a layer ot 
 fish, another of the same, and so on, having the last layer of the. same; 
 sprinkle the top lightly with bread crumbs and put in the oven untjj a 
 nice brown. 
 
 6. Baked Pickerel. — Cleanse the fish thoroughly in .salt water; split 
 so it will lie flat in the pan ; sprinkle with pepper, salt and bits of }3Utter ; 
 pour into the pan enough water to keep from burning and bake about 45 
 minutes. Make a sauce in the proportion of a tablespoonful of flour, a table- 
 spoonful of butter, and half a pint of milk or water ; when boiled until smooth, 
 stir in a tablespoonful of lemon juice and serve very hot. 
 
 7. Lobster a la Newburg. — Two pounds of lobster, yolk of 1 egg, 1 
 tablespoonful of butter, ^/^ pint of cream, small wine-glass of sherry, a very 
 little water. Stew lobster slowly with the butter and water for 15 minutes; 
 stir egg, cream and part of the wine and mix with the lobster and stir 5 min- 
 utes. Add remainder of the wine just before serving. 
 
 8. Oyster Dressing. — One pint of ,oysters. Take the giblets of a 
 chicken boiled until tender; crumb up a loaf of stale bread; heat 1 cup of 
 milk boiling hot; pour the hot milk and water from giblets over the bread; 
 season with salt, pepper and sage. Stir in with a spoon the oysters and 1 
 egg well beaten. This amount is enough to stuff one chicken. 
 
 9. Oyster Cocktails. — For one person, take four to six nice large oysters. 
 Sauce: — one tablespoonful of horseradish, 2 or 3 tablespoonfuls of tomato 
 catsup, a pinch of salt, also of Hungarian paprika, dash of tobasco sauce, 
 a few drops of vinegar, also a few drops of lemon juice. Mix thoroughly 
 and pour over the oysters. If oysters are served on the half shell, sauce is 
 served in a sherbet glass, in middle of plate, surrounded by the shells. 
 
 10. Curried Oysters. — Drain the liquor from a guart of oysters and put 
 it in a sauce pan; add 1/2 cup of butter, 1 tablespoonful of curry powder, 
 
 3 tablespoonfuls of flour, well mixed; let boil; add oysters and a little salt; 
 boil up and serve.' 
 
MEATS, POULTRY, GAME, ETC. 137 
 
 11. Oyster Omelet. — Add half a dozen eggs beaten very light to % cup 
 of cream ; season with salt and pepper and pour into a frying, pan with a 
 tablespoonful of butter; drop in a dozen large oysters cut in halves or 
 chopped fine with parsley and fry until light brown ; double it over and serve 
 immediately. 
 
 12. Steamed Oysters. — Wash and drain a quart of select oysters; put 
 them in a pan and place in steamer over boiling water; cover and steam till 
 oysters are plump with edges ruffled; place in heated dish with butter, salt 
 and pepper and serve. 
 
 13. Salmon Loaf. — Beat 2 eggs, add 1 cup of bread crumbs, 2 table- 
 spoonfuls of melted butter and the fish contained in a pound can of salmon, 
 saving the liquor. Add pepper and salt to taste. Mix and steam in a but- 
 tered dish 1 hour. Sauce :— rOne egg beaten lightly, 2 tablespoonfuls of melted 
 butter and 1 tablespoonful of cornstarch; after mixing stir in 1 cup scald- 
 ing milk, cook a moment and add the liquor; pour this over the fish and 
 serve. 
 
 14. Turbot. — Boil a bass or white fish and pick it to pieces ; place it in 
 a baking dish; pour over it a pint of milk, 2 eggs, 2 tablespoonfuls of but- 
 ter, 1 tablespoonful of flour ; season lightly ; sprinkle cracker crumbs over the 
 top and bake 20 minutes. 
 
 15. Pigs in Blanket. — Season large oyster with pepper; cut very thin 
 slices of bacon and wrap around the oyster and fasten with a toothpick; fry 
 until the bacon is crisp and brown. No salt will be needed as the bacon con- 
 tains salt enough. 
 
 16. Salmon Balls. — One can of salmon free from bones and skin; 3 
 cold boiled potatoes, chopped fine; 1 egg, beaten and mixed with salmon 
 and potato; salt and pepper; make into little cakes and roll in corn meal 
 or cracker crumbs; fry in hot lard. 
 
 17. Fried Oysters. — Drain oysters, dip them in cracker meal, then in 
 well beaten eggs, then again in cracker meal; then fry a nice brown in hot 
 lard. 
 
 18. Salmon Chops. — Take the salmon from one can, remove the skin and 
 bones and mash with a silver fork; put together 2 level teaspoonfuls each of 
 butter and flour, 1/4 teaspoonful of salt and a dash of cayenne; add the fish, 
 a tablespoonful of lemon juice and 1 teaspoonful of chopped parsley. When 
 cold form into chops, dip in egg and bread crumbs, put a piece of macaroni 
 in the end for a bone and form in shape. 
 
 19. Halibut Steak. — Wash and dry 2 halibut steaks; butter a fish pan, 
 lay thin slices of salt pork on it, place the steak on this, pour lemon juice 
 over it and dust with salt and pepper ; dip Vk pint of oysters in melted butter, 
 then in crumbs and place on fish. Put the second steak over the oysters 
 and season as before, laying thin slices of pork on top. Bake 30 to 40 min- 
 utes, basting often with juice from the pan and lastly butter. Remove the 
 pork from the top,^ cover with buttered crumbs, brown and serve. 
 
 20. Creamed Fish. — For 3 cups of cold fish or canned salmon flaked fine, 
 make a cream sauce with a tablespoonful of butter and a tablespoonful of 
 flour beaten together with 14 teaspoonful of salt and a bit of red pepper. 
 Pour a cup of milk on this and stir over liie fire until it thickens; add the 
 
138 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 fish with a tablespoonful of chopped parsley; pour into a buttered dish and 
 cover with bread or cracker crumbs and bake a light brown. 
 
 21. Codfish Balls. — Pick apart one cup of fish and put it in a saucepan 
 with one pint of raw cut up potatoes; cover with cold water and boil until 
 potatoes are done ; drain well. Wash and stir until light ; season with pepper 
 and a teaspoonful of butter. Stir in one egg, well beaten; shape with a 
 tablespoon and fry in smoking hot lard. 
 
 22. HoUandaise Sauce. — Beat % cup of butter until creamy, add yolks 
 of 4 egfs one at a time and beat until blended. Add l^ teaspoonful of salt, 
 the juice of 1 lemon and a dash of cayenne. Beat until smooth, add % cup of 
 milk or stock and cook until thickened. 
 
 23. Escalloped Oysters. — One quart of oysters, 1 quart of rolled crackers 
 or bread crumbs; pu;t into a deep dish, putting alternate layers of oysters 
 and crackers and small pieces of butter ; season with pepper and salt. When 
 dish is full, cover with milk. Bake 30 minutes. 
 
 24. Frizzled Oysters. — Dry a quart of oysters on a napkin, put butter 
 in frying pan, when very hot put in oysters, season with pepper and salt; 
 serve hot. 
 
 25. Baked Shad. — Make a stuffing of bread crumbs, pepper, salt, butter 
 and parsley and mix this with the beaten yolks of 3 eggs and enough milk to 
 moisten; fill fish and sew or fasten a string around it. Pour over it a little 
 water and some butter and bake as a fowl ; an hour or more is required to 
 bake it. Boil up the gravy in which the fish was baked, put in a teaspoonful 
 each of flour, catsup and lemon juice. Pour on as a dressing. To bake 
 salmon, omit stuffing. 
 
 26. Broiled Oysters. — Dry the required number of large, selected oy- 
 sters ; place on a fine wire broiler, turning often ; have some toast ready, 
 butter the oysters, season with pepper and salt, place on the toast, put in 
 the oven for a moment to heat, and serve. 
 
 27. Baked Salmon. — One can of salmon minced fine, 1 cup of cracker 
 crumbs, 1 cup milk, 1 well-beaten egg, butter the size of a walnut. Bake in a 
 quick oven and garnish with parsley. Serve hot. 
 
 28. Salmon Croquettes. — Take 1 large can of salmon, free it from the 
 oil and bones and shred it carefully; sprinkle over it a little lemon juice and 
 allow it to stand a few minutes; melt 1 tablespoonful of butter in a sauce 
 pan, mix smoothly in 2 tablespoonfuls of flour, then add slowly 2 cups of 
 milk and season with pepper and salt ; then add to it the yolks of 2 eggs, well 
 beaten with a tablespoonful of cream; add the fish and IV2 cups of bread 
 crumbs; cook 3 minutes, remove from fire and when cold make into cro- 
 quettes; roll in crumbs, then in beaten egg and again in the crumbs; fry 
 in deep hot fat. 
 
 29. Oyster Rarebit. — Add % pound of grated cheese to 2 tablespoonfuls 
 of melted butter. Remove the hard muscle from % pint of oysters and cook 
 until they are plump; drain and keep hot. Beat the yolks of 2 eggs until 
 light and add 1/2 cup of oyster liquor and the oysters and stir into the melted 
 cheese. Serve on squares of toasted bread. 
 
 30. Escalloped Salmon. — One can of salmon, 3 cups cracker crumbs, 
 butter, salt and pepper. Butter a baking pan and piit in a layer of 
 salmon and then a layer of cracker crumbs over which sprinkle some salt,, 
 
MEATS, POULTRY, GAME, ETC. 139 
 
 pspper and bits of butter; add another layer of salmon and cracker crumbs 
 and pour over enough milk to come to the edge of the contents and bake. 
 
 CROQUETTES. 
 
 " 1. Cheese Croquettes. — The beaten white of 1 egg, % cup of grated 
 cheese, a dash of cayenne pepper and a little salt. Make into small cro- 
 quettes and roll in cracker crumbs and egg and fry a delicate brown. 
 
 2. Rice and Beef Croquettes. — Add a little salt to % cup of rice and 
 cook. Chop the meat fine, take one part of rice to three parts of meat, season 
 to taste; form into rolls, roll in crumbs, then in egg, then in crumbs, and fry 
 in very hot lard. Add a little onion if desired. 
 
 3. Macaroni Croquettes. — Boil half a package of macaroni in salt water 
 until soft. A pint of cold boiled beef, boiled until it shreds. Chop both to- 
 gether until very fine; season to taste with pepper and salt; roll into balls, 
 dip in flour and brown in beef suet or butter. Beef suet, smoking, gives 
 the croquettes a prettier brown without so much danger of burning as when 
 browned in butter. This amount will make 16 croquettes. 
 
 4. Salmon Croquettes. — One can of salmon with liquor drained oiif, 
 2 cups of mashed potatoes (use while warm), 2 eggs, mustard, celery seed, 
 nutmeg, ground cloves and allspice ; 1 tablespoonful vinegar, 2 tablespoonfuls 
 catsup, a little red pepper and salt. Form into any desired shape, roll in 
 cracker crumbs and fry in hot lard. Try these. They are vey nice. 
 
 5. Veal Croquettes. — Take 4 cups of cold chopped veal, pepper and 
 salt, and a little lemon juice. One cup of white sauce, mix and let cool. 
 When cool roll them in shape and then roll in sifted bread crumbs. Fry 
 in hot fat. 
 
 6. Rice Croquettes. — To 1% cups of cold cooked rice, add 2 eggs, % 
 cup of flour, 1 tablespoonful of sugar and % teaspoonful of salt. Mix well, 
 and when cold mould and fry as other croquettes. 
 
 •7. Hominy Croquettes. — To a pint of cooked hominy add 2 tablespoon- 
 fuls of milk; heat and add 1 tablespoonful of butter; pepper, salt, parsley and 
 onion juice to taste ; then add 2 beaten eggs and cook until thick ; when cold 
 form into croquettes and fry as other croquettes. 
 
 8. Italian Croquettes. — Take 1 cup of finely chopped vermicelli, make. 
 a sauce of % cup each of flour and butter and a cup of strained cooked to- 
 matoes. Add ^ cup of chopped mushrooms, the vermicelli and season highly 
 with salt and paprika. Shape and fry as other croquettes. 
 
 9. Sweet Potato Croquettes. — Work 1 tablespoonful of butter, pepper 
 and salt to taste, into 1 pint of hot mashed sweet potatoes. When cold mould 
 into shape, dip in egg then in crumbs and fry. 
 
 10. Oyster and Veal Croquettes. — Two cups finely chopped veal, 1 pint 
 raw oysters chopped fine, 2 tablespoonfuls butter, yolks of 4 eggs, 6 table- 
 spoonfuls powdered crackers and 2 teaspoonfuls onion juice. Soak the 
 crackers in the oyster liquor; soften butter and mix all ingredients. Shape 
 and dip in egg and cracker crumbs and fry. 
 
 11. Potato Croquettes. — To a pint of hot mashed potatoes, add 1 table- 
 spoonful of butter, the yolk of one egg, salt and pepper, a little onion juice 
 and a little parsley. Cook all together and then cool and make into balls and 
 fry in hot lard. 
 
140 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 SOUPS. 
 
 (Including Soup Stocks, Bouillon and Broths.) 
 
 " Let onion atoms lurk within the bowl, 
 And, half suspected, animate the whole." 
 
 — Sidney Smith. 
 
 Always use cold water in making soups as the juices of the meat are 
 thus extracted, while if the meat is put into hot water the outer part is 
 quickly seared and the juices retained. Use a quart of water to a pound of 
 meat and allow a quart of soup for three or four persons. It is very necessary 
 that the soup be thoroughly skimmed and all grease should be removed. 
 Long and slow simmering is necessary to get all the strength from the meat. 
 
 There are two kinds of soup or stock — white and brown. The white 
 is made from either veal or fowls while the brown is made from beef. 
 
 In making vegetable soups cook the vegetables separately and add to 
 the soup just before taking from the fire. Celery seed will be found an ex- 
 cellent substitute for celery. The best herbs for seasoning soups are sage, mint, 
 tarragon, sweet marJ9ram, thyme, sweet basil, bay leaves, parsley, cloves, 
 mace, celery and onions. 
 
 Scorched flour or burnt sugar are used to color soups. Season lightly 
 at first for more may be added if desired. 
 
 Never put soups or gravies in tin or copper and it is best to use a wooden 
 spoon. 
 
 1. Asparagus Soup. — Take a can of asparagus, 1 pint of cream or milk, 
 1 pint of white stock, 1 tablespoonful of chopped onion, 3 tablespoonfuls of 
 butter, 2 talblespoonfuls of flour, 1 teaspoonful sugar and % teaspoonful pep- 
 per. Cut off and lay aside the heads of asparagus, cut stalks into short pieces 
 and put them on to boil in a stew pan with the stock. Put onion and butter- 
 in a small frying pan and cook slowly for ten minutes, then add flour; stir 
 until mixture is smooth and frothy, but not brown. Add this, together with 
 the sugar, pepper and salt, to the stock and asparagus and simmer for 15 
 minutes; then rub the soup through a sieve and return it to the stew pan. 
 Add cream and asparagus heads and after boiling tip once, serve without 
 d^lay. In case fresh asparagus be substituted for canned, |;se two bunches. 
 Cooic them in the stock or water for 30 minutes. Rerpove the heads for 
 later use and proceed with the cooking the same- as when canned asparagus 
 is used. 
 
 %. Bean Soup. — Boil 1 quart of beans until soft, rub through a colander 
 to remove hulls. Return soup to the fire, season well with pepper and salt, 
 and add a few spopnfuls of cream; serve with srnall squares of toast. Some 
 prefer corn bread with bean soup. If desired a small piece of bacon may 
 be boiled with the beans as it adds richness and flavor to the soup. 
 
 3. Potato Soup. — One quart of milk with a small onion scalded in it, 
 1 pint mashed potatoes, 1 heaping tablespoonful of flour and as much butter 
 as you like; pepper and salt to taste. 
 
 4. Tomato Soup. — Heat, then mash fine 1 pint of tomatoes; add % 
 teaspoonful soda. Pour in 1 pint or more if desired. Season with salt, pepper, 
 butter and a little sugar. Just before serving add rolled crackers. 
 
 5. Noodles for Soup. — One pint of flour, 1 teaspoonful of baking pow • 
 
SOUPS. 141 
 
 der, salt and as much water as 1 egg shell will hold ; roll thin, cut into narrow 
 strips, dry them and boil in the soup for 10 or 15 minutes. 
 
 6. Tomato Bisque. — One quart milk^ 1 quart tomatoes, 1 tablespoonful 
 butter, 1 teaspoonful soda, 1 tablespoonful flour, pepper and salt. Cook and 
 strain the tomatoes. Place the butter in basin, when hot rub in the flour, 
 then add the milk slowly. When ready to serve add soda to tomatoes, 
 then the thickened milk. Serve with whipped cream. A stick of celery boiled 
 with tomatoes improves the flavor. 
 
 7. Celery Soup. — One head celery, 1. pint of milk, 1 pint of water, 1 
 tablespoonful rice, 1 tablespoonful bUtter, 1 tablcspodnful flour, 1 tablespoon- 
 ful chopped onion, % teaspoonful pepper, 1/2 teaspoonful salt. Mash and 
 scrape the celery, cut into half-inch pieces, put it into a pint of boiling water 
 (salted) ahd codk until very soft. Mash in the water in which it was boiled. 
 Cook the onions with the milk in a double boiler, ten minutes, and add it 
 to the celery. Rub all through a strainer and put it on to boil again. Cook 
 the butter and flour together in a small sauce pan until smooth, but not brown, 
 and stir into boiling soup. Add pepper and salt; boil 5 minutes and strain 
 into tureen. Serve very hot. 
 
 8. Soup Stock. — Five and a half quarts of cold water, 1 shin of beef, 
 iy2 tablespoonfuls of salt, 1 onion with several cloves stuck in it, 1 carrot, 
 1 sprig of parsley, 1 stalk of celery or V^ teaspoonful of celery seed, 1 turilip. 
 Pour water on the meat, add pepper and salt, place on the back of the stove 
 to heat through slowly; in about 30 minutes put over a hot fire and when 
 it begins to steam, skim and cover closely ; put over a moderate fire, allowing 
 it to simmer (not boil) for three or four hours; add vegetables, allow it to 
 boil one hour longer, then take from the fire and strain; when cold take 
 grease from the top and it is ready for use. 
 
 9. Bisque of Oysters. — One pint of oysters, 1 pint of milk, 1 table- 
 spoonful flour, 1 tablespoonful butter, yolk of one egg, pepper and salt to 
 taste. Drain the oysters, adding to the liquor enough cold water to make 
 1 cup of liquid. Chop half of the oysters fine; bring the liquor to a boil, 
 skim, add the chopped oysters and simmer ten minutes. Scald the milk, rub 
 the flour and butter together until smooth, add to the milk and stir until it 
 thickens. Add the whole oysters to the oyster liquor and as soon as their 
 edges curl, remove all from fire ; add the beaten yolk of the egg to the milk ; 
 take at once from the fire and mix with the oysters and their liquor. Season 
 and serve at once. 
 
 10. Vegetable Soup. — Make nice stock with soup bone, 6 potatoes cut 
 in dice, % head cabbage, 2 onions cut fine, 2 pieces celery cut fine, % cup 
 rice, 3 tomatoes or % can. 
 
 11. White Soup. — Boil 2 quarts of meat broth; beat 3 eggs well; 2 
 cups milk ; 2 spoonfuls flour ; pour these gradually through a sieve into the 
 boiling soup; salt and pepper to taste. 1 
 
 12. Clam Soup. — Chop fine the required number of clams, then cOdk in 
 a little water with .butter, salt and pepper ; when almost done, put in milk or 
 cream and in soup enough for 4 persons put 1 cup of rolled crackers. Serve 
 hot. 
 
 13. Split Pea Soup. — Take 2 pounds of split peas, wash and put in sauce 
 pan with 2 quarts of water and boil for an hour ; drain ofif the water and add 
 4 quarts of good strong stock, a ham bone and 1 onion and 1 carrot chopped 
 
143 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 together. Let all boil together slowly for 3 or 4 hours, put through a sieve, 
 season to taste and serve with toasted bread. 
 
 14i Tomato Soup. — Take 1 can of tomatoes, 3 small onions and a pint 
 of water ; stew for 1 hour, remove from stove and strain through a sieve ; add 
 pepper, salt, butter size of a walnut, small pinch of soda, 1 cup of milk; let 
 come to a boil ; crumble into this 4 soda crackers. 
 
 15. Cream of Celery Soup. — Boil 5 celery roots, if they may be had, 
 in salt water until tender, then put through a fine sieve; heat 1 large cup 
 of milk and 1 quart of stock. One large tablespoonful of butter and 2 table- 
 spoonfuls of flour mixed to a cream, add this to the stock arid celery and 
 boil in double boiler until like cream. 
 
 16. Bouillon. — Chop 1 pound of beef (from the round) in very small 
 pieces, and cover with a pint of cold water; add a sprig of parsley and a 
 stalk of celery. Stir with a wooden spoon until the meat is almost white. 
 Let it stand away from the fire for 30 minutes. Place it over the fire and 
 bring quickly to the boiling point; add 1 tea'spoonful of salt and a little 
 pepper. Strain through a napkin, color with caramel and it is ready to 
 serve, 
 
 17. Beef Broth. — One pound of lean beef, minced; 1 quart of cold 
 water; 2 tablespoonfuls of rice; boil 1 hour, strain, and add salt and pepper 
 to taste. 
 
 EGGS. 
 
 Including Various Ways of Cooking Eggs and Making Omelets. 
 
 " New laid eggs whose praise 
 Is sung by pullets with 
 Their morning lays." 
 
 — Saxe. 
 
 The fresher eggs are, the better and more wholesome they will be. 
 Eggs over a week old may be fried but should not be boiled. To tell good 
 from bad eggs they should be put into water. The good ones will lay 
 on their side while those that turn with the large end upward are bad and 
 should be rejected. 
 
 When eggs are plenty and cheap they may be preserved for future use 
 by packing in salt, being careful not to allow them to touch. It seems 
 to be a disputed question whether the large or small ends should be put 
 down. To keep eggs for one's own use they may be dipped in melted 
 wax or in flax seed oil or rubbed with lard, then packed in oats or bran. 
 
 The eggs of ducks and geese are too coarse to be eaten alone, though 
 they are frequently used in cooking. 
 
 In breaking eggs they should be broken separately over a cup, to be 
 sure they are perfect. The shells, washed, may be saved for settling coffee. 
 
 In poaching eggs the hot water should be salted and if a little vinegar 
 is added it will aid in setting the whites. 
 
 Three minutes will boil an egg soft; five minutes will cook the white 
 hard but not the yolk; eight to ten minutes will cook it hard clear through; 
 
EGGS. 143 
 
 ten to fifteen minutes will cook it hard enough to slice or to serve with 
 salads. 
 
 While boiling an egg eight or ten minutes renders it tough and harder 
 to digest, if it be boiled for half an hour it will become tender and mealy 
 and will be more easily digested than either raw or soft boiled eggs. When 
 boiled for half an hour eggs may often be eaten by sick people when they 
 cannot eat them if prepared in any other way. For this reason many doctors 
 now recommend them for convalescents. 
 
 It has been claimed that eggs may be served in nearly six hundred differ- 
 ent ways. However this may be, they form one of man's principal articles 
 of diet and as they are generally obtainable we will give a number of the 
 simpler ways of preparing them so that the housewife may perhaps find 
 several new ways to serve this nutritious food. 
 
 1. Creamed Eggs. — Have a pan of a size that eggs cannot spread much. 
 Butter it thoroughly and break eggs into it c^efully. Put small pieces of 
 butter, and a tablespoonful of cream, over each egg; salt and pepper; bake 
 for about five minutes to have the eggs done; to have them hard and eat 
 cold, bake longer. . 
 
 3. Egg Gems. — Mix together 1 pint of bread crumbs and 1 pint of 
 chopped meat; season with pepper, salt and a little butter; moisten with a 
 little milk or water; heat this mixture thoroughly; fill gem or patty pans 
 with the mixture; break an egg on the top of each and bake until the eggs 
 are cooked. Cold roast beef or pork that is very lean will be especially nice 
 for this dish. 
 
 3. Ox Eyes. — Cut off 3-inch pieces from a long, round loaf of bread; 
 carefully cut the crust and scoop a portion out of the center of each piece; 
 then place in a deep buttered dish ; for 3 pieces, beat well together two eggs 
 and add a pinch of salt and % cup of milk ; baste this over the bread, adding 
 more until all the liquid is absorbed ; carefully break an egg into the cavity in 
 each piece and bake in a hot oven. 
 
 4. Baked Eggs with Cheese. — Butter and place a thin piece of cheese 
 in the bottom of each egg dish; then break carefully an egg into each; for 
 each egg take a tablespoonful of bread crumbs and grated cheese, a dash 
 of paprika and salt sprinkled over each egg ; and on top place a bit of butter 
 and set in a hot oven until eggs are set; serve at once. 
 
 5. Eggs in Tomatoes.^-Take fine tomatoes, one for each person to be 
 served, and cut top off each ; scoop out the seeds and break an egg into 
 each tomato; season with salt, pepper and butter; sprinkle top with bread 
 crumbs and bake in hot oven. 
 
 6. Egg Nest Toast. — Toast as many slices of bread as desired; dip 
 quickly in salted water ; butter and put into a baking pan in the warming oven. 
 Take as many eggs as you have slices of bread ; beat whites to a stiff froth ; 
 place a spoonful on each slice of toast, making a little dent in the center 
 in which place the yolk, and set all in oven to brown lightly ; be very careful 
 not to break any of the yolks as they look very pretty in each nest. 
 
 7. Deviled Eggs. — Cut open 6 hard-boiled eggs and make the filling 
 of the yolks. Mash fine with fork ; add 1 teaspoonful of butter, i/^ spoonful 
 of sugar, pinch of salt and pepper and mustard to taste; add enough vinegar 
 to moisten, and fill the whites; a little chopped ham or lettuce or parsley 
 or cheese may be added if wished. Served on lettuce leaves. 
 
 8. Eggs a la Creole. — Butter the molds well (muffin pans will do), 
 
144 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 scatter finely chopped parsley in the bottom and sides ; break an egg into 
 each mold' and steam or bake until the white is set. Have rice thoroughly 
 boiled and piled in the center of an oblong dish, with eggs arranged around 
 the edge. Pour the following tomato sauce over all : Two cups strained 
 tomatoes, 1 tablespoonful of onion juice, 4 whole cloves, 4 whole peppers 
 and 1 tablespoonful each of parsley, cornstarch, butter and sugar; let boil 15 
 minutes, then add 1 tablespoonful of capers. This is good to lock upon as 
 well as to eat and the sauce is delicious on deviled fish of all kinds. 
 
 9. Shirred Eggs. — Put 1 teaspoonful of cream into each baking cup, 
 or grease gem pans and break an egg into each. Sprinkle with salt and pep- 
 per and pht a small bit of butter on top when no cream is used. Bake in hot 
 oven ten minutes. 
 
 IQ. To Coddle an Egg. — Put the egg into enough boiling water to cover 
 it and at once remove the water from the stove so that the egg will cook 
 slowly ; leave it in the water for 7 or 8 minutes. When broken open the 
 white should look like jelly. 
 
 11. Baked Eggs. — Break eight eggs into a dish that has been well 
 but|:ered; add three tablespoonfuls of cream, salt, pepper and bits of butter; 
 bake in oven for about twenty minutes ; serve while very hot. 
 
 13. Bird's Nest. — After removing the shells from some hard-boiled eggs 
 surround the eg^s with forcemeat ; bake or fry them until well browned ; cut in 
 halves and place in the dish with gravy. 
 
 13. Curried Eggs. — Fry two sliced onions in butter ; add a pint of good 
 stock Qj- broth and a tablespoonful of curry powder; stew till onions are 
 tendei'; add a cup of cream which has been thickened with rice flour or ar- 
 rowroot; simmer a few moments; add eight or ten hard-boiled eggs which 
 have been cut in slices and beat them well, but do not boil. 
 
 14. Egcalloped , Eggs. — Place a layer of bread crumbs moistened with 
 meat broth or rriilk into a well-buttered dish ; slice hard-boiled eggs and dip 
 each sljce in a thick drawn butter sauce to which has been added a well- 
 beaten egg ; put a layer of these slices of egg upon the bread crumbs ; upon 
 the layer of eggs put a thin layer of minced veal, ham or chicken ; then add 
 another layer of bread, etc., finishing with dry, sifted bread crumbs; bake 
 until thoroughly heated. Another way is to mix equal parts of fine bread 
 crumbs and minced ham and season with pepper, salt and melted butter; 
 moisten this with milk until quite soft ; butter the gem pans and fill half full 
 of this mixture; then carefully break an egg upon the top of each; dust 
 with pepper and salt and sprinkle finely powdered crackers over all; bake in 
 the oven for eight minutes and serve at once. 
 
 15. Frizzled Ham and Eggs. — Prepare the skillet with butter or beef 
 drippings and put into it some finely chopped, boiled or fried ham ; pour over 
 this from four to six well-beaten eggs and after it is heated through season 
 with pepper and salt; stir all together; cook until brown and turn without 
 stirring.' 
 
 16. Poached Eggs. — Pyt water into a shallow stew pan over the fire 
 and add salt and a tablespoonful of vinegar. The vinegar aids in "setting" 
 the egg. When the water boils, carefully break the eggs into it one at a 
 time, let them simmer two minutes, take them up carefully with a strainer 
 and serve on toast cut into fancy shapes; garnish with parsley. 
 
 1?'. Fried Eggs. — The frying pan should be perfectly clean when fry- 
 ing eggs; butter, dripping or cottonseed oil may be used. As soon as the 
 
EGGS. 145 
 
 pan is hot break the eggs into a cup and put them one at a time into the 
 pan. As they fry raise the eggs from the bottom and give them a slight 
 shake. Dip some of the hot butter over the yolk. They will be done in 
 two or three minutes and should be taken out and the grease allowed to 
 drain off. Serve on slices of bacon. 
 
 18. Scrambled Eggs, — Melt a tablespoonful of butter over a hot fire, 
 add four beaten eggs and stir quickly for one or two minutes. Salt and 
 pepper to taste. Some increase the quantity by adding three-fourths of a cup 
 of milk. The butter should then be put in first and the other ipgredients 
 added and stirred until the whole thickens. ' When done it should be soft and 
 creamy. Fine served on toast. 
 
 19. Eggs a la Creme. — Slice twelve hard-boiled eggs in thin rings. 
 Spread bits of butter in the bottom of a deep baking dish and put in a layer 
 of bread crumbs and then a layer of the sliced eggs ; cover with bits of butter 
 and dust on pepper and salt. Continue thus till the dish is nearly full. 
 Crumbs spread with bits of butter should cover all the eggs. Over the whole 
 pour a pint of sweet milk or cream and bake in a moderate oven. 
 
 20. Eggs, Newport Style. — Soak a pint of bread crumbs in a pint of 
 milk. Stir the soaked crumbs with eight eggs beaten very light, beating 
 five minutes. Have ready a sauce pan containing two tablespoonfuls of 
 butter which is very hot but not scorching; pour in the mixture of eggs and 
 crumbs and season with salt and pepper as the mixture is stirred and 
 scrambled. Stir quickly with the point of a knife for three minutes or until 
 the mixture is thoroughly heated. This should be served on a hot platter 
 with squares of buttered toast. 
 
 31. Stuffed Eggs. — Cut six hard-boiled eggs in halves, take out the 
 yolks and mash theip fine; add one teaspoonful of cream, two of butter, 
 two or three drops of onion juice, and pepper and salt to taste. Mix thor- 
 oughly and fill the whites with the mixture and put them together. To 
 the filling which is left add a well-beat^ji egg. Cover the eggs with this 
 mixture and roll in cracker crumbs. Put into boiling fat and fry a light 
 brown. 
 
 33. Cupped Eggs. — Take the required number of cups and put into 
 each a spoonful of fiighly seasoned brown gravy; have a sauce pan of boil- 
 ing water on the stove and set the cups into it and when the gravy is 
 heated drop an egg into each cup; take the sauce pan oflf the stove and 
 keep it covered close until the eggs are cooked tender; dredge with salt and 
 nutmeg. Serve in a plate covered with a napkin. 
 
 33. Eggs a la Mode. — Peel a dozen medium sized tomatoes and cut them 
 up in a sauce pan; add salt, pepper and a little butter; when sufficiently 
 boijed add six beaten eggs just before serving and stir one way for two 
 rninutes. 
 
 34. Buttered Eggs. — Heat and grease the muffin irons; break an egg 
 into each ring; put salt, pepper and a lump of butter on each; set in the 
 oven until slightly browned ; remove with a fork and serve hot. 
 
 35. Egg Fricassee. — Warm and butter well some individual vegetable 
 dishes, break a couple of eggs into each, season with pepper and salt, bake ' 
 till the whites are set, serve in the dishes they are baked in and garnish 
 with watercress. 
 
 36. Dropped Eggs. — Lay the muffin rings in a pan of boiling salted 
 water and carefully drop an egg into each ring. When the whites have set 
 
 ?— 10 
 
146 THE PEOPLE'S' HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 take the eggs up with care and lay each on a piece of buttered toast that 
 has been moistened with hot water. Sprinkle each with salt and pepper. 
 
 27. Steamed Eggs. — Break the eggs into a buttered tin plate and set 
 in a steamer over a kettle of boiling water and steam until the whites are 
 cooked. They will keep their form better if broken into patty tins. If 
 cooked in this way the whites will be light and tender and not leathery 
 as when cooked other ways. Excellent for invalids. 
 
 28. Frizzled Eggs. — Put a pinch of salt and a little pepper into a tea- 
 cup with a piece of butter the size of a hazelnut. Break in two eggs with- 
 out stirring and set the cup in a pan of boiling water. When the whites 
 are set, serve at once in the cup they were cooked in. 
 
 29. Potted Eggs. — Pound the yolks of a dozen hard-boiled eggs with 
 anchovy sauce ; mix to a paste with two ounces of fresh butter and season 
 with two teaspoonfuls of salt and one teaspoonful of white pepper.. Have 
 ready some small pots and while filling with the paste strew in the chopped 
 whites of the eggs. Cover the tops with clarified butter. Can not be kept 
 long. 
 
 30. Eggs a la Suisse. — Spread two ounces of fresh butter over the bot- 
 tom of a dish, cover with grated cheese and break eight whole eggs upon the 
 cheese without breaking the yolks. Season with red pepper and salt if 
 needed; pour a little cream over the eggs; sprinkle about two ounces of 
 grated cheese over the top and place in a moderate oven for about fifteen 
 minutes. Brown by passing a hot salamander over the top. 
 
 31. Eggs Brouille. — Cut two mushrooms into dice and fry for a minute* 
 in a tablespopnful of butter. Beat together six eggs, Yz cup of milk or cream, 
 1 teaspoonful of salt and a little pepper and put them in a sauce pan. Add 
 the mushrooms and two tablespoonfuls of butter and stir/ over a moderate 
 fire until the mixture begins to thicken. Remove from the fire and beat 
 rapidly until the mixture becomes thick and creamy. Heap the mixture 
 on slices of toast on a hot dish, "garnish with points of toast and serve at 
 once. 
 
 32. Pickled Eggs. — Boil sixteen eggs for twelve minutes, dip into cold 
 water and remove the shells. Into a stew pan put one quart of vinegar, 
 one-half ounce of Jamaica pepper, one-half ounce of black pepper and one- 
 half ounce of ginger; simmer for ten minutes. Put the eggs into a jar and 
 pour the boiling vinegar over them and when cold tie a bladder over the 
 jar to exclude the air. In a month they will be ready for use. 
 
 33. Eggs a la Bonne Femme. — Boil six large eggs for ten minutes and 
 when cool carefully remove the shells; cut in halves and take out the yolks. 
 Cut a small piece ofif the point of each of the whites that they may stand 
 on end like cups. Make very small dice of cold chicken, ham, boiled beets 
 and the eggs. Fill the whites to the brim with the dice and pile the dice 
 high in the center — two of beets, two of ham and chicken and two of hard 
 yolks. Put some lettuce on dish and arrange the eggs amongst it. 
 
 34. Breaded Eggs. — Cut some hard-boiled , eggs into thick slices; salt 
 and pepper each slice and dip it into beaten raw egg, then in powdered cracker 
 crumbs or very fine bread crumbs and fry in very hot butter. Drain off 
 all the grease and serve while hot. 
 
 35. Lunch Eggs. — Remove the shells from the desired number of hard- 
 boiled eggs and cut the eggs lengthwise in halves. Remove the yolks and 
 
EGGS. 147 
 
 crumble in a bowl. Add pepper, salt, mustard and a I'ttle melted butter; 
 niix thoroughly, fill the whites with the mixture and serve. 
 
 36. Frothed Eggs. — Mix a tablespoonful of water with the juice of a 
 lemon and beat it up with the whites of four eggs and the yolks of eight. 
 Add a pinch of salt and sweeten to taste. Fry carefully (about four minutes) 
 in an omelet pan. Have ready the remaining four whites whipped to a 
 froth with a pound of fine sugar and flavored with lemon or vanilla. Put the 
 omelet on a dish and heap the frothed egg over it. Brown lightly in the 
 oven. For four persons. 
 
 37. Eggs in Paper Cases. — Make a seasoning with a cupful of fine 
 bread crumbs, 1 clove of garlic, 1 teaspoonful of green onions, 1 teaspoonful 
 of chopped parsley, pepper and salt. Paint thickly the inside of six small 
 paper cases with melted butter and sprinkle a little seasoning into each. 
 Break an egg into each case and cover with more of the crumbs. Bake in 
 a gentle oven until the eggs are set, then serve in the cases. The eggs may 
 be baked in small molds if desired and then turned on a dish before serving. 
 
 OMELETS. 
 
 As will be seen from the recipes, opinions differ as to the way an omelet 
 should be made, but the following general directions have given good 
 results. 
 
 The yolks should be beaten lightly. Much beating will make them too 
 thin and it is said that twelve beats is the magic number. Add the milk, 
 pepper, salt and flour if it is used,- and lastly add the whites beaten to a 
 stiff froth. The skillet should be as hot as possible without scorching the 
 butter ; after putting in a tablespoonful of butter the omelet should be poured 
 in and it should begin to bubble and rise in flakes at once. It should be raised 
 from the bottom occasionally with a thin, broad-bladed knife to prevent 
 burning. Fold over as soon as the under side is set enough to hold together. 
 Shake the skillet so as to free the omelet, slide it carefully on a hot platter 
 and serve at once. It should be cooked in from three to five minutes. 
 
 1. Omelet. — One cup of milk, 3 eggs, 1 heaping tablespoonful of flour, 
 and a little salt. Beat the eggs separately ; stir milk, flour and eggs together ; 
 turn into a hot frying pan. Cook with plenty of butter ; cut in quarters and 
 fold over the other. 
 
 2. Potato Omelet. — One cup of cold mashed potatoes, put again through 
 the ricer; 2 eggs, beaten separately; salt; drop from a spoon on a hot, well- 
 buttered skillet; when brown turn and brown on the other side. Serve aVonce. 
 
 3. French Omelet. — Thoroughly beat 8 eggs separately; add to the 
 yolks 8 tablespoonfuls of sweet milk, 1 tablespoonful of flour, 1 tablespoonful 
 of good baking powder, pepper and salt ; beat well together ; then fold in 
 lightly at the last, the beaten whites. Have ready a skillet with melted 
 butter, smoking hot, and pour in the mixture ; let cook on bottom, then put in 
 oven from 5 to 10 minutes; serve at once. 
 
 4. Baked Omelet. — One cup of boiling milk, 6 eggs, 1 teaspoonful of 
 cornstarch, mixed with a little cold milk; season with salt and pepper; beat 
 the yolks of eggs light and pour upon them the boiling milk ; stir in the corn- 
 starch ; whip in the beaten whites of eggs ; have dish well buttered and hot ; 
 then pour in omelet and bake 13 minutes, or until set in middle. Serve 
 at once. 
 
148 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 5. Jelly or Marmalade Omelet. — Make a plain omelet and just before 
 turning one half over the other spread it with jelly or marmalade. 
 
 6. Ham Omelet. — Make a plain omelet and sprinkle on some finely 
 chopped ham just before turning one half over the other. Garnish viritb 
 Small pieces of ham. 
 
 VEGETABLES. 
 
 Serenely full the epicure would say — 
 
 "Fate cannot harm me — I have dined to-day.'' 
 
 ■~Sidney Smith: 
 
 1. Boston Baked Beans. — Wash one quart of sniall white beans and 
 soak them over night in soft water. In the morning drdin and put with 
 them 1 pound of fresh pork and boil until the beans begin to split open. 
 Put them in a colander and rinse with cold water; then put about half of 
 them in an earthen pot, lay in the pork, cover with the remainder of the 
 beans. Mix 1 tablespoonful of molasses and 1 teaspoonful of mustard with 
 a teacup of water and pour over the beans, adding enough boiling water to 
 cover. Bake 4 hours, adding water occasionally. 
 
 2. Corn Oysters. — One pint of green corn, or canned corn will do; 
 a small cup of flour, 1 well-beaten egg, 1 tablespoonful sweet cream, % tea- 
 spoonful of salt. Mix well and fry like oysters in butter. 
 
 3. Corn a la Southern. — To one can chopped corn or kornlet add 3 eggs 
 slightly beaten, % teaspoonful pepper, 1 teaspoonful of salt, II/2 tablespoon' 
 fuls melted butter and 1 piint scalded milk. Turn into buttered pudding dish 
 and bake in slow oven until firm. 
 
 4. Baked Corn. — One can corn, 3 well-beaten eggs, 3 tablespoonfuls 
 butter, 1 tablespoonful sugar, l^ pint sweet milk, pepper and salt to taste ; 
 thicken with cracker crumbs and bake an hour. Very nice for a luncheon. 
 
 5. Corn Pudding.-r-One pint grated corn, 1 pint of milk or, if canned 
 corn is used, then less milk, 1 tablespoonful of flour wet with milk, a pinch 
 of salt, 3 tablespoonfuls sugar, 2 eggs, a few bits of butter on top. Bake 
 about an hour in a slow oven. Stir when beginning to brown. 
 
 6. Celery on Toast. — Use coarse stalks of celery left from table ; Scrape 
 them and cut into half-inch lengths; cover with water and cook very slowly 
 for art hour. When nearly done let the water cbok away until almost diy; 
 cover with a cream dressing made of milk, butter and flour; Season with 
 pepper and salt and serve on small square slices of toast, keeping as hot as 
 possible. 
 
 7. Southern Cabbage. — Chop fine a medium sized cabbage; put into 
 a stew pan with boilihg water to cover ; boil 15 minutes ; drain off all the 
 water and add the following dressing: % teacup vinegar, % as much sugar, 
 pepper and salt, ^ teaspoonful salad oil or butter. When boiling hot add 1 
 teacupful cream or milk and one egg stirred together. Mix thoroughly and at 
 once with cabbage and cook a moment. Serve hot. Very delicate and good. 
 
 8. Cauliflower. — Trim ofif the outside leaves from cauliflowers that are 
 dose and white, cut off the stalk flat at the bottom, let them lie in salt and 
 water, heads down, for an hour before -boiling. Put them in boiling water 
 
VEGETABLES. 149 
 
 with plenty of salt, skim it well and let cook slowly, and take up as soon as 
 done. Too much cooking will spoil it. Cook 15 or 20 minutes, according 
 to size of head. Serve with white sauce. 
 
 9. Egg Plant. — Pare the egg plant and slice it thin; sprinkle each slice 
 with salt; lay slice upon slice and place a plate upon the top. The salt will 
 drain out the disagreeable, bitter flavor. Half an hour before serving wipe 
 each slice dry, dip into beaten egg, then in fine cracker crumbs and fry in 
 plenty of hot butter; drain on a brown wrapping paper as they come from 
 the frying pan, crisp and brown. Serve at once on a hot platter. 
 
 10. Fried Mushrooms. — Peel the mushrooms and put into butter; let 
 them heat thoroughly through (too much cooking toughens them) ; season 
 well with butter, salt and pepper and serve on buttered toast. 
 
 11. Escalloped Onions. — Fill a buttered pudding dish with alternate 
 slices of onions and cracker crumbs (some prefer flour) ; season with butter, 
 salt and pepper and pour over the whole a cup of milk. Bake slowly for 30 
 minutes or until the onions are done. 
 
 12. Baked Onions. — Boil the onions in salt water until tender. Put in 
 a well buttered pan, cover with, bread crumbs and bits of butter, salt and 
 pepper and bake till done. 
 
 13. Creamed Potatoes. — Peel the potatoes and cut into half-inch diet. 
 Cover with water and boil until tender. Drain and, for every pint of po- 
 tatoes, add a cup of cream sauce made as follows : Cook 1 tablespoonful each 
 of flour and butter together until they bubble; then add slowly, while stir- 
 ring, 1 pint of hot milk with salt and a very little pepper, and the whole 
 should be stirred and cooked to a thick cream. Left-over potatoes may be 
 used for this dish. Place them in a stew pan and cover with milk, let simmer 
 until milk is absorbed. Add the cream sauce. 
 
 14. Stuffed Potatoes. — Wash some fine large potatoes and bake until 
 just done; remove from the oven and cut in halves and remove the inside; 
 mash this until very smooth and season with butter and salt or cream and salt. 
 Refill the shells; place in a shallow pan with uncut end down and return to 
 ov-en for 15 minutes, or until a delicate brown, and serve immediately. 
 
 15. Potato Fliiff. — Boil a dozen medium sized potatoes until tender. 
 When done remove the skins and rub through a colander; add ^ pint of 
 hot milk or cream and 2 tablespoonfuls of salt. Beat ulntil soft and then 
 stir in carefully the well-beaten whites of 3 eggs. Heap in a baking dish 
 and bake in the oven. Serve at once. 
 
 16. Glazed Sweet Potatoes. — Wash and pare half a dozen medium sized 
 potatoes. Cook 10 minutes in boiling salted water ; drain, cut in halves length- 
 wise, and put in buttered pan. Make a syrup by boiling % cup sugar, 1 
 tablespoonful butter and 2 tablespoonfuls water, 3 minutes. Brush potatoes 
 with syrup and bake 15 minutes, basting twice with remaining syrup. 
 
 17. Spinach. — Pick and wash the -spinach with great care ; drain it and 
 throw it into boiling water ; cook only a few minutes. Press out all the water; 
 put .spinach into a stew pan with a piece of butter, some salt and pepper, 
 chopping; it while cooking. Serve it with poached eggs, or hard-boiled eggs 
 sliced or grated over the top. 
 
 18. Squash Cakes. — One cup of squash, sifted ; 3 cups of flour or enough 
 to mix thick with a spoon, 1 tablespoonful vinegar, 1 tablespoonful butter, 
 salt, 1 tgg, 1 cup milk, 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder. Bake in, gem pans in 
 a quick oven, or put on a pan by spoonfuls and bake as drop cakes. 
 
150 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 19. Salsify or Vegetable Oyster. — Prepared as vegetable or soup this 
 is a most delicious vegetable if properly cooked. They should be scraped 
 under water or they will turn brown and they should be served as soon as 
 taken from the stove. When used as a vegetable, cut lengthwise; cut in 
 short pieces and cook until tender; drain; and season with butter, salt and 
 pepper and cream, if desired. When used for soup, cut crosswise in thin 
 slices and cook slowly for a long time. A little salt codfish added is a great 
 improvement. 
 
 30. Roasted Tomatoes. — Dip the tomatoes into hot water and remove 
 the skins; cut a piece from the stem end and scoop out a little of the pulp 
 and place a small piece of butter in the cavity; dust ■v^ith salt and a little 
 cayenne pepper; replace the top; sprinkle with crumbs. Put a little piece of 
 butter on each and place on a slice of bread; cut out with a biscuit cutter; 
 put into a baking pan and bake in a moderate oven 15 or 20 minutes. 
 
 31. Tomatoes a la Spanish, — Peel tomatoes without scalding and cut 
 into small pieces. To each pint of tomato add 1 small onion, % teaspoonful 
 salt, 1 teaspoonful sugar and V2 small green hot pepper, leaving out seeds. 
 Cut onion and pepper very fine and add 3 tablespoonfuls of vinegar. Eaten 
 as a relish. 
 
 33. Escalloped Potatoes. — Peel and slice the potatoes and place a layer 
 in a baking dish; sprinkle with flour; season with pepper, salt and butter; 
 repeat this until pan is nearly full ; cover with milk or cream and bake until 
 potatoes are done. 
 
 33. Potato Croquettes. — Pass 6 boiled potatoes through a sieve and add 
 to them 3 tablespoonfuls of ham grated or minced fine, a little grated nut- 
 meg, salt and pepper to taste and chopped parsley; work the yolks of 3 or 
 4 eggs into this mixture, then make in balls and roll in bread crumbs and fry. 
 
 24. Corn and Tomatoes. — Cook the desired amount of tomatoes; then 
 cut the corn from several cobs that have been boiled, add to tomatoes and 
 season well ; cook until corn is thoroughly heated ; if the mixture is too thin, 
 add more corn. 
 
 35. Stewed Onions. — Peel and boil the onions in salted water till tender, 
 changing water twice while boiling; drain; add milk and flour enough to 
 slightly thicken and season with butter, pepper and salt. 
 
 36. Fried Egg Plant. — Peel and cut in slices about % inch thick, sprinkle 
 with a little salt and let it stand 1 or 3 hours; then dip first in beaten egg, 
 then in cracker dust and fry in hot butter ; season with pepper and salt while 
 frying; serve while hot. 
 
 37. Potatoes on Half Shell. — Bake 3 potatoes; carefully cut them in 
 halves lengthwise ; scoop out in hot bowl ; mash and add 1 even tablespoonfiil 
 butter, 1 tablespoonful hot milk, pepper and salt to taste; beat whites of 2 
 eggs stiff and mix; fill the skins with this mixture and brown in oven. 
 
 28. Escalloped Corn. — One can corn, 1 quart milk, % pound rolled 
 crackers, 1 tablespoonful butter, pepper and salt to taste; bake brown in a 
 quick oven. 
 
 39. Potato Rolls. — Roll out a light biscuit dough about V^ inch thick, 
 then cut the potatoes about the same thickness and lay them on the crust 
 and then roll up and put in the pan with your roast, having plenty of water 
 in the pan; after roast is done, lift your roll out on a plate; then make a 
 gravy and serve with roll. This is fine. 
 
 30, Carrots with Milk,— Wash,, scrape and slice the carrots; boil soft, 
 
RELISHES, CHEESE AND CHAFING DISH COOKERY 151 
 
 drain, almost cover with milk, season with salt, pepper and butter; make 
 thickening with milk and flour; stir in carrots, let boil a few minutes and 
 serve. 
 
 31. Potato Puffs. — Stir 2 tablespoonfuls of melted butter into 2 cups 
 of cold mashed potatoes ; beat to a cream and then add 2 beaten eggs, 1 
 cup of milk and salt to taste ; pour into a deep dish and bake in a quick oven. 
 
 32. Escalloped Tomatoes. — Put a layer of bread crumbs in a buttered 
 dish, then a layer of tomatoes, then a layer of corn; sprinkle with pepper, 
 salt and bits of butter (a little onion may be added if desired) ; then an- 
 other layer of crumbs, another of tomatoes, corn and seasoning, until the 
 dish is filled ; the corn may be omitted, it is just as good without. 
 
 33. Stewed Cucumbers. — Slice cucumbers in pieces % inch thick; boil 
 10 minutes in hot water; drain; then add milk, butter, pepper and salt; 
 boil 5 minutes. 
 
 34. Roast Pork and Lima Beans. — Put roast of pork into large roast 
 pan, leave room enough on each side for vegetables ; cook 1 pint of lima 
 beans tender, season with pepper and salt, then put in roast pan on one 
 side of meat, potatoes on the other side; cook until all are done. The beans 
 should be a light brown. 
 
 35. French Stew. — One pound fresh, lean pork, cut in pieces; 2 cups 
 potatoes cut in dice; 3 good sized onions; wat^er to cover the whole; pepper 
 and salt to taste ; cook slowly for 45 minutes. 
 
 36. Fried Tomatoes. — Slice thickly some ripe tomatoes, dip in beaten 
 egg and cracker crumbs and brown in skillet with hot butter, turning often. 
 After tomatoes are taken out make a dressing by adding milk and flour to 
 what remains in skillet. Pour over tomatoes. Salt to taste. 
 
 37. Corn Mock Oysters. — One-half dozen ears of young sweet corn 
 grated, 3 tablespoonfuls of sweet milk, 1 teaspoonful salt, 1 egg, 1 teacup- 
 ful of floui ; drop with a spoon into hot fat or butter and fry as oysters. 
 
 RELISHES, CHEESE, AND CHAFING DISH 
 
 COOKERY. 
 
 Some are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and 
 ' digested. — Bacon. 
 
 1. Macaroni and Cheese. — Boil % box of macaroni in salted ,soft 
 water, wash in cold water, grate a pound of cheese (cream preferred), mix 
 cheese with 1 pint of bread crumbs ; place macaroni in baking dish with 
 cheese and crumbs over it ; season with pepper, salt and butter ; almost cover 
 with milk and set in oven until brown. 
 
 2. A Delicious Omelet. — Four well beaten eggs, 1 cup of milk in which 
 is soaked I/2 cup of bread crumbs, salt to season; mix all and pour in a hot 
 frying pan in which is a generous piece of butter ; cook slowly for 10 minutes 
 and turn out on a hot platter. 
 
 3. Nut Loaf (A Vegetarian Dish). — One cup rolled crackers, 1 cup 
 chopped English walnuts, beaten yolks of 2 eggs, season with pepper and 
 salt, 3 teaspoonfuls sugar, stir in a large cup of sweet milk, fold in the 
 beaten whites of 2 eggs, put in a deep buttered pan and bake in a slow oven, 
 
us THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 4. Deviled Eggs. — Remove the shells from cold hard-boiled eggs, cut 
 in halves and remove the yolks, put in a bawl; add pepper, salt, butter and 
 vinegar to taste ; mix it well v^ith a spoon until srhooth, then put thfe mixture 
 back in the whites; fine for lunch. 
 
 5. Cheese Fouder. — To one cup of rolled crackers add % pint of milk, 
 beaten yolks of 2 eggs, small cup of grated cheese, whites of eggs beaten 
 to a stiff froth ; mix gently and bake 30 minutes in a quick oven. 
 
 6. Plain Rarebit, — One-half pound finely cut cheese, 2 tablespoonfuls 
 butter, pepper to taste and a pinch of salt, % cup of milk or cream, yolks of 
 2 eggs; melt the butter and add cheese, salt and pepper; when the cheese 
 is partly melted, add gradually the cream and the egg yolks slightly beaten ; 
 pour this over a piece of toasted bread cut in small squares. 
 
 7. Creamed Chicken and Mushrooms. — Melt 2 tablespoonfuls of butter 
 with 2 of flour, season with % teaspoonful of celery salt and salt aiid pepper ; 
 stir until smooth, then stir in gradually 1 cup of hot milk. When it has 
 become smooth and thickened, add 2 cups of cold cooked chickert cut in small 
 pieces and I/2 can of mushrooms cut in halves. Stir carefully until hot and 
 serve on toast or in patty shells. 
 
 8. Creamed Oysters. — Add 2 tablespoonfuls of flour to 2 tablespoonfuls 
 of melted butter, mix without browning, add % cup of cream and the liquor 
 from a quart of oysters. Stir until it boils; add i/^ teaspoonful of salt and 
 a dash of white pepper, with a quart of drained oysters; cook well and serve' 
 very hot on toast or large crackers. 
 
 9. Corn Oysters. — Mix in a dish 1 well beaten egg and one cup of 
 chopped corn, also % cup of flour; season highly with pepper and salt; 
 drop the mixture with a spoon to the size of a large oyster on the hot, well- 
 buttered blazer. 
 
 10. Clams a la Newburg. — Melt 2 tablespoonfuls of butter, stir until 
 creamy, then add 1 gill of sherry. Beat together the yolks of 2 eggs, and 
 % pint of cream, add and stir constantly ; when well mixed stir in one pint 
 of clams well trimmed and cook. 
 
 11. Cheese Fondu. — Put a tablespoonful of butter in a dish; when 
 melted add 1 cup of milk, 2 cups of grated cheese, 1 cup of fine bread crumbs, 
 saltspoonful of mustard and a pinch of cayenne. Stir constantly and add 
 just before serving 2 well beaten eggs. 
 
 - 12. Chocolate SoufHe. — Melt 2 ounces of chocolate ; add 4 tablespoonfuls 
 of hot water .and Yz cup of granulated sugar ; cook until smooth ; then add 
 % cup of crearn and 14 cup of milk, stirring constantly. Pour in the yolks 
 of 2 eggs mixed with 1 tablespoonful of cream and, when slightly thick- 
 ened, fold in the whites beaten stiff ; cook. 10 minutes and serve with whipped 
 cream. 
 
 13. Fricassee of Dried Beef. — Melt 1 tablespoonful of butter, with 1/2 
 pint of milk, or cream sauce ; add 1 cup of beef chopped fine (that has been 
 soaked in boiling water for 15 minutes) and 2 beaten eggs and stir until the 
 sauce is thick. Serve on toast. 
 
 14. Cream'ed Chicken. — One cup milk, 2 tablespoonfuls butter, 2 table- 
 spoonfuls flour, salt and pepper, 2 cups chicken meat cut fine. Make sauce 
 as in shrimp wiggle and add chicken, stirring Until hot; serve on toast or 
 crackers. Lobster, dried beef, sweetbreads or crab meat may be used instead 
 of chicken. 
 
RELISHES, CHEESE AND CHAFING DISH COOKERY. 153 
 
 15. Deviled Crabs. — Two tablespoonfuls butter, 2 tablespoonfuls flour, 
 2 tablespoonfuls sherry wine, 1 cup chopped crab meat, % cup milk, 3^ cup 
 chopped mushrooms, yolk of 1 egg, salt and cayenne pepper. Make sauce 
 with butter, flour and milk; stir in yolk of egg beaten slightly, then. wine; 
 now add crab meat, mushrooms, salt and pepper. Serve hot with cheese 
 sandwiches or wafers. 
 
 16. Dreams. — Take 2 pieces of bread of medium thickness and put 
 between them a thin piece of mild American cheese and toast to a good brown 
 in hot butter. 
 
 17. Fricasseed Eggs. — To some veal gravy add a little flour and cream, 
 butter the size of a walnut, nutmeg, pepper, salt, chopped parsley and a 
 few pickled mushrooms. Let the mixture boil up well, then pour it over 
 sliced hard-boiled eggs; arrange on a platter with small bits of toast. 
 
 18. Fruit Canopes. — Beat 2 eggs with % cup of milk, l^/^ tablespoonfuls 
 of sugar and % teaspoonful of Salt. Dip into this small pieces of bread and 
 saute them in the hot, buttered blazer over direct heat. On these pieces 
 of toast spread a spoonful of fig paste, orange marmalade or pineapple and 
 canned peaches ; garnish with whipped cream. 
 
 19. Halibut a la Hollandaise. — Take cooked and flaked halibut and 
 cook in Hollandaise sauce, made as follows: — Take % cup of butter and 
 wash to remove the salt, then divide into 3 pieces; put 1 piece into the 
 blazer and add the yolks of 3 eggs and a tablespoonful of lemon juice. 
 Stir constantly until the butter is melted, thep add the second piece of 
 butter andi as it thickens, add the third piece, also % cup of boiling water. 
 Season with % teaspoonful of salt and a dash of cayenne. 
 
 30. Shrimp Wiggle. — One cup milk, 3 tablespoonfuls butter, 3 table- 
 spoonfuls flour, salt and pepper, 1 can of shrimp, 1 can of peas; put butter 
 in chafing dish ; when melted add flour, salt and pepper, stirring until smooth ; 
 add milk slowly. When the sauce is hot add peas and shrimp (having drained 
 both on taking them from the cans) and cook until heated through. Serve 
 with salted crackers or wafers. 
 
 31. Sardines on Toast. — Drain sardines; heat them through, turning 
 frequently; serve on toast or crackers. 
 
 33. Welsh Rarebit. — One pound chopped cream cheese, % glass of beer 
 or ale, yolk of 1 egg, 1 teaspoonful butter, % teaspoonful dry mustard, a 
 dash of red pepper and a little salt. Melt the butter ; then add the cheese, 
 stirring all the time. When the cheese begins to melt, gradually pour in 
 the beer. When they are well blended add the yolk of the egg, salt, red pep- 
 per and mustard. Stir in well, then pour on toast or crackers 
 
 33. Cheese Balls.-^Grate % pound of cheese, add t^e yolk of 1 egg, a 
 very little red pepper, i/^ cup of chopped English walnuts, and enough 
 sweet cream to roll into balls, size of an English walnut; roll balls in finely 
 chopped parsley. Serve with wafers and . cofifee the last course. 
 
 34. Cheese Ramekins. — Mix chopped or grated cheese with bread 
 crumbs, % cup of cheese to 1 cup of crumbs; cover with milk and bake for 
 15 or 30 minutes. This should be baked and served in individual ramekin 
 dishes. One-half cup of chopped hard-boiled eggs can be added if desired. 
 
 35. Cheese Straws. — Yolks of 3 eggs, 1 pound of grated cheese, 1 tea- 
 spoonful of sugar, 1 teaspoonful of salt, 1 teaspoonful of ground mace, and a 
 yinch of red pepper. Mix all together with enough flour to m^e dough, as for 
 
154 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 pie crust. Roll very thin and cut into strips as narrow or as long as desired. 
 Lay separately in greased pan. Bake in a quick oven to a light brown. 
 
 26. Cheese Sauce for Potatoes. — One tablespoonful of flour, 1 table- 
 spoonful of butter, % pint of milk, % pound cheese, grated ; melt the butter 
 in a pan; add flour and stir until smooth; stir the, milk in gradually and 
 add the cheese. Season with pepper and salt, and serve with mashed potatoes. 
 
 27. Mexican Macaroni. — Into a tablespoonful of hot browned butter 
 stir 1 cup of cooked macaroni, 1 large tomato, 1 small onion, salt and paprika. 
 When well browned add 1 cup of soup stock ; pour into a buttered pan and 
 cover the top with bread or cracker crumbs ; bake half an hour. 
 
 28. Spaghetti. — Break into small pieces 2 cups of spaghetti and boil 
 in salted water until perfectly tender. Butter a baking dish, cover the 
 bottom with a layer of spaghetti, then a layer of tomatoes, then a layer of 
 cheese ; season each layer with paprika, salt and pepper. When the dish 
 is full, finish off with the cheese and pour over this enough milk or cream 
 to cover to the top of the pan. Bake slowly 2 hours, until it is rather dry 
 and a rich brown. 
 
 THE ART OF CANDY MAKING. 
 
 These Secrets, Obtained from an Expert Confectioner, Enable the Housewife 
 
 from a few Recipes to Make Endless Varieties of Candy, Including 
 
 Chocolates, Bonbons, Fudges, Taffies, Caramels, Etc. 
 
 " Sweets for the Sweet." 
 
 At certain seasons and on special occasions, especially at Christmas 
 time, every housewife desires to know something of the art of candy making 
 and to make in her own kitchen and with ordinary cooking utensils, some 
 of the sweets displayed so temptingly in the up-to-date confectionery stores. 
 Candy making, to the layman, is a mysterious art suggestive of bright copper' 
 kettles, white marble slabs, massive cooking furnaces, a confusion of ex- 
 pensive machinery and white-aproned experts with years of experience and 
 a knowledge of many recipes and secret processes, together with a wealth of 
 capital. 
 
 And for the most part confectioners aim to keep all knowledge of their 
 art to themselves and for this reason but few really good recipes find their 
 way into the popular cook books, while no knowledge of the principles under- 
 lying the art are made public. The writer, having had years of experience 
 and having now retired from business, makes known for the first time 
 candy secrets obtained from confectioners whose whole lives have been 
 devoted to the work and who are now operating some of the finest stores 
 in the East. Candies made from several of these recipes have taken prizes 
 in New York City in competition with the best artists of the world. Of 
 course better results are obtained after one has had experience in the work 
 and yet we will endeavor, even at the expense of repetition, to make the proc- 
 ess so clear that the amateur, by carefully following the instructions given, 
 may achieve results rivaling the products of the experienced confectioners 
 
THE ART OF CANDY MAKING. 155 
 
 both in quality and appearance, and yet have the satisfaction of knowing it 
 is " home-made." 
 
 The professional candy maker uses expensive machinery and endless 
 paraphernalia, not because they are necessary to good results, but because 
 he manufactures in large quantities and the saving of time and labor is 
 essential. 
 
 PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT SUGARING OR GRAINING IN MAK- 
 ING ALL KINDS OF CANDY.— 
 
 In making all candies, except those that scorch easily, as soon as the 
 sugar is dissolved and it begins to boil it is well to cover the vessel for a 
 short time, say two or three minutes, that the steam may soften any sugar 
 sticking to the sides of the kettle, then to take a damp cloth and carefully 
 remove all undissolved sugar. This is important that the candy may not 
 " grain " or turn back to sugar. If the candy is one that easily burns and 
 requires stirring the kettle must be cleaned without steaming. 
 
 Either pure glucose or cream of tartar are generally used to prevent 
 " sugaring." Vinegar will do but is not so sure. Be careful also that there 
 is no sugar, not even a few grains, on the platter or marble upon which the 
 candy is poured. Needlessly stirring or handling the batch while cooling 
 will sometimes cause " graining." In spite of all precautions this will some- 
 times happen. It must then be covered with water, again placed on the 
 stove and re-cooked but will seldom be as nice as when cooked but once. 
 
 COLORS. 
 
 If desired, the colors for candies may be made at home instead of being 
 purchased at a confectionery. 
 
 For Red. — Take one-half pint of water, add one ounce of cochineal and 
 boil for five minutes and add one-half ounce of powdered alum, one ounce 
 of cream of tartar and boil for ten minutes. Take from stove and stir at 
 once in two ounces, of sugar and bottle for use. 
 
 For Blue. — Rub indigo in a little water in a saucer. 
 
 For Yellow. — Rub gamboge in water in same way. 
 
 For Green. — Boil spinach leaves in a little water for one minute, strain 
 and bottle. 
 
 TESTING— HOW TO TELL WHEN THE CANDY IS DONE OR HOW 
 LONG IT SHOULD BE COOKED.— 
 
 Candies are cooked for a short or long time, according as a low or 
 high degree of heat, or temperature, is desired. Soft candies are cooked but 
 a short time as only a low degree of temperature is needed. Hard candies 
 are cooked longer or to a higher degree. For trying or testing the temperature, 
 so as to know when the candy is done and should be removed from the stove, 
 the confectioner generally uses a thermometer which he places in the boiling 
 syrup, but as one fit for this purpose is rather expensive the housewife will 
 find it more practical to try or test the candy by dropping a little of the 
 boiling syrup into cold water. The confectioner uses his finger for this 
 purpose by first wetting it in cold water, but it is safer for the beginner 
 to use a spoon. The longer the candy cooks, or the higher the degree of 
 temperature, the harder will it become when a little is thus chilled in cold 
 water. One should try or test it frequently in this manner as it takes but a 
 few moments over a hot fire to raise it from a low to a high degree. In 
 
256 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 spite of care, should it be left on too long arid be too hare when testfed, 
 add a little water to reduce it back and cook until it is of the right consistency 
 when tested again. 
 
 Below we give a table that will enable you to test properly and tell when 
 the candy is done. Then under each recipe we refer you to this table so 
 that you may know just how long each candy should cook. Much of your 
 success depends, upon removing the candy from the stove at the right time. 
 It will be seen from this table that if candy be boiled a short time and then 
 a little be dropped into cold water it can just be felt with the finger or seen 
 as syrup or molasses in the water. This is called the smooth (No. 1, below). 
 If cooked a little longpr and then dropped into water it will stick or cliiig 
 to the finger but is still too soft to p^ive shape or roll into a ball. This is the 
 thread (No. 8, below). If cooked, still longer and again tested it may be rolled 
 between the $ngers into a soft ball and is called the soft ball or feather (No. 3, 
 below). And so it continues to get harder through the various degrees until 
 if cooked long enough and again tested it becomes very hard when cooled 
 in water and may be broken nke glass in the fingers. This is the dry crack 
 (No. 7, below). If a thermometer wrere put into the boiling candy it would 
 be found at the various stages to register the degrees given with each testing. 
 This table may be used in cooking icings and frostings as well as candies. 
 Use cold water. 
 
 TESTING TABLE. 
 
 No. 1. — The Smooth (318 degrees). The boiling syrup or candy can 
 just be detected when dropped into water and is about the consistency of 
 molasses. (Used fbi- crystallizing creams, candies, etc.) 
 
 No. 3. — The Thread (235 degrees). The candy will stick or cling to the 
 finger but will, not retain the shape of a ball when rolled between them. 
 (Used for making liquors, etc.) 
 
 No. 3. — The Soft Ball or Feather (240 degrees). — The candy .when cooled 
 in water and rolled between the fingers will take the form of a soft ball. 
 (Used for fondants, cream goods and fruit candies.) 
 
 No. 4.— The Hard Ball {Uh to 250_degrees). When cooled in water and 
 rolled between the fingers the candy will take the form of a rather hard ball 
 but is not hard enough to crack when bent or broken. (Used for some 
 fondants and creatn goods, such as cocoanut and combination creams.) 
 
 No. 5. — The First Crack (250 degrees). Will just crack when bent or 
 broken between the fingers. (Used for caramels, butter scotch, Japanese 
 cocoanut bars, etc.) 
 
 No. 6. — The Second Crack (8»6 to 260 degrees). Will crack more easily 
 than for first crack and will chew free without sticking to the teeth. (Used 
 for most taffies or candies that are pulled.) 
 
 No. 7.— The Dry Crack (300 to 310 degrees). When cooled in water it 
 will break brittle like glass in the fingers. If cooked much longer the candy 
 will color and burn. (Used for stick candy and all kinds of hard clear 
 candies.) 
 
 FONDANTS. — The basis of cream candies of nearly every description 
 is a combination of sugar, cream of tartar and water cooked together and 
 then stirred and creamed. By confectioners' it is called " fondant." This 
 fondant is variously colored, flavored and combined with chocolate, fruits, 
 nuts, etc., to make chocolates, bonbons and wafers of nearly every descrip- 
 
THE ART OF CANDY MAKING. 157 
 
 tion. The making of fondant is simple if accuracy is observed in following 
 instructions and as it is the foundation of several hundred and in fact, as 
 will be seen later, of several thousand varieties of cream candies, with this 
 secret in her possession and a little experience, the housewife may compete 
 with the confectioner in making endless varieties of toothsojne sweets. 
 
 WHITE FONDANT is made by taking: 
 Four cups granulated sugar 
 Two cups hot water 
 One level teaspoonful cream of tartar. 
 
 Stir over a moderate fire until the sugar is dissolved. When it be- 
 gins to boil, steam and wash the sides of the vessel to remove all sugar, 
 as directed above. Then place over a quick fire and allow it to boil without 
 stirring until it will form a soft ball when tested in cold water. (See No. 
 3 in Testing Table.) Remove from fire and set aside until cool but not en- 
 tirely cold, then stir vigorously with a spoon or wooden paddle until it 
 creams and becomes quite stiff. When too thick to stir, knead it thoroughly 
 in the hands until light and creamy. Do not be afraid of kneading too much. 
 Place in an earthen vessel or crock, keep covered with a damp cloth and in 
 twenty-four hours it will be ready for use, but if the cloth is kept damp it 
 will keep a number of weeks and perhaps several months and be all the better. 
 This is white fondant and is the one mostly used. 
 
 MAPLE FONDANT is made by taking: 
 Four cups broyvn sugar 
 Two cups m^ple syrup 
 Two cups hot water 
 One levfel teaspoonful cream of tartar. 
 
 Cook 4nd treat this the saqie'as white fondant above. 
 
 When taken from the crock, should the top of the fqndant be dry or 
 hard it may be kneaded ^gain until it is all of thfe same consistency. 
 
 To Cplor Fondant. — ^XVork or knead in a little at a time any color de- 
 sired, uptil pf the proper shade. 
 
 To Flavor Fondant. — Work in the desired flavor in the same way to suit 
 \.he taste. 
 
 We will now proceed to the various combinations or cream candies which 
 n^ay be made from fondant. 
 
 CREAM CANDIES. 
 
 Cretin candips include chocolates, bonbons, wafers, etc., and of each 
 there are many varieties. 
 
 1. Chocolatp^.— We will begin with those made from the white fon- 
 dant described above. Color and flavor some of the fondant and roll it into 
 small balls. A Httle starch may be used upon the hands to prevent sticking. 
 Let these stand for an hour or two then dip into melted chocolate. Melt the 
 chocplate by putting it into a dish and setting in a vessel of hot water. For 
 dipping thp drpps use a fork or large needle and lay them upon paraifine or 
 waxed paper tp harden. If the waxed paper is not at hand use common 
 white paper that has been well greased with butter. 
 
 2. Svveet Sweets and Bitter Sweets. — If the fondant is left uncolored 
 and unflavpred two varieties are pbtained by dippjng the drops into either 
 sweet, or bitter chocolate. If flavored with vanilla those dipped in sweet 
 
168 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 chocolate are called " Sweet Sweets " and those dipped in bitter chscolate art 
 called " Bitter Sweets." 
 
 3. Various Chocolates. — The white fondant above may be colored pink, 
 red, blue, yellow, green or orange and rolled and dipped into either bitter or 
 sweet chocolate so that we will have fourteen varieties. Each one of these 
 fourteen, before being rolled and dipped, may be flavored with either vanilla, 
 lemon, pineapple, orange, wintergreen, peppermint, raspberry, strawberry, 
 etc., giving 112 varieties. As soon as dipped in chocolate a nut kernel or 
 piece of candied frui.t may be placed on top of each chocolate. By using 
 English walnuts, black walnuts, pecans, hickory nuts, almonds, hazelnuts, 
 pistachio nuts, filberts, cream nuts, candied cherries, or small pieces of citron 
 or candied pineapple, etc., for this purpose,' the number of varieties is multi- 
 plied by twelve, which makes over 1300 kinds. Instead of placing these 
 nuts and fruits on top of the chocolate drop, the fondant may be rolled around 
 any of them and then dipped in chocolate. By using the various colors and 
 flavors of fondant in this way our 1300 is doubled to 2600 kinds. 
 
 Then the maple fondant may be used in the same number of ways, 
 which ag^in doubles the number of kinds so that we have over 5000 varieties 
 of chocolate drops. In fact the combinations may be multiplied almost in- 
 definitely to suit the taste or fancy of the confectioner and his patrons. 
 
 4. Bonbons. — These are made the same as chocolates except that the 
 rolled fondant is dipped in melted fondant instead of chocolate. Take some 
 of the white fondant in a vessel, set this vessel into a kettle of hot water, 
 until the fondant is dissolved. Dip the drops made from either the white 
 or maple fondant into this melted fondant the same as into the .chocolate for 
 chocolate drops. Or the maple fondant may be melted and used for the 
 coating in the same manner. Both the fondant used for the drops and that 
 melted for the coating may be flavored and colored to suit. Nuts, fruits, 
 etc., may be used the same as with chocolates above, so that even more com^ 
 binations may be m.ade in bonbons than in chocolates and our number of 
 different kinds is again more than doubled, giving a total of more than 10,000 
 varieties of cream candies alone, should one desire to exercise his fancy to 
 that extent. 
 
 5. Wafers. — To make wafers, melt some white fondant as directed 
 above in making tonbons, color and flavor to suit and drop upon waxed 
 paper, making the wafers about the size of a quarter or a little larger. In 
 dropping the melted fondant, a large funnel may be brought into service, 
 using a small, round stick about a foot long as a stopper. Hold the funnel 
 right side up, place the stick in so as to close the small end, fill the funnel 
 with the melted fondant, then open and close the small end of the funnel 
 with the stick, allowing a little of the fondant to drop each time upon the 
 waxed paper. A little practice will be required to make the wafers of 
 uniform size. 
 
 6. Cream Dates. — Cut the date open lengthwise and take out the seed 
 carefully. Refill with enough fondant so that the date cannot quite be closed 
 again. Thus you allow a part of the fondant to show. Then roll in granu- 
 lated sugar or dip each end in melted fondant colored to suit. (See fondant 
 above.) 
 
 7. Cream Grapes. — Clip Malaga grapes from the stem with scissors 
 to prevent leaking of the juice. Dip in melted fondant colored to suit and you 
 have something luscious. 
 
THE ART OF CANDY MAKING. 159 
 
 8. Cocoanut Creams. — When creaming white fondant (fondant for this 
 purpose should be cooked a little longer than that described above, or to a 
 hard ball as in No. 4 of the table for testing) stir in some good shredded 
 cocoanut. After kneading, cut into small squares or bars to suit and dip 
 in melted chocolate. Cocoanut creams are very fine eating. 
 
 9. Combination Cream. — Pour into a small cake pan some melted fon- 
 dant of any desired color. (This fondant should be cooked to a hard ball as 
 in No. 4 of testing table above.) When cool, pour on top of this more 
 melted fondant of another color allowing each layer to cool before adding 
 another. The layers may be of any number, thickness and color desired. 
 When all is cold, carefully take from the pan and cut into slices as you 
 would cake. This makes a very attractive and a very rich candy. 
 
 10. Orangettes. — Make the following fondant: Take 3 pounds granu- 
 lated sugar, Ys teaspoonful cream of tartar and water enough to dissolve. 
 Cook to a hard ball (No. 4 in testing table above), pour upon an ungreased 
 marble or large platter. Add the grated yellow rind of two oranges and 
 the juice of one and stir with spoon or paddle until creamed; knead with 
 the hands until soft and creamy, roll into drops and dip into melted choco- 
 late. Orangettes made from this recipe were awarded the prize in New 
 York City. 
 
 TAFFIES. 
 
 In making candies a confectioner generally has a marble stone or slab or 
 a cooling table made for the purpose upon which to pour the batch of 
 candy when cooked. If these are not available a large platter will answer 
 for domestic purposes. In making taffies this should be well greased with 
 butter to prevent sticking. In the pulling -of taffies the confectioner uses 
 a large iron hook, securely fastened to the wall; and for best results it will 
 be found almost necessary in the making of home-made goods, for the candy 
 can be pulled to much better advantage from a hook than in the hands and 
 will be much more porous and light, which is much to be desired in taffies. 
 A blacksmith will bend an iron to suit but if it is not convenient to have a 
 hook made the candy may be pulled in the hands. Glucose is generally used 
 in taffies instead of cream of tartar to prevent sugaring. Pure glucose is made 
 from grain and is not injurious, as many people suppose. 
 
 VANILLA, ORANGE, LEMON, PINEAPPLE, STRAWBERRY, 
 WINTERGREEN, CINNAMON AND CLOVE TAFFIES.—These taffies 
 are made the same, except that they are diiferently flavored and colored 
 so we will treat them together. Take five pounds granulated sugar, one and 
 one-half pounds of glucose, or if the glucese cannot be obtained use one 
 level teaspoonful of cream tartar in its place. Add enough water to dissolve 
 the sugar. When it boils, cover and steam the vessel two or three minutes 
 to soften any sugar on the sides and then remove all undissolved sugai* 
 with a damp cloth. Cook until, when tested in cold water, it will chew free 
 and not stick to the teeth. This is the second crack as given in No. 6 of the 
 table above for testing. Pour on greased marble or platter. If outer edges 
 cool quickest turn them into center of platter that all may cool evenly, but 
 be careful not to handle unnecessarily or it may go back to " sugar " and need 
 to be recooked. As soon as it is cool enough to handle place on hook and 
 pull. Any color or flavor may be added while on hook and thoroughly 
 pulled in. Vanilla, orange, lemon, pineapple, strawberry, wintergreen, cinna- 
 
160 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 mon and clove are most commonly used in taffies. These eight or ten varie- 
 ties may be obtained from the one cooking if desired. When the taiify is 
 pulled light and full of air and is cool enough to be rather stiff, remove 
 from hook, cut into convenient lengths and place in pans. 
 
 VARIOUS CANDIES. 
 
 1. Butterine Sticks. — Take five pounds of granulated sugar, one and 
 one-half pounds of glucose and one quart of sweet cream. Cook until it 
 forms a soft ball when tested in cold water as described in No. 3 of the table 
 for testing. This must be stirred constantly or the cream will burn. When 
 done remove from fire and rub hard against the sides of the kettle with a 
 knife or paddle until it creams, then before it sets pour on greased marble 
 or plates, allowing it to make a layer about half an inch thick. Before it 
 becomes entirely cold cut into sticks about four inches long and three- 
 fourths of an inch in width. The writer is the originator of Butterines. 
 They have had a great sale and will be found excellent. 
 
 2. Cream Caramels — Vanilla and Chocolate. — Take two quarts of 
 heavy sweet cream, five pounds of granulated sugar and one-half pound of 
 glucose. Stir constantly while cooking to the first crack that can be de- 
 tected when tested in cold water. (No. 5 in testing table above.) Remove 
 from fire and stir in one tablespoonful of vanilla ; pour on greased marble or 
 platter to a depth of half an inch. When cool cut into small squares. 
 
 To make chocolate caramels add from one-fourth to one-half pound of 
 grated chocolate shortly before taking from the stove, allowing only time for 
 the chocolate to dissolve. Cook and treat as above. You will have to 
 use great care to prevent scorching. These caramels will stand without 
 wrapping. This recipe was obtained from a confectioner at the cost of five 
 dollars and it makes one of the finest cream caramels manufactured. 
 
 3. Candy Cough Drops. — ^Take two and one-half pounds of granulated 
 sugar, one-fourth teaspoonful of cream tartar and enough water to dissolve. 
 Cook to the dry crack or until it will break like glass when tested in cold 
 water. (See No. 7 in testing table before given.) After testing place a little 
 in the mouth and if it will not stick to the teeth when chewed it is ready 
 to take from the stove arid pour upon greased marble or platter. When on 
 platter add one-half ounce powdered willow charcoal and one-fourth tablespoon^ 
 ful of oil of anise, fold afld knead thoroughly while as hot as can be handled. 
 Then cut into small pieces or drops with shears. The batch must be handled 
 rapidly or it will cool and harden before cut into convenient pieces. These 
 are some of the best cough drops made and will last a long time. 
 
 4. Peanut Bar Candy. — Take five pounds of granulated sugar, one- 
 fourth pound of glucose and water to dissolve. Cook to a soft ball when 
 tested in cold water, or to No. 3 in testing table previously given. Now add 
 raw shelled peanuts to make the batch quite thick. Stir and cook until the 
 peanuts are thoroughly done and smoke rolls from the kettle. Pour on 
 greased marble or platter and when cool but not cold cut into bars with 
 a large knife. The peanuts may be tested by dropping a few into cold water 
 and biting in two with the teeth. They should be brown and well roasted. 
 Do not forget to steam and wash the undissolved sugar from the sides of 
 the vessel as elsewhere directed. Great care must be exercised for peanut 
 candy very easily sugars and cannot be recooked like most candies. 
 
 5. Qocoanut Bar Candy. — Take five pounds of light brown sugar^ o»e- 
 
THE ART UF CANDY MAKING. 161 
 
 half teaspoonful of cream of tartar and enough water to dissolve. Cook to soft 
 ball, or No. 3 in testing table previously given. Now add one and one-half 
 pounds of shredded cocoanut, stir and cook to first crack, or No. 5. Pour 
 on greased marble or platter making a layer half an inch thick. As soon as 
 cool enough cut into bars. 
 
 PEOPLE'S RECIPES FOR HOME-MADE CANDIES. 
 
 1. Butter Scotch. — Take three-fourths cup of molasses, one cup of 
 sugar, two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, two tablespoonfuls of boiling water 
 and one-half cup of butter. Boil until brittle when tried in cold water, turn 
 into well buttered tins and cut in squares. 
 
 2. Cream Candy. — -Take one cup of sweet cream, two cups of granu- 
 lated' sugar and as much cream of tartar as you can hold on the point of 
 a knife. Do not stir while cooking. Cook thirty minutes, take off and beat, 
 add nuts and flavoring, work into a roll and slice. 
 
 3. Peanut Brittle. — Put one cup of sugar into a frying pan and shake 
 briskly over the fire until the sugar is melted. Then add a cup of chopped 
 peanuts. Take care not to burn the peanuts. 
 
 4. Cracker Jack. — Take two cups of svigar, one cup of molasses and 
 two tablespoonfuls of vinegar. Boil until it cracks when tested in cold water. 
 Then take from the fire, add one-half teaspoonful of soda, beat briskly and 
 pour over pop-corn and chopped peanuts. 
 
 5. Prauline, — Take two pounds of brown sugar, one-half cup of butter, 
 one cup of milk and one tablespoonful of vinegar; boil until it threads, 
 flavor with vanilla, add two quarts of picked nuts and then beat until creamy 
 and pour into pans. 
 
 6. Molasses Taffy. — Two cups of sugar, one cup of molasses, one tea- 
 spoonful of soda and one tablespoonful of vinegar; boil until brittle and pull. 
 
 7. Sea Foam. — Cook two cups of light brown sugar, with enough water 
 to cover it, until it will form a soft ball when dropped into cold water; then 
 add two well beaten whites of eggs and beat constantly until it thickens; 
 drop with a spoon upon greased paper and put half of an English walnut 
 on each piece and let stand until it hardens. 
 
 8. Chewing Taffy. — For two cups of sugar take one cup of water, when 
 it is boiling add two tablespoonfuls of vinegar and a piece of butter the size 
 of a walnut, let cook until it will harden in water, add the flavoring and 
 remove from the stove. ' Pull when it is cool enough. 
 
 9. Marshmallows. — One box of Knox's No. 1 gelatine, sixteen table- 
 spoonfuls of cold water, four cups of granulated sugar, twelve tablespoon- 
 fuls of hot water, one-half teaspoonful of vanilla and a pinch of cream of 
 tartar; put gelatine and water into a large crock and let stand while the 
 sugar is cooking until it threads well ; then mix together and beat constantly 
 for half an hour with a paddle. Line a pan with greased paper and sprinkle 
 with powdered sugar, pour in marshmallow and let stand one hour and 
 then cut and dip in powdered sugar. 
 
 10. January Thaws. — Three-fourths cup of milk or cream, two cups 
 dark brown sugar, a lump of butter the size of an English walnut and one 
 teaspoonful of vanilla. Put sugar and cream into kettle, stir until sugar is 
 dissolved and boil until a soft ball can be formed of a little that has been 
 dropped into cold water and then add butter and vanilla and one-half cup 
 
 2—11 
 
1C2 tHE PEOPLE'S Home recipe book. 
 
 of nuts (walnuts preferred). Beat with a spoon until candy cracks as you 
 beat it. Turn into a buttered dish and cut into squares. 
 
 11. Macaroons. — One and one-half cups of cocoanut, whites of five eggs 
 and one cup of pulverized sugar. Bake twenty minutes in a slow oven on 
 unbuttered paper. When done turn onto buttered paper. 
 
 12. Hickory Nut Kisses. — Three cups of fine granulated sugar, whites 
 of eight eggs and one cup of hickory nut meats. Flavor with vanilla. Beat 
 eggs until very stiff and dry. Beat sugar in lightly, adding a little at a time. 
 Bake on buttered tins in rather slow oven. 
 
 13. Kisses. — Five tablespoonfuls of powdered sugar, whites of three 
 eggs and essence of lemon to flavor. Mix well and drop with a teaspoon on 
 a buttered paper placed in a pan. Sift powdered sugar over them and bake 
 one-half hour in a slow oven. Whip eggs a long time after they are stiff to 
 dry them. 
 
 14. Maple Sugar Candy. — One cup of granulated sugar, one cup of 
 maple sugar, one-half cup of sweet cream, one-half cup of water and a 
 lump of butter the size of a hickory nut. Boil all together until the mixture 
 will hold together when dropped into cold water. Take from the fire and 
 stir until it begins to thicken and then pour into a buttered dish. 
 
 15. Maple Fudge, — One quart of maple syrup and one cup of sweet 
 cream ; cook until it will form a hard ball when dropped into cold water. 
 When, cold, stir until it hardens. 
 
 16. Butter Scotch. — Two cups of granulated sugar, one-fourth cup ot 
 vinegar and one tablespoonful of butter. Boil sugar and vinegar together 
 until almost done and then add butter. Do not stir. Cook until crisp when 
 cooled in water and pour into buttered pan to cool. 
 
 17. Sugar Drops. — Moisten two cups of brown sugar with a little water 
 and boil until it will form 'a ball when dropped into cold water. Have ready 
 the white of an egg, beaten stiff and flavored with vanilla. Pour hot syrup 
 into egg and beat hard. Drop upon plates with a fork. 
 
 PIES. 
 
 No soil upon earth is so dear to our eyes, 
 
 As the soil we first stirred in tei;restrial pies. 
 
 — O. W. Holmes. 
 
 " We've baked the pies you all like best 
 And are willing now to stand the test; 
 The proof of the pudding is in the eating, 
 And the pies we serve there is no beating" 
 
 GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING PIES. 
 
 In the baking of pies it takes much practice to become perfect. One may 
 have the best recipes in the world aiid yet fail but the young housewife 
 should not let this discourage her. 
 
 The secret of pie-making is to use just as little water as possible and 
 get the dough into shape, having everything very cold. Butter or lard for 
 pastry should be fresh, sweet and solid. 
 
 Use a cupful of lard and a teaspoonful of salt to a quart of flour. This 
 
f>tfeS. 163 
 
 quantity will make four crusts, either two pies with covers or four without. 
 The lard should be worked thoroughly into the flour with the fingers before 
 any water is added. Use only a little water and press the dough together 
 hard, then put upon a board that has been well floured. Roll the dough one 
 way only. In warm weather if you are not ready to bake the paste at once 
 after making up, it should be kept on ice till wanted. It improves pastry 
 to lie on ice two or three hours and it may be kept several days if necessary. 
 
 The under crust should be a little thicker than the top. If a pie is made 
 without ah upper crust it is well to have a heavy edge. ' If tin pie pans are 
 used the bottom crust will be better baked than if earthen pans are used. 
 Before putting on the upper crust, wet the rim of the lower with water, or 
 a thick paste of flour and water, or flour and egg; then press the two crusts 
 well together and then loosen all from the pans. This will prevent the burst- 
 ing of the pie. 
 
 If it is a fruit pie a little flour should be dusted over the bottom ; or, 
 the juice will be prevented from soaking through by rubbing some well- 
 beaten egg over the lower crust with a piece of cloth. To prevent the jtiice 
 from running over, a level teaspoonful of cornstarch should be evenly sprink- 
 led over the fruit before the upper crust is put on. 
 
 Always make air holes in the top crust or the pie will burst. It is best 
 not to wash the rolling pin but to scrape the dough ofl^ well and rub with 
 a dry towel. Thus it will always be dry and will never stick if kept well 
 floured. 
 
 Always beat eggs separately. 
 
 Some always grease the pie tins while others sprinkle them with flour. 
 It is safest to grease then^ if the pie is to be removed from the pan before 
 putting on the table. 
 
 To keep pastry from scorching on the bottom sprinkle salt in the oven 
 under the pie tin. 
 
 A nice, flakey, pie dough may be made by lessening the amount of short- 
 ening and adding a level teaspoonful of baking powder to a quart of flour. 
 
 The time for cooking pies varies with the heat of the oven and the kind 
 of pie. Where a rich lemon pie might bake in twenty minutes it probably 
 would require from thirty to forty minutes to bake a green apple pie. 
 , Bake fruit pies in a moderate oven and if possible have a better heat at 
 the bottom than at the top or the lower crust will be " raw." When done, 
 the crust will separate from the pan and may be easily removed. It should 
 be taken from the tin at once and slipped onto a porcelain plate if you would 
 have the bottom crisp instead of soggy; or, stand on a wire cake sieve to allow 
 the air to circulate all around it. 
 
 RECIPES FOR PIES. 
 1. Delicious Apple Pie. — Pare and core 6 or 8 tart apples; boil 1 cup 
 of sugar in % cup of water for 5 minutes; add a heaping teaspoonful of 
 butter and 1 of almond extract ; stir and lay in the apples ; cover ; bake until 
 tender and set aside to cool. Line a deep pie tin with pufif paste ; prick with 
 a fork to keep from blistering and bake; fill with the fruit; spread over the 
 top a meringue made of the whites of 3 eggs and 2 tablespoonfuls of shredded 
 blanched almonds; dust with a tablespoonful of sugar; brown slightly in a 
 cool oven and serve very cold. 
 
 2. Buttermilk Pie. — Make and bake your crust. Filling: two cups of 
 
164 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 buttermilk, yolks of 3 eggs, 1 cup sugar, a little salt, 1 tablespoonful of butter, 
 
 3 tablespoonfuls of flour, 1 teaspoonful of lemon essence. Cook and cool 
 as for lemon pie. 
 
 3. Custard Pie. — One level teaspoonful of flour sifted in 1 cup of sugar ; 
 add 2 eggs; beat together and add milk to ifill pie tins brim full; grate a 
 little nutmeg on top and add a few tiny lumps of butter; bake slowly until 
 by testing the center of the pie with a knife it is found to have thickened. 
 
 4. Cornstarch Pie. — Take 1 quart of milk and heat to boiling; add 
 % cup of sugar, the well-beaten yolks of 3 eggs, and 2 tablespoonfuls of 
 cornstarch dissolved in cold milk ; let boil a few minutes ; remove from fire ; 
 have crust baked; then pour in custard. Beat whites of eggs; add a little 
 sugar; spread on tops of pies and return to oven to brown. This is enough 
 for 2 pies. 
 
 5. Chocolate Pie. — One and one-half cups of bread crumbs, 3 eggs 
 (save the whites for the tops), % cup of granulated sugar, 3 strips of choco- 
 late, 3 pints of milk ; put the crumbs in the milk ; when hot put in the beaten 
 eggs and chocolate and sugar (thinned with a little milk), and let boil until 
 thick ; bake crusts and fill. Enough for 2 large pies. 
 
 6. Chocolate Cream Pie. — Bake a shell of pie crust; have ready a fill- 
 ing made as follows: One-half cup of sugar, the yolks of 2 eggs, 1 square 
 of Baker's chocolate, 2 tablespoonfuls of flour, 1 scant pint of milk, butter 
 the size of a walnut; cook them all together and fill crust; beat whites of 
 eggs and, after spreading on top of pie, sprinkle on sugar and set in oven 
 to brown slightly. 
 
 7. Mock Cherry Pie. — One-half cup chopped raisins, 1 teacup cran- 
 berries, 1 teacup sugar, Yz cup boiling water, 1 tablespoonful of flour; cook 
 for 10 minutes ; flavor with vanilla ; put flour in after it is cooked. 
 
 8. Cocoanut Pie. — Whip 2 eggs into % cup of sugar and mix with 1 
 tablespoonful of butter, 1 cup grated cocoanut, and pour over it 1 pint of 
 milk brought to the boiling point; line a pie plate with pastry crust, leaving 
 high rim ; bake in moderate oven. 
 
 9. Cream Pie. — One cup of water, 2 eggs, 1 tablespoonful of corn- 
 starch, 1/3 cup sugar, 1 heaping teaspoonful of butter, a pinch of salt, flavor 
 with vanilla; when the water is boiling stir in the cornstarch,, the beaten 
 yolks of eggs, with sugar ; stir in the butter and let cool ; add flavor. Bake 
 crtist before filling; beat the whites of eggs with 2 tablespoonfuls sugar for 
 top and put in oven and brown. 
 
 10. Elderberry Pie. — Five tablespoonfuls elderberries, 3 tablespoonfuls 
 sugar, 5 tablespoonfuls molasses, 2 tablespoonfuls cider vinegar, 1 table- 
 spoonful flour sprinkled on top. Bake in 2 crusts. 
 
 11. Lemon Pie. — The juice and grated rind of 1 lemon, 1 tablespoonful 
 of "butter, 1 cup of sugar beaten to a cream, 2 tablespoonfuls sweet milk, 
 
 4 eggs; mix all together and pour into a crust-lined plate and bake; when 
 done, beat the whites of 2 eggs with 2 tablespoonfuls of powdered sugar; 
 spread it over pie and brown in oven. 
 
 12. Molasses Pie. — One and one-half cups of maple syrup, 1 cup of 
 sugar, yolks of 4 eggs, butter the size of an egg, 1 nutmeg ; bake in 1 crust ; 
 remove from oven and cover with the whites of the eggs, beaten with 4 
 tablespoonfuls of sugar ; place in oven and brown. This will make 2 pies. 
 
 13. Mince Meat. — Cook 5 or 6 pounds of beef until tender (let boil 
 until nearly dry), chop very finfe; at the same time mince 3 pounds beef suet, 
 
PIES. 165 
 
 4 pounds currants, 4 pounds raisins, 1 pound citron. Chop fine 4 quarts good, 
 tart, cooking apples; put all in a large pan together; add 3 ounces of cinna- 
 mon, 1 ounce ginger, 1 ounce cloves, 4 nutmegs, the grated rind and juice 
 of 3 lemons, 1 tablespoonful salt, 1 teaspoonful pepper, and 3 pounds sugar; 
 put in a kettle 1 quart boiled cider or 1 quart grape juice, 1 quart of mo- 
 lasses, a lump of butter; let it come to boiling point and pour over contents 
 in pan; mix thoroughly and pack in jars. 
 
 14. Mock Mince Pie. — Two-thirds cup of vinegar, 1 cup of molasses, % 
 cup of water, 1 cup of sugar, 1 cup of bread crumbs, 1 cup of chopped raisins, 
 1 teaspoonful of cloves, 1 teaspoonful of cinnamon, butter size of an egg, 
 nutmeg; cook a few minutes, stirring well. This is enough for 3 pies. 
 
 15. Pumpkin Pie. — One cup of sifted pumpkin, 1 tablespoonful flour, 
 a pinch of salt, 1 teaspoonful ginger, 1 teaspoonful cinnamon, % cup of 
 sugar, 1 beaten egg ; mix well together and pour over 3 cups rich milk ; fill 
 deep pie tin and set in oven at once. It is done when it rises well in the middle. 
 The pumpkin should be washed and cut in cubes and cooked without paring ; 
 when tender sift and return to back part of stove and cook until dry and 
 sweet. This makes one pie. 
 
 16. Rhubarb Pie. — Pour boiling water over 3 teacups of chopped rhu- 
 barb ; let it stand 5 minutes and then drain ; mix with the rhubarb 1 teacup 
 of sugar, the yolk of one egg, a piece of butter and a tablespoonful of flour, 
 moistening the whole with 3 tablespoonfuls of water; bake with 1 crust; 
 make meringue of the white of the egg with 3 tablespoonfuls of sugai-; 
 spread over the top of the pie and brown. 
 
 17. Squash Pie. — One large cup of steamed and strained squash, % cup 
 of sugar, y2 teaspoonful of cinnamon, 14 teaspoonful of salt, i/4 teaspoonful of 
 lemon extract, ^/4 teaspoonful ginger, 1 cup of milk, 3 eggs; bake in one 
 crust. 
 
 18. Transparent Pie. — One cup of butter, 1 cup of brown sugar, yolks 
 of 3 eggs, all well beaten together ; bake with 1 crust. 
 
 19. Vinegar Pie. — One cup of water, 1 cup of sugar, piece of butter size 
 of an egg, % cup of flour, 3 tablespoonfuls of vinegar, pinch of salt, a little 
 nutmeg ; stir all together and boil ; when it becomes thick, pour it into a 
 crust which should be previously baked. 
 
 30. Pie Crust. — One cup lard,' 3 cups flour, a little salt; mix with ice 
 cold water, into a soft dough ; handle as little as possible. 
 
 31. Lemon Cream Pie. — One cup sugar, 1 raw potato grated, 1 cup of 
 water, the grated rind and juice of 1 lemon ; bake in pastry top and bottom ; 
 this will make 1 pie. 
 
 33. Shoo-Fly. — Make regular pie crust and fill as follows : 3 cups 
 boiling water, 1 cup syrup and 3 teaspoonfuls baking soda and crumbs ; pour 
 the boiling water over the, syrup and add the soda. Directions for making 
 the crumbs: One cup qf lard, 3, cups of flour, ly^ cups of sugar; same to be 
 used in place of the top crust. 
 
 33. Pie Dough. — Four cups of flour, a little salt, enough lard to make 
 flour stick together when pressed. Work for about 30 minutes. Then add 
 just enough water to make it hold together. 
 
 24. Pie Plant Pie. — Cut up enough pie plant to fill 6 cups and chop fine ; 
 add 3 cups of sugar, 3 heaping tablespoonfuls of flour, 3 eggs. Bake with 
 3 crusts. This is enough for 4 pies. 
 
 ?5. iR^isin Pie. — One cup finely chopped raisins, 1 cup water, 1 cup 
 
166 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 brown sugar, 1 tablespoonful flour. Boil together until it thickens. Bake 
 between 2 good light crusts. 
 
 SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS. 
 
 To make a perfect salad, there should be a spendthrift for oil, a miser for vinegar, 
 a wise man for salt, and a madcap to stir the ingredients up and mix well together. 
 
 — Spanish Proverb. 
 
 1. Banana Salad. — Slice bananas ; arrange on lettuce leaves ; add a few 
 nuts and the dressing. Oranges sliced very thin, in the proportion of 1 
 orange to 3 or 4 bananas, may be added if preferred. Salad dressing: One 
 teaspoonful salt, 1 teaspoonful Colman's mustard, 1 tablespoonful butter; 2 
 teaspoonfuls sugar, 3 tablespoonfuls cream, 1 teaspoonful cornstarch, yolks 
 of 4 eggs, 1 scant teacup vinegar. Mix and stir in double boiler over fire 
 imtil it begins to thicken; strain. When used, thin with 'Y2 cup cream, 
 whipped. If cream is omitted this may be kept in a cool place for some time. 
 
 3. String Bean Salad. — One cup cold boiled string beans, cut in small 
 pieces ; 3 hard boiled eggs cut in rings ; 3 beets boiled and sliced ; 1 head of 
 lettuce, chopped. Put lettuce leaves on plate ; then salad ; cover with mayon- 
 naise dressing. 
 
 .3. Cherry Salad. — Take some white California cherries and remove 
 the pits, replace with a blanched filbert or hazelnut. Serve on a lettuce leaf 
 with a spoonful of salad dressing, to which a plentiful supply of whipped 
 cream has been added. 
 
 4. Cheese Salad. — ^For this salad use three hard-boiled eggs, l^/^ cups 
 of cheese, grated fine; 1 teaspoonful of mustard, 1/10 of a teaspoonful of 
 cayenne, Yz teaspoonful of salt, 2 tablespoonfuls of salad oil or melted^ butter, 
 3 tablespoonfuls vinegar and a cup of cold chicken chopped rather coarse. 
 Rub yolks of eggs until a smooth paste is formed; gradually add the oil, 
 stirring all the while with a silver fork ; then add' all the seasoning. Mix 
 the cheese and chicken lightly with this dressing and heap the mixture on a 
 pretty dish; garnish with the whites of the eggs cut in circles, and a few 
 white celery leaves or sprig of parsley. Serve with water crackers, cold 
 or toasted. 
 
 5. Corn Salad. — Four red peppers, 13 good ears of corn, 3 quarts of 
 vinegar, 3 tablespoonfuls of salt, ^ pound of ground mustard, 1 cup sugar. 
 Chop 1 head of cabbage and let it drain; chop peppers and cut off corn and 
 mix. Boil all together for 30 minutes. 
 
 6. Fruit Salad. — One dozen oranges, 1 dozen bananas, % dozen good 
 apples, 1 pound Sultana raisins, 1 bunch celery, 1 pound pecans and English 
 walnuts mixed, a few chopped pickles. Pour over fresh mayopnaise dressing. 
 
 7. Mixed Summer Salad. — Two teaspoonfuls of ground mustard leaves, 
 3 heads of lettuce, a handful of watercress, 5 tender radishes, 1 cucumber, 
 3 hard-boiled eggs, 3 teaspoonfuls^ white sugar, 1 teaspoonful each of salt, 
 pepper and mustard; 1 teacupful vinegar, I/2 teacupful oil. Mix all together 
 and serve with a lump of ice in th? middle. 
 
SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS. 167 
 
 8. Sweetbread Salad. — Two pairs of sweetbreads, dropped in boiling 
 salt water and cooked from 30 to 30 minutes, then plunged in very cold water 
 for a few minutes. Take equal quantity of celery and 1 tablespoonful of 
 chopped almonds. In cucumber season, use them in place of the celery; 
 it is fine. 
 
 9. Sardine Salad. — Lay a sardine on a lettuce leaf, and squeeze 3 drops 
 of lemon juice on each fish. Pour over it a spoonful of thick dressing. Gar- 
 nish with cold beets cut in star shape. 
 
 10. Creeim Dressing. — Mix together thoroughly, i/^ tablespoonful mus- 
 tard and salt, 2 tablespoonfuls sugar, 1 tablespoonful flour, 2 eggs, 2% 
 tablespoonfuls melted butter, % cup of cream. Then add slowly % cup vine- 
 gar. Cook in double boiler until it thickens. 
 
 11. Cabbage Salad Dressing, — Six tablespoonfuls cream, 2 raw eggs 
 well beaten, l^ teaspoonful salt, 6 teaspoonfuls vinegar, a small piece of butter ; 
 put on fire and cook, stirring until quite thick; have a half head of cabbage 
 chopped fine ; sprinkle with salt ; add the dressing when cold ; 2 tablespoon- 
 fuls cream. Pour this mixture over cabbage. 
 
 12. Dressing for Yellow Pickles. — One gallon vinegar, % pound brown 
 sugar, 1 ounce celery seed, 1 ounce tumeric, 1 cup flour. Put all the vinegar 
 except 1 quart on the stove; add sugar and celery seed; mix mustard tu- 
 meric and flour with the quart of vinegar; let boil until it thickens; pour over 
 the pickles while hot and seal. Scald the pickles in weak vinegar and drain. 
 Use anything that makes good pickles — small onions, cucumbers, cauliflower, 
 sweet peppers or tomatoes, cut in small pieces. This is very nice for chopped 
 pickles. ^ 
 
 13. Salad Dressing. — Five whole eggs or yolks of 12 ; beat well. One 
 and one-half cups of vinegar, 1 cup melted butter, l/^ cup sugar, 2 tablespoon- 
 fuls mustard. Pour in sauce pan and stir until it boils ; take ofif fire and 
 add 2 teaspoonfuls celery seed and 2 teaspoonfuls salt. This makes a large 
 quantity and should be thinned with cream when used. 
 
 14. StuiTed Tcimato Salad. — Peel 6 smooth tomatoes, remove thin slice 
 from the top of each and take out seeds and pulp. Sprinkle inside with salt, 
 invert and let stand for awhile in a cool place. Drain seeds and pulp, mix 
 with Yi of a cucumber and several stalks of celery chopped. Fill tomatoes 
 and put a spoonful of mayonnaise dressing on each one and place on a lettuce 
 leaf. 
 
 15. Slaw. — To a cabbage head put to boil l^ cup of milk, i^ cup of vine- 
 gar and water mixed, and beat up 2 eggs. Boil milk, vinegar and water 
 together; add a small lump of butter and put the eggs in with the contents. 
 Add a little flour to thicken and also sugar to suit the taste. Salt the cab- 
 bage and add the other when cool. This should be boiled. 
 
 16. Cold Slaw. — One small, solid head of cabbage chopped fine. Take 
 1 egg, % cup of vinegar, ^ teaspoonful salt, % teaspoonful mustard. Mix 
 egg, salt and mustard with vinegar. Cook and pour over cabbage. 
 
 17. Beet Salad. — One can beets, 1 small bunch of celery, 1 pound Eng- 
 lish walnuts. Season with pepper and salt. Mix with mayonnaise dressing. 
 
 18. Apple Salad. — Six apples, 1 bunch of celery. Chop all together, 
 then add 1 cup English walnuts chopped fine ; pour mayonnaise dressing over 
 and serve. 
 
168 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 19. Endive Salad. — Clean and wash the endive, cut up in pieces %-inch 
 long; to 2 cups of endive have about 4 cups of cold boiled potatoes cut in 
 small pieces; take 2 slices of bacon cut in small pieces, fry brown and crisp; 
 to this add a Scant cup of vinegar diluted with water; pour this while warm 
 over the salad; mix well; pepper and salt to taste, and a little sugar if preferred. 
 
 30. Green Bean Salad. — Two quarts of green beans, break into smal) 
 pieces and cook two hours in boiling salt water; drain and cool; add 1 
 large cucumber and 1 onion chopped fine; cover with salad dressing. 
 
 21. Heavenly Hash (or Fruit Salad). — Slice three oranges, 3 bananas; 
 flake half of pineapple, place in layers, sprinkle sugar over each layer, squeeze 
 the juice of one lemon over all, put on ice 3 hours. Grated cocoanut may be 
 added if desired. 
 
 23. Tomato Jelly. — Soak % box of gelatine in i/2 cup of cold water ; cook 
 a can of torriatoes, a stalk of celery, half an onion, a bay leaf, 2 cloves, a 
 teaspoonful of salt and a dash of red pepper ten minutes. Add 2 tablespoon- 
 fuls of vinegar and gelatine. Stir until dissolved; strain and turn into 1 
 large mold or several small ones; when jellied cut in squares, lay each on 
 crisp lettuce leaf, put on a spoonful of salad dressing and serve. 
 
 23. Nut Salad.— Four hard-boiled eggs, 1 pound English walnuts, 1 
 bunch of celery chopped very fine ; mix with any desired salad dressing. 
 
 24. Meat Salad. — Two pounds of meat, 1 pound of pork; boil them to- 
 gether, chop fine; 1 onion, 1 bunch of celery, 2 eggs, lump of butter, 1 cup 
 of vinegar; put on to boil until it gets thick; when cold mix with meat. 
 
 25. Chicken Salad. — One large chicken boiled whole; when thoroughly 
 cold cut into dice; cut into dice also the white part of heads of celery; mix 
 chicken and celery together, then stir well into them a mixture in the pro- 
 portion of 3 tablespoonfuls of vinegar to 1 of oil, wit^ salt and pepper to 
 taste; set in a cold place for an hour or so; just before serving mix with 
 a mayonnaise sauce. 
 
 26. Cold Slaw Dressing. — Two eggs well beaten, 14 teaspoonful melted 
 butter, % teaspoonful salt; beat well together and add 6 tablespoonfuls of 
 vinegar and 3 tablespoonfuls of cream ; put in a pan of boiling water and cook 
 until thick. ' 
 
 27. Mustard Dressing. — One tablespoonful of Coleman's mustard, 1 egg, 
 1 tablespoonful of cornstarch, 1 tablespoonful sugar, 1 tablespoonful salt, 
 a little pepper, 1 teaspoonful celery seed, 1 pint vinegar; mix all together, 
 cook in double boiler until thick. "VVill keep a long time if the air is ex- 
 cluded. 
 
 28. Cheese Salad Dressing. — Two tablespoonfuls of soft, grated cheese 
 pounded until smooth; season with a little cayenne and a teaspoonful of 
 salt; add 1 tablespoonful vinegar and rub till smooth; then add enough oil 
 to moisten. 
 
 29. Mayonnaise. — Mix 1 teaspoonful of salt with 1 teaspoonful of made 
 mustard, 1/4 teaspoonful pepper and % teaspoonful celery seed ; add to 1 cup 
 vinegar, l/^ cup sugar, 3 beaten eggs; stir constantly until it boils. 
 
 30. German Potato Salad. — Boil 6 large potatoes, peel and slice while 
 hot, and pour over the following: Cut 11/2 pounds of lean bacon in small 
 dice and fry brown. Season potatoes with salt, pepper and finely sliced onion ; 
 
SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS. 169 
 
 mix thoroughly with the bacon fat and dice, and then adcj % cup vinegar; 
 garnish with sliced hard-boiled eggs. 
 
 31. Macaroni and Tomatoes. — One cup grated cheese, 1 quart tomatoes, 
 1 cup macaroni cooked in salt water until done; then add tomatoes and 
 cheese with salt, pepper, sugar and butter. 
 
 32. Waldo Salad. — One pint each of celery and apples cut in dice, Vz 
 pint of English walnuts, i/^ pound of white grapes, mix together and when 
 ready to serve cover with mayonnaise dressing. 
 
 33. Salmon Dressing.. — One can of salmon, drained; juice of 2 lemons 
 (or vinegar),. 1 teaspoonful of mustard, yolks of 3 hard-boiled eggs; mix 
 yolks of eggs with the mustard, add to salmon and then add lemon juice 
 or vinegar. 
 
 34. Baked Corn. — Three eggs, i/2 pint of milk, 1 tablespoonful melted 
 butter, 1 tablespoonful sugar, 1 can corn ; beat whites and yolks of eggs sepa- 
 rately; put corn and yolks together; stir hard and add the butter, then the 
 milk gradually, beating all the while; next the sugar and a little salt; lastly, 
 whites of eggs. Bake slowly at first, covering the dish; remove and brown 
 nicely. 
 
 35. Sour Potatoes. — Slice potatoes as for frying; cook in as little water 
 as possible; when soft season with pepper and salt. Beat 1 egg, add about 
 Yz cup of vinegar, stir into potatoes, let boil a few minutes; more vinegar 
 may be added if desired. 
 
 36. Potato Salad. — Boil 6 good sized potatoes and cut into pieces the 
 size of a chestnut ; add 2 tablespoonfuls of melted butter, a small onion 
 chopped fine and season with % teaspoonful each of celery seed, salt and 
 mustard, then add the following dressing : Two eggs, 2 tablespoonfuls sugar, 
 1/^ teacup vinegar, 1/2 teacup water ; boil till thick. 
 
 37. Waldorf Salad with Mayonnaise Dressing. — Cut in small pieces 4 
 fair-sized apples and about 3 stalks of celery and pour over them the juice 
 of 1 lemon ; then add the mayonnaise, mixing it in well. If you wish, add 
 some English walnuts chopped into small pieces. 
 
 Mayonnaise. — Three-fourths tablespoonful vinegar, yolk of one egg, y% 
 teaspoonful salt, 14 teaspoonful mustard, 14 teaspoonful sugar, about % of a 
 small bottle of olive oil ; stir everything together but the olive oil and then 
 drop that in slowly, stirring all the time. 
 
 38. Mayonnaise Dressing. — Beat together the yolks of 3 eggs and all the 
 sugar they will take ; add % teaspoonful each of pepper, salt, celery seed and 
 ground mustard ; add good 1/2 cup of vinegar and cook, stirring constantly ; 
 add a lump of butter about half the size of an egg. The longer yo.u stir it 
 the better it will be. 
 
 39. Salad Dressing. — One beaten egg, 3 tablespoonfuls sugar, l^ tea- 
 spoonful salt, 1 cup vinegar, % teaspoonful mustard, pepper to taste. Boil 
 this and stir into creamed milk and butter. Pour over potatoes cold. 
 
 40. Cream Dressing. — One teaspoonful mustard, 1 teaspoonful salt, 2 
 tablespoonfuls flour, II/2 teaspoonfuls powdered sugar, a little pepper, 1 tea- 
 spoonful melted butter, yolk of 1 egg, % cup hot vinegar, % cup heavy cream ; 
 mix the dry ingredients, add butter and yolk, slightly beaten ; add vinegar 
 slowly. Cook over hot water, stirring until thickened. Add this to the 
 cream beaten until stiff. 
 
ItO THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECtPfi BOOK. 
 
 PUDDINGS AND SAUCES. 
 
 "The proof of the pudding is in the eating." 
 
 PUDDINGS. 
 
 Each ingredient used in making a pudding should be of the best quality. 
 The milk should be strictly fresh and the suet perfectly sweet. Dried cur- 
 rants should be washed carefully and dried in a napkin. The stems and dirt 
 should be removed by rubbing in a coarse towel after whiclj the currants 
 should be seeded. Spices must be finely pounded and only the outside rind 
 of oranges and lemons should be lightly grated ofif. 
 
 For puddings, eggs should always be beaten separately, the yolks strained 
 and the whites added last. Boiled milk should be allowed to. cool before the 
 eggs are added and if fruit is used it should be added last. Puddings are 
 either boiled, baked or steamed. Add a pinch of salt to all puddings and bake 
 them as soon as mixed. Batter and cornstarch puddings require a rather quick 
 oven while bread, rice, custard and fruit puddings should have a moderate 
 heat. 
 
 Boiled puddings will be lighter if boiled in a cloth with full room to 
 swell but some use a mold or bowl with a cloth tied over it. The bagf should 
 be wrung out of hpt water and well floured on the inside. As a rule boiled 
 puddings require twice as long for cooking as those that are baked. Steamed 
 puddings are likely to be lighter and more wholesome than those that are 
 boiled or baked. Put over cold water and do not remove cover while steaming. 
 
 1. Peach or Apple Pudding. — Fill a buttered baking dish with sliced 
 apples or peaches and pour over the top a batter made of 1 tablespoonful 
 of butter, 1 egg, Va cup of sugar, % cup of sweet milk, 1 cup of flour and 
 
 1 teaspoonful of baking powder. Bake in a moderate oven until brown. 
 Serve with cream and sugar. ' 
 
 2. Apple Dicky. — A lump of butter the size of an egg, 1 cup of sugar, 
 
 2 cups of flour, 3 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, I/2 cup of water, 1 egg, a 
 pinch of salt; put sliced apples in a baking dish, pour the batter over them 
 and bake. 
 
 3. Black Pudding. — To one well beaten egg add 1 cup of molasses, 
 1 cup of water, 1 teaspoonful of soda dissolved in hot water, 1 cup of flour. 
 Do not stir. Add V2 cup raisins, % cup currants; stir in flour, raisins and 
 currants; lastly, add 1 pint of bread crumbs. Beat all well together and 
 steam three hours. 
 
 4. Brown Pudding. — One cup of buttermilk, 3 cups of bread crumbs 
 f graham, white or mixed), 1 teaspoonful of soda. Dissolve soda in milk, 
 let stand until soft. One egg, 1 cup brown sugar, 1 teaspoonful cinnamon, 
 1/2 cup butter, 1 cup raisins, 1 cup flour; pour in buttered pan and steam two 
 hours. Good with cream and sauce. Can be steamed over and be as good as 
 fresh. 
 
 5. Bread and Butter Pudding. — Lay 6 slices of well buttered bread 
 in a pudding dish greased with butter and stew with seeded raisins; next 
 beat 3 eggs with 1 cup of sugar, 1 teaspoonful of vanilla crystals, and stir 
 in 1 quart of milk and fill dish. Bake one-half hour in quick oven. 
 
 6. Bird's Nest Pudding. — Stew one pint of apples but do not allow 
 them to cook to pieces; sweeten to taste, having them well covered with 
 
PUDDINGS AND SAUCES, 171 
 
 juice. Take one cup of sweet milk and stir into it enough flour to make a 
 thick batter, adding to the flour 1 teaspoonful of baking powder, a little salt 
 and sugar. Then drop the batter into the boiling sauce and either steam 
 on the stove or bake in the oven. When done grate over with nutmeg and 
 serve while hot with cream. Peaches, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, 
 etc., in season, work equally as well as apples. 
 
 7. Cocoanut and Tapioca Pudding. — One cup of tapioca soaked over 
 night, 1 quart of milk, 1 cup of sugar, yolks of 3 eggs, whites of 2, 2 table- 
 spoonfuls of grated cocoanut; bake half an hour. Use for a frosting the 
 beaten white of one egg, sweetened, with a tablespoonful of cocoanut ; brown 
 in oven. 
 
 8. Steamed Chocolate Pudding. — One cup granulated sugar, yolks of 
 3 eggs, 3 tablespoonfuls sweet milk, 1 ounce melted chocolate, 1 cup flour, 
 3 teaspoonfuls baking powder. To the beaten yolks add sugar and beat until 
 light. Beat whites until v«ry light and mix with baking powder and flour, 
 then add quickly to the other mixture. Put a large spoonful in greased cups 
 and steam half an hour. Sauce : One cup sugar, I/2 cup of butter, beat to a 
 cream ; add 1 teaspoonful vanilla and % cup of milk ; stir constantly over hot 
 water, cooking until smooth and creamy. 
 
 9. Baked Indian Pudding with Hard Sauce. — Stir 6 tablespoonfuls of 
 cornmeal into 1 quart of scalded milk, let it cool just a little. Set aside to 
 cool, then add % cup of sugar, 2 eggs well beaten, % teaspoonful of salt, 1 
 tablespoonful butter, dust of cinnamon. Bake slowly one hour. Sauce: 
 Stir to a cream a full cup of sugar and scant i/^ cup of butter and juice of one 
 lemon. 
 
 10. Fig Pudding. — Two large cups of grated bread crumbs, 1 pound of 
 chopped figs, 2 tablespoonfuls of powdered sugar, 6 tablespoonfuls melted 
 butter, 4 eggs, 3 cups of milk. Butter a pan and sprinkle with bread crumbs. 
 Steam 4 hours. Eat hot with whipped cream or good sauce. 
 
 11. French Pudding. — Cut enough thin slices of bread to fill a quart 
 dish half full, buttering each piece lightly before cutting; lay them loosely 
 in the dish and sprinkle over them % cup of sugar and a little grated nutmeg. 
 Heat 1 quart of milk, beat the yolks of 4 eggs, add to milk just before boiling 
 and immediately pour over bread. Beat the whites, add a little sugar and 
 spread over the pudding. Set in the oven a few minutes to brown slightly 
 and it is ready for the table. Serve with cream. 
 
 13. Fruit Dowdy. — One heaping tablespoonful of butter, 3 large (mix- 
 ing) spoonfuls of flour, salt, 3 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, milk to wet 
 stiff enough to roll. Put any kind of cooked fruit in a basin and the dough 
 over it and bake in a quick oven. 
 
 13. Fruit Pudding. — Two well beaten eggs, 1 cup each, of butter, sugar, 
 molasses and sour milk in which dissolve 1 teaspoonful of soda, 1^ nutmeg 
 grated, 1 teaspoonful cinnamon, % teaspoonful cloves, 1 pound each of raisjns 
 and currants, flour to stir stiff ; bake slowly and when wanted slice and steam 
 and serve with the following sauce : One cup sugar, 1 egg, % cup buttfer, 
 scant tablespoonful cornstarch, 1 cup water; cook in double boiler, remove 
 from fire, flavor with lemon or vanilla. 
 
 14. Lemon Pudding. — Two cups of bread, grated or chopped very fine 
 after removing all the crusts ; grated rind of 1 lemon, yolks of 4 eggs, % cup 
 of sugar, 1 quart of milk ; bake about 20 minutes or half an hour in a good 
 
172 THE PEOPLE'S HCME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 oven. When done spread whites of 4 eggs, well beaten with i/^ cup of sugar 
 and juice of lemon, over the top. Place in the oven and brown lightly. ^ 
 
 15. English Plum Pudding,— One-half pound currants, li/^ pounds 
 "aisins,' ^A pound mixed peel or citron, % pound bread crumbs, % pound of 
 suet, 8 eggs, 1 wine-glassful brandy. Stone and cut raisins in halves. Wash 
 and dry the currants; Mince suet fine; cut candied peel into thin slices and 
 grate bread into fine crumbs. When all these are prepared mix them well 
 together and moisten the mixture with the eggs well beaten and the brandy, 
 and put the pudding into a floured cloth and boil 5 or 6 hours. When done 
 hang up to drain. The day it is to be eaten put into boiling water and boil 
 3 hours, then turn it out of the cloth and serve with any kind of sauce you 
 may prefer. 
 
 16. Simple Plum Pudding. — One cup milk, 1 cup suet chopped fine, y^ 
 cup Currants, 1 cup raisins, 1 cup Orleans molasses, 1% cups flour, 1 table- 
 spoonful citron cut fine, 1 teaspoonful soda, 1 teaspoonful ginger, 14 teaspoon- 
 ful cloves. Heat the milk and suet together slowly but do not boil. Strain 
 through a sieve to take out lumps. Then add molasses and flour and soda, dis- 
 solved in a little hot water; lastly, the spices and fruit, cutting the raisins in 
 two and flouring them ; add a pinch of salt. Put buttered paper in bottom of 
 the pudding dish and steam the pudding 4 hours. Foam Sauce for Plum 
 Pudding: One cup powdered sugar, 3 eggs, % cup boiling milk. 3eat 
 whites and yolks separately. Add sugar to yolks and work it in, then pour 
 on the boiling milk. Set it in very hot (but not boiling) water, stirring now 
 and then until wanted; then beat in lightly the frothed whites and flavor 
 with vanilla, nutmeg or bitter almond. 
 
 17. Prune Pudding.-^Soak one pound of prunes over night, cook soft, 
 remove seeds and whip smooth while hot; 1 cup pulverized sugar. Beat the 
 whites of 2 eggs to a stifif froth, add to the prunes, put in a pudding dish and 
 brown in the oven. Serve with cream when cold. 
 
 18. Quick PufT Pudding. — Stir one pint of flour, a little salt and 3 tea- 
 spoonfuls baking powder into milk until very soft. Place cups well greased 
 with butter in a steamer, put into each cup a small tablespoonful of batter, 
 then berries or other fruit, then another spoonful of batter; cover and steam 
 30 m.inutes. Serve with cream or pudding sauce. 
 
 19. Rice Pudding. — One quart creamy milk, 1 cup rice, 4 eggs, 1 table- 
 spoonful butter, one cup of sugar and a pinch of salt. Boil rice in one pint 
 of milk until tender; remove; add eggs, sugar, milk and salt. Pouf into 
 pudding dish ; add butter in broken pieces on top. Bake in steady oven 
 for half an hour. Serve with simple dressing. 
 
 30. Sponge Pudding. — One cup of sugar, 1 small teaspoonful of butter, 
 yolk of 1 tgg, 1 cup of milk, 3 cups of flour, 3 even teaspoonfuls of baking 
 powder. Steam 1 hour. Sauce: One-half cup of butter, yolk of one egg, 1 
 cup of sugar. Mix well, cook and then add the beaten white of the egg and 
 flavor. 
 
 31. Suet Pudding.— One-half cup of sugar, 1 cup of molasses, 1 cup sour 
 milk, 1 cup suet, 1 cup raisins, 3 cups of flour, 14 teaspoonful of soda and salt, 
 1 nutmeg, and cinnamon. Steam for 3 hours and serve with dip. 
 
 33. Cherry Puffs. — Five teaspoonfuls baking powder, 1 teaspoonful salt, 1 
 cup flour, 3 teaspooafuls of butter, 1/2 cup of milk, 1 cup of canned cherries. (AH 
 measurements level.) Mix the dry ingredients ; put in the butter; add the milk 
 and, when well mixed, the cherries. Steam in buttered molds for 45 minutes. 
 
pyDDINGS AND SAUCES. 173 
 
 i 
 
 Serve with foamy sauce. Foamy Sauce : — Cream %, cup of butter ; add V^ cup 
 of powdered sugar; mix well; add 3 tablespoonfuls of cream and 1 table- 
 spoonful of vanilla. 
 
 23. Strawberry Shortcake. — Two cups of flour, 2 tablespoonfuls of sugar, 
 
 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, % cup of milk, % cup of butter, 1 egg. 
 
 34. Vegetable Pudding. — One cup of grated potatoes, 1 cup of grated 
 carrots, 1 cup of brown sugar, 1 cup of chopped suet, 1 cup of flour (after 
 sifting), 1/^ teaspoonful of soda in 1 tablespoonful of water, % teaspoonful 
 of salt, 1 cup of chopped currants, 1 cup of chopped raisins, allspice to taste. 
 Steam for 3 or 4 hours. 
 
 25. Crystallized Apples. — Boil 1 cup of sugar in 2 cups of water for 
 5 minutes. Pare and core as many apples as desired and place in pan without 
 crowding; cook till tender; lift out carefully and put in baking pan. Sprinkle 
 well with sugar and brown slightly in moderate oven. Boil down the syrup 
 to about a cupful; pour around but hot on the apples. When cool place in 
 a gla^s dish with a little currant jelly on each apple. 
 
 26. Cherry Pudding. — One cup sour milk, 1 teaspoonful soda, 1 cup 
 sugar, 1 egg, 1 cup seeded cherries, flour enough to make a stiff batter ; place 
 in cloth, allowing room for raising; steam 40 minutes. 
 
 27. Currant Pudding. — One-half pound raisins, 1 pound currants, I/2 
 pound of finely chopped suet, 2 cups of sugar, 2 eggs, 1 nutmeg, 2 teaspoon- 
 fuls of cinnamon, 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, 1 teaspoonful soda, 1 cup 
 milk, 1 cup water. Mix together and boil for 5 hours. Serve with cream 
 or dip. 
 
 28. Chocolate Pudding.— One cup of bread crumbs, 1 pint of milk ; put 
 this in a double boiler and scald; yolks of 2 eggs, % cup sugar, 1 teaspoonful 
 vanilla and V-A teaspoonfuls of cocoa or chocolate. Add the milk and bread 
 crumbs to this and bake for 5 or 10 minutes. When done spread beaten' 
 whites of 2 eggs and brown. To be eaten with whipped cream. 
 
 29. Rice Pudding. — Three tablespoonfuls of rice, % cup sugar, 1 quart 
 of milk ; bake slowly 2 hours. 
 
 30. Cheap Pudding.— One quart of flour, 1 cup chopped suet, 1% tea- 
 spoonfuls baking powder; rub flour and suet together; I/2 pound raisins, a 
 pinch of salt, 1 teaspoonful of ground cinnamon, 1 teaspoonful of ground 
 cloves, 1 cup sugar. Mix with water or milk and steam 2. hours. 
 
 31. Cottage Pudding. — One cup milk, 1 cup sugar, 1 egg, lump of butter 
 the size of an egg, 1 pint of flour, a pinch of salt, 1 heaping tedspoonful baking 
 powder. Sauce: — One egg, 1 cup sugar, 1 teaspoonful flour, small piece of 
 butter ; mix and add boiling water ; let come to boil ; flavor with vanilla. 
 
 33. Brown Betty. — Soak old or hard bread and line baking dish with 
 these crumbs. Then put in a layer of apples sliced very thin over which 
 sprinkle sugar and add little bits of butter; make alternate layers of crumbs 
 and apples till dish is full, having the last layer of crumbs. Sprinkle this 
 well with sugar and bits of butter and cinnamon ; add Vz cup water and bake 
 half an hour. To be eaten with sweetened cream. 
 
 33. Lemon Rice Pudding. — One quart of milk, 1 cup rice, yol){s of 3 
 eggs, pinch of salt; cook in slow oven until rice is soft. ' Beat the whites of 
 
 3 eggs, 1 cup sugar, the juice and grated rind of 1 lemon; put on top and 
 return to the oven to brown. 
 
174 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK., 
 
 34. Date Pudding. — Cream a hinip of butter the size of an egg with 
 1 cup of sugar. To this add the beaten yolks of 2 eggs, ^ cup of milk and 
 the whites of 2 eggs beaten to a stiff froth; also- 2^2 scant cups of flour and 
 1 large teaspoonful of baking powder; then add dates or other fruit. Sauce: 
 One egg, 3 tablespoonfuls sugar, 1 tablespoonful of flour; boil and then add 
 extract. 
 
 35. Cup Pudding. — For the batter use 2 eggs, 1 cup sugar, 1% cups of 
 flour, % cup of milk, butter size of walnut, 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder. 
 Fill cups half full of berries or any kind of fresh fruit; place sufficient sugar 
 over the fruit and a spoonful of batter over all; steam 30 minutes. Serve 
 with a sauce. 
 
 36. Orange Pudding. — Peel 4 large oranges and take out all seeds and 
 white. Cut in small pieces. After covering with sugar, let stand 2 hours; 
 then take 1 pint of milk, 2 tablespoonful^ cornstarch, yolk of 1 egg, 1 cup 
 sugar ; cook in double boiler until thick ; pour over oranges and stir all 
 together. Beat white of egg, add a small amount of sugar and cover pud- 
 ding. Brown in oven. i 
 
 37. Quick Apple Dumplings. — Pare and cut into small pieces 6 quick 
 cooking apples; lay these in a deep baking dish or pan; sprinkle sugar over 
 them. Make a batter of 3 cups of flour in which 2 teaspoonfuls of baking 
 powder have been sifted, and a pinch of salt; add enough wa^er to make a 
 very stiff batter, spread this over the apples and steam 30 minutes. To be 
 eaten with sweetened milk or cream. 
 
 38. Snov/ Pudding, — Over y^, box of gelatine pour 1 pint of boiling 
 water; add the juice of 1 lemon and 1^ cups of sugar; when nearly cold, 
 stir in the whites of 2 eggs beaten to a stiff froth. Serve with boiled custard. 
 
 39. Fruit Roll. — One egg, y^ cup sugar, 1% to 2 cups of milk, 1 tea- 
 spoonful of salt, 4 cups sifted flour, 4 teaspoonfuls of Rumford Baking Pow- 
 der, 1 cup cleaned currants or chopped raisins; Sift flour, salt, sugar and 
 baking powder together ; beat &%^ light and add to milk ; flour the fruit 
 and mix all together. Let stand 20 minutes and bake in a moderate oven 
 1^4 hours; cover with buttered paper if baked in open pan. Butter the top 
 with melted butter if covered pans are used. Be sure to cover close while 
 it is standing the 20 minutes. 
 
 40. Bread Pudding. — One pint grated bread crumbs, 1 quart milk, 1 tea- 
 spoonful butter, 1 teacup sugar, 3 eggs, saving whites of two for frosting. 
 While pudding is baking heat the two whites until very stiff; add i/4 cup of 
 sugar and spread on pudding as soon as it comes from oven ; then set in 
 oven again to brown. 
 
 41. Fruit Juice Blanc Mange. — Sweeten 1 cup of fruit juice to taste; 
 then stir 1 tablespoonful of cornstarch into a little of the juice and then into 
 all. Boil until as thick as d«sired. 
 
 42. Raspberry Float. — One pint red raspberries, 1 pint boiling waterj 
 1 cup sugar, 4 level tablespoonfuls cornstarch, 1 tablespoonful lemon juice; 
 put the sugar and cornstarch into a sauce pan, mix thoroughly, pour in boil- 
 ing water and stir constantly over the fire until clear; remove, add lemon 
 juice and berries and serve very cold with cream. 
 
 43. Gelatine Jelly, — One box of Cox's gelatine, 1 pint of cold water ta 
 
PUDDINGS AND SAUCES. 175 
 
 dissolve it, then 3 pints oi boiling water, 2 pounds white sugar, 1 pint white 
 wine and the juice of 3 lemons; pour into a mold and set on ice. 
 
 44. Fruit Puff Pudding. — One pint flour, 3 teaspoonfuls baking powder 
 and 1 teaspoonful salt, mixed thoroughly. Make into a sbft batter with milk. 
 Put into greased cups 1 spoonful of batter, then apples or other fruit and 
 cover with another spoonful of batter. Steam % hour and serve with liquid 
 sauce as follows : One cup sugar, l^ cup butter worked to a cream ; put 1% 
 cups water in a sauce pan; when it begins to boil thicken with flour (mixed 
 in cold water) to a consistency of cream. Take from the fire and stir rapidly 
 into the butter and sugar. Flavor with nutmeg or any desired flavoring. 
 For a sour sauce use vinegar. 
 
 45. Prune Whip. — Beat whites of 4 eggs stiff; add small cup sugar, 
 1/2 teaspoonful vanilla, % cup stewed prunes pitted and chopped fine. Put 
 into buttered baking dish and bake 20 minutes in a moderate oven. 
 
 46. Blanc Mange. — Dissolve one-half box of gelatine by soaking it in 
 a half cup of cold water for an hour. Blanch four ounces of sweet almonds 
 and one-half ounce of bitter almonds and pound them together in a mortar 
 occasionally moistening with orange-flower water. Put the pounded almonds 
 into one quart of fresh cream, set them over a fire and stir constantly till 
 they come to a scald and then pour in the gelatine. 
 
 SAUCES. 
 
 Use brown or powdered sugar for sauces and do not boil them after the 
 butter is added. Instead of wine or brandy, grape or other fruit may be 
 used as a sauce flavor. 
 
 1. Cream Sauce for Puddings. — One-third cup of milk, 1 pint of cream, 
 Ys cup powdered sugar, 14 teaspoonful vanilla. Mix the cream and milk 
 and beat until stiff with an egg beater. Add sugar and vanilla. 
 
 2. Hot Chocolate Sauce for Ice Cream or Pudding. — In a granite sauce 
 pan place 1 pound of light brown sugar, 14 pint fresh milk, 2 ounces of 
 chocolate grated, 1 ounce of good butter. Boil together until it forms a 
 soft ball when dropped into cold water. Take from the stove and flavor 
 with vanilla. Serve hot; can De made beforehand and heated when wanted. 
 
 3. Hard Sauce. — One cup powdered sugar and Y^ cup of butter creamed 
 together, 1 teaspoonful of vanilla. 
 
 4. Lemon Sauce. — One tablespodnful butter, 1 tablespoonful corn- 
 starch, 14 cup sugar, 1 egg, 1 pint boiling water; put cornstarch, egg, sugar 
 and butter together and beat well, then pour c'er them the boiling water ^nd 
 stir over fire until thick ; take from fire and add as much lemon juice as 
 desired. 
 
 5. Pudding Sauce. — One-half cup butter, 1 cup sugar, 1 tablespoonful 
 flour, 1 pint boiiing water; boil; add desired flavor. 
 
 6. Fig Sauce. — Soak figs in cold water or a little sour cider ali night ; 
 the cider is better. Then boil them gently until they are tender. Just 
 before taking them from the fire add sugar to your taste. If you do not use 
 cider the juice of one or two lemons should be used to prevent the sauce 
 from tasting insipid. 
 
176 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 CREAMS AND CUSTARDS. 
 
 " An't please your Honour," quoth the Peasant, 
 " This same dessert is very pleasant." 
 
 —Pope. 
 
 We give herewith a recipe that is the ground work of all creams made 
 with custard: — 
 
 Stir two ounces of lump sugar, or sufficient for the purpose required, 
 into a pint of boiling milk. Have ready the beaten yolks of four eggs and 
 pour the boiling milk over . them. Put into a stew pan, place over a -slow 
 lire and stir with a wooden spoon as briskly as possible for twenty minutes 
 or until it begins to thicken ; then set on the coolest part of the range where 
 it cannot simmer and let it stand for fifteen minutes, stirring occasionally. 
 When the custard is ready it should be poured into a basin and flavored with 
 vanilla, lemon or almond. Stir until cool so as to prevent a skin forming 
 over the top. 
 
 The secret of making a custard is in the stirring and when this is prop- 
 erly done, a custard made with milk and the number of eggs given in this 
 recipe will be as rich as one made with cream and a greater number of eggs. 
 
 For cream and custards, eggs , should be beaten in stone or earthenware 
 but never in tin. 
 
 Custard should always be baked slowly in a moderate oven for too much 
 heat will turn it to whey. The rule for a custard to bake is one cup of 
 sugar, four eggs and one-half teaspoonful of salt to a quart of milk. 
 
 In boiling custard always use a double vessel. It is well to bake cus- 
 tards in small cups to be served to each person 
 
 Remember that nutmeg and cinnamon are used with sugar, and cloves 
 and allspice with meats. 
 
 Only the outer part of lemon rind should be used. A good way is to 
 rub it off with hard lumps of sugar. The sugar thus becomes saturated with 
 the oil of the lemon. 
 
 1. Apple Float. — Beat the whites of 4 eggs to a stiff froth ; add 4 large 
 tablespoonfuls of powdered sugar and beat until fine and dry ; pare 3 large, 
 tart apples and grate into this mixture a little at a time, beating all the while. 
 Have ready a. good sized glass dish. partly filled with whipped cream; heap 
 this by tablespoonfuls over the surface and dot here and there with candied 
 cherries. 
 
 , 3. Apple Snow. — Peel and grate 3 small sour apples, sprinkling over 
 it a small cup of powdered sugar as you grate, in order to keep it from turn- 
 ing dark. Break the whites of 3 eggs into this and beat it constantly for 
 half an hour. Have it on a large platter as it beats up very stiff and light. 
 Heap in a glass dish, pour a fine, smooth custard around it and serve. 
 
 3. Banana Pudding. — Two eggs, 1 quart of milk, 1% teaspoonfuls of 
 cornstarch or flour, 1 teaspoonful of vanilla, 4 tablespoonfuls of sugar; cook 
 in double boiler and when cool pour over 6 bananas sliced very thin. It is 
 like ice cream. 
 
 4. Bavarian Cream. — One and one-half pints of milk, % box of gelatine 
 soaked in % pint of water, 3 eggs, 1 cup of sugar, salt. Put sugar and milk 
 on to heat, then put in yolks mixed in a little of the cold milk, then add gela- 
 tine and the whipped whites of the eggs. Pour over bananas or fruit if 
 desired. 
 
CREAMS AND CUSTARDS. 177 
 
 5. Charlotte Russe. — Soften 1 teaspoonful oi gelatine in enough cold 
 water to cover. When well soaked add a little boiling water to dissolve it 
 and 4 heaping tablespoonfuls granulated sugar. When cool strain slowly 
 into a pint of rich cream that has been chilled and whipped to a stiff froth, 
 beating all the time while adding ingredients. Flavor to fancy. 
 
 6. Cherry Tapioca. — Soak over night 4 tablespoonfuls of tapioca in 
 a pint of water. Take a pint of stoned cherries, add their juice to the tapioca, 
 stir in a pint of water and enough sugar to sweeten, boil gently for 15 minutes. 
 Add the fruit and boil 5 minutes more. Serve very cold with plain or 
 whipped cream. 
 
 7. Custard. — One tablespoonful of flour, 3 of butter and 4 of sugar; 
 stir to a cream, add .the white of 1 egg, pour y^ pint of boiling water over, 
 stirring constantly. When cool, add 1 teaspoonful of vanilla. 
 
 Cake Part for Above. — One-half cup of sugar, yolk of one egg, 1 tea- 
 spoonful of baking powder, 4 tablespoonfuls of water, 1% cups of flour. 
 
 8. Custard Souffle. — Two scant tablespoonfuls each of flour and butter, 
 2 tablespoonfuls of sugar, 1 cup of milk and 4 eggs; let the milk come to a 
 boil. Beat flour and butter together; add gradually to the boiling milk and 
 cook 8 minutes. Beat the sugar and yolks together, add to the cooked mix- 
 ture and set away to cool. When cool add the well beaten whites of eggs. 
 Pour into a well buttered pudding dish, bake 30 minutes and serve with a 
 creamy sauce. 
 
 9. Fruit Jelly. — Soak % box of gelatine in 1 pint of cold water until 
 dissolved; then add 3 cups of sugar, pulp and juice of 1 lemon, 1 pint of 
 boiling water. Strain over any fruit desired and let thicken. 
 
 10. Mock Whipped Cream. — To one large, sour apple, peeled and grated, 
 add the white of one egg and one cup of sugar; beat all together a long 
 time ; flavor with vanilla. Mix apple with sugar as soon as possible after 
 grating to keep the apple from turning dark. This is used like whipped 
 cream and is delicious. Very nice served on squares of sponge cake. 
 
 11. Orange Float. — Slice 2 oranges and lay in sugar for an hour or 
 longer. Make a custard of one pint of water, 1 heaping tablespoonful of 
 cornstarch, 1 cup of sugar and the juice of 1 lemon ; cook until as thick as 
 custard and when cold pour over the oranges. If desired place the beaten 
 whites of 3 eggs on top, sweetened, and brown in oven. 
 
 13. Pretty Pudding. — One cup of water, 1 cup of fruit juice, a pinch of 
 salt, a little sugar if needed, 3 tablespoonfuls of cornstarch ; boil 10 minutes, 
 take oflf and beat in whites of 3 eggs. Cool and serve with a sauce made of 
 1 pint of milk, 3 tablespoonfuls of sugar and the yolks of 3 eggs. Cook and 
 flavor. 
 
 13. Pink Cream. — Three gills of currant or strawberry juice. Mix with 
 y^i, pound of powdered sugar, i/^ pint of thick cream ; whisk until well mixed 
 and serve in a glass disji. 
 
 14. Raspberry Whip. — One cup of powdered sugar, white of one egg, 
 114 cups of berries. Put all in a bowl and beat with wire whisk about half 
 an hour, or until stifif enough to hold in shape. Pile lightly on dish, chill, 
 surround with lady fingers and serve with thick cream. Strawberry whip 
 may be made in the same way. 
 
 15. Russian Cream. — Soak I/2 pound of gelatine for half an hour in a 
 little water; 1 cup of sugar, 1 quart of milk, 4 eggs; mix sugar, milk, yolks 
 of eggs and gelatine together. Set in a kettle of water and boil 30 minutes, 
 
 2—12 
 
178 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 Beat the whites stiff and stir into the custard after taking from the fire. 
 Flavor with vanilla and serve with whipped cream. 
 
 16. Spanish Cream. — Cover oiie-third box of Cox's gelatine with cold 
 water and let it stand for an hour. It should then have absorbed all the water. 
 Heat three cups of .milk; add to it the beaten yolks of 3 eggs, a cup of sugar 
 and the gelatine, with a half teaspoonful of salt. Stir this over the fire and 
 as soon as it comes to a boil remove it to a table and add the beaten whites 
 of 3 eggs and half a teaspoonful of vanilla. Pour this into molds and cool. 
 Give it time enough in a cool place until it becomes firm. 
 
 17: Strawberry Foam. — Mash 1 quart of strawberries with 1 large cup 
 of sugar; rub through a sieve; add % ounce of gelatine, dissolved and strained, 
 Whip 1 pint of cream; beat the whites of 2 eggs and fold into the straw- 
 berry juice; set on ice to chill. Serve in glasses with fancy cakes. 
 
 18. Velvet Cream (Elegant). — Put 3 large spoonfuls of pulverized sugar 
 into % pint of cream beaten to a stiff froth; add a large spoonful of gela- 
 tine dissolved in a little water. Flavor with a teaspoonful of brandy or 
 tablespoonful of sherry; let harden and serve with any fruit juice. 
 
 19. Kiss Pudding. — Beat the yolks of 3 eggs with 'Yz cup of sugar till 
 light ; add 1% tablespoonfuls of cornstarch ; stir in 1 pint of boiling milk ; stir 
 on the stove until thick ; pour into a pudding dish ; beat the whites of the 
 eggs with 1/2 cup of sugar and spread over the top and brown. 
 
 20. Spanish Cream. — Make a soft custard, of 1 quart of milk, 6 table- 
 spoonfuls of sugar, 6 eggs; put 1 box of gelatine dissolved in 1 pint of water 
 over the fire; add the custard; flavor. 
 
 21. Apple Custard. — Take 1 pint of mashed stewed'' apples, 1 pint of 
 sweet milk, 1 cup of sugar, 4 eggs and a little nutmeg; bake slowly. 
 
 22. Charlotte Russe. — Three-fourths quart of rich cream, % pint boiling 
 milk, 2 tablespoonfuls gelatine, 2 tablespoonfuls pulverized sugar, 1 teaspoon- 
 ful vanilla. Put gelatine to soak in a little cold milk, then pour the boiling 
 milk over it. To the cream add sugar and vanilla and whip till stiff; strain 
 the milk containing gelatine and when cold mix with whipped cream, beat- 
 ing while mixing. Lay some slices of stale sponge cake or some lady fingers 
 in a mold; pour mixture over them and set aside until stiff. 
 
 23. Lemon Gelatine. — ^One-half pint cream, whipped, 1 cup gelatine, 2 
 cups granulated sugar boiled to a syrup with water and set aside to get cold; 
 1 cup ground pineapple improves it; vanilla to taste. 
 
 ICE CREAMS, SHERBETS AND ICES. 
 
 "Give us the luxuries of life, and we will dispense with the necessaries." 
 
 Ice cream is richer when cream is used instead of milk ; however, milk 
 alone may be used or milk and cream together. A number of varieties are 
 obtained by adding various flavors and colors to vanilla ice cream, so we 
 will first give a recipe for it. In making such ice cream as lemon, etc., 
 from vanilla ice cream where the extract is used without the fruit, add 
 one tablespoonful of extract to one gallon of vanilla ice cream. Ice cream 
 expands in freezing so that the freezer does not need to be filled at first. 
 
 In making ices be sure to use enough sugar and fruit for part of their 
 
ICE CREAM, SHERBETS AND ICES. 179 
 
 taste is lost in freezing. There must be enough fruit, also, to give body to 
 the ice. 
 
 1. Vanilla and Lemon Ice Cream. — To make a gallon freezer full, take 
 2% quarts of cream, 18 ounces of granulated sugar, 3 eggs well beaten and 
 1 tablespoonful of vanilla extract. Freeze until stiff. To make lemon ice 
 cream add 1 tablespoonful of lemon extract to a gallon of vanilla ice cream. 
 
 2. Chocolate Ice Cream. — Shave 4 ounces of bitter chocolate very fine 
 and add to it, a little at a time, 1 teacup of hot cream, rubbing continually 
 with a spoon till the chocolate is all dissolved and smooth. Whip this thor- 
 oughly into one gallon of vanilla ice cream. 
 
 3. Strawberry Ice Cream. — Wash 1 quart of strawberries, cover with 
 sugar and let stand until the sugar is dissolved, then pass through a fine 
 cloth ; add 1 tablespoonful of strawberry extract and whip into a gallon of 
 vanilla ice cream. 
 
 4. Banana Ice Cream. — Remove all dark spots from 4 bananas, mash 
 thoroughly and whip into 1 gallon of vanilla ice cream. 
 
 5. Almond Ice Cream. — One pint of blanched almonds, 1 pint of milk, 
 1 quart of cream, 1 cup of sugar. Brown the almonds, then pound them 
 to a paste in a mortar; cook the milk and pounded almonds together, then 
 add the sugar and cook for a few moments ; strain the mixture through a 
 sieve, pressing through as much of the almond as possible; when cold add 
 the cream and % teaspoonful of almond extract. Freeze and when hard let 
 stand 2 hours to ripen. 
 
 6. Caramel Ice Cream. — Put 1 quart of milk in a double boiler ; when 
 hot add 1 tablespoonful of cornstarch moistened with milk, yolks of 4 beaten 
 eggs and % cup of sugar ; boil to the consistency of custard. Scorch 1 cup 
 of maple molasses or % pound maple sugar ; add a little water to it, then add 
 to the custard ; cool, add 1 pint of cream and freeze. 
 
 7. Cocoanut Ice Cream. — Grate a large cocoanut very fine; add a cup 
 of sugar and the cocoanut to a quart of cream and a little milk ; when half 
 frozen add the well beaten white of an egg. 
 
 8. Macaroon Ice Cream. — One scant cup of sugar, 1 quart of cream, 
 flavor to taste. If it is not wanted so rich a little milk may be added. Set 
 % pound of macaroons in the oven for a few minutes to become brittle; roll 
 fine and stir into the cream and freeze. 
 
 9. New York Ice Cream. — Scant half cup of flour, 1 pint of milk, 2 
 well beaten eggs. Mix flour smooth with a little of the milk ; add to the rest 
 of the milk and the beaten eggs and % cup of sugar ; boil in a double boiler ; 
 when cool add 1 quart of cream and strain. When nearly frozen add candied 
 fruit that has been cut fine and soaked in 2 tablespoonfuls of sherry, and one 
 more cup of sugar. 
 
 10. Peach Ice Cream. — Slice very ripe fruit and let stand in sugar 
 an hour or two; before using run through a potato masher, or coarse cheese 
 cloth, and add to the partly frozen ice cream. If desired, one or two peaches 
 cut fine but not mashed, may be added at the last. A quart of peaches to 
 a cup of sugar is a good proportion. 
 
 11. Pineapple Ice Cream. — One pint of milk, 1 quart of cream, 1 can 
 of grated pineapple, 1 pound of sugar, the white of an tgg and the juice of 
 a lemon. Heat the milk to the boiling point, stir in the sugar, and set 
 aside to cool ; as soon as the milk is cold add the cream and pineapple and 
 freeze. 
 
180 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 12. Raspberry Ice Cream. — One large cup of sugar, 1 quart of rasp- 
 berries, 1 quart of cream, 1 pint of milk; mash the sugar and berries and 
 let them stand half an hour, then squeeze them through cheese cloth ; after 
 this has been done pour the milk on the pulp and squeeze again until per- 
 fectly dry. There should be nothing left in the cloth but seeds. Add 
 to the cream and freeze. Some add the juice of a lemon. 
 
 13. Roman Cream. — Put %, box of gelatine into 1 quart of milk ; soak a 
 little while, then add the beaten yolks of 2 eggs and 1 cup of sugar; cook for 
 a few minutes, then add the beaten whites ; cool and freeze. To give it a 
 caramel flavor, ssorch some of the sugar. 
 
 14. Lemon Ice. — Take the juice of 6 or 8 lemons and the grated peel of 
 three. Sweeten with sugar or syrup to taste, remembering that part of the 
 flavor is lost in freezing. Add 2 eggs well whipped and ^ ounce of gelatine 
 dissolved in hot water. Strain the whole and freeze. 
 
 15. Orange Ice. — Using oranges in place of lemons proceed as for lemon 
 ice. Add the juice of the two or three lemons as the taste of orange alone 
 is not suiificiently distinct in an ice. 
 
 16. Cherry Ice. — Take 3% quarts of cherry juice and the juice of 3 
 lemons. Add a few drops of the essence of bitter almonds and cochineal to 
 color. Sweeten to taste and freeze. 
 
 17. Currant Ice. — ^Take 3 pints of ripe currants, 1 pint of red rasp- 
 berries and % pint of water. Simmer for a few minutes, strain through a hair 
 sieve, add another ^ pint of water and 13 ounces of sugar and it is ready, for 
 freezing. 
 
 18. Strawberry Ice. — Take 4 pounds of fresh strawberries and the juice 
 of 3 or 3 lemons ; color with cochineal and sweeten to taste. The strawberries 
 and lemon juice with a little sugar should be passed through a sieve, then 
 the rest of the sugar and the color should be added before freezing. 
 
 19. Cranberry Ice. — Stew 1 quart of cranberries in enough water to 
 cover them. When they are soft, mash and strain through a sieve; add one 
 pound of sugar; dissolve one package of lemon Jell-o in a pint of warm 
 water; add to the berries and when cold, freeze. 
 
 20.> Peach Ice. — Four cups granulated sugar, 1 can peaches, juice of 3 
 lemons, whites of 3 eggs, 3 pints water. Cook peaches, lemon juice and 
 sugar together; when cool, add chopped peaches and whites of eggs; freeze. 
 
 31. Currant Sherbet. — One pint of red currant juice, one pound sugar, 
 juice of 3 lemons, 1 pint of boiling water. Dissolve sugar in boiling water; 
 when cold, add currant juice and freeze. Makes 3 pints. 
 
 33. Lemon Sherbet. — One cup of sugar, 1 pint of milk, 1 lemon. Partly 
 freeze the milk and sugar; then add the strained juice of the lemon and freeze 
 stiff. A little cream will improve it. This will make one quart. If desired, 
 one can of pineapple may be added. 
 
 33. Green Grape Sherbet. — Strain one quart of grapes through a cloth ; 
 sweeten to taste. If too acid add from a pint to a pint and a half of water. 
 Beat the whites of 4 eggs, and put the mixture into the freezer and turn slowly 
 until frozen. This quantity makes a good gallon when finished. It is very 
 white arid beautiful and the medical properties of grape juice render it highly 
 digestible. 
 
 34. Orange Sherbet. — One scant pint of cold water, 1 tablespoonful of 
 gelatine, 1 cup sugar, 6 oranges or one pint orange juice, % cup boiling 
 water. Soak gelatine for 10 minutes in % cup of cold water; put sugar and 
 
ICK CREAM, SHERBETS AND ICES. 181 
 
 remainder of cold water into pitcher, also the orange juice; if the oranges 
 are very sour add more sugar. Dissolve the gelatine in the boiling water 
 and add to the mixture. Strain into the can and freeze. 
 
 35. Pineapple Sherbet. — Three lemons, 1 can of pineapple, 3 cups of 
 sugar, 3 quarts of water, whites of 3 eggs. Whip the whites until stiff and 
 add to the mixture after it is frozen ; turn awhile to thoroughly mix it. 
 
 36. Bisque Glace. — One pint sweet milk, 1 quart cream, 1% dozen mac- 
 aroons, % pint sherry wine, % box of gelatine; roll macaroons and soak in 
 wine ; let milk come to a boil and pour over gelatine undissolved. When 
 cold mix all together, sweeten to taste and freeze. 
 
 37. Frozen Fruit. — Six oranges, 1 ten-cent can of pineapple, 1 pound white 
 grapes, 4 lemons, 1 fifteen-cent bottle of cherries, 4 large cups sugar, 1 table- 
 spoonful of gelatine. Cut the cherries and grapes in halves, and pineapple 
 into small pieces; divide the oranges into quarters and remove all pith and 
 dividing skin as far as possible, cutting the fruit into small pieces. Add 
 the juice of the lemons and the gelatine dissolved in cold water and the 
 sugar. Freeze shortly before serying, about as one would freeze sherbet, 
 being careful not to make it too solid. This will serve about 40 people if 
 served in small sherbet cups and costs, including ice to freeze^ about 75 cents. 
 
 38. Maple Frappe. — One large cup of maple syrup, yolks of 4 eggs; 
 cook until smooth, cool, and add 1 quart of cream; freeze. This is sufficient 
 for 10 people. 
 
 89. Three of a Kind. — The juice of 3 lemons and 3 oranges, 3 bananas, 
 mashed fine, 3 scant cups of sugar, 3 cups of water. Mix and freeze. This 
 will make 3 quarts. 
 
 30. Plum Glace. — One and one-half pounds of conserves, pears, pine- 
 apple, cherries, plums, etc. Bake a sponge cake in a long pan, cut in slices, 
 soak the cake in 1 pint of Angelica wine. Make a custard of 1 quart of milk, 
 the yolks of 4 eggs, 3 tablespoonfuls of flour, a little salt and sweeten to taste ; 
 let cool. Put a layer of fruit and cake in mold, then pour over custards 
 Freeze 13 hours with a tight lid over it — like ice cream, only do not stir. 
 Serve with whipped cream flavored with pineapple. 
 
 31. Tutti Frutti. — When vanirfa ice cream is partially frozen add 
 candied cherries, chopped citron, chopped raisins or other candied fruit 
 chopped rather fine. Use about half the quantity of fruit that there is ice 
 cream. 
 
 BEVERAGES. 
 
 Including Punch, Fruit Juices and Home-Made Wines. 
 
 Drink, pretty creature, drink. — Wordsworth. 
 
 "Polly, put the kettle on, and we'll all take tea." 
 
 1. Dandelion Wine, — One full quart of dandelion blooms, 1 gallon 
 water, 1 lemon cut in slices (not peeled), 3^4 pounds of sugar. Put in a kettle 
 
182 THE PEOPLE'S ttOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 and boil 5 minutes, then pour into a jar; when cold, add 2 tablespoonfuls 
 of good yeast. Keep in a warm place 3 days until it ferments, then strain 
 an4, bottle ; cork tightly. 
 
 2. Grape Juice. — Three pounds of sugar to two baskets or 20 pounds 
 of grapes. Wash and break from the stems, barely cover with water, mash 
 and boil from 15 to 20 minutes; then let it slowly drain through cheese 
 cloth; add the sugar and let boil again. Bottle and seal immediately. 
 
 3. Punch. — ^Juice of 3 oranges, juice of 3 lemons, 3 cups of sugar, 2 
 quarts of water, 1 pint of port wine or fruit juice and add a few cherries 
 or pineapple, chopped. 
 
 4. Elder Blossom Wine. — Add 1 gallon ofr boiling water to 1 quart of 
 elder blossoms and let stand 1 hour; then strain and add 3 pounds of sugar; 
 boil a little and skim. Let stand until lukewarm; then add 1 lemon, sHced 
 fine, and 1 tablespoonful good yeast. Let stand 24 hours. Then strain and 
 put into bottles or jugs, filling full until all impurities are worked out. Be 
 sure to fill up jugs as fast as it works out, and the wine will be a beauti- 
 ful amber color. In making this wine, great care should be taken to keep 
 all stems out, as they make the wine taste rank and give it a dark color. 
 
 5. A Grapefruit Cocktail. — Break up the pulp of 2 grapefruit and 
 pour over it % pint of brandy and % pint of sherry. See that this covers 
 the fruit. Sprinkle with sugar and let stand over night. In the morning 
 add % pint of maraschino cherries and the liquor. This may be strained 
 and served without the fruit if preferred. 
 
 6. Raisin Wine. — Two pounds of raisins, seeded and chopped fine, I 
 pound of sugar, 1 lemon and about 2 gallons of boiling water. Put into a 
 stone jar and stir daily for 6 or 8 days; then strain and bottle and put in 
 a cool place for 10 days and it will be ready for use. 
 
 7. Roman Punch. — Make a rich punch of oranges, lemons and pine^ 
 apple. When partly frozen pour into it a pint of rum; some also add the 
 sweetened whites of two eggs. All of the punch can be added or a part re- 
 served and poured over the mixture after placed in the glasses. 
 
 8. Tea Punch. — Six oranges, 6 Jemons, 6 bananas, 1 can grated pine- 
 apple. Make strong tea, about 2 quarts ; add sugar to taste and serve ice cold, 
 
 9. Communion Wine. — ^Twenty pounds of grapes after taking off the 
 stems, 6 quarts of water, 6 pounds granulated sugar. Put grapes and water 
 in stone or earthen jars over the fire until the skins and seeds separate 
 from pulp. Strain through cheese cloth and return to jars ; add sugar and 
 mix thoroughly, using china cup or wooden spoon; use no tin, iron or even 
 silver about the wine. Strain again through fresh cheese cloth and put in 
 jars over the fire. Do not boil it hard but allow it to heat gradually until 
 it begins to simmer or stir from the heat. Bottle at once. 
 
 10. Kentucky Egg Nog. — Stir % of a cup of sugar into 6 eggs that have 
 been beaten until light. When dissolved add 12 tablespoonfuls of best 
 whiskey. The whiskey is intended to cook the egg and the quantity used 
 depends upon its strength. Mix a pint of rich cream with the other in- 
 gredients. This makes 6 glasses of egg nog. Grate a little nutmeg over the 
 top of each glass when filled. 
 
 11. Lamb's Wool. — Boil 3 quarts of sharp cider down to 2 quarts and 
 while it is still boiling add a teacup of brown sugar, also a teaspoonful each 
 
BEVERAGES. , 183 
 
 ci allspice, ginger^ cloves and cinnamon'; place the spice in a bag so it can 
 be removed. Core and bake 6 good cooking apples until well done, scoop the 
 apple out of the peel and put through a sieve. , While the apples are still 
 hot add them, with % teacup of brandy, to the cider and serve hot. 
 
 13. Cream Toddy. — First whip a pint of rich sweet cream, then put 3 
 tablespoonfuls of whiskey and 2 teaspoonfuls of sugar in a glass and fill with 
 whipped cream and stir well; two or three candied cherries may be placed 
 on each glass. 
 
 13. Wassail Bowl. — With half a pound of Demerara sugar mix % 
 oimce of grated ginger, a pinch of powdered cinnamon and half , a grated 
 nutmeg. Put this into a sauce pan with a pint of ale, and let it boil ; then 
 stir in two more pints of ale, half a bottle of Madeira, sherry or raisin wine, 
 and a large lump of sugar which has been rubbed on a fresh lemon rind until 
 the yellow part is taken off. Now let the wine get very hot but do not let 
 it boil. Pour it into a bowl and throw into it six roasted apples and half a 
 small lemon cut in slices with the white pith cut out. Serve very hot. 
 
 '14. A Cranberry Drink. — Put % pint of cranberries over the fire to boil, 
 in another vessel boil half a .gallon of water, the peel of half a lemon and 
 an ounce of oatmeal for ten or fifteen minutes, then add the cranberries and 
 water and a little sugar but not enough to take away the acid of the fruit; 
 put in 2 glasses of wine. Boil for 30 minutes, strain and serve cold. 
 
 15. Orange Toddy. — Take two ounces of powdered sugar, four ounces 
 of strained orange juice, a strip or two of orange rind, half a pound of 
 crushed ice and two ounces of old whiskey. A little shredded pineapple im- 
 proves this recipe greatly. 
 
 16. Milk Punch. — Put the thin rind of half a lemon into a quart of 
 good milk in a double boiler and let it come to a boil. Beat together the 
 yolks of 3 eggs and 4 ounces of sugar. Take the lemon rind from the milk, 
 add the sugar and egg, also 8 tablespoonfuls of rum and 4 tablespoonfuls 
 of whiskey. Whisk until the mixture froths, but do not let it boil again. 
 
 17. Tom and Jerry. — Beat 4 eggs until they are very light. Into each 
 glass put 3 tablespoonfuls of the egg, 3 tablespoonfuls of whiskey and 3 tea- 
 spoonfuls of sugar ; add a pinch of ground cloves, cinnamon and allspice and 
 mix well. Fill the glasses up with boiling water and serve as soon as cool 
 enough to drink. 
 
 18. Grape Juice. — Cover 8 quarts of picked grapes with 2 quarts of 
 water and bring to a boil; strain same as jelly, then add 3 pounds sugar; 
 let boil 8 or 10 minutes, then seal. 
 
 19. Raspberry Vinegar. — Pour 1 quart of wine vinegar over 3 quarts 
 of red raspberries and let stand over night; strain through jelly bag on 3 
 quarts of fresh berries. Next morning repeat this, making in all 6 quarts of 
 berries and 1 quart of wine vinegar. Then to each pint of liquid add % 
 pound of sugar and boil for 30 minutes. Bottle when cold. Proportion for 
 beverage, 2 tablespoonfuls to 1 glass of water. 
 
 30. Blackberry Wine. — First measure the berries and bruise them ; add 
 1 quart of boiling water to each gallon; let the mixture stand 24 hours, 
 stirring occasionally ; then strain off the liquor and put into a cask ; to every 
 gallon add 3 pounds of sugar; cork tight and let stand till the next October, 
 when it will be ready for use. It may be bottled if desired. 
 
184 ' THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 21. Christmas Temperance Punch. — To 4 pounds of sugar and 3 quarts 
 of water add the grated yellow rind of 4 lemons and 6 oranges. Stir until 
 the sugar is dissolved and then boil for 10 minutes. Strain, and when cool 
 add the juice of the oranges and lemons and two tart baked apples which 
 have been passed through a sieve. When wanted, put a small piece of ice 
 in the punch bowl, pour over the syrup, add a pint each of grape juice and 
 ginger ale, and enough efifervescing water to make it palatable. 
 
 23. Farmer's Soda. — ^Strain the juice of a lemon and put into a medium 
 sized tumbler ; after adding a tablespoonf ul of powdered sugar, fill the tumblei 
 % full of cold water; stir until the sugar is dissolved, then add a teaspoonful 
 of soda, stir and drink while efifervescing. 
 
 23. Welsh Nectar. — To a gallon of water add 2 pounds of loaf sugar and. 
 the grated rind of 3 lemons; boil for 10 minutes and when cold, strain. Put 
 into bottles each containing 24 raisins, seeded and chopped fine. Cork and 
 set in a cool place, shaking every day for three or four days. This will keep 
 for a week or two if well corked and in a cool place. 
 
 24. Grape Granite. — To a pint of water add a pound, of sugar and 'boil 
 for 5 minutes.' When taken from the stove add the juice of 1 orange and 
 1 lemon. Add a pint bottle of grape juice when it is cool and chill with ice. 
 
 25. Cherry Shrub. — Take a quart of very ripe stoned cherries and 
 mash through a colander ; add these to a quart of water and a pound of sugar 
 which have been boiled for 5 minutes; also add the juice of a lemon; straili 
 and set aside until cold. Partly freeze or serve with shaved ice. 
 
 26. Various Fruit Waters. — Nearly all kinds of fruit waters are made 
 after the same recipe. Mash the fruit and add enough water and sugar to 
 make of the right flavor and consistency. For instance, to make currant 
 water mash a pound of ripe currants and add ^4 pou/id of raspberries if you 
 have them; strain the juice through a sieve and add a pound of granulated 
 sugar and set aside. When ready to serve add enough water to make it 
 palatable. 
 
 27. Cottage Beer. — Put a peck of good wheat bran and 3 handfuls of 
 hops into 10 gallons of water and boil together until the bran and hops 
 sink to the bottom. Then strain it through a thin cloth into a cooler and 
 add 2 quarts of molasses when it is about lukewarm. As soon as the mo- 
 lasses is dissolved, pour the mixture into a ten-gallon cask and add 2 table- 
 spoonfuls of yeast. When fermentation is over with, cork up the cask and it 
 will be ready for use in four or five days. 
 
 28. Ginger Beer. — Add 6 ounces of bruised ginger to 3 quarts of water 
 and boil for 30 minutes ; add 5 pounds of loaf sugaf, 14 pound of honey, a gill 
 of lemon juice and 1?' quarts more of water ; strain through a cloth and when 
 it is cold add 2 drachms of essence of lemon and the whole of an egg. It 
 may be bottled after it has stood for three or four days. 
 
 29. Spruce Beer. — Add 2 ounces of hops to l^ gallon of water, boil for 
 30 minutes and strain; add 8 gallons of warm water, 1 gallon of molasses 
 and 4 ounces of essence of spruce dissolved in 1 pint of water; put it in a 
 clean cask, shake all well together and add l^ pint of yeast; let stand and 
 work for six or seven days, or less if the weather is warm. When drawn 
 off, add 1 teaspoonful of molasses to each bottle. 
 
CANNING, PRESERVING AND JELLY MAKING. 
 
 185 
 
 CANNING, PRESERVING. AND JELLY 
 
 MAKING. 
 
 "It is the bounty of nature that we live; 
 But a philosophy that we live well." 
 
 — Seneca. 
 
 Canning Table. 
 
 Time for Quantity 
 
 Boiling of Sugar 
 
 Fruit, Per Quart, 
 
 Kind of Fruit, Minutes* Ounces, 
 
 Apricots 10 8 
 
 Apples, Crab 25 6 to 8 
 
 Apples, Sour 10 6 
 
 Blackberries 6 5 to 
 
 Cherries 5 
 
 Currants 6 
 
 Gooseberries 8 , 
 
 Grapes, Wild 10 
 
 Huckleberries 5 
 
 Peaches, in halves j . . 8 
 
 Peaches, whole 15 
 
 Plums 10 4 to 
 
 Pineapple 15 4 to 
 
 Pears, Bartlet, in halves 20 4 to 
 
 Pears, small, sour, whole 30 
 
 Quinces 30 8 to 
 
 Rhubarb 10 8 to 
 
 Raspberries 6 
 
 Strawberries 8 6 to 
 
 Tomatoes 30 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 10 
 10 
 4 
 8 
 
 
 Remember that one level cupful of granulated sugar weighs about eight 
 ounces. 
 
 CANNED FRUITS. 
 
 (All Kinds.) 
 
 When canning fruit see that the cans and elastics are perfect and that the 
 tops fit properly. Put the cans and covers into a kettle of water and bring 
 slowly to the boiling point. Dipping the elastics into the boiling water will 
 be suf5ficient to sterilize them. Set the cans in a pan on the stove and fill 
 to overflowing with the fruit which should be boiling hot. Put the top on 
 quickly and screw it down tightly. As the fruit cools the tops should be 
 screwed- down again and again to keep tight. It is best to use glass cans. 
 To test whether they are air tight turn them upside down as soon as they 
 are filled. The juice will ooze out if they are not air tight. Each can should 
 be wrapped with paper to exclude the light and then set in a dark place that 
 is cool but dry. The cans should be examined two or three days after filling, 
 and if syrup leaks out from the rim the fruit should be recooked and us^(j 
 for jam or jelly. 
 
186 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 PRESERVES. 
 
 (All Kinds.) 
 
 Preserves must be made with the greatest care. As soon as pared, 
 peaches, pears, apples and quinces should be placed in cold water to keep 
 them from turning dark. Many fruits, such as pears, quinces, citrons, water- 
 melon rinds, cherries, currants, etc., harden when put at first into a thick 
 syrup. To prevent this they should be cooked first in water or thin syrup 
 and the rest of the sugar added later. Apples, peaches, plums, tomatoes and 
 strawberries are likely to become too soft in cooking. It is a good plan 
 to pour the hot syrup over these fruits or to put the sugar over them and 
 let them stand several hours. Either method extracts the juice and hardens 
 the fruit. 
 
 Preserves should boil gently to avoid burning and to let the sugar 
 penetrate the fruit. As a general rule, from three-fourths to a pound of 
 either loaf or granulated sugar is used for each pound of fruit. Put sugar 
 and water over the fire in a porcelain kettle. Beat lightly the white 
 of an egg with two tablespoonfuls of water and add to the syrup just be- 
 fore it boils. As it begins to boil the scum should be carefully removed. 
 
 CANNING FRUITS, MAKING PRESERVES, JELLIES, ETC. 
 
 Simmer until the preserves are clear, then take out each piece with a 
 skimmer and put at once into the jars. Stew the syrup until it " ropes " 
 from the spoon, skimming off the scum which arises; then pour the syrup 
 over the fruit in the jars and seal. When preserving apples or peaches it 
 is an improvement to add a few slices of lemon or orange. To keep pre- 
 serves from sugaring add a little tartaric - when cooked. 
 
 MARMALADES. 
 
 Marmalades and fruit butters will require less boiling and will be 
 smoother and better flavored if the fruit is well cooked and mashed before 
 adding either sugar or vinegar. They should be stirred constantly with an 
 apple butter stirrer. 
 
 JELLIES. 
 
 For jelly, select fruit that is not too ripe as it wil! jelly better and have 
 a better flavor. It should be heated as the juice can then be better extracted. 
 Jelly should be strained twice and will be much lighter if allowed to hang and 
 drip over night. Heat the juice, then add the sugar which should fjrst be 
 heated in the oven. Jelly should be boiled rapidly in a pan with a large bottom. 
 It should not stop boiling till done, which usually requires fifteen or twenty 
 , minutes. If a little gelatine.be added it will not need to be cooked so long 
 and will be of a lighter color. After the glasses are filled they should be set 
 in the sun till cold, then a piece of writing paper should be placed directly 
 on the jelly and another piece fastened over the glass with a rubber band. 
 Moulding may be prevented by putting a teaspoonful of sugar on top of 
 the jelly in the glass. 
 
 1. Grape Marmalade. — Two pounds seeded raisins, 3 cups granulated 
 sugar, 1 pound English walnut meats; remove seeds and skins of grapes; 
 cook 20 minutea. 
 
CANNING, PRESERVING AND JELLY MAKING. ISr, 
 
 3. Quince Honey. — One quart of quinces grated fine, 1 quart of sugar, 
 1 pint of water. Boil about 20 minutes after it comes to a boil. 
 
 3. Orange Marmalade. — This is much more satisfactory if made in small 
 quantities. Take 3 oranges and 1 lemon ; slice very thin, not using the ends. 
 Place in a bowl and pour over it 3 pints of cold water ; let stand for 34 hours. 
 Then boil in a porcelain kettle until very tender and let stand for another 
 24 hours. Then to every cup of fruit and liquid add a cup of sugar and boil 
 briskly for about an hour. Try, and the minute it jellies remove from the 
 fire and fill hot dry glasses. Let stand two days before sealing. 
 
 4. Quince Honey. — Grate one large quince, add 2 cups of sugar and 
 % cup of water. Boil 20 minutes. 
 
 5. Cooking Apricots. — Boil apricots for 5 minutes in water to which 
 % teaspoonful of soda has been added and you will be surprised at the small 
 amount of sugar it takes to sweeten them when cooking. 
 
 6. Canned Corn. — Add 1 cup of salt to 1 gallon of corn cut off the 
 ears; mix well together and pack in jars and steam 3 hours. Screw the lids 
 on the Mason jars tight before steaming. 
 
 7. Canned Elderberries (Excellent). — Add 2% pounds of sugar and 1 
 pint of pure cider vinegar to 7 pounds of elderberries ; boil 1 hour. Then 
 seal in jars. This will fill four jars and is excellent for pies. 
 
 8. Canned Beans. — Pack the beans in tight jars after stringing and 
 breaking in small pieces. Put a teaspoonful of salt on the tops, and cover 
 them with cold water. Seal jars tight. Place the jars in a boiler of cold 
 water and let boil from 3 to 4 hours. 
 
 9. Canned Rhubarb. — Peel the rhubarb and cut into small pieces, pack 
 in jars, fill with cold water, seal tight ; when ready to use will not need as much 
 sugar as when fresh. 
 
 10. To Cook Cranberries. — To 1 quart of cranberries add 1 teacup of 
 water and put them over the fire. After cooking 10 minutes, add 2 heaping 
 cups of sugar, and cook 10 minutes longer, stirring frequently. Pour them 
 into a bowl or mold and when cold they may be removed as a jelly. If pre- 
 ferred, they may be strained through a »ieve before putting in sugar. 
 
 11. Preserved Cherries. — Use rich, red cherries; stone and weigh them, 
 adding % pound of loaf sugar for' each pound of fruit. Let the fruit, stoned 
 and sweetened, stand in a stone jar over night; in the morning put them in 
 the preserving kettle and cook until clear. Put in tumblers; cover the tops, 
 when cool, with melted paraffine before putting on covers. 
 
 12. Strawberry Preserves. — Take equal parts by weight of sugar and 
 fruit; the berries should be solid, used as soon as ready and not sugared 
 down. Use just enough water to keep them from sticking and put berries, 
 sugar and water all on at the same time and cook for 20 minutes. Then 
 spread on flat dishes and set in sun for 3 or 4 days and then put in glass jars. 
 They will need no more heating or cooking. These are considered fine.' 
 
 13. Pear Chips. — Ten pounds of pears sliced thin, 7 pounds of sugar, 
 4 lemons boiled soft ; press out the juice and pulp ; chop the peel very fine. 
 Boil the sugar and fruit together until soft; then add the lemon, % pound 
 green ginger root scraped and cut into bits. Let all boil slowly until quite 
 thick. Can be put in jelly glasses and sealed with paper. Very fine. 
 
 14. Gooseberry Conserves. — Six quarts green gooseberries, 5 pounds 
 granulated sugar, 2 pounds seedless raisins, 5 oranges. Remove the stems from 
 
188 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 the berries, and chop the raisins rather coarsely. Cut the oranges into halves 
 and take out the juice and pulp, removing the seeds; cook peel of three of 
 them soft in enough boiling water to cover, changing water once or twice; 
 drain ; remove the white part from the peel by scraping with a spoon. Then 
 cut into narrow strips ; put sugar, berries, orange peel, juice and rind together 
 in a kettle and heat slowly until the syrup is thick. 
 
 15. Quince Honey. — Take four pounds of granulated sugar and 1 pint 
 of water and boil for 30 minutes. Constantly skim syrup until clear; grate 
 V-/2 quince very fine ; then pour into the syrup and let boil 10 minutes. 
 
 16. Orange Marmalade. — Cut the oranges in halves; take out the pulp 
 with a spoon; (take 1 lemon to 5 oranges, preparing the same way. Then 
 cut the shell of the oranges in two, scrape out the white lining and put the 
 skins on to boil; weigh the pulp, take half as much sugar and simmer to- 
 gether 15, minutes. When the skins are transparent and tender, take up 
 and, putting several pieces together, cut it quickly into the narrowest pos- 
 sible strips. Mix these with pulp and sugar; cook until very thick. Put in 
 glasses and when cold, seal. 
 
 17. Lemon Marmalade. — Take 6 lemons and slice them thin; remove 
 only the seeds; add 3 pints of cold water to each pound of sliced fruit; let 
 this stand for 34 hours, then boil until the chips are tender; pour into an 
 earthen bowl and let stand until next day. Then weigh and, to every 
 pound of pulp, add 1% pounds of sugar; boil until the syrup jellies and the 
 chips are transparent. / 
 
 18. Lemon Butter. — ^Juice and grated rind of 2 lemons, 3 cups of sugar, 3 
 eggs, small lump of butter; boil 10 minutes in a double boiler. 
 
 19. Canned Elderberries. — Add 4 pints of sugar and 3 pints of best cider 
 vinegar to each peck of cleaned elderberries. Cook until well done and can. 
 
 30. Tomato Preserves. — Scald and peel carefully some small -tomatoes 
 (yellow preferred), add an equal weight of sugar and let stand over night; 
 pour oflf all the juice and boil until it is a thick syrup; add tomatoes and 
 boil until transparent. A piece of ginger root or 1 lemon, sliced thin, to 
 a pound of fruit is a good addition.. Excellent. 
 
 31. Pieplant Jelly. — Cut pieplant into small pieces, without peeling; 
 cover with water; boil to a pulp; then strain through a flannel bag. Bring 
 the juice to a boil and for each pint add a pint of sugar; boil for about 30 
 minutes or until it will jell. , 
 
 33. Orange Marmalade. — One dozen navel oranges and 3 lemons ; cut 
 in small pieces, the smaller the better. Cover with 3 quarts of water and let 
 stand 34 hours. Then measure the juice and allow 1 pound of sugar to 1 
 quart of juice and boil until tender or transparent. 
 
 33. Canned Apple Sauce. — Put apple sauce into hot jars and seal at 
 once and it may be kept either for table use or for pies till apples are out of 
 the market. 
 
 34. Canned Pineapple. — Pare the pineapples and carefully cut out all 
 the eyes ; chop them fine and weigh ; add the same weight of sugar ; put into 
 a large crock, mix thoroughly and let stand 24 hours; fill the cans full and 
 seal tight. In about two weeks look them over to see that none are spoil- 
 ing. If they are, heat them again and refill cans. 
 
PICKLING. 189 
 
 PICKLING. 
 
 Including Recipes for all Kinds of Pickles, Catsup, Chow Chow, Chili Sauce, 
 
 Chowder, Piccalilli, Etc. 
 
 " Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.'' 
 
 It is always best to u^e cider vinegar in making pickles as other kinds 
 eat the pickles or make them soft. Vinegar whicji is too strong should be 
 diluted with water. The vinegar should never be boiled but should be poured 
 on the pickles hot as it comes to the first scald. If pickles are put into brine 
 the brine should be strong enough to float an egg. A heaping pint of coarse 
 salt should be used to each gallon of water. Never put pickles into anything 
 that has previously held any kind of grease and never let them freeze. A 
 good way is to put pickles in bottles and seal while hot. Put a slice or two 
 of horseradish into the jar with pickles. It will soon sink to the bottom, 
 taking the scum with it and leaving the vinegar clear. 
 
 1. Beet Pickles. — One quart of beets chopped fine, 1 quart of cabbage, 
 
 1 cup sugar, 1 teacvip grated horseradish, 1 teaspoonful salt, 1 teaspoonful 
 pepper. Mix all together and cover with cold vinegar; can in air tight cans 
 and keep in dark place. 
 
 3. Chopped Pickles. — Two large heads of cabbage, 1 peck of green to- 
 matoes, 3 green peppers, 1 small cup salt; chop, mix, let stand over night 
 and drain. Cover with cider vinegar. Boil until soft; drain again and mix 
 with 1 tablespoonful mustard, 1 tablespoonful cloves, 3 pounds of raisins, 
 
 2 pounds of sugar, i/^ cup grated horseradish, 3 chopped onions, celery and 
 salt to taste. Hot vinegar enough to make moist. Can rather dry. 
 
 3. Chow Chow. — Two heads of cabbage, % peck green tomatoes, 1 large 
 ripe cucumber, 2 large onions, 9 large, red sweet peppers, 10 cents worth of 
 white mtistard seed, 10 cents worth of black mustard seed, 2 ounces celery 
 seed, Yq pint salt, 1 coffee cup grated horseradish. Mix cabbage, tomatoes 
 and salt ; let stand 4 hours in colander to drain ; drain onions and cucumbers ; 
 scald 1^2 gallons of vinegar and 3 pounds brown sugar and pour over the 
 mixture; heat thoroughly. This makes 10 quarts. 
 
 4. Sliced Cucumbers. — Peel and slice a gallon of cucumbers and soak 
 over night in weak salt water. Drain and put them in weak vinegar on the 
 stove and let them get hot; drain and pack them in glass jars. Take one quart 
 of vinegar, a few slices of onions, sugar and spices to taste; let it come to 
 a boil. Then, while hot, pour this over the cucumbers and seal. 
 
 5. Dill Pickles. — Fill a stone jar with alternate layers of grape leaves, 
 fresh cucumbers, dill and salt. Cover with water and an inverted plate; 
 place a brick on the plate to hold all under water. The cucumbers will 
 be ready to use in about two weeks. 
 
 6. Cucumber Pickles. — Wash some cucumbers from 1 to 3 inches long ; 
 let them stand in moderately strong brine for 13 hours; remove from brine 
 and place in a porcelain kettle; cover them with weak vinegar and let come 
 to a boil. Pack in glass cans. In another vessel bring, to the' boiling point 
 some strong cider vinegar with mixed spices and sugar, allowing i/^ cup 
 of sugar to 1 quart can of pickles. Fill up can with hot spiced vinegar and 
 seal at once. 
 
190 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 7. Green Tomato Pickles. — Chop fine 8 pounds of green tomatoes; 
 add 4 pounds of brown sugar and boil 3 hours; add 1 quart vinegar, 1 tea- 
 spoonful each of mace, cinnamon and cloves, and boil 15 minutes. 
 
 8. Tomato Higdom. — Mix 11/2 cups of salt with 1 bushel of green to- 
 matoes chopped fine and let them stand over night. In the morning, after 
 pressing hard to extract all juice, add 1 cup mustard, 3 pounds sugar, 1? 
 red peppers chopped fine, i/^ cup celery seed. Mix thoroughly and pack in 
 jars. Over this pour half a gallon of hot vinegar. 
 
 9. Mustard Pickles. — One quart large cucumbers, cut in pieces ; 1 quart 
 small cucumbers, 1 quart large tomatoes, 3 heads cauliflower, 3 quarts very 
 small onions, 6 red and green peppers cut in strips. Put all in separate dishes 
 of salt and water and let stand over night. In the morning drain off and cook 
 in separate dishes of clear water until nearly tender. Then put together 
 and boil a short time in the following paste: One ounce pulverized tumeric 
 seed, 1/2 pound ground mustard, 2 cups of flour, 7 cups sugar, 1 gallon 
 vinegar. 
 
 10. Pickled Peppers.^Cut the stems and rind from the peppers. Then 
 put into strong hot brine, repeating this for three mornings, and then drain 
 off and cover with hot vinegar. When wanted, take out of brine and stuff 
 with creamed sweetbreads and mushrooms and serve on lettuce leaves. 
 A very pretty and appetizing luncheon dish. 
 
 11. Sweet Pickled Peaches. — Wash clean several pounds of peaches that 
 are not too ripe ; it is best to use clings and do not peel them. Put into a porce- 
 lain kettle 3 pounds of brown sugar, 1 pint of strong cider vinegar and a 
 small handful each of cinnamon and cloves and bring to a boil. Put in as 
 many peaches as the liquor will cover; cook until moderately soft and put into 
 jars. Cook all alike and pour liquor over them. 
 
 13. Sweet Pickled Prunes. — Four pounds of prunes, 1 pint of vinegar, 
 3 pounds of sugar, 1 ounce each of cinnamon and cloves, and ^ ounce of 
 ginger. Boil the vinegar, spices and sugar together 10 minutes; after soak- 
 ing the prunes for 2 or 3 hours and steaming them 10 or 15 minutes, pour the 
 hot vinegar over them and boil all together until the prunes are tender. 
 These will be found excellent. 
 
 13. Gooseberry Catsup. — To 1 pound of gooseberries use % pound of 
 sugar, spices to taste ; 1 pint of vinegar to 10 pounds of fruit. Boil 2 hours. 
 
 14. Celery Sauce. — Two stalks (arrow-root) celery, 15 large ripe to- 
 matoes, 2 red peppers, 2 onions, 1% cups vinegar, 3 spoonfuls salt, 8 table- 
 spoonfuls sugar; chop all fine and boil 1% hours. 
 
 J-5. Tomato Sauce. — Melt 2 tablespoonfuls butter; add 2 tablespoonfuls 
 flour and 1 pint strained tomatoes; also a small bay leaf, slice of onion, 1 tea- 
 spoonful salt, a dash of pepper, 2 cloves and a bit of mace; simmer 15 min- 
 utes; strain and serve. 
 
 16. English Chow Chow. — One quart of cabbage, 1 quart of green to- 
 matoes, 1 quart of onions, 1 quart of cucumbers (pickle), 6 green peppers. 
 Chop fine, put in weak silt water and scald until tender; strain and while 
 hot pour paste, also hot, over the mixture. 
 
 Paste. — One cup of sugar, 1 cup of flour, 1 tablespoonful each of tumeric 
 and celery seed, 6 tablespoonfuls of ground mustard, 3 quarts of pure cider 
 vinegar. This makes one gallon. 
 
 17. Tomato Ketchup. — Twelve ripe tomatoes, 4 green peppers, 2 large 
 onions, 3 tablespoonfuls salt, 4 cups vinegar, 3 tablespoonfuls ginger, 2 table- 
 
' J'lCtCLiNG. 191 
 
 spoonfuls brown and white sugar, 1 tablespoonful rnustard, 1 tablespoonful 
 cinnamon; boil all together 3 hours or until thick enough. 
 
 18. Damson Plum Catsup. — Put 2 quarts of ripe damson plums in a 
 stone jar and cook them with good vinegar ; let them stand for 3 or 4 days, then 
 with the hands mash them up and put them through a sieve; have your 
 kettle ready and to a pint of liquid add one pound of brown sugar and sea- 
 son to taste with allspice and cinnamon, beaten fine; let it boil % hour; skim 
 it while boiling. When cold, bottle and cork. 
 
 19. Chowder (Very Fine). — One peck green tpmatoes, 1 dozen sweet 
 peppers, 1 dozen onions, all chopped fine; sprinkle over 1 quart salt, let stand 
 over night. In the morning drain off and cook one hour in 1 quart vinegar; 
 drain again. Mix with 2 quarts vinegar, 1 bowl sugar, 1 teaspoonful each 
 ground cinnamon, celery seed, ground mustard (or seed), and boil 15 minutes. 
 If liked, one may add allspice, cloves and 1 pint grated horseradish. 
 
 20. Corn Sauce. — Three dozen corn, % dozen red peppers, % dozen 
 green peppers, 1 cup salt, 3 pints cider vinegar, 1% pints sugar, 1 large or 
 
 2 small heads of cabbage, 2 tablespoonfuls tumeric powder. Slice corn from 
 cob without boiling. Take seeds from peppers and chop fine. Slice cab- 
 bage fine. Mix all together and boil half an hour. Seal in glass jars. 
 
 21. Pickled Cabbage. — One gallon of finely cut cabbage, 2 green pep- 
 pers cut fine, one pound sugar, 11/2 cups mustard seed, lYz spoonfuls of salt, 
 
 3 tablespoonfuls of celery seed, 1 cup grated horseradish, a small piece of 
 ilium. Pack in crock and cover with heavy muslin. Then cover with old 
 cider vinegar. No cooking in this. 
 
 22. Stuffed Peppers. — Soak 3 dozen peppers in salt water over night, 
 then make the filling. Take one head of cabbage and 2 bunches of celery and 
 chop both fine; spices to taste, also some of the seeds of peppers; 1 quart 
 of water, 2 quarts of vinegar, 1 pint of sugar; boil for 30 minutes. Pour 
 over peppers while hot. 
 
 23. Bordeaux Sauce. — One gallon green tomatoes, 2 gallons chopped 
 cabbage, 1 dozen onions, 1% pounds brown sugar, salt to taste, 1 dozen 
 green and red peppers, celery seed and one bunch celery, allspice to taste, 
 cloves, tumeric powder, mustard seed or 3 tablespoonfuls ground mustard; 
 boil 20 minutes. 
 
 24. Piccalilli. — One gallon green tomatoes sliced, 6 good sized onions 
 sliced, 1 pint granulated sugar, 1 quart pure cider vinegar, 1 tablespoonful 
 salt, 2 tablespoonfuls mixed spices. Mix all together and stew until tender, 
 stirring continually ; put in fruit jars and seal. 
 
 25. Euchered Crab Apples. — Cook nice crab apples till tender; drain; 
 pack in jars with a few whole cloves and pieces of cinnamon bark in each 
 jar. Make a syrup of the proportion of 1 quart of good vinegar to 3 pints of 
 sugar; boil the syrup 5 minutes; skim, then pour over fruit and seal. These 
 are excellent. 
 
 26. Small Cucumber Pickles. — Soak over night 50 cucumbers in warm 
 salt water containing a piece of alum the size of a hazelnut. Then drain 
 off the water and wipe each pickle dry. Place in a jar. Take % pint of water 
 and 1 quart of cider vinegar and mix spices with whole horseradish 
 root ; let come to a boil, then pour over the pickles and seal. 
 
 27. Spanish Pickle. — One gallon of cabbage,, 1 gallon of ripe cucum- 
 bers chopped fine, 7 pods of green pepper, 1 pint of salt ; drain all together 
 24 hours. Then mix 1 gallon of vinegar, 1 ounce of white mustard seed, 1 
 
192 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 ounce of black pepper, horseradish and celery Seed to taste, 1 ounce of 
 tumeric and 3 pounds of brown sugar; then add to this cucumbers, etc. and 
 cook one hour. 
 
 28. " Dandy " Home-Made Pickles. — Make a brine of salt and water 
 strong enough to float pickles. Leave the pickles in this over night; drain 
 in morning. Make kettle of water slightly sour and add lump of alum size of 
 hickory nut ; put pickles in this till heated through but not cooked ; then wipe 
 on dry cloths and pack in quart jars; add to each jar % teaspoonful whole 
 mustard, 2 teaspoonfuls celery seed, a pinch of cayenne pepper, 2 tea- 
 spoonfuls sugar, 2 parts vinegar to 1 part water; heat, fill jars and seal. 
 
 29. Spiced Peaches. — Eight pounds of peaches, 4 pounds sugar, 1 ounce 
 cloves, 1 ounce cinnamon, % ounce mace, one pint vinegar; boil the juice 
 three times; in the third, boil the fruit until soft; if there is too much 
 juice to cover them, boil down until just enough. 
 
 30. Canned Beets. — Cook the beets until tender, slice and pack in 
 jars, put sugar and salt to taste on top and then pour scalding vinegar over 
 until jars are filled. Seal tight. 
 
 31. Canned Cucumbers. — Slice the desired number of peeled cucum- 
 bers; sprinkle a little salt over them; let stand for 30 minutes, then drain; 
 do not squeeze; pack them in jars; pour .cold vinegar over them arid seal 
 tight. When ready to use, season to taste with pepper and onions. 
 
 32. String Bean Pickles. — Wix beans are best for these pickles. Cut 
 oflE the ends, string and steam over boiling salt water until they are easily* 
 pierced with a fork ; drain on a cloth and when cold pack in a jar, putting 
 a little red pepper between the layers. Make a spiced vinegar by adding 
 
 1 cup of sugar and a teaspoonful each of white mustard and celery seed to 
 each pint of vinegar. When hot pour this over the beans, weight and let 
 stand for 3 or 4 days in a cool place. Then drain, reheat the vinegar, cover 
 the beans with horseradish leaves, pour on the hot vinegar or syrup, and 
 let stand a week before using. These are fine. 
 
 33. Mixed Pickles. — Two quarts cucumbers, 1 quart onions, 1 quart 
 green tomatoes, 3 green peppers, 1 large cauliflower; cut all in pieces and 
 soak over night in. salt and water. In the morning scald in the same brine 
 and then make a dressing of 2 quarts vinegar, 11/2 cups sugar, 1 cup flour 
 moistened with vinegar, 3 tablespoonfuls prepared mustard, 2 tablespoon- 
 fuls tumeric dissolved. Pour off the brine and put on the dressing and bring 
 to a boil, then can and seal. Very fine. 
 
 34. Sour Cucumber Pickles. — One gallon vinegar, 2 ounces vjhite ginger 
 root, % pound groiind mustard, 3 ounces white mustard seed, 1 pound small 
 onions, % pound salt, 2 ounces whole blaCk pepper, 2 ounces whole cloves, 
 
 2 ounces ground cinnamon. Put the salt and onions in 3 quarts of the 
 vinegar, cold; tie the spices in a thin muslin bag and boil a few minutes in 
 the remaining quart of vinegar; when cold, put all together; wash the cu- 
 cumbers and drop them into this Hquor as soon after gathering as possible. 
 
 35. Chili Sauce. — Two large ripe tomatoes, 3 onions chopped fine, 3 
 green peppers chopped fine; cook together until soft and put through the 
 colander ; then add 3 tablespoonfuls of salt, 1 cup sugar, 3 teaspoonfuls ground 
 cinnamon, 2 teaspoonfuls ground ginger, 1 teaspoonful ground cloves, 2 
 cups good vinegar; cook until as thick as desired, then bottle and seal. Ex- 
 cellent. 
 
 36. Cold Catsup.-^Peel and slice 1 peck ripe tomatoes, sprinkle lightly 
 
PICKLING. 193 
 
 with salt, ler stand 3 hours and drq,in off the water; add 3 horseradish roots 
 grated or put through the vegetable chopper, % teacup fine salt, % teacup 
 white mustard seed, 1 teaspoonful black pepper, 2 red peppers chopped fine 
 without seels; if liked, 4 ounces of coarsely chopped celery; 1 tablespoon 
 chopped onion, % cup sugar, 1 teaspoonful ground cloves, 2 teaspoonfuls 
 ground cinnamon, 3 pints of vinegar. Mix cold. Tie a cloth over but do not 
 seal. 
 
 37. Watermelon Pickles. — Pare off the green and the red parts of 
 watermelon rinds, saving only the white; cut in any desired shapes; place 
 in a jar, alternating small quantities of rind with a little salt. Let stand for 
 a day or two in a cool place, then thoroughly rinse; put on to boil with 
 equal parts of vinegar and water and add a level teaspoonful of pulverized 
 alum. Boil till you can pierce with a fork, then rinse again. For the syrup 
 use one quart of vinegar to 3 pints of sugar and whole cloves, allspice and 
 cinnamon in a small bag. Boil down to suit your taste. Just before taking 
 off, put the rinds in and boil a little longer. Can and seal. 
 
 38. Cucumber Pickles. — ^Wash the cucumbers and put into glass cans. 
 For one quart can add a dessert spoonful of salt and fill with vinegar. Can 
 freshen and put into clear vinegar when used. 
 
 3a. Sweet Pickles, Pears, Peaches and Apples. — Seven and one-half 
 pounds of fruit, 31/^ pounds sugar, 1 pint vinegar, whole cloves and stick cin- 
 namon rs preferred. Boil sugar, vinegar and spices and add fruit. Boil until 
 easily pierced with fork. Remove fruit and put into cans or jars. Boil down 
 the syrup and pour over the fruit. 
 
 40. Corn Salad. — Twenty ears of corn, 1 cabbage, 2 green peppers, 
 4 good sized onions, 4 cups vinegar, 2 cups sugar, 1 teaspoonful tumeric pow- 
 der, 2 tablespoonfuls mustard; cut corn from ears; chop fine the cabbage, 
 peppers, and onions together and cook slowly for a few minutes. Can while 
 boiling hot. 
 
 41. Mexican Chili Sauce. — Stew long red peppers until soft in sufficient 
 water to cover. Scrape ted pulp from inside of skin ; reject skin and seeds. 
 Make a dressing of flour With ham or bacon grease, hot water and salt; add 
 chili ; serve with meat. 
 
 43. Pickled String Beans. — String the beans and cut them into inch 
 lengths. Let them stand in strong brine 8 days, changing it 3 times. Drain 
 and' lay in clear cold water for 1 day, then dry between the folds of a towel. 
 Pack fxi glass jars with scalding vinegal- which has been brought to a boil 
 with a minced onion, a dozen whole cloves, a heaping tablespoonful of mus- 
 tard seed and 4 blades of mace. Screw on the tops and do not use for a month 
 or six weeks. 
 
 43. Pickled Peaches (that will keep). — Four pounds of sugar and one 
 pint of vinegar to 13 pounds of fruit. Put sugar and vinegar together and 
 boil, then add the fruit and let it come to a boil. Next day drain off the 
 liquor and boil again. Do this 3 times and your pickles are delicious. Add 
 cinnamon to the liquor and stick 3 or 3 cloves into each peach. 
 
 44. Cucumber Catsup. — One-half bushel full-grown cucumbers ; peel and 
 chop them, sprinkle with salt, put in sieve and let stand over night ; add 2 
 dozen onions cut up small, % pound white mustard seed, V^ pound black mus- 
 tard seed, 3 dozen black peppers, gr&und. Mix well with best cider vinegar, 
 making it the consistency of thick catsup and fill jars, tying up closely. No 
 cooking required. 
 
194 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 45. Tomato Catsup. — One bushel good ripe tomatoes, % gallon cider 
 vinegar, % pound allspice, 2 ounces cloves, 3 tablespoonfuls black pepper, 
 6 large onions or 3 heads of garlic, 1 pint salt, 4 large red peppers ; cook thor- 
 oughly and strain through sieve, then boil till it is thick enough and add 
 vinegar. 
 
 46. Chili Sauce. — One-half bushel tomatoes, % peck onions, 4 table- 
 spoonfuls salt, 2 tablespoonfuls each of cloves, cinnamon and allspipe, 3 table- 
 spoonfuls black pepper, 3 cups sugar, 1 gallon vinegar; chop onions fine, mix 
 everything together and boil constantly one hour and 15 minutes. Dandy- 
 good just as it is. 
 
 PRESERVING MEATS. 
 
 Including Curing, Smoking and Pickling Meats; Making Corned Beef, 
 Sausage and Mince Meat and Preserving Eggs. 
 
 "There's no want of meats, sir, 
 Portly and curious viands are prepared 
 To please all kinds of appetite." 
 
 — Massenger. 
 
 1. Corned Beef. — For 100 pounds of beef. take 7 pounds of salt, 1 pound* 
 of sugar, 1 ounce of saltpeter and 4 gallons of water; dissolve the saltpeter 
 in a little hot water and add it and the salt and sugar to the water ; scald the 
 crock, pack the beef, sprinkle on a little salt and then pour on the brine and 
 be sure to keep well weighted so that every particle is kept under the brine. 
 
 2. Dried Beef. — Brown salt like coiifee and while hot roll each piece of 
 beef in it thoroughly; pack in a crock and let it remain five days; take out, 
 wash well and hang up to dry. 
 
 3. Curing Hams. — To each gallon of water add 1% pounds of salt, % 
 pound of sugar and % ounce of saltpeter; dissolve saltpeter in a little hot 
 water and mix all together; rub the hams with salt, pack in a well scalded 
 crock, pour on the brine and be sure to weight well and keep all under brine. 
 
 4. Curing Hams. — When thoroughly cold after killing, trim them nice 
 and smooth ; pack them in salt and let them remain five or six weeks, then 
 dip into boiling brine; rub the flesh side with pulverized black pepper as 
 long as It will stick. Hang in dry place. 
 
 5. To Keep Smoked Hams. — Rub the flesh part with molasses and 
 sprinkle on all the black pepper that will stick. Hang where they will keep 
 dry, 
 
 6. Pickle for Beef or Ham. — For each hundred pounds of beef or ham 
 use 9 pounds of salt, 4 ounces of saltpeter, 2 ounces of saleratus and 2 quarts 
 of molasses; add water to make enough brine to cover meat. Scald brine, 
 skim and let cool before pouring on meat. 
 
 7. To Preserve Sausages. — Roll into small thin cakes and fry until well 
 done ; then pack closely in jars and pour melted lard over them till the top is 
 covered an inch deep. Set in a cool place and you will have nice sausage all 
 summer. 
 
 8. Curing and Smoking Hams. — Hang the hams up for a week or ten 
 
PRESERVING MEATS. 195 
 
 days. If kept perfectly sweet, the longer they hang the more tender they 
 will be. For each good sized ham mix 1 teacup of salt, 1 ounce of saltpeter, 
 and 1 tablespoonful of mqlasses. Put the hams in a tub; heat the mixture 
 and rub well into the hams ; repeat this until the mixture is all used ; then 
 let them lie two or three days. Then put them for three weeks into brine 
 that is strong enough to float an egg ; take from brine, soak in cold water for 
 eight hours and hang up for a week or longer ; smoke from three to five days 
 but be careful not to heat the hams. Apple tree wood and corn cobs are 
 good for smoking. Smoke the hams with the hock down. Tie the hams in 
 bags until wanted for use. 
 
 9. Sausage. — To 10 pounds of chopped meat add 4 ounces of salt, 1 
 ounce of pepper, % ounce of powdered sage and ^ tablespoonful of ginger. 
 When cool, pack in pans, cover thick with lard and then with paper. Keep 
 in a dry, cool place. Each time after taking some out for use, press the 
 paper back again. 
 
 10. Mock Sausage. — Soak some dry bread in water and mix with it the 
 same quantity of finely chopped cold meat. Season with pepper, salt and 
 sage ; make into small cakes and fry. 
 
 11. Head Cheese. — Take the heads, feet, tongues and other convenient 
 pieces of fresh pork ; remove the skin ; boil until all is tender and can be easily 
 stripped from the bones. Then chop very fine and season with pepper and 
 salt, and ground cloves if you like, or sage leaves may be rubbed to a powder 
 and added. Mix well with the hand. Put into deep pans with straight sides 
 and press it down hard with a plate that fits the pan. Put th, under side of 
 the plate next the meat and place a heavy weight on it. In two or three 
 days turn it out of the pan and cut into thin slices. Use vinegar and mustard 
 over it. 
 
 12. Bologna Sausage. — Chop fine 10 pounds of beef and 2% pounds of 
 pork and thoroughly mik with it % ounce of powdered mace, i/^ ounce of pow- 
 dered cloves, 3% ounces of powdered black pepper and salt to taste. Let stand 
 13 hours and stuff in muslin bags that are 4 inches wide and 10 inches long. 
 Lay them in ham pickle for five days and then smoke them for eight days. 
 Hang in a dark place. i 
 
 13. Scrapple. — Take a hog's jowl, the feet and part of the liver and 
 heart ; cleanse, put into cold water and cook until the bones may be easily re- 
 moved. Chop fine and season with pepper, salt and sage. Strain the liquor on 
 the stove and again add the meat. Thicken with corn meal and a teacupful of 
 buckwheat flour till it is as thick as mush. Dip out into deep dishes and 
 when it is cool it may be sliced and fried like mush. By pouring hot lard 
 over it you can keep it all winter. It is very nice for breakfast on a cold 
 morning. 
 
 14. Cracknels. — This is what is left from frying out lard. Put them 
 into a pan with a little warm water and some bread crumbs or cold corn 
 bread broken fine. Add pepper and salt. Fry a nice brown and serve hot. 
 
 15. Pig's Feet Souse. — After scraping, cleaning, washing and singeing 
 the feet, put them into a kettle with plenty of water. Boil and skim, then 
 pour of? the water and add fresh and boil until the bones may be pulled 
 out easily ; do not bone, but pack in a stone jar with salt and pepper between 
 each layer; cover with cider vinegar. When wanted for use, put in a hot 
 skillet and add more pepper,' salt and vinegar if needed. Boil until thoroughly 
 heated, stir in a smooth thickening of flour and water, and boil until the 
 
196 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 flour is cooked. Serve hot as a breakfast dish. Or, when they have boiled 
 until tender, take out the bones and pack in a jar as above. Slice Cold when 
 wanted. 
 
 16. Mince Meat (that will keep). — Two pounds of lean beef boiled, 
 when cold chop fine ; 1 pound of suet minced to a powder, 3 pounds of sul- 
 tanas or seedless raisins, 5 pounds of juicy apples pared and chopped, 3 
 pounds of currants, % pound of citron chopped, 2 tablespoonfuls of mace, 3 
 tablespoonfuls of cinnamon, 1 tablespoonful of allspice, 1 grated nutmeg, 1 
 tablespoonfvil of fine salt, 3 pounds of brown sugar, 2 quarts of sweet cider. 
 This mince meat will keep all winter. 
 
 17. Pressed Beef. — Take the desired amount of the cheaper pieces of 
 beef and let there be a little fat so that it will be " marbled " when pressed. 
 Lay in weak brine over night, then rinse and boil until very tender or until 
 it will fall apart easily. Water may be added at any time, but only enough 
 shoula be used to keep it from burning. Keep closely covered so as to retain 
 the flavor. Remove the meat from the liquor and chop fine. Skim all the 
 grease from the liquor and add to the liquor a tablespoonful of gelatine for each 
 five pounds of beef. Boil the liquor down until the gelatine is dissolved 
 and the liquor is like jelly. Mix it, with a little salt and spices to suit, in 
 the chopped beef; pack in jars; cover with a plate and weight down. It will 
 keep several months in winter. It should be sliced when wanted for use. 
 When using, keep it covered with cloth wet with salt water. Garnish with 
 sliced lemon. 
 
 18. Preserving Eggs. — Pour three pails of water over four quarts of un- 
 slacked lime and when it is cold add one-half pound of salt and one ounce 
 of cream of tartar. Eggs covered with this liquid will keep a long time. 
 
 **WHAT TO DO" AND "HOW TO DO IT." 
 
 Including Various Recipes of All Kinds. 
 
 "We have gathered a posie of other men's flowers 
 And nothing but the thread which binds them is ours.'' 
 
 1. Blacksmith's Borax for Welding. — One ounce of salt, one ounce salt- 
 peter, two ounces copperas, four pounds of sand; mix. 
 
 2. Washing Fluid. — One ounce of salts of tartar, one ounce of carbon- 
 ate ammonia, one box Babbit's lye, one gallon of soft water. Use one-half 
 teacup to a washing. 
 
 3. Furniture Dressing. — Use equal pa.rts of alcohol and raw linseed 
 oil. First remove all greasy substances, then apply with a soft woolen cloth. 
 
 4. Washing Fluid. — One box of lye and five cents worth of borax, 
 salts of tartar and dry ammonia. Dissolve in two gallons of hot water. 
 Take off fire before putting in ammonia. To be used in boiling suds. 
 
 5. To Clean Carpets. — One cake ivory soap, one bottle ammonia, five 
 cents worth of ether ; dissolve soap in one gallon of hot water ; when cool, add 
 ammonia and ether. Scrub small space at a time with a brush and wipe dry 
 with a soft cloth wrung out of warm water. 
 
 6. Wall Paper Cleaner. — One-half cup water, one cup flour, three tea- 
 
« WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 197 
 
 spownfuls vinegar, three teaspoonfuls ammonia, one teaspoonful carbon oil. 
 Boil and stir constantly until thick ; work in small balls, and rub paper with 
 downward strokes. Will not streak or spot if made as directed. Fine. 
 
 7. Carpet Cleaner. — Two bars ivory soap, four ounces soda, four 
 ounces borax; dissolve the soap in a quart of water; add five gallons of 
 water and, when ready to use it, add four ounces of sulphuric ether; use 
 while hot with scrubbing brush. You do not need to use any cloth or 
 clean water. 
 
 8. Carpet Cleaner. — Use five cents worth of salts of tartar to one bar 
 of white wool or ivory soap; add this to three gallons of water. Shave the 
 soap up fine and let it boil. Apply with brush and dry with dry cloth. This 
 is fine. 
 
 9. To Destroy Odor of Burning Lamp Wicks. — Boil new lamp wicks 
 in vinegar and then thoroughly dry them. There will then be no odor from 
 them when burning. 
 
 10. To Remove Paint Stains from Cotton and Wool. — Old dry paint 
 stains may be removed from cotton and woolen goods by first covering the 
 spots with olive oil or butter and then applying chloroform. 
 
 11. To Preserve Eggs. — One quart of salt, one pint of slacked lime and 
 three gallons of water. This liquid will keep eggs for years. 
 
 13. Ink Spots. — Oxalic acid will remove ink spots from books without 
 injuring the print. 
 
 13. Rust. — Iron rust may be removed with kerosene oil. 
 
 14. To Purify Cistern Water. — Cistern water may be purified by hang- 
 ing a bag of charcoal in the water. 
 
 15. A Tight Shoe. — Wring a cloth out of hot water and apply to the 
 part that is tight. If necessary renew and keep shoe on until the leather is 
 stretched. 
 
 16. Cleaning Plates Before Washing. — Tack a bag on the inside of the 
 kitchen sink door and in it keep cloths to be used in cleaning plates, etc. 
 before dishwashing. Dip the cloth in water, rub on a little soap, then wipe, 
 instead of scrape, the dishes. A great help in kitchen work. 
 
 17. To Clean Linoleum or Oil Cloth. — Instead of using soap and water, 
 wash with sweet milk. The milk makes it look fresh and bright without 
 destroying the luster. 
 
 18. To Clean Mud from Clothing. — Use a corn-cob to rub the mud from 
 the clothing, then brush well. 
 
 19. To Kill Insects, Such as Bed Bugs, Moths, Etc. — Hot alum water 
 is the best thing known to destroy insects. Boil alum in water until it is 
 dissolved; then apply the hot solution with a brush to closets, bedsteads, 
 cracks, or wherever insects are found. All creeping insects may be destroyed 
 by its use. There is no danger of poisoning and its persistent use will rid 
 you of the pests. 
 
 20. To Remove the Smell of Onions from the Breath. — Parsley, eaten 
 with vinegar, will destroy the unpleasant breath caused by eating onions. 
 
 31. To Clean and Keep Oil Cloth Nice. — Wash in clean, warm, soft 
 water in which has been dissolved a large spoonful of borax. If hard water 
 is used, more borax will be needed. 
 
 23. To Mend Iron Vessels. — Mix finely some sifted lime with the white 
 of an egg till a thin paste is formed, then add some iron filings. Apply this to 
 the fracture and the vessel will be found nearly as sound as ever. 
 
198 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 23. To Clean Lamp Chimneys. — Hold chimney over the steam coming 
 from a boiling kettle, then wipe it inside and outside with a soft muslin 
 cloth. 
 
 34. An Excellent Furniture Polish. — Use equal parts of vinegar, tur- 
 pentine and sweet oil. The bottle should be well shaken each time before 
 using. Wet a cloth and rub well over the furniture, then wipe with a soft 
 dry cloth. 
 
 25. To Remove Tan. — Wash with a solution of lemon juice and car- 
 bonate of soda; follow with the juice of unripe grapes if they may be had; 
 if not, with " Fuller's Earth Water." 
 
 26. To Remove Wrinkles. — Melt and stir together one ounce of white 
 wax, two ounces of strained honey and two ounces of the juice of lily bulbs ; 
 apply to the face every night and it is said your wrinkles will disappear. 
 
 37. To Remove Coffee Stains. — ^The yolk of an egg mixed vvith a little 
 water will remove coffee stains. Glycerine will do the same. Rub out before 
 washing. 
 
 38. To Remove Ink from Linen. — Dip the stained parts in pure melted 
 tallow, then wash in water. 
 
 39. To Remove Grease from Woolen Goods. — Do not put either hot 
 or cold water upon woolens that have had grease spilled upon them. Sprinkle 
 the parts with either buckwheat or rye flour and let it absorb the grease; 
 then brush off the flour and apply more, so continuing until all the grease 
 has been absorbed. Cornstarch is equally effective when used upon clotli 
 in the same manner. 
 
 30. To Exterminate Roaches. — With a machine oil-can squirt kerosene 
 oil into cracks and seams behind woodwork, then sprinkle powdered borax 
 over the shelves and blow it into the cracks with a powder blower. 
 
 31. To Keep Steel Knives from Rusting. — Dip the knives in a strong 
 solution of soda, four parts of soda to one of water ; then wipe dry, roll in 
 flannel and keep in a dry place. 
 
 32. Washing Blankets. — When washing blankets make a lather of boiled 
 soap and warm water and for each pailful and a half of water allow a tea- 
 spoonful of household ammonia. Wash in two or three waters, put through 
 the wringer and hang out to dry. Choose a fine windy day so the blankets 
 will dry quickly. 
 
 33. To Exterminate Bed Bugs. — ^Use kerosene oil freely wherever the 
 bugs are found. 
 
 34. Cement for Glass and Iron. — Alum melted in an iron spoon ovei 
 the lire makes a good cement for joining glass and iron. It is useful for ce- 
 menting the glass part of a lamp to its metal base and stopping cracks about 
 the base, as paraffine will not penetrate it. 
 
 35. To Dry Boots. — Fill wet boots with dry oats and set aside for a few 
 hours. The oats will draw the moisture from the boots and, swelling out,, will 
 keep the leather from shrinking and hardening as it would do if placed near 
 the fire to dry. 
 
 36. To Remove Kerosene. — Cover the spot with cornmeal ; lay a paper 
 over it and rub with a moderately heated iron. Two or three applications 
 will remove the kerosene. Finely powdered chalk may be used instead of 
 the cornmeal if desired. 
 
 37. To Remove Fruit Stains. — Fruit stains may be removed from table 
 linen by pouring boiling water through the cloth where it is stained. 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 199 
 
 38. Furniture Polish. — A fine furniture polish may be made by taking 
 equal parts of vinegar and salad oil. Apply sparingly with a flannel and 
 polish ,oflf thoroughly with clean cloths. Don't forget to mix lots of " elbow- 
 grease " with this. 
 
 39. To Clean Glass. — Dampen a cloth with either alcohol or ammonia, 
 then dip it into some finely sifted wood ashes and polish the glass. Wipe off 
 with a perfectly dry cloth. 
 
 40. To Clean a Glass Decanter. — Put into it a spoonful of vinegar and 
 a few lumps of soda. Shake it well but leave the top open or it may burst 
 the decanter. Rinse with cold water. 
 
 41. To Remove Panes of Glass. — Lay soft soap over the putty for a 
 few hours and it will become soft so that it may be easily scraped away no 
 matter how hard it may previously have been. 
 
 43. To Clean Light Gloves. — Light gloves may be cleaned by rubbing 
 them with fine bread crumbs. It is best to rub them after each wearing 
 so that they do not become badly soiled. 
 
 43. To Clean Kid Gloves, — If not too badly soiled, kid gloves may be 
 cleaned by rubbing them with a piece of oiled silk wound about the finger. 
 
 44. Gnats. — Camphor is the best preventive and cure for the stings of 
 gnats. 
 
 45. To Remove Grass Stains. — Rub the stains with spirits of wine and 
 they will readily come out when washed in soap and water. 
 
 46. To Remove Grease. — Take equal parts of benzine, ether and al- 
 cohol; wet a sponge in the mixture and apply by patting the spot; put a 
 piece of blotting paper on each side and iron with a hot flaiiron. 
 
 47. To Remove Grease from Floor. — Soda and hot water will- remove 
 grease from the floor. 
 
 48. To Remove Ink Stains. — If ink is spilled upon a carpet, table- 
 cloth or dress it is best to take up as much of the ink as possible with blotting 
 paper, or salt is also good to absorb it. Then wash the parts thoroughly 
 with milk several times until all the ink is removed. It is then well to wash 
 out the parts with ammonia water to remove grease. If the spots are dry, 
 rub a piece of lemon on some salt and then upon the stain. Oxalic acid and 
 salts of lemon are both good also. 
 
 49. To Clean Lamp Chimneys. — Rub them with a piece of newspaper 
 upon which a, little kerosene has been poured. This is better than soap and 
 the chimney will not be so likely to crack. 
 
 50. To Wash Flannels. — Put borax in the water and the flannels wil*. 
 look like new and will not shrink. 
 
 51. Ironing. — A little table salt added to the starch helps in the ironing. 
 
 52. To Prevent Scorching when Ironing. — ^Rub the iron on a cloth satu- 
 rated with kerosene. 
 
 53. To Remove Stains from Clothing. — Rub the stained parts with lard 
 before washing. With washable goods, the yolk of an egg rubbed upon the 
 stains before laundering will remove the spots. 
 
 54. To Wash Black Stockings. — Black stockings will retain their color 
 if washed in warm suds of water and soap, with a little vinegar in the rinse. 
 
 55. To Polish Patent Leather. — Orange juice will be found to be a good 
 polish for patent leather. 
 
 56. To Remove Old Paint and Varnish, — A mixture of two parts of 
 
aOO THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 ammonia and one part turpentine will soften old paint and varnish so that 
 they may easily be scraped off. 
 
 57. To Wash Painted Surfaces. — Wash painted surfaces with milk. 
 
 58. Piano Polish. — Rub well with a piece of flannel cloth saturated with 
 a mixture of equal parts of turpentine, linseed oil and vinegar. Polish with 
 a piece of chamois skin. This treatment will entirely remove the dingy 
 appearance from fine woods. 
 
 59. To Loosen Screws. — Hold a red hot poker on the head of a rusty 
 screw for two or three minutes and it may be easily removed with a screw 
 driver. 
 
 60. To Clean Blackened Silver. — Add a teaspoonful of ammonia to a 
 cup of water and use a little of this to make a paste with whiting. Apply 
 the paste to the silverware with a soft chamois and polish it, using another 
 chamois to dry it. 
 
 61. To Remove Soot. — Should soot fall upon the carpet cover it with 
 dry salt and it may be swept up without leaving smears. 
 
 63. To Remove Tea Stains. — Tea stains may be removed by washing 
 the fabric with milk. After the milk has dried the grease may be removed 
 with benzine or naphtha. 
 
 63. To Frost Window Panes. — Dissolve oome epsom salts in beer and 
 apply with a brush and you will have the best window frosting known. 
 
 64. To Dry Woolens Without Shrinking. — A large manufacturer of 
 woolen goods says that woolen garments should be hung on the line dripping 
 wet and not wrung out at all. If dried in this way the shrinkage will be 
 almost unnoticeable. 
 
 65. Moths. — Moths will not lay their eggs where fine-cut tobacco has 
 been scattered. 
 
 66. Moths. — Sprinkle furs and woolens and the drawers and boxes in 
 which they are kept with spirits of turpentine and the moths will not bother 
 them. 
 
 67. Moths. — Camphor gum is a preventive of moths. Goods packed 
 in a cedar chest will be kept free from moths. Exposing clothes and furs 
 occasionally to, the light and air and beating and shaking them is probably 
 the best treatment, however. 
 
 68. To Keep Away Mice. — Mice do not like the smell of camphor gum 
 and if it is placed iir drawers or trunks they will keep at a distance. Seeds 
 may also be protected by mixing small pieces of camphor gum with them. 
 
 69. To Drive Rats Away Without Killing. — Put plenty of pulverized 
 potash in their holes and places they frequent and they will leave the premises. 
 
 70. To Drive Rats Away. — Put some copperas in whitewash and paint 
 the places they visit. Also scatter the crystals of copperas in their holes 
 and runways and over the floors and the rats will look for another home. 
 
 71. To Drive Away Rats. — Scatter either sulphur or sage about the 
 places they frequent and you will get rid of the troublesome pests. 
 
 73. A Preventive for Red Ants. — Pour a quart of boiling water over half 
 a pint of tar in an earthen vessel and set the vessel in the closet and you 
 will not be troubled with red ants. 
 
 73. To Get Rid of Flies. — It is said that you will not be troubled 
 with many flies if you keep geraniums growing in the house. Then why not 
 have more flowers and fewer flies? 
 
 74. To Prevent Bites from Mosquitoes and Flies. — Mix three ounces of 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." " 201 
 
 sweet o^'; nr! ->ne ounce of carbolic acid and when mosquitoes are troublesome 
 apply to the :^^.ce and hands every half hour. After it has been used two or 
 three days and the skin is saturated it may be used less frequently. Be 
 careful not to get it in the eyes. It is very effective and not harmful to 
 the skin. 
 
 75. Mosquitoes and Flies. — Apply to the face and hands a mixture of 
 six parts of sweet oil, one part pennyroyal and one part creosote and you 
 
 vill prevent bites of mosquitoes and flies. Do not allow it to get in the eyes. 
 
 76. To Clean Jewelry. — Wash the jewelry in soap suds, rinse it well 
 in diluted alcohol and lay it in sawdust to dry. Fine for gold chains and all 
 kinds of ornaments. 
 
 77. To Clean Silver. — Rub the silver with alcohol and ammonia, then 
 polish with a little whiting on a soft cloth. Even frosted silver may be 
 made clear and bright with this treatment. 
 
 78. To Purify Water. — A large spoonful of pulyerized alum will purify 
 a hogshead of water. It should be thoroughly stirred in and it will be very 
 effective in killing microbes. 
 
 79. To Make Hard Water Soft. — Fill the boiler with hard water and 
 set on the stove. Then put half a cup of wood ashes into a woolen bag 
 covered with cotton cloth to prevent the sifting out of the ashes and hang 
 the bag in the water until the water is warm. 
 
 80. To Clean Tinware. — Take the fine, soft coal ashes which collect 
 in the pipe and under the pan; mix these with soft soap and scour with a 
 flannel cloth. Afterwards polish with a clean flannel. 
 
 SI. Gem Washing Fluid. — Put three quarts of rain water over the fire 
 and add one pound of salsoda, one ounce salts of tartar and one ounce of 
 borax. After it is taken from the stove and is cold add one ounce of ammonia. 
 Put one cup of this into the boiler when boiling clothes. 
 
 83. Hard Soap. — Put seven pounds of tallow, three pounds of rosin 
 and two pounds of potash into six gallons of water and boil for from three 
 to five hours; pour into a wash tub and let it stand over night. In the 
 morning cut it into bars and lay in the sun for two or three days to harden. 
 
 This will last an ordinary family a year and save many a quarter that is 
 spent for soap. 
 
 83. Soft Soap. — To six gallons of soft water add three pounds of best 
 hard soap (finely cut), one pound of salsoda and four tablespoOnfuls of harts- 
 horn; boil until it is entirely dissolved; pour into convenient vessels and 
 when cold it will be ready for use. This makes fifty pounds of fine soft soap. 
 
 84. To Remove Scorches from Cloth. — Spread over the scorched places 
 a mixture of the juice of two onions, two ounces Fuller's earth and one- 
 half pint of vinegar. These ingredients should be mixed, thoroughly boiled 
 and cooked before using. 
 
 85. To Remove Stains Caused by Scorching. — Often all that is re- 
 quired to whiten scorched linen is to wet it with soap suds and lay it in the 
 hot sun. Another method is to boil the linen in a gallon of milk in which 
 is dissolved a pound of white soap. 
 
 86. To Remove Mildew. — Dip the article in sour buttermilk, lay it in 
 the sun to whiten and wash in clean water. Another method is to apply 
 a mixture of soap, starch, salt and the juice of a lemon. Use half as much 
 salt as starch. 
 
 87. To Remove Linen Stains. — Rub the stains with soft soap, apply a 
 
203 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 starch paste, dry in the sun and wash out in cold water. Repeat several 
 times if necessary. 
 
 88. To Clean Gilt Frames. — Take chloride of plaster or soda, one ounce ; 
 white of eggs, two ounces ; mix thoroughly and apply with a soft brush after 
 blowing the dust from the frames. 
 
 89. To Keep Butter for Winter Use. — Into six pounds bf fresh butter 
 work a large spoonful of salt and a tablespoonful each of saltpeter and 
 powdered white sugar. Pack in a crock that is perfectly clean and cover 
 with salt. 
 
 90. To Prevent Rust. — Melt together one part of rosin and three parts 
 of lard and apply a thin coating to stoves, grates, plows, etc. It is equally 
 good when used on brass, steel, copper and other metals. This also makes 
 a good water-proof application for boots and shoes. 
 
 91. Cement for Wood, Ivory, Stone, Porcelain, Leather, Silk, Woolen 
 of Cotton. — Melt together in an iron vessel one part, by weight, of gutta 
 percha and two parts of common pitch and you will have one of the best 
 cements made. It is not affected by water and is thus especially valuable for 
 certain purposes. 
 
 93. Cement for Rubber or Leather. — Dissolve two ounces of gutta 
 percha in a pound of chloroform. Thoroughly clean the parts that are to be 
 cemented, cover each part with the mixture and let th^m dry for nearly 
 half an hour, then warm each part in a candle flame and press firmly together 
 until dry. 
 
 93. Diamond Cement. — Dissolve thirteen ounces of white glue in a 
 pint and a half of soft water, then stir in three ounces of white lead and 
 boil until it is thoroughly mixed; remove from the stove and when cool add 
 half a pint of alcohol ; bottle at once and keep tightly corked. 
 
 94. Weights and Measures. — 
 
 One pound of soft butter is equal to a pint. 
 
 Ten eggs are equal to a pound. 
 
 A pound of brown or white sugar, powdered or loaf sugar, 
 broken, equals a pint. 
 
 A pound and two ounces of either wheat flour or corn meal is 
 equal to a quart. 
 
 Eight large tablespoonfuls are equal to a gill. 
 
 Thirty-two large tablespoonfuls equal a pint. 
 
 A common sized wine-glass holds four tablespoonfuls, or half a 
 gill. , 
 
 A common sized tumbler holds half a pint or sixteen large table- 
 spoonfuls. 
 
 Four ordinary teacups of liquid equal a quart. 
 
 95. To Clean Coat Collars and Remove Gloss from Seams and Elbows. — 
 Rub the parts with a clean flannel dipped in either benzine or aqua ammonia 
 or a solution made by dissolving a piece of carbonate of ammonia the size 
 of a walnut in a cup of warm water. These are inexpensive and will not 
 change the color Do not use benzine in a room where there is a light or fire. 
 
 96. Liquid Glue. — Dissolve glue in nitric ether and it will be twice as 
 adhesive as that dissolved in hot water. The glue cannot be made too thick 
 as the ether will dissolve only a certain amount of glue and will be of about 
 the consistency of molasses. If a few bits of India rubber are dissolved in 
 it the glue will be all the better and will stand moisture better. 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 203 
 
 97. Cepient for Broken China. — Dissolve gum arabic in water until it is 
 quite thick and then stir in plaster of Paris until it makes a sticky paste. 
 Apply with a brush, stick the pieces together and after three days you cannot 
 break the china in the same place. 
 
 98. Fire-Kindler. — Soak corn-cobs in kerosene oil; when needed put a 
 cob in the stove, set fire to it and put on the fuel. 
 
 99. To Loosen Covers of Fruit Jars. — Place the cover in hot water for 
 two or three minutes and it may then be easily unscrewed. 
 
 100. To Wash Calicoes, Cambrics and Muslins. — Before washing, soak 
 them in water in which has been dissolved one or two tablespoonfuls of salt 
 to each pail of water. 
 
 101. To Wash and Dry Flannels. — Wash flannels with as little rubbing 
 as possible. Pull them both lengthwise and crosswise while drying rapidly. 
 
 102. Washing Black and White Calicoes. — Soak them first in water to 
 which has been added one or two cups of weak lye to each pail of water. 
 
 103. Washing Pink and Green Calicoes. — It is best to use one or two 
 tablespoonfuls of vinegar to each pail of water. 
 
 104. Washing Purple or Blue. — Use one or two tablespoonfuls of either 
 salsoda or borax to each pail of water. 
 
 105. To Wash Ribbons. — Ribbons should be washed in cold suds and 
 should not be rinsed. 
 
 106. To Remove Paint Spots from Windows. — Dissolve an ounce of 
 salsoda in a pint of soft water. Use it hot. Tie a flannel on a stick, dip into 
 the liquid and apply until the paint is softened, then wash off with hot water. 
 
 107. Washing Windows. — Add a tablespoonful of either powdered borax 
 or ammonia to a gallon of warm water and wash the windows, using a 
 chamois to dry and polish them. 
 
 108. China and Glass Cement. — Mix one pint of milk with one pint of 
 vinegar ; take out the curds and to the whey add the whites of five eggs ; 
 beat well together and add enough finely sifted quick lime to make a thick 
 paste. This cement is fine for mending glass and china as it is affected by 
 neither fire nor water. 
 
 109. Grafting Wax. — Melt together two pounds of rosin and a half 
 pound each of tallow and beeswax. Mix thoroughly, cool in cold water and 
 work until it is pliable. It will keep for years. 
 
 110. To Destroy Currant Worms and Rose Slugs. — Spray the bushes 
 with a solution of one pound of powdered hellebore to twenty-five gallons of 
 water. 
 
 111. Cabbage Worms. — Spray the cabbages with a mixture of six quarts 
 of water, one ounce of yellow soap and one pint of kerosene, and you will 
 kill the worms without injuring the plant. This mixture should be kept well 
 mixed while applying. 
 
 113. Treatment of New Cooking Utensils. — Iron pots should be boiled 
 out first with wood ashes and cold water and then thoroughly washed. They 
 are then ready for use. Griddles, skillets, waffle irons and iron gem pans 
 should be greased and allowed to burn off once or twice before they are 
 used for cooking. 
 
 113. To Wash Greasy Skillets. — Greasy skillets are best cleaned when 
 hot. The addition of a little soda to the first water will make them more 
 easily cleaned. 
 
304 THE PE0PLE;S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 114. To Clean Bottles and Cruets. — These arp best cleaned with shot 
 and soap suds. Save the shot in a bottle to be used again. 
 
 115. Care of Coffee Pots. — If you would have good coffee always keep 
 the inside of the pot clean. Boil it out once in a while with soap, water and 
 wood ashes and scour it thoroughly. 
 
 116. The Teakettle. — In localities where there is lime in the water 
 it is well to keep an oyster or egg shells in the teakettle to receive the 
 lime deposits. 
 
 117. To Clean Kitchen Floors, Tables and Wooden Articles. — Use sand 
 or bath brick to scrub floors, tables and wooden articles. 
 
 118. To Keep Silverware. — It keeps best when wrapped in blue tissue 
 paper. 
 
 119. To Keep Hinges from Creaking. — Dip a feather into oil and rub 
 them with it. 
 
 130. To Drive Away Fleas. — Sprinkle a few drops of lavender about 
 the beds and other places they infest. 
 
 131. To Drive Away Red Ants. — Put a small bag of sulphur in the 
 drawers and cupboards. 
 
 133. Icy Windows. — Rub the glass with a sponge dipped in alcohol and 
 the windows will be kept free from ice. Alcohol is also good to polish them 
 with. 
 
 133. To Kill Roaches. — They may be poisoned by sprinkling the floors 
 at night with hellebore. 
 
 134. To Keep Pails and Tubs from Shrinking. — Soak them with gly*- 
 cerine and the pails and tubs will not shrink and fall to pieces. 
 
 135. To Keep Flies Off Gilt Frames. — Boil three or four onions in a pint 
 of water and apply the water to the frames with a soft cloth or brush. 
 
 136. To Remove Dry Putty from Window Frames. — Pass a red hot 
 poker over the putty and it may easily be removed. 
 
 137. To Soften Hard Water. — Water may be softened by boiling it. 
 Hard spring water is softened by adding a piece of chalk to it. Cistern water 
 that is hard from long standing may be softened by the addition of a little 
 borax. 
 
 138. To Remove Smell of Fresh Paint. — Mix chloride of lime in water, 
 sprinkle hay with it and place in the room. 
 
 139. To Clean Chromos. — Go over them carefully with a slightl)^ damp- 
 ened linen rag. If any of the varnish is oflf apply a thin mastic varnish. 
 
 130. To Clean a Sponge. — Rub fresh lemon juice thoroughly into a 
 soured sponge, then rinse several times in warm water and the sponge will 
 be as sweet as when new. 
 
 131. To Take Kerosene and Grease Spots from Carpets. — Cover the 
 grease spot with flour and then pin a thick paper over it and after leaving, 
 awhile sweep up the flour. Repeat several times. 
 
 133. Hard Whitewash. — Dissolve five cents worth of glue in warm 
 water and mix with ten cents worth of kalsomine, two quarts of soft soap 
 and bluing. Fine for halls, fences, etc. 
 
 133. To Remove Bad Smells from Clothing. — Articles of clothing or 
 any other articles which have bad smelling substances on them may be freed 
 from the smell by wrapping them up ligjitly and burying in the ground for 
 a day or two. 
 
" WHAT TO DO " Al«;rD " HOW TO DO IT." 205 
 
 134. To Mend Tin. — Scrape all rust and grease from the parts to be 
 mended, rub a piece of resin on it till a powder lies about the hole, lay a 
 piece of solder over it and hold a hot poker or soldering iron over it until 
 the solder melts. 
 
 135. To Remove Grease from Wood Before Painting. — Whitewash the 
 parts at night and wash off in the morning. Let it dry before painting. 
 It is as well to lay a little slacked. lime on the parts and dampen a little. 
 
 136. Lightning Cream for Clothes or Paint. — Dissolve four ounces of 
 finely cut white castile soap in one quart of soft water over the fire ; remove 
 from fire; add four ounces of ammonia, two ounces of alcohol, two ounces of 
 ether and one ounce of glycerine. 
 
 137. Magic Furniture Polish. — One-half pint of alcohol, one-half ounce 
 gum-shellac, one-half ounce resin, a few drops of aniline brown; mix and 
 let staiid over night, then add one-half pint spirits of turpentine and three- 
 fourths pint of raw linseed oil. This should be well shaken before using. 
 Apply with a cotton flannel and rub dry with another cloth. 
 
 138. To Temper Lamp Chimneys and Other Glassware. — Put them 
 into cold water; bring slowly to the boiling point and let them boil for an 
 hour. They should be allowed to cool before removing from water. 
 
 139. A Good Cement for All Kinds of Articles. — Mix litharge and gly- 
 cerine until of the consistency of thick cream or fresh putty. This is good 
 for fastening on lamp posts, mending stone jars, stopping leaks in seams 
 of wash boilers or tin pans, cracks in iron kettles, etc. It is not affected 
 by water, heat or acids. 
 
 140. To Clean Wall Paper. — Blow the dust off the wall with a bellows 
 and then, beginning at the top of the room, go all over the paper, rubbing it 
 with downward strokes with pieces of stale bread. Or, tie about two quarts 
 of wheat bran in a flannel and go over the paper with that. Or, dry corn meal 
 may be used instead of bread. Apply on a cloth. Grease spots may be 
 removed by laying a blotter over them and then holding a hot flatiron on 
 the blotter. 
 
 141. To Drive Away Red Ants. — Scatter sweet fern in the places they 
 frequent. 
 
 143. To Remove Egg Stains from Silverv/are. — Rub the silverware with 
 a little salt or wash in water in which potatoes have been boiled. 
 
 143. To Remove Taste of Fish from Tableware. — Rub steel knives and 
 forks with fresh lemon or orange peel to remove the taste of fish. 
 
 144. Corks.' — If they are too large put them into hot water for a few 
 moments to soften. 
 
 145. To Prevent Rusting of Cutlery. — After wiping dry, wrap it in 
 coarse brown paper. 
 
 146. To Brighten Tin Teakettles. — With a woolen cloth saturated with 
 kerosene a tin teakettle may be rubbed as bright as new. 
 
 147. Care of Wire Tableware. — It will keep bright if waphed in clean 
 water with soap added. Never scour it. 
 
 148. Silver Polish. — Add three ounces of precipitated chalk and two 
 ounces of ammonia to one quart of rain water. Keep well corked in a bottle 
 and shake before using. 
 
 149. Cement for China, Marble and Glassware. — Add enough finely 
 powdered quick lime to the whites of two eggs to make a thick paste. 
 
206 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 150. Water-proof Paper Covering for Jars — Used in Preserving, Etc. — 
 
 Brush the paper over with boiled linseed oil and hang over a line until dry. 
 
 151. To Remove Tight Glass Stoppers. — Wet a cloth in hot water and 
 wrap it around the neck of the bottle. Another way is to wind a cord once 
 around the neck of the bottle and saw back and forth a few times until the 
 neck is heated and expands. / 
 
 152. To Clean Knives. — Take a raw potato, cut it in two, dip the flat 
 surface in brick dust and rub the knife blades. This will remove rust and 
 stains. A cloth or a cork may be used in like manner. 
 
 153. A Fire Kindler. — Melt together a quart of tar and three pounds 
 of resin and stir in as much pulverized charcoal and sawdust as possible; 
 spread on a board to cool and then break it into lumps the size of a walnut. 
 These lumps may be lighted with a match and will burn quite a while with 
 a good blaze. 
 
 154. To Clean Brass or Copper Kettles. — First scour with soap and 
 ashes, then put in a handful of salt and a half pint of vinegar ; put over the fire 
 and let come to a boil and wash out thoroughly, afterwards rinsing with 
 water. If the kettle is used every day the scouring with soap and ashes may 
 be omitted. 
 
 155. To Soften Water. — Boil a small bottle in a kettle of water to 
 soften the water. The carbonate of lime and other impurities will be found 
 adhering to the bottle. 
 
 156. To Remove Rust from Plows and Other Steel Implements. — Rut? 
 the steel well with sweet oil and let it remain for two days, then rub it with 
 finely powdered unslacked lime until the rust is removed. 
 
 157. To Polish Iron or Steel. — Vienna lime and alcohol applied with 
 leather, chamois, a cork or piece of soft wood will give a fine polish to iron 
 or steel. 
 
 158. To Clean White Zephyr.— Rub with either magnesia or flour and 
 change often. Shake off the flour or magnesia and hang for a short time 
 in the open air. , 
 
 159. To Clean Alpaca. — Sponge alpaca with strained coffee and iron 
 on the wrOng side with black cambric under the goods. 
 
 160. To Take Out Machine Oil. — Rub with a little soap and w£sh out 
 in cold water. Another way is to rub with a little butter or lard and wash 
 in warm water. 
 
 161. To Stiffen Linen Collars and Cuffs. — Add a teaspoonful of brandy 
 and a small piece of white wax to a pint of fine starch. Soap the bottom 
 of the iron if it sticks. 
 
 162. To Clean Rusty Wash Boilers, — Wash them with sweet milk or 
 grease with lard. 
 
 163. To Remove Paint from Clothing. — Saturate the spot two or three 
 times with equal parts of spirits of turpentine and ammonia and then wash 
 out with soap suds. This treatment will remove paint no matter how dry 
 or hard it may be. 
 
 164. To Restore Velvet.— Velvet when crushed may be restored to its 
 original beauty by holding it over a basin of hot water with the wrong side 
 next the water. 
 
 165. To Remove Spots, Caused by an Acid, from Cloth. — Touch the 
 spots with spirits of hartshorn. 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 207 
 
 166. To Remove Spots, Caused by an Alkali, from Cloth. — Moisten the 
 spots with either vinegar or tartaric acid. 
 
 167. To Prevent Blue from Fading. — All shades of blue may be pre- 
 vented from fading by soaking for two hours in a solution of an ounce of 
 sugar of lead to a pail of water. The material should then be allowed to dry 
 before washing and ironing. 
 
 168. To Wash Red Table Linen. — Set the color by using warm or tepid 
 water in which a little powdered borax has been dissolved; wash the article 
 separately and quickly, using but a very little soap and rinse in tepid water 
 containing a little boiled starch ; hang in the shade and iron when almost dry. 
 
 169. To Clean Alpaca. — Put the goods into a boiler half full of cold 
 rain water and let come to a boil and boil three minutes. Wring out of the 
 boiling water and put into a pail of very dark indigo water, let remain for 
 half an hour, wring out and iron while damp. 
 
 170. To Clean Velvet. — Turn a hot flatiron bottom side up, put one 
 thickness of wet cotton cloth over it, lay the velvet on this with the wrong 
 side next the wet cloth, rub gently with a dry cloth tintil the pile is raised 
 then lay the velvet on a table and brush with a cloth or soft brush. 
 
 171. To Take Grease Out of Woolens, Silks, Paper, Floors, Etc.— Grate 
 . either French or common chalk thickly over the spot, cover with a brown 
 
 paper, set a hot flatiron on it and let it remain until cool ; repeat if necessary. 
 See that the iron is not hot enough to burn the paper or cloth. 
 
 173. Silver Polish for Shirts. — One 'ounce borax, one ounce isinglass, 
 two teaspoonfuls white of egg, one teaspoonful white glue; cook well in two 
 quarts of fine starch. Starch in this and dry. Before ironing apply it to 
 the cuffs and bosom with a cloth until well dampened and iron immediately 
 with a hot glossing iron. 
 
 173. To Clean Black Lace. — Wipe off all the dust carefully with a cam- 
 bric handkerchief; then pin it on a board, inserting a pin in each point of lace 
 that projects. Sprinkle it all over with table beer and leave it until perfectly 
 dry when it will look fresh and new. 
 
 174. To Remove Iron Rust from Clothing. — When rinsing the clothes 
 dip the wet finger in oxalic acid and rub on the spot, then dip in salt and rub 
 on and then hold on a hot flatiron. Rinse again and rub with the hands. 
 
 175. To Wash Neckties and Other Goods that Fade. — Instead of soap 
 use crude ammonia. Use a teaspoonful of spirits of hartshorn to two teacups 
 of water for washing neckties. If they are much soiled put through a second 
 wash not quite so strong. Lay the tie on a clean white cloth and wipe it 
 gently with another cloth until dry. 
 
 170. To Clean Woolen and Silk Dress Goods. — Any woolen or silk dress 
 goods may be washed and rubbed in gasoline without injury. The dirt is 
 quickly removed without injuring the colors. Do not use gasoline near a stove 
 or light.. 
 
 177. To Clean Silk and Thread Gloves.— Put the gloves on the hands 
 and wash them in white castile soap suds or in borax water the s^me as 
 though washing the hands; rinse by holding under a stream of water and 
 dry with a towel. Keep them on until half dried, remove and fold carefully 
 like new gloves and lay between towels under a weight. 
 
 178. To Wash Delicate Colored Muslins. — Make a thick corn meal mush, 
 salt it well and use instead of soap; rinse in one or two waters. It will not 
 need starching. 
 
208 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 179. Washing Laces. — Mix the dry particles of starch with enough cold 
 water to make a smooth paste and add cold water until it looks like milk and 
 water and boil in a glazed earthen vessel until transparent. While the 
 starch is cooling squeeze the laces through soap suds and rinse in clear water. 
 If you desire them to be clear white, add a little bluing; if ivory white, omit 
 the bluing; if yellow-tinged, add a few teaspoonfuls of clear coffee to the 
 starch. Run through the starch, squeeze, roll up in towels, and clap each piece 
 separately until dry. Pull gently into shape from time to time and pin upon 
 the ironing board. When dry press between tissue paper with a hot iron. 
 Punch the openings and pick each loop on the edge with a large pin until it 
 looks like new. 
 
 180. To Bleach Muslin. — For fifteen yards of muslin dissolve one-half 
 pound of chloride of lime in a quart of rain water. Soak the muslin over 
 night in warm rain water. Wring out the cloth and put in another half 
 tub of warm rain water in which the solution of lime has been poured. Leave 
 it in this for about twenty minutes bvit lift up cloth for an airing every few 
 minutes. Rinse in clear rain water. Will not injure the cloth. 
 
 181. To Wash Lace Curtains. — Carefully shake out all the dust and 
 put the curtains into tepid water in which is dissolved a little soda and 
 without soaking wash at once in several waters. Rinse in water that has 
 been well blued; also blue the boiled starch deeply and squeeze, but do not 
 wring, the curtains. If you have no curtain frames, some sheets may be pinned ' 
 on the carpet in a vacant room and the curtains pinned to them. Have the 
 curtains stretched to same size as before washing. In a few hours they will 
 be dry and ready to put up. The curtains should not be soaked and the wash- 
 ing and stretching should be done as quickly as possible for curtains shrink 
 rapidly. They should be measured before washing so they may be stretched 
 to the same size. 
 
 183. To Keep Cranberries. — Put them into a keg of water and they 
 may be kept all winter. 
 
 183. To Keep Celery. — Bury it in dry sand. 
 
 184. To Keep Onions. — The best way is to spread them over the floor. 
 
 185. To Keep Turnips. — Bury them deep in the ground and they will 
 keep until spring. 
 
 186. To Keep Lemons — They will keep and also be more juicy if kept 
 covered with cold water. The water should be changed every week. 
 
 187. To Keep Parsnips and Salsify. — Unless the climate is very severe 
 they should be left in the ground all winter, otherwise they should be buried 
 in a deep pit in the garden. 
 
 188. To Keep Parsley Green and Fresh. — Make a strong, boiling hot 
 pickle of salt and water and keep it in this for use. If wanted for soups and 
 stuffing, hang it up in bunches in a dry attic, with the blossoms down. 
 
 189. Whitewash for Cellars. — Add an ounce of carbolic acid to a gallon 
 of whitewash or add copperas to ordinary whitewash until it is yellow. Cop- 
 peras is a disinfectant and will drive away vermin. Carbolic acid will prevent 
 the odors which taint milk and meat. 
 
 190. To Keep Cellars Clean. — Remove all vegetables as soon as they 
 begin to decay and ventilate well. Sprinkle with chloride of lime, which is 
 a disinfectant. 
 
 191. To Keep All Kinds of Herbs. — Just before or while the herbs are 
 in blossom gather them on a dry day, tie in bundles and hang up with the 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 309 
 
 blossoms downward. When they are perfectly dry those that are to be used 
 as medicine should be wrapped in paper and kept from the air while those 
 that are to be used in cooking should have the leaves picked ofif, pounded, 
 sifted fine and corked tightly in bottles. 
 
 193. To Keep Cabbages. — Cut them off near the head and carry to cellar 
 with leaves on, break off the leaves and pack the cabbages in a light box 
 with the stems upward. When the box is nearly full cover with loose leaves 
 and put the lid on to keep rats out. They should be kept in a dry cellar. 
 
 193. To Keep Potatoes. — They should be kept in a cool, dark place. 
 When old and likely to sprout, put them into a basket and lower them for 
 a minute or two into boiling water. Let them dry and put in sacks. This 
 destroys the germs without injuring the potato and allows it to keep its flavor 
 until late. 
 
 194. The Temperature at Which Vegetables Should be Kept.— Vege- 
 tables should be kept at as low a temperature as possible without freezing. 
 Apples will stand a very low temperature but sweet potatoes should have 
 a dry and warm atmosphere and should be kept well packed in dry leaves. 
 Squashes should be kept in a dry place and as cool as possible without 
 freezing. 
 
 195. To Keep Pess for Winter Use. — Shell them and put into boiling 
 water with a little salt added, boil for five minutes. Drain in a colander and 
 afterwards on a cloth, then place in air-tight bottles. When used they should 
 be boiled until tender and seasoned with butter. 
 
 196. To Keep Apples. — Apples are usually kept on open shelves where 
 any that begin decaying may be removed immediately. Sometimes they are 
 packed in layers of dry sand but care should be taken that they do not touch 
 each other. They may also be packed thus in any grain, such as oats, barley, 
 etc. If the apples are very choice, each one should be wrapped separately in 
 paper and packed in a box. 
 
 197. To Keep Grapes. — The simplest way is to keep them in drawers 
 or boxes which hold about twenty-five pounds each, and pile them one above 
 another. A better way is to ha::g a barrel hoop from the ceijing by three 
 cords ; seal the stem with sealing wax, attach a wire to the small end of the 
 bunch andj hang on the hoop, taking care that no two bunches touch. The 
 imperfect grapes should previously have been picked off. The room should 
 not he too moist and yet not so dry as to wither the grapes and it should be 
 free from frost. 
 
 198. To Keep Vegetables. — If they are to be kept a long time they should 
 be pulled on a dry day and the tops should be cut off and trimmed. Pack 
 them in layers in barrels or boxes with moss between and over them. The 
 moss keeps them from shriveling and yet keeps out any excess of moisture. 
 
 199. Mucilage. — Dissolve three ounces of gum arable by putting it into 
 one-h'JE pint of cold water and stirring frequently. 
 
 200. To Remove Coffee Stains. — Mix the yolk of an egg with a little 
 water that is slightly warm and use it on the stain like soap. If the stains have 
 been on tor some time a little alcohol should be added to the egg and water. 
 
 301. To Restore Feathers. — Sprinkle a little salt on a hot stove and hold 
 the plume in the fumes for a few minutes. 
 
 303. To Clean Feathers. — Pour boiling water over some white curd soap 
 which has been cut into small pieces and add a little pearlash. When dis- 
 solved and cool enough for the hand, put the feathers into it and draw them 
 
 > 2-14 
 
210 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 through the hand until all the dirt is squeezed out, then pass them through 
 a clean lather with bluing in it. Rinse in cold water with blue to give them 
 a good color. Shake the water off by striking them against the hand, then 
 dry them by shaking near a fire. To clean black feathers use water and gall 
 and wash and dry in like manner. 
 
 203. To Curl Feathers. — When nearly dry draw each flue or fibre over 
 the edge of a blunt knife, turning it the way you want it to curl ; if the feather 
 is to be flat, press it between the leaves of a book. 
 
 204. Magic Annihilator. — To make a gross of 8-ounce bottles of annihi- 
 lator, take one gallon aqua ammonia, four pounds of best white soap, eight 
 ounces of saltpeter and eight gallons of soft water. Pour the water over the 
 soap which has previously been shaved fine and boil until dissolved. Let it 
 get cold, then add the saltpeter and stir until dissolved. Strain, let the suds 
 settle, skim off the dry suds, add the ammonia and bottle and cork at once. 
 
 What It Will Do. — It will remove all kinds of oil and grease from every 
 description of wearing apparel, such as coats, vests, pants, dress goods, car- 
 pets, etc., and will not injure the finest laces and silks. It works like a charm 
 when used as a shampoo, lathers freely and removes all grease and dandruff. 
 A cloth wet with it will remove every pjClicle of grease from door knobs, 
 window sills, etc It will remove paint ^fom a board no matter how dry 
 or hard the paint may be and will not injtiflre the finest textures. It acts on 
 oil or grease, turning it to soap which may be washed out with cold water. 
 Nothing can beat it for cleaning brass, copper and silverware. It will posi- ^ 
 tively exterminate bed bugs. 
 
 Directions for Using. — To remove grease spots, pour some of the Magic 
 Annihilator upon both sides of the article to be cleaned and rub well with a 
 clean sponge. If the grease upon carpets and coarse goods is hard and dry, 
 use a stiff brush and afterwards wash out with clear, cold water. One appli- 
 cation is all that is ever required tt> remove fresh grease spots but two ap- 
 plications may occasionally be necessary to remove old spots. For a shampoo 
 mix the Annihilator with an equal quantity of water and apply to the hair 
 with a stiff brush, rub well into the pores and wash out with clear water. 
 It will give the hair a gloss like silk. For cleaning silver, brass and copper 
 mix a little whitening with a small quantity of the Annihilator, apply to the 
 metal and rub briskly with a rag. Apply it to beds and other places where 
 they frequent and you will soon be rid of the bugs. Many other uses will 
 be found for the Magic Annihilator. 
 
 205. To Remove Sealing Wax. — Apply either alcohol or naphtha to 
 the spots with a camel's-hair brush. 
 
 306. To Remove Tar. — Scrape off all the tar possible and then thor- 
 oughly wet the place with either melted lard or good salad oil and let it 
 remain for twenty-four hours; if woolen or silk, take out the grease with 
 either spirits of wine or ether; if cotton or linen, wash out in strong, warm 
 soap suds. 
 
 207. To Make Bluing for Clothes. — Powder one ounce of soft Prussian 
 blue and put it into a bottle with a quart of clear rain water, then add one- 
 fourth ounce of oxalic acid. Use a teaspoonful for a large washing. 
 
 208. Patent Soap. — Three pounds grease, three pints salsoda, one-half 
 pint turpentine, two pounds resin soap, forty gallons water ; boil one hour. 
 This makes a great soap. 
 
 209. Brilliant Self-Shining Stove Polish.— Take black lead (plumbago), 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 211 
 
 finely pulverized, and put into 2-ounce wooden boxes; label them neatly arid 
 retail for 10 or 15 cents per box, or wholesale at $6.00 per hundred. It costs 
 three cents per box to prepare. 
 
 Directions. — ^This , polish requires no mixing which is so disagreeable 
 to the housewife. Dip a damp woolen cloth into the box and apply to the 
 stove, then polish with a dry cloth. It will give a very beautiful polish. 
 Stove polish is a necessity in every home and if you have the best, as thjs is, 
 you will make a sale at every house. Step up and polish a small place on 
 the stove and the sale is made. If the stove is not convenient, use a piece of 
 wood, a sheet of paper, a potato or almost any article and you will have a 
 lustre like a burnished mirror. This is a great invention and will make money 
 for those who push the sale. 
 
 210. To Clean Gold Chains, Etc. — Let the article lay in a solution of 
 caustic potash until all the dirt is removed. 
 
 211. To Kill Carpet Bugs. — Put one tablespoonful of corrosive sublimate 
 into a quart of hot water and saturate the floors and cracks in the walls. 
 If the carpet is to be sponged use a weaker solution. It will be found a sure 
 treatment. 
 
 212. To Sweeten Rancid Butter. — Use 15 drops of chloride of lime to a 
 pint of cold water and wash the butter thoroughly with it until it has touched 
 every particle; then work the butter over in clear, cold water. 
 
 213. Liquid Glue. — Dissolve half a pound of best glue in three-fourths 
 pint of water and add one-half pint of vinegar. This glue is always ready for 
 use without warming. 
 
 214. Concrete. — Add 15 barrows of sand to 8 barrows of slacked lime 
 that is well deluged with water. Do not use river or beach sand as it 
 absorbs moisture. Mix to a creamy consistency and add 60 barrows of coarse 
 gravel and work well. Stones 9 or 10 inches in diameter may be put into 
 this mixture and it will become as hard as rock. 
 
 215. Patent Blacking. — One gallon alcohol, ll^ pounds gum shellac, 1 
 ounce sulphuric acid; let stand for 48 hours, then add % pound ivory black. 
 Let stand 34 hours, then carefully pour off the top. This is for the polishing 
 of all kinds of leather and is waterproof. A four-ounce .bottle retails for $1.00 
 and $50.00 was the original cost of this recipe. Of course it may be made in 
 smaller quantities by using the same proportions. 
 
 216. Axle Grease. — One pound tallow, % pound black lead, 1/4 pound 
 castor oil; melt the tallow; add the other ingredients and rub all together 
 until cold and well mixed. 
 
 217. To Find the Number of Bushels in a Bin. — Multiply together the 
 three dimensions in feet to get the number of cubic feet and deduct % and 
 you will have approximately the number of bushels in the bin. 
 
 218. To Measure Hay. — Fifteen to eighteen cubic yards of hay well 
 settled in mows or stacks make a ton ; 20 to 25 cubic yards make a ton when 
 loaded on a wagon from mow or stack; 25 cubic yards of dry clover make 
 a ton. To find the number of tons in a mow multiply the length, width and 
 height in yards and divide by 15 if well settled and by 18 if not so well 
 settled. 
 
 219. Apple Tree Louse. — Lime and tobacco juice mixed together will 
 kill them. 
 
 220. Army Worm. — A ditch around the field to be protected will arrest 
 their progress so that they may be killed by covering with earth, by crushing 
 
212 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 with rollers, pouring coal oil in ditch or burning straw over them. The sida 
 of the ditch next the field should be perpendicular or sloping under so they 
 cannot easily crawl out. 
 
 231. Bark Lice. — Use a strong lye made from wood ashes or diluted 
 soft soap or a mixture of lime, whitewash and kerosene. If the latter is used 
 there should be a pint of kerosene to a gallon of whitewash. 
 
 222. Apple Tree Borers. — During the spring or early summer the trees 
 should be washed with strong soap suds to kill the borers. 
 
 223. Cinch Bugs. — They may be destroyed with a mixture of soap suds 
 and kerosene. Make the suds by using one pound of soap to ten gallons of 
 water, then use equal parts of the suds and kerosene to make the emulsion. 
 
 224. Colorado Beetle or Potato Bug. — Dust the vines with Paris green, 
 London purple or carbonate of lime. 
 
 225. Corn Moth. — Fill up all cracks and sweep the floors and walls clean 
 before storing the corn. To destroy the moths, fill all cracks and then sprinkle 
 the floor with a mixture of strong white wine vinegar and salt before laying 
 
 , up the corn. If the moth has deposited its eggs on the grain salt may be mixed 
 with it. 
 
 226. Grain Weevil. — The granary should be fumigated thoroughly with 
 burning sulphur before the grain is stored and again in about two months. 
 
 227. Caterpillars. — ^These may be destroyed with powdered hellebore. 
 
 228. Hessian Fly. — Quicklime scattered over the field immediately after 
 the grain is cut will destroy the pupae. It is well to thresh as soon as possible 
 after the grain is cut then to scatter the straw over the stubble and burn. An- 
 other way is to turn the cattle on the young wheat while the ground is yet 
 frozen and let them eat the wheat close to the ground. 
 
 229. Strawberry Worms. — Poultry will destroy them. They should be 
 turned into -the patch before the berries are formed. Spray the plants with 
 one pound of white hellebore in twenty gallons of water. 
 
 230. To Cut or Break Glass in Any Shape. — File a notch in the edge of 
 the glass at the place you wish to begin to break from; then put a red hot 
 iron on the notch and draw it in the direction you wish the glass to, break. 
 If the iron be drawn slowly a crack will follow it. Another way is to hold 
 the glass level under water and cut with a pair of shears. 
 
 231. To Bore Holes in Glass. — Any hard steel tool will easily cut glass 
 if it be kept moist with camphor dissolved in turpentine. A drill may be 
 used or, if that be not available, the tool may be held in the hand. A window 
 glass may be easily sawed with a watch spring saw if this solution be used. 
 
 232. To Clean Tobacco Pipes. — Pour alcohol into the bowl and allow 
 it to run out of the stem. This will thoroughly clean and sweeten the pipe. 
 
 233. To Petrify Wood. — Mix equal parts of rock alum, gem salt, white 
 vinegar, chalk and peebles powder ; after the ebullition has ceased throw any 
 piece of wood or other porous substance into the solution and it will petrify. 
 
 234. To Remove Blood Stains. — Steep the article in lukewarm water. 
 If pepsin is at hand apply it after fifst softening the spots in lukewarm water. 
 
 235. To Remove Tar, Wagon Grease, Mixtures of Fat, Carbon and 
 Acetic Acid. — If the spots be on white goods apply soap and oil of turpentine, 
 alternating with streams of water. If the spots are on colored cottons or 
 woolens, rub in with lard ; let it lie ; soap ; let lie ; and proceed, alternating with 
 oil of turpentine and water. Treat silks the same only use benzine in place 
 of turpentine. 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 213 
 
 236. Black Ink, Copying or Writing Fluid. — Rain water, one gallon; 
 brown sugar, one-eighth pound ; gum arabic, one-eighth pound ; powdered nut- 
 galls, three-eighths pound ; clean copperas, one-eighth pound ; bruise and mix, 
 then let stand for 10 days, shaking occasionally ; strain. If not used as a copy- 
 ing ink but one-fourth of the sugar or gum is needed as it will then flow more 
 freely. This ink is fine for, records and deeds for it may be read hundreds 
 of years hence. 
 
 DYEING AND COLORING. 
 
 General Remarks. — Every article to be dyed should be perfectly clean. 
 They should be washed thoroughly with soap and then rinsed. To prevent 
 spotting, the goods should be dipped into warm water jvtst before they are 
 put into the various coloring preparations. After the article is dyed it should 
 be aired awhile, then well rinsed and hung up to dry. Cotton goods should 
 first be bleached if they are to be dyed a light color. Never wring silk or 
 merino dresses. Use soft water and where the quantity is not mentioned 
 enough should be used to well cover the goods. 
 
 COTTON GOODS. 
 
 237. Black. — For 5 pounds goods take 3 pounds (wood and bark to- 
 gether) of sumac and boil one-half hour and let the goods steep in this for 
 12 hours; then dip for half an hour in lime water and let drip for an hour; 
 now add half a pound of copperas to the sumac liquor and dip the goods 
 again in this for an hour and then for one-fourth hour in the lime water. 
 Make another dye by boiling 3^^ pounds of logwood for an hour and dip the 
 goods in this for three hours, then add 2 ounces bi-chromate of potash and 
 dip for another hour. Wash the goods in cold water and dry in the shade. 
 
 238. Brown for Cotton, Woolen or Silk. — For coloring 5 pounds of goods 
 dissolve two ounces of alum and one pound of catechu in enough hot water 
 to wet the goods. Put this solution into a tin boiler or a brass kettle on 
 the stove and put in the goods when it is boiling hot and remove from the 
 fire. You should have ready 4 ounces of bi-chromate of potash dissolved in 
 hot water in a wooden pail. Drain the goods from the catechu and then dip 
 them alternately into the bi-chromate of potash and catechu until of the 
 desired shade. 
 
 239. Sky Blue for Cotton or Silk. — Dissolve two ounces of blue vitriol 
 in one gallon of water and dip the goods for fifteen minutes, then put through 
 lime water. 
 
 240. Blue. — For 5 pounds of goods dissolve 4 ounces of copperas in 3 
 or 4 gallons of water and soak the goods thoroughly, then drain and put them 
 into a solution of 3 ounces of prussiate of potash in 3 or 4 gallons of water. 
 Lift the goods and put them to drain, then pour i/^ ounce oil of vitriol into the 
 prussiate of potash solution, stirring carefully and pouring in but a few drops 
 at a time. Put the goods in this solution until of the desired shade then rinse 
 in clear water and hang up to dry. 
 
 241. Yellow. — For 5 pounds of goods dissolve 1 pound of sugar of lead 
 in enough water to thoroughly wet the goods and in the same quantity of 
 water in another vessel dissolve % pound of bi-chromate of potash. Dip the 
 
214 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 goods well and drain in each alternafceljr until of the desired shade, then 
 rinse and hang up to dry. 
 
 243. Orange. — Color the goods yellow as given elsewhere but before 
 rinsing dip them into strong, hot lime water. 
 
 243. Green. — First color blue as given elsewhere, then proceed as in 
 yellow, also given elsewhere. 
 
 244. Red. — Put % teacupful of muriate of tin into enough water to cover 
 the goods well, bring to a boil, put in the goods and leave for an hour, stir- 
 ring often, then remove them and empty the kettle. Put 1 pound of nic- 
 wood into the kettle with clean water and steep for half an hour at hand 
 heat, then put in the goods and slowly increase the heat for an hour but 
 do not boil. Air the goods and dip an hour as before. Wash without soap. 
 
 V/OOLEN GOODS. 
 
 245. Chrome Black. — For 5 pounds of goods dissolve 6 ounces of blue 
 vitriol in enough boiling water to cover the goods. Dip the goods 45 minutes, 
 airing frequently, then remove. Make a dye by boiling 3 pounds of logwood 
 for half an hour ; dip the goods for 45 minutes, air and dip again for the same 
 length of time. Wash the goods in strong suds. The sun will not fade this. 
 
 246. Brown. — Color the same as for cotton goods. 
 
 347. Blue. — For 3 pounds of goods take sufficient water to cover and add 
 5 ounces of alum and 3 ounces of cream of tartar and boil the goods in this 
 for an hour. Now boil the goods, until the color suits, in warm water con- 
 taining more or less extract of indigo, according to the color desired. 
 
 248. Yellow. — For 5 pounds of goads make a solution by adding 2 ounces 
 of alum and 3 ounces of bi-chromate of potash to enough water to color the 
 goods and boil them in this for half an hour; lift and air until well cooled 
 and drained, then work for half an hour in a bath with 5 pounds of fustic. 
 Wash and hang up to dry. 
 
 249. Green. — For each pound of goods put 3% ounces of alum and 1 
 pound of fustic into sufficient water to cover goods; steep until the strength 
 is out before putting in the goods ; then soak until a good yellow color is ob- 
 tained; then remove the chips and add extract of indigo or chemic until of 
 the desired color. 
 
 250. Scarlet. — For one pound of goods take sufficient water to cover 
 and boil in it % ounce of pulverized cochineal, % ounce cream of tartar and 
 2% ounces muriate of tin; put ifi the goods and work briskly for 10 or 15 
 minutes, then stir goods slowly while boiling 1^/^ hours. Wash and hang in 
 the shade to dry. 
 
 251. Crimson. — Make a bath of 6 ounces of dry cochineal, 1 pound cochi- 
 neal paste, 1 pound of tartar and 1 pint of proto-chloride of tin. Work the 
 goods in this bath fbr an hour, wash out and hang up to dry. 
 
 352. Orange. — For 5 pounds of goods take sufficient water to cover, 4 
 ounces argal, 6 tablespoonfuls muriate of tin; boil and dip 1 hour, then add 
 1 cup of madder and dip for half an hour. A much brighter color will be 
 obtained by using 2 ounces of cochineal instead of the madder. 
 
 253. Pink. — For 3 pounds of goods use 3 ounces of alum ; boil and dip 
 the goods for an hour; then add to the solution 4 ounces cream of tartar and 
 1 ounce of pulverized cochineal and dip the goods, while boiling, until the 
 desired shade is obtained. 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 215 
 
 SILK GOODS. 
 
 354. Black. — For 5 pounds of goods make a dye by boiling 3 pounds of 
 logwood in enough water to cover goods. Work the goods in bi-chromate of 
 potash which is not quite to the boiling point, then dip them in the logwood 
 solution in the same way. 
 
 255. Brown. — Color the same as. for cotton and woolen goods given else- 
 where. 
 
 256. Sky Blue. — Proceed as for cotton goods given elsewhere. 
 
 257. Light Blue. — Dissolve % tablespoonful of alum in a cup of warm 
 water and add to a gallon of cold water, then add a teaspoonful of chemic at 
 a time until the desired shade is obtained. The more chemic is used, the 
 darker will the color be. 
 
 258. Orange. — For one pound of goods use a pound each of soda and 
 annotto ; repeat if desired. 
 
 259. Green. — For 1 pound of goods boil 8 ounces of yellow oak bark for 
 % hour ; turn off the liquor from the bark and add 6 ounces of alum ; let stand 
 until cold ; while this is being made color the goods in the blue dye-tub a light 
 blue; dry and wash; then dip in the oak and alum dye. Warm the dye a 
 little if it does not take well. 
 
 260. Yellow. — For 1 pound of goods make a solution of % ounce sugar 
 of lead and 3 ounces alum and let the goods stand over night in it ; take out 
 and drain. Make another dye with 1 pound of fustic; dip in this until the 
 desired color is obtained. 
 
 261. Crimson. — Dip 1 pound of goods in a solution made with 3 ounces 
 of alum. This should be at hand heat. Take out and drain while making 
 a new dye by boiling for 10 minutes 2 ounces of bruised nut-galls, 3 ounces 
 cochineal and % ounce of cream of tartar in one pail of water. When this is a 
 little cool, begin to dip the goods, raising the heat to a boil. Dip for an hour ; 
 wash and hang up to dry. 
 
 262. A Quick and Easy Way to Compute Interest. — Allow 30 days for 
 each month and multiply the amount .by the number of days. 
 
 The result divided by 60 gives the interest at 6 per cent. 
 
 The result divided by 45 gives the interest at 8 per cent. 
 
 The result divided by 40 gives the interest at 9 per cent. 
 
 The result divided by 36 gives the interest at 10 per cent. 
 
 The result divided by 30 gives the interest at 12 per cent. 
 Example.— $200.00 for 3 months and 10 days, or 100 days, is 20000; 
 divided by 40 gives $5.00, which is the interest at 9 per cent; or divided by 
 60 gives $3,333, interest at 6 per cent. etc. To find the interest at 5 per c'ent. 
 first find the interest at 6 per cent, then deduct 1/6. Or add 1/6 to find the 
 interest at 7 per cent. etc. 
 
 263. To Find the Number of Gallons in a Barrel or Cask. — Add the 
 greatest and the smallest diameters in inches together and divide by 2 and this 
 will be the average diameter. Multiply this number by itself, then by the 
 length of the barrel in inches and then by 34 and cut off the four right-hand 
 figures. This is approximately the number of gallons. 
 
 Example. — A cask is 28 inches in diameter at the head and 32 inches at 
 the bung and is 36 inches in length ; 28 plus 32 equals 60, divided by 2 equals 
 30, or the average diameter ; 30 times 30 equals 900 ; 36 times 900 equals 32400 ; 
 
216 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 34 times 32400 equals 1101600. and cutting off the four right-hand figures 
 leaves 110 as the number of gallons. 
 
 264. To Find the Number of Gallons in a Round Tank. — Multiply the 
 diameter in feet by itself (called squaring the diameter), multiply the product 
 by the depth in feet, then multiply by 6 and the result is the approximate 
 number of gallons in the tank. 
 
 Example. — ^A tank is 5 feet : i diameter and 7 feet deep; 5 times 5 equals 
 25, 7 times 25 equals 1?(3, 6 ti:T?,es I'J'S equals 1050 gallons. 
 
 265. How to Find the IVi timber of Common Bricks in a Wall or Building. 
 — Multiply together the lerigtli, height and thicV:ness in feet ard multiply 
 this result by 20 and you will have tne number of common bricks in the wall. 
 Find the numbei in each wall and add these together and you will have the 
 number in the building. 
 
 366. Table of Avoirdupois Weight. — 
 
 437% grains equal 1 ounce. 
 
 16 ounces equal 1 pound. 
 
 35 pounds equal 1 quarter. 
 
 2000 pounds equal 1 ton. 
 
 2240 pounds equal 1 long ton. 
 
 267. Miscellaneous Weights.— 
 
 100 lbs. nails equal 1 keg. 
 
 196 lbs. flour equal 1 barrel. 
 
 200 lbs. beef or pork equal 1 barrel. 
 
 380 lbs. N. Y. salt equal 1 barrel. 
 
 268 Table of Troy Weight.— 
 
 24 grains make 1 pennyweight. 
 
 20 pennyweights make 1 ounce. 
 13 ounces make 1 pound. 
 
 480 grains make 1 ounce. 
 
 The troy pound contains 5760 grains while the avoirdupois pound contains 7000 
 grains. If a merchant sells you a pound of tea by troy weight he cheats you, but if he 
 sells you an ounce by troy weight he cheats himself out of 43% grains. 
 
 369 , Table of Apothecaries Weight— 
 
 1 drop equals 1 grain. 
 20 grains make 1 scruple, which is equal to Vs teaspoonful. 
 
 3 scruples make 1 drachm, which is equal to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 8 drachms make 1 ounce, which is equal to 2 tablespoonfuls. 
 12 ounces make 1 pound. 
 
 370. Table of Fluid Measures.— 
 
 60 drops make 1 fluid drachm, or 1 small teaspoonful. 
 
 8 fluid drachms make 1 fluid ounce, or 2 tablespoonfuls, or % gill. 
 16 fluid our|ces make 1 pint, or 4 gills. \ 
 
 1 pint equals 1 pound in weight except with Ether, Glycer- 
 
 ine, Sulphuric acid. Chloroform apd a few 
 others. 
 
 271. A Handy Table.— 
 
 1 tablespoonful equals 4 teaspoonfuls. 
 1 teacup equals 4 fluid ounces. 
 
 1 coffee cup equals 6 fluid ounces. 
 1 wine-glass equals from 3 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 272. Table of Liquid Measure.— 
 
 4 gills make 1 pint. 
 2 pints make 1 quart. 
 4 quarts make 1 gallon. 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 217 
 
 273. How Clothes Are Cleaned by Those Who Make it a Business. — In 
 cleaning establishments, silks and woolen clothes are immersed in gasoline 
 and dipped up and down, and especially the soiled parts are rubbed with ivory- 
 soap. They are then rinsed in clean gasoline. The odor is removed by shak- 
 ing for fifteen or twenty minutes or by hanging on a line where there is a 
 good breeze. Don't use gasoline near a light or stove. 
 
 274. To Clean Dark Furs. — Put some new bran into a pan on the stove 
 and heat very hot, stirring so" as not to let burn. Rub this thoroughly into 
 the fur several times then shake and brush it till it is free from dust. 
 
 275. To Clean Light Furs. — Lay the fur upon a table and with a flannel 
 rub it with bran that is slightly moistened with warm water Rub until 
 dry then with book muslin apply dry bran. Dry flour will do instead of the 
 wet bran. When through rubbing with the bran or flour rub magnesia the 
 wrong way into the fur then shake and brush. 
 
 276. To Clean Straw Hats. — First sponge the hat with a mixture of 2% 
 drachms sodium hyposulphite, 1 drachm glycerine, 2i/2 drachms alcohol, 2i/Jt 
 ounces of water; then hang the hat in the cellar or other moist room for 
 24 hours ; then apply a solution of y% drachm citric acid, 2^/^ drachms alcohol, 
 3 ounces of water and again hang in a moist room for 24 hours. The hat 
 should then be gone over with a flatiron that is not too hot. 
 
 277. Cut Worms. — Make a little ring of either lime or wooci' ashes about 
 the plant as a protection against cut worms. 
 
 278. Onion Maggots. — The best known remedy is to put chimney soot 
 in the drills. 
 
 279. Plant Lice. — A tea made from tobacco, or tobacco smoke, will kill 
 them. 
 
 280. Squash Bugs. — Put some white shingles on the ground under the 
 vines and the bugs will collect under them and may be destroyed in the 
 morning. 
 
 281. Slugs. — In England the gardeners drop a handful of bran every 
 8 or 10 feet along the garden walks. The slugs collect on these little heaps 
 of bran and may be swept up in the morning with a broom and dust pan. 
 
 282. Scale. — Boil 1 gallon of barley in water, pour off the liquid (the 
 grain will do to feed the chickens) and add quicklime to it until about as 
 thick as paint. When cold add 1 pound of lampblack and mix for a long 
 time then add % pound flowers of sulphur and 1 pint of alcohol. Brush 
 the bark of the tree with a stiff brush to remove the moss and then apply 
 the liquid with a paint brush. 
 
 283. Canker Worms. — Spread tar, or tar and molasses, on a cloth and 
 bind about the trunk of the tree near the ground. Do this early in the spring 
 and the female worm will be kept from crawling up the tree. Apply kero- 
 sene below the cloth to kill the eggs. 
 
 284. Grubs. — Apply soap to the trunks of the apple and peach trees dur- 
 ing May. In the fall cut out all that have entered the bark. 
 
 285. Cucumber Beetles. — About the only way to keep these away is to 
 cover the plants with netting. 
 
 286. Celery Pest or Little Negro Bug. — Sprinkle the plants with a 
 mixture of 1 tablespoonful of crude carbolic acid to 2 gallons of water. If pre- 
 ferred, a teacupful of the acid may be mixed with a bushel of either air- 
 slacked lime or land plaster and the plants dusted with this. 
 
318 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 HANDY TABLES FOR COOKS. 
 
 EGGS. 
 8 large, or 10 medium sized, eggs equal 1 pound. 
 
 BUTTER. 
 
 1 lump the size of a medium egg equals 3 ounces. 
 
 1 tablespoonful of soft butter, well filled, equals 1 ounce. 
 
 4 heaping tablespoonfuls of soft butter equal 1 teacupful. 
 3 teacupfuls of packed soft butter equal 1 pound. 
 
 1 pint of well packed soft butter equals 1 pound. , 
 
 FLOUR. 
 3 heaping teaspoonfuls equal 1 heaping tablespoonful. 
 3 heaping tablespoonfuls equal 1 ounce. 
 
 5 heaping tablespoonfuls equal 1 teacupful. 
 5 teacupfuls of sifted flour equal 1 pound. 
 
 3% level teacupfuls of corn meal equal 1 quart. 
 1 quart of sifted flour equals 1 pound. 
 
 SUGAR. 
 8 heaping teaspoonfuls equal 1 heaping tablespoonful. 
 
 1 heaping tablespoonful of granulated, best brown, or A cofifee equals 1 ounce. 
 3 heaping tablespoonfuls of powdered equal 1 ounce. 
 3 heaping teacupfuls of A coffee equal 1 pound. 
 3 level teacupfuls of granulated equal X pound. 
 3 level coffee-cupfuls of powdered equal 1 pound. 
 3^/2 level teacupfuls of best brown equal 1 pound. 
 3% level teacupfuls of powdered equal 1 pound. 
 1% level coffee-cupfuls of granulated equal 1 pound. 
 1 pint of A coffee equals 13 ounces. 
 1 heaping pint of granulated equals 14 ounces. 
 1 quart of powdered equals 1 pound and 7 ounces. 
 1 quart of granulated equals 1 pound and 9 ounces. 
 1 quart of any kind equals 4 teacupfuls. 
 1 teacupful equals 8 fluid ounces or 3 gills. 
 1 teacupful or 16 tablespoonfuls equal % pint or 3 gills. 
 A common-sized tumbler holds % pint. 
 
 TIME TABLE FOR COOKS. 
 
 The time will vary with the quality of the article, 
 
 etc. The general average is here given. Those Time of 
 
 marked " a " minutes to pound. How Cooked. Cooking. 
 
 Hr. Min. 
 
 Apples, sweet and mellow Raw 
 
 Apples, sour and hard Raw 
 
 Asparagus Boiled 15 to 30 
 
 Beans with green corn Boiled 45 
 
 Beans (pod) Boiled 1 00 
 
 Beef Roasted a 25 
 
 Beefsteak Fried 15 
 
 Beefsteak Broiled 15 
 
 Time of 
 Digestion. 
 Hr. Iilin. 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
" WHAT TO DO " AND " HOW TO DO IT." 219 
 
 Beef, salted Boiled 
 
 Bass, fresh Broiled 
 
 Beets, old Boiled 
 
 Beets, young Boiled 
 
 Bread, wheat Baked 
 
 Bread, corn Baked 
 
 Butter Melted 
 
 Cabbage Boiled 
 
 Cabbage Raw 
 
 Cabbage and vinegar Raw 
 
 Cauliflower Boiled 
 
 Cake, sponge Baked 
 
 Carrot, orange Boiled 
 
 Cheese, old Raw 
 
 Codfish, dry and whole Boiled 
 
 Chicken } Fricasseed 
 
 Custard (one quart) Baked 
 
 Duck, wild Roasted 
 
 Djick, tame Roasted 
 
 Dumpling, apple Boiled 
 
 Eggs, soft Boiled 
 
 Eggs, hard Boiled 
 
 Eggs Fried 
 
 Eggs Raw 
 
 Fowls, domestic Roasted 
 
 Fowls, domestic Boiled 
 
 Gelatine Boiled 
 
 Goose, wild .'....' Roasted 
 
 Lamb Boiled 
 
 Meat and vegetables Hashed 
 
 Milk Boiled 
 
 Milk Raw 
 
 Mutton Roasted 
 
 Mutton Broiled 
 
 Onions , Boiled 
 
 Oysters Stewed 
 
 Oysters , Roasted 
 
 Pig's feet Soused 
 
 Parsnips Boiled 
 
 Pork Roasted 
 
 Pork Boiled 
 
 Pork Raw 
 
 Pork Fried 
 
 Pork Broiled 
 
 Potatoes Boiled 
 
 Potatoes Baked 
 
 Potatoes Roasted 
 
 Rice Boiled 
 
 Salmon, fresh Boiled 
 
 Sausage Broiled 
 
 Sausage Fried 
 
 Soup, chicken Boiled 
 
 Soup, vegetable Boiled 
 
 Soup, oyster Boiled 
 
 Soup, mutton Boiled 
 
 Spinach Boiled 
 
 Tapioca Boiled 
 
 Tomatoes Fresh 
 
 Tomatoes Canned 
 
 Trout and salmon, fresh, boiled or Fried 
 
 Turkey, boiled or Roasted 
 
 Turnips Boiled 
 
 Veal Broiled 
 
 Venison Steak Broiled 
 
 a 
 
 35 
 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 
 45 
 
 1 
 
 " 00 
 
 lto2 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 • 30 
 
 1 
 
 • 00 
 
 
 03 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 05 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 20 
 
 a 
 
 20 
 
 
 30 
 
 a 
 
 25 
 
 
 20 
 
 itos 
 
 
 
 05 
 
 1 
 
 '66 
 
 a 
 
 30 
 
 a 
 
 25 
 
 
 ""26 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 • 08 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 lto2 
 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 30 
 
 a 
 
 20 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 2 
 
 45 
 
 4 
 
 50 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 S 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 45 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 •2 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 35 
 
220 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes.) 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 231 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes.) 
 
322 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes.) 
 
CULINARY INDEX. 
 
 For Index of " The People's Home Recipes for Every-Day Use " see page 226. 
 
 MRS. KIRK'S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 A 
 
 Accurate Records, Home Expenditures 
 
 AND 2 
 
 B 
 
 Baking 6 
 
 BEVERAGES 80 
 
 Apple Lemonade 85 
 
 Chocolate 82 
 
 Cocoa 83 
 
 Drip Coffee 82 
 
 Elderberry Wine 86 
 
 Fruit Punch 84 
 
 Fruit Syrups 83 
 
 Ginger Ale 83 
 
 How To Make Coffee 81 
 
 Lemon Syrup 84 
 
 Mint Lemonade 85 
 
 Mint Punch 85 
 
 BREAD MAKING 7 
 
 Buckwheat Cakes 13 
 
 Clover Leaf Rolls 10 
 
 Corn Bread 10 
 
 Corn Meal Griddle Cakes 12 
 
 Delicious Brown Bread 10 
 
 English Muffins 12 
 
 Gluten Bread 11 
 
 Graham and Date Bread 9 
 
 Graham Bread 9 
 
 Graham Gems .' 13 
 
 Pop Overs 12 
 
 Sour Milk Gingerbread 11 
 
 Very Best Bread 8 
 
 C 
 
 CAKES 14 
 
 Afternoon Marguerites 17 
 
 Chocolate Icing 22 
 
 Cream Filling or Boiled Icing 20 
 
 Easy Angel Cake 20 
 
 Fruit Cake 18 
 
 Fruit Drops 16 
 
 Golden Loaf Cake , 20 
 
 Lady Baltimore Cake 19 
 
 Layer Cake IS 
 
 CAKES — Continued. 
 
 Lemon Cookies 18 
 
 Lemon Sponge Cake 19 
 
 Maple Cream Filling 22 
 
 Maple Snow Cake 15 
 
 Marshmallow Filling 21 
 
 May Cakes 16 
 
 Mocha Filling 21 
 
 Sunshine Cake 21 
 
 Tea Cakes 17 
 
 White Loaf Cake 17 
 
 CANNING OF FRUITS AND VEGE- 
 TABLES 90 
 
 Asparagus and String Beans 92 
 
 Canned Pineapple 94 
 
 Canning Large Fruits (Peaches, Pears, 
 
 Apples, Pineapples, Quinces, Etc.) . . 92 
 
 Corn 93 
 
 Peas, Lima Beans or Beets 93 
 
 Raspberries and All Small Fruits .... 91 
 
 Tomatoes 94 
 
 CHAFING DISH COOKERY 86 
 
 Chicken a la King 90 
 
 Chicken Hollandaise 89 
 
 Creamed Oysters 87 
 
 Oysters with Mushrooms 87 
 
 Shrimp Wiggle 88 
 
 Shrimps a la Poulette 88 
 
 Sweetbreads Saute with French Peas 89 
 
 The Queen's Toasted Cheese 89 
 
 Tomato Rarebit 90 
 
 Welsh Rarebit 88 
 
 Cooking, Housekeeper's Science of ... . i 
 
 Cooking Vegetables, General Time for 5 
 
 Creed, Housekeeper's i 
 
 D 
 
 DESSERTS 68 
 
 Apple or Fruit Cups 79 
 
 Apple Rice Pudding 78 
 
 Apple Tapioca 79 
 
 Baked Peaches and Pears 76 
 
 Custard Pie 70 
 
 Fig Pudding 80 
 
 Fruit Whips 72 
 
 Graham Pudding 77 
 
 223 
 
224 
 
 THE PEOELE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 DE.SSERTS— Continued. 
 
 Jellied Apricots 80 
 
 Lemon Cheese Cakes .' 78 
 
 Lemon Cream Sherbet 76 
 
 Lemon Jelly ^i 
 
 Lemon Pie .' 71 
 
 Maple Ice Cream 75 
 
 Maple Mousse 76 
 
 Marlboro Tarts 77 
 
 Marshmallow Pudding 72 
 
 Mince Meat 74 
 
 Peach Tart 77 
 
 Plain Pastry 69 
 
 Plum Pudding 73 
 
 Prune Fluff 79 
 
 Pumpkin Pie 74, 78 
 
 Rhubarb Pie (Also Fresh Fruit Pies) 70 
 
 Rice Pudding 73 
 
 Strawberry Shortcake 72 
 
 Vanilla Ice Cream 75 
 
 Division of Labor, Organization and . . 3 
 
 Domestic Science in the Home i 
 
 E 
 
 EGGS 37 
 
 Bread Omelet 41 
 
 Curried Eggs 41 
 
 Deviled Eggs 39 
 
 Eggs a la Suisse 41 
 
 Eggs Au Gratin 42 
 
 Eggs Scrambled with Pimentos 40 
 
 Eggs Steamed 37 
 
 Fried Stuffed Eggs 39 
 
 Ham and Eggs 38 
 
 Luncheon Eggs 39 
 
 Plain Omelet 4° 
 
 Poached Eggs 38 
 
 Equipment, Laundry 5 
 
 Etiquette, .Table 6 
 
 Every Day Schedule, Housekeeper's. . . 5 
 
 Expenditures, Home 2 
 
 F 
 
 Foods 3° 
 
 Fruits and Vegetables, The Canning of 90 
 
 Jelly Making, Preserves and 95 
 
 K 
 
 Kitchen and Utensils, A Well 
 
 Equipped 3 
 
 Kitchen Utensils 4 
 
 L 
 
 Labor, Organization and Division of. . 3 
 
 Laundry Equipment 5 
 
 M 
 
 MEATS 22 
 
 Chicken Fricassee 28 
 
 Crown Roast of Lamb 27 
 
 Ham Baked in Cider 27 
 
 Irish Stew with Dumplings 24 
 
 Loin of Veal 26 
 
 Pan Broiled Steak 26 
 
 Pot Roast 24 
 
 Roast Beef (No. l) 23 
 
 Roast Beef (No. 2) 23 
 
 Roast Duck and Goose '. . .- 29 
 
 Roast Turkey with Dressing 28 
 
 Steak and Vegetables En Casserole ... 25 
 
 To Broil Steaks or Chops with Gas . . . 25" 
 
 MEAT SUBSTITUTES 30 
 
 Baked Beans 33 
 
 Breslau of Meat 31 
 
 Chicken Sandwiches 36 
 
 Children's School Sandwiches and 
 
 Luncheons 34 
 
 Foods 30 
 
 Ham Sandwiches 36 
 
 Ham Souffle 32 
 
 Lenten Eggs on Codfish Cakes 33 
 
 " No Meat " Menus 30 
 
 Picnic Patties 31 
 
 Salad Sandwiches 35 
 
 Substitutes for Meat - 30 
 
 The Real Spaghetti a la Italianne 32 
 
 Organization and Division of Labor.. 3 
 
 General Time for CookinS Vegetables S 
 
 H 
 
 Home, Domestic Science in the i 
 
 Home Expenditures and Accurate Rec- 
 ords 2 
 
 Household Management, What Con- 
 stitutes I 
 
 Housekeeper's Creed i 
 
 Housekeeper's Every Day Schedule. . . 5 
 
 Housekeeper's Science of Cooking — i 
 
 Housekeeping a Profession 2 
 
 P 
 
 PICKLING loi 
 
 Chiji Sauce 104 
 
 Chow Chow 102 
 
 Cucumber Sauce 103 
 
 Genuine Longfellow Pickles 104 
 
 Green Tomato Pickles 102 
 
 Oiled Pickles 103 
 
 Pepper Relish 104 
 
 Watermelon, Peach or Pear Pickles . . loi 
 
 PRESERVING AND JELLY MAKIl^G 95 
 
 Apple Jelly, Quinces or Crab Apples . . 100 
 
 Blackberry Jam 96 
 
CULINARY INDEX. 
 
 ^ 22.'^ 
 
 PRESERVING AND JELLY MAKING 
 — Continued. 
 
 (Currant Jam 96 
 
 Grape Juice 96 
 
 Mixed Jelly 100 
 
 Quince Preserves 98 
 
 Rhubarb Jam 97 
 
 San Diego Orange Marmalade 99 
 
 Small Fruit Jelly 99 
 
 Spiced Currants 98 
 
 Strawberry Jam' (Also Black and Red 
 
 Raspberry) 97 
 
 Profession, Housekeeping a 2 
 
 R 
 
 Records^ Accurate 2 
 
 S 
 
 SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS 62 
 
 Chicken Salad 65 
 
 Cooked Salad Dressing 64 
 
 French Dressing 64 
 
 June 13th. Salad 67 
 
 May Salad 66 
 
 Mayonnaise Dressing 63 
 
 Potato Salad 64 
 
 Salad a la Kirk 66 
 
 Salads Served with French Dressing. . 63 
 
 Thanksgiving Salad 65 
 
 Tomato Crown Salad 68 
 
 Tomato Jelly 67 
 
 SAUCES 42 
 
 Apple Sauce 46 
 
 Chocolate Sauce for Ice Cream 44 
 
 Cranberry Jelly ,.. 46 
 
 Hard Sauce 45 
 
 Hollandaise Sauce 44 
 
 Lemon Sauce 45 
 
 Mint Sauce 45 
 
 Mushroom Sauce 44 
 
 White Sauce 43 
 
 Schedule, Housekeeper's Every Day.. 5 
 
 Science in the Home, Domestic .' i 
 
 Science of Cooking, Housekeeper's ... 1 
 
 Serving, Table Setting and 6 
 
 SOUPS : 46 
 
 Cream of Asparagus So 
 
 Cream of Pea 49 
 
 Cream of Tomato 49 
 
 Good Vegetable 48 
 
 Mock Oyster So 
 
 Pop Corn SI 
 
 Soup Stock 4'/ 
 
 Tomato Soup with Vegetables 48 
 
 SUBSTANTIAl, MeALS WITHOUT MeAT... J.t 
 
 Substitutes for Meat , 30 
 
 T 
 
 Table 5 
 
 Table Etiquette 6 
 
 Table Setting and Serving 6 
 
 Time for Cooking Vegetables, General 5 
 
 U 
 
 Utensils, A Well Equipped Kitchen 
 
 AND 3 
 
 Utensils, Kitchen 4 
 
 V 
 
 VEGETABLES 51 
 
 Asparagus Tips in Pattie Cases 55 
 
 Baked Stuffed Tomatoes 55 
 
 Boiled Cucumbers 60 
 
 Boiled Rice S2 
 
 Carrots a la Hollandaise 59 
 
 Corn Fritters 58 
 
 Creamed Cabbage ^ 57 
 
 Escalloped Corn 58 
 
 Escalloped Tomatoes 60 
 
 Glazed Sweet Potatoes 56 
 
 Green Corn 57 
 
 Hashed Brown Potatoes S3 
 
 Lima Beans 54 
 
 Mashed Turnips 56 
 
 Plain Asparagus 54 
 
 Potatoes Au Gratin 54 
 
 Potatoes O'Brien S3 
 
 Rice Croquettes S3 
 
 Sour Cream Slaw 57 
 
 Spinach — Boiled and Creamed 62 
 
 Stuffed Egg Plant 61 
 
 Stuffed Sweet Peppers 61 
 
 Sweet Potatoes En Casserole 56 
 
 Tomatoes Du Barry 60 
 
 Tomatoes on Toast 59 
 
 Tomatoes Stuffed with Corn 58 
 
 Vegetables, General Time for Cooking S 
 Vegetables, The Canning of Fruits 
 
 AND 90 
 
 W 
 
 What Constitutes Household Man- 
 agement I 
 
 See next page for Index of " The People's Home Recipes for Every-Day Use." 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPES FOR EVERY-DAY USE. 
 
 For Index of Mrs. Kirk's Department, see page 223. 
 
 A 
 
 Alpaca, To Clean 206, 
 
 Apple Koker 
 
 Apple Tree Borers 
 
 Apple Tree Louse 
 
 'Apples, To Keep 
 
 Army Worm 
 
 . Art of Candy Making, The 
 
 Axle Grease 
 
 B 
 
 Baking Bread 
 
 Baking Powders 
 
 Bakk Lice 
 
 Barrel or Cask, To Find the Number 
 
 of Gallons in 
 
 Bed Bugs, /To Exterminate 
 
 BEVERAGES 
 
 A Cranberry Drink 
 
 A Grapefruit Cocktail 
 
 Blackberry Wine 
 
 Cherry-Shrub 
 
 Christmas Temperance Punch 
 
 Communion Wine 
 
 Cottage Beer 
 
 Cream Toddy 
 
 Dandelion Wine 
 
 Elder Blossom Wine 
 
 Farmer's Soda 
 
 Grape Juice ^ 182, 
 
 Ginger Beer 
 
 Grape Granito 
 
 Kentucky Egg Nog 
 
 Lamb's Wool , 
 
 Milk Punch 
 
 Orange Toddy 
 
 Punch 
 
 Raisin Wine s 
 
 Raspberry Vinegar 
 
 Roman Punch 
 
 Spruce Beer '. 
 
 Tea Punch 
 
 Tom and Jerry 
 
 Various Fruit Waters .' 
 
 Wassail Bowl 
 
 Welsh Nectar 
 
 Bin, To Find the Number of Bushels 
 
 IN 
 
 BISCUITS Ill 
 
 207 Baking Powder 112 
 
 iig Breakfast iii 
 
 212 Soda Ill 
 
 211 Southern Beaten 112 
 
 2og Black Ink, Copying or Writing Fluid 213 
 
 211 Black Stockings, To Wash 199 
 
 154 Blacking, Patent ; 211 
 
 21 1 Blood Stains, To Remove 212 
 
 Blue, To Prevent from Fading 207 
 
 Bluing for Clothes, To Make 210 
 
 Boots, To Dry 198 
 
 ^ Bottles and Cruets, To Clean 204 
 
 2J2 Brass or Copper Kettles, To Clean 206 
 
 BREAD MAKING 105 
 
 215 Baking 107 
 
 i^ Baking Powders ic^ 
 
 igi Bread Recipes 108 
 
 183 Flour 105 
 
 182 Mixing and Kneading 106 
 
 183 Recipes for Making Yeast . '. 108 
 
 184 The Sponge 106 
 
 184 Yeast 106 
 
 182 BREADS 108 
 
 184 Boston Brown 109 
 
 183 Bread 108 
 
 i8l Corn no 
 
 182 Cornish no 
 
 184 Currant no 
 
 183 Eggless Gingerbread no 
 
 184 Entire Wheat 109 
 
 184 Fried no 
 
 182 Gingerbread no 
 
 182 Graham no 
 
 183 "Hottel Berry" Brown Bread 109 
 
 183 Katahdin Corn no 
 
 182 Oatmeal 109 
 
 182 ■ Old Fashioned Brown 109 
 
 183 Raised Graham no 
 
 182 Salt Rising 109 
 
 184 Soft Gingerbread no 
 
 182 Spinster's 109 
 
 183 Steamed Brown no 
 
 184 Steamed Graham no 
 
 183 f Whole Wheat 109 
 
 184 Breads, Light (See "Light Breads.")., in 
 Breath, Smell of Onions to Remove 
 
 211 from THir 197 
 
 226 
 
CULINARY INDEX. 
 
 227 
 
 BUNS 117 
 
 Currant I17 
 
 That Boys Like 117 
 
 Burning Lamp Wicks, To Destroy Odor 
 
 OF 197 
 
 Butter, To Keep for Winter Use 202 
 
 Cabbages, To Keep ; 209 
 
 Cabbage Worms 203 
 
 CAKE MAKING 119 
 
 Cake Recipes 121 
 
 Frosfings, Icings and Fillings 128 
 
 General Directions 119 
 
 CAKES 121 
 
 A Cheap Fruit 125 
 
 Angel 123 
 
 Angel Food , 122 
 
 Anna's Cup 124 
 
 Apple 127 
 
 Black Fruit 125 
 
 Breakfast 127 
 
 Buttermilk 121 
 
 Caramel 121 
 
 Centennial 124 
 
 Cheap 124 
 
 Cheap Fruit 128 
 
 Chocolate 124 
 
 Chocolate Caramel . , 126 
 
 Chocolate Loaf 127 
 
 Clara Follett's 124 
 
 Cocoa 124 
 
 Coffee 124 
 
 Cornstarch Loaf 124 
 
 Cream 126 
 
 Cream Puffs 127 
 
 Crumb , 124 
 
 Custard 126 
 
 Delicate 121 
 
 Delicate Cocoanut 124 
 
 Devil 122, 128 
 
 Devil's Food 122 
 
 Dolly Varden 127 
 
 Economical 121 
 
 Farmer's Fruit 125 
 
 Feather , 124 
 
 Fig 126 
 
 French 124 
 
 Fruit 121 
 
 Gold and Silver 123 
 
 Good Almond 127 
 
 Gospel 12s 
 
 Grandma's 121 
 
 Hickory Nut 123 
 
 Ice Cream 122 
 
 Jelly Roll 122 
 
 Johnny 127 
 
 ILady 125 
 
 Layer or Loaf , 128 
 
 Lemon 123 
 
 Lemon Jelly , 123 
 
 Lightning Clouse 128 
 
 Maple 127 
 
 Marble 121 
 
 Minnehaha , 125 
 
 CAKES — Continued. 
 
 Morangtarta 125 
 
 Myma Marble 122 
 
 Nut 123 
 
 One Egg 122, 125 
 
 Plain 128 
 
 Plain Walnut '. 123 
 
 Pork 127 
 
 Prince of Wales 123 
 
 Queen 125 
 
 Quick 122 
 
 Ribbon 123 
 
 Roll Jelly 127 
 
 Silver 125 
 
 Spice 127, 128 
 
 Sponge 122 
 
 Sultana 121 
 
 Sunshine 126 
 
 Surprise 12S 
 
 Tea 126 
 
 Taylor 121 
 
 Velvet 126 
 
 Washington i 126 
 
 Wedding 121 
 
 White 126 
 
 White Fruit 125 
 
 White Loaf 126 
 
 White Mountain 123 
 
 Cakes, Griddle 119 
 
 Calicof.s, Cajibeics and Muslins, 'i'o 
 
 Wash re? 
 
 CANDY MAKING, THE ART OF. . . . 13.1 
 
 Cream Candies 157 
 
 Bonbons 158 
 
 Chocolates 157 
 
 Cocoanut Creams IS9 
 
 Combination Creams 159 
 
 Cream Dates 158 
 
 Cream Grapes .• 158 
 
 Orangettes 159 
 
 Sweet Sweets and Bitter Sweets 157 
 
 Various Chocolates 158 
 
 Wafers 158 
 
 Fondants 156 
 
 Maple 157 
 
 To Color IS7 
 
 To Flavor IS7 
 
 White 157 
 
 People's Recipes for Home-Made Can- 
 dies 161 
 
 Butter Scotch 161, 162 
 
 Chewing Taffy 161 
 
 Cracker Jack 161 
 
 Cream Candy 161 
 
 Hickory Nut Kisses 162 
 
 January Thaws 161 
 
 Kisses 162 
 
 Macaroons ; i6a 
 
 Maple Fudge 162 
 
 Maple Sugar Candy 162 
 
 Marshmallows i6x 
 
 Molasses Taffy i6i 
 
 Peanut Brittle i6r 
 
338 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 CANDY MAKING, THE ART OF— 
 — Continued. 
 
 Prauline i6i 
 
 Sea Foam i6i 
 
 Sugar Drops '. .... 162 
 
 Precautions to Prevent Sugaring or 
 
 Graining IS5 
 
 Taffies 159 
 
 Cinnamon ; 159 
 
 Clove IS9 
 
 Lemon 159 
 
 Orange 159 
 
 Pineapple 159 
 
 Strawberry 159 
 
 Vanilla 159 
 
 Wintergreen 159 
 
 Testing— How To Tell When Candy is 
 
 Done 155 
 
 Testing Table 156 
 
 Various Candies 160 
 
 Buttering Sticks 160 
 
 Candy Cough Drops 160 
 
 Cocoanut Bar Candy 160 
 
 Cream Caramels — Vanilla and Choco- 
 late 160 
 
 Peanut Bar Candy , 160 
 
 Canker Worms 217 
 
 CANNING, PRESERVING AND 
 
 -JELLY MAKING 185 
 
 Canned Apple Sauce 188 
 
 Canned Beans 187 
 
 Canned Corn 187 
 
 Canned Elderberries 187, 188 
 
 Canned Fruits (All Kinds) 185 
 
 Canned Pineapple 188 
 
 Canned Rhubarb 187 
 
 Canning Fruits, Making Preserves, 
 
 Jellies, Etc 186 
 
 Canning Table 185 
 
 Cooking Apricots 187 
 
 Gooseberry Conserves 187 
 
 Grape Marmalade 186 
 
 Jellies i85 
 
 Lemon Butter 188 
 
 Lemon Marmalade 188 
 
 Marmalades 186 
 
 Orange Marmalade 187, 188 
 
 Pear Chips 187 
 
 Pieplant Jelly 188 
 
 Peserved Cherries • • 187 
 
 Preserves - • • 186 
 
 Quince Honey 187, 188 
 
 Strawberry Preserves 187 
 
 To Cook Cranberries 187 
 
 Tomato Preserves 188 
 
 Carpet Bugs, To Kill 211 
 
 Carpet Cleaner , i97 
 
 Carpets, To Clean i9o 
 
 Caterpillars 212 
 
 Celery Pest or Little Negro Bug 217 
 
 Celery, To Keep 208 
 
 Cellars, To Keep Clean 20S 
 
 Cement for Broken China 203 
 
 Cement for China, Marble and Glass- 
 ware 205 
 
 Cement, Diamond 202 
 
 Cement for Glass and Iron ig8 
 
 Cement for All Kinds of Articues, A 
 
 Good 205 
 
 Cement for Rubber or Leather 202 
 
 Cement for Wood, Ivory, Stone, Porce- 
 lain, Leather, Silk, Woolen or Cot- 
 ton 202 
 
 Cement for China and Glass 203 
 
 Chafing Disk Cookery (See "Rel- 
 ishes.") 151 
 
 Cheese Dishes (See "Relishes.") 151 
 
 Children's Rusks 118 
 
 Chromos, To Clean 204 
 
 Cinch Bugs 212 
 
 Cistern Water, To Purify 197 
 
 Cloth, To Remove Acid Spots from . . 206 
 Cloth, To Remove Alkali Spots from 207 
 Clothes, How they are Cleaned by 
 
 Those Who Make it a Business 217 
 
 Clothing, To Clean Mud from 197 
 
 Clothing, To Remove Bad Smells from 204 
 
 ClothinC, To Remove Paint from 206 
 
 Coat Collars and Seams and Elbows, 
 To Clean and Remove Gloss from . . 202 
 
 Coffee Pots, Care of 204 
 
 Coffee Stains, To Remove 198, 209' 
 
 Colorado Beetle or Potato Bug 212 
 
 Concrete 21 1 
 
 COOKIES 113 
 
 Boston 114 
 
 Cookies 114 
 
 Cookies (Mother B's) 115 
 
 Cornstarch 114 
 
 Crisp Chocolate ' 113 
 
 Ctumb Cakes 113 
 
 (iream 114 
 
 Drop Ginger Cakes 114 
 
 Fruit 113 
 
 Ginger 114 
 
 Ginger Drop Cakes 113 
 
 Ginger Snaps 114 
 
 Hermits 1 14 
 
 Lemon 114 
 
 Lemon Drops 114 
 
 Mince Crisp IIS 
 
 Molasses 114 
 
 Mother's Caraway 113 
 
 Nut 113 
 
 Oatmeal 113 
 
 Oatmeal Macaroons 114 
 
 Peanut 114 
 
 Rocks 114 
 
 Scotch , 113 
 
 Taylor Cakes 113 
 
 Cooking of Meats and Poultry 130 
 
 Cooking Utensils, Treatment of New 203 
 
 Corks 205 
 
 Corn Cake 117 
 
 Corn Dodgers 117 
 
 Corn Moth .*... 212 
 
CULINARY INDEX. 
 
 339 
 
 Corn Pone 117 
 
 Crackers 118 
 
 Cranberries^ To Keep 208 
 
 CREAMS AND CUSTARDS 176 
 
 Apple Custard 178 
 
 Apple Float 176 
 
 Apple Snow 176 
 
 Banana Pudding 176 
 
 Bavarian Cream 176 
 
 Charlotte Russe 177, 178 
 
 Cherrry Tapioca 177 
 
 Custard 177 
 
 Custard SoufHe 177 
 
 Fruit Jelly 177 
 
 Kiss Pudding 178 
 
 Lemon Gelatine 178 
 
 Mock Whipped Cream 177 
 
 Orange Float 177 
 
 Pink Cream 177 
 
 Pretty Pudding 177 
 
 Raspberry Whip 177 
 
 Russian Cream 177 
 
 Spanish Cream 178 
 
 Strawberry Foam 178 
 
 Velvet Cream 178 
 
 CROQUETTES 139 
 
 Cheese 139 
 
 Hominy 139 
 
 Italian 139 
 
 Macaroni 139 
 
 Oyster and Veal 139 
 
 Potato 139 
 
 Rice 139 
 
 Rice and Beef 139 
 
 Salmon 139 
 
 Sweet Potato 139 
 
 Veal 139 
 
 ^RULLERS 117 
 
 Cucumber Beetles 217 
 
 tURRANT Worms and Rose Slugs, To 
 
 Destroy 203 
 
 Cut Worms 217 
 
 Cutlery, To Prevent Rusting of 205 
 
 D 
 
 Dodgers, Corn 117 
 
 DOUGHNUTS 115 
 
 Doughnuts IIS 
 
 Doughnuts (Fine) 1 16 
 
 Fried Cakes 1 16 
 
 Improved Fat for Frying Doughnuts, 
 
 Croquettes, Etc 116 
 
 Raised 116 
 
 Snow Balls 116 
 
 Dressings, Salad 166 
 
 DUMPLINGS 117 
 
 Always Light 117 
 
 Chicken 117 
 
 Drop 117 
 
 DYEING AND COLORING 213 
 
 Cotton Goods 213 
 
 Black 213 
 
 Blue 213 
 
 DYEING AND COLORING— Co»«in«erf. 
 Brown for Cotton, Woolen or Silk 213 
 
 Green 214 
 
 Orange 214 
 
 Red 214 
 
 Sky Blue for Cotton or Silk 213 
 
 Yellow 213 
 
 Silk Goods 215 
 
 Black 215 
 
 Brown 215 
 
 Crimson 215 
 
 Green 215 
 
 Light Blue 215 
 
 Orange 215 
 
 Sky Blue 215 
 
 Yellow .■ . . 2x5 
 
 Woolen Goods 214 
 
 Blue 214 
 
 Brown 214 
 
 Chrome Black 214 
 
 Crimson 214 
 
 Green 214 
 
 Orange 214 
 
 Pink 214 
 
 Scarlet 214 
 
 Yellow 214 
 
 E 
 
 EGGS 142 
 
 Baked 144 
 
 Baked with Cheese 143 
 
 Breaded 146 
 
 Bird's Nest 144 
 
 Buttered 145 
 
 Creamed 143 
 
 Cupped 14s 
 
 Curried 144 
 
 Deviled 143 
 
 Dropped 145 
 
 Egg Gems 143 
 
 Egg Fricassee 145 
 
 Egg Nest Toast , 143 
 
 Eggs a la Bonne F'emme 146 
 
 Eggs a la Creme 14S 
 
 Eggs a la Creole 143 
 
 Eggs a la Suisse '. 146 
 
 Eggs a la Mode 14S 
 
 Eggs Brouille 146 
 
 Eggs in Tomatoes 143 
 
 Eggs in Paper Cases 147 
 
 Escalloped 144 
 
 Fried 144 
 
 Frizzled 146 
 
 Frizzled Ham and Eggs 144 
 
 Frothed 147 
 
 Lunch 146 
 
 Newport Style 14S 
 
 Ox Eyes 143 
 
 Pickled 146 
 
 Poached 144 
 
 Potted 146 
 
 Scrambled 14S 
 
 Shirred I44 
 
230 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 RGGS-^Continued. 
 
 Stuffed 145 
 
 Steamed 146 
 
 To Coddle an Egg i44 
 
 To Preserve 197 
 
 F 
 
 Feathers, To Clean 209 
 
 Feathers, To Cuio, 210 
 
 Feathers, To Restore 209 
 
 FitLiNGS, Cake 128 
 
 Fire Kindler 203, 206 
 
 FISH AND OYSTERS 13S 
 
 Baked Codfish 136 
 
 Baked Pickerel 136 
 
 Baked Salmon 138 
 
 Baked Shad 138 
 
 Baked White Fish 136 
 
 Boiled Fresh Fish 136 
 
 Broiled Oysters 138 
 
 Clam Stew 136 
 
 Codfish Balls 138 
 
 Creamed Fish 137 
 
 Curried Oysters 136 
 
 Escalloped Oysters 138 
 
 Escalloped Salmon 138 
 
 Fish a la Creme 136 
 
 Fried Oysters 137 
 
 Frizzled Oysters 138 
 
 Halibut Steak I37 
 
 HoUandaise Sauce 138 
 
 Lobster a la Newburg 136 
 
 Oyster Cocktails 136 
 
 Oyster Dressing 136 
 
 Oyster Omelet I37 
 
 Oyster Rarebit 138 
 
 Pigs in Blanket I37 
 
 Salmon Balls i37 
 
 Salmon Chops I37 
 
 Salmon Croquettes 138 
 
 Salmon Loaf I37 
 
 Steamed Oysters i37 
 
 Turbot : I37 
 
 Flannels, To Wash i99 
 
 Flannels, To Wash and Dry ; 203 
 
 Fleas, Te Drive Away 204 
 
 Flies, To Get Rid of 200 
 
 Flies, To Keep Off Gilt Frames 204 
 
 Flour 105 
 
 Fresh Paint, To Remove Smell of . . . 204 
 
 FRITTERS "5 
 
 Corn 115 
 
 Corn Fritters or Mock Oysters 11 5 
 
 Fried Cream iiS 
 
 Oyster US 
 
 Potato / IIS 
 
 "Rl(*l* I 3.KPS ,.,...•••• IIt 
 
 FROSTINGS, 'icings 'and FILL- 
 INGS 128 
 
 Boiled Icing 129 
 
 Caramel Icing 128 
 
 Chocolate Cream Frosting 129 
 
 Chocolate Filling for Cake 128 
 
 Custard Filling 129 
 
 FROSTINGS, ICINGS AND FILL- 
 INGS — Continued. 
 
 Icing for Cookies 129 
 
 Icing Without Boiling 128 
 
 Lemon Jelly Filling 129 
 
 Maple Caramel Frosting 129 
 
 Marshmallow Filling or Icing 128 
 
 Fruit Jars, To Loosen Covers of 203 
 
 Fruit Stains, To Remove i^ 
 
 Furniture Dressing 196 
 
 Furniture Polish 199 
 
 Furniture Polish, An Excellent 198 
 
 Furs, To Clean Dark 217 
 
 Furs, To Clean Licht 217 
 
 G 
 
 GAME 135 
 
 A Delicious Rabbit Fry 135 
 
 Hasenpf effer I . . 135 
 
 iPheasants, Partridges, Quails, Etc 135 
 
 Rabbit Stew 13S 
 
 GEMS 116 
 
 Corn 116 
 
 Graham ' 116 
 
 Wheat 116 
 
 General Directions for Making Pies 162 
 
 Gilt Frames, To Clean 202 
 
 Glass, To Bore Holes in 212 
 
 Glass, To Clean igg , 
 
 Glass, To Cut or Break in any Shape 212 
 
 Glass Decanter, Tp Clean a 199 
 
 Glass, To Remove Panes of , 199 
 
 Glass Stoppers, To Remove Tight 206 \ 
 
 Gloves, To Clean Kid ; 199 
 
 Gloves, To Clean Light 199 
 
 Gloves, To Clean Silk and Thread./. 207 
 
 Glue, Liquid 202,211 
 
 Gnats 199 
 
 Gold Chains, Etc., To Clean 211 
 
 Grafting Wax 203 
 
 Graham Crackers 1 18 
 
 Grain Wfevil 212 
 
 Grapes, To Keep 209 
 
 Grass Stains, To Remove 199 
 
 Grease, To Remove 199 
 
 Grease, To Remove from. Floor 199 
 
 Grease, To Remove from Wood Before 
 
 Paintinc! 205 
 
 Greji.se, To Take Out of Woolens, 
 
 Silks, Paper, Floors, Etc 207 
 
 Greasy Skillets, To Wash 203 
 
 GRIDDLE CAKES 119 
 
 Buckwheat 1 19 
 
 Corn Meal 119 
 
 Egg 119 
 
 Graham 119 
 
 Potato , 119 
 
 Grubs .^ 217 
 
 H 
 
 HANDY TABLES FOR COOKS 218 
 
 Butter 218 
 
 Eggs : 218 
 
CULINARY INDEX. 
 
 831 
 
 HANDY TABLES FOR COOKS— 
 Continued. 
 
 Flour 218 
 
 Sugar 218 
 
 Hard Water, To Make Soft 201, 204 
 
 Hay, To Measure 211 
 
 Hekbs, To Keep All Kinds of 208 
 
 Hessian Fly 212 
 
 Hinges, To Keep from Creaking 204 
 
 How to Select Good Meat and Poultry 130 
 
 I 
 
 ICE CREAMS, SHERBETS AND 
 
 ICES 178 
 
 Almond Ice Cream 179 
 
 Banana Ice Cream 179 
 
 Bisque Glace 181 
 
 Caramel Ice Cream 170 
 
 Cherry Ice 180 
 
 Chocolate Ice Cream 179 
 
 Cocoanut Ice Cream 179 
 
 Cranberry Ice 180 
 
 Currant Ice 180 
 
 Currant Sherbet 180 
 
 Frozen Fruit 181 
 
 Green Grape Sherbet 180 
 
 Lemon Ice 180 
 
 Lemon Sherbet 180 
 
 Macaroon Ice Cream 179 
 
 Maple Frappe 181 
 
 New York Ice Cream 179 
 
 Orange Ice 180 
 
 Orange Sherbet 180 
 
 Peach Ice 180 
 
 Peach Ice Cream 179 
 
 Pineapple Ice Cream 179 
 
 Pineapple Sherbet 181 
 
 Plum Glace 181 
 
 Raspberry Ice Cream 180 
 
 Roman Cream 180 
 
 Strawberry Ice 180 
 
 Strawberry Ice Cream 179 
 
 Three of a Kind 181 
 
 Tutti Frutti 181 
 
 Vanilla and Lemon Ice Cream 179 
 
 Ices 178 
 
 Icings, Cake 128 
 
 Ink, To Remove from Linen 198 
 
 Ink Spots 197 
 
 Ink Stains, To Remove 199 
 
 Insects Such as Bed Bugs, Moths, 
 
 Etc., To Kill i97 
 
 Interest, A Quick and Easy Way to 
 
 Compute 215 
 
 Iron Rust, To Remove from Clothing 207 
 
 Iron or Steel, To Polish , . . 206 
 
 Iron Vessels, To Mend 197 
 
 Ironing I99 
 
 J 
 
 {ELLY Making (See "Canning, Etc.").. 185 
 tfMBLES 118 
 
 Jumbles, Favorite 118 
 
 Jewelry, To Clean 201 
 
 K 
 
 ICerosene and Grease Spots, To Take 
 
 from Carpets 204 
 
 Kerosene, To Remove 198 
 
 Kitchen Floors, Tables and Wooden 
 
 Articles, To Clean 204 
 
 Kneading Bread 106 
 
 Knives, To Clean 206 
 
 L 
 
 Lace Curtains, To Wash -208 
 
 Lace, To Clean Black 207 
 
 Laces, Washing 208 
 
 Lamp Chimneys and Other Glass- 
 ware, To Temper 205 
 
 Lamp Chimneys, To Clean 198, igg 
 
 Lemons, To Keep 208 
 
 LIGHT BREADS ni 
 
 Biscuits Ill 
 
 Buns 117 
 
 Corn Dodgers, Corn Pone, Corn Cake 117 
 
 Crackers 118 
 
 Crullers 117 
 
 Cookies 113 
 
 Doughnuts 115 
 
 Dumplings 117 
 
 Fritters 115 
 
 Gems 116 
 
 Griddle Cakes 119 
 
 Jumbles 118 
 
 Muffins 116 
 
 Rolls Ill 
 
 Rusks 118 
 
 Sandwiches 112 
 
 Scotch Scones and Apple Koker iiS 
 
 Toasts 118 
 
 Waffles 116 
 
 Lightning Cream for Clothes or 
 
 Paint 205 
 
 Linen Collars and Cuffs, To Stiffen 206 
 
 Linen Stains, To Remove 201 
 
 Linoleum or Oil Cloth, To Clean... 197 
 
 M 
 
 Machine Oil, To Take Out 206 
 
 Magic Annihilator 210 
 
 MaGic Furniture Polish 205 
 
 Making Yeast, Recipes for 108 
 
 MEATS AND POULTRY 131 
 
 A Ragout 134 
 
 Baked Veal Chops or Cutlet 131 
 
 Beef Loaf 134 
 
 Beefsteak Roll 131 
 
 Boiled Ham 132 
 
 Braised Beef 132 
 
 Breaded Ham 131 
 
 Chicken and Macaroni 133 
 
 Chicken Croquettes 133 
 
232 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 MEATS AND POULTRY— Continued. 
 
 Chicken Cutlets 133 
 
 Chicken Pie 133 
 
 Chicken Sauteing 133 
 
 Chicken Tamales 131 
 
 Chop Suey 134 
 
 Cleveland Chicken 133 
 
 Creamed Beef 131 
 
 Curry Chicken 132 
 
 Deviled Ham Loaf 134 
 
 Deviled Ham Rolls 132 
 
 Dressing for Baked Fowl 134 
 
 Dressing for Stuffing Meats 131 
 
 Ham Pattie 132 
 
 Liver Tiiilbales 134 
 
 Nut Balls 134 
 
 Old Point Comfort Chicken Terrapin 133 
 
 Pressed Tongue 134 
 
 Stuffed Leg of Pork 132 
 
 Stuffed Tripe 134 
 
 Sweetbreads and Peas 133 
 
 Tasse Ham 132 
 
 Veal Loaf 131 
 
 Veal with Oysters 132 
 
 MEATS AND POULTRY, HOW TO 
 
 SELECT GOOD 129 
 
 Beef 129 
 
 Ducks '. 130 
 
 Fowls 130 
 
 Geese 130 
 
 Mutton 129 
 
 Pork 130 
 
 Turkeys 130 
 
 Veal 130 
 
 Meats and Poultry, The Cooking of.. 130 
 
 Meats, Preserving 194 
 
 Mice, To Keep Away 200 
 
 Mildew, To Remove 201 
 
 Miscellaneous Weights 216 
 
 Mixing and Kneading Bread 106 
 
 Mosquitoes and Flies 201 
 
 Mosquitoes and Flies, To Prevent Bites 
 
 from 200 
 
 Moths 200 
 
 Muffins 116 
 
 Muffins, Corn 116 
 
 Muslin, To Bleach 208 
 
 Muslins, To Wash Delicate Colored 207 
 Mucilage 209 
 
 N 
 
 Neckties and Other Goods that Fade, 
 To Wash 207 
 
 O 
 
 Oilcloth, To Clean and Keep Nice 197 
 
 OMELETS 147 
 
 Baked 147 
 
 French 147 
 
 Ham 148 
 
 Jelly or Marmalade 148 
 
 Omelet 147 
 
 Potato 147 
 
 Onion Maggots 217 
 
 Onions, To Keep 2cS 
 
 Oysters, Fish and 135 
 
 P 
 
 Pails and Tubs, To Keep from 
 
 Sheinkin,g 204 
 
 Paint Spots, To Remove from Windows 203 
 Paint Stains, To Remove from Cotton 
 
 and Wool 197 
 
 Paint and Varnish, To Remove Old. . 199 
 
 Painted Surface, To Wash 200 
 
 Parsley, To Keep Green and Fresh . . 208 
 
 Parsnips and Salsify, To Keep 208 
 
 Patent Leather, To Polish 199 
 
 Peas, To Keep for Winter Use 209 
 
 Piano Polish 200 
 
 PICKLING 189 
 
 Beet Pickles 189 
 
 Bordeaux Sauce 191 
 
 Canned Beets 192 
 
 Canned Cucumbers 192 
 
 Celery Sauce igo 
 
 Chili Sauce 192, 194 
 
 Chopped Pickles 189 
 
 Chow Chow 189 
 
 Chowder igi 
 
 Cold Catsup 192 
 
 Corn Salad 193 
 
 Corn Sauce 191 
 
 Cucumber Catsup 193 
 
 Cucumber Pickles 189, 193 
 
 Damson Plum Catsup 191 
 
 " Dandy " Home-Made Pickles 192 
 
 Dill Pickles 189 
 
 English Chow Chow igo 
 
 Euchered Crab Apples 191 
 
 Gooseberry Catsup igo 
 
 Green Tomato Pickles 190 
 
 Mexican Chili Sauce ig3 
 
 Mixed Pickles igo, ig2 
 
 Piccalilli 191 
 
 Pickled Cabbage 191 
 
 Pickled Peaches 193 
 
 Pickled Peppers 190 
 
 Pickled String Beans 193 
 
 Sliced Cucumbers 189 
 
 Small Cucumber Pickles 191 
 
 Sou.r_ Cucumber Pickles 192 
 
 Spanish Pickle 191 
 
 Spiced Peaches 192 
 
 String Bean Pickles 192 
 
 Stuffed Peppers igi 
 
 Sweet Pickled Peaches 190 
 
 Sweet Pickled Prunes igo 
 
 Sweet Pickles — Pears, Peaches and 
 
 Apples 193 
 
 Tomato Catsup 194 
 
 Tomato Higdom igo 
 
 Tomato Ketchup 190 
 
 Tomato Sauce 190 
 
 Watermelon Pickles 193 
 
CULINARY INDEX, 
 
 233 
 
 PIES 162 
 
 Buttermilk 163 
 
 Chocolate 164 
 
 Chocolate Cream 164 
 
 Cocoanut 164 
 
 Cornstarch 164 
 
 Cream 164 
 
 Custard 164 
 
 Delicious Apple 163 
 
 Elderberry 164 
 
 Lemon 164 
 
 Lemon Cream : 165 
 
 Mince Meat 164 
 
 Mock Cherry 164 
 
 Mock Mince 165 
 
 Molasses 164 
 
 Pie Crust 165 
 
 Pie Dough 165 
 
 Pieplant 165 
 
 Pumpkin 165 
 
 Raisin 165 
 
 Rhubarb 165 
 
 Shoo-Fiy i6s 
 
 Squash 165 
 
 Transparent 165 
 
 Vinegar 165 
 
 PiESj General Directions for Making 162 
 
 Plant Lice 217 
 
 Plates, Cleaning Before Washing 197 
 
 Poultry (See "Meats and Poultry.")... 131 
 Poultry and Meats, How to Select 
 
 Good 129 
 
 Poultry and Meats, The Cooking of. 130 
 
 Powders, Baking 108 
 
 Preserving (See "Canning, Etc.").. 185, 186 
 
 PRESERVING MEATS 194 
 
 Bologna Sausage 195 
 
 Corned Beef 194 
 
 Cracknels 19S 
 
 Curing and Smoking Hams 194 
 
 Curing Hams 194 
 
 Dried Beef 194 
 
 Head Cheese 19S 
 
 Mince Meat 196 
 
 Mock Sausage 195 
 
 Pickle for Beef or Ham 194 
 
 Pig's Feet Souse 195 
 
 Preserving Eggs 196 
 
 Pressed Beef 196 
 
 Sausage 195 
 
 Scrapple 195 
 
 To Keep Smoked Hams 194 
 
 To Preserve Sausages 194 
 
 Potatoes, To Keep 209 
 
 PUDDINGS 170 
 
 Apple Dicky 170 
 
 Baked Indian Pudding with Hard 
 
 Sauce 171 
 
 Bird's Nest 170 
 
 Black 170 
 
 Blanc Mange 175 
 
 Bread 174 
 
 Bread and Butter 170 
 
 Brown 170 
 
 WDDmCS— Continued. 
 
 Brown Betty 173 
 
 Cheap 173 
 
 Cherry 173 
 
 Cherry Puffs 172 
 
 Chocolate 173 
 
 Cocoanut and Tapioca 171 
 
 Cottage 173 
 
 Crystallized Apples 173 
 
 Cup 174 
 
 Currant 173 
 
 Date 174 
 
 English Plum 172 
 
 Fig 171 
 
 French 171 
 
 Fruit 171 
 
 Fruit Dowdy 171 
 
 Fruit Juice Blanc Mange 174 
 
 Fruit Puff 175 
 
 Fruit Roll 174 
 
 Gelatine Jelly 174 
 
 Lemon 171 
 
 Lemon Rice 173 
 
 Orange 174 
 
 Peach or Apple 170 
 
 Prune 172 
 
 Prune Whip 175 
 
 Quick Apple Dumplings 174 
 
 Quick Puff 172 
 
 Raspberry Float 174 
 
 Rice 172, 173 
 
 Simple Plum 172 
 
 Snow 174 
 
 Sponge 172 
 
 Steamed Chocolate 171 
 
 Strawberry Shortcake 173 
 
 Suet 172 
 
 Vegetable 173 
 
 R 
 
 Rancid Butter, To Sweeten 211 
 
 Rats, To Drive Away 200 
 
 Rats, To Drive Away Without Kjll- 
 
 inS 200 
 
 Recipes for Making Yeast 108 
 
 Recipes for Pies 163 
 
 Receipts of All Kinds, Various 196 
 
 Red Ants, A Preventive for 200 
 
 Red Ants, To Drwe Away 204, 205 
 
 Red Table Linen, To Wash 207 
 
 RELISHES, CHEESE AND CHAF- 
 ING DISH COOKERY 151 
 
 A Delicious Omelet 151 
 
 Cheese Balls 153 
 
 Cheese Fouder ,. 152 
 
 Cheese Fondu 152 
 
 Cheese Ramekins 153 
 
 Cheese Sauce for Potatoes 154 
 
 Cheese Straws 153 
 
 Chocolate Souffle IS'? 
 
 Clams a la Newburg 152 
 
 Corn Oysters 152 
 
 Creamed Chicken 152 
 
 Creamed Chicken and Mushrooms... 152 
 
234 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 RELISHES, CHEElSE AND CHAF- 
 ING DISH COOKERY— Continued. 
 
 Creamed Oysters 152 
 
 Deviled Eggs 152 
 
 Deviled Crabs IS3 
 
 Dreams 153 
 
 Fricassee of Dried Beef ; 152 
 
 Fricasseed Eggs IS' 
 
 Fruit Canopes 153 
 
 Halibut a la Hollandaise IS3 
 
 Macaroni and Cheese 151 
 
 Mexican Macaroni 154 
 
 Nut Loaf 151 
 
 Plain Rarebit 152 
 
 Sardines on Toast 153 
 
 Shrimp Wiggle > 153 
 
 Spaghetti 154 
 
 Welsh Rarebit 153 
 
 ' Ribbons, To Wash 203 
 
 Roaches, To Exterminate 198 
 
 Roaches, To Kill 204 
 
 ROLLS Ill 
 
 Astor House lii 
 
 Cinnamon ill 
 
 French ill 
 
 Parker House iii 
 
 Rolls Ill 
 
 Round Tank, To Find the Number of 
 
 Gallons in 216 
 
 Rusks, Childken's 118 
 
 Rust 197 
 
 Rust, To Prevent 202 
 
 Rust, To Remove from Plows and 
 
 Other Steel Implements 206 
 
 Rusty Wash Bou-ers, To Clean 206 
 
 S 
 
 SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS 166 
 
 Apple Salad ' 167 
 
 Baked Corn 169 
 
 Banana Salad 166 
 
 Beet Salad 167 
 
 Cabbage Salad Dressing 167 
 
 Cheese Salad Dressing 168 
 
 Cherry Salad 166 
 
 Chicken Salad 168 
 
 Cold Slaw 167 
 
 Cold Slaw Dressing 168 
 
 Corn Salad 166 
 
 Cream Dressing 167, 169 
 
 Dressing for Yellow Pickles 167 
 
 Endive Salad 168 
 
 Fruit Salad 166 
 
 German Potato Salad 168 
 
 Green Bean Salad 168 
 
 Heavenly Hash or Fruit Salad 168 
 
 Macaroni and Tomatoes 169 
 
 Mayonnaise Dressing ..168, 169 
 
 Meat Salad - 168 
 
 Mixed Summer Salad 166 
 
 Mustard Dressing . . 168 
 
 Nut Salad 168 
 
 Potato Salad ,..., 169 
 
 Salad Dressing 167, 169 
 
 SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS 
 — Continued. 
 
 Salmon Dressing 169 
 
 Sardine Salad 167 
 
 Slaw 167 
 
 Sour Potatoes 169 
 
 String Bean Salad 166 
 
 Stuffed Tomato Salad 167 
 
 Sweetbread Salad 167 
 
 Tomato Jelly ; 168 
 
 Waldo Salad 169 
 
 Waldorf Salad with Mayonnaise 
 Dt-essing , 169 
 
 SANDWICHES , 112 
 
 Apple and Celery 112 
 
 Chicken 112 
 
 Club 112 
 
 Egg 113 
 
 French 112 
 
 Ham 112 
 
 Nut 112 
 
 Nut and Cheese 112 
 
 Pimentos 113 
 
 Salmon ....'. 112 
 
 Sweet 112 
 
 SAUCES , 175 
 
 Cream Sauce for Puddings 175 
 
 gg ; • 175 
 
 Hard 175 
 
 Hot Chocolate Sauce for Ice Crenw or 
 
 Pudding 175 
 
 Lemon 175 
 
 Pudding 175 
 
 Scale ? .... 217 
 
 Scorches, To Remove from Cloth ..... 201 
 
 Scorching When Ironing, To PrKvent igg 
 
 Scotch Scones , 118 
 
 Screws, To Loosen 200 
 
 Sealing Wax, To Remove 210 
 
 Sherbets and Ices 178 
 
 Shirts, Silver Polish for 207 
 
 Silver Polish 205 
 
 Silver, To Clean 201 
 
 Silver, To Clean Blackened 200 
 
 Silverware, To' Keep 204 
 
 Silver, To Remove Egg Stains from . . 205 
 
 Slugs 217 
 
 Soap, Hard , 201 
 
 SoaPj'Patent 210 
 
 Soap, Soft 201 
 
 Soot, To Remove zoo 
 
 SOUPS 140 
 
 Asparagus 140 
 
 Bean 140 
 
 Beef Broth 142 
 
 Bisque of Oysters 141 
 
 Bouillon V 142 
 
 Celery 141 
 
 Clam ,., 141 
 
 Cream of Celery 142 
 
 Noodles for Soup 140 
 
 Potato , 140 
 
 Soup Stock 141 
 
 Split Pea , 141 
 
CULINARY INDEX. 
 
 235 
 
 SOUPS— Continjued. 
 
 Tomato 140, 142 
 
 Tomato Bisque 14^ 
 
 Vegetable 141 
 
 White 141 
 
 , Sponge, To Clean a 204 
 
 Sponge, The 106 
 
 Squash Bugs 217 
 
 Stains Caused by Scorching, To Remove 201 
 
 Stains, To Remove from Clothing 199 
 
 Steel Knives, To Keep from Rusting., i^ 
 Stove Polish, Brilliant Self-Shining 210 
 
 Strawberry Worms 212 
 
 Straw Hats, To Clean ' 217 
 
 T 
 
 Table, A Handy 216 
 
 Table of Apothecaries Weight 216 
 
 Table of Avoirdupois Weight 4216 
 
 Table of Fluid Measures 216 
 
 Table of Liquid Measure . , 216 
 
 Table of Troy Weight 216 
 
 Tableware, To Remove Taste of Fish 
 
 from 205 
 
 Tan, To Remove 198 
 
 Tar, To Remove 210 
 
 Tar, Wagon Grease, Mixtures of Fat, 
 Carbon and Acetic Acid, To Remove 212 
 
 Teakettle, The 204 
 
 Tea Stains, To Remove '. 200 
 
 Tight Shoe, A 197 
 
 Time Table for Cooks 218 
 
 Tin Teakettles, To Brighten 205 
 
 Tin, To Mend' 205 
 
 Tinware, To Clean 201 
 
 TOASTS 118 
 
 American 118 
 
 JDry Beef 118 
 
 Good 118 
 
 Tobacco Pipes, To Clean 212 
 
 Turnips, To Keep 208 
 
 V 
 
 Various Recipes of All Kinds 196 
 
 VEGETABLES ' 148 
 
 Baked Corn 148 
 
 Boston Baked Beans 148 
 
 Baked Onions 149 
 
 Carrots with Milk 150 
 
 Cauliflower 148 
 
 Celery on Toast 148 
 
 Corn a la Southern 148 
 
 Corn and Tomatoes 150 
 
 Corn Mock Oysters 151 
 
 Corn Oysters 148 
 
 Corn Pudding 148 
 
 Creamed Potatoes 149 
 
 Egg Plant 149 
 
 Escalloped Corn 150 
 
 Escalloped Onions 149 
 
 Escalloped Potatoes 150 
 
 Escalloped Tomatoes 151 
 
 French Stew iSi 
 
 VEGETABLES— Co»;iM«^rf. 
 
 Fried Egg Plant - 150 
 
 Fried Mushrooms 149 
 
 Fried Tomatoes 151 
 
 Glazed Sweet Potatoes 149 
 
 Potato Croquettes 150 
 
 Potato Puffs 151 
 
 Potato Rolls ISO 
 
 Potato Fluff 149 
 
 Potatoes in Half Shell 150 
 
 Roast Pork and Lima Beans 151 
 
 Roasted Tomatoes 150 
 
 Salsify or Vegetable Oyster 150 
 
 Spinach 149 
 
 Southern Cabbage 148 
 
 Squash Cakes 149 
 
 Stewed Cucumbers 151 
 
 Stewed Onions 150 
 
 Stuffed Potatoes 149 
 
 Tomatoes a la Spanish 150 
 
 Vegetables, To Keep 209 
 
 Vegetables, The Temperature at 
 
 Which they Should be Kept 209 
 
 Velvet, To Clean 207 
 
 Velvet, To Restore 206 
 
 W 
 
 Waffles 1 16 
 
 Wall or Building, How to Find the 
 
 Number of Common Bricks in 216 
 
 Wall Paper Cleaner 196 
 
 Wall Paper, To Clean 205 
 
 Washing Black and White Calicoes.. 203 
 
 Washing Blankets 198 
 
 Washing Fluid 196 
 
 Washing Fluid, Gem 201 
 
 Washing Pink and Green Calicoes . . . 203 
 
 Washing Purple or Blue 203 
 
 WashinS Windows 203 
 
 Water, To Purify ^ . . . 201 
 
 Water, To Soften 206 
 
 Water-proof Paper Covering for Jars — 
 
 Used in Preserving, Etc 2c6 
 
 Weights and Measures 202 
 
 Welding, Blacksmith's Borax for 196 
 
 "WHAT TO DO" AND "HOW TO 
 
 DO IT" 196 
 
 Alpaca, To Clean 206, 207 
 
 Apple Tree Borers 212 
 
 Apple Tree Louse 211 
 
 Apples, To Keep 209 
 
 Army Worm 21 1 
 
 Axle Grease 21 1 
 
 Bark Lice 212 
 
 Barrel or Cask, To Find the Number 
 
 of Gallons in 2x5 
 
 Bed Bugs, To Exterminate 198 
 
 Bin, To Find the Number of Bushels in 211 
 
 Black Ink, Copying or Writing Fluid. 213 
 
 Black Stockings, To Wash .'. 199 
 
 Blacking, Patent 211 
 
 Blood Stains, To Remove 212 
 
 Blue, To Prevent from Fading 207 
 
336 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 "WHAT TO DO" AND I'HOW TO 
 DO IT "—Continued. 
 
 Bluing for Clothes, To Make 210 
 
 Boots, To Dry 198 
 
 Bottles and Cruets, To Clean 204 
 
 Brass or Copper Xettles, To Clean... 206 
 Breath, Smell of Onions to Remove 
 
 from 197 
 
 Burning Lamp Wicks, To Destroy 
 
 Odor of 197 
 
 Butter, To Keep for Winter Use 202 
 
 Cabbage Worms 203 
 
 Cabbages, To Keep 209 
 
 Calicoes, Cambrics and Muslins, To 
 
 Wash 203 
 
 Canker Worms 217 
 
 Carpet Bugs, To Kill 211 
 
 Carpet Cleaner 197 
 
 Carpets, To Clean 196 
 
 Caterpillars 212 
 
 Celery Pest or Little Negro Bug 217 
 
 Celery, To Keep 2cS 
 
 Cellars, To Keep Clean 208 
 
 Cement for Broken China 203 
 
 Cement for China, Marble and Glass- 
 ware 205 
 
 Cement, Diamond 202 
 
 Cement for Glass and Iron 198 
 
 Cement for AH Kinds of Articles, A 
 
 Good 20s 
 
 Cement for Rubber or Leather 202 
 
 Cement for Wood, Ivory, Stone, Porce- 
 lain, Leather, Silk, Woolen or Cotton 202 
 
 Cement for China and Glass 203 
 
 Chromos, To Clean ' 204 
 
 Cinch Bugs 212 
 
 Cistern Water, To Purify 197 
 
 Cloth, To Remove Acid Spots from.. 206 
 Cloth, To Remove Alkali Spots from 207 
 Clothes, Hovir They are Cleaned by 
 
 Those Who Make it a Business 217 
 
 Clothing, To Clean Mud From 197 
 
 Clothing, To Remove Bad Smells from 204 
 Clothing, To Remove Paint from .... 206 
 Coat Collars and Seams and Elbows, 
 To Clean and Remove Gloss from.. 202 
 
 Coffee Pots, Care of 204 
 
 Coffee Stains, To Remove 198, 209 
 
 Colorado Beetle or Potato Bug 212 
 
 Concrete 211 
 
 Cooking Utensils, Treatment of New. . 203 
 
 Corks 205 
 
 Corn Moth 212 
 
 Cranberries, To Keep 208 
 
 Cucumber Beetles 217 
 
 Currant Worms and Rose Slugs, To 
 
 Destroy 203 
 
 Cut Worms _. 217 
 
 Cutlery, To Prevent Rusting of 205 
 
 Dyeing and Coloring 213 
 
 Cotton Goods 213 
 
 Black 213 
 
 Blue 213 
 
 Brown for Cotton, Woolen or Silk 213 
 
 "WHAT TO DO" AND "HOW TO 
 DO IT"— Continued. 
 
 Green 254 
 
 Orange 214 
 
 Red 214 
 
 Sky Blue for Cotton or Silk 213 
 
 Yellow 213 
 
 Silk Goods 215 
 
 Black 21S 
 
 Brown 215 
 
 Crimson 215 
 
 Green 215 
 
 Light Blue 215 
 
 Orange 215 
 
 Sky Blue 215 
 
 Yellow 215 
 
 Woolen Goods 214 
 
 Blue 214 
 
 Brown 214 
 
 Chrome Black 214 
 
 Crimson 214 
 
 Green 214 
 
 Orange 214 
 
 Pink 214 
 
 Scarlet 214 
 
 Yellow 214 
 
 Eggs, To Preserve 197 
 
 Feathers, To Clean 209 
 
 Feathers, To Curl 210 
 
 Feathers, To Restore ^ 209 
 
 Fire Kindler 203, 206 
 
 Flannels, To Wash igg 
 
 Flannels, To Wash and Dry 203 
 
 Fleas, To Drive Away 204 
 
 Flies, To Get Rid of 200 
 
 Flies, To Keep Off Gilt Frames 204 
 
 Fresh Paint, To Remove Smell of 204 
 
 Fruit Jars, To Loosen Covers of .... 203 
 
 Fruit Stains, To Remove 198 
 
 Furniture Dressing , ig6 
 
 Furniture Polish 199 
 
 Furniture Polish, An Excellent 198 
 
 Furs, To Clean Dark 217 
 
 Furs, To Clean Light 217 
 
 Gilt Frames, To Clean 202 
 
 Glass, To Bore Holes in 212 
 
 Glass, To Clean 199 
 
 Glass, To Cut or Break in Any Shape 212 
 
 Glass Decanter, To Clean a 199 
 
 Glass, To Remove Panes of 199 
 
 Glass, Stoppers, To Remove Tight 206 
 
 Gloves, To Clean Kid 199 
 
 Gloves, To Clean Light 199 
 
 Gloves, To Clean Silk and Thread . . . 207 
 
 Glue, Liquid 202, 211 
 
 Gnats 199 
 
 Gold Chains, Etc., To Clean 211 
 
 Grafting Wax 203 
 
 Grain Weevil 212 
 
 Grapes, To Keep 2og 
 
 Grass Stains, To Remove 199 
 
 Grease, To Remove 199 
 
 Grease, To Remove from Floor 199 
 
 Grease, To Remove from Wood Be- 
 
CULINARY INDEX. 
 
 237 
 
 'WHAT TO DO" AND "HOW TO 
 DO IT "—Continued. 
 
 fore Painting 205 
 
 Grease, To Take Out of Woolens. 
 
 Silks, Paper, Floors, Etc. ...... o.... 207 
 
 Greasy Skillets. To Wash .......o,.. 203 
 
 Grubs ...0..0 21^ 
 
 Handy Tables for Cooks » ...» ..<,... . aie 
 
 Butter .............C.0.......00... 2i8 
 
 Flour .00.,.,...., .,00= 3i8 
 
 Sugar 0....0C.....0 2i8 
 
 Hard Water, To Soften ...„„o;.„20E, 204 
 
 Hay, To Measure 2II 
 
 Herbs, To Keep All Kinds of ..o.... 208 
 
 Hessian Fly 212 
 
 Hinges, To Keep from Creaking ..... 204 
 Ink, To Remove from Linen ........ 198 
 
 Ink Spots o 197 
 
 Ink Stains, To Remove Ipg 
 
 Insects Such as Bed Bugs, Moths, Etc., 
 
 To Kill 197 
 
 Interest, A Quick and Easy Way to 
 
 Compute 215 
 
 Iron Rust, To Remove from Clothing 207 
 Iron or Steel, To Polish ............ 206 
 
 Iron Vessels, To Mend 197 
 
 Ironing 199 
 
 Jewelry, To Clean 201 
 
 Kerosene and Grease Spots, To Take 
 
 from Carpets ..................... 204 
 
 Kerosene, To Remove ............... 198 
 
 Kitchen Floors, Tables and Wooden 
 
 Articles, To Clean ................. 204 
 
 Knives, To Clean .................... 206 
 
 Lace Curtains, To Wash ............. 208 
 
 Lace, To Clean Black ............... 207 
 
 Laces, Washing . 208 
 
 Lamp Chimneys and Other Glassware, 
 
 To Temper 203 
 
 Lamp Chimneys, To Clean ..... 198, 199 
 
 Lemons, To Keep , 208 
 
 Lightning Cream for Clothes or Paint 205 
 Linen Collars and Cuffs, To Stiffen.. 206 
 
 Linen Stains, To Remove 201 
 
 Linoleum or Oil Cloth, To Clean 197 
 
 Machine Oil, To Take Out 206 
 
 Magic Annihilator 210 
 
 Magic Furniture Polish 203 
 
 Mice, To Keep Away 200 
 
 Mildew, To Remove 201 
 
 Miscellaneous Weights 216 
 
 Mosquitoes and Flies 201 
 
 Mosquitoes and Flies, To Prevent 
 
 Bites from 200 
 
 Moths 200 
 
 Muslin, To Bleach 208 
 
 Muslins, To Wash Delicate Colored.. 207 
 
 Mucilage 209 
 
 Neckties and Other Goods that Fade, 
 
 To Wash 207 
 
 Oil Ooth, To Clean and Keep Nice. . . 197 
 
 Onion Maggots 217 
 
 Onions, To Keep 209 
 
 "WHAT TO DO" AND «HOW TO 
 DO IT "—Continued. 
 Pails and Tubs, To Keep from Shrink- 
 
 , ing 204 
 
 Paint Spots, To Remove from Win- 
 dows 203 
 
 Paint Stains, To Remove from Cotton 
 
 and Wool 197 
 
 Paint and Varnish, To Remove Old. . 199 
 
 Painted Surfaces, To Wash 200 
 
 Parsley, To Keep Green and Fresh... 208 
 
 Parsnips and Salsify, To Keep 208 
 
 Patent Leather, To Polish 199 
 
 Peas, To Keep for Winter Use 209 
 
 Piano Polish 200 
 
 Plant Lice 217 
 
 Plates, Cleaning Before Washing 197 
 
 Potatoes, To Keep 209 
 
 Rancid Butter, To Sweeten 211 
 
 Rats, To Drive Away 20a 
 
 Rats, To Drive Away Without Killing 200 
 
 Red Ants, A Preventive for 200 
 
 Red Ants, To Drive Away 204, 203 
 
 Red Table Linen, To Wash 207 
 
 Ribbons, To Wash 203 
 
 Roaches, To Exterminate I^ 
 
 Roaches, To Kill 204 
 
 Round Tank, To Find the Number of 
 
 Gallons in 216 
 
 Rust 197 
 
 Rust, To Prevent 202 
 
 Rust, To Remove from Plows and 
 
 Other Steel Implements 206 
 
 Rusty Wash Boilers, To Clean 206 
 
 Scale 217 
 
 Scorches, To Remove from Cloth .... 201 
 Scorching When Ironing, To Prevent igg 
 
 Screws, To Loosen 200 
 
 Sealing Wax, To Remove 210 
 
 Shirts, Silver Polish for 207 
 
 Silver Polish 205 
 
 Silver, To Clean 201 
 
 Silver, To Clean Blackened 200 
 
 Silverware, To Keep 204 
 
 Silverware, To Remove Egg Stains 
 
 from 205 
 
 Slugs 217 
 
 Soap, Hard 201 
 
 Soap, Patent 210 
 
 Soap, Soft 201 
 
 Soot, To Remove 200 
 
 Sponge, To Clean a 204 
 
 Squash Bugs 217 
 
 Stains Caused by Scorching, To Re- 
 move 201 
 
 Stains, To Remove from Clothing .... 199 
 Steel Knives, To Keep from Rusting 198 
 Stove Polish, Brilliant Self-Shining. . 2io 
 
 Strawberry Worms 212 
 
 Straw Hats, To Clean 217 
 
 Table, A Handy 216 
 
 Table of Apothecaries Weight 216 
 
 Table of Avoirdupois Weight 216 
 
 Table of Fluid Measures 216 
 
238 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME RECIPE BOOK. 
 
 "WHAT TO DO" AND "HOW TO 
 DO IT"— Continued. 
 
 Table of Liquid Measure 216 
 
 Table of Troy Weight 216 
 
 Tableware, To Remove Taste of Fish 
 
 from 20s 
 
 Tan, To Remove '. 198 
 
 Tar, To Remove 210 
 
 Tar, Wagon Grease, Mixtures of Fat, 
 
 Carbon and Acetic Acid, To Remove 212 
 
 Teakettle, The 204 
 
 Tea Stains, To Remove 200 
 
 Tight Shoe, A 197 
 
 Time Table for Cooks 218 
 
 Tin Teakettles, To Brighten 205 
 
 Tin, To Mend 205 
 
 Tinware, To Clean .' 201 
 
 Tobacco Pipes, To Clean 212 
 
 Turnips, To Keep 208 
 
 "Vegetables, To Keep ,. . . 209 
 
 Vegetables, The Temperature at Which 
 
 They Should be Kept 209 
 
 Velvet, To Clean 207 
 
 Velvet, To Restore 206 
 
 Wall or Building, How to Find the 
 
 Number of Common Bricks iii 216 
 
 Wall Paper Qeaner ig6 
 
 Wall Paper, To Clean 205 
 
 Washing Black and White Calicoes . . . 203 
 
 Washing Blankets i^ 
 
 Washing Fluid 196 
 
 Washing Fluid, Gem 201 
 
 Washing Pink and Green Calicoes . . . 203 
 
 Washing Purple or Blue 203 
 
 Washing Windows 203 
 
 Water, To Purify 201 
 
 Water, To Soften 206 
 
 Water-proof Paper Covering for Jars, 
 
 Used in Preserving, Etc 206 
 
 Weights and Measures 202 
 
 "WHAT TO DO" AND "HOW TO 
 DO IT"— Continued. 
 
 Welding, Blacksmith's Borax for 196 
 
 Whitewash for Cellars 208 
 
 Whitewash, Hard 204 
 
 White Zypher, To Clean 206 
 
 Window Frames, To Remove Dry 
 
 Putty from 204 
 
 Window Panes, To Frost 200 
 
 Windows, Icy 204 
 
 Wire Tableware, Care of 205 
 
 Wood, to Petrify 212 
 
 Woolen and Silk Goods, To Clean. . . . 207 
 Woolen Goods, To Remove Grease 
 
 from 198 
 
 Woolens, To Dry Without Shrinking 200 
 
 Wrinkles, To Remove 198 
 
 Whitewash for Cellars 208 
 
 Whitewash, Hard 204 
 
 White Zephyr, To Clean 206 
 
 Window Frames, To Remove the Putty 
 
 FROM 204 
 
 Window Panes, To Frost 200 
 
 Windows, Icy 204 
 
 Wire Tableware, Care of 205 
 
 Wood, To Petrify , 212 
 
 Woolen and Silk Dress Goods, To 
 
 Clean 207 
 
 Woolen Goods, To Remove Grease from 198 
 Woolens, To Dry Without Shrinking 200 
 Wrinkles, To Remove 198 
 
 Y 
 
 Yeast •■ ••• io6 
 
 YEAST, RECIPES FOR MAKINg! ." .' '. 10& 
 
 Beer loP 
 
 Hop 108 
 
 Potato 108 
 
 Starter 108 
 
^2^2^/v 
 
BOOK Hi 
 
 or THE 
 PEOPLE'S 
 HOME 
 LIBRARY 
 
 BY 
 
 W.C.rAIRVS. 
 
 VETERINARY EDITOR OF B0Ttl"TI1E OHIO 
 rARMER"AND"TriE MICHIGAN FARMER? 
 FORMERLY PRESIDENT OF BOTH THE 
 CLEVELAND and jHE OHIO STATE 
 VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS. 
 CONSULTING VETERINARIAN OF THE 
 CLEVELAND HUMANE SOCIETY FOR THIRTY 
 YEARS. PRESIDENT OFTHE50CIETY FOR THE 
 PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS. 
 
 CLEVELAN D.OHIO. 
 
 Published by 
 
 THE R. C. BARNUM CO. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio — Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 IMPERIAL PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 TORONTO, CANADA 
 
 1917 
 
Copyrighted iqio, 
 
 BY 
 
 R. C. BARNUM. 
 All Rights Reserved. 
 
AUTHOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 Having been Veterinary Editor of the " Ohio Farmer " for about thirty 
 years and of the " Michigan Farmer " for nearly fifteen years, I have prob- 
 ably had more correspondence with Farmers and Stock Owners pertaining 
 to the ailments, feeding, and breeding of live stock than has any other 
 Veterinarian in the country. During these many years of connection with 
 these Standard Farm Journals I have answered over a quarter of a million 
 Inquiries concerning the diseases and care of domestic animals. Many of 
 these questions have been concerning things either improperly treated or not 
 treated at all in the stock books in use among the farmers. Thus, I believe 
 I am in a position to know just what the farmer and stockman need and 
 my years of experience have perhaps fitted me for treating these subjects 
 in a way easily understood by every person in the country. 
 
 Many of the stock books in common use have been written by college 
 professors or retired veterinarians who perhaps had a great deal of scieintific 
 knowledge but were lacking in actual experience and consequently most 
 of their books have been written in language not easily understood by the 
 average person. I have long seen the need of a practical book of this kind 
 and have tried to make this work thoroughly scientific and yet so simple and 
 practical that it can be used by every stock owner in the land. 
 
 This work has been written at my Veterinary Hospital at Cleveland 
 while actively engaged in my extensive practice. Though it has been with 
 difficulty that I have found time for the work, yet after several years of dili- 
 gent work and research I have finally succeeded in completing my task 
 and believe that the book will be found all the more practical for having 
 been written while thus actively engaged in my practice. The merits of 
 every remedy prescribed in this book I have thoroughly tested and tried 
 in my practice and at my hospital and having been President of both the 
 Cleveland and the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Associations I have been 
 enabled to learn how these remedies effected cures in the hands of the Vet- 
 erinary Profession in general. Also, having been Consulting Veterinarian 
 for The Cleveland Humane Society for thirty years and for some time Presi- 
 dent of The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, I have been 
 afforded an excellent opportunity to study sick and disabled animals. Many 
 of the illustrations found in this work are actual photographs taken from 
 life of cases that have been brought to my Veterinary Hospital for treat- 
 ment and care and among these cases have been some of the most celebrated 
 horses in the world. These illustrations have been procured at Lhe cost 
 of much time and money and I believe they will be found of great value in 
 determining the diseases of stock. A horse can not tell you what the trouble 
 is, but these pictures will aid you in locating the ailment. 
 
 Though I have given what I considered the best and simplest remedies, 
 yet in many instances I have seen fit to add to my own treatment of the 
 disease various "People's Home Remedies" which have been gathered 
 from practical fanners and stock owners of many different states. These 
 
ii PREFACE. 
 
 are practical and reliable remedies that have been in use for years among 
 successful stockmen and many of them I use and prescribe in my own 
 practice. 
 
 Though the purchaser may have other stock bqoks in the home, I 
 believe this work will be found worth many times the price paid for it, as 
 it is really in answer to the quarter of a million inquiries sent me during 
 the last thirty years by both the farmers and veterinarians of the United 
 States and Canada and consequently contains much practical information not 
 found in other books in general use among stockmen. 
 
 It was my original plan to keep everything of a " personal " nature out 
 of the book, but the publishers have convinced me that the public desire to 
 know something of the author and his " practical experience " and for 
 this reason I have occasionally cited personal experiences where I thought 
 the purpose would be better served or the point made clearer. It has been 
 my aim to make this book full and complete for practical use and yet I 
 have endeavored to condense it as much as possible by giving in one line 
 the information that one so often has to search through many pages to dis- 
 cover. I trust that it will be found complete and reliable and yet simple 
 and practical. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Author's Preface « 1 
 
 THE HORSE » 1 
 
 Conformation and Good Points, Also Defects and Blemishes 1 
 
 Breaking, Training and Handling Horses ^^ 3 
 
 Diseases of the Digestive Organs • 35 
 
 Diseases of the Respiratory or Breathing Organs 85 
 
 Diseases of the Urinary Organs .,....» 43 
 
 Diseases of the Generative Organs of Both the Horse and Mare 47 
 
 Diseases of the Skin 55 
 
 Diseases and Injuries of the Eye and Ear 61 
 
 Diseases of the Nervous System 64 
 
 Lameness 11 
 
 Wounds ; 84 
 
 Diseases of the Fetlock, Ankle and Foot 91 
 
 Various Diseases 101 
 
 CATTLE 113 
 
 Anatomy of Cattle, Etc 112 
 
 Diseases of the Digestive Organs 116 
 
 Diseases of the Respiratory or Breathing Organs 133 
 
 Diseases of the Urinary Organs 138 
 
 Diseases of the Generative Organs 140 
 
 Diseases of the Skin 155 
 
 Diseases of the Eye and Ear 161 
 
 Contagious Diseases 164 
 
 Various Diseases 170 
 
 SHEEP 181 
 
 Diseases of the Digestive Organs 181 
 
 Diseases of the Respiratory or Breathing Organs 187 
 
 Diseases of the Generative Orgahs 190 
 
 Various Diseases 193 
 
 HOGS 198 
 
 Diseases of the Digestive Organs 198 
 
 Diseases of the Respiratory or Breathing Organs 209 
 
 Diseases of the Skin 213 
 
 Diseases of the Generative Organs 217 
 
 Various Diseases 219 
 
 POULTRY 224 
 
 HOUSEHOLD PETS 236 
 
 Dogs 236 
 
 Cats 241 
 
 Useful Stable Drugs 246 
 
 Fifty Modern Prescriptions 251 
 
 Stock Foods, Condition Powders and Poultry Food's 256 
 
 Useful Instruments and Tools 258 
 
 Breeding and Feeding Live Stock for Profit 261 
 
 Tricks of Horse Traders 267 
 
 Glossary 270 
 
 Supplement 292 
 
 Index 295 
 
 ili 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Portrait of W. C. Fair, V. S Frontispiece 
 
 Home- of the " Ohio Farmer " Following v 
 
 Home of the " Michigan Farmer " Following v 
 
 The Hoss , Following v 
 
 Points of the Horse Following i6 
 
 The Horse in Slings Following ' v 
 
 Comportabe Quarters for Sick Animals Following v 
 
 Circulatory Apparatus of the Horse Following i6 
 
 Dr. Fair Giving a Horse Medicine with a Syringe Following v 
 
 Digestive Apparatus of the Horse Following i6 
 
 Dr, Fair Tapping a Horse for Bloat or Flatulent Colic Following i6 
 
 First Stages of Spasmodic Colic Following 80 
 
 Severe Spasmodic Colic Following 80 
 
 Ceredro-Spinal Meningitis Following 80 
 
 Infammation of the Bowels Following 80 
 
 Purpura Hemorrhagica Following 80 
 
 Tetanus or Lockjaw Following 80 
 
 Horse Backed in Stall Ready for Operation Following 16 
 
 Horse in Simply Constructed Stocks Ready for Operation Following 16 
 
 Various ' Intestinal Worms Following 16 
 
 BoTS IN Horse's Stomach and Intestine Following 16 
 
 Respiratory Apparatus of the Horse Opposite 35 
 
 Pneumonia or Lung Fever Opposite 43 
 
 Azoturia Opposite 45 
 
 POSITIONS OF FOAL AT BIRTH Opposite 47 
 
 Vertebro-Sacral Presentation Opposite 47 
 
 Lumbo-Sacral Presentation Opposite 47 
 
 Casting a Horse Opposite 52 
 
 Restraining a Vicious Horse While Clipping Opposite^ 33 
 
 Nervous System of the Horse Opposite 64 
 
 Foot Lameness Following 80 
 
 Grease Heel , Following 80 
 
 Shoulder Lameness .Following 80 
 
 Bruised Knee Following 80 
 
 Acute Farcy or Glanders Following 80 
 
 Water Farcy or Lymphangitis Following 80 
 
 Open JoiNt Following 80 
 
 Muscles and Tendons of the Horse Following 16 
 
 Skeleton of the Horse Following 16 
 
 Spavin • Opposite 77 
 
 Splint . '. i Opposite 77 
 
 Ring-Bon'e Opposite 77 
 
 Capped Hock Foflowing 80 
 
 Bog Spavin Following 80 
 
 Curb Following 80 
 
 Bone Spavin Following 80 
 
 Splint Following 80 
 
 Bowed Tendons Following 80 
 
 Side Bone Following 80 
 
 Line Firing Followjijg 80 
 
 Ring-Bone Following 80 
 
 Fracture of the Femur Following 80 
 
 Inflammation of the Kidneys Following 80 
 
 Sprain of the Patella Ligaments Following 80 
 
 Dislocation of the Patella^Stifled Following 80 
 
 Coi.D Ascess, Sitfast, Bog Spavin and Thoroughpin Following ^ 
 
 Inflammation of the Bladder Following 80 
 
 Knee-Sprunc! Fol owing 80 
 
 Wind Puffs or Bursal Enlargements Following 00 
 
 Distemper or Regular Strangles Following »> 
 
 iv 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS— Cw^wwd. K 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Poix-EviL Following 80 
 
 FiSTiJLOus Withers Following 80 
 
 Bio Head — Osteo Poposis Following 80 
 
 Weaknesss or Ligaments ot Lower Joints Following 80 
 
 A Typical Foundered Foot Following " 80 
 
 Section of the Hoof and Pastern : Opposite 91 
 
 Irregular Strangles Following 80 
 
 Congestion of Lungs Following 80 
 
 Effects of Sunstroke Following 80 
 
 Acute Laminitis (Foundered) Following 80 
 
 Azoturia Following 80 
 
 Impaction of Large Bowel Following 80 
 
 Elephantiasis Following 80 
 
 Nasal Gleet and Manner of Poulticing Lungs in Lung Troubles Following lo 
 
 Dr. Fair Drenching an Unruly Cow Following 144 
 
 Dr. Fair Tapping a Cow for Hoven or Bloat Following 144 
 
 Skeleton of the Cow ■. . .Following 144 
 
 Stomach of the Cow Following 144 
 
 Texas Fever Following 144 
 
 Inflammation of the Womb (Metritis) Following 144 
 
 MiLi? Fever or Parturient Apoplexy Following 144 
 
 Parturient Peritonitis Following 144 
 
 Impaction of the Manyplies Following 144 
 
 Lump- Jaw Following 144 
 
 A Simple Way to Throw a Cow FoUowinx 144 
 
 Dr. Fair Giving Medicine to a Sheep C^posite 181 
 
 Sheep Scab Opposite 198 
 
 Lamb with Stomach Worms Opposite 198 
 
 Rickets in Pigs Opposite 198 
 
 Hog Cholera , Opposite 198 
 
 How to Give Medicine to a Hoc Opposite 217 
 
 Spaying a Sow Opposite 217 
 
 Roup Following 224 
 
 Scabies Following 224 
 
 Gapes Following 224 
 
 Gape Worms in Windpipe Following 224 
 
 Cholera : Following 224 
 
 Scaly Leg Following 224 
 
 " A " Coop Following 224 
 
 Portable Colony Houses ,. Following 224 
 
 Open Front Poultry House '. Following 224 
 
 Plans for Open Front Poultry House Following 224 
 
 Plans for " A " Coop Following 224 
 
 Plans for Portable Colony House Following 224 
 
 Dr. Fair Caponizino a Rooster Following 224 
 
 John D. Rockefeller's Great Dane Watch Dog Followihg 144 
 
 Dr. Fair's Imported Scotch Collie Following 144 
 
 Where the Pets are Treated akd Cared for Following v 
 
 A Corner in the Dog Hospital Following v 
 
 A Corner in the Cat Hospital Following v 
 
 Feeding Time for the Pets Following v 
 
 A Corner in Dr. Fair's Drug Shop Following v 
 
 The Twentieth Century Way of Making Veterinary Calls Following v 
 
 Useful Instruments and Tools for the Stock Farm (31 Illustrations) Opposjte 258 ' 
 
 Useful Veterinary Surgical Instruments (35 Illustrations) Opposite 259 
 
 The Canadian Stock Farm Where Dr. Fair Spent His Boyhood Days FoUowfng 144 
 
 Dr. Fair's " Mentor Stock Farm " Following 144 
 
 A Barnyard Scene Following 144 
 
 Dr. Fair's Boyhood Home in Canada Following v 
 
 Dr. Fair's Euclid Avenue Home in Cleveland, Ohio Following v 
 
 Dr. Fair Dictating Letters to Stock Owners Following v 
 
 AnswerincS Correspondence Following y 
 
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(Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
 THE HOSS. 
 
 Love the Hoss from hoof to head, 
 From head to hoof and tail to mane. 
 I love the Hoss, as I have said, 
 From bead to hoof and back again. 
 
 I love my God the fust of all, 
 Then him that perished on the Cross; 
 And next my wife and then I fall 
 Down on my knees and love the Hoss. 
 — James Whitcomb Riley, 
 
S 1^ 
 
 
ILLUSTRATING THE CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF SICK AND INJURED 
 
 ANIMALS. 
 
 THE HORSE IN SLINGS. 
 Good slings may be made with an old harness, a piece of heavy canvas and two 
 singletrees. 
 
 COMFORTABLE QUAKTLRS FOR SICK ANIMALS. 
 This is a corner of Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital. Note the high ceiling, giving 
 ample air space and ventilation. Also note sanitary conditions and well lighted 
 stables. A box stall is to the left. Sick and injured animals should be made as com- 
 fortable as possible. 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
DR. FAIR'S BOYHOOD HOME IN CANADA. 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
 DR. FAIR'S EUCLID AVENUE HOME IN CLEVELAND, OHIO. 
 (Photographed especially for this book) 
 
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DR. FAIR DICTATING LETTERS TO STOCK OWNERS. 
 Four times a day the mail brings numerous inquiries from all parts of the United 
 States and Canada pertaining to the ailments of live stock. Many of these letters 
 are from readers of this book and subscribers to "The Ohio Farmer" and "The Michi- 
 gan Farmer." It is not unusual for Dr. Fair to receive fifty or one hundred letters of 
 this kind daily. 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's office especially for this book.) 
 
 ANSWERING CORRESPONDENCE. 
 Lady Stenographers in Dr. Fair's office busy typewriting letters that the Doctor 
 has dictated in answer to inquiries from farmers and stock owners from all parts 
 of the country. Also, one of his assistants answering telephone calls. 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's office especially for this book.) 
 
THE HORSE. 
 
 CONFORMATION AND GOOD POINTS, ALSO DEFECTS AND 
 
 BLEMISHES. 
 
 CONFORMATION AND GOOD POINTS. 
 
 The head should not be too large but with considerable width between 
 the eyes. The eye should show but little white, have a mild expression and 
 be clear and well developed. The face should be lean ; the nostrils large and 
 somewhat open and the muzzle should not be too large but there should 
 be considerable width between the angles of the lower jaw. The ears should 
 be carried erect and be of moderate size. The neck should be long, narrow, 
 arched and moderately deep. The shoulders should be well developed and 
 considerably wider than the neck. The elbows should not turn in and the 
 arm should be long and quite muscular. The knee should be broad in front. 
 tapering back, but straight, for if too far back it resembles a cow's leg and 
 if too far forward the horse is knee sprung. The shin bone should be flat 
 and wide from front to back ; the fetlock should be large and the fetlocks 
 should stand at an angle with the floor of about 45 or 50 degrees. The foot 
 should not be too small and should be shaped like a bell. " The fore part of 
 the shoulder should afford a comfortable resting placie for the collar and the 
 withers should be strong, well developed, and not too round. The breast 
 should be full and wide; the chest should be large; the body should not be 
 too slender; the back should not be too long or too low (sway back) and 
 the loin should be well developed. The last rib should come well back. 
 The hips should be wide, muscular, and not drooped too much. The tail 
 should be wide at dock, tapering, and muscular; it should also be carried 
 away from the body. The hind quarters should come close together, espe- 
 cially around the anus. The quarters stiould be thick and muscular and the 
 thigh heavy and tapering downward. The hock should be broad, clean and 
 flat; a short, flat shin bone is preferable; the fetlock should be strong and 
 not set too far forward; the pastern should be of medium length and the 
 foot not too small. 
 
 DEFECTS AND BLEMISHES 
 Defects and blemishes are the result of either predisposing (hereditary) 
 or exciting causes, showing on the external parts of the body. For con- 
 venience they may be classified as diseases of the bones, synovial mem- 
 branes, muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin and also diseases of the foot. 
 
 Diseases of the Bones. 
 Ring-bone. — Location : Between hoof and fetlock joint. 
 Bone Spavin. — Location : Lower, inner and fore part of hock joint. 
 Splints — Location : On the shin, generally high up on inside. 
 Sulebones. — Location: Always on back part of coronet. 
 
 3—1 
 
3 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Diseases of S3movial Membranes. 
 
 Synovitis. — Location : In the joints or sheaths of tendons. • 
 
 Bog Spavin. — Location : Fore part of hock joint. 
 
 Wind Puffs or Windgalls. — Location: On upper and outer part of fet- 
 lock joint. ' 
 
 Bursal Enlargements. — Location : In various parts of the limbs where 
 the tendons run. 
 
 Thoroughpin. — Location : On the outer and inner part of hock joint 
 
 Diseases of the Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments and Skin. 
 
 Break-down,^Location : Between shin bone and back tendons. 
 
 Bowed Tendons. — Location : Back part of leg between fetlock and knc.*. 
 
 Curb. — Location: On the lower and back part of hock. 
 
 Capped Hock. — Location : On the upper and back part of hock. 
 
 Capped Elbow or Elbow Tumor (Shoe boil). — Location: On the back 
 part of elbow joint. 
 
 Broken Knee. — Location : Fore part of knee joint. 
 
 Sprung Knees. — Location : Knees ; the tilting forward of knee joint. 
 
 Cocked Ankles. — Location : Fetlocks ; the tilting forward of fetlock joints. 
 
 Collar Galls. — Location: The collar-bearing surface of shoulder. 
 
 Saddle Galls. — Location : On back where saddle rests. 
 
 Cinch Galls. — Location: Under saddle girth. 
 
 Fistula. — Location : Upper part of withers. 
 
 Poll-evil. — Location : Upper part of neck and back part of head. 
 
 Sweeny. — Location : Generally shoulder, hip or leg. 
 
 Warts.^-rLocation : Generally about the head, neck and udder. 
 
 Canker. — Location: Mouth, ears and heels. 
 
 Sprains. — Location : Shoulder, back, hip, stifle, hock, ligaments of joints, 
 tendons of leg and foot (coffin joint). 
 
 Diseases of the Foot. 
 
 Navicular Disease. — Location : Coffin joint, within foot. 
 
 Founder or Chronic Laminitis. — Location: Sensitive laminae of feet. 
 
 Quarter Crack. — Location : Back and outside part of hoof. 
 
 Toe Cracks. — Location: Central and fore part of hoof. 
 
 Thrush. — Location: Between the insensitive and sensitive frog. 
 
 Corns. — Location : In the extreme back and lower part of sole. 
 
 Quittor. — Location : Usually in the upper part of coronet, well back. 
 
 Seedy Toe. — Location : Fore part of hoof and toe. 
 
 Contracted Heels. — Location : Heels. 
 
BREAKING, TRAINING AND HAN- 
 DLING HORSES. 
 
 (Including Their Feeding and Care.) 
 
 BREAKING AND TRAINING.— The most successful horse breakers 
 and trainers are level-headed, good-natured and thoughtful men and they 
 make a study of every particular colt or horse that comes under their care 
 for instruction. They believe in subduing the animal by kindness rather than 
 by force ; they also know that it is important to teach certain lessons first, also 
 to get on good terms with the animal. 
 
 THE FIRST LESSON. — In order that the work may be accomplished 
 easily a colt should be halter broke when it is a few days old, or not allowed 
 to go longer than two or three weeks. Put a halter on the colt and lead the 
 mare and the colt with her. Lead the colt short distances to and from the 
 mare and also in a circle within her view. Teach him the word to stop and 
 start, lift up his feet, open his mouth, avoid frightening him, don't use the 
 whip as it is unnecessary. Handle him often enough so that he will not forget 
 his lessons or acquaintance with you. When halter breaking him teach him 
 to stand tied and be sure to use a halter that he cannot break, for if he learns 
 the habit of breaking loose he soon becomes a halter puller. It is not a bad 
 plan to tie the halter strap to the collar of his mother's harness ; this teaches 
 him to walk with her and also to start and to stop when the words are spoken 
 to her. The older and stronger a colt is when you attempt to halter break 
 him, the more force must be used ; besides, it takes more time and he is more 
 likely to get hurt. 
 
 BITTING A COLT. — This is one of the most important parts of his edu- 
 cation, for if he is bitted properly he will drive kindly all his life ; therefore, ' 
 plenty of time should be given to this part of his education. A bridle with 
 a smooth bar or snaffle bit should be placed in his mouth, not too high up, 
 and should be left on him several hours a day before he is reined up. As soon 
 as he does not fight the bit it will do to drive him with a harness and teach 
 him to be guided with the lines. After he has become accustomed to this 
 sort of work hitch him to a break cart and be sure to put on a kicking strap. 
 The harness and cart should be strong enough so that it will not break if he 
 plunges or stumbles or attempts to run away. • A hopple on one foot with a 
 rope attached to it, held in the hand of an assistant, will prevent his running 
 away. The length of time it takes to teach him to drive kindly in harness 
 depends very much upon how thorough his former training has been, but 
 if he is nicely bitted and obeys the word it will not take more than a few days ; 
 however, the colt should be driven slowly several miles every day Until he is 
 thoroughly broken. It is always a mistake to commence the education of a 
 colt and then not continue it daily until completed. 
 
 HOW TO SADDLE BREAK A COLT.— First of all, let him wear 
 either a saddle or a dummy with a bitting rig, then he becomes accustomed 
 to something on his back. If necessary dress up a dummy man or woman, 
 put it on his back and lead him around for a few days until he becomes accus- 
 
4 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 tomed to the sight of a person on his back ; then, when he becomes quiet and 
 appears to pay no attention to the dummy, a light person can safely ride him. 
 Many colts are frightened when a person attempts to mount them ; this is for 
 want of proper lessons in the stall where they should all be given to under- 
 stand they are not going to be hurt. Another mistake that is frequently 
 made when teaching a colt to ride is the rider's using spurs instead of the 
 words or a gentle tap with the whip. When first mounting a colt outdoors, 
 have him hitched to a post and get off and on frequently until he understands 
 that he should stand still until you are safely seated. 
 
 EDUCATING HORSES. — When we consider what remarkable mem- 
 ories horses possess and what respect they have for man if treated kindly by 
 him, we should not feel discouraged at the simple task of teaching horses to 
 stand without hitching, stop and start when they are told, quicken and slow 
 thdr gait at the word, go to the right or left when asked and to back 
 when told, without the use of reins. During my younger days when on a 
 stock farm in Canada I broke steers to drive and work and also colts, and 
 since then have owned a great many thousand horses and have used several 
 different ones almost every day of my life. Nearly all of them have a differ- 
 ent disposition but by kindness I have managed to control them by word. An 
 animal should be talked to but not foolishly. Say to them what you want 
 them to do, show them how, then it is only a question of a sufficient number 
 of lessons when they will do what they are told. I have owned horses that 
 could be driven with perfect safety through the streets of a city without 
 bridle, bit or reins; they were under control and had never been misused or 
 abused. I know hundreds of teamsters that are on good terms with their 
 horses all the time and it seems a pleasure for their horses to obey their 
 commands. I had the pleasure of stabling at my hospital the wonderful, 
 educated horse " Jim Key." During the two weeks that the horse was under 
 my care I was afforded a splendid opportunity to study and test his intelli- 
 gence. Dr. Key, who raised and educated him, told me that it required some 
 five or six years to teach him what he knew; it was all done by kindness 
 and patience. The doctor built on his farm in Tennessee a large school 
 room and allowed no one else to even feed or attempt to instruct the horse. 
 In educating animals the teacher must be thoughtful, intelligent and kind or 
 he will prove a failure in this line of work. 
 
 HOW TO SUBDUE VICIOUS HORSES.— The different professional 
 horse trainers and tamers who were the most successful in handling vicious 
 horses did so by firmness and kindness, but usually they did it by different 
 methods of restraint, such as using bits and roping them and casting them 
 frequently until the animal became subdued, then the trainer resorted to 
 strategy and kindness. Nearly all the readers of this book must have heard 
 of the Rarey and Gleason methods of restraint and education of vicious and 
 tricky horses. They applied a bridle that would stay on, used different kinds 
 of bits for different animals and had a very simple method of throwing them, 
 but their plan was to keep right at an animal until the brute weakehed and 
 surrendered to them, then they took him step by step until the animal under- 
 stood that the trainer was not going to hurt him, and I might say right here 
 that a timid, cowardly person is wholly unfit to handle and subdue vicious, 
 willful horses. In handling a vicious horse the trainer must possess marked 
 intuitiveness and be able to interpret the thoughts of the horse. Further, he 
 must use methods of control which protect himself against injury. If the 
 
HORSE— BREAKING, TRAINING AND HANDLING. 5 
 
 horse has not first been subdued and is well under control he should be 
 hitched to a cart that he cannot easily break. Just think how many years 
 Rarey, Gleason and others were engaged in this piost hazardous business and 
 they were seldom hurt. If handling a colt that is not halter broke, put him 
 in a. small enclosure, bridle him, move him from side to side and around the 
 stall or pen, then throw him down; some time later let him up. This soon 
 quiets the colt's fears and he learns quickly that he is not going to be hurt. 
 Handle him when down, not forgetting to fuss with his head and legs. Let 
 him see a harness and saddle, then move it over his body and legs and con- 
 tinue at this until he becomes familiar with the sight and feeling of the 
 harness. It must be understood when handling vicious horses or breaking 
 colts to lead, drive and ride that they should be given several .lessons a day 
 and kept at it until they drive kindly. TSIow, in taming some ugly colts and 
 horses it is well to strap up one forefoot and make them stand for a time 
 on three legs or hopple the forelegs together above the knee or use trotting 
 or pacing hopples to prevent their striking, kicking or running away. It is 
 also no bad plan to buckle a strap around the pastern or one forefoot, hitch 
 a rope or strap to it and pass it through a ring fastened to the surcingle or 
 belly girth and then if he attempts to run away you can bring him to grief 
 at once by pulling up on one forefoot and making him stand on three legs. 
 Many a vicious colt has been subdued by making him stand for hours during 
 the day with one foot up but of course letting it down occasionall)-. A stub- 
 born or sulky disposittoned horse is very often benefited by a few good 
 lashes with a whip that stings, this should be done more with a view of caus- 
 ing pain. However, as I have said before, a whip, if used at all, should be 
 handled by a level headed person for I find that many horses are ruined in 
 disposition and their value depreciated by the reckless use of whips. There 
 should always be the right sort of an understanding between horse and 
 driver and when tlfis exists the work goes on nicely without balking and 
 sulking. A stubbern, sulky horse, when he refuses to pull or to go when told 
 should have his attention called away from his load; this is accomplished in 
 various ways ; sometimes a handful of food, a loud noise, a drink of water, a 
 handful of sand placed in the mouth or a little water dropped in the ears will 
 produce the desired results. Remember, you cannot pound brains into a horse. 
 CASTING. — In performing painful surgical operations it is sometimes 
 necessary to cast the horse. This can be done in a great many different ways 
 and it makes little diflference which method is employed when throwing 
 young colts or horses, but old horses should be cast with caution for fear of 
 fracturing their backs. It always makes a difference which method is to be 
 used according to what sort of an operation is to be performed. For castra- 
 tion the side-line is the least expensive and most convenient method. This 
 consists in using a long piece of rope with a loop in the center which is used 
 for a collar, passing the two ends down between the forelegs and either 
 round the back part of the pastern or through the eye of a hopple, then pass- 
 ing it on the outside of body through the loop. Assistants should be at the 
 head of the animal and one or two pulling on each rope soon puts the colt 
 down, then he is tied by one-half hitches over both hind and forefeet. Another 
 common method is' hoppling, which consists in placing one hopple round each 
 pastern then commencing at one fore quarter, passing the rope through hop- 
 ple eye of each hopple, then pulling the forefeet together until the horse 
 falls. An assistant should be stationed at the head. Another simple method 
 
6 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 is tying up one forefoot, passing a strap around pastern of opposite forefoot, 
 then pulling up the foot. The horse, dropping on his knees, soon gets tired 
 of this position and lies down. When on his knees, the halter strap should 
 be passed along the opposite side of the neck over the shoulder and pulled 
 firmly until the nose is pulled around on neck or shoulder and if held in this 
 position for a short time he is inclined to roll over toward you. This is 
 a one-man method employed by Mr. Magnen The Rarey method differs by 
 pulling up the opposite hind foot as well as the opposite forefoot and when 
 this is done it is convenient to use a surcingle with ring to pull straps 
 through. There are many other methods which are equally simple and about 
 as effectual. However, space will not permit o£ my mentioning more. 
 
 KICKING IN HARNESS.— This is a habit or vice that is usually the 
 result of poor horsemanship, improper breaking of colts or allowing horses 
 to remain idle 'so long that they become playful and foolish, Commencing the 
 habit and apparently forgetting to discontinue it. I can safely say that many 
 colts are not bitted properly and accustomed to the harness before they are 
 hitched to a wagon and it is not surprising that some of the high-lifed or 
 sulky, bad tempered colts or horses should take to kicking when in harness. 
 There is another kind; namely, nervous ticklish animals that are allowed to 
 go with their head down low and when frightened or startled commence 
 kicking. 
 
 REMEDY. — In my judgment there would be few kickers if colts were 
 handled young, bitted properly and driven about with the lines before they, 
 are hitched to a vehicle. When hitched. they should be hooked to a cart and 
 a kicking strap applied to prevent their kicking. After a thorough education 
 of this kind and at the same time checking the head up reasonably high to 
 prevent the raising of the hind quarters very high, few horses would attempt 
 to kick in double harness. Most kickers that kick in single harness have first 
 contracted the habit when double or when hitched to a cart without kicking 
 strap or to a cart that was too light and broke to pieces when the cplt ran 
 away. It is time well spent to bit a colt a few weeks before you attempt 
 to drive him single or double. Colts very often break in very easily if first 
 driven with their mother while they are young and I might add that every 
 colt should be broken when he is a year old or younger. By doing this fewer 
 accidents happen and less force has to be used. Besides, much valuable time 
 is saved for a young colt breaks more easily than an old one. 
 
 KICKING WHILE EATING GRAIN— KICKING IN STALL.— This 
 
 is a habit that is contracted from the animal's being overfed and under exer- 
 cised ; also, nervous horses seem to soon pick up the habit from the horse in 
 the next stall so that it is not unusual to find several idle horses kicking, one 
 after the other, or several at the same time. Horses kept in single stalls are 
 most likely to kick the stall and kick while eating grain. 
 
 REMEDY. — Give the animal plenty of exercise or moderate work; 
 buckle or fasten a strap around each pastern of. the hind leg attaching to it 
 twelve or fourteen inches of chain; or, harness him with either trotting or 
 pacing hopples. Hoppling the hind legs together twelve or fourteen inches 
 apart, with hopple- applied above hock, works fairly well and very often 
 shifting a stall kicker to a dififerent part of the stable where he will have 
 quieter associates seems to have a good efifect. It is not unusual to find mares 
 kicking the stall while in heat, if they" are teased by their neighbor. I have 
 
HORSE— BREAKING, TRAINING AND HANDLING. 7 
 
 known mares that were inveterate kickerSj the result of disease or an ab- 
 normal condition of the generative organs. In these cases spaying is the 
 only successful remedy. 
 
 BALKING. — Balking is when a horse refuses to go when told or ui^ed 
 to do so. There are two general causes; namely, exciting and predisposing. 
 The exciting causes are decidedly numerous — ^yes, there are hundreds of 
 them, while the predisposing causes are perhaps few. However, the two 
 causes are many times closely associated, as for instance a quick, high-lifed, 
 nervous, energetic colt in the hands of a nervoys, excitable, poor horseman ; 
 and attempting to use the colt for slow heavy work is very likely to fret and 
 discourage both colt and driver. Besides, over-loading young uneducated 
 horses during the muddy or snowy season and pulling this heavy load up 
 hill, especially if the haul is long, is quite likely to make a balky colt. Using 
 harsh bits that make the mouth sore, using bad-fitting collars that hurt the 
 shoulders, working a spirited horse with a lazy sluggish one, reining the 
 head up too high and jerking and abusing a willing, true puller, have a tend- 
 ency to discourage him and make him balky. Punishing a horse when he is 
 ■unable to pull the load and whipping him when he is doing his best are al- 
 ways remembered. Horses have great memories. I have no hesitation in 
 saying that for want of knowledge, a level head and a smooth temper 
 drivers are responsible for spoiling the disposition and discouraging nearly 
 every balky horse. An excitable horse should not be driven or worked by an 
 excitable person. Light driving and road work should be done with light 
 horses. 
 
 REMEDY. — Ascertain the cause and when a horse balks attract his 
 attention away from what he is thinking about but treat him kindly. Coax 
 him into pulling the load or starting on his journey. Place some sand in his 
 mouth or drop a little water in his ears. Place a twitch on either lip or ear 
 and he may pull. Or, tie a rope around his flank, hitch it to his mate and 
 when he goes the balky fellow is likely to follow. There are hundreds of 
 ways of controlling a balky horse, but kindness and strategy on the part of 
 the driver overcome every balky horse or mule. 
 
 CRIB BITING— WIND SUCKING.— This is not a disease, but a vice 
 or bad habit, perhaps the result of indigestion, pain in the jaw or teeth, but 
 the greatest number of cases I have traced have been contracted by imita- 
 tion when. the animal was idle. Wind sucking is usually the result of crib 
 biting after it has been kept up for a certain length of time. The swallowing 
 of air is accomplished by the animal's taking hold of some hard substance, 
 then dropping the neck and allowing air to fill a vacuum in the pharynx. 
 This air later passes into the stomach and on into the bowels. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Put the horse in a box stall or a stall with smooth par- 
 .titions and without any manger and oblige him to eat out of an oval-shaped 
 cement or metal box resting on the floor. If he sucks wind wear a muzzle on 
 him when he is not eating. Mangers covered with metal or smeared with 
 oflFensive drugs, such as aloes, coal-tar disinfectants or red pepper have a 
 tendency to prevent their cribbing. In pure wind suckers a strap may be 
 tied tightly around the upper part of the neck. This will prevent the horse 
 filling himself with air. However, I have known horses to become roarers 
 from wearing a strap buckled tightly around their neck to prevent wind 
 sucking. 
 
 HALTER BREAKING AND HALTER PULLING.— When colts are 
 
8 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK 
 
 a few weeks old and before they get strong every one of them should be 
 halter broken and this is most easily accomplished when the colt is first led 
 with its mother. The second lesson should be by leading the colt in a circle 
 within sight of its mother, either in a stall or paddock and I have always 
 thought it was a mistake to be in a hurry and try to teach the colt too much 
 in a minute. However, a colt can be halter broken in two or three days so that 
 he can be led about like an old horse if good judgment is used on the part 
 of the teacher. Older colts require more time to teach to lead, but whenever 
 they are taken in hand the work should be persisted in until the ends are 
 accomplished. Halter pullers are usually made by using halters that are 
 easily broken. The habit is usually acquired through fright and the careless 
 tying of young horses or colts. I have found it a good plan to use a strong, 
 well fitting halter and to tie them short and high up, as this -gives the horse 
 less power to break loose. Another plan is to use a long rope, passing it 
 around the body at the flanks with a slip knot, passing it under or alongside 
 of the body through a ring in surcingle and up through a halter or neck 
 strap and then hitching it to the manger or a post, and then after the colt 
 makes a few attempts to break loose he will give it up as a bad job and per- 
 haps discontinue the habit. However, it is not a good plan to take this rope 
 off too soon. Another plan is to buckle a 'hopple around the foreleg either 
 above or below the knee, sli(^e this through a neck strap or halter and hitch 
 him to the manger or post and he will not break loose. 
 
 EXAMINATION FOR SOUNDNESS.— In buying a horse it is well 
 to know whether he is sound or unsound for if not sound his value must de- 
 preciate. In order to tell whether he is sound or not, you must be thorough 
 and keep in mind the necessity of looking him all over. Watch him closely 
 in the stable— he may crib bite or have some vice or may point a foot or rest 
 one leg. He may come out of the stall lame but the lameness may soon dis- 
 appear. Trot him on hard footing, examine his eyes closely, look at his 
 mouth to see how old he is, pick up his feet, watch his breathing, look into 
 his mouth for diseased teeth, test his wind by giving him a brisk gallop, back 
 him out of the stall and watch for stringhalt and chorea, see that his feet are 
 of even size and that he has no thrush. Tap his feet for corns and tender 
 spots, look into his nostrils and examine the eyes closely to see that they are 
 alike. Go over every part of the body carefully. See that there are no splints, 
 ring-bones, spavins, curbs, bog-spavins or thoroughpins. Stand him on a 
 level floor or piece of ground, then step to one side and notice if he is knee 
 sprung. Also stand behind him and observe whether his hips are alike. 
 Notice if his respiration is normal, also use enough pressure on the throat to 
 make him cough. If he has a moist cough think little about it, but if he has 
 a harsh, dry, hacking cough it is perhaps chronic and possibly bad enough to 
 condemn him. Trot him both to and from you on hard footing, letting him 
 have the free use of his head; also trot him in a circle for some horses will 
 show lameness only when turning. If you are buying him for work, insist 
 on seeing him hitched and test«his pulling qualities. It is well to notice 
 whether the mane is roughened from wearing a collar, also look for harness 
 marks. It is always suspicious to find no evidence of harness marks. If 
 you are going to use him for road work give him a good sharp drive, also 
 be sure to give him a brisk gallop to test his wind. 
 
 TEETH AND HOW TO TELL A HORSE'S AGE.— The teeth are, of 
 course, the principal agents used in the process of mastication, besi les afford- 
 
HORSE— BREAKING, TRAINING AND HANDLING. 9 
 
 ing a means of telling a horse's age. A tooth is divided into three parts — 
 crown, neck and fang and is formed of three substances — enamel, dentine and 
 crusta petrosa. There is a cavity in the fang called the pulp cavity, extending 
 up into the neck. This cavity is largely supplied with fibers and blood 
 vessels, also with nerves. This cavity, however, disappears as the animal 
 grows older. It is surrounded with nearly thirty per cent, of animal matter 
 and about seventy per cent, of earthy matter. This accounts for the teeth 
 being harder than bone. Dentine develops from the pulp, but in very old 
 animals the teeth are composed entirely of earthy material and, I might add, 
 are the hardest material of the body. The teeth are of three classes. Incisors, 
 tusks or canine teeth, and molars or grinders. The teeth in the upper jaw 
 are always wider than in the lower. The horse is provided with temporary 
 teeth at first and later with permanent teeth, having twenty-four temporary, 
 twelve molars and twelve incisors. He has forty permanent teeth. On 
 the table or wearing surface of the incisors there are cavities and these 
 cavities form the best means of telling a horse's age. The temporary teeth 
 are white, have a well marked neck, and are narrow; while the permanent 
 teeth are always darker in color and wider; besides, as they wear down they 
 become more upright. When a colt is foaled it usually has four front teeth — 
 two above and two below. However, if they are not seen at birth they 
 usually appear in ten or twenty days. From four to six weeks later four 
 more appear close to the others and some six- months later the other four 
 corner teeth appear, making six above and six below, and this is the full set 
 of incisor teeth. The only change that takes place up to two and one-half 
 years is that the surface of the teeth become smoother. Now between two 
 and a half and three years the four temporary teeth are shed and permanent 
 ones take their place, and when from three to four years old, the four central 
 incisors are shed and from four and a half to five years old the corner incisor 
 teeth are shed and the permanent ones take their place. Sometimes a horse 
 will have a full mouth when four and a half years old. The mouth of a two- 
 year old resembles somewhat that of a five-year old. However, the teeth of 
 the two-year old are always whiter and narrower and a two-year old never 
 has bridle teeth. The foal at birth usually has twelve temporary molars. 
 The first permanent grinder teeth appear when the colt is about twelve or 
 thirteen months old. The next appear six or eight months later and at about 
 three and half years old the fifth appears taking its place third in the jaw 
 and very soon afterwards the sixth appears, and when four years old the 
 colt has a full set of permanent molar teeth. The bridle teeth appear be- 
 tween four and five years old then the horse has a complete set of permanent 
 teeth. At the age of six years the marks in the central lower incisors are 
 pretty well gone, at seven the central lower, at eight the surface of the lower 
 row of nippers is almost perfectly smooth and there is a small hook on each 
 of the upper corner incisors. At nine years the mark is worn out of the 
 two central upper teeth, at ten it is out of the next ones and at eleven the 
 upper row of teeth is worn smooth. After this the incisors begin to project 
 forward, become narrower from side to sidb and broaden from the four back 
 ones and are almost round at the age of twelve. At thirteen years of age 
 the central lower nippers are nearly round -and at fourteen years nearly all 
 the incisors of the lower jaw are round. When fifteen years old the central 
 upper nippers are almost round, in fact all the upper nippers have assumed 
 that shape. At sixteen years the middle ones are nearlv round, measuring 
 
10 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 but little more in depth than they do in breadth. Now, at seventeen years of 
 age the incisors of the upper jaw have become almost round. However, the 
 middle teeth are a little deeper than they are broad. At eighteen years the 
 lower incisors become a little more triangular in shape and somewhat deeper 
 than they are wide. At nineteen years we find the middle teeth of the lower 
 jaw triangular in shape and not quite so wide, but perhaps a little deeper, and 
 at twenty years the whole six lower incisor teeth have become triangular in 
 shape. Besides, they are usually somewhat irregular. 
 
 PROPER FOOD AND FEEDING. — In feeding animals, especially the 
 young, it must be remembered that milk that comes from the mother is a 
 balanced ration and if the. young colt has plenty of it and meets with no mis- 
 hap or sickness he grows evenly and every part of the body seerns to be 
 nourished properly. Then after weaning time, the diet must be of such a 
 j nature as to take the place of milk. Colts or calves should be fed some 
 ' ground oats while sucking the mother so that when weaned they will eat 
 t hay, grass, grain, vegetables and fodder. H left to their own choice, where 
 ' they, have access to a variety of food stuffs it is astonishing to see them nib- 
 bling a little of them all; This is a hint to us to supply their wants, for while 
 they are making their own selections their entire body is growing not only 
 rapidly but evenly. Growing young stock are not always fed a sufficient 
 quantity of nutritious food to keep them growing ; besides, too many of them 
 are fed the same kind of food during the entire winter months and nothing 
 but grass during the summer season and of course this is a mistake. The 
 common food for horses in this country and Canada is hay, straw, corn- 
 fodder, grass, roots, oats, corn and rye but in some other countries they are 
 fed on much the same kind of food that man eats and I am told they thrive 
 on it. In the selection of food for horses it should be of good quality and 
 not too bulky, for the stomach of a horse is small, hence the necessity of 
 supplying him with grain as well as fodder if he is working. Hay, straw and 
 corn-fodder should be fed first for it passes out of the stomach more quickly 
 than grain and if hay or fodder is fed last some of the grain must leave with 
 it instead of remaining in the stomach to be digested. Furthermore, a horse 
 should be watered before he is fed grain for fear that the water will wash 
 the grain into the bowel before it has been properly digested. If hungry 
 horses are fed bulky food first, they eat it slower than if fed grain and it does 
 them more good, and feeding this way also prevents their swallowing the 
 grain whole. Indigestion is very often the result of feeding tired, exhausted 
 horses too soon after their day's work is over especially if they are fed cut 
 feed and chopped feed that has much corn mixed with it. Of course it may do 
 but little harm when fed in cold weather but during hot sultry weather it 
 usually disturbs digestion, ending sometimes in death. Too sudden a change 
 of diet is somewhat dangerous if a large quantity of rich nutritious food i§ 
 supplied to an animal unaccustomed to it. 
 
 PROPER SHOEING. 
 
 These rules are recommended by the Instructors of the United States 
 Government Training School for Farriers and Horseshoers at Fort Riley, 
 Kansas. 
 
 The following rules may serve as a guide for the shoeing of healthy feet : 
 1. The wall, being the weight bearer, should be rasped perfectly level 
 
HORSE— CARE OF SICK AND INJURED. 11 
 
 or the foot will be thrown out of its true position, causing extra strain on 
 some of the ligaments. 
 
 2. Fit the shoe accurately to the outline of the foot; do not alter the 
 latter to fit the shoe. Rasping away the exterior of the crust to fit the shoe 
 not only renders the horn brittle but is so much loss of bearing surface. 
 
 3. The sole should not be touched with the knife; loose flakes may be 
 removed with a blunt instrument. 
 
 4. The bars should not be cut away; they are a part of the wall and 
 are intended to carry weight. The shoe should rest on them. 
 
 5. The frog should not be cut, but left to attain its full growth. No 
 frog can perform its functions unless on a level v^ith the ground surface of 
 the shoe. 
 
 6. The shoe should have a true and level bearing and rest well and 
 firmly on the wall and bars. A plain light-weight shoe is the best — plain on 
 both ground and foot surface. 
 
 7. High nailing is injurious; do not use any more nails than are abso- 
 lutely necessary, as the nails destroy the horn. 
 
 STABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK AND INJURED. 
 
 <(In treating of the management and care of sick and injured horses we will 
 quote largely from the instructors of the Government Training School.) 
 
 Care of the Sick. 
 
 The sick horse should, if practicable, be immediately removed to a large, 
 clean, light and well ventilated box stall, free from drafts and located as far 
 as possible from other horses. Clean bedding should be provided, and the 
 stall kept free from manure and moisture. If such a stall can not be pro- 
 vided a double stall, with the kicking bar removed and ropes or bars placed 
 across the front of it, will answer the purpose. 
 
 If the patient is suffering from a febrile disease (fever) during the cold 
 season of the year, paulins or horse covers can be hung up in such a manner 
 as to serve as a protection from drafts, care being taken to allow sufficient 
 air to enter this improvised box stall. Such patients must be clothed accord- 
 ing to the season of the year, the blanket drawn well forward on the neck 
 and fastened in front, the legs, after hand-rubbing, bandaged with flannels. 
 The bandages should be changed several times daily and the legs thor- 
 oughly rubbed to stimulate circulation. 
 
 Horses with diseases of the nervous system require to be kept absolutely 
 quiet, and must be removed as far as possible from all noise. It is prefer- 
 able that only one man be allowed to attend to their wants, as a change of 
 attendants would very likely cause excitement and thus increase the severity 
 of the disease. Animals suffering from debilitating diseases should be 
 tempted with and fed any food that is rich in nourishment and easily di- 
 gested. Salt should frequently be added. The food, etc., should be given 
 only in such quantities as the animal will readily eat, and any portion left 
 over should be at once removed, as food constantly remaining before a sick ani- 
 mal will have a tendency to deprive it of all appetite. Food that is wet, such 
 as bran mashes or steamed oats, will soon solir in warm weather and will 
 
13 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 get cold or may freeze during the winter ; if eaten in these conditions it may- 
 cause diarrhea, colic, etc. Feed boxes, water buckets, and all parts of the 
 stall must be kept clean and free from odor. The hay should be clean and 
 bright, and only the best given to the sick animal. Pure water should be 
 provided and, placed in such a position as to enable the animal to reach it 
 without difficulty; a sick horse will frequently rinse the lips and mouth with 
 water if given the opportunity, even when not thirsty. The water should 
 be changed as often as necessary during the day to insure a pure and fresh 
 supply at all times. 
 
 A horse suffering from colic requires sufficient space, well bedded, to 
 prevent injuring himself by rolling over during a spasm of pain. A man 
 should be constantly in attendance, as there is danger that the animal may 
 become cast and be unable to get up without assistance. 
 
 Undigested matter being the exciting cause in almost all cases of coHc, 
 food should be withheld for about twelve hours after all pain has disappeared, 
 and then given only in small quantities during the next twenty-four hours, 
 after which the ordinary ration may be resumed. A few swallows of pure 
 water may be given at short intervals, but special care must be taken when 
 the water is very cold. 
 
 The pulse is the beating of the arteries, usually felt at the jaw (the 
 submaxillary artery), and is an important guide in determining the physical 
 condition of the animal; the normal pulsations are about 40 per minute. The 
 count is best taken by placing the fore or middle finger transversely on the • 
 artery. The slightest excitement, when the horse is sick, will cause an alter- 
 ation in the pulse, therefore the animal should be approached very quietly. 
 A strong and full pulse is an indication of health. 
 
 In the first stages of fever the pulse is full and bounding, afterwards be- 
 coming small and weak. A very slow pulse denotes disease or injury of the 
 brain or spinal cord. An imperceptible pulse indicates the approach of death. 
 
 At rest the heajthy horse breathes from 13 to 15 times per minute. Diffi- 
 cult or rapid breathing is a prominent symptom of disease of the respiratory 
 organs; it may also be observed in some cases of flatulent colic. Abdominal 
 breathing is the respiratory movement performed with the ribs fixed as much 
 as possible, owing to pain or mechanical obstruction in the chest, and is a 
 symptom of pleurisy and hydrothorax (water in the chest). 
 
 Irregular breathing is that condition where there is a want of harmon- 
 ious correspondence between the inspiratory and expiratory movements, and 
 /is observed in the disease commonly known as " broken wind " or " heaves." 
 The inspiratory movement in this affection is performed quickly and with 
 a jerky effc5rt, while the expiratory movement is performed slowly and with 
 a double action, more particularly of the abdominal muscles. Irregular breath- 
 ing often becomes spasmodic or convulsive during the progress of the disease. 
 The condition and color of the visible mucous membranes should be closely 
 observed ; as will be learned in detail later, they are an important guide in 
 determining the physical condition of the animal. 
 
 The normal temperature of the horse in the internal part which is most 
 easily accessible, the rectum, may be estimated at from 99 degrees to 101 
 degrees F. In very young animals the temperature is commonly about 101 
 degrees, but in very old ones it has been known to be as low as 96 degrees F. 
 The temperature of the external parts of the bod^'' becomes lower according 
 
HORSE— CARE OF SICK AND INJURED. 13 
 
 to their distance from the heart, and liable to much variation from the state 
 of the surrounding atmosphere. Fever is an elevation of temperature. 
 
 The production of animal heat is due to certain chemical and vital 
 changes which are continually taking place in the body; these changes con- 
 sist in the absorption of oxygen by the capillaries in the lungs, and the 
 combination of that oxygen with the carbon and hydrogen derived (first) 
 from the disintegration of animal tissues and (second) from certain elements 
 of the food which have not been converted into tissue. 
 
 This combination with oxygen, or oxidation, not only takes place in the 
 blood, which may be looked upon as a fluid tissue, but in' the tissue cells 
 also, in all parts of the body, the animal heat being maintained by the natural 
 changes which are essential to a healthy condition. 
 
 As previously stated, oxygen is absorbed from the air by the capillaries 
 of the lungs in respiration (breathing). Expired air is found to have lost 
 about 10 per cent, of the oxygen contained in pure air, and to have accu- 
 mulated a like amount of a combination of carbon and oxygen, called carbonic 
 acid gas. If we imagine the animal breathing and rebreathing the same air, 
 it, can be seen that the oxygen, so necessary for the purification of the blood, 
 would soon diminish to a dangerous degree. Hence, we realize the importance 
 of a large supply of air to draw on and the necessity of good ventilation. At 
 each inspiration the horse draws about 250 cubic inches of air into the lungs, 
 and he therefore requires about 3 cubic feet per minute, or 120 per hour. It 
 is customary, in building ordinary stables, to allow 1,600 cubic feet of air 
 space (over twelve hour's supply) for each animal, and to provide means of 
 admitting fresh air without causing drafts. In infirmary stables the allow- 
 ance is increased to 1,900 cubic feet. 
 
 Without good air the blood is imperfectly purified, the vitality of the 
 animal is lessened, he is more susceptible to disease, and will succumb more 
 easily when attacked; consequently, horses should never be kept in the 
 vicinity of a marsh, the air from which contains an excess of carbonic acid gas 
 and a diminshed supply of the necessary oxygen. 
 
 Care of the Injured. 
 
 If the horse is seriously injured and stands with difficulty, he should 
 be placed in slings (See Plate) to partially support the weight of the body. 
 The slings must be properly adjusted, fitting closely behind the elbows in 
 such a manner as to support the weight of the body on the chest and not on 
 the abdomen. This position is maintained by the use of the breast piece and 
 breeching, which prevent the shifting of the sling. A single stall, having 
 a level floor; free from bedding, is more suitable than one allowing more 
 motion to the animal. 
 
 If the horse is but slightly injured, there is no necessity of placing him 
 in slings. An ordinary stall with a level floor is all that is required. After 
 the injury has been dressed he should be allowed to stand without being dis- 
 turbed. If very lame, and movement is painful, the more quiet he is kept 
 the more quickly will recovery take place. Absolute rest and perfect quietude 
 are two very essential things, and when secured they will hasten the process 
 of recovery without inflicting unnecessary pain upon the animal. In some 
 surgical cases it is necessary to restrain the animal so that he can not injure 
 himself by rubbing or biting the aflfected parts. This can be accomplished 
 by tying up the head or by the application of side lines. Bandages may be 
 
14 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 applied to the legs of animals for different purposes — First, to give support 
 to the blood vessels and synovial bursas; second, to dry and warm the legs; 
 third, to support packs used in applying hot and cold lotions; and fourth, 
 when conditions are favorable, to check hemorrhages. 
 
 Food and Drinks for Sick Horses. 
 
 Water Supply. — However harmless impure water may have been to animals 
 in a wild state, the more we subject them to an artificial existence the more 
 we remove them from the immunity they may have possessed against com- 
 mon causes of disease and the greater liability is there for the development of 
 causes of disease and the greater liability is there for the development of 
 diseases which originally may never have existed. In other words, the do- 
 mesticated animals should always have pure water; when the vitality is 
 further reduced by sickness the necessity of absolute purity is even more 
 imperative. 
 
 Hay Tea. — Fill a tub with a good quality of hay, pack it down closely 
 and cover it with boiling water, then cover the tub and keep it in a warm 
 place for fifteen or twenty minutes and if the water evaporates add some more 
 cold water. Hay tea is refreshing to a horse. 
 
 How to Make Gruel. — Stir either a quart of corn meal or oat meal into 
 a gallon and a half or two gallons of cold water, allowing it to stand for an 
 hour or two, then give it as> a drink. 
 
 How to Make Bran Mashes. — Take four or five quarts of fresh bran, add* 
 a tablespoonful or two of salt, pour on boiling water until the bran is cov- 
 ered with the water then cover with a cloth to keep in the steam and surround 
 the bucket with some straw or cloth to keep it warm or place it in a 
 warm room and allow it to stand for two hours. If the horse is not inclined 
 to eat it add a few oats. This is a very good meal for heavy work horses,. 
 Wednesday and Sunday evenings, to keep the bowels open. 
 
 How to Give a Horse Medicine. 
 Medicine is given to a horse most conveniently in feed, or with a syringe, 
 or as a drench out of a wine or whiskey bottle. The head is easily held up by 
 fastening a strap or rope in the nose piece of the halter, then passing through 
 a ring or pulley or over a beam. Pour the contents of the bottle slowly into 
 the mouth, bu.t never pull out the tongue or pinch the throat. It is a mistake 
 to hold the head too high and decidedly dangerous to drench a horse through 
 the nose. Many times it becomes necessary to give medicine by injecting it 
 into the bowel or to give it with a hypodermic syringe. Medicine can be easily 
 given to a horse in pill oi- bolus form and balling guns are useful for this pur- 
 pose but the pill or bolus may be given by taking hold of the tongue with the 
 left hand, pulling it well forward, keeping the mouth open with the same hand 
 and then placing the ball well back in the mouth and letting go of the tongue 
 after the right hand is withdrawn. Medicine in powder form, when not ir- 
 ritating or caustic in its action, can be given with a spoon when the tongue is- 
 pulled forward with the left hand and mouth kept open with closed hand. 
 
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Diseases of the Mouth, Stomach, Bowels, Liver, Etc.) 
 
 INDIGESTION. — A simple functional derangement of the digestive 
 system is very common in animals, especially the horse which has a small 
 stomach. 
 
 CAUSES. — Simple indigestion is very often brought on by eating too 
 much bulky food of poor quality. Of course it is true that digestion in the 
 horse goes on rapidly for if it did not, with so small a stomach in propor- 
 tion to the size of his body, the horse would suffer more from indigestion 
 than he does. Sharp uneven teeth, causing the horse to improperly masti- 
 cate his food, is another cause of indigestion. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal usually falls off in condition and becomes 
 somewhat emaciated. His coat looks rough and he presents an unthrifty 
 appearance. The bowel movements are often irregular. He may show 
 some abdominal pain and instead of losing his appetite he will often eat filthy 
 things with apparent relish and he very often licks the wall, hunting for lime 
 or salt. 
 
 TREATMENT. — There may be an over acidity of the stomach and if so 
 the horse will of course be fond of lime or salt. Many home remedies help 
 this kind of cases. Salt, lime and very often a small dose of calomel and 
 a moderate dose of aloes, or epsom salts, or baking soda and charcoal can be 
 given with benefit. A little bit later give quinine, gentian, quassia, sulphate 
 of iron or charcoal. If the animal shows much weakness give stimulants. 
 Float the teeth if they need it, exercise the horse regularly and be sure to 
 change the feed. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR INDIGESTION.— 
 
 1. Raw Linseed Oil. — Drench with a quart of raw linseed oil. This 
 dose may be repeated if necessary. 
 
 2. Soda, Ginger and Gentian. — Mix equal parts of common baking soda, 
 powdered ginger and powdered gentian and give in tablespoonful doses 
 twice a day one hour before feeding. This is best given by dissolving in 
 half a pint of water and giving as a drench. 
 
 3. Removing Causes. — If the indigestion is caused by sharp and irreg- 
 ular or decayed teeth they should be rasped down or extracted. If the horse 
 bolts his grain without chewing it properly this can be remedied by feeding 
 in a large manger where the grain can be spread out so that he cannot eat 
 it so fast. If worms are the cause then a dose of one ounce of aloes or a pint of 
 raw linseed oil will prove of service. 
 
 CHRONIC INDIGESTION.— This is a weakened condition of the di- 
 gestive organs. 
 
 CAUSES. — This ailment is sometimes associated with functional de- 
 rangements of the liver and is often brought on by feeding a horse too many 
 oats for too long a time when not exercised. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — An animal may have indigestion and not show symp- 
 toms of sickness; however, his general appearance is not good. He is dull 
 and languid, sweats easily and his coat is not glossy. The pulse is too slow, 
 
 15 
 
16 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 the membranes yellow, appetite irregular and sometimes there is sorne diar- 
 rhea. There is a desire for salt and an inclination to lick lime and dirt. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Find out the cause and remove it. Change the feed, 
 open the bowels and give ginger, soda, charcoal, gentian, cinchona, or any- 
 home digestive remedy. 
 
 ACUTE INDIGESTION. — This is an ailment caused by eating too 
 much of the wrong kind of food, eating it too fast, improperly masticating 
 it and failing to digest it quickly. During hot weather a great many draft 
 horses die of acute indigestion by its producing rupture of the stomach or 
 bowels, or pressure against the diaphragm. 
 
 CAUSES. — Perhaps the most common cause is subjecting a horse to 
 hard work or fast driving too soon after eating a hearty meal. Another very 
 common cause is watering horses after they have eaten grain. The follow- 
 ing foods seem to be most likely to cause it : wheat, barley, Indian corn and 
 many kinds of green food. Also, the atmosphere seems tq exert a peculiar 
 influence in causing acute indigestion. For example, in my practice and at 
 my hospital some days I have had not less than twenty cases and many other 
 days none at all. This, I might say, is the experience of many other veter- 
 inarians. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal usually becomes dull and sluggish, soon 
 showing a slight uneasiness, turning the head to one side seemingly suffering 
 more pain. These pains are often spasmodic. However, later they become 
 more continuous and the abdomen enlarges. The eructations of gas or*the 
 passage of gas through the rectum are favorable indications. Sometimes 
 there is regurgitation of food, but this will be found in more extreme cases. 
 The animal very often perspires, has slight diarrhea and rolls and tumbles 
 violently. If the anus is reddened much and the pulse is weak and quick it 
 is unfavorable. Also, if the animal staggers or reels or falls back upon his 
 haunches it is an indication that he will not recover. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In all cases of acute indigestion the treatment should 
 be prompt to be effective. Give one ounce aromatic spirits of ammonia in 
 one pint of cold water and repeat in thirty minutes; or, give three ounces 
 hypo-sulphite of soda in one pint of water and repeat in one hour. Another 
 remedy is three drams of salicylic acid in one-half pint raw linseed oil and 
 repeated in two hours if necessary. Or, you may give one-half ounce tur- 
 pentine in twelve ounces raw linseed oil and repeat in one hour if necessary. 
 Give injections, making them of good soap and warm water; a little sweet 
 oil may be added. If, in your judgment, you believe that the gas is increasing 
 and has no means of escape, do not hesitate to tap him, using of course the 
 horse trocar and canula. The trocar used for the horse should be smaller 
 than the one used for the cow. The opening should be made in the right 
 flank between the last rib and the point of the hip. Be sure that your in- 
 strument has been boiled or dipped in a two per cent, solution of carbolic 
 acid and water. (See " Tapping for Bloat.") 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BLOATING.— 
 
 1. Soapy Water. — If wind is the cause of the bloating, give injections 
 of warm soapy water. 
 
 2. Cayenne Pepper and Ginger. — Put half an ounce of cayenne pepper 
 and one ounce of ginger into a pint of warm water and give as a drench as 
 quickly as possible. 
 
POINTS OF THE HORSE. 
 
 1. 
 
 Lips. 
 
 14. 
 
 Jugular 
 
 channel. 
 
 28. 
 
 Point of 
 
 Shoulder. 
 
 40. 
 
 Thigh 
 
 'J, 
 
 Muzzle. 
 
 15. 
 
 Breast 
 
 front of 
 
 2Sa. 
 
 Shoulder. 
 
 
 
 41. 
 
 Stifle. 
 
 3. 
 
 Face. 
 
 
 chest). 
 
 
 28b. 
 
 Arm, 
 
 
 
 42. 
 
 Buttock. 
 
 4. 
 
 Forehead. 
 
 16. 
 
 Withers. 
 
 
 29. 
 
 Elbow. 
 
 
 
 43. 
 
 Gaskin. 
 
 5. 
 
 Eyebrows. 
 
 17. 
 
 Back. 
 
 
 30. 
 
 Forearm. 
 
 
 
 44. 
 
 Hock. 
 
 6. 
 
 Forelock. 
 
 18. 
 
 Ribs or 
 
 barrel. 
 
 31. 
 
 Chestnut. 
 
 
 
 44a. 
 
 Point of hock 
 
 7. 
 
 Ears. 
 
 19. 
 
 Girth. 
 
 
 32. 
 
 Knee. 
 
 
 
 45. 
 
 Chestnut. 
 
 8. 
 
 Lower jaw. 
 
 20. 
 
 Loins. 
 
 
 33. 
 
 Cannon. 
 
 
 
 4(1. 
 
 Cannon. 
 
 9. 
 
 Cheek. 
 
 21. 
 
 Croup. 
 
 
 34. 
 
 Fetlock joint. 
 
 
 47. 
 
 Fetlock joint. 
 
 10. 
 
 Nostril. 
 
 22. 
 
 Tail. 
 
 
 35. 
 
 F'astern. 
 
 
 
 48. 
 
 Fetlock. 
 
 11. 
 
 Poll. 
 
 23. 
 
 Dock. 
 
 
 36. 
 
 Coronet. 
 
 
 
 49. 
 
 Pastern. 
 
 11a. 
 
 Throat. 
 
 24. 
 
 Flank. 
 
 
 37. 
 
 Foot. 
 
 
 
 50. 
 
 Coronet. 
 
 12. 
 
 Parotid. 
 
 2.5. 
 
 Belly. 
 
 
 38. 
 
 Fetlock. 
 
 
 
 51. 
 
 Foot. 
 
 13. 
 
 Neck. 
 
 26. 
 
 Sheath, 
 
 
 39. 
 
 Point of 
 
 the 
 
 hip. 
 
 
 
 13a 
 
 Mane. 
 
 27. 
 
 Testicles 
 
 
 39a. 
 
 Haunch. 
 
 
 
 
 
•■ »n(*'"r""Wf«^ff^l»«'7P*ry" j?^' 
 
 SKELETON OF THE HORSE. 
 
 A. Head. Y. 
 
 B. Lower jaw, Z 
 
 C. Atlas. a. 
 
 D. Axis. b. 
 
 E. The remaining five cervical vertebrae. c. 
 
 F. Spinous processes of the back and withers. d. 
 
 G. Lumbar vertebrie. e. 
 H. Sacrum. f. 
 
 I. Coccygeal, or tail bones. 1. 
 
 J. Scapula, or shoulder blade. 2. 
 
 K. Humerus, or arm bone. 4. 
 
 h, Radius and ulna or bones of the forearm. 5. 
 
 M. Carpal, or knee bones. 6. 
 
 N. Small metacarpal, or cannon bone. 9. 
 
 O. Large metacarpal, or cannon bone. H. 
 
 P. Os suffraginis, or pastern bone. 12. 
 
 Q. Sesamoid bones. l.S. 
 
 R. Os corona;, or lower pastern bone. 14. 
 
 S. Os pedis, or coffin bone. ir>, 
 
 T. Ribs. 10. 
 
 U. Pelvis. 17. 
 
 V. Femur, or thigh bone. 19. 
 
 X. Patella, or stifle bone. LiO. 
 
 Tibia and Fibula, or leg bones. 
 
 Tarsal, or hock bone. 
 
 Large metatarsal, or cannon bone. 
 
 Upper pastern bone. 
 
 Sesamoid bones. 
 
 Lower pastern bone. 
 
 Coffin bone. 
 
 Ligamentum nuchac, or neck ligament. 
 
 Cranium. 
 
 Orbital cavity. 
 
 Incisor teeth. 
 
 Molar teeth. 
 
 Shoulder joint. 
 
 Cartilage of prolongation. 
 
 Ulna, or elbow bone. 
 
 Rib cartilages. 
 
 Point of the hip ; outer angle of the ilium. 
 
 Point of the croup; inner angle of the ilium. 
 
 Ischium. 
 
 Hip joint. 
 
 Stifle joint. 
 
 Calcaneum. 
 
 Cuboid. 
 
7'~T^"f^KVW<r'TWff "T " 
 
 MUSCLES AND TENDONS OF THE HORSE. 
 
 k. 
 1. 
 
 14. 
 
 Flexor pedis perforatus tendon. 
 
 Flexor pedis perforans tendon. 
 
 Suspensory ligament. 
 
 Check ligament. 
 
 Extensor pedis tendon. 
 
 Extensor suffraginis tendon. 
 
 Cannon bone. 
 
 Splint bone. 
 
 Upper pastern bone. 
 
 Lower pastern bone. 
 
 Lateral cartilage. 
 
 Longissimus dorsi. 
 
 21. Flexor brachii. 
 
 23. Extensor suffraginis. 
 
 24. Extensor metacarpi magnus= 
 
 25. Extensor pedis tendon. 
 
 26. Flexor pedis perforans. 
 36. Gluteus maximus. 
 
 38. Gastrocnemius externus. 
 
 39. Flexor pedis perforatus. 
 
 40. Flexor pedis perforans. 
 
 41. Peroneus. 
 
 42. Flexor metatarsi. 
 
 43. Extensor pedis. 
 
DIGESTIVE APPARATUS OF THE HORSE. 
 
 1. Mouth. 
 
 2. Pharynx. 
 
 3. Esophagus. 
 
 4. Diaphragm. 
 
 5. Spleen. 
 
 6. Stomach (left sac). 
 
 8. Liver, upper extremity. 
 
 9. Large colon. 
 
 10. Caecum. 
 
 11. Small intestines. 
 
 12. Floating colocu 
 13» Rectum. 
 
 14. Alius. 
 
 15. Left kidney and its ureter. 
 
 16. Bladder. 
 
 17. Urethra. 
 
CIRCULATORY APPARATUS OF THE HORSE. 
 
 1. Heart (right ventrical). 
 
 2. Heart (left ventrical), 
 
 3. Heant (left auricle). 
 3a. Heart (right auricle). 
 
 4. Pulmonary arteries (cut oflf) 
 Pulmonary veins (cut off). 
 Anterior aorta. 
 Common carotid artery. 
 Left brachial artery. 
 Humeral artery. 
 Radial artery. 
 Metacarpal artery. 
 Digital artery. 
 Posterior aorta. 
 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 7. 
 
 9. 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 16. 
 17. 
 
 18. Branches distributed to the stomach, spleen,, 
 
 pancreas, etc. 
 
 19. Branches distributed to the intestines. 
 
 20. Branch to the kidneys, 
 22. Posterior vena cava. 
 
 24. External iliac artery. 
 
 25. Internal iliac artery. 
 
 27. Femoral artery. 
 
 28. Posterior tibial artery. 
 
 29. Metatarsal artery. 
 
 30. Venous network of the foot. 
 
 33. Jugular vein. 
 
 34. Anterior vena cava^ 
 
g 
 
 H 
 
 HI 
 H 
 H 
 
 Q 
 
 z; 
 
 <; 
 
 u 
 < 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 W 
 
 Pi 
 O 
 X 
 
 CO 
 H 
 O 
 
 pa 
 
 en 
 
 O 
 
 H 
 en 
 
 W 
 H 
 
 2; 
 
 <; 
 > 
 
METHODS OF SECURING THE HORSE WHILE GIVING MEDICINE OR 
 PERFORMING AN OPERATION. 
 
 HORSE BACKED IN STALL READY FOR OPERATION. 
 A horse may be backed into the stall and secured when necessary to give a 
 drench or perform a minor operation. Dr. Fair is about to float (file) the teeth. 
 The teeth of every horse should be carefully examined once a year and attended to 
 if necessary. 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
 HORSE IN SIMPLY CONSTRUCTED STOCKS READY FOR OPERATION. 
 Dr. Fair, with English Sliding Chisel, is about to cut a large abdominal growth 
 from a molar tooth. The assistant is handing him a balling iron for keeping the 
 horse's mouth open. These stocks are very simple. The horse's legs may be hoppled 
 if necessary. 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. S? 
 
 3. Charcoal. — Charcoal will give relief by absorbing the gas. Any 
 amount may be given. 
 
 4. Chloride of Lime. — One-hali ounce of chloride of lime will cure 
 bloating. 
 
 5. Carbonate of Ammonia. — Give one to two drams of carbonate of 
 ammonia. 
 
 6. Linseed Oil or Aloes. — Give from a pint to a quart of raw linseed oil 
 or from one-half to an ounce of aloes. Either of these will unload the stomach 
 and bowels. 
 
 PUNCTURING TO RELIEVE BLOAT— TAPPING THE LARGE 
 BOWEL. — Tapping is a surgical operation that I have been performing suc- 
 cessfully for thirty-four years and, so far as I can learn, the puncturing of 
 horses to relieve flatulence had never been done successfully prior to this 
 date. This discovery grew out of the fact that I was losing so many valuable 
 horses from acute indigestion and feeling so badly over the death of one or 
 more horses or mules every hot sultry day or evening, caused me to have 
 a long, small trocar made and, to my surprise, three out of the first five cases 
 I punctured made splendid recoveries and had I not so long delayed operat- 
 ing on the other two I am inclined to believe they might also have recovered. 
 Never use a large trocar on horses for the operation is likely to prove fatal 
 as it makes too large a wound or opening in the bowel. Besides, there is 
 greater danger of hemorrhage. When it becomes necessary to puncture, 
 the operation should not be put off too long, but should be performed while 
 the animal is strong and before rupture has taken place. The trocar should 
 not be used until the flank becomes drum-like and before doing so the skin 
 should be washed clean with soap and water, then with alcohol or peroxide- 
 hydrogen or any other good antiseptic. The operation is usually performed 
 on the right side of the animal, but may be done on the left side in cases 
 where the left flank is badly distended. The skin should first be cut with 
 the lancet or a sharp, clean knife. This is done for the purpose of facilitating 
 the entrance of the trocar and canula, but before the trocar is used it should 
 be boiled in hot water for ten minutes or dipped in carbolic acid water, one 
 part to thirty. The direction should be downward and inward. After pulling' 
 out the trocar if no gas comes through the canula you must not be discour- 
 aged but should puncture him again. After the gas has all escaped the 
 canula may be withdrawn and the wound usually heals by first intention. 
 However, in some cases an abscess forms which should be treated as if it 
 occurred on any other part of the body. It is a good symptom when pure 
 gas comes through the canula and an unfavorable one if fluid passes, as 
 this indicates inflammation of the bowels. But I have known scores of 
 recoveries to take place even when this dark fluid escaped at the time of 
 puncturing. After the operation a dose of laxative medicine may be given. 
 The animal should be kept on a light diet for a few days and allowed to rest 
 as this is of assistance in bringing about a permanent recovery. Every 
 horse owner should keep on hand an instrument of this kind and should not 
 hesitate to use it before it is too late, making the opening on the right side 
 at the most prominent and distended point in the right flank, which is 
 usually in the triangle between the hip and ribs. 
 
 DEPRAVED APPETITE.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 FLATULENT OR WIND COLIC— Flatulent colic consists in a gen- 
 eration of gases in the stomach and large intestines the same as in acute in- 
 
 s-s 
 
18 THE PEOPLE'S UOUE STOCK BOOK. 
 
 digestion. The same treatment will answer very well in either case. There- 
 fore, the reader is referred to " acute indigestion," where the causes, symptoms 
 and treatment are given. As there stated, treatment should be quite prompt. 
 Energetic, diffusible stimulants such as 1 ounce sulphuric ether; aromatic 
 spirits of ammonia, 1 to two-ounce doses,; or a dessert spoonful of turpentine 
 should be given. Repeat every 2 hours until relief is obtained. Also give 
 enemas of warm water' with a small quantity of salt added. I have seen 
 excellent results from the use of tobacco injection. After every attack of 
 flatulent colic the animal should be kept on a light diet for two or three days 
 and the stomach and bowels should be cleaned out with a dose of 1 ounce 
 aloes, 1 quart raw linseed oil, or 1 pound epsom salts. Tapping ma:y be 
 necessary. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FLATULENT OR WIND COLIC. 
 
 1. Red Pepper Tea. — Give a quart of strong red pepper tea while warm 
 and follow in an hour with a pint of raw linseed oil. 
 
 2. Whiskey and Soda. — Give a teaspoonful of common baking soda in 
 a pint of whiskey. This may be repeated in one hour if necessary. 
 
 3. Lime or Ammonia. — Give half-ounce doses of chloride of lime every 
 half-hour until relieved. Carbonate of ammonia is also good and may be 
 used in the same dose. 
 
 4. Charcoal. — Give charcoal every hour in ounce doses to absorb the gas. 
 
 5. Warm Lard. — Drench the horse with 1 pint of warm lard. This is 
 a remedy that is nearly always at hand. 
 
 6. Wild Yam. — Give 30 drops of wild yam every fifteen to thirty min- 
 utes. This should be given in half a pint of warm water. 
 
 7. Aloes, Sweet Oil, Etc. — Apply blankets wrung out of hot water. 
 Give injections of warm soap suds mixed with 8 ounces of sweet oil. Also 
 give one-half ounce of Barbadoes aloes. 
 
 8. Hop Tea. — Drench the horse with a quart of strong hop tea and then 
 let him roll or walk him. 
 
 9. Soda and Buttermilk, — Give a teaspoonful of common baking soda 
 in a quart of buttermilk. May be repeated in half an hour if necessary. The 
 soda should not be added to the buttermilk until just before it is given. 
 
 10. Soda and Ginger. — Mix a tablespoonful" of ginger with a tablespoon- 
 ful of common baking soda, dissolve in warm water and give as a drench. 
 
 11. Chloroform and Linseed Oil. — Mix half an ounce of chloroform with 
 a quart of raw linseed oil and give at one dose. 
 
 12. Turpentine and Laudanum. — Mix 1 ounce of turpentine with two 
 ounces of laudanum and a pint of warm water and give as a dose. 
 
 13. Milk and Ammonia. — To a pint of sweet milk add a teaspoonful of 
 aqua ammonia and give at one dose. 
 
 14. Laudanum, Ether and Nitre. — Mix equal parts of laudanum, sul- 
 phuric ether and spirits of nitre. The dose is two tablespoonfuls in a pint 
 of water and may be given every hour until relief is obtained. 
 
 CRAMPS OR SPASMODIC COLIC— Spasmodic colic is perhaps one 
 of the most common bowel ailments of the horse. It is known by such names 
 as gripes, cramps, belly-ache, etc. It consists of a spasmodic contraction of 
 the muscular portion of the intestines. It usually affects the small intestines ; 
 however, the large intestine is sometimes involved. 
 
 CAUSES. — Spasmodic colic is often the result of a change of feed from 
 good to an inferior quality. It also follows drinking too much cold water 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 19 
 
 when in a heated condition, especially if the animal is exhausted. Eating cold 
 or frozen vegetables, sometimes a very small quantity, brings on the attack. 
 A change of temperature from hot to cold and irritating cathartic medicine 
 when not combined with an anodyne to prevent griping are other causes. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^This ailment attacks the animal suddenly. When seem- 
 ingly in perfect health and while eating food he is seized with pain and turns 
 the head around to the side, switches his tail, paws and kicks, often raising 
 the hind foot toward the abdomen. Ha cringes down, very often lying down 
 and rolling from side to side and of course must be suffering violent pain. 
 These attacks of pain are usually periodical and soon pass off. During these 
 attacks the pulse quickens but slows when the animal is quiet. The neck 
 of the bladder is usually contracted and the animal is unable to urinate, but 
 after the abdominal pain ceases the animal urinates freely. During these 
 sick spells the ears and legs very often become cold and when rolling he 
 tries to balance upon his back. He generally paws and turns around several 
 times before lying down and he frequently eats hay between the attacks and 
 sometimes the bowels move freely. These attacks usually last from fifteen 
 minutes to ten or fifteen hours. Whenever the pain becomes continuous and 
 the visible mucous membranes become inflamed it indicates inflammation of 
 the bowels. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In the treatment of colic it is important to be energetic 
 and to bear in mind that giving twelve or fifteen times as much of any of the 
 common home remedies used for colic in the family is equally proper in the 
 treatment of spasmodic colic in horses. All alcoholic stimulants and anti- 
 jipasmodics are proper remedies for this ailment. Among these remedies 
 are sulphuric ether, tincture opium (laudanum), ginger, capsicum, belladonna 
 and nux vomica. If the bowels are costive give a laxative of oil or aloes, 
 with calomel and ginger. It is also well to give injections. Stimulating lini- 
 ments or mustard applied externally give relief. The animal should be al- 
 lowed to roll as he pleases. A very common drench is composed of one 
 ounce of sulphuric ether, one ounce of tincture of opium (laudanum), one- 
 half ounce tincture ginger and one dram tincture capsicum in a pint or two 
 of cold water. Repeat this dose in an hour or two if a recovery has not taken 
 place. It is always good practice to give a laxative to clear out the bowels 
 and it is always good judgment to lessen an animal's food supply for twenty- 
 four hours after he has had an attack of colic. 
 PEOPLE'SHOME REMEDIES FOR CRAMP OR SPASMODIC COLIC. 
 
 1. Whiskey. — Give half a pint of whiskey in. some hot water every hour 
 until relief is obtained. 
 
 2. Soapy Water and Salt Water. — Give injections of warm soapy water 
 or weak salt water if the horse has spasmodic colic. 
 
 3. Laudanum, Ether and Linseed Oil. — Give two ounces each of lauda- 
 num and sulphuric ether mixed with half a pint of raw linseed oil. 
 
 4. Chloral Hydrate. — Give an ounce of chloral hydrate in one-half pint 
 of water every two or three hours. 
 
 0. Nitre, Opium and Ginger. — To half a pint of water add one-half ounce 
 of fluid extract of ginger, one ounce of tincture opium and 1% ounces of 
 sweet spirits of nitre. This is one dose. 
 
 6. Nitre, Laudanum, Ginger. — To a pint of lukewarm water add one 
 Jtftblespoonful of ginger and one ounce each of tincture of laudanum and sweet 
 
so THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 spirits of nitre. Give this amount every four hours until the horse is better. 
 This is one of the best remedies known for cramp or spasmodic colic. 
 
 7. Asafetida and Ether. — Mix 1% ounces of sulphuric ether with 4 
 ounces of tincture of asafetida. Give one-fourth of this amount in a pint of 
 warm water every twenty minutes until relief is obtained. 
 
 GORGED STOMACH— IMPACTION OF THE STOMACH— STOM- 
 ACH STAGGERS.^ When the stomach is overloaded and distended so much 
 that it fails to contract on its contents, we call it gorged stomach. This usu- 
 ally happens to hungry, half-starved, ravenous eaters when they have access 
 to a grain bin or field of grain. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal soon becomes dull and shows distress, keep- 
 ing the head low. This dullness increases and he usually paws and acts as 
 though he were going to stagger and it Is not uncommon for him to be- 
 come delirious, tremble violently and act wild until he falls. This ailment 
 sometimes remfnds one of a horse with mad staggers or vertigo. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give one ounce of aromatic spirits of ammonia, one 
 dram fluid extract nux vomica and three ounces of whiskey in a pint of cold 
 water every hour. Or, give any good home colic mixture. A cathartic of 
 aloes, epsom salts or Glauber's salts should be given immediately. Large doses 
 of ginger and red pepper are good and I have known two tablespoonfuls of 
 turpentine given in one-half pint of either sweet oil or raw linseed oil to act 
 very well. If there is much gas forming give two drams of salicylic acid in 
 a teacupful of warm water every hour until relief is obtained; or, give one 
 ounce of aromatic spirits of ammonia in one pint of cold water every hour 
 until the horse is better. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES :— For Impaction, Gorged -Stomach, or 
 
 Stomach Staggers. — 
 
 1. Aloes, Cayenne Pepper and Turpentine. — Give an ounce of Barba- 
 does aloes as a physic and follow with half an ounce of cayenne pepper or 
 ginger; also, give injections of warm soap suds. This treatment has cured 
 many a horse. 
 
 RUPTURE OF THE STOMACH.— Rupture of the stomach is a result 
 of acute indigestion, bvit I have known it to occur without the bowels being 
 veiy much affected. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — One of the most prominent symptoms is the animal's 
 attempting to vomit and it very often succeeds when the stomach is rup- 
 tured. The heart action is always weak, cold sweats bedew the body, the 
 ears and legs grow cold and the horse sits on his haunches. Rupture of the 
 stomach is always fatal. "However, an animal will often live several hours 
 after the rupture occurs. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Treatment consists in moving the bowels before'an in- 
 flammation takes place ; therefore, give one ounce of aloes, thirty g'rains 
 calomel, one dram ground nux vomica and two drams ground ginger, made 
 into a bolus. Give at one dose. Eight hours later give a pint of raw lin- 
 seed oil and one dram tincture nux vomica at a dose three times a day until 
 the bowels move. Also give injections of warm soap suds, apply mustard 
 and water to the abdomen and if the pain is intense give four grains of mor- 
 phine four or five times a day. Give the animal water if he craves it. As 
 a last resort I have thought good results followed giving twenty-five drops of 
 croton oil in a pint of raw linseed 6il. It is well to keep in mind that a little 
 walking exercise assists greatly in moving the bowels. 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 21 
 
 GASTRITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Gastritis is usually the result of taking irritants or poisons, 
 such as arsenic, brine or lime, into the stomach. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal suffers great pain, may sweat freely and the 
 pulse is weak. The horse is less liable to have gastritis than the ox or dog. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Without knowing the cause you cannot treat gastritis 
 properly. If it is due to eating arsenic, give hydrated sesquioxide of iron; 
 also give nutritive tonics and stimulants, plenty of eggs and milk and such 
 home remedies as soothe our own inflamed stomaclis. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Gastritis or Inflammation of the 
 
 Stomach. — 
 
 1. Sulphuric Acid. — Give from half a teaspoonful to a teaspoonful of 
 sulphuric acid well diluted with milk, whites of eggs, or oils. Also give lin- 
 seed gruel. 
 
 ENTERITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS.— Enteritis, or 
 inflammation of the bowels, as it is commonly termed, is a very fatal affection 
 of the horse and I might say in all the lower animals. As a rule the inner 
 coat of the bowels is affected However, all the other coats may become in- 
 volved, and the large intestines are much more commonly affected than the 
 small ones. This is not a common disease of the horse, but when it does 
 exist it is usually fatal. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is usually the result of other ailments that affect the bowels. 
 Certain animals are seemingly predisposed to it. It very often follows the 
 giving of poisonous doses of croton oil, arsenic and other irritating drugs. It 
 also results from impaction of the bowels caused by food clogging them and 
 also from foreign bodies lodging in the intestines. It also results from intus- 
 susception or a telescoping of the bowels, or from volvulus or a knotting or 
 kinking of the bowels. It is possible for a horse to suffer with this disease 
 for several days; however, most cases do not last longer than twenty-four 
 or thirty-six hours. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are very similar in the first stages to those 
 of colic, but they soon become more severe, the pain more continuous, the 
 pulse quicker and the temperature usually rises. In most cases the horse 
 tries to roll on his back and appears easiest in this position. The abdomen is 
 hard and painful to the touch. Cold sweats appear on the body. The eye 
 is somewhat blood-shot and the animal wanders about the stall as though 
 unconscious of what was going on. Whenever a diarrhea sets in it should be 
 a hint that recovery is doubtful. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The treatment of this fatal disease is unsatisfactory. 
 Give opiates freely, and small doses of calomel and oil. If it is convenient, 
 give morphine hypodermically, from one to three grains at a dose, repeating 
 the dose as often as necessary to give the animal relief. Injections of tepid 
 water with a little tobacco added is a good treatment. Apply mustard and 
 water freely to the abdomen. See that the animal has pure fresh air to breathe 
 and look well after the horse's general comfort. Do not allow him to stand 
 in a draft or chill and do not allow any by-stander to suggest giving a horse 
 suffering from enteritis a dose of physic, for if you do it adds to his chances 
 of dying. I have known of hundreds oT horses being killed on account of 
 this mistake being made. It is well to keep in mind that large doses of opium 
 to quiet the animal and keep him quiet throughout his sickness is the best 
 
22 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOR. 
 
 remedy that can be given. Also apply hot applications and mild counter-" 
 
 irritants to the abdomen. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Inflammation of the Bowels.— 
 
 1. Hot Water. — Apply woollen blankets wrung out of hot water to the 
 abdomen and back. 
 
 Z. Vinegar, Mustard and Turpentine. — To two quarts of vinegar add 
 half a pound of mustard and an ounce of turpentine. Mix and rub on the belly 
 and back and then tie a blanket around the horse. 
 
 3. Opium and Belladonna. — Give from one to two drams of powdered 
 opium mixed with one dram of extract of belladonna. This dose may be 
 given every three or four hours. 
 
 4. Oatmeal Gruel, Starch Wate^:, Etc.— Apply hot blankets to the belly 
 and give oatmeal gruel, starch water or linseed tea. 
 
 5. White Oak Bark. — Make a tea of white oak bark and give large and 
 frequent doses. Apply mustard water to the legs and to the body apply 
 blankets wrung out of hot water and sprinkled with turpentine. 
 
 PERITONITIS.^(See " Cattle Department.") 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Opium and Calomel. — Every 2 to 4 hours give from 1 to 2 drams 
 of powdered opium mixed with % dram of calomel. Also apply mustard 
 plasters or turpentine stupes to the belly. 
 
 HERNIA — RUPTURE.— A hernia is a protrusion of the whole or a part 
 of an organ through either a natural or an unnatural opening. It usually 
 means a protrusion of some of the intestines from the abdominal cavity. The 
 name usually indicates the location and we meet with umbilical, scrotal and in- 
 guinal hernias. When it interferes with the circulation of the parts it is 
 called strangulation. In many cases it is reducible. 
 
 INGUINAL HERNIA. — Inguinal hernia is usually met with in 
 young animals or stallions and consists of the passage of a portion of the 
 intestines through a ring into the inguinal canal, becoming strangulated and 
 producing violent colicky pains. These are difficult cases to diagnose and if 
 discovered the treatment consists in casting the horse, rolling him on his 
 back, passing the hand into the rectum, seizing the bowel and shaking it 
 loose, then applying a pad and keeping the bowel within the body. With 
 this treatment the parts may close and a recovery take place. Otherwise, it 
 would be necessary to castrate the horse by the covered method. 
 
 SCROTAL HERNIA. — Scrotal hernia is very common in young animals 
 at birth and it very often gets well without treatment. When it produces no 
 harm it is best to leave it alone until it does. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A bunch of this kind usually increases in size after the 
 animal has eaten a hearty meal. It is always larger in hot weather for cold 
 seems to contract these bunches. A very good test is to place the hand on the 
 bunch and have an assistant oblige the animal to cough ; when coughing the 
 hernia will be forced out and enlarged. It is always a good plan to examine 
 the hernia before castration. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The only satisfactory treatment is a surgical operation 
 and this work should be done by an expert. Therefore, it is needless to give 
 directions as to how the work should be done. 
 
 UMBILICAL HERNIA. — Umbilical hernia is a protrusion of the bowel 
 through the umbilicus (navel opening) and is most commonly met with in 
 young animals. It seldom causes much inconvenience and is almost always re- 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 33 
 
 duceable. Of course there is some danger of its becoming strangulated, but this 
 is the exception. Very often the bunch can be reduced by pressure and some 
 veterinarians try bandages or a truss before they will consent to operate. 
 Skewers are often put through the skin and a ligature applied back of them, 
 or a clamp is applied and left on, allowing the pouch of skin to slough off. 
 This very often brings about a perfect recovery. I have also cut into the 
 hernial sack, made the edges of the abdomen raw, stitched the opening with 
 heavy catgut sutures, then placed a bandage and pad of oakum over the 
 bunch and obtained splendid recoveries. 
 
 VENTRAL HERNIA.— This is a kind of herjiia that takes place through 
 an artificial opening in the abdomen. It is the result of accident. It is very 
 often caused by kicks or being hooked by cattle, or in old animals it some- 
 times takes place on account of the abdominal muscles giving way, the result 
 of over exertion. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If very small it is not always advisable to do much for 
 it unless it increases in size, becomes strangulated or interferes in some way 
 with the use^fulness of the animal. When it does it is well to open the ab- 
 domen, scarify the edges of the opening, stitch them together with heavy 
 catgut, treat the wound antiseptically and wear a bandage and pad until a 
 recovery takes place. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA.— In diaphragmatic hernia the bowels 
 pass from the abdominal to the thoracic cavity and it is not unusual when it 
 occurs to find several feet of the small bowels in the chest. Death always 
 follows. 
 
 Causes. — It is usually the result of severe exertioii. 
 
 Symptoms. — Same as enteritis. 
 
 Treatment. — Is of no avail. 
 
 INTESTINAL WORMS— LONG ROUND WORMS— TAPEWORMS 
 — PIN WORMS. — The tapeworms have flat bodies and are made up of a 
 succession of segments or links with a narrow neck and quite small head, 
 some of them being round headed and others flat headed. We also find flukes 
 of a flat shape with digestive organs and a number of sucking discs ; we also 
 find the thorn-headed worms with long rounded bodies and retractible snouts 
 with hooks by which they attach themselves to the mucous membrane of the 
 bowels, but they have neither mouth nor digestive canal. The horse harbors 
 in his bowels tapeworms and round worms and I have seldom failed to find 
 them. The large worms usually inhabit the small intestines and the small 
 worms reside in the large bowels and as the large worms have sixty or more 
 feet of bowels for their home, it is not surprising that they are difficult to 
 destroy and when we consider that the small worms have thirty or more feet 
 of large bowels to reside in, are you surprised at a single dose or two of 
 medicine failing to reach them all? Horses become wormy by taking food , 
 or drinking water that contains worm embryos which, when meeting the heat 
 and moisture of the body, soon grow and develop into worms and of course 
 they multiply rapidly and if not destroyed or passed out of the body they 
 disturb digestion and pick up considerable nutriment, causing the animal to 
 get out of condition and lose flesh. Besides, I have known them to puncture 
 the bowels. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are shown whenever worms are present 
 in large numbers and attach themselves to the mucous membranes or when 
 they bore through these to reach other parts. They produce signs of ill health. 
 
34 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 poor condition, hide-bound, a scurvy, dry state of the skin, pot-belly, an itchy 
 condition of the skin and root of tail and often a voracious appetite with 
 fetid breath, sometimes diarrhea and at other times costiveness. There is 
 bloating in the morning, a puffy swelling and itchy condition of the anus 
 which is very often surrounded with a sort of dried mucus, rubbing of the 
 tail and colicky pains, and one of the best and safest symptoms is the pass- 
 age of worms. However, it is not always possible to see them without the 
 use of a magnifying glass. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Perhaps the most reliable remedy known is santonine ; 
 however, it should be given in one-dram doses combined with twenty grains 
 of calomel and two drams of powdered kamala and made into a, bolus with 
 linseed meal and given on an empty stomach in the morning, daily for three 
 or four days ; then discontinue for several days and repeat it. Another popu- 
 lar home remedy is giving one ounce of turpentine and one dram of oil of 
 male fern in one pint of raw linseed oil at a dose twice a week for two or 
 three weeks. This mixture should be given as a drench in the morning accord- 
 ing to directions for drenching horses. All vermicides given to human beingsi 
 that produce good results are proper remedies for horses, but give ten times the 
 quantity at a dose. For pin worms wash out the rectum with a gallon or two 
 of soap suds, then use an infusion of quassia which is made by soaking one 
 ounce of quassia chips for one hour in a pint of warm water. Or, dissolve 
 one ounce of sulphate of iron in three or four parts of tepid water and use 
 this instead of the quassia. Or, dissolve three ounces of common salt in, a 
 gallon of tepid water and use this. In treating wormy live stock it is well 
 to consider the importance of removing the cause, which means a change o* 
 food and the boiling of the water supply. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR WORMS.— 
 
 1. Fine-Cut Tobacco. — Give an ounce of fine-cut tobacco in the feed once 
 a day for a week or ten days. 
 
 2. Turpentine and Linseed Oil. — Give half a pint of raw linseed oil to 
 which has been added an ounce of turpentine. 
 
 3. Salt Jind Ashes. — Mix equal parts of salt and wood ashes and give two 
 tablespoonfuls at a time in the feed once a day. 
 
 4. Pin Worms.-^Once or twice daily inject an infusion of either tobacco 
 or quassia chips, using half a pound to a gallon of water. Repeat once or 
 twice a day for two or three days and follow with a physic. 
 
 5. Pin Worms. — Dissolve a tablespoonful of salt in a quart of tepid 
 water and wash out bowel daily for a week. 
 
 INTESTINAL TUMORS.— Tumors, if not large, may exist in the intes- 
 tines for a long time without doing much harm. However, when they grow 
 large they are always troublesome, very often causing death. 
 
 CAUSES. — Any injury to the bowel, such as puncturing for fiatuleijt colic, 
 or some rough uneves hard substance passing through the bowel may be the 
 means of starting a tumor-like growth and it is not uncommon to find them in 
 white horses suffering from melanosis. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— A horse suffering from tumors in the bowel usually shows 
 colicky pains, paws, rolls and throws himself about gently. The pulse is 
 slightly quickened, bowels are constipated, the body and extremities become 
 cold and the animal very often dies in a few days. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give morphia, opium or belladonna and if a correct 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 25 
 
 diagnosis can be made and the services of a skillful sui^eon can be had ask 
 him to operate, for this is the only possible chance of saving the horse's life. 
 
 INTESTINAL CONCRETIONS.-:-Intestinal concretions sometimes 
 form in the bowels and block them. They are usually hard and are composed 
 of lime, magnesia, hair, meal and many other substances. Many of these 
 masses have some hard substance as a sort of nucleus around which these 
 substances seem to fasten and accumulate. 
 
 CAUSES. — Animals that lick others during the shedding season and cows 
 that are fond of picking up pieces of wood, metal or leather are quite likely 
 to have trouble of this kind. Besides, certain kinds of feed are likely to pro- 
 duce dust balls. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— The animal usually has considerable abdominal pain and 
 as the disease progresses the horse is inclined to sit on his haunches and if 
 the bowel is entirely blocked he soon shows all the symptoms of enteritis or 
 inflammation of the bowels. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all it is good treatment to wash out the rectum 
 with soap and water that is a little warmer than the temperature of the body. 
 If there be much pain, opiates should be given and there is none better than « 
 tincture of opium (laudanum) and in the horse large doses of purgative medi- 
 cine should be given. Raw linseed oil or sweet oil is the safest. If aloes, 
 calomel and ginger are given, it should be in the early stages before any in- 
 flammation of the bowels has taken place. A horse can often be relieved by 
 introducing the hand into the rectum and removing the obstruction, providing 
 the impaction is in the posterior bowel and within reach. It is well to keep 
 in mind that it is easy to injure the bowel; therefore, the finger nails should 
 be cut short and the hand well oiled before this work is done. 
 
 DYSENTERY.^This term is used when blood comes away mixed with 
 the feces and it may or may not occur as an independent disease. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is very often the result of tuberculosis of the bowel or due 
 to the presence of irritants in the intestines; It also comes from drinking 
 stagnant or impure water; besides, an inferior quality of feed often causes it. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — An excessive bowel action and some blood and mucus 
 mixed in the evacuations are common symptoms of dysentery. The pulse is 
 usually quick, the animal thirsty, bowels ulcerated, coat dry and hot, and if the 
 animal does not get relief he loses strength rapidly and death may be the result. 
 
 TREATMENT. — I invariably give a dose of oil, either raw linseed or 
 olive oil. Castor oil is often given with gpod results. Chalk and opium, ether, 
 whiskey, brandy or rum are proper remedies. Catechu, tannic acid, starch 
 and wheat flour act very well. Whenever the bowel discharges lessen mater- 
 ially, begin to give tonics such as equal parts of sulphate of iron, gentian, 
 ginger and cinchona, a tablespoonful at a dose in feed two or three times a 
 day. It is always a mistake to allow an animal to have too much hearty iooC 
 or vegetables after recovering from an attack of this kind ; besides, he should 
 be kept reasonably quiet, 
 
 , DIARRHEA. — Diarrhea consists n the passage of too much liquid feces 
 and it is very often the result of other ailments, such as indigestion and enter- 
 itis. 
 
 CAUSES. — Eating infected food, too much rich food when the animal is 
 not accustomed to it, drinking stagnant or filthy water, grazing on bare pas- 
 tures where too much earth is taken in with the food and eating too many 
 vegetables and badly, cured fodder are among the causes of diarrhea. Certain 
 
86 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 rangy horses with slim bodies, flat ribs and which are poorly ribbed up, are 
 subject to looseness of the bowels. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The passage of too much liquid fecal matter and exhibit- 
 ing symptoms of pain each time the bowels are moved are symptoms of diar- 
 rhea. In the early stages the heart action is not much changed; however, 
 later on the circulation quickens and the extremities may grow cold ; also> the 
 animal may stagger, indicating considerable weakness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Find out if possible whether the case is acute or chronic. 
 It is generally good practice to give from one pint to one quart of raw lingeed 
 oil or sweet oil. It is also a good plan to give sweet spirits of nitre, ginger, 
 and opium ; one-half ounce of each at a dose in a pint of water, three or four 
 times a day. The quantity of opium should be increased if the bowel action 
 is not checked ; or you may give one dram ;powdered opium, two drams pow- 
 dered catechu and one ounce prepared chalk at a dose two or three times a 
 day. Very often by giving flour or starch in water two or three times a day the 
 case will be helped ; besides, wheat flour gruel is a proper food to give. In 
 the treatment of young foals they should be given medicine very carefully, in 
 the same way, but given in very small doses. If the disease is due to micro-or- 
 ganisms, bowel antiseptics such as creosote, carbolic acid, hypo-sulphite soda 
 or salol should be given and counter-irritants applied externally. 
 
 DIARRHEA IN YOUNG COLTS.— This is brought on by the, colt's 
 getting too much rich milk from the mother or from her udder being in- 
 fected, or from exposure. 
 
 CAUSES. — The first njilk from the mare or sow possesses laxative prop- 
 erties; therefore, if the colt takes too much it is likely to produce diarrhea. 
 Sometimes it is the result of the mare's milk being of poor quality ; or, if she 
 is working and becomes overheated, this changes her milk. It is also the re- 
 sult of exposure to storms and lying on wet cold ground. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— Watery bowel movements. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the colt quiet, clothe his body warm and bandage 
 the legs if they are cold. Give a small teaspoonful of laudanum and a large 
 teaspoonful of good whiskey, twenty drops spirits of camphor and five grains 
 of powdered alum in some of the mare's milk every three or four hours until 
 the bowels tighten. Or, give five grains sulphate iron in one ounce water 
 every three hours. Or, you can give any good home remedy that is used in 
 diarrhea or dysentery in man. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Diarrhea in Young Colts.— 
 
 1. Flour. — Mix two tablespoonfuls of flour with a teacupful of cold water 
 and drench the colt twice a day. If the case is severe and attended with 
 much pain apply a mustard plaster to the abdomen and give a drench of 3 
 tablespoonfuls of whiskey, 1 ounce of castor oil and 10 drops of laudanum. 
 
 2. Preventive. — To prevent scouring in foals do not feed the mare vege- 
 tables or too much grass to purge her soon after foaling but feed some old 
 oats and well cured fodder. This con es from a Granger living in Stockton, 
 Iowa. 
 
 CONSTIPATION.— ^Constipation is more a symptom of disease than a 
 .disease itself. 
 
 CAUSES. — Perhaps over feeding and want of exercise are the most com-, 
 mon causes of constipation. A rapid absorption of the fluids of the bowels 
 during fever always has a tendency to produce constipation. It is also an 
 indication of a torpid liver. Certain kinds of food cause it ; it can be brought 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 27 
 
 Ofl by feeding too much nourishing food or too much non-nutritious food; be- 
 sides, it often follows indigestion and derangement of the digestive system, 
 especially in old animals. ■ 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — As a rule it is not difficult to make a diagnosis, but do 
 not be misled if a slight diarrhea is present, for this is often set up as an effort 
 of nature to empty the bowels. The dung is often covered with mucus, the 
 animal presents a dull appearance, shows some abdominal pain at times, rolls 
 some, bloats a little, and the trouble is usually in the large bowels. The 
 rectum is usually irritated and protrudes somewhat. This is a result of the 
 horse making an effort to empty his bowels. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If a horse is affected, give aloes ; if an ox, give epsom 
 salts or oil ; and castor oil for the dog. It is well to give a little ginger; or 
 capsicum to prevent griping, or a decoction of tobacco as an injection and it 
 is often necessary to empty the bowel by hand, especially if there is any par- 
 alysis of the rectum. In chronic constipation it is well to keep in mind that 
 nearly all vegetables have a laxative effect ; therefore, they should be fed to all 
 idle horses. The bowels move much more often when an animal is exercised 
 than when standing still. Therefore, exercise is a preventive. 
 
 CONSTIPATION IN YOUNG COLTS.— Nearly every colt is costive 
 when born. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is more likely to occur in colts when the mother has been 
 fed on dry food and her bowels are in a costive state. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is constipation if the bowels of a colt do not move 
 within twelve or twenty-four hours after birth. 
 
 TREATMENT. — ^If the bowels do not move within twelve or twenty- 
 four hours after birth, inject sweet oil or push in a round, smooth* tapered 
 piece of ivory soap or a glycerine suppository, or something that is oily and 
 not irritating, but be sure not to injure the bowel. Sometimes soap suds act 
 very well. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Constipation in Foals.— 
 
 1. Castor Oil. — Give from 3 to 4 ounces of castor oil at a dose. The 
 lives of many foals would be saved if the constipated condition of the bowels 
 was noticed and this treatment given. 
 
 VOLVULUS. — Volvulus is a twisting or kinking of the bowel that occurs 
 when the animal is rolling. Young animals appear to be more affected than 
 older ones and it is not uncommon to have it take place while an animal is 
 suffering from colic. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — This is an ailment that is difficult to diagnose for the 
 symptoms are very much the same as in inflammation of the bowels, but 
 the animal very often shows more distress. The animal sits on his haunches, 
 much like a dog. 
 
 TREATMENT. — As a rule very little can be done to prevent a fatal term- 
 ination but it is always good practice to give remedies that will quiet the 
 animal and there is none better than tincture of opium (laudanum) given in 
 one-ounce doses as often as necessary to allay the pain. In my practice I 
 advise the destruction of a horse that has volvulus and cannot be relieved 
 from the pain, for this is the humane thing to do. 
 
 INTUSSUSCEPTION. — Intussusception means a slipping of a portion 
 of bowel within another very much as a telescope i^ shortened. It occurs in 
 both the large and small intestines, but I have found the small intestines to 
 be most frequently involved. 
 
28 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 CAUSES. — No one has ever been able to tell the exact cause ; however, it 
 frequently follows attacks of spasmodic colic when there is violent muscular 
 contraction of the bowels and it is most common in young animals. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Almost identical with those of volvulus. 
 ' TREATMENT. — A surgical operation is sometimes attended with good 
 results ; however, to be successful the work must be well done. I have known 
 a portion of the bowel to slough aod come away showing that nature effected 
 a cure. (Se? treatment for volvulus and follow it.) 
 
 PROLAPSUS ANI— FALLING OF BOWEL.— Prolapsus ani or fallen 
 bowel is a condition of the rectum which follows irritation of the bowel, very 
 often from what is termed back-racking when the hand of the operator was too 
 large or when he neglected to oil his hand properly or when too much force 
 was used. 
 
 Causes. — it is caused by anything that irritates or inflames the rectum 
 such as irritating drugs in injections and giving certain medicine to purge 
 animals or inexperienced persons emptying the bowel by hand. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a red looking mass protruding from the bowel 
 the size of a pint measure or sometimes even larger. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all wash out the bowel with tepid water, using 
 a small rubber tube ; however, in case the water fails the hand should be used 
 and the smaller the hand the better. The protruding part should be washed 
 clean and forced back into place and the hind quarters raised eight or ten 
 inches higher than the fore quarters. This is best done by arranging the 
 stall floor. Put % pound of sugar of lead, four ounces of laudanum and one 
 ounce of tannic acid into a gallon of cold water and apply to the rectum five 
 times a day. Keep the bowels open by feeding well salted bran mashes, vege- 
 tables, or grass or give some raw linseed oil. I have sometimes found it 
 necessary to remove a portion of the bowel, but not until it had become 
 gangrenous. 
 
 RUPTURE OF THE RECTUM.— Rupture of the rectum is by no means 
 an uncommon injury. It often occurs by the careless use of metal syringes, 
 mal-address in mating mares, in taking away foals and in back-racking. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment consists in stitching the break with 
 strong catgut and bringing the edges as closely together as possible, then 
 keeping the bowel clean and not too full and washing it out daily with one 
 part carbolic acid, two parts glycerine and fifty parts water. 
 
 SORE MOUTH. — This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane fol- 
 lowing many different constitutional and exciting causes. 
 
 CAUSES.^ — Stomach disturbances from eating too much bad food is a 
 cause; or, eating irritating things or taking drugs which have a caustic or 
 irritating effect will often produce an inflamed condition of the mouth. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The mouth is swollen, hot and tender; there is drool- 
 ing of saliva and there is always a reddened appearance of the mouth, and 
 sometimes small ulcers or blisters can be seen; however, this is not very 
 common. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Feed grass or damp, cut fodder; also feed soft mashes 
 that will not irritate the mouth. _ Dissolve % ounce of borax in a pint of 
 water and wash out the mouth twice a day. There are many home remedies 
 that will do just as well as drugs. Alum, salt or chlorate of potash are very 
 good. 
 
 STOMATITIS. — This is the name usually given to a soreness that oc- 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 29 
 
 CUTS in the mouth and on the tongue, very often occurring when young ani- 
 mals are teething. 
 
 CAUSES. — Eating infected food which causes a derangement of the 
 stomach and digestive organs, lack of nourishment, debility from scours, 
 becoming infected through the navel, and the cutting of teeth appear to 
 be the common causes of this ailment. It usually affects young animals; 
 however, old ones are sometimes affected. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a redness of the mouth, with a dripping of 
 saliva. A few days later small white points appear on the membrane of 
 the mouth and these soon begin to break, giving off rather an offensive odor, 
 then the mouth presents a gangrenous appearance. 
 
 TREATMENT.— A change of food is always advisable. The bowels 
 should be moved gently by giving epsom salts or raw linseed oil. Antiseptic 
 and astringent gargles should be applied and as a rule tonics should be given. 
 If diarrhea is present give small doses of opium, lime water and creosote and 
 continue the lime water for a week or ten days. Also give quinine three or 
 four times a day or any of the home tonics that are used by the family. 
 The mouth should be washed out three or four times a day and if it is gan- 
 grenous put one dram of permanganate of potash into twenty ounces of 
 water, or one ounce of carbolic acid into forty ounces of water, or one ounce 
 of coal-tar disinfectant intc^ fifteen ounces of water and swab out the mouth 
 two or three times daily. After using these washes it is a good plan to wash 
 out the movith with warm water. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR STOMATITIS OR INFLAMMA- 
 TION OF THE MOUTH.— 
 
 1. Alum Water. — As a mouth wash use an ounce of alum to a quart 
 of water. Give soft feed only. 
 
 2. Borax. — Dissolve half an ounce of borax in a pint of water and use 
 as a mouth wash. Hard dry feed irritates the mouth so give nothing but 
 soft feed. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE TONGUE— GLOSSITIS.— (See " Cattle 
 Department.") 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Alum.— As a wash use half an ounce of alum to a pint of water. 
 
 3. Borax.— Dissolve an ounce of borax in a quart of water and use 
 as a mouth wash. Nothing is better. 
 
 SLAVERING OR FROTHING AT THI, MOUTH.— This is a con- 
 dition usually brought on by sharp points of the teeth irritating the cheeks 
 or tongue or by giving horses strong irritating drugs which make the mouth 
 sore or by the horse accidentally picking up irritating things. Foreign 
 substances lodged in the mouth or tongue always cause an abnormal flow 
 of saliva and so do some kinds of foods, such as second crop clover. Colts 
 unaccustomed to the bit very often froth at the mouth. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If it is caused by sharp, uneven molar teeth, file off 
 the outer edges of the upper row and the inside of the lower row. If it is 
 caused by a foreign body, remove it. Dissolve one ounce of borax or one 
 ounce of powdered alum or one ounce of baking soda in a quart of water and 
 wash out the mouth three times a day, using not less than i/i pint at a time. 
 Feed the animal a cooling, laxative diet and if your colt slavers on account of 
 the bit when you drive him, let him wear it when not in harness and not eating. 
 
30 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SALIVATION.— 
 
 1. Alum. — Dissolve an ounce of alum in a quart of water and use as 
 a gargle or apply with a sponge or soft cloth. 
 
 IRREGULAR TEETH.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 CAPS ON TEETH.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 DECAYED TEETH— CARIES.— (See " Cattle Department") 
 LAMPAS. — Whenever the gums behind the incisor or nipper teeth are 
 somewhat full and up a little high, either with or without inflammation, it 
 is called lampas. 
 
 CAUSES.^Any irritant that will cause sore mouth will produce a swell- 
 ing of the gums and bars of the mouth ; besides, lampas is always present in 
 three, four and five-year-olds when their permanent teeth are coming in 
 but older horses are not often troubled this way. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — An inflamed condition of the gums and a swollen condi- 
 tion of the bars close to the incisor teeth are the two prominent symptoms 
 of lampas; however, in some cases the gums are quite tender. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Food that is not too stimulating, such as bran mash 
 or vegetables and grass to open the bowels, always assists in reducing the 
 inflammation of the gums. Washing the mouth out three times a day with 
 either borax or alum and water, % ounce of either to a pint of water, or a weak 
 salt solution does good. Never allow any person to burn them, for this is 
 cruel, but I sometimes cut bars with a penknife to allow the serum to 
 escape. Feeding corn to colts that have lampas is a mistake for it only 
 makes them worse. They should be given soft feed. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LAMPAS.— 
 
 1. Alum Water. — Use alum water as a mouth wash. This will be found 
 an efifective remedy. 
 
 THE TONGUE, INJURIES TO.— The tongue is quite likely to su«er 
 from injuries and in many different ways. 
 
 CAUSES. — The tongue may be injured by being cut by sharp teeth, 
 giving, irritating medicine without plenty of water and by foreign bodies 
 lodging in the tongue. I have found rubber rings around the tongue; also 
 hog rings through the lower portion of the tongue of crib-biting horses. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In all cases of sore tongue it is very important that 
 a careful examination of the tongue be made with the hand for if this is not 
 done the cause may not be discovered. If a foreign body is found, remove 
 it at once and wash out the mouth with warm water, then apply any of 
 the home gargles used in human practice; or, dissolve i^ ounce of alum, or 
 ^2 ounce of borax, or one ounce of salt in one quart of water and apply 
 to the tongue three times daily. If the discharge is offensive apply anti- 
 septic washes, such as one part carbolic acid and 99 parts water, or any 
 of the reliable coal-tar disinfectants, making the lotion one part to' fifty of 
 water. 
 
 STRICTURE OF THE CESOPHAGUS.— This is usually the result of 
 choking brought on by continued inflammation of the gullet following the 
 accident. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When passing the probang it moves down easily until 
 it reaches a certain point, there it is passed with difificulty and after more 
 force is used the stricture gives way, then the probang moves along easily. 
 
 TREATME*NT. — As a rule treatment in these cases does not give satis- 
 factory results; however, I have had cases of this kind in valuable animals 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 31 
 
 where I arranged to have the probang passed iaily, increasing the size of 
 the probang until the stricture was dilated and a recovery took place. 
 
 DILATION OF THE (ESOPHAGUS.— This is usually the result of 
 choking caused from a stretching or enlargement of the gullet at a certain 
 point when the accident occurred. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In order to arrive at a correct diagnosis it is often 
 necessary to pass a probang; however, very little can be done for an ailment 
 of this kind more than to give oil when the attack is on and feed sloppy food. 
 When the swelling is high up a pad is sometimes applied to good advantage. 
 CHOKING.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Choking occurs in all animals, but it is perhaps of most fre- 
 quent occurrence among cattle and of course is due to the arrest of some 
 substance swallowed on its way to the stomach and clogging, the gullet, thus 
 preventing the passage of either liquid or solid food from ti.e mouth to the 
 stomach. It is often caused in a simple way as, for instance, was the case 
 with a valuable saddle mare brought to my hospital suffering from choke 
 and in great distress. We cast her, rolled her on her back and extended her 
 head preparatory to passing the probang; however, before doing so I used 
 a mouth speculum and introducing my hand into the back part of the mouth, I 
 picked out a fresh hen's egg. This mare was owned by Judge Williamson, 
 General Counsel of the New York Central Railway Lines. It appears the 
 mare had swallowed the egg while eating mash out of a feed box that a hen 
 had used for a nest. A hungry, greedy animal often takes large mouthfuls 
 and swallows food partially masticated and too dry and therefore chokes. 
 Animals frequently choke on potatoes, apples, turnips or other vegetables, 
 or by picking up pieces of coal, bones or wood. I have known horses to 
 choke by (giving them large dry horse pills. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — One of the first symptoms is uneasiness, coughing, at- 
 tempts at swallowing, spasmodic movements of the neck when attempting 
 to drink water which returns through the nostrils. When cattle are choked 
 there is usually considerable coughing. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all, find out, if possible, the probable cause 
 and if found to be a substance that can be crushed this should be done. 
 If the obstruction is lodged, in the pharynx it can often be removed by the 
 hand, otherwise pushed down with a probang. In cattle this is easily accom- 
 plished, even with a flexible whip handle ; however, in horses it is much more 
 difficult. In some cases I have found it necessary to cut the object out; 
 however, this should be done by a vete /inarian. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CHOKING.— 
 
 1. Fomentations. — Apply hot fomentations just above the choke until 
 the parts are_ relaxed and then work the obstacle loose with the hands. 
 Sweet oil or linseed oil poured down the throat will help. 
 
 2. Soaprsuds. — Pour a liberal quantity of thick soap-suds down the 
 throat. 
 
 3. Hose. — Run a rubber hose down the throat. This should be done 
 with care. 
 
 BOTS (HORSE BOT-FLY).— Bots are th^ result of larvae dropped 
 by the horse bot-fly and usually deposited in the form of a yellow nit that 
 the fly fastens to the hair on some part of the horse, most commonly on 
 the chest and legs. The young larvae are licked off by the horse and taken 
 into the mouth and transferred to different parts of the body, generally 
 
33 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 passing into the stomach wiere they develop and attach themselves to the 
 mucus lining, where they remain until fully developed. The bot is not 
 nearly so dangerous as it is supposed to be. Nearly all horses that are ex- 
 posed to flies have bots and after remaining in the stomach for five or six 
 months come away with the feces and for choice bury themselves in the 
 ground or under Mth and in six or eight weeks become winged bot-flies. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Bots are supposed to do a great deal of harm; how- 
 ever, this is a mistaken idea, for there may be a great many of them in the 
 stomach without even distwrbing digestion very much. Drugs given to harses 
 with bots seldom do much good. Well-groomed horses may be entirely 
 free from them and those that are wiped with a rag that has been satu- 
 rated in kerosene may also be free from them, for kerosene destroys the nits. 
 Applying one pf rt vinegar and two parts water to the horse's coat during 
 the fly season will also destroy the gadfly egg^. By using these home 
 remedies you can very easily prevent your horse from having bots, A favorite 
 remedy is milk and molasses. This is used a great deal. Try giving one- 
 half ounce of turpentine and four ounces of raw linseed oil on an empty 
 stomach every morning until three doses have been given, then give six 
 drams of powdered aloes, twenty-five grains of calomel and two drams 
 ground ginger two hours after giving the last dose. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BOTS.— 
 
 1. Indigo Water. — Make some weak indigo water and drench the 
 horse with it. This will knock the bots. » 
 
 2. Milk and Syrup. — ^tive the horse a drench of a quart oi sweet milk 
 and the same quantity of honey or molasses. The sweetne&s of this drench 
 causes the bots to loosen their hold on the stomach and then an ounce of 
 turpentine given in a pint of raw linseed oil will expel the bots. 
 
 3. Hop Tea. — Drench the horse with a quart of strong hop tea. 
 
 4. Red Pepper Tea. — Give the horse a quart of strong red pepper, tea. 
 This causes the bots to let loose of the stomach and they may then be 
 expelled with a pint of raw linseed oil. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER— HEPATITIS— ALSO CON- 
 GESTION OF THE LIVER.— Congestion of the liver is a very common 
 ailment of horses in warm climates where they feed on luxuriant grasses. 
 Over-feci animals that are idle and kept in badly ventilated stables in low 
 level land in the South are very often sufferers from liver congestion and 
 inflammation of the liver. Inflammation does not by any means always fol- 
 low congestion of the liver. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— In cases of congestion of the liver the animal often 
 appears as though he had been poisoned, very often showing great pros- 
 tration with dull sunken eyes, an anxious face, quick pulse, quick breathing 
 and trembling with violent colicky pains. He frequently looks at the flank, 
 lying down and rising. Tlie mucous membranes are yellow and in some cases 
 there appears to be a slow sort of congestion going on. Upon stril<ing the 
 animal a blow on the right side in the region of the last ribs, he appears 
 tender. The bowels at first may be loose but gradually harden. The appe- 
 tite is usually gone and the legs frequently stock. In some cases the 
 horse shows lameness in the right foreleg. If the lungs or heart are impaired 
 the liver is generally affected to a certain extent; therefore, derangement 
 of the liver is often a symptom of other diseases and diseases of the liver are 
 very difficult to diagnose. 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 3S 
 
 TREATMENT. — A full dose of carthartic medicine should be given but 
 avoid giving calomel when the liver is congested. Gopd results follow giyiog; 
 eosom salts in three or four-ounce doses twice a day and feeding the animal 
 on easily digested food. Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) should be 
 treated very much the same as congestion of the liver, adding mild stimulants 
 and applying light applications of mustard and water over the right side. 
 Give scalded bran and some mixed hay. Carrots and grass are proper foods 
 foi an animal in this condition. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR HEPATITIS OR INFLAMMA- 
 TION OF THE LIVER.— 
 
 1. Bleeding, Etc. — Draw from four to six quarts of blood from^ the 
 jugular vein and give one-half-ounce doses of saltpeter three or four times 
 a day. Feed sparingly and chiefly on bran mashes. 
 
 JAUNDICE— YELLOWS.— Jaundice or " yellows," as it is often called, 
 is the most common disorder of the liver. 
 
 CAUSES.— It is very often the result of debilitating fevers and other 
 diseases ; also, it results from eating too much rich food when idle. It is, no 
 doubt, often the result of a stoppage of tbe bill duct and a torpid condition 
 of the liver; the urine may contain bile. This ailment is very likely to fol- 
 low other diseases of the liver. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If tbere is a stoppage of the duct give twenty grains 
 calomel daily for five . days and if the bowels are blocked give six drams 
 Barljadoes aloes, of course adding two drams ground ginger to the aloes 
 to prevent griping. Giving granulated phosphate soda in warm water daily, 
 or podophyllin occasionally, will help these trases. During the summer 
 rttonths a run to grass is always beneficial. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR JAUNDICE OR YELLOWS.— 
 
 1. Glauber's Salts. — Give two ounces of Glauber's salts once or twice a 
 day for a week. 
 
 CIRRHOSIS. — Cirrhosis is really an induration or hardening of the liver 
 and frequently follows inflammation of the liver. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by feeding a poor quality of food, such as badly 
 cured fodder, after living on rich nutritious food, and in man it is very often 
 the result of long and continued use of alcoholic stimulants. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The same symptoms are present as in other liver dis- 
 orders ; the animal soon becomes greatly eniaciated and shows a rough coat ; 
 the dung smells strong and the membranes are pale. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is difficult to make a correct diagnosis. Give bak- 
 ing soda, one or two ounces ; Glauber's or epsom salts ; or, phosphate of soda 
 in 6 dram doses twice or three times a day. Also give tonics. 
 
 ASCITES, ANASARCA OR DROPSY.— These ailments are the results 
 of other diseases. 
 
 CAUSES. — There is generally quite a quantity of effusion or water 
 in the abdomen and it is usually the result of diseases of the liver or kidneys 
 or chronic peritonitis. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The coat is generally dry and dusty and the horse is 
 hide bound and has an unthrifty appearance. The abdomen is distended and 
 the bowels are irregular. The animal may eat well, but even if he does he 
 loses strength. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Medicine that acts on the kidneys should be given 
 and there is none better than iodide of potassium. Give one or two drams 
 
 3-S 
 
34 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 two or three times a day. Feed nutritious food that is easily digested. If 
 the swelling is not reduced it is good practice to open into the abdomen and 
 allow the water to escape. However, if this becomes necessary you had 
 better have it done by a veterinarian. In mild cases give a tablespoonful of 
 the following compound powder at a dose in feed, three times a day until a 
 recovery takes place. Take equal parts by weight of powdered sulphate 
 iron, ground gentian root, ground ginger and powdered saltpeter. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR ASCITES OR DROPSY OF THE 
 
 ABDOMEN.— 
 
 1. Salts and Saltpeter. — Give either epsom or Glauber's salts and also 
 give one-half-ounce doses of saltpeter. 
 
 LOCO DISEASE. — Loco disease is brought on by eating loco weeds, 
 which bear pods, and as these weeds seem to be a native of the western 
 plains the disease is common in those parts but not met with in other parts 
 of this country. These plants grow to be ten or twelve inches high and are 
 of a gray color and remain green throughout the winter, which accounts for 
 hungry animals eating them and getting into trouble. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — If the animal eats much of the weed he soon begins to 
 lose flesh and he becomes emaciated and usually dies of starvation. In the 
 early stages the animal appears sluggish and moves slowly, the muscles 
 tremble and he gets up with great difficulty. There is considerable trembling 
 of the head and neck with a peculiar anxious expression followed by fits or 
 a sort of delirium. The horse acts somewhat like a horse suffering with 
 blind staggers. This fitty condition is most likely to occur in hot weather, 
 especially if the horse is overheated by work. Cattle as well as horses are 
 affected, but they resist the poisonous effects better. 
 
 TREATMENT.— In talking with chemists they tell me that the loco 
 weed is not very poisonous, but it is almost wholly void of nutrition and 
 hungry animals eating this weed, on account of its greenness and freshness 
 during the winter season, fail to get sufficient nourishment to keep them 
 alive; consequently, animals that are inclined to eat loco weeds should be 
 kept away from_ them and fed other kinds of food and when showing symp- 
 toms of this ailment they should be given two tablespoonfuls of ground 
 gentian, two tablespoonfuls of ginger and two tablespoonfuls of powdered 
 charcoal at a dose in feed two or three times a day. (See treatment for 
 " Indigestion.") 
 
, -~^ 
 
 RESPIRATORY APPARATUS OF THE HORSE. 
 
 3. Nasal chamber. 
 
 4. Tongue. 
 
 5. Pharynx. 
 
 6. Larynx. 
 
 7. Epiglottis, or potlid. 
 
 8. Trachea, or windpipe. 
 
 9. Esophagus, or gullet 
 
 10. Section of left bronchus. 
 
 11. Ramifications of right 
 
 bronchus. 
 
 12. Right lung. 
 
 14. Sternum. 
 
 15. Ribs. 
 
 15a. Section of the left ribs. 
 
 16. Heart. 
 
 17. Posterior aorta (cut off). 
 
 13. Left lung, seen from above. 18. Anterior aorta (cut off). 
 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY OR 
 BREATHING ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Diseases of the Lungs, Bronchial Tubes, Throat, Etc.) 
 
 PNEUMONIA— INFLAMMATION OF THE 1,UNGS.— Pneumonia 
 is an inflammation of the lung tissues and may affect one or both lungs. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by exposure, over exertion and parasites in the 
 lungs and is the result of congestion following chills and other diseases of the 
 higher air passages. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — If it does not follow an acute congestion there may be 
 shivering followed with a hot skin and fever with some cough. The horse 
 stands with the forelegs apart, elbows turned out, nose poked out and as 
 near an open window as possible and he breathes with a sort of moan. By 
 sounding the chest you hear a crackling noise and as the disease procuresses 
 there is some discharge from the nose. When suffering with pneumonia the 
 horse generally stands up, while the cow lies down. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a nice, airy box stall with a south window which 
 is kept open. Apply mustard and water to the sides once a day. The bowels 
 should be kept open but not too loose. Give some aconite or acetanilide to 
 reduce the fever ; also, feed the patient well and after the fever subsides give 
 tonics. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PNEUMONIA OR LUNG 
 
 FEVER. 
 
 1. Whiskey. — Every four or five hours give 6 ounces of good whiskey 
 diluted with a pint of water. If the horse will not eat food and will drink 
 milk, give him 3 or 4 gallons a day with 3 or 4 fresh eggs stirred into each 
 gallon. 
 
 2. Quinine. — Make 1 dram of sulphate of quinine into a ball with a 
 sufficient quantity of linseed meal ,and molasses and give one of these balls 
 every three hours during the height of the fever. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS.— 
 
 1. Whiskey, Brandy, Etc. — Every hour give a quarter of a pint of either 
 whiskey or brandy in a pint of water. Hand rub and bandage the legfs to 
 ■draw the blood to these parts. It is also well to rub the legs thorougfhly 
 with a liniment composed of equal parts of' extract of witch hazel, alcohol, 
 spirits of camphor and water. Use two or three times a day. 
 
 2. Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia and Whiskey. — Give one ounce aro- 
 matic spirits of ammonia and a teacupful of whiskey in a pint of cold water 
 as a drench every two hours until his legs become warm and his body 
 comfortable. 
 
 PLEURISY. — Pleurisy is an inflammation of the membrane which lines 
 "the chest and extends over the lungs. 
 
 CAUSES. — Nearly all the common causes of diseases of the air passages 
 may cause pleurisy, and it is sometimes the result of injury. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is some fever, a quick pulse and a crease extend- 
 
 86 
 
36 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 ing from the elbow to the flank. Pressure between the ribs causes pain. 
 By sounding the lungs a sort of rasping noise is heard. The horse has very- 
 little if any appetite. There is some coughing, but by tapping the chest 
 a hollow sound is caused and there should be no rasping noise heard when the 
 ear is placed to the breast. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The bowels should be opened by giving epsom salts 
 or raw linseed oil and it is also important to apply hot applications to the 
 sides. Mustard and water or home liniments applied twice daily give relief. 
 Water may accumulate in the chest; if so, give digitalis or iodide of potas- 
 sium, or it may be necessary to tap the chest. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. — Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane 
 lining the bronchial tubes. These tubes are formed by the branching of 
 the lower end of the windpipe and they themselves branch in the lungs. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is often the result of an inflammation of the upper air pas- 
 sages when a recovery did not take place, or it may be the result of colds ot 
 exposure. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal breathes with a sort of grunt, refuses food, 
 has a cough and if you listen at the breast a roaring sound is heard. The 
 pulse quickens somewhat and the temperature rises. 
 
 •TREATMENT. — Allow fresh air but keep the body warmly covered 
 and free from draft. Place the horse in a comfortable stable. The breast 
 should be rubbed twice a day with mustard and water or with some 
 good home liniment. Give one dram fluid extract belladonna, one-half ounce 
 tincture of opium and one ounce alcohol in a pint of cold water at a dose 
 three or four times a day. Steam with creosote or carbolic acid twice a day 
 and keep the bowels open. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BRONCHITIS.— 
 
 1. Steaming with Carbolic Acid. — Put a tablespoonful of carbolic acid 
 into a bucket of hot water and have the horse inhale the vapor. In bad 
 cases this treatment should be repeated every hour. Stirring the water 
 will cause it to give off more steam. 
 
 HEAVES— BROKEN WIND.— Heaves in horses is closely allied to the 
 disease asthma in man but the symptoms seem to be much more continuous. 
 
 CAUSES.— Feeding on clover or musty, badly-cured fodder of any kind 
 is likely to bring on heaves ; besides, feeding too much bulky non-nutritiou* 
 fodder and over exertingthe animal when the stomach is very full are com- 
 mon causes of broken wind. Diseases of the lungs sometimes terminate in 
 heaves. This disease sometimes attacks two-year-old colts; however, it is 
 principally a disease of middle-aged or old horses. A horse with a small 
 chest and of delicate constitution is most liable to heaves and it is this kind 
 that seems to come honestly by heaves. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The nostrils usually stand open, the horse has a short, 
 dry cough and a wheezing noise is heard in the throat. There is a sort of 
 double lift to the flanks every time the animal breathes. Nearly every 
 broken-winded horse has more or less indigestion, is inclined to eat far too 
 much, bloats and passes gas and, strange to say, is fond of filthy fodder. 
 The muscles of the body are generally soft and flabby and if put to very 
 hard work it loses flesh. This is perhaps the result of both stomach and 
 lung trouble. The symptoms I have mentioned can be greatly modified by 
 limiting the amount of bulky food and water; also by giving drugs which 
 have a sedative effect. 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 37 
 
 TREATMENT. — If it is possible to ascertain what has caused the heaves 
 and remove that cause the ailment can soon be somewhat relieved, but it 
 is well to limit the amount of bulky fodder and it should be of good quality 
 and all the better if it is wet with lime water. This is made by dropping 
 a pound or two of lime into a bucket of water, pouring off the first' water, 
 then refilling and continuing to refill until the lime is all dissolved. Water 
 will take up only so much lime and no more so there is no danger of making 
 it too strong. Keep the bowels open, give opium, belladonna, digitalis, 
 lobelia, arsenic, stramonium and tar water. If there is much discharge, give 
 one dram sulphate of copper at a dose twice daily. Water before feeding 
 grain. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR HEAVES OR BROKEN WIND.— 
 
 1. Proper Feeding. — Feed corn stalks, moist hay, carrots, beets, pota- 
 toes, etc. The hay should be moistened so as to prevent irritation. For 
 two or three weeks give arsenic in three-grain doses twice a day. Also 
 keep^the boweld open with laxatives. 
 
 3. Phosphorus. — For eight or ten days give 8 or 10 drops of tincture 
 of phosphorus in the drinking water several times a day. 
 
 3. Ear Corn, — Feed nothing but ear corn for six or seven months. One 
 man says he has seen useless horses entirely cuj-ed in this way. 
 
 ROARING. — This, properly speaking, is not a disease but a symptom. 
 It is breathing with a loud and unnatural sound, due to paralysis of the vocal 
 cords and a sweetened condition of the dilator muscles of the larynx. 
 
 CAUSES. — There are many different causes that may produce roaring. 
 M'alformation of the air passages, nasal polypus or a closing of one nostril, 
 will produce the sound, but in a genuine case of roaring the vocal cords 
 and muscles are usually paralyzed or atrophied. Any irritation of the larynx 
 that lasts very long may cause degeneration of the muscular fibres and pro- 
 duce roaring. Strangles (distemper) may terminate in roaring. Tight rein- 
 ing is another cause. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are shown in most cases when the animal 
 is exerted much. In mild cases he may not make much noise but may whistle 
 slightly, which indicates a thickened condition of the mucous membrane of 
 the larynx. A whistle of this kind has a right to cause suspicion for few 
 sound horses make this noise. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Feed a good quality of food and no clover or musty, 
 badly-cured fodder of any kind. Apply home liniments or mustard and water 
 to the throat daily, or apply some iodine ointment. Give one-dram doses 
 iodide potassium twice a day for two or three weeks. When the vocal cord 
 muscles are paralyzed and much atrophied mild remedies do but little good. 
 The operation of tracheotomy is helpful to many or a surgical operation on 
 the throat and removing the vocal cords frequently proves successful. 
 
 HICCOUGHS OR THUMPS— SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM- 
 PALPITATION. — Palpitation is a sudden, violent and convulsive beating of 
 the heart. Palpitation should not be confounded with hiccoughs or thumps 
 for they are the result of a spasm of the diaphragm and not an affection of 
 the heart. The causes are very similar to those that bring on congestion of 
 the lungs and sometimes colic. Place the ear back of the heart and you will 
 soon determine that it is not a heart beat, but a jerking sort of noise back of 
 the heart; besides, the heart sound is usually more feeble. If the spasm is 
 not relieved death may be the result. 
 
38 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply mustard and water directly over the seat of 
 the noise or apply a light blanket wrung out of hot water to the chest and 
 side, covering it with dry blankets and a rubber cover. Give one ounce 
 sweet spirits of nitre, two drams fluid extract opium, twenty-five drops ex- 
 tract of digitalis and one-half dram fluid extract nux vomica in a pint of cold 
 water every two or three hours until relief is obtained. If you have none 
 of this medicine on hand give one-half pint of whiskey and a tablespoonful 
 of ginger in a pint of cold water and repeat it every three hours. Avoid 
 giving the animal large quantities of ice-cold water at a time but give ginger 
 in the feed. He should be fed a moderate quantity of well-cured fodder and 
 grain and exercised moderately for a week or two until he recovers. Also, 
 avoid over exerting him. 
 
 LARYNGITIS— SORE THROAT.— The larynx is situated near the 
 root of the tongue and upper portion of the windpipe and lies between the 
 lower jawbones. Usually, when there is sore throat the larynx and its lining 
 mucous membrane become inflamed. The pharynx, situated at the upper 
 end of the gullet, is usually more or less inflamed also, 
 
 CAUSES. — Exposure to cold winds when in a heated condition or in- 
 haling foul air, dust or poisonous gases are the causes. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is always more or less difficulty in swallowing 
 and when drinking water a portion will often be returned through the nose. 
 There is an increased flow of saliva, sometimes external swelling of the throat 
 an extension of the nose, a reddened appearance of the lining membrane 
 of the nostrils, some rise of temperature, generally a cough, and usually the 
 animal refuses to eat dry feed. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The animal should be placed in a comfortable, clean, 
 dry and well-ventilated stable and if convenient allowed to inhale twice a 
 day some medicated steam; however, this is not always necessary. The 
 animal should be supplied with plenty of cold drinking water and fed braa 
 mash, ground grain and vegetables made moist with warm water. Dissolve 
 one ounce chlorate of potash in one pint of water and inject some into the 
 mouth four or five times a day. It is not good practice to drench a horse 
 that has sore throat for fear that a portion of the drench will go down the 
 windpipe and bring on bronchial pneumonia. Apply one part kerosene 
 (coal oil) and five parts sweet oil or raw linseed oil or lard to the throat 
 once or twice a day; or, apply any good home liniment, such as equal parts 
 aqua ammonia, turpentine and sweet oil. Hot poultices or mustard and 
 water or antiphlogistine or any vegetable poultice will have a tendency to 
 relieve the throat. If an abscess, forms it should be opened and treated as 
 I have directed for abscesses. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PHARYNGITIS OR SORE 
 THROAT.— 
 
 1. Alum Water. — Three or four times a day give a half-ounce dose of 
 alum water which is made by dissolving an ounce of powdered alum in a 
 quart of water. 
 
 2. Borax Water, — Give one ounce of borax water three or four times 
 a day,_ An eflfective remedy. This is made by dissolving one ounce of 
 borax in a quart of water. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PARALYSIS OF THE PHARYNX 
 OR THROAT.— 
 1. Blistering, Etc. — Apply very mild blisters under and behind the 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 39 
 
 jaw and frequently wash the mouth with alum water, using an ounce of 
 alum to a pint of water. Also give one-grain doses of strychnia three times 
 a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR ABSCESS IN THE THROAT.— 
 
 1. Steaming with Hops. — The ripening and discharge of the abscess may 
 be hastened by steaming with hops; or, if no hops are at hand, hay may 
 be used instead. 
 
 MALIGNANT SORE THROAT.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 TRACHEOTOMY.— (Inserting tube in windpipe.)— Tracheotomy con- 
 sists in making on opening into the trachea or windpipe to prevent death from 
 suffocation in acute cases of throat trouble or choking. It is also resorted 
 to with considerable success in roarers where there is a paralysis of the vocal 
 cords or a changed condition of the throat, interfering and making it difficult 
 for a horse to breathe freely. It is a very simple thing to perform this 
 operation ; just open the skin about two inches long, some eight or ten inches 
 from the throat, and if the tube is going to be left in but a short time open 
 one of the rings of th' windpipe or cut out a circular piece, making a hole 
 large enough for the ube. This tube should be clean when it is inserted; 
 also, it should be taken out and cleaned daily. This is best done by boiling 
 the tube for ten minutes or dipping it into a two per cent, solution of carbolic 
 acid and water. I have often found it necessary to perform this operation 
 in severe cases of distemper and sore throat. The operation appears to be 
 difficult; however, it is far from it. If you are unable to secure the serv- 
 ices of a veterinarian and you have a tube, do not hesitate to put it into the 
 horse yourself for you may thus save the life of a valuable animal. 
 
 CATARRH. — Catarrh is a congestion, inflammation or irritation of any 
 mucous membrane of the body. When the membranes of the head are 
 affected it is called " nasal catarrh " and I shall now give causes, symptoms 
 and treatment for this ailment. 
 
 CAUSES. — The most common causes are exposure of thin, weak animals 
 to storms and cold winds and standing in drafts when ill a heated condition 
 and also inhaling dust, smoke and poisonous gases. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — At first when the animal has just taken cold the mucous 
 membrane is dry and parched-like; some hours later a watery discharge 
 takes place, followed some days later by a thick, pus-like mucus. In many 
 cases there is some loss of appetite and slight fever followed by more or less 
 weakness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is important to give the animal good care and pre- 
 vent his catching any more cold. He should be kept in a clean, well-ven- 
 tilated stable and fed well-salted bran mashes and vegetables or any other feed 
 that he craves, for if he has much fever he will refuse grain. I have seen 
 many cases greatly benefited by steaming the head. For this purpose add 
 some creosote or carbolic acid to boiling water, a teaspoonful or two to. a 
 bucket of water. A teakettle is very convenient for this work. Sometimes 
 buildings are fired tJirough carelessness in steaming. Use an alcohol or kero- 
 sene stove or lamp to heat the water and be careful. Give a tablespoonful 
 of the following compound powder at a dose in feed or with a spoon 
 three times a day. Of sulphate iron, ground gentian, ginger and nitrate potash, 
 take equal parts by weight. If the bowels are costive give eight ounces 
 raw linseed oil daily until they open. If the horse coughs much give a 
 
40 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 tablespoonful of laudanum and a teaspobnful of chloroform in three ounces 
 of sweet oil three timfes a day until, the cough is relieved. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CATARRH IN THE HEAD OR 
 HEAVES.— 
 
 1. Western Hay. — Feed western prairie hay with which the resin plant 
 is mixed. 
 
 2. Steaming. — Have the horse inhale steam from a bucket of hot water. 
 The steam should be inhaled five times a day and from fifteen to twenty 
 minutes each time. 
 
 NASAL GLEET. — Nasal gleet is a chronic catarrh of the nose and upper 
 air passages and is usually the result of neglected cases of cold in the head 
 or simple catarrhal fever. 
 
 CAUSES. — Nearly all cases of nasal gleet are the result of fracttires, 
 diseased roots of grinder teeth, diseased "bones, or neglected catarrh. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — This ailment is attended by a nasty discharge from one 
 or both nostrils and is often mistaken for glanders. When the breath is 
 offensive it indicates a diseased tooth or bone. T. S is not a contagious 
 disease. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The most important step to be taken in the treatment 
 of nasal gleet is to ascertain the cause, if it is possible to do so, and remove 
 it. When the discharge comes from a diseased tooth, pulling it out is the 
 remedy. If a bone is diseased, scrape off the diseased part and it wili heal. 
 Dissolve six drams boric acid in a quart of water and wash out nose twice' 
 a day. Give % ounce sulphate iron and two drams nitrate potash in feed 
 twice a day for twenty days ; and, if not then well, give five one-dram doses 
 sulphate of copper in feed three times a day. I have often found it neces- 
 sary to cut (trephine) through the bone of the face in order to wash out the 
 nose and head thoroughly. This is the only way to bring about a recovery 
 in bad cases. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CHRONIC NASAL CATARRH 
 
 OR NASAL GLEET.— 
 
 1. Sulphur. — Burn sulphur in the stable so that the horse will inhale 
 the fumes but be careful not to suffocate the animal. 
 
 3. Lime. — It is well to sprinkle chloride of lime about the stable and 
 to put some under the hay in the manger so that the horse will inhale the 
 fumes while eating. 
 
 3. Copperas. — Give a teaspoonful powdered copperas at a dose in feed 
 two or three times a day, 
 
 MALIGNANT CATARRH.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 CHRONIC COUGH. — Chronic cough very often exists without any 
 apparent or known cause. It may also follow sore throat and may be as- 
 sociated with chest diseases, indigestion, stomach worms, bots, derangement 
 of the pneumogastric nerve, etc. 
 
 CAUSES. — It very often follows distemper, influenza, sore throat, pneu- 
 monia, enlarged glands of the throat and the feeding of badly-cured clover, 
 musty fodder and bulky non-nutritious food that deranges the stomach and 
 digestive organs. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Coughing much without any discharge whatever from 
 the nose or without any apparent cause is sufficient evidence that it is a 
 chronic ailment. Furthermore, if it has lasted long it must necessarily be 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 41 
 
 chronic. By applying slight pressure to the throat the animal will usually 
 hack and cough several times. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is well to keep in mind that every good cough 
 remedy used and prescribed in human practice is equally as effectual in' veter- 
 inary practice. However, the dose should be from six to twelve times as 
 much. Fairly good results follow giving % dram gum camphor, % dram pow- 
 dered digitalis arid % dram powdered opium, at a dose, either in feed or with 
 a spoon two or three times a day. Or, give two drams muriate ammonia, y% 
 dram powdered lobelia and two drams of powdered saltpeter at a dose in 
 feed or with a spoon. Or, dissolve i/^ dram iodide ,potassium in % pint of 
 water and pour over feed twice a day. The same external applications that 
 I have recommended for sore throat should be used occasionally in the treat- 
 ment of chronic cough. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR COUGHS, HEAVES AND ALL 
 
 THROAT AND LUNG TROUBLES.— 
 
 1. Coughs, Heaves, Etc. — Give two tablespoonfuls of powdered licorice, 
 a tablespoonful ground ginger, a teaspoonful powdered digitalis leaves, one- 
 half teaspoon ful powdered lobelia and one-third of a teaspoonful of powdered 
 opium at a dose in damp feed night and morning. Also wet his fodder 
 with lime water, which is made by adding a pound of lime to a bucket of 
 water. Pour off the first water which is a little bitter, then refill and use. 
 
 PNEUMOTHORAX— AIR OR GAS IN THE CHEST.— This is gen- 
 erally due to a changed condition of the liquid, having undergorae some sort 
 of decomposition in the chest. It is also the result of chest punctures or 
 broken ribs. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Whenever fluid, air, or gas can be drawn from the chest 
 this should be done. I have obtained good results by injecting one part 
 carbolic acid and two hundred and fifty parts water into the chest after the 
 operation of tapping. 
 
 HYDROTHORAX— WATER IN THE CHEST— DROPSY OF THE 
 LUNGS. — Hydrothorax is not a disease but a result of other ailments such 
 as pleurisy, pleuro-pneumonia, heart trouble or debilitating diseases. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Whenever water commences to accumulate in the chest, 
 the animal very often seems to revive and appear better; however, the good 
 symptoms are not always lasting for the water must soon be absorbed or the 
 case ends in death. Listen and you can hear a splash in the chest and if 
 there is much water it must be let out or death soon follows. Even tapping 
 very often gives only temporary relief. Give the animal two drams of fluid 
 extract of digitalis and two drams of iodide potassium two or three times daily. 
 
 NASAL POLYPUS. — A nasal polypus is a small tumor in the nostril, 
 very much the shape of a pear or top and it very often interferes with 
 breathing. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is not always easy to tell what causes them ; however, 
 they are often the result of wounds or some foreign substance lodging in 
 the nostril and setting up irritation' which is followed by these growths. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Very often the first symptom is a slight discharge from 
 the nostril and this discharge is frequently mixed with blood. The horse 
 breathes with some difficulty, making a snuffling sort of sound. 
 
 TREATMENT.— These tumor-like bodies should be removed and this 
 
43 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 is best done with a pair of forceps or pincers. When removed they are likely 
 to bleed freely. This hemorrhage is best stopped by applying one part tinc- 
 ture of iron and twelve parts water; or, dissolve two ounces of alum in a 
 pint of water and apply by saturating a sponge or cotton and holding it 
 on the wound. Either hot or cold water will have the same effect. It is 
 well to keep in mind that a nasal polypus should be removed as soon as it 
 is noticed, for the operation is much more easily performed when it is small 
 and there is much less danger from hemorrhage. 
 
DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Diseases of the Kidneys and Bladder.) 
 
 KIDNEY AILMENTS. — Diseases of the urinary organs of horses are 
 not nearly so common as in man. However, we do find them prevailing in 
 certain localities where limestone is abundant and where resinous plants grow ; 
 we also find kidney troubles caused by horses pasturing on damp low lands 
 and by eating a poor quality of fodder. We also find kidney ailments coming 
 on for want of enough water. It is often brought on from giving drugs which 
 act harshly on the kidneys, or from giving diuretic medicine for too long a 
 time. It may result from liver disease. Far too many horse owners have 
 wrong beliefs regarding kidney diseases of the horse for they are not nearly 
 so common as supposed. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The general symptoms of kidney disease, if it is acute, are 
 a straddling gait with the hind legs, tender loins and a straining to pass 
 urine. The urine is either passed with difficulty or it dribbles away. In horses 
 and cattle the urinary organs can very often be examined by introducing the 
 hand into either the bowel or vagina. A certain class of urinary ailments can 
 be diagnosed only by making an examination of the urine. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR RETENTION OF URINE.— 
 
 1. Turpentine. — Mix one part of turpentine with five or six times the 
 quantity of sweet oil and apply to the small of the back once a day. This 
 remedy can be depended upon in every case. 
 
 2. Nitre. — Give one ounce of sweet spirits of nitre every hour until re- 
 lieved and rub the back with spirits of camphor. 
 
 3. Nitre and Spanish Fly. — In severe cases of retention of urine give 1^/2 
 ounces of sweet spirits of nitre mixed with five or ten grains of Spanish Fly. 
 Repeat every hour until relief is obtained. It is also "well to rub the back 
 with a mixture of ginger and mustard. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER— CYSTITIS.— (See " Cattle 
 Department.") 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Borax, Etc. — The bladder should be washed out twice a day with a 
 solution of a dram of borax to a quart of water. Give linseed tea or slippery 
 elm tea in the drinking water. Apply mustard over the loins and to the back 
 part of the abdomen. The diet should be light, such as roots, bran mashes, 
 grass, etc. 
 
 NEPHRITIS— ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS— 
 ALSO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF KIDNEYS.— Inflammation of the 
 kidneys is not a very common ailment in horses and it is not by any means 
 the most common disease of the kidneys. It is most likely to occur in the 
 chronic form and we often find only one kidney involved. 
 
 CAUSES. — Exposure to cold wet rains, sleet, and cold wind storms, 
 especially after an exhaustive drive, causes the animal to chill suddenly after 
 being over-heated. It also follows giving large and r£peated doses of salt- 
 peter, resin and other drugs that act on the kidneys. It sometimes follows 
 
 43 
 
44 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 the application of fly blisters to the loins on account of an absorption of can- 
 tharides. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Very often azoturia is confounded with nephritis. The 
 animal has more or less fever, the heart action is quicker, the animal exhibits 
 some pain, very often turning the nose to the seat of this pain and very often 
 pointing his nose to his kidneys. Uremic poisoning may set in and if so the 
 animal acts as if intoxicated. Pressure applied to the loins is not a reliable 
 test. Passing the hand into the rectum and finding undue heat in the loins 
 leads one to suspect nephritis. In well marked cases casts of the kidney 
 tubes may be discovered in the urine. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all lessen the work on the kidneys by stimu- 
 lating the bowels and skin glands into greater activity. Give fifteen drops of 
 tincture of aconite at a dose four or five times a day. Apply mustard and 
 water to the loins or apply warm antiphlogistine. If the animal suffers much 
 pain give one-ounce doses of laudanum every two or three hours, also give 
 one ounce of hypo-sulphite soda three times a day for four or five days. Feed 
 a good quality of food but not too much of it. 
 DIABETES INSIPIDUS— DIURESIS— PROFUSE STALLING.— 
 
 Excessive secretion of urine is an indication that the animal suffers from 
 diuresis. 
 
 CAUSES. — The reckless use of drugs and dosing of horses with quack 
 nostrums will bring on this ailment; however, feeding musty and badly cured 
 fodder or grain, or bran that has soured and heated is a very common cause. 
 New oats, distillery refuse and plants which act severely on the kidneys brin|f 
 it on. I have seen a whole flock of sheep and all the horses in a large stable 
 suffer from eating badly cured fodder or from eating acrid plants. Exposure 
 to wet and cold, also feeding too much salt and thus irritating the stomach and 
 increasing the thirst will som.etimes bring on this disease. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a frequent passing of a large quantity of pale 
 urine which is of very low specific gravity ; there is a falling off in condition 
 and the horse grows weak and perspires when not exerted very much. The 
 urine has no odor and contains very little solid mater but a great deal of it 
 may be passed in a day. The skin usually becomes dry and harsh, he appears 
 hide-bound and has the appearance of ill health but may live for months. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In the early stages a recovery soon follows a removal 
 of the cause and a change of food. Feed well cured fodder, keep the bowels 
 open, feed no new hay. Give two drams iodide of potassium daily, also give 
 two drams of phosphate of iron, two drams gentian and two drams powdered 
 cinchona at a dose in feed twice a day. Give plenty of hearty food and a 
 recovery will take place much more quickly. In some cases 1 have given 
 creosote with good results ; however, this is not always necessary. If occur- 
 ring in the winter, be sure to ventilate your stable, let in fresh air day and 
 night and keep the stable clean and free from foul gas. 
 
 BLOODY URINE— H.S:MATURIA.—H3ematuria, or blood in the urine, 
 is quite common in cattle and sheep, but not in horses. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is generally the result of a sprain or injury but is sometimes 
 due to calculi or stone in the bladder or kidneys or to fracture of the back- 
 bone. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — If the blood comes away with the urine and pretty well 
 mixed it is generally kidney hemorrhage, but if there are clots it must be com- 
 ing from other parts. 
 
PNEUMONIA OR LUNG FEVER. 
 
 A horse with pneumonia always stands up while a cow with pneumonia always lies down. 
 This six-year-old mare is recovering from a bad attack of pleura-pneumonia. She lost 200 lbs. 
 in weight in 10 days. Note the anxious eye and haggard appearance. Forelegs are held 
 far apart. , ■ i_ i \ 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
 AZOTURIA. 
 
 This 1800-lb. draft mare took Azoturia, became paralyzed, laid in a Cleveland street for 
 four hours, was hauled in an ambulance to Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital, remained down for 
 three days and when photographed was recovering but still weak in left hind leg and swollen on 
 rump. Also a large sitfast (fibrous tumor) was removed from the shoulder while at the hospital. 
 Azoturia is caused by over-feeding and under-exercising. 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 45 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is important to remove the cause. Also change the 
 feed and give a tablespoonful of tincture of chloride of iron in a pint of water 
 two of three times a day, or give a teaspoonful fluid extract ergot two or three 
 times a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Slippery Elm Tea and Lithia. — Give freely of slippery elm tea and 
 then give one-half ounce of lithia. If the discharge is excessive apply cold 
 water to the loins. 
 
 AZOTURIA— PARTIAL PARALYSIS OF HIND QUARTERS.— Azo- 
 turia belongs to the class of dietetic diseases, usually resulting from too gener- 
 ous feeding of concentrated food without giving the horse sufiRcient fresh air 
 and exercise. It may be defined as a hyper-nitrogenous condition of the blood 
 and whole system. This excessive loading of the blood, with nitrogen seems 
 only to take place when the animal is stabled, kept qui^t and over-nourished 
 on grain. When the blood is charged with an excess of nitrogen and carried 
 through the system it seems to be inclined to settle in the myolemma or cover- 
 ings of the deep muscles of the haunch. This seems to cause a partial or 
 complete loss of motor power in the hind quarters. This disease is known by 
 many different names such as azoturia, paralysis, kidney disease, spinal dis- 
 ease, hysteria, enzootic hasmaturia and hsemaglobinuria. However, it is most 
 commonly known by the name of " azoturia." 
 
 CAUSES. — It can be safely stated that this disease is caused by too much 
 albumen and this albumen is produced by over-feeding on grain when the 
 horse is idle and not exercised, and by the kidneys acting in an improper 
 manner. The system seems to load with urea and hippuric acid which are 
 secreted by the liver, and the nervous system, no dovtbt, becomes affected by 
 the urea. Now when the horse is exercised and the blood circulates rapidly, 
 it being highly charged with albumen, it undergoes rapid oxidation, exerting 
 a peculiar affect on the muscles of the back and hind quarters and causing 
 either partial or complete loss of motion. It is supposed to be a disease of 
 the kidneys or spinal cord but this is not correct for it is more nearly a disease 
 of the liver ; the liver fails to transform albuminoids into urea and fills up the 
 gland and the circulating fluid with partially oxidized products which pass off 
 later by the kidneys. Quick or violent exercise is far more likely to bring on 
 an attack than moderate or slow exercise. The urea no doubt acts upon the 
 nerves, bringing on a spasm of the muscles of the hind quarters. When the 
 stpmach and bowels are very full and the horse put to fast or hard work this 
 d'isease soon develops, especially if his kidneys are not active and the bowels 
 are costive. Azoturia may occur at any season of the year ; however, it is 
 much more common in the cold winter months than in summer; as a rtile, a 
 rest of a day or two or more is required to bring it on. It rarely comes on 
 without exercise ; however, I have known it to occur without it. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms of azoturia are unlike those of other dis- 
 eases and are very plain. After a few days rest the horse is brought out of the 
 stable, having been well fed on grain and not, exercised. He seems in fine 
 spirits, but before going far he becomes dull and sluggish, perspires freely, 
 shows some stiffness in the loins and hind quarters and steps as though 
 walking on a rolling stone. The animal walks stiff; knuckles on the fetlock, 
 usually worse on one than the other and soon becomes so crippled that he can 
 go no further. He then either remains standing still or falls down, suffering 
 great pain. His pulse quickens and he frequently rolls, very often making un- 
 
46 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 successful efiforts to get up. He is able to do so in front but is partially para- 
 lyzed behind and is only able to rise part way up. The muscles of the haunches 
 contract firmly and generally enlarge. Azoturia occasionally affects the fore 
 quarters and not the hind limbs. This form I do not regard as being nearly 
 so fatal. When the loin muscles are much involved the animal suffers the 
 most pain. This form is quite often thought to be broken back ; however, if 
 you will inquire into the history of the case you will soon learn it is a case of 
 azoturia and not fractured back. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all let me say this is a preventable disease but 
 not by any means always curable. This being the case, why should horse 
 owners waste their feed on idle horses when the food is only acting as a 
 slow poison? It is unnecessary to feed idle horses more than one-quarter the 
 quantity of grain which they require when doing full work. Thin horses 
 seldom suffer from azoturia. Clear out the bowels promptly by giving a full 
 dose of cathartic medicine. Aloes five drams, podophylin % dram and ginger 
 2 drams may be given at one dose, either in pill form or as a drench. Or, 
 give one quart of raw linseed oil ; or give epsom or Glauber's salts. Also give 
 copious injections of soap suds with oil added. Give %-ounce doses of bromide 
 of potash every four hours. Draw off the urine if the horse is unable to pass 
 it ; here is where many geldings are ruined. It is easy work to pass a catheter 
 in the mare but not always so with a gelding. I find in most cases the animal 
 will pass his water if let alone. Hot applications to the back and loins are 
 very beneficial. It is of the utmost importance to keep the horse from going 
 down ; therefore, if the animal were stopped and stabled when the attack first 
 comes on, few deaths would result. If the horse ge;ts down, try to keep him 
 from lying flat ; prop him up, hand rub his cold legs and ears, cover body with 
 enough blankets to keep him warm and rub his back with mustard and water 
 or some good home liniment. Let him drink plenty of water but it should 
 not be too cold. Keep him quiet and comfortable. When the proper time 
 comes, I have used slings to good advantage, but it does harm to sling a 
 horse that is wholly unable to stand alone. The bowels, kidneys and skin 
 should be kept moderately active while the animal is recovering and the 
 horse should be fed sloppy mashes, some vegetables, and well cured hay or 
 grass. In conclusion let me say — Exercise all heavy breeds of horses, be sure 
 they have fresh air to breathe and when idle are fed not more than one-fourth 
 or one-third the amount of grain required when working. Stop immediately 
 when you notice your horse showing dullness, perspiring freely and crippling 
 •behind when going slow soon after leaving the stable, and especially if he 
 has been in the stable resting for two or more days. By observing what I 
 have said you need have no fear of losing any horse with this fatal ailment. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR AZOTURIA.— 
 
 1. Hot Fomentations, Etc, — First give a dose of from 4 to 6 drams of aloes 
 and then give 4 drams of bromide of potassium mixed with an ounce of sweet 
 spirits of nitre. The nitre and potassium may then be given every five or six 
 hours if required to quiet the nervous excitement. Also apply hot water fo- 
 mentations over the loins. The horse should be stopped immediately when 
 an attack of azoturia comes on. 
 
 GRAVEL— CALCULI— STONE IN THE BLADDER.— (" See Cattle 
 Department.") 
 
 INCONTINENCE OF URINE— ENURESIS.— (See "Cattle Depart- 
 ment.") 
 
/ 1 i 
 
 Vertebro-Sacral Presentation. 
 
 Lumbo-Sacral Presentation. 
 
 POSITIONS OF FOAL AT BIRTH. 
 (Normal Presentations.) 
 
DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS OF 
 BOTH THE HORSE AND MARE. 
 
 (Including Foaling and Its Attending Difficulties.) 
 
 BARRENNESS. — Failure to breed is quite often due to an acid secretion 
 of the genital organs or it follows a retention of the afterbirth or is the result 
 of infection where the germs of contagious abortion have been pjcked up. 
 It may also be on account of an abnormal condition of the sexual organs of 
 either male or female. An acid condition of the womb and vagina is quite 
 common in mares and cows and when it exists conception will not as a rule take 
 place. Animals that suffer from infectious abortion germs have a catarrhal 
 inflammation of the womb and vagina; therefore, they are not so likely to 
 become pregnant as well animals, and if they do', are likely to have a mis- 
 carriage. Old animals are often barren and some young ones because of ex- 
 cessive service. Closing of the neck of the womb prevents many mares from 
 getting with foal. The standing wide open of the neck of the womb prevents 
 some mares remaining pregnant. Any unnatural discharge coming from the 
 womb generally prevents conception and also irritates the neck of the womb 
 and is inclined to grow worse if not corrected. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If it is due to an acid condition, dissolve one ounce of 
 baking soda in a quart of clean water and wash out the vagina daily for two 
 weeks or longer; or, put a tablespoonful of carbolic acid into three pints of 
 water and wash out the vagina daily until she gets with foal, but do not mate 
 the mare until you know she is well and has been opened within a few hours 
 before she is bred. In opening the neck of the womb use clean hands with 
 finger nails cut short, or use a rubber glove ; or, use a steel sound, which is the 
 best. The yeast treatment is quite effective in curing barrenness in horses and 
 cattle when the disorder is due to an acid condition of the genital tract. The 
 solution is made as follows. Put two heaping teaspoonfuls of yeast into a 
 pint of boiled water, set the solution near the stove or in the sun and maintain 
 at a temperature of about 70 degrees, for four or five hours ; then add three 
 pints of boiled water and keep it warm for five or six hours. By this time the 
 solution will have a milky appearance and is ready for use. Flush the parts 
 first with warm water, then inject the yeast. The animal should be mated 
 from two to six hours after the vagina has been washed out with clean warm 
 water and the yeast mixture applied. I have prescribed this treatment to a 
 great many horse and cattle breeders who have tested its merits to their 
 satisfaction. However, in cases where the animal does not come in heat it has 
 no value. For such give twenty grains of powdered cantharides or one dram 
 of tincture of cantharides at a dose in feed night and morning. This medicine 
 I have found acts as well as any in stimulating the generative organs into 
 action, but it is by no means a reliable remedy. 
 
 ABORTION— MISCARRIAGE— SLINKING OF FOAL.— This consists 
 of the expulsion of the foetus, generally before it can live, from the womb 
 (uterus) ; however, the word " abortion " is used wrong many times in speak< 
 
 47 
 
48 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 ing of mares or animals which miscarry before the proper time for parturition 
 arrives. 
 
 CAUSES. — Injuries of many kinds may produce abortion. Among the 
 causes are blows or pressure on the abdomen, disease "of the abdominal walls, 
 acute indigestion, slips, falls, exhaustion, weakness, influenza, severe exer- 
 tion, too active cathartics, death or deformity of foetus, ergotized food, smutty 
 feed, impure water, germs in the uterine tract and also fright and bad odors. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In the early stages of gestation it may take place without 
 warning and no person know of it, for it does not make the animal very sick. 
 The animal coming in heat again is of course evidence that she has aborted. 
 A swelling of the external generative organs and a filling of the udder should 
 prove a sort of warning. A discharge from the vagina during pregnancy is 
 an indication that the mare may have had a miscarriage. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Prevent as many of the causes which I have mentioned 
 as possible and it will go a long way toward preventing abortion. When it 
 follows an accident that is not too severe the animal soon recovers, even if 
 very little is done in the line of treatment other than good care. The most 
 important thing to consider is whether the miscarriage is due to infection or 
 injury. If an infectious kind be in your stable, disinfectants should be used 
 freely to stamp out the contagion and remember that cows and sheep very 
 often infect mares. If the bowels are too loose and the labor pains come on 
 without much relaxation, give one ounce of tincture of opium at a dose three 
 times a day. If she loses her colt, burn it; wash stalls with one part carbolic 
 acid to fifty parts water and also spread copperas on the floors; or, dissolve 
 the copperas in water and sprinkle it on stalls and floors. Let her pass two or 
 three periods of heat before having her served. Give tonics such as iron, gen- 
 tian and ginger. 
 
 SPAVma. -- (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 LEUCORRHEA— WHITES.— This is a disease affecting the mucous 
 membrane of the uterus (womb) and sometimes of the vagina. Whenever 
 there is an outpouring of a milky-looking discharge from the vagina there is 
 always a sort of sub-acute inflammation of the parts which may be the result of 
 a slight irritation caused by a retention of a portion of the placenta or after- 
 birth. The disease is most common in old and debilitated animals. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is always a white discharge issuing from the vulva, 
 enough in many cases to soil the thighs. Ovarian diseases sometimes give 
 rise to leucorrhea. In some cases large quantities of mucus accumulate in 
 the uterus and come away when the animal is exercised. This is especially 
 likely to be the case if the animal stands with the forefeet a little lower than 
 the hind ones. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment of leucorrhea should be both constitu- 
 tional and local and the food should be highly nutritious, easily digested, laxa- 
 tive in character and liberal in quantity. Give three drams powdered sulphate 
 iron, two drams of ground gentian and one-half dram of iodide of potassium 
 at a dose in feed three times a day. Dissolve two drams permanganate of 
 potash or two ounces of carbolic acid in a gallon of tepid water and daily 
 wash out the uterus and vagina with the aid of a rubber tube and funnel. Or, 
 dissolve one-quarter pound of alum or two ounces of sulphate of zinc in a 
 gallon of water and use in the same way. It is well to keep m mind that afte.- 
 using active astringents for a few days the solution should be gradually 
 weakened by adding water. There are many other excellent remedies, both it» 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 49 
 
 the line of tonics and astringents, that are sometimes as good as those I have 
 mentioned, but they are more expensive. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE VAGINIA— VAGINITIS.— (See " Cattle 
 Department.") 
 
 METRITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB.— Metritis or in- 
 flammation of the womb is not a very common ailment of the mare but is quite 
 common with cows. 
 
 CAUSES. — When inflammation of the womb occurs in the mare it often 
 follows using force or the improper use of instruments when assisting in the 
 delivery during parturition and it may come from an invasion of micro-organ- 
 isms which make their way into the uterus soon after foaling or it sometimes 
 results from exposure and want of proper care. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The mare shows more or less uneasiness, exhibiting a 
 disposition to paw and to lie down and roll. She keeps the back somewhat 
 arched and the temperature always goes up. There isj generally loss of appe- 
 tite but great thirst. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is generally good practice to give twenty drops of 
 tincture of aconite in some cold water every three hours until the fever re- 
 duces ; or, giving one dram of acetanilide every four hours will also reduce the 
 fever; or, give % ounce of saltpeter three times a day in the water. The 
 pain should be subdued by giving tincture of opium (laudanum) in one-ounce 
 doses every two hours until relieved. Or, give one dram fluid extract bella- 
 donna every two hours ; or, give three grains morphine hypodermically. The 
 latter will act quickly in relieving the pain and it should be repeated if neces- 
 sary. Mustard and water applied over the back and around the flanks and 
 abdomen are helpful. Liniments are also proper remedies but severe blisters 
 are not necessary. The womb should be washed out with one part carbolic 
 acid, two parts glycerine and fifty parts water which is of the same heat as 
 the body. Any of the coal-tar disinfectants put into forty parts water will 
 help. Or, dissolve two ounces sugar of lead in one gallon of tepid water and 
 use twice daily. It is well to remember that the mare is more easily hurt 
 during parturition than the cow; therefore, avoid using much force and be 
 sure if you use instruments to have them perfectly clean. Also, the hands of 
 the operator should be clean and his nails should be cut short and be made 
 smooth. 
 
 RUPTURE OF THE WOMB.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 EVERSION OF THE UTERUS OR WOMB.— This consists in the 
 womb turning inside out and protruding through the vagina. It most fre- 
 quently follows foaling when the after-pains continue. Or, it may be caused 
 by the animal's standing with the hind parts too low. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The womb should be kept clean and this is best done 
 by placing a sheet under it. Place her hind parts twelve or fifteen inches 
 higher than the fore parts or even higher than this; if she strains much give 
 one-ounce doses of chloral-hydrate every two hours until she becomes quiet. 
 Or, give one-ounce doses of tincture of opium every thirty minutes until she 
 ceases to strain. Be sure that the afterbirth is not attached to the uterus 
 when the parts are returned to place. Also notice that the womb is not rup- 
 tured for if this is the case it should be stitched carefully with catgut and 
 treated with antiseptic washes. A surcingle should be placed around the 
 flank of the mare and she should be fed nutritious and easily digested, but not 
 too much, bulky food, and should be kept in a position with ihe forefeet several 
 
 3^ 
 
60 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 inches lower than the hind ones. It is very often necessary to put a few 
 stitches in the upper part of the vulva and leave them in a few days. Besides, 
 she should be given opium, chloral, belladonna or morphine to keep her from 
 straining. Sometimes in returning the everted womb a rupture of the womb 
 or vagina is made unless it is done cautiously. This occurs as a result of push- 
 ing too hard against the everted parts with the ends of the fingers instead of 
 the flat of the hand or fist. 
 
 EVERSION OF VAGINA.— This consists in a turning out of the vagina, 
 caused very often by standing with the hind feet considerably lower than the 
 fore ones and also by crowding the bowels too full. Constipation is another 
 common cause of eversion. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Place the mare in a position in which the hind parts are 
 not less than four or five inches higher than the fore parts. Limit her supply 
 of bulky food and dissolve one ounce of alum and one-half ounce of sugar of 
 lead in a quart of warm water and apply to the everted parts ten or twelve 
 times a day. Or, apply one part carbolic acid and fifty parts water three or 
 four times a day. The parts should be returned to place without injuring them, 
 a few stitches taken in the upper part of the vulva to hold them in place, a 
 surcingle applied to the flanks and it may be necessary to give her ounce 
 doses of laudanum to prevent straining. 
 
 CLEANING— REMOVING PLACENTA OR AFTERBIRTH.— When 
 mares foal too early, the result of injury or infectious abortion, they do not 
 always clean properly, the afterbirth remaining inside the womb with perhaps 
 a portion hanging out of the vagina. If tiie bowels are not open give one piiit 
 of raw linseed oil and one dram of fluid extract of belladonna, one dose only. 
 Or, give injections of warm soap suds to empty the rectum, but if her bowels 
 are moderably moist do not give more than one-half pint of oil and in some 
 cases it is best to give none. If the afterbirth does not come away in twenty- 
 four hours, remove it with clean hands, but the operator should have no sharp 
 nails and the hand should be smeared with one part of carbolic acid and 
 twelve parts of sweet oil. Also, give the mare twenty drops of carbolic acid 
 and a teaspoonful of powdered saltpeter at a dose once a day for ten days 
 and if a discharge continues inject one part carbolic acid and fifty parts , 
 water, or, dissolve one ounce of alum in a quart of water and inject once a 
 day until she is well. 
 
 AFTER-PAINS FOLLOWING FOALING.— There are cases where the 
 labor pains continue after the foal has been expelled from the womb, and in 
 order to avoid making mistakes in giving quieting drugs you should pass the 
 hand into the uterus and ascertain whether or not there is another colt in the 
 womb and if this is the case allow the pains to continue until the foal is ex- 
 pelled, then perhaps it will be necessary to give a stimulant, such as whiskey or 
 wine. But if the after-pains are the result of nervousness, give one-half ounce 
 doses of chloral-hydrate in one-half pint of cold water every hour or oftener 
 until the mare gets relief. Or, give one ounce of tincture of opium (lauda- 
 num), one-half ounce of fluid extract of ginger and four ounces of whiskey in 
 a pint of cold water every hour until pain ceases. Cover her back and loins 
 with plenty of clothing. If the womb tends to evert place her hind quarters 
 a foot higher than the fore parts ; or, stitch the upper part of the vulva and 
 apply a surcingle around the flank. 
 
 BLEEDING AFTER FpALING— FLOODING.— Considerable hemor- 
 rhage sometimes follows foaling on account of the womb's being injured or 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 51 
 
 everted and its failure to contract after its relaxed state. By passing the hand 
 into the uterus it will be found full of blood clots. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Give one-ounce doses of fluid extract of ergot every 
 thirty or sixty minutes until bleeding ceases, but be sure to use fresh ergot 
 for this drug becomes worthless after it is about a year old. 
 
 DROPSY— SWELLING OF THE BELLY BEFORE FOALING.— 
 This is a condition that exists very often in brood mares and commences three 
 or four weeks before foaling time and many very good mares are troubled 
 in this way without showing the slightest symptoms of disease. It is a result 
 of improper elimination of the fluid from the body. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give the mare more exercise, change her feed, keep her 
 bowels moist by feeding some well-salted bran mashes or vegetables, also 
 give one-ounce doses of either fluid extract of buchu or powdered buchu 
 in her feed once or twice a day before foaling and continue the treatment for 
 a few days after foaling. 
 
 GARGET— MAMMITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE UDDER.— 
 Mammitis, inflammation of the udder, or garget, is when an inflammation 
 takes place in the glands that secrete the milk. 
 
 CAUSES. — The common causes are injuries, the colt not sucking properly, 
 lying on cold damp ground, or bacterial infection through the teat »pening. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Either one or both sides of the udder become h®t,, tender 
 and inflamed; a watery fluid is passed instead of milk; the mare walks with 
 a straddling gait and sometimes she loses her appetite and has fever. In some 
 cases pus comes from the udder and in other cases an abscess forms in the 
 bag, requiring opening. 
 
 TREATMENT.— /If her bowels are costive, give one-quarter pound of 
 epsom salts every six hours until they open. Give one dram of fluid extract of 
 belladonna and ten drops of tincture of aconite four or five times a day; also 
 give her a teaspoonful of powdered saltpeter twice a day. Foment the bag 
 with hot water and apply equal parts of extract of witch hazel, spirits of cam- 
 phor, alcohol and sweet oil ; or, apply hot linseed oil. I frequently give them 
 two-dram doses of fluid extract of Phytolacca root (poke) three times a day 
 and apply extract of Phytolacca one part and vaseline eight parts to udder 
 twice a day. In giving this drug, large doses very often act the best and three 
 or four times the quantity I have prescribed may be given with safety. How- 
 ever, giving two drams every two or three hours is a better way to medicate 
 than to give large doses once or twice a day. 
 
 MILK FEVER— PUERPERAL FEVER.— This is technically called 
 " puerperal fever " and is a sort of fever occurring two or three days after 
 foaling. It is always made worse by too much exercise, over exertion or ex- 
 posure to storms. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is an increase in temperature, quick pulse, quick 
 breathing, cold ears and legs, costive bowels and highly colored urine. The 
 udder is inclined to be inflamed and to secrete very little, if any, milk. This 
 ailment is most likely to affect a mare after having had her first colt. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Place the mare in a warm, comfortable place, bandage 
 her legs, clothe her body and treat her much the same as for mammitis. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM THE NAVEL.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE NAVEL URINE DUCT.— (See " Cattle 
 Department.") 
 
53 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 URINE DISCHARGED THROUGH THE NAVEL.— (See "Cattle De- 
 partment.") 
 
 JOINT ILL.— (See "Cattle Department.") 
 
 GONORRHEA— GLEET— INFLAMMATION OF THE URETHRA. 
 
 — This ailment often follows as a result of irritants in the urine which were 
 taken by the mouth, from excessive copulation, connection with a newly de- 
 livered female or one that has other infectious ailments, or from injury. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is swelling and soreness in the sheath and the 
 horse evinces pain while passing urine. There is also a discharge of white 
 mucus and if the membranes are examined they present a fiery and inflamed 
 appearance. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply hot fomentations, give a light dose of physic and 
 foment the parts with hot water and when suppuration takes place use a 
 soothing or astringent injection such as is made by dissolving two drams of 
 permanganate of potash or two ounces of sugar of lead, or one ounce of 
 sulphate of zinc, or one hundred grains of nitrate of silver, in a gallon of 
 water and use any one of these lotions twice a day. Also, give one-half-ounce 
 doses of citrate of potash or the same quantity of lithia at a dose two or three 
 times a day. Feed sparingly of vegetables, but give mostly grain and well 
 Cured fodder. In the male a stricture may occur from the use of too active 
 astringents in the early stage of this disease. When this occurs it causes 
 great pain in urinating and should be relieved by passing catheters or sounds 
 of different sizes daily until the strictured portion of the urethra is dilated." 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLES— ORCHITIS.— (See " Cattle 
 Department.") 
 
 NYMPHOMANIA.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 CASTRATION. — Castration is usually performed during the months of 
 spring and autumri, for it should not be done in zero weather or during the 
 ■ fly season. One year old is a good age to change colts and if it is done earlier, 
 all the better, for they mind it less than when older. However, the testicles 
 are not alvvays down in th^ scrotum much before the age of twelve months 
 and sometimes they are later in descending. It is not necessary to throw a 
 colt or even an old stallion to castrate him, unless he is a ridgling or is ruptured. 
 A twitch should be placed on the nose or a war bridle put on him and if neces- 
 sary the forefoot should be held up by an assistant or the hind legs hoppled 
 above the hocks, leaving the connecting strap twelve or fourteen inches long. 
 This will prevent his kicking you but should you be an experienced operator 
 it is never necessary to go to this trouble for it requires only a ininute or two 
 to complete the operation. The scrotum should be- washed off with soap and 
 water. Then apply either alcohol or one part carbolic acid and thirty parts 
 water. The instrument as well as the hands of the operator should be 
 clean. Now, if not cast, make r. bold "incision exposing the testicle and it is 
 wise to take out the smaller one first, cutting it off with the emasculator or 
 ecraseur. There are many different methods of castration, such as actual 
 cautery or burning off the cord with a red hot iron ; ligature, which means to 
 tie the end of the cord or artery to prevent bleeding; torsion, which consists 
 in twisting off the cord and applying caustic clamps to prevent hemorrhage. 
 The ocraseur or emasculator is preferable to the other nientioned methods. I 
 have castrated thousands of valuable animals and employed every known 
 method, doing it whichever way the owner requested, but if left to my choice, 
 I always use the emasculator and seldom throw a colt down if both testicles 
 
CASTING A HORSE. 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
 RESTRAINING A VICIOUS HORSE WHILE CLIPPING. 
 
 The hopples on hind legs prevent kicking and the horse is subdued by the twitch 
 on nose and war bridle on head. Picture shows operator clipping horse with electric 
 machine. (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 53 
 
 are down and he is sound and normal. The only argument in favor of operat- 
 ing while standing is to prevent accident in throwing and this is not great. 
 
 RIDGLINGS.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 TROUBLES FOLLOWING CASTRATION.— There is always more or 
 less pain and always some swelling of the scrotum but if there be no loss of 
 appetite and not much fever, pay no attention to the colt or horse. The 
 wound should be opened and some carbolic lotion (one part carbolic acid to 
 thirty of water) applied daily. Or, apply iodoform and boric acid in eqnal 
 parts daily. There will always be some suppuration, some adhesions, perhaps 
 some secondary hemorrhage and, if extensive, it may be necessary to cast 
 the colt or horse and grab the end of the cord with forceps and, after pulling 
 out the cord, tie the artery with catgut or very fine silk. Peritonitis may follow 
 the operation from exposure ; or, if the operation has not been done properly, 
 tetanus, or lockjaw, sometimiCS follows this operation, but if iodoform gauze 
 be placed in the wound and cleanliness observed at the time of the operation 
 very few would have lockjaw following castration. Hernia is another ail- 
 ment which follows castration and when it occurs treat it surgically. Abscess 
 in the scrotum often follows and is easily treated. Open the parts freely and 
 inject with one part carbolic acid and fifty parts water twice a day. Scirrhous 
 cord often follows leaving the cord too long from the use of clamps in cas- 
 tration. The cord adheres to the skin of the scrotum and is not released and 
 a tumor grows on the end of the cord which, when cut oflf, soon gets well. 
 This is not by any means a difficult operation unless the tumor has attained 
 very large proportions. Then it is difficult to stop the bleeding. However, 
 if the operator is energetic and cautious he will be fairly successful. I re- 
 member of removing a very large 7-pound tumor from the trotting horse 
 " Clingstone " which cost Mr. W. J. Gordon twenty thousand dollars. He 
 made a perfect recovery and trotted several seasons afterwards, going faster 
 than he had before and Mr. Gordon refused an offer of fifty thousand dollars 
 from Mr. W. H. Vanderbilt of New York City. 
 
 SWELLING AFTER CASTRATION.— If a colt swells but little after 
 castration and if- there is but little suppuration with no loss of appetite, the 
 case is usually doing nicely, but if the scrotum swells badly and the animal 
 loses its appetite treatment should be prescribed. 
 
 CAUSES. — By using dirty hands and instruments and by lack of general 
 cleanliness during the operation the parts are often infected, setting up con- 
 siderable inflammation. Besides, it also follows keeping the animal in filthy 
 quarters after he is castrated. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the bowels open and the kidneys active. Open 
 the wound in the scrotum with your finger but be sure the hand is clean and 
 dipped in carbolized oil or disinfectant. Inject one part carbolid acid and 
 thirty parts water into scrotum twice a day, also give a teaspoonful of pow- 
 dered saltpeter twice a day. Fomenting the scrotum with hot water relieves 
 the pain. Be sure to keep the colt in a clean stable or let him run out to 
 pasture. 
 
 BLEEDING AFTER CASTRATION.— More or less bleeding always 
 occurs after castration. The blood may come from veins in the scrotum or 
 from the artery of the cord ; if from the veins the blood is dark colored, but 
 if from the artery it is of a bright red and comes away in jerks, shooting out 
 with more force than if from a vein. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Lay a wet blanket over the loins and dash cold water on 
 
54 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 and into the scrotum. Sometimes, pouring 'cold water on the loins stops it 
 quickly. Stand the colt or horse with the forefeet lower than the hind ones. 
 Dissolve four ounces of sugar of lead in a gallon of water and inject into the 
 scrotum or dissolve one ounce each of alum and copperas in a pint of cold 
 water and inject into the scrotum ; then pack the scrotum with cotton satur- 
 ated with either of these lotions, removing the cotton next day. If the blood 
 comes from the artery place a twitch or twist on the colt's nose and reacfe 
 for the cord and tie a silk thread on the artery and this will stop bleeding. 
 Injecting eqiial parts of Monsell's solution of iron and water, or injecting 
 adrenalin into the scrotum generally stops bleeding. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Bleeding from Castration.— 
 
 1. Salt Water and Vinegar. — Wash thoroughly with salt water and then 
 apply vinegar. 
 
 2. Cold Water. — Dash cold water upon the parts. This will frequently 
 stop the bleeding. 
 
 3. Muriate of Iron. — Wet pledgets of tow in muriate of iron and stufif 
 into the canal. 
 
 4. Cold Pack on Back. — Place a wet towel or two on his loins and keep 
 them wet with cold water. 
 
 5. Tying. — Tie a string tight around the tail. 
 
DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 
 
 (Including Scratches, Grease Heel, Mange, Surfeit, Hide-Bound, Warts, Etc.) 
 
 SCRATCHES— MUD FEVER— CRACKED HEELS.— This is a con- 
 dition common among race horses, affecting runners, trotters and pacers. It 
 may be defined as an inflammation or irritation of the skin, brought on by 
 washing or showering the legs with cold water or dirty soap suds. The 
 heavy breeds of horses are no doubt more liable to cracked heels than the 
 lighter breeds that are not subjected to the exciting causes. The disease 
 usually affects white legs first and is more likely to occur in the hind ones. 
 
 CAUSES. — Cracked heels follow washing the legs or exposing them to 
 wet and filth without giving them proper care after a drive or a hard day's 
 work. Heat and cold, acting alternately, seem to have a strong tendency to 
 chap the skin. Friction is another cause or the application of strong irri- 
 tating drugs. It is an ailment that seldom affects horses that have proper care. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Usually the heels show a reddened appearance followed 
 by swelling and small cracks and the skin exudes a fluid and the animal 
 travels stiff. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the animal suffers much pain apply hot water and 
 hot packs or poultices of linseed meal, boiled turnips or antiphlogistine 
 which will allay the irritation. Dissolve one-quarter pound of sugar of lead, 
 two ounces of sulphate of zinc and one ounce of powdered sulphate of copper 
 in a gallon of water and apply to sore heels three times a day. Or, apply 
 one part carbolic acid and thirty parts water and if the sores appear to be 
 malignant and tardy in healing apply one part carbolic acid and fifteen parts 
 water. In cases where the heels are dry and chapped some apply one part boric 
 acid, one part powdered alum and five parts lanolin twice a day. The animal 
 should be fed 'cooling laxative diet and if you believe his blood is bad give 
 one dram iodide potassium at a dose two or three times a day. If the hair 
 sheds, leaving the heel bald, apply one part boric acid and six parts vaseline 
 daily. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SCRATCHES.— 
 
 1. Carrot Poultices. — Wash the parts thoroughly with warm soft water 
 and castile soap, rinse with clear water, dry with a cloth and then apply a 
 poultice of scraped carrots. Repeat this twice a day. 
 
 2. Turnip and Charcoal Poultices. — Clean the parts with castile soap and 
 water and then apply a poultice of boiled turnips which have been mashed 
 and thickened with powdered charcoal. 
 
 3. Glycerine and Sulphur. — At night apply a paste made of sulphur and 
 glycerine, using just enough glycerine to give it a glossy appearance. In 
 the morning apply glycerine alone. So continue until cured. 
 
 4. Blue Vitriol, Alum, Vinegar, Etc. — To a quart of cider vinegar add 
 an ounce each of copperas, nut gall, blue vitriol and alum. Warm this until 
 dissolved and apply lightly to the affected parts once a day. Keep the bowels 
 open with epsom salts. 
 
 55 
 
56 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 5. White Lead and Linseed Oil. — Soften some white lead with linseed 
 oil and, after washing and rubbing dry the affected parts, apply the lead and 
 oil and repeat each night until cured. 
 
 6. Ointment for Scratches. — To an ounce each of vaseline and sugar of 
 lead add 30 drops of carbolic acid and make into an ointment. Always cleanse 
 the parts thoroughly with warm water and castile soap and then dry before 
 applying the ointment. 
 
 GREASE HEEL. — This is a disease showing itself generally on the hind 
 heels of the horse and producing an irritation of the parts which soon in- 
 volves the hair-follicles and sebacious glands which soon give off a discharge. 
 Heavy breeds of horses are much more likely to be affected than the lighter 
 breeds. Some veterinarians are inclined to believe this ailment contagious 
 and to be caused by the presence of a parasite; however, this has not yet 
 ,been proven to my satisfaction, but it is well to keep in mind that it may 
 be communicated from one to another. 
 
 CAUSES. — The causes of grease heel are both exciting and predisposing. 
 The exciting causes are washing the legs too often and not drying them 
 . properly, especially if the skin is white. The most common cause is cracked 
 heels or scratches which it often follows and the same causes that produce 
 the one will cause the other. Horses with round fleshy legs that are in- 
 clined to stock and those that are kept in filthy stables or allowed to run 
 in snow or slush or walk through putrid pools in the straw yard or used in 
 mud and wet and that are not taken care of after their day's work are very 
 likely to have grease heel. The skin in the region of the heel is very vasciilar 
 and abundantly provided with oil glands; therefore, when exposed to irri- 
 tants these parts are likely to become inflamed. No doubt, either overfeed- 
 ing on rich nutritious food or feeding food of a poor quality has a tendency to 
 produce grease heel. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^There is always more or less swelling of the parts, a 
 slight discharge of oily fluid, and cracks and chaps of the skin with some 
 eruption and generally lameness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment of grease heel should consist in remov- 
 ing the cause if possible and in taking steps to arrest the discharge and 
 bring about a healthy condition of the diseased parts. It is always a 
 mistake to apply too powerful astringents, but in their place use hot fomen- 
 tations and poultices after the hair has been clipped off. Discontinue feeding 
 grain, give a full dose of cathartic medicine and, after, the animal is purged, 
 feed cooling laxative food, such as well salted bran mashes, vegetables and 
 grass. Dissolve % pound of sugar of lead, three ounces sulphate of zinc and 
 one ounce of carbolic acid in a gallon of clean water and apply to the swollen 
 and inflamed legs three or four times a day. Or, dissolve ten grains of 
 chloride of zinc in a pint of water and apply three or four times daily. Or, 
 dust on powdered charcoal or use bromo-chloral and after the sores heal and 
 scabs form on them apply some glycerine. Whenever the disease assumes 
 a malignant type and ugly looking sores appear, touch them with crude car- 
 bolic acid or dust them over with burnt alum or with nitrate of silver or 
 use a red hot iron. In using either caustics or the actual cautery it must be 
 done with care or the healthy parts may be injured. I have often applied 
 yeast poultices and also turnip or carrot poultices and obtained good results 
 in the early treatment of this ailment. Give three-dram doses of powdered 
 saltpeter at a dose in feed three times a day in the early stage of this ail- 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF SKIN. 57 
 
 ment; in the later stage give three or four-dram doses of Fowler's solution 
 of arsenic two or three times a day for fifteen or twenty days. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR GREASE HEEL.— 
 
 1. Oxideof Zinc Ointment. — For two days apply poultices of equal parts 
 of flax seed meal, bran and finely powdered charcoal. Then, twice a day for 
 ten days apply oxide of zinc ointment. The parts should be thoroughly 
 washed and dried before each application. Give loosening food and for a 
 week give 3 drams of nitrate of potash in the feed morning and evening. 
 
 2. Turpentine, Linseed Oil and Oil of Vitriol. — Put a quart of linseed 
 oil and four ounces of turpentine into an earthen vessel and very slowly add 
 one ounce of oil of vitriol. Be sure to add the vitriol slowly and at the same 
 time stir the mixture and so continue until cool. Use this as a liniment for 
 chronic scratches, grease heel and old sores. 
 
 3. Ointment for Grease Heel. — ^To half a pound each of honey, lard and 
 tar melted together add one ounce of pulverized white vitriol, one ounce of 
 pulverized sugar of lead and one-half pound of pulverized alum and stir until 
 cold. Put on a cloth and bind on for 36 hours. Repeat this application when- 
 ever needed. At the same time give condition powders for the blood. 
 
 ECZEMA, ACUTE AND CHRONIC— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 MANGE— SCAB — ITCH. — All these ailments are due to parasites that 
 harbor in the skin or to mites which trouble both horses and cattle. Some 
 of these parasites and insects bury deep in the cracks of the skin while others 
 work on the surface and it is well to keep in mind that one animal gets 
 them from another. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.-^There is almost a constant itching of some parts of the 
 surface of the body and' when the hand or curry comb or brush is placed on 
 the body the horse leans towards you as though he liked to be groomed. 
 Scabs very often form and sores appear which are the result of the animal's 
 rubbing himself. To be sure that an animal has mites use a magnifying glass 
 in looking at the scales that come off the body. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Wash the body with soap suds, adding a tablespoon- 
 ful of borax to every quart or the same quantity of kerosene ; or, apply coal- 
 tar disinfectant and water, a five per cent, solution or even stronger; or, a 
 decoction of tobacco, one ounce to a quart. Occasionally dust .on some pow- 
 dered sulphur. If you are sure he has scab use the treatment prescribed for 
 scab in sheep. Good grooming and generous feeding are helpful after the 
 parasites or mites are killed. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR MANGE.— 
 
 1. Whale Oil, Oil of Tar and Sulphur. — To 6 ounces of whale oil add 
 3 ounces of oil of tar and 2 ounces of lac-sulphur; mix thoroughly. Wash 
 the skin thoroughly and apply the above with a hair brush. In two or three 
 days repeat the washing and application. 
 
 ERYSIPELAS.— (See" Cattle Department.") 
 
 ITCTiING TAIL.— This is an itchy condition of the skin at the root or 
 scalp of the tail and is generally the result of filth or some parasitic disease 
 or of an over-fed horse becoming feverish with a heated condition of the skin, 
 causing the animal to rub against almost anything he can reach. One of the 
 first steps is to give the horse a mild dose of cathartic medicine. Reduce 
 his supply of stimulating food, wash the tail 'with soap and water every day 
 and wet the scalp with a lotion composed of baking soda, one and a half 
 ounces in a quart of water; or, use salt in place of the soda; or, put two 
 
58 , THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 ounces of kerosene into a quart of soap suds and apply the one which is the 
 most convenient, three times a day. If the horse has pin worms, they may 
 cause him to rub and if so, wash the bowel out with soap suds, followed by 
 an infusion of quassia (two ounces of chips soaked in three pints of hot 
 water for two hours). By dissolving four ounces of sugar of lead and one 
 ounce of carbolic acid in one-half gallon of water a useful application is 
 made for an itching tail. Good grooming and cleanliness -and keeping up the 
 treatment I have prescribed will soon effect a cure. 
 
 SURFEIT— NETTLE RASH— URTICARIA,— This is an eruptive con- 
 dition of the skin in which there are small or moderate sized hard nodules oj 
 lumps. Sometimes they come in the form of a small blister. This lumpy 
 condition of the skin takes place as a sort of effort of nature to throw off 
 either a surplus of effete material or a poison of some kind. 
 
 CAUSES. — Generally the cause is too high feeding of corn or other fat- 
 producing grain. It sometimes appears at shedding time and during the 
 changeable weather of spring and autumn. Poorly groomed horses suffer 
 from surfeit. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The skin appears to swell and thicken and this is fol- 
 lowed by the appearance of buds or bunches and the skin remains thick in 
 several places. This eruption generally appears quickly and it may disappear 
 rapidly, but generally lasts for six or seven days. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a cathartic of either aloes or epsom salts and keep 
 the bowels moderately active by giving either salts or raw linseed oil. Also 
 give a tablespoonful of saltpeter or two tablespoonfuls of baking soda at, a 
 dose in feed three times a day. Mixed hay, vegetables and grass are the best 
 foods and the quantity given should be limited. If the horse itches, put one 
 ounce sulphuric acid in a gallon of water and apply to itchy parts twice a 
 day ; or, dissolve an ounce of baking soda in a quart of water and apply this 
 lotion two or three times a day. Salt and water is also a good rejnedy. 
 
 TUMORS.— (See " Cattle Department") 
 SIT-FASTS— CALLOSITIES.— 
 
 CAUSES. — These bunches are very common under the collar. They are 
 located under the skin and are caused by chafing or a bruise bringing on a 
 thickened condition of the skin or a fibrous bunch under the skin. Badly 
 fitting collars and saddles and improper care of the shoulders or back are 
 the most common causes of sit-fasts. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In my practice I never waste time using poultices or 
 caustics in the treatment of chronic sores and bunches of this kind but I 
 always cut them out and treat the shoulder as any common wound should 
 be treated. After the operation apply any good home healing remedy and 
 rest the animal if possible, but if you are obliged to work him, hollow out his 
 collar or saddle to prevent irritating the wound. Apply peroxide-hydrogen 
 twice a day; ten minutes later apply any of the following healing remedies; 
 a two per cent, solution of carbolic acid; one part coal-tar disinfectant and 
 twenty parts water; or, dissolve one-quarter pound of sugar of lead, three 
 ounces sulphate of zinc and three ounces of tannic acid in a gallon of water 
 and apply to shoulders or back three times a day. There are many other 
 useful remedies you may apply. 
 
 HIDE-BOUND. — This is not a disease though it is often thought to be. 
 This is a mistaken idea for it is usually the resuft of some other ailment of 
 a debilitating nature such as fevers or indigestion or the feeding of badly 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF SKIN. 59 
 
 cured or non-nutritious food ; or, it is the result of over work, causing the 
 animal to lose flesh and of course the hide then clings to the bones more 
 closely than if they were covered with fat. The skin being tight on the body, 
 the animal being thin, the skin dry and dirty and the coat usually rough gives 
 the animal the appearance of being hide-bound, hence the name. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Increase the quantity of nutritious food, giving tonics 
 and worm remedies; also groom the animal well twice a day and perhaps 
 keep him in a warmer and more comfortable stable. He will then soon 
 commence to thrive and lose the appearance of being hide-bound. Give two 
 tablespoonfuls of ground gentian, one teaspoonful of powdered copperas, two 
 tablespoonfuls of ground ginger, one tablespoonful of powdered cinchona 
 and one tablespoonful of baking soda at a dose in feed two or three times 
 a day. 
 
 FROSTBITES.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 BURNS AND SCALDS.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 LICE. — There are two kinds of lice that usually attack the horse — blood- 
 suckers with narrow heads and long trunk-like sucking tubes and bird lice with 
 very large broad heads and biting jaws. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The state of lousiness is usually seen in poor, half-starved 
 young animals or very old ones. Debility seems to be the predisposing cause, 
 rendering the animal a proper subject for the propagation and development 
 of these parasites. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The best treatment is to clip the hair and then wash 
 the animal with a decoction of stavesacre, one ounce of the powdered seeds to 
 a pint of warm water; or, a solution of one part tobacco to twenty parts 
 water; or, one part coal-tar disinfectant to twenty parts water. Or, apply 
 kerosene emulsion which is made by mixing one quart of kerosene and one 
 quart of rain water and adding one pound of good soap. When dissolved, 
 pour from one bucket to another until thoroughly mixed, then add ten quarts 
 more of water and bathe the horse with this mixture every day or two until 
 a few applications have been made. The sides of the stall and the harness as 
 well as the curry combs and brushes should be treated with an application 
 of the same. I have also applied, with good results, one part carbolic acid 
 and thirty or forty parts of water. A small quantity of mercurial ointment 
 rubbed into the mane and root of tail has a good effect. Good grooming 
 and plenty of good food is important for lice seem to select for their victims 
 the weak, thin animals. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LICE.— 
 
 1. Benzine. — Sponge the parts with benzine and repeat in a week to 
 kill any that may have hatched from the nits in the interval. 
 
 2. Sulphur Ointment. — Sulphur ointment will kill lice on horses. 
 
 3. Tar Water. — Sponge the horse with tar water and repeat in about 
 a week to kill any that have hatched later from the nits. 
 
 4. Insect Powder. — Dust the horse well with insect powder and then 
 blanket him for an hour or two. Examine again in a week and if any more 
 have hatched the treatment should be repeated. 
 
 5. Coal Oil, Soap Suds and Vinegar. — ^Wash the horse with one part 
 coal oil and five parts soap suds twice a week. To kill lice nits apply one 
 part cider vinegar and two parts water. 
 
 WARTS. — Warts are abnormal growths of the skin and occur on any 
 
69 THE PEOPLE.'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 part of the body; however, they are most frequently found about the head, 
 neck, belly and sheath. 
 
 CAUSES. — Medical authorities are somewhat divided in opinion as to the 
 real cause of warts ; however, a slight injury or irritation of the skin may start 
 a warty growth. Highly fed animals appear to suffer most from warts, the 
 skin becoming affected from blood trouble or stomach disorders. We some- 
 times m'eet with certain kinds of warts that seem to be contagious, 
 
 TREATMENT. — If overfeeding has produced them it is well to cut 
 down the animal's allowance or change from stimulating food to a more cool- 
 ing and laxative diet. I have known a run to grass to seemingly cause them 
 to go away. Every wart that has a well defined neck should be cut off with 
 either a knife or an ecraseur; or, they should be burned off with a knife- 
 shaped iron at white heat. By burning them it stops bleeding and often 
 kills the roots. They can also be removed by ligaturing; however, I do not 
 like this method. Now, there are many different remedies that will take 
 them off, such as castor oil, acetic acid, chromic acid, arsenic ointment, nitrate 
 of silver and salicylic acid. It is well to keep in mind that they are usually 
 not deep footed, principally confined to the skin, and are easily cut out but 
 sometimes are inclined to bleed. Applying tincture of chloride of iron or 
 burning with' a hot iron will quickly stop the bleeding; or, tie the blood 
 vessel with a silk thread. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR REMOVING WARTS.— 
 
 1. Dry or Seed Warts. — Take equal parts of calomel, copperas and 
 alum. The first two should be pulverized together and the alum should be 
 burned and then mixed with the other ingredients. The wart .should be 
 scraped with a knife until raw and the mixture applied as often as the scab 
 comes 9fi until the wart is entirely removed. 
 
 2. Bluestone. — Clip or cut off the wart and cauterize the raw surface 
 with pawdered bluestone. 
 
 3. Acetic Acid. — Apply strong acetic acid to the warts until they are 
 removed. Do not let this run upon the surrounding skin. 
 
 4 Washing Soda. — Dissolve an ounce of washing soda in two ounces 
 of water and wet the warts with this solution. 
 
 5. Castor Oil. — Apply castor oil to the warts twice a day, or apply 
 salicylic acid. 
 
 6. Sulphur. — Give a teaspoonful of sulphur at a dose in feed once a day. 
 This will generally take off warts, 
 
DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE 
 EYE AND EAR. 
 
 (Including Sore Eyes, Worm in the Eye, Cataract, Moon Blindness, Etc.) 
 
 SIMPLE OPHTHALMIA— SORE EYES— INFLAMMATION OF 
 THE EYES. — Simple ophthalmia is really an inflammation of the eye, or of 
 the eyeball and is sometimes confined to the conjunctiva (mucous membrane 
 of the eye). 
 
 CAUSES. — It is very often the result of an injury, a speck of sand get- 
 ting into the eye and setting up inflammation, stable gases and sudden changes 
 of weather. However, it generally results from injury or from a foreign body 
 getting into the 'eye and remaining there. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are — flowing tears, swollen lids, red and 
 retracted eyes, dilated pupils and blinking when facing a bright light. I might 
 say that in this ailment the eye is much more inflamed than in periodic 
 ophthalmia. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all a very careful examination should be made 
 and if possible the cause should be removed. We find the disease existing in 
 three forms, depending on how long the eye has been sore. First, we have 
 an acute inflammation and if this is not subdued a sub-acute inflammation 
 follows and if this lasts long it becomes chronic. Now the first step in the 
 line of treatment should be to reduce the inflammation and this is generally 
 best done by applying either hot or cold water and these applications should 
 be kept up constantly for at least one or two hours at a time and it is well 
 to keep in mind that hot water in winter and cold in summer is the way to 
 use water on inflamed parts. Drop three grains of sulphate of zinc and one 
 grain of sulphate of atropia into one ounce of rain water and a^ply three 
 times a day. Also, feed no grain but give bran mashes, vegetables or grass. 
 A dark stable is the best and any eye wash that is good- for man is equally 
 good for animals for their eyes ar§ alike. I very often give one-dram doses 
 of iodide of potassium internally with good results and this always helps 
 to clear the eyeball. I also blow some calomel into the eye daily and give 
 a few grains in the feed with good results, if the case seems to stand still 
 and not show any signs of mending. Always remember that dust and bright 
 fight irritate the eyes. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE 
 
 EYES.— 
 
 1. Witch Hazel. — Bathe the eyes freely with extract of witch hazel. 
 
 2. Lotion for Eyes. — To 4 ounces of water add 1 ounce of glycerine, 
 and one-half dram of sulphate of zinc. Put 4 or 5 drops into the inflamed 
 eyes morning and evening. 
 
 3. Sugar of Lead and Belladonna. — To a pint of boiled rain water add 
 30 grains of sugar of lead and a teaspoonful of fluid extract of belladonna. 
 Keep a soft cloth wet with this and hang over the eyes. This is for in- 
 flamed eyelids. 
 
 4. Borax. — Use 60 grains of borax to a quart of boiled water, keep a 
 cloth wet with this and hang over the eyes. It is also important that you 
 keep the bowels in a laxative condition. 
 
 61 
 
63 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 INFLAMED EYES— CONTAGIOUS OPHTHALMIA.— (See " Cattle 
 Department.") 
 
 CATARACT, — A cataract is either a partial or complete opacity of the 
 crystalline lens or its capsule and may be either the result of injury or a 
 sequel to other diseases, such as periodic ophthalmia. Cataracts vary in 
 shape, size and situation. Only the capsule may be involved, or both capsule 
 and lens, and sometimes only the lens. It is seen at birth in some animals 
 and is called congenital cataract. When the whole lens is affected the eye- 
 ball shows some atrophy or wasting and the opening of the pupil becomes 
 large and loses its elliptical form. In order to detect a small cataract place 
 the animal in a dark place and use artificial light such as a candle. Or, if 
 you know how to use an ophthalmoscope you will very readily detect a cataract 
 if there be any. The test is always made most easily after belladonna or 
 atropia has been applied to the eye. However, it is not generally necessary 
 to test this way. By facing the horse out of a barn door and placing your 
 hat over his eye, letting it remain there for a few minutes and then removing 
 it quickly, the different effects light will have on the well and diseased eye 
 will be marked, especially on the pupillary openings.. Cataract usually de- 
 velops slowly but I have known it to develop in twenty days and I might say 
 there is no remedy on account of surgical work being inadvisable in all cases 
 of cataracts in animals. Of course an operation is advisable in man because 
 he can wear glasses. 
 
 CONJUNCTIVITIS— CATARRH OF THE EYE.— (See " Cattle De- 
 partment.") 
 
 • IRITIS— RETINITIS. — This is an inflammation of the eye, especially 
 that pprtion which surrounds the pupil and gives color to the eye. It is 
 usually ferought on by blows or extreme changes of light and darkness. It is 
 also the result of facing fierce storms and cold wind- and is no doubt some- 
 times the result of constitutional disturbances, especially those of the diges- 
 tive organs. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are like those of superficial ophthalmia 
 but there is more constitutional disturbance with loss of appetite, increased 
 heat of body and considerable retraction of the eye into its socket. The haw is 
 drawn up, the mucous membrane is inflamed, the aqueous humor becomes 
 muddy with white floating flakes in the anterior chamber and frequently a 
 little pus settles in the lower part. As the disease advances a white speck 
 or cloud appears in the lens behind the pupil and iris. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Place the animal in a dark stable with pure, dry air. 
 Give a full dose of cathartic medicine and some saltpeter in his drinking 
 water, also place some wet cloths over his eyes. Apply a saturated solution 
 of boric acid to the eyes five times a day. This is made by dissolving all 
 the boric acid the water will take up ; therefore, there is no danger of making 
 this solution too strong. If the eyes are painful add some belladonna. Feed 
 the horse a cooling, laxative diet and give one-half dram iodide of potassium 
 and two drams Fowler's solution at a dose two or three times a day. If the 
 eye fails to clear, blow a little calomel into it once or twice a day and give 
 twenty-five grains of calomel at a dose twice a week for three weeks. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE HAW (Membrana Nictitans).— (See " Cat- 
 tle Department.") 
 
 WORM IN THE EYE. — Worm in the eye is not a common ailment in 
 this country ; however, I have met with more than a dozen cases. It is, how- 
 ever, a common affection in some hot countries such as India. 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF EYE AND EAR. 63 
 
 CAUSES. — Through the horse drinking stagnant water is the manner 
 in which the ova or egg makes its way into the circulation and through the 
 blood vessels into the eye. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The eye is dull. On examination a thread-like body is 
 seen moving about in the eye and if allowed to grow it will produce loss 
 of sight. 
 
 TREATMENT. — A surgical operation is always successful. Puncture 
 through the cornea and allow the aqueous humor and worm to escape. 
 
 PERIODIC OPHTHALMIA— MOON BLINDNESS.— Periodic oph- 
 thalmia is a constitutional affection of the eye and is known by many differ- 
 ent names such as " moon-blindness," " moon-eyes " and " constitutional oph- 
 thalmia," and it has also been called " odontalgia " and we sometimes hear it 
 called " hereditary ophthalmia " and " specific ophthalmia." Fortunately, 
 this ailment is not nearly so common as it was twenty years ago. 
 
 CAUSES. — Perhaps it might be as well for me to say that the veterinary 
 profession is pretty well agreed that the cause is not known ; however, certain 
 exciting causes may have a tendency to bring it on, but it seems to lurk in 
 t}ie body ready to break out when favorable conditions exist. Many writers 
 believe the cause to be a germ of some kind. Dark, badly ventilated stables, 
 poor food, extreme heat or cold, all have a tendency to bring it on. Over 
 exertion and over heating have been known to cause it. There are many 
 exciting causes of periodic ophthalmia. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The attack is generally sudden, the eye is sensitive to 
 bright light and always retracted, the eyelid is dropped, the cornea dim and 
 the eye dull, and as soon as one eye becomes affected the other generally 
 gets sore. One attack seems to follow another. After each attack the eye- 
 ball atrophies more or less and generally this disease sooner or later term- 
 inates in loss of sight. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The very best that can be done in the line of treatment 
 for this ailment is to relieve the disease and this is perhaps best done by 
 keeping the bowels open and rather active by giving salts, oil or aloes to 
 purge the animal if you believe it necessary. Place the horse in a dark stall 
 and give a tablespoonful of nitrate of potash at a dose in the feed or water 
 twice a day until the eyes become less inflamed. Put three grains of sulphate 
 of atropia in one ounce of rain water and apply twice a day ; or, apply 3 grains 
 acetate of lead, twenty drops tincture of opium and one ounce of water twice 
 daily. 
 
 CANCER IN THE EYE— FUNGUS H.ffi:MATODES.— (See "Cattle 
 Department.") 
 
 AMAUROSIS— GLASS EYE— GUTTA SERENA.— (See "Cattle De- 
 partment.") 
 
 FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 DISLOCATION OF THE EYEBALL.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 INJURIES TO THE EYELIDS.— (See "Cattle Department.") 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE INTERNAL EAR— OTITIS.— (See 
 " Cattle Department.") 
 
 DISEASES OF THE CARTILAGE OF THE EAR.— (See " Cattle De- 
 partment.") 
 
 ABSCESS OF THE EAR.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EAR.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 LACERATED EARS.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 (Including Lockjaw, Hydrophobia, Blind Staggers, Stringhalt, Sunstroke, 
 
 Paralysis, Etc.) 
 
 TETANUS — LOCKJAW. — Tetanus is not a common disease in cold 
 climates; however, it is quite prevalent in hot countries where the soil is 
 fertile and wounds are not treated properly. 
 
 CAUSES. — The tetanus bacillus makes its way into the body through a' 
 skin or flesh abrasion or wound. The most common abodes for this germ 
 are in road dust, garden earth, barnyards, stable floors or in any fertile soil. 
 Therefore, one can readily understand why a wound siti'aied in the foot, 
 leg or lower part of the body is very convenient for the bacillus to gain en- 
 trance into the body and cause lockjaw. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In mild cases it is not always easy to make a correct 
 diagnosis. However, in severe cases it is easy, for the clinical symptoms 
 differ from all others. It is safe to say that nearly all the muscles of the 
 body are implicated, some of them much more so than others. The muscles 
 of the legs are always stiff, the muscles of the head and neck are the first to 
 be noticed, and the nose is always poked out. The head and tail are usually 
 elevated, the animal is easily excited and trembles some and the membrana 
 nictitans (haw) flashes over the eye whenever the animal is excited. The 
 animal stands with the forelegs extended forward and the hind ones back of 
 the body and generally straddles as though afraid of falling. All animals 
 suffering from lockjaw present an anxious expression, move stiffly, have a 
 quick pulse when excited and the jaws are generally either partially or 
 totally closed. The animal almost always takes the standing position and 
 retains it, his appetite is good, bowels costive, urine scanty and highly 
 colored. Whenever the animal lies down before the muscles are relaxed nearly 
 all the symptoms become aggravated and it is not unusual for them to grow 
 more nervous and struggle until they die, but in mild cases they often retain 
 the standing position for several weeks until they have made a recovery. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is safe to say that nearly every drug and anti-toxic 
 serum known to veterinarians and physicians have been tried and failed as a 
 remedy for severe cases of tetanus. However, the disease can generally be 
 prevented by immunizing the patient with anti-toxic serum (tetanin) which 
 will immunize the animal. Furthermore, wounds in the lower part of 
 the body should be covered with absorbent cotton or oakum or a dressing 
 that will make it impossible for the admission or entrance of the tetanus 
 bacillus to the circulation or body of the wounded animal. Nearly 
 all veterinarians are equipped to immunize animals which have nail punc- 
 tures and wounds in the lower part of the body; besides, the treatment 
 is not expensive and it is certainly cheap insurance. Of course this treat- 
 ment is not curative after the disease has once become established. A horse 
 suffering with tetanus should be kept in a dark stable which is free from 
 noise. He should be fed gruel and liberally supplied with water. The water 
 and feed should be put into a tub and set about three and one-half feet high 
 for the horse is unable to lower the head much. Give the horse one dram of 
 
 64 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF NERVOUS SYSTEM. 6& 
 
 solid extract of belladonna at a dose three or four times a day, either by- 
 mouth or by injection into the bowel. In the early stages it is good practice 
 to. give a cathartic. If the wound can be discovered apply antiseptics such 
 as hydrogen-peroxide, carbolic acid, iodoform, boric acid, bichloride of mer- 
 cury, etc. There are many drugs that appear to have a soothing effect, such 
 as bromide of potassium and chloral hydrate. When the spasms are intense 
 they can be relieved by inhalations of chloroform. However, this relief is 
 usually only temporary. As a rule the same man should look after the horse 
 during his entire sickness as strangers usually excite him. It is important to 
 feed nutritious food and green fodder is the best. Whenever a recovery takes, 
 place it is always slow and it is unwise to put a horse to work too soon 
 after he has had tetaifus. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME, REMEDIES FOR LOCKJAW.— 
 
 1. Preventive. — Wet wounds lightly with turpentine and they will not 
 .be the cause of lockjaw. 
 
 2. Nux Vomica and Belladonna. — Give one-half teaspoonful of tincture 
 of nux vomica and a teaspoonful of fluid extract of belladonna at a dose three 
 times a day. This is said to cure lockjaw. 
 
 RABIES— HYDROPHOBIA.— Rabies is not a very common disease in 
 the horse. It is usually the result of a bite of a mad dog and the disease 
 never has a spontaneous origin, but it is often very difficult to trace the 
 source of infection. All, or nearly all, of the lower animals, if bitten, are 
 liable to this disease. It is called hydrophobia by many people on account of 
 the animal's inability to drink water. The virus oi poison no doubt exists, 
 in every part of the body, especially in the saliva, spinal cord and brain but 
 after death it soon ceases to be dangerous. It is perhaps true that the first 
 bites from a rabid dog are possibly the most dangerous and it is also true 
 that man is not so easily infected as are other animals. I knew a woman to 
 die of hydrophobia from allowing a mad dog to lick her hand, all going to 
 show that the saliva is loaded with the virus. I also knew a man who caught 
 the disease while skinning a dog. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a change in the disposition, dullness and an in- 
 clination to hide away in a dark quiet place. The patient startles easily, is 
 a little flighty and grows dull but remains quiet only a short time. Those 
 affected are inclined to eat pieces of wood and bits of coal and dirt. Later 
 they become irritable, often inclined to snap and bite but they generally will 
 not go far out of their path to bite a person, but will chase dogs wherever 
 they see them. The head and tail are always • carried low. The disease 
 assumes one of two forms; the furious or the dumb and paralytic. In the 
 latter form the lower jaw of the dog drops, remaining so unless spasms come 
 on or allowed to worry another dog. The furious form is more dangerous 
 for the dog will often bite you without a moment's warning. A mad dog, if 
 allowed to run loose, will often travel ten or fifteen miles, return to his old 
 kennel, lie down and die from exhaustion. The mad dog always loses his 
 voice, soon has trouble swallowing food or water and dies of paralysis. 
 
 TREATMENT. — No remedy — but the Pasteur treatment will prevent 
 this disease in man. 
 
 VERTIGO— BLIND STAGGERS— FALLING FITS— MEGRIMS- 
 CONGESTION OF THE BRAIN. — This is a horse disease characterized 
 usually by sudden and temporary loss of sensation^ and voluntary motion, 
 ■i-t 
 
66 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 generally with considerable trembling without the general spasms of epi- 
 lepsy. 
 
 CAUSES. — This is very often the result of an undue accumulation of 
 blood in the brain, producing congestion, and it may be due to heart trouble, 
 extreme heat, excitement, the giving of large doses of stimulants, over-exer- 
 tion, badly fitting collars which obstruct the return of blood from the head to 
 the body or it may be caused by tumors in the brain or a tumor or abscess 
 interfering with the circulation back from the brain. It is also brought on 
 by digestive disturbance and is quite common in overly fleshy horses. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal usually slows his gait, throws up his head, 
 shivers, staggers, and he may fall and sometimes he will plunge and run 
 away.. The eyes are staring, respiration usually quickened and he may stand 
 with legs braced and in a few minutes be apparently all right and go on his 
 journey as though nothing had happened. In other cases he'may show the 
 effects of this attack for a week but if the ailment is due to organic heart 
 trouble or disease of the blood vessels of the brain he may show a dumpish 
 condition without any fitty condition and die without showing any alarming 
 symptoms. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Remove the cause if possible, apply cold water to 
 head, reduce his food supply, give a cathartic of either aloes or oil and if he 
 is fleshy, reduce his we ht. If it comes or because of want of exercise do 
 not allow him to remain die. It is always good judgment to stop the animal 
 when the attack is comi s^ on. In acute cases they very often recover but in 
 chronic cases they seldoii get over it and remain well without showins; dizzi- 
 ness, fits or staggers. Blood letting gives relief. Giving chloral hydrate or 
 bromide of potash and a laxative diet help every case. 
 
 SUNSTROKE— HEAT EXHAUSTION.— Horses that fall from heat 
 exhaustion or that sufifer from what is commonly called " sunstroke " are 
 usually out of condition otherwise or they probably would not have been 
 affected much by the heat. Horses suffering from indigestion or those who 
 have a heavy coat of hair or who have sluggish kidneys and very little action 
 in the glands of the skin, and those that are fleshy are usually the victims. 
 Horses that are fed light and exercised regularly and whose bowels and kid- 
 neys are acting freely and which perspire moderately are usually exempt from 
 these attacks. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In sunstroke the horse usually falls and appears ex- 
 hausted. In heat exhaustion perspiration checks, the horse pants and staggers, 
 the skin is dry and the mucous membranes of eyes and nostrils are red and his 
 temperature goes up. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Place the animal in a cool, comfortable, shaded place 
 and apply cold water freely to both the head and body. Give one-half pint of 
 whiskey and one ounce of aromatic spirits of ammonia, and sometimes add 
 a tablespoonful or two of sweet spirits of nitre, and then add a pint or 
 more of cold water and give as a drench and repeat in an hour or two if 
 necessary. In treating an ailment of this kind it is important to place the 
 horse in a cool, comfortable stable or under a tree or tent and cool the surface 
 of the body, at the same time giving stimulants. 
 
 STRINGHALT. — Stringhalt is a spasmodic jerking and a sort of regular 
 movement of one or both hind legs and is perhaps caused by some lesion 
 or abnormal condition of a nerve or perhaps of the spinal cord. It is, no 
 doubt, caused by some irregular supply of nerve influence to the extensor and 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF NERVOUS SYSTEM. 67 
 
 flexor muscles or tendons of the limb. However, it is difficult to explain 
 just why this irregular distribution of nerve supply comes about. In some 
 cases where we know there is nerve pressure it can be accounted for, but in 
 a majority of cases it must "be admitted that the cause is not known and the 
 disease not well understood. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Whenever the animal is moved forward or suddenly 
 backed it will show an irregular jerking motion of the limb. This is always 
 noticeable in bad cases, but in some mild cases the animal may move quite 
 a distance before showing it and I have known cases where the animal had to 
 be turned from side to side or backed up quickly before they showed it. Of 
 course an animal is more likely to show it when trotted. Stringhalt may 
 follow exposure to severe cold weather and sometimes follows blistering or 
 firing for ring-bone. It is well to keep in mind that heat palliates or relieves 
 every case of stringhalt. Some horses show it in the winter but not in the 
 summer. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In the majority of cases the disease should be con- 
 sidered incurable. Removing a section of the tendon under the hock (pero- 
 neal tanotomy), however, or removing a section of the nerve high up, have 
 given me fairly good results and these two operations are well worth the 
 trial. In an extremely bad case where the animal jerks the feet up to 
 the belly, does not improve with exercise and does not show it less in warm 
 weather, it is hardly worth while to operate. Peroneal tanotomy is a very 
 simple operation and can be performed without throwing the horse. 
 
 PARALYSIS. — Paralysis is loss of voluntary motion with or without 
 sensation and is either partial or complete, usually affecting one part, the 
 whole side or hind quarters. It may be local and affect only a muscle or two 
 as we sometimes find in the -lip. Paralysis sometimes follows gastric irrita- 
 tion bringing on fits and loss of power of the hind quarters. Or, if the trouble 
 be in cord near the head, the paralysis may affect the whole body. We have 
 paralysis resulting from brain disease; also, tumors in the brain sometimes 
 cause loss of power, followed by death. Paralysis sometimes results from 
 sunstroke or concussion from blows or from falling and jumping with weight 
 on the back ; or, it sometimes occurs when throwing a horse down. In these 
 latter cases the vertebrae or bones of the back have either been fractured or 
 displaced, causing spinal cord pressure and loss of power. A paralysis may 
 also come from violent muscular contraction while resisting when he is 
 secured ior some surgical operation. Tuberculosis affecting the spinal cord, 
 tumors in that region pressing on the cord and a softening of the cord, all 
 lead to paralysis. Following oste-porosis (big-head) where the bones en- 
 large and honey comb or the bones of the back anchylose, the back is easily 
 broken and of course when this occurs paralysis always follows. We have 
 still another form of partial loss of power where the animal goes with a sort 
 of staggering gait and weaves from side to side. This kind may be the result 
 of slight accident or some error in habits or food supply. There is also a 
 paralysis of the lips caused from some injury to the brain or some interfer- 
 ence in the nerve supply to the lip. Horses also have a paralysis of the tail 
 which is generally the result of an injury followed by wasting of the muscles 
 of the tail. These are unsatisfactory cases to treat. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Treatment of paralysis is by no means always satis- 
 factory. However, there are certain rules which must be followed in order to 
 assist nature in bringing about a recovery. If there be any displacement of a 
 
68 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 bone, put it back in place as quickly as possible and try to keep it there. The 
 bowels and kidneys should be kept active and the general health of the animal 
 looked after. The food supply should be nutritious and easily digested. The 
 weak parts should be stimulated with some good home liniment such as 
 equal parts turpentine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil. Apply this to the 
 affected parts daily ; also, give nux vomica or strychnia, which latter has the 
 same effect but is more active. In some cases the different preparations of 
 iodine have a good effect and produce good results. Many horses should be 
 placed in slings and kept there until they recover from paralysis. This should 
 be done on account of their weakness and inability to get up and down. They 
 wear out their strength struggling to get up. Besides, the bowels and 
 kidneys act better when the animal is kept in an upright position. The 
 horse thrives better in this position and of course must recover more 
 rapidly if thriving than if failing in health. It is also very important in the 
 treatment of paralysis to feed a good quality of food. Feed some vegetables 
 but no musty or badly cured fodder. It may be necessary for you to blister 
 and if so apply cerate of cantharides, or biniodide of mercury, one part to 
 six or eight parts of lard, once every week or ten days. 
 
 APOPLEXY. — Apoplexy is generally the result of stagnation of the cir- 
 culation of blood in the brain, and there may also be a rupture of some small 
 blood vessel or blood vessels, allowing the blood to clot and produce undue 
 pressure on the brain. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is very often the result of some error in feeding, seldom 
 attacking thin horses. It is not a common ailment of the horse. The dog 
 and pig are often affected. It is, perhaps, brought on by overfeeding whicb 
 produces too much blood and weakens the walls of the blood vessels. Fat 
 animals seem to be the ones most likely to become affected. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Apoplexy comes on suddenly and as a rule the animal is. 
 unconscious. The pupil of the eye is dilated and breathing is labored. In 
 some cases only part of the body seems to be affected. Post-mortem gener- 
 ally reveals some congestion of the brain, a ruptured blood vessel or extrav- 
 acation of blood that has oozed through the wall of a vein or artery. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If a fleshy horse is affected he should be bled, taking 
 away eight or ten quarts. Apply cold packs to the head, give bromide of 
 potash in half-ounce doses every three or four hours or hypo-sulphite of 
 soda, 1-ounce doses three times a day in food or water. Also reduce his 
 food supply and get his bowels to acting freely by giving the common cathar- 
 tic for the animal affected. 
 
 MYELITIS. — Myelitis is really an inflammation of the spinal cord and 
 when the coverings of the spinal cord are inflamed the disease should be called 
 spinal meningitis. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is quite often the result of injuries or feeding a poor quality 
 of food. It is also the result bl severe exertion or undue nervous excitement. 
 Besides, it sometimes occurs in a locality, affecting several animals, without 
 the cause being known and in some cases it follows an attack of azoturia. 
 Whenever there is much softening of the spinal cord it usually terminates- 
 in complete paralysis and death. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is great nervousness. Sometimes the animal per- 
 spires and occasionally falls and is unable to get up without assistance; but,, 
 when down, usually struggles. This is a disease that occurs more often dur- 
 ing cold weather than during the summer months. 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF NERVOUS SYSTEM. 69 
 
 TREATMENT. — If it is caused by an injury and there be a complete 
 Vjss of motion we have a right to suspect that the back is fractured. In such 
 cases the animal should be destroyed. Give small doses of iodide of potas- 
 sium and apply hot water packs to the back. Or, rub on some liniment. 
 Fairly good results will often follow giving tincture of mix vomica in one- 
 dram doses three or four times a day, but if there is complete paralysis you 
 should destroy the animal. ' 
 
 EPILEPSY — FITS. — This is not a common ailment of horses but is 
 quite common in the dog, and is spoken of as fits or convulsions. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is very often the result of intestinal or liver derangement, 
 such as a torpid liver or stomach or bowel worms and it sometimes comes on 
 when the animal is teething. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal generally falls, froths at the mouth and has 
 a sort of convulsive fit, but usually gets over it in two or three minutes. 
 
 TREATMENT. — A liberal supply of fresh air always revives an animal 
 suffering from epilepsy unless the brain hemorrhage is extensive. Also, give 
 bromide of potash, cathartics and vermifuges and apply cold packs to the 
 head. 
 
 CHOREA. — Chorea is a disease of the nervous system producing a sort 
 of involuntary and convulsive jerking of the muscles and in horses it usually 
 affects the flexor and extensor muscles of the hind legs. However, other 
 parts of the body are sometimes affected. I have known horses to be af- 
 fected in the foreleg and sometimes quite a portion of the body is affected. 
 This ailment is not by any means too well understood and no sure remedy 
 has ever yet been discovered. It very often comes on as a result of other 
 diseases. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The general health of the animal should be looked 
 after, the body kept warm and both the bowels and kidneys kept moderately 
 active. If taken with it lightly in the spring of the year, quite a number of 
 animals recover when turned out where they are exposed to the bright sun- 
 lijght. I have obtained the best results by giving small doses of Fowler's 
 solution of arsenic and iodide of potassium. Give from one to three drams 
 of Fowler's solution and one-half dram of iodide of potassium at a dose in 
 €ither feed or water twice daily. It is very important that the animal should 
 be given good care and exercised moderately every day. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS.— Cerebro-spinal meningitis is a 
 fever affecting the brain and spinal cord and their coverings. The ailment 
 seems to be most prevalent on this continent and we seldom find one case 
 alone. The nervous system appears to be most affected. This disease is no 
 doubt on the increase. It sometimes arises sporadically but most commonly 
 occurs as an epidemic in a stable or community. 
 
 CAUSES. — The causes of this ailment are none too well understood. 
 Many veterinarians believe it to be due to atmospheric influences. Bad venti- 
 lation, damp stables, feeding musty fodder and bacteria may cause it. My 
 own observations are that it is generally brought cwi by watering animals out 
 of wells that catch the barn yard sap and where the water is well filled with 
 decayed animal or vegetable matter. This is also the conclusion of a few 
 other veterinarians. I might add it is also caused by the feeding of decayed 
 vegetables. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is generally more or less loss of power which may 
 develop quite suddenly or gradually. The temperature always increases, thea 
 
70 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 some time later falls below normal and during the later period may rise again. 
 There is generally some twitching of the muscles, sometimes about the neck, 
 at other times the hind quarters. In severe cases it is not unusual to find 
 the animal staggering and sometimes it tumbles down, lying on the side and 
 moving the limbs rapidly as though trotting. In other cases they are more 
 paralytic. In most cases the bowels are constipated and small quantities of 
 urine are secreted and it is generally of a reddish color. The eye is also 
 quite reddened. In other cases the brain appears to be very much affected, 
 the animal being drowsy, dull and stupid. Later the animal becomes delir- 
 ious, has convulsions and soon dies. In most cases the animal seems unable 
 to swallow food, especially when the disease seems to be appearing without 
 any well known cause and in different parts of the country. Whenever the 
 animal seems to lose his ppwer of swallowing food it means almost sure 
 death. As a rule death results in from two to four or five days, and on ex- 
 amination after death we usually find considerable effusion about the brain 
 and spinal cord with considerable congestion of the brain and cord. Also, the 
 bowels will be found almost empty; however, I have often made examin- 
 ation after death and found very few, if any, post mortem lesions. But the 
 symptoms of this disease differ from all others. Therefore, you can gener- 
 ally make a correct diagnosis. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Where the loss of power is almost complete you should 
 look for a fatal termination, but if it is only partial, give one-half ounce of 
 Dromide of potassium or the same quantity of belladonna every three hours 
 or one ounce three times a day; or, 2 drams fluid extract every 4 hours. Apply 
 stimulating home liniments to the spine and legs. When giving medicine it 
 is very often necessary to pour it through a tube for the animal is unable to 
 .swallow. It will also be necessary to give nourishment, such as eggs, milk, 
 alcoholic stimulants and gruel in the same way and it must not be forgotten 
 that a complete change of food and water should be made right away. All 
 things considered, this is a very unsatisfactory ailment to treat for the disease 
 generally proves fatal. 
 
LAMENESS. 
 
 (Including Sweeny, Sprains and Strains, Fractures, Spavins, Curbs, Splints^ 
 Thorough-Pin, Etc., and Full Directions for Locating Lameness.) 
 
 HOW TO LOCATE LAMENESS.— Nothing seems to puzzle the horse 
 owner and farmer more than locating lameness. This, perhaps, is for want 
 of sufficient knowledge of the symptoms of lameness; also for lack of famil- 
 iarity with the normal gait and peculiarity of action. Now, in order that 
 every reader of this book may school himself in the art of locating lameness, 
 I shall try to make the symptoms clear and as easily understood as possible. 
 Lameness is a manifestation of pain by one or more limbs, indicating weak- 
 ness or inability, soreness or stiffness, causing partial or total inability to use 
 the limb or limbs. In order to detect lameness when it is slight you must 
 be familiar, not only with the natural gaits but all the peculiarities of gait. 
 The signs of lameness during repose (rest) are very important and fre- 
 quently assist materially in locating the seat of trouble. If resting on all 
 four limbs, the pastern of the lame one will generally be more upright than 
 the others ; if one foreleg be far in advance of the otHer it indicates tender- 
 ness or soreness in the back part of the leg and low down. Resting the toe 
 on the ground and bending the knee and fetlock, without the foot's being in 
 advance of the other, indicates shoulder or elbow lameness. When both fore- 
 feet are kept in advance of the body, the animal resting on the heels, with the 
 hind legs kept well under the body, the soreness is usually in the forefeet. 
 When a horse rests one foot more and for a longer time than any of 
 the others it should create suspicion. When he is inclined to lie down and 
 remain so, it indicates weakness, perhaps fracture or considerable pain. In 
 most cases of hind quarter lameness, if it is situated low down, the foot is 
 kept in advance, but if in the stifle, he drags the toe and if the hip is the 
 seat of trouble he will also drag the leg and trot out of alignment. A horse 
 that walks lame always trots very lame. Lameness may be shown in the 
 walk but it is best seen in the slow easy trot and, if led, the head should not 
 be pulled to one side, and the less excitement the better. In all cases of lame- 
 ness where only one leg is involved the leg is lifted quickly and less weight is 
 put upon that foot; therefore, i halting of the limb occurs and by listening 
 a different noise is made whr . the foot strikes the ground. When one fore 
 limb is affected the head and fore quarter are raised when that foot comes to 
 the ground, but he is seen to drop on the well side. Do not be misled and 
 suppose that he is lame behind, for, to the casual observer, it would seem 
 so on account^ of a depression in the opposite hind hip. In lameness in one 
 hind leg the hip is raised higher than the opposite one and dropped carefully j 
 in other cases a depression is found in the hip. With lameness in both fore- 
 feet he steps short and puts the foot down carefully; he changes position 
 often, not standing on one foot very long at a time ; the shoulders are carried 
 stiff and upright ; the head is carried high ; the loins are arched and the hind 
 feet are brought well under the body. Lameness in both hind quarters is 
 generally marked by the backward position of the forefeet, being well under 
 the horse in order to take some weight off the hind quarters; besides, he 
 
 71 
 
12 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 backs with difficulty. When the horse is lame in both legs on same side he 
 usually ambles and never trots square, but drops heavy on the well side. 
 Remember, if a horse which is lame in the right fore limb be trotted from 
 you he seems to be lame in the left hind leg for the quarter ascends and 
 descends. A horse trotted in a small circle always appears to be lartle in 
 the leg nearest the center of the ring. Many horses travel with a nod in 
 front or have a hitch behind, but are perfectly sound. Other horses come out 
 of the stable sore and lame but after taking a few steps go sound. Some 
 lameness grows more severe the farther he goes. The slow gait is the best 
 gait to locate lameness. Be sure to have the horse trotted towards you, 
 watch closely for the symptoms I have mentioned and do not decide too 
 quickly. Have him trotted immediately after he leaves the stable. Examine 
 the foot closely; I have known horses to be lame in two places in the same 
 leg at the same time. In locating lameness it is well to use both negative 
 and positive signs. If there is heat, pain, or swelling in any part of the limb, 
 discoverable by manipulation, the evidence is positive that the cause is in 
 such parts. If there is no heat, swelling, or pain, then we must conclude 
 the lameness is deep seated and then arrive at a conclusion from negative 
 evidence. It is a very common custom to make a hurried examination, jump 
 at a conclusion and apply some liniment or blister without being certain where 
 the lameness is located. It is far better to apply some soothing remedy such 
 as hot or cold water or wait a few days until the symptoms are more marked. 
 In my practice in Cleveland and elsewhere, it is unusual to be called upon to see 
 a lame horse that has not had something done to him before he was brought 
 to me and, four times out of five, remedies have been applied to the wrong . 
 parts. This is not always for want of knowledge but is often gross care- 
 lessness. Lameness is not of itself a disease but a manifestation of it. It 
 is generally an expression of pain and we seldom have much lameness with- 
 out pain. We seldom have lameness existing for any great length of time 
 without some inflammation ; however, a stone in the foot may cause great 
 pain before any increased heat sets in. A great many horses would appear 
 to sort of come honestly by their lameness; therefore, in selecting breeding 
 stock they should be free from both bone and bog spavin, thorough-pin, capped 
 hock, bursal swellings, ringbone, side-bone, curb, navicular disease and flat 
 feet and they should also be of good conformation and then you will find 
 much less lameness to contend with in your horses and especially in your colts. 
 
 SWEENY— ATROPHY OF MUSCLES— WASTING AWAY OF 
 PARTS— SHOULDER SLIP.— What is understood by sweeny is an atrophy 
 or wasting away of the muscles of the shoulder following shoulder slip or a 
 sprain of the shoulder muscles or other causes. Or, it may result from chronic 
 lameness in other parts of the limb causing the animal pain which prevents 
 the proper exercising of that quarter; so you can readily understand that 
 sweeny of the shoulder may be a result of soreness or weakness in some other 
 part of the limb and not in tiie shoulder. When you find a sweenied condition 
 of the shoulder or hip with lameness in that quarter, make a careful ex- 
 amination of the whole limb before arriving at a positive conclusion that the 
 injury is in the sweenied or wasted part. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the lameness is in the lower part of the limb treat 
 the diseased part to relieve the animal of pain, unless it is a mechanical 
 stiffness that is causing the trouble, but of course stimulate the wasted 
 muscles with any eood home liniment, such as is mzide by mixing equal parts 
 
HORSE— LAMENESS. W 
 
 of tincture of cantharides, turpentine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil and apply 
 it to the wasted muscles daily or as often as thought necessary. Or, blister 
 lightly with cerate of cantharides. During the winter and cooler months of 
 the year I have obtained good results from setons, but this is a rather an- 
 cient treatment and attended with some risk. There are many kinds of 
 liniments and blisters that act well in these cases. Muscle-making food 
 such as oats and a good quality of mixed hay should be fed in preference 
 to starchy, fattening food. If the animal is not lame, walking or slow exer- 
 cise will assist in reproducing and growing the muscular fibres. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SWEENY.— 
 
 1. Sweeny Cure. — Put one ounce each of camphor gum, spirits of tur- 
 pentine, tincture of cantharides and oil of hemlock; two ounces of oil of 
 spike and four ounces of oil of origanum into a pint of olive oil. The skin 
 should first be well pulled and lifted over the parts and then the liniment 
 should be applied every two or three days for two or three weeks. If the 
 blistering is too severe a few applications may be missed and the parts 
 rubbed with lard or sweet oil. 
 
 2. Sweeny. — Apply equal parts of tincture of cantharides, sweet oil, 
 hartshorn and origanum. This is an effective remedy for sweeny and shrink- 
 ing of the muscles. 
 
 3. Sweeny Cure Without Medicine. — Pull the skin up well over the 
 shrunken parts, make a small incision with a knife, insert a goose quill and 
 blow full of air. The horse should then be allowed to rest or to run on pasture 
 for a few days. 
 
 SPRAINS OF TENDONS, LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES.— What is 
 understood by a sprain or strain is a distention or laceration of the fibre of 
 a tendon, ligament or muscle and the name following the word " sprain " 
 merely indicates its location but they nearly all require the same sort of 
 treatment and the same line of care. A sprain is usually the result of an 
 accident caused by slipping, falling or over-exertion, such as pulling too heavy 
 a load. Horses are sprained by making a misstep or by traveling on slippery 
 footing or by hauling loads up a hill when the road is wet and muddy and 
 they are not properly shod to give secure footing. Horses very often strain 
 themselves when holding back a heavy load while going down hill ; besides, 
 I have known many horses to sprain diilferent parts of the body when get- 
 ting up awkwardly on a slippery floor. Sprains are a common occurrence 
 among race horses, caused by over-exertion. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In every case of sprain when a rapid recovery is de- 
 sired the animal should be given absolute rest until the lameness disappears. 
 The inflammation should be subdued by cold applications in the summer 
 months and hot applications in the winter but in order to do much good water 
 should be applied frequently. After a few days treatment with water and 
 perhaps bandages, apply the following lotion five or six times a' day. Dissolve 
 14 pound of sugar of lead and eight ounces of fluid extract of arnica in one 
 gallon of water ; or, apply equal parts extract witch hazel, alcohol and spirits 
 of camphor twice a day. Or, apply equal parts turpentine, aqua ammonia 
 and sweet oil once a day and later on, perhaps a blister, using cerate of can- 
 tharides once a week until recovery takes place. A laxative diet should al- 
 ways be substituted in place of a stimulating grain diet. 
 
U THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME LINIMENTS AND REMEDIES FOR SPRAINS 
 STRAINS, SWELLINGS, BUNCHES, SORES AND LAMENESS.- 
 
 1. Salt and Vinegar. — Bathe and bandage with salt and vinegar. This 
 should be applied to sprained parts as hot as can be borne. 
 
 2. California Liniment. — To one quart of best alcohol add one ounce of 
 aqua ammonia, one-half ounce each of red pepper and gum camphor and two 
 ounces each of spirits of turpentine, oil of origanum, opodeldoc and black 
 oil. These should be mixed and kept well corked. Good for sprains, swell- 
 ings, rheumatism and all acute pains in man or beast. 
 
 3. Gargling Oil. — To one pint of good cider vinegar add one-half pint 
 each of s^weet oil and spirits of turpentine, one ounce of oil of vitriol and 
 two ounces of castile soap. The soap should be finely shaved. Shake occa- 
 sionally until dissolved. This is splendid for wounds, frostbites, swellings, 
 €tc. 
 
 4. Liniment for Lumps, Bruises and Cuts. — Mix two ounces of gum 
 camphor with four ounces each of linseed oil, turpentine, and oil of spike and 
 apply as often as necessary. i 
 
 5. Olive Oil, Camphor and Turpentine. — Mix one ounce gum camphor 
 with four ounces each of olive oil and turpentine. This will be found excel- 
 lent for bruises, sprain^, sores, and lameness. 
 
 6. English White Oil. — Mix one pint of olive oil, one-half pint each oi 
 spirits of turpentine and alcohol and four ounces each of camphor gum and 
 hartshorn. This will be found very healing and is good for sprains of atl 
 kinds and for reducing bunches. 
 
 7. Lotion and Liniment for Strains and Swelled Legs. — Steep two 
 dunces of wormwood herb in a quart of vinegar and add a pound of salt. Bathe 
 the parts well with this lotion and then apply the following liniment. To , 
 one quart of alcohol add one ounce of oil of spike and two ounces each of oil 
 of cedar, oil of hemlock, camphor gum, sweet oil and turpentine. Shake well 
 before applying. This will be found an excellent treatment for nearly all 
 kinds of strains and swellings. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE BONE.— Diseases of .the bone are of an inflam- 
 matory or non-inflammatory character. When the substance of the bone be- 
 comes inflamed we call the disease ostitis and the disease very often subsides, 
 usually leaving a bunch but in many cases no lameness. In splint, spavin and 
 ringbone we have this condition of the bone. Another form of bone disease 
 is " caries " where the bone seems to be destroyed and comes away in par- 
 ticles. We find this the case in fistula of the withers and poll evil when the 
 case is chronic. Necrosis of a bone means its destruction and these cases do 
 not get well. 
 
 TREATMENT. — A healthy action should be brought about as rapidly as 
 possible and if the bone is diseased cut down on the diseased part, scrape or 
 cut it off, then apply home remedies such as carbolic acid, coal-tar dip, creo- 
 sote, iodoform, boric acid or any good healing powder. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BONE— OSTITIS.— Diseases of the bone 
 are usually either inflammatory or non-inflammatory, but it is not always an 
 easy matter to tell which. Bones seem to become inflamed much the same 
 as the soft tissues. When the substance of the bone is inflamed it is called 
 " ostitis " and when the covering of the bone is inflamed it is called " perios- 
 titis " which, of course, is an inflammation of the periosteum. Ostitis may sub- 
 side without forming any bony enlargement. Every bone is permeated with a 
 
HORSE— LAMENESS. 75 
 
 i.ort of net work of minute blood vessels carrying nutriment to build, grow 
 ;ind nourish them ; now, when the bone is injured and an inflammation is 
 set up, interfering with the circulation through the bone, changes soon begin 
 to take place. At first a fluid is thrown out, which is called lymph and this 
 may soon change into pus, settling either on the surface or in the interior. Or, a 
 hardening of the lymph takes place closing the blood vessels and limiting 
 the supply of blood, then some ulceration of the bone may take place. In- 
 flammation of the bone very often results in the formation of a bony bunch 
 called exostosis; or, it may result in what is called caries, meaning the grad- 
 ual destruction of the bone. This latter we very often find in chronic cases 
 (;f poll-evil and fistulous withers. Sometimes in hock' lameness there is very 
 'little enlargement but an ulceration of the surface of the bones has been 
 going on and this may be followed by a necrosis or complete destruction of 
 the bone. Such conditions are serious and are incurable when joints are 
 much involved. 
 
 GENERAL SYMPTOMS.— In slight cases there is some soreness but 
 seldom much lameness, unless trotted on a very hard road. The bone is 
 tender when tapped with a piece of wood and in cases where the inflamma- 
 tion is great the lameness is extreme. When suppuration takes place in the 
 interior of a bone the pus may remain imprisoned for a long time, but it 
 causes great pain. When pus forms between the bone and its covering apd 
 is not allowed to escape, it often does great harm and when pus forms deep 
 in a bone the bone usually bulges and enlarges somewhat. Ulceration of 
 the bone often follows exposure of the bone to air or to pressure of pus 
 and when it is going on a strong disagreeable odor is thrown off, differing 
 from all other odors. Death of a bone is generally associated with an open 
 sore and if the discharge is felt it will be found to contain grit and it will 
 also blacken silver. If the wound is probed the bare bone can be felt. 
 
 GENERAL TREATMENT.— In the first treatment of the bone it is 
 always a good plan to first try soothing remedies, such as hot or cold water. 
 A dose of purgative medicine generally helps. Cooling astringent lotions are 
 proper remedies; put one-fourth pound sugar of lead, one-half ounce alum, 
 apd three ounces sulphate zinc into a gallon of cold water ; or put one pint of 
 alcohol, one-fourth pound saltpeter, two ounces muriate ammonia and one 
 quart cider vinegar into a gallon of cold water and apply to sore parts five 
 times a day. One part alcohol, five parts witch-hazel and five parts water is 
 a good remedy. When the acute inflammation has subsided apply equal parts 
 tincture iodine, spirits fcamphor and alcohol to sore parts daily. Later apply 
 one part red iodide mercury and eight parts lard or apply cerate of cantha- 
 rides. In treating bony tumors it is well to understand that mineral acids 
 remove them but always leave a scar; besides, if applied over a joint they 
 may do harm by producing open joint. Cutting off bony bunches should be 
 done with care. The skin should be opened and the bunch removed with a 
 chisel or bone cutter and the wound should be treated with great care. 
 Many times the distension of a fibrous membrane stretched over a bony 
 bunch causes great pain and lameness. When this is cut relief comes quickly, 
 but when the operation is performed great care should be taken not to 
 introduce any air or infection. 
 
 FRACTURES— BROKEN BONES.— What is generally meant by a 
 fracture is a broken bone. However, in surgery it means any breaking of 
 the texture of a bone or other hard structure. Fractures are common in all 
 
76 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 the lower animals ; perhaps more so in the horse and dog than in other animals. 
 There are four kinds of fractures met with — simple, compound, comminuted 
 and compound comminuted. Simple fracture is that form wherein the bone 
 is broken nearly straight across. Compound fracture is where the broken 
 bone pierces the flesh and skin. Comminuted fracture is where the bone is 
 broken in several places. Compound comminuted fracture is where the bone 
 is shattered, cutting the soft tissues, and is rather complicated. 
 
 CAUSES. — External violence is one of the causes, such as kicks, blows, 
 and coming in contact with hard substances while going fast. Muscular con- 
 traction when tied and confined for surgical work, rearing and falling, slip- 
 ping and heavy pulling are all causes of fracture. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — As a rule it is not difficult to tell when a bone is broken 
 for there is generally great pain and by motion a grating noise is produced 
 by the ends of the broken bones rub,bing together. If the break is deep 
 seated it may be puzzling for the bones are held pretty well in position by 
 heavy muscles and the bones may not be much if any out of place. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is astonishing how fast a fracture mends in an ani- 
 mal if the bones are put in place and held there. The whole object of treat- 
 ment should be to put the bones back in place as quickly as possible and 
 keep them there. When a fracture occurs in a part of the body which 
 cannot be reached and the bones are much out of place the horse had better 
 be killed for he will never recover. Always put the bones back in place 
 promptly and apply splints and bandages that have been starched; or use 
 plaster of Paris. It is often necessary to place the animal in slings. 
 
 EXOSTOSIS OF THE JAW.— This is quite a common affection of 
 the lower jaw and consists in one or more small bony bunches on the jaw. 
 
 CAUSES. — The curb chain causes the most of them and the tight nose 
 strap produces some ; also, eating out of small iron feed boxes is another 
 common cause of exostosis. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Sometimes they are small round bunches, but they may 
 be quite flat and spread over considerable of the lower jaw. They do not 
 always do much harm but spoil the appearance of the jaw. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give one-half dram iodide potassium at a dose in 
 either feed or water twice a day for twenty days, then give the medicine 
 once a day for thirty days. ^^ Apply iodine ointment. This you can secure 
 at any drug store and it should be applied every day or two. 
 
 BONE SPAVIN. — Bone spavin is a bony growth (exostosis) involving 
 the hock joint, generally affecting the front and inner, lower portion of the 
 joint. There is always considerable irritation, causing more or less inflam- 
 mation of the bones. Whenever this inflammation affects the synovial mem- 
 brane and covering of the bones, there will be lameness, but there may 
 be no enlargement. But when there is any exudation (oozing out) of bony 
 matter there will soon be an enlargement, showing what part of the joint 
 is involved. 
 
 CAUSES. — The causes of spavin are hereditary and exciting. The pre- 
 disposing causes are horses with heavy bodies and light, weak, crooked 
 hocks; these are the animals that appear to come honestly by bone spavin, 
 J have known hundreds of horses of the same family to suffer from bone 
 spavin lameness without ever working a day; consequently, they must have 
 inherited a predisposition to this disease. The exciting causes are bruises 
 of the joint, sprains, injuries, hard work and fast driving on hard roadSk 
 
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HORSE— LAMENESS. 77 
 
 producing concussion and setting tip an inflammation of hock joint, espe- 
 cially if the joint is crooked and narrow from the front to the back. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A horse suffering from bone spavin lameness usually 
 steps shorter with the lame leg and starts quite lame but grows less so after 
 traveling a short distance. The exercise appears to stimulate a secretion of 
 synovial fluid (joint oil) which oils the joint, relieving the pain and making 
 the horse more comfortable but, as soon as he is allowed to stand still for 
 a few minutes, he will start lame again. In more severe cases and of longer 
 standing the lameness does not disappear very much with exercise. In 
 nearly all cases of spavin lameness the horse steps on the toe when start- 
 ing or stepping over in the stall and very often shows a great deal of 
 lameness when traveling through deep mud or snow. When a spayin is 
 causing lameness, the joint is usually inflamed. This is easily ascertained by 
 wetting both hock joints with cold water; the diseased one always dries 
 first. In chronic cases the muscles of the hip are generally wasted some from 
 lack of exercise but this must not mislead you in determining the trouble. 
 TREATMENT. — If an exciting cause has produced spavin, this cause 
 should be removed before we can expect a recovery to take place. Unless 
 the affected bones can be grown into a solid bone the horse will remain lame. 
 In my practice and at my hospital I have treated thousands of cases of 
 bone spavin and those that have recovered from their lameness were given 
 absolute rest until they traveled sound and after getting well they re- 
 mained so. The inflammation of the joint should be reduced with either 
 hot or cold water applications. After applying these for a few days, apply 
 any good home liniment, iodine ointment or light blisters, such as cerate of 
 cantharides, or equal parts of tincture cantharides, turpentine, aqua ammonia 
 and sweet oil. Apply once a day until the parts blister. Or, apply one part 
 red iodide mercury, one part powdered cantharides and eight parts fresh 
 (ard. These applications should not be made oftener than every week or ten 
 days. There are many other blisters that you may use that will perhaps 
 give you good results. Should blisters fail to reduce the lameness, have the 
 horse fired. I have succeeded in relieving many cases by cutting a tendon 
 which crosses the hock joint. This operation should not be attempted by 
 any other than a skilled surgeon. A high-heeled shoe always relieves a spav- 
 ined horse when traveling. Young horses are far more likely to recover 
 from spavin lameness than old ones and when a horse with spavin warms 
 out of his lameness he should recover if given sufficient rest and proper 
 treatment. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SPAVINS, SPLINTS, RING- 
 BONES, ETC.— 
 
 1. Cantharides, Etc. — To one ounce of lard and one-half ounce of tar add 
 2 drams each of cantharides and corrosive sublimate and rub this mixture in 
 thoroughly for about ten minutes. Twenty-four hours later apply vaseline 
 and do this every night and morning until the blister has healed. 
 
 2. Spavins, Splints and Ringbones. — ^To one-half pound of lard add 
 2 ounces of turpentine, one ounce of cantharides and three drams of biniodide 
 of mercury. These should be thoroughly mixed and then applied to spavins, 
 splints or ringbones every week or ten days and the blistered surface should 
 be healed with vaseline. This will be found to be an effective remedy. 
 
 3. Soap, Salt and Turpentine for Bone Spavin.^Mix salt, turpentine 
 and soft soap to make a soft salve. Apply three days and leave off for 
 
78 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 three days but rub each day; then apply for six days and then rub gently 
 until there is an oozing out of yellow matter. After this apply once every 
 two or three days as long as there is a swelling. 
 
 BOG SPAVIN AND BLOOD SPAVIN.— A bog spavin is a sort of puffy 
 swelling situated on the fore part of the hock joint. The capsular ligament is 
 always distended and on account of the irritation of the joint there is always 
 an increased secretion of joint oil (synovial fluid). Associated with bog 
 spavin we generally have thorough-pin. If an enlarged or varicose vein 
 passes over the spavin it is sometimes called blood spavin. 
 
 CAUSES. — Bog spavin is generally brought on by hard work, fast driv- 
 ing, heavy pulling, irregular exercise and a predisposition from faulty con- 
 formation of the hock joint. This is sometimes an hereditary ailment. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are exceedingly plain, for this puffy bulg- 
 ing of the joint can readily be seen. When this' ailment occurs on a heavy 
 horse, producing no lameness, it should not be regarded as serious but when 
 it occurs on lighter horses it should be regarded with suspicion, especially 
 if there be a deposit of calcareous matter in the joint, for these cases 
 are difficult to treat successfully. The more tense and hard is this swelling, 
 the less likely is the animal to recover. 
 
 TREATMENT. — As stated, a heavy horse may suffer from bog spavin 
 and it never hurt him ; these cases should be let alone. Cold applications 
 and sometimes hot applications are helpful ; however, cold seems to produce 
 the best results. Hand rubbing and slight pressure from a truss and bandag- • 
 ing with pad are beneficial. Stimulating liniments, light blisters and some- 
 times firing produce excellent results. Some practitioners recommend draw- 
 ing off this fluid with an aspirator, then injecting some iodine into the 
 joint; however, this must be regarded as rather dangerous, unless done by 
 an expert and even then it very often sets up a violent inflammation of the 
 joint, causing the animal great suffering; therefore, all things considered, it 
 is not good practice. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BOG-SPAVIN, BLOOD SPAVIN 
 
 AND THOROUGH-PIN.— 
 
 1. Bog and Blood Spavin and Thorough-Pin. — Mix three drams each of 
 cantharides and biniodide of mercury ■\^ith four ounces of lard. Clip the 
 hair and rub the ointment well into the parts. In forty-eight hours wash the 
 parts clean and apply sweet oil every day. Repeat every ten days until 
 cured. Tie the horse so that he cannot reach the parts. 
 
 CURB. — A curb is a rupture or a sprain of a short ligament situated 
 on the back part of the hock joint. The upper portion of the back tendons 
 may also be sprained at the time of injury. 
 
 CAUSES. — Many animals on account of having crooked hocks are liable 
 to curb. This is on account of the hock being narrow from back to front 
 and also on account of its being weak. Over exertion is the principal 
 cause. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A swelling usually appears suddenly on the back part 
 of the hock which is tender on pressure and is generally inflarried. The 
 lameness is usually noticeable but in some cases it is very slight. It is best 
 seen by looking at it sideways. The least curve on the back part of the hock 
 indicates a curb. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The treatment does not differ from any other sprain 
 of a ligament or tendon. It is important to give the animal rest. Reduce 
 
HORSE— LAMENESS. 79 
 
 the inflammation by applying cold water or put one-half pound of sugar 
 of lead into a gallon of water and apply five or six times a day. After the 
 inflammation subsides blister with cerate of cantharides or apply one part 
 of red iodide of mercury and eight parts of lard or vaseline. 
 
 SPLINT. — A splint is a hard bony bunch situated on the cannon bone 
 on either side of the foreleg but most often on the inside and just below 
 the knee. Sometimes they are on the hind legs, but not very often. When 
 they are situated close to the knee and afifect the joint or are close to the 
 suspensory ligament they produce lameness but if situated on the shaft of 
 the bone they seldom do much harm. When a splint is forming it generally 
 produces slight lameness when the horse trots on hard roads, but he walks 
 sound. 
 
 CAUSES. — Concussion is the general cause of splints. They also come 
 from blows, kicks, bruises and sprains. Striking the shin with the opposite 
 foot causes a great many splints. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When first forming the colt may walk sound and trot 
 lame. The shin is usually hot and tender but if not near the knee the sore- 
 ness soon disappears. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give the colt rest and apply either hot or cold water 
 for a few days. Apply the following lotion : sugar of lead, one-fourth pound ; 
 tincture arnica, one pint; water, one gallon; apply five times daily. Later 
 apply liniment, iodine ointment or a light blister. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SPLINTS.— 
 
 1. Iodine. — Apply tincture of iodine daily for five or six weeks. This 
 will frequently remove splints. 
 
 3. Ointment for Splints. — Make an ointment of three ounces of lard, 
 three drams of powdered cantharides and two drams of biniodide of mer- 
 cury. Clip the hair from the parts and rub in the ointment for fifteen min- 
 utes. On the third day apply sweet oil or lard to soften and remove scab. 
 These applications should be repeated three times a month. 
 
 THOROUGH-PIN.— Thorough-pin is very often associated with bog 
 spavin and is a bursal enlargement, usually in connection with the flexor 
 muscle or capsular ligament of the hock joint. It rarely produces lameness ; 
 therefore, it is not considered a serious ailment. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is generally the result of a sprain ; however, many of the 
 heavy breeds of horses appear to be heir to this ailment for this puffy con- 
 dition of the joint appears at or soon after birth. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In this trouble there is always a puffy swelling on each 
 side of the hock joint. It is not painful. When pressure is applied to one 
 side it increases the bulging on the opposite side. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If there is lameness the horse should be rested and 
 the inflammation subdued with either hot or cold applications. Or, put 
 14. pound of sugar of lead into one gallon of cold water and apply to the 
 jo5nt five or six times a day, then apply cerate of cantharides once a week. 
 Where the swelling is very great the fluid can be removed and a truss 
 applied to prevent further distension ; however, this work should be done 
 by a skillful veterinarian and even .hen it should not be done unless the 
 horse is to receive extra good care after the operation. It is always difficult 
 ^o reduce a thorough-pin and almost impossible to entirely remove it. It 
 is considered by veterinarians to be good practice to leave a thorough-pin 
 alone if it is not very large and produces no lameness. Equal parts of soirits 
 
80 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 of camphor and tincture of iodine have given me very good results in the 
 treatment of thorough-pin without resting the horse. 
 
 OPEN JOINT.— This results from an injury caused by either a sharp 
 or dull pointed substance making a wound which penetrates the inner struc- 
 tures of the joint and allows the synovial fluid to escape. If there is a 
 simple, small puncture, or cut, the wound may close quickly but if the tissues 
 are badly bruised and lacerated considerable inflammation follows and the 
 case becomes serious. 
 
 TREATMENT. — One of the greatest mistakes that is usually made is 
 the probing of such wound with a dirty probe. This very often infects the 
 joint and makes the case a difficult one to treat while if it had been let alone 
 a recovery might have taken place. It is always a good plan to remove 
 sand or gritty matter or hairs and dirt that may have been punched into 
 the wound at the time of the accident. The edges of the wound should be 
 stitched closely together and hot packs dipped in a lotion composed of one 
 part bi-chloride of mercury and one thousand parts of water should be kept 
 on constantly for several days. The animal should be kept perfectly quiet 
 It is fairly good practice to apply a light blister to that part of the joint 
 not wounded. This produces swelling and very often closes a wound, thus 
 giving it an opportunity to protect the open joint and allowing an adhesion 
 and union of the edges which otherwise could not have taken place. The 
 greatest danger lies in the movement of the joint, which of course stimulates 
 the secretion of synovia, thus making the case worse. One part carbpHc 
 acid and thirty parts water is a good dressing; or, dissolve one ounce of 
 powdered alum or one ounce of sugar of lead or one ounce of sulphate of 
 zinc in a quart of water. Any of the three are proper remedies to apply. 
 I have obtained good results by dusting on equal parts of iodoform, boric 
 acid and powdered alum once a day. In treating such cases, remember that 
 they seldom recover unless the animal is kept from moving about. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR OPEN JOINT, OLD SORES, 
 
 SCRATCHES, ETC.— 
 
 1. Alum, Bluestone, Vinegar, Etc. — To a pint of good vinegar add 
 one ounce each of powdered alum, bluestone and sugar of lead. Bathe the 
 parts for fifteen minutes with water as hot as can be borne and then apply 
 this lotion. This recipe has saved, a number of valuable horses. 
 
 HIP JOINT LAMENESS— ARTHRITIS OF HIP JOINT— WHIRL- 
 BONE LAMENESS.— Lameness of this kind is not common ; nevertheless, 
 it is astonishing how many horsemen hold to the opinion that their horse is 
 lame in the " whirlbone," as they call it, when they are lame elsewhere. 
 The hip joint is well protected and is really the strongest joint in the 
 body, being formed of some of the heaviest bones and held in place by a 
 powerful ligament; besides, it is well protected by heavy muscles. In- 
 flammation may occur in the joint, the result of injury, and we find rheumatic 
 trouble in this joint, but it is seldom sprained. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When the hip joint is inflamed the foot is raised from 
 the ground and is lowered against the will of the animal. This is on ac- 
 count of the lameness being painful. Atrophy of the muscles is pretty 
 sure to follow lameness of the hip joint if it lasts a few weeks. There is 
 always difficulty in bringing the limb forward and the toe is dragged near 
 the ground. In some cases it is well to use the old test by placing a piece 
 of board over the hip joint and striking it a blow with a mallet, which 
 
IRREGULAR STRANGLES. 
 
 EFFECTS OF SUNSTROKE. 
 
 CONGESTION OF LUNGS. 
 Fore limbs apart and ivell under body.^ 
 Nostrils are flapping and the eye has a 
 deadly stare. 
 
 ACUTE LAMINITIS (Foundered). 
 (Feet close together.) 
 
 AZOTURIA. 
 Hind quarters paralyzed. Can get up 
 with fore limbs but not with hind limbs. 
 
 IMPACTION OF LARGE BOWEL. 
 
FRACTURE OF THE FEMUR. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE 
 
 KIDNEYS. 
 
 (Chronic.) 
 
 SPRAIN OF THE PATELLA 
 LIGAMENTS. 
 
 DISLOCATION OF PATELLA- 
 STIFLED. 
 Horse drags stifled leg. 
 
 COLD ABSCESS. SITFAST, BOG 
 SPAVIN AND THOROUGHPIN. 
 
 A sitfast (fibrous tumor) weighing 2% 
 lbs. was removed from this horse's shoul- 
 der at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital. 
 Mote bog spavin and thoroughpin on 
 each hind leg and also large cold abscess 
 -n shoulder just abcve e!bow. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE 
 BLADDER 
 
FIRST STAGES OF SPASMODIC 
 COLIC. 
 
 SEVERE SPASMODIC COLIC. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. 
 Horse is delirius and partially paralyzed. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF BOWELS. 
 
 Horse gets up and down slowly and 
 hesitatingly. Often mistaken for colic. 
 
 PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA. 
 
 TETANUS OR LOCKJAW. 
 Note tenseness of muscles. Honse made 
 complete recovery at Dr. Fair's Veter- 
 inary Hospital. 
 
CAPPED HOCK 
 
 CURB. 
 
 BOG SPAVIN 
 
 BONE SPAVIN 
 
 ROWFD TENDONS 
 
 SPLINT, 
 
 Srnit RONE 
 
 I rNTE T"TRTNr. 
 
 ■TNG BnwF, 
 
WATER FARCY OR 
 
 LYMPHANGITIS. 
 
 This is commonly called " Weed in the 
 
 Leg" and if neglected will terminate in 
 
 the chronic form called " Elephantiasis." 
 
 OPEN JOINT. 
 Caused by a kick or injury. Horse 
 also has a bog spavin. 
 
DISTEMPER OR REGULAR 
 STRANGLES. 
 
 POLL-EVIL. 
 
 Often caused by striking head against 
 low ceiling. 
 
 FISTULOUS WITHERS. 
 
 BIG HEAD— OSTEO POROSIS. 
 
 White lines show enlargement. 
 
 WEAKNESS OF LIGAMENTS OF 
 
 LOWER JOINTS. 
 
 Causing fetlocks to descend. Also curb. 
 
 TYPICAL FOUNDERED FOOT. 
 In bad cases the wasting of the sensi- 
 tive substances causes shrinking of the 
 foot. 
 
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 KNEE-SPRUNG. 
 
 A very bad case. 
 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
 WIND PUFFS OR BURSAL ENLARGEMENTS. 
 Thirty-year-old horse with bursal enlargements (wind puffs) on knee and hind 
 fetlocks. (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
ELEPHANTIASIS. 
 (Also a collar gall.) 
 Elephantiasis is the result of neglected lymphangitis (water farcy or weed). The 
 leg of this six-year-old horse measured thirty inches in circumference. Also note collar 
 gall on shoulder. 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
 NASAL GLEET AND MANNER OF POULTICING LUNGS IN LUNG 
 
 TROUBLES. 
 
 As a horse with lung trouble always stands up the poultice is easily kept in place. 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
HORSE— LAMENESS. 81 
 
 causes great pain if the hip joint is sore and inflamed. Should this test 
 fail, look for the lameness in some other part of the leg. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply hot fomentations and give the animal rest. If 
 occurring in the summer season, use cold water and if in winter, use hot 
 water. Apply equal parts of turpentine, tincture cantharides, aqua ammonia 
 and sweet oil every day or two and if you find it necessary to blister use 
 cerate of cantharides. I have frequently obtained good results from setons. 
 I dislike to put them into the hip during hot weather but for a deep-seated 
 ailment like this they are of great value. 
 
 DISLOCATION OF THE PATELLA— STIFLED.— The stifle of the 
 horse is very much like the knee of man and when a dislocation takes place 
 the cap slips out of the pulley-like groove in the bone in the front part of 
 the stifle joint and of course when this happens the leg locks and it is im- 
 possible for the animal to lift his foot forward. A dislocation is generally 
 caused by the foot slipping backward and. the limb twisting when the 
 weight of the body is on it. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When the stifle bone is out of place the leg is generally 
 kept back of the body with the foot close to the ground. The stifle appears 
 to be swollen. 
 
 ' TREATMENT. — In some cases starting the animal with a whip will 
 :ause him to bring the limb forward suddenly and the cap will slip into 
 place; however, it is usually necessary to draw the foot forward either by 
 lifting it or attaching a rope or strap round the fetlock and passing it through 
 a collar on the neck and pulling it forward and when in this position an' as- 
 sistant should press the bone into position. Apply cerate of cantharides to 
 •the stifle joint as a blister. Sometimes it is necessary to keep the foot tied 
 forward and the hind feet a little higher than the forefeet. 
 
 SPRAIN OF THE STIFLE JOINT.— When the ligaments of the stifle 
 joint become stretched from slipping or from an injury, setting up inflamma- 
 tion and causing the animal to have trouble in bringing the leg forward, we 
 are led to believe that he suffers from a sprain of the joint. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If occurring in the summer, shower the stifle with 
 cold water three or four times a day, or dissolve % pound of sugar of lead 
 in a gallon of water and apply this lotion five times a day, or dissolve % 
 pound saltpeter m i/^ gallon of vinegar and add a gallon of water and apply 
 this lotion five times a day. After the inflammation subsides apply any good 
 home liniment twice a day; or, use equal parts of turpentine, aqua ammonia 
 and raw linseed oil once a day and later on if it is thought necessary blister 
 with cerate of cantharides. 
 STONE BRUISES— BRUISES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Horses with flat weak soles frequently bruise the bottom 
 of the foot by stepping on pebbles, clinkers, pieces of brick, bolt heads and 
 other hard substances. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The bruised foot soon becomes hot and tapping the 
 sole with a small hammer or block of wood causes considerable pain. If al- 
 lowed to go on, the coronet swells and the inflammation increases ; the 
 lameness also becomes more noticeable and in some cases the horse will 
 scarcely put his foot to the ground. He usually holds the lame foot in advance 
 of the other foot and steps either unusually long or quite short. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If he is shod, remove the shoe; tap the sole of the 
 loot lightly to locate the sore spot and if you suspect that pus has formed 
 
82 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 cut through the sole, making a very small opening and then pour in equal 
 parts of peroxide of hydrogen and water and then apply one part carbolic acid 
 and thirty parts water or a good healing powder composed of equal parts of 
 iodoform, powdered alum and boric acid. If the opening through the sole 
 is made large, proud flesh is liable to grow in the wound and if it does, 
 apply burnt alum or crude carbolic acid or cut it oflf with a sharp knife or 
 burn it down with a point of a red hot iron and continue applying healing 
 remedies. 
 
 SPEEDY CUT— BRUISED KNEE.— This usually results from a blow 
 with the opposite foot in horses that have high knee action and that have 
 narrow chests or toe out. Horses driven in deep snow are inclined to strike 
 their knees. Following the blow there is more or less swelling on the inside 
 of the knee and it is not unusual to have a serous sac or an abscess form 
 which contains pus. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When first noticed the inflammatory stage can be 
 subdued by the continued use of either hot or cold applications and some 
 cooling astringent lotion such as is made by dissolving one-quarter pound 
 acetate of lead in a gallon of cold water and adding one pint of fluid ex- 
 tract of arnica. These applications should be made five or six times a 
 day. The knee should not be bandaged unless by an expert. If much fluid 
 forms it may be necessary to allow it to escape through a small tube or if 
 pus forms it should be allowed to escape with proper drainage, then treat 
 it as an abscess. Certain horses, from conformation, can scarcely be shod, so 
 they will not strike their knees, especially when going fast. The lighter 
 the shoes, the less knee action; besides, if the inside of the shoe is made 
 a little heavier this has a tendency to carry the foot out. The head should 
 not be reined up high. The horse should be driven slow on rough roads 
 and when turning a corner. I have owned many horses which required the 
 knees to be protected with boots when they were driven fast, no matter 
 how capable the shoer might have been. However, I recommend having 
 a horse of this kind shod by the best mechanic you can find. 
 
 SPRUNG HOCK. — Sprung hock is a sprain of the ligaments of the hock 
 joint, bringing on an inflamed condition of the parts and usually resulting in 
 an enlargement of the joint. It usually occurs in animals with crooked joints. 
 
 CAUSES. — This condition is usually the result of injuries following a 
 runaway or is caused by falls, slipping, kicks, blows or fractures. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal is usually very lame and stands with -the 
 hock flexed, never attempting to place any weight upon the limb. In se- 
 vere cases the whole joint is badly swollen and very tender; this should be 
 regarded as a serious injury. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In all such cases it is impoitant to give the animal 
 absolute rest. Apply either hot or cold applications constantly and when 
 the inflammation and pain subside, apply iodine ointment or some stimulating 
 and mildly counter-irritating liniment, such as equal parts turpentine, aqua 
 ammonia and sweet oil, or any other good home liniment you may have 
 on hand. 
 
 CAPPED HOCK. — Capped hock is due to distension of a small bursa 
 situated beneath the skin on the point of the hock. Or, it may be a distended 
 bursa situated deeper and when the deeper-seated parts are affected it is 
 more serious. 
 
 CAUSES. — Capped hock is generally caused by kicking against the stall, 
 
HORSE— LAMENESS. 83 
 
 or by kicks or blows. The heavy breeds of horses are the most likely to 
 become affected. This is perhaps on account of their sluggish circulation. 
 It also seems to follow debilitating diseases. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a soft, puffy and very often painless swelling 
 on the point of the hock, containing a water-like effusion. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The secret of success in the treatment of capped hock 
 generally lies in one's being able to remove the cause; hence, if caused by 
 kicking in the stable in a single stall, remove the horse to a box stall or pad 
 the single stall. Hot water applications are proper for early treatment and 
 should be followed by daily applications of equal parts of alcohol, tincture 
 of iodine and spirits of camphor. When it becomes necessary to open the 
 sack it should be done with great care and cleanliness. A small opening 
 should be made and the parts kept wet with one part bichloride mercury and 
 500 parts tepid water. This will keep the parts from becoming infected. 
 Fairly good results follow applications of red iodide of mercury, one part, 
 and lard, eight parts; apply this every week or ten days. This should be 
 the treatment in chronic cases. 
 CAPPED ELBOW— ELBOW TUMOR— SHOE BOJL.— 
 
 CAUSES. — These are usually caused by the heels of the shoe when the 
 horse is obliged to lie down in a very narrow stall. They are also caused by 
 the harness and by blows. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is first a hot, tender swelling and if not treated 
 properly and the cause removed this grows and increases in size until it be- 
 comes very large and especially is this true if it occurs in hot weather. 
 A few days after the injury the swelling will fluctuate, indicating that it 
 contains fluid and this fluid being serum may do very little harm. In other 
 cases pus forms, which generally makes the horse quite lame. If the swell- 
 ing contains serum, it may be absorbed and the bunch almost disappear, 
 but if it contains pus it should be opened. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply either hot or cold applications; I prefer cold 
 applications in summer and hot ones in winter. If the swelling contains 
 serum and is not very large apply tincture of iodine once or twice a day and 
 it will perhaps cause the fluid to be absorbed, but if the swelling is exten- 
 sive and contains much fluid it should be drawn off with a canula and trocar 
 and the sac injected with a small quantity of tincture of iodine once a day. 
 In many cases I find it good treatment to lay the sac freely open and if it. 
 contains a hard bunch, cut it out. Chronic elbow tumors can be treated 
 successfully in no other way than by cutting them out. Following an opera- 
 tion of this kind the wound always heals slowly. Apply peroxide of hydrogen 
 twice a day and dust on equal parts of iodoform, boric acid and tannic acid, 
 but be sure to prevent his bruising the sore parts. In some cases I find 
 it necessary to keep the horse in a standing position until the wound heals, 
 and horses that bruise their elbow should wear a roll around each pastern 
 to prevent the shoe from coming in contact with the elbow. 
 
WOUNDS. 
 
 (Including Abscesses, Poll-Evil, Fistulous Withers, Saddle Galls, Sore 
 Shoulders and Wounds of all Kinds.) 
 
 WOUNDS. — Wounds are a division of the soft structure of the body 
 and are named according to their appearance, depending on how and by 
 what sort of an instrument they were produced. 
 
 INCISED WOUNDS. — Incised wounds are those made with a sharp 
 knife or some sharp substance making a clean cut and their length is greater 
 than their depth. When a muscle is cut off the wound always gaps wide open, 
 much more so than if the muscle is cut lengthwise and when cut transversely 
 it makes a bad-looking wound. i 
 
 PUNCTURED WOUNDS. — Punctured wounds are those made with a 
 dull instrument or stick and may be caused in hundreds of different ways. 
 There is no use of enumerating them but a punctured wound should always 
 be looked upon as being much more serious than an incised wound. 
 
 LACERATED WOUNDS. — Lacerated wounds are those which are 
 more or less torn. They are not very deep and are often caused from com- 
 ing in contact with wire, being kicked by a horse or running against some 
 sharp substance, but these wounds are not often serious. 
 
 CONTUSED WOUNDS. — Contused wounds are those caused by bump- 
 ing against blunt things or are inflicted by a blow or by over-reaching or 
 striking or by being kicked by a horse without a shoe or with a dull shoe. 
 
 WOUNDS AT THE JOINTS.— These are quite often serious for there 
 may be open joint in connection and if so they are not easily treated success- 
 iully. They may be caused by a splinter of wood or by a pitchfork prong. 
 Whenever the discharge is stringy and odorless and the animal very lame it 
 indicates open joint. 
 
 POISONED WOUNDS.— These are those made by a snake but are not 
 common in this country. Of course many wounds are poisoned by things 
 people apply but this should not be the case. 
 
 TREATMENT OF WOUNDS.— In the treatment of wounds it is well 
 to keep in mind that the bleeding should be arrested first. If an artery is 
 opened it should be tied at once with fine silk, linen, or catgut and if it is to 
 be left in it should be a substance which will be absorbed without causing any 
 irritation or suppuration ; hence the necessity of using sterilized catgut. The 
 wound should be irrigated or washed out with one part bi-chloride of mercury 
 and one thousand parts tepid water; then the edges of the wound should 
 be brought together and stitched closely. If the parts are clean when the 
 sewing is done and the animal is kept in a clean place the wound will gen- 
 erally heal rapidly. It must be remembered that if impure air is kept away 
 from a wound it will suppurate less and heal more quickly. There is always 
 a great difference of opinion as to what remedy will heal a wound most 
 quickly. I am of the opinion that many of the simple home remedies are 
 as good as any and a wound generally does well if it has plenty of pure fresh 
 air. Keeping wouijded animals in dirty, filthy stables and barnyards is 
 
 84 
 
HORSE— WOUNDS. 85 
 
 bed practice for they seldom do well. Most of the modern healing remedies 
 are superior to the old ones. I have obtained good results by using peroxide 
 of hydrogen, carbolic acid, coal-tar preparations, acetate of lead, sulphate of 
 zinc, tannin, boric acid, alum, oxide of zinc and bi-chloride of mercury. Use 
 but one of these and of course in water as they should generally be reduced. 
 Nearly all watery lotions should be applied twice a day. If a wound fills 
 with a fungus, burn it with nitrate of silver or other caustic or burn with a 
 red-hot iron. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR WOUNDS, CUTS, ETC.— 
 
 1. Kerosene Oil. — Frequently apply kerosene oil to the cuts. It is an 
 inexpensive remedy but it is as good as anything that can be used. 
 
 2. Lard and Tar. — Mix equal parts of lard and pine tar and apply 
 freely to cuts and sores. This is not only healing but it also keeps the flies 
 away. 
 
 3. Onions and Lard. — Boil onions in lard and make as strong of onion as 
 possible. This should be strained and of course kept clean. Apply to flesh 
 wounds once a day. 
 
 4. Vinegar, Eggs, Turpentine and Ammonia. — Take equal parts of 
 these, shake well, let stand 10 or 12 hours and apply twice a day. 
 
 5. Glycerine and Carbolic Acid. — Bathe the parts with a mixture of 
 one part of carbolic acid with ten or fifteen parts of glycerine. 
 
 6. Alum or Bluestone. — If proud flesh appears it should be treated with 
 either burnt alum or powdered bluestone. 
 
 7. Wounds and Cuts. — To 8 ounces of linseed oil add one ounce of car- 
 bolic acid and one dram each of oxide of zinc and iodoform. This should be 
 mixed thoroughly and applied twice a day. 
 
 8. Burns and Scalds. — Bathe the parts with a solution of common bak- 
 ing soda or a weak solution of sugar of lead. 
 
 9. Lime Water and Linseed Oil for Scalds and Burns. — Apply a mix- 
 ture of equal parts of lime water and linseed oil. This mixture is called " car- 
 ron oil " and is one of the best things known for burns and scalds on either 
 man or beast. 
 
 10. Carbolic Acid and Sweet Oil for Cuts. — Apply one part carbolic acid 
 and ten parts sweet oil to wounds twice a day. 
 
 SCREW WORMS OR MAGGOTS IN WOUNDS.— (See " Cattle De- 
 partment.") 
 
 AIR UNDER THE SKIN.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 . PUNCTURED WOUNDS OF THE FEET.— Punctured wounds are of 
 frequent occurrence in cities and especially about glass works and iron and 
 nail mills. 
 
 CAUSES. — Punctures of the feet are most commonly caused by step- 
 ping on nails, pieces of iron, sharp stones, cinders, broken pieces of glass, 
 sharp snags of wood or any sharp uneven substance. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It is generally not very difficult to tell whether a horse 
 has a punctured foot or not if the accident has occurred a day or two be- 
 fore ; however, in slight cases where the wound is not large or deep, it is very 
 often quite puzzling to locate it. A puncture of the foot should always be 
 regarded as a serious ailment for it is generally done with a dull, hard, and 
 dirty_ substance ; besides, a portion of dirt is generally driven into the foot at 
 the time of the puncture and if the substance remains in any great length of 
 time it is quite likely to set up considerable inflammation. When the snag 
 
86 • THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 or nail is pulled out, dirt and foreign bodies are usually stripped off and left 
 in the foot, thereby producing inflammation which is soon followed by the 
 formation of pus. The foot is usually hot and tender and when the horse is 
 resting he stands upon the toe. In severe cases the leg is sometimes swelled 
 clear to the body and is accompanied with great pain, quick pulse and often 
 loss of appetite and some fever. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Wash the foot clean, search for the seat of injury and 
 if the nail, snag, or other foreign body is still in the foot, pull it out and 
 cut down to the bottom of the wound and allow the pus and dirt to escape. 
 Apply peroxide of hydrogen and ten minutes later apply one part carbolic 
 acid and fifteen parts water ; or, coal-tar disinfectant full strength twice a day. 
 Each day stand the horse in hot water to which has been added one part of 
 bi-chloride of mercury to one thousand parts of water. Clean and well- 
 prepared poultices relieve the pain. Treat these punctures as advised in 
 treating wounds. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR NAIL PUNCTURES.— 
 
 1. Lye Water and Poultices. — Stand the foot in lye made of wood ashes 
 and hot water. After two hours in this lye make a poultice of the lye and 
 some corn meal and apply to the foot keeping on for six hours but changing 
 frequently to keep it hot. 
 
 2. Peach Leaves. — Put some juice obtained from peach leaves into the 
 wound and bind on some of the crushed leaves which should be moistened. 
 This will be found a very effective remedy. , 
 
 3. Coal Tar Disinfectant. — Apply one part coal tar disinfectant and ter- 
 parts water to wound twice a day. 
 
 4. Powdered Borax. — Fill the wound with powdered borax and cover h 
 with cotton batting or wool. 
 
 PRICKING. — Whenever a horse shoer drives a nail into the sensitive 
 foot instead of through the insensitive horn or wall of the hoof, we call it 
 pricking; however, it may have been entirely accidental. 
 
 CAUSES. — In most cases it is the result of carelessness on the part of 
 the horse shoer. A nail sometimes splits, one part going into the sensitive 
 foot and the other going in as it should. Sometimes a nail is driven into and 
 withdrawn from the sensitive foot without even the knowledge of the shoer. 
 Nails fast in boards or frozen ground very often puncture the sole of the foot 
 and pull out. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Whenever a horse steps on the toe and keeps the heel 
 of the foot up, also when it keeps the foot off the ground and the foot is very 
 hot, be sure to examine for foot punctures or pricks. If a nail is driven too 
 high, tap the hoof opposite the nail and if he is pricked this tapping will 
 hurt him. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Remove the cause as quickly as possible and this is 
 best done by pulling out the nail. Treat the puncture as I have directed for 
 punctured wounds. 
 
 WOUNDS OF THE LIPS.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 BITES OF INSECTS AND SNAKES.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 FRACTURE OF THE HIP BONE— HIPPED.— In young animals 
 the little nodule on the extreme angle of the hip is often broken off by 
 blows before it has become firm with the parent bone, but the most common 
 injury of the hip of both young and old are fracture of the bone and a frac- 
 ture of the hip seldom takes place without the point remaining somewhat 
 
HORSE— WOUNDS. 87 
 
 lower than the opposite side and also a little ways in, thus giving the point 
 of the hip a smooth appearance. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by falling on hard ground, by blows, coming in 
 contact with the sides of doors or stall posts and fracturing the bone or bones 
 of the hip. 
 
 TREATMENT. — As a rule the animal should be placed in slings to keep 
 him in a quiet condition until the bones unite. In some cases a fibrous 
 union takes place which means a poor and unsatisfactory recovery; however, 
 if the bones of a young horse are kept in proper position a bony union gen- 
 erally takes place and a satisfactory recovery follows. Hot fomentations 
 relieve the pain somewhat and should be kept up constantly for two or three 
 days after the accident occurs and it is well to apply equal parts of tincture 
 of arnica, laudanum, spirits of camphor and witch hazel, three or four times 
 a day and if this mixture produces pain add some water to it. A hipped 
 horse usually steps a little shorter with his imperfect hip and hitches some 
 when trotting, but many of them are about as useful after the accident as be- 
 fore. If the bones are badly shattered the horse should be destroyed. 
 
 ABSCESS. — Abscesses consist of accumulations of water, serum or 
 pus and are generally held within a wall and may arise in any part of the 
 body. They are usually classed as acute and cold, the latter being of a 
 chronic character. Acute abscesses are generally found in the glands or 
 muscular parts of the body. 
 
 CAUSES. — Abscesses are very often the result of a bruise or injury of 
 some kind or they may be the result of infection ; also, many germ diseases, 
 such as strangles or distemper, appear to terminate in abscesses. Whenever 
 an animal suffers from blood poisoning he is very likely to have an abscess 
 in some part of the body. It is also a common termination of tuberculosis 
 and of lung, kidney and liver diseases. Abscesses very often form in the 
 chest or abdomen. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When an abscess is the result of a bruise it is more or 
 less inflamed and tender, usually increasing in size and tenderness until it 
 is either opened or breaks of itself. When abscesses form in the body the 
 animal usually suffers from chills and fever. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Whenever you think that an abscess is forming the 
 aim should be to hasten its development as rapidly as possible. This is 
 best accomplished by hot fomentations and poultices. The principal object 
 of poultices is to keep up the heat and moisture. Constant application of 
 fomentations of hot water or hot packs or a hot water bag are of great 
 service in hastening suppuration or the forming of pus. I have also found 
 daily applications of the following liniment to have a good effect. Take tur- 
 pentine, one part; aqua ammonia, one part and sweet oil, six parts. If you 
 have ho sweet oil use raw linseed oil. It will do no harm to make these appli- 
 cations twice a day. As soon as the hair plucks out easily and the swelling 
 fluctuates, open and allow the pus to escape. Inject some peroxide, of hydrogen 
 and ten minutes later use one part carbolic acid and thirty parts water or any 
 other useful home healing remedy. Chronic cold abscesses should be opened 
 or cut out if possible. 
 
 COLD ABSCESS.— Cold abscess is a term applied to a swelling 
 that usually contains pus in its center. These abscesses are very often sit- 
 uated on the neck, shoulder, or withers and may be of enormous size and 
 gradually settle down until they are not very large. This pus is usually walled 
 
88 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 in with fibrous, gristle-like tissue. Many times these abscesses apparently 
 do very little harm. 
 
 CAUSES.— They are usually the result of a bruise or an injury of some 
 
 kind. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The swelling is seldom painful on pressure, very often 
 movable an^ not always deep-seated. Swellings of this kind are extremely 
 common on the lower part of the shoulders, on the withers and on the poll 
 or back part of the head. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Whenever they are suspected to contain pus they 
 should be cut open and, if possible, their entire wall removed. Then apply 
 any of the home remedies, such as lotions made of sugar of lead, one ounce to 
 one quart of water; sulphate of zinc, one ounce to one quart of water; sul- 
 phate of copper, one-half ounce to one quart of water; carbolic acid, one part 
 to thirty parts water; or any of the coal tar disinfectants that may be on 
 hand. I have found in the treatment of such cases very little benefit from 
 external applications without opening the abscess; however, if you use any 
 apply tincture of iodine once a day. 
 
 POLL-EVIL. — Poll-evil is an abscess which is usually the result of an 
 injury of some kind affecting the muscles on the upper and fore part of the 
 neck. Little vitality exists in the diseased parts and pus very often burrows 
 down beneath the muscles and remains there until it affects the bones. 
 This ailment is not now nearly so common as many years ago when ceilings 
 of stables were much lower than they are now. * 
 
 CAUSES. — Poll-evil is caused in a variety of ways but it can gener- 
 ally be traced to either direct or indirect injuries, such as striking the head 
 against the upper part of a doorway, wearing badly-fitting halters or 
 bridles, to jumpers wearing a yoke, pressure from over-check, or blows. 
 These are the most common causes of abscess on the poll or head. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is always some swelling, heat and tenderness 
 which, if not relieved, soon spreads and if it persists it indicates the forma- 
 tion of pus. The nose is poked out somewhat to relieve the top of the neck. 
 In some cases a sort of cold abscess forms which does not appear to cause 
 much trouble and a swelling of the muscles remains after the inflammation 
 of the parts has subsided. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment depends upon the stage of the case. 
 If but recently bruised, apply either hot or cold applications and give cooling 
 laxative diet and the recovery takes place quickly. If pus forms, allow it to 
 escape, inject one part peroxide of hydrogen and three parts water slowly twice 
 a day. Then inject some carbolic lotion, one part to thirty of water; or coal- 
 tar disinfectant, one part to twenty of water, twice a day after using the 
 peroxide of hydrogen. (See treatment for bruises and abscesses, also Home 
 Remedies following " Fistulous Withers.") 
 
 FISTULOUS WITHERS.— A fistula is a tube-like channel that dis- 
 charges and is tardy in healing. It may affect any part of the body; however, 
 in horses the poll and withers and heel seem to be the favorite locations fo:' 
 fistulas. 
 
 CAUSES. — They are usually the result of an injury or bruise of some 
 kind causing a swelling to appear on one or both sides of the withers which 
 in a few days may become soft and contain fluid. If left to itself the swell- 
 ing increases, breaks and discharges its contents. The discharge at first is 
 usually thin and watery, containing some blood and later on some yellow 
 
HORSE— WOUNDS. 89 
 
 particles similar to pus. The tendency of the wounds is to heal but not re- 
 main so, filling up and breaking open every few weeks or months. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Open the swelling and allow its contents to escape. 
 Slowly inject one part peroxide of hydrogen and three parts water; this will 
 clean out the pus. Take strips of muslin that have been dipped in per- 
 chloride of antimony and insert in fistula and allow it to remain in for two, 
 three or four days, repeating the application every three or five days. After 
 the wound appears to have been stimulated enough, use mild healing rem- 
 edies, such as carbolic acid and water, one to twenty; bi-chloride mercury, 
 one to one thousand ; chloride of zinc, one to one thousand ; or, dissolve one- 
 half ounce permanganate of potash in one gallon of water and use this ; or, 
 ■use coal tar disinfectant, one part to fifteen of water. When the swelling 
 first appears, hot fomentations or cold packs may prevent efifusion or the 
 forming of pus. In chronic cases I believe in using the knife freely and in 
 some cases it is necessary to remove a portion of the bone before a cure can 
 be efifected. For was'hing out pus and washing off the shoulder, use the 
 peroxide of hydrogen. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FISTULA AND POLL-EVIL.— 
 
 1. Muriatic Acid and Lye. — Cleanse the sore thoroughly and drop on 
 several drops of muriatic acid each day until it looks like a fresh wound; 
 then wash with castile soap suds and let it heal. If there are pipes, a bit 
 of concentrated lye may be wrapped in two thicknesses of white tissue paper 
 and inserted in each pipe. The lye in the pipes and the acid on the sore will 
 cure every case. Keep the bowels-open while administering this treatment. 
 
 2. Preventive of Fistula and Poll-Evil. — At the beginning give oil or 
 salts to open the bowels and then give one-fourth ounce of saltpeter three 
 times a day in the feed or water. Three or four times a day pour cold water 
 from a height upon the inflamed parts. This pouring should be continued 
 for an hour each time. If resorted to in time this treatment will prevent an 
 abscess forming and any further trouble. 
 
 3. For Fistula or Poll-Evil Before the Formation of Pus. — To 6 ounces 
 of alcohol add 4 ounces of camphor gum and 3 ounces each of oil of spike, 
 oil of sassafras, oil of tansy and beef's gall. This will be found a sure cure 
 if applied once a day before the formation of pus. 
 
 SORE BACK— SADDLE GALLS, COLLAR GALLS AND SORE 
 SHOULDERS. — These ailments are usually the result of an exciting cause, 
 such as friction produced from badly-fitting saddles or back pads. This is 
 also true regarding sore shoulders and necks and breasts, which are almost 
 invariably the result of dirty, badly fitting, shoulder or breast collars. The 
 soft, tender shoulders, breast and back of a young horse should be toughened 
 somewhat before he is put to hard work and especially in warm weather; 
 it is seldom necessary in cold weather for horses do not gall nearly sg 
 easily then. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all, if it is possible, remove the cause, which 
 is generally a bad-fitting harness or saddle. When starting 'to work young 
 horses or those who have been long idle, the shoulders should be washed 
 with cold water, adding a tablespoonful of salt to each quart. This should 
 be done not less than three or four times a day. Or, apply the following lotion 
 which is. not expensive and will heal and toughen sore and tender shoulders 
 and backs. Dissolve four ounces of sugar of lead, three ounces of sulphate of 
 
90 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 zinc and two ounces of tannic acid in a gallon of cold water and apply to 
 tender parts four or five times daily. By soaking oak bark in water and mak- 
 ing a tea and applying it the parts will toughen. If the sore is raw apply 
 peroxide of hydrogen twice a day and ten minutes later apply equal parts 
 sub-nitrate of bismuth, oxide zinc, powdered alum and sulphur. Nearly all 
 healing remedies are proper ones to apply to sore shoulders and backs. Re- 
 member it is very important to keep the collar and saddle clean. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— 
 
 1. Copperas and Blue Vitriol. — To a pint of water add one dram of 
 copperas and one-half dram of blue vitriol. Wash the galled spots with soap 
 suds before applying this solution. 
 
 2. Milk and White Lead. — Moisten some white lead with a little milk 
 and apply twice a day to the galled parts. The parts should be washed before 
 each application. ^ 
 

 
 j<ab.-J^^- ■i'^)^'.:-^^- 
 
 
 
 
 
 SECTION OF 
 
 TIIE 
 
 HOOF AND PASTERN. 
 
 
 1. 
 
 Cannon bone. 
 
 
 ]!!. 
 
 Sensitive sole. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Ligament of fetl-^rk 
 
 joinV. 
 
 J 7. 
 
 ITorny sole. 
 
 
 3.' 
 
 E-xtensor pedis Lend 
 
 on. 
 
 1«. 
 
 White line. 
 
 
 4. 
 
 Fetlock joint. 
 
 
 v.). 
 
 Suspensory" ligament. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Os suu'ragini^. 
 
 
 2i\. 
 
 White line. 
 
 
 (;'. 
 
 Skin. 
 
 
 ■21. 
 
 Articular cartilage. 
 
 
 7. 
 
 Capsular ligriniunt. 
 
 
 --. 
 
 Scsamoidian ligaments. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 Os coronie. 
 
 
 2.' I. 
 
 Ergot. 
 
 
 I) 
 
 Coronary hand. 
 
 
 124. 
 
 Flexor pedis ;perforans tendon. 
 
 
 1(1. 
 
 I'erioplic ring. 
 
 
 '2^1. 
 
 Flexor pediSgperforatus tendon 
 
 
 n. 
 
 Coffin joint. 
 
 
 26. 
 
 Pastern joint. 
 
 
 12. 
 
 I'eriuple. 
 
 
 27. 
 
 Plantar cushion. 
 
 
 i:i. 
 
 Os pedis. 
 
 
 28. 
 
 Os navicularis. 
 
 
 14. 
 
 Sensitive lamina:. 
 
 
 2!). 
 
 Sensitive frog. 
 
 
 15 
 
 Horny wall. 
 
 
 ao. 
 
 Horny frog. 
 
 '.t-^MfariV.-- . .^t^v-Sfcttrft; '''»*^W y'vi 
 
DISEASES OF THE FETLOCK, ANKLE 
 AND FOOT. 
 
 (Including Ring-Bone, Side-Bone, Wind-Galls, Corns, Quarter Crack, 
 Sand Crack, Quitter, Thrush, Over-Reaching, Interfering, Knuckling, 
 Founder, Etc.) 
 
 RING-BONE. — Ring-bone is a ring of bony material extending around 
 thre pastern just above the hoof. It is the result of inflammation in the can- 
 cellated tissue of the bone.- We have two kinds of ring-bone — high and low. 
 The high ring-bone affects the pastern joint, while the low kind very often 
 involves the cofSn joint. Sometimes there is a deposit of bony matter on the 
 pastern, affecting no joint. This must be regarded as less serious than either 
 of the other two. In some cases I have known the fetlock to become alTected. 
 
 CAUSES. — As in bone spavin the causes are predisposing, or donstitu- 
 tional, and exciting. The close inbreeding and the mating of sire or dam that 
 suffers or has suffered from ring-bone, are very likely to produce offspring 
 that suffer from this disease, especially if they are subjected to any of the 
 exciting causes to which I shall refer. Hard work and fast driving, also any 
 severe injury to the pastern or foot may produce ring-bone. Improper 
 shoeing is another very common cause. Horses with short, upright pasterns 
 when driven fast on hard roads before they have fully matured are quite 
 likely to suffer from ring-bone. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It is well to keep in mind that a natural enlargement 
 of the parts may readily be mistaken for a ring-bone; consequently, many 
 a sound horse is subjected to torture on account of some ignorant person 
 having pronounced him unsound from ring-bone. Occasionally a ring-bone 
 will form without producing much pain or any lameness, but as a rule the 
 horse shows considerable lameness during the period of its development. 
 When a ring-bone appears on the foreleg the horse steps on his heel. This 
 is done to remove the weight from the toe. When it appears on the hind 
 leg the animal always steps on his toe, and when traveling he brings the 
 foot forward carefully. At first the enlargement is usually soft but later on 
 it hardens. By flexing (bending) the joint or trotting the horse on hard 
 footing it always increases the pain and lameness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment of ring-bone is very similar to that of 
 bone spavin. First subdue the inflammation with either hot or cold applica- 
 tions. Give him rest and apply counter-irritation. If the foot is not level it 
 should be made so and light blisters applied. If they fail, have the animal 
 fired. When blisters and firing fail, try plantar neurectome for it is very 
 often successful in relieving the animal of pain and making him go sound. 
 This operation consists in removing an inch or more of the nerve, either above 
 or below the fetlock, on both sides of the leg. I have known a bar shoe 
 to give considerable relief and I have also known many cases to recover 
 without much rest when the aiiimal was used for slow work on soft footing. 
 
 91 
 
92 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 A ring-bone situated low down should be regarded as a serious ailment and 
 even when the disease has subsided the animal may go stiff on accouni 
 of the joint's being anchylosed. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR RING-BONE, STIFF JOINTS, 
 BUNCHES, ETC.— 
 
 1. Ring-Bone. — Apply equal parts of oil of origanum, corrosive sub- 
 limate and tincture of myrrh. Use this carefully as it is quite severe. This 
 gives excellent results. 
 
 2. Bunches, Stiff Joints and Ring-Bone. — To eight ounces of turpentine 
 add 2 tablespoonfuls of salt and the white of a dozen eggs and apply to 
 bunches, stiff joints or ring-bone,- once a day. 
 
 SIDE-BONE. — This consists of an ossification of the lateral cartilages 
 situated pa'rtly within and partly above the heel on either side of the foot. 
 
 CAUSES. — Side-bones are frequently met with in all heavy breeds of 
 horses and in some horses it is no doubt the result of a hereditary tendency, 
 In the lighter breeds of horses it often produces lameness and is very often 
 the result of keeping the heels too high. Another cause is fast driving on hard 
 roads, which produces a great deal of concussion; it is also the result of in- 
 juries, such as punctures and bruises which set up an inflammation causing 
 ossification of the cartilage. It is often the result of poor shoeing, too much 
 of the pressure being placed on the wall of the foot. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is an enlargement and tenderness of the cartilage 
 with a hardening which produces lameness in some cases. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the horse is to be worked, shoe him with a bar shoe, 
 applying pressure to the frog, bar, sole and wall ; besides, it is important to 
 lower the heel and drive the horse as slowly as possible when on hard roads. 
 It is all the better if driving can be avoided. Subdue the inflammation with 
 hot or cold applications and apply either tincture of iodine, iodine ointment 
 or some good home liniment. Or, apply light blisters of cerate of cantharides, 
 or one part red iodide of mercury and twelve parts lard every few days until 
 a recovery takes place. In my practice and at my hospital I often find it 
 necessary to perform a surgical operation. We sometimes give the animal 
 an anaesthetic after he is cast; or, the operation can be done in a humane 
 and painless manner by injecting a six per cent, solution of cocaine hypo- 
 dermically over 1:he important nerves leading to the foot. When the side- 
 bone is removed, the operation should be performed by a surgeon and the 
 wound kept perfectly clean until it heals. A recovery usually takes place 
 in three or four weeks. There are no cases of side-bone that are incurable 
 under this treatment. 
 
 WIND-GALLS— WIND-PUFFS.— Wind-galls are soft, puffy, bursal 
 enlargements situated on the back part of the leg just above the fetlock joint; 
 however, the same ailment affects horses in different parts of the body in the 
 form of enlarged burscE, in connection with the tendons. In a majority of 
 cases wind-galls are not productive of much harm; however, in some cases 
 they do become hard and tender, producing lameness, especially where a 
 joint is affected. We often meet with bursal swellings in the knee and hock 
 which are, of course, of the same character as a wind-gall and on accoUnt 
 of their location injure the horse. 
 
 CAUSES. — The early cause of wind-galls is generally over-exertion, 
 fast driving on hard roads or pulling too heavy loads and a great many horses, 
 on account of inherited faulty conformation, seem to come honestly by them' 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF FETLOCK, ANKLE AND FOOT. 93 
 
 for very slight exciting causes seem to be productive of them. A horse with 
 straight, upright pasterns is more likely to suffer from wind-galls than a 
 horse that has oblique pasterns ; but the heavy, coarse breeds of horses seem 
 to get them without doing much hard work. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A soft, puffy, painless swelling, without much heat, 
 situated near a joint or a tendon may be called a wind-gall. Chronic wind- 
 galls are very likely to become hard. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In the early stages of this ailment, pressure applied 
 by small pads with a bandage over them has a good effect. Alcoholic stim- 
 ulants or cooling astringents applied to them also have a good effect. Put 
 1/4 pound of sugar of lead and three ounces of muriate ammonia into a gal- 
 lon of water and apply four or five times a day. Or, apply equal parts of 
 spirits of camphor and iodine. Showering with cold water, during the summer 
 time, is very beneficial. When the bunches harden apply iodine ointment. 
 I have sometimes found it necessary to use an aspirator, drawing off the 
 fluid by suction. Sometimes, injecting a weak solution of iodine proved 
 successful; however, opening wind-galls is work for a veterinarian. Wind- 
 galls often retu-n when the horse is put to work. 
 
 CORNS. — A corn is a simple bruise of that part of the sole included 
 between the bars and the wall of hoof at the heel, but later there is generally 
 an increased growth of horn and the formation of a horny tumor which 
 presses on the quick. In other cases the bruise sets up an active inflammation 
 which is soon followed by the formation of matter or pus which, is not 
 allowed to escape, will burrow toward the coronet and break. When this 
 condition occurs it is called quittor. Corns are most common in flat feet and 
 on horses with low heels and are usually situated on the inside quarter. 
 
 CAUSES. — Improper shoeing is no doubt the most common cause of 
 corns. They are caused by allowing horses to wear their shoes too long, 
 keeping the heels too high, using too narrow shoes, fast driving on hard 
 roads, weakening the foot by too much cutting and an uneven distribution 
 of pressure which results from leaving the inner heel too high. In fact, any 
 cause that will produce contraction is likely to cause corns. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal is usually lame and in some cases extremely 
 so, usually pointing the foot if only one be affected. A horse may have a corn 
 and show very little soreness or lameness when walking, but if trotted on 
 hard footing will show it plainly. A very good test to ascertain whether or 
 not he has a corn it to tap the quarter gently with a small hammer or piece 
 of hard wood and if he shows pain it is a good plan to remove the shoe ; but, 
 before doing so, upon tapping the opposite quarter he should show no pain 
 whatever unless a harder blow is struck than on tender quarter. The heel 
 is usually a little feverish and many times pressure applied to the coronet 
 will produce pain and when walking he will show a tendency to trip and 
 stumble. When the shoe is removed the bruised quarter will be found some- 
 what inflamed; or, you will find, perhaps, a small pebble or gravel. How- 
 ever, gentle pressure on the quarter will determine whether the corn is pro- 
 ducing lameness or not. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Remove the shoe and pare down carefully, but never 
 dig down deep with a dirty knife. When the corn is reached the pus will 
 run if there be any present. The sole should not all be cut out and only a 
 small opening should be made to allow the matter to escape. Pour in some 
 
U THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 peroxide of hydrogen or any good home healing remedy. Avoid using caustics 
 or active counter-irritants. Generally speaking, a bar shoe is preferable to an 
 open one. Keep in mind the importance of reheving the quarter arj remov- 
 ing the cause. A three-quarter shoe may be used in some cases. In many 
 cases, especially chronic ones, the corn can be completely removed and the 
 wound healed in two or three weeks ; however, when this is done the opera- 
 tion should be performed by a veterinarian and the foot given good care 
 and kept clean after the operation. 
 
 QUARTER CRACK— CRACKS IN THE WALL.— Cracks in the wall 
 is a condition of the foot due to a separation of the wall of the hoof. It is 
 called sand crack when sand or gravel is found in the sore and when the 
 split in the hoof is near the heel it is called quarter crack. 
 
 CAUSES. — Many horses seem to be predisposed to foot ailments of this 
 kind. They usually have thin, weak hoofs, perhaps flat. It is caused by the 
 heels being kept too high, the hoofs being rasped too thin, injuries to the 
 coronet, soaking the hoofs too much if they are not kept moist afterward and 
 by uneven shoeing. 
 
 TREATMENT.— First of all the foot should be made level and a bar 
 shoe applied carefully so that there is pressure on the sole, bars, frog and 
 wall, except that part of the wall under and near the crack. The edges of the 
 crack should be thinned and the hoof cut through at the coronet. This 
 cut or burn should be at right artgles to the crack, then the wall will grow 
 down solid. A nail should be driven through the edges of the crack and riv- 
 eted; or, a copper plate with Small screws should be applied to the hoof to 
 hold the parts together. Wet swabs or poultices help take out the soreness. 
 Many times, using a three-quarter shoe is the best way to shoe a horse 
 that goes lame from a quarter crack. 
 
 SAND CRACK. — A sand crack is a separation of the wall of the foot 
 running parallel to the fibers of the wall. It shows in the fore part of the 
 hoof and no doubt derived its name from its being so common in sandy 
 countries. 
 
 CAUSES. — Horses with weak, flat feet very often have sand cracks and 
 it would seem as though they came honestly by them. Certain breeds seem 
 predisposed to sand cracks. Keeping the heel too high, lack of moisture, 
 standing on dry floors, and lack of regular exercise are the common causes 
 of sand crack. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The crack usually appears quite suddenly, causing some 
 lameness and, on close examination, a little blood will be found at the 
 top of the hoof. The crack usually commences at the top of the hoof and 
 extends downward. When buying a horse it is well to examine for sand 
 crack for if the hair is long it might be overlooked. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Burn or cut through the hoof at the coronet and draw 
 the edges of the crack together with a nail, clip, or plate and screws. 
 
 QUITTOR. — This disease is indicated by a. swelling on the heel which 
 is generally discharging pus through a sinus or what is commonly called 
 a " pipe." This is a serious ailment when occurring in animals with strong 
 feet. 
 
 CAUSES. — It occurs as a result of bruises, treads, pricks, corns, punc- 
 tures, wounds and quarter cracks. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In many cases lameness is the first symptom noticed. 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF FETLOCK. ANKLE AND FOOT. 95 
 
 On examination a hard swelling is discovered on the heel, which soon opens 
 and discharges pus. Some time later several openings may be discharging 
 matter frorii this same quarter of foot. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If it is possible to ascertain the cause, remove it at 
 once. Foment the foot in warm salt qnd water. If no pus is coming from 
 the bunch, poultice with bran, linseed meal, carrots or antiphlogistine. Cut- 
 ting away any horn that may be pressing on bruised parts or thinning the 
 wall may relieve the swollen heel. If it is the result of a suppurating corn 
 (gravel), open lower part of heel to obtain drainage and use peroxide of hydro- 
 gen ; ten minutes later pack opening with equal parts of iodoform and boric 
 acid and then cover the heel wound with oakum and keep the foot quiet and 
 perfectly clean. If the quarter is open at coronet the wall of heel should be 
 lowered and weakened by thinning it. In some cases the sinus or wall of 
 the abscess, may be scraped out and it may be necessary to remove a portion of 
 the wall in order to get at the abscess. It is well to keep in mind that proper 
 drainage is important, dropping a grain or two of bi-chloride of mercury 
 (corrosive sublimate) to the bottom of a pipe will slough out the sinus. 
 It may be necessary to repeat this application and as soon as the parts appear 
 healthy use peroxide of hydrogen and such astringents, as permanganate of 
 potash, carbolic acid, sulphate of zinc, sugar of lead, or coal-tar disinfectant, 
 but be sure to keep the foot clean and free from external infection. If the 
 lateral cartilages are diseased badly it may be necessary to remove them 
 before a recovery will take place. 
 
 THRUSH. — Thrush is a diseased condition of the fatty frog, or may be 
 an irritation of the sensitive structures of the back part of the foot. It is 
 characterized by an ofifensive discharge from the cleft of the frog. 
 
 CAUSES. — Thrush is often the result of standing in filthy stables or 
 running in filthy barnyards. It may result from inflammation of the coffin 
 joint; standing too much in cold water; stuffing the feet with cow dung or 
 any filthy, irritating foot dressing; and, I might say, it is far more prevalent 
 in warm weather and warm climates. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The most important step to take is the removal of the 
 cause for until this is done you will fail to effect a cure no matter what 
 remedies you may apply. Place the animal in a dry, clean stable ; remove the 
 shoes and apply one part carbolic acid and twenty parts water; or, apply 
 peroxide of hydrogen twice a day; or, apply coal-tar disinfectant, one part, 
 and water, fifteen parts; or, put one ounce sulphate of zinc into one quart 
 of water and apply; or, apply calomel. These remedies should be applied 
 daily no matter which one you use. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR THRUSH.— 
 
 1. Carbolic Acid. — Clean the foot well and pour one part carbolic acid 
 and twenty parts water around the frog twice a day until cured. 
 
 2. Lard, Tar and Blue Vitriol. — Use equal parts of warm lard, pulverized 
 blue vitriol and pine tar. The foot should be well cleaned and the mixture 
 applied once a day for a week and followed with applications of salt for an- 
 other week. If not better at the end of the second week the mixture should 
 be applied again as before. 
 
 3. Turnip and Charcoal Poultice.— Pare away the diseased parts of the 
 horn and for a day or two apply a poultice of boiled turnips to which has been 
 added a handful of powdered charcoal and a few drops of carbolic acid. Then 
 
96 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 clean the parts and apply dry calomel and dress with oakum and apply s 
 bandage. This will be found very effective in the cure of thrush. 
 
 OVER-REACHING— FORGING.— Over-reaching is when a horse in 
 traveling steps on the back part of the forefoot with the hind one. Forging 
 is when a horse which travels much the same way strikes the bottom of the 
 foot or shoe, causing an unpleasant noise. 
 
 CAUSES. — Perhaps the most common cause is peculiar conformation, 
 such as high hind quarters with lower fore quarters. This gives the animal 
 a greater reach, seemingly, than if the hind quarters were lower. Besides, 
 conformation accounts for peculiarity of action ; therefore, line trotters move 
 the hind feet forward under the body instead of opening out wide and going 
 clear and perhaps strike the forefeet. It is also the result of wearing too 
 heavy shoes on the hind feet, thereby lengthening the animal's stride. It is 
 also induced by light shoeing in front. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Wounds or bruises on the back part of the forefeet 
 should cause a suspicion of over-reaching and the condition of his hind toes 
 and marks made on the bottom of the shoe, also a noise when traveling, are 
 all indications of forging. 
 
 REMEDY. — A majority of young colts over-reach and forge. This is no' 
 a bad symptom. However, it very often only occurs while establishing the ani 
 mal's gait. To remedy this ailment the action in the front feet should be in 
 creased, while that of the hind feet should be retarded. Increase the weight q 
 the fore shoes and allow slight rolling motion; behind they should b' 
 shod very light, the toe of foot kept long and a toe calk used with but littlr 
 or no heel. This prevents or rather retards quick action. Where there is k 
 tendency to over-reach and grab the front shoe it should be made as short as 
 possible. Also keep in mind the importance of keeping up the front heels and 
 lowering the hind ones. 
 
 INTERFERING— STRIKING FETLOCK JOINTS.— Neariy every 
 colt when being broken to drive interferes more or less and a great many 
 horses, because of faulty conformation, can hardly avoid interfering. A ma- 
 jority of those that do strike the fetlock, shin or knee with the opposite foot 
 interfere behind, which is not as serious as when they strike in front.' By 
 watching horses closely I find that one-fourth of them strike when traveling 
 and it is safe to say that a larger percentage of trottihg and pacing horses 
 strike. Of course many of them do not strike hard enough to bruise or wound 
 the leg. There are several reasons why so many horses interfere. Improper 
 shoeing is one ; shoeing with too heavy shoes is another ; driving or working 
 horses until they become tired and leg weary is another cause and driving 
 horses on rough uneven footing causes most of them to strike. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is almost impossible to shoe some horses so they 
 will not interfere. These are cases where the animal toes out much in front 
 or has very narrow hips. However, the worst cases can be helped by proper 
 shoeing. In some cases it is necessary to wear boots or pads to protect 
 the shin. Shoe with light shoes instead of heavy ones; keep the foot level 
 and add some weight to inside of shoe — but keep the foot level. If one kind 
 of shoe fails to correct this trouble, have your shoer make a change and as 
 a rule the horse shoer knows best how to correct this trouble. Therefore, 
 I advise horse owners to listen to the shoer rather than to interfere with 
 him. 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF FETLOCK, ANKLE AND FOOT. 97 
 
 PUMICED FOOT. — This disease is the result of an inflammation of the 
 foot that has become chronic for want of proper care at the proper time. 
 I have known neglected cases of founder to terminate in bad cases of pumiced 
 foot. Whenever an effusion takes place in the foot it should be allowed to 
 escape or else it may give rise to a disease of the foot such as I have men- 
 tioned. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— By looking at the sole of the foot it will be found con- 
 vex instead of concave as it should be. The bone of the foot drops and the 
 horse travels much like a foundered horse. 
 
 TREATMENT. — I always apply a wide-webbed shoe with bar and pack 
 the bottom of the foot so as to support the sole and by following up such 
 cases it is astonishing how much each one can be helped even if not made 
 entirely well. A horse in this condition should be used on the farm for 
 slow work, but seldom driven on the road. In some cases treatment will 
 prove quite unsatisfactory and it is better to destroy the horse. 
 
 BREAK-DOWN— RUPTURE OF THE SUSPENSORY LIGA- 
 MENT. — What is understood by a break-down is when a rupture of the sus- 
 pensbry ligament takes place. This ligament is situated between the knee and 
 fetlock and runs between the back tendons and shin bone. In race horses 
 the forelegs are more likely to be aiifected, but in draft horses that are used 
 for heavy pulling the hind legs generally suffer. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When both branches of this ligament are torn loose the 
 lameness comes on suddenly and the animal suffers gre^t pain; the fetlock 
 descends and of course the toe turns up and the leg is swollen and very much 
 inflamed. In mild cases there is scarcely any lowering of the fetlock and not 
 nearly so much inflammation in the leg. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When rupture of the ligament has taken place and the 
 horse is unable to rest any weight on the injured limb, he should be placed in 
 slings and either hot or cold water should be applied to subdue the inflamma- 
 tion and very often it gives relief to apply an elastic bandage. The aim 
 should be to get the leg back into its normal position as quickly as possible. 
 Therefore, a high-heeled shoe and bandages to support the leg are helpful 
 in the treatment of break-down. After the inflammation subsides use any 
 good home liniment and later apply every week some cerate of cantharides 
 to blister the parts mildly. Continue this until he travels sound. 
 
 KNUCKLING— COCKED ANKLE.— When the fetlock joint tips for- 
 ward it is termed knuckling or cocked ankle. The seat of trouble may not be 
 in the ankle but in some other part of the leg. 
 
 CAUSES. — Colts are sometimes born with this weakness, the fetlock 
 being thrown forward and. the pastern being erect, making the colt some- 
 what predisposed to knuckling. In older horses it is generally the result of 
 a sprain of the ligaments of the fetlock or other ligaments or tendons of the 
 leg. Fast driving and heavy pulling are both causes of knuckling. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The fetlock joint is thrown forward too far and the joint 
 rocks back when the animal moves but when standing still is cocked forward. 
 
 TREATMENT — Colts, if they are well fed, recover without anything 
 else being done. In older horses when it is the result of a sprain, give rest 
 and shower with cold water in summer or apply hot water in winter. Apply 
 any home liniment that you have found useful for sprains in man and good 
 results will follow. Apply equal parts of turpentine, aqua ammonia and raw 
 
 3-7 
 
98 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 linseed oil once a day. If you believe it necessary to blister use cerate of 
 cantharides, which every druggist can supply.* There are many liniments and 
 blisters on the market which are equally good in the treatment of knuckling. 
 It is important to keep the heel a little higher than the toe; this your shoer 
 can do, but harm can be done if it is placed too high. 
 
 NAVICULAR JOINT LAMENESS— COFFIN JOINT LAMENESS.— 
 This is an affection of the joint within the foot. The synovial sac, ligaments, 
 tendons or bone may be affected. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is usually a disease of the lighter breeds of horses that 
 are used for road or fast work. It also follows concussion or injuries to the 
 foot from bad shoeing, and it may also arise from stone bruises and contrac- 
 tion of the foot. It may also be a rheumatic ailment affecting this particular 
 joint or it may follow derangement of the digestive organs caused by over- 
 feeding of grain or allowing a fatigued horse to drink too much cold water. 
 These are the common causes; however, there are many other caus^is which 
 have a tendency to produce a diseased condition of the navicular or coffin 
 joint. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.^— The horse points the affected foot ten or twelve inches 
 in advance of the other with the heel slightly elevated when standing quietly 
 in the stable or- in harness after a drive. This pointing may have gone on 
 three or four months before the animal shows lameness. The horse has a 
 tendency to step short, stub the toe and stumble when first driven, but the 
 lameness lessens and he may go sound after traveling a mile or two. How- 
 ever, lameness soon returns. The toe of the shoe wears most; the foot 
 feels hot, especially the back part, and it is sometimes swollen and bulging 
 over quarters and the foot soon commences to contract. Pressing the thumb 
 over the middle of the flexor tendons on either the inner or outer side as low 
 down as it can be reached produces pain. Following chronic lameness, there 
 is more or less atrophy of the limb, which is sornetimes mistaken for sweeny. 
 Tapping the bottom of the foot with a hammer near the heel usually pro- 
 duces pain. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In a majority of chronic cases the treatment is unsatis- 
 factory. However, in recent cases they may get well. First of all, subdue 
 the inflammation with either cold or warm water or poultices and then apply 
 a light blister. Some relief follows shortening the foot and slightly raising 
 the heel. If occurring in the summer season a run on low land that is moist 
 will always help a case of this kind, Frog setons are recommended by some 
 veterinarians, but these should be inserted and the foot looked after by a 
 veterinarian or bad results may follow. When all other remedies have failed 
 to subdue the lameness and effect a cure, cutting the nerves and removing 
 not less than one inch either above or below the fetlock always gives relief. 
 However, certain cases should not be operated on. If the bone is diseased 
 and if the feet are weak and flat the results are not satisfactory. All cases 
 of navicular disease are helped by standing the horse in wet clay and by 
 applying wet swabs while they are in the stable and, as a rule, repeated 
 blisters applied to the coronet do good, but bear in mind that a majority of 
 cases never get well. I have known many cases of coffin joint lameness in 
 the early stages to be relieved by turning the horse into low wet pastures and 
 using him on soft footing instead of on hard roads. 
 
 FOUNDER— LAMENITIS.—Lamenitis is an inflammation of the whole 
 
HORSE— DISEASES OF FETLOCK, ANKLE AND FOOT. 99 
 
 of the sensitive structure of the foot and it occurs in the acute, .sub-acute 
 and chronic forms. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is safe to say that some horses are predisposed to lament 
 itis, for I have I<nown many horses with large bodies, light legs and weak 
 flat feet to suffer from founder without any person being able to assign any 
 exciting cause f,or their trouble. The horse that suffers most pain from lamen- 
 itis is the one with deep round feet. Hard and fast work often causes founder. 
 High steppers are more likely to have lamenitis than if they traveled low. 
 Improper shoeing and feeding too much grain are causes and it sometimes 
 follows parturition. Drinking too much cold water when in a heated condi- 
 tion is also a cause, and there are many other causes which produce founder 
 in horses. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In the acute form of founder (lamenitis) there is always 
 great pain. The animal usually has a chill before the temperature goes up, 
 the pulse is generally full and somewhat quickened and the bowels are 
 generally costive and the urine highly colored. If all feet are affected the 
 animal keeps his feet well under him, but if the two forefeet only are affected 
 he extends them somewhat in front of the body. When required to move 
 he goes on his heels. 
 
 TREATMENT.— In the first state there is very little stiffness but very 
 soon the temperature of the body goes up and a general stiffness sets in which 
 is qviite noticeable. The forefeet should be placed in either hot or cold water 
 and I have obtained the best results from hot water in winter and cold in 
 summer. However, cold water is most easily applied and generally produces 
 good results. Standing the animal in wet clay is fully as good as either hot 
 or cold water. Standing on soft footing gives relief. Give aconite in twenty- 
 drop doses four times a day if he is feverish ; also give a tablespoonful of 
 powdered saltpeter in drinking water twice a day. Keep the bowels open 
 by giving one pound of epsom salts daily, until they open ; or, give one pint 
 raw linseed oil daily until the bowels loosen; or, a dose of Barbadoes aloes 
 and calomel will open them. Walk him on soft ground. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FOUNDER.— 
 
 1. Linseed Oil and Foot Bath. — Stand the front feet in a tub of hot 
 water. Give a pint of linseed oil and repeat the dose in 10 hours if it has not 
 caused a movement of the bowels. Give the horse walking exercise. 
 
 2. Saltpeter. — Take the animal as soon as known to have been found- 
 ered and give a rounding teaspoonful of pulverized saltpeter. Repeat this 
 dose in ten hours and follow with one-half pound of salts. 
 
 3. Oil of Sassafras. — When you first discover that the animal has been 
 foundered give a tablespoonful of oil of sassafras; in six hours repeat this 
 dose and follow with half a pound of salts. In all cases of founder short 
 walks are a help rather than a hindrance to a complete recovery. We are 
 indebted to a Granger living in Pullman, Washington, for this recipe. 
 
 CHRONIC FOUNDER— CHRONIC LAMENITIS— CONVEX SOLES 
 —^Chronic lamenitis and convex soles are generally the result of neglected or 
 bad cases of founder that have made a poor recovery. Whenever a sub-acute 
 inflammation of the feet occurs and lasts for any great I'^^'^th of time the 
 hoofs change in shape and the wall becomes covered with rings and if any 
 great effusion takes place in the foot the sole may drop, giving it a convex 
 shape. 
 
100 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 TREATMENT. — A complete recovery in chronic cases of this kind 
 should not always be looked for or you will be disappointed. When rings 
 have formed on the hoof and the sole has dropped low the case can be helped 
 by putting on a wide webbed shoe, packing the sole with tar and oakum 
 and applying light blisters to the coronet once a week. You can use cerate 
 of cantharides or any good home blister that is not too severe. A horse that 
 has chronic founder should be driven on soft footing, allowed to go slow and 
 his forefeet given good care. He should be well shod and his shoes changed 
 every 4 to 6 weeks. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR HOOF-BOUND AND CON- 
 TRACTED HEELS.— 
 
 1. Hoof Ointment. — Apply one part coal tar disinfectant and six parts 
 vaseline once a day. This is for cracks in the hoof and is also good to aid 
 in growing a new hoof. 
 
 2. Tar, Tallow and Beeswax. — Melt together one pound' of archangel 
 tar, one-half pound of tallow and four ounces of beeswax. Apply twice a day. 
 
 3. Hoof-Bound. — Take 4 ounces of pine tar, 3 ounces of olive oil, and 2 
 ounces each of burgundy pitch, Venice turpentine, rosin and beeswax ; dissolve 
 these and add 2 ounces of spirits of turpentine. Rub well into the hoof once 
 a day for a week or ten days. 
 
 4. Hoof-Bound and Contracted Heels. — Besides applying a good hoof 
 ointment it is well to apply poultices of boiled turnips or linseed meal. This 
 is more in the way of preventive treatment. 
 
VARIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 (Including Inflammations, Influenza, Pink-Eye, Epizootic, Strangles or 
 Distemper, Glanders, Bad Blood, Etc.) 
 
 INFLAMMATION. — This term is usually applied where there is in- 
 creased heat with some redness, pain and swelling. The heat is a result of 
 an increased circulation of blood to the part and no doubt there is a somewhat 
 changed conditipn of the blood. The redness, however, depends upon the 
 quality of blood and sometimes the parts may be dark if the blood is coming 
 from an open vein and a much brighter red if the blood is leaking from an 
 open artery. The swelling of a part does not always produce much pain, un- 
 less the pressure applies to a part of the body liberally supplied with nerves. 
 Pain is very often a well-marked symptom of inflammation as, for instance, 
 in founder. The results of inflammation are numerous. The inflamed parts 
 can often be restored to their normal condition by the use of hot water, or 
 sometimes cold applications. I have found cold applications very satisfactory 
 in hot weather, while hot applications act best during the winter months. 
 When an inflammation of a part goes on for some time there is an exudation 
 which may solidify, then hot applications or an absorbent should be applied 
 to break up the mass. We also find adhesive inflammations following too 
 much exercise, resulting in a permanent thickening of the inflamed parts. 
 We also sometimes find inflammation going on until suppuration takes' place. 
 Finally the abscess bursts and relief comes. As a rule heat hastens this forma- 
 tion of pus ; besides, stimulating liniments and light blisters or poultices have 
 the same efYect. We also find inflammation terminating in gangrene (morti- 
 fication). When this condition exists in a vital organ it is often fatal. How-, 
 ever, it may occur in the lungs or bowels and a recovery take place. Of 
 course when recovery takes place this gangrenous part must slough off. It 
 is well to keep in mind in treating an inflamed part that the cause should be 
 ascertained and removed if possible. As a rule the quieter an inflamed part 
 is kept the quicker a recovery will take place. It is often well to give medi- 
 cine internally as well as to apply it in the treatment of inflammatory troubles. 
 At one time " blood letting " was practiced to reduce inflammation ; however, 
 it is seldom done now by the best veterinarians. There are cases where it 
 proves beneficial, but I find it is often done for a fee by those who do the 
 work, not knowing or believing that it will do the horse any good. Hot or 
 cold water is the best and least expensive local application to reduce in- 
 flammation. Mild stimulating liniments such as are kept in the home are 
 also very useful in reducing inflammation. Aconite, acetanilide or opium will 
 reduce fever and nearly all the saline remedies, such as nitrate, chlorate and 
 carbonate of potassium have a cooling eflfect. It is also a good plan to move 
 the bowels and feed very little grain. Also, feed some vegetables or grass and 
 allow the animal to drink all the cold water he craves, but not too much of 
 it at a time. 
 
 CHILLS. — Chills are usually the result of drinking too much spring 
 
 101 
 
103 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 water or ice cold water and allowing the animal to remain quiet afterwards ; or, 
 a chill may be one of the first symptoms noticed in the commencement of a 
 variety of internal disorders, the result of infection and the commencemeiit of 
 many fevers. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite, shivering, quick breathing and 
 quick pulse soon followed by a rise of temperature. Of course this is not a 
 disease but only a symptom preceding other ailments. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Clothe the animal well, hand rub the legs and bandage 
 over with cotton. Give any of the alcoholic liquors and not less than one-half 
 pint in twice the quantity of cold water and repeat in two hours. Or, give 
 one ounce sweet spirits nitre, one dram tincture nux vomica, four ounces 
 whiskey and a tablespoonful or two of ginger in one quart of water as a 
 drench, every three hours until the surface of the body becomes warm. After 
 the chill is over it is best to give tincture of aconite in 15-drop doses every 
 two hours to reduce the fever. Avoid subjecting the animal to exposure. 
 
 INFLUENZA— PINK-EYE— EPIZOOTIC— LA GRIPPE.— This is a 
 specific, infectious, and contagious fever in horses and mules and after having 
 one attack the animal is usually immune for two years or more. This disease 
 is not by any means a fatal one if the sick animal receives fairly good care 
 and is not exhausted by work or exposed to cold storms when sick. 
 
 CAUSES. — Nearly all cases appear to come from direct infection, the 
 germs being carried through the air a considerable distance. An animal asso- 
 ciating with another that has it and especially if kept in a small or badly ven- 
 tilated stable is pretty likely to contract the disease. The disiease sometimes 
 prevails as an epidemic; at other seasons it is endemic. For some reason 
 the disease appeared in 1873 and 1878 as an epizootic and swept over the 
 United States and Canada. Since then it has not been nearly so prevalent. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — One of the first symptoms noticed is a refusal of the 
 animal to eat grain. This is on account of a high fever and it is not unusual 
 to have the temperature reach from six to eight degrees above normal. The 
 animal is dull, stands with head low, is very dumpish and acts as though 
 sufTering pain. He has chilly spells, the coat becomes dry and staring, the 
 ears hang and the animal is indififerent about moving. The eyes are some- 
 times swollen and almost entirely closed, in some cases with tears dropping 
 over the cheeks. The pulse ranges from sixty to one hundred beats per 
 minute and the respirations are also quickened, the animal breathing from 
 twenty to thirty times a minute. The animal always shows great muscular 
 weakness and if required to move can scarcely walk. There seems to be a 
 total loss of appetite for grain or stimulating food, but a disposition to eat 
 hay and sometimes vegetables and generally there is a great thirst. Follow- 
 ing high fever there is usually some stocking about the fetlocks, in sheath, and 
 under belly and sometimes to an enormous extent. For the first three or 
 four days the bowels are inclined to be costive. This is doubtless on account 
 of the feverish condition of the body. Influenza, on account of its being 
 attended with such high fever, may result in death from either lung or heart 
 complications or brain congestion. As influenza is a specific epizootic fever 
 of a low type, sometimes associated with inflammation of the respiratory 
 organs and always causing an inflammation of the mucous membrane of these 
 organs, it is absolutely necessary to give animals suffering with it good care 
 and proper nursing. This ailment affects animals very much like La Grippe 
 
HORSE— VARIOUS DISEASES. 103 
 
 affects man ; therefore, the same line of treatment that is followed in human 
 practice always proves beneficial to animals. 
 
 TREATMENT.— As costiveness always prevails in the early stages of 
 this sickness it should be overcome by injections of warm water or by giving 
 one-quarter or one-third of a full dose of raw linseed oil to move the bowels 
 gently, but active cathartics must be avoided for if given they generally 
 produce great harm. Experience tells me that animals which are forced to 
 breathe bad air during the night and greater part of the day are more likely 
 to take this disease. It would seem as though fresh air and comfortable 
 clothing were an important and inexpensive remedy. Nobody will deny 
 that influenza is a contagious disease ; therefore, it is important to separate 
 the sick from the well ones as soon as the first symptoms of the disease 
 show, for by doing so its spreading may be prevented. Medical remedies 
 given should support the system and assist nature to throw off the disease. 
 Give two or three drams of chlorate of potash in drinking water three or 
 four times a day; or, give a teaspoonful of powdered saltpeter at a dose in 
 drinking water three or four times a day. Give the animal plenty of cold water 
 and remember that chlorate of potash is one of the best remedies for influenza. 
 In sofee cases baking soda given in water three times a day, a tablespoonful 
 at a dose, has a good effect. When a stimulant is required give liq. acetate 
 ammonia, two or three ounces at a dose, every three or four hours; or, give 
 alcohol, whiskey or wine. In some cases give whiskey, eggs, and milk as a 
 nutritious stimulant. If the throat is sore apply antiphlogistine or apply 
 equal parts of turpentine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil lightly once a day. If 
 the lungs are affected apply light applications of mustard and water or hot 
 packs. Benefit may follow steaming the throat. In the convalescent stage 
 give tonics, such as sulphate of iron, quinine, gentian, cinchona, quassia or 
 cod liver oil and don't forget to groom the animal twice a day. In conclusion 
 let me say that I have always found the treatment of influenza very satisfac- 
 tory if taken in time, but if old horses are affected remember that their re- 
 covery will be much slower and not as satisfactory as in young animals. 
 
 STRANGLES OR DISTEMPER.— Strangles is an acute infectious and 
 contagious febrile disease peculiar to the horse, mule and ass and is character- 
 ized usually by an abscess forming in some part of the body, but 'generally 
 in the throat. This disease is most common in young horses. However, old 
 horses sometimes have distemper. It is seldom that a horse has more than 
 one attack. This ailment requires six or eight days to develop. Strange to 
 say, when young horses are moved from one locality to another they are 
 almost sure to become infected. 
 
 CAUSES. — Distemper is due to an organism, a streptococcus, making this 
 a contagious disease. Very few public stables are free from distemper infec- 
 tion. However, this is not by any means a fatal illness. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal first appears dull and stupid, the eyes soon 
 begin to water, the temperature begins to rise, the coat begins to get rough 
 and there is generally a loss of appetite and some discharge from the nostrils. 
 The throat usually swells and an abscess begins to form under the lower jaw, 
 unless it is a case of irregular strangles ; then an abscess may form in any 
 other part of the body, making the case much more serious and difficult to 
 treat successfully. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment of strangles, as it generally occurs, is 
 not difficult. Place the animal in a comfortable, clean, well-ventilated stable 
 
104 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 in winter time, or turn him out to pasture in the summer. Fresh air and good 
 care have much to do with bringing about a recovery. Poultice the throat or 
 apply equal parts of turpentine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil to the swollen 
 glands daily. Hot fomentations induce suppuratioii ; so do all stimulating 
 liniments. When the abscess softens it should be opened with a dull knife 
 and near the lower part to allow proper drainage. Inject a little peroxide of 
 hydrogen twice a day; ten minutes later inject one part of carbolic acid and 
 thirty parts water; or one part coal tar disinfectant and twenty parts water; 
 or any other good home healing remedy and the abscess will soon heal. If 
 the animal has much fever give twenty drops of tincture of aconite five times 
 a day. Feed a cooling laxative diet instead of much grain. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES.— For Strangles or Distemper.— 
 
 1. Steaming. — Fill a bucket with hay , and bran and mix in some tar ; 
 over this pour hot water and steam the horses head with the vapor which 
 arises. Belladonna leaves may be used in place of the tar if desired. This 
 relieves the inflammation of the mucous membranes and eases the cough. 
 
 2. Gentian, Resin, Ginger and Baking Soda. — To half a pound of ground 
 gentian add a pound each of resin, ginger and baking soda. Each should be 
 powdered and the whole well mixed. The dose is a tablespoonful three-times 
 a day in feed, or given with a spoon. 
 
 3. Salts, Soda or Nitre. — Do not expose the horse to cold rainstorms and 
 if there is much fever give one-half teacupful of Glauber's salts twice a day. 
 Also give a tablespoonful of baking soda and a teaspoonful of nitre twice a 
 day. 
 
 4. Turpentine, Camphor, Olive Oil and Ammonia. — To 4 ounces of olive 
 oil add one ounce each of spirits of turpentine and spirits of camphor and one 
 and a half ounces of aqua ammonia. Rub the throat with this liniment once 
 a day. If the throat is swollen badly the application of a hot poultice of oil 
 meal will give relief. It is also well to keep the bowels open with either raw 
 linseed oil or salts. 
 
 5. Distemper in Colts. — Give from 4 to 6 ounces of epsom salts. Give 
 warm bran mashes or linseed or oatmeal gruel. The colt should be kept 
 warm and if the legs seem cold they should be rubbed with cloths dipped 
 in hot mustard water. 
 
 6. Tobacco Tea. — To a quart of water add an ounce of tobacco and boil 
 to make a tea. Bathe the throat with this tea as hot as it can be borne. 
 
 7. Saltpeter, Etc. — Mix equal parts of saltpeter and chlorate of potash 
 and give a teaspoonfijl on the tongue two or three times a day, or dissolve 
 in water and let him drink it. At the beginning the hair should be clipped 
 from the throat and twice a day a mixture of white wine vinegar and Spanish 
 flies should be applied. Use one-fourth ounce of powdered Spanish flies to 
 a quart of the vinegar. Keep this mixture in a warm place. 
 
 8. Mustard and Pepper. — Mix equal parts of mustard and cayenne pepper 
 with enough water to make a thin paste and apply to the throat and under 
 part of neck and chest. When the abscess softens it should be opened. 
 
 SHIPPING FEVER.— The term " shipping fever " is a common expres- 
 sion of horse dealers and means either influenza, strangles, catarrhal fever or 
 sore throat. For further information the reader is referred to these subjects. 
 
 LYMPHANGITIS— WATER FARCY— WEED— BIG LEG— MON- 
 DAY MORNING DISEASE,— These ailments are all the same disease, but 
 are known by different names. It consists in an inflammation of the lym- 
 
HORSE— VARIOUS DISEASES. 105 
 
 phatic glands and vessels, usually affecting the extremities of the horse and 
 generally one leg only, which becomes enlarged. The heaviest breeds of 
 horse's are predisposed to lymphangitis much more than the lighter breeds 
 and it generally affects good feeders. 
 
 CAUSES. — As I have stated, the heavy, fleshy horse is the most likely to 
 become affected. However, the disease may occur in the light thoroughbred 
 horse. A common cause is resting a hard working animal for a few days 
 and feeding him as much or more grain than he would have been given had 
 he been working. When a horse rests, especially if he is a draft horse, his 
 grain supply should be reduced one-half or more, his bowels should be kept 
 open and his stable well ventilated. Another cause is an injury, either mak- 
 ing a wound or bruising the lymphatic glands. It also follows debilitating 
 diseases but it usually follows high feeding and no exercise. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The disease sets in with rigors which are sometimes 
 -severe, the animal trembling violently. The mouth is hot, breathing is quidk, 
 temperature goes up, the horse soon becomes lame and in some cases the 
 animal lies down and is unable to get up without assistance. The symptoms 
 of lymphangitis are all very plain and should be readily recognized by any 
 one who understands horses. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment of lymphangitis should- be energetic but 
 careful and, although this treatment is not popular nowadays, I have obtained 
 good results from blood-letting and giving a full dose of cathartic medicine, 
 such as aloes, from five to eight drams, with thirty grains of calomel in two 
 drams of ginger and made into a bolus and given at one dose. Or, give one 
 quart of raw linseed oil. Give one-half ounce doses of powdered saltpeter 
 night and morning or give one-half ounce of citrate of potash twice daily. Fo- 
 ment leg with hot water, do not feed grain, gently hand rub the leg and soon 
 give walking exercise. Never apply hot, irritating liniments or blisters ; use 
 hot water. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR WATER FARCY.— 
 
 1. For Farcy Caused by Indigestion and Run Down Condition. — Mix 3 
 ounces each of saltpeter, sulphur, anise seed and cream of tartar. Divide into 
 12 powders and give in soft feed for 12 consecutive meals. 
 
 3. Oxide of Zinc. — Apply zinc ointment which is made by adding a dram 
 of oxide of zinc to an ounce of vaseline. 
 
 3. Sugar of Lead. — Bathe the parts freely with a solution of one ounce of 
 sugar of lead to a quart of water. Keep the bowels open. 
 
 GOITRE— BRONCHOCELE— ENLARGEMENT OF THE THY- 
 ROID GLAND. — This is an enlargement of the thyroid gland situated on each 
 side of the neck about 6 or 7 inches from the angle of the lower jaw. Al- 
 though this is one of the oldest diseases known it is by no means well under- 
 stood. It is epidemic in all mountainous districts the world over and is very 
 prevalent in a belt of country extending from Quebec, Canada, to Duluth, 
 Minnesota. It is also very prevalent in Michigan and certain other parts of 
 the United States. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Iodine seems to be a specific for this ailment and may 
 be applied externally or given inwardly. I have obtained good results by 
 injecting some iodine into the gland or by applying iodine ointment or tinc- 
 ture of iodine to the gland daily or by giving dram doses of iodide of potas- 
 sium or even larger doses twice a day until the gland reduces. In obstinate 
 cases increase the dose or apply red iodide of mercury, one part; iodine, one 
 
106 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 part and lard, eight parts. There are also other remedies which have given 
 me fairly good results. 
 
 WEAKNESS IN LEGS OF FOALS.— This is a very common ailment 
 of foals and is no doubt the result of their mothers having had improper care 
 or having been over worked and not fed sufficient nutritious food or having 
 stood still without exercise in a foul, badly ventilated stable. Or, she may 
 have been supplied with altogether too much nutritious fat-producing food 
 without enough exercise. I find mares that are fed on an unbalanced ration and 
 that are kept in badly ventilated barns are inclined to have weak colts. Be- 
 sides, mares that are not exercised enough up to foaling time grow weak 
 themselves and are quite likely to have weak foals. Another very common 
 cause of weakness in foals is want of proper nourishment after they are born ; 
 also, neglecting the treatment of navels and allowing them to become in- 
 fected, thus causing fever and considerable weakness. This, of course, shows 
 in the body, but perhaps not so much so to the casual observer as the weak- 
 ness in the legs, which everybody can see plainly. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Colts should be kept warm when they are born, dried 
 promptly, either by care from the mother or by clothing or rubbing them 
 with soft towels and you should never let a colt or any young animal chill. 
 The navel of every colt should be treated for safety. Apply any good healing 
 remedy such as one part carbolic acid and fifty parts water, one part bi-chlor- 
 ide mercury and 1,000 parts water, or dust on some boric acid powder or 
 apply peroxide of hydrogen, then apply iodoform or some coal-tar disinfectant, 
 one part to twenty of water, and continue applying remedies until the navel 
 dries and heals perfectly. The udder of a mare should be washed clean and 
 if soap and water are used all the soap should be washed ofif with warm water 
 before the colt is allowed to suck. If her first milk does not prove laxative 
 use a little glycerine, sweet oil or soap to lubricate the inside of the rectum. 
 Proper food supply and good care are what they need — not liniments. 
 
 TUMORS. — Tumors are unnatural enlargements situated in different 
 parts of the body and they very often differ in their nature and structure. 
 The tendency of some are to continue growing while others reach a certain 
 point of development, then cease to grow. The removal of tumors should be 
 done in one of two ways — either by a surgical operation, or by applying iodine 
 or giving different preparations of iodine internally, thus causing their ab- 
 sorption. Apply either tincture of iodine or iodine ointment. Give iodide of 
 potassium or syrup of iodide of iron daily, until the bunch is reduced. 
 
 RICKETS. — Rickets occur in all lower animals but perhaps the puppy 
 is the most often affected. This disease is generally brought on by feeding 
 an unbalanced ration. 
 
 CAUSES. — The colts from sires that have been over taxed seem to be 
 more susceptible to rickets than any others. Weaning young animals too 
 soon, feeding food which is unlike milk in nutritive properties and forcing 
 quite young animal's to live on food such as old ones eat, are common causes 
 of rickets. The young animals cannot digest food that older ones do; conse- 
 quently, they are weak and the bones may bend. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The bones bend on account of their containing too much 
 animal and not enough earthy matter. There is generally considerable weak- 
 ness. This accounts for much of the unsoundness of young stpck. 
 
 TREATMENT.— In the treatment of rickets the cause should be found 
 and removed if possible. If the animal is still sucking, then its mother is at 
 
HORSE— VARIOUS DISEASES. 107 
 
 fault and by changing her feed the colt will soon get better. Feed the mother 
 a balanced ration, keep her in good health and never wean young animals 
 until they have learned to eat and, when weaned, feed them a mixed diet with 
 some milk. Lime is usually the best remedy and if the bowels are too costive 
 give either sweet oil, castor oil or raw linseed oil. The weak legs should be 
 supported with bandages and, sometimes, splints. I have obtained good 
 results by giving cod liver oil and syrup of phosphates. However, the most 
 important thing to study is the food supply. When the animal is weak, keep 
 it on smooth footing. ■ 
 
 OSTEO-POROSIS— BIG HEAD.— This is a disease that usually attacks 
 colts before they are four years old. However, it does affect older horses. It 
 generally develops without showing much soreness. The bones of the head 
 are the most likely to become affected. 
 
 CAUSES. — While the cause is not well understood, the disease seems 
 to appear when colts run on pasture lands which are deficient in the salts or 
 lime and when stock run on low swamp lands and eat grass whi'^h grows in 
 the shade and lacks nutritive qualities. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Without any warning the bones of the head commence 
 to enlarge and grow soft and if the bones of other parts of the body become 
 affected the ligaments or muscles may lose their attachment and pull off. In 
 many cases the colt shows lameness which is generally diagnosed as rheu- 
 matism. However, if a careful examination had been made the real cause 
 would have been learned. 
 
 TREATMENT. — There must be sorne fault in the assimilation of food 
 or the quality of food furnished the animal ; or, it may depend on the kind of 
 place in which the animals are stabled. Basements that are damp and dark 
 seem to favor its development. The best results follow good care, proper 
 feeding, good grooming, giving plenty of vegetables or pasturing on high 
 ground. Give tonics such as iron, cinchona, gentian, fenugreek, nux vomica, 
 cod liver oil and phosphate of iron. No treatment will help advanced cases. 
 External applications never do any good unless they are applied very early. 
 
 GLANDERS, OR FARCY.— Glanders is a malignant disease of an infec- 
 tious and contagious character and is caused by tlie spread of a specific 
 organism, the bacillus mallei. The lymphatic glands are generally affected 
 and it usually affects the air passages. It is well to keep in mind that farcy 
 is the same disease as glanders but is generally seen on the surface of the 
 body. It is an incurable disease and a very loathsome one, affecting men as 
 well as sheep, goats, dogs, cats, mice and rats; but cattle never take it. The 
 disease has existed two thousand years or more. A remedy has never been 
 found that seems to cure it. However, we are pleased to know that it is not 
 nearly so prevalent as it was many years ago. 
 
 CAUSES. — Some of our ancient writers claim the disease can have a 
 spontaneous origin, but this is nonsense for there is only one cause and that 
 is the presence of the germ, bacillus mallei. I have met with many a case of 
 genuine glanders where I was unable to trace the contagion but the animal 
 must have become inoculated with the virus. Any animal in a weakened con- 
 dition will contract the disease much more readily than if strong and well. 
 Stabling too many horses in poorly ventilated stables helps spread it if a 
 diseased one be amongst them. I have known a horse to work a year with a 
 horse that had glanders and not become diseased, but remember that this is 
 an exception. No matter in what way the virus enters the body it may infect 
 
108 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 another. An acute case is much more contagious than a chronic one. The 
 period of incubation is from four to eight days but chronic glanders may- 
 break out at any time within ten or twelve months. I have often found cases 
 of glanders where gypsies have " swapped " horses and where horse traders 
 have operated, shipping horses into the country from large cities. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In chronic glanders there may be no clinical symptoms 
 that will lead you to decide that the horse has glanders. However, if you 
 are at all suspicious and know of his having been subjected to the contagion 
 the " mallein " test should be applied for this will pretty correctly determine 
 whether or not he has glanders. It can be safely said that glanders is the 
 most insidious disease that the horse is heir to for he may have it for years 
 and not show it, the virus remaining latent in the system ready to show itself 
 under favorable conditions. The disease is usually ushered in with a chill, 
 the temperature goes up and sometimes the disease assumes an acute form. 
 Some time later a slight discharge comes from one nostril, perhaps more ofteh 
 from the :-;~ht nostril than from the left. This discharge is rather greenish 
 at first, soon changing to yellow. It is very often highly charged with al- 
 bumen which accounts for its sinking readily in water. Sometimes the horse 
 coughs ; his coat becomes dry ; the mucous membrane of the nose is covered 
 with pimples which point, open and remain sore, healing slowly and always 
 leaving a scar. The glands of the body are affected but more especially at 
 the angle of the jaw and in many cases they seem to cling to the bone and 
 have a peculiar feeling to the touch. The mallein test can always be depended 
 upon for I have never known it to fail even in cases where post-mortem showed 
 quite slight lesions. In cases of farcy it acts equally well. There is, as I 
 have said before, no difference between glanders and farcy only in the manner 
 in which the disease manifests itself, affecting different parts of the body. 
 
 THE MALLEIN TEST. — Ascertain the normal temperature of the 
 horse ; clean and disinfect a selected spot on the neck or shoulder ; then inject 
 from 15 to 20 minims of mallein under the skin. Commence taking the tem- 
 perature six hours later, taking it every two hours until the twentieth hour. 
 If the temperature rises from two to six degrees above normal, then you may 
 safely decide that the horse has glanders. The normal tempsrature is one 
 hundred and one-fifth degrees, Fahrenheit. 
 
 TREATMENT.— There is no remedy for glanders. 
 
 POST-MORTEM. — We find ulcers in the nose generally high up and the 
 bones may be diseased with the septum nasi, or wall between the nostrils, 
 almost gone. Sometimes there are ulcers in the throat and windpipe 
 and shiny nodules in the lungs. Just a word of caution : working around a 
 glandered horse is dangerous; cutting up one that died or was killed because 
 he had glanders is dangerous work. Therefore, you are warned to be very 
 careful if you have sores on the hands. The body of the horse should be 
 )>urned or buried under the ground to prevent contagion. The stable should 
 be thoroughly disinfected. 
 
 RHEUMATISM— SHIFTING LAMENESS.— Rheumatism is a disease 
 which affects both the muscles and joints of the body and very often shifts 
 from one part to another. 
 
 CAUSE. — Rheumatism of the muscles is generally the result of exposure 
 when in an exhausted or heated condition, while rheumatism of the joints is 
 due to some micro-organism in the blood, which is deposited in or around the 
 joints. Certain animals seem to inherit a predisposition to rheumatic ail- 
 
HORSE— VARIOUS DISEASES. 109 
 
 ments. Disorders of the digestive or respiratory organs and the kidneys have 
 no doubt something to do with the system's becoming loaded with abnormal 
 and probably acid elements which may give rise to pain in the muscles, ten- 
 dons, joints and bursa. Following many germ ailments it is not unusual to 
 have the joints inflamed and the inflammation shift from one joint to another. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A shifting lameness passing from one joint to another 
 indicates a rheumatic ailment. The joints aflected are not always swollen. 
 The animal is slightly feverish with a quick pulse and the affected parts very 
 seldom suppurate. Sometimes, when the muscles are affected they contract, 
 producing pain and causing the animal to travel with a peculiar gait. When 
 the joints are affected the animal suffers considerable pain and shows great 
 lameness, while if the muscles are affected it produces stiffness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The animal should be placed in a comfortable, dry 
 stable that is well ventilated but warm, and the body should be clothed prop- 
 erly. Give at one dose from five to eight drams of aloes, twenty grains of 
 calomel and two drams of ginger, made into a bolus. This will open the 
 bowels. Or, give eight or ten ounces of epsom salts or a pint or more of raw 
 linseed oil- at a dose daily until the bowels move rather freely and feed well 
 salted bran mashes or vegetables to keep the bowels open. Give one dram 
 of iodide of potassium at a dose two or three times a day, or a tablespoonful 
 of powdered saltpeter two or three times a day, or a tablespoonful of salicy- 
 late of soda at a dose two or three times a day. Or, give one dram of pow- 
 dered colchium, or fluid extract will do, and one dram salicylic acid or three 
 drams of powdered nitrate of potash at a dose three times a day. Apply 
 mustard anc' water or some good home liniment to inflamed muscles or joints 
 twice a day. 
 
 RHEUMATISM IN COLTS— LEAKING OF THE NAVEL- 
 SWOLLEN JOINTS — The navel of a young colt should never be allowed 
 to leak after birth and should always be treated for fear of germs entering 
 the body through this channel, bringing on rheumatism and' swollen joints. 
 When the navel leaks blood apply Monsell's solution of iron or adrenalin or 
 tie the cord with silk or take a stitch around the leaking blood vessel. If it 
 leaks water, apply astringents such as powdered alum, one ounce, and sugar of 
 lead, one ounce, dissolved in a pint of water. Apply this solution to navel 
 three or four times a day, also dust on equal parts of iodoform, boric acid, 
 powdered alum and tannic acid ; or, apply one part coal tar disinfectant and 
 fifteen parts water or one part coal tar disinfectant and four parts vaseline. 
 When the joints of a colt only swell do not apply blisters nor open them, for 
 if you do it will generally result in death or the colt will be ruined. Apply 
 equal parts of extract of witch hazel, alcohol and water. Take good care of 
 the mare, feed her properly, keep her udder clean and continue treating the 
 navel of the colt. Also avoid tight bandages, for when applied to the tender 
 legs of a colt, especially in hot weather, they are likely to do harm. Kindly 
 understand the importance of not interfering too much with nature for young 
 colts usually outgrow ailments of this kind. When pus forms in the joint 
 as it sometimes does, open and allow proper drainage and apply weak anti- 
 septic healing remedies, protecting the parts from filth and flies. 
 
 IMPURE BLOOD — BAD BLOOD. — This is an abnormal condition of 
 the blood brought on by a variety of causes such as would result from expo- 
 sure and a limited supply of poor food or badly cured fodder or by feeding 
 too much nutritious food without the animal's having sufficient fresh air and 
 
110 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 exercise ; besides, it often occurs when animals are kept in damp, filthy, base- 
 ment stables and are not kept clean. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — An unthrifty condition; rough coat; scaly condition of 
 the skin, very often with pimples; stocking of the legs and dullness of the 
 animal with weakness are the general symptoms of bad blood. However, 
 highly fed horses with skin eruptions may have impure blood. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the horse is very fat, give a purgative of aloes or 
 epsom salts or raw linseed oil and cut down his food supply. Give a tea- 
 spoonful of powdered saltpeter, two tablespoonfuls of baking soda and two 
 tablespoonfuls of powdered wood charcoal at a dose in feed two or three 
 times a day. If occurring in the summer, turn the horse to grass but if occur- 
 ring in the winter; salt him well, give mixed hay, well cured corn fodder and 
 also plenty of grain and vegetables. It is also important to groom him well 
 and give him daily exercise. Nearly all animals that suffer from febrile 
 diseases are likely to have impure blood. The treatment I have prescribed 
 for chronic indigestion will help cases of this kind. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME RECEIPTS FOR CONDITION POWDERS.— 
 
 1. Tonic and Blood Purifier. — Take an ounce each of buchu leaves, digi- 
 talis leaves, skunk cabbage root, cream of tartar, epsom salts, black antimony, 
 fenugreek seed and carbonate of iron ; two ounces each of bark of the root of 
 sassafras, elecampane root, gentian root, ginger root, rosin and saltpeter and 
 six ounces of sulphur. Directions. — Each should be finely pulverized and the 
 whole should be thoroughly mixed and kept in air-tight boxes. Give a' table- 
 spoonful twice a day in bran mash for two weeks. 
 
 2. Relaxing Condition Powder for Use in Scratches, Grease Heel, Etc. — 
 Take 3 ounces each of mandrake, gentian, epsom salts, skunk cabbage, blood 
 root, golden seal, and stillingia; four ounces each of licorice root, sulphur, 
 coriander seeds and ginger root; 3 ounces each of lobelia and nitre and 4 
 ounces of powdered copperas. These should be powdered and mixed thor- 
 oughly. The dose is a tablespoonful daily in feed. A pint of sassafras tea 
 daily will aid the action of this condition powder. 
 
 3. Condition Powder. — Take 1 ounce of tartar emetic, 2 ounces each of 
 gentian root, epsom salts and juniper berries and 3 ounces each of fenugreek, 
 elecampane and ginger. Powder and mix thoroughly and give a tablespoon- 
 ful in bran mash twice a day. 
 
 4. Condition Powder for Run Down Horses. — Add one-half part of cay- 
 enne pepper to one part each of cream of tartar, gentian, fenugreek, saltpeter, 
 sulphur, black antimony, rosin and ginger. Mix thoroughly and give a 
 tablespoonful once a day in bran. 
 
 5. Condition Powder for Purifying the Blood, Removing Worms and 
 Cleansing the Stomach and Bowels. — Pulverize and mix thoroug .ly equal 
 parts of sulphur, rosin, cream of tartar, saltpeter, ginger, poplar bark, cop- 
 peras, blood root, buchu, fenugreek and senna. The. dose is a tablespoonful in 
 feed once or twice a day. 
 
 6. Condition Powder for Stallions. — Take 4 ounces each of madder and 
 white rosin ; 3 ounces each of gentian root, black antimony, fenugreek seed, 
 ginger root and sulphur, 2 ounces of anise seed and one ounce of Spanish 
 flies. Each should be finely powdered and the whole should be thoroughly 
 mixed. Toward the end of the season give the stallion a slightly rounding 
 tablespoonful in his morning feed. 
 
HORSE— VARIOUS DISEASES. Ill 
 
 7. Blood Purifier. — Mix equal parts of sulphur, sassafras, powder of man- 
 drake and cream of tartar and give a tablespoonful in the grain once a day. 
 
 PERICARDITIS.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 PLETHORA.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 ANEMIA.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 BLOOD POISONING — PY/EMIA — SEPTICffilMIA.— (See "Cattle 
 Department") 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE VEINS— PHLEBITIS.— (See "Cattle 
 Department.") i 
 
 BLEEDING— BLOOD LETTING.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 DISEASES OF THE SPLEEN.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
 TAPPING THE CHEST.— (See " Cattle Department.") 
 
CATTLE. 
 
 Anatomy of Cattle, General Symptoms of Disease, Action of Drugs, How 
 
 To Give Medicine, Etc. 
 
 ANATOMY OF CATTLE.— The bones and joints of the ox are known 
 by the same names as those of the horse ; however, there is some difference in 
 their skeletons. The ox has only thirteen pairs of ribs while the horse has 
 eighteen pairs. The horse has a rounder breast bone than the ox. The ribs 
 of the ox are united to the breast bone by joints while the horse's ribs are 
 united by cartilage. Because of the difference in the construction of the 
 chest the horse has more breathing space when standing up and the cow 
 when lying down. This is why the horse- stands up and the cow lies down 
 when suffering from pneumonia or other lung diseases. The head of the horse 
 is narrower, especially the upper part. The skull of the ox has two bony 
 projections, one on each side, which extend into the horns and are hollow. 
 The ox has two small cardiac bones, (heart bones) and the horse has none. 
 The ox has a divided foot while the horse has not and of course the bones 
 are different. 
 THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS.— 
 
 THE UPPER LIP of the ox is thick and hairless and when the animal 
 is healthy and free from fever., the smooth part should be moist. 
 
 THE CHEEKS on the inside are covered with numerous little tufts 
 which give them a rather peculiar appearance. 
 
 THE TONGUE of the ox is rough on its upper surface and thicker at its 
 base than that of the horse. It is used to pull food into the mouth. 
 
 THE SALIVARY GLANDS are not unlike those of the horse and of 
 course perform the same function. 
 
 THE TEETH of the ox and horse differ very much. The ox has no front 
 teeth in the upper jaw, their place being filled by a pad of hard tissue. The 
 lower row of teeth, when grazing, press against this pad, therefore it serves 
 almost the same purpose as the teeth would ; however, it is a mistake to be- 
 lieve that cattle can thrive on as short pasture afe horses or sheep. There are 
 eight teeth in the lower jaw and the molars (grinders) are similar to those of 
 the horse but smaller and rougher on their surfaces. The ox has thirty-two 
 teeth, eight in front and twenty-four back. 
 
 THE SOFT PALATE.— In the ox this is small and does not close the 
 opening from the mouth to the pharynx and in this respect it diffefs from the 
 same organ in the horse. 
 
 THE PHARYNX AND GULLET.— In the ox the pharynx is consider- 
 ably larger than in the horse. The oesophagus or gullet, which conveys the 
 food to the stomach, is unusually well developed. The fibers in the gullet have 
 a sort of double action and when the animal is eating it carries the food from 
 the mouth to the stomach but when the animal is chewing the cud (rumin- 
 ating) the fibres act in the opposite way and the gullet then conveys the food 
 from the stomach to the mouth and of course returns it to the stomach 
 when masticated. 
 
 m 
 
CATTLE— ANATOMY, ETC. 113 
 
 THE STOMACH. — The stomach of the ox is a very important organ 
 and has a capacity of from 50 to 65 gallons and has four compartments. The 
 first is called the rumen or paunch; the second is called the reticulum and 
 presents a honey-comb appearance; the third is called the omasum or many- 
 plies ; and the fourth is called the true stomach or abomasum. The real pr&cess 
 of digestion is carried on mostly in the fourth compartment; however, the 
 first three play an important part in the preparation of the food for the fourth 
 or true stomach. The rumen, or paunch, occupies about three-quarters of the 
 belly cavity and is attached to the left side by ligaments and thus held in 
 position. It is important for the reader to remember the position of the 
 paunch for many times it is necessary to tap cattle for hoven (bloating). It 
 should always be done on the left side and into the rumen. This compart- 
 ment has two openings, one for the food to enter and the other for its exit: 
 both of these openings are in the front side, the food passing from here into 
 the reticulum. In this compartment the entrance is in front and the exit in 
 the back part. The function of this organ is to help in the preparation of 
 food for its return to the mouth for remastication. From the reticulum the 
 food passes into the omasum, which is situated on the right side of the paunch. 
 The food, passing from here, goes into the true stomach to be digested and 
 from here the food passes along into the small intestines. 
 
 THE INTESTINES OR BOWELS.— There are both large and small in- 
 testines, being very similar in structure and action to those of the horse. 
 When the food is passed into the small intestines it is acted on by the bile, 
 which is secreted by the liver, and also by the pancreatic fluid that comes 
 from the pancreas. These juices are emptied into the first part of the intes- 
 tines through little tubes, much the same as in the horse. Throughout the 
 bowels there aire situated in the coats small villi which pick up the nourish- 
 ment and carry it to the blood, the balance of the food passing out in the 
 form of manure. The bowels of the horse are smaller than those of the ox 
 and shoi-ter, the ox having about 150 feet. The large bowels of the ox are 
 very much smaller than those of the horse and are about 35 feet long. The 
 bowels of the ox are muqh less liable to become diseased than those of the 
 horse. 
 
 THE LIVER AND GALL BLADDER.— The liver of the ox has a large 
 gall bladder, much the shape of a pear, to store up gall when digestion is not 
 going on ; but when digestion is going on the gall bladder contracts, forcing 
 the bile into the intestines. 
 
 THE PANCREAS. — The pancreas of the ox is very similar to that of 
 the horse in appearance and its function is much the same. 
 
 THE SPLEEN. — The spleen of the ox is oblong and attached to the 
 paunch and is somewhat different in shape from that of the horse. 
 
 THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS.— The respiratory organs of the ox 
 are much the same as in the horse and are not nearly so liable to disease and, 
 with the exception of tuberculosis affecting the lungs and throat of the ox 
 his air passages do not as a rule give him much trouble if he has good care. 
 
 THE URINARY ORGANS.— The kidneys of the ox are larger thai 
 those of the horse and are not nearly so smooth. The bladder and passage for 
 urine are much the same as in the horse but where the urethra opens into the 
 vulva it is different, which makes it more difficult to draw off the water; a 
 little depression at the opening causes the trouble. 
 
 THE PULSE. — The normal number of heart beats is from forty-eight 
 3—8 
 
114 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 to fifty-six per minute ; however, in calves and old animals the pulse is gen- 
 erally faster. The most convenient place to take the pulse is on the under- 
 border of the lower jaw and in health the beat is generally softer than it is 
 in the horse. The artery should be dropped in gently between the first and 
 second finger, but the thumb should not be used for fear of counting the 
 pulsation in your own artery. 
 
 THE RESPIRATION. — In health this will usually run from eleven to 
 eighteen or twenty per minute and is easily counted by watching the nostrils, 
 flanks, or the heaving of the chest. Considerable practice is required to do 
 chest sounding; however, in health the passage of air through the air pass- 
 ages should be smooth and uninterrupted, while in disease of the lungs or 
 bronchial tubes the breathing is obstructed. 
 
 THE TEMPERATURE. — The temperature in cattle is a great guide in 
 ascertaining if they are in a normal condition and every dairyman should be 
 equipped with a clinical thermometer which holds the registration until shook 
 down. The thermometer is usually inserted in the rectum and left there two 
 or three minutes. The normal temperature in cattle is considered to be 101 
 degrees; however, I must place it at 101l^, for after taking the temperature 
 of thousands of cattle that were perfectly healthy, their temperature registered 
 nearer 101% degrees. The temperature of the horse when in perfect health is 
 nearer IOOI/5 than any other point. Whenever the temperature goes much 
 above the normal point the animal is considered feverish. 
 
 GENERAL SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE.— A dry, harsh, staring coat is 
 one of the leading symptoms of an animal's being out of condition or suffer- 
 ing from disease. Also, if the animal shivers when not exposed to cold it is 
 another symptom that should be regarded with fear. Whenever cattle break 
 out in a cold sweat after having been ill for some time it is a bad symptom. 
 The muzzle when not covered with moisture indicates fever. Another symp- 
 tom of constitutional disturbance is the animal's ceasing to chew the cud and 
 when this occurs in milch cows their milk supply usually falls off quickly. 
 Whenever the bowels are inclined to be too costive or too loose and this 
 condition continues for some time it always proves difficult to correct. A cough 
 is usually a symptom of disease, especially if it becomes chronic, therefore an 
 effort should be made to relieve it for, if neglected as it many times is, it 
 usually runs on until it becomes incurable. 
 
 ACTION OF DRUGS IN CATTLE.— It is well to keep in mind that 
 certain remedies or drugs which act nicely in cattle are entirely unsuitable 
 for horses, even if they are suffering from the same ailment. As a rule it is 
 good practice to drench cattle slowly and dilute the drugs well, on account of 
 the quantity of food in the stomach of cattle. By giving the drench slowly 
 its chances are better for reaching the fourth stomach where it should go; 
 besides, I have always found it good practice to give cattle larger doses than 
 horses. Many times they require twice as much. The common purgative for 
 cattle is epsom salts (sulphate magnesia) but never add much, if any, calomel 
 for cattle are easily salivated; besides, the mercury is excreted through the 
 milk and will affect calves or people who use it. Aloes is an excellent cathar- 
 tic for horses but is not fit for cattle. Also, oils will purge cattle but their 
 action is quite uncertain and better results are obtained by giving lard. 
 Turpentine is less active when applied to cattle than to horses but mustard 
 Appears to act with more certainty on cattle than when applied to horses, 
 
CATTLE— ANATOMY, ETC. 115 
 
 Many of the drugs that are made from herbs do not affect cattle the same as 
 they do horses. 
 
 GIVING MEDICINE TO CATTLE.— Cattle are much more easily^ 
 drenched than horses. Tie the animal short, stand to the left side, place the 
 thumb and finger in the nostrils, put the nozzle of the bottle into the mouth 
 and the medicine will run down into the stomach quickly, but of course the 
 nose should be held high enough to form an incline for the liquid to run into 
 the back portion of the mouth. Placing a ring in the nose and elevating it 
 makes the work easier. A great many kinds of medicine can be given in the 
 feed or water without the need of drenching. 
 
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Bloat, Impaction, Indigestion, Scours, Dysentery, Constipation, 
 
 Inflamniation of the Bowels, Cornstalk Disease, Worms, Rupture, 
 
 Sore Mouth, Diseases of the Liver, Choking, etc.) 
 
 BLOAT— HOVEN— TYMPANITIS.— This disease is characterized by 
 the distention of the paunch or rumen and is the result of fermenting food, 
 or it often follows choking. 
 
 CAUSES. — Bloating very often follows choking and I have known it 
 to come on very suddenly from this cause and to go down almost as quickly 
 after the obstruction was removed. It also follows acute indigestion, espe- 
 cially where thin hungry animals are turned into luxuriant pasture lots 
 where they eat far too much wet clover or frozen vegetables to which they 
 have not been accustomed. Some cattle bloat from eating alfalfa hay. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal usually exhibits some pain, breathes quick 
 and the abdomen is very much enlarged and the left flank more than 
 the right. By tapping the end of the fingers on the left ilank a drum-like 
 sound can be heard. The animal exhibits distress and shows it by expres- 
 sion and generally moves about slowly. In bad cases you will find that when 
 the flank is pressed in and the pressure taken off suddenly the parts fly back 
 into place quickly. I have known cases of rupture of the stomach caused from 
 the rapid formation of gas ; therefore, when the symptoms are at all alarming 
 prompt measures should be taken to relieve the animal. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In every severe case where the life of the animal is 
 threatened tapping should be resorted to at once for there is but little dan- 
 ger from this operation. In mild cases it is not always necessary to give 
 any medicine, but in acute cases the treatment should be prompt. If the 
 bloat is great and the left flank drum-like the gas should be liberated at once 
 and this is best done by puncturing the paunch. Before puncturing, the 
 left flank should be washed off with soap and water and then wet with one 
 part carbolic acid and thirty parts water. Cut through the skin and push 
 the trocar into the paunch in a downward direction, pulling out the, trocar 
 and leaving the canula in for the gas to pass through. If you have no other 
 suitable instrument use a common pointed knife, which answers very well and 
 is not attended with much risk. When the case demands puncturing, open 
 the flank about a hand-span from the last rib and lumbar vertebra and if a 
 knife is used instead of a trocar and Canula use a quill or tube to allow the 
 gas to pass through. If it becomes necessary to puncture the animal a second 
 time you had better make a new opening. When a remedy would seemingly 
 correct this trouble give one-half ounce salicylic acid in a pint of hot water 
 and, if this gives no relief, in fifteen minutes give another dose, repeating 
 the doses every fifteen minutes until relief is obtained. Or, give one ounce 
 aromatic spirits of ammonia, one dram fluid extract caliber bean and three 
 ounces hypo-sulphite of soda, in a pint of water ; and, if necessary, repeat the 
 dose in thirty minutes. If you have neither of the above remedies give one 
 ounce ginger, two ounces whiskey and one-half ounce of turpentine in a pint 
 
 116 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 117 
 
 of sweet oil or raw linseed oil. In some cases relief will be obtained by keep- 
 ing the mouth open with a block of wood. After puncturing cattle I always 
 give them a full dose of epsom salts, which is from one to two pounds, 
 with a tablespoonful or two of ginger in three or four pints of water. (See 
 " Tapping the Paunch or Rumen.") 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BLOATING.— 
 
 1. Tapping. — With a small-bladed knife tap the cow's paunch and in- 
 sert a clean pipe stem or goose quill to allow the escape of the gas. The cow 
 should be tapped where the bloating is most prominent which is generally 
 in the triangle of the left flank, midway between the last rib and the point of 
 the hip bone. 
 
 2. Bitting. — lake a piece of broom handle six or eight inches long and 
 use it in the mouth as a bit. This may be held in place by tying a cord to 
 one end, bringing it up over the head back of the horns and then tying to the 
 other end of the bit. This holds the mouth open and allows the gas to escape. 
 If used in time this is an effective remedy. If they are too far gone, tapping 
 the flank may be necessary. 
 
 3. Camphor. — Drench the cow with two tablespoonfuls of camphor 
 mixed with a pint of water and repeat in 30 minutes if necessary. 
 
 4. Cold Water. — Fasten the cow securely and then continue to dash 
 cold water on the back and sides for fifteen or twenty minutes. If not re- 
 lieved, tapping will have to be resorted to. 
 
 5. Ginger and Charcoal. — Add two ounces of powdered wood charcoal 
 and two ounces of tincture of ginger to a quart of warm water and give as a 
 drench. 
 
 6. Charcoal. — Mix half a teacupful of powdered charcoal with a quart 
 of warm water and give as a drench. Charcoal 'aids digestion and at the same 
 time absorbs large quantities of gas, two things which are much to be desired 
 in case of bloating. If you have no wood to make charcoal yourself, keep it 
 on hand for it can be bought at any drug store and costs but little. 
 
 TAPPING THE PAUNCH OR RUMEN.— This is an operation per- 
 formed on cattle to relieve bloat when drugs fail to give relief. After wash- 
 ing the flank with carbolic acid and water, one part to thirty, or one part 
 coal-tar disinfectant and thirty parts water, insert the trocar into the left 
 flank, selecting the center of the triangle formed by the last rib, the point of 
 the hip and the transverse process of the lumbar vertebra and at the most 
 bloated or prominent point direct the instrument obliquely downward and 
 inward and you will not fail to tap the paunch. Pull out the trocar and 
 leave the canula in until the bloat goes down. If it is a bad case of bloat 
 and you have not the proper instruments, do not hesitate to plunge a knife 
 into the left flank, using a goose quill or tube for the gas to pass through, 
 for it is not a dangerous operation. (See " Hoven or Bloat.") 
 
 IMPACTION OF THE PAUNCH OR RUMEN.— Impaction is where 
 the paunch is wedged so full of food that it causes a sort of paralysis and loss 
 of function of the stomach. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by eating too much straw or bulky food that 
 lacks moisture and by eating large quantities of grain when the animal has 
 not been accustomed to it. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In milch, cows the milk flow almost ceases, the animal 
 breathes with a grunt and there may be bloating. By pressing the hand on 
 the left flank a dent when made is slow to fill out and by tapping over the 
 
118 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 paunch a dull sound is made. The bowels are usually costive and the pas- 
 sages are dry and give off a disagreeable odor. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give from one to two pounds of epsom salts, one ounce 
 of ground ginger and one-half ounce of laudanum in three quarts of warm 
 water as a drench and, if the bowels do not move in twelve hours, give one 
 quart of raw linseed oil or give three-fourths of a pound of epsom salts. It 
 is also good practice to give a few quarts of warm water every two hours 
 as this assists in softening the contents of the stomach. Also give one ounce 
 of aromatic spirits of ammonia and one dram of fluid extract of nux vomica 
 in a pint of cold water every four hours until the bowels move. In cases 
 where there is much pain give four or five grains of morphine every six 
 hours. In extreme cases I have obtained good results by giving one dram of 
 croton oil and two drams of fluid extract of nux vomica in a quart of raw 
 linseed oil. When these remedies fail the operation of rumenotomy should 
 be performed. This treatment consists in opening the left flank and removing 
 the contents by hand. This is not by any means a dangerous operation and 
 is one that I never hesitate to perform when I believe the animal is in danger 
 of dying. After the cow has been cast and rolled on her right side, the left 
 flank washed clean and the hair clipped ofif short, apply one part carbolic 
 acid to thirty parts water, or one part of coal-tar disinfectant and twenty 
 parts of water. Then cut into the left flank in the triangle where the paunch 
 lies close to the muscles. The opening must be made large enough to admit 
 the hand. The edges of the stomach should be secured with strings to hold it 
 up to the wound and after the stomach, is emptied the paunch should be 
 stitched with catgut ; then stitch up the wound with silk and apply equal parts 
 iodoform, powdered alum and boric acid; or, you may use any home 
 remedy, such as coal-tar disinfectant or carbolic acid. (See " Rumenotomy.") 
 
 RUMENOTOMY.— This is an operation made through the left flank into 
 the paunch, whereby a portion of its contents is removed through the side, 
 but of course this should never be done unless the stomach is badly over- 
 loaded and distended. Tie the animal securely to a post or place it in a 
 stanchion or stocks or with the right side against a wall. The animal should 
 either be tied or held by an assistant. Clip the hair off high up on the 
 flank where cattle are punctured. Wash with carbolic acid and water; make 
 an incision through the skin and muscle, running up and down; then open 
 the paunch ; insert a clean piece of cloth, wet in one part bi-chloride of mer- 
 cury and 1,000 parts of warm water, to prevent the food getting into the abdo- 
 men ; then remove as much of the food as necessary. Wash the edges of the 
 wound, sewing up the paunch with catgut and leaving it in. Then sew up 
 the muscles and later stitch the skin. Be sure to apply one part carbolic 
 acid and thirty parts water to the wound three times a day. Keep the animal 
 tolerably empty and the bowels open, feeding very little bulky food until 
 the wound heals. (See " Impaction of the Paunch or Rumen.") 
 
 IMPACTION OF THE MANYPLIES OR OMASUM— MA WBOUND. 
 The third stomach, which is called the omasum or manyplies, has a great 
 number of leaves arranged so as to rub one another, thus keeping up a sort of 
 grinding action on the food that passes between them. Sometimes food be- 
 comes wedged therein. 
 
 CAUSES. — Many cases occur when animals are turned on to new grass 
 before it has grown long enough for them to eat without taking in a lot of 
 the old grass and, as the old grass has very little nourishment, it very often 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 119 
 
 clogs this stomach. The same thing occurs in the fall when cattle eat dry 
 withered grass and it also occurs when they eat dry corn fodder in the winter. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It very often comes on gradually much the same as con- 
 stipation, finally causing some pain which is evidenced by the animal's kick- 
 ing its belly and grunting at almost every breath. If pressed on the right 
 side just below the ribs the animal evinces pain. If the disease goes on the 
 fever increases and so does the abdominal pain. A sort of delirium and ver- 
 tigo sets in which is very often followed by death. The symptoms of this 
 ailment differ from those of impaction of the rumen for it causes no bloating 
 of the left flank. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The treatment should be the same as I have prescribed 
 for impaction of the rumen, or impaction in horses. Unfortunately, a sur- 
 gical operation cannot be performed successfully in these cases,- therefore 
 it is much more fatal than impaction of the rumen. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDY FOR IMPACTION OF THE MANY- 
 PLIES.— 
 
 1. Salt and Salts. — Give a drench of a pound of epsom salts and half 
 a pound of common salt and then give two ounces of laudanum. Also give 
 an ounce of alcohol every four hours. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE FOURTH PART OF THE STOMACH. 
 — ^This disease is not nearly so likely to affect old cattle as young calves. It 
 is very often brought on by eating frozen grass or frozen roots and it some- 
 times follows eating over-ripe grain. In calves it takes place when chang- 
 ing from sweet to sour milk ; this is especially true in very young calves. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — At first there is some diarrhea which is later followed 
 by constipation; the nose is hot and dry; the ears and legs are cold; the 
 pulse/ is quick and hard and the temperature is high. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give raw linseed oil in three or four-ounce doses with 
 from thirty to sixty drops of laudanum added and rub the abdomen with 
 mustard and water and if the animal is in much pain give one dram of lauda- 
 num every two or three hours until relief is obtained. It is always good 
 practice to clean out the stomach and bowels with oil. Feed easily digested 
 food and not too much at a time. 
 
 RUPTURE OF THE STOMACH.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 DIARRHEA OR SCOURS.— Diarrhea may result from many different 
 causes ; however, there are two principal causes, the first being an increased 
 action of the muscular coat of the bowels and the second an increased se- 
 cretion of the juices. 
 
 CAUSfeS. — Eating too much food ; eating a large quantity of food of an 
 inferior quality ; a sudden change of food ; or sudden changes of temperature 
 will very often bring on looseness of the bowels. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Nearly everyone is familiar with the symptoms of diar- 
 rhea. The bowels pass off too much watery excrement which is sometimes 
 mixed with blood ; the animal loses strength rapidly and also loses flesh and 
 exhibits great thirst. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is good practice to give a dose of either raw lin- 
 seed or castor oil with one or two ounces of laudanum and, if necessary, 
 give the laudanum every two or three hours until the bowel movements are 
 lessened. I have known one-half ounce of copperas dissolved in a pint of 
 water given three times a day to check bad cases. In other bad cases give 
 one-half grain of corrosive sqbljmate in a pint of water at a dose three times 
 
120 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 a day; or give 50 grains of salol three times a day; or give plenty of ginger 
 in the feed. 
 COLIC- 
 CAUSES. — Eating too much food, grass or vegetables, or drinking too 
 much cold water will very often produce uncomfortable feelings in cattle and 
 sometimes produce colic. However, colic in cattle is not nearly so common 
 an ailment as in horses. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — General uneasiness, casting the head from side to side, 
 striking the belly with the hind feet, switching the tail, and lying down fre- 
 quently are symptoms of colic. The pulse usually quickens during pain 
 and occasionally the animal moans and grunts. Unless treatment is given 
 the pain becomes more severe and some bloating takes place. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give one ounce of sulphuric ether, one ounce of lauda- 
 num and one ounce of tincture of ginger in a quart of warm water as a 
 drench ; give all of this at one dose. If you have no drugs on hand give six 
 ounces of whiskey. You can give any home colic remedy that is used in hu- 
 man practice, but be sure to give fifteen or twenty times as much at a dose as 
 for a person. If much bloating takes place, give one-ounce doses of aromatic 
 spirits of ammonia in a pint of cold water every thirty minutes until relief 
 is obtained. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR COLIC— 
 
 1. Whiskey, Pepper and Ginger. — To a pint of warm water add half a 
 pint of whiskey and a tablespoonful each of ginger and black peppeif and 
 give as a drench. This dose may be repeated in an hour if necessary. 
 
 2. Linseed Oil and Turpentine. — To a pint of raw linseed oil add one 
 ounce of spirits of turpentine and give as a drench every two hours until 
 relieved. 
 
 OFF-FEED— SUB-ACUTE INDIGESTION.— This is a very common 
 ailment in cattle that are over-fed on grain and is most likely to affect those 
 that are being fattened or cows which are forced to produce big records. 
 Also, poor food may be the cause. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— The animal refuses to eat all the feed put before it. 
 There is spme fullness and constipation or impaction of the rumen but very 
 little, if any, pain. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a full dose of epsom salts, 1% pounds, with plenty 
 of water ; also give a teaspoonful of fluid extract of nux vomica in four ounces . 
 of sweet oil or raw linseed oil, at a dose three times a day. Feed lightly for 
 a few days. Remedies recommended for chronic indigestion are suitable for 
 cases of this kind. 
 
 CHRONIC INDIGESTION.— This is a condition, which has lasted some 
 time, in which the digestive organs have failed to perform their normal 
 functions. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is generally the result of eating a poor quality of food 
 or eating too much food without sufficient exercise but, fortunately, cattle 
 are not nearly so likely to suffer from dyspepsia as horses. The worst cases 
 of which I have ever known have resulted from eating large quantities of 
 badly-cured, non-nutritious fodder when the animal was stabled in a filthy 
 and badly ventilated barn. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal usually has a dry coat and presents an un- 
 thrifty appearance ; the hide is tight to the bones ; the appetite is either poor 
 or capricious and the animal appears as though the food has done him no 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 131 
 
 good. When cows are affected they give very little milk and the bowels are 
 usually costive. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give easily digested food such as silage, vegetables, 
 clover hay, bran, oats, corn and linseed meal with plenty of salt added. Also 
 give a tablespoonful of the following compound powder at a dose in feed three 
 times a day : gentian, baking soda, ginger and fenugreek, equal parts by 
 weight. (Also see treatment for indigestion in horses.) 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR INDIGESTION.— 
 
 1. Glauber's Salts. — Give four ounces of Glauber's salts every three or 
 four days until cured. 
 
 2. Ginger as a Preventive of Indigestion. — Give a tablespoonful of 
 ginger and a tablespoonful of baking soda in the feed twice a day and it will 
 be found to be a preventive of indigestion. 
 
 INDIGESTION IN YOUNG CALVES.— The digestive organs of a calf 
 become somewhat sluggish and inactive, very often by an over supply of rich 
 milk or by giving them milk from cows that calved long ago; or, it may re- 
 sult from not feeding calves often enough. . It also occurs from feeding un- 
 wholesome food, keeping them in dirty, filthy pens and also from licking 
 hair off other calves and themselves. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — They are usually dull and dumpish, their breath has a 
 bad odor, they are usually pot-bellied and the bowels generally costive, but 
 in some cases they may have diarrhea. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Empty the stomach and bowels by giving a cathartic 
 of castor oil or linseed oil. Also give some baking soda with their milk or 
 in their feed, and give them some lime water. It is important to study the 
 cause and remove it if possible ; however, it is important to supply them with 
 a good quantity of wholesome food. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION IN CALVES.— 
 
 1. Castor Oil, Soda and Ginger. — For a calf three months old give a 
 dose of 2 ounces of castor oil and ^ ounce each of ginger and comnlon 
 baking soda. If the calf is scouring it is well to add 15 drops of laudanum 
 to this remedy. Each morning, for a few days after giving the above, give 
 half an ounce each of soda, salt and pulverized ginger in a little milk. 
 
 DEPRAVED APPETITE.— Cattle very frequently suffer from this pe- 
 culiar affection and have a capricious appetite, many times showing a strong 
 inclination to lick and eat filthy things such as the dung of horses and of 
 other cattle. They are also inclined to lick lime, eat earth and chew rags 
 and sponges. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by eating bad food that has changed so as to 
 become almost indigestible and that has little or no nutritive properties. It 
 also occurs in cattle that are pastured on low marshy land and, strange to 
 say, it affects some cattle and not others that are fed on the same quality of 
 food: 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is an unthrifty condition, loss of flesh and strength 
 and a disposition to eat the things above mentioned. They always show 
 a rough, staring coat. 
 
 TREATMENT,— A change of feed is the most important step to be 
 taken. Also give two tablespoonfuls of baking soda, two tablespoonfuls of 
 ginger, two tablespoonfuls of ground gentian and the same quantity of pow- 
 dered wood charcoal at a dose, either in feed or as a drench, three times a 
 day. Be sure to keep the cattle from eating the kind of food that has brought 
 
122 . THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 on this ailment and remember that remedies that are prescribed for chronic in- 
 digestion and dyspepsia are proper remedies for this disease. 
 
 LOSING THE CUD— REMASTICATION.— As far back as I can re- 
 member a great many owners of cattle have believed that it was possible lor 
 the ox to lose his cud, but it is only a belief for such is not true ; therefore, you 
 should not make the same mistake that many cattle owners have done in giv- 
 ing fat pork, rags, sponges and the filthy inwards of chickens with the view of 
 improving the digestion and causing the animal to remasticate food. In 
 order that you may better understand how cattle and other ruminating ani- 
 mals remasticate, let me say that the food is eaten hastily and swallowed when 
 partially masticated. It passes on to the large paunch but later, by a sort of 
 vomiting action, it is thrown into the lower portion of the gullet (oesophagus) 
 and then the gullet reverses its action by contracting at its lower end first 
 and thus it forces the food back into the mouth. This portion of the food 
 is called the cud. After chewing this cud thoroughly the bolus is swallowed, 
 not stopping at the paunch but generally passing on to the third stomach 
 and after being more perfectly digested it passes to the true or fourth stom- 
 ach, then on into the intestines. As soon as the bolus passes down another 
 cud is passed up and so on until remastication ceases. Any disease that 
 causes loss of appetite will of course have a tendency to prevent the ox 
 chewing his cud, but as soon as his appetite returns and he eats fodder then 
 his chewing of the cud returns. 
 
 DIARRHEA — GASTRIC CATARRH — WHITE SCOURS IN 
 
 CALVES. — This ailment is very often the result of some error in feeding 
 
 or of the lack of care that is given to the feeding utensils. It is much more 
 
 common in hand-fed calves than those that suck their mothers ; also, calves 
 
 'that are fed substitutes for milk are very often victims of white scours. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are the passing of a thin, yellow excre- 
 ment; general dullness; some uneasiness; loss of appetite and sometimes 
 passing of blood and loss of flesh. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give one and one-half ounces of castor oil with a tea- 
 spoonful of laudanum added; then give teaspoonful doses of laudanum four 
 times a day and if the laudanum does not check the excessive bowel move- 
 ments dissolve one ounce of sulphate of iron in a pint of water and give 
 one-eighth part at a dose three times a day; or, try dissolving a teaspoonful 
 of baking soda in two ounces of lime water and give this quantity three times 
 a d&y. I have also known cases where tablespoonful doses of good flour 
 corrected scours. In bad cases give ten grains of salol three or four times 
 a day or give small doses of bi-chloride of mercury and water, one-half grain 
 at a dose. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SCOURS OR DIARRHEA.— 
 
 1. Alum. — Dissolve a piece of alum as large as a hen's egg in a bucket 
 of water and let the cow drink it. This will be found a very effective remedy 
 for scours in either cattle or horses. 
 
 2. Boiled Potatoes. — Three times a day feed a peck of boiled potatoes 
 while warm. 
 
 3. Flour and Water. — Give at one dose a quart of wheat flour mixed 
 with water until it is smooth and just thin enough to run. The dose sel- 
 dom has to be repeated. 
 
 4. Salt. — A handful of salt will frequently cure the scours. 
 
 5. Camphor, Rhubarb and Laudanum. — Mix equal parts of spirits of 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 123 
 
 camphor, tincture of rhubarb, and laudanum. This mixture should be put 
 into one-half pint of water and given as a drench. The dose for a cow is 
 a dessert spoonful and for a calf a teaspoonful. This dose may be repeated 
 in three hours if necessary. 
 
 6. Ginger, Charcoal and Baking Powder. — Twice a day give a teaspoon- 
 ful of a mixture of equal parts of charcoal, ginger and baking powder. This 
 dose is for a small calf and may be given on the tongue or as a drench. 
 
 7. Castor Oil. — Give a tablespoonful of castor oil twice a day for a 
 calf not over three months of age. 
 
 8. White Scours in Calves.^ — Three times a day give half a teaspoonful 
 of laudanum in a tablespoonful of castor oil. 
 
 INFECTIOUS SCOURS.— This is a form of scours that attacks calves 
 that are only a few days old and if not corrected it may terminate in death. 
 This ailment usually is the result of diseased germs entering the body through 
 the navel cord. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is great weakness and the passing of thick liquid 
 feces. 
 
 TREATMENT. — As curative treatment very often fails, an effort should 
 be made to prevent this .disease. Treat the navel as is suggested under that 
 heading. Place the animal in a dry, clean stall and apply one part of car- 
 bolic acid and twenty parts water to the navel before and after the string has 
 been applied and use disinfectants freely. Give five drops creosote in a 
 tablespoonful of sweet oil twice a day. Also give five grains of salol three 
 times a day. 
 
 DYSENTERY— BLOODY FLUX.— Dysentery usually commences in 
 the colon but may extend to the other bowels until nearly all of them are 
 aflfected. The mucous membrane is where most of the disease is located. It 
 is brought on by feeding badly cured hay, poor grain or other food. There are 
 certain acid and poisonous plants that bring it on and drinking bad water is 
 another cause of dysentery. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal walks slowly and appears dumpish. It may 
 have some abdominal pain and the muzzle is dry and the coat rough. It 
 stands with the back arched and presents a sort of hide-bound and unhealthy 
 appearance. At first the bqwels act irregularly, the breath is fetid and so are 
 the bowel movements and they are often streaked with blood. This disease 
 very often terminates fatally. 
 
 TREATMENT.— This disease should be treated very much the same 
 as diarrhea, always giving oil at first with quieting medicine and bowel anti- 
 septics later. I believe in keeping the animal quiet and bringing it well under 
 the influence of an^ opiate which gives the animal rest and always checks the 
 excessive bowel movements. If the bowels are leaking blood, dissolve one 
 dram of sugar of lead and two drams of fluid extract of ergot in a pint of water 
 and give at one dose two or three tinges a day. Corrosive sublimate or 
 iialol solution should be given if other remedies fail. 
 
 CONSTIPATION.— A costive state of the bowels exists for want of 
 ■sufficient moisture in the stomach and bowels, resulting from lack of exercise 
 and water supply. 
 
 CAUSES. — This is caused by feeding too ripe food and too much dry 
 fodder, preventing the animals from taking exercise, and not giving enough 
 water. It is also the result of offering ^animals impure water of which they 
 drink too little, thereby depriving themselves of sufficient moisture. In 
 
1«4 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 young calves the bowels are inclined to be costive at birth and immediately 
 after ; but of course the first milk of a cow is laxative, but if it does not pro- 
 duce the desired effects a remedy should be given. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The passage of dry manure with a sort of glazed cover- 
 ing is a well marked symptom. The muzzle is often dry and the appetite 
 poor. If not relieved it may result in inflammation of the bowels or impac- 
 tion, causing bowel pain. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give food of a laxative nature, such as well salted brzln 
 mash, vegetables or green food. Injections into the rectum of soap suds at 
 blood heat is always good treatment. Give epsom salts or raw linseed oil 
 to start the bowel movements and keep feeding plenty of salt which will in- 
 crease thirst, thus causing the animal to drink plenty of water, which is 
 nature's remedy. Besides, it is well to keep in mind that the bowels move 
 three or four times as often when the animal is exercised as when standing 
 still. 
 
 CONSTIPATION IN CALVES— RE'TENTION OF THE MECON- 
 IUM. — At birth the bowels contain a glue-like material which should be ex- 
 pelled very soon after birth for if not it may do harm. The first milk (colos- 
 trum) possesses laxative properties and if the calf sucks plenty of it the bowels 
 are liable to loosen, but if they do not, push in a small piece of soap or a 
 glycerine suppository or inject into the bowel some sweet oil or warm soap 
 suds, but be very careful not to injure the bowel. If the milk from the 
 mother fails to open the bowels give an ounce of epsom salts and repveat in 
 six hours if needed. 
 
 ENTERITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS.— This is an 
 inflammation of the lining membrane and also involves the muscular wall 
 of the bowels. 
 
 CAUSES. — It comes from eating infected or poisonous things, either 
 animal, vegetable or mineral and it may also be brought on by irritating 
 drugs, drinking ice cold water, or chilling the surface of the body by ex- 
 posure to cold rain storms or sleet. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is very often constipation of the bowels and the 
 excrement which is passed is usually covered with a slimy mucus; besides, 
 the dung has an offensive odor and is sometimes streaked with blood. There 
 is loss of appetite, high fever, quick pulse, dry mouth and muzzle and in 
 cows the milk flow almost ceases. The urine is highly colored, the animal 
 may bloat, and as the disease progresses the ears and legs grow cold and it 
 is not unusual for death to follow. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Ascertain the cause if possible. If brought on by irri- 
 tating poisons, either vegetable or mineral, give two ounces of sweet oil and 
 one ounce of laudanum in a quart of linseed gruel every three or four hours ; 
 also give thirty drops of fluid extract of aconite at a dose every three hours 
 until the temperature lowers. Also give a tablespoonful of powdered salt- 
 peter in the drinking water three times a day. If occurring in summer or 
 during temperate weather, apply blankets wrung out of hot water, covering 
 them with dry ones and changing them every hour. After recovery takes 
 place the animal should be fed on easily digested food that is not too bulky 
 and if the appetite is poor give tonics, such as gentian in one-ounce doses 
 three times a day; or give other remedies recommended for chronic indiges- 
 tion. 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 125 
 
 PERITONITIS. — This is an inflammation of the membrane that covers 
 the bowels and other abdominal viscera and also lines the abdominal cavity. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is brought on by exposure to cold rain storms or standing 
 in a cool wirid after being in a heated condition or by lying too long on 
 cold frozen ground. It sometimes follows castration or spaying; sometimes 
 follows calving and I have frequently found it to follow punctured wounds 
 which penetrated the belly. It is also caused by kicks from horses, being 
 hooked by cattle or running against hard things, such as posts. It may be 
 caused by hanging on fences and the consequent bruising of the abdomen. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is considerable uneasiness with shivering and a 
 turning of the head toward the sides. There is a dry muzzle and no rumina- 
 tion. The legs are placed well under the belly, the pulse is quick and small, 
 the temperature is high and the bowel movements are dry and hard. Apply- 
 ing pressure to the flanks produces considerable pain. Sometimes the symp- 
 toms are very much like those of inflammation of the bowels. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Try to ascertain the cause. If from a puncture the 
 treatment of course will differ somewhat from the treatment of cases caused 
 by exposure. Apply hot packs such as suggested for treatment in inflam- 
 mation of the bowels. If there is a wound, treat it as such by applying perox- 
 ide of hydrogen first, then inject one part carbolic acid and thirty or fifty 
 of water. Also apply equal parts of iodoform and boric acid and give the 
 same internal treatment as prescribed for enteritis. 
 
 CORNSTALK DISEASE.— This is a disease brought on by cattle eat- 
 ing too much infected corn fodder. The disease occurs throughout the 
 Western and Middle States. This corn fodder appears to either produce a 
 very acute indigestion or poisons the animal and young cattle are usually 
 affected more than the old ones; besides, the fodder seems to be most harm- 
 ful after cold rain storms which perhaps add to its poisonous properties. 
 Cattle that are hungry when turned into these corn fields soon become affected 
 if they eat large quantities of fodder where the stalks have been unusually 
 rank in growth ; or, cattle that are turned from one lot to another often 
 seem to suffer from this ailment. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The first symptom noticed is the sick animal's being 
 away from the herd and standing with the back arched. When obliged to 
 walk it goes with a wabbling gait, twitching the tail and very often kicking 
 its belly and is usually somewhat delirious, which symptom becomes more 
 pronounced, the animal acting as though in great pain. The animal frequently 
 dies within twenty-four hours after showing symptoms of this disease. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Avoid turning hungry animals into such corn fields 
 and allowing them to remain very long in the lot; besides, feed other food 
 and it should be of a laxative nature, such as alfalfa or millet. See that they 
 have plenty of salt. Following these directions will greatly assist in pre- 
 venting the death of cattle from this ailment for there is no sure remedy. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CORNSTALK DISEASE.— 
 
 1. Tansy Tea. — Frequently give five-pint doses of tansy tea and a cure 
 will be effected. ' 
 
 3. Preventive. — Accustom the cows to eating corn and stalks before 
 turning them into the field and you will have no trouble with cornstalk 
 impaction. Also see that they have plenty of salt and good water. 
 
 HAIR OR BINDER TWINE BALLS.— It is not uncommon to find 
 
126 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 hair balls or balls composed of binder twine in the reticulum or in the rumen or 
 paunch. 
 
 CAUSES. — Hair balls are caused by one animal's licking another during 
 the shedding season and they also eat binder twine with their fodder which 
 of course is not digestible and often forms into balls. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^These are rather puzzling cases to diagnose; however, 
 they cause much the same symptoms as indigestion. There is general un- 
 easiness and loss of appetite but, strange to say, many cattle that are slaugh- 
 tered have large hair and twine balls which have seemingly done no harm. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Treat the same as for impaction of the rumen and 
 inflamed stomach, by giving epsom salts; or, cut open the same as for im- 
 pacted rumen. 
 
 INTESTINAL TUMORS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 INTUSSUSCEPTION.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 FALLING OF BOWEL— PROLAPSUS ANL— (See " Horse Depart- 
 ment.") 
 
 RUPTURE OF THE RECTUM.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 WORMS. — It is safe to say that cattle are bothered less with worms 
 than any other species of domestic animals, therefore it is seldom necessary 
 to treat them for intestinal worms. Tapeworms and round worms are some- 
 times found in the bowels of cattle. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Examine the manure and if you do not discover any 
 worms, and your animals are thrifty, it will not be necessary to give them 
 treatment. 
 
 TREATMENT. — For tapeworms give a tablespoonful of oil of male fern 
 and two drams of powdered kamala in a pint of milk for three mornings in 
 succession and, after the last dose has been given, give from one to two pounds 
 of epsom salts in two quarts of warm water. This will act as a brisk cathar- 
 tic. If you suspect that your cattle are wormy give two tablespoonfuls of 
 the following compound powder at a dose in feed twice a day: powdered 
 sulphate of iron, ground gentian, ground ginger, bi-carbonate of soda and 
 ground worm seed. It is not always necessary to give as large doses as I 
 have prescribed. Another very effectual remedy is to give one dram of san- 
 tonine and thirty grains of calomel at a dose in feed every morning for three 
 or four days and to follow with a cathartic of epsom salts. I have also ob- 
 tained good results by giving oil of turpentine, two tablespoonfuls in a pint 
 of raw linseed oil, once a day for a few days. 
 
 HERNIA OR RUPTURE.— A hernia, or rupture, is the displacement of 
 some internal organ through a natural or unnatural opening. It generally has 
 reference to the protrusion of the bowel and omentum through an opening 
 in the wall of the abdomen. 
 
 VENTRAL HERNIA.— This is where the protrusion is through the 
 abdominal wall and the skin remains intact. 
 
 CAUSES. — Hernia may be produced by kicks from horses or by blows 
 of the horns of other cattle or by falls or sprains. It may also occur in ad- 
 vanced cases of pregnancy owing to the stretching of the muscles and in old 
 cows it may come on without any apparent injury. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A rupture in cattle is very often found on the right side 
 and when it occurs it is not usually painful, but later on may enlarge to such 
 an extent as to allow the bowel to strangulate, then great pain sets in. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When a hernia can be reduced by pushing the part? 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 137 
 
 back into the abdomen and a pad with bandage applied so as to keep it in 
 place the opening may close. Melted pitch and other counter-irritants, such 
 as turpentine or cantharides, applied directly over the opetiing with a pad 
 over this will assist in producing adhesive inflammation. When this treat- 
 ment fails it is necessary to resort to surgical work. After the animal has 
 been cast and rolled on the side or back, the skin is cut through, the muscles 
 sewed with catgut and the skin sewed with heavy corded silk and an elastic 
 bandage is then applied to support the stitches. This operation should be 
 performed by either a veterinarian or an experienced dairyman. 
 
 UMBILICAL HERNIA (Navel Rupture).— This is a very common ail- 
 ment in calves and as the navel opening is where the blood vessels pass from 
 the foetus to enter the umbilical cord, this opening at birth should close, but 
 it does not always do so. Therefore, some of the internal viscera may de- 
 scend, causing what is called navel rupture. 
 
 CAUSES. — In some new-born calves the opening appears to be large. 
 However, it is often enlarged at time of birth from the pulling loos^ of the 
 cord, allowing the intestine to pass through it. It may also occur from kicks 
 or blows. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — An enlargement at the navel leads one to suspect that 
 something is wrong and by pressing the end of the finger .on the bunch you 
 will readily push the sack back into the abdomen. This condition is abnormal. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Never be too hasty with remedies for many cases get 
 well without treatment, nature effecting the cure, for as the animal grows 
 older the muscles grow stronger and the disposition of nature is to clo.«e the 
 opening. In some cases a pad and bandage applied seem to greatlj assist 
 nature in closing the opening. In a case where the intestines cannot be put 
 back a surgical operation is necessary. Then the skin should be opened, the 
 adhesions separated, the edges of the opening made raw, the muscles sewed 
 together with catgut and the skin stitched with corded silk and an elastic 
 bandage should then be applied and kept on until the wound heals. The 
 stitches should remain in a week. A simple way to operate is to return the 
 sack, put cross pins of either hickory wood or steel at right angles, tie a 
 string back of the pins and leave it on until it sloughs off, then the calf will 
 be well. 
 
 INGUINAL HERNIA. — This is a condition where a loop of the bowel 
 passes down into the scrotum through the inguinal canal where the spermatic 
 cord is, causing some enlargement of the scrotum. When the animal shows 
 much pain and the scrotum is swollen, pass the hand into the rectum and 
 explore^ the floor of the abdomen and it will be possible to pull up the bowel, 
 but when doing so the ^animal should be placed on its back or the hind feet 
 should be two feet higher than the fore feet. This will assist you in righting 
 the bowel. If this occurs in a bull he had better be castrated by the covered 
 method, using a clamp and allowing the testicles to slough off. If it occurs in 
 a steer and he is in good condition, market him. 
 
 SCROTAL HERNIA. — This is when the bowel passes down the canal 
 into the scrotum and I have known many calves to be in this condition at 
 birth. Everything goes on all right so long as the opening is large enough 
 to allow the feces to pass through the loop of bowel without the intestine 
 becoming strangulated or impacted, thus causing inflammation. The open- 
 ing in young animals has a tendency to close and it very often does so, 
 crowding the bowel up into the body. In many cases the animal suffers no 
 
128 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 special' inconvenience and requires no treatment, but if they do require 
 treatment they should be castrated by the covered operation. (See " Castra- 
 tion " in Horse Department.) 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA.— This may occur from violent muscular 
 eflforts or the diaphragm may become lacerated from a broken rib or any 
 other offending body. No matter how slight may be the rupture of the 
 diaphragm it is a serious trouble and not much can be done in the line of 
 treatment to relieve it except to give rest. Anodynes will allow a slight 
 case to merge along into the chronic form. However, it seldom pays to 
 treat them. 
 
 MESENTERIC AND OMENTAL HERNIA.— This is a condition 
 where a complete obstruction of the bowels takes place and it is very diffi- 
 cult to make a diagnosis or apply a remedy. 
 
 VAGINAL HERNIA. — This sometimes takes place and when it does it 
 should be treated the same as eversion of the vagina, by placing the animal in 
 a position with the hind parts about a foot higher than the fore parts and 
 giving laxatives to open the bowels and keeping the animal empty. 
 
 IRREGULAR TEETH.— Irregularity of the teeth is very often the re- 
 sult of an uneven wearing of them and the incisor teeth (nippers) are some- 
 times broken accidentally by cattle grazing on gravelly soil or by taking 
 hold of mangers covered with hoop iron or by kicks, thus splitting the tooth. 
 Also, some cattle have trouble when shedding their first teeth. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Examine the animal's mouth by placing a gag ifi the 
 mouth to keep it open, or pull the tongue well forward and intrpducie the 
 hand to keep it open. This can be done easily for I have seldom found it 
 necessary to use anything except the closed hand, but of course a balling 
 iron or mouth speculum is much more convenient on account of its holding 
 the mouth open wider, thereby giving an inexperienced person a better op- 
 portunity to examine the back part of the mouth. It is seldom necessary 
 to do more than to extract a tooth or file off the sharp cutting points that 
 are wounding the cheeks, tongue or lips. For a mouth wash there is nothing 
 better than borax and water, one ounce to a quart, and it should be applied 
 three times a day. 
 
 CAPS ON THE TEETH.— Cattle between two and four years of age 
 when shedding their temporary teeth or milk grinders sometimes have trouble 
 on account of the first teeth or caps hanging on too long while the new 
 teeth are growing in. This sometimes produces suppuration and a soreness 
 of the mouth which is soon discovered by using the same means of examina- 
 tion which I have recommended under " Irregular Teeth." 
 
 TREATMENT. — Remove the cause by pulling oflf the cap with a pair 
 of pincers or forceps, then wash the mouth with borax and water or any 
 mild non-poisonous antiseptic solution you may have on hand. Borax and 
 water or salt and water will prove very satisfactory. 
 
 DECAYED TEETH (Caries).— As nearly all stockmen and farmers 
 know, whenever a tooth or bone is decaying it gives oflf a very oflfensive 
 odor, differing entirely from that of any other decomposing tissue or part of 
 the body. To make sure that a tooth is decaying use a balling iron or 
 speculum or pull the tongue forward and close the hand, leaving it between 
 the teeth and upper jaw to keep the mouth open, then introduce the other 
 hand and examine for a decayed tooth. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The only satisfactory remedy is to extract the tooth 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 139 
 
 with a pair of forceps made for the purpose, then the opening in the jaw 
 will soon close. I have often plugged the opening temporarily with gutta- 
 percha and have found it to work nicely for it keeps the food out of the 
 wound until the tissues grow and fill the openings. 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE TONGUE— GLOSSITIS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — This comes from injuries of any kind, from giving irritating 
 drugs, from eating certain acrid plants which contain too much acid and 
 irritating properties and it is also caused by a disturbed stomach. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is generally some discharge of saliva from the 
 mouth, the tongue and mouth are inflamed and in calves there are very often 
 little red elevations noticed in the mouth. These red spots may suppurate 
 in the center and show ulcerated patches. The tongue swells and frequently 
 hangs out of the mouth. , 
 
 TREATMENT.— When the mouth is only inflamed wash it out four 
 or five times a day with a solution made by dissolving one-half pound of 
 alum in a gallon of water and if there are any ulcers or ulcerated patches 
 apply a caustic. The nitrate of silver pencil is the handiest. When the mouth 
 shows a cankered condition give one ounce of baking soda at a dose as a 
 drench in a quart of water. Or, give one ounce of powdered charcoal and 
 forty grains of salol at a dose two or three times a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BLACK TONGUE.— 
 
 1. Alum, Lime, Etc. — The animal should be bled from the neck vein 
 and then given a pint of castor oil which may be repeated in 10 hours if 
 it has not operated. As a local application, use four ounces of burnt alum 
 and two ounces of chloride of lime mixed in one gallon of water and fre- 
 quently swab the mouth with this mixture. 
 
 INJURIES TO THE TONGUE.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 SORE MOUTH— STOMATITIS.— Young calves are usually the vic- 
 tims of this ailment and it usually comes on while they are teething. 
 
 CAUSES. — It frequently follows inflammation of the navel or comes 
 on as a result of the lack of nutritious food and it may be the result of diar- 
 rhea. This disease is not nearly so common in grown animals as it is in 
 calves and very often it occurs while they are cutting their teeth. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In the early stage there is usually some redness of the 
 mouth and some discharge of saliva, and in a few days pointed sores appear 
 which are white in color but soon change to yellow. The tissue breaks down 
 and gives off an offensive odor. In some cases the ulceration is so extensive 
 that the cheek is perforsited. In severe cases whfere the animal has diarrhea 
 death very often results in eight or ten days. In old cattle recovery seldom 
 takes place in less than from fifteen to twenty-five days. 
 
 TREATMENT. — For a calf give eight grains of quinine at a dose four 
 times a day and if there is diarrhea give a tablespoonful of lime water three 
 or four times a day. If the animal shows great weakness give two table- 
 spoonfuls of whiskey or brandy in a teacupful of sweetened water three or 
 four times a day. To quiet the odor from the mouth use permanganate of 
 potash and water, one dram to a pint, or put a tablespoonful of carbolic acid 
 into a pint of water and swab the raw surfaces several times a day. The 
 calf should be fed fresh cow's milk. Give tonics such as quinine, gentian 
 and iron. For calves give ten or fifteen grains of quinine at a dose and for 
 cows give not less than two drams at a dose two or three times a day. 
 
130 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 SLAVERING. — Slavering is a dribbling or discharge of mucus and 
 saliva from the mouth. 
 
 CAUSES. — Slavering is usually caused by some foreign body lodging 
 in the mouth or by cattle eating irritating plants or licking fresh lime; or, it 
 may be the result of applying mercurial ointment and it sometimes is caused 
 by sharp points on the teeth. It is also one of the symptoms of foot and 
 mouth disease. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all a very thorough examination of the mouth 
 should be made to ascertain if there is any foreign body causing the trouble, 
 and if such is the case it should be removed. Put one ounce of carbolic acid 
 and two ounces of glycerine into three quarts of tepid water, or dissolve 
 three ounces of powdered alum in a gallon of water, and wash out the mouth 
 three or four times a day. Sometimes the edges of the teeth become sharp and 
 irritate the mouth. This is easily remedied by filing off the points. Some- 
 times between the ages of two and four years the caps of temporary teeth, 
 when shedding, cause an inflammation of the mouth which is readily remedied 
 by pulling off these milk teeth. 
 
 VOMITING. — This is not a common ailment in cattle but it does some- 
 times follow irritation of either the first or fourth stomach and is no doubt 
 the result of eating indigestible material such as pieces of cloth, leather, 
 or any other substance that may act as an irritant. Besides, it is a result of 
 indigestion and when it does occur it usually takes place in animals that are 
 unthrifty. Vomiting generally lasts only a short time. 
 
 TR^^ATMENT. — Feed easily digested food that is non-irritating, also 
 give a small dose of epsom salts to clean out the stomach, or give one-half 
 ounce of chloral hydrate and two ounces of sub-nitrate of bismuth in one 
 quart of black coffee every six or eight hours. 
 CONGESTION OF THE LIVER— JAUNDICE OR YELLOWS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Bile stones forming in the duct of the liver, thereby obstruct- 
 ing the free flow of bile, is what generally brings on a congested or inflarned 
 condition of the liver. ' , ' 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — By pressing the hand on the right side along the lower 
 part of the short ribs the animal will evince pain ; there is always loss of appe- 
 tite and thirst ; the urine is dark colored ; the animal lies down quite a portion 
 of the time; seldom moves about without being forced and walks with a 
 staggering gait. In cows the secretion of milk is light and it very often has a 
 bitter taste. The horns and ears are generally cold and in some cases there 
 is coughing. * 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all, the bowels should be opened by giving from 
 one to two pounds of epsom salts and after they act freely give three ounces 
 of phosphate of soda in a quart of hot water twice a day, or give one-fourth 
 pound Glauber's salts daily, or give four tablespoonfuls of baking soda and two 
 tablespoonfuls of ginger at a dose in feed two or three times a day. 
 
 CIRRHOSIS OR HARDENING OF LIVER.— (See "Horse Depart- 
 ment.") 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER— HEPATITIS.— This is really 
 an advanced stage of congestion of the liver but it may be confined to one 
 part of the liver only as an abscess may form in this inflamed part. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It is no easy matter to make a correct diagnosis; how- 
 ever, the white of the eye and the membrane lining the mouth are always 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 131 
 
 yellow. The appetite is poor and the lower part of the belly appears full 
 while the upper part appears empty. The animal usually lies down a con- 
 siderable part of the time, showing weakness, with the head very often turned 
 resting on the side. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Give one-half pound of Glauber's salts in three pints of 
 tepid water at a dose once or twice a day or as often as necessary to open the 
 bowels. Apply mustard and water over the liver twice a day and give one 
 dram of quinine at a dose four times a day. 
 
 FLUKE DISEASE— WORM IN THE LIVER.— Cattle and sheep that 
 pasture on low-lying, swampy, river-bottom lands are sometimes troubled 
 with this ailment but, fortunately, it seems to be confined to certain localities. 
 Usually cattle become infected during the rainy season. 
 
 CAUSES. — This parasite or fluke is doubtless taken in with the food 
 or drinking water and finally lodges in the billiary duct of the liver. Here 
 it grows and develops and is then passed ofif through the bowels to perhaps 
 infect other cattle at some later day. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— At first; the animal thrives unusually well but when the 
 flukes grow and multiply they set up an irritation in the liver. The liver 
 softens and is easily torn and the animal becomes dull and swells under 
 the throat. His membranes grow yellow, the skin becomes dry, the body 
 dropsical and weakness and death soon follow. When cut open the para- 
 sites are found in the liver. 
 
 TREATMENT.— All diseased or affected animals should be killed and 
 unafifected cattle removed to high and dry pasture lots. There is no danger 
 in turning horses on affected pastures. 
 
 CHOKING. — This is a very common occurrence on the farm or in the 
 dairy. 
 
 CAUSES. — The animal sometimes chokes when eating vegetables such 
 as potatoes, turnips, beets, apples, or pears or when eating dry chaff or dry 
 6a,ts. It usually happens to animals that are ravenous eaters. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal suddenly stops eating, coughs some, breathes 
 heavily, and slavers at the mouth. It pokes out the nose and acts as though 
 swallowing but when water is poured down or the animal drinks it is soon 
 ejected and causes distress. If the choke is in the neck region considerable 
 bloating shows in the left side. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If the obstruction is in the mouth y?r well up in the 
 throat the mouth should be held open with a balling iron ; or, I have often 
 used a horse shoe or clevis or a piece of wood. If the hand of the person 
 is not too large the foreign body that is producing all the trouble can then 
 be removed with the hand very conveniently. However, if the choke is low 
 down a probang, which is made for this purpose, or a flexible buggy whip, 
 or a piece of rubber hose corked with a piece of wood with the end of cgurse 
 made smooth, can be passed down the gullet and the object forced into the 
 stomach. In performing this operation an assistant or two should take hold 
 of the head and straighten out the nose in a line with the neck, as this makes 
 easy the work of passing the probang. In some cases it is necessary to open 
 the gullet and remove the obstruction, then stitch up the gullet wound and 
 feed the animal on liquid diet for a week or ten days. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CHOKING.— 
 
 1. Tobacco. — Make a ball of fine-cut chewing tobacco as large as an 
 egg, hold the cow's head up and put the tobacco back far enough in the 
 
132 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 mouth so that she will have to swallow. This will cause sickness and vom- 
 iting and consequent relaxing of the muscles so that the apple or other ob- 
 struction will either be vomited up or worked down into the stomach. This 
 remedy has saved many valuable cows and may be depended upon. 
 
 2. Rubber Hose. — Run a piece of rubber hose down the throat. Never 
 use a whip or broomstick if any other remedy is at hand for fear of injuring 
 or killing the animal. 
 
 3. Egg. — Break an egg into the animal's mouth and it will relieve the 
 choking. 
 
 4. Lard or Linseed Oil. — Drench the animal with some melted lard or 
 some linseed oil and then work the obstruction loose with the hands. 
 
 5. Soft Soap. — Dilute half a pint of soft soap with some water and 
 pour down the animal's throat if it is choking. 
 
 STRICTURE OF THE CESOPHAGUS.— (See " Horse Department") 
 DILATION OF THE CESOPHAGUS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 ASCITES, ANASARCA OR DROPSY.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 LOCO DISEASE.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY OR 
 BREATHING ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Pneumonia, Pleurisy, Bronchitis, Hoose or Husk, Catarrh, Nasal 
 Gleet, Malignant Catarrh, Sore Throat, Etc.) 
 
 PNEUMONIA — INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS — LUNG 
 FEVER. — Pneumonia is an inflamed condition of the lung tissue. 
 
 CAUSES. — Pneumonia very often follows bronchitis, the inflammation 
 extending to the lung tissue; or, it comes from colds and exposure during 
 changeable weather, especially when the temperature is falling. It also re- 
 sults from exhaustion and stabling in damp, badly ventilated barns. Veter- 
 , inarians are pretty well agreed that it is a germ ailment and very often 
 infectious. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is always a cessation of rumination (loss of cud), 
 staring coat, more or less loss of appetite, and the animal usually has a chill. 
 The respirations are quick, the pulse is also quick and the temperature goes 
 up to 105 or 107 degrees. By sounding the chest a rasping sort of sound is 
 heard which later changes to a murmur. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In the treatment of pneumonia the animal should be 
 placed in a dry, comfortable stall free from drafts, the body kept warm and 
 plenty of fresh air admitted. It is also important to supply the patient with 
 all the cold water it' will drink, but of course not large quantities at a time. 
 Give twenty drops of fluid extract of aconite at a dose in one-half teacupful 
 of cold water every four hours until the fever reduces and the temperature 
 lowers within a degree or two of normal. Or, give three drams of nitrate of 
 potassium at a dose every six hours until the fever subsides. This can be 
 given in drinking water. When the circulation is weak give stimulants 
 such as sweet spirits of nitre, in one and one-half-ounce doses, with five ounces 
 of whiskey every six hours, or it can be given every four hours with good 
 results. If the legs are cold, bandage them in cotton. If the body is cold 
 blankets should be applied. I have found mustard and water applications to 
 give Telief when applied to the sides, also poultices of antiphlogistine, oil 
 meal, warm bran and even cold packs with plenty of dry blankets over 
 them have seemingly given relief. I have noticed good results to follow the 
 steaming with either creosote or carbolic acid for a few minutes a few times 
 daily. This is done by addirjg a tablespoonful of creosote or two table- 
 spoonfuls of carbolic acid to one gallon of boiling water, keeping it warm and 
 directing the stream into one or both nostrils for ten minutes at a time. 
 Whenever signs of improvement are shown, discontinue giving fever medi- 
 cine or you will do harm, but give tonics and laxatives. Give brandy, milk, 
 eggs, also some quinine, gentian, ginger or any home tonic or stimulant and 
 remember that good nursing has a whole lot to do with the successful treat- 
 ment of pneumonia. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PNEUMONIA.— 
 
 1. Salts and Mustard Plasters. — Give a pound of epsom salts and apply 
 mustard plasters freely. 
 
 133 
 
134 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 PLEURISY, — Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, which is a 
 membrane that lines the chest and is reflected over the lungs. When inflamed 
 it should be treated promptly for if allowed to go on and become chronic 
 the inflammation usually terminates in water in the chest. This condition 
 is called hydrothorax. 
 
 CAUSES. — The same causes which bring on other ailments such as 
 laryngitis, bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs, and diseases of ithe respira-' 
 tory organs will cause pleurisy. Besides, broken ribs and chest punctures 
 very often bring it on. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is always some fever, the pulse beats are wiry, 
 the breathing is quickened, the elbows are turned well out and the breath- 
 ing is done mostly with the abdominal muscles. In most cases of pleurisy 
 there is a well-marked crease extending from back of the elbow to the flank. 
 The act of expelling air from the lungs appears to be done with much more 
 ease than the act of taking the air into the chest. Pressure applied to the 
 space between the ribs causes pain and makes breathing more difficult. The 
 nose is dry, the ears hang down, there is loss of appetite and it is not unusua} 
 for the animal to point the nose around to the side as if suffering pain. By 
 tapping the ribs over the chest a clear sound is heard which is not the case 
 in pneumonia; besides, the breath is not hot and there is no rasping noise 
 as we hear in bronchitis. 
 
 TREATMENT.^If the bowels are not costive it will not be necessary 
 to give a laxative but be sure to apply mustard and water to the chest-'daily. 
 Give 25 drops of fluid extract of aconite every three hours in a teacupful of 
 cold water. Also give one-half ounce of powdered saltpeter twice a day. 
 The same treatment as for bronchitis and pneumonia in horses is also proper 
 in cattle but give almost twice as much medicine at a dose to cattle as to 
 horses. When a recovery does not take place promptly, water may accumu- 
 late in the chest and if this is the case follow the treatment prescribed for 
 hydrothorax. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. — Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane 
 which lines the bronchial tubes. 
 
 CAUSES. — Exposure to storms, sudden change of temperature, from hot 
 to cold and neglected cases of catarrh and sore throat are causes of this 
 disease. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal presents a rather peculiar expression, 
 breathes with a grunt and has a painful cough, high temperature and no appe- 
 tite. The, disease generally reaches its height in three days and begins to 
 let up in six or eight days. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Make the animal as comfortable as possible and apply 
 mustard and water to the lower part of the neck and sides. I have found that 
 good results follow the giving of injections of soap suds to open the bowels,* 
 but you must avoid purging. You will find treatment for this ailment given 
 in the horse department but give larger doses to the cow than are prescribed 
 for the horse. 
 
 HOOSE— HUSK— FILARIA BRONCHITIS.— This is an ailment that 
 affects young animals more than aged ones and is brought on by young calveS 
 or lambs swallowing parasites in egg form which, when meeting the heat 
 and moisture of the body, soon grow and develop into small, slender, thread- 
 like worms which fill up the air passages and if not treated produce death. 
 
 SYMPTOMS — The coughing up of worms is very often the first means 
 
•CATTLE— DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 135 
 
 nf knowing what the ailment is. The coat becomes dry, a suffocating sort 
 of breathing soon sets in and a husky cough follows. 
 
 TREATMENT* — Fee4 plenty of grain, vegetables and grass. Give one 
 ounce of turpentine in twelve ounces of raw linseed oil at a dose twice a 
 day for a few days, then once daily for a few days if you believe it is neces- 
 sary to continue the treatment. Place all the infected animals in a closed 
 building and then put small quantities of sulphur on a hot shovel. This will 
 make fumes which will kill the worms by being breathed but, for fear of suffo- 
 cation, the attendant should remain in the building with the cattle. 
 
 CATARRH— COLD IN THE HEAD.— Catarrh or cold in the head is a 
 congestion, irritation or inflammation of the lining membrane of the nose 
 and passages of the head, sometimes extending to the throat and eyes. 
 
 CAUSES. — Windy, dusty weather, damp stables, exposure to storms 
 when the weather has changed from hot to cold, or allowing cattle to stand 
 in a draft after severe exercise are causes of this disease. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a slight rise of temperature, sometimes a cough, 
 generally some sneezing, a watery discharge from the nose and this dis- 
 charge soon becomes thicker, the eyes are somewhat swollen and generally 
 inflamed, the limbs are cold and also the tips of the horns, the pulse is 
 quickened, the appetite is poor and the bowels are usually constipated. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Place the animal in a warm, clean, dry and comfort- 
 able stable and give one-half to one pound of epsom salts to open the bowels. 
 One dose may be sufficient but if not repeat the dose in 24 hours. Also 
 give 15-drop doses of tincture of aconite every three hours to reduce the fever 
 and feed cooling, laxative foods. If necessary to steam the head follow treat- 
 ment for catarrh in horses. 
 
 CHRONIC CATARRH— NASAL GLEET.— This is very often the re- 
 sult of neglected simple nasal catarrh or cold in the head and sometimes it 
 becomes contagious. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is generally caused by neglected cases of nasal catarrh 
 that terminate in nasal gleet or a sort of malignant catarrh which is per- 
 haps due to small organisms similar to bacteria. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The nose is hot and dry; sometimes the animal chills; 
 the eyes are sore, inflamed and generally closed ; there is loss of appetite ; the 
 urine is scanty and the bowels costive. There is a high temperature, great 
 thirst, coughing, a sloughing of the membranes of the mouth and the breath 
 is generally fetid. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is always good judgment to remove a sick animal 
 that shows the above symptoms to a place by itself for fear of its infecting 
 others. Give one and one-fourth or one and one-half pounds of epsom salts 
 to open the bowels. Also give aconite or acetanilide to reduce the fever. 
 Steam with creosote and hot water and give any good home tonic. Remem- 
 ber these cases take time to recover. 
 
 MALIGNANT CATARRH.— This is a condition of the upper air pas- 
 sages attended with offensive discharges from the nose and sometimes with 
 sloughing. The disease is generally contagious. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is no doubt caused by some sort of minute organisms, 
 but just what they are no one appears to know. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It is usually ushered in with a chill followed by fever. 
 The muzzle is dry, the animal is dull and dumpish, the eyes are almost 
 closed and somewhat swollen, the saliva drools from the mouth and the eyes 
 
136 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 and nose discharge freely. The pulse is quick and weak, the cough increases, 
 the bowels are generally costive or else too loose and the animal has great 
 thirst but no appetite for food. The breath becomes fetid, the membranes 
 highly inflamed and the passages of the head become stopped up. In many 
 cases during the last stage there is quite extensive sloughing, great weak- 
 ness and also a considerable fall of temperature. The eyeballs very often 
 burst and death may result in ten days. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The animal should be kept away from all others and 
 if it is summer time should be put in a cool place and if in winter kept warm. 
 Give a pound or more of epsom salts in a quart or two of water to move the 
 bowels and if very feverish give one dram of acetanilide and one ounce of 
 alcohol in a pint of water at a dose four times a day ; or, give thirty drops of 
 fluid extract of aconite at a dose three or four times a day until the fever 
 subsides. Also give one-half ounce of nitrate of potash at a dose in feed or 
 water twice daily. Drop one ounce of carbolic acid or creosote into two 
 quarts of water and keep the mixture hot enough to generate steam, which 
 is to be directed into the nostrils three times a day for ten or fifteen minutes 
 at a time. If you can arrange to direct the steam through a tube into one 
 nostril at a time it will be all the better. As soon as the animal begins to 
 recover give a good condition powder or tonic. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR MALIGNANT CATARRHAL 
 
 FEVER.— 
 
 1. Steaming. — Give injections to move the bowels and every four hours 
 give two ounces of sweet spirits of nitre in a pint of water. The cow should 
 be made to inhale steam arising from a bucket of hot water to which has 
 been added a tablespoonful or two of carbolic acid. 
 
 SORE THROAT— LARYNGITIS.— Laryngitis, or sore throat, is an in- 
 flammation of the larynx. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by coming out of a warm stable and standing in 
 a cold draft or by exposure to cold storms of rain or snow. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Inability to eat or drink easily, breathing quicker, pulse 
 more rapid with some fever, some drooling from the mouth, more or less 
 dullness and a cough are symptoms of sore throat. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply equal parts of turpentine, aqua ammonia and 
 sweet oil to the throat twice daily or apply antiphlogistine. Steam the head 
 or dissolve one-fourth ounce of chlorate of potash in a quart of water and 
 wash the throat three times a day. 
 
 MALIGNANT SORE THROAT.— Malignant sore throat in animals is 
 very much like quinsy in man and it very often proves fatal. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is no doubt the result of some sort of infection ; however, 
 it is not well understood. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The early symptoms are very much like those of colds 
 and distemper or simple sore throat. The mucous membranes inflame, the 
 throat swells a great deal, the mouth is kept open, the tongue is covered 
 with purple-like spots and the animal soon shows great weakness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Steam the head with either creosote or carbolic acid 
 and apply equal parts of turpentine, tincture of cantharides, aqua ammonia 
 and raw linseed oil to the throat twice a day for two days ; also poultice the 
 throat. Put tvyo drams of chlorate of potash and a teaspoonful of chloride 
 of iron into four ounces of water and wash the throat every three hours. 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 137 
 
 [f the case proves fatal either burn or bury the carcass deep to prevent in- 
 fection of others. 
 
 TRACHEOTOMY (Inserting Tube in Windpipe).— (See "Horse De- 
 partment.") 
 
 PNEUMOTHORAX— AIR OR GAS IN THE CHEST.— (See "Horse 
 Department.") 
 
 HYDROTHORAX— WATER IN CHEST— DROPSY OF LUNGS.— 
 (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 NASAL POLYPUS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Diseases of the Kidneys and Bladder.) 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS— NEPHRITIS.— This aihnent 
 is not very common in the ox and is generally brought on by injury of some 
 kind, giving too strong diuretic medicine or eating acrid plants which act 
 on the kidneys. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are: colicky pains, uneasiness, passing 
 small quantities of highly-colored urine, straddling, loss of appetite, arched 
 back, sweating, quick breathing and quick pulse. The animal is weak and 
 becomes more stupid. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a dose of epsom salts, not less than one pound; 
 also a pint or two of raw linseed oil. Apply hot blankets to loins or mustard 
 and water or hot poultices. Give 15 drops of tincture of aconite and a tea- 
 spoonful of fluid extract of belladonna at a dose three or four times a day. 
 
 KIDNEY AILMENTS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER— CYSTITIS.— The mucous 
 membrane of the bladder frequently inflames ; however, the entire organ sel- 
 dom does. 
 
 CAUSES. — Any disturbance of the digestive organs and eating infected 
 food or food which makes the urine acid instead of alkaline, are likely to 
 irritate the mucous membrane of the bladder. It also follows calculi, or 
 giving strong drugs that act harshly on the urinary organs and it also 
 follows a retention or holding of the urine too long. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite, a rise of temperature, uneasi- 
 ness, quick pulse and the urine is highly colored. Passing the hand into 
 the rectum and pressing against the bladder produces pain. When the attack 
 is severe and proper treatment is not given the animal soon dies from 
 weakness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give one pound of epsom salts, apply hot blankets to 
 the loins and flush out the bladder of cows with warm water. Give small doses 
 of lithia in water or linseed tea. 
 
 RED WATER— H.ffiMATURIA.— This is a condition where either 
 blood or the coloring matter of the blood is passing off by way of the kidneys. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is very often the result of an injury, calculi in the kid- 
 neys or bladder, eating poor food or poisonous plants, a specific disease such 
 as Texas fever ; or,it may result from giving irritating drugs. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If caused by poor food, make a change. Study the 
 cause and treat accordingly. If caused by calculi, crush or remove them. 
 Give tonics and such food as is recommended for indigestion. Iron, quinine, 
 gentian, quassia or cod liver oil and good care will help all cases of red water 
 in cattle. 
 
 DIABETES-INSIPIDUS OR PROFUSE URINATION.— The passing 
 of enormous quantities of urine is generally called diabetes if the urine is of 
 a clear, water-like color. 
 
 CAUSES. — The causes are : eating acrid diuretic plants ; giving too much 
 
 l^8 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF URINARY ORGANS. 139 
 
 sugar-producing food or swill; feeding musty, badly-cured fodder; or eating 
 frozen food. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Change the food supply. Give one dram of iodide of 
 potassium at a dose in either food or water three times a day; also give 
 one-ounce doses of fluid extract of ergot twice a day, but be sure it is fresh 
 medicine. If the appetite is poor give one dram of ground nux vomica, one- 
 half ounce of gentian and one ounce of ginger at a dose two or three times 
 a day. 
 
 UR.ffiMIA. — This is where the urine is reabsorbed into the system, 
 causing an excess of urea and of course blood poisoning. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Smell the skin and it has the odor of urine; besides, the 
 animal has a dull, sick appearance. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Draw off the urine if the animal fails to pass it, give 
 lithia in one-ounce doses, or give one ounce of fluid extract or powdered 
 buchu leaves at a dose four times a day and a mild dose of epsom salts. If 
 the animal is weak give two or three-ounce doses of liquor ammonia acetatis 
 and be sure that this medicine is made fresh before you give it or it will 
 do no good. Feed easily-digested food and keep the bowels open. 
 
 GRAVEL— CALCULI— STONE IN THE BLADDER.— It is not un- 
 usual to find calculi in the bladder or pelvis of the kidney in animals that 
 pasture on limestone land or drink water that comes through limestone rock. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is difficulty in passing the urine and the water 
 is usually tinged with blood. Certain kinds of food appear to favor the forma- 
 tion of calculi in the bladder. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When an operation is necessary you had better call 
 a veterinari-an, unless the stone can be crushed by hand. By passing the 
 hand into the rectum the stone can usually be found. In some cases it is 
 necessary to cut them out. 
 
 TAPPING THE BLADDER OF THE OX OR BULL.— In cases where 
 there is a stopping of the water it can be drawn off by cutting into the urethra 
 just below the anus where the urethra turns over the angle of the pelvis. Be 
 sure to make no larger opening than is absolutely necessary to admit the 
 catheter. The wound should be well looked after and healed quickly. Apply 
 equal parts of iodoform, boric acid and powdered alum twice a day. 
 
 INCONTINENCE OF URINE— ENURESIS.— This ailment is usu- 
 ally the result of paralysis of the muscle at the neck of the bladder and on 
 account of its relaxed condition the urine leaks out of the bladder and drib- 
 bles away from the animal. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the animal is in a weakened condition give it plenty 
 of nourishing food and give one dram of fluid extract of nux vomica at a 
 ciose in feed three times a day. Also give one ounce of lithia at a dose in 
 feed three times a day, and apply mustard plasters to the back every two 
 days. I have known cold applications to the back to produce good results 
 in some cases ; however, they should not be kept on too long. 
 
DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Pregnancy, Calving and All Attending Difficulties, Diseases of 
 the Vagina and Womb, Milk Fever, Garget, Diseases of the New-born 
 Calf, Spaying, Barrenness of Cows and Bulls, Castration, Etc.) 
 
 THE GENITAL ORGANS OF THE COW.— 
 
 THE OVARIES. — The ovaries of the cow are generally found to be 
 smaller than in the mare but are much the same in all other respects. 
 
 THE WOMB, VAGINA, ETC.— The womb of the cow differs from the 
 mare's not so much in shape as in that the inner surface is covered with 
 " cotyledons " or button-like bodies which are small when the cow is not 
 pregnant but are quite large near calving time. The afterbirth or placenta 
 is attached to these buttons. The vagina of the cow is shorter than in the 
 mare. The vulva is almost the same, but the clitoris is generally smaller 
 in the cow than in the mare. 
 
 THE UDDER, MILK BAG OR MAMMARY GLAND.— This is di- 
 vided into halves and each half is again divided. All four quarters secrete 
 milk and drop it into a pouch which is situated just above the teats. Dairy- 
 men should study the udder for here is where they have lots of trouble ; there- 
 fore, they cannot know too mucl» about the udder. 
 
 GESTATION IN COWS.— It can be safely stated that a cow, if in a 
 normal condition, will carry the calf between two hundred and eighty and 
 two hundred and ninety days or between nine and nine and one-half months. 
 There are cases on record where cows have carried their calves eleven months 
 and it is said that the produce is usually male when the cow carries her calf 
 beyond nine and one-half months. 
 
 PREGNANCY AND HOW TO TELL IT.— When the cow is in good 
 health she comes in heat every third week when not pregnant but of course 
 there are exceptional cases. When pregnant she generally ceases to come in 
 heat, becomes quieter, feeds better and is generally more thrifty and after 
 a few weeks she begins to enlarge in the right flank and after the fifth or 
 sixth month the calf will be seen to kick after the cow has taken a drink of 
 cold water; or, by pressing the hand against the right flank a solid object 
 can be felt and besides, if the hand is put into the rectum the calf may be 
 felt. Young cows spring some four months before calving, the udder grad- 
 ually increasing in size until parturition, but older cows do not make much 
 bag until five or six weeks, or even less, before calving. 
 
 SYMPTOMS JUST PREVIOUS TO PARTURITION OR CALVING. 
 — The vulva usually swells within a few days of calving and the udder fills 
 gradually for a few weeks, but usually fills full and becomes hard within two 
 or three days of calving and perhaps the most noticeable symptom is a 
 falling away on each side of the hips close to the tail. When these symptoms 
 appear the cow should be put into a comfortable place and away from other 
 cattle or animals that may excite her. 
 
 DIFFICULT CALVING— DIFFICULT FOALING— MALPRESEN- 
 TATION. — If a mare or cow be in a healthy condition and strong and 
 
 140 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES GF GENERATIVE ORGANS. Wl 
 
 vigorous she will seldom experience any trouble in foaling or calving. Some- 
 times labor pains come on before the mouth of the womb has relaxed and in 
 such cases the hand should be passed, using the thumb and finger at first 
 and later the hand, to dilate the opening into the womb. Before passing the 
 hand the nails should be cut short and made smooth and the hand oiled 
 with one part carbolic acid and ten parts vaseline or sweet oil. It also as- 
 sists matters to smear the neck of the womb with equal parts of fluid ex- 
 tract of belladonna and vaseline to assist in relaxing the parts. The normal 
 position for a foal or calf to come is the forefeet first with the nose between 
 the knees and when the mother is unable to expel the foetus assistance can 
 be given her but it should be done gently for if not the colt or calf may be 
 killed; besides, she should be assisted most when making an effort herself. 
 Never pull on a colt or calf unless you are sure that you are pulling on both 
 forefeet or both hind ones for unless you are a delivery cannot be accom- 
 plished. In some cases the colt or calf will be found dropsical, making it 
 impossible for the foetus to pass. In these cases push the foetus back and 
 tap its belly with a knife, then assist in the delivery. In other cases water 
 is found in the head of the foetus and these cases also require tapping. The 
 swelling is usually in the top of the head. The operation is best done with 
 a trocar or small knife. A foal or calf may come with the forefeet and 
 head turned back, or a forefoot and a hind one may come. Sometimes the 
 head will appear and the forefeet be turned back and at other times all four 
 feet appear to come together with the head turned back. Now, in order to 
 deliver the colt or calf in these cases, the hind quarters of the animal should 
 be raised eight or ten inches higher than the fore quarters and the foetus 
 should be pushed back and placed in position and then either taken away nor- 
 mally or with the hind feet first. It is always good practice to tie soft 
 pieces of rope around the head and feet before the foetus is pushed back 
 into the uterus, but of course mark your ropes to know whether it is the 
 head, a forefoot or a hind one. Keep in mind that there may be twins as 
 these cases do sometimes occur in the mare and more frequently in the cow 
 and when they do they are rather puzzling; consequently, a thorough ex- 
 amination should be made and good judgment used. After taking away 
 the first one the second one usually comes away easily. Sometimes you will 
 meet with deformities which may also puzzle you but whatever is done should 
 be done without force, for the inner walls of the womb and vagina are easily 
 lacerated or torn ; besides, it is an easy matter to infect the mother. There- 
 fore, be clean and use antiseptics and disinfectants freely. It is well to 
 keep in mind that if the mare does not deliver foal within an hour or less 
 after the labor commences there is something wrong; therefore, the case 
 should be looked into right away for if looked after early she can be assisted 
 much more easily and understandingly than if you delay. Besides, by being 
 prompt you can very often save the mare or cow and the produce. 
 
 CLEANING— RETENTION OF PLACENTA OR AFTERBIRTH.— 
 Whenever the afterbirth does not come away in twelve or twenty-four 
 hours it should be taken away by hand. 
 
 CAUSES. — Failure to clean properly is very often the result of prema- 
 ture parturition; poverty of the animal; too hurried delivery; adhesions 
 which are the result of pre-existing inflammation in the womb ; or, it may 
 be the result of a failure to establish sufficient contraction of the uterus. 
 If not temoved it rots away, causing irritation, a putrid condition, a nasty 
 
143 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 vaginal discharge, a rapid loss of condition and shrinkage in milk; besides, 
 there may be absorption of putrid matter and a poisoning of the animal. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a mild dose of epsom salts tc open the bowels. 
 Tying a light weight to the afterbirth assists in stimulating the womb to 
 contraction and expulsion of the afterbirth. The most satisfactory method 
 is to remove it by hand in not less than twenty- four hours after parturition, 
 before the mouth of womb has closed. The hand should be well oiled with 
 one part carbolic acid and ten parts vaseline and be sure to cut the finger 
 nails, making them smooth to prevent wounding the uterus or vagina. The 
 protruding membranes should be gently pulled upon with the left hand 
 while the right hand should be introduced into the womb and the connecting 
 cotyledons or buttons crushed off from their connections with the womb. 
 This process may be slow for there are many of these buttons but it will pay 
 to take time enough to do the work properly. In operating, care should be 
 taken not to injure the inner wall of the uterus and the work should be done 
 thoroughly so as to prevent sloughing and a sub-acute inflammation of the 
 uterus. To prevent a retention of the afterbirth try to guard against abor- 
 tion and avoid having poverty stricken animals. All thin cows should be 
 well fed for two or three weeks before calving and if this is done they will 
 clean much better than if they are in a debilitated condition when they are 
 calving. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR RETENTION OF AFTER- 
 BIRTH.— 
 
 1. Saltpeter or Epsom Salts. — If the cow does not clean properly give a 
 tablespoonful of saltpeter three times a day; or, give ^4: pound epsom salts 
 twice a dav until the bowels move freely and afterbirth comes away. 
 
 CLOSING OF THE NECK OF THE WOMB AT CALVING.— It is 
 not unusual when labor pains come on to find the neck of the womb not yet 
 relaxed, making it impossible for the delivery of the calf. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Lack of results from labor pains should lead to an exam- 
 ination by hand which would reveal the fact that the neck of the womb is 
 closed. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Saturate a soft piece of sponge or cloth with extract 
 of belladonna, tie a string to it, push it into the neck of the womb and leave 
 it there for a few hours ; but if the neck of the uterus can be dilated with the 
 hand without using too much force, do so and the cow will perhaps have 
 her calf with little if any assistance. When the belladonna is applied the 
 animal should be given ounce doses of chloral hydrate in a pint or two of 
 water every threS hours ; or, give one-half ounce of fluid extract of opium to 
 quiet her pains until the belladonna relaxes and opens the neck of the womb. 
 
 FLOODING— UTERINE HEMORRHAGE.— Hemorrhage very often 
 occurs when a calf has been removed or when the cow is extremely weak. It 
 may be the result of protracted labor or bungling assistance during parturi- 
 tion, or it may follow a removal of the afterbirth. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Pour cold water over the loins or inject some cold water 
 into the womb, using a rubber tube and funnel; or, dissolve two ounces of 
 alum in a quart of water and pour this solution in and, if this does not check 
 the hemorrhage, fill the entire uterus with an alum solution of this same 
 strength, closing the vulva or elevating the hind quarters so that the fluid 
 will remain in the womb. Give one ounce of fluid extract of ergot at a dose 
 every thirty or forty minutes until the hemorrhage ceases. After the bleeding 
 has stopped the uterus should be washed out with clean water, using one part 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 143 
 
 carbolic acid to a hundred parts water. The animal should be kept perfectly 
 quiet for twenty-four hours. 
 
 EVERSION OF THE VAGINA.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 EVERSION OF THE WOMB— WOMB OR CALF-BED TURNED 
 INSIDE OUT. — This is a turning inside-out of the womb, brought on very 
 often by the cow's lying with her hind parts too low and also by a con- 
 tinuation of the after-pains or a careless removal of the afterbirth and it 
 sometimes occurs in weak cows at time of calving, from coughing or from 
 over-feeding with bulky food. These all have a tendency to crowd out the 
 uterus. 
 
 SYMPTOMS, — There is a protrusion of the uterus through the vagina 
 to a greater or less extent. 
 
 TREATMENT. — By promptly calling a competent veterinarian the cow's 
 life is often saved, unless the farmer or dairyman will use cleanliness and 
 good judgment in replacing the womb without injury. First of all, place the 
 cow with the forequarters about a foot lower than the hind ones and spread 
 a clean sheet or towel that has been dipped in one part carbolic acid and fifty 
 parts water or one part corrosive sublimate and one thousand parts tepid 
 water. Clean the everted portion and hind parts of the cow by pouring on 
 either of these preparations. The uterus should be supported with this sheet 
 or towel, an assistant holding each end while the veterinarian or dairyman 
 gently returns the parts to their normal place. Apply a surcingle snugly 
 around the body at the flank, put two or three stitches in upper portion of 
 vulva and keep her in the position I have suggested and also keep her from 
 straining by giving her one-ounce doses of chloral hydrate and two-dram doses 
 of fluid extract belladonna, or four-dram doses of fluid extract of opium, every 
 five or six hours or as often as necessary to keep her q.uiet. Dissolve two 
 ounces of sugar of lead and one ounce of carbolic acid in a gallon of water 
 and wash out the vagina through a rubber hose with a funnel at the end, 
 twice a day. Give her good care and plenty of nourishing food that is not 
 too bulky. Now just a word of caution : Be very careful not to puncture a hole 
 in the uterus or lacerate it. Be sure to have no sharp finger nails or dirty 
 hands when you return the parts. Be sure that she has recovered before 
 you allow her to run around or lie down with the hind parts too low. 
 
 CESAREAN OPERATION.— This is an operation whereby the calf 
 is taken through the side of the cow. It is sometimes desirable to perform this 
 operation in case of accident to the cow or mare, especially if they are thor- 
 oughbreds, for the purpose of saving their produce; besides, in difficult and 
 impossible cases of delivery as a last resort this operation is performed. As 
 this work is difficult it should never be attempted by any other person than a 
 capable veterinary surgeon or physician. If the cow is exhausted and in a 
 high state of inflammation her life cannot be saved but the calf can. In 
 case the mother has just died, any person may operate and it is astonishing 
 to know how successful dairymen are but I have never known inexperienced 
 persons to operate and save both cow and calf. 
 
 RUPTURE OF THE WOMB. — A rupture of the womb seldom occurs 
 unless a cow is roughly handled by hands or with instruments. However, it 
 does occasionally occur when it is hard to tell the exact cause. The feet are 
 sometimes pulled in such a way, when assisting in the delivery of the calf, as 
 to rupture the uterus. When it occurs the bowels may protrude through the 
 opening, causing hemorrhage. 
 
144 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 TREATMENT. — ^If an eversion takes place, close the womb by stitching 
 the tear closely with catgut, then return it to place, using solutions of one 
 part carbolic acid to two hundred parts water and if the animal shows much 
 pain give one-ounce doses of chloral hydrate or one ounce of fluid extract of 
 opium at a dose, every three or four hours, until pain ceases. 
 
 DROPSY OF THE WOMB BEFORE CALVING.— This is caused by 
 a derangement of the fcetal membranes and there must be an excessive 
 amount of fluid secreted around the foetus. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The belly of the cow grows to be unusually large but the 
 fluid usually comes away at the proper time without doing any harm. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Feed the cow well and see that she has daily exercise ; 
 if she is weak, give tonics. 
 
 DROPSY OR SWELLING OF THE BELLY BEFORE PARTURI- 
 TION.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 PARALYSIS OF THE HIND QUARTERS BEFORE CALVING.— 
 Thin, weak, emaciated cows that are poorly fed and not sheltered sometimes 
 lose the proper use of their hind quarters and are unable to get up without 
 assistance. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply mustard and water to the back every day or two 
 and give a tablespoonful or two of the following compound powder at a. dose 
 in feed three times a day. The powder is made by mixing ground gentian 
 root, ground ginger, powdered saltpeter, baking soda, ground nux vomica and 
 powdered charcoal. Also increase the animal's food supply, not forgetting to 
 feed her some vegetables. ' 
 
 PARALYSIS AFTER CALVING.— This consists in either a partial or 
 complete loss of power of the hind quarters after calving. It is caused by 
 weakness or pressure from an unusually large calf. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply mustard and water to the back ; blanket warm ; 
 feed on nourishing, laxative food and milk the cow four times a day. Also 
 give two-dram doses of fluid extract of nux vomica and three drams of citrate 
 of potash at a dose three times a day. Apply equal parts turpentine, aqua 
 ammonia and sweet oil to the back daily if the mustard and water does not 
 produce the desired results. 
 
 MILK FEVER— PARTURIENT APOPLEXY.— In this disease there 
 is a congested condition of the brain and spinal cord and in every case it 
 follows the act of parturition and as a rule seldom attacks a cow until after 
 she has had two or more calves and it seems to be a disease which afifects 
 cows more than any other animals. It seldom attacks light milkers but usu- 
 ally selects the very best milk producers. Until within a few years it has been 
 considered a fatal disease. High feeding, under-exercising and a plethoric 
 condition leading up to apoplexy are doubtless predisposing causes. It in- 
 variably follows an easy parturition and a rapid emptying of the udder. It 
 seldom, if ever, follows abortion and rarely occurs in a poorly-fed and de- 
 bilitated cow. Following the latest methods of treatment a recovery gener- 
 ally takes place rapidly. The second attack is more likely to prove fatal than 
 the first attack. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The first symptoms noticed may be tjie decrease in 
 milk flow, some dullness, holding the head low, loss of appetite and a disin- 
 clination to move. The cow pays no attention to her calf and walks with an 
 unsteady gait. The base of the horns and the poll are unusually hot but the 
 surface of the body is colder than usual. The bowels become constipated, 
 
TEXAS FEVER. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMI 
 (Metritis.) 
 
 MILK FEVER OR PARTURIENT 
 APOPLEXY. 
 
 PARTURIENT PERITONITIS, 
 
 IMPACTION OF THE MANYPLIES. 
 
 LUMP-JAW. 
 
SKELETON OF THE COW. 
 
 STOMACH OF THE COW. 
 

-I 
 
 '■1 
 
 s 
 
 
 
THE CANADIAN STOCK FARM WHERE DR. FAIR SPENT HIS BOYHOOD 
 
 DAYS 
 
 Dr. Fair was born and brought up on this beautiful Canadian Stock Farm and 
 here he learned his first lessons in practical farming, horse shoeing and raising pedi- 
 greed live stock. 
 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
 It:«r 
 
 ,fe-^ 
 
 
 DR. FAIR'S "MENTOR STOCK FARM" 
 
 This stock farm is at Mentor, Ohio, near the old home of President Garfield, 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER'S GREAT DANE WATCH DOG. 
 
 Dr. Fair removed a cancerous tumor from this valuable dog. 
 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
 DR. FAIR'S LMPORTED SCOTCH COLLIE. 
 Kept at "Mentor Stock Farm." Many interesting stories are told showing the great 
 intelligence of the collie. 
 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
CATTLE-DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 145 
 
 the urine, if passed, is scanty and the bowel discharges are covered -vrith 
 mucus. The cow soon falls to the ground and becomes excited trying to rise. 
 She throws her head about for a while but soon assumes a comatose state as 
 though asleep. The eyes are glassy and not sensitive. The head is usually 
 turned to one side and when pulled out straight she soon flops it back to tha 
 former position. She is usually bloated and the bladder is full. The disease 
 may set m one hour after calving but usually occurs one, two or three days 
 afterwards, seldom occurring later than ten days. The earlier it appears, I 
 believe the more fatal it is. However, some cases that develop slowly term- 
 inate in death. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The treatment of milk fever in cattle has changed 
 within the past few ^ears and a reliable remedy has at last been found. The 
 " oxygen " or what is commonly known as the " air treatment," if applied in 
 lime, will save ninety-five per cent, of the cows suffering with milk fever. 
 The old treatment of blood-letting, giving large doses of cathartic medicine 
 or whiskey or ammonia and applying mustard and turpentine to the back 
 or using other strong liniments, also giving chloral hydrate and bromide of 
 potash, was thought to be beneficial. However, it is not necessary in most 
 cases to give drugs. Several years ago, Schmidt of Kolding, advised filling 
 the udder with a sterilized solution of potassium iodide as soon as possible and 
 tiis new treatment gave fairly good results. However, it is not much practised 
 now. Sometimes a salt solution is used instead, but the air treatment gives 
 much the best results. The iodide of potassium solution is made by dissolv- 
 ing two drams of iodide of potassium in a pint of clean boiled water and is 
 injected into the four quarters, four ounces into each quarter of the udder. 
 When called to treat a case, or if you do it yourself at home, first place the 
 cow m a clean place, wash her udder with soap and water, wipe it clean, 
 pour over a little alcohol or disinfectant, such as one part carbolic acid to 
 fifty parts of water, or one part coal-tar disinfectant and thirty parts watet. 
 If you have oxygen at hand, use it; if not, fill the udder with clean sterilized 
 air, but not until you have milked all the milk out of the udder. Be sure to 
 knead the udder in order that it may be inflated thoroughly. Tie a tape 
 around the neck of each teat to prevent the air from escaping. If the cow does 
 not recover in five or six hours, repeat the air treatment. The teat tube 
 should be clean. If you give the cow stimulants or any medicine it must be 
 done through a rubber tube for if not the medicine is likely to go dawn the 
 windpipe and bring on bronchial pneumonia. Cold water applied to the head 
 is aJways helpful. The body should be kept warm and the legs hand rubbed. 
 Never empty a cow's udder too soon after calving. Don't overfeed a fat 
 cow before calving. Keep the bowels open and exercise her. In using the 
 air treatment, if you have a milking tube and a common bicycle pump and no 
 other appliances, .use them, but try to blow pure air into the udder. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR MILK FEVER.— 
 
 1. Fresh Water. — Immediately after calving see that the cow has plenty 
 of fresh water to drink. Do not give too much at a dose but a pailful at short 
 intervals. This is a preventive of milk fever. 
 
 2. Proper Feeding.— Feed but half the usual quantity of grain for two 
 weeks before calving. For twenty-four hours after calving give nothing but 
 fresh water, then begin with half ration and gradually increase the allowance. 
 If adhered to this treatment will prevent milk fever. 
 
 3. Soapsuds, Turpentine and Lard. — Move the bowels with injections 
 
 3-10 
 
146 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 of warm soapsuds and to the back and udder apply a mixture of one part tUj- 
 pentine and six parts lard twice a day for two days. 
 
 4. Salts, Lard and Ginger. — To a quart of warm lard add a pound of 
 epsom salts and an ounce of pulverized ginger and give as a drench. 
 
 PUERPERAL FEVER.— This is a fever that often follows calving. It is 
 brought on by exposure to cold and wet storms or by want of proper nourish- 
 ment before calving. Young heifers, when they first come fresh, seem to be 
 affected more frequently than older cows. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a quick pulse, high temperature, somewhat red- 
 dened mucous membranes, a lessened milk flow and the udder may be hot and 
 tender. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a medium-sized dose of epsom salts and give ten 
 drops of tincture of aconite every three hours until the fever reduces. Feed 
 vegetables and slops instead of grain. In many cases it will not be necessary 
 to give any medicine. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE VAGINA— VAGINITIS.— This is an in- 
 flammation of the vagina and is generally the result of lacerations or injuries 
 of some kind during calving. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^There is always more or less swelling and an inflamed 
 condition of the lining membrane with some mucus discharge. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Mi-Id cases require little or no treatment. Inject some 
 of the following lotion into the vagina two or three times a day — naix sugar 
 of lead, one ounce and carbolic acid, two drams, with a gallon of water. This 
 makes a useful application for such cases. Or, dissolve two ounces of pow- 
 dered alum in a gallon of water or two drams of permanganate of potash in a 
 gallon of water, or dissolve one-half pound of hypo-sulphite of soda in a 
 gallon of water. Any of these makes a good application. However, in the 
 treatment of su-ch cases it is a good plan to change the treatment every few 
 days. If the bowels are costive feed laxative food and give epsom salts and 
 if the kidneys do not act freely give a tablespoonful of citrate of potash or 
 powdered saltpeter at a dose two or three times a day. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB— METRITIS.— This occurs a few 
 days after calving, It is caused by the animal's getting wet or standing in a 
 cold draft or it comes from the wrong kind of assistance during calving when 
 infected hands and instruments have been used. It also follows eversion of 
 the womb. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is coldness of the extremities and surface of the 
 body at first, followed by quick breathing and high fever. There is also loss 
 of appetite and rumination ceases. There is some swelling of the vagina and 
 the passage of blood-like mucus. The bowels are usually constipated and the 
 animal stands with the back arched. By passing the hand into the rectum, 
 the womb will be found swollen and tender. The milk flow diminishes and 
 in some cases the cow becomes unconscious and shows symptoms of milk 
 fever. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Treatment must be both local and internal. Give a 
 laxative of epsom salts or linseed oil. Give ten drops of fluid extract of aconite 
 and a teaspoonful of fluid extract of belladonna at a dose in a pint of cold 
 wafer as a drench three or four times a day. Apply wet cloths to the bead 
 and hot blankets to the loins and if she is very feverish give one-dram doses 
 of acetanilide four or five times a day and use the same injections recommended 
 for vaginitis. 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 147 
 
 WHITES— LEUCORRHEA.— This is a chronic inflammation of the 
 womb and vagina. 
 
 _ CAUSES.— It very often follows injuries sustained while the cow is being 
 assisted in calving. It also follows a retention of the afterbirth and it very 
 often follows abortion and sometimes results from wearing a pessary to pre- 
 vent eversion of the vagina or womb. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.- -There is a white discharge of more or less offensive 
 mucus with some swelling of the vagina and vulva. There is also some shrink- 
 age in milk and loss of flesh. The cow very often comes in heat too often and 
 remains in heat longer than she otherwise would. In other cases she may 
 not come in heat at all. By introducing the hand into the rectum the womb 
 will be found somewhat enlarged. 
 
 TREATMENT.— As a rule mild astringents and antiseptic washes are 
 proper remedies. First wash out the vagina and uterus with warm water 
 usmg a rubber tube with a funnel at the end. If the neck of the womb is 
 closed it willbe found necessary to dilate it in order to let the medicine come 
 in contact with the inflamed parts. Dissolve one ounce of sugar of lead or 
 one ounce of sulphate of iron, or three drams -of permanganate of potash, or 
 six ounces of hypo-sulphite of soda, or six drams of sulphate of zinc, or three 
 ounces of powdered alum in a gallon of tepid water. Or, put six drams of 
 carbolic acid and two ounces of glycerine into a gallon of water and use any 
 one of the above solutions freely once a day until the discharge has almost 
 ceased, then it will not be necessary to use the medicine so often. Feed less of 
 vegetables and more grain ; also give mineral tonics such as iron, copper and 
 arsenic. 
 
 ABORTION— CONTAGIOUS ABORTION.— What is understood by 
 abortion is the expulsion of the foetus before it is properly matured and at a 
 time when it will not live outside of its mother. Abortion is perhaps most 
 common in cows; however, it affects mares, sows and ewes. There are two 
 common causes — accidents and contagion. If accidental and the animal cleans 
 properly, bad results do not generally follow. However, if a miscarriage is 
 due to either acute or chronic contagious abortion it should be regarded 
 seriously for it is no easy matter to stamp this disease out of a herd. Cows 
 affected with acute abortion may lose one, two or three calves and later the 
 disease becomes chronic; then the cows may carry their calves nearly to if 
 not to the full time. Cows suffering from chronic abortion do not as a rule 
 yield as much milk as if they were in a healthy condition. Cows affected 
 with accidental abortion usually show some effects of the accident but no well 
 marked symptoms of abortion. But if due to contagion, little red patches can 
 be seen on the lining membrane of the vulva; besides, if the herd bull is 
 affected he usually has some catarrhal discharge. The germs of contagious 
 abortion can be found in the genital organs of the cow and perhaps in the 
 blood. Thev are also found in the stables where the animals are housed. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The genital organs of the cow and bull should be 
 washed out with an antiseptic solution of some kind. Unless these germs are 
 killed, not only in the animal but about the premises, especially the back part 
 of stalls, you may expect future trouble and financial losses. Apply one part 
 of carbolic acid and fifty parts of water, or one part corrosive sublimate to 
 one thousand parts water, or one part chloride of zinc and one thousand 
 parts water, or one part coal-tar disinfectant and thirty or forty parts water. 
 Whichever lotion you use it should be injected or poured through a small 
 
148 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 rubber tube with a funnel at the end and not less than three or four pints 
 should be used at a time. Repeat once a day until the discharge ceases and 
 the lining membrane appears normal. These same lotions will do for stall, 
 floor and external hind parts of the cow. Whitewash is another useful thing 
 to apply to stall and floor. Never forget the importance of separating the 
 sick cow from the rest of the herd as soon as she aborts. Be thorough in the 
 treatment of every cow that calves too soon. Some veterinarians are inclined 
 to believe that the serum treatment, administered with a hypodermic syringe 
 to desti^oy the germs in the mother's blood and system, is the only correct and 
 reliable method of destroying this contagion. However, I must say that it 
 has not given me satisfactory results and a majority of the veterinarians hold 
 the same opinion. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PREVENTION OF ABORTION.— 
 , 1. Salt and Carbolic Acid.— Thoroughly mix % ounce of pure carbolic 
 acid with a quart of salt. This quantity should be divided among four cows 
 twice a month. 
 
 2. Contagious Abortion. — Once a day give each cow 15 drops of car- 
 bolic acid diluted in three pints of water. This may be sprinkled in the feed 
 and should be continued for two months. Also inject into the vagina an 
 ounce of lysol diluted with three quarts of warm water. This should be done 
 once or twice a week for five or six weeks. 
 
 NYMPHOMANIA. — This is an unnatural desire on the part of the cow 
 to have intercourse with a bull, she seemingly being constantly in season. 
 When mated she seldom comes with calf and if she does she usually aborts. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Feeding rich stimulating food tends to make tlie cow 
 worse. If caused by catarrh of the genital tract use cooling astringents, such 
 as are recommended for leucorrhea but if the ovaries are diseased, spay her. 
 Give a teaspoonful of saltpeter, a teaspoonful of fluid extract of belladonna 
 and one-half teaspoonful of camphor at a dose in feed twice a day. 
 
 GARGET— MAMMITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE UDDER.— 
 This is a swelling accompanied bv in inflammation of the udder of mammary 
 gland and resulting in what is ca' garget, or caked bag. This usually occurs 
 near the time of parturition but may appear at any time while the cOw is 
 giving milk. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by anything that will produce an irritation of the 
 bag such as an injury by a bruise, kick, blow, one animal stepping on the 
 udder of another, exposure to cold winds, lying on wet frozen ground, germs 
 entering the udder, and it very often follows the careless use of the milking 
 tube. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Acute mammitis is generally ushered in by shivering 
 which is soon followed by dullness and fever; however, in the milder forms 
 these symptoms may not show but the udder will be found hot, swollen and 
 somewhat tender. The fnilk is sometimes curdled and tinged with blood and 
 unless a recovery takes place pus may form which is either discharged through 
 the teat or opens outwardly. In many cases no suppuration takes place but 
 the bag is inclined to harden and remain enlarged and in bad cases it becomes 
 gangrenous and a portion of the udder sloughs off. One or more quarters 
 may be affected. Some cows appear to be more liable to attacks of mammitis, 
 or garget, than others. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Ascertain as quickly as possible whether it is due to an 
 injury or bacterial infection. If due to cold or exposure keep the \'umal in a 
 
CATTLE^DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 146 
 
 warm comfortable place and bed her well so that she cannot bruise her udder. 
 If she is fleshy and has been over fed, reduce her grain supply. Foment the 
 udder with ^ot water and apply hot camphorated oil or hot raw linseed oil, 
 or hot sweet oil, or hot vaseline twice a day. If her bowels are costive give 
 her epsom salts and ginger If she is feverish give one-half-ounce doses of 
 saltpeter, or give two-ounce doses of hypo-sulphite of soda three times a day. 
 In bad cases keep on hot fomentations almost, constantly until the inflamma- 
 tion subsides. If you use a milking tube boil it in hot water for ten minutes 
 each time before it is used, or dip it into one part carbolic acid and thirty 
 parts water. In treating try to remove the cause. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR GARGET OR CAKED UDDER.— 
 
 1. Carrot Ointment. — Grate some yellow carrot and simmer in lard 
 to make an ointment. First bathe the udder with water as hot as the hand 
 will bear, then dry and rub the ointment in thoroughly. 
 
 2. Camphor and Sweet Oil. — Dissolve one ounce of camphor gum in 
 four ounces of sweet oil and rub well into the udder two or three times a day. 
 
 3. Tallow, Beeswax and Rosin. — Rub the bag with equal parts of mutton 
 tallow, beeswax and rosin which have been melted together. A little currier's 
 oil mixed with this will make it spread better. 
 
 4. Hog's Lard. — Rub the udder well with hog's lard. 
 
 5. Salts and Soap Suds. — Give a dose of epsom salts and rub the bag 
 with hot soap suds. 
 
 6. Poke Root. — Feed one-half to one ounce of poke root and also apply 
 a poke root poultice to the udder. 
 
 7 Salts and Poultices. — Give a pound of epsom salts ahd apply poultices 
 of bran and hops which should be kept hot by pouring on hot water occa- 
 sionally. The cow should be milked a dozen or fifteen times a day. 
 
 8. Iodine. — Once a day give the cow twenty drops of tincture of iodine 
 in the feed. A reliable remedy. 
 BLOODY MILK. — 
 
 CAUSES. — This is usually the result of an injury caused by the cow's 
 Jumping or stepping over fences, over beams in the cow stables, over logs 
 in the woods, one cow's hooking another, a colt's kicking the udder, lying 
 down on hard substances or injuring the udder on the floor of the stall. Or 
 it may be caused by careless milking. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Remove the cause if possible. Bed the cow well, bathe 
 the udder with hot water and dissolve one-quarter pound of sugar of lead in 
 a gallon of cold water and apply to the udder three times a day. Showering 
 the udder with cold water for a few minutes has a tendency to close the open 
 blood vessel. You should use care in milking. Nearly every owner of cows 
 can ascertain the cause of his cow's giving bloody milk and if so he can remedy 
 It by removing the cause. Bunting calves frequently cause their mother's to 
 give bloody milk. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BLOODY MILK.— 
 
 1. Aconite. — Twice a day give twenty or thirty drops of tincture of 
 aconite in dampened feed. You will be surprised at the effectiveness of this 
 rettiedv. 
 
 STRINGY MILK. — Stringy milk is often the result of cows wading into 
 stagnant ponds or rivers and getting the bag covered with filth and drinking 
 this kind of water. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Keep the cattle out of ponds which contain impure 
 
150 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 water and furnish them a good quality of water to drink. Wash their udders 
 clean with soap and water and apply one part peroxide of hydrogen and four 
 parts water. Also inject into the udder the same as directed in the treatment 
 for blue milk. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR STRINGY MILK.— 
 
 1.— Aconite. — Give twenty to thirty drops of tincture of aconite twice a day. 
 
 BLUE MILK. — Milk presents a sky-blue color on account of its contain- 
 ing a great many germs. The germs may enter the milk after it has been 
 milked or the milk may be blue on account of germs that have inhabited 
 either the teat duct or udder. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If you are sure that the germs! are in the udder or teat 
 duct, inject one part lysol or one part carbolic acid in two hundred parts 
 water or, in bad cases, use it twice this strength. In making these applica- 
 tions it is best to use a return flow syringe, or they should be carefully done 
 with a common syringe, but be sure that it is clean. Whenever a fluid of 
 this kind is injected into the udder it should be milked out after remaining 
 in the gland or teat for a few minutes. 
 
 BLOCKED TEATS— STRICTURE OF THE TEATS.— This is a very 
 common ailment in cows and is caused by an injury or an irritant of some kind 
 in the milk passage which partially or completely closes the duct. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In many cases treatment is very unsatisfactory. Apply 
 either iodine ointment or tincture of iodine lightly every day -or two' and if 
 it is caused by a small polypus this can sometimes be removed with a wire 
 loop passed up through the teat opening, cutting oflf the polypus at its base. 
 In many cases I have found it necessary to cut down upon the bunch and re- 
 move it. This operation, however, should be performed when the cow is 
 dry. When the operation has been performed, a probe or milking tube should 
 be put into the teat and a milking tube should be left io until the wound 
 heals or a stricture is likely to take place. I have often operated while the 
 cow was giving milk and met with fairly good success; however, the opera- 
 tion is most satisfactory when the cow is dry. 
 
 PASSING THE MILKING TUBE.— Every dairyman and farmer knows 
 what milking tubes are but the careless use of them produces serious udder 
 troubles by infection for want of cleanliness. After it has been used the in- 
 strument should be cleaned in hot water and always boiled ten minutes before 
 it is used again ; or, it should be dipped into an antiseptic solution of one part 
 carbolic acid and thirty parts water or a strong soda solution made by dis- 
 solving an ounce of baking soda in a pint of water ; or, it should be allowed to 
 remain in the oven for ten minutes before it is used. When passing the tube, 
 turn it and use gentle pressure and you will not injure the teat duct and be 
 sure that your tube is a little longer than the teat. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM THE NAVEL.— This may occur at time of birth 
 or within a day or two afterwards. When the cord is cut too close to the 
 navel and not tied a hemorrhage may take place and in a young animal with 
 but little blood it soon produces great weakness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Whenever any cord is left it is good practice to tie iv 
 with a clean piece of silk, linen or catgut. When there is much swelling a 
 loop of the bowel may be down and if this be the case the bowel should be 
 pressed upward and the cord then tied below the bowel, for if the bowel is 
 tied in with the cord it will produce death. A solution of powdered alum, 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 151 
 
 copperas or lead, made by adding one-fourth of a pound of whichever is used 
 to a gallon of water, should be applied to it twice a day. I might say that 
 the navel of every young animal should be treated twice a day for a few days 
 with an antiseptic such as one part carbolic acid and forty or fifty parts water, 
 or one part coal-tar disinfectant and twenty parts water. Or, you may use 
 any good home healing remedy, for if applied it will often prevent infection. 
 
 SUSPENDED BREATHING IN NEW-BORN CALVES.— When the 
 circulation thrdugh the navel string stops, death soon follows unless breathing 
 is established and it is astonishing how quickly the young calf makes an 
 effort to breathe when the cool air strikes the surface of the body. This seems 
 to produce contraction of the respiratory muscles and diaphragm. Many 
 young calves die from suspended breathing just before or during birth on 
 account of a closing of the navel cord from pressure which stops the circula- 
 tion ; besides, the calf is in such a position that it cannot breathe. It is always 
 unfortunate for the foetal membranes to be pulled away from the womb in 
 the early part of calving. With weak cows that" have trouble calving and also 
 when the membranes are wrapped over the head, the calf sometimes smothers. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Remove the membranes and clear the nose and mouth 
 of mucus as soon as possible. Produce suction through the nostrils, outward ; 
 and sometimes blowing into the nostrils has a good effect. In some cases 
 blowing air into the lungs revives a calf. Gentle artificial breathing by com- 
 pressing the chest helps. Whatever is done should be done promptly but 
 always avoid allowing a young calf to chill. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE NAVEL URINE DUCT.— This is an in- 
 flammation of the urachus, or navel urine duct, and is generally the result of an 
 injury. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is always redness, heat, swelling and pain. This 
 navel enlargement is always hard and extends backward and if the urine is 
 examined it will perhaps contain some pus which shows that pus is being 
 passed through the ordinary channel back into the bladder. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply one part of carbolic acid, one part of sugar of 
 lead, six parts of glycerine and ten parts of water to the navel two or three 
 times a day, commencing soon after birth. By doing so this trouble may be 
 avoided as it is often the result of infection or a dripping of urine. 
 
 URINE DISCHARGED THROUGH THE NAVEL.— Before birth the 
 urine of a foetus passes from the bladder through a special tube called the 
 urachus, through the navel and string into the outer water bag and at birth this 
 should close and the tube be drawn in toward the bladder. Male calves and 
 colts are more likely to drip urine at the navel than females as the urethra of 
 the male is sometimes small and not well developed. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If a portion of the cord remains it should be tied and 
 allowed to dry up or wither away. If the ends are too short, apply the follow- 
 ing lotion or powder. Dissolve one-quarter pound of sugar of lead and two 
 ounces of tannic acid in a gallon of water and apply four times a day; or 
 dust on equal parts of powdered alum and tannic acid; or apply Monsell's 
 solution of iron; or apply a light blister, using cerate of cantharides, which 
 produces swelling and closes the opening. Or, touch the leaking parts with 
 the end of a red hot iron ; this sets up inflammation and swelling which very 
 often closes the opening. When the urethra and urachus are both closed and 
 the urethra cannot be opened the urine may cpllect in the bladder, bringing on 
 
158 ' THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 uremia and death, but generally as soon as the urachus is closed the urine 
 will pass off through the natural channel. 
 
 JOINT-ILL— INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINTS IN CALVES.— 
 This ailment very often affects calves from three to thirty days old and it may 
 affect one or more joints but usually attacks the knee or hock. There is 
 always more or less fever and inflammation in the joints and this is no doubt 
 caused by a sort of infection passing into the body through the navel opening, 
 hence the necessity of treating the navel of every young animal. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Foment the joints with hot water but never apply any 
 strong liniment or blisters. Apply equal parts extract of witch hazel, alcohol, 
 spirits of camphor and water. Or, apply soap liniment or lead lotion and if 
 the colt is in much pain apply one part laudanum and four parts water. 
 
 SPAYING. — This operation consists in removing the ovaries in order that 
 the cow or heifer will not come in heat again or breed. In young hejfers it is 
 best done by making an opening into the flank or flanks in the same location 
 as for rumenotomy. In older animals the operation can be made by cutting 
 through the wall of the vagina. The animal should be fasted for a day or 
 two before the operation or it should "be emptied out by giving a dose of 
 cathartic medicine. Before operating the animal should be placed in stocko. 
 Clip the hair off the flank high up and make an incision through the skin and 
 muscles large enough to admit the hand. Pass the hand in, down and back 
 until you find the womb. Follow it up to the end of the horn and you will 
 find the ovary, which is about the size of a small finger; pass in a long 
 ecraseur, slipping the ovary through the chain loop, and cut it off as is done 
 in castrating colts with the ecraseur. When operating, cleanliness should be 
 observed and antiseptics should be used ; also be careful not to allow the ovary 
 to drop into the abdominal cavity or it may produce death. Both ovaries can 
 be taken through the one opening. However, some operators prefer to 
 operate on both sides. I always operate on but one side and in cows I prefer 
 to operate through the vagina. However, antiseptics and great cleanliness 
 should be used in operating by this method. Inexperienced persons should 
 not operate through the vagina. 
 BARRENNESS IN COWS AND BULLS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — This is very often the result of an acid condition of the genital 
 tract or genital organs, or a diseased condition which is the result of germ 
 infection. A catarrhal condition in either male or female usually produces 
 barrenness. It is true that barrenness may be the result of debility and the 
 want of proper food supply while, on the other hand, it is often the result 
 of a plethoric condition which is the result of over-feeding and no exercise. 
 In the male it is often due to too much service. It is also the result of an 
 abnormal condition of the ovaries in the female or of the testicles in the 
 male. Perhaps it is most often the result of neglect following a miscarriage 
 and improper cleaning of the cow. In the female it is frequently caused by a 
 closing of the neck of the womb. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If it is the result of debility, increase the food supply,; 
 if caused by plethora, reduce her feed. If an acid condition exists, dissolve 
 a tablespoonful of baking soda in three pints or more of tepid water and 
 wash out the vagina daily,, or try the yeast treatment which has been ex- 
 plained in treating barrenness in mares. Before treating a case try to ascer- 
 tain the cause. Use mild astringents, such as alum, sugar of lead, sulphate of 
 zinc, chloride of zinc, carbolic acid, bi-chloride of mercury or any of the 
 
GATTLE-.DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. 153 
 
 coal-tar disinfectants, making the solutions weak. Before concluding that 
 an animal is barren, it should be examined by a competent person who is able 
 to tell why it does not breed. 
 THE GENITAL ORGANS OF THE BULL.-^ 
 
 THE TESTICLES.-T-The testicles of the bull are different in shape from 
 those of the horse and the spermatic oord a»d actery are smaller in the bull 
 than in the horse. 
 
 THE PENIS. — The penis is long and pointed and the sheath extends far- 
 ther forward than in the horse. It is impossible to pass the catheter through 
 the penis of the bull. While it is done fairly easily in the horse the curve 
 in the bull's penis is too crooked to admit of the passage of a catheter. 
 
 CASTRATION OP BULLS AND CALVES.— This consists in remov- 
 ing the testicles. The beet position for castrating a bull is the standing posi- 
 tion but it is most convenient to cast young calves for this can easily be accom- 
 plished by hand. When necessary to throw a bull it can be done by the 
 same melJiods used in castrating hcMrses. If ynu have n© travia or stocks, tie 
 his head short to a post or in a corner, the right ®de against the wall and held 
 there by an assistant ; or, place a strap cur surcingle around the body and tie 
 him tb the wall ; tiaen wash the testicle with carbelic loti©n, one part car- 
 bolic acid to thirty parts of clean watw^ dip the hands and knife in this same 
 lotion ; take hold el the scrotum firmly, crowding both Isoaticles low down ; 
 make a bold incision on hade part of scarotMm to it® vary bottom, allowing 
 testicle to escape ; take hold of one and draw it down, caitting loose the thin 
 attachment on the fore part of the testicle; tiien cat off the cord well up, 
 using an emasculator or ecr'aseur, or tie fte o®rd wilii catgut or silk to pre- 
 vent bleeding and let the ends of the storing hang down out of tlie wound to 
 be pulled off later. In young calves the cord can be cut off with scissors or 
 a knife and they will not bleed enough to do any harm. The wounds should 
 be treated once a day, using the carbolic lc4aon, peroxide of hydrogen, coal- 
 tar disinfectants or any other good home healing remedy. Never forget 
 the importance of saturating the string ©f catgut or silk you use in tying 
 the cord in carbolized oil or carbolic lotion, also use the same for instruments 
 and wound. Keep the animal in a clean stable or turn him into a pasture. 
 
 RIDGLING BULLS OR " RIGS."— These are animals where either one 
 or both testicles have not come down into the scrotum. 
 
 TREATMENT.— A surgical operation such as is easily performed on 
 stallions cannot be successfully performed on bulls, therefore they should be 
 fatted before they become a nuisance and perhaps dangerous. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLES— ORCHITIS.— This is usu- 
 ally the result of an injury of some kind or a diseased condition of the parts 
 or the result of excessive service. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— Walking with a straddling gait, heat and tenderness of 
 the gland and more or less swelling are the symptoms. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Give not less than one pound or one and one-half 
 pounds of epsom salts with a tablespoonful of ginger added. Dissolve in two 
 or three pints of water and give as a drench. Foment the testicles and 
 scrotum with hot water and apply one part fluid extract of belladonna and 
 six parts water. When it is not convenient to foment, apply a poultice of 
 either linseed meal or antiphlogistine. Give the animal plenty of salt and 
 a tablespoonful of saltpeter at a dose in feed twice a day. In some cases, 
 
154 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 where the injury has been great, an abscess may form. If this be the case, 
 ©pen it and treat as recommended for abscess. 
 
 GONORRHEA— INFLAMMATION OF THE URETHRA.— This is 
 
 an inflammation of the urethra, which conveys the urine from the bladder, 
 and it is generally the result of infection from serving cows affected with 
 leucorrhea, or of too frequent service ; or, it may come from an acid, catarrhal 
 condition of the mucous membrane of the urethra. Give epsom salts to open 
 the bowels, bathe the sheath with hot water three times a day and dissolve 
 one dram of permanganate of potash in half a gallon of water or dissolve 
 one ounce of lysol in a gallon of water, and inject into the urethra once or twice 
 a day. These applications are most conveniently made through a small 
 rubber tube with a funnel attachment. Give one-half ounce of citrate of potash 
 at a dose in feed three times a day or one ounce of lithia three times a day, 
 or it will do no harm to give them both. 
 
 INJURIES TO THE SHEATH AND PENIS.— From animals being 
 placed in slings or work oxen being placed in stocks to be shod or from cattle 
 jumping fences the sheath and penis may be injured. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is swelling and pain, causing some' fever, and there 
 is dryness of the muzzle. There is also straddling with loss of appetite and 
 in the latter stages there may be some suppuration. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply hot packs or hot poultices of linseed meal or 
 antiphlogistine and keep up these applications constantly, for prompt, ener- 
 getic treatment saves the life of many a good bull or steer. Three or four 
 times a day apply a lotion made by dissolving one-quarter pound of sugar 
 of lead in a gallon of water and adding one pint of fluid extract of opium 
 and one quart of witch hazel. If occurring in the summer season cold ap- 
 plications have a good effect. If suppuration takes place, open and treat 
 with antiseptics. 
 
DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 
 
 (Including Mange or Scab, Eczema, Ringworm, Erysipelas, Frostbites, 
 Tumors, Abscesses, Warts, Sore and Chapped Teats, Grubs, Lice, Etc.) 
 
 MANGE, SCAB OR ITCH.— This ailment is caused by a mite very much 
 like the parasite that causes sheep scab. Cattle itch, as it is called, is most 
 prevalent throughout the West and Southwest during the winter season and 
 is mostly confined to young cattle. Besides, it usually affects those that ar^ 
 in an unthrifty condition. 
 
 SYMPTC3MS.^ — It produces itching about the* neck and shoulders and 
 the root of the tail and if not remedied extends over the rest of the body. The 
 skin always becomes scurfy and the discharge hardens on the body. The 
 hair sloughs out and the skin becomes wrinkled and thickened. This dis- 
 ease spreads rapidly in herds when the stock is unthrifty. Never confound 
 this disease with eczema. Try to find the parasites; you will usually find 
 them on the hair or scales. 
 
 TREATMENT. — As soon as the disease affects your animals, remove 
 the sick to a cleati, uninfected place and thoroughly disinfect it as well as 
 the premises from which the affected ones were brought. Spray one part 
 of carbolic acid and twenty or twenty-five parts of water on the stalls and 
 on the ground or floors where the cattle have been standing and be very 
 thorough in these applications. The department of agriculture recommends 
 dissolving twenty-one pounds of flowers of sulphur and sixteen and three- 
 quarter pounds of unslacked lime in one hundred gallons of water. The lime 
 should be slacked with water enough to form a thick paste, sifting in the 
 sulphur slowly but stirring the mixture well. Boil the 'mixture of sulphur 
 and lime in twenty or thirty gallons of water for two hours until the sulphur 
 disappears. Let it stand, draw off the clear liquid and add water to make 
 one hundred gallons. Use this solution at blood heat and dip the cattle once 
 every ten days or two weeks. Two or three applications is all that is nec- 
 essary. The grooming tools should also be dipped. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR MANGE, SCAB OR ITCH.— 
 
 1. Aloes, Turpentine, Sulphur and Lard. — With four ounces of lard mix 
 three ounces of flower of sulphur, one ounce of spirits of turpentine and one 
 dram of finely powdered aloes. Apply this ointment to the parts affected 
 with mange, scab or itch. 
 
 ECZEMA— ACUTE AND CHRONIC— Eczema is an inflammation of 
 the skin which at first is acute and if not relieved becomes chronic. 
 
 CAUSES. — Poor grooming, allowing the animal to become filthy or 
 lousy, over-feeding, keeping the animal in a stable which is too warm and 
 damp, also feeding distillery slop or garbage may cause eczema. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.^There is al-ways more or less! heat and swelling of the 
 skin ; besides, there are very often little water blisters which generally break, 
 discharge and soon heal, but others are appearing on different parts of the 
 body. The animal has intense itching of the skia, especially tfee parts that 
 are sore. In some cases large sores appear, diseiiarg^ and remain rav; iot 
 some time. 
 
 16S 
 
156 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Give a full dose of epsom salts. From one to two 
 pounds is usually required to get up a brisk action of the bowels. Also give 
 four tablespoonfuls of baking soda or a dessert spoonful of powdered salt- 
 peter at a dose in feed two or three times a day and give two tablespoonfuls 
 of Glauber's salts in feed twice a day. Dissolve one-quarter pound of sugar 
 of lead in one gallon of water and apply to sore parts three times a day, or 
 dissolve six ounces of boric acid in a gallon of water and apply in the same 
 way. Or, apply one part coal-tar disinfectant and thirty parts water or one 
 part coal-tar disinfectant and fifteen parts sweet oil or apply zinc ointment. 
 Feed well salted bran mashes, vegetables or grass. 
 
 ERYSIPELAS. — This is an inflammation of the skin that often extends 
 into the deeper tissues, producing considerable pain and fever. It may be 
 called an infectious ailment for one animal can take it from another by direct 
 inoculation through a wound. 
 
 CAUSES.^-It is due to a germ that makes its way into the body throiigh 
 a wound or skin abrasion which is possible by the animal's coming in con- 
 tact with a sick animal or where it has been. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.^The skin is swollen and always hot and tender; the 
 swelling usually pits on pressure and in severe cases it has a tendency toward 
 the formation of pus. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give from one to two pounds of epsom salts, one dose 
 only; also give ten drops of fluid extract of aconite, twenty-five drops of 
 fluid extract of belladonna and one-half ounce of powdered saltpeter at a 
 dose in feed or water two or three times a day. If the animal is thin give 
 tonics such as iron, quinine, quassia, etc. When pus forms the abscess should 
 be opened and injected with one part corrosive sublimate and one thousand 
 parts water or one part carbolic acid and thirty parts water. I have given 
 the serum treatment with fairly good results, but it is too expensive to use 
 in all cases. 
 
 SURFEIT— NETTLE-RASH— URTICARIA.— (See " Horse Depart- 
 ment.") 
 
 RINGWORM. — This is an aflfection of the skin very common in cattle, 
 and is due to a vegetable parasite. 
 
 SY^IPTOMS. — ^The disease afifects the skin of cattle in patches, the 
 parasites grouping themselves in fields of two or three inches in diameter. 
 Their favorite location is about the head and neck. The skin usually thickens 
 and becomes scaly and crust-like. Ringworm parasites always cause itching. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Wash the crust off with soap suds and apply tincture 
 of iodine or one part carbolic acid and fifteen parts sweet oil, or turpentine 
 or kerosene. Be sure to disinfect or whitewash the stable. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR RINGWORM.— 
 
 1. Iodine. — Scrape off the crusts and apply tincture of iodine and repeat 
 in a week. 
 
 HIDE-BOUND.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 BURNS AND SCALDS.— For burns apply equal parts of linseed oil and 
 lime water. The lime water is made by dissolving lime in water. The first 
 water is somewhat bitter and should be poured oflF and the vessel refilled. 
 Water absorbs only so much lime and no more. If you will cover the burn 
 with baking soda or flour, then cover that with cotton or oaktim it will exclude 
 the air. Or, apply lead lotion which is made by dissolving two tablespoollftlls 
 
CATTtE— DISEASES OF SKIN. 157 
 
 of sugar of lead in a gallon of water. When blisters are opened the air should 
 not be admitted nor the skin removed. 
 
 FROSTBITES. — In cold countries cattle very often suffer from frozen 
 ears and this generally happens with those that are poorly fed and improperly 
 stabled. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — After freezing occurs the parts soon become swollen 
 and painful; the frozen parts, however, soon again become cold and begin 
 to shrivel and later on they drop off, leaving a raw sore. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply some good home liniment such as is made by 
 mixing one part turpentine, one part aqua ammonia and eight parts sweet 
 oil and if the frozen parts slough off apply equal parts of powdered alum, 
 oxide of zinc and iodoform to the sore twice a day. 
 
 TUMORS. — Tumors are abnormal . growths which very often follow an 
 injury which sets up an inflammation inducing a growth of tissue. There are 
 many different kinds of tumors and those that do not yield to treatment are 
 usually of a malignant character. 
 
 TjREATMENT. — The removal of tumors is the only satisfactory way to 
 treat them and there are many different methods, but cutting them out is 
 the best ; however, care must be taken to prevent hemorrhage. Another method 
 is to place an elastic band around the neck of the tumor or a thread or string 
 can be used. This chokes the circulation and the bunch sloughs off. Another 
 method is to burn them off with caustic or with a red hot iron. When a 
 tumor is cut out with a knife the wound usually heals more quickly than from 
 any other method. After the operation use any good home healing remedy. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FLESHY TUMORS.— 
 
 1. Bin-iodide of Mercury. — Make an ointment by thoroughly mixing 
 one dram of bin-iodide of mercury with two ounces of vaseline and rub 
 well into the tumor. Repeat in two weeks. 
 
 ABSCESS.— An abscess is a collection of pus or purulent matter, 
 the result of a morbid process. 
 
 CAUSES. — The cause is many times hard to trace ; however, it often fol- 
 lows a bruise, strangles in horses, or some sort of infection resulting in the 
 formation of pus in some part of the body. The most serious kind of ab- 
 scesses are located in the abdominal cavity and in the brain. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Hot fomentations of water; or, bran, linseed oil or 
 bread and milk poultices hasten the formation of pus. When the hair pulls 
 out easily and the bunch fluctuates on pressure it should be opened and washed 
 out with one part of peroxide of hydrogen and two or three parts of water, 
 applied very slowly; ten minutes later use coal-tar disinfectant, carbolic acid, 
 permanganate of potash, sulphate of zinc or sugar of lead. Of course any 
 of these drugs should be diluted with water before it is applied. Any one of 
 them will give you good results for I have tested their merits hundreds 
 of times in the treatment of abscesses. Before pus forms paint the parts 
 with tincture of iodine and it will often absorb the effusion and scatter or re- 
 duce the swelling. 
 
 WARTS. — ^These are usually the result of an injury to the skin and the 
 most satisfactory ^vay to get rid of them is to cut them off. Those that are 
 flat can be taken off by applying acetic acid, nitrate of silver, salicylic acid 
 or chromic acid every day or two. Sometimes cdstor oil will reduce them 
 and I know veterinarians who believe that giving small doses of sulphur 
 m the feed daily will remove warts, but I have my doubts as to thia In some 
 
158 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 cases I use the red hot iron in preference to drugs. This is, of course, quickei 
 than caustics and more likely to stop bleeding. As they are confined to the 
 skin, cutting them out is the most satisfactory way to treat warts. 
 
 SORE TEATS— CRACKS AND SMALL WARTS.— The teats, during 
 cold weather, are very often made sore by the Saliva from calves' mouths 
 which causes them to chap and crack open and when once sore they are 
 not easily healed while the calf is allowed to suck. From the injury to the 
 skin warty growths very often appear on the teats. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Clip the warty growths oflf with a pair of scissors 
 or a sharp knife, or burn with lunar caustic. Apply any good home heal- 
 ing ointment such as is made by adding one part of boric acid to five parts 
 of vaseline, or one part coal-tar disinfectant to six parts vaseline, or one 
 part sub-nitrate of bismuth to five parts vaseline. There are many healing 
 remedies that should not be applied to sore teats if the calf is allowed to suck 
 the cow for fear that the medicine will act as a poison. 
 CHAPPED TEATS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Cows that are sucked by calves outdoors during cold weather 
 are very likely to have chapped teats on account of the teats remaining wet. 
 Other causes are: laying on wet frozen ground or in snow, walking through 
 wet grass, or allowing the bag to remain wet after milking; also, during the 
 fly season flies are often numerous, biting and irritating the teats and udders 
 of cows. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply any good home healing lotion or ointment that 
 is not giving off an offensive odor which is likely to be absorbed by the 
 milk at the time of milking. Apply oxide of zinc ointment or one part carbolic 
 acid and fifteen parts vaseline; or, apply one part lemon juice and five parts 
 glycerine. Or, dissolve one-quarter pound of sugar of lead in a gallon of 
 water and apply twice a day. 
 
 WARBLES— GRUBS IN THE BACK.— These are little round lumps 
 that appear on the backs of cattle during the winter and spring. They de- 
 velop from the egg of the ox gad-fly. The eggs are deposited on the legs, 
 licked off and remain in the mouth for a time, then make their way into 
 the cellular tissue beneath the skin of the back and remain there until spring. 
 These grubs annoy cattle and they damage the hide by boring holes in it. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Every warble should be treated in the early part of 
 the winter by applying tincture of iodine, turpentine, coal-tar disinfectant 
 or iodine ointment to the bunch. Or, apply one part turpentine and three 
 parts lard twice a week. This will kill most of the grubs and the others may 
 be liberated by making the opening larger with a sharp pen-knife ahd squ.eez- 
 ing them out. Also apply some home healing remedy to the sores once a day. 
 When squeezed out the grubs should be killed. 
 
 LICE. — There are two kinds of lice that infest cattle — the blood-sucking 
 lice and the biting lice. There are two varieties of blood suckers, one kind 
 with long noses and the other with short noses. These latter are the regular 
 ox lice and are usually found on the neck and shoulders. The biting or 
 bird louse is of a reddish color and is most commonly found on cattle. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Cattle become lousy during the winter and spring, per- 
 haps on account of a run-down condition. A close examination should be 
 made of all cattle, especially the thin ones during the winter months. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply equal parts of kerosene and soap suds, or one 
 part coal-tar disinfectant and thirty parts water, or one part carbolic acid 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF SKIN. 159 
 
 and fifty parts water ; or, boil one-quarter pound stavesacre seeds in a gallon 
 of water for one hour and make up the quantity to one gallon before it is 
 applied. These applications should be made daily for two or three days, 
 then once every week until the lice and nits are destroyed. It is needless 
 to say that lice generally attack thin, unthrifty cattle; therefore, it is neces- 
 sary to feed them well and give them tonics, such as are recommended for 
 chronic indigestion, etc. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LICE.— 
 
 1. Sulphur and Lard. — Apply sulphur ointment made by mixing an 
 ounce of sulphur with four ounces of lard. 
 
 2. Linseed Oil and Kerosene. — Mix an ounce of kerosene with four 
 ounces of raw linseed oil and apply to the infested parts. 
 
 3. Sulphur and Linseed Oil. — Apply a mixture of one part sulphur and 
 four parts lard. 
 
 4. Lard and Insect Powder. — Mix an ounce of Persian insect powder 
 with four ounces of fresh lard and use as an application for lice. 
 
 5. Tobacco Tea. — Pour a quart of boiling water over four ounces of to- 
 bacco leaves, let stand fifteen or twenty minutes, then strain and apply with 
 a cloth or sponge. i 
 
 6. Onions. — Give lousy cattle a few slices of onions in the feed and it is 
 claimed it will rid them of lice. 
 
 7. Wood Ashes. — Sprinkle some fine wood ashes upon the parts infested 
 with lice. 
 
 8. Salt,Sulphur and Saltpeter. — With ten ounces of salt mix two ounces 
 of sulphur and one-half ounce of saltpeter. Keep this mixture before the cows 
 constantly and they will not be bothered with lice. 
 
 BUFFALO GNAT.— This is a small, dark-colored fly with short silk- 
 like hairs covering its body. In certain localities these flies appear every year 
 as soon as warm weather comes and remain from one to six weeks. They 
 seem to trouble cattle mostly in the morning and when numerous do great 
 harm by sucking blood from the animal, causing weakness, shock, and many 
 times death. If animals are unable to brush them oS or drown them by 
 wading into water they are sure to do harm. Mules suffer even more than 
 cattle from the Buffalo Gnat. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Whenever the Buffalo Gnat appears build fires that 
 will produce plenty of smoke, adding damp wood, some sulphur, rags, old 
 pieces of leather and rubbish. If the animal shows weakness give plenty 
 of whiskey in cold water, adding perhaps one dram of carbonate of ammonia 
 or one dram of fluid extract of nux vomica. Apply fish oil, whale oil^ or 
 cotton seed oil with oil of tar, carbolic acid or kerosene added, and keep the 
 animal in a dark, cool place. 
 
 HORN FLY. — This is a small insect about one-half the size of a house 
 fly which it somewhat resembles. Horn flies swarm around the head where 
 they bite and cause the animal great annoyance. They also stick to the back 
 and sides. Apply equal parts fish oil, coal oil and pine tar. By placing some 
 of this mixture around the horns and ears the animal will suffer less. Nearly 
 all the fly killers on the market keep them off; besides, there are many home 
 remedies that work well, such as equal parts pine tar, fish oil, cotton seed oil 
 and kerosene. Or, apply one part coal-tar disinfectant and thirty parts water 
 twice daily. I have used crude oil and thought it worked fairly well. These 
 flies seem to appear with the first warm weather and leave when frost comes. 
 
160 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR KEEPING FLIES OFF OF 
 STOCK.— 
 
 1. Economical Treatment.-^-Into an ordinary oil barrel put two and one- 
 half gallons of zenoleum or coal-tar disinfectant and five gallons of cotton 
 seed oil and fill the barrel with water. As occasion demands this may be used 
 as a spray or applied with a cloth or sponge. It is not sticky, leaves the 
 animal's coat in good condition, and is not expensive. 
 
DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES— OPHTHALMIA.— rSee "Horse 
 Department.") 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SORE EYES.— 
 
 1. Salts and Atropia.— Give a pound of epsom salts and keep the 
 bowels open with laxative feed. Bathe the eyes three or four times a day 
 with warm water and after each bathing drop a few drops of the following 
 solution into the eyes. Use two grains of sulphate of atropia to an ounce of 
 water. V 
 
 PERIODIC OPHTHALMIA— MOON BLINDNESS.— (See "Horse 
 Department.") 
 
 INFLAMED EYES— CONTAGIOUS OPHTHALMIA,— This is a ca- 
 tarrhal condition and it may be the result of local causes or it may assume an 
 epidemic form and affect a great many of the herd as the result of some irritant 
 or germ carried in the air or coming from the soil. It is no doubt due to some 
 sort of bacterial infection when it assumes an epidemic form. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Place the animal in a clean, dark, cool stable; give 
 laxative food and fresh water to drink and al^ give epsom salts to open the 
 bowels and one-half-ounce doses of saltpeter to reduce the fever and start the 
 kidneys. Foment the eyes with cold water and blow boric acid into the 
 eyes once a day. 
 
 IRITIS— RETINITIS.— (See "Horse Department.") 
 
 CONJUNCTIVITIS— CATARRH OF THE EYES.— This is an inflam- 
 mation of the mucous membrane of the eye and it is best, treated by apply- 
 ing either hot or cold applications, keeping the animal in a clean, well ven- 
 tilated, dark stable and out of bright sunlight. If the bowels are costive 
 give epsom salts, if the cow is feverish, give saltpeter or tincture of aconite. 
 Feed a cooling, laxative diet. Dissolve boric acid in water and apply to the 
 eyes three times a day. If the eyes continue to discharge mucus, blow a 
 little calomel into them once a day. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE HAW (MEMBRANA NICTITANS).— 
 The haw often becomes inflamed and enlarged because of an injury by some 
 foreign substance or because of a catarrhal inflammation of the eye. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Apply cold water freely. Also apply weak lead lotions 
 with a little opium added and if the swelling does not recede and the muscle 
 go back into place, run a thread through it, pull it out and clip it off with 
 a pair of sharp scissors or a knife; then apply boric acid or any home eye 
 wash two or three times a day. 
 
 WORM IN THE EYE.— fSee "Horse Department.") 
 
 CANCER IN THE EYE— FUNGUS H^MATODES.— Sometimes 
 these cancerous growths appear in the eye and their cause is unknown. 
 When there is cancer in the eye the ball usually bursts and a fungus growth 
 soon appears. ' 
 
 TREATMENT. — The sooner the eyeball is removed, the quicker the 
 animal will recover ; this can be done painlessly by the use of an anaesthetic 
 or cocaine ; then apply any good home healing remedy. 
 
 161 
 
153 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK, 
 
 AMAUROSIS— GLASS EYE— GUTTA SERENA.— This condition of 
 the eye is due to paralysis of the optic nerve and its terminal expansion, the 
 retina, without much change in the appearance of the eye itself. It may co- 
 exist with periodic ophthalmia and cataract but not very often. It sometimes 
 appears as a symptom of milk fever and in the last stages of other diseases. 
 Injuries to the optic nerve, or standing for a long time in a dark stable brings 
 it on. Mules in coal mines are often sufferers from this ailment. Amaur- 
 osis sometimes occurs in pregnant cows and mares and leaves a few days 
 before calving or foaling. It also sometimes follows hemorrhage. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The pupillary opening seems to lose its elliptical form 
 and become round and the eyeball enlarges and has a glassy appearance. 
 Both eyes are generally affected unless it is the result of an injury, then one 
 eye only may be affected. The sight is usually impaired and very often lost. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give one-ounce doses of bromide of potash four times 
 daily; or give one dram of ground nux vomica in the feed three times a day. 
 Keep the animal in a stable with dim light and the bowels should be kept 
 open. 
 
 CATARACT.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE.— Quite often chaff, barley-beards, 
 little pieces of wood, old leaves, pieces of fodder or weeds break off and re- 
 main in the eye, causing inflammation, blindness and sometimes an abscess. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Secure the animal and remove the object as carefully 
 as possible without injuring the eyeball. If the eyeball is punctured there 
 is generally loss of vision, but small punctured wounds may heal. Blow in 
 some boric acid twice a day or apply one part extract of witch ha^el and 
 two parts water. 
 
 DISLOCATION OF THE EYEBALL.— It is not unusual for one ani- 
 mal to hook the eyeball out of another, or the eye is sometimes crowded 
 out with the end of a walking cane or a punching stick. ' 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the optic nerve is not lacerated and the muscles too 
 badly torn it is advisable to replace the eyeball and stitch the lids together 
 or use a compress to hold the eye in place; however, if the attempt to re- 
 place it is unsuccessful cocaine should be used and the eyeball taken out. 
 
 INJURIES TO THE EYELIDS.— Cattle frequently meet with accidents 
 by coming in contact with barbed wire or being hooked by other cattle. A 
 splinter of wood may injure the eyelid or it may be injured by a nail. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the wound is lacerated, trim off the edges and stitch 
 with silk or linen thread and keep the parts dressed with boric acid or any 
 good home healing remedy that will not .injure the eye. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE INTERNAL EAR— OTITIS.— This con- 
 sists in an inflammation of the inner ear and sometimes the bone becomes 
 diseased, especially if it is broilght on by an injury; or, the ear may become 
 sore from lump jaw or tubercular affections. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— If but one ear is affected the head is held to one side. 
 The animal may not eat well and in some cases pus is discharged, giving off 
 an offensive odor. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply hot fomentations and pour into the ear very 
 slowly one part peroxide of hydrogen and five parts water, then dust in some 
 boric acid powder; or, if the animal appears to be in pain, pour in a small 
 quantity of laudanum and sweet oil, one part of laudanum to ten or twelve 
 parts of oil. Where a cooling astringent is required dissolve one ounce of 
 
CATTLE— DISEASES OF EYE AND EAR. 163 
 
 sugar of lead in two quarts of water and use some of this solution once or 
 twice a day. 
 
 DISEASE OF THE CARTILAGE OF THE EAR.— When the ear be- 
 comes badly bruised the cartilage may become diseased and when it does the 
 discharge is quite offensive. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If a pipe or sinus forms cut it out or rip it open and 
 also cut away the diseased portion of the cartilage; then apply equal parts 
 of boric acid and powdered alum twice a^day or use any good home healing 
 remedy. 
 
 ABSCESS OF THE EAR.— It is not unusual for cattle to have abscesses 
 of the ear for they are the result of either filth or injury. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Open the abscess freely, washing it out with one part 
 peroxide of hydrogen and two parts water, then apply one part carbolic acid 
 and fifty parts water; or, the inside of the abscess may be painted with 
 tincture of iodine or injected with one part powdered sulphate of copper 
 and one hundred parts water. Only two or three applications will be 
 required. 
 
 FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EAR.— Whenever a foreign body lodges 
 in the ear the animal shakes the head or rubs the head and ear against fences, 
 trees, posts, etc. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Tie the animal short, examine the ear closely where 
 there is good light and if a foreign body is found remove it with a pair of 
 forceps. If the ear is much inflamed foment with hot water and apply boric 
 acid or a weak lead lotion which is made by dissolving two ounces of sugar 
 of lead in a gallon of water. 
 
 LACERATED EARS. — It is not unusual for the ears of cattle to be 
 torn and lacerated by dogs. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If the wound is large and the ear torn much, cut off 
 the ragged edges and stitch the wound with catgut or silk. You will find 
 it difficult to get a proper union of the ear as the cartilage is of low vitality 
 and consequently it is slow to unite. Apply any good home healing remedy, 
 but don't take out the stitches too soon» 
 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 (Including Tuberculosis and the Tuberculin Test, Foot and Mouth Disease, 
 Black-Leg, Cow-Pox, Anthrax, Contagious Pleura-Pneumonia, Texas 
 or Southern Fever, Etc.) 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS. — Tuberculosis is a contagious disease attacking many 
 animals but perhaps is most common in cattle. It is caused by germs or 
 bacteria that are always present in an animal suffering with this disease. 
 
 CAUSES. — This disease is not nearly so hereditary as many believe 
 for I have known many cows to be consumptive that gave birth to perfectly 
 sound calves which showed no reaction whatever from the tuberculin test. 
 The milk from diseased cows will infect not only domestic animals but man. 
 especially children under eight years of age. The germs are passed out 
 of the body with the excrement and are also sometimes discharged with 
 the mucus from the nose. There is a great difference of opinion existing 
 among bacteriologists, physicians and veterinarians as to whether consump- 
 tion in man and tuberculosis in cattle are not about the same disease; any- 
 how, the germs that cause consumption in man and tuberculosis in cattle are 
 very much alike. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — As this disease may attack almost any part of the body, 
 in either mild or severe form, it is difficult to state what the symptoms are. 
 The. lungs seem to be attacked most frequently ; however, the Hver, spleen, 
 lymphatic glands, bones or joints may he the seat of this disease. When 
 the lungs are affected and become badly diseased the animal falls away in 
 flesh although eating plenty of food ; the coat is rough ; the eyes are somewhat 
 sunken and the animal usually has a cough; but, strange to say, an animal 
 may be badly affected and appear quite healthy; therefore, the only means 
 of making a correct diagnosis is to test with tuberculin. The disease is con- 
 tracted, no doubt, through wounds, by eating food or drinking water or 
 by being inhaled; also, sucking calves may get the disease from drinking 
 milk. The discharges from the nose may dry and blow some distance in the 
 form of dust and be picked up by other cattle and produce tuberculosis. 
 Every suspicious case should be examined after death on the farm or at the 
 slaughter house to ascertain if any of the vital organs contain nodules or 
 lumps which, if cut open, show a yellow substance which seems to be gritty, 
 or if the nodule contains pus of a cheesy nature, or if the bunch be sort 
 of fibrous. Very often the disease appears outside of the vital organs, show- 
 ing tumor-like growths or bunches which, when cut into, appear as above 
 described. These tubercles are sometimes exceedingly small and in other 
 cases they are very large. The disease may be confined to one small tubercle 
 or many of them may be scattered throughout the body. The tubercular 
 bunch or deposit is quite often found in one or more of the lymphatic glands, 
 in the throat, between the lungs, in the udder or along the border of the 
 bowels. These glands when healthy vary in size from a small bean to a 
 large marble and when cut open are found to be solid but when diseased 
 they are always enlarged, showing a yellow material when cut open. It 
 
 164 
 
CATTLE— CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 165 
 
 is not unusual to find tubercles attached to the pleura liniilg the ribs, in the 
 liver, spleen, lungs, womb or other organs of the body. 
 
 TREATMENT. — There is no known remedy ; however, when feeding 
 plenty of rich, easily-digested food and allowing the animal to breathe pure 
 dry air it is astonishing how much nature will do to remedy this ailment. 
 The best method of preventing the disease if it is not already in your herd 
 is to allow no animal to come on your premises that has not been tested with 
 tuberculin in the hands of a competent person, for I fully believe that no 
 farmer or dairyman or stock raiser can afford to have tubercular cattle as- 
 sociating with healthy stock. They should be segregated and kept by them- 
 selves. If in emaciated condition it will not pay to keep them but if appar- 
 ently healthy and vigorous they should be fatted and sold to a butcher where 
 their carcasses can be examined by either local government meat inspectors 
 or by a competent veterinarian or person who can determine whether the 
 animal is fit for food ot not. 
 
 THE TUBERCULIN TEST.— The only accurate means of detecting 
 tuberculosis in cattle is by testing them with tuberculin. The temperature 
 of the animals to be tested should be taken every two hours during the day 
 to determine their normal temperature which should be about lOli/^ de- 
 grees ; of course, it may vary slightly but a majority of cattle have this tem- 
 perature. The tuberculin should be injected under' the skin in the region of 
 the neck or back of the shoulder, late in the evening. Eight hours after 
 the injection is made commence again taking the temperature and take it 
 every hour or two during the following day. If the animal has the disease, 
 some time between eight and twenty hours after the injection of tuberculin 
 has been made, the temperature will show a rise of from two to six degrees 
 above normal and then gradually recede towards evening. If the tempera- 
 ture rises only a degree it is not enough but if a degree and a half it should 
 be regarded as suspicious. If the temperature does not rise higher than the 
 highest point before injecting you can safely believe your animal free from 
 tuberculosis. ' The test should never be made when a cow is in heat or suf- 
 fering from any febrile ailment; she should not be given large quantities 
 of cold water at a time on the days you are testing and if a reaction takes 
 place you should be certain that nothing else contributed to cause it other 
 than tuberculosis. Cows should hot be tested closer than three or four weeks 
 before calving or the same number of weeks after calving ; also keep in 
 mind that those that suffer the least from tuberculosis very often react most, 
 while advanced and -generalized cases may show little or no reaction from 
 the test; howevei", a physical examination made by an expert may be suf- 
 ficient to condemn the animal. When tuberculosis has once gained a foot- 
 hold in a herd you will find it quite difficult to disinfect and fumigate the 
 stables and premises thorough enough to prevent the cattle contracting 
 the disease. Fumigate with formaldehyde or sulphur or use live steam ; also 
 sprajr with a three per cent, solution of carbolic acid, or one part corrosive 
 sublimate and one thousand parts water or one part coal-tar disinfectant 
 and fifty parts water. But even if you destroy the infection in the stable 
 there are many other places about the premises that may perhaps escape the 
 disinfectants. 
 
 FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE— CONTAGIOUS ECZEMA.— This is 
 a highly contagious fever of a specific nature marked by blisters in the 
 mouth and also around the coronet of the foot and between the toes. It is 
 
166 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 more common in cattle than in other domestic animals ; however, sheep, goats 
 and pigs may also suffer with it. This is a disease that is not well 
 understood but is doubtless of the germ variety, due to a specific organism. 
 Fortunately, it is not prevalent in this country; however, it did exist in the 
 New England States during 1903, but was stamped out. Another outbreak 
 occurred in Michigan during the latter part of 1908 and early part of 1909, 
 which, by strict quarantine regulations enforced by the Bureau of Animal 
 Industry, was also stamped out. As a rule the disease is not by any means 
 fatal, but great loss is sustained by stock falling off in flesh and milk besides 
 , losses from restrictions of the live stock trade. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is doubtless due to a specific germ transmitted by direct 
 contact, by eating infected food, drinking infected water or being housed in 
 infected stables, cars or pens; or, it may be taken from the attendant. Per- 
 haps the contagion may be carried in the air and also the milk of infected 
 animals is contagious. The disease usually develops in two or three days, 
 but may not develop before eighteen or twenty. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It usually sets in with a chill that is of short duration. 
 There is an arched back, staring coat and a gaunt appearance with some 
 shivering or slight twitching of the muscles. The animal usually shows 
 some lameness, some discharge from eye and nostril and usually shows a 
 quick pulse and elevated temperature. Blisters show in the mouth, on the 
 udder and about the feet. These are filled with a watery sort of fluid but 
 soon burst, leaving a raw surface. These blisters cause a discharge from 
 the mouth which is thick and ropy. The animal soon finds it difficult to eat 
 solid food, the feet frequently become very sore and the lungs may become 
 affected. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The majority of cases recover without treatment; 
 however, it is well to assist nature by applying to the sore mouth, udder 
 and feet a lotion made from astringents or antiseptics. Dissolve one-quarter 
 pound of alum or boric acid in a gallon of water and wash the sores twice 
 a day; or, wash the mouth out with one part carbolic acid and two hundred 
 parts water and apply one part carbolic acid and thirty parts water to the 
 sores on the feet and udder twice a day. Or, dissolve one-quarter pound of 
 sugar of lead and one ounce of carbolic acid in a gallon of water and apply 
 twice a day. If the bowels are costive, give epsom salts and if the kidneys 
 do not act freely, give saltpeter or citrate of potash and remember it is 
 important to report cases of this kind to the proper authorities for their in- 
 vestigation. Your State Veterinarian, your County or City Board of Health 
 or the Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D. C. are the proper parties 
 to be notified. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE.— 
 1. General Treatment. — Give plenty of good cold water and feed bran 
 mashes. If there is much fever dissolve an ounce of nitrate of potash in 
 each bucket of water and give thirty drops of aconite every four hours. 
 Coal-tar disinfectants should be applied to the feet twice a day. 
 BLACK-LEG— BLACK QUARTER- 
 CAUSES. — This is an infectious disease produced by a bacillus which 
 lives in the soil of certain districts; besides, it also inhabits the bodies of 
 diseased animals. Certain kinds of soil appear to suit this parasite and when 
 once infected it usually remains so. Black-leg at one time was supposed to 
 be anthrax fever but that was a mistake for they are two distinct and inde- 
 
CATTLE— CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 167 
 
 pendent diseases, each being caused by a different germ. One diseased ani- 
 mal does not infect another only by self-inoculation. The germ must enter 
 a wound in the skin or mucous membrane of the body and is most likely 
 to enter the body through wounds or skin abrasions on the legs. When an 
 animal dies of black-leg it should be burned, not buried, for the germs should 
 be kept out of the soil. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — This disease is usually characterized by swellings on 
 the upper portion of either one or more quarters of the body. Shortly after 
 the animal is infected, a gas forms in the tissues beneath the skin, the gas 
 being produced by the germ. When punctured, a bloody fluid with a bad 
 odor oozes out. The animal loses appetite, has a high fever and generally 
 shows considerable lameness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — No remedy has yet been discovered. Cattle should 
 never be kept on infected ground unless they have been immunized, which 
 can be done by vaccination or a protective inoculation. When vaccinated, 
 cattle will not take the disease within a year but when calves have been 
 vaccinated it is a good plan to do it over again in eight or ten months. All 
 preventive medicines appear to fail. Whenever an outbreak occurs all the 
 young animals should be removed at once to a non-infected pasture and be 
 sure to supply them with a good quality of water. Black-leg vaccine is made 
 by heating the flesh of a calf that died of the disease to a temperature that 
 weakens the germs. One kind of vaccine that is prepared requires only 
 one dose while the other kind has to be given ten or twelve days apart. 
 The vaccine is put up in pill form and also as a string saturated with the 
 virus. The pills are forced under the skin with a little gun, the string being 
 pulled in with a needle. The vaccine is also put out in powder form to mix 
 with water and inject under the skin. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BLACK-LEG.— 
 
 1. Preventive. — With three pounds of salt mix five ounces of sulphur, 
 three ounces of copperas and one and one-half ounces each of saltpeter and 
 air-slacked lime. Beginning several weeks before time for black-leg to 
 attack them, keep this before the calves all the time. 
 
 2. Salt and Salts.^ — In a quart of water dissolve one-half teacupful of 
 common salt and a small teacupful of salts. Repeat in five hours and then 
 give once, a day for two or three days. There is probably no remedy that 
 will cure every case of black-leg but this one is worth a trial. 
 
 COW-POX— VARIOLA VACCINA.— This is a contagious disease 
 similar in nature to small-pox in man, but of course milder. One cow takes 
 it from another. Cow-pox exists in herds all over the world.. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Small red pimples appear around the teats ; in a few 
 days they form a sort of blister containing a watery fluid which, if not broken, 
 dry and form a dry scab which later scales off leaving the teat in a normal 
 state. The animal generally has some fever. 
 
 TREATMENT. — About all the treatment required is to give the animal 
 good care, laxative food and some saltpeter in the drinking water and apply 
 zinc ointment to the sores once a day. I often apply one part carbolic acid 
 and twenty parts sweet oil to the sores twice daily. 
 
 ANTHRAX— SPLENIC APOPLEXY.— Anthrax, or splenic apoplexy, 
 is a disease confined mostly to cattle and is one of the most fatal diseases to 
 wh&h they are subject. It is due to micro-organisms, the anthrax bacilli, 
 ■vvhieh can readily be seen under the microscope by examining the blood 
 
168 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 taken from either the spleen or the ear, but this examination should be made 
 before the carcass decomposes. The disease comes on suddenly, is of short 
 duration and usually termiaatee fetally and te readily communicatesd jso man 
 and other animals. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal may appear well at nig-ht and be dead liie 
 next morning, or the disease may develop more gradually with high tempera- 
 ture, loss of appetite, suspended rumination, a chill followed by perspiration, 
 a rapid and weak pulse and scanty and highly colored urine. There is great 
 weakness, the animal walks with a staggering gait and the breathing is 
 quick and difficult. The brain is generally affected, there is frothing at the 
 mouth and. the animal crften bellows witii pain and very often dies in 
 convulsions. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When the disease is fully developed medical remedies 
 have little effect, nature seemingly having to do it all ; however, it is well 
 to isolate the animal and give antiseptics such as carbolic acid or creosote 
 in one-half-drara doses well diluted in water and freely use disinfectants 
 such as coal-tar preparations. A cathartic of linseed oil should be given and 
 the food and water supply should be changed. In all cases repjrt the out- 
 break to your State Veterinarian or to the Bureau of Animal Industry at 
 Washington, D. C. The carcass should not be opened to allow the blood to 
 spill, but should be buried four feet under the ground or burned ajid the 
 hide should go with the carcass. 
 
 CONTAGIOUS PLEURA-PNEUMONIA.— This is perhaps one ©f the 
 most fatal ailment® cattle are heir to and consists in an inflaramation of the 
 lungs and pleura. The exact nature of the contagion has never been fully 
 determined. The disease usually develops in from three weeks to three 
 months after exposure. Fortunately, the Bureau of Animal Industry stamped 
 out this disease successfully and unless it is brought here again from some 
 other country we shall perhaps not be troubled with it. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is high temperature, loss of appetite, staring ce»at, 
 chills, shrinkage in milk and the passing of small quantities of highly colored 
 urine. There is tenderness over the lungs and the cough increases. There 
 is quick breathing, a pointing out of the nose and an arching of the back 
 and the hind legs are drawn under the body and the elbows kept well out. 
 At first the chest sounds clear but later a dry crackling noise is heard which 
 later changes to a dull sound. The disease seems to spread more rapidly 
 during hot than cold weather. 
 
 TREATMENT.— It can perhaps be safely stated that fifty per cent, of 
 the sick animals recover. On account of its seriousness it should be pre- 
 vented if possible. No person should be allowed to come from a diseased 
 herd and mix with healthy stock. When the disease breaks out in a herd the 
 safest way is to destroy them, burn their carcasses, disinfect thoroughly and 
 keep no more cattle on the premises for six months or a year. 
 
 TEXAS FEVER— SPANISH OR SPLENIC FEVER— SOUTHERN 
 FEVER— TICK FEVER.— This is a fever caused by a microscopic para- 
 site that is transmitted from southern to northern cattle by means of the 
 southern tick. Southern cattle come here in summer from tick infested dis- 
 tricts and infect our pastures by the female tick's dropping off the cattle and 
 laying a great many eggs which mature and, in from two to six or seven weeks, 
 crawl on to our native cattle and bury their mouths in the skin ; in this man- 
 
CATTLE— CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 169 
 
 tier the disease is transmitted. Northern cattle taken south to infected dis- 
 tricts show the disease in ten or fifteen days. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss ot appetite, high fever, suspended rumina- 
 tion, weakness and trembling. The head is held low, the bowels are costive, 
 the urine is red and young ticks can be found where the skin is thin but you 
 may need a magnifying glass to see them plainly. After death the blood 
 will be found to be very thin and not to clot readily and the gall bladder 
 will be found full and the spleen greatly enlarged. The liver is enlarged and 
 quite yellow in color and the kidneys are somewhat congested and the 
 bladder full of red urine. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Good nursing and feeding the animal plenty of easily- 
 digested food will help save its life. Tonics such as quinine, gentian, cod- 
 liver oil and alcoholic stimulants help brace the animal against the debilitating 
 effects of these ticks. When first discovered, pick ofif as many of the ticks 
 as possible and kill the rest with tick-killing dip. If the bowels are costive 
 give a small dose of epsom salts. Eggs and milk with brandy or whiskey added 
 help revive these cases. Cattle in the southern infested pastures become im- 
 mune to this fever by ticks diseasing the calves in a mild way which pre- 
 vents their ever having another attack. But to immunize northern cattle, 
 they require to be vaccinated with the blood of a sick animal, which produces 
 the disease in mild form, thereby rendering them immune to the disease. 
 Cattle can be vaccinated a time or two without very much risk and at small 
 expense and this should be done before they are taken to infested parts of 
 the country Cold frosty weather kills the ticks. This disease has been 
 heard of since 1814 and called by many dififerent names and is no doubt 
 caused by an organism which lives within the red corpuscles and breaks 
 them up but how they get there is hard to tell. 
 
 INFLUENZA — PINK EYE— EPIZOOTIC — LA GRIPPE.— (See 
 "Horse Department.") 
 
VARIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 (Including Lump Jaw, Foot-Rot, Founder, Wounds of all Kinds, Screw 
 Worms, Broken Bones, Hydrophobia, Apoplexy, Epilepsy, Dropsy, 
 Rheumatism, Ringing Bulls, Dehorning, Diseases of the Heart, Blood and 
 Veins, Etc.) 
 
 LUMP JAW— ACTINOMYCOSIS.— This disease is due to the presence 
 of vegetable parasites which are known by the name " actinomyces." It has 
 been known to affect man, sometimes the horse and other animals, but it 
 generally affects the ox. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is always due to a vegetable organism that makes its way 
 into the tissues, producing a lump or tumor on some part of the body, gen- 
 erally affecting the jaw but may affect the tongue and is sometimes found 
 in the lungs. This fungus grows on plants and very often gains entrance to 
 the body through wounds about the head or mouth or even other parts of 
 the body. This disease should not be called strictly contagious for the only 
 way a diseased animal can infect another is by pus dropping on grass, as this 
 fungus seemingly regains vitality and when eaten seems to disease others; 
 therefore, an animal suffering from this disease and discharging pus should 
 not be allowed to run on pasture where other cattle graze. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Usually the first symptoms are : a refusal of food, an irri- 
 tation of the tongue, disinclination to masticate food and very often a profuse 
 flow of saliva, a disagreeable odor from the breath and a swelling, such 
 as would result from an injury. When pus comes from the bunch it is 
 usually sticky and contains small hard yellow particles which can be seen 
 readily by spreading on a clean glass. This disease appears to act rather 
 peculiarly for in some cases it progresses rapidly and in other cases quite 
 slowly. To be sure that it is a case of actinomycosis the pus should be 
 examined with a microscope to find the fungus. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In a majority of cases, if treated in time, this disease 
 is curable but, if it has become chronic and the bones affected very much, 
 they are cured with difficulty ; however, it is well to make the effort. Simple 
 home remedies cut little figure in the treatment of this ailment. From one to 
 four drams of iodide of potassium dissolved in water should be given as a 
 drench twice a day until a perceptible improvement is noticed, then less of 
 the medicine should be given until a recovery takes place. The best external 
 application is red iodide of mercury, one part and lard, four parts, applied 
 every few days as the case demands. I have obtained very good results by 
 cutting the tumor open and applying caustics and there are none better than 
 caustic potash. After the inside of the tumor; sloughs out apply either tincture 
 of iodine or iodine ointment. I have also tried some of the lump jaw cures 
 that are on the market and they have given me fairly good results. It is 
 well to keep in mind that this ailment can be communicated to other live 
 stock ; therefore, it is often wise to fatten and dispose of them as in the 
 majority of cases the flesh of an animal of this kind is fit for food. 
 
 170 
 
CATTLE— VARIOUS DISEASES. 171 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LUMP JAW.— 
 
 1. Air-Slacked Lime. — Cut the lump open and put in all the air-slacked 
 lime it will hold. This will eat out the diseased parts and effect a cure. 
 
 2. Iodine. — The lump should be cut open and cleansed with a solution 
 of one part carbolic acid and twenty parts water and then half an ounce of 
 tincture of iodine should be injected. 
 
 3. Iodide of Potash. — Give one dram of iodide of potash once a day for 
 ten or twenty days, discontinue for a week and then repeat. The potash 
 should be given in the drinking water. This is one of the most effective 
 remedies known for lump jaw. 
 
 4. . Kerosene and Iodine. — Mix one part of iodine with two parts of kero- 
 sene and apply frequently when the lump first makes its appearance. 
 
 LUMPS ON THE JAW. — A lump on the jaw is very often caused by a 
 blow or by one animal's hooking another or by being kicked by a horse. The 
 bunch may be actinomycosis (lump jaw), or it may be the result of a dis- 
 eased tooth or a cap crowding against the cheek and causing an inflammation 
 of the jaw. ' 
 
 TREATMENT. — Try to ascertain the cause and if it is the result of an 
 injury or even if it be incipient lump jaw apply iodine ointment which can 
 be obtained from any druggist. If caused by a tooth, treat as I have suggested 
 elsewhere. When applying iodine ointment or tincture of iodine, daily appli- 
 cations should be made for a few days, then the medicine may be used less 
 frequently. 
 
 EXOSTOSIS OF THE JAW.— (See " Horse Department") 
 
 FOOT-ROT— FOUL IN THE FOOT.— This is a diseased condition of 
 the foot showing itself mostly between the toes and in the back part of the 
 heel and in the coronet. 
 
 QAUSES. — It is generally caused by stable filth or by some foreign body 
 lodging between the toes or by allowing the toes to grow too, long and out 
 of shape. In cattle it is not generally contagious but it frequently is in 
 sheep. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Generally, the first symptom noticed is lameness. There 
 is swelling of the coronet, swelling between the claws and very often some 
 sloughing and if the case has been neglected it is often deep seated and sup- 
 purating under the wall. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If you suspect there is pus under the wall, cut through 
 and liberate it, applying peroxide of hydrogen ; a few minutes later apply one 
 part carbolic acid and ten parts water, not fprgetting the importance of keep- 
 ing the animal in a clean dry stable. After the foot ceases to discharge pus, 
 apply pine tar and oakum and bandage a:round the foot to protect it from dirt. 
 Feed the animal on cooling laxative diet and as the animal begins to recover 
 it is not necessary to use the carbolic lotion stronger than one part to thirty 
 of \ivater. I have obtained good results by applying the following lotion : — 
 Dissolve one-quarter pound of sugar of lead and two ounces of carbolic acid 
 in a gallon of water and apply daily. This is hardly active enough, however, 
 for bad cases during the early treatment. If the toes have grown out long they 
 should be shortened. If the feet are much inflamed, poultices will make the 
 animal more comfortable. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SORE FEET, FOUL IN THE 
 
 FOOT OR FOOT EVIL.— 
 
 1, Linseed Oil, Lard and Carbolic Add. — Mix one ounce of carbolic acid 
 
173 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 with two ounces each of linseed oil and lard. Before applying, the foot should 
 be thoroughly cleaned by drawing a rope between the toes. 
 
 2. Blue Vitriol. — Pare the hoof and then bathe with a solution of four 
 ounces of blue vitriol in a pint of warm water. Finely pulverized blue vitriol 
 may be applied dry if preferred. This is an excellent remedy for foul foot of 
 cattle. 
 
 3. Butter of Antimony. — Clean the foot and apply butter of antimony. 
 Repeat in a week or ten days if the first application does not complete the 
 cure. If it makes the foot too sore apply some lard or linseed oil. 
 
 4. Turpentine. — Thoroughly clean the foot and apply spirits of turpen- 
 tine. This should be applied early. 
 
 5. Borax, Calomel and Blue Vitriol. — Mix half an ounce of borax with 
 two ounces each of calomel and blue vitriol and apply twice a week. The 
 foot should be thorougfhly cleaned each time before applying. 
 
 FOUNDER— LAMINITIS.— This is an inflammation of the sensitive 
 tissues of the foot, usually afifecting the front feet but sometimes all four feet. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by traveling a long distance on rough, hard roads 
 and by over-feeding and it sometimes follows calving. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal walks sore and is inclined to lie down and 
 when traveling attempts to carry as much of the weight of the body on the 
 hind legs as possible, especially when the forefeet only are afifected. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Stand the animal in a tub of warm water if occurring in 
 the winter season, or in cold water or wet clay in the summer. Give a full 
 dose of epsom salts, also give a tablespoonful of saltpeter three times a day. 
 When the animal is feverish give ten or fifteen drops of fluid extract of 
 aconite and if in much pain give a teaspoonful of fluid extract of belladonna 
 or a tablespoonful or two of laudanum two or three times a day. 
 
 FOOT SORENESS.— This is a very common ailment in cattle and is 
 generally the result of filth, over-feeding or traveling on rough, uneven roads 
 or running in rough lots. Stand in either hot or cold water or poultice the 
 feet with wet clay or apply antiphlogistine. Also apply wet swabs to the 
 hoofs and if you are able to determine the cause, remove it. 
 
 LOSS OF HOOF.— The loss of a hoof is usually the result of an acci- 
 dent or injury of some kind, pulling oflf either or both claws. 
 
 TREATMENT. — After applying peroxide of hydrogen cover the foot with 
 pine-tar, covering that with oakum and a bandage. It will not be necessary to 
 dress the foot more than two or three times, providing the foot is clean when 
 first dressed and the coating of tar and oakum is sufficient to protect the foot 
 from wet and dirt. There are many healing remedies that you may have on 
 hand that will answer almost as well as what I have prescribed. It is import- 
 ant to keep the foot clean and free from infection. 
 
 SPAVIN IN CATTLE,— This is not neariy so common an ailment in 
 cattle as in horses but work oxen and cows that are obliged to travel on hard 
 roads do sometimes have bone spavin, causing a bony enlargement on the 
 lower and inside part of the hock joint. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Rest, blisters and firing, the same as are recommended 
 for horses, are proper treatment for cattle. 
 
 SPRAIN OF THE STIFLE JOINT.- rSee" Horse Department.") 
 
 DISLOCATION OF STIFLE IN CATTLE.— The stifle bone sometimes 
 becomes dislocated in cattle and should be treated the same as for horses, 
 (See " Horse Department.") 
 
CATTLE— VARIOUS DISEASES, 173 
 
 SPRAINS. — Sprains of Tendons, Ligaments and Muscles are treated in 
 the " Horse Department." 
 
 WOUNDS. — Wounds on cattle should be treated much the same as 
 those on horses ; therefore, I suggest that you lopk up the treatment for 
 wounds in the " Horse Department." However, it is well to keep in mind that 
 every wound should be examined closely at first to ascertain whether or not 
 there is any foreign body in it. If there is, remove it, pour on a small quan- 
 tity of peroxide of hydrogen or one part of carbolic acid and thirty parts of 
 water or one part of coal-tar disinfectant and thirty parts of water. Or, dis- 
 solve one ounce of alum or the same quantity of sugar of lead or sulphate 
 of zinc in a quart of water and apply to wounds two or three times a day. 
 Any of the above home remedies will answer very well. A very good healing 
 powder is made of equal parts of iodoform, powdered alum and boric acid, 
 but remember that for wounds to do well the animal should be kept in a clean 
 place and the wounds should be kept clean and protected from contaminated 
 influences. It is not always necessary to cover a wound with oakum or ab- 
 sorbent cotton or tar bandages but as a rule when they are applied properly 
 a wound heals more rapidly. When it is necessary to stitch a wound it should 
 be done with clean sewing material — silk, linen, catgut or any of the sewing 
 materials that are sold for human practice. Of course you should use the 
 heaviest, or two or three thicknesses and bring the edges of the wound as 
 close and even as it is possible. Take out the stitches as soon as you believe 
 a union of the tissues has taken place. 
 
 BANDAGING AND STITCHING WOUNDS.— In case of wounds on 
 the legs a light bandage or a strip of adhesive plaster wound around the leg 
 will hold the edges of a wound together almost as well as stitches. When 
 stitches are required, either silk or catgut should be used ; the silk holds 
 better bijt of course will not be absorbed as catgut will. The silk stitches need 
 to be taken out. (See " Wounds " in both this and the " Horse Department") 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SORES AND FOUL FLESH.— 
 
 1. Oil of Vitriol. — Cleanse the parts with water and then bathe with 
 half a teaspoonful of oil of vitriol diluted in half a teacupful of water. 
 
 SCREW WORMS IN WOUNDS— MAGGOTS IN WOUNDS.— When- 
 ever a wound is neglected during hot weather it is liable to be inhabited by 
 screw worms or maggots. Apply one part carbolic acid and thirty parts 
 water or one part coal-tar disinfectant to thirty parts water or apply peroxide 
 of hydrogen, then apply equal parts powdered alum, oxide of zinc and iodo- 
 form. Sometimes, dropping in turpentine not only kills the maggots but stimu- 
 lates a healthy action. Other fairly good remedies are one part bi-chloride of 
 mercury and five hundred parts water or one part chloride of zinc and five 
 hundred parts water. Or, apply equal parts of iodoform, powdered aliim and 
 boric acid. Wounds of this kind should be treated twice a day and should be 
 covered with oakum. In summer apply pine-tar as soon as the sore ceases 
 to suppurate and this will keep the flies away. 
 
 AIR UNDER THE SKIN.— Frequently, following a wound, air makes 
 its way into the tissues beneath the skin, giving rise to an enormous swelling. 
 Tapping on the skin with the fingers produces a crackling noise and drum- 
 like sound. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the animal quiet and make large wounds through 
 the skin in order to let out the air ; also hand rub the parts. 
 
174 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 WOUNDS OF THE LIPS.— 
 
 , CAUSES.— rThese are caused by coming in contact with nails, barbed wire, 
 splinters on boards and sometimes by blows. I have known of swollen lips 
 being the result of a snake bite. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — External wounds are of course easily seen but the lips 
 may be wounded on the inside by the animal's picking up pieces of glass or 
 foreign bodies that are sharp and uneven; therefore, in making an examina- 
 tion, the inside of the lips should be examined closely. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the lips ar© only bruised with a dull substance and 
 there is no open wound, apply simple home remedies, such as hot or cold 
 water or one part witch hazel and two parts water. Or, dissolve one ounce 
 of borax in a quart of cold water or put four ounces of fluid extract of arnica 
 into a quart of cold water and apply to the lips four or five times daily. If 
 you suspect that a snake bite is the cause, give not less than one-half pint 
 of whiskey several times a day for a day or two. Nearly all home healing 
 remedies will be found useful in treating wounded lips. 
 
 INJURIES TO EYE.— (See " Diseases of Eye and Ear.") 
 
 INJURIES TO EAR.— (See " Diseases of Eye and Ear.") 
 
 FRACTURES— BROKEN BONES.— A fracture is usually the result of 
 an injury and the proper treatment for such is to place the broken bone in its 
 original position and if held there for a few weeks a bony union usually takes 
 place ; however, in old animals this may not be the case and when the bones 
 move and are not kept in place a fibrous union occurs which is not nearly 
 so satisfactory as if a bony union had taken place. There are many ways in 
 which bones may be held in position by bandages of various kinds. The most 
 satisfactory plan is to use prepared plaster of Paris bandages; the directions 
 go with them and they are not expensive. These may be applied to fractures 
 of the limbs. Splints of card board, wood or whale bone wrapped with 
 cotton and held on with bandages do very well. When the animal is kept on 
 foot a temporary sling should be used for a few weeks. 
 
 HIP JOINT LAMENESS.— (See " Horse Department") 
 HIPPED— FRACTURE OF THE HIP BONE.— 
 
 CAUSES. — This ailment is usually the result of an accident by rushing 
 through a narrow door or falling or being kicked, striking the point of the 
 hip and breaking the bone. This kind of a fracture is not very dangerous for 
 either a fibrous or bony union takes place, leaving the point of the hip down 
 and in. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the animal quiet in a standing position until the 
 bones unite, which requires four or five weeks. Dissolve one-quarter pound 
 of sugar of lead in a gallon of water, adding eight ounces of fluid extract of 
 opium and apply to sore parts twice a day; or apply spirits of Camphor. If 
 the bone does not unite it will perhaps produce an abscess and the detached 
 piece should be removed and the end of the bone made smooth. In some 
 cases it is not necessary to treat them for if the bone is held in position by 
 the muscles they get well without treatment. 
 
 BITES OF INSECTS AND SNAKES.— There are too many varieties 
 of insects and too many kinds of snakes for me to speak of each one separately ; 
 therefore, I shall give you general treatment for all kinds that have come 
 under my observation. 
 
 TREATMENT.— For insect bites apply lead lotion which is made by 
 dissolving one-half ounce of sugar of lead in a quart of water and, if the swell- 
 
CATTLE— VARIOUS DISEASES. 175 
 
 ing produces much pain, add one-fourth part laudanum. Or, apply equal parts 
 of aqua ammonia and sweet oil, or some camphorated oil and, if the animal 
 is very dull or dumpish, give some whiskey or alcohol every two or three 
 hours. In case of snake bites, either touch the sore with caustic or the point 
 of a ret hot iron. In many cases I have thought that tincture of iodine gave 
 as good results as any drug I had pver used. 
 
 HYDROPHOBIA— RABIES.— This is an infectious disease caused by 
 an invisible organism which is transmitted from one animal to another usu- 
 ally by a bite when suffering from the disease or by direct inoculation. This 
 ailment is most common in the dog, perhaps on account of dogs running at 
 large and biting others. The dog shows two forms of rabies — furious and 
 dumb, the dumb being much the more common. In furious rabies the animal 
 seeks a dark place for a day or two, gradually becoming more restless, drink- 
 ing lots of water, eating sticks, stones and other rubbish and some dogs travel 
 many miles from home and return to die from exhaustion or paralysis after 
 biting many animals. During their journey they are far more likely to bite 
 other animals than man. In the dumb form the animal seeks dark places, 
 becoming nervous. The throat and lower jaw become paralyzed, the lower 
 jaw dropping and remaining open and the voice changing from a bark to a 
 howl. When in this condition they are unable to bite a person ; however, they 
 sometimes change to a more furious state and bite. In the horse the symp- 
 toms are restlessness, unusual violence, kicking and biting and very 
 often the showing of sexual excitement. I have known horses with rabies to 
 eat a hind leg almost completely off. The disease usually develops in from 
 eight to twenty-one days; however, it may not develop for several months. 
 It usually runs its course in from two to eight or ten days and terminates in 
 death. As this disease advances cattle become unusually excitable and vicious 
 and suffer from spasms and appear to suffer a great deal of pain during the 
 later stages of the disease and show partial paralysis of the hind quarters. 
 
 TREATMENT. — As there is no curative remedy the treatment should be 
 preventive. If bitten by a dog, burn the wound with a red hot iron, or with 
 caustic to destroy the infection. The preventive treatment used in man is 
 far too expensive to be used on animals. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS.— (See "Horse Department.") 
 
 VERTIGO— BLIND STAGGERS— FALLING FITS.— (See "Horse 
 Department.") 
 
 APOPLEXY. — This ailment is usually the result of congestion or stag- 
 nation of blood in the brain or of rupture of some small blood vessel which 
 causes a clot that produces pressure on a portion of the brain. 
 
 CAUSES. — The causes are high feeding and under exercising ; or, exertion 
 in excessively hot weather, especially if the animal is very fleshy. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Apoplexy develops suddenly, the pupil of the eye is al- 
 ways dilated and the animal breathes heavily. In some cases only a portion 
 of the body is affected. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In fleshy animals I believe in blood-letting, taking away 
 not less than two gallons. Give from one to two ounces of bromide of potash 
 every two hours or the same quantity of hypo-sulphite of soda and as a rule 
 from one to two pounds of epsom salts should be given to open the bowels. 
 If the animal is in a comatose condition, pour the medicine through a rubber 
 tube with a funnel for there is danger in giving it as a drench out of a bottle. 
 
 SUNSTROKE— HEAT EXHAUSTION.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
176 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 LOCKJAW— TETANUS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 CHOREA.— rSee "Horse Departnlent") 
 
 FITS— EPILEPSY.— No person has ever been able to tell what causes 
 epileptic fits; however, they are claimed to be caused by some germ or or- 
 ganism or diseased condition of the blood. They follow teething, worms, a 
 torpid condition of the liver and chronic indigestion. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The disease sets in suddenly followed by a convulsive 
 spasm. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Try to learn the cause and remove it by treating for 
 such an ailment. If worms are the cause, treat for them and if the teeth, treat 
 them and if the bowels are costive, give laxatives. If caused by chronic indi- 
 gestion, treat the stomach and liver. 
 
 PARALYSIS.— (See "Horse Department") 
 
 DISEASE OF THE SPLEEN.— It is so puzzling to tell when an animal 
 suflfers from disease of the spleen that it is hardly worth considering as a 
 cattle ailment. Therefore, about all we can do is to treat what symptoms 
 they show and feed cooling, laxative food, keeping the bowels and kidneys 
 active. It is also important to exercise the animal some every day. 
 
 MYELITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE SPINAL CORD— (See 
 "Horse Department.") 
 
 DROPSY OF THE BELLY— ASCITES.— Dropsy is not a djsease but 
 a result of other ailments such as peritonitis, diseases of the liver and.debility 
 following a lack of proper nutrition. ^ 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— There is a general dullness; an increase of size in belly, 
 especially the lower part; a paleness of the mucous membrane ©f the mouth 
 and eye ; a loss of appetite and an irregular rumination of food. By tapping 
 the abdomen with the ends of the fingers a dull sound is produced and if the 
 hand is passed into the abdominal cavity through the bowel, water can be 
 felt; besides, the fluctuation can sometimes be determined by pressing the 
 right flank. When there is dropsy, the shape of the lower portion of the belly 
 seems to differ from its shape in all other ailments. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Feed a good quality of nutritious food and give one 
 ounce of ground gentian, one dram of ground nux vomica and one-half ounce 
 of nitrate of potash at a dose in feed three times a day. The bowels and kid- 
 neys should be kept active. When the effusion is great I never hesitate to tap 
 the animal, using, of course, a trocar and canula. The opening should be 
 made four or five inches back of the navel on the under side of the abdomen. 
 In performing this operation the trocar must be pushed only through the ab- 
 dominal wall for if pushed further you may puncture a bowel and cause the 
 death of the animal. 
 
 TAPPING THE BELLY.— This is done to empty the abdominal cavity 
 of water as in cases of ascites. Make an incision through the skin just back 
 of the navel and insert the trocar, leaving the canula in until the fluid all 
 runs out, then withdraw the instrument. It is sometimes necessary to oper- 
 ate more than once. Be sure that the instrument is clean before it is used. 
 
 WATER IN THE CHEST— HYDROTHORAX.— This is not a disease 
 but is a result of other ailments. An accumulation of water takes place in the. 
 chest and this condition is generally found following a bad case of pleurisy. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Whenever water commences to accumulate in the chest 
 the worst symptoms of pleurisy seem to somewhat subside. Here is where 
 the veterinarian and stockman are often deceived but after a short time the 
 
CATTLE— VARIOUS DISEASES. 177 
 
 ft 
 animal is worse and soon shows it. The nostrils flap, breathing is labored 
 and the flanks heave and the legs and chest become dropsical. By listening, 
 a murmur can be heard in the bottom of the chest and the heart can often 
 be heard splashing in water. Percussion on the ribs makes a very dull sound 
 if the tapping is low down. The pulse is quick and weak. When, death takes 
 place it is caused by crowding the lungs to the upper part of the chest, thus 
 causing' sufifocation. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give three drams of acetate of potash and two drams 
 of fluid extract of digitalis at a dose three times a day ; or give one dram of 
 iodide potassium at a dose three times a day; or give a tablespoonful of pow- 
 dered saltpeter at a dose two or three times a day. It is well to keep the 
 bowels and kidneys moderately active, also groom the body twice a day. If 
 the animal's appetite is poor give two tablespoonfuls of ground gentian, two 
 tablespoonfuls of ground ginger and a teaspoonful of ground nux vomica at 
 a dose three times a day. This will improve the appetite. Be sure to furnish 
 the patient with nutritious food such as well-cooked oatmeal gruel and eggs 
 or milk and whiskey to keep up the strength. 
 
 TAPPING THE CHEST. — This is done in case of an excessive accumu- 
 lation of water in the chest. A trocar and canula such as are used in tapping 
 horses should be used. However, a veterinarian is the proper person to do it 
 for if an inexperienced person attempts it he may get into trouble. 
 
 RHEUMATISM. — This is a disease that is by no means well under- 
 stood; however, it is doubtless the result of too much acid, in the system, 
 which has a tendency to produce inflammation and pain of some part or parts 
 of the body, quite often afifecting the joints, sheaths of the tendons and syn- 
 ovial membranes. It is known by its changing from one part of the body to 
 another. The acute form is the most common, causing swelling and some- 
 times suppuration and a discharge of synovia from the opening. In the 
 chronic form the joints stiffen, become diseased and sometimes become per- 
 fectly stiff. In some cases the pleura and heart are involved, resulting in 
 death. In other cases the muscles are aflfected and remain so, causing them 
 to contract. A shifting lameness with joint swellings indicates rheumatism. 
 The bowels are generally costive and the coat dry. The joints may suppurate. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Good care is the treatment. Keep the bowels open and 
 the kidneys active ; also, keep the animal warm and apply mustard and water 
 or some good home liniment such as is made by mixing equal parts of turpen- 
 tine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil. Give two drams of salicylate of soda three 
 times a day or give a tablespoonful of powdered saltpeter at a dose in feed 
 or water three times a day. Any one of the above remedies do good in such 
 cases. Rubbing with spirits of camphor, alcohol or oil of mustard partially 
 reUeves the pain. 
 
 HOLLOW HORN AND WOLF IN THE TAIL.--These are common 
 terms made use of by uninforined persons to denote a diseased condition of 
 the blood when they are not able to tell what ails the ariimal. It is an imag- 
 inary disease. The hollow condition of the horn exists in nearly all cattle, 
 especially in thin ones and boring a hole in the horn and filling it with pepper 
 and salt never did any good but often harm. Splitting the tail and using the 
 same remedy cannot remedy tail ailments if the animal has any. Generous 
 feeding and giving a teaspoonful of ground nux vomica, a teaspoonful of 
 sulphate of iron and a tablespoonful of ground gentian in the feed three times 
 
 3—12 
 
178 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 • 
 
 a day will help tone up the system. Never allow any person to make you be- 
 lieve there are such ailments in cattle as hollow horn or wolf in the tail. 
 
 PERICARDITIS. — This is an inflammation of the membrane inclosing 
 the heart and is very often the result of other ailments such as pleurisy, pneu- 
 monia or rheumatism and it may also follow other -constitutional diseases, 
 It is true that this disease may arise independent of any other, the result of 
 exposure to cold, damp weather. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— It usually sets in with a light chill followed by sHght 
 fever, producing dullness and a quick and somewhat irregular pulse. The 
 legs are usually cold, the respirations quicken, and when the left side is tapped 
 with the finger it produces pain. In the secondary stages the legs stock and 
 a swellins: appears under brisket and lower part of belly. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the animal in a quiet, comfortable stable, hand 
 rub the legs and clothe the body warmly. Give easily digested food in mod- 
 erate quantities several times a day. In the early stages of this ailment give 
 one-pound doses of epsom salts daily until the bowels move freely and if the 
 temperature is high give 35 drops of tincture of aconite every three hours for 
 a day or two, then give one dram of fluid extract of digitalis and one dram 
 of -fluid extract of nux vomica thjee times" a day. Or, give a tablespoonful of 
 powdered saltpeter and two tablespoonfuls of baking soda at a dose in feed 
 three times daily. 
 
 PLETHORA. — This is a rich condition of the blood that interferes with 
 circulation; consequently, poisonous materials are not eliminated from the 
 system and,, of course, this leads to many congestive and inflammatory ail- 
 ments. 
 
 CAUSES. — Feeding too much rich nutritious food such as oil meal, corn, 
 oats, barley or rye, without the animal's getting enough exercise, also forcing 
 the growth of the animal beyond a certain point are causes. Being kept in 
 too warm a stable and breathing impure air are other causes. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is an unusually thrifty condition, the animal laying 
 on flesh rapidly but showing slight fever at times followed later by conges- 
 tion and later on by inflammation. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a cathartic of epsom salts or linseed 6il and reduce 
 the food supply. Instead of grain, feed some vegetables and well salted bran 
 mashes ; also, give one-half ounce of saltpeter at a dose in the feed two or three 
 times a day. Do not forget that exercise is one of the best remedies for 
 plethora. 
 ANEMIA.— 
 
 CAUSES. — ^This is a condition of the blood just the opposite to plethora 
 and is generally brought on by want of sufficient food or fresh air. Exposure 
 to cold and storms, lice or other parasites, also indigestion and other debili- 
 tating diseases may lead to anemia. Dropsy or purpura hemorrhagica may 
 follow cases of this kind or they may end in rheumatism. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal has pale membranes, is unthrifty, weak, dull 
 and always inclined to stock and it may be lousy. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If lousy, apply an infusion of stavesacre seeds, which 
 is prepared by boiling one ounce of crushed seeds in a quart of water, then 
 add water to make one quart before using. Give mineral tonics such as sul- 
 phate of iron in teaspoonful doses three times a day; or give a teaspoonful 
 of liquid chloride or irOn at a dose three times daily. Any good home tonics, 
 such as quinine, gentian, quassia, ginger, cinchona or Fowler's solution are 
 
CATTLE— VARIOUS DISEASES. 179 
 
 proper remedies but never forget the importance of plenty of good food. Keep 
 the bowels and kidneys active. 
 
 PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA.— This is a specific blood disease seldom 
 affecting cattle but most commonly affecting horses. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It is generally due to an impoverished condition of the 
 blood which oozes through the walls of the blood vessels, causing extensive 
 swellings of the head and limbs and under the belly. It often follows debili- 
 tating diseases or exposure to cold storms ; it also follows exhaustion and ' 
 usually comes on suddenly. The swelling pits on pressure, the mucous 
 lining of the nose and mouth is covered with red or purple spots and some- 
 times abscesses form, causing death. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Place in a dry, clean, well-ventilated stable ; feed plenty 
 of rich nourishing food; also give thirty grains of quinine and two drams of 
 tincture of chloride of iron in three ounces of raw linseed oil every four hours 
 for two or three days. Hot blankets are helpful in cases of abdominal pain. 
 The serum treatment has given me fairly good results in the majority of 
 cases where I have tried it, but of course it is more expensive than drugs. 
 When it is employed give it early and in full doses. Lead lotions or vinegar 
 and water applied to the swellings on the head help to keep the swelling in 
 Ciicclc 
 
 BLOOD POISONING— PY.EMIA— SEPTICAEMIA.— This is a con- 
 dition that generally results from absorbing into the system some sort of 
 poisonous matter from a suppurating surface or ulcer or from picking up pus 
 or germs of some kind. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a rise in temperature, loss of appetite, quick 
 breathing, loss of flesh and, in serious cases, delirium. There may be an 
 external abscess, or perhaps one situated out of sight, which causes all the 
 trouble. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Ascertain the cause and if it is an abscess open it and 
 wash out with one part peroxide of hydrogen and three parts water, applied 
 very slowly; ten minutes later apply one part carbolic acid and thirty parts 
 water and repeat three times a day. Give thirty grains of quinine and half 
 a teacupful of whiskey four times a day. If the bowels are costive give epsom 
 salts or raw linseed oil to move them, also give a tablespoonful of powdered 
 saltpeter at a dose twice a day. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE VEINS— PHLEBITIS.— This condition 
 of the veins is usually the result of infection by an animal's rubbing a wound 
 where the vein has either been punctured or exposed. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When inflammation follows the operation of blood-letting 
 the wall of the vein usually thickens and the wound discharges a watery fluid 
 and when the pin is taken out it can be noticed that the skin has not united. 
 This inflammation may extend along the vein a considerable distance ; also, an 
 abscess may form causing the formation of pus which always interferes with 
 the circulation of blood through the vein. But cattle have an accessory jugu- 
 lar vein which carries on the work if the other becomes clogged. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Same as for Horses. 
 
 HOW to RING A BULL.— First of all you must secure the bull by 
 placing him in stocks or stanchion, throwing him or placing him in a narrow 
 stall. Tie him short, place a small block of wood in one nostril, set the punch 
 in the other and strike it a blow. This makes a hole through the cartilage ; 
 then place th,e ring and set the screw and your work is completed. Some 
 
180 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 stockmen burn a hole through the nose partition with a pointed iron when at 
 white heat ; this can be done quickly if you have an assistant to help. 
 
 BLEEDING— BLOOD-LETTING.-^Nearly all ancient writers on veter- 
 inary subjects were inclined to recommend blood-letting for common ailments 
 of live stock ; however, the practice has largely gone into disuse, not only in 
 human practice but in veterinary practice also. 
 
 DEHORNING. — In young calves apply caustic potash as soon as the 
 horn bud can be felt and be sure to apply it to the whole horn for if this first 
 application is thorough it will prevent the horn's ever growing. In making 
 this application do not get the caustic too wet for, if so, it may burn the healthy 
 parts and perhaps some of it get into the eye. In removing the horns from 
 an adult, place the animal in a stanchion or stocks or tie the head firmly and 
 short to a post. Snap a nose ring into the nose, pull the head round to one 
 side, use the dehorning shears and then apply one part carbolic acid -and ten 
 parts pine tar, covering it with either oakum or cotton. To stop bleeding 
 apply Monsell's solution of iron or use a red hot iron or tie a silk thread about 
 the artery. Sometimes I take hold of the artery with the forceps and twist it. 
 This stops the blood very quickly. In some cases pus forms, and if this is the 
 case apply peroxide of hydrogen and dust on equal parts of iodoform, pow- 
 dered alum and tannic acid. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR KILLING HORNS ON CALVES.— 
 
 1. Caustic Potash. — As soon as the horn starts it should be rubbed with 
 
 Caustic T)Ot3.Sfl 
 
 DISEASES OF THE BONE.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BONE— OSTITIS.— (See " Hor?e Depart- 
 ment.") 
 
 OPEN JOINT.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 CAPPED ELBOW— ELBOW TUMOI?.- (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 COLD ABSCESS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 INFLAMMATIONS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 CHILLS.— (See " Horse Department") 
 
 GOITRE— BRONCHOCELE— ENLARGEMENT OF THE THY- 
 ROID GLAND.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 TUMORS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 RICKETS.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
 IMPURE BLOOD— BAD BLOOD.— (See " Horse Department.") 
 
■w.s^-j 'ji)^''"'. ■"';**^'" I ■" >-r^r: 'Y-iy 1 
 
 7^f:r.-7!^'3^x 
 
 DR. FAIR GIVING MEDICINE TO A SHEEP. 
 Raise the nose but a little for if raised too high the medicine will go down the 
 windpipe into the lungs and cause broncho-pneumonia and finally death. IMany 
 sheep are killed each year by holding the nose too high while giving medicine. 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
SHEEP, 
 
 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Colic or Stretches, Bloating, Diarrhea in Lambs, Constipation, 
 Stomach Worms, Fluke Worms, Nodular Disease, Choking, Etc.) 
 
 COLIC— STRETCHES.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Drinking too much ice cold water and eating too much badly 
 cured fodder or grain and eating frozen vegetables or grass are the causes of 
 colic or stretches, 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are : getting up and down frequently, 
 stretching as if in pain, striking the belly with the feet and refusing to eat. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Any good home colic remedy is all right, or give a tea- 
 spoonful of essence of peppermint, a teaspoonful of ginger and twenty drops of 
 laudanum at a dose every hour or two until the pain ceases. Apply mustard 
 and water to the lower part of the abdomen and it will relieve the pain. If the 
 bowels are not moving freely give epsom salts to open them. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR COLIC OR STRETCHES.— 
 
 1. Soda and Ginger. — In water as a drench give a dram each of common 
 baking soda and ground ginger. If the first dose does not effect a cure a 
 second dose may be given in an hour. If the second dose is necessary it is 
 well to give five ounces of raw linseed oil. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LAMB CHOLERA.— 
 
 1. Ether and Milk. — Mix one-fourth ounce of sulphuric ether with two 
 ounces of warm milk and give at a dose. Repeat in two hours if necessary. 
 This remedy can be depended upon to cure lamb cholera. 
 
 HOVEN— BLOATING— TYMPANITES.— These ailments are the re- 
 sults of fermentation of food that the sheep have eaten, causing distension of 
 the stomach and bowels. 
 
 CAUSES. — Drinking too much very cold water, eating frozen vegetables 
 or grass, also eating too much young grass are the causes. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— The left side is puffed out and if tapped it will sound 
 drum-like. The sheep is always uneasy, getting up and down and showing 
 symptoms of suffering considerable pain. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a dessert spoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia, 
 one-half ounce hypo-sulphite of soda and a teaspoonful of tincture of ginger 
 at a dose in a pint of cold water every two hours until pain ceases and the 
 bloat goes down. If the bowels are costive give three ounces of epsom salts 
 in one-half pint of water, adding a little ginger. If you believe there is danger 
 of the stomach or bowels bursting, puncture the stomach and allow the gas to 
 escape. The wool should first be cut off and some disinfectant applied to the 
 skin. A clean trocar and canula should be used. The place to puncture is at 
 the most prominent point of the bloating. Pull out the trocar but leave the 
 cantila in until all the gas is out. 
 
 181 
 
182 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR BLOATING.— 
 
 1. Soda, Ginger and Ammonia. — With a pint of water mix one dram each 
 of common baking soda and ginger and eight drams of aromatic spirits of am- 
 monia. This is one dose and may be repeated in an hour if necessary. 
 IMPACTION OF THE RUMEN.— 
 
 CAUSES. — This comes from eating too much food that the sheep is not 
 accustomed to having and eating large quantities of indigestible fodder, grain 
 or grass. Badly cured clover and too ripe timothy are also causes of impaction. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite, labored breathing and few if 
 any bowel movements. The sheep does not ruminate and by pressing the left 
 side with the hand you will feel a dull hard substance. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The first point to consider is how to unload the stom- 
 ach and bowels quickly and not hurt the sheep. Give four or five ounces of 
 epsom salts, one, dram of tincture of ginger and ten drops of tincture of nux 
 vomica in one-fourth pint of water as a drench. This should move the bowels. 
 If it fails, give raw linseed oilor some more of the salts. Injections of soap 
 and water should be used. If the sheep is much bloated give some aromatic 
 spirits of ammonia, peppermint and ginger or any good home remedy for 
 flatulent colic. 
 
 ENTERITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS.— Enteritis is 
 quite a common sickness in sheep. 
 
 CAUSES. — It very often follows impaction or colic and is also brought on 
 by exposure to cold and from eating the wrong kind of food, or it is sometimes 
 the result of giving irritating drtigs. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Whenever the abdominal pain is continuous instead of 
 spasmodic you can safely say it is inflammation of the bowels and not colic. 
 Apply mustard and water to the abdomen twice a day. Also give a teaspoon- 
 ful of laudanum, twenty drops of fluid extract of belladonna, four drops of 
 tincture of aconite and eight or ten ounces of raw linseed oil at a dose every 
 two hours until pain ceases. Also give two grains of calomel, one dose only. 
 DIARRHEA IN LAMBS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — If every ewe's udder could be washed clean just before the 
 young lambs suck, fewer lambs would have diarrhea and if the lambs' first 
 milk allowance could be somewhat limited, they would have less bowel 
 trouble; besides, young larfibs very often chill and this produces bowel 
 trouble. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The lamb should be given a small dose of castor oil or 
 sweet oil with a few drops of tincture of ginger or a teaspoonful of whiskey 
 or three drops of tincture of opium (laudanum) and, if necessary, give a few 
 drops of tincture of rhubarb, spirits of camphor and ginger or laudanum with 
 some whiskey. Treat an ailment of this kind in lambs just as if treating chil- 
 dren and you will be successful in relieving them. I have obtained good re- 
 sults by keeping the lamb perfectly quiet and changing its food and giving 
 one drop of creosote and three drops of fluid extract of cinnamon in some 
 of the mother's milk three or four times a day. 
 
 DYSENTERY.— Dysentery is caused by an inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the bowels. It is generally the result of neglected cases of diar- 
 rhea or eating bad food, which brings pn irritation of the bowels. It also fol- 
 lows giving too much cathartic medicine at a time and too often. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— There is some fever and loss of appetite and the bowel 
 movements are liquid and tinged with blood and have a bad odor. 
 
SHEEP— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 183 
 
 TREATMENT. — In the treatment of dysentery it is generally good prac- 
 tice to give two or three ounces of castor oil or sweet oil to clear out the 
 stomach and bowels. Also give a teaspoonful or more of tincture of opium 
 (laudanum), a teaspoonful of tincture of ginger and the same quantity of 
 tincture of catechu at a dose in a little warm water as a drench every two or 
 three hours until the bowel discharges lessen. It is always a good plan to 
 give preparations of iron for a few days. The sulphate of iron is the least 
 expensive and one-third of a teaspoonful given at a dose two or three times 
 a day in feed will act both as a tonic and bowel astringent. It is also impor- 
 tant to feed gruel for two or three days instead of whole grain or dry fodder. 
 CONSTIPATION.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Constipation comes from milking the ewe before she Iambs. 
 The milk then does not possess the same laxative properties which it would 
 if she had not been 'milked before lambing time. When the lambs are fed 
 cow's milk without its being diluted with water or sweetened, constipation 
 is likely to be the result. In lambs it is no doubt often the result of keeping 
 the ewes in a constipated state for some time before lambing. It is a good 
 plan to have the bowels open at lambing time and then your lambs will do 
 better. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The lamb bloats somewhat, is slightly distressed and 
 strains to move its bowels but fails in the effort. The first passage is gener- 
 ally waxy and adheres to the walls of the bowel, making, it almost impossible 
 for the weak young lamb to force the plug out; besides, the bowel seems to 
 be almost closed. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The first step is to use some sweet oil, raw Unseed oil, 
 soap, vaseline, fresh butter, or lard. Also give the lamb a small teaspoonful of 
 sweet oil at a dose two or three times a day until the bowels move easily. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CONSTIPATION IN LAMBS.— 
 
 1. Preventive. — For two or three days after lambing give the ewe each 
 day a warm mash made of a pint of bran with a tablespoonful of salt added. 
 This will prevent constipation in the lamb. 
 
 STOMACH WORMS. — Stomach worms trouble sheep more than the 
 breeder is inclined to believe; but, of course, if they are not numerous the 
 breeder may never know how much they bother the sheep. Lambs are more 
 often affected than old sheep. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The sheep that has stomach worms usually eats plenty 
 but loses flesh and becomes unthrifty. The bowels are generally too loose 
 but the sheep does not appear sick. The stomach worm is about % of 
 an inch long and is most often found in the fourth stomach of lambs and 
 sheep. It is not unusual to find a whole flock afflicted and sometimes it is 
 necessary to treat the whole flock. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The quickest and most satisfactory results are obtained 
 by giving three ounces of a solution made by adding one part of coal-tar 
 creosote to ninety or one hundred parts of water. Give a dose twice a week 
 for two weeks. Or, give a dessert spoonful of gasoline in three ounces of 
 sweet milk twice a week for two weeks, or give a teaspoonful of turpentine 
 in three ounces of sweet oil once a week for three weeks. Feed the sheep 
 one part of powdered sulphate of iron in thirty parts of salt once a week. 
 This will help your flock. It is also important to feed plentyof grain at such 
 times for the sheep are generally run down and need building up. 
 
184 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK, 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR WORMS.— 
 
 1. Salt and Sulphur. — Mix one part of sulphur with ten parts of salt and 
 keep before the sheep all the time and they will not be troubled with worms. 
 
 2. Salt and Turpentine. — Keep salt constantly before the sheep and frc' 
 quently sprinkle a few drops of turpentine over it. This will prevent worms 
 and ticks. 
 
 3. Coal-Tar Creosote. — Mix coal-tar creasote with thirty parts of w^Jter 
 and give one tablespoonful. Repeat this dose in 34 hours. 
 
 4. Milk and Gasoline. — Mix one part gasoline with ten parts of milk and 
 give a tablespoonful twice a day for two or three days. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR STAGGERS OR LOSS OF APPE- 
 TITE.— 
 
 1. Turpentine. — If the sheep has the staggers give it a teaspoonful of 
 turpentine. The dose seldom has to be repeated. 
 
 TAPEWORMS. — Tapeworms are more common in sheep in some local- 
 ities than in others. They vary in length from five to twenty feet. They are 
 perhaps one-twentieth part of an inch wide at the head and about % inch wide 
 at the tail. They are of a white color and are generally found in the small 
 intestines. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Sheep that have tapeworms usually scour, become blood- 
 less, have a white skin, show weakness and great emaciation and sometimes 
 die. The eyes are dull. The appetite is good but the sheep fails to thrive. 
 By watching the excrement, joints of the worm may be discovered. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Get the stomach and bowels empty. Give a teaspoon* 
 ful of powdered kamala and a teaspoonful of oiLof male fern in 3 ounces of 
 sweet oil as a drench twice a week until the tapeworm comes away. Another 
 very good remedy is two drams of kamala given in one ounce of castor oil on 
 an empty stomach. When treating for tapeworm be sure to fast the sheep to 
 have the stomach and bowels empty. In order to know if your treatment 
 proves effective keep them in a barn by themselves and examine their evacua- 
 tions closely and try to find the head of the tapeworm. If you have never 
 drenched a sheep before — let him stand in a natural position, avoid holding 
 the head too high and pour the medicine into the mouth slowly for fear a 
 portion of it will pass down the windpipe. If taken slowly it generally passes 
 into the fourth stomach where it should go. 
 
 SHEDDING TEMPORARY TEETH.— Between one and two years of 
 age the sheep sometimes have trouble in shedding some of their milk teeth. 
 When they do not eat well but show no symptoms of sickness, examine their 
 teeth and you will perhaps find a cap that requires removing and, if so, do not 
 hesitate to pull it out with a pair of pincers and the sheep will eat better at 
 once. 
 
 DISEASED TEETH.— It is very often necessary to pull a few remaining 
 front teeth in sheep after they have shed some of them. By so doing the gums 
 come together better than if these teeth were left in. The front teeth of sheep 
 seem to loosen and give out first. 
 
 FLUKE WORMS— FLUKE DISEASE— LIVER-ROT.— This affection 
 is a very destructive ailment of sheep and is determined by the presence of 
 flat-like parasites in the gall ducts. These parasites lay eggs in the gall ducts 
 and are passed out of the body and if deposited on certain damp lands they 
 soon multiply and infect all the sheep that graze on such land. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The sheep may thrive very well for a few weeks but soon 
 
SHEEP— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 185 
 
 begin to lose flesh and grow weak rapidly. The skin becomes soft and is 
 always pale and the eyes become a sort of yellow color. The wool drops out 
 easily and the sheep become dropsical and if the dung is examined large num- 
 bers of microscopic eggs are readily seen. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Drugs cut very little figure in the treatment of liver-rot 
 when many parasites have gained access to the system. The most important 
 step is to remove the sheep to a high and dry pasture for if kept on a wet low 
 one the whole flock will die. By feeding plenty of salt and draining your low 
 wet pastures you will obtain better results than by any other means. Keeping 
 the sheep off the infested fields at night and until all the dew has dried off the 
 following morning will go quite a ways toward lessening the death rate in your 
 sheep, but of course an infested pasture should be abandoned until the para- 
 sites die and sheep should never be turned into any kind of a meadow that is 
 not high and dry. It is a pretty good plan to feed diseased sheep some of the 
 following compound. Take powdered gentian, powdered anise seed, powdered 
 sulphate of iron and common salt, equal parts by weight, giving % a tea- 
 .spoonful at a dose to each sheep every day. Owing to the rapid spread of this 
 ailment it is sometimes good judgment to destroy sheep and abandon the 
 meadow for a year in order to stamp it out. Their bowel discharges should 
 be examined microscopically by a person who can tell when the liver fluke 
 parasite is present. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FLUKE WORMS.— 
 
 1. Sulphur, Salt and Ashes. — Keep before the sheep constantly a mixture 
 of equal parts of sulphur, salt and wood ashes. This will keep them in good 
 condition and prevent their being troubled with the fluke worm. 
 CHOKING.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Sheep are most often choked by eating vegetables that have 
 not been sliced properly or by eating dry meal too fast. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— When a sheep is choked it froths at the mouth, usually 
 bloats some, is unable to eat and sometimes has a spasm of the muscles of the 
 neck. 
 
 TREATMENT. — An effort should be made to assist them in swallowing 
 the obstruction and this is b6st done by giving thein oil or grease, and fifteen 
 drops of laudanum or fluid extract of belladonna should be added. It is 
 often necessary to pass a probang ; or, a rubber tube may be run down the 
 throat. It must not be forgotten that the throat and gullet are easily injured ; 
 therefore, care must be taken not to puncture them. After a choke feed gruel 
 or wet mash for ten days. 
 
 NODULAR DISEASE. — Nodular disease is quite prevalent all over this 
 country and is what butchers and sheep raisers call " knotty guts " and is quite 
 unlike all other ailments of sheep. The disease is caused by a small worm 
 from one-half to one inch in length and it seems to be an American species 
 for sheep seem to be free, or almost free, from this disease in Australia and 
 Germany. On examination the walls of the intestines are found covered with 
 small nodules filled with a greenish pus. These nodules are caused by a small 
 worm about the size of the stomach worm or smaller but it is not the adult 
 worm but its embryo that really produces this trouble. The way this disease 
 is spread is by allowing diseased sheep to graze on land that is used later by 
 sound sheep. Preventing the lambs from grazing behind their mothers will 
 help prevent their becoming diseased. It is the older sheep that are most 
 
186 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 aflfected with this disease but lambs frequently have a few nodules but not 
 enough to do much harm. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The most noticeable symptoms are much the same as 
 those presented in stomach worms and many times a correct diagnosis can 
 not be made until after death. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When in the advanced stages nothing can be done 
 that seems to cure nodular disease in sheep. Three ounces of a one per 
 cent, solution of coal-tar creosote, or a teaspoonful of gasoline in four ounces 
 of sweet milk, or two ounces of sweet oil once a week for three Weeks is sup- 
 posed to help them. Also, giving from fifteen to twenty-five grains of sul- 
 phate of iron at a dose in feed daily will help them. Plenty of good feed and 
 salting them well, at the same time giving tonics, are beneficial. 
 
 By inspecting the intestines of sheep at the different slaughtering estab- 
 lishments of this country and talking with both the United States and City 
 Meat Inspectors I find that nearly all the sheep that are slaughtered .show a 
 few nodules on the bowels which could have done no harm; but when they 
 have a great many their bowels are irritated, digestion interrupted, and the 
 animals grow weak. 
 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY OR 
 BREATHING ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Catarrh, Sore Throat, Distemper, Bronchitis, Filaria Bronchitis 
 
 and Pneumonia.) 
 
 CATARRH— COLD IN THE HEAD.— Catarrh is an inflammation of 
 the mucous membrane that lines the nasal and upper air passages. 
 
 CAUSES. — During the washing season and following the shearing of 
 sheep they are quite likely to suffer from cold in the head. It is also caused 
 by exposure in wet weather, and it also follows exposure to too much dust as 
 when traveling over dusty roads. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a discharge from the nose, some coughing, sneez- 
 ing and some loss of appetite. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If it is possible to find out the cause, do so, and remove 
 it, for this will do much for your sheep. Keep them in a dry comfortable 
 place, feed them well, keep their bowels open and give each sick one % tea- 
 spoonful of sulphate of iron, % teaspoonful of gentian root (ground or pow- 
 dered), one-fourth of a teaspoonful of flower sulphur and % teaspoonful of 
 powdered charcoal at a dose in feed or as a drench twice a day. A very good 
 condition powder to give sheep that have catarrh is made of powdered sulphate 
 of iron, gentian, ginger, fenugreek and baking soda ; use equal parts of each 
 by weight and give one-half teaspoonful to each sheep at a dose two or three 
 times a day. Feed some vegetables and keep their bowels open. 
 SORE THROAT.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Exposure to cold rain or snow storms, cooling the body sud- 
 denly, being in dust or being stabled in foul filthy barns are some of the most 
 common causes of sore throat in sheep. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^There is a poking out of the nose and soreness of the 
 throat and when pressure is applied there is generally some coughing. Usu- 
 ally some of the water returns through the nose when they drink. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply equal parts of turpentine, aqua ammonia and 
 either sweet oil or raw linseed oil to the throat once a day or you may apply 
 any good home liniment or apply one part kerosene and four parts of lard. 
 Steam the head with creosote or carbolic acid and hot water twice a day. 
 Also give two tablespoonfuls of the following gargle at a dose three times a 
 day. Dissolve two drams of chlorate of potash in a pint of water and give 
 according to above directions. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SORE MOUTH.— 
 
 1. Turpentine and Sweet Oil. — ^Without raising the sheep's nose, pour 
 one part turpentine and six parts sweet oil over the nose and mouth. Also 
 mix some salt and turpentine with bran and feed to those affected. 
 
 DISTEMPER. — Distemper in sheep is a disease very much like dis- 
 temper in horses and canine distemper in dogs and when a recovery does not 
 take place in two or three weeks it becomes malignant and not easily cured. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — This disease is usually preceded by a chill or chilly feel- 
 ing and is followed by some fever, a quickened heart action and some nasal 
 
 187 
 
188 THE PEOPLE'S* HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 discharge which soon thickens and sticks to the nostrils. When the disease 
 becomes aggravated, the discharge is thick and mixed with blood and there 
 is much prostration and the pulse is weak and breathing is difificult; they will 
 then die if not relieved soon. 
 
 TREATMENT. — A change of not only food but air is of great import- 
 ance in getting them well. They should be well fed on grain, clover hay, 
 vegetables and grass if possible. Give a teaspoonful of the following com- 
 pound powder at a dose in feed or water as a drench two or three times a day. 
 Mix gentian root, (powdered), ginger, granulated carbonate of ammonia and 
 charcoal. If they cough much give ten drops of tincture of opium, ten grains 
 of muriate of ammonia and ten drops of tincture of lobelia at a dose in feed or 
 water twice a day. It always helps them to steam the head, adding a little 
 creosote or carbolic acid to the hot water and this should be done daily. Their 
 noses should be washed out with weak salt-water. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. — Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages of 
 the lungs. 
 
 CAUSES. — Exposure to storms and dust; the presence of ■ filaria, or a 
 small thread-like worm, in the bronchial tubes and inhaling irritating gases 
 are causes of bronchitis. It is also caused by improper drenching of sheep 
 when some of the medicine goes down the windpipe instead of the gullet. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the animal in a comfortable pen free from dust. 
 Feed bran mash, vegetables or grass. Apply liniment to the chest. Give ten 
 drops of laudanum, ten drops of fluid extract of belladonna and forty drpps 
 of sweet spirits of nitre in three ounces of cold water as a drench three times 
 a day. It is helpful to give some whiskey, eggs, milk and oatmeal in the later 
 stages of this ailment, especially when the sheep are weak. 
 FILARIA BRONCHITIS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Fildria bronchitis is the result of small slim worms inhabiting 
 the bronchial tubes, thereby setting up irritation. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^There is always loss of appetite, rubbing of the nose and 
 quick breathing. Sometimes there is looseness of the bowels and generally 
 there is a husky, dry, hoarse cough. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give % teaspoonful of the following compound powder 
 to each sheep at a dose in feed or as a drench twice a day. Use equal parts 
 by weight of powdered sulphate of iron, ground ginger, gentian and flower 
 sulphur. Burn sulphur and let the sheep inhale the fumes, but be sure to re- 
 main in the room in order to see that they are not given too much. This 
 treatment should be given once a week for four weeks and it is a good plan 
 to keep the sick and healthy apart. Feed them plenty of nutritious food. 
 Fairly good results follow giving one-half teaspoonful of turpentine in thfee 
 tablespoonfuls of raw linseed oil twice a week. This will help them. Or, ask 
 your veterinary surgeon to inject, with a hypodermic syringe, five or six 
 drops of carbolic acid and ten drops of chloroform in a teaspoonful of sweet 
 oil into the windpipe, the one dose only ; or, you will find gasoline and sweet 
 oil produces quite good results, one-half teaspoonful of the gasoline in a 
 dessert spoonful of oil. When any mixture of this kind is put into the wind- 
 pipe, it produces some coughing and the sheep or calf should be kept in fresh 
 air until the dead worms are tinloaded. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR STRONGYLUS FILARIA.— 
 
 1. Turpentine and Linseed Oil. — Give one dram of turpentine in some 
 linseed oil. 
 
SHEEP—DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 189 
 
 2, Sulphur. — Burn some sulphur where the sheep will be compelled to 
 inhale the fumes, taking care not to suffocate them. This treatment should 
 be repeated once a day for three or four days. 
 
 PNEUMONIA. — Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung substance. 
 
 CAUSES. — An inflammation of the lungs very often follows congestion 
 of the lungs. It is the result of exposure to cold storms and is very often 
 associated with other diseases such as pleurisy, bronchitis and catarrhal 
 affections of the air passages. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite, great thirst, quick breathing, 
 some coughing and a quick pulse which generally grows weaker. By sound- 
 ing the chest with the ear placed to the side, back of the shoulders, a grating 
 sound will be heard. 
 
 TREATMENT.-^Place the animal in a clean well-ventilated pen, not 
 in a basement. It should not be forgotten that fresh air and cold water are 
 two of the essentials in treating pneumonia. Also give aconite to reduce the 
 fever, or give saltpeter in the drinking water. Also give tonics or stimulants 
 as the case seems to demand. Good nursing and plenty of fresh air are two 
 important things to look after. Also give tonics and stimulants in the later 
 period of their sickness. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PNEUMONIA.— 
 
 1. Quinine, Whiskey, Saltpeter and Aconite. — Every six hours give .*? 
 grains of quinine in half an ounce of whiskey and every four hours give 
 2 grains of saltpeter and 2 drops of aconite. Begin giving the first mixture 
 and wait one hour before beginning with the second remedy. 
 
DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Lambing and Attending Difficulties, Garget, Cleaning, 
 
 Castration, Etc.) 
 
 LAMBING. — The usual period of gestation in ewes is from 145 to 165 
 days but inost ewes lamb in about 155 days. In order to tell when ewes have 
 been mated the ram is generally painted on his breast and brisket ; some of this 
 paint is left on the ewe when served; so, if close watch is kept, you can tell 
 pretty nearly when the ewe will lamb. After the ewe has been pregnant three 
 months the udder usually commences to fill, especially if she is young, but 
 if old she does not make bag so early. When ewes are making preparations to 
 lamb they generally leave the rest of the flock and appear uneasy, pawing 
 the ground, lying down and getting up and bleating as if looking for their 
 lamb. Very soon the water bag breaks which is followed by labor pains and 
 the expulsion of the lamb. 
 
 DIFFICULT LAMBING.— It is seldom necessary to help a ewe to lamb 
 and she should never be assisted unless you believe it is necessary for when she 
 is taken hold of and frightened it sometimes causes her to cease having labor 
 pains and greatly delays matters, then the operator fails to get the necessary 
 assistance from her he otherwise would have had if her pain had kept up. The 
 forelegs should come first with the nose between and when a lamb comes this 
 way the ewe seldom has any trouble, but the forelegs may come with the head 
 turned back, or one leg and head, or one foreleg and a hind one may come 
 first. Or, she may have twins and a leg of each comes at the same time. 
 Therefore, whoever assists her should study the situation and take steps to 
 put the lamb in a normal position, th^n she can soon be relieved. It is 
 always good practice to use some disinfectant or carbolized lard or oil and 
 warm water; besides, the hand should be clean and the nails cut short. 
 Push the lamb back into the uterus with either a crutch or the hand and put 
 it into a normal position ; never use too much force for fear of injuring the 
 ewe. Every sheep breeder should have some handy instruments for use in 
 such cases. A great many lambs die from getting chilled when they are born. 
 Their lives could have been saved by keeping the ewes in a warm place. If 
 you find a lamb a few hours old that is chilled, dip it in warm water, a 
 little warmer than body heat, then wrap it in a woolen cloth until it dries 
 and keep it in a heated room for a few days. 
 GARGET— MAMMITIS— INFLAMMATION OF UDDER.— 
 
 CAUSES. — The deep udders of sheep which are easy milkers are most 
 commonly affected with garget and it is generally the result of infection or 
 injury or too much cold air or moisture, producing congestion followed by 
 an inflammation of the bag. When an udder is infected the bacteria gen- 
 erally creep through the teat opening; this is why so many free milkers are 
 diseased. Of course bacteria may reach the udder of ma^y sheep, and no 
 doubt they do, without doing very much harm but in many cases they seem 
 to set up an active inflammation which is not easily subdued. Butting lambs 
 which bruise their mothers' bag and also over-feeding cause the udder to in- 
 
 190 
 
SHEEP— DISEASES OF GENERATIVE ORGANS. • 191 
 
 flame. Any severe injury may cause a simple case of garget but the majority 
 of cases show germs or bacteria in the diseased quarter. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a tense, hard bunch in one or more quarters 
 of the udder, increased heat in the bag, some fever, loss of appetite and quick 
 breathing which is the result of pain. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Support the udder with a bandage, apply hot fomenta- 
 tions early and often for they give good results, and irrigate the udder with 
 one part bi-chloride of mercury and one thousand parts of clean water once a 
 day. It is also good practice to inflate the blocked quarter with oxygen or 
 sterilized air if nothing else will open it. This may be done by pumping 
 oxygen or air into the udder with a bicycle pump. I have obtained good re- 
 sults from applications of hot raw linseed oil or camphorated oil. Gentle 
 hand-rubbing will always help a caked bag and giving small doses of iodide 
 of potassium will help to clear it. Grain should not be fed to sheep while their 
 udders are much inflamed and it is important to keep the bowels open and 
 active. 
 
 CLEANING— THE PLACENTA NOT COMING AWAY.— The pla- 
 centa, or cleaning, should come away very soon after lambing but if it does 
 not, it should be pulled away gently. However, I like to wait five or ten 
 hours before taking it away. If you give any medicine it should be a laxa- 
 tive of either epsom salts, sweet oil or raw linseed oil; salts is the best. 
 If the bowels are open and active it is not good practice to give a cathartic. 
 I have obtained good results by giving one-dram doses of tincture of ergot 
 but it is seldom necessary. 
 
 EVERSION OF THE WOMB.— Eversion of the womb is usually the re- 
 sult of violent straining when lambing or soon after, or it may be the result of 
 weakness. Whenever it occurs the parts should be kept very clean. This is 
 best done by placing a towel under the uterus and washing the womb with one 
 part carbolic acid and one hundred parts tepid water. After you have cleaned 
 the uterus, elevate her hind parts and gently return the uterus. The hind parts 
 should be elevated three or four inches higher than the fore parts. Two or 
 three stitches should be taken in the upper part of the vulva and left in for a 
 week. A surcingle placed around her waist will prevent her displacing the 
 parts and if she is in any pain give one dram of laudanum every hour or two 
 until pain ceases. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLES.— Inflammation of the testi- 
 cles is generally the result of an injury. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — On account of the pain the ram usually stands. The 
 scrotum is swollen and tender and his appetite is poor. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Suspend his testicles in a bandage or net. Foment 
 with hot water and apply equal parts of extract of witch hazel, alcohol and 
 hot water ; or, dissolve one ounce of sugar of lead in a quart of water and ap- 
 ply several times a day. Give epsom salts to open the bowels and feed cooling, 
 laxative food. In some cases pus forms and when it does it should be allowed 
 to escape and the scrotum should be washed out with peroxide of hydrogen 
 and later with carbolic acid and water, one part acid and fifty of water. 
 
 CASTRATING LAMBS. — Lambs should be castrated when they are 
 five or six days old. The operation is exceedingly simple and it is best done 
 by having an assistant hold the lamb. Cut. off quite a portion of the pouch. 
 This 'is easily done with either a sharp knife or scissors. Then pull out the 
 
193 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 testicle, either altogether or well out, and cut off the cord. Then apply 
 one part carbolic acid and fifty parts water or blow on equal parts of iodoform 
 and boric acid. When operating always clean your knife or scissors and dip 
 them into carbolic acid one part and water fifty parts. Be sure to clean your 
 tools after each operation for fear of one sheep poisoning another. 
 
 CASTRATING RAMS.— When castrating an old ram it is well to keep 
 in mind that there is danger of his bleeding to death if the operation is not 
 performed properly. Throw the animal down and roll him on his back and 
 then tie his legs or have him held. Either cut off the end of the sack or make 
 a bold incision into the scrotum to allow the testicle to escape; then cut the 
 attachment with a knife, pull out the cord and cut it off with either an emas- 
 culator or ecraseur, or it will perhaps bt more convenient to tie a silk or 
 linen string around the cord, leaving the ends long and hanging out of the 
 body so that the string will fall out of the body when the end of the cord sloughs 
 off. Wash the wound with carbolic acid, one part, and water, fifty parts ; or, 
 dust in iodoform and boric acid twice a day. The knife and hands of the 
 operator should be kept clean and the knife should be put into carbolic acid 
 and water before it is used. Always wash the knife before it is used on a 
 second sheep for fear of infection. The wound should be dressed once of 
 twice a day. 
 
VARIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 (Including Foot-Rot, Grubs in the Head, Ticks, Scab, Sore Eyes, Swollen 
 Feet, Docking, Maggots, Wool-Shedding, Hydrophobia, Lockjaw, Etc.) 
 
 FOOT-ROT. — Foot-rot is a contagious disease caused by a micro- 
 organism and is always made worse by standing in manure or filth or 
 from wearing the hoofs too close or from running on soft boggy pastures and 
 there are many other causes which may bring on simple foot-rot that may not 
 be the contagious kind. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In nearly all cases there is some lameness and in many 
 cases severe lameness. The heat of the foot will tell you which is the sore 
 one. It may be the result of injury and only foul in the foot, or it may be 
 non-contagious. 
 
 TRE.\TMENT. — In case there is only superficial rawness either be- 
 tween the claws or on the back part of the heel, touch the sore with one 
 part of sulphuric acid and four parts of water, then smear the sore with pine- 
 tar, cover with oakum, and bandage. I have found sugar of lead and water 
 very good. Use an ounce o sugar of lead to a quart of water and it should 
 be applied daily. It is ofte necessary to trim oiif some of the horn to get 
 at the sore parts. When y u are sure the case is one of contagious foot-rot 
 stand the sheep in a saturated solution of bluestone (sulphate of copper) 
 for ten or twelve minutes and thi§ mixture should be at blood heat. If 
 there are any very raw sores touch them with crude carbolic acid, muriatic 
 acid or nitrate of silver or with a red hot iron. The feet should be kept clean 
 and the diseased sheep kept away from the well ones and well fed. If they do 
 not eat well give vegetable tonics. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FOOT-ROT.— 
 
 1. Blue Vitriol; — Put four inches of water into a tank and add all the 
 blue vitriol it will dissolve. Cut away all diseased parts of the foot and let 
 each sheep stand in this solution for ten or fifteen minutes and then apply 
 chloride of lime and fill the cleft with a piece of tow long enough to tie to 
 the foot. The lime should be renewed daily until a cure is effected. The 
 farmer sending this recipe lives at Windham, Ohio. He says : " Using 
 this recipe once was worth over one hundred dollars to me. At an auction 
 I bought' a flock of over fifty sheep for one dollar per head as they were so 
 badly diseased with foot-rot that no one else would buy them. I took them 
 home, used this treatment thoroughly and finally cured them and sold them for 
 three dollars per head, which made me a profit of two dollars per head on over 
 fifty sheep." 
 
 It is only necessary to add that it is the farmer who knows the most about 
 stock, their diseases and how to cure them that makes the most money. Nowa- 
 days the farmer should be as wide awake and up-to-date as the business 
 man if he expects to make the greatest success. 
 
 2. Turpentine. — Clean the foot carefully and pour turpentine freely 
 upon the affected parts. 
 
 3. Arsenic. — Drive the sheep through a long trough containing one-half 
 pound of arsenic to five gallons of water. 
 
 ^13 193 
 
394 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 4. Carbolic Acid and Corrosive Sublimate. — Construct a long trough 
 and fill to the depth of three or four inches with water to which has been 
 added an ounce of carbolic acid and two drams of corrosive sublimate to each 
 quart pf water. Drive the sheep through this trough once a week until cured. 
 
 GRUBS IN THE HEAD.— The grub in the head of sheep is the larva 
 of a small gadfly (CEstrus Ovis) which deposits its live embryo on the 
 margin of the nostrils. It passes up the nasal cavities into the sinuses and 
 nests just below the eyes. It is during the hot months of July, August and 
 September that these gadflies bother sheep most. These larvje remain 
 in the sinuses all winter and come out in the spring and in three or four weeks 
 turn into gadflies. During the summer when these flies are bothering 
 sheep it is a good plan to allow the sheep to run on a plowed field in order 
 that they can push their noses into the earth and prevent being infested. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is generally more or less irritation of the nose 
 with some discharge and when there are many of the larvae they produce 
 dizziness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Place your sheep in a warm building and this will 
 induce the grubs to come out ; or, blow some Scotch snuflf into the nose twice 
 a day; or, burning some red pepper will cause sneezing and dislodge some of 
 them. By far the better treatment is a preventive one. During the gadfly 
 season keep the sheep in a dark shaded stable in the daytime. Plow a few 
 furrows to give the sheep loose earth to rub the nose in. Put tar on the 
 nose and it is better to add some fish oil to it. It is well to keep in mind 
 that grubs usually come out of the sinuses in the spring but if they do 
 not the only successful treatment is to cut (trephine) through the bones of 
 the face between the eye and the median line of the face or just in front of 
 the horn if the animal has horns. The sinuses should then be washed out with 
 weak salt water at about the temperature of the body and kept up until the 
 grubs are dislodged. Sheep that have grubs in the head should be well fed 
 and should be treated in due time. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR GRUBS IN THE HEAD.— 
 
 1. Sulphur. — Burn sulphur near the sheep so that they will inhale the 
 fumes. They should inhale enough to cause coughing but not enough to 
 suffocate them. 
 
 2. Kerosene. — Pour half a teaspoonful of kerosene oil into each nostril 
 if the sheep are suffering with grubs in the head. 
 
 3. Preventive. — To keep the gadfly away from the sheep put some pine- 
 tar on their noses during the fly season. 
 
 TICKS. — The sheep tick is an insect with which every farmer is familiar. 
 The female drops one egg at a time, therefore ticks do not multiply very 
 rapidly. When sheep are shorn, kill the ticks or they will get upon the lambs 
 for protection and bother the flock for a whole year . 
 
 TREATMENT. — The same remedies recommended for scab will kill 
 ticks. One dipping is generally all that is required to kill them. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR TICKS.— 
 
 1. Sulphur, Salt and Saltpeter. — With 5 pounds of salt mix 1 pound of 
 sulphur and 1/4 pound of saltpeter. Keep this where the sheep can get it 
 at all times and they will not be troubled with ticks or skin diseases. 
 
 2. Sulphur, Salt and Wood Ashes.— Mix equal parts of sulphur, salt 
 and wood ashes. Keep this mixture before the sheep all the time and it will 
 keep them in good condition and prevent both ticks and fluke worms. 
 
SHEEP— VARIOUS DISEASES. 195 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LOUPING ILL.— 
 
 1. Tobacco and Salt. — The louping ill is caused by ticks which may be 
 lemoved by washing the sheep with a strong tea made from tobacco. Add 
 some salt to this tobacco tea and it will be all the more effective. 
 
 2. Turpentine. — Turpentine will destroy the ticks that cause this trouble. 
 
 3. Creosote and Linseed Oil. — Wash the sheep with a solution of one 
 part creosote to four parts linseed oil. 
 
 INFLAMED EYES— OPHTHALMIA.— Sheep are very often troubled 
 with sore eyes. Bathe the eyes with hot or cold water three times a day for 
 thirty minutes at a time and apply a saturated solution of boric acid. This 
 is prepared by dissolving all the boric acid the water will take up and this 
 should be applied after using the water. Another very good eye wash is 
 made by dissolving 4 grains of nitrate of silver and one grain of atropia in 
 one ounce of rain water. I have also obtained good results by blowing some 
 calomel into the eyes occasionally, when milder remedies had failed. 
 
 SCAB. — Scab is a skin disease very similar to mange in horses and itch 
 in man. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is produced by a very small insect which irritates the skin 
 and soon burrows beneath the cuticle, producing some discharge that dries 
 and forms a sort of crust to protect these parasites and this causes the 
 wool to slough off. These scab germs multiply quite rapidly, producing 
 great irritation and emaciation and frequently death. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are uneasiness and trying to bite or rub 
 the shoulder or parts most affected, showing that there must be intense 
 itching. If you will examine the skin you will see that there is a watery 
 exudation but you will fail to see the scab insects unless you use a micro- 
 scope or powerful magnifying glass. You will soon notice several of your 
 sheep scratching, for scab is highly infectious and soon goes through a 
 flock. The wool usually drops off in bunches leaving a bare patch. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In order to cure scab you must dip the sheep and 
 it should be done thoroughly. Nearly all the coal-tar disinfectants on the 
 market will cure scab, but I believe they should not be diluted as much as 
 their directions state. In most cases make the solution one-third to one- 
 half stronger than prescribed and you will lessen your work and cure the 
 scab more quickly. A very effectual dip is prepared by making a decoction 
 of tobacco, twelve pounds leaf tobacco and eight pounds sulphur in fifty or 
 sixty gallons of hot water. Dip the sheep in this when it is a little warmer 
 than body heat, leaving the sheep in the dip not less than four or five minutes. 
 The United States Government issued a bulletin telling how to make the 
 lime and sulphur dip for scab in sheep and you would "make no mistake in 
 sending for this bulletin. If you use the lime and sulphur dip, do not leave 
 the sheep in the dip more than two minutes at a time. It is a good plan to 
 dip your sheep every ten days or two weeks for four or five weeks. When 
 sheep are dipped for scab the ticks are killed. Galvanized iron or concrete 
 dipping vats are the best. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SCAB.— 
 
 1. Lard, Oil of Tar and Sulphur. — Gradually mix % pound of oil of tar 
 with 1 pound of sulphur and then add 2 pounds of lard and rub together to 
 form an ointment. This ointment is an effective remedy for scab in sheep. 
 
 2. Tobacco. — Wash the sheep thoroughly with strong tobacco tea. 
 
196 THE PEOPLE'S HoME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 3. Wood Soot and Turpentine. — Mix a little turpentine and wood soot 
 and add to their grain when feeding if the sheep have the scab. 
 SWOLLEN FEET.— 
 
 CAUSES. — When a sheep has a swollen foot it is generally the result of 
 an injury of some kind, and by close inspection you can tell what is wrong. 
 Very often the biplex canal in the front and upper part of the foot becomes 
 inflamed and red, causing the coronet and pastern to swell. When this occurs 
 the toes are usually apart and the foot is quite tender. Examine the foot 
 foi foreign bodies and treat as if it were a case of simple foul. Sometimes 
 a few applications of tincture of iodine will efifect a cure. The coal-tar dis- 
 intectants, when applied full strength, act very well. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR FOUNDER.— 
 
 1. Castor Oil and Soapsuds. — Give the sheep two tablespoonfuls of 
 warm castor oil and inject the bowels with warm soapsuds. This treatment 
 may be repeated in two hours if necessary. 
 
 2. Raw Linseed Oil and Soapsuds. — Inject the bowels with warm soap- 
 suds and give two tablespoonfuls of raw linseed oil. Repeat in an hour and 
 a half or two hours if not relieved. 
 
 FRACTURES OR BROKEN BONES.— When sheep fracture the limbs, 
 the bones should be put back into place and a Paris plaster bandage applied 
 and the sheep kept fairly quiet. You can purchase plaster bandages already 
 prepared for use and there is no reason why farmers cannot apply them. 
 Fractures of young sheep heal rapidly and a bony union generally takes plaice 
 if the bones are held in position. Treat fractures in sheep the same as in 
 other animals. 
 
 DOCKING. — Docking in lambs should be done when they are only a 
 few days old unless they are' to be marketed before they are three months 
 old. The tail can be cut off easily with one stroke of a knife or with docking 
 pinphers or with a mallet and chisel. In order that the flesh may drop over 
 the end of the tail after it is cut oflf, draw the skin and flesh well forward 
 towards the body, then cut it oflf and the flesh will drop over the end of the 
 tail and make a better looking tail ; besides, the lamb suflfers less when the 
 operation is performed in this way. When the old lambs are docked it is 
 necessary to cord tail them to stop bleeding, leaving the string on for 24 
 hours. It is also good practice to apply one part coal-tar disinfectant and 
 four parts of vaseline to the end of the tail. When the operation is per- 
 formed, if the tail bleeds too much burn the end with a red hot iron or apply 
 some of Monsel's solution or apply either hot or cold water. 
 
 MAGGOTS IN WOUNDS.— Maggots are very likely to get into wounds 
 in sheep if the sores are neglected and not kept clean and properly treated. 
 Blow-flies are the cause. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all, clean the wound and apply one part of car- 
 bolic acid and thirty parts of water, or apply tincture of myrrh ; or, drop four 
 ounces of sugar of lead, three ounces of sulphate of zinc, and two ounces of 
 carbolic acid into three quarts of water and apply twice a day. Another very 
 good plan is to clip oflf all the wool tags which hold dirt and filth and apply 
 diluted carbolic acid, adding a little turpentine, camphor and asafcetida, or 
 apply diluted kerosene. 
 WOOL-SHEDDING.— 
 
 CAUSES.— Keeping sheep too warm and feeding them too much stim- 
 ulating food will cause them to shed some wool. 
 
SHEEP— VARIOUS DISEASES. 197 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Whenever the wool commences to drop off there is a 
 reason and generally a good one. Reduce their grain allowance, keep them 
 in a cooler place and salt them well, and the wool will soon stop dropping off. 
 Give five drops of Fowler's solution of arsenic and thirty drops of fluid ex- 
 tract of sarsaparilla at a dose in feed twice a day, or give 1/4 teaspoonful baking 
 soda at a dose twice a day. It is also a good plan to feed some vegetables and 
 in some cases give fifteen grains of sulphur at a dose in feed twice a day, or 
 give some saltpeter. 
 
 HYDROPHOBIA— RABIES.— Hydrophobia, or rabies, is quite common 
 in sheep for if bitten by a mad dog or other rabid animal they seem to be 
 easily infected. As there is no remedy for this ailment all sheep bitten should 
 be destroyed for fear of their doing damage. The preventive is altogether too 
 expensive to apply to sheep but it should be given to man if he has been bitten 
 by any animal that has rabies. 
 TETANUS— LOCKJAW.— 
 
 CAUSES. — It must be understood that tetanus is caused by a germ which 
 makes its way into the circulation or blood of an animal or person. The most 
 common abode for this bacillus is in rich fertile garden soil or filth ; therefore, 
 in treating wounds on animals they should be protected so as to make it im- 
 possible for these germs to enter the body. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is great stiffness, locking of the jaws, hardening of 
 the muscles and quick breathing. The sheep is unable to walk and generally 
 dies in a day or two. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The best drugs to give partial relief are belladonna or 
 henbane (hyoscyamus) but it is well to keep in mind that we have no certain 
 remedy for tetanus, but we can prevent it by immunizing the animal for a 
 few weeks when he suffers from a wound low down on the body. 
 
HOGS. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Indigestion, Diarrhea, Constipation, Worms, Fits in Pigs, 
 Rupture, Liver Disease, Black Teeth, Hog Cholera, Etc.) 
 
 THE STOMACH OF THE PIG.^The stomach of the pig is simple, yet 
 it performs the functions of both carnivorous and ruminating animals. The 
 saliva of the pig is quite active, continuing after it reaches the stomach to assist 
 in digesting starchy food. Therefore, the pig fattens on cereals more rapidly 
 than other animals but it takes him longer to digest meat than it does the 
 carnivora and, as he does not masticate vegetables as well as herbiverous and 
 ruminating animals, he does not extract the same nutriment from them that 
 they do. The intestines of a hog are not nearly so sensitive as those of the 
 horse ; therefore, they are less likely to become diseased. The stomach of the 
 hog possesses wonderful digestive powers. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH— GASTRITIS.— In all mild 
 cases the mucous membrane of the stomach is inflamed but in severe cases the 
 muscular parts are involved. This is not a very common ailment in hogs 
 on account of their stomachs not being easily inflamed. 
 
 CAUSES. — Gastritis is generally the result of giving caustic or irritating 
 drugs and is often associated with other ailments. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is generally some vomiting, more or less pain and 
 uneasiness, and some thirst. The end of the nose is dry, as is also the skin ; 
 the urine is of a brown color; the tongue is covered with a fur and the pig 
 sometimes coughs. In some cases of gastritis the hog lives only a few hours, 
 that is, if he has been poisoned with drugs. 
 
 -TREATMENT. — Give carbonate of soda if he h^s been given acid and 
 give vinegar to counteract the effect of an alkali; or, give milk if you have 
 nothing else, adding 25 or 30 drops of tincture of opium. Let him have plenty 
 of cold water and if he is weak give him some black coflfee and whiskey. If 
 you believe he is full of indigestible food give two ounces of castor oil to clean 
 him out. If there is very much vomiting, give^ 30 drops of the medicinal solu- 
 tion of prussic acid, or a few drops of wine of ipecac, or some strong black 
 coffee. After the acute symptoms pass oflf give plenty of milk and water with 
 some oatmeal added. 
 INDIGESTION.— 
 
 CAUSES. — The pig very often suffers from attacks of indigestion for 
 want of exercise, because of being fed too long on one kind of food or because 
 of eating decomposed meat or food of poor quality. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is either partial or complete loss of appetite in 
 most cases ; however, I have known them to crave filthy food that they would 
 not care for when well. This shows it to be a sort of acidity of the stomach 
 and the hog was hunting to find a remedy. The bowels are either costive or 
 too loose. In some cases the pig coughs and in young pigs they often have 
 
 198 
 
HOGS— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 199 
 
 fits. In most cases they have some fever and the urine is scanty and of a 
 brown" color. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In most cases it is good practice to give a cathartic, es- 
 pecially if the hog is constipated. If the bowels are loose, give castor oil or 
 raw linseed oil and if costive, giv'e epsom salts. The dose of salts is from one 
 to two ounces and castor oil is given in the same quantity; however, in all 
 cases you must use your own good judgment as to the dose. "Tincture of 
 rhubarb and tincture of opium and ginger act well in cases of too much bowel 
 action. If the pig is troubled with vomiting give him one-half teacupful of 
 strong black coffee, or two or three drops of wine of ipecac, or twelve drops 
 of nitro-muriatic acid in a little water or give five drops of creosote or carbolic 
 acid in cold water. Ginger, peppermint and baking soda are all remedies which 
 assist in correcting stomach disorders. Powdered wood charcoal is another 
 simple home remedy that always helps hogs with indigestion. 
 
 ACUTE INDIGESTION.— Acute indigestion follows fast eating of food 
 to which the animal is unaccustomed; eating too much at a time; or from a 
 fermentation of what the animal has eaten, causing bloating and great distress. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a teaspoonful of hypo-sulphite of soda every hour 
 until the bloat goes down, or give a tablespoonful of aromatic spirits of am- 
 monia every hour. Do not give baking soda for bloat as this is a mistake that 
 is often made by stock raisers. After the acute attack passes ofif give a table- 
 spoonful of powdered charcoal and a teaspoonful of ginger at a dose in feed 
 two or three times a day. 
 
 CHRONIC INDIGESTION— STUNTED.— Changing young pigs from 
 their mothers' milk to grain stunts a great many of them ; also, when grain is 
 taken away from pigs and an insufficient quantity of nutritious food is furn- 
 ished them they may become stunted. It can be safely stated that nearly all 
 pigs are wormy ; some of them have far too many worms and when you see a 
 pig eating plenty of rich nourishing food and not growing but seemingly 
 getting thinner you can safely suspect him of having lots of worms. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If you believe he is wormy, treat for worms; if he is 
 sick, try to diagnose his ailment and treat for it ; however, it is generally well 
 to give him a dose of castor oil and a teaspoonful of the following compound 
 condition powder for hogs. Take equal parts by weight of ground gentian 
 root, ground ginger, baking soda and powdered charcoal, and in some cases 
 add powdered copperas. Aldose should be given in feed three times a day, also 
 salt them well. It is needless to speak of the importance of feeding a good 
 quality of food until' they commence to grow. 
 
 MORBID APPETITE. — Hogs that eat enormous quantities of food or 
 that eat rubbish unfit for any animal to eat are in an abnormal condition and 
 seldom lay on flesh. In many cases it is due to acidity of the stomach. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In all such cases the stomach should be rested and the 
 hog put on an easily digested diet. Mix equal parts by weight of powdered 
 sulphate of iron, ground gentian, ginger, baking soda and charcoal, and give 
 the hog a teaspoonful at a dose in feed two or three times a day. In many 
 cases it is good practice to give a cathartic of either epsom salts or castor 
 oil to open the bowels. ^ ^ ... 
 
 ENTERITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS.— Enteritis is 
 an inflammation of the bowels ; however, in most cases only a portion of the 
 bowels are inflamed. This is quite a fatal ailment in pigs. 
 
 CAUSES.— It is often the result of constipation, colds, injuries, eating 
 
200 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 irritating substances and drinking impure water and it may result from other 
 diseases. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite, thirst, fever, pain, dryness of the 
 mouth, looseness of the bowels with some blood, sometimes vomiting, and al- 
 ways some weakness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When the bowels are too loose give twenty or thirty 
 drops of tincture of opium and when they are costive give epsom salts. Very 
 often it helps to give four tablespoonfuls of castor oil to clear out the stomach 
 and bowels. In some cases small doseS' of calomel help to effect a cure. 
 Apply mustard and water to the abdomen every day and, if it is possible, keep 
 the hog or pig on liquid food for a few days. 
 
 COLIC. — Colic in hogs is not a very common ailment and when it does 
 occur it is generally the result of changing from a digestible diet to one that is 
 less so, thereby causing fermentation, and it also follows exposure. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Sitting on haunches, shifting position, moving head from 
 side to side, sometimes bloating, grunting, and squealing are symptoms. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Any home colic remedy acts well on the hog. Give 
 laudanum in twenty-drop doses. Essence of peppermint, ginger, whiskey, 
 aromatic spirits of ammonia or some camphorated tincture of opium will help 
 to give relief. 
 
 VOMITING. — ^Vomiting is the act of ejecting food or material from the 
 stomach, accomplished by contraction of the stomach with perhaps some con- 
 traction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is generally the result of an irritation or inflammation of 
 the stomach ; however, it may also be the result of some nervous disorder. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Without knowing the cause it is not an easy matter to 
 tell what to give; however, try coffee, aromatic spirits of ammonia, pepper- 
 mint, laudanum, ginger, wine of ipecac, a few drops of creosote or carbolic 
 acid in water, or soda or a few drops of chloroform. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM THE STOMACH.— Bleeding from the stomach is 
 generally attended with vomiting of blood but is not very common in the pig. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is most likely the result of injuries. It may be caused 
 by swallowing a bone with a sharp end and thus wounding the stomach. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite and vomiting or passing of blood. 
 Examine the blood and if dark colored and mixed with some food it comes 
 from the stomach, while if it is from the lungs it will be of a brighter red color. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Drop a grain or two of sugar of lead and ten drops of 
 laudanum into a teaspoonful of cold water and give this quantity at a dose 
 every two or three hours ; or give a teaspoonful of fluid extract of ergot ; or 
 give ten or fifteen drops of Monsell's solution in water every two or three 
 hours. 
 DIARRHEA.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Diarrhea is caused by eating food that ferments, eating irri- 
 tating things, too much action of the liver, effete material in the blood, or too 
 much exercise on a hot day. In fact, when the stomach is full, any cause 
 which will produce excessive bowel action may cause diarrhea. Weakness of 
 the bowels may be the cause and young pigs very often scour on account of 
 their mothers eating certain kinds of food. Diarrhea is not really a disease 
 but a result of other ailments. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In simple cases the bowels act too freely and the excre- 
 ment is liquid but there is no disease. When there is much pain or loss of 
 
HOGS— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 301 
 
 appetite or when the liver is much affected the passages will be of a yellow 
 color and when there is vomiting and straining it is very often due to too 
 much acid. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If you can tell what caused this bowel trouble and re-, 
 move it they soon get well. Give a small dose of castor oil or sweet oil to 
 clean out the stomach and bowels and follow this with fifteen or twenty drops 
 of spirits of camphor and twenty or twenty-five drops of laudanum and repeat 
 these doses every two or three hours until the excessive bowel movements are 
 checked. When the purging has been going on for some time it is not neces- 
 sary to give oil. I have given a grain of powdered opidm and four grains of 
 sugar of lead every three hours and found that it acted well. All home reme- 
 dies that are given in human practice for diarrhea can be given to hogs with 
 equally good results. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SCOURS IN PIGS.— 
 
 1. Copperas. — Give the sow % teaspoonful of copperas in a little swill. 
 Do not feed her much slop until after the pigs are weaned. 
 
 2. Air-Slaked Lime. — Give the pig a tablespoonful of air-slaked lime .v\ro 
 or three times a week in the slop. 
 
 DYSENTERY. — Dysentery is an inflammation of the mucous membrane 
 of the bowels with frequent bowel movements and with some blood in the 
 excrement and some scales of mucus. There is also some i)owel pain. 
 
 CAUSES. — It often follows eating putrid, rotten meat or decayed vege- 
 tables and lying in cold damp places. Worms, a torpid liver, and constipation 
 also cause it. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is some uneasiness, dullness, loss of appetite, and 
 some pain, and there are passages of dry excrement at first, then the move- 
 ments are thin and tinged with either mucus or blood. There is always some 
 fever and some bloating and the longer the disease lasts the stronger will be 
 the smell of the excrement. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a good large dose of castor oil to clean out the 
 stomach and bowels ; also give calomel and a few grains of powdered opium, 
 or 25 drops of laudanum. A teaspoonful of ginger, three grains of quinine, 
 or one ounce of whiskey in the last part of their sickness does them good. 
 Give three times a day. 
 
 CONSTIPATION. — The bowels of hogs should move about so often 
 and if they do not we say they are constipated. Constipation soon causes 
 the bowels to become somewhat impaired and unfit to perform their normal . 
 work. 
 
 CAUSES. — An accumulation of hard excrement or other substance in 
 the bowels is often brought on by over-feeding and under exercising of hogs 
 and if not relieved produces irritation and inflammation. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give castor oil in two-ounce doses every twelve hours 
 until relief is obtained; or give epsom salts with some senna added; or give 
 any of the reliable compound cathartic pills which are used by man and they 
 will give good results. If the pig is weak give tonics and stimulants. Give 
 food of a laxative nature for a few days after an attack of constipation and be 
 sure to exercise the hog. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CONSTIPATION.— 
 
 1. Salt and Wood-Ashes. — Feed plenty of salt and wood ashes and the 
 hogs will not be troubled with constipation. 
 
202 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 2. Epsom Salts. — Give four ounces of epsom salts if the hogs are con- 
 stipated. Also give an injection. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LAMENESS,— 
 
 1. Sulphur and Epsom Salts. — To a very large hog give two teaspoon- 
 fuls each of sulphur and epsom salts in the feed three times a day until the 
 bowels are thoroughly opened. 
 
 2. Salt and Ashes. — Keep salt and wood ashes before the hogs all the 
 time and they will be troubled with neither lameness nor constipation. 
 
 OBSTRUCTION OF THE BOWELS.— By obstruction of the bowels 
 is meant their blocking with some impediment, preventing the free passage 
 of feces. 
 
 CAUSES. — The hog very often eats food of an indigestible nature and 
 frequently picks up coal and cinders. Besides, concretions seem to form 'in 
 the bowels and tumors grow and obstruct the passage of excrement. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The attack may come on suddenly, creating severe pain 
 and uneasiness. There is some vomiting and bloating, followed by inflamma- 
 tion of the bowels and death. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give two ounces of castor oil or three ounces of raw 
 linseed oil or epsom salts and some senna. If the oil fails to act add three 
 drops of croton oil; however, it should be remembered that croton oil is a 
 drug that will kill if too much is given. Give injections of soap and warm 
 water with some sweet oil added. If vomiting is severe give black coffee or 
 two or three drops of wine of ipecac or any simple home remedy that will 
 warm up the stomach. The custom of feeding coal and coal cinders to hogs 
 is altogether too common. 
 
 INTERNAL PARASITES— WORMS.— Nearly all young pigs have a 
 few worms and I might safely say the same regarding old hogs. This is the 
 result of our methods of feeding pigs. Much of the food is fed without 
 being cooked and the meat which they very often eat is full of ova which 
 soon grow and develop into worms after the hog has eaten them. 
 
 CAUSES. — The habits of hogs render them more liable to worms than are 
 many other animals. The ova when taken into the stomach and bowels, meet- 
 ing moisture and heat, seem to grow and as the hog eats all kinds of raw 
 vegetables and meat it is no wonder he is wormy; besides, he sometimes has 
 indigestion and this favors their growth. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — On account of the worms' movements in the stomach 
 and bowels they seem to produce some irritation, bringing on a certain amount 
 of pain and uneasiness. There is itching of the anus and nose, also rubbing 
 of the tail and rooting with the nose. The bowels are either costive or too 
 loose and sometimes a little blood can be seen in the excrement and sometimes 
 shreds of mucus may be seen and if the microscope is used you will see the 
 small worms or their eggs. Worms derange the nervous system, causing ver- 
 tigo, chorea, coughing, fits, fever, loss of flesh and skin diseases. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When treating pigs for worms the stomach and bowels 
 should not be too full. Fairly good results follow giving some charcoal 
 and hard wood ashes or sulphate of iron in the feed. Others give one-half 
 teaspoonful of turpentine in three or four tablespoonfuls of raw linseed oil 
 and still others give fluid extract of spigelia and senna in tablespoonful doses 
 every four or five hours until the pig purges, then discontinue its use. Some 
 give twenty grains of powdered cedar apple. Areca nut is sometimes given ; 
 
HOGS— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 303 
 
 also powdered kamala and pumpkin seeds are beneficial. I am told that hogs 
 which eat pumpkins and carrots are seldom bothered with worms. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR WORMS.— 
 
 1. Turpentine. — Every third day, until four doses have been taken, give 
 a teaspoonful of turpentine in milk in the morning before feeding. ' 
 
 3. Gentian and Iron. — Give a dram each of ground gentian and sulphate 
 of iron in the feed once a day. 
 
 3. Santonine. — Give five or ten-grain doses of santonine. 
 FITS IN YOUNG PIGS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — It is safe to say that fits in young pigs are often the result of 
 worms, or of over-feeding and want of exercise. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— The first*symptom is an unthrifty condition; The legs 
 tremble and shake and the head and neck bend. The pig soon becomes rigid 
 and falls over and struggles some, then remains quiet for a few moments and 
 then gets up and acts as though perfectly well, only to have another sick spell 
 sometime later. Pigs two or three months old should be given twenty grains 
 of powdered kamala and a dessert spoonful of castor oil. Or, give twenty 
 drops of turpentine in two ounces of raw linseed oil and it may be necessary to 
 give more than one dose but not sooner than 24 hours. Young pigs should 
 b^ given some gentian, ginger and copperas in their feed twice a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR KIDNEY-WORMS IN HOGS.— 
 
 1. Lye and Turpentine. — Rub the back with turpentine and two or three 
 times a day give in slop one or two tablespoonfuls of weak lye made from 
 wood ashes. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR WEAK BACK.— 
 
 1. Turpentine. — Rub turpentine on the back. One application is usually 
 sufficient. 
 
 PERITONITIS (INFLAMMATION OF THE PERITONEUM).— 
 Peritonitis is an inflammation of the membrane that lines the abdominal cav- 
 ity and which is reflected over the intestines. 
 
 CAUSES. — It sometimes follows castration, chills, kicks from horses, 
 hooks from cattle, bunts from rams and punctures through the abdomen. 
 Sometimes it follows farrowing and the penetration of foreign bodies into the 
 bowels. It may result from other diseases such as swine plague and cholera. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The hog has chills, pain, tender abdomen, bloating, vomit- 
 ing, quick pulse, fever and short breathing and if the pain increases death usu- 
 ally follows but if the pain subsides it is a favorable indication of recovery. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give either castor oil or sulphate of magnesia but never 
 give aloes. A dose or two of calomel will do good. Give opium to allay the 
 pain ; also give eggs and milk to support their strength. When there is much 
 weakness give aromatic spirits of ammonia and whiskey. 
 
 UMBILICAL HERNIA. — What is usually understood by hernia is a 
 projection of the bowels through an opening, either natural or artificial, or a 
 rupture of the walls of any organ. Hernia is classified according to its posi- 
 tion, but the kind most common to the pig is either umbilical (navel) or scrotal. 
 It is very common to find the omentum or intestine protruding through the 
 umbilicus, caused by a failure of the navel to close early. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a soft puflfy bunch at the navel, which, if pressed, 
 will return through the opening and pass back into the body. This rupture, if 
 small, seldom causes the pig any trouble unless it becomes strangulated and 
 if it does not it is seldom necessary to do anything for it. 
 
204 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 TREATMENT. — A simple and quite successful way to operate is to roll 
 the pig on his back, press the omentum and bowel back into place, pick up the 
 loose skin, put a skewer through the sack or pouch of hide close to- the ab- 
 domen and then 'another one at right angles; then tie a string close to the 
 body back of these pins. This chokes the circulation, the opening in the ab- 
 domen fills with serum and the parts swell and close and soon unite. In a 
 week or ten days the pouch of skin sloughs ofif and your pig is well. I have 
 operated on hundreds and seldom had a failure unless the bunch was very 
 large. Be sure to dip the pins into carbolic acid and water and do not tie 
 the cord too tight. 
 
 SCROTAL HERNIA. — Scrotal hernia is where the bowel has passed 
 through the canal into the scrotum, or pouch. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The scrotum is too large and when pressed feels soft and 
 dough-like. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Roll the pig on his back ; return the intestine ; pull up 
 the scrotum and testicles as far as you can ; then apply a wooden clamp 
 (without paustic). Let it remain on until the parts slough off, then apply 
 equal parts of iodoform and boric acid or one part of carbolic acid and thirty 
 parts of water twice daily. 
 
 STRICTURE OF THE RECTUM— Stricture of the rectum should be 
 suspected whenever a pig is found straining and is unable to empty the bowel 
 and if an examination is made the cause will generally be found. The bowel 
 wall may be thickened or falling of the bowel may have taken place or there 
 may be a tumor or stricture. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The first step should be to wash out the bowel with 
 soap and warm water and then apply one part of solid extract of belladonna 
 and six parts of vaseline, or one part of fluid extract of belladonna and twenty 
 parts of water, and inject two ounces into the bowel daily. Plenty of vaseline 
 or fresh lard applied to the inside of the bowel gives good results. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDS OR PILES.— Hemorrhoids are soft tumors that bleed 
 easily and are found in or near the anus. When they do not bleed they are 
 called blind piles and of course are either visible or invisible. The soft 
 bunches are often varicose veins forming a sort of tumor; the others contain 
 coagulated blood and in either case they annoy the animal. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Always give the pig a cathartic of aloes, calomel and 
 ginger or give castor oil, or epsom salts and senna. Fill the rectum full of 
 cold water, adding a little tannic acid to the water. It is sometimes necessary 
 to open these tumors and squeeze out the blood. When this is done open with 
 a narrow knife in several places and apply sugar of lead and' water several times 
 a day. Sometimes hot applications act well. 
 PROLAPSUS ANI— FALLING OF THE BOWEL.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Prolapsus ani is generally the result of a weakness of the 
 muscles of the bowels but is sometimes the result of constipation and strain- 
 ing. It also follows excessive bowel action such as people have in diarrhea 
 and dysentery when there is a smarting of the bowels every time they move. 
 The longer the bowel protrudes the more difficult it is to effect a cure. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give twenty drops of laudanum every few hours to 
 stop the straining. Foment the swelling with hot water an hour at a time ; or 
 put one dram of sulphate of zinc, two drams of acetate of lead and two ounces 
 of tincture of opium into twenty ounces of cold water and apply to the swell- 
 ing every hour until the swelling reduces ; then return the bowel to its place 
 
HOGS— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 205 
 
 and put the hog in a narrow stall with the head three or four inches lower 
 than the hind quarters for a day or two. By keeping him in this position the 
 bowel will not need stitching but will fall back into its normal position. In- 
 jections of soap and warm water should be given and the bowels kept open. 
 If you fail to return the bowel have it cut off and sewed to the margin of the 
 anus and if done properly it will unite. 
 
 LIVER DISEASE. — The casual observer is seldom capable of diagnos- 
 ing correctly a case of liver disease. Inflammation of the liver is brought 
 on by feeding too much rich, nutritious food and allowing the animal to have 
 no exercise. It is most common in hot weather. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is dullness, constipation, some cough and yellow 
 mucous membranes. 
 
 TREATMENT. — This ailment should have prompt, energetic treatment 
 for if not it, may bring on other ailments. Purge the pig with epsom salts and 
 give small doses of calomel to act on the liver and bowels. Sometimes castor 
 oil acts well and if the pig is in much pain give calomel and opium several 
 times daily. 
 
 JAUNDICE — YELLOWS. — ^Jaundice is not a common disease of the 
 pig. It is known by the yellow appearance of the pig which is the result of 
 absorption of bile. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite, dullness, vomiting and deranged 
 digestion. The excrement is of a clay color and the bowels are costive. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give either castor oil or sulphate of magnesia; also give 
 small doses of calomel, podophyllin, phosphate of soda and hot water ; or give 
 twelve drops of nitro-muriatic acid two or three times a day. 
 
 SPORADIC APHTHA — GLOSS ANTHRAX — GUM MOUTH.— 
 Sporadic Aphtha is a vesicular eruption of the tongue, cheeks and lips. It is 
 very often called gloss anthrax or gum mouth. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite and some fever and there are 
 pustules on the tongue and lips. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give three grains of quinine, forty drops of gentian and 
 one-half ounce of whiskey at a dose five times a day. Use alum and water, one 
 ounce of alum to one quart of water, and apply to the mouth three times a 
 day. When the mouth is only slightly inflamed apply borax and water, an 
 ounce of borax to a quart of water. Wash the mouth with this three times a 
 day. Feed gruel made of meal and milk or give eggs, milk and whiskey if the 
 pig is weak. Also be sure to keep the hog in a clean dry place. 
 
 BLACK TEETH. — Black teeth is supposed by many hog raisers to be a 
 disease; however, the veterinary profession is pretty thoroughly agreed that 
 they are mistaken and the author shares this same belief, for he has not yet 
 been able to connect it with any sickness. It seems to be natural for some 
 pigs to have black teeth and many of them never have a sick day ; besides, at 
 our large slaughter houses many of the finest hogs killed have black teeth 
 and they never harmed the hog. My advise to swine breeders is to leave them 
 alone unless they are decayed and if so, pull them out with a pair of forceps 
 or nippers. 
 
 CHOKING. — Sometimes hogs choke when attempting to swallow too 
 large a piece of vegetable or other hard substance. 
 
206 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When called upon to relieve choke in hogs give some 
 raw linseed oil, melted lard or glycerine with ten or fifteen drops of fluid extract 
 of belladonna added. If the obstruction does not go down, open the mouth 
 with a gag and remove the obstruction with splint forceps or tongs made of 
 wood or try to work the obstruction down. It may be necessary to use a 
 probang. 
 
 HOG CHOLERA AND SWINE PLAGUE.— The terms " hog cholera " 
 and " swine plague " have come into general use among breeders and raisers 
 of hogs and the supposition that these two diseases are entirely different is 
 wrong for they are very similar both in cause and symptoms. Until recently 
 we were led to suppose them to be two separate infectious diseases but to 
 save time and confusion let us consider them as one disease for to distinguish 
 the difference requires the services of an expert to examine the body after 
 death. I 
 
 CAUSES. — Hog cholera and swine plague are no doubt caused by a 
 germ so small as not to be visible with the microscope and these germs pass 
 readily through filters. Our old theories have been very much changed by the 
 excellent work done in recent years by the government and different state 
 experiment stations. It is well to know that infection is absolutely necessary 
 to produce the disease and without it there can be no hog cholera or swine 
 plague. Certain hogs may resist this infection better than others; however, it 
 makes no difference how susceptible they may be they never take hog cholera 
 without being subjected to this one specific cause. The hogs raised in certain 
 localities under certain conditions seem to possess less power of resistance 
 than others. " Show " hogs that have been pampered and their growth forced 
 and also corn-fed hogs that are kept closely housed in damp, badly ventilated 
 pens appear to be quite liable to cholera infection. 
 
 Everyone who raises hogs should bear in mind that the living organisms 
 under favorable conditions multiply rapidly and are carried from place to place 
 in very small particles of filth. It is also well to keep in mind that there are 
 scores of different ways whereby this affection may be carried from place to 
 place. It may be carried by sick hogs, upon the legs and bodies of well ones 
 that have been exposed, carried on wagons, in stock cars, upon the shoes and 
 even clothing of people and it has been known to be carried down streams for 
 miles. It can be safely stated that both the blood and manure of hogs suffering 
 from cholera, and also the dead carcasses are highly infectious to other hogs. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A single case of hog cholera never presents all the symp- 
 toms of the disease for cases vary in virulence and some acute cases run their 
 course rapidly, terminating in death in a day or two while other cases assume 
 a chronic form, the sick hogs living for weeks. A hog infected with cholera 
 becomes dull and dumpish, his hair is rough and the eyes inflamed and soon 
 discharge. There is an effort to cough, the temperature rises to 105 or 106 
 degrees and the hog hides away in a cool dark place. The appetite is poor 
 and the bowels are either normal or costive at first but soon loosen, the dis- 
 charges becoming watery and offensive. If the lungs are involved breathing 
 is quickened, becoming more labored and especially in the later stages of th^ir 
 sickness. The skin is generally congested and red on the inside of the legs 
 and along the lower part of the abdomen, the color varying from pink to a sort 
 of red or purple. The eruptions on the skin dry and form scales or scabs of 
 different sizes. The hog stands with arched back, refuses, to eat, loses flesh 
 
HOGS— DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS. SOt 
 
 and strength rapidly, walks with a crippled and wabbling gait and gradually 
 fails in strength until he dies. No person can tell for certain before death 
 whether a hog suffers from hog cholera or swine plague but in the latter case 
 the lungs are often more involved than in cholera and consequently the hog 
 breathes with more difficulty. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is safer to say that hog cholera and swine plague can 
 be prevented, rather than to say they can be cured; however, it is encourag- 
 ing to know that well hogs can be immunized without danger so as to prevent 
 their taking cholera. The credit of this recent discovery should go to the 
 Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D. C. and perhaps a share to the 
 different State Experiment Stations of this country. When a case of cholera, 
 is discovered every possible effort should be made to destroy the infection 
 and prevent the disease from spreading. One part carbolic acid and twenty 
 parts water is as good as any disinfectant to use in spraying the pens and sprink- 
 ling the ground where the hogs have been. Besides, the sick hogs should be 
 kept by themselves and given good care, their pen sprinkled with air-slacked 
 lime, the hogs kept away from mud and ponds and given some of the follow- 
 ing tonic in their feed. Take two pounds of salt, two pounds of baking soda, 
 one pound of Glauber's salts, two pounds of hypo-sulphite of soda and one 
 pound of black antimony; mix thoroughly and give each full grown hog a 
 tablespoonful at a dose in feed or as a drench once a day. It is important to 
 give the hogs good care and also plenty of good food; also, keep them in a 
 dry comfortable place and if they are sick during summer, find a shaded place 
 for them. 
 
 PREVENTING THE SPREADING OF HOG CHOLERA AND 
 SWINE PLAGUE. — In a locality where hog cholera exists the owner of well 
 hogs should do many things which he need not do if infected herds were not 
 in his neighborhood. The owner of well hogs should keep away from stock 
 yards and from all pens and farms where the disease exists. It is also im- 
 portant to keep your neighbors away from your place if their hogs are dis- 
 eased. Before allowing any person to come on your premises ask him some 
 questions and you may learn that he has come from a farm where they have 
 cholera and, if such is the case, keep him off your place. One man should 
 have the care of diseased hogs and visitors should be kept from coming near 
 them. Keep all diseased hogs in small fields by themselves. When any new 
 hogs are bought and brought onto your farm, keep them away from your well 
 ones for three or four weeks. It will pay well to disinfect and clean up after 
 new healthy appearing hogs and it must be done thoroughly after sick hogs 
 are gotten rid of. The troughs and floors should be scalded with hot water 
 or steam or they should be wet with one part bichloride of mercury (corrosive 
 sublimate) and one thousand parts water or use one part coal-tar disinfectant 
 and thirty parts water. Brood sows that have had cholera produce pigs which 
 resist the disease better than if the sow never had cholera and are said to 
 live through an attack better. 
 
 HOW TO PREVENT CHOLERA AND SWINE PLAGUE BY VAC- 
 CINATION. — Blood serum taken from the body of an immunized hog and 
 from one sick with cholera and injected into a well hog produces a mild 
 attack of cholera from which most hogs recover and then they resist the in- 
 fection. The serum from such hogs injected into the bodies of susceptible 
 hogs seems to fortify them against infection for a time but if blood from a 
 
208 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 cholera hog is also used with it then it is likely to immunize the hog for life. 
 The serum method should be used in treating hogs whenever there is an out- 
 break of cholera in the neighborhood and it is well to immunize every hog 
 as quickly as possible. I do not regard the new method of treating cholera 
 by vaccinating to prevent its spread as likely to spread the disease if the 
 work is done as it should be. Furthermore, if good serum is used few hogs 
 will sicken badly from its use; however, too much virulent blood may be in- 
 jected into a well hog and make him very sick« 
 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY OR 
 BREATHING ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Pneumonia, Congestion of the Lungs, Bronchitis, Pleurisy, Quinsy, 
 Sore Throat, Coughs, Catarrh, Etc.) 
 
 PNEUMONIA — INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS — LUNG 
 FEVER. — Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung substance. 
 
 CAUSES. — The weather seems to have a great deal to do with animals 
 taking pneumonia for it is much more prevalent during cold, wet, changeable 
 weather than during hot summer weather. It follows other debilitating ail- 
 ments and especially those of the air passag'es. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is first a chill and then fever, pain, uneasiness, hard 
 breathing, a quick pulse and some coughing. The disease lasts from nine to 
 fourteen days. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a few drops of laudanum first to prevent vomiting, 
 or you may give cofl^ee for this. Then give aconite to relieve the fever, or you 
 can give veratrum viride. Good care in the line of food, fresh air and tonics 
 seems to help most cases. Be sure the pen is clean and dry. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PNEUMONIA.— 
 
 1. Turpentine, Laudanum and Milk. — To half a cup of milk add a tea- 
 spoonful of turpentine and 30 drops of laudanum. This is the dose for a 100- 
 pound hog. In six or seven hours give another dose, but give just half the 
 above quantities. 
 
 CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS— APOPLEXY OF LUNGS— PUL- 
 MONARY APOPLEXY. — Congestion of the lungs is a very common ail- 
 ment in hogs and is what is generally called apoplexy of the lungs or pulmon- 
 ary apoplexy. 
 
 CAUSES. — There is too much blood stagnation about the lungs. A fat 
 pig has but little breathing space and if exerted too much when in a weak, 
 flabby condition he is likely to take congestion of the lungs. It also 
 follows keeping pigs in badly ventilated and foul pens. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is great pain, the head is down, the mouth open, 
 and there is some blood oozing from the nose in some cases. The extremities 
 are cold, the pulse is weak and in fact the pig is unable to stand. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the pig is cold put him in a warm comfortable place 
 and give stimulants such as whiskey, brandy, rum, aromatic spirits of ammonia 
 or sweet spirits of nitre. Cover the body with woolen blankets and rub the 
 legs with one pint of whiskey with a teaspoonful of tincture of capsicum 
 added. In the early stages the ammonia or ether acts best and the alcoholic 
 stimulants are best later on. Energetic treatment very often prevents its 
 terminating in inflammation of the lungs. 
 
 BRONCHITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES. 
 — Bronchitis, is not a common disease of the pig and when it does occur it is 
 in pigs a few months old and then they do not always recover. 
 
 CAUSES. — Exposure to cold and wet, too much dust or smoke, and cer- 
 *ain conditions of the atmosphere seem to cause it to be epidemic. 
 
 S— 14 209 
 
•210 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — A hoarse cough with difficult breathing, poking out the 
 head, a discharge of mucus from the mouth, some fever and considerable weak- 
 ness are the symptoms. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If you notice the pig when first taken sick, give epsom 
 salts, Glauber's salts or castor oil to open the bowels. To quiet the cough give 
 morphine, opium, belladonna, muriate of ammonia or nitrate of potash three 
 times a day. Also apply mustard and water to the breast daily. In the later 
 stages of this disease give syrup of squills, muriate of ammonia and tincture 
 of lobelia. If the pig is weak give eggs, milk and whiskey. 
 
 PLEURISY— INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURA.— Pleurisy is an 
 inflammation of the membrane that lines the chest and covers the lungs. 
 Strange to say, this membrane is frequently inflamed. I believe hogs very 
 often have light attacks of pleurisy and recover without treatment and no 
 one knows they ever had it. 
 
 CAUSES. — Forcing pigs to sleep in cold wet beds is perhaps the most 
 common cause. Standing in a draft or cold wind when warm, or an injury such 
 as a kick are other causes. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It sets in with a chill and pain in the side, some coughing, 
 quick breathing, restlessness, fever, and arched back. When the chest con- 
 tains fluid, breathing becomes more labored and quick but the pig suffers less 
 pain. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the bowels are costive give one or two ounces of 
 epsom salts in water as a drench ; also, give two drops of veratrum viride and 
 ten drops of tincture of opium at a dose every three hours until the pig seems 
 better and coughs less. If the kidneys do not act freely give fifteen grains 
 of powdered saltpeter at a dose in either feed or water three times a day. 
 When all the fever subsides, give as a tonic one teaspoonful of tincture of 
 chloride of iron, the same quantity of fluid extract of gentian and one-half 
 teaspoonful of fluid extract of cinchona at a dose in feed three times a day. Be 
 sure to keep the pig in a dry clean place. 
 
 QUINSY— INFLAMMATION OF THE TONSILS.— This is a very 
 common ailment in swine and is frequently of a serious nature, terminating 
 in death. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is great difficulty in swallowing and there is 
 sweUing and soreness of the throat and the hog hangs the tongue out of the 
 mouth. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Apply hot water or hot cloths to the throat constantly 
 for twenty-four hours ; also apply equal parts of extract of witch hazel, spirits 
 of camphor and alcohol to the throat twice a day. Dissolve a teaspoonful of 
 chlorate of potash in one-half pint of water, adding one teaspoonful of fluid 
 extract of belladonna, and gargle the throat with two tablespoonfuls three or 
 four times a day. 
 
 LARYNGITIS— PHARYNGITIS— SORE THROAT.— This is a very 
 common ailment in hogs, causing a cough, difficulty in eating and swallowing 
 and generally affecting the breathing. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is caused by exposure to storms in the cooler months of the 
 year and wallowing in too cold water in hot weather. Also sudden changes 
 in the temperature from hot to cold and keeping hogs in foul and badly ven- 
 tilated pens will cause it. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is difficulty in swallowing dry feed, spasmodic 
 
HOGS— DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 211 
 
 coughing, a hot and dry skin, fast pulse, and a tendency to filling up of the 
 throat. 
 
 TREATMENT. — rlf the bowels are costive give castor oil; also give 
 twelve grains of chloride of potash, three drops of tincture of belladonna and 
 fifteen drops of tincture of opium at a dose three or four times a day. Or, 
 give thirty drops of syrup of squills and ten drops of laudanum three times a 
 day. I have used borax, alum and water with good results. 
 
 CHRONIC LARYNGITIS.— The pig seldom suffers from chronic laryn- 
 gitis. Although the throat membranes may be somewhat inflamed for a long 
 time they do not change much, but the pig continues to cough. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply equal parts of turpentine, aqua ammonia and 
 raw linseed oil and give thirty drops of syrup of squills and fifteen drops of 
 laudanum at a dose two or three times a day. 
 
 COLDS. — Hogs suffer from colds, brought on by exposure to wet and 
 storms and also from sleeping in damp basement pens. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Feed warm slop and easily digested food and keep the 
 hogs warm and dry. Mix equal parts of ginger and powdered licorice in their 
 feed ; a tablespoonful is a dose for a full grown hog and this medicine should 
 'be given three times a day until the hog recovers. 
 
 SNUFFLES. — This is a common ailment in hogs, affecting them much 
 the same as na^al catarrh, and unless they get well it may end in nasal gleet. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply one part of peroxide of hydrogen and two parts 
 of water to clear out the nose and give fifteen-grain doses of sulphate of iron 
 in feed three times a day, or give three or four drops of Fowler's solution of 
 arsenic at a dose in feed three times a day. In the treatment of snufHes feed 
 as nearly as possible a balanced ration for hogs. If this disease results in 
 nasal gleet (ozena) it will not pay to treat the hog and it is best to destroy 
 him for fear of contagion ; besides, if the bony structures of the nose are dis- 
 eased it is a difficult task to cure such a case. 
 
 COUGHS. — Some pigs appear to suffer from a sort of nervous cough, 
 others appear to cough while they are teething and without any inflammation 
 of the mucous membranes; therefore, it must be some interference with the 
 nerves of respiration. 
 
 TREATMENT. — By giving the pigs tonics and good care they generally 
 recover. Onions, garlic, or opium are good, and some give five-drop doses of 
 nitro-hydrochloric acid at a dose three times a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR COUGHS.— 
 
 1. Powdered Licorice. — To a two-hundred pound hog give two teaspoon- 
 fuls of powdered licorice in the feed and repeat the dose in twenty-four hours 
 if necessary. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE NOSTRILS— NASAL CATARRH.— In- 
 flammation of the nostrils, or nasal catarrh, is a common ailment of hogs. 
 
 CAUSES. — The most common cause is exposure to cold and wet. It is 
 also caused by dust blowing up the nostrils and when nearly all the pigs are 
 affected in your locality it is epizootic. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Dryness of the membrane of the nose, some swelling, 
 sneezing, a discharge from the nose with an increasing inflammation and loss 
 of appetite, are the symptoms of nasal catarrh. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is not necessary to medicate all cases but give the pig 
 good care and a few doses of ginger and nitrate of potash followed with a 
 few two-grain doses of quinine two or three times a day. 
 
213 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 CHRONIC NASAL CATARRH— NASAL GLEET— OZENA.— When 
 
 simple catarrh lasts long it is called chronic catarrh, nasal gleet, or ozena and 
 the discharge becomes very thick and sticky, making breathing quite difficult. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give the pig three grains of powdered sulphate of 
 copper, or three drops of Fowler's solution,, or ten grains of sulphate of 
 iron, at a dose in feed three times a day ; pr give two grains of quinine at a 
 dose four times a day. Fairly good results follow steaming with creosote or 
 carbolic acid twice a day. Also, wash out the nostrils with salt and water, 
 using a tablespoonful of salt in a quart of water and these applications should 
 be made twice a day. 
 
 MALIGNANT CATARRH.— When a hog suffers from a bad attack of 
 malignant catarrh and has been given good care and the right kind of treat- 
 ment it is often better to destroy him than to take chances of his infecting other 
 pigs. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a heavy discharge from the nostrils and eyes, the 
 eyelids swell and the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat becomes 
 inflamed. The pig has fever, loses flesh, and if the disease is not checked he 
 dies. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give castor oil to open the bowels. Give four grains of 
 quinine at a dose four times a day. If he coughs give 20 drops of laudanuns 
 and steam the nostrils. 
 
DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 
 
 (Including Prurigo, Surfeit, Mange, Scaly Disease, Lichen, Measles, Scarlet 
 Fever, Ringworm, Erysipelas, Lice, Etc.) 
 
 PRURIGO.— 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — This is an eruption that causes great itching. It usually 
 appears on the neck and shoulders and the pimples are almost of the same 
 color as the skin, but by passing the hand over the skin it is found to be rough. 
 
 TREATMENT.— It must be the result of faulty digestion ; therefore, it is 
 always good practice to give an ounce or two of sulphate of magnesia to open 
 the bowels promptly. Also give four drops of Fowler's solution and twenty 
 drops of syrup of iodide of iron at a dose in feed or water three times a day. 
 The coal-tar preparations mixed with four parts of vaseline help such cases. 
 Dissolving baking soda in water and applying it to the sore parts two or three 
 timesa day helps to take out the itching. This treatment will do for most skin 
 eruptions of the hog. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SORES BACK OF PIGS' EARS.— 
 
 1. Kerosene and Sulphur. — Sometimes the pigs get sore back of the ears 
 and have a discharge of a yellow matter with an offensive smell. Give the 
 hog a teaspoonful of sulphur once a day and rub kerosene oil on the affected 
 parts. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR " CANCER OF THE TAIL."— 
 
 1. Preventive. — Feed the sows lightly for a couple of weeks after far- 
 rowing. Equal parts of bran and shorts is a good feed. Also feed the sow 
 a teaspoonful of sulphur three times a week. 
 
 2. To Keep Tail from Falling Off. — Mix one part of carbolic aci.d with 
 twenty parts of sweet oil and apply to the sore parts. 
 
 SURFEIT— NETTLE RASH— URTICARIA.— This is a skin eruption 
 that is never contagious but is very common in pigs. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is generally brought on by feeding the pig on the same 
 kind of food for too long a time, or by feeding him too much starchy food. It 
 must be the result of deranged digestion. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a sudden appearance of many elevations of the 
 skin that seem to itch and if these pimple-like buds do not disappear soon the 
 disease assumes a sort of chronic form and hard bunches form, continue to 
 swell, soften, and discharge a glue-like fluid. In this second form of surfeit 
 there may be loss of appetite and a sort of unthriftiness. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Discontinue feeding nutritious food for a few days. 
 Give a cathartic to clean out the bowels. The dose of epsom salts is from one 
 to two and a half ounces and one dose is usually enough to move the bowels. 
 Apply one part of bi-chloride of mercury and five hundred parts of water to 
 the sore parts five or six times a day. This will take out soreness. Or, dis- 
 solve one-fourth pound of sugar of lead in a gallon of water and add eight 
 ounces of laudanum, if the itching is intense, and apply to surfeit buds four 
 or five times a day. If the skin does not clean up in a few days give twenty 
 drops of fluid extract of sarsaparilla and four drops of Fowler's solution at a 
 dose in feed or water three times a day. 
 
 213 
 
214 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 MANGE. — Mange is a parasitic ailment of the skin. It is readily com- 
 municated from one pig to another and has been known to be given to man. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is severe itching on account of the parasite's bur- 
 rowing under the outer skin. Because of this the pig is in misery. Scabs 
 form and from rubbing there are some large sores on the body but these soon 
 heal when the parasites are killed. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Wash the pig with soap and water and if you have soft 
 soap use it. Rub on flower sulphur and apply it daily; also, apply any of the 
 coal-tar preparations that have a good reputation. A good remedy is staves- 
 acre seeds, two ounces in boiled water ; or an infusion of tobacco applied twice 
 a week. One part kerosene and two parts vaseline will help cure mange ; or 
 apply one part sulphur and two parts lard daily for a few days. When apply- 
 ing coal-tar disinfectants for mange, make the solution one part to ten of 
 water. 
 
 SCALY DISEASE OF THE SKIN.— The skin of the hog when subjected 
 to the hot sun in summer and to the zero weather of winter very often scales 
 and becomes rough. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — First, pimples appear and there oozes out a fluid which 
 hardens and seems to cause the skin to come off in flakes. This is the most 
 common skin disease in hogs. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If the pig is fleshy give it a dose of jihysic, feed less 
 grain and more cooling laxative food, and apply one part of oxide of zinc and 
 three parts of vaseline to the sore parts of the skin once or twice a day. Give 
 four drops of Fowler's solution and three grains of iodide of potassium at a 
 dose in feed two or three times a day. Dissolve one-fourth pound of sugar of 
 lead in one gallon of water and apply three times a day. Many of the simple 
 home remedies are good. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR REMOVING SCURF.— 
 
 1. Buttermilk. — Wash the pigs each day with buttermilk until the scurf 
 is entirely removed. 
 
 LICHEN. — When the skin is covered with a great many small pimples 
 around the hair follicles, in sort of patches, we are led to believe the pig is 
 suffering from lichen'. The hair usually falls out and the skin scales some, 
 but in a few weeks the hair commences to grow again. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give two-thirds of a teaspoonful of sulphur, ten grains 
 of saltpeter and one-half teaspoonful of baking soda at a dose in feed three 
 times a day. Wash the pig with baking soda and water. 
 
 MEASLES. — Measles is a very common ailment in pigs and it is very 
 contagious. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — It is generally attended with a cough, some sneezing, 
 and loss of appetite in severe cases, but in mild cases the pig is not notice- 
 ably sick. There is some sore throat and a rash breaks out on the fourth day 
 but if the skin is not white this might be overlooked. If the disease is 
 severe the eyes become inflamed, the lids swell, the temperature rises, the 
 pulse becomes quick and there is fast breathing. About the eighth day 
 the disease begins to subside. 
 
 TREATMENT.— It is 'unnecessary to treat mild cases, other than to 
 give them good care and see that the bowels move freely; if not, give sulphate 
 of magnesia in small doses; also give nitrate of potash to reduce the fever. 
 If there is coughing give any good home-made cough remedy, or give lauda- 
 num. In some cases the pig suffers from weakness ; if so, gi-\-e tonics and 
 
HOGS— DISEASES OF SKIN. 213 
 
 stimulants such as whiskey and quinine and if the pig has diarrhea, give 
 opium ; but keep in mind that if the pigs are not exposed to storms and too 
 much wet and filth when they are sick they need very little if any medicine. 
 
 SCARLET FEVER. — This is a contagious disease which runs its course 
 in seven or eight days and is very often diagnosed as measles ; however, the 
 symptoms are not alike but it requires some experience to tell the diflference. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The first indications of sickness are dullness', stiffness, 
 a fast pulse, fevei-, great thirst, loss of appetite, vomiting, stupor, delirium 
 and sometimes convulsions. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is well to keep in mind the fact that a great many 
 pigs have suffered from scarlet fever and recovered without treatment. It 
 is also a fact that many hogs are given medicines for scarlet fever that could 
 in no way assist nature in throwing off the poison of this disease. Look 
 after the general comfort of the pig and see that he has good care. If the 
 bowels are costive, give castor oil or epsom salts, but in small doses, for if 
 the bowels get to acting too freely you may find it troublesome to stop the 
 purging. If the throat is sore, dissolve twelve grains of chlorate of potash 
 in two ounces of water and gargle the throat four times a day. If the pig 
 shows much weakness give whiskey and quinine three times a day; or, give 
 carbonate of ammonia iri fifteen-grain doses three times a day. 
 
 RINGWORM. — Ringworm is not common in pigs ; however, we do meet 
 with cases of it. It is due to the presence of a vegetable parasite and of course 
 spreads rapidly when meeting with a suitable abode. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When the hair drops out of the skin in ring-like patches 
 and the center becomes dry and the edge moist, the ringworm parasite is 
 generally present. This disease is contagious to other pigs and likewise to 
 man, but man is easily cured for these parasites do not seem to live a great 
 length of time in him. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Iodine ointment is a remedy, but before applying it 
 wash the sores with soap and water. Another remedy is to dissolve one 
 ounce of carbolic acid in four ounces of alcohol and apply to the sores twice 
 a week. It will often effect a cure. Sulphur, one part, and lard, two parts 
 acts well. 
 ERYSIPELAS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — There can be little doubt that this disease is due to an or- 
 ganism and it seems to follow wounds or injuries to the skin when there is 
 an abrasion sufficient to allow germs to be picked up and pass into the cir- 
 culation and infect the pig. Certain aqimals seem to be easy victims of this 
 ailment. It seems to be influenced by diet and exposure. The disease may 
 be said to be both local and constitutional. This being a contagious disease, 
 the sick should be kept away from the well hogs. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The bowels should be opened with either castor oil or 
 epsom salts; also, give aconite to reduce the fever; or, give nitrate of potas- 
 sium. To relieve the pain give opium and it is good practice to give tincture 
 of chloride of iron in twenty or twenty-five-drop doses every few hours. Feed 
 milk, oatmeal or eggs and if very weak give quinine and whiskey. When blis- 
 ters form, open them. This will keep the skin in better condition than if 
 they are left alone. Be sure to let the pig have plenty of fresh water. 
 
 WARTS. — Warts are caused by some deranged condition of the outer 
 skin and soon the true skin becomes diseased and thickens. When a wart 
 
216 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 meets with friction, causing it to bleed, it grows, sometimes to quite' a size. 
 Some warts seem to spread out and cover considerable surface of the skin. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If the wart has a well-defined neck, cut it off; if large, 
 it will bleed some and to prevent this heat a piece of knife-shaped iron 
 red hot and burn off the wart instead of cutting it. The hot iron stops hem- 
 orrhage. Or, tie a string around its neck, leaving it for a few days and if 
 it does not slough off, tie on another string and leave it on until the wart 
 drops off; then apply nitrate of silver or carbolic acid, or terchloride of anti- 
 mony, or one part of chromic acid and five parts water. These caustic applica- 
 tions will kill the roots. 
 
 LICE. — When swine are infected with lice they soon commence to lose 
 flesh and grow thin, but lice are so easily gotten rid of that no hog need 
 have them. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply coal-tar disinfectant, one part to twenty of water, 
 once a day or boil stavesacre seed and make a decoction and it will kill lice 
 quickly. Or, use a decoction of tobacco. Fairly good results follow the 
 use of one part kerosene arid ten parts of soap suds. Or, light applications 
 of fish oil will drive off lice. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LICE.— 
 
 1. Coal Oil and Lard. — Rub the hogs with a mixture of equal parts of 
 coal oil and lard if they have lice. Repeat in a week or ten days. 
 
 2. Kerosene. — Rub with kerosene oil and repeat in ten days. 
 
 3. Carbolic Acid Solution. — Rub the hogs with one part of carbolic acid 
 diluted with thirty parts of water and you will kill the lice. Better repeat* in 
 a week. 
 
P?':' 
 
 HOW TO GIVE MEDICINE TO A HOG. 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's "Mentor Stock Farm" especially for this book.) 
 
 SPAYING A SOW. 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's "Mentor Stock Farm" especially for this book.) 
 
DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
 
 (Including Farrowing or Pigging, Eversion of Womb, Inflammation of Womb, 
 Inflammation of Udder, Castration, Etc.) 
 
 FARROWING OR PIGGING.— The usual time for gestation in sows if 
 they are strong and healthy is a little less than four months. A weak, young 
 sow pigs earlier. Six weeks after a sow has been served she begins to get 
 big and heavy, growing more so until she farrows. While pregnant she 
 should be well fed and allowed to exercise and her bowels should be moder- 
 ately open when she farrows. She should be kept in a pen with the tempera- 
 ture from 60 to 70 degrees until her pigs dry, then it is not necessary to keep 
 them as warm as when they wei-e born. Young pigs chill easily and cold 
 pens for brood sows cost their owners money on account of the death of 
 the pigs. The sow should have plenty of short bedding with which to make 
 a nest before she farrows. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When the sow begins to make preparations for pigging 
 she is uneasy, gathers straw and arranges it for her nest, lies down and ex- 
 pels her pigs. Of course the water bag breaks first. The forefeet first with 
 the nose between them is the proper position for a young pig. Should you 
 be obliged to help her, put the pig in the natural position, oil the passage 
 with carbolized lard and if the hand is used instead of instruments it should 
 be a small hand. I prefer to use instruments. Pigs can be taken away hind 
 .feet first. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES TO PREVENT AND CURE EATING 
 
 OF PIGS.— 
 
 1. Preventive and Cure. — Make a mixture of equal parts of salt, sulphur, 
 charcoal and wood ashes and keep this before the sows all the time and espe- 
 cially at pigging time. This is a preventive but if they have begun eating 
 the pigs, give them all the salt pork they will eat. 
 
 EVERSION OF THE WOMB.— This is where the pig bed is turned out 
 on account of the sow's being weak at farrowing time or getting into a posi- 
 tion where the hind parts are much lower than the fore parts or on account 
 of the vagina being large and the uterus slipping into it and turning inside 
 out. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The uterus, or pig bed, when turned out is quite large. 
 It is red and inflamed and this cannot be mistaken for any other ailment. 
 
 TREATMENT.— In the first place the womb should be kept clean and 
 not injured. Bathe the parts with cold water to somewhat reduce the swell- 
 ing. Then elevate her hind quarters and return the uterus, but before doing 
 so, pour on a one per cent, solution of carbolic acid and water. This is made 
 with one part of carbolic acid and 99 parts water. Or, use one part bi-chloride 
 of mercury and twenty-five hundred parts of warm water, or one part coal-tar 
 and fifty parts of water. As soon as the parts are in place sew up the upper 
 part of the vulva and give the sow a teaspoonful or more of laudanum every 
 two or three hours to keep her from straining. Her bowels should be kept 
 open and, if necessary, give epsom salts, three or four ounces a day. The hind 
 parts in some cases should be Tcept higher than the fore parts. 
 
 217 
 
218 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB.— This is likely to come on after 
 eversion or where the sow was improperly helped during farrowing, . or kept 
 in a cold, damp, filthy pen or place after farrowing. I have known it to come 
 on without any well-known cause. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are loss of appetite, dullness, thirst, pain 
 and fever. The vulva usually swells and there is some vaginal discharge. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give aconite to reduce the fever, or saltpeter acts 
 well. Wash out the womb with boric acid and warm water, as much acid 
 as the water will dissolve, and run it through a rubber tube with a funnel. 
 Give laudanum or belladonna to quiet the pain- and keep the bowels loose. 
 Feed cooling, laxative food. 
 INFLAMED UDDER- 
 CAUSES. — Improper care, a wet bed, exposure to cold, over-feeding and 
 the loss of a part or the whole of a litter are the causes. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is some loss of appetite, fever, shrinkage in milk 
 and a hard and tender udder. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give epsom salts as a cathartic and some saltpeter 
 three times a day. Foment the udder with hot water three times a day and 
 rub with camphorated oil daily. 
 
 CASTRATION. — When I was raising pigs myself I made it a practice to 
 castrate them when they were two or three weeks old and I do not now re- 
 call that any of them had not fully recovered from the shock before wean- 
 ing time, but in my practice I have been called upon to castrate them at all 
 ages and the older they are the more it seems to affect them. Therefore, 
 I urge you to castrate pigs early for there is then much less risk. When you 
 get ready to castrate the "pigs, mix one part of carbolic acid and fifty parts of 
 water, lay your knife in it, wash the pigs scrotum with the same, also dip 
 your hands in it. Put the pig on his back in a furrow or trough and tie or hold 
 his legs or, if he is small, your assistant can hold his head between his knees. 
 Place the left hand under the testicle, making a bold incision and allowing 
 the testicle to escape ; separate the covering from the testicle ; tie a piece of 
 catgut, silk or linen thread tightly around the cord to stop bleeding; let the 
 ends of the thread hang out of the scrotum a few inches but cut off the cord 
 leaving one-half or three quarters of an inch below the string and in a few 
 days the string will drop off or may be pulled off. The knife and operator's 
 hands should be cleaned before another pig is operated on. When operating 
 on a ruptured boar the hind quarters should be placed a few inches higher 
 than the fore quarters. The pig should be empty and, if you are operating 
 on an old boar your work will be made much easier if he is quite empty. 
 After cleaning the scrotum, cut through the skin but not the last covering 
 of the testicle; separate this from the outer covering and force the testicle 
 out; then place a string around the cord three inches above the testicle and 
 cut off the cord, leaving it an inch longer than in simple cases and also be 
 sure the string is tight for if it slips off the bowel may come out. In badly 
 ruptured boars it is a good plan to stitch the wound in the scrotum and also 
 to keep him empty until the string comes off and the wound heals besides, 
 they should be kept by themselves in a quiet place and one part of carbolic' 
 acid and thirty parts of water should be applied to the wound twice a day. 
 Young pigs may be allowed to run with others after this operation 
 
VARIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 (Including Thumps, Rheumatism, Founder or Sore Feet, Diseases of the Eye, 
 Brain Troubles, Apoplexy, Blind Staggers, Paralysis, Chorea, How to Tell 
 the Age of Hogs, and General Rules as to Care, Feeding and Raising of 
 Hogs.) 
 
 THUMPS— PALPITATION OF THE HEART,— 
 
 CAUSES. — This is an ailment which most generally attacks young pigs 
 that are fleshy and do not have enough exercise. It is perhaps the result of 
 a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm and just what should bring this 
 on is none too well understood, for it seems to attack the finest looking ones 
 of the litter. A morbid condition of the system causes it, also worms and 
 feeding food which does not contain sufficient nitrogen. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The pig is taken with a sort of hiccough and jerking of 
 the body with palpitation of the heart and there may be spasms of the 
 diaphragm as well ; however, it is not easy to tell. 
 
 TREATMENT. — More can be done in the line of prevention than curing 
 the diseased ones. If the sow is a deep milker and the pigs are too fat, 
 purge her and reduce her food allowance. Also see that she and her pigs 
 have more exercise. If their bowels need attention, give either epsom salts 
 or castor oil to open them. It is always wise to diet the sow and pigs 
 after one shows thumps for fear of more becoming affected. You will find 
 digitalis a useful drug; or, give aromatic spirits of ammonia every hour or 
 two. As soon as the pigs have some appetite feed them milk, eggs, and oat- 
 meal gruel but not too much at a time. 
 
 RHEUMATISM. — This is a very common ailment of young pigs. Cer- 
 tain conditions of the body seem to be just right for them to become stiff and 
 sore. Many veterinarians believe it to be the result of an acid, either lactic 
 or uric; however, this is doubtful. Certain animals seem to have a predis- 
 position to become rheumatic and when subjected to exciting causes .they 
 soon become sore and lame. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The fetlock joints very often swell, there is lameness in 
 one or more legs, some fever, loss of appetite and, if there be much inflamma- 
 tion, the joints swell. Rheumatism may attack any organ of the body. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give sulphate of magnesia to open the bowels 
 promptly; also give ten-grain doses of iodide of potassium at a dose three 
 times a day. In chronic cases give five drops of Fowler's solution at a 
 dose in feed two or three times a day. Give ten grains of carbonate of potash 
 or citrate of potash or sodium salicylate at a dose three times a day until 
 you can notice some results, then give smaller doses or fewer doses a day. 
 If the joints are swollen apply equal parts of extract of witch hazel, fluid 
 extract of belladonna and tincture of opium twice a day._ Equal parts of 
 turpentine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil is another good liniment for rheu- 
 matic joints and it should be applied daily. 
 
 FOUNDER OR SORE FEET. — It is not unusual to find pigs walking 
 \ ery foot-sore, especially after walking far on a hard road or walking about 
 
 219 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK„ 
 
 in a pen when fattening or when fed a large quantity of grain at a time when 
 they were not accustomed to it. This brings on a sort of founder in hc^& 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When a pig travels with the forefeet far in advance 
 of the body and continually changes feet he is foot-sore. 
 
 TREATMENT. — If in summer, stand the pig in wet clay or sasif 
 to cool his feet; if in winter, apply hot poultices. Reduce his grain supply 
 and feed cooling, laxative food, such as vegetables and grass. Give epsom 
 salts to open the bowels and some saltpeter in the feed or water two or three ' 
 times a day. If the sores appear between the toes or on the back part of 
 the heel apply chloride of zinc and water, one dram to a pint ; or, apply one 
 part of carbolic acid and ten parts of water twice a day. Be sure to keep 
 the pig in a clean, dry place. 
 
 WOUNDS. — Hogs are often wounded by dogs, by cattle hooking them, 
 by kicks from horses wearing sharp shoes and by running against barbed 
 wire fences and sharp snags. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply one part coal-tar disinfectant and fifty parts 
 water, or one part carbolic acid and fifty parts water; or, dissolve one- 
 fourth pound of sugar of lead, one-fourth pound of sulphate of zinc and two 
 ounces of carbolic acid in a gallon of water, which makes a good and not to» 
 expensive healing remedy for wounds on hogs. "A good healing powder is 
 made by mixing equal parts of oxide of zinc, powdered alum and boric acid. 
 This should be applied twice daily. 
 
 AMAUROSIS— PARALYSIS OF THE RETINA.— Amaurosis is a di- 
 lation ,of the pupil of the eye, usually lasting in its effects and giving the eye 
 a glassy and greenish appearance. It causes blindness. 
 
 CAUSES. — The optic nerve is affected and there is generally some de- 
 rangement of the digestive organs with, perhaps, some worms in the stomach. 
 
 TREATMENT. — A cathartic of castor oil or epsom salts with some 
 worm medicine will give relief if any treatment will. It is also necessary 
 to keep the pig in a dark pen which is free from foul gases. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE EYEBALL.— The eyes of pigs seem to be 
 as exempt from eye diseases as those of any other domestic animal; how- 
 ever, they are sometimes troubled with inflamed eyes, the result of exposure 
 to cold, heat and sunshine. Living in acrid, nasty vapors and also foreign 
 bodies making their way into the eyes are other causes. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Whenever the tears flow over the cheek or the eye 
 seems inflamed it is well to make an examination and ascertain if any foreign 
 body is in the eye. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Simple ophthalmia usually results from injuries which 
 cause an inflammation of the eyeball and mucous membrane of the eye and 
 is best treated by placing the pig in a dark pen or shaded place and applying- 
 hot water. Follow with applications of boric acid and water, just as much 
 acid as the water will dissolve; or, dissolve fifty grains of sugar of lead in 
 one-half pint of rain water, add a teaspoonful of laudanum and apply three 
 times a day. When the acute inflammation subsides a film or scum covers 
 the eye. If this is the case,_ blow some calomel into the eye once a day 
 or dissolve four grains of nitrate of silver and one grain of sulphate of 
 atrop-ia in one ounce of rain water and apply to the eye daily. 
 
 PHRENITIS AND MENINGITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE 
 BRAIN AND ITS MEMBRANES.— Phrenitis, or inflammation of the brain. 
 
HOGS— VARIOUS DISEASES. 321 
 
 and also meningitis, or inflammation of the membranes of the brain, give rise 
 to very much the same symptoms; therefore, we shall not need to take up 
 «ach separately as nearly all the parts are involved when one is inflamed. 
 
 CAUSES. — It can be safely stated that over-feeding on rich nutritious 
 foad without the pig's having enough exercise and fresh air is the most 
 tommon cause of these ailments. They are also caused by injuries, other 
 dliseases, feeding improper food, over exertion and a faulty circulation. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is generally dullness, loss of appetite and stag- 
 gering and these are followed by delirium and in some cases vomiting. The 
 pulse is fast and full. I have seen them chase chickens and run into things. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all, remove the cause as quickly as possible 
 if you can tell what it is. Give two or three ounces of epsom salts to open 
 tfae bowels. Give four drops of tincture of aconite every three hours, but 
 discontinue it if the pig vomits. Put ice packs on the head and keep them 
 on until the pig is better and apply some strong liniment at the junction 
 of the spinal cord and brain twice a day. 
 
 APOPLEXY. — This derangement is an ailment in hogs confined almost 
 exclusively to those that are too fat. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The attack comes on suddenly; if eating the hog will 
 stop and appear restless and act stupid; the eyes are blood-shot and promi- 
 sient and in a few moments the hog may fall, froth at the mouth and soon get 
 fflp. Other cases prove fatal. 
 
 TREATMENT. — I have known many recoveries to follow bleeding from 
 the veins of the leg, but these cases might have recovered without treatment. 
 When you bleed a hog suffering from apoplexy; tie a string around the 
 foreleg above the knee, open the vein on the inside of the leg and be sure 
 to use a clean knife or lancet. If it is a bad case, open the other vein of the 
 Joreleg and take away not less than a pint; or, perhaps one-half pint more 
 can be taken away to advantage. To close the wound use a clean pin, passing 
 it through both edges, and tie a string back of the pin; this will prevent 
 Meeding. In most cases it is good practice to give two or three ounces of 
 <epsom salts and reduce the food supply. If it occurs in summer, place the 
 hog in a cool place and apply cold water to the head. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR EPILEPSY.— 
 
 1. Aloes and Potassium Bromide. — Give one dram of aloes and follow 
 with ten-grain doses of potassium bromide. 
 
 BLIND STAGGERS.— This ailment is brought on by generous feed- 
 ing and keeping hogs in badly ventilated and filthy pens. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The hog is stupid, does not see well, runs against things, 
 moves in a circle and is likely to fall. It is sometimes caused by effusion 
 in the' brain and may develop quite suddenly. After he falls there is consid- 
 erable frothing at the mouth with hard breathing, jerking and stiffening of 
 the limbs. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply cold water to the head, place the pig in a com- 
 fortable place and give a dose of epsom salts. If the pig is less than three 
 months old a tablespoonful of salts is a large enough dose. If he is weak 
 give a teaspoonful of sweet spirits of nitre and a dessert spoonful of whiskey 
 in cold water as a drench ; and if high feeding and filth has caused it, reduce 
 the grain ration for a few days; also give the pig a dose of epsom salts once 
 a week for thirty days and keep the hog in a dry clean pen. 
 
332 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 PEOPLES HOME REMEDIES FOR BLIND STAGGERS.— 
 
 1. Cold Water.— Pour cold water on the head. 
 
 PARALYSIS. — This is a common ailment in pigs, mostly afifecting the 
 hind limbs and resulting in either partial or complete loss of power of the 
 limbs. 
 
 CAUSES. — It is not always easy to tell what causes paralysis ; however, 
 it is general 1}' the result of accident, some error in feeding or some other 
 sickness or disease. 
 
 TREATMENT.— If it is the result of a fractured back, destroy the hog; 
 but if the loss of power is only partial and the hind quarters possess sensa- 
 tion, then apply hot applications to the back or apply some good home 
 liniment, or mustard and water daily; or, apply equal parts of turpentine, 
 aqua ammonia and either sweet oil or raw linseed oil once a day. Give six 
 or eight drops of fluid extract of nux vomica and one-half teaspoonful of 
 fluid extract of buchu at a dose three times a day. The bowels should be 
 opened by giving castor oil or epsom salts and the hog should be fed laxa- 
 tive food. 
 
 CHOREA. — Chorea is a disease of the nervous system, characterized by 
 involuntary and convulsive muscular movements of one or more parts of the 
 body. The contractions are not rigid and persistent as in lockjaw but ap- 
 pear as though they were voluntary movements. 
 
 CAUSES. — There is an excited state of the nervous system, perhaps 
 the result of perverted nutrition of the nerves in the part afifected or possibljj 
 due to defective nutrition of the body. However, I have seen pigs and 'old 
 hogs affected with chorea that did not appear to be unhealthy; therefore, it 
 IS not easy to tell what brought it on. 
 
 TREATMENT. — I have obtained the best results by giving Fowler's 
 solution in four or five-drop doses and sub-carbonate of iron in one-quarter 
 to one-half-dram doses three times a day, or five drops of tincture of nux 
 vomica three times a day. 
 
 HOW TO TELL THE AGE OF A PIG.— At birth the young pig usu- 
 ally has eight teeth, four temporary incisors and four tushes ; at ten or twelve 
 days old the second and third temporary molars appear; at 30 days, four in- 
 cisors are out, two in the upper and two in the lower jaw ; at the sixth or 
 seventh week the front molars can be seen and at three or three and one-half 
 months, four more are in, two in each jaw; now all the temporary or milk 
 teeth are in. At six or seven months a tooth appears just behind the tem- 
 porary tushes on both sides and in the upper jaw just in front of the grinders 
 we also find the fourth molar coming through the gum. At nine months 
 the comer incisor teeth are displaced and the permanent ones come in their 
 place ; also, the permanent tushes come at this time and the fifth grinders on 
 each side of the jaws come at this time. At twelve months the middle in- 
 cisors are replaced by permanent ones and the temporary incisors are shed 
 and replaced by permanent ones, and at eighteen months the hog has a full 
 set of teeth as the lateral incisors and sixth molars are up and in good order. 
 In estimating the age of a pig it is well to take in his general appearance for 
 some of them have a full set of permanent teeth a month or six weeks earlier 
 than others. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR KEEPING HOGS IN HEALTH.— 
 1 Salt and Lime. — Mix equal parts of salt and air-slacked lime and 
 
HOGS— VARIOUS DISEASES. 3^3 
 
 keep this mixture before the hogs all the time if you would keep them in good 
 health. 
 
 2. Sulphur and Charcoal, — Occasionally feed the hogs a little sulphur in 
 their feed. Also keep plenty of charcoal where they can get it whenever they 
 desire. 
 
 3. Salt and Ashes. — Feed salt and ashes at least once a week if you 
 would keep them in health. 
 
 4. Soft Coal. — Feed the hogs all the soft coal they will eat and they 
 will eat ^ lot of it. 
 
 5. Tobacco. — A teaspoonful of tobacco once a week will keep the hogs 
 in good condition. 
 
 6. Burnt Com. — Burnt corn is a good form of charcoal to give the hogs. 
 PEOPLE'S SUGGESTIONS AND RULES AS TO THE CARE, FEED- 
 ING AND RAISING OF HOGS.— 
 
 1. The pens should be warm but well ventilated at the top. 
 
 2. The floor of the pen should be covered with a foot of clay. 
 
 3. The feeding floor should be open to the sun but should have a goo^ 
 slope so as to carry off the rain. 
 
 4. The surrounding ground should slope away from the pen so as to 
 carry off water and refuse. 
 
 5. The hogs should at all times have access to a stream of pure run- 
 ning water. 
 
 6. The stomach should be kept in good condition and not overloaded. 
 
 7. Hogs fed on corn should also have green food and sour slop may 
 also be fed to advantage. 
 
 8. If the hogs are kept on clover they should not have slops but should 
 have potatoes, turnips or other roots. 
 
 9. If the tongues are contracted and red the hogs should have some 
 slops or should be turned on clover. 
 
 10. If the tongues are large, pale and flabby the hogs should have corn 
 and cooked roots and should be given soda in the feed. 
 
 11. Where the hogs are kept on clover, a .d root vegetables cannot be 
 given them, they should have plenty of soda and lime. 
 
 12. Keep their pens clean and free from lice and at once separate a»y 
 sick ones from the rest of the herd. 
 
 13. See that they have plenty of charcoal, ashes, and salt. 
 
 14. In case of disease use disinfectants freely. 
 
POULTRY. 
 
 (Including Roup, Pip, Gapes, Diphtheria, Bronchitis, Catarrh, Canker, Crop- 
 Bound, Inflammation of Egg Passage, Vertigo, Rheumatism, Scaly Legs, 
 Leg Weakness, Worms, Diarrhea, Chicken Cholera, Contagious Bowel 
 and Liver Disease, White Diarrhea, Lice, Caponizing and Valuable Poul- 
 try Secrets.) 
 
 ROUP.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Roup is caused by a micro-organism and of course is a 
 highly contagious disease and one that is quite destructive to poultry. It 
 is supposed to result from other debilitating diseases but this is a mistake. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The early symptoms are much the same as in catarrh, the 
 discharge being thick, sticky and offensive. The eyelids swell, the sides of 
 the face bulge and the bird seems to grow weak rapidly and if the disease 
 is not checked death results. 
 
 TREATMENT.— When this contagious disease exists in a small flock 
 of chickens that are of small value it is often good business judgment to kill 
 and burn every one of the fowls for, all things considered, it is the least 
 expensive way out of the trouble. The healthy and well birds should be 
 moved away at once to a clean place and the diseased ones treated where'they 
 are. This will prevent spreading the contagion. Give at once a dessert 
 spoonful of castor oil and repeat in twelve hours if it does not act. Put a 
 teaspoonful of carbolic acid and a tablespoonful of glycerine into a pint of 
 water and syringe some into the slit in the roof of the mouth twice a day. 
 Put some finely powdered boric acid into the eyes daily and drop a small 
 quantity of calomel into the eyes three times a week. Some poultry raisers 
 use kerosene and others use one dram of sulphate of copper dissolved in a pint 
 of water and inject into the nose once a day. The coop and all food and 
 water dishes should be either scalded or disinfected before they are used. 
 One part carbolic acid and fifty of water or one part coal-tar disinfectant 
 and thirty of water are the right proportions. If you do not thoroughly dis- 
 infect and clean the poultry house, do not keep other well poultry in it for 
 three or four months. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR ROUP.— 
 
 1. Carbolic Acid, Etc.— The eyes, mouth and throat should be bathed 
 with a solution of ten grains of carbolic acid in an ounce of water. Feed 
 soft feed in which is mixed either black or cayenne pepper. Also put a few 
 drops of hartshorn into the drinking water. Keep in a clean warm place. 
 
 _ 2._ Sulphur and Lard. — Mix sulphur and lard, make into pills and put 
 a pill into the throat of each chicken that has the roup. 
 
 3. Coal Oil. — Hold the chicken's head under coal oil until it breathes 
 once. 
 
 PIP. — This ailment usually follows sore mouth, a crust or scale forming 
 on the tip of the tongue which seems to be irritated from the fowl's breath- 
 ing through the mouth when the head is stopped up from catarrh or cold in 
 the head. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Soften the scale by applying either sweet oil, gly- 
 
 224 
 
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 ROUP. 
 
 SCABIES. 
 
 GAPES. 
 
 CHOLERA. 
 
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 OPEN FRONT POULTRY HOUSE. 
 When kept in open front houses poultry is remarkably free from disease, 
 vas curtain is dropped when weather is below zero. 
 
DR. FAIR CAPONIZING A ROOSTER. 
 Capons bring fancy prices and much money is made by poultry raisers who under- 
 stand caponizing. 
 
 (Photographed especially for this book.) 
 
POULTRY DISEASES. 225 
 
 cerine or cream and wash out the mouth with a solution of boric acid and 
 water, which is made by dissolving all the boric acid the water will absorb. 
 Or, put one ounce of chlorate of potash and two drams of borax into one 
 quart of water and wash out the mouth twice a day. If the bowels are cos- 
 tive give a teaspoonful of castor oil daily until they open. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PIP.— 
 
 1. Butter and Scotch Snuff. — Remove the thickened membrane from the 
 tongue with the finger nails. Make some pills by mixing Scotch snuff with 
 butter and put two or three of these pills down the chicken's throat. Keep 
 the chicken from the cold and damp. 
 
 3. Butter, Pepper, Garlic and Horseradish. — Make some pills by mixing 
 some butter, pepper, garlic and horseradish and, after removing the lump 
 from the tongue, put two or three of these pills down the chicken's throat. 
 GAPES.— 
 
 CAUSES. — ^This ailment is caused by a small red worm which lodges 
 in the windpipe of chickens from two to five months old. This worm is 
 generally closely attached to the lining of the windpipe. The male is about 
 one-fourth of an inch in length and the female is almost twice as long and 
 they are very often found close together. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — When chickens have gapes they usually open and close 
 the mouth frequently. In very bad cases they cough, seem droopy, show 
 great weakness and soon die. When opened the worms are found without 
 trouble. 
 
 TREATMENT. — In order to cure the gapes you must be able to kill the 
 worms that are causing it. Take a small swab or stripped feather, dip it 
 into either tincture of chloride of iron or turpentine and insert it in the 
 opening to the windpipe at the base of the tongue and turn it around very 
 gently a time or two and then withdraw. This will perhaps be all that is 
 necessary to effect a cure. In very young chickens apply one part of tur- 
 pentine and four parts of lard or vaseline to the throats daily. Season the 
 food with pepper, onions, ginger or gentian, adding some asafetida. Sepa- 
 rate the sick and well and keep the fowls in a dry place. Use disinfectants 
 freely and burn the droppings of the sick ones. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR GAPES IN POULTRY.— 
 
 1. Smoking with Tobacco. — Put the chickens into a box containing a 
 pan of live coals upon which has been sprinkled some fine cut tobacco. The 
 pan should be fixed so that the chickens cannot get into it and the box 
 should be covered with an old sack or piece of carpet. The chickens should 
 be left in the box until they become drunk or stupefied but not long enough 
 to smother them. The first time you try this treatment you will think you 
 have killed all your chickens but if they are watched and not smoked too long 
 there is no danger and the chickens will revive when fresh air is admitted. 
 The tobacco smoke kills the little red worms in the throat which are the cause 
 of gapes. This treatment never fails. 
 
 2. Air-Slacked Lime. — Put the chickens into a tight box and over this 
 spread a piece of cloth and through this sift some air-slacked lime. The air 
 in the box will thus be full of fine particles of lime and breathing this will 
 kill the little worms that cause this disease. Do not leave the chickens 
 in the box long enough to smother them. 
 
 3. Camphor. — Put camphor in the drinking water if you would cure 
 the chickens of gapes. 
 
 8—16 
 
326 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 4. Tallow and Oatmeal Porridge. — Melt a tallow candle and mix with 
 a quart of thick oatmeal porridge and feed to the chickens. 
 
 5. Turpentine. — Give the chick five or six drops of spirits of turpentine 
 three times a day until cured. Another way to administer the turpentine is 
 to dip a feather into the turpentine and then carefully swab out the throat 
 or windpipe. This must be r done with care. 
 
 6. Carbolic Acid. — Put some carbolic acid into a large spoon and hold 
 over a lamp. Hold the chicken's head over this until it breathes in enough 
 of the fumes to become almost suffocated. This will kill the gape worms 
 that cause the trouble. 
 
 7. Sulphur and Alum. — Mix two parts of sulphur with one part of pul- 
 verized alum and blow this mixture down the throat. This may be re- 
 peated two or three times if necessary. 
 
 8. Soft Soap. — Make some pills by mixing some soft soap with dough 
 and give each chicken one of these pills. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA. — This disease gives rise to, many symptoms which are 
 similar to roup or contagious catarrh. It is necessary to make a close ex- 
 amination in order to distinguish between the two diseases. Being a con- 
 tagious disease it is spread in much the same manner. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — In addition to the symptoms of roup, the tongue, mouth, > 
 throat and windpipe are covered with false membranes which present a 
 grayish color and when removed the parts underneath are left raw and usu- 
 ally bleeding. This condition we do not as a rule find in roup. 
 
 TREATMENT. — ^The treatment should be similar to that for roup but 
 the tongue and mouth should be treated with one part glycerine and three 
 parts tincture iodine twice a day for a few days. Then apply either sweet 
 oil or glycerine. Put a dessert spoonful of carbolic acid into a pint of water 
 and use it the same as for roup. I have obtained fairly good results by using 
 protargol and water, also permanganate of potash and water, and thought 
 that coal-tar disinfectant applied full strength helped effect a cure. Sickly . 
 weak children, and in fact ail young children, should be kept away from them. 
 This disease, however, differs from diphtheria in man and if contracted is 
 not nearly so dangerous. 
 BRONCHITIS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — When catarrh of the upper air passages extends into the tubes 
 of the lungs it is called bronchitis. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — If you listen with the ear at the breast, a wheezing sound 
 will be heard. The fowl holds the head high, coughs some, is dumpish and 
 a bad odor comes from the nose. 
 
 TREATMENT.— Make the fowl as comfortable as possible by placing 
 it in a clean, well ventilated place. Dip the nose into one part of peroxide 
 of hydrogen and four parts of water twice a day. Steam the head with 
 carbolic acid and hot water once a day. Put one-half ounce of chlorate of 
 potassium and one-fourth ounce of citrate of iron into a gallon of drinking 
 water and let them have what they want. If the bowels are costive give a 
 teaspoonful of castor oil twice a day until they move freely. 
 CATARRH.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Poultry that are kept in damp filthy houses or coops and roost 
 in windy places are very likely to suffer from catarrh. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The eyelids usually swell some. At first a watery dis- 
 charge comes from tbe nose to be followed later by a thicker mucus and the 
 
POULTRY DISEASES. , 237 
 
 face on each side generally swells some. In bad cases the fowls breathe 
 with a little difficulty. 
 
 TREATMENT. — As soon as possible remove the fowls to a dry com- 
 fortable place which is free from drafts and feed them easily-digested food, 
 highly seasoned with either black or red pepper or ginger. Wash out the 
 mouth, nostrilp and eyes with a saturated solution of boric acid. This is 
 prepared by dissolving as much boric acid as the water will take up and it 
 should be applied twice a day. One part peroxide of hydrogen and four parts 
 of water applied to the mouth and nostrils removes the mucus and makes 
 breathing easier and thus assists in bringing about a recovery. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR EPIZOOTIC— 
 
 1. Tar and Asafetida. — Mix some tar and asafetida and give ten drops 
 twice a day in the feed. Also feed a warm bran mash once a day. 
 CANKER- 
 CAUSES. — Feeding chickens filthy, putrid and diseased meat and keeping 
 them in coops that are filled with foul gas and in unsanitary quarters of any 
 kind are likely to induce canker in fowls. Musty, badly-cured grain that 
 has been kept in damp places also seems to cause canker. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Suppurating sores on the top of the head and also in 
 the mouth and throat, with some discharge from the eyes are the leading 
 symptoms of canker. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Wash the sores with peroxide of hydrogen, one part, 
 and water three parts, twice a day. Ten minutes later apply boric acid 
 and water, as much acid as the water will absorb ; or, one part of carbolic acid 
 to thirty parts of water should be carefully applied to the ulcers twice daily. 
 Touching the sore with one part of sulphate of copper and fifty parts of water 
 helps heal them. Any good family mouth wash or healing powder will 
 help heal canker sores in chickens. 
 CROP-BOUND.— 
 
 CAUSES. — Chickens that swallow pieces of bone or sticks and eat too 
 much food that is dry, which, when meeting with moisture becomes a hard 
 mass, are the fowls which sufifer from crop-bound. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is loss of appetite, dullness and drowsiness and 
 the crop is bulged out and very hard. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give castor oil, sweet oil, fresh butter or lard to soften 
 the contents of the crop. Then hold the head down, hand-rub the crop and 
 gradually work the food out of the body. If this fails, open the crop and re- 
 move its contents, then stitch up the crop and the chicken will soon be well. 
 After this operation feed often but not much food at a time as the crop 
 should not be distfended too much until it is healed. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE EGG PASSAGE.— It is not always an 
 easy matter to tell what brings on an inflammation of the egg passage but, 
 fortunately, it is not by any means a common ailment in poultry. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms are an inflamed inside of the passage and 
 frequent straining. If the yolk of the egg is pressed out and is found cov- 
 ered with blood, the whole passage is then more or less irritated. The chicken 
 has fever and the feathers appear dry and rough. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give epsom salts to open the bowels; one-half tea- 
 spoonful is a full dose for a large chicken and the medicine should be given 
 daily until the desired effect is produced. Also give one-fourth grain of calo- 
 mel to act on the liver, and this medicine should be given twice a week for 
 
338 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 two weeks. Feed vegetables instead of grain while the fowl has fever. A 
 chicken of small value is hardly worth what it costs to treat it. 
 
 APOPLEXY. — Apoplexy is generally brought on by too generous feeding 
 and insufificient exercise and is perhaps sometimes the result of straining in 
 laying eggs. It is also induced by keeping fowls in close confinement in 
 filthy coops where the air is foul. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— The attack is sudden and death follows quickly. How- 
 ever, if the case is a mild one the chicken is dumpish and stupid for several 
 days before it comes on. 
 
 TREATMENT. — More can be done in the line of prevention than in 
 the way of curing. After the attack is on it is generally too late for treat- 
 ment for the chicken soon dies. If the chicken is noticed to be dizzy or in- 
 clined to fall, apply cold applications to the head or let a stream of cold water 
 run on the head for a few minutes. Give epsom salt^ to open the bowels and 
 reduce the food supply, especially their grain ration. 
 VERTIGO.— 
 
 CAUSES. — This dizzy, fitty condition of fowls is generally the result of 
 high feeding on rich nutritious food, want of exercise, too much hot sun or 
 worms. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The chicken usually runs in a sort of circle with the head 
 high and frequently falls down. 
 
 TREATMENT. — As soon as possible apply ice water to the head or turn 
 on a stream, of cold water. Give a cathartic such as a dessert spoonful of 
 castor oil or a few grains of jalap or one-half dram of either sulphate of soda 
 or sulphate of magnesia or two tablespooonfuls of sweet oil or raw linseed 
 oil. Feed vegetables and keep in a cool place, also make the fowls exercise 
 some every day. 
 RHEUMATISM.— 
 
 CAUSES. — ^This comes from eating too much lean meat, running in tall 
 wet grass, being out in rainy weather too much and roosting in foul damp 
 places. It also comes from eating too much sour acid-producing food. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — Shifting lameness is one of the most certain symptoms 
 of rheumatic ailments. The foot or lower joints are most often affected. 
 
 TREATMENT.— A removal of the cause is the first step that should be 
 taken in the treatment of this ailment. Keep the fowls in a dry place, change 
 their food and if the bowels are costive give one-third teaspoonful of epsom 
 salts or Glauber's salts to open the bowels. Also give two grains of salicylate 
 of soda or the same quantity of salicylic acid ; or, give either citrate or carbon- 
 ate of potash in two-grain doses twice or three times a day. Apply equal parts 
 of spirits of camphor, witch hazel and alcohol to the sore joints twice a day. 
 SCALY LEGS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — ^This ailment is the result of small parasites which burrow 
 under the skin. It is a contagious disease ; therefore, should not be neglected. 
 
 TREATMENT.— The coal-tar preparations applied full strength or 
 kerosene applied to the legs every day or two will soon make them better. 
 The diseased ones should be removed from the healthy and kept away until 
 all the diseased poultry are cured. Apply kerosene about the hen coop and 
 disinfect thoroughly or you will fail to stamp it out. It is a good plan to 
 scrape and clean the legs thoroughly but, before doing so, soak the feet and 
 legs in warm water and then scrape off the scales. Do not neglect to apply 
 some kerosene to the legs occasionally, also some vaseline two or three times 
 
POULTRY DISEASES. 239 
 
 a week until you are sure the fowls are free from disease. Washing the legs 
 with soap and water, adding a tablespoonful of kerosene to each quart of suds, 
 will keep the legs in good condition. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR SCALY LEGS.— 
 
 1. Crude Oil. — Apply crude oil or blackstrap to the scaly legs. 
 
 2. Kerosene and Lard. — Mix a teaspoonful of kerosene oil with two 
 ounces of lard and apply thoroughly to the legs of the chickens affected. 
 LEG WEAKNESS.— 
 
 CAUSES. — It is not always an easy matter to tell what is causing leg 
 weakness in poultry. However, inbreeding, close confinement, want of suffi- 
 cient outdoor air and exercise and lack of proper food to nourish the body 
 are among the causes. Young male fowls seem to be the ones mosc likely 
 to become affected and the larger breeds appear to suffer most. This ailment 
 is very often a result of some other sickness and I have known of debilitated 
 fowls, that had become so from being lousy, to be treated for leg weakness. It 
 is well to keep in mind that poultry should be fed a balanced ration from the 
 time they are hatched. If not, they may become rickety and leg weak. 
 
 SYMPTOMS.— The bird walks with difficulty, is inclined to stop and 
 rest very often and in many cases is unable to stand at all. Strange to say, 
 upon examination of the legs they are very often found free from pain or 
 swelling. ' 
 
 TREATMENT. — Be sure to examine for lice of all kinds before pre- 
 scribing treatment and^ if possible, remove the cause for this may be the 
 means of your success in making them well. To be successful in treating 
 such an ailment you should first try hard to ascertain the cause. After a re- 
 moval of the cause the symptoms will soon moderate and the fowl perhaps 
 recover. Feed some meat, grain and vegetables ; also give five grains citrate 
 of iron at a dose twice a day; or give some copperas and phosphate of lime 
 in their feed twice daily. Give them lime water to drink or give some lime 
 in their feed. The dose of copperas is six or eight grains and ten grains of 
 phosphate of lime is a dose. However, neither are very poisonous and larger 
 doses can be given. Lime is a very common remedy for leg weakness but it 
 should be air-slacked before it is fed. One-quarter of a teaspoonful at a dose 
 is enough and it should be given once or twice a day. Be sure to allow the 
 chickens to exercise, and feed them some vegetables. 
 
 WORMS. — Poultry that run on the same small lot year after year always 
 get wormy and suffer from both round worms and tapeworms. It is true 
 that many fowls do not have enough worms to interfere with their general 
 health ; however, a great many chickens have enough to prevent their grow- 
 ing as rapidly as they would if free from them. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — If a chicken has many worms it will seem dull, some- 
 times purge, grow thin and lose condition, become uneasy and will not 
 thrive. If the bowel movements are closely examined you will find the ex- 
 crement contains many small worms and eggs. I suggest the use of your 
 magnifying glass to determine whether the dung contains small worms, eggs 
 
 or worm embryor , , . 
 
 TREATMENT.— For the round worms give a teaspoonful of castor oil 
 to which has been added five grains of powdered kamala and ten drops of 
 turpentine. Or, give three grains sulphate of iron and ten grains ground gen- 
 tian ; or, feed the fowls some pumpkin seeds or carrots either raw or cooked. 
 I prefer to feed the carrots raw. Or, give santonine in doses of one, two, or 
 
230 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 even three grains to a large chicken, once a day on an empty crop. If you 
 are sure any of your fowls have tapeworms, do not feed them for 15 or 20 
 hours and then give five grains of powdered kamala, five drops oil male fern 
 and eight drops turpentine in a teaspoonful of castor oil and it will be quite 
 sure to bring the tapeworm away. 
 DIARRHEA.— 
 
 CAUSES. — ^This is caused by exposure to too much wet during cold 
 weather, by filth, and by feeding on too much constipating food without 
 exercise. It is also caused by eating early grass, roosting in damp places and 
 is often the result of other ailments. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Feed well cooked barley meal and add some ginger, 
 catechu and prepared chalk. In order to check the excessive bowel dis- 
 charges give four drops of tincture of opium, four drops of spirits of camphor 
 and three drops of fluid extract of cinnamon, every six hours until the medi- 
 cine seems to produce results. Put sulphate of iron in their drinking water. 
 If the fowl is not too weak when taken sick, a teaspoonful of castor oil will 
 do good. 
 CHICKEN CHOLERA.— 
 
 CAUSES. — This contagious disease is caused by a micro-organism and 
 is perhaps produced by crowding poultry into filthy, damp, ill-ventilated 
 quarters and by forcing them to live on dirty, filthy and unwholesome food. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^The fowl is always dull, dumpish and droopy. It has 
 great thirst and walks slowly. The comb and wattles grow pale and lose 
 freshness and the crop fills with gas, digestion ceases, diarrhea sets in and 
 the passages are yellow and quite frequent. The breathing is quick and 
 the eyes appear very dull and are partly closed and the fowl soon dies. 
 
 TREATMENT. — The first step should be to remove the healthy from 
 the sick and thoroughly disinfect the coop. Veterinarians and chicken raisers 
 are not yet quite sure that a remedy has oeen found for cholera. I believe in 
 burning all refuse and roosting poles. Then saturate the floor with one part 
 of carbolic acid and ninety-nine parts of water daily for a few days. Also 
 apply this to all the interior of the coop or whitewash with chloride of lime. 
 Also use coal-tar disinfectant freely about the premises and continue to do so 
 until you are certain that no infection remains. Should any fowl show any 
 of the symptoms of cholera remove it at once. By doing so you will finally 
 get rid of this disease. Many times thoroughness as to cleaning will prevent 
 the disease spreading, so do not be slack in dealing with this highly con- 
 tagious ailment. I have obtained good results by giving carbolic acid in small 
 doses. Put one dram into one quart of water and give each fowl a teaspoon- 
 ful at a dose two or three times a day. Or, give hypo-sulphite of soda and 
 gentian. Put one and one-half ounces of hypo-sulphite of soda and three 
 ounces of tincture of gentian into one quart of water and give one teaspoonful 
 at a dose two or three times a day. > Another inexpensive remedy is made 
 by dissolving two or three drams of sulphate of iron in a quart of water 
 and giving a dessert spoonful to each full grown chicken two or three times 
 a day. Keep your poultry strong by giving tonics such as gentian, cinchona 
 and ginger in the feed twice a day. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR CHICKEN CHOLERA.— 
 
 1. Kerosene. — Feed corn that has been soaked in kerosene for ten or 
 twelve hours. Repeat several times. 
 
 2. Cholera Mixture.— ^Take one pound each of charcoal and sulphur. 
 
POULTRY DISEASES. 231 
 
 one-half pound of copperas, ten grains of calomel and one grain of salicylic 
 acid. Mix, and grind to a fine powder. The, dose is a tablespoonful for a 
 dozen fowls. Give once a day in moist meal. 
 
 3. Salt, Etc. — Mix plenty of salt with the feed. Also keep plenty 6i 
 fresh water before them and keep their surrounding^ cjean. 
 
 4r. Douglass Mixture. — Carefully mix an ounce of sulphuric acid with a 
 gallon of water. In another gallon of water dissolve half a pound of cop- 
 peras. Mix the two together and keep tightly corked. Put from two tea- 
 spoonfuls to two tablespoonfuls into each quart of drinking water. This is 
 a good tonic and a preventive and cure for cholera. 
 
 5. Castor Oil and Carbolic Acid. — Into each gallon of drinking water 
 put one-half teaspoonful of carbolic acid. Also give each chicken a teaspoon- 
 ful of castor oil. 
 
 6. Salts. — As a preventive put a teaspoonful of salts into each gallon 
 of drinking water. 
 
 7. Alum and Saltpeter. — Dissolve alum and saltpeter in the drinking 
 water. Use equal parts of each. This is a preventive of chicken cholera. 
 
 8. Carbolic Acid and Glycerine. — To a quart of water add a dram of 
 carbolic acid and an ounce of glycerine and of this mixture use two table- 
 spoonfuls to a gallon of drinking water. 
 
 9. Onions and Ginger. — Put chopped onions and ginger in thi feed 
 once a day for a week or so. 
 
 BLACK HEAD— CONTAGIOtJS BOWEL AND LIVER DISEASE.- 
 
 CAUSES. — This disease is caused by a micro-organism belonging to . 
 family called the protozoa. These parasites are no doubt taken in with the 
 food or water supply and upon reaching the two blind portions of the intes- 
 tinal tract they halt and there multiply rapidly, setting up more or less 
 inflammation and enlarging the bowels and liver. A thickening of the walls 
 of the intestines takes place and the liver becomes covered with spots yellow 
 in color. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — During the early part of the sickness the fowl appears 
 ■dull, hangs the head and some time later the bowels loosen and move too 
 freely, then the bird begins to show unthriftiness. Young fowls are the 
 most likely to suffer and the disease runs a slow course. Very often the comb 
 loses its rich red color and turns dark, hence the name " black head." When 
 opened after death, the liver is found to be too large and usually covered 
 with grayish-yellow spots. The intestines are inflamed and their wall very 
 thick. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Very little can be done for turkeys or chickens when 
 they suffer from black head more than to give tonics. Feed them well and 
 give hypo-sulphite of soda in the drinking water; or, give copperas or 
 gentian in the feed. When this disease finds its way into a flock of turkeys, 
 dispose of them as soon as possible for the disease is not going to be easily 
 checked. It is always a difficult task to get rid of this disease and if you 
 fail, dispose of the whole flock and give up raising turkeys for not less than 
 two years. Then you can pretty safely start over again. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PARASITIC BOWEL DISEASE.— 
 
 1. Citrate of Iron. — Dissolve 40 grains of citrate of iron in each quart of 
 drinking water. 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR LICE.— 
 
 1. Sulphur as a Preventive. — Two or three times a week put a handful 
 of sulphur into the feed and the chickens will never be troubled with lic<-- 
 
332 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 2. Kerosene and Lard. — Kerosene and lard make a mixture that will 
 kill the lice every time. 
 
 3. Dust and Ashes. — Mix wood ashes with fine dry road dust and keep in 
 the hen house all the time. Also add a little carbolic acid to some white- 
 wash and whitewash .the premises occasionally, 
 
 4. Castor Oil. — A little castor oil rubbed on the head and under the 
 wings of setting hens will prove effective. 
 
 5. Coal Oil. — Spray the house, roosts and nests every two or three weeks 
 with a mixture of equal parts of kerosene oil and water, 
 
 6. Tobacco or Sulphur. — A few leaves of tobacco or a little sulphur in 
 the nests of setting hens will keep away the lice. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR PULLING AND EATING 
 FEATHERS.— 
 
 1. Salt. — Put a teaspoonful of salt into two quarts of moistened meal 
 or shorts and give twice a week. If the fowls have plenty of salt they will 
 not form the habit of pulling and eating their feathers. 
 
 2. Salt Pork. — Chop some salt pork with the feed and give twice a 
 week if you would prevent this habit. 
 
 PEOPLE'S HOME TONIC FOR POULTRY.— 
 
 1 Black Pepper. — To two and one-half pounds of corn meal add one 
 ounce of black pepper. This is a stimulant and tonic for all kinds of poul- 
 try, *> 
 PEOPLE'S HOME REMEDIES FOR EGG-EATING HENS.— 
 
 1. Mustard. — Let out the contents of an egg through a small opening 
 in the large end. Beat some strong mustard into the egg and refill the 
 shell, pasting a piece of cloth over the opening. Place where the hens can 
 get at it and after attempting to eat it they are very likely to think twice 
 before trying to eat another egg. 
 
 WHITE DIARRHEA. — White diarrhea in poultry is caused by a germ 
 of low vitality which harbors in the caecum, or blind intestinal pouch, and sets 
 up irritation and excessive bowel action causing great weakness and very 
 often death. Chicks between two and six weeks old and even younger seem 
 to be the ones generally affected. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — ^There is dullness, weakness, and loss of appetite accom- 
 panied by a white, pasty fecal discharge. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Treatment in such cases is by no means satisfactory 
 for this ailment is not well understood; however, fairly good results follow 
 giving small doses of castor oil, sweet oil or turpentine; or, dissolve five or 
 ten grains of citrate of iron in each gallon of their drinking water. 
 
 Prevention. — More can be accomplished in the line of prevention than by 
 medication after the chick takes sick. Eggs used for hatching should be 
 cleansed by washing them in a ninety-five per cent, solution of alcohol and 
 if an incubator is used it should first be thoroughly disinfected. Formalde- 
 hyde is the best disinfectant to use ; also expose the incubator to sunlight and 
 fresh air or put in a heated oven. The egg trays should be thoroughly steril- 
 ized as often as convenient. The brooders should also come in for their 
 share of disinfection and sterilization; they should be kept scrupulously 
 clean. It is also important to treat the ground that the chicks run on — this 
 should be kept clean; it should be cultivated and lime mixed through the 
 soil; furthermore, the land should be exposed to the sunlight. If hens are 
 
POULTRY— CAPONIZING. 233 
 
 to hatch out the eggs their nests should be clean or composed of fresh straw 
 or absorbent cotton with a little oakum or tar paper in the bottom. 
 
 CAPONIZING. 
 
 It is needless for me to say that caponizing cockerels, if done properly, 
 will prove profitable to poultry raisers. The operation is by no means a difh- 
 cult one to perform and it requires but a few lessons to teach any poultry 
 raiser how to operate, but before attempting to do so secure a set of instru- 
 ments suitable for doing the work and it will pay you well. 
 
 Directions. — Select the cockerels you expect to operate on, place them in 
 a dry clean place that has been disinfected, give them neither food nor water 
 for thirty hours or feed them lightly for a day or two to have the bowels as 
 empty as possible. Place the fowl on his left side, tie his legs with a tape or 
 string, also tie the wings together and fasten to a 3-lb. weight or to table 
 and the legs may also be tied to table ; this keeps the fowl in position during 
 the operation. Clip off feathers just in front of the thigh joint; apply one 
 part bichloride of mercury and one thousand parts water to the skin or use per- 
 oxide of hydrogen or carbolic acid, one part to fifty of water. Make an 
 incision not more than two inches nor less than one and one-half inches long 
 between the last two ribs. Avoid cutting the intestines (if they are full you 
 may do it occasionally). If the wound bleeds, halt a moment until it ceases. 
 Use the spreader to keep the woimd open; pick up glistening lining with a 
 hook ; cut or tear it open to get into the bird ; then you will plainly see one 
 testicle lying close up to back and covered with a sort of film which can either 
 be cut open or taken away with the testicle. Now slip the wire between the 
 artery and testicle, making a loop ; and then cut off testicle. Then repeat 
 the operation in removing the other testicle through the same opening. 
 Understand, the loop is brought through a canula and the end of canula 
 should be kept down close to the testicle when it is cut off. Caution. — 
 Be sure to drop no dirt or pieces of feathers into the abdomen when operating ; 
 . have clean instruments and hands when you operate and remem 5er that most 
 deaths occur from hemorrhage. This is on account of cutting off an artery 
 which lies just back of the testicle. I find that many poultry raisers do not 
 use proper cleanliness when operating. I have never failed to teach farmers 
 quickly how to caponize but it should be done only by showing them how 
 «nd standing over them during their first operations. 
 
 VALUABLE POULTRY SECRETS. 
 
 SPROUTED OATS. 
 A Great Egg Producer. 
 
 How to Make a Bushel of Green Winter Feed for Ten Cents. — Cover 
 a pailful of ordinary oats with water and if it is summer time let them soak 
 for five or six hours' but if winter time they should soak for twenty-four hours. 
 Then turn them into a pail twice the size of the first one and that has pre- 
 viously had a half-inch hole bored in the bottom so as to allow drainage. Set 
 them in a moderately warm place for three or four days or until they are wel^ 
 
284 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 sprouted and begin to heat. They should be sprinkled with water once a day 
 and should always be kept covered with a blanket o^f old sack. It is best 
 to grow them in a cellar. In the summer time use cold water and in the 
 winter warm water. When they have become a mass of sprouts they shoiild 
 be spread three or four inches thick in a box that has also had one or two 
 half-inch holes bored in it. When in this box they should also be sprinkled 
 and stirred each day. They make the best feed when the sprouts are from 
 half an inch to an inch long. One bushel of good oats properly treated will 
 make four or five bushels of sprouted or processed oats. In this way you 
 not only get the full value of the nutriment in the oats but you also have a 
 green food for winter use that will start the hens to laying quickly. Twice 
 a day give the laying hens all they will eat. A teaspponful each of salt and 
 cayenne pepper added to each pailful of oats will give excellent results. 
 When the sprouts are half an inch long they make a fine chick food and 
 may be given to chicks three times a day after they are a week old. This 
 makes a good food for turkeys, ducks and geese as well as chickens. 
 
 HOW TO MAKE MONEY ON CHICKENS. 
 
 Rules and Suggestions Gathered from the Most Successful Poultry Raisers 
 
 in the World. 
 
 1. Use open-front hen houses or houses open on the south side and 
 only protected by muslin curtains. Curtains to be dropped in zero weather 
 only. 
 
 3. Keep houses perfectly clean. Dropping boards to be cleaned at least 
 once a week and floors as often as the litter becomes soiled or damp. 
 
 3. At least twice a year whitewash the buildings thoroughly, using 
 carbolic acid in the whitewash to keep away vermin. If this is done you will 
 not be troubled with mites. 
 
 4. To jet eggs in winter you must make the hens exercise. Do this 
 by keeping \he floor well covered with from six to twelve inches of clean, 
 dry straw in which scatter the morning and evening feed, thus making them 
 work for what they get to eat. 
 
 5. Feed all the hens will eat, twice a day. Feed a balanced ration, 
 giving wheat, oats and barley in equal portions and in the summer add an 
 equal portion of corn but in the winter add three times as much corn. The 
 proportions may be varied to suit t!.e inclination of the fowls. 
 
 6. You cannot expect many eggs in the winter unless you give plenty 
 of green food. Sliced beets are gogd, also keep the feeding rack full of short 
 cut clover. The hens are fond of clover and you can depend on its produc- 
 ing eggs. Sprinkle the clover with water and let it stand a day before feeding. 
 
 7. A good and inexpensive green food is made by sprouting oats. You 
 thus get a good green food for winter use .at a cost of about ten cents per 
 bushel. Directions for making these sprouted or processed oats are given 
 elsewhere. 
 
 8. Keep beef scrap, oyster shell, and grit constantly before the hens. 
 Keep these in hoppers to avoid waste. 
 
 9. Keep fresh, clean, drinking water before the fowls all the time. Clean 
 the water dishes every day= 
 
VALUABLE POULTRY SECRETS. 235 
 
 10. Avoid disease by the free use of disinfectants, such as carbolic acid 
 and formaldehyde. 
 
 11. Keep a box of clean, dry dust in a sunny corner of the poultry house. 
 This is important. 
 
 12. Do not over-crowd the hens and do not keep too many in one 
 building. 
 
 13. Hens do best in flocks of not more than fifty. 
 
 14. Allow one cock for every twelve or fifteen hens in the breeding pens. 
 No cocks in the laying pens. 
 
 15. Allow plenty of fresh air at all times but do not have drafts. 
 
 16. Keep the hens free from lice. 
 
 17. In the summer the chickens should have free range. If this is im- 
 possible they should be supplied with plenty of green food. 
 
 18. For breeding purposes use only your best and healthiest stock. 
 
 19. If you want to breed for the best egg production, get trap nests 
 and keep a record of each hen and breed only from the hens that show the 
 greatest yearly production of eggs. 
 
 30. In the poultry business it is attention to details that counts. Ob- 
 serve regularity in feeding, cleaning, and filling the hoppers and look after 
 the comfort of the hens at all times. 
 
 21. One breed well cared for will pay better than too many breeds. 
 
 23. If you feed a mash do so in the morning but do not feed enough to 
 keep them from exercising. Many poultry raisers give dry feed exclusively. 
 
HOUSEHOLD PETS., 
 
 DOGS, 
 
 FEEDING DOGS. — In feeding dogs there seem to be many wrong 
 opinions and numerous ancient traditions are being followed that are far from 
 right. I even know people who believe it dangerous to give a pup several 
 months old a piece of meat, holding fast to the belief that the dog should have 
 no meat until he has lived twelve months or more. Meat is not harmful 
 to pups after they are three or four months old, but of course the meat should 
 be well cooked and fed in small quantities and mixed with other things in 
 order to balance the ration. After the pup is weaned table scraps or puppy 
 biscuits with plenty of milk seem to grow them evenly. Pups should be fed 
 twice daily; aged dogs once. Meat, vegetables, cereals and milk is a proper 
 ration. Well cooked meat mixed with rice or corn meal mush makes a good 
 dog food. The food-holding utensils should be scalded with hot water once 
 a day. Feed the house dog his hearty meal in the early part of the day. 
 
 CANINE DISTEMPER.— This disease has existed for nearly a thousand 
 years and has always been considered a dangerous ailment in young pups, 
 but not nearly so fatal to dogs more than a year old. The contagion is 
 contained in the discharge from the nose and eyes and in the blood. Dis- 
 temper is a contagious infective disease. The true nature of this ailment 
 has not yet been positively denionstrated ; however, the contagion is no 
 doubt both fixed and volatile. It is transmitted by co-habitation, by in- 
 oculation and perhaps taken from the air in breathing. Old dogs seldom 
 suffer from canine distemper. Weak, delicate dogs or those kept in-doors 
 are easily infected. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms of distemper vary greatly. The mucous 
 membrane of the nostrils, eyes, air passages and digestive organs are inflamed. 
 The brain and spinal cord may be affected. The dog shivers and has fever; 
 the coat is dry, the eyes discharge and ulcers sometimes appear on the eye- 
 ball. The dog_ coughs, loses his appetite, is thirsty, vomits and the bowels 
 are either costive or too loose. It is not unusual for pneumonia to follow 
 distemper. 
 
 TREATMENT. — It is quite difficult to lay down any particular line of 
 treatment for there are so many different forms of distemper; therefore, 
 I will say quinine is a useful remedy and small doses of beech wood creo- 
 sote is another good remedy. If feverish, give acetanilide. Cod liver oil, 
 raw eggs, alcoholic stimulants and nutritious, easily-digested food help all 
 cases of distemper. When complications arise they must be met with a 
 proper remedy. When sick, keep the dog warm, dry and comfortable. 
 
 MANGE.— There are two kinds of mange in the dog— the follicular and 
 sarcoptic. Follicular mange is not easily cured as the parasites are down 
 in the hair follicles but this variety is not nearly so contagious on this 
 
HOUSEHOLD PETS— DOGS. 237 
 
 account. Sarcoptic mange is the most common variety and is very con- 
 tagious. Man can contract this disease but is in less danger than other 
 animals and thin skinned dogs seem to be the most easily diseased. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The symptoms of follicular mange are redness of the 
 skin and shedding of the hair, but at first there is no irritation of the skin that 
 can be seen. Some time later, and not always very soon, little pustules 
 appear which, if squeezed, exude a purulent sort of fluid. If this fluid is 
 placed under a microscope a great many flat, fish-like parasites with short legs 
 on either side can be seen. In the later stages the dog is uneasy and scratches 
 and rubs constantly, the body becoming covered with sores and the animal 
 losing flesh and giving off a very offensive odor. In sarcoptic mange the dis- 
 ease usually commences under the arm or where the skin is thin, causing 
 great itching and scratching which are followed by sores that are slow to 
 heal. If the dog is neglected and the disease not checked, the sores soon 
 cover the whole body and most of the hair falls out. In many cases the dis- 
 ease spreads rapidly over the whole body, causing great irritation which is 
 followed with emaciation and if nothing is done to kill the parasites the dog 
 soon dies from weakness. It is well to keep in mind that both kinds of 
 mange may be communicated to man, especially sarcoptic mange. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First of all the dog should be clipped and thoroughly 
 washed with soap and water and dried; then apply equal parts storax and 
 raw linseed oil; or one-half part carbonate potash, one part sulphur and 
 five parts lai-d; or one part coal-tar disinfectant and four parts vaseline; use 
 any of these remedies daily for a few days. If the whole body is dis- 
 eased put medicine on only a part each day, for fear of its injuring the dog. 
 Remember that carbolic acid and many other irritating drugs should never be 
 put on dogs. 
 
 RINGWORM. — This is a very common ailment in dogs and Is caused 
 by a parasite that belongs to the vegetable kingdom and the disease is called 
 ringworm on account of the parasites grouping and working in patches of 
 ' a somewhat round shape. Ringworm is readily communicated from one ani- 
 mal to another and it is also communicated from animals to man ; however, 
 these parasites do not care to reside on man nearly so well as animals, and 
 I* have known cases where they seem to die off in a month or two without 
 much being done to kill them. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — An eruption is noticed on one or more parts of the body 
 and is more likely to be about the head, neck and loins than- any other part 
 of the body. The hair soon drops out in circular sort of patches and by using 
 a magnifying glass the surface of the skin will be found rough and a fluid 
 oozing out. In many cases the disease is confined to a small area and never 
 spreads much while in others it extends pretty much over the body. 
 
 TREATMENT. — First wash the parts with soap and water and apply 
 either iodide ointment or tincture of iodine a few times ; then apply one part 
 Sulphur and six parts lard, or any good home mange remedy. 
 
 LICE.— Lice are the result of keeping animals in a filthy condition and 
 not feeding them properly. Their presence is easily observed by inspection 
 which is aided materially by the use of a magnifying glass. 
 
 TREATMENT.— A rough-coated dog should be clipped, for by doing so 
 much less medicine will be required to kill the lice. One of the most satis- 
 factory lies killing remedies is made by mixing five ounces of crushed staves- 
 
238 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 acre seeds in a gallon of boiling water and allowing it to simmer an houi 
 or two and then straining through a cheese cloth and filling to original quan. 
 tity. Apply three times a week. Or, apply one part coal-tar disinfectant 
 and thirty parts water; or, apply one part powdered stavesacre seeds and five 
 or six parts lard; or, a small quantity of mercurial ointment placed on the 
 ■ body where he cannot lick it off acts well. 
 
 FLEAS. — During the dry summer months nearly every dog is troubled 
 more or less with fleas and if kept on sandy soil or bedded with sawdust 
 or straw they are very likely to have them. Fleas irritate and annoy dogs 
 very much and there is little use of driving them off the dog or killing them 
 unless they arc driven out of the kennel. 
 
 TREATMENT. — To kill fleas soak one-fourth pound crushed stavesacre 
 seeds in a gallon of hot water for three or four hours, strain and apply once 
 a day. Or, apply insect powder. Apply cologne or a weak solution of coal- 
 tar disinfectant ; also, dust on some flowers of sulphur along the back. The 
 kennel should be disinfected and kept clean. 
 
 WORMS. — -Nearly all dogs have a few worms and tapeworm is a. com- 
 mon ailment, but they may not have enough to do any particular harm, 
 Worms do not always remain in the bowels but find their way into the 
 stomach. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — There is a change in disposition, an excessive appetitt< 
 loss of flesh, itchy skin, rough staring coat or loss of hair, bowel pain, in- 
 digestion, occasional vomiting or scouring, fetid breath and a disposition 
 to lick the anus and drag the hind parts along the ground. Wormy dogs 
 usually show an irritable temper and frequently suffer from vertigo or con- 
 vulsions. 
 
 TREATMENT. — For round worms in dogs, areca nut and spigelia are 
 reliable remedies ; or, giving fluid extract of spigelia and fluid extract of senna 
 every morning for three or four days will usually ,rid a dog of round worms. 
 The dose of powdered areca nut is about two grains for each pound of the 
 dog's weight and it is convenient to give it in some milk. The dose of 
 fluid extact of senna for a matured dog is from twenty drops to two drams, 
 according to weight, and for young pups one drop for each week of age. This 
 medicine should be combined with a brisk cathartic, such as senna or castor 
 oil. Santonine is another useful remedy; for pups give from one-fifth to 
 three grains, combined with a small dose of calomel. For matured dogs I 
 usually give from six to twenty-five grains at a dose. Powdered kamala is 
 another useful remedy or the powdered male fern or the oleoresin of male fern 
 will be effective. 
 
 PNEUMONIA — LUNG FEVER — INFLAMMATION OF THE 
 LUNGS. — This disease is generally the result of neglected cold, catarrh or 
 chilling when in a heated state ; or, it is due to exposure or housing in damp, 
 badly ventilated basements or kennels. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give the dog good care ; keep him in a well ventilated 
 place and reduce the fever by giving small doses of aconite, acetanilide or 
 nitrate of potash. Apply antiphlogistine or mustard to sides ; also give quinine 
 and other tonics and stimulants. The treatment should be much the same as 
 in man or the horse. 
 
 OPHTHALMIA— INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES.— This disease 
 is the result of a great many exciting causes and tVie result of other diseases. 
 Dust and other irritants blowing into the eyes is the most common cause. 
 
HOUSEHOLD PETS— DOGS. 339 
 
 TREATMENT. — Avoid keeping the dog in a place where the light is 
 too bright. Apply equal parts of extract of witch hazel and water or dis- 
 solve boric acid in water — all the water will take up— or dissolve three grains 
 of sulphate of zinc and one grain of atropine in one ounce of water. Eye 
 lotions should be applied three or four times daily. 
 
 WARTS. — Warts should either be cut off or burned with caustic such 
 as lunar caustic, chromic acid or acetic acid. 
 
 TUMORS. — Small tumors often appear in the corner of the eye or on 
 different parts of the body and when they dp they should be cut out and 
 boric acid applied or any non-poisonous home-made healing lotion will do. 
 
 WOUNDS. — Wounds on dogs should be stitched the same as in other 
 animals, but the healing remedies applied should be non-poisonous, such 
 as peroxide-hydrogen, boric acid or coal-tar disinfectant. 
 
 CANKER OF THE EAR.— Canker is a diseased condition of the inner 
 surface of the ear. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The dog shakes his head and paws the ear. If but one 
 ear is affected the head is carried to one side. The inner surface of ear 
 looks red, is swollen, inflamed and gives off an offensive odor. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Discontinue feeding meat and stimulating food. Ap- 
 ply one part peroxide of hydrogen and four parts of water and ten minutes 
 later dust on boric acid ; or, apply one part calomel, three parts oxide of zinc 
 and twelve parts boric acid to the sore parts once a day. 
 
 COLIC. — Colic is usually the result of exhaustion, exposure to cold 
 and wet, eating a hearty meal after fasting or eating infected and unwhole- 
 some food. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give one-half teaspoonful of ginger and a teaspoonful 
 of whiskey or from five to twenty-five drops of laudanum or some pepper- 
 mint or anv home colic remedy. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BOVVELS.— This comes on from expo- 
 sure of the body to too much cold when in a heated condition or from eating 
 certain poisons or swallowing sponges, rags or foreign bodies that obstruct 
 the bowels. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Always try moving the bowels with sweet oil or cas- 
 tor oil or perhaps linseed oil ; also apply hot packs, poultices or weak mustard 
 water. Give laudanum to relieve the pain, also give injections of soap and 
 water to move the bowels. 
 
 COUGH. — Dogs are subject to coughs which are the result of exposure 
 to wet and cold or of sleeping in damp, badly ventilated basements or cellars. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give from three to ten grains of iodide of potassium 
 and from three to ten drops of laudanum at a dose three times a day, or give 
 any good home cough remedy. 
 
 PARTURITION — PUPPING. — This generally occurs between the sixty- 
 first and sixty-sixth days after service and if the bitch is not too fleshy, has 
 r)een exercised regularly while pregnant, and the bowels are not too costive, 
 she will whelp without assistance. When a bitch is unable to whelp and re- 
 quires help, I generally give an anaesthetic, using ether as it is not dangerous. 
 I seldom give chloroform in such cases. Instruments should be used with 
 care. Many times the fingers can be usfed and of course this is safer than 
 using instruments. Be sure to remove the afterbirth and wash out the uterus 
 with a weak antiseptic or astringent for a few days. 
 
 HERNIA— RUPTURE.— We meet with umbilical, abdominal and in- 
 
240 ' THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 guinal hernia most often in dogs and cats. The most common causes are 
 accidents and injuries. Nearly all cases require surgical treatment. The work 
 .should be done by a person who has had experience and uses cleanliness. 
 The operation is not dangerous. 
 
 CASTRATION. — Dogs are castrated to prevent them from wandering 
 away from home. Wash the scrotum with an antiseptic of some kind ; give 
 them ether and then make a bold incision, exposing the testicle; then twist 
 the cord a few times, scraping cord through, or apply traction to the cord 
 until it gives way. This last method I do not like so well. In old dogs I 
 very often use an emasculator, clamp and iron, or apply an aseptic ligature. 
 Be sure to use clean instruments and have clean hands. 
 
 SPAYING. — ^This is an operation that is done to prevent bitches from 
 coming in heat and to prevent breeding. Ether is given, the belly shaved and 
 the abdomen opened in the flank or center of the belly. The ovaries are 
 found and twisted off and the wound stitched. The stitches should be re- 
 moved on the fourth day and in a few days she will be well. The operation 
 is performed with less risk if she is not in heat; however, it can be done 
 when in heat and the bitch live. Apply peroxide of hydrogen to wound, also 
 use boric acid. 
 
 FRACTURES OR BROKEN BONES.— Dogs are very liable to meet 
 with fractures of the toes, legs, hip and back. These should be treated the 
 same as fracture in other animals. Give the dog ether as an anaesthetic, 
 crowd the bones into position and apply a plaster bandage, starch bandage, 
 or adhesive plaster bandage; or, an ordinary bandage will often answer the 
 purpose. A fracture requires four or five weeks to unite properly. 
 
 CHOREA. — ^This is a nervous ailment which frequently follows canine 
 distemper, other debilitating fever or injury. The symptoms consist in a 
 twitching and quick jerking condition of certain muscles of different parts 
 of the body. When the disease becomes chronic it is painless. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the dog warm and give him good care. This is 
 about all that can be done. Mild cases sometimes recover; severe ones 
 never do. 
 
 WORMS IN THE KIDNEYS.— Small thread-like worms measuring 
 from twelve to thirty-six inches grow and develop in the kidney. They 
 attain considerable size, destroy the function of the kidney and later make 
 their way into the abdominal cavity. The only treatment that gives any 
 results is ten or fifteen drops of turpentine at a dose, daily; however, I am 
 inclined to believe there is no positive remedy. 
 
 GONORRHEA. — Dogs are seldom troubled with infectious gonorrhea, 
 but sometimes have gleet, attended with a mucous discharge. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Bathe the parts with warm water twice a day. Dis- 
 solve one dram of sugar of lead in a pint of water and apply twice a day, or 
 dissolve one-fourth dram of permanganate of potash in a pint or two of water 
 and apply this. There are many other remedies that are used in human prac- 
 tice that are equally as good for an ailment of this kind. Give five drops 
 oil of sandal wood at a dose twice daily. 
 
 RABIES— HYDROPHOBIA.-^Rabies is an infectious disease and can 
 be produced only by inoculation with the specific virus which causes if 
 however, an opposite opinion is held by some people, believing that the dis- 
 ease can arise spontaneously. Its being difficult to trace the origin of infection 
 
HOUSEHOLD PETS— CATS. 241 
 
 » what !eads people to hold the latter opinion. Rabies has existed for more 
 than two thousand years. It is an incurable ailment, but both man and 
 animals can be immunized. The virus of rabies is contained in the saliva, 
 blood and body. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. — The animal becomes restless, dull and watchful and with- 
 draws from his companions, hiding in dark corners, below chairs and other 
 furniture. He becomes nervous, lying down and jumping up again in an 
 excited, unnatural manner. He has a tendency to rove about and if possible 
 will escape and wander away. At first the dog's power of recognizing people 
 is not lost; he is inclined to lick things that are cold and will pick at bits of 
 wood and coal and swallow stones and as the disease advances his movements 
 become somewhat unsteady. Sometimes he will stare at an imaginary object, 
 then rush forward and bite anything that may be in his way, or even at the 
 air as if he were catching flies. The appetite is lost. The thirst is con- 
 siderable but he is unable to swallow. His bark changes to a howl, he 
 occasionally vomits, the jaws drops, saliva runs from the mouth and the 
 tongue swells and grows black. The bite of a mad dog is less liable to infect 
 man than other animals. 
 
 CATS. 
 
 GENERAL SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE IN CATS.— Whenever a cat 
 becomes sick or ailing from disease or injury, it usually loses its appetite and 
 hides out of sight and the nose becomes hot and the coat dry. The cat often 
 moves about as if in pain and if not, sleeps almost continually. When they 
 have stomach trouble they are inclined to eat grass; this produces an irrita- 
 tion of the stomach, resulting in either vomiting or purging or both. Grass 
 acts much the same as Glauber's salts or castor oil given in small doses to 
 children. Mixing some flowers of sulphur or baking soda in their drinking 
 water seems to help sick cats. Cats are often troubled with colds, coughs, 
 sore throat and bronchial and lung diseases. They have liver, stomach and 
 intestinal diseases; fever, infectious distemper; also glanders, eczema and 
 local diseases of the eyes, teeth and claws; also parasitic diseases such as 
 mange, fleas and worms. 
 
 CATARRH— COLD IN THE HEAD.— This consists in an inflammation 
 of the mucous membrane lining the nose, throat and head. The symptoms 
 are sneezing and coughing with fever in most cases. The treatment consists 
 in good care and gj ring home remedies such as are used in human practice 
 and for dogs. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. — Bronchitis is an inflammation of the tubes that lead 
 to the lungs and the treatment consists in keeping the cat out of drafts, dust, 
 cold rain storms and out of wet basements and medicating with the remedies 
 used for children and dogs. Most cases need no drugs. When the cat is sick 
 it hides away in a sheltered place and soon recovers. 
 
 PNEUMONIA. — Pneumonia is attended with more fever than bronchitis ; 
 however, in cats the two ailments generally occur_ together as we seldom have 
 lung fever alone in cats. In many cases parasites are lodged in the lung 
 tissue. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give the cat good care and pure air to breathe. Keep 
 it eating by tempting it with diflferent kinds of food. Apply poultices, give 
 
 3-16 
 
343 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 whiskey and small doses of quinine, also home medical remedies that are 
 prescribed for broncho-pneumonia in horses and for man. 
 
 GASTRITIS. — Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach, generally 
 brought on by feeding too often and too much at a time, or by feeding ir- 
 ritating food or giving drugs that burn the inner wall of the stomach ; but 
 it may be a secondary or constitutional disease and not the result of gorging 
 the stomach. The symptoms are : vomiting up food, frothy mucus and some- 
 times blood. 
 
 TREATMENT. — When the cat is left to follow his own instinct he eats 
 grass which acts as an emetic or cathartic and if it does not act thus, give 
 him a cathartic of Glauber's salts and if the vomiting continues give hot 
 black coffee, and if he has much pain give small doses of chloretone or 
 paregoric. 
 
 CONSTIPATION.— This is an ailment the cat is pretty free from but 
 when it does occur give castor oil, sweet oil or jalap. 
 
 DIARRHEA. — This is a very common ailment in house cats, brought 
 on by eating out of dirty dishes and eating infected food. Feeding irregularly 
 and too much fat meat also bring on looseness of the bowels. Liver and 
 vegetables when fed to cats open their bowels. 
 
 TREATMENT. — All the remedies that are prescribed for bowel ail- 
 ments in man are suitable for cats. A small dose of sweet oil or castor oil 
 should first be given to ckar the bowels and if the pain is great give laudanum. 
 
 YELLOWS— JAUNDICE.— When the mucous membrane of the eye is 
 yellow the liver is perhaps congested or the bile is not passing out of the 
 body by its natural channel. The liver may contain parasites or may be in- 
 active or enlarged. When the bowels are costive give small doses of calomel 
 and castor oil or Glauber's salts and regulate the cat's diet. 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS.— Cats very seldom suffer from tuberculosis and, in 
 fact, it is a very difficult task to inoculate the cat so as to produce the dis- 
 ease. . I very often examine cats after death to satisfy people who insist 
 that their cat had consumption but generally find they were mistaken. 
 
 DISTEMPER. — Distemper is a contagiouF and infectious disease affect- 
 ing cats. Associated with this ailment various organs of the body may be 
 inflamed and the cat always has fever. The symptoms are: a watery dis- 
 charge from the nose and eyes, gradually growing thicker ; fever ; some cough- 
 ing and quick breathing. The throat, bowels and lungs may become affected. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Keep the sick animal away from healthy cats. Be sure 
 the cat has fresh air but is kept warm and in no draft. If the bowels are con- 
 stipated, give a laxative but never give a cathartic for it may produce death. 
 Give some baking soda in milk or some hot black coffee and if the cat grows 
 cold give whiskey in twent^-five-drop doses every three hours. When lung 
 or bowel complications set in treat them as in man. 
 
 GLANDERS. — This is a constitutional disease accompanied by the forma- 
 tion of tubercles on the body and in the nose on the mucous membrane. 
 These tubercles break and form ulcers. The lungs and liver are sometimes 
 affected as well as other vital organs of the body. Lions take glanders from 
 eating horse meat cut from the carcass of glandered horses. This is not 
 by any means a common ailment in cats unless fed meat from glandered 
 horses. 
 
 ECZEMA. — ^This is a skin disease, due perhaps to errors in feeding and 
 care of the skin. It consists of a hyperemia of the skin followed by an oozing 
 
HOUSEHOLD PETS— CATS. ;343 
 
 through of a fluid which seems to dry, forming scales and leaving the skin 
 rough. The face, back and legs are most commonly affected. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give three grains baking soda in food three times a 
 day and dissolve one ounce of baking soda in one quart of water and apply 
 to the sore parts three times a day, or use a home eczema cure prescribed 
 for man. Change the feed; give less meat, no sweet cakes or candy, no 
 butter or greasy gravy and keep the cat in a cool place. 
 
 CANKER OF THE EAR.— This is one form of eczema and the same line 
 of diet prescribed for eczema should be followed; also apply one part per- 
 oxide of hydrogen and four parts water, then apply boric acid a few minutes 
 later. Do this twice daily. Give two-drop doses of Fowler's solution twice 
 a day. Also give one-grain doses of iodide of potassium daily. 
 
 MILK FEVER. — Taking away all the kittens immediately after birth 
 very often causes the udder to cake and inflame, which of course, is followed 
 with fever ; besides, wounds on the belly may also cause the udder to inflame. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply one part extract of Phytolacca and eight parts 
 vaseline to udder twice a day and give two drops of fluid extract of Phytolacca 
 root at a dose three times a day, or give two grains of nitrate of potash three 
 times a day. 
 
 FITS— CONVULSIONS.— Fits and convulsions are generally due to 
 some kind of digestive disturbance or irritation, the ingestion of irritating 
 food, overloading the stomach in hot weather and to stomach worms. It 
 is more common in young than old cats. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Give a cathartic of either syrup of buckthorn or castor 
 oil and wrap the cat in a hot blanket or drop it in warm water, all but the 
 head. Give two grains of bromide of potash four times a day. 
 
 EPILEPSY. — Epilepsy develops suddenly. The cat falls down and froths 
 at the mouth. The greatest difference between this ailment and convulsions is 
 the absence of delirium. Do not frighten the cat. Give laudanum or chloral 
 hydrate to quite the animal, also give syrup of buckthorn to move the bowels. 
 Feed a good quality of easily digested food and not too much of it, also ex- 
 ercise the animal. 
 
 FLEAS. — Fleas do not as a rule bother cats and if the same flea gets 
 on a person it does not remain. They are easily gotten rid of by applying 
 cologne, tobacco snuff, flowers of sulphur or Persian insect powder. Apply 
 not only on the cat, but also in its basket or sleeping places. 
 
 SARCOPTIC MANGE. — The most common kind of mange affecting 
 cats is sarcoptic mange and it is due to a small parasite which burrows under 
 the skin and multiplies rapidly, causing intense itching. 
 
 TREATMENT. — One of the most effectual and least expensive remedies 
 is made by mixing one-half a part of carbonate of potash, one part sulphur 
 and six parts fresh lard. Apply it daily for a few days and then as often 
 as necessary. There are many other remedies that will cure mange but 
 select the least irritating. 
 
 FOLLICULAR MANGE. — Follicular mange is a kind that is not easily 
 cured. It affects the nose, skin of the chiri, and claws. This insect is hard 
 to kill but if the cat will allow air-tight, non-irritating balsams to remain 
 on long enough to smother the insects, a cure will be effected. Light applica- 
 tions of mercurial ointment or sulphur ointment applied freely will help 
 effect a cure. 
 
244 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 STOMACH WORMS. — Stomach worms are not only found in the stom- 
 ach but also in the intestines and are three or four inches in length and the 
 size of a slate pencil, the female being the longest. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Purge the cat with castor oil, then give three grains 
 of santonine^ one hour later give three drops of turpentine in a small dose 
 of castor oil. 
 
 TAPEWORM. — ^The tapeworm is from four to thirty inches long and 
 lives in the small bowel with its head fastened to the mucous membrane of 
 the bowel while the rest of the body floats in the intestines. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Starve the cat for thirty hours, then mix twenty grains 
 of powdered areca nut or fifteen grains of pondered kamala, or three grains 
 of santonine in milk, which a hungry cat will drink. Two hours later give 
 a large dose of castor oil and you may be able to dislodge the worm. Be 
 sure the head comes away and it should then be killed. 
 
 RINGWORM. — This disease appears in the form of round bald patches 
 which soon get sore. It is caused by a vegetable parasite. 
 
 TREATMENT. — Apply some mercurial ointment or paint the patches 
 with tincture of iodine as soon as noticed and be sure to keep the cat away 
 from children for people are very often diseased by coming in contact with 
 cats that have ringworm. 
 
 TRICHINA. — Although it is difficult to make a correct diagnosis when 
 cats suffer from trichina, yet many of them have it. I have known many 
 cats to die from it that were treated for rheumatism. 
 
 EYE DISEASES. — In distemper and fevers cats have more or less eye 
 trouble and in the treatment of these ailments good results follow bathing the 
 eyes with hot water. Keep the cat in a dark room and feed cooling, laxative 
 food. Apply one part extract witch hazel and three parts water; or dissolve 
 boric acid in water, all the water will take up ; or apply calomel to clear the 
 eye and give small doses of calomel or iodide of potassium. 
 
 THE TEETH.— Frequently the young kitten has 26 teeth which are re- 
 placed by 30 permanent teeth when the cat is about six months old. The 
 growing cat has trouble teething and may not do well. Old cats may have 
 diseased teeth that should be extracted and the tartar should be broken off 
 the teeth when it affects the gums. When the mouth is sore use mouth washes 
 that are used for people. 
 
 THE CLAWS. — ^The claws often require cutting and, if trimmed, the 
 house cat will prove much less destructive than with sharp nails. Nails often 
 break and when they do they should be trimmed smooth. 
 
 POISONING. — It is not uncommon for the house cat or even the farm 
 cat to get hold of rat poison which is generally composed of arsenic; or, 
 some malicious person may give your cat strychnine. If poisoned with 
 arsenic, give mustard and water or Glauber's salts to cause vomiting and if 
 strychnine caused the poisoning give twenty grains of chloral hydrate and 
 repeat the dose if necessary to control the spasms. 
 
 ■ GIVING A CAT MEDICINES.— If possible give it in food ; or, wrap 
 him in a shawl and pour it down but avoid giving it in large quantities. 
 
 CASTRATING CATS.— Wrap the cat in a rubber cloth or shawl and 
 leave the hind quarters out; clean the scrotum first; then open and remove 
 the testicle by cutting off the cord or twisting it off, which stops bleeding. 
 No after care is required except to keep the cat clean and warm. 
 
HOUSEHOLD PETS— CATS. 245 
 
 SPAYING. — This is done to prevent females from breeding. I operate 
 on one hundred or more every year by first giving the cat a small dose 
 of morphine, hypodermically, then giving ether. Shave the abdomen and 
 wash it, cut into the abdomen, remove ovaries, stitch wound, then keep 
 cat quiet. Remove the stitches on the fourth day and the wound is gen- 
 erally healed in a week or less. Never give a cat chloroform unless you want 
 to kill it. It is not alway necessary to give morphine before giving ether 
 but I very often do give it to old cats and dogs. 
 
USEFUL STABLE DRUGS. 
 
 Their Uses and Doses. 
 
 Acetanilile. — ^Used in febrile diseases. Doses: Horses, 1 to 3 drams; cattle 
 8 to 4 drams; sheep, % dram. Repeat every few hours. 
 
 Acetic Acid. — Used to remove warts and other kinds of gr.owths. 
 
 Aconite. — Used to reduce fever. Doses: Horses, 30 to 50 drops or 
 more ; cattle, 1 to 2 drams ; sheep and pigs, 10 to 20 drops. Tincture of aconite 
 is now made weaker than formerly. 
 
 Alcohol. — Alcohol is perhaps the most useful of all drugs in the treatment 
 of live stock. It acts as a cerebral excitant, is a stimulant and increases func- 
 tional activity of all organs. Doses: From one to three ounces and it acts 
 best when given with ether, digitalis or aromatic spirits of ammonia. 
 
 Aloes. — Aloes is the common cathartic for horses and mules. Barbadoes 
 aloes is the most reliable. The dose for horses is from 3 drams to 10 drams', 
 given in combination with calomel and ginger in ball form or dissolved in 
 water and given as a drench. 
 
 Aliun. — Alun^ is quite a useful drug in veterinary practice, being useful 
 in healing lotions and drying powders. Doses: Horses, 1 to 3 drams; 
 cattle, 2 to 4 drams ; sheep and pigs, 10 to 35 grains. Dried alum, commonly 
 known as burnt alum, is deprived of its water and acts more like a caustic. 
 When applied to wounds it acts as a powerful drying drug. 
 
 Areca Nut. — Areca nut is a vermicide, especially for dogs. Doses: 3 
 to 10 grains for small dogs and from 20 grains to 2 drams or even more for 
 large ones; or, give 1 to 3 grains for each pound the dog weighs. 
 
 Ammonia (Aqua Ammonia). — Doses: Horses, 1 to 2 drams; cattle, 2 to 
 4 drams ; sheep and pigs, 14 to 1 dram. Aromatic spirits of ammonia — Doses: 
 Horses, 1 to 1^^ ounces ; cattle, 1 to 31/2 ounces ; sheep and pigs, 1 to 2 drams ; 
 dogs, 5 to 40 drops. Carbonate of Ammonia — Doses: Horses, 1 to 2 drams; 
 cattle, 1 to 4 drams ; sheep and hogs, 10 to 35 grains ; dogs, 1 to 6 grains. 
 
 Arnica. — Arnica tincture is most used. Doses: Horses, 1 to 4 drams; 
 cattle, y2 ounce to 2 ounces ; dogs, 5 to 20 drops. It is prescribed for bruises 
 and sprains. 
 
 Arsenic. — Doses : 1 to 6 grains for horses ; 3 to 9 grains for cattle ; 1 to 
 2 grains for sheep and hogs ; 1/50 to 1/8 of a grain for dogs. Arsenic should 
 be well diluted when given to animals. Fowler's solution is a convenient prep- 
 aration of arsenic to keep on hand. Doses : Horses, 1 dram to 1 ounce ; cattle, 
 2 drams to 1% ounces; sheep and pigs, 10 to 40 drops; dogs, 1 to 8 drops. 
 Each ounce contains between four and five grains of arsenic. 
 
 Belladonna. — Fluid extract of belladonna root is the preparation gener- 
 ally used. Doses; Horses, % to 1 dram ; cattle, 1 to 3 drams; sheep 15 to 30 
 drops 5 pigs, 3 to 10 drops; dogs, 1^ to 3 drops. 
 
 246 
 
•JSEFUL STABLE DRUGS. 247 
 
 Buchu. — The dose of powdered leaves and fluid extract is about the same. 
 Doses : Horses, % to 1% ounces ; cattle, 1 to 2 ounces ; sheep and hogs, % to 
 1% drams; dogs, 10 to 50 drops. 
 
 Borax. — Borax is used as an antiseptic, astringent and parasite killer,' 
 mostly for mouth or skin ailments. Dissolve one ounce or more in a quart ot 
 water and apply two or three times a day. 
 
 Boric Acid. — Dose for horses and cattle from 1 to 4 drams; sheep and 
 hogs, 1/^ dram; dogs, 3 to 15 grains. This also makes an excellent dressing 
 for wounds and for eye ailments. 
 
 Bismuth. — Bismuth is used to allay irritation in dyspepsia, to arrest 
 vomiting and to correct catarrhal ailments of the bowels. It is also used 
 extensively to correct itching skin diseases in dogs and is usually combined 
 with wool-fat. Doses: Horses, 1 to 4 drams; cattle, 2 to 6 drams; sheep 
 and hogs, y% dram ; dogs, 3 to 25 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Potash. — Doses : Horses, from l^ to 2 ounces ; sheep and pigs. 
 1 to 3 drams; dogs, 5 to 50 grains. It should always be dissolved in warm 
 water when giving it. 
 
 Black Haw. — This is given to prevent abortion and to stimulate the urin- 
 ary arid generative organs. Dose of fluid extract for mares is 1 to 3 ounces ; 
 cows, 3 to 4 ounces ; sheep and hogs, a teaspoonful ; bitches, fifteen drops to 
 114 drams. Mares and cows that abort annually should be treated with small 
 doses two or three times a day, but in acute cases give a large dose and it will 
 often prevent a miscarriage. 
 
 Calomel. — Doses : Horses, i/4 to 1 dram ; cattle, % dram to 3 drams ; sheep 
 and hogs, 3 to 15 grains. As a purgative it should be given with cooking 
 soda. It is a specific for thrush and dries up wounds. It is also used to clear 
 opacity of the eye. 
 
 Copperas. — Copperas or Sulphate of Iron is one of the least expensive and 
 most useful preparations of iron, although there are many. Doses: Horses, 
 y^ to 31/^ drams ; cattle, 2 to 3 drams ; sheep and hogs, 10 to 30 grains. It acts 
 as a blood tonic, astringent and disinfectant. 
 
 Cannabis Indica. — The fluid extract of Indian cannabis is the preparation 
 mostly used in veterinary practice and is given to quiet the nervous system 
 and relieve pain. Doses: Horses 3 to 6 drams; cattle, 3 to 10 drams; sheep 
 and hogs, 10 to 30 drops ; dogs, 1 to 13 drops. 
 
 Camphor. — Dose of gum camphor for horse, 1 to 2 drams ; cattle 3 to 4 
 drams; sheep and pigs, 10 to 40 grains; dogs, 1 to 8 grains. Camphor is 
 soluble in ether, alcohol, chloroform and milk, but requires about seven hun- 
 dred parts water to dissolve it and when powdering gum camphor add a few 
 drops of alcohol. Spirits of camphor contains ten per cent, camphor gum 
 and ninety per cent, alcohol. Camphor is given and applied to allay pain. 
 
 Cantharides — Spanish Fly. — When given in small doses it stimulates both 
 the genito-urinary tract and the kidneys to action; when applied exter- 
 nally it blisters. The dose for horses and cattle is 5 to 35 grains ; sheep and 
 hogs, 3 to 10 grains ; dogs, 1/2 to 8 grains. One part of powdered cantharides 
 to 4, 6 or 8 parts lard makes an active yet inexpensive blister. 
 
 Caraway Seed. — The dose for a horse is 1 ounce ; ox, from 1 to 3 ounces ; 
 sheep and pigs, 2 drams. Its action is to improve the -condition of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Chloral Hydrate.— The dose for a horse is from ^^ to IV2 ounces, accord- 
 
248 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 ing to the effect you desire to produce ; cattle, % to 2 ounces ; sheep and pigs, 
 % to 1 dram ; dogs, 3 to 30 grains. Chloral should always be well diluted 
 with water when given and a solution of it should not be left standing long 
 for it changes into chloroform. It is generally given to relieve pain or quiet 
 an animal during a surgical operation. 
 
 Cblodium Flexible. — This is applied to wounds for the purpose of forming 
 an air-tight dressing and also for holding the edges of small wounds in a fixed 
 position until they heal. It is also used to hold absorbent cotton or oakum 
 on a raw sore. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate. — It is used principally externally in the treatment 
 of wounds or as an external application to rid the skin of parasitic life. It 
 is generally used in the strength of 1 to 500, 1 to 1000 or 1 to 2000 but when 
 used as an uterine injection, 1 to 5000 or even 1 to 8000 parts water is 
 about right. Fifteen grains dissolved in a pint of water makes a 1 to 500 
 solution. 
 
 Digitalis. — The fluid extract is the most convenient preparation to keep 
 on hand. Doses: Horses, % to 1 dram; cattle, % to 3 drams; sheep and 
 hogs, 5 to 30 drops. Digitalis stimulates the heart and is used in dropsical 
 ailments mixed with acetate of potash and saltpeter. 
 
 Epsom Salts — (Sulphate of Magnesia). — This is the common cathartic 
 for cattle and when a laxative effect is desired give from 4 to 6 ounces daily, 
 but when a brisk purgative effect is desired give from ly^ to 3 lbs. The dose 
 for horses is about two-thirds as much as for cattle ; sheep and hogs, 4 to 6 
 ounces. A cathartic effect can generally be obtained in from twelve to twenty 
 hours. 
 
 Ergot. — The fluid extract of ergot is usually given and its medical uses 
 are to assist in parturition and to prevent uterine hemorrhage as well as to 
 prevent hemorrhage during and after operations. Dose for horse or cow, 
 %.to 3 ounces; sheep and swine, 1 to 3 drams; dogs, % to 1 dram. The dose 
 should be repeated every 30 or 40 minutes until the desired effect is produced. 
 Ergot loses its strength with age. 
 
 Ether — (Sulphuric Ether). — Ether is a safe ansesthetic for it never par- 
 alyzes a healthy heart. Doses : Horses, 1 to 3 ounces ; cattle, 1% to 3 ounces. 
 By adding an equal quantity of alcohol and ten times as much cold water it 
 makes a good stimulant. 
 
 Formalin or Formaldehyde. — ^This is the most powerful antiseptic, dis- 
 infectant and deodorant and when applied to wounds should be used in the 
 form of a one-quarter to three-quarter of one per cent, solution but when used 
 to cleanse hands and instruments a one-half to a two per cent, solution is used. 
 When destroying the disagreeable smell of fecal matter, a one per cent, solu- 
 tion is sufficient, but when disinfecting a stable by spraying, a twenty per 
 cent, solution sprayed into the air is not at all dangerous. It is sometimes 
 given to correct bowel ailments. 
 
 Gentian. — Gentian is a bitter tonic and one of the most useful drugs for 
 use on the farm. Doses : Horses, 3 or 4 drams ; ox, 1 to 3 ounces ; sheep and 
 swine, % dram ; dogs, 3 grains. 
 
 Ginger. — Ginger acts as a stimulant and" tones the stomach. Doses: 
 Horse, about 1 ounce; ox, 3 ounces; sheep and swine, 3 drams. Ginger is 
 fed to live stock in combination with other drugs producing a beneficial 
 effect. 
 
USEFUL STABLE DRUGS. 249 
 
 Glauber's Salts — (Sulphate Soda). — The dose for a horse when a purga- 
 tive effect is desired is from 13 to 34 ounces, but seldom give less than 30 
 ounces ; cattle, 1 to 3 pounds ; sheep and hogs, 3 to 4 ounces. When a laxa- 
 tive effect is desired give about one-sixth of the above dose daily. Ginger 
 or red pepper should be given with salts to prevent griping. 
 
 Iodine. — The dose of resublim'ed iodine for horses is from 15 to 30 grains ; 
 cattle, 30 to 40 grains ; sheep, 10 to 35 grains ; pigs, 5 to 35 grains ; dogs, one- 
 sixth to one grain. Iodine, when given inwardly, acts as a blood purifier and 
 absorbent. When applied externally it has a tendency to reduce bunches. 
 There are many preparations of iodine and nearly all of them are useful in 
 veterinary practice. 
 
 Lime. — Lime is often used in cases of diarrhea, and is combined with 
 opium and tannic acid. The dose for horses is from 2 drams to 1% ounces; 
 cattle, % ounce to 2 ounces; sheep and pigs, from 30 to 40 grains or more; 
 dogs, 2 to 25 grains. The dose of lime water for horses is from 4 ounces to 
 16 ounces; cattle, one-third more; sheep and hogs, 3 to 3 ounces; dogs, 1 
 to 6 drams. The chloride of lime is used as a deodorizer and a disinfectant 
 and is very useful in destroying foul odors about the stable where there may 
 be diseased or decomposing dead animals. 
 
 Lobelia. — ^The dose of fluid extract of lobelia for a horse is from % dram 
 to 3 drams; ox, from 1 to 3 drams; sheep and swine, from 5 to 15 grains. 
 Lobelia is given to relieve air passage troubles and it very often produces 
 good results. 
 
 Mustard (Sinapis). — Mustard is useful as a counter-irritant in sore-throat, 
 bronchitis, pneumonia and pleurisy ; also, the volatile oil obtained from black 
 mustard is a blister and in combination with water acts quickly. 
 
 Nux Vomica. — Nux Vomica is a tonic and nerve stimulant. Dose: 
 Horses, 1 dram ; ox, 3 drams ; sheep and hogs, 5 to 15 grains ; dogs, ^4 to 2 
 grains. 
 
 Opium. — There are many preparations of opium and the drug is given in 
 conjunction with other drugs with good results. Tincture of opium (lauda- 
 num) is commonly used by horsemen. Doses : Horses, % to 3 ounces ; cattle, 
 1 to 3 ounces ; sheep and hogs, 1 to 3 drams ; dogs, 1 to 35 drops. Camphorated 
 tincture of opium (paregoric) is very often used in dog practice, the dose 
 being from 2 to 15 drops for young dogs and from 1 to 3 drams for old dogs. 
 Morphine and codeine are also preparations of opium, but not used so exten- 
 sively on the stock farm. 
 
 Poke — (Phytolacca). — The dose of fluid extract of Phytolacca root (poke 
 root) for a horse is from 2 to 6 drams ; cows, % to 2 ounces ; sheep, 15 drops 
 to 1% drams; pigs, 10 drops to 1 dram. The principal use of this drug is 
 in mammitis (garget) to check the inflammation of the bag and prevent the 
 formation of pus. Apply the extract locally in the proportion of one part to 
 six or eight parts vaseline or sweet oil. 
 
 Resin. — Resin acts on the kidneys of all kinds of live stock. Dose : Horse, 
 
 4 to 6 drams ; ox, % to 1 ounce ; sheep, 2 to 3 drams ; hogs, 1 to 2 drams ; dogs, 
 
 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 Saltpeter — (Nitrate of Potash). — Large doses generally irritate the stom- 
 ach, bowels and kidneys, but moderate doses purify the bloody reduce fever 
 and act on the kidneys. Doses : Horses, 2 to 4 drams ; cattle, 3 to 6 drams ; 
 sheep and hogs, 10 to 25 grains; dogs, 5 to 30 grains. 
 
350 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Soda. — There are many different preparations of soda, but perhaps the 
 one mostly used is bicarbonate of soda (baking soda). This is a very useful 
 farm drug for it is both given inwardly and applied locally. Doses : Horses, 
 2 drams to 1^/^ ounces ; cattle, % ounce to 3 ounces ; sheep and hogs, i/^ dram 
 to 1 dram. It is given for stomach and bowel ailments and, dissolved in 
 water, to relieve itching skin troubles — one ounce to a quart of water makes 
 a useful skin lotion. It is also used to correct leucorrhea. 
 
 Sugar of Lead — (Acetate of Lead). — ^This is perhaps the most useful 
 preparation of lead to keep on the farm. It is given inwardly to check hemor- 
 rhages firom the stomach and lungs and for diabetes and diarrhea. It is also 
 useful as a wound dressing with sulphate of zinc. Doses: Horses and cattle, 
 % to 1 dram ; sheep and pigs, 5 to 15 grains ; dogs, i/4 to 3 grains. Dissolve 
 one and one-quarter ounces of sugar of lead and one ounce of sulphate of zinc 
 in a quart of water and apply to sore back and shoulders four or five times a 
 day and it will help them. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc. — There are many preparations of zinc ; the sulphate is 
 mostly used externally in healing lotions or eye washes. Dissolving one 
 ounce in a quart of water and adding the same quantity of acetate of lead 
 makes a nice wound dressing and is also useful in the treatment of crucked 
 heels and sore shoulders. The oxide of zinc is used as a healing powder and 
 is often mixed with vaseline to make a healing ointment. 
 
 Sweet Spirits of Nitre. — Dose for a horse, 1 to 2 ounces ; ox, 2 to 4 ounces ; 
 sheep, 2 to 4 drams; dog, V2 to 2 drams. It is given as a stimulant and has 
 a direct action upon the kidneys. 
 
 Tannin — (Tannic Acid). — Dose for horses, % to 3 drams; cattle 1 to 4 
 drams ; sheep and pigs, % to 2 drams. It is also used in ointment form, one 
 part tannic acid to four parts vaseline or benzoinated lard or glycerine. It 
 is given as an astringent in bowel ailments and very often used in solution 
 to toughen tender shoulders. 
 
 Turpentine (Oil of Turpentine). — Turpentine is a vermicide and stimu- 
 lant, also a counter-irritant when applied externally. Dose for horses when 
 a stimulant and kidney effect is desired, 2 to 4 drams every five or six hours ; 
 cattle, 3 to 6 drams. When given to kill worms from 1 to 4 ounces can be 
 given horses and cattle, but it should be mixed with ten times its bulk of 
 cotton seed oil, linseed oil or milk. Whenever turpentine is given as a drench 
 it is done with some risk. 
 
 Vinegar— (Acetic Acid). — Instead of acetic acid vinegar is often used 
 in removing warts and other dry excrescences. 
 
FIFTY MODERN PRESCRIPTIONS IN COMMON 
 USE BY THE VETERINARY PROFESSION. 
 
 (In bad cases where other remedies fail, try these.) 
 
 WHITE LINIMENT. 
 
 Turpentine . ._ 2 ounces. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia .1 2 ounces. 
 
 Olive or Raw Linseed Oil , 3 ounces. 
 
 This is a very useful liniment for both the home and stable, but if a milder effect 
 is desired add more oil. It should be applied once or twice daily. 
 
 MILD STABLE LINIMENT. 
 
 Turpentine 2 ounces. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia 2 ounces. 
 
 Soap Liniment 6 ounces. 
 
 This liniment acts mildly and is useful for sprains and bruises, especially when 
 occurring in young animals. Apply to injured or sore parts twice daily. 
 
 COUGH MIXTURE. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Belladonna 2 ounces. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium 1% ounces. 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia 3 ounces. 
 
 Water 1 quart. 
 
 Give three ounces at a dose three or four times a day. 
 
 FOR KILLING LICE. 
 
 Boil five ounces of crushed stavesacre seeds in a gallon of water gently for 
 an hour, then fill to the original gallon ; apply daily ; will kill all kinds of lice 
 on live stock. 
 
 HOOF OINTMENT. 
 
 Crude Petroleum % pint. 
 
 Neat's-foot Oil 1 pint. 
 
 Raw Linseed Oil 1 pint. 
 
 Oil of tar V2 pint. 
 
 Apply to hoofs once a day when needed. 
 
 FOR STOPPING BLEEDING. 
 
 Apply either hot or cold water constantly, or apply Adrenalin, or Mon- 
 sell's Solution of Iron. When applying Adrenalin Chloride add 1,000 parts 
 water. Applied direct to the wound it will generally stop bleeding quickly, but 
 when a large blood vessel has been opened it should be tied. Furthermore, 
 don't rely on styptics always when the anima! is under an anaesthetic. Sugar 
 of Lead or Alum dissolved in water acts nicely. 
 
 HEALING LOTION. 
 
 Sugar of Lead % pound. 
 
 Sulphate Zinc 3 ounces. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 3 ounces. 
 
 Water 1 gallon. 
 
 351 
 
252 tHE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCiC BOOK. 
 
 This makes an excellent healing lotion and is not very expensive. It should be 
 applied two or three times a day. 
 
 HEALING LOTION. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 20 grains. 
 
 Water 1 quart. 
 
 This makes an inexpensive remedy for healing wounds. Should be applied two 
 or three times a day. 
 
 EYE LOTION. 
 
 Boric Acid 10 grains. 
 
 Borate of Soda 8 grains. 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 This makes an excellent eye lotion and it should be applied two or three times 
 a day. 
 
 EYE LOTION. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Belladonna Vz ounce. 
 
 Water .' \ pint. 
 
 This makes an excellent eye wash in cases of simple ophthalmia and should be 
 applied three or four times daily. 
 
 EYE LOTION, 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc 1 dram. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Belladonna 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 1 pint. 
 
 This makes a useful eye wash and should be applied two or three times a day. 
 COUGH MIXTURE. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Belladonna 1 ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Lobelia 4 ounces. 
 
 Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid 1 ounce. 
 
 Sweet Oil 1 quart. 
 
 Give one ounce at a dose three or four times a day. 
 
 HOOF OINTMENT. 
 
 Lamp Black % ounce. 
 
 Lanolin (Wool Fat) 1 pound. 
 
 Apply to hoofs once a day and it will soften them and start them growing. 
 CATHARTIC FOR HORSES. 
 
 Barbadoes Aloes 7 drams. 
 
 Calomel 20 grains. 
 
 Ginger 3 drams. 
 
 Make mto a bolus and give at one dose. 
 
 CATHARTIC FOR CATTLE. 
 
 Epsom Salts 1 to 2 pounds. 
 
 Gmger (Tmcture) 1% ounces. 
 
 Salt % pound. 
 
 Water 3 pints. 
 
 For a brisk cathartic effect add forty drops Croton Oil. 
 CANKER OF EAR. 
 
 Cooking Soda 2 drams. 
 
 Liquor Sub-acetate Lead 1 ounce. 
 
 Extract Opium ' 1 dram 
 
 Glycerine 4 drams. 
 
 „Water 3 ounces. 
 
 Pour a teaspoonful at a time into ear once a day. 
 
 FOR GOITRE, 
 
 Give one-dram doses Desiccated Thyroids to horses or from two to five 
 grains to dogs once or twice a day to reduce goitre. Or, give thirty grains Re- 
 sublimed Iodine at a dose to horses or % grain at a dose daily to medium sized 
 dogs. 
 
 FOR CRACKED TEATS IN COWS. 
 
 Apply Glycerine of Tannin two or three times a day. 
 
FIFTY MODERN PRESCRIPTIONS. 253 
 
 FOR DESTROYING PIN WORMS. 
 
 Dissolve one ounce Tannin in one quart of water, or dissolve one and one- 
 quarter ounces of Copperas in a gallon of water, or make Quassia Tea, or 
 wash out bowel with one part Coal-Tar Disinfectant and fifty parts water 
 every few days. 
 
 HEALING LOTION. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 1 quart. 
 
 This makes a useful healing lotion for all kinds of wounds and should be applied 
 two or three times a day. 
 
 HEALING LOTION. 
 
 Permanganate Potash 2 drams. 
 
 Water 1 quart. 
 
 This lotibn deodorizes and disinfects foul smelling wounds and should be applied 
 two or three times a day. _ As an eye wash, use about one part to ten or fifteen hun- 
 dred parts water; as a uterine injection, one part to two or three thousand parts water. 
 
 ZINC OINTMENT. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc 1% ounces. 
 
 Benzoated Lard 4 ounces. 
 
 This makes a fairly good healing ointment for dry sores. 
 
 HEALING SALVE. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 1 part. 
 
 Vaseline 8 parts. 
 
 This makes a nice salve for healing dry surface sores and it should be applied 
 twice a day. 
 
 EYE LOTION. 
 
 Eserine 4 grains. 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 This eye lotion relieves congestion and inflammation of the eye and should be 
 applied two or three times a day. 
 
 FOR CATARRHAL FEVER. 
 
 Powdered Opium 1 ounce. 
 
 Pulverized Camphor 1 ounce. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 1 ounce. 
 
 Powdered Gentian 3 ounces. 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia 4 ounces. 
 
 Make into twenty powders and give one at a dose in feed or with a spoon three 
 oi four times a day. 
 
 COLIC MIXTURE. 
 
 Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia Vs ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Belladonna 1 dram. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether % ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ginger 2 drams. 
 
 Hvpo-sulphite of Soda l ounce. 
 
 Water 1 P'nt- 
 
 This is a good colic remedy and should be given at one dose and repeated in 
 forty or fifty minutes if a recovery has not taken place. 
 
 COOLING ASTRINGENT LOTION. 
 
 Sulphate Zinc lJ4 ounces. 
 
 Sugar of Lead 1% ounces. 
 
 Water 1 quart, 
 
 Remedy for sore necks, shoulders and backs and for wounds and bruises. 
 
 COLIC MIXTURE. (FLATULENT.) 
 
 Tincture Ginger 1 ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Hyocyaraus % ounce. 
 
 Aromatic Spirits Ammonia 1 ounce. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 2 drams. 
 
 Water 1 P™*- 
 
254 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Give at one dose and repeat in forty or fifty minutes if necessary. If this remedy 
 seems to fail in relieving bloat give one grain Eserine hypodermically and repeat in 
 one hour if necessary. 
 
 BLISTER. 
 
 Biniodide Mercury 1 dram. 
 
 Lard or Lanolin 1 ounce. 
 
 BLISTER. 
 
 Powdered Cantharides 1% drams. 
 
 Lard or Lanolin 1 ounce. 
 
 BLISTER AND ABSORBENT; 
 
 Powdered Cantharides 3 drams. 
 
 Red Iodide Mercury 1 dram. 
 
 Lard or Lanolin 3 ounces. 
 
 BLISTER. 
 
 Volatile Oil of Mustard 2 drams. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia 1% ounces. 
 
 Olive Oil .8 ounces. 
 
 Before blistering clip off hair and rub the ointment or liniment in thoroughly. 
 Avoid letting the animal lick or bite the blistered parts for twenty-four or forty-eight 
 hours after it is put on. 
 
 SOOTHING LOTION. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Witch-hazel 6 parts. 
 
 Fluid Extract Opium 1 part. 
 
 Tincture Arnica 2 parts. 
 
 Tincture Aconite 1 part. 
 
 Remedy for sprains and bruises. 
 
 COLDS AND CATARRHAL AFFECTIONS. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 1 ounce. 
 
 Pulverized Opium 4 drams. 
 
 Pulverized Carbonate of Ammonia 2 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Nitrate of Potash 4 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Gentian 4 ounces. 
 
 Make into fifteen powders and give one at a dose every three or four hours. Will 
 generally break up a cold and prevent inflammatory ailments. 
 
 CATARRHAL FEVER. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 1 ounce. 
 
 Acetanilide 2 ounces. 
 
 Sweet Spirits of Nitre 5 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol ._ 1 pint. 
 
 Give one ounce at a dose in a pint of cold water every two or three hours during 
 the day until a recovery takes place. 
 
 FOR NASAL GLEET. 
 
 Oxide of Arsenic 1 dram. 
 
 Pulverized Sulphate Copper 4 drams. 
 
 Pulverized Gentian .' 4 ounces. 
 
 Pulverized Fenugreek 4 ounces. 
 
 Make into two dozen powders and give one at a dose in feed two or three times 
 a day. 
 
 FOR THUMPS. 
 Give Sulphate of Morphine hypodermically in doses of frotn three to six 
 grains. Will generally relieve thumps. 
 
 DRYING POWDER. 
 
 Alum ([Dried) 1 ounce. 
 
 Pulverized Sulphate Copper 1 ounce. 
 
 Powdered Sulphate Iron 1 ounce. 
 
 Calomel , 1 ounce. 
 
 Wood Charcoal 3 ounces. 
 
 Apply to raw unhealthy sores once or twice a day. 
 
FIFTY MODERN PRESCRIPTIONS. 255 
 
 DRYING HEALING POWDER. 
 
 Oxide Zinc 3 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Alum 2 ounces. 
 
 Boric Acid 4 ounces. 
 
 This makes a nice dressing for open sores and should be applied twice a day. 
 
 FOR QUITTOR. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 1 ounce. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 3 ounces. 
 
 Drop a small quantity into quittor every day for four or five days. This is also 
 useful for removing warts and for bad cases of foot-rot. 
 
 FOR REMOVING WARTS. 
 
 Apply Acetic Acid or Chromic Acid, or Lunar Caustic, or Salicylic Acid. 
 Sometimes Castor Oil will reduce them. 
 
 FOR QUITTOR. 
 
 First apply peroxide of hydrogen, fifteen minutes later inject some Tincture 
 Iodine into sinus and apply to swollen quarter once or twice a day for a few 
 days, then every two or three days. This treatment generally proves satisfac- 
 tory. 
 
 FOR ROUP IN CHICKENS. 
 
 Paint the head, mouth and throat with Tincture Iodine. 
 FOR TENDER SHOULDERS AND COLLAR AND SADDLE GALLS. 
 
 Dissolve two ounces Tannic Acid in twelve ounces of Alcohol, adding 
 one quart of water and applying to shoulders and back three times a day, 
 first sponging the parts off with salt and cold water. 
 
 FOR CRACKED HEELS IN HORSES AND CHAPPED TEATS 
 
 IN COWS. 
 
 Apply equal parts Friar's Balsam and Glycerine to sores two or three 
 times a day. In some cases where there is no discharge apply Flexible Col- 
 odium once a day and it will act very well. 
 
 FOR LEUCORRHEA. 
 
 Dissolve ten or twelve grains powdered alum to each ounce of water and 
 use as an injection once or twice a day; oi- dissolve two drams permanganate 
 potash in a gallon or more of water. Or, dissolve one and one-half ounces 
 Sulphate Zinc and one and one-half ounces Acetate of Lead in one gallon 
 of water, adding four ounces tincture opium, and apply once of twice a day. 
 
STOCK FOODS, CONDITION POWDERS 
 AND POULTRY FOODS. 
 
 For Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Hogs and Poultry. 
 
 STOCK FOOD. 
 
 Ground Gentian 8 pounds. 
 
 Pulverized Fenugreek , 3 pounds. 
 
 Glauber's Salts (Soda Sulphate) 3 pounds. 
 
 Common Table Salt (Sodium Chloride) 3 pounds. 
 
 Oil Meal 5 pounds. 
 
 Cotton Seed Meal 10 pounds. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. For horses and cattle give two or three tablespoonfuls at a 
 dose in feedtwiceor three times a day; for sheep and hogs give a teaspoonful or two 
 at a dose twice daily. 
 
 CONDITION POWDER. 
 
 Powdered Gentian 1 pound. 
 
 Ground Nux Vomica % pound. » 
 
 Powdered Fenugreek 1 pound. 
 
 Bicarbonate SodI 1 pound. 
 
 Powdered Rosin % pound. 
 
 Mix thoroughly and give a tablespoonful at a dose in feed two or three times a 
 day to horses or cattle and a teaspoonful to every three or four sheep or hogs. 
 
 POULTRY FOOD. 
 
 Ground Buckwheat 2 pounds. 
 
 Ground Corn 4 pounds. 
 
 Ground Oats 4 pounds. 
 
 Oil Meal 2 pounds. 
 
 Ginger 1 pound. 
 
 Ground Gentian 1 pound. 
 
 Pulverized Fenugreek 1 pound. 
 
 Pulverized Anise 1 pound. 
 
 Give a teacupful to every twenty chickens with other feed twice a day. 
 
 POULTRY TONIC. 
 
 Cayenne Pepper , 1 pound. 
 
 Black Pepper % pound. 
 
 Ginger . ." 2 pounds. 
 
 Baking Soda 1 pound. 
 
 Pulverized Fenugreek % pound. 
 
 Ground Gentian 1 pound. 
 
 This makes an excellent tonic to mix with chicken feed and a teaspoonful is 
 anough for six or eight chickens and it should be given once or twice a day. 
 
 STOCK TONIC. 
 
 Ground Ginger ., 2 pounds. 
 
 Ground Gentian 2 pounds. 
 
 Powdered Red Cinchona 1 pound. 
 
 Ground Nux Vomica 1 pound. 
 
 Baking Soda 2 pounds. 
 
 Powdered Wood Charcoal 2 pounds. 
 
 Pulverized Fenugreek 3 pounds. 
 
 Pulverized Anise 2 pounds. 
 
 266 
 
STOCK FOODS, CONDITION POWDERS AND POULTRY FOODS. 357 
 
 Mix thoroughly. For horses give a tablespoonful or two; for cattle give two or 
 three tablespoonfuls; for sheep % a teaspoonful and for hogs % of a teaspoonful at a 
 dose in feed two or three times a day. 
 
 STOCK FOOD. 
 
 Cooking Soda 2 pounds. 
 
 Ground Ginger 3 pounds. 
 
 Ground Gentian 1 pound. 
 
 Pulverized Fenugreek 2 pounds. 
 
 Powdered Wood Charcoal 2 pounds. 
 
 Oil Meal 5 pounds. 
 
 Common Table Salt 1 pound. 
 
 Middlings or Cotton Seed Meal 10 pounds. 
 
 For horses and cattle give two or three tablespoonfuls at a dose in feed twice a 
 day; for sheep and swine give a teaspoonful or two twice a day. 
 
 CONDITION POWDER. 
 
 Ground Gentian 1 pound. 
 
 Ginger 1 pound. 
 
 Cooking Soda 1 pound. 
 
 Fenugreek 1 pound. 
 
 Powdered Saltpeter 1 pound. 
 
 Mix and give a tablespoonful or two at a dose to horses or cattle in feed or with 
 A spoon two or three times a day; for sheep and hogs one-sixth as much. 
 
 TONIC POWDER. 
 
 Powdered Sulphate Iron 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate Quinine 1 ounce. 
 
 Powdered Nux Vomica 2 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Gentian 4 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Fenugreek 3 ounces. 
 
 Make into twenty powders and give one at a dose in feed or vvith a spoon to 
 horses or cattle two or three times a day; for sheep and hogs give one-sixth as much. 
 
 8—17 
 
USEFUL INSTRUMENTS AND TOOLS KEPT AT 
 DR. FAIR'S MENTOR STOCK FARM. 
 
 These things should be kept on every farm. 
 (See Illustrations.) 
 
 No. 1. Pincers for pulling off shoes or cutting edges off hoofs. 
 
 No. 2,. A claw-hammer. 
 
 No. 3. A twitch made of a buggy spoke with hole in each end. Can 
 be used by one person by tying lower rope in throat latch or, if applied to 
 hock of cow, tie around lower part of hind leg. 
 
 No. 4. A pair of forceps large enough to pull a grinder tooth of a horse 
 or Qx. 
 
 No. 5. An inexpensive balling iron made by a blacksmith out of one- 
 half round steel. This is a useful instrument to keep mouth open while ex- 
 amining the teeth of horses or cattle or when using a probang. 
 
 No. 6. A balling gun for shooting balls down horses pr cattle. I 
 found this a useful instrument at the Cleveland Zoo when giving the sick lion 
 cathartic pills. By teasing him he opened his mouth and while open I shot 
 the pills down him. 
 
 No. 7. A pair of curved scissors for trimming fetlocks. / 
 
 No. 8. Very useful hopples for fastening either the fore or hind legs 
 together to prevent the horse or ox from striking or kicking. They should 
 be buckled above the knee or hock but can be fastened lower down. 
 
 No. 9. A pair of cutting forceps for shortening small teeth. 
 
 No. 10. A harness punch for punching holes of different sizes in leather, 
 canvas or cloth. 
 
 No. 11. A common strong heavy screw-driver. 
 
 No. 12. A pair of hand clippers that can be used with one or both hands. 
 
 No. 13. A medium weight blacksmith's hoof knife that should be kept on 
 every farm. 
 
 No. 14. A pair of small forceps for pulling wolf teeth in horses and small 
 teeth from other animals. 
 
 No. 15. A file. 
 
 No. 16. A clinch cutter, etc. 
 
 No. 17. A wine bottle for drenching horses and cattle. 
 
 No. 18. A tin funnel connected with^ rubber tube. Used to give enemas 
 (injections) to horses and cattle. For small animals use small funnel and 
 small rubber tube. 
 
 No. 19. A common steel chisel, useful for many purposes. 
 
 No. 30. A small pair of pliers. 
 
 No. 21. A monkey wrench. 
 
 No. 22. A pair of dental bone-cutting forceps. Useful in shortening the 
 nippers of old horses when they are too long. 
 
 268 
 
USEFUL INSTRUMENTS AND TOOLS FOR THE STOCK FARM. 
 
 (See explanation.) 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's " Mentor Stock Farm " at Mentor, Ohio especially for 
 
 this book.) 
 
USEFUL VETERINARY SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 (See explanation.) 
 
 (Photographed at Dr. Fair's Veterinary Hospital especially for this book.) 
 
USEFUL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS. 259 
 
 No. 23. A pair of wooden clamps used when castrating when the cord 
 is burned off with a hot knife-shaped iron. They are also useful when burn- 
 ing off tumors that have necks. 
 
 No. 34. A pair of large forceps for pulling molar teeth. 
 
 No. 35. A trephine used for sawing out a circular piece of bone when 
 operating for nasal gleet or when an upper grinder tooth has to be punched out. 
 
 No. 36. A long seton or roweling needle for inserting setons or rowels 
 under the skin of sweenied or diseased animals. 
 
 No. 37. A large combination pipe wrench. 
 
 No. 38. A bone saw for removing horns when the farmer has no de- 
 horning tools; also useful in sawing meat bones. 
 
 No. 29. A combination, flat and one-half round file used in doing horse 
 dentistry. 
 
 No. 30. An old-fashioned turnkey used in place of molar forceps in 
 extracting grinder teeth. This is an inexpensive tool that I used many years 
 ago with good results ; however, the forceps are to be preferred. 
 
 No. 31. A common and useful dental float that should be kept on every 
 farm unless a veterinarian looks after the teeth of the horses, 
 
 USEFUL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR THE STOCK FARM. 
 
 (See Illustrations.) 
 
 No. ,1. Is a trocar with canula for puncturing horses or tapping ab- 
 scesses. The trocar used for horses should be much smaller than the one 
 used for cattle. 
 
 No. 2. Is a trocar and canula suitable for puncturing cattle for bloat. 
 
 No. 3. Is a useful forcep (Colson's Pig Forcep) used for taking pigs 
 away from a sow. This is a very useful instrument and not expensive. 
 
 No. 4. Is a forcep used for taking pups' away from a bitch and can also 
 be u.sed on sows. 
 
 No. 5. Is a catheter used for drawing urine from mares. 
 
 No. 6. Is an ecraseur used for castrating animals and cutting off tumors. 
 
 No. 7. Is a bicycle pump with rubber tube and milking tube at end, 
 also barrel for holding absorbent cotton to keep dust or dirt from getting into 
 the udder when treating for milk fever. Hundreds of farmers have written 
 me that they applied the air treatment with a common bicycle pump, rubber 
 tube and goose quill and thus saved valuable cows ; however, I recommend the 
 use of the barrel filled with absorbent cotton to sterilize the air; or, best of 
 all, use oxygen. 
 
 No. 8. Is a short seton or roweling needle, used in treating chronic 
 cases of sweeny or drawing a tape through an abscess. 
 
 No. 9. Is a brass veterinary syringe suitable for giving medicine to 
 animals or injecting medicine into v/ounds. 
 
 No. 10. Is a trephine for cutting out a circular piece of bone when 
 operating for grub in the head of sheep or reaching an abscess under a flat 
 bone about the head. 
 
 No. 11. Is an emasculator used in castrating animals. _ This is an in- 
 strument that every stock breeder who does his own castrating should have. 
 
 No. 12. Is a pair of splinter forceps that can also be used for picking 
 up an open blood ^ essel before it is tied to stop bleeding. 
 
 No. 13. Is a pair of placenta forceps useful when operating on ewes, 
 sows or bitches ; besides, they are useful for other purposes. 
 
260 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 No. 14. Is a very handy tool useful for many different purposes. 
 
 No. 15. Is a tracheotomy tube for placing in the windpipe of animals 
 that have throat trouble causing difficulty in breathing. It is often necessary 
 to use this tube in case of colt distemper. 
 
 No. 16. Is a trephine of medium size for boring through the bones of 
 face when treating nasal gleet in horses or cattle. 
 
 No. 17. Is a pair of extracting forceps suitable for pulling small teeth. 
 
 No. 18. Is a tenaculum or hook with a handle. This is used to catch into 
 and hold the parts when removing warts and tumors that cannot be held by 
 the hand. 
 
 No. 19. Is a guttered probe or director used in exploring wounds or di- 
 recting a knife when cutting deep and also used in rimming out cow's teats 
 or draining an abscess. 
 
 No. 20. Is a pair of long slim splinter forceps for removing foreign bodies 
 without making a large wound. 
 
 No. 31. Is a pair of artery forceps used to snap onto and close a blood 
 vessel until it is tied. 
 
 No. 22. Is a pair of seton scissors, but is also very handy in cutting off 
 the tails of lambs or pups. 
 
 No. 23. Is a hypodermic syringe and needles. This is a very useful 
 instrument on the farm and must be used when testing cattle with tuberculin 
 for tuberculosis or testing horses with mallein for glanders and giving medi- 
 cine hypodermically. 
 
 No. 24. Are two inexpensive spreaders or hooks used for keeping a 
 wound open when cutting or stitching for deep seated trouble. 
 
 No. 2.5. Is a pair of strong bone forceps that are useful for a great many 
 different purposes on the stock farm. 
 
 No. 26. Is a picture of three knives that are not expensive, but useful 
 in the stable and on the farm. 
 
 No. 27. Is a pair of forceps with hooks for grabbing a tumor or wart 
 while operating. 
 
 No. 28. Is a pair of saw-toothed forceps for picking up an open blood 
 vessel or pulling out splinters, snags or nails. 
 
 No. 29. Is a smooth steel crooked probe for exploring wounds. 
 
 No. 30. Is a bulb syringe, not expensive, that can be used for many 
 purposes by using stems of different lengths. 
 
 No. 31. Is a steel clamp with set screw, useful when castrating where 
 the cord is burned off, or in burning off tumors. 
 
 No. 32. Is a thermometer for taking the temperature of animals ; this 
 is an instrument that should be kept in every home as it can be used either 
 for people or for animals. 
 
 No. 33. Is a dental float with one crooked shank. This is suitable for 
 rounding the first four grinders. These teeth are not so easily rounded with 
 a straight float as with a crooked one. 
 
 No. 34. Is a sliding chisel, used for cutting off abnormal growths of 
 grinder teeth. 
 
 No. 35. Are surgical needles for stitching wounds and every farmer 
 should keep a few of them on hand. 
 
BREEDING AND FEEDING LIVE STOCK 
 FOR PROFIT. 
 
 (How to Produce Milk, Wool, Muscle and Fat.) 
 
 BREEDING. 
 
 The most valuable lessons in breeding are to be learned by consulting 
 the successful breeder. Every stock raiser should be a good judge of the 
 kind of animals he is producing; this can only be learned by study and close 
 observation. Why not visit the State and County fairs and look over the 
 total exhibit; then watch the judging. If necessary, ask the judge questions- 
 why such an animal was awarded the prize. This teaches the breeder how to 
 tell an animal of quality from an ordinary specimen; besides, he learns to 
 know market values, which, of course, greatly assists him in both buying and 
 selling. Following up the different causes of failure in breeding, I find those 
 who have been unsuccessful were either poor judges of live stock or they 
 were poor feeders. 
 
 It is always a mistake to keep too much live stock on a farm but never a 
 mistake to keep a few good animals. These same animals should always have 
 the best of care. Every breeder I know is keeping a few animals at a loss 
 and some breeders have no profitable animals at all on their farms and are 
 astonished that they are not making money. 
 
 The unprofitable live stock should be sold and profitable ones put in their 
 place. 
 
 When engaging in the business of live stock raising, select nothing but 
 good animals that are suitable for not more than two or three purposes. It 
 is important that breeding stock be of rugged constitution and as free from 
 disease as possible. Inbreeding has a tendency to predispose live stock to 
 disease, especially if it is carried too far. When a breeding animal has a con- 
 stitutional defect it should be mated to one with the same points exception- 
 ally well developed. By giving attention to such a rule, the hereditary tend- 
 ency or predisposition to either weakness or disease can often be avoided. 
 
 The breeder must keep in mind the value of soundness in horses for 
 unsoundness depreciates their market value; therefore, the breeder should 
 possess some knowledge of what constitutes soundness. No stockman can 
 afford to use an unsound stallion for breeding purposes unless the unsoundness 
 was produced by accident or injury for if it is a hereditary ailment it is pretty 
 sure to be transmitted to the produce. Successful breeders do not use crippled, 
 blind, ring-boned, spavined, curbed, badly puffed, crooked-legged or deformed 
 mares for breeding purposes. It is also a mistake to use roarers (whistlers) 
 or broken-winded mares that have heaves for breeding purposes; besides, it 
 seldom pays to breed bad tempered, tricky, vicious mares. 
 
 261 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Breeders who aim to produce either a draft, general utility, saddle horse 
 or roadster seem to be more successful than those who try to raise horses fol 
 all purposes. No matter what kind you raise, they should be good walkers 
 and have fair all-round action and travel without striking. Never select thin, 
 gaunt, hard keepers for breeding purposes ; they are usually unprofitable. 
 
 In raising cattle select large, easy keepers for beef and deep milkers for 
 dairy purposes, rather than to try to combine them both in one. 
 
 In swine select hogs that are of a moderately large breed but easy keepers, 
 for certain animals are usually fatted at a loss. 
 
 In sheep select a flock that are good breeders, good wool producers and 
 those that are easily fatted. 
 
 To be successful in raising live stock for profit you must, as I have 
 stated, be a good judge and have a thorough knowledge of feeding. 
 
 FEEDING. 
 
 Modern feeding principles are the outgrowth of centuries of feeding. The 
 application of science to feeding has resulted in the formation and classifica- 
 tion of rules and principles which experience has shown to underlie all feeding 
 operations. Good feeding was just as scientific centuries ago as it is today. 
 The experienced feeder used many of the same foods, got just as good results • 
 and fed just as economically, but he did not understand the physiological 
 reasons for his methods and could impart but little of his practical knowledge 
 to his fellow men. With our present knowledge of animal nutrition, food 
 analysis, and the uses of the food elements in the animal body, the novice 
 should be able to gain the practical knowledge in a few years which the old 
 feeders had at the end of a lifetime. 
 
 The earliest farmers kept little live stock. Their farms were rough and 
 uncultivated and their animals grazed throughout the year on the native 
 grasses. Feed was not stored for winter use and little or no shelter was pro- 
 vided. Feeding under these conditions was a simple operation. But as graz- 
 ing land became scarce, and as animals increased in numbers and improved in 
 quality the matter of providing suitable nourishment and utilizing it at a 
 profit became a study. At the present time the need for economy in feeding 
 and the perfection of the product is recognized by all. The feeder of today 
 must feed to produce the greatest number of pounds of flesh, milk or wool at 
 the least possible expenditure of food, time and labor. To do this he must 
 have at least a working knowledge , of the fundamental principles of animal 
 nutrition. No hard and fast rules can be laid down for the feeding of all 
 classes of animals under all conditions and surroundings. We can calculate 
 the rations and method of handling which will approximate the results de- 
 sired. Maximum results can then be obtained by slight deviation from the 
 calculated rules. 
 
 Every feeder knows that certain combinations of foods give better results 
 than others. When the old feeders found that their animals were not doing 
 as well as they should, they gave them a little " meal." They did not know 
 why the meal produced the desired results, but experience taught them that 
 it would. Here the chemist and the student of animal nutrition came to the 
 assistance of the feeders. The chemist learned that certain combinations of 
 
BREEDING AND FEEDING FOR PROFIT. 263 
 
 chemical elements were present in all food materials. He further learned that 
 these same combinations were found in the various tissues of the animal body 
 The logical conclusion was that the feeding animal should be furnished with 
 such foods as would supply the necessary elements in the proportions best 
 suited to the animal being fed. 
 
 FOOD ANALYSIS. 
 
 The agricultural chemist divided the nutritious substances in foods into 
 groups which he called water, ash, protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, nitro- 
 gen free extract and fat. The processes by which he determines the quanti- 
 ties of each of these substances are too complicated to be presented here. We 
 must content ourselves with brief statements of what each consists and some- 
 thing of the function of each in building up the body. All foods, no matter 
 how dry they may appear to be, contain some water or moisture. The ash 
 is the mineral element of the plant and goes to build up the bony tissues of 
 the animal and, to a small degree, the soft tissues. Protein is a group of ele- 
 ments containing nitrogen. It is absolutely essential to the production and 
 repair of blood, muscles, nerves, bones and all the tissues of the body. The 
 greatest amount of protein is required by growing animals but animals of all 
 ages and all kinds require some protein. Carbohydrates form a group of 
 nutrients containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, but no nitrogen. They 
 cannot produce or repair tissue, but they do form fat, either in the body or in 
 milk, and they produce energy and heat. Crude fiber is the framework of the 
 cells in plants. Nitrogen free extract is the portion of the feeding stuff re- 
 maining when the other substances have been deducted. Fat is the vege- 
 table oil, not unlike that found in the animal body. The fats serve the same 
 purpose as the carbohydrates, except that as a source of energy and heat the 
 fats are about two and one-fourth times as valuable as carbohydrates. 
 
 THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF FOODS. 
 
 The protein, carbohydrates, and fats are the essential groups. All three 
 of them are used as sources of heat and energy. Any or all of them may be 
 used for fat production, although the chief sources of animal fat are the 
 vegetable fats and carbohydrates. Protein is the only group that can build 
 up and repair the tissues and maintain the vital organs. 
 
 FEEDING STANDARDS. 
 
 These facts have been determined for us by the chemists. The students 
 of animal nutrition dealt with the analyses furnished by the chemists. They 
 determined the requirements of the various animals under varying conditions 
 of age and utility. They learned that all rations must contain some protein. 
 Th^y also learned that the addition of carbohydrates and fats reduced the 
 amount of protein required. The question then arose how much of the ration 
 for different purposes should consist of protein, and how much of carbohy- 
 drates and fats. This was worked out by extensive investigation with animals 
 of all kinds and under all normal conditions, and given to us in what are 
 known as feeding standards. The standards most used are those established 
 by the German scientists Wolff and Lehmann, and are known as the Wolff- 
 
264 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Lehmann standards, the essential parts of which are as follows, showing 
 amounts of nutrients required per day for 1,000 pounds live weight : 
 
 , DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS. » 
 
 Total Dry Carbo- 
 
 Matter, Total, Protein, hydrates, Fats, - Nutritive 
 Animals. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Ratio, 
 
 Growing Cattle 
 Beef Breeds 
 
 6 to 12 months, 550 lb 35 16.4 3.5 13.2 0.7 1:5.91 
 
 13 to 18 months, 750 lb 34 15.0 2.0 13.2 0.5 1:6.81 
 
 18 to 24 months, 950 lb 24 14.3 1.8 13.0 0.4 1:7.17 
 
 Dairy Breeds 
 
 6 to 12 months, 500 lb.' 27 15.0 2.0 13.5 0.5 1:6.81 
 
 12 to 18 months, 700 lb 26 14.7 1.8 12.5 0.4 1:7.44 
 
 18 to 24 months, 900 lb 36 13.8 1.5 13.0 0.3 1:8.45 
 
 Fattening Cattle 
 
 First Period 30 18.0 3.5 15.0 0.5 1:6.45 
 
 Second Period 30 18.3 3.0 14.5 0.7 1:5.36 
 
 Third Period !6 18.4 2.7 15.0 0.7 1:6.14 
 
 Milch Cows 
 
 Giving 11 lbs. milk per day 25 11.9 1.6 10.0 0.3 1:6.67 
 
 Giving 16% lbs. milk per day 37 13.4 2.0 11.0 0.4, 1:5.95 
 
 Giving 33 lbs. milk per day 39 16.0 3.5 13.0 0.5 1:5.65 
 
 Giving 37% lbs. milk per day 32 17.1 3.3 13.0 0.8 1:4.48 
 
 Horses 
 
 Light Work 30 11.4 1.5 9.5 0.4 1:6.93 
 
 Mediimi Work 34 13.6 2.0 11.0 0.6 1:6.18 
 
 Heavy Work 26 16.6 3.5 13.3 0.8 1:6.04 
 
 Brood Sows 33 18.4 3.5 15.5 0.4 ' 1: 6.56 , 
 
 Fattening Swine 
 
 First Period 36 30.2 4.5 35.0 1.7 1:5.90 
 
 Second Period 33 28.5 4.0 24.0 ).5 1:6.28 
 
 Third Period 25 31.1 3.7^ 18.0 0.4 1:7.00 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Coarse Wool 30 11.9 1.3 10.5 0.3 1:9.13 
 
 Thin Wool 33 13.8 1.5 12.0 0.3 1:8.45 
 
 Breeding Ewes 35 18.4 3.9 15.0 0.5 1:5.56 
 
 NUTRITIVE RATIO. 
 
 We have seen that protein, carbohydrates and fats are the essential nu- 
 trients in a food ration or a single food material. The prof)ortion of protein 
 to the carbohydrates and fats in a food is a quick indication of the value of that 
 food in a ration. This is known as the nutritive ratio. The nutritive ratio 
 is the ratio of the amount of the digestible protein in a given feeding material 
 or a combination of foods to the amount of digestible carbohydrates and fats 
 they contain. Fats yield two and one-fourth times as much heat in the body 
 as carbohydrates. To determine the nutritive ratio of a food or a combination 
 of foods the amount of digestible fat is multiplied by two and one-fourth 
 (2.25'), and the product obtained is added to the total quantity of digestible 
 carbohydrates in the given food or combination of foods. This sum divided 
 by the digestible protein gives the nutritive ratio. For example, the tables 
 of food analyses give the digestible ingredients of corn as follows : Protein, 
 7.14 per cent. ; carbohydrates, 66.12 per cent. ; fat, 4.97 per cent. To find the 
 nutritive ratio of corn we multiply the fat content by two and one-fourth 
 (4.S7 X 2,25) and get H.18, Adding this to the carbohydrates (66,13 plus 
 
BREEDING AND FEEDING FOR PROFIT. 265 
 
 11.18) we have 77.30. Now, dividing by the protein (77.30 divided by 7.14) 
 we get 10.8, and we express the nutritive ratio of corn as 1 to 10.8 or 1 : 10.8. 
 
 TABLE OF FOOD ANALYSES. 
 
 Tables of analyses of foods may be obtained from many different sources. 
 The following brief table gives the average digestible ingredients of some 
 of the most common food materials : 
 
 Total Dry Carbo- Nutritive 
 
 _ I'ood. Matter. Protein. hydrates. Fats. Ratio. 
 
 Corn Fodder 57.8 2.34 33.34 1.15 1:14.9 
 
 Corn Silage 25.6 1.21 14.56 0.88 1:13 7 
 
 Timothy 86.8 2.89 43.72 1.43 1:16.2 
 
 Red Clover 84.7 7.38 38.15 1.81 1:5.7 
 
 Alfalfa 91.6 10.58 37.33 1.38 1:3.8 
 
 Corn Meal 85.0 6.26 65.26 3.5 i 1:11.7 
 
 Ear Corn 89.1 7.14 66.12 4.97 1:10.8 
 
 Oats 89.0 9.25 48.34 4.18 1 : 6.2 
 
 Wheat Bran 88.5 12.01 41.S3 2.87 1:4.0 
 
 Wheat Middlings 84.0 12.79 53.15 3.4 1:4.8 
 
 Cottonseed Meal 91.8 37.01 16.52 12.58 1:1.2 
 
 Oil Meal 90.1 30.59 38.72 3.9 1:1.5 
 
 BALANCED RATIONS. 
 
 We have found that certain elements in plants go to build up or repair 
 certain tissues in the animal body. Different classes of animals, and animals 
 under different conditions of growth and age require different feeding. Thus 
 the growing calf requires muscle and bone-making material. The fattening 
 steer requires tissue-building and fat-producing material. The dairy cow 
 requires a food that will keep the vital organs in repair and at the same time 
 produce fat for milk production. Obviously, these different animals require 
 different rations. Each animal requires a ration in which the food elements 
 are supplied in the proportion best suited to meet the needs of its own con- 
 dition, work or growth. Such a ration is called a balanced ration, i. e., a ration 
 combined of foods mixed in such proportion as to provide the constituents in 
 such relative quantities as experience has shown to give the best results under 
 the given set of conditions. 
 
 The feeding standards give us the requirements of the animals. The 
 tables of analyses give us the amounts of digestible nutrients supplied by the 
 various foods. The task of the feeder is to combine these foods in such 
 quantities as will give the animals the required nourishment. In actual feed- 
 ing, the feeder must also make this selection with a view to economy and the 
 utilization of the foods at hand. To make a practical application, suppose that 
 we are to feed a dairy cow weighing 1,000 pounds and giving 33 pounds of 
 milk per day, and have clover hay, corn silage, corn meal, cottonseed meal 
 and wheat bran to feed. The feeding standards tell us that such a cow should 
 have about 89 pounds of dry matter per day. This dry matter should contain 
 2.5 pounds protein, 13 pounds carbohydrates, 0.5 pounds fat and have a nutri- 
 tive ratio of 1 to 5.65. By reference to the table of analyses and trying out 
 different quantities of foods named, we find that the requirements of the 
 standard are best met by a combination of 4i/2 lbs. clover, 27 lbs. silage, 
 SYz lbs. of corn, 6 lbs. of bran and 2 lbs. of cottonseed meal. By ref- 
 
866 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 erence to the table of analyses we find that their combination supplies the 
 nutritive elements in the quantities shown in the following table : 
 
 Dry Carbo- 
 
 Food. Matter. Proteint hydrates. Fats. 
 
 4.5 lbs. Clover 3.8 0.33 1.71 .08 
 
 27 lbs. Silage 6.9 0.32 3.93 .24 
 
 5.5 lbs. Corn 4.7 0.34 3.59 .19 
 
 6 lbs. Bran 5.3 0.72 2.47 .17 
 
 2 lbs. Cottonseed Meal ; 1.8 0.74 0.33 .25 
 
 Total 22.5 2.45 12.03 0.93 
 
 Standard 29.0 2.5 13. 0.5 
 
 Applying the rule given for determining the nutritive ratio, we find that 
 the ratio of the above combination is 1 to 6.4. The requirements of the 
 standard are thus met near enough for practical feeding. To meet the needs 
 of each individual, slightly vary the quantities here and watch results. Indi- 
 viduals vary in their needs, and the feeder must study his animals and vary his 
 computed rations accordingly. 
 
TRICKS OF HORSE TRADERS^ 
 
 During my thirty years of experience, I have had occasion to buy and sell 
 several thousand horses and have met with a great many deceptions among 
 unscrupulous horse traders. I have assisted in sending several crooked horse 
 dealers to the state's prison and for the protection of the public, I have deemed 
 it wise to expose a few of their tricks. Beware the Tricks of Horse Swindlers. 
 
 1. Dieting and Doping a Heaver. — Broken winded horses breathe easier 
 when empty, hence bulky food is kept from them, their food is dampened with 
 lime water and they are doped with such drugs as arsenic, lobelia, chloral 
 hydrate, opium, stramonium or even lard or linseed oil and sometimes bird 
 shot is given them to palliate or hide the symptoms of heaves until the horse 
 is unloaded on the purchaser. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Let him eat his fill of dry, bulky food or satisfy his 
 thirst with wate'r, then trot him up a hill or on a muddy road or otherwise 
 subject him to violent exercise and he will show the symptoms of heaves. 
 
 2. Plugging a Roarer or Whistler. — It is a common practice to insert a 
 sponge in one or both nostrils with thread attached, making it possible to 
 clear the nostril after the sale is made. Or, sometimes both ends are cut from 
 a lemon, it is squeezed dry and then inserted in the nostril where it will shrink 
 and be blown out later by the horse. Plugging the nostrils prevents roaring 
 or whistling for the time being. Checking the head high also aids in cover- 
 ing up the symptoms. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Always examine high up in nostrils when buying a 
 horse. Also give him a brisk gallop to bring out the' symptoms. 
 
 3. Blowing Up Old and Sweenied Horses. — When a dishonest horse 
 trader has a sweenied horse, it is a common practice for him to blow air under 
 the skin over the shrunken parts. He does this by puncturing the skin and 
 blowing air under it through a tube or goose quill. This gives the wasted 
 parts the appearance of being normal. Sometimes this is done with old horses 
 to give them a younger appearance. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — By applying pressure to the parts with the hand a 
 crackling noise is produced which is quite unnatural, therefore by close ob- 
 servation this trick is easily discovered. 
 
 4. Paralyzing a Switcher, — Unscrupulous dealers, to stop switching and 
 " line grabbing " until after a sale is made, hang a four or five pound weight 
 to the tail for several hours or tie the tail up over the back, keeping it in a 
 fixed position until the tail is temporarily paralyzed. This prevents switching 
 while the partial paralysis lasts. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — It is always suspicious when a horse hangs the tail in 
 a limp or pendulous way and never moves or switches it. ■ _ 
 
 5. Gingering. — Crooked horse traders frequently insert a piece of ginger 
 root in the lower bowel or moisten the anus with an irritating medicine of 
 some kind to make him carry a high tail and act more lively when in the show 
 ring or on the road. 
 
 267, 
 
268 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Be suspicious when a horse carries his tail too high. 
 
 6. Hiding Lameness. — Horse swindlers have learned to handle the hy- 
 podermic syringe and inject cocaine over the nerves on each side of a lame 
 leg. (This prevents pain and makes the horse go sound until after a sale or 
 trade is consummated. 
 
 Frequently they have a section of the nerve taken out and this perma- 
 nently relieves the animal of pain below the fetlock. Sometimes the nerve is 
 severed or divided above the knee or hock and this relieves lameness below. 
 
 Often the shoe is pulled off the foot of lame leg to deceive the buyer into 
 believing that the lameness was caused by casting a shoe and is only tem- 
 porary. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Watch closely for scars or needle punctures, espe- 
 cially above and below the fetlock. Be suspicious of a lame horse that has 
 cast a shoe. 
 
 7. Hiding Spavins, Ringbones and Sidebones. — ^Unscrupulous horse 
 dealers frequently make wounds or skin abrasions over a spavin, ringbone or 
 sidebone, or they bruise the parts to produce local swelling. This sometimes 
 misleads the buyer into believing that the horse has met, with a recent and 
 trivial injury from which he will soon recover. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Hesitate to buy a horse when sufifering from a wound 
 or skin abrasion in the localities where these blemishes are found. 
 
 8. Putting Heuness Galls on a Balky Horse. — Gypsies and disreputable 
 horse traders very often burn sores on the shoulders and disarrange the hail? 
 on top of the horse's neck as though caused by a cellar. They also chafe the 
 horse's sides as though done by the harness. This is done to make the inno- 
 cent purchaser believe that the horse received these scars while doing hard 
 work in the harness while it is possible that the horse will not pull a pound ii) 
 the harness. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Insist on seeing the horse work and pull a heavy load. 
 
 9. " Doctoring " a Cribber. — ^To conceal the fact that a horse is a cribber, 
 horse traders sometimes saw between the incisor teeth or drive small wedges 
 between them or make the mouth sore by cutting or burning the gums. The 
 horse is not likely to crib while his mouth is very sore. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Examine the mouth and incisor teeth very carefully 
 before buying. 
 
 10. Winding a Horse, — ^A common trick of horse traders when showing, 
 a broken winded horse is to gallop past the buyer, then go slow and consume as 
 much time as possible in turning. This allows the horse to catch his wind 
 and not show his broken wind when galloping past the buyer. Sometimes the 
 horse is made to appear as though trying to run away and thus requiring to 
 be held in. The head is also checked high and the nose kept poked out as 
 much as possible. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Insist on the horse being galloped fast for a con- 
 siderable distance and the nose pulled well into the breast. 
 
 11. "Bishoping." — For nearly a hundred years gypsies and dishonest 
 horse traders have been known to " Bishop " the teeth, thus making an old 
 horse appear young to the casual observer. The operation consists in cutting 
 cups in the table surface and staining them with nitrate of silver, thereby 
 giving the old tooth the appearance of a much younger one. Special tools 
 are made for this purpose and it is astonishing how expert some of the horse 
 traders become in this art 
 
TRICKS OF HORSE TRADERS. 269 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — ^An old horse seldom has the appearance of a young 
 one, and the teeth have an entirely different appearance. The difference wilJ 
 readily be noticed upon comparison. 
 
 13. The " Stool-Pigeon Swindler." — In all large cities, it is common prac- 
 tice with many disreputable horse dealers to advertise a horse as being the 
 property of Mrs. Blank, who is represented to the customer as a widow. She, 
 of course, is always dressed in black and sheds tears with ease while in reality 
 she is the "stool-pigeon" or accomplice of the swindler. Various misrepre- 
 sentations are made and after the swindle is discovered by the purchaser he 
 is either unable to find the sellers or he finds them to be irresponsible parties 
 from whom no damages can be collected. I have known operators of this kind 
 to rent as many as six or eight barns in various parts of the city and advertise 
 a horse first at one and then at another. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Beware of " stool-pigeons " and widows (when buy- 
 ing horses) and have a doubt in your mind when answering advertisements 
 of this kind. Don't be influenced by the horse stories of strangers but buy 
 the horse on its merits. 
 
 13. Matching a Fractious Horse with a Lazy One. — To deceive inno- 
 cent purchasers, dishonest dealers sometimes dope an unmanageable horse 
 with drugs to make him quiet and gentle. Or, sometimes the horse is walked 
 or driven, before shown for sale, until he is nearly exhausted. These things 
 are also done to match a fractious horse with a quiet, lazy one and make them 
 travel well together. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — In matching horses never decide too quickly and es- 
 pecially if the animal impresses you as being vicious or excitable for he may 
 have been " fixed " to deceive you. 
 
 14. The Straw and Stringhalt Trick. — When horses show stringhalt the 
 trader very often accounts, for it by saying it is a habit contracted on account 
 of being bedded deeply in rye straw, thus obliging the horse to lift his feet 
 high while walking about in the box stall. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Don't accept an excuse or apology for an ailment of 
 this kind. The excuse is generally made of " straw." 
 
 15. The Dark Trick. — Horse traders frequently desire to dispose of 
 horses that are suffering from moon blindness (periodic ophthalmia) and this 
 is an incurable eye defect which is much worse at some times than others. 
 These horses are usually disposed of in the evening or at the time when they 
 show the defect the least. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Never buy a horse in the dark. Notice that both eyes 
 are the same size, and that the lids are normal and the eyeballs transparent 
 and not of a bluish color. 
 
 16. Stuffing the Ears. — The ears of nervous and excitable horses are 
 often stuffed with cotton, wool or oakum to render the animal deaf and thus 
 prevent his becoming frightened by noise. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Always examine both ears closely. 
 
 17. The Meaning of Many Scars.— Scars are frequently the result of run- 
 aways or falling during a fit. The animal may be unmanageable or subject to 
 blind staggers or the scars may have been produced by injuries received while 
 rolling and tumbling with frequent attacks of colic. 
 
 Caution to Buyer. — Beware of a horse with many scars unless you know 
 what caused them. 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 DICTIONARY OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY TERMS. 
 
 Abate — To diminish, to lessen. 
 
 Abdomen — The belly; that part of the body containing the stomach and in- 
 testines. 
 
 Abdominal — Pertaining to the abdomen. 
 
 Ablution — Washing; cleansing with water. 
 
 Abnormal — ^Unnatural, irregular. 
 
 Abortion — Expulsion of fetus or child before it can sustain life. 
 
 Abrasion — A wound caused by rubbing or bruising the skin. 
 
 Abscess — A collection of pus in some tissue or organ of the body. 
 
 Absorbent — Anything which sucks up substances; a medicine which takes 
 up acidity from the bowels and stomach. 
 
 Absorption — ^The process or act of absorbing or sucking in ; condition of being 
 absorbed or sucked in. 
 
 Accoucheur — A man who attends mothers during childbirth. 
 
 Acetabulum — The cup or socket that receives the head of the thigh bone. 
 
 Acholia — Not a sufficiency of bile. 
 
 Acid — Sour, pungent, sharp or biting to the taste. 
 
 Acidity — Sourness. 
 
 Acme — The top ; the highest point. 
 
 Acrid — Pungent, bitter, irritating. 
 
 Actual Cautery — Searing or burning with a hot iron ; used in surgery. 
 
 Acupuncture — Pricking with needles ; one of the surgical operations. 
 
 Acute^-Severe, sharp ; the reverse of chronic ; coming quickly to a crisis. 
 
 Adhesion — Act of sticking ; union or sticking of surfaces. 
 
 Adhesive — Sticky, uniting, tending to adhere. 
 
 Adhesive Plaster — Sticking plaster. 
 
 Adipose — Fatty. 
 
 Adjuvant — A medicine put into a prescription to assist the action of the other 
 medicines. 
 
 Adult — A person or animal that has attained full growth. 
 
 Adventitious — Accidental; acquired, as diseases. 
 
 Affection — Disease, sickness, disorder, malady. 
 
 Affusion — The action of pouring a liquid upon any body. 
 
 Albumen — The white of an egg ; an element found in both vegetable and ani- 
 mal substances. 
 
 Albuminoid — Of the nature of albumen. 
 
 Albuminose — A substance produced in the stomach during the act of digestion. 
 
 Aliment — Any kind of food or nourishment. 
 
 Alimentary Canal — ^The canal extending from the mouth to the anus and in- 
 cluding the gullet, stomach and intestines. 
 
 Alkali — A substance like soda or potash that neutralizes or destroys acids, 
 
 270 
 
GLOSSARY. 271 
 
 Alterative — A medicine that gradually induces a change or restores healthy 
 action. 
 
 Alveolar Processes — That part of the jaw which contains the sockets of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Alveole — A tooth socket. 
 
 Alvine — Relating to the intestines. 
 
 Amaurosis — A loss of sight produced by various causes. 
 
 Amenorrhea — Absence, retention, or suppression of the menses. 
 
 Amnion — A membrane enclosing the fetus and the liquid. 
 
 Amniotic Liquid — The fluid surrounding the fetus. 
 
 Amputation — The act of cutting off a part of the body, as a limb. 
 
 Amylaceous — Containing starch. 
 
 Amyloids — Foods such as sugar and starch which are composed of carbon 
 and hydrogen. 
 
 Analysis — The resolving of a thing into its component parts. 
 
 Anastomosis — Communication between two vessels; applied to arteries and 
 veins. 
 
 Anasarca — General dropsy ; dropsy of the whole body. 
 
 Anatomy — The science or study of the structure of the body. 
 
 Anemia or Anaemia — A condition in which the blood is lacking in quantity 
 and quality. 
 
 Anesthesia — Numbness or paralysis of sensation. 
 
 Anesthetic — A medicine that takes away sensation or produces insensibility 
 to pain. 
 
 Aneurism — A soft tumor caused by rupturing the coats of an artery. 
 
 Angina Pectoris — Breast pang ; neuralgia of the heart. 
 
 Animalcule — An animal so small as to be invisible to the naked eye. 
 
 Anodyne — A medicine which relieves pain and induces sleep. 
 
 Anomaly — Irregularity; deviation from the general rule. 
 
 Antacid — A substance that counteracts acids; alkalies are examples. 
 
 Antaphrodisiac — A medicine which tends to cool the animal passions. 
 
 Anthelmintic — A medicine that destroys worms or expels them from the stom- 
 ach and bowels. 
 
 Anthrax — A reddish or purplish tumor occurring in the neck. 
 
 Antibilious — That which counteracts biliousness. 
 
 Antidote— A remedy which counteracts the effects of poisons or disease. 
 
 Antidysenteric — A remedy for dysentery. . 
 
 Anti-emetic — That which will check vomiting. 
 
 Antilithic — A medicine which will prevent or remove gravel or urinary calculi. 
 
 Antimorbific — Anything which will prevent or destroy disease. 
 
 Antiperiodic — A remedy for periodical diseases such as ague or intermittent 
 * fever. 
 
 Antiscorbutic — A remedy fOr scurvy ; a blood purifier. 
 
 Antiseptic — That which prevents or resists putrefaction. 
 
 Antispasmodic — A remedy which relieves cramps, spasms or convulsions. 
 
 Antisyphilitic — A remedy for syphilis. 
 
 Anus — The outer opening of the rectum or lower bowel. 
 
 Aorta — The large artery which carries the blood to all parts of the body ex- 
 cept the lungs. 
 
 Apathy — Insensibility to pain. 
 
 Aperient— A mild laxative ; a medicine which moves the bowels gently. 
 
273 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Aphthous — Pertaining to sore mouth. 
 
 Apnea — Absence of breathing. 
 
 Apoplexy — Rush of blood to an organ 
 
 Apparatus — ^A set of implements or organs lor some special use. 
 
 Appetite — Desire for food or drink. 
 
 Aqueous — Watery. 
 
 Arachnoid — A thin membrane* covering the brain. 
 
 Areola — The colored circle which surrounds the nipples or surrounds sores. 
 
 Areolar Tissue — A network of delicate fibres spread over the body. 
 
 Aroma — An intense or agreeable perfume or odor. 
 
 Aromatic — Fragrant or spicy drugs. 
 
 Artery — A vessel which carries the blood from the heart to the organs. 
 
 Arthritic — Relating to inflammation of the joints. 
 
 Arthrodia — A joint movable in all directions. 
 
 Articulate — To join together. 
 
 Articulated — Jointed; having joints. 
 
 Articulation — A union, as of the bones with each other at the joints. 
 
 Ascarides — Pin worms found in the lower part of the bowels. 
 
 Ascites — Dropsy of the abdomen. 
 
 Asphyxia — Apparent death as from drowning or smothering. 
 
 Aspirate — ^To breathe roughly. 
 
 Assimilation — ^The process of changing the nutriment of the food into tissue. 
 
 Asthenia — Weakness. 
 
 Asthenic — Debilitated. 
 
 Asthmatic — Subject to asthma. 
 
 Astringent — A medicine which contracts or puckers the flesh. 
 
 Atony — Defect of muscular power ; debility 
 
 Atrophy — A wasting of flesh and strength. 
 
 Attenuants — Medicines which reduce the weight of the body. 
 
 Attenuate — To make thin. 
 
 Auditory — Relating to hearing. 
 
 Auricle — A cavity of the heart ; also, the outer ear. 
 
 Auscultation — The art of diagnosing or determining a disease by listening to 
 
 the sounds of the heart, lungs, etc. 
 Autopsy — Examination of a corpse. 
 Axilla — The armpit. 
 Axillary — Pertaining to the armpit. 
 
 Balsamic — A medicine which has healing properties. 
 
 Benign — Kind, gentle, mild. 
 
 Bifurcation — Branching into two parts. 
 
 Bile — Gall. A bitter and yellowish or greenish fluid secreted by the liver and 
 
 which aids digestion. 
 Biliary — Belonging to or containing bile. 
 Bilious — Having too much bile. 
 Biology — The science of life. 
 Bisect — To divide into two equal parts. 
 Bistoury — A small cutting knife. 
 
 Blister — A thin bladder on the skin and containing a watery fluid. 
 Blood Serum — The yellow fluid which remains after the blood has coagulated 
 Bolus — A large pill. 
 Bougie— A tapering body inserted in a passage to keep it open or to enlarge it. 
 
GLOSSARY. 273 
 
 Bronchia — A branch of the windpipe. 
 
 Bronchial — Belonging to the divisions of the windpipe. 
 
 Bronchitis — Inflammation of the bronchial tubes. 
 
 Cachexia — A bad condition of the system. 
 
 Caecum — The blind gut. 
 
 Calcareous — Containing lime. 
 
 Calcification — The process of changing into a calcareous substance .such as 
 
 chalk. 
 Calculus — Stone or gravel found in the bladder or kidneys. 
 Calisthenics — Light gymnastics. 
 Callus — A hard deposit. 
 Callous — Hard or firm. 
 Caloric — Heat. 
 
 Canthrus — The corner of the eye. 
 Capillary — Fine, hair-like ; a very small blood vessel. 
 Capsicum — Cayenne pepper. 
 Capsule — A gelatinous case for enclosing a dose of unpleasant medicine ; also, 
 
 a membranous bag enclosing an organ. 
 Carbonic Acid Gas — A gas containing one part of carbon and two parts of 
 
 oxygen. 
 Cardiac — Relating to the heart. 
 Caries — Ulceration of a bone. 
 Carminative — A medicine which expels wind or gas from the stomach and 
 
 bowels. 
 Carotids — The large arteries of the neck which convey blood to the heart. 
 Carpus — The wrist. 
 Cartilage — Gristle. 
 
 Casein — That part of milk that contains nitrogen. 
 Castrate — To remove the testicles or ovaries. 
 Catalysis — Paralysis. 
 Catamenia — The monthly discharges. 
 Cataplasm — A poultice. 
 
 Catarrh — Chronic inflammation of a mucous membrane. 
 Cathartic — A medicine which opens the bowels freely ; a purgative. 
 Catheter — A hollow tube used for drawing off the urine. 
 Caustic — A substance which burns or destroys living tissues. 
 Cauterize — To apply caustic; to burn living tissue. 
 Cautery — A searing or burning of any part of the body. 
 Cell — A small elementary form in vegetable or animal tissue. 
 Cellular — Composed of cells. 
 Cephalic — Pertaining to the head. 
 
 Cerebellum— The lower and back part of the brain ; the small brain. 
 Cerebral — Pertaining to the brain. 
 
 Cerebrum— The upper and front part of the brain ; the large brain. 
 Cerebro-Spinal — Pertaining to the spinal cord and brain. 
 Cerumen — A wax-like secretion ; the wax of the ear. 
 "Cervical — Pertaining to the neck. 
 Cervix — The neck; the neck of the womb. 
 Cesspool — A privy. 
 
 Chalybeate — Containing iron in solution. 
 3—18 
 
274 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Chancre — A venereal sore ; the sore of syphilis. 
 
 Cholagogue — A medicine which causes an increased flow of bile. 
 
 Choleric — Pertaining to bile; irritable. 
 
 Chordee — A painful drawing of the chords of the penis occurring in gonorrhea. 
 
 Chronic — Of long duration and becoming a fixed condition of the system. 
 
 Chyle — The milky fluid formed from food by digestion. 
 
 Chyme — The pulp formed from food after it has mixed with the gastric juice. 
 
 Cicatrize — To heal or induce the formation of a scar. 
 
 Cilia — Small hairs. 
 
 Circulation — The motion of the blood which is forced through the body by 
 the heart. 
 
 Clavicle — The collar bone. 
 
 Climacteric — The climacteric periods are puberty and the change of life. 
 
 Clinical — Pertaining to the bed. 
 
 Clonic — Convulsive, irregular. 
 
 Clyster — An enema or liquid injection into the bowels. 
 
 Coagulate — To thicken or harden ; to change from a liquid to a solid state. 
 
 Coalesce — To unite ; to adhere ; to grow together. 
 
 Coition — Sexual intercourse. 
 
 Coffin-Bone — The lower bone of an .animal's leg encased in the hoof. 
 
 Colic — A painful disorder of the bowels. 
 
 Collapse — ^A sudden and complete breaking down; a sudden failure or pros- 
 tration of the vital functions. 
 
 Colliquative — Excessive sweats and discharges which weaken the body. 
 
 Collyrium — A medicine applied to the eye. 
 
 Colon — A portion of the large intestines. 
 
 Coma — Stupor ; a condition of profound and unconscious sleep. 
 
 Comatose — In a state of coma or stupor. 
 
 Combustion — Burning. ' 
 
 Compress — A bandage made with several folds of cloth. 
 
 Conception — The beginning of pregnancy. 
 
 Concretion — A hardened mass made up of gathered particles. 
 
 Concussion — A violent shock. 
 
 Condiment — An article used to make food more savory or palatable. 
 
 Condyle — A prominence of the joints. 
 
 Confluent — Running together. 
 
 Congenital — Born with; belonging to from birth. 
 
 Congestion — An accumulation of blood in a part. 
 
 Conjunctiva — The mucous membrane which covers the eye and lines the eye- 
 lid. 
 
 Conjunctivitis — An inflammation of the conjunctiva, or membrane of the eye. 
 
 Constipation — Costiven e^s . 
 
 Constriction — A narrowing or contraction. 
 
 Contagion — A disease which may bfe communicated by contact. 
 
 Contagious — Catching; may be transmitted by contact. 
 
 Contamination — Pollution. 
 
 Contusion — A bruise. 
 
 Convalescence — Period of getting well ; improvement after sickness. 
 
 Convoluted — Curved or rolled together. 
 
 Convulsions — Violent and involuntary movements of the body. 
 
 Copulation — Sexual intercourse, 
 
GLOSSARY. m 
 
 Cordial — A stimulating medicine or one that raises the spirits. 
 
 Coriaceous — Tough and elastic; leather-like. 
 
 Corium — A layer of skin. 
 
 Cornea — A transparent covering in the front of the eye. 
 
 Corrective — A substance put into medicine to modify its action. 
 
 Corroborant — A tonic or strengthening medicine. 
 
 Corrosive — A substance that consumes or eats away living tissue. 
 
 Cosmetic — A substance used to beautify the skin. 
 
 Costiveness — Constipation. 
 
 Counter-irritant — A medicine which relieves irritation in one part of the 
 
 body by increasing it in another part. 
 Cranium — The skull. 
 Cranial — Pertaining to the skull. 
 Crassamentum — The thick part of the blood. 
 Crepitas — Abrupt, harsh sounds. 
 Crisis — The turning point of a disease. 
 Crucial — Like a cross. 
 Crural — Belonging to the leg. 
 Crustaceous — Having a crust-like shell. 
 Cul-de-sac — A passage closed at one end. 
 Cutaneous — Pertaining to the skin. 
 Cuticle — The outer or scarf skin. 
 Cyst — A sac or pouch. 
 Cystitis — Inflammation of the bladder. 
 
 Debility — Weakness. 
 
 Debris — Broken or detached fragments. , \ 
 
 Decarbonize — To free from carbon. 
 
 Decoction — Medicine that is prepared by boiling some substance in water. 
 
 Decomposition — Decay. 
 
 Defecation — The passing or voiding of excrement from the body. 
 
 Degenerate — To grow worse or inferior. 
 
 Deglutition — The act of swallowing. 
 
 Dejection — Fecal matter discharged from the bowels. 
 
 Deleterious — Poisonous, destructive. 
 
 Deliquium — The act of fainting. 
 
 Delirium — Temporary loss o'f mind ; wildness. 
 
 Demulcent — A mucilaginous medicine which removes the pain of diseased or 
 
 wounded parts. 
 Dentition — Teething. 
 
 Dentifrice — A preparation for cleaning the teeth. 
 Deobstruent — A mild laxative. 
 
 Deodorizer — A substance that destroys bad odors. ' 
 Depletion— The act of emptying. 
 Depravation — Corruption. 
 Depuration — Cleansing from impurities. 
 Dermal — Pertaining to the skin. 
 Dermatologist — A specialist in skin diseases. 
 Desiccate — To become dry. 
 Desquamation — Scaling. 
 Detergent — A cleansing medicine. 
 
376. THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Determination — Strong direction toward some point. 
 
 Diabetes — 'A disease, in which there is an unusually large flow of urine. 
 
 Diagnosis — ^The act of determining diseases by the symptoms. 
 
 Di^horetic — A medicine which increases sweating. 
 
 Diaphragm — ^The muscular partition between the cavity of the chest and the 
 cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 Diathesis — Disposition of the system ; tendency of the body toward any dis- 
 ease; peculiarity of constitution. 
 
 Dietetic — Relating to diet. 
 
 Dilatation — Enlargement; the act of dilating. 
 
 Diluent — A liquid used to dilute or weaken a medicine; a medicine which 
 thins the blood. 
 
 Diluting — Weakening. 
 
 Discutient — A medicine for driving away or scattering swellings and tumors. 
 
 Disinfect — To purify or free from infectious matter. 
 
 Disinfectant — A .substance which destroys germs; an article which purifies 
 
 I infected places. 
 
 Dislocation — Throwing out of natural position; a bone out of its socket. 
 
 Distention — ^An expanding and stretching. 
 
 Distillation — The process of changing liquor to vapor and then to its first 
 form. 
 
 Diuresis — Excretion of the urine. 
 
 Diuretic — A medicine that increases the flow of urine. 
 
 Domestic — Belonging to the home. 
 
 Dorsal — Pertaining to the back. 
 
 Douche — Dashes or injections of water. 
 
 Drastic — A medicine which acts powerfully. 
 
 Dropsy — An unnatural accumulation of fluid in the body. 
 
 Duct — A vessel or tube for conveying fluid. 
 
 Duodenum — The first portion of the small intestines. 
 
 Dura Mater — A thick membrane lining the cavity of the skull. 
 
 Dyscrasia — A bad habit, generally producing a diseased condition of the 
 system. 
 
 Dyspepsia — Difficult of digestion. 
 
 Dysphagia — Difficulty of swallowing. 
 
 Dyspnea or Dyspnoea — Difficulty of breathing. 
 
 liysuria — Difficulty and pain in passing urine. 
 
 Ebullition — ^The motion of liquid when it is giving oflf bubbles of vapor. 
 Ecchymoma — An effusion of blood into the cellular tissue under the skin. 
 Ecchymosis — A black or yellowish spot produced by effused blood. 
 Ecraseur — An instrument used for castration. 
 Ecstasy — Great excitement; loss of mental control. 
 Eczematous — Of the nature of eczema. 
 Edema — A swelling filled with fluid. 
 Effervesce — To foam, as soda water. 
 Effete — Exhausted ; worn out. 
 
 Efflorescence — Redness of the surface as in measles. 
 Effluvium — An unpleasant odor or exhalation from decaying matter. 
 Effusion— The pouring out of fluids from their natural position into the tissues 
 or cavities of the body. 
 
GLOSSARY. 277 
 
 Elasticity-— The property of matter or a body by which it tends to resume 
 
 its original form after the removal of external pressure or force. 
 Electrization — Medical use of electricity. 
 Electuary — A medicine prepared with honey or syrup. 
 Eliminate — To throw out^ to expel ; to discharge. 
 Emaciate — To grow thin ; to waste away. 
 Embryo — The germ of an animal at the beginning of its development in the 
 
 womb. 
 Emesis — Vomiting. 
 
 Emetic — A medicine which produces vomiting. 
 Emmenagogue — A medicine which will promote the menstrual flow. 
 Emollient — A softening or relaxing medicine like. flaxseed. 
 Emphysema — A swelling caused by air in the tissues. 
 Empirical — Wanting in science; depending upon experiment. 
 Empyema — A collection of pus, blood, etc. 
 Emulsion — A milky mixture containing water, oil and mucilage. 
 Enamel — ^The outer covering of the teeth. 
 Encephalon — The whole brain. 
 Encysted — Enclosed in a sac or cyst. 
 
 Endemic — A disease peculiar to a certain people or locality. 
 Endermically — Through the skin. 
 
 Endocarditis — Inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart. 
 Endocardium — The lining membrane of the heart. 
 Enema — An injection into the rectum. 
 Enervation — A redtiction of strength. 
 Engorgement — Over-fyllness or obstruction of a vessel. 
 Enteric — Pertaining to the intestines. 
 Enteritis — Inflammation of the intestines. 
 Ephemera — A fever lasting but a day. 
 Ephemeral — Of short duration. 
 Epidemic — A disease attacking a number of persons or animals in a locality 
 
 at the same time. 
 Epidermis — The cuticle ; the outer skin. 
 Epigastrium — The upper part of the abdomen. 
 Epiglottis — A cap over the windpipe which prevents the entrance of food oi 
 
 drink. 
 Epileptic — Subject to epilepsy or convulsions. 
 Epiphora — A surplus secretion of tears. 
 Epispastic — An external application to the skin. 
 Epistaxis — Nose bleed. 
 Epithelium — The layer of cells which covers many of the membranes of the 
 
 body. 
 Erethism — Morbid energetic action of irritability. 
 Erosion — An eating or wearing away. 
 
 Errhine — A medicine to promote the discharge from the nose. 
 Eructation — Belching. 
 
 Eruption — A breaking out ; a rash on the skin. 
 Erjrsipelatous — Pertaining to erysipelas. 
 Erjrthematic — Causing a morbid redness of the skin. 
 Eschar — The scurf ; the dead part which falls from the surface. 
 Escharotic — An application which, destroys the flesli. 
 
278 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Esophagus — The gullet ; the tube which conveys food to the stomach. 
 
 Etiology — That branch of medicine which treats of the cause of disease. 
 
 Eustachian Tube — A small tube leading from the throat to the ear. 
 
 Evacuant — Cathartic. 
 
 Evacuation — Movement of the bowels or passing of urine. 
 
 Exacerbation — Violent increase in a disease. 
 
 Exanthema — An eruptive disease like scarlet fever or small-pox. 
 
 Excision — The act of cutting out or off. 
 
 Excitant — ^A stimulant ; a medicine which arouses vital activity. 
 
 Excoriate — To wear oflf the skin in any way. 
 
 Excrement — Refuse matter; matter ejected from the bowels. 
 
 Excrescence — An unnatural growth like a wart or bunion. 
 
 Excretion — Excrement ; that which is thrown off. 
 
 Exfoliate — Peeling or scaling off. 
 
 Exhalation — A breathing out or throwing out of vapor, gas, air, etc.; also 
 
 that which is thus thrown off. 
 Exostosis — An unnatural growth from a bone. 
 Expectorant — A medicine which promotes the discharge from the lungs or 
 
 throat. 
 Expectorate — To spit or cough up mucus or saliva. 
 Expiration — A breathing out. 
 Extraneous — Foreign ; from without. 
 Extravasation — The act of forcing a fluid out of its proper channels ; a blood. 
 
 blister. 
 Extremities — The arms and legs. 
 Exudation — A discharge, as of sweat; sweating. 
 Exude — ^To sweat; to ooze out. 
 
 Facial — Relating to the face. 
 
 Faecal or Fecal — Relating to the feces. 
 
 Faeces or Feces — The discharges of the bowels ; the excrement: 
 
 Fallopian Tubes — The canals through which the ovum passes from the ovaries 
 
 to the womb. 
 Farinaceous — Containing starch. 
 Farcy — Acute glanders. 
 
 Fascia — The layer of connective tissue covering all muscles. 
 Fauces — The pharynx and back part of mouth. 
 Feces-^(See faeces). 
 
 Febrifuge — A medicine which reduces fever. 
 Febrile — Pertaining to fever; feverish. 
 Feculent — Foul from dregs or sediment. 
 Fecundation — The uniting of the ovum with the male germ. 
 Femur — The thigh bone. 
 Fermented — Changed by decomposition. 
 Ferruginotjs — Containing or made of iron. 
 Fetid — Having a disagreeable or offensive odor. 
 Fetor — An offensive smell. 
 
 Fetus or Foetus — The unborn child or animal in the womb. 
 Fibrine — Animal matter found in blood. 
 Fibrous — Composed of small fibres or threads. 
 Fibula— The smaller of the bones between the ankle and knee. 
 
GLOSSARY. m 
 
 Filter — To strain through paper or other substance made for that purpose. 
 
 Filtration — Straining ; the act of passing through a filter. 
 
 Fistula — An ulcer ; a deep narrow abscess. 
 
 Fistulous — Hollow like a tube. 
 
 Flaccid — Soft, flabby, relaxed. 
 
 Flatulency — The state of being inflated with gas ; having wind on the stomach. 
 
 Flatulent — Generating wind in the stomach and intestines. 
 
 Flatus — Wind generated in the stomach. 
 
 Flexible — Capable of being bent. 
 
 Flexor — :A bender ; as a muscle that bends a limb or other part. 
 
 Flooding — Uterine hemorrhage. 
 
 Flush — A flow of blood to the face ; to cleanse by a sudden wash of water. 
 
 Flux — Flow; diarrhea; an unusual discharge from the bowels. 
 
 Foetus or Fetus — The unborn child or animal in the womb. 
 
 Follicle — A gland ; a small depression in the skin. 
 
 Fomentation — External application by means of cloths dipped in water or 
 
 medicine. 
 Foramen — A perforation ; a small opening. 
 Forceps — An instrument having two blades and used for grasping bodies 
 
 firmly. 
 Formication — A creeping sensation. 
 Formula — A medical prescription. 
 Fracture — A broken bone. 
 Friction — Irritation by rubbing. 
 Fumigate — To apply vapor or smoke. 
 Function — A particular duty or use. 
 Fundament — The anus ; the outer opening of the bowel. 
 Fundus — The base or bottom of any hollow organ. 
 Fungus — A spongy, growth, as proud flesh. 
 
 Galvanism — Current electricity. 
 
 Galvanization — The application of the galvanic current. 
 
 Ganglion — A knot or lump of tendons; an enlargement of nerves. 
 
 Gangrene — Death or mortification of a part of the body. 
 
 Gargle — A wash for the mouth or throat. 
 
 Gastric — Pertaining to the stomach. 
 
 Gastric Juice — A juice secreted by the stomach. 
 
 Gastritis — Inflammation of the stomach. 
 
 Gelatinous — Jelly-like. 
 
 Generation — Reproduction ; the process or act of begettmg. 
 
 Genitals — The sexual or reproductive organs. 
 
 Gestation — The period of pregnancy. 
 
 Gland— A cell or collection of cells the function of which is to secrete some 
 
 fluid. 
 Glandular— Gland-like;, pertaining to the glands. 
 
 Glans — The head of the penis. 
 
 Glottis — The upper part of the windpipe. 
 
 Gluteus — A name applied to the muscles of the hip. 
 
 Glutinous — Containing or resembling glue. 
 
 Granular — Made up of or resembling grains. 
 
 Granulation — Healing of a wound or ulcer with healthy matter. 
 
380 THE PEOPLE'S PIOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Granules — Small grains. 
 
 Groin — The arch; the oblique depression between abdomen and thigh. 
 
 Grumous — Clotted, thick. 
 
 Guttural — Pertaining to the throat. 
 
 Habit — A peculiar temperament or state of the body; a predisposition to do 
 
 a particular thing. 
 Habitat — The usual abode of an animal. 
 Haemal — Relating to blood. 
 Hasmatein — The coloring matter in the blood. 
 Hair-bulb — The enlargement at the root of a hair. 
 Hallucination — A disorder of the mind in which the patient imagines he sees 
 
 things which do not exist. 
 Haunch — The upper part of the thigh ; the hip. 
 Hectic — A remitting fever or fever of advanced disease. 
 Hemalemes — Hemorrhage from the stomach. 
 Hematosis — A morbid or excessive quantity of blood. 
 Hematura — Hemorrhage from the bladder. 
 Hemiplegia — Paralysis affecting but one side of the body. 
 Hemoptysis — A spitting of blood. 
 Hemorrhage — Bleeding ; a discharge of blood. 
 Hemori-hoids — Piles ; bleeding piles. 
 Hemorrhoidal Veins — The veins about the rectum which cause piles whe|i 
 
 they become enlarged. 
 Hepatic — Pertaining to the liver. 
 
 Herbaceous — Pertaining to herbs as an animal which eats herbs. 
 Hereditary — Transmitted from parent to offspring. 
 Hernia — A rupture or protrusion of the bowels. 
 Herpes — A slnn disease. 
 
 Humors — The fluids of the body excepting the blood. 
 Hxmierus — The upper bone of the arm or foreleg. 
 
 Hydragogue — A medicine which produces a watery discharge from the -bowels. 
 Hydrargyrum — Quicksilver ; calomel. 
 
 Hydrogen — An elementary principle forming a ninth part of water. 
 Hydrophobia — Rabies, madness. 
 Hydrothorax — Dropsy of the chest. 
 
 Hygiene — That part of science which treats of the preservation of health. 
 Hymen — The membrane covering the mouth of the vagina. 
 Hjirpefaemia — A congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body. - 
 Hyperesthesia — A state of exalted sensibility of a part of the body. 
 Hypertrophy — Enlargement ; excessive development. 
 Hypnotic — Possessing the quality of producing sleep. 
 Hypochondriacal — Low-spirited, melancholy. 
 Hypodermic — Under the skin. 
 HypOgastrium — The lower part of the abdomen. 
 Hysterical — Nervous ; subject to hysteria. 
 
 Ichor'— A watery discharge as from ulcers. 
 
 Idiopathy — A primary disease which does not depend on any other disease. 
 
 Idiosyncrasy — A peculiarity of temperament or constitution. 
 
 Ileous — Colic of the small intestines. 
 
GLOSSARY. 281 
 
 Ileum — A portion of the small intestine. 
 
 Iliac Region — Region of the small intestines. 
 
 lUuminant — That which affords light. 
 
 Imbecility — Weakness of the mind. 
 
 Immerse — To put under water. 
 
 Imperforate — Without a natural opening. 
 
 Impregnation — The uniting of the female with the male germ-cell. 
 
 Impotence — Want of power. 
 
 Impurity — That which is foul and impure. 
 
 Inanition — Emptiness, weakness, exhaustion. 
 
 Incision — The act of cutting. 
 
 Incisor — A front tooth. 
 
 Incontinence — Inability to hold ; want of self-restraint. 
 
 Incorporate — To mix. 
 
 Incubation — The maturing or development of a contagious disease ; hatching. 
 
 Incubus — The nightmare. 
 
 Indigenous — Native. 
 
 Indigestible — Not easily digested. 
 
 Indisposition — A poor state of health. 
 
 Induration — The act of hardening. 
 
 Infection — The communication of disease. 
 
 Infectious — Contagious. 
 
 Inflammation — A redness or swelling of any part; attended with heat. 
 
 Inflate — To swell up. 
 
 Infusion — A medicine prepared by steeping, not boiling; a tea. 
 
 Ingestion — Forcing into the stomach. 
 
 Inguinal — Pertaining to the groin. 
 
 Inhalation — The act of breathing in or drawing into the lungs. 
 
 Inhale — To draw into the lungs ; to breathe in. 
 
 Injection — A preparation thrown into the body by the means of a syringe. 
 
 Inoculation — Communication of a disease to a healthy person or animal by 
 
 inserting contagious matter under the skin. 
 Inorganic— Without the organs necessary for life as a mineral. 
 Insalivation — The mixing of the food with saliva when eating. 
 Insemination — The emission of sperm in sexual intercourse. 
 Interstice — A small space between the particles of a body. 
 Insomnia — Sleeplessness. 
 Inspiration — Breathing in. 
 
 Inspissation- — The act of thickening by boiling or evaporation. 
 Integument — The skin ; a covering. 
 Intercostal — Between the ribs. 
 Intermittent — Ceasing at "intervals. 
 Intestines — The bowels. 
 Intra — Within. 
 
 Intussusception — Telescoping; the slipping of one tube into another. 
 Iris — The curtain which gives the eye its color. 
 Irrigate — To wash out. 
 
 Jejunum — The middle division of the small intestine. 
 Jugular — Applied to the veins of the throat ^ 
 
283 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Labia — Lips. 
 
 Lacerated — Torn . 
 
 Lachrymal — Pertaining to tears. 
 
 Lactation— The act of milking or sucking; nursing. 
 
 Lacteals — Vessels conveying milk or chyle. 
 
 Lamella — A thin plate or scale. 
 
 Laminal — Having the form of a thin plate or scale. 
 
 Lancinating — Piercing as with a sharp instrument; often applied to piercing 
 
 pains. 
 Languor — Lassitude, feebleness. 
 
 Larva — An insect in its early form after leaving the egg. 
 Laryngitis — Inflammation of the larynx. 
 Laryngoscope — An instrument for viewing the larynx. 
 Laryngotomy — The operation of cutting the larynx. 
 Laryrlx — The upper part of the windpipe. 
 Lateral — Sidewise. 
 
 Laxative — A medicine that loosens the bowels ; a mild cathartic. 
 Lesion — A hurt or injury. 
 Lethargy — Drowsiness, heaviness. 
 Leucorrhea — A discharge from the womb. 
 Lienteric — Pertaining to a certain form of diarrhea. 
 Ligament — The strong structure which binds the bones together. 
 Ligation — The art of using a ligature. 
 Ligature — A cord for tying blood-vessels. 
 Linctus — A soothing cough remedy. 
 Liniment — A fluid wash for bruises, etc. 
 
 Lithontripic — A medicine to dissolve gravel or stone in the bladder. 
 Lithotomy — The operation of cutting for the purpose of removing stone from 
 
 the bladder. 
 Lithotrity — The crushing operation for stone in the bladder. 
 Livid — Black and blue. 
 
 Lobe — A round projecting part of an organ. 
 
 Lochia — The evacuations from the womb and vagina after childbirth. 
 Loin — The part of the back wall of the abdomen between the pelvis and chest. 
 Lumbago — Rheumatic pains in the small of the back and loins. 
 Lumbar — Pertaining to the loins. 
 Lymph — A colorless fluid in the lymphatic vessels. 
 Lymphatic — Absorbents ; vein-like vessels pervading the body. 
 
 Macerate — To steep almost to solution. 
 
 Macular — Blemishes; colored spots. 
 
 Malady — Disease. 
 
 Malar — Pertaining to the cheek bone. 
 
 Malaria — Bad air causing disease. 
 
 Malarial — Pertaining to malaria. 
 
 Malformation — Irregular in formation or structure. 
 
 Malignant — Dangerous ; liable to cause death. 
 
 Malleolus — A projection of the ankle bone. 
 
 Mamma — The breast of the female. 
 
 Maminalia — Animals that suckle their young. 
 
 Mania— Violent derangement of the mind. 
 
GLOSSARY. 283 
 
 Manipulation — Examination by the hand. 
 
 Marrow — A soft substance in the bones. 
 
 Massage — Rubbing, kneading. 
 
 Mastication — The act of chewing. 
 
 Masturbation — Self-abuse. 
 
 Materia Medica. — The science of medicine. 
 
 Matrix — The womb. 
 
 Maturation — The formation of matter or pus. 
 
 Maxilla — The jaw-bone. 
 
 Meatus — A passage or canal. 
 
 Meconium — The first evacuations of an infant. 
 
 Mediastinum---The partition formed by the meeting of the pleura, dividing 
 
 the chest into two lateral parts. 
 Medula Oblongata— A mass of nerves at the lower part of the brain. 
 Membrane — A thin sheet-like tissue. 
 
 Meninges— The three membranes that envelope the brain and spinal cord. 
 Menses. — The monthly flow or sickness of females. 
 Menstrual — Pertaining to the menses. 
 Menstruation — The monthly discharges from the womb. 
 Menstruum — A liquid used to dissolve solid substances. 
 Mephitic — Noxious, suffocating. 
 
 Mesentery — The membrane which attaches the intestines to the spine. 
 Metacarpus — The part of the hand between the wrist and fingers. 
 Metastasis — A transference of disease from one place to another. 
 Metatarsus— The portion of the foot between the ankle and toes. 
 Miasma, Miasmata — Malaria ; exhalations from swamps and decaying matter. 
 Miasm — Infection floating in the air. 
 Micturition — The act of making water. 
 Midwife — A woman who attends another at childbirth, 
 Minim — A drop.. 
 Minimum — The least. 
 Mitral Valves — Valves of the heart. 
 Molars — The teeth used for grinding. 
 
 Molecule — The smallest portion of matter which can exist alone. 
 Morbid — Unhealthy ; diseased. 
 Morbific — Producing disease. 
 Morbus — A disease of the bowels. 
 Mortification — Decay. 
 Mucilage — A glutinous solution of gum. 
 Mucous Membrane — The membrane which lines all the cavities of the body 
 
 which open externally. 
 Mucus — A mucilaginous fluid secreted by the mucous membrane. 
 Muscle — An organ which produces motion by its contraction. 
 Myalgia — Muscular rheumatism. 
 
 Narcotic — A medicine which produces sleep or relieves pain. 
 
 Nasal — Belonging to the nose. 
 
 Nausea — Sickness at the stomach with inclination to vomit. 
 
 Nauseant — A medicine which causes sickness at the stomach. 
 
 Navel — Center of the abdomen. 
 
 Necrosis — Decay or death of bone. 
 
384 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Negus — A liquid made of water, wine, nutmeg, sugar and lemon juice. 
 
 Nephritic — Pertaining to the kidneys. 
 
 Nephritis — Inflammation of the kidneys. 
 
 Nervine — A medicine which soothes nervous excitement. 
 
 Neuralgia — Pain in the nerves. 
 
 Neurasthenia — Nervous exhaustion. 
 
 Nevus — A birthmark. 
 
 Nitrogen — One of the gases in the atmosphere. 
 
 Nocturnal — Occurring at night. 
 
 Node — A knot, a protuberance. 
 
 Normal — Healthy, natural. 
 
 Nostalgia — Homesickness. 
 
 Nostrum — A patent medicine ; a quack medicine. 
 
 Noxious — Injurious, disagreeable. 
 
 Nutritious— Possessing nourishment. 
 
 Nutritive — Nourishing. 
 
 Nymphomania — Excessive desire in the female for sexual intercourse. 
 
 Obesity — Stoutness ; excessive fatness. 
 Obstetrical — Pertaining to midwifery. 
 Obstetrics — The science of midwifery. 
 Obtuse— Dull. 
 
 Occipital — Pertaining to the back part of the head. 
 Ocular — Pertaining to the eyes. 
 Oedema or Edema — A watery swelling. 
 Olfactory — An organ of smelling. 
 Omentum-^The covering of the bowels. 
 Ophthalmia — Inflammation of the eyes. 
 
 Ophthalmoscope — An instrument used for examining the eyes. 
 Opiate — A medicine containing some form of opium and producing sleep. 
 Optic — Pertaining to the eye or to sight. 
 
 Orthopnea — A disease, as asthma, which is attended with difficulty in breath- 
 ing. 
 Osseous — Resembling or formed of bone. 
 Ossification — Turning into bone. 
 Ossify — ^To turn to a bone-like substance. 
 Os Uteri — ^The mouth of the womb. 
 Otoscope — ^An instrument used for examining the ear. 
 Ovary — ^The female organ in which the ovum or egg is forme(^. 
 Ovariotomy — The operation for the diseases of the ovary. 
 Ovum — An egg. 
 Oxygen — A gas which forms one-fifth of the atmosphere. . 
 
 Pabulum — Food. 
 
 Palatableness — Degree of pleasantness to the taste. 
 
 Palate — The roof of the mouth or the partition separating the cavity of the 
 
 mouth from that of the nose. 
 Palliative — A remedy which relieves pain. 
 
 Palpitation — A violent fluttering and irregular beating of the heart. 
 Panacea — A cure-all ; a medicine for all diseases. 
 Panada — A soft and nourishing food. 
 
GLOSSARY. 385 
 
 Pancreas — The sweetbread; a gland located in the abdomen. 
 
 Papillae — Small elevations on the skin and tongue. 
 
 Paracentesis — Puncturing of the abdomen or chest for the purpose of draw- 
 ing off water. 
 
 Parcdysis — Loss of control of any organ ; palsy. 
 
 Paralytic — One having paralysis. 
 
 Paraplegia — Paralysis of the lower part of the body. 
 
 Parasite — An animal or plant which lives in or upon anothen 
 
 Parenchyma — The soft cellular substance of the tissues of plants and animals. 
 
 Parotid Glands — The glands which secrete the saliva. 
 
 Paroxysm — A spasmodic or periodical convulsion. 
 
 Parturition — The act of bringing forth young. 
 
 Patella — The knee-pan. 
 
 Pathognomonic — Characteristic of a disease. 
 
 Pathology — The science which treats of the causes and nature of diseases. 
 
 Pectoral — Pertaining to the chest. 
 
 Pedicle — The narrow part of a tumor. 
 
 Pediculus — A louse, (plural, Pediculi). 
 
 Pelvis — The bony cavity forming the lower part of the trunk. 
 
 Pepsin — A substance in the stomach which aids digestion. 
 
 Peptic — Aiding digestion. 
 
 Percussion — Tapping upon the body to judge of the condition of the internal 
 organs. 
 
 Perflation — The act of blowing through. 
 
 Pericardium — The membrane or sac enclosing the heart. \ 
 
 Pericarditis — Inflammation of the membrane enclosing the heart. 
 
 Perichondrium — The membrane which covers the cartilages. 
 
 Pericranium — The membrane covering the bones of the skull externally. 
 
 Perineum — The part between the genital organs and the anus. 
 
 Periodicity — The state of having regular periods of change. 
 
 Periosteum — The membrane which covers the bones. 
 
 Peristaltic — Contracting in successive circles. 
 
 Permeate — To pass through the pores without rupturing. 
 
 Permeable — Capable of being permeated. 
 
 Perspiration — Sweat. 
 
 Petechias — Purple spots which appear on the skin in low fever. 
 
 Phagedenic — Eating, corroding. 
 
 Phalanges — The bones of the fingers and toes. 
 
 Pharynx — The cavity at the base of the skull or back part of mouth and upper 
 part of throat. 
 
 Phlebotomy — The letting of blood. 
 
 Phlegm — Mucus from the bronchial tubes. 
 
 Phlegmatic— Sluggish, dull, heavy. 
 
 Phlegmon — Inflammation of the cellular tissues. 
 
 Phlegmonous — Of the nature of phlegmon. 
 
 Phlogistic — Inflammatory. 
 
 Phthisical — Pertaining to phthisis or consumption. 
 
 Phthisis — Consumption. 
 
 Physiognomy — The countenance or face. 
 
 Physiology — ^The science which treats of the organs and their functions. 
 
 Placenta — The appendage which connects the fetus with the parent. 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Plasma — ^The colorless fluid of the blood. 
 
 Plethora — The state of being too full. 
 
 Plethoric — A full habit of body ; corpulence. 
 
 Pleura — The membrane which covers the lungs and lines the chest. 
 
 Pleurisy — Inflammation of the pleura. 
 
 Plexus — Any network of vessels, fibres or nerves. 
 
 Pneumonia — Inflammation of the lungs. 
 
 Polypus — A tumor shaped like a pair; a tumor which grows from mucous 
 
 membranes. 
 Portable — ^That which may be carried. 
 
 Portal Vessels — The cluster of veins which join and enter the liver. 
 Post-mortem — After death. 
 Potable — Drinkable. 
 
 Pregnancy — The condition of being with child or with young. 
 Premonitory — Giving warning beforehand. 
 Prescription — A formula for the preparation of medicines. 
 Probang — An instrument for relieving animals that are choking. , 
 Probe — An instrument for examining a wound ; to examine with a probe. 
 Process — A projecting part; a protuberance. 
 Prognosis^Fortelling the course and termination of a disease. 
 Prolapsus — The falling downward or forward of a part. 
 Prolapsus Ani — The falling of the anus. 
 Prolapsus Recti — ^The falling of the rectum. 
 Prolapsus Uteri — The falling of the uterus, or womb. 
 Prophylactic — Preventive; a preventive medicine. 
 Prostration — Loss of strength. 
 Proteids — Foods composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. The 
 
 white of an tgg is an example. 
 Protozoan — A primary division of the animal kingdom. 
 Pruritus — Itching. 
 
 Pruritus Vulva — A disease in which there is great itching of the vulva. 
 Pseudo — False. 
 
 Ptyalin — A ferment contained in the saliva. 
 Ptyalism — Salivation ; an excessive flow of saliva 
 
 Puberty — Full growth ; the age at which one is capable of begetting young. 
 Puerperal — Pertaining to childbirth. 
 Pulmonary — Pertaining to the lungs. 
 Pulmonic — A medicine used for diseases of the lungs. 
 Pulmonitis — Inflammation of the lungs. 
 Pulsate — To throb or beat. 
 Pulse — The beating of the heart and arteries. 
 Pulp — A soft mass. 
 Pungent — Bitter acrid, piercing. 
 
 Pupil — ^The opening in the colored curtain of the eye. 
 Purgative — A medicine which causes the bowels to move freely. 
 Purulent — Consisting of matter or pus; resembling pus. 
 Pus — An unhealthy yellowish-white matter produced by suppuration, 
 Pustules — Pimples on the skin which contain pus. 
 Putrefaction — Decomposition by fermentation. 
 Putrescent — Pertaining to putrefaction. 
 Putrid — Rotten, decomposed. 
 
GLOSSARY. 387 
 
 Pylorus — ^The opening from the stomach into the intestines. 
 Pyrosis — Water-brash. 
 
 Quiescent — Being at rest. 
 
 Quickening — The time when movements of the fetus in the womb are first 
 noticed. 
 
 Rabies — Hydrophobia. 
 
 Rales — The noise made by air passing through mucus in the lungs. 
 
 Ramify — To divide into many branches. 
 
 Raphe — The appearance of parts as if sewed together. 
 
 Receptacle — That which contains or receives. 
 
 Rectal — Pertaining to the rectum. 
 
 Rectum — The lower part of the large bowel. 
 
 Recumbent — Lying down; reclining. 
 
 Recurrent — Returning from time to time. 
 
 Refrigerant — Medicines which lessen fever or heat. 
 
 Regimen — Systematic treatment and diet to restore health. 
 
 Regurgitation — The act by which blood is forced or allowed to flow back in 
 
 an unnatural manner. 
 Remission — A temporary subsidence of pain or disease. 
 Remittent — Having remissions. 
 Reproduction — The production of young. 
 
 Resolution — The disappearance of inflammation without the formation of ptis. 
 Resolvent — A medicine having power to disperse inflammation. 
 Respiration — Breathing. 
 
 Restorative — A medicine which restores health and strength. 
 Resuscitation — Reviving from apparent death. 
 Retina — The internal nervous tissue of the eye where the image is formed in 
 
 seeing. 
 Retrocession — The change of an eruption from the surface to inner parts. 
 Revulsive — Hostile, repugnant. 
 Rheum — A thin fluid secreted by mucous glands. 
 Rickets — A disease or softening of the bones. 
 Rigor — A convulsive shuddering. 
 Rubefacient — An external application like mustard which causes redness of 
 
 the skin. 
 Rubiiic — To make red. 
 
 Saccharine — Like or containing sugar. 
 
 Sacral — Pertaining to the sacrum. 
 
 Saline— Salty. , , , 
 
 Saliva — The spittle ; the secretion of the glands of the mouth. 
 
 Salivation — An excessive secretion of saliva. 
 
 Salutary — Wholesome. 
 
 Sanative — Healing, curative. 
 
 Sanguine — Hopeful. 
 
 Sanies — A thin fluid discharged from wounds or ulcers. 
 
 Sanitary — P^ertaining to health. 
 
 Sanitation — ^The act of rendering healthy.^ 
 
 Scab— A crust or formation over a sore in healing. 
 
288 -THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Scarf-skin — The cuticle or outer skin. 
 
 Scapula — ^The shoulder blade. 
 
 Scale — ^A flat, thin, horny outgrowth of skin. 
 
 Sciatic — Pertaining to the hip. 
 
 Sciatic Nerve — ^The large nerve of the thigh. 
 
 Scirrhous — Pertaining to scirrhus. 
 
 Scirrhus — A certain kind of cancerous growth. 
 
 Sclerotic — The hai;d white outer coat of the eye. 
 
 Scorbutic — Pertaining to or of the nature of scurvy. 
 
 Scrofulous — Affected with scrofula; pertaining to scrofula. 
 
 Scrotum — The bag which contains the testicles. 
 
 Scurvy — A disease due to impaired nutrition. 
 
 Sebaceous — Giving fatty secretions. 
 
 Secrete — To separate or take froi* the blood. 
 
 Sedative — A quieting medicine which allays irritation and soothes pain. 
 
 Sedentary. — Inactive. 
 
 Semiflexion — Bending half over. 
 
 Seminal — Pertaining to or contained in seed. 
 
 Senile — Pertaining to old age. 
 
 Sensorium — The seat of sensation. 
 
 Septic — A substance which promotes putrefaction. 
 
 Septicaemia — Blood poisoning. 
 
 Sequel — That which follows; the results. 
 
 Serous — Watery, thin. 
 
 Serum — The watery or liquid portion of the blood. 
 
 Sewerage — System of sewers. 
 
 Sewage — Refuse material removed by sewers. 
 
 Shank — The part of the leg from the knee to the foot. 
 
 Sialogogue — A medicine which increases the flow of saliva. 
 
 Sinapism — A poultice or plaster of mustard. 
 
 Sinew — That which unites the muscles to the bones. 
 
 Slough — To fall off; the dead part which falls off. 
 
 Solution — Composed of liquid and a solid su^bstarice; a dilution. 
 
 Solvent — Having the power to dissolve solids. 
 
 Soporific — A medicine which induces sleep. 
 
 Sordes — Excretions ; foul matter. 
 
 Spasm — A cramp; a convulsion; a sudden contraction of muscles. 
 
 Specific — An infallible remedy; a sure-cure. 
 
 Speculum — An instrument for throwing light into passages of the body for 
 
 the purpose of examination. 
 Sphincter — A muscle that contracts the orifice. 
 Spinal — Belonging to the spine. 
 Spinal Column — The back-bone. 
 
 Spinal Cord — ^The nervous marrows in the back -bone. 
 Spleen — An organ situated in the abdomen and attached to the stomach. 
 Splint — A bony tumor on the splint bone of a horse. 
 Sporadic — Separate, single, scattered. 
 Squamous — Having scales. 
 Sternum — The breastbone. 
 Stertor — Snoring; noisy breathing 
 Stertorous — The act of snoring 
 
GLOSSARY, 289 
 
 Stethoscope — An instrument used for listening to the sounds of the lungs and 
 
 heart. 
 Stimulant — A medicine which increases vitality or excites healthy action. 
 Stomachic — Pertaining to the stomach; a medicine which excites the action 
 
 of the stomach. 
 Stomatitis — Inflammation of the mouth. 
 
 Stool — ^A discharge from the bowels ; to discharge from the bowels. 
 Strangulated — Choked ; having the circulation stopped. 
 Strangulation — Suffocation. 
 
 Stranguary — A difficult and painful discharge of urine. 
 Stricture — An unnatural contraction of a passage of the body. 
 Struma — Scrofula. 
 Strumous — Pertaining to scrofula. 
 Stupor — Numbness, insensibility. 
 
 Styptic — An astringent ; a medicine which stops bleeding. 
 Subcutaneous — Under the skin. 
 Submaxillary — Under the jaw-bone. 
 Sudor — Sweat. 
 
 Sudorific — A medicine that causes sweating. 
 
 Suppository — Medicinal substances introduced into the rectum or vagina, 
 Suppurate — To generate pus. 
 
 Supperation — The act or process of generating pus. 
 Suture — A seam. 
 
 Symptom — A sign or token of disease. 
 Syncope — Fainting or swooning. 
 Synchronous — Occurring at the same time. 
 
 Synovia — A fluid which resembles the white of an egg and lubricates the Joints. 
 Syphilis — A contagious venereal disease. 
 Syphilitic — Pertaining to syphilis. 
 Syphon — A tube or pipe. 
 Syringe — An instrument for injecting liquids into various parts of the body. 
 
 Tannic Acid — An astringent made from oak bark. 
 Tapping — Drawing off collected fluid. 
 Tartar — A substance which forms on the teeth. 
 Tegument — ^The covering of the body. 
 Temperament — A peculiar habit of body. 
 Tendon — A tough cord uniting a muscle to some other part.. 
 Tenesmus — Difficulty and pain at stool. 
 Tenuity — Thinness. 
 Tepid — Lukewarm. 
 Tergal — Of or pertaining to the neck. 
 Tertian — Occurring every other day. 
 Testes — The testicles. 
 
 Testicles — Glands situated in the scrotum and containing the seminal fluid. 
 Tetanic — Pertaining to the art of healing. 
 Tetanus — Lockjaw. 
 
 Therapeutic — Pertaining to the art of healing. 
 Thorax — The chest. 
 
 Tibia — The large bone in man below the knee ; the inner of the two bones of 
 the hind limb of an animal above the hock. 
 3—19 
 
290 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Tincture — Spirits containing medicine in solution. 
 
 Tonic — A medicine that increases the strength of the system. 
 
 Tormina — Severe griping pains. 
 
 Tonsils — Glands on either side of the throat. 
 
 Torpid — Dull, sluggish. 
 
 Torpor — Inactivity. 
 
 Torsion or Tortion — The act of twisting. 
 
 Tomiquet — An instrument used to stop or arrest bleeding. 
 
 Trachea — The windpipe. 
 
 Tracheotomy — A surgical operation on the trachea or for croup. 
 
 Translucent — Partially transparent. 
 
 Transpiration — Exhalation from the skin. 
 
 Transude — To pass through the porfes. 
 
 Traumatic — Relating to wounds ; a medicine used to cure wounds. 
 
 Tractile — Capable of being drawn out. 
 
 Tremor — An involuntary shivering. 
 
 Trephining — Removing a piece of bone from the skull by an operation. 
 
 Triturate — To pulverize or grind to a powder. 
 
 Tubercle — A tumor or swelling. 
 
 Tumefaction — ^The act of swelling or forming a tumor. 
 
 Turner — A rounded projection of bone. 
 
 Tumor — A morbid enlargement or swelling of any part of the body. 
 
 Tympanum — The ear-drum. 
 
 T3rphoid — Weak ; low ; resembling typhus. 
 
 Typhus — A nervous or exhaustive fever. 
 
 Ulcer — A sore which discharges pus. 
 
 Ulna — The larger bone of the forearm in man or the elbow of the foreleg in 
 
 animals. 
 Umbilic — Pertaining to the navel. 
 Umbilicus — The navel 
 
 Ursemic — Pertaining to an accumulation of the principles of urine in the blood. 
 Urea — A substance found in the urine. 
 
 Ureter — The duct running from the kidneys to the bladder. 
 Urehra — The canal through which the urine passes out of the body. 
 Uric Acid — An acid contained in the urine. 
 Urinary — Pertaining to the urine. 
 Urine — The water or secretion from the bladder. 
 Uterus — The wombc 
 Uvulva— The soft part of the palate ; the part of the palate which hangs dowp 
 
 Vaccinate — To inoculate with cow-pox by inserting the vaccine under the skip 
 
 Vaccine — Matter derived from cows for purpose of vaccination. 
 
 Vagina — ^The canal or passage from the womb to the vulva. 
 
 Vaginismus — Spasm of the vagina caused by irritability. 
 
 Valetudinarian — A person of a sickly or weak constitution. 
 
 Varicose — Swollen or enlarged. 
 
 Variolous — Pertaining to small-pox. 
 
 Vascular — Full of vessels such as veins and arteries. 
 
 Veins — The vessels which return the blood to the heart. 
 
 Venery — Sexual indulgence. 
 
GLOSSARY. 891 
 
 Venesection — ^The operation of opening a vein ; phlebotomy. 
 
 Veneous — Pertaining to the veins. 
 
 Ventilation — A free admission of air. 
 
 Ventral — Belonging to the belly. 
 
 Ventricles — Small cavities in a body; the posterior cavities of the heart. 
 
 Vermifuge — A medicine which destroys or removes worms. 
 
 Vertebra — A bone of the spinal column. 
 
 Vertigo — Dizziness. 
 
 Vesicant — A blistering application. 
 
 Vesication — ^The process of blistering. 
 
 Vesicle — A small bladder or sac. 
 
 Veterinary — Pertaining to the art of treating domestic animals. 
 
 Villi — Very small thread-like projections. 
 
 Virile — Pertaining to a man. 
 
 Virulent — Malignant, poisonous, extrem-e!y dangerous. 
 
 Virus — Poisonous or contagious matter. 
 
 Viscera — The organs contained in the abdomen. 
 
 Viscid — Sticky; like glue. 
 
 Viscus— Any internal organ. 
 
 Vitiate — To contaminate; to spoil. 
 
 Vitreous Humor — The fluid in the eye behind the lens. 
 
 Volatile — Easily evaporated ; capable of wasting away. 
 
 Vulnerary — Pertaining to wounds ; useful in healing wounds. 
 
 Vulva — The external opening of the genitals of the female. 
 
 Whites — Fluor Albus ; leucorrhea. 
 
 Zymotic — Contagious diseases such as may be inoculated. 
 
sea THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes.) 
 
THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 2»3 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes.) 
 
 — — — ■ » '^ — '- ■ ■ 1— ^ — .— — ■ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 ,1' 
 
 N ■, 
 
 
 
294 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 (Additional Recipes.) 
 
VETERINARY INDEX. 
 
 For index of Cattle, see page 302; for index of Sheep, see page 308; for index of 
 Hogs, see page 309; for index of Poultry, see page 311; for index of Household Pets, 
 see page 312; for Miscellaneous index, see page 313. 
 
 HORSES. 
 
 Abortion 
 
 Abscess , ,',,', 
 
 Abscess, Cold 
 
 Abscess in Throat 
 
 Abscess of Ear 
 
 Absorbent and Blister 
 
 Acute Eczema 
 
 Acute Indigestion 
 
 Acute Inflammation of Kidneys 
 
 Afterbirth, Removing '. 
 
 After-pains Following Foaling 
 
 Age, How to Tell 
 
 Ailments, Kidney 
 
 Air in Chest 
 
 Air Under Skin 
 
 Amaurosis 
 
 Anasarca 
 
 Anemia 
 
 Ani, Prolapsus 
 
 Ankle, Diseases of 
 
 Ankle, Cocked ^ 2, 
 
 Apoplexy 
 
 Appetite, Depraved 
 
 Arthritis of Hip Joint 
 
 Ascites 
 
 Astringent Lotion, Cooling 
 
 Atrophy of Muscles 
 
 Azoturia 
 
 47 
 87 
 87 
 39 
 63 
 254 
 57 
 16 
 43 
 50 
 50 
 8 
 43 
 41 
 
 63 
 33 
 III 
 28 
 91 
 97 
 68 
 17 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 253 
 
 72 
 
 45 
 
 B 
 
 Back, Sore 89 
 
 Bai> Slood 109 
 
 Balking 7 
 
 Barrenness 47 
 
 Belly, Swelling op Beforje Foaling ... 51 
 
 Big Head f^'. 107 
 
 Big Leg 104 
 
 Bites of Insects and Snakes 86 
 
 Biting, Crib 7 
 
 Bitting a Colt 3 
 
 Bladder, Diseases of 43 
 
 Bladder, Inflammation of 43 
 
 Bladder, Stone in 46 
 
 Bleeding iii, 251 
 
 Blehjing After Castration 53 
 
 Bleeding After Foaling 50 
 
 Bleeding from Navel ' 51 
 
 Blemishes , . » 
 
 Blind Staggers 65 
 
 Blindness, Moon 63 
 
 Blister 254 
 
 Blister and Absorbent 254 
 
 Bloat, Puncturing to, Relieve 17 
 
 Bloating, People's Home Remedies for 16 
 
 Blood, Bad or Impure 109 
 
 Blood Letting m 
 
 Blood Poisoning iii 
 
 Blood Spavin ' 78 
 
 Bloody Urine (See "Hematuria.") ... 44 
 
 Bodies in Ear, Foreign 63 
 
 Bodies in Eye, Foreign 63 
 
 Boil, Shoe 2, 83 
 
 Bog Spavin 2, 78 
 
 Bone, Diseases of i, 74 
 
 Bone, Fracture of Hip 86 
 
 Bone, Inflammation of 74 
 
 Bone Spavin i, .76 
 
 Bones, Broken 75 
 
 Bowed Tendons 2 
 
 Bowel, Falling of 28 
 
 Bowel, Tapping 17 
 
 Bowels, Diseases of , , 15 
 
 Bowels, Inflammation of 21 
 
 BOTS 31 
 
 Brain, Congestion of 6s 
 
 Bran Mashes, How to Make 14 
 
 Break-down 2, 97 
 
 Breaking, Halter 7 
 
 Breaking, Training and Handling 
 
 Horses 3 
 
 Breathing Organs, Diseases of 35 
 
 Breeding and Feeding -261 
 
 Broken Bones 75 
 
 Broken Knee 2 
 
 Broken Wind 36 
 
 Bronchial Tubes, Diseases of 35 
 
 Bronchitis 36 
 
 Bronchocele 105 
 
 Bruised Knee 82 
 
 Bruises of Sole of Foot 81 
 
 29s 
 
g9d 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 SUIS&9, SniKs w.. 8i 
 
 NCHES ..^.. V 74, 92 
 
 ■UBNS AND Sbvl^ 59 
 
 StlBSAL Enlarcbmests 2 
 
 a 
 
 OSITIES 
 
 ■SOR lU Exs 63 
 
 ^KEB ..,.„ .^ a 
 
 SS's ON TmnB 30 
 
 ppED Exanr .2; S3 
 
 PED HOCH 2f 82 
 
 |jl£ OF TEE ICUHSEB 13 
 
 ^SE OF THB &K .. .' II 
 
 ^BIES * 30 
 
 ^BTILAGE OP EaS, DISEASES OF 63 
 
 '§TING S 
 
 iTKATtOK .», - 52 
 
 ^STBATiosr, ItBEBnrG After 53 
 
 ■ STRATKar, ^TKLiJirc After S3 
 
 STRATIOS, TfajUBLES FOLLOWING S3 
 
 lAERH 30 
 
 TABBH, Chronic Nasal (Nasal Gleet) 40 
 
 lARRH, MaUGSTANT 40 
 
 :rAsRH OF Eye fe 
 
 _ IaRRHAL ilFFECnONS 2S4 
 
 ^J'ARRHAL T'eVEK 253, 254 
 
 pHARTIC . .-; 252 
 
 eebro-Spinal Meningitis 69 
 
 F.ST, Air OB G5s in 41 
 
 tST, TaPMNC Ill 
 
 EST, Water nr ; 41 
 
 JLL9 lOI 
 
 ioKisG , Sl_ 
 
 OHEA 69 
 
 JioNic GittGff 40 
 
 ^ONic Eczema 57 
 
 iJNIC FotTNDER 99 
 
 ONic Indigestion 1^ 
 
 gONic Inflammation of Kidneys 43 
 
 Sonic Lamintits 2; 99 
 
 CJ3konic Nasal Catarrh (Nasal Gleet) 40 
 
 ^CH Galls ? 
 
 RH09IS 33 
 
 Eantno SP 
 
 |cked AnkLes 2; g; 
 
 FIN Joint Lameness 98 
 
 ID ABSOESg Sf 
 
 LD9 AND Catarrhal Affections 254 
 
 Lie 253 
 
 LtC, FtATOEENT OR WlND I7, 253 
 
 Lie, Spasmodic iS 
 
 5llar Galls; z? ^, 255 
 
 I^lt, Birmra 3 
 
 Slt, How to Saddle Break 3 
 
 plts, consxirmion in 27 
 
 ^LTS, Diasbhba in 26 
 
 DLT9, Rheumatism in v ro9 
 
 srcEETioNa, Intestinal •■•.•••j, 25 
 
 UDrnoM Powders iro; 2s6i~zs7 
 
 ormation- and Good Points r 
 
 SGESTiON OP Brain 6$ 
 
 Congestion of Liver , 32 
 
 Congestion of Lungs 35 
 
 Conjunctivitis 62 
 
 Constipation 26 
 
 CSwJSTiPAiioN IN YouNO Colts 27 
 
 CSntagious Ophthalmia 62 
 
 Comtracted Heels 2, 100 
 
 Contused Wounds 84 
 
 Cpqung Astringent Lotion 253 
 
 Corns' 2, 93 
 
 CpUGH, Chronic 40 
 
 Cough Mixture 251, 252 
 
 CauGHs 41 
 
 Convex Soles 99 
 
 QtACK, Quarter 2, 94 
 
 Qback, Sand 94 
 
 QgACKs, Toe 2 
 
 Cracks in Wall 94 
 
 Cbacked Heels 55, 255 
 
 Craijps 18 
 
 CgiB Biting 7 
 
 Curb , 2, 78 
 
 Cut, Speedy 82 
 
 Cuts 85 
 
 Cystitis 43 
 
 D 
 
 Decayed Teeth 30 
 
 Defects and Blemishes * i 
 
 Depraved Appetite ." 17 
 
 Diabetes Insipidus ' 44 
 
 Diaphragm, Spasm of 37 
 
 Diarrhea 25 
 
 Diarrhea in Young Colts 20 
 
 Difficult Foaling 140 
 
 DiGfisTivE Organs, Diseases of 15 
 
 Dilation of CETsoPHAgus 31 
 
 Disease, Loco 34 
 
 Disease, Monday Morning 104 
 
 Disease, Navicular 2 
 
 Diseases of Bladder 43 
 
 Diseases of Bones i, 74 
 
 Diseases of Bowels 15 
 
 Diseases of Bronchial Tubes 35 
 
 Diseases of Cartilage of Ear 03 
 
 Diseases of Digestive Organs 15 
 
 Diseases of Eye and Ear 6t 
 
 Diseases of Fetlock, Ankle and Foot. 91 
 
 Diseases of Foot 2, 91 
 
 Diseases of Generative Organs of 
 
 Horse and Mare 47 
 
 Diseases of Kidneys 43 
 
 Diseases of Liver ts 
 
 Diseases of Lungs 35 
 
 Diseases of Mouth 15 
 
 Diseases of Muscles, Tendons, Liga- 
 ments and Skin , 2 
 
 Diseases op Nervous System 64 
 
 Diseases of Respisatory or Breathing 
 
 Organs * , 33 
 
 Diseases of Skin s^ 
 
 Diseases of Spleen in 
 
 Diseases of Stomach 15 
 
STOCK INni3£. 
 
 Diseases of Synovial Membranes 2 
 
 Diseases of Thboat 35 
 
 Diseases of Urinaky Dkgans 43 
 
 Diseases, Variods loi 
 
 Dislocation of Eyeball ^ 
 
 Dislocation of Patella 81 
 
 DiSTEMPES . . . . , 102 
 
 Diuresis . . , , 44 
 
 Drinks and Foods foe Sick Horses 14 
 
 Dropsy 33, 51 
 
 Dropsy of Lungs 41 
 
 Drugs, UsEFin. Stable 246 
 
 Drying Powder 254 
 
 Dysentery 25 
 
 Ear, Abscess of 63 
 
 Ear and Eye, Diseases and Injuries of 61 
 
 Ear, Diseases of Cartiuvgeof 63 
 
 Ear, Foreign Bodies m 63 
 
 Ear, Inflammation of Internal 6g 
 
 Ears, Lacerated 63 
 
 Eating Grain, Kicking While 6 
 
 Eczema, Acute and Chronic 57 
 
 Educating Horses 4 
 
 Elbow, Capped 2, 83 
 
 Elbow Tumors z, $3 
 
 Enlargements, Bursal « 2 
 
 Enlargement of Thyroid Gland k»s 
 
 Enteritis -. 2t 
 
 Enuresis 46 
 
 Epilepsy 69 
 
 Epizootic ice 
 
 Erysipelas 57 
 
 EvERSiON OF Uterus or Womb ^ 
 
 EvERSioN OF Vagina ^ 
 
 Examination fob Sotjndnesss - - . $ 
 
 fxHAUSTiON, Heat fiiS 
 
 xosTOSis of Jaw 76 
 
 Eye and Ear, Diseases and Injuries of 61 
 
 Eyeball, Dislocation of 63 
 
 Eye, Cancer in 63 
 
 Eye, Catarrh of ^62 
 
 Eye, Foreign Bodies in 63 
 
 Eye, Glass 63 
 
 Eye Lotion 252, 253 
 
 Eye, Pink 102 
 
 Eye, Worm in 62 
 
 Eyelids, Injuries to 63 
 
 Eyes, Inflamed fe 
 
 Eyes, Inflammation OF 61 
 
 Eyes, Sore -. ^ 61 
 
 V 
 
 Failing Fits § 
 
 Falling OF BowEi 2B 
 
 Farcy ^..... ^.^ 107 
 
 Farcy, Water .....>......... 104 
 
 Feeding, Proper .....u 10 
 
 Feeding and Breeding 261 
 
 Feet. Punctvbed Wounds of * Ss 
 
 Fetlock,T!)iseases Bf ^ > . , . . \jfl 
 
 Fetlock_J*ints, SisnosiE v. ....... |iS 
 
 FEvm. Catasbsal ,.».BS3, m 
 
 Feves, Lung (Pneomoa^ SB 
 
 Fevhi, Mast p 
 
 FEflH, )tVB „,.., sfc 
 
 Fever, Pdbbfekal ,. at 
 
 Fever, SnwetKe >..... 1% 
 
 Fifty M«bbrn PiffiscRiP!t»NE ..^^ 2gt 
 
 First Lebwst ra Breakhstg ,. ^ 
 
 Frerota ^ 2, Jf 
 
 FiSTUlXHJB WiTMISS ,. S 
 
 Fns, Fallstg ,. > ^ 
 
 FLATUManr Gdlm; ..-.17, ^ 
 
 TUMWfSB -..>■. M 
 
 Foal, Sltriows bf , ^v^...... A 
 
 FoALiNC, Aftsh-pains Toixxmrnx |» 
 
 FoALINCj "BtEEBING AfTES ,,, |l» 
 
 FoALINC, " DtWmiL T i» - • ' "Q* 
 
 FoAUNG, SwEixiNG OF Boxy JteWIBE ... «■ • 
 
 Foals, Weakness in Legs Vf jBi 
 
 Food and Feeding, Psoi^i _ 3r# 
 
 Foods and Drinks for Sick JSmesm "tf 
 
 Foot, ^ujsbs of Sole bf S 
 
 Foot, Dkeasbs w ,.. 2, 51 
 
 Foot, TPuMKH) jf 
 
 Foreign BoDtHB IN Eits «,>... 6$ 
 
 Foreign Bodies IS Eye , S 
 
 Forgimc , ,, pi 
 
 FbuN»B» „ 2, pS 
 
 FouNDBt, Chkbnic ,.w.. joa 
 
 Fracture of Hip Bone J* 
 
 FRACtmffis ,. jp{ 
 
 FRosiwias ^....... ,. 39 
 
 Frothing at Mouth ^ 
 
 Fungus HjEmatddes .. .. fi« 
 
 a 
 
 Galls, Cinch ,..., 
 
 Galls, CoLLSJi ...^.,2,89, 
 
 Galls, Sabbix .^.£,89, 
 
 Gall§, WiSD , 
 
 GARlArl' ,^^^-»> 
 
 Gas in Chest 
 
 Gastiutk 
 
 Generative IDrgans, "DisE.flSiB flp 
 
 Giving Mhmciwe ^ 
 
 Gland, Thyeoib— Enlaecemews «f 
 
 Glandehb .-,.,.., — 
 
 Glass Eia: ..»^ 
 
 Gleet ..., 
 
 Gleet, ^STASia, .., »,>.... 40, 
 
 Glossh* » 3.... 
 
 GewBB ..,».,.. 10s, 
 
 GoNWHtSaiEA »—,.> 
 
 Gooo'PawTs ^,. .,,.>. 
 
 Gorged Btwmach ,.„»> 
 
 G«Am. Ku^iwc WkhjiE**** 
 
 Gutfrat. .-*r~.»-..> 
 
 Grease Tbsm. ,.^™>«..». 
 
 Gruh., How to Uais; .»;.o«, 
 
 GnrtA ^Sss^jiA .,.. ».*.-.»<»». 
 
298 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 H 
 
 H^MAXODES, Fungus : 63 
 
 hematuria 44 
 
 Halter Breaking 7 
 
 Halter Pulling 7 
 
 Handling Horses 3 
 
 Harness, Kicking in 6 
 
 Hay Tea 14 
 
 Haw, Inflammation of 62 
 
 Head, Big 107 
 
 Healing Lotion 251, 252, 253 
 
 Healing Salvf. 253 
 
 Heat Exhaustion 66 
 
 Heaves 36, 40, 41 
 
 HEEt, GRfeASE S6 
 
 Heels, Contracted 2, 100 
 
 Heels, Cracked SS. 255 
 
 Hemorrhagica, Purpura iii 
 
 Hepatitis 32 
 
 Hernia 22 
 
 Hernia, Diaphragmatic 23 
 
 Hernia, Inguinal 22 
 
 Hernia, Scrotal 22 
 
 Hernia, Umbilical '. 22 
 
 Hernia, Ventral 23 
 
 Hiccoughs 37 
 
 Hide-bound ,. 58 
 
 Hind Quarters, Partial Paralysis of 45 
 
 Hip Bone» F'racture of 86 
 
 Hip Joint, Arthritis of 80 
 
 Hip Joint Lameness 80 
 
 Hipped 86 
 
 Hock, Capped 2, 82 
 
 Hock, Sprung 82 
 
 Hoof-bound ' 100 
 
 Horse Traders, Tricks of 267 
 
 How to Give a Horse Medicine 14 
 
 How to Locate Lameness 71 
 
 How to Make Bran Mashes 14 
 
 How to Make Gruel 14 
 
 How to Saddle Break a Colt 3 
 
 How to Subdue Vicious Horses 4 
 
 How to Tell a Horse's Age 8 
 
 Hydrophobia .- . 65 
 
 Hydrothorax 41 
 
 I 
 
 III, Joint 52 
 
 IjfpACTiON OF Stomach 20 
 
 Impure Blood 109 
 
 Incised Wounds 84 
 
 Incontinence of Urine 46 
 
 Indigestion - 15 
 
 Indigestion, Acute , 16 
 
 Indigestion, Chronic iS 
 
 Inflamed Eyes 62 
 
 Inflammation loi 
 
 Inflammation of Bladder 43 
 
 Inflammation of Bones 74 
 
 Inflammation of Bowels 21 
 
 Inflammation of Eyes 6r 
 
 Inflammation of Haw 62 
 
 Inflammation of Internal Ear ..*.... 63 
 
 nflammation of 
 nflammation of 
 nflammation of 
 nflammation of 
 nflammation of 
 nflammation OF 
 
 NFLAMMATION OF 
 NFLAMMATION OF 
 NFLAMMATION OF 
 NFLAMMATION OF 
 NFLAMMATION OF 
 NFLAMMATION OF 
 NFLAMMATION OF 
 NFLAMMATION OF 
 NFLUENZA 
 
 NjURED, Care of 
 njured and Sick, 
 of 
 
 Kidneys, Acute — 43 
 Kidneys, Chronic . . 43 
 
 Liver 32 
 
 Lungs 35 
 
 Mouth (Stomatitis) 28 
 Navel Urine Duct. . 51 
 
 Stomach 21 
 
 Testicles 52 
 
 Tongue 29 
 
 Udder 51 
 
 Urethra 52 
 
 Vagina 49 
 
 Veins 11 1 
 
 Womb 49 
 
 102 
 
 13 
 
 Stable Management 
 
 II 
 
 NjURiES TO Eyelids 63 
 
 njuries of the Eye and Ear 61 
 
 NJURIES TO Tongue 30 
 
 nsects. Bites of 86 
 
 NsiPiDUS, Diabetes 44 
 
 NTERFERING 96 
 
 NTERNAL EaR, INFLAMMATION OF 63 
 
 NTESTINAL CONCRETIONS 2$ 
 
 NTESTINAL TUMORS . 24 
 
 NTESTINAL WORMS 23 
 
 NTUSSUSCEPTION 2? 
 
 RITIS 62 
 
 RREGULAR STRANGLES (See " Strangles.") 103 
 
 RREGULAR TeETH 30 
 
 TCH S7 
 
 TCHiNG Tail 57 
 
 Jaw, Exostosis of ,1 76 
 
 Jaw, Locked ' 64 
 
 Jaundice 33 
 
 Joint, Arthritis of Hip 80 
 
 Joint III 52 
 
 Joint Lameness, Coffin g8 
 
 Joint Lameness, Hip 80 
 
 Joint Lameness, Navicular 98 
 
 Joint, Open 8q 
 
 Joint, Sprain of Stifle 81 
 
 Joints, Stiff 92 
 
 Joints, Striking Fetlock ! 96 
 
 Joints, Swollen 109 
 
 Joints, Wounds at 84 
 
 K 
 
 Kicking in Harness 6 
 
 JKicKiNa in Stall 6 
 
 Kicking While Eating Grain 6 
 
 Kidney Ailments 43 
 
 Kidneys, Acute Inflammation of 43 
 
 Kidneys, Chronic Inflammation of . . 43 
 
 Kidneys, Diseases of 43 
 
 Knee, Broken 2 
 
 Knee, Bruised 82 
 
 Knees, Sprung a 
 
 Knuckling . , . , ^ 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 399 
 
 L 
 
 Lacerated Ears 63 
 
 Lacerated Wounds ' 84 
 
 La Grippe 102 
 
 Lameness 7 j^ 74 
 
 Lameness, Coffin Joint .' 98 
 
 Lameness, Hip Joint 80 
 
 Lameness, How to Locate 71 
 
 Lameness, Navicular Joint 98 
 
 , Lameness, Shifting 108 
 
 Lameness, Whirlbone 80 
 
 . Laminitis 98 
 
 Laminitis, Chronic 2, 99 
 
 Lampas ' 30 
 
 Large Bowel, Tapping 17 
 
 Laryngitis 38 
 
 ■ Leaking at Navel 109 
 
 Leg, Big 104 
 
 Legs of Foals, Weakness in 106 
 
 Lesson in Breaking, First 3 
 
 Leucorrhea 48, 2SS 
 
 Lice 59 
 
 Ligament, Suspensory — Rupture of 97 
 
 Ligaments, Diseases- of 2 
 
 Ligaments, Sprains of 73 
 
 Liniment, Mild Stable 251 
 
 Liniment, White 251 
 
 Liniments 74 
 
 Lips, Wounds of '. 86 
 
 Liver, Congestion of 32 
 
 Liver, Diseases of 15 
 
 Liver, Inflammation of 32 
 
 Locating Lameness 71 
 
 Lockjaw '. 64 
 
 Loco Disease 34 
 
 Long Round Worms ; 23 
 
 Lotion, Cooling Astringent 253 
 
 Lotion, Eye 252, 253 
 
 Lotion, Healing 251, 252, 253 
 
 Lotion, Soothing 254 
 
 Lung Fever (Pneumonia) 35 
 
 Lung Troubles 41 
 
 Lungs, Congestion of 35 
 
 Lungs, Diseases of 35 
 
 Lungs, Dropsy of 41 
 
 Lungs, Inflammation of 33 
 
 Lymphangitis 104 
 
 M 
 
 Maggots in Wounds 85 
 
 Malignant Catarrh 40 
 
 MaIignant Sore Throat 39 
 
 Mallein Test " . . 108 
 
 Mammitis , 51 
 
 Management of Sick and Injured 11 
 
 Mange ' 57 
 
 Mashes, Bran 14 
 
 Medicine, How to Give 14 
 
 Megrims :)• 65 
 
 Membrana Nictitans, Inflammation of 62 
 
 Membranes, Synovial — Diseases of . . . 2 
 
 Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal 69 
 
 Metritis 49 
 
 Mild Stable Luhment 251 
 
 Milk Fever 51 
 
 Miscarriage 47 
 
 Modern Prescriptions, Fifty 251 
 
 Monday Morning Disease 104 
 
 Moon Blindness 63 
 
 Mouth, Diseases of 15 
 
 Mouth, Frothing at 29 
 
 Mouth, Inflammation of (Stomatitis) 28 
 
 Mouth, Sore 28 
 
 Mud Fevfjr 55 
 
 Muscles, Atrophy of 72 
 
 Muscles, Diseases of 2 
 
 Muscles, Sprains of 73 
 
 Myelitis 68 
 
 N 
 
 Nail Punctures 86 
 
 Nasal Catarrh, Chronic (Nasal Gleet) 
 
 ^, •■••• 40, 254 
 
 Nasal Polypus 41 
 
 Navel, Bleeding from 51 
 
 Navel, Leaking of 109 
 
 Navel, Urine Discharged Through 52 
 
 Navel Urine Duct, Inflammation of. . 51 
 
 Navicular Disease 2 
 
 Navicular Joint Lameness 98 
 
 Nephritis 43 
 
 Nervous System, Diseases of 64 
 
 Nettle Rash , 58 
 
 Nymphomania 52 
 
 O 
 
 CEsophagus, Dilation of 31 
 
 OisoPHAGUs, Stricture of 30 
 
 Ointment, Zinc 253 
 
 Old Sores 80 
 
 Open Joint 80 
 
 Ophthalmia, Contagious 62 
 
 Ophthalmia, Simple 6i 
 
 Ophthalmia, Periodic 63 
 
 Orchitis 52 
 
 Organs, Digestive — Diseases of 15 
 
 Organs, Generative — Diseases of 47 
 
 Organs, Respiration or Breathing — 
 
 Diseases of 35 
 
 Organs, Urinary — Diseases of 43 
 
 OsTEO Porosis 107 
 
 Ostitis 74 
 
 Otitis 63 
 
 Over- Reaching ■ ' 96 
 
 P 
 
 Palpitation 37 
 
 Paralysis 67 
 
 Paralysis of Hind Quarters, Partial. 45 
 
 Paralysis of Pharynx or Throat 38 
 
 Parts, Wasting Away of 72 
 
 Patella, Dislocation of ... , 81 
 
 Pericarditis iii 
 
 Periodic Ophthalmia 63 
 
 Peritonitis 22 
 
300 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Pharyngitis 38 
 
 Pharynx, Paralysis of 38 
 
 Phlebitis ill 
 
 Pink Eye 102 
 
 Pin Worms 23, 253 
 
 Placenta, Removing 50 
 
 Plethora iii 
 
 Pleurisy 35 
 
 Pneumonia 35 
 
 Pneumothorax 41 
 
 Points, Good i 
 
 Poisoned Wounds 84 
 
 Poisoning, Blood iii 
 
 Polypus, Nasal 41 
 
 Poll-evil 2, 88, 89 
 
 Powders, Condition iio, 256, 257 
 
 Pricking 86 
 
 Profuse Stalling 44 
 
 Proper Food and Feeding 10 
 
 Proper Shoeing 10 
 
 Prolapsus Ani 28 
 
 Puerperal Fever 51 
 
 Puffs, Wind 2, 92 
 
 Pulling, Halter 7 
 
 Pumiced Foot 97 
 
 Punctured Wounds 84 
 
 Punctured Wounds of Feet 85 
 
 Punctures, Nail 86 
 
 Puncturing to Relieve Bloat 17 
 
 Purpura Hemorrhagica iii 
 
 Pyemia iii 
 
 Q 
 
 Quarter Crack 2, 94 
 
 QuiTTOR 2, 94, 255 
 
 R 
 
 Rabies 65 
 
 Rash, Nettle 58 
 
 Reaching, Over 96 
 
 Rectum, Rupture of 28 
 
 Removing Placenta or Afterbirth .... 50 
 
 Respiratory Organs, Diseases of 35 
 
 Retention of Urine 43 
 
 Retinitis 62 
 
 Rheumatism 108 
 
 Rheumatism in Colts 109 
 
 Rickets 106 
 
 RiDGLINGS S3 
 
 Ringbone i, "jt, 91 
 
 Roaring 37 
 
 Round Worms 23 
 
 Rupture (See " Hernia.") 22 
 
 Rupture of Rectum 28 
 
 Rupture of Stomach 20 
 
 Rupture of Suspensory Ligament 97 
 
 Rupture of Womb 49 
 
 S 
 
 Saddle Breaking 3 
 
 Saddle Galls 2, 89, 255 
 
 Salivation 30 
 
 Salve, Healing 253 
 
 Sand Crack , 94 
 
 Scab 57 
 
 Scalds and Burns 59 
 
 Scratches 55, 80 
 
 Screw Worms ' 85 
 
 Seedy Toe 2 
 
 Septicemia iii 
 
 Serena, Gutta 63 
 
 Shifting Lameness ic^ 
 
 Shipping Fever 104 
 
 Shoe Boil 2, 83 
 
 Shoeing, Proper 10 
 
 Shoulder Slip 72 
 
 Shoulders, Sore 89 
 
 Shoulders, Tender 25s 
 
 Sick and Injured, Stable Management 
 
 OF II 
 
 Sick, Care of 11 
 
 Sick Horses, Food and Drinks for 14 
 
 Side-Bone i, 92 
 
 Simple Ophthalmia .- 61 
 
 SiTFASTS S8 
 
 Skin, Air Under 8s 
 
 Skin, Diseases of 2, 55 
 
 Slavering 29 
 
 Slinking of Foal 47 
 
 Slip, Shoulder 72 
 
 Snakes, Bites of 86 
 
 Sole of Foot, Bruises of 81 
 
 Soles, Convex 99 
 
 Soothing Lotion 254 
 
 Sore Back 89 
 
 Sore Eyes 61 
 
 Sore Mouth 28 
 
 Sore Shoulders 89 
 
 Sore Throat 38 
 
 Sore Throat, Malignant 39 
 
 Sores 74, 80 
 
 Soundness, Examination for 8 
 
 Spasmodic Colic 18 
 
 Spasm of Diaphragm 37 
 
 Spavin, Blood 78 
 
 Spavin, Bog 2, 78 
 
 Spavin, Bone i, 76 
 
 Spavins, Home Remedies for 77 
 
 Spaying 48 
 
 Speedy Cut .1 82 
 
 Spleen, Diseases of 1 11 
 
 Splints i, 77, 79 
 
 Sprain of Stifle Joint 81 
 
 Sprains 2, 74 
 
 Sprains of Tendons, Ligaments and 
 
 Muscles 73 
 
 Sprung Hock 82 
 
 Sprung Knees 2 
 
 Stable Drugs, Useful 246 
 
 Stable Management of Sick and In- 
 jured II 
 
 Staggers, Blind 65 
 
 Staggers, Stomach 20 
 
 Stall, Kicking in 6 
 
 Stalling, Profuse 44 
 
 Stiff Joints 92 
 
 Stifle Joint, Sprain of 81 
 
 Stifled 81 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 301 
 
 Stomach, Diseases of 15 
 
 Stomach, Gouged 22 
 
 Stomach, Inflammation of 21 
 
 Stomach, Impaction^ of 20 
 
 Stomach, Rupture of 20 
 
 Stomach Staggers ". 20 
 
 Stomatitis 28 
 
 Stone in Bladder " 46 
 
 Stone Bruises 81 
 
 Strains 74 
 
 Strangles \_] J03 
 
 Stricture of CEsophagus 30 
 
 Striking Fetlock Joints 96 
 
 Stringhalt 66 
 
 SuBotiEiNG Vicious Horses 4 
 
 Sucking Wind 7 
 
 Sunstroke , 66 
 
 Supply, Water .' 14 
 
 Surfeit 58 
 
 Suspensory Ligament, Rupture of 97 
 
 Sweeny 2, 72 
 
 Swelling After Castration S3 
 
 Swelling of Belly Before Foaling ... 51 
 
 Swellings 74 
 
 Swollen Joints 109 
 
 Synovial Membranes, Diseases of 2 
 
 Synovitis 2 
 
 System; Nervous — Diseases of 64 
 
 T 
 
 Tail, Itchjng 57 
 
 Tapeworms 23 
 
 Tapping, Chest ; m 
 
 Tapping Large Bowel 17 
 
 Tea, Hay 14 
 
 Teeth and How to Tell Age 8 
 
 Teeth, Caps on 30 
 
 Teeth, Decayed (Caries) 30 
 
 Teeth, Irregular 30 
 
 Tender Shoulders 255 
 
 Tendons, Bowed 2 
 
 Tendons, Diseases of 2 
 
 Tendons, Sprains of 73 
 
 Test, Mallein 108 
 
 Testicles, Inflammation of 52 
 
 Tetanus 64 
 
 Thoroughpin ; 2, 78, 79 
 
 Throat, Abscess in 39 
 
 Throat, Diseases of 35 
 
 Throat, Malignant Sore 39 
 
 Throat, Paralysis of 38 
 
 Throat,,Sore 38 
 
 Throat Troubles 41 
 
 Thrush 2, 95 
 
 Thumps 37, 2S4 
 
 Thyroid Gland, Enlargement of 105 
 
 Toe Cracks 2 
 
 Toe, Seedy 2 
 
 Tongue, Inflammation of 29 
 
 Tongue, Injuries to 30 
 
 Tracheotomy 39 
 
 Training Horses 3 
 
 Tricks of Horse Traders 267 
 
 «~S1 
 
 Troubles Following Castration 53 
 
 Tubes, Diseases of Bronchial 35 
 
 Tumor, Elbow 83 
 
 Tumors .■.■.■.■.■.■.'.5^ 106 
 
 1 umors. Intestinal . . : 24 
 
 U 
 
 Udder, iNFLAMkATioN of 51 
 
 Urethra, Inflammation of 52 
 
 Urinary Organs, Diseases op 43 
 
 Urine, Bloody .' 44 
 
 Urine Discharged Through Navel ... 52 
 
 Urine Duct, Inflammation of 51 
 
 Urine, Incontinence of 46 
 
 Urine, Retention of 43 
 
 Urticaria 58 
 
 Useful Stable Drugs 246 
 
 Uterus, Eversion of 49 
 
 V 
 
 Vagina, Eversion of 50 
 
 Vagina, Inflammation of 49 
 
 Vaginitis 49 
 
 Various Diseases 101 
 
 Veins, Inflammation of m 
 
 Vertigo 63 
 
 Vicious Horses, Subdueing 4 
 
 Volvulus 27 
 
 W 
 
 Wall, Cracks in 94 
 
 Warts 2, 59, 255 
 
 Wasting Away of Parts 72 
 
 Water Farcy 104 
 
 Water in Chest 41 
 
 Water Supply 14 
 
 Weakness in Legs of Foals 106 
 
 Weed 104 
 
 Whirlbone Lameness Sd 
 
 Whistling (See " Roaring.") 37 
 
 White Liniment 251 
 
 Whites ; 48 
 
 Wind, Broken 36 
 
 Wind Colic , 17 
 
 Wind Galls 2, 92 
 
 Wind Puffs 2, 92 
 
 Wind Sucking 1 7 
 
 Withers, Fistulous . : 88 
 
 Womb, Eversion of 49 
 
 Womb, Inflammation of 49 
 
 Womb, Rupture of 49 
 
 Wounds 84 
 
 Wounds, Contused 84 
 
 Wounds op Feet, Punctured 85 
 
 Wounds, Incised 84 
 
 Wounds at Joints 84 
 
 Wounds, Lacerated 84 
 
 Wounds of Lips 86 
 
 Wounds, Poisoned 84 
 
302 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Wounds, Punctured .' 84 
 
 Worm in Eye 62 
 
 Worms, Intestinal 23 
 
 Worms, Long Round 23 
 
 Worms, Pin 23 
 
 Worms, Screw 8S 
 
 Worms, Tape 23 
 
 y 
 
 Young Colts, Constipation in 2? 
 
 Young Colts, Diarrhea in 26 
 
 Yellows 3,^ 
 
 Z 
 
 Zinc Ointment 253 
 
 CATTLE. 
 
 Abortion i47 
 
 Abortion,- Contagious 147 
 
 Abscess iS7 
 
 Abscess, Cold 180 
 
 Abscess of Ear 163 
 
 Actinomycosis 170 
 
 Action of Drugs in Cattle 114 
 
 Acute Eczema iSS 
 
 Afterbirth, Retention of 141 
 
 Ailments, Kidney 138 
 
 Air in Chest i37 
 
 Air Under Skin i73 
 
 Amaurosis 162 
 
 Anemia 178 
 
 Anasarca 132 
 
 Anatomy of Cattle 112 
 
 Ani, Prolapsus 136 
 
 Anthrax 167 
 
 Apoplexy I75 
 
 Apoplexy, Parturient I44 
 
 Apoplexy, Splenic 167 
 
 Appetite, Depraved 121 
 
 Ascites , 132, 176 
 
 B 
 
 Back, Grubs in 158 
 
 Bad Blood 180 
 
 Bag, Milk 14^ 
 
 Balanced Rations 265 
 
 Balls, Hair or Binder Twine 125 
 
 Bandaging Wounds 1 73 
 
 Barrenness in Cows and Bulls 152 
 
 Belly, Dropsy of 176 
 
 Belly, Dropsy or Swelling of Before 
 
 Parturition '. 144 
 
 Belly, Tapping the 176 
 
 Binder Twine Balls 12s 
 
 Bites of Insects and Snakes 174 
 
 Black-leg 166 
 
 Black Quarter 166 
 
 Black T6ngue 129 
 
 Bladder, Diseases of 138 
 
 Bladder, Gall 113 
 
 Bladder, Inflammation of 138 
 
 Bladder of Ox or Bull, Tapping i3() 
 
 Bladder, Stone in 139 
 
 BleedinS 180, 251 
 
 Bleeding from Navel 130 
 
 Bloat 1 15 
 
 B1.0CKED Teats 150 
 
 Blood, Bad or Impure iSo 
 
 Blood Letting ■. 180 
 
 Blood Poisoning 179 
 
 Bloody Flux 123 
 
 Bloody Milk 149 
 
 Blind Staggers I75 
 
 Blindness, Moon , 161 
 
 Blister 254 
 
 Blister and Absorbent 254 
 
 Bodies in Ear, Foreign . ." 163 
 
 Bodies in Eye, Foreign 162 
 
 Bone, Diseas-es of 180 
 
 Bone, Fracture of Hip 174 
 
 Bone, Inflammation of 180 
 
 Bones, Broken 174 
 
 Bowels 113 
 
 Bowel, Falling of 126 * 
 
 Bowels, Inflammation of 124 
 
 Breathing, Suspended 151 
 
 Breathing Organs, Diseases of 133 
 
 Breeding and Feeding 261 
 
 Broken Bones 174 
 
 Bronchitis 134 
 
 Bronchitis, Filaria 134 
 
 Bronchocele , 180 
 
 Buffalo Gnat iS9 
 
 Bull, Genital Organs of iS3 
 
 Bull, How to Ring 179 
 
 Bull, Tapping Bladder of -. 139 
 
 Bulls, Barrenness in '. 1S2 
 
 Bulls, Castration of ' 153 
 
 Burns 156 
 
 CESAREAN Operation 143 
 
 Caked Udder (Garget) i4£ 
 
 Calculi 130 
 
 Calf-bed Turned Inside Out 143 
 
 Calves, Castration of 153 
 
 Calves, Constipation in 124 
 
 Calves, Indigestion in 121 
 
 Calves, Inflammation of Joints in . . . 152 
 
 Calves, Killing Horns on 180 
 
 Calves, Suspended Breathing in 151 
 
 Calves, WniTk Scours in 122 
 
 Calving, Closing of Neck of Womb at 142 
 
 Calving, Dropsy of Womb Before 144 
 
 Calving and Foaling, Difficult 140 
 
 Calving, Paralysis After 144 
 
 CALviNd. Paralysis of Hind Quarters 
 Before 144 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 303 
 
 Calving, Symptoms Just Previous to. . 140 
 
 Cancer in Eye ■ • • 161 
 
 Caps on Teeth 128 
 
 Capped Elbow 180 
 
 Caries 128 ' 
 
 Cartilage of Ear, Disease of 163 
 
 Castration of Bulls and Calves 153 
 
 Cataract 162 
 
 Catarrh 135 
 
 Catarrh, Chronic 135 
 
 Catarrh, Gastric 122 
 
 Catarrh, Malignant 135 
 
 Catarrh of Eyes i6i 
 
 Catarrhal Affections 234 
 
 Catarrhal Fever 253, 254 
 
 Catarrhal Fever, Malignant (Malig- 
 nant Catarrh) 135 
 
 Cathartic 232 
 
 Cereero-Spinal Meningitis 17s 
 
 Chapped Teats 158, 255 
 
 Cheeks 112 
 
 Chest, Air or Gas in 137 
 
 Chest, Tapping the 177 
 
 Chest, Water in 137, 176 
 
 Chills 180 
 
 Choking 131 
 
 Chronic Catarrh 135 
 
 Chronic Eczema iSS 
 
 Chronic Indigestion 120 
 
 Chorea 176 
 
 Cirrhosis 130 
 
 Cleaning 141 
 
 Closing of Neck of Womb at Calving 142 
 
 . Cold Abscess 180 
 
 " Cold in Head 13S 
 
 Colds 254 
 
 Colic .; 120 
 
 Congestion of Liver 130 
 
 Conjunctivitis 161 
 
 Constipation 123 
 
 Constipation in Calves 1 24 
 
 Consumption (See " Tuberculosis.") ... 164 
 
 Contagious Abortion I47 
 
 Contagious Diseases 164 
 
 Contagious Eczema 163 
 
 Contagious Ophthalmia 161 
 
 Contagious Pleura-Pneumonia 168 
 
 Cord, Inflammation of Spinal 176 
 
 Cornstalk Disease 123 
 
 Cough 251, 232 
 
 Cow- Pox 167 
 
 Cow, Genital Organs of 140 
 
 Cows, Barrenness in 132 
 
 Cows, Gestation in 140 
 
 Cracked Teats 138, 232 
 
 Cud, Losing 122 
 
 Cystitis 138 
 
 D 
 
 Decayed Teeth 128 
 
 Dehorning 180 
 
 Depraved Appeti 121 
 
 Diabetes Insipid ; 138 
 
 Diaphragmatic Hernia '. 128 
 
 Diarrhea 119, 122 
 
 Difficult Calving and Foaling 140 
 
 DIGESTIVE ORGANS 112 
 
 Cheeks 112 
 
 Intestin 3s or Bowels 113 
 
 Liver a id Gall Bladder 113 
 
 Pancreas 113 
 
 Pharynx and Gullet 112 
 
 Salivary Glands 112 
 
 Soft Palate 112 
 
 Spleen 113 
 
 Stomach 113 
 
 Teeth ^ 112 
 
 Tongue 1 12 
 
 Upper Lit 112 
 
 Digestive Organs, Diseases of 116 
 
 Dilation of (Ksophagus 132 
 
 Disease, Corns calk *. . . 123 
 
 Disease, Fluke 131 
 
 Disease, Foot and Mouth 163 
 
 Disease, General Symptoms of 114 
 
 Disease, Loco 132 
 
 Disease of Cartilage of Ear 163 
 
 ' Disease of Spleen 176 
 
 Diseases, Contagious 164 
 
 Diseases of Bone .. . ; 180 
 
 Disease of Digestive Organs 116 
 
 Diseases of Eye and Ear 161 
 
 Diseases of Generative Organs 140 
 
 Diseases of Kidneys and Bladder 138 
 
 Diseases of Respiratobjy or Breathing 
 
 Organs 133 
 
 Diseases of Skin ' 135 
 
 Diseases of Urinary Organs 138 
 
 Diseases, Various 170 
 
 Dislocation of Eyeball 162 
 
 Dislocation of Stifle 172 
 
 Dropsy 132 
 
 Dropsy of Belly 176 
 
 Dropsy of Belly Before Parturition . . 144 
 
 Dropsy of Lungs 137 
 
 Dropsy of Womb Before Calving 144 
 
 Drugs, Action of 114 
 
 Drugs, Useful Stable , 246 
 
 Drying Powder 234, 255 
 
 Dysentery 123 
 
 E 
 
 Ear, Abscess of 163 
 
 Ear, Disease of Cartilage of 163 
 
 Ear, Diseases of 161, 
 
 Ear, Foreign Bodies in 163 
 
 Ear, Inflammation of Internal 162 
 
 Ear, Injuries to 174 
 
 Ears, Lacerated 163 
 
 Eczema. Acute and Chronic 133 
 
 Eczema, Contagious 163 
 
 Elbow, Capped 180 
 
 Elbow Tumor 180 
 
 Ei*i.argement of Thyroid Gland 180 
 
 Enteritis 124 
 
 Enuresis i39 
 
304 
 
 THE PSQfLB'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Epilepsy < 176 
 
 Epizootic i6g 
 
 Erysipelas 156 
 
 EvERSioN OF Vagina i43 
 
 EvERsioN OF Womb i43 
 
 Exhaustion, Heat I7S 
 
 Exostosis of Jaw 171 
 
 Eye, Cancer in 161 
 
 Eye,. Diseases of 161 
 
 Eye, Foreign Bodies in 162 
 
 Eye, Glass 162 
 
 Eye, Injuries to I74 
 
 Eye Lotion 252, 253 
 
 Eye, Worm in 161 
 
 Eyeball, Dislocation of 162 
 
 Eyelids, Injuries to 162 
 
 Eyes, Catarrh of 161 
 
 Eyes, Inflamed 161 
 
 Eyes, Inflammation of 161 
 
 Eyes, Sore 161 
 
 F 
 
 Falling Fits I7S 
 
 Falling of Bowel i 126 
 
 Feeding and Breeding 261 
 
 Feeding Standards 263 
 
 Fever, Catarrhal 253, 254 
 
 Fever, Lung '. 133 
 
 Fever, Malignant Catarrhal (Malig- 
 nant Catarrh) 13S 
 
 Fever, Milk 144 
 
 Fever, Puerperal 146 
 
 FfiVER, Southern 168 
 
 Fever, Spanish 168 
 
 Fever, Splenic 168 
 
 Fever, Texas 168 
 
 Fever, Tick 168 
 
 Fifty Modien Pebscriptibns . ; 2gi 
 
 Filaeia Bronchitis 134 
 
 Fits 176 
 
 Fits, Falling 17S 
 
 Flesh, Foul - 173 
 
 Flies, To keep off Stock 160 
 
 Flooding 142 
 
 Fluke Disease ; . . . . 131 
 
 Flux, Bloody 123 
 
 Fly, Horn iS9 
 
 Food, Stock 256, 257 
 
 Foot and Mouth Disease 165 
 
 Foot-Evil (See " Foot-Rot.") 171 
 
 Foot, Foul in 171 
 
 Foot-Rot ; 171 
 
 Foot Soreness 172 
 
 Foffion Bodies in Ear 163 
 
 Foreign Bodies in Eye 162 
 
 Foot, Flksh 173 
 
 Foul in Foot 171 
 
 Founder 172 
 
 Fourth Part of Stomach, Inflamma- 
 tion OF 119 
 
 Fractures 174 
 
 Fracture of Hip Bone 174 
 
 Frostbites IS7 
 
 Fungus H;ematodes 161 
 
 G 
 
 Gall Bladder ^ 113 
 
 Garget 148 
 
 Gas in Chest 137 
 
 Gastric Catarrh 122 
 
 General Symptoms of Disease 114 
 
 Generative Organs, Diseases of 140 
 
 GENITAL ORGANS OF BULL 153 
 
 Penis IS3 
 
 Testicles 153 
 
 GENITAL ORGANS OF COW 140 
 
 Ovaries 140 
 
 Udder or Milk Bag 140 
 
 Womb, Vagina, Etc 140 
 
 Gestation in Cows 140 
 
 Giving Medicine to Cattle 115 
 
 Gland, Mammary 140 
 
 Gland, Thyroid— Enlargement of 180 
 
 Glands, Salivary 112 
 
 Glass Eye , 162 
 
 Gleet, Nasal 13s, 2S4 
 
 Glossitis 129 
 
 Goitre , 180 
 
 Gonorrhea 154 
 
 Gnat, Buffalo 159 
 
 Gravel 139 
 
 Grubs in Back 158 
 
 Gullet I12 
 
 Gutta Serena 162 » 
 
 H 
 
 H^MATODES, Fungus 161 
 
 HvEMATURIA 138 
 
 Hair Balls 125 
 
 Hardening of Liver 130 
 
 Haw, Inflammation of 161 
 
 Head, Cold in 135 
 
 HealinI Lotion .251, 252, 253 
 
 Hbaliws Salve , 253 
 
 Heat Exhausiwji 175 
 
 Hemorrhage, Utjsrine 142 
 
 Hemorrhagica, Purpura 179 
 
 Hepatitis ; 130 
 
 Hernia ., , 126 
 
 Hernia, Diaphragmatic 128 
 
 Hernia, Inguinal 127 
 
 Hernia, Mesenteric and Omental 128 
 
 Hernia, Scrotal , 127 
 
 Hernia, Umbilical 127 
 
 Hernia, Vaginal 128 
 
 Hernia, Ventral ... 1 126 
 
 Hidf.-bound 156 
 
 Hind Quarters, Paralysis of Before 
 
 Calving 144 , 
 
 Hip Bone, Fracture of 174 
 
 Hip Joint Lameness . . '. 174 
 
 Hipped , 174 
 
 Hoof Ointment 251, 252 
 
 Hoof, Loss of 172 
 
 Hoose 134 
 
 Hollow Horn 177 
 
 Horn Fly 159 
 
 Horns on Calves, KillincS 180 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 305 
 
 HOVEN Il6 
 
 How TO Ring a Bull 179 
 
 Husk 134 
 
 Hydrophobia i;;5 
 
 Hydrothorax 137, 176 
 
 I 
 III, Joint 152 
 
 Impaction of Manyplies or Omasum.. 118 
 
 Impaction of Paunch eg Rumen 117 
 
 Impure Blood 180 
 
 Incontinence of Urine 139 
 
 Indigestion, Chronic 120 
 
 Indigestion in Young Calves 121 
 
 Indigestion, Sub- acute 120 
 
 Infectious Scours 123 
 
 Inflamed Eyes 161 
 
 Inflammation of Bladder 138 
 
 Inflammation of Bone 180 
 
 Inflammation of Bowels 124 
 
 Inflammation of Eyes 161 
 
 Inflammation of Fourth Part of 
 
 Stomach iig 
 
 Inflammation of Haw 161 
 
 Inflammation of Internal Ear 162 
 
 Inflammation of Joints in Calves . . . . 152 
 
 Inflammation of Kidneys 138 
 
 Inflammation of Liver 130 
 
 Inflammation of Lungs 133 
 
 Inflammation of Membrana Nictitans 161 
 Inflammation of Navel Urine Duct. . 151 
 
 Inflammation of Spinal Cord 176 
 
 Inflammation op Testicles 153 
 
 Inflam mation of Tongue 129 
 
 Inflammation of Udder , 148 
 
 Inflammation of Urethra 154 
 
 Inflammation of Vagina 146 
 
 Inflammation of Veiws 179 
 
 IWPLA M MATION of W«MB 14fl 
 
 "Inflammations 180 
 
 Influenza ^ 169 
 
 Inguinal Hernia 137 
 
 Injuries to Ear 174 
 
 Injuries to Eye 174 
 
 Injuries to Eyelids 162 
 
 Injuries to Sheath and Penis 154 
 
 Injuries to Tonbue 129 
 
 Insects, Bites of , I74 
 
 Insipidus, Diabetes i.^S 
 
 Internal Ear, Inflammation of 162 
 
 Intestines -. 113 ' 
 
 Intestinal Tumors 126 
 
 Intussusception 126 
 
 Iritis '• ■ • 161 
 
 Irregut-ar Teeth 128 
 
 Itch < iSS 
 
 J 
 
 Jaundice 130 
 
 Jaw, Exostosis of 171 
 
 Jaw, Locked 176 
 
 Jaw, Lump 170 
 
 Jaw, Lumps on , 171 
 
 Joint Lameness, Hip 174 
 
 Joint, Open 180 
 
 Joint-Ill 152 
 
 Joints in Calves, Inflammation of . . . 152 
 
 Joint, Sprain of Stifle , 172 
 
 K 
 
 Kidney Ailments 138 
 
 Kidneys, Diseases of 138 
 
 Kidneys, Inflammation 01; 138 
 
 Killing Horns on Calves '. 180 
 
 L 
 
 Lacerated Ears 163 
 
 LaGrippe i6g 
 
 Lameness, Hip Joint 174 
 
 Laminitis 172 
 
 Laryngitis 136 
 
 Leg, Black 166 
 
 Leucorrhea 147, 255 
 
 Lice 158, 251 
 
 Liniment, Mild Stable 251 
 
 Liniment, White 251 
 
 Lip, Upper 112 
 
 Lips, Wounds of 174 
 
 Liver 113 
 
 Liver, Congestion of 130 
 
 Liver, Hardening of 130 
 
 Liver, Inflammation of 130 
 
 Liver, Worm in 131 
 
 Lockjaw 176 
 
 Loco Disease : 132 
 
 Losing Cud 122 
 
 Loss of Hoof i 172 
 
 Lotion, CooLine As-TsiTrnmr 253 
 
 Lotion, Eve .., j|b, 253 
 
 L»TiflN, HiiiijsiaM ....,, ad, a#e, 253 
 
 Lvnox, Smtmmmi ...>., , . . 254 
 
 Lump Jaw .^.,.,^^ 170 
 
 LuMFS ear Ji««( 171 
 
 LuNs Tvwmt ,.. 133 
 
 Lungs, D»ww x 137 
 
 Lungs, Iwm,a!mmation of 133 
 
 M ( 
 
 Maggots in Wounds 173 
 
 Malignant Sore Throat 136 
 
 Malignant Catarrhal Fever (Malig- 
 nant Catarrh) 135 
 
 Malignant Catarrh 135 
 
 Malpresentation 140 
 
 Mammary Gland 140 
 
 Mammitis , 148 
 
 Mange 155 
 
 Manyplies, Impaction of 11? 
 
 ^'^AWB0UND 118 
 
 Meconium, Retention of 124 
 
 Medicine, Giving to Cattle 115 
 
 IVfEMKRANA NlCTITANS— INFLAMMATION OF l6l 
 
 IVTeningitis, Cerebro-'Spinal 171^ 
 
 Mesenteric Hernia la^ 
 
306 
 
 tHE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Metritis 146 
 
 Milk Bag 140 
 
 Milk, Bloody 149 
 
 Milk Fever 144 
 
 Milk, Stringy i49 
 
 Milk Tube, Passing 150 
 
 Modern Prescriftions 251 
 
 Mouth and Foot Disease 165 , 
 
 Mouth, Sore 129 
 
 Moon Blindness 161 
 
 Myelitis 176 
 
 N 
 
 Nasal Gleet 135, 254 
 
 Nasal Polypus 137 
 
 Navel, Bleeding from 150 
 
 Navel Rupture 127 
 
 Navel, Urine Discharged Through... 151 
 
 Navel Urine Duct, Inflammation of.. 151 
 
 Neck of Womb, Closing of at Calving 142 
 
 Nettle Rash 156 
 
 Nephritis 138 
 
 Nymphomania 148 
 
 O 
 
 Oisophagus, Dilation of 132 
 
 CEsophagus, Stricture of 132 
 
 Off-Feed 120 
 
 Ointment, Hoof 251, 252 
 
 Ointment, Zinc 253 
 
 Omasum, Impaction of 118 
 
 Omental Hernia .- 128 
 
 Open Joint 180 
 
 Operation, CiESAKEAN 143 
 
 Ophthalmia 161 
 
 Ophthalmia, Contagious 161 
 
 Ophthalmia, Periodic 161 
 
 Orchitis 133 
 
 Organs, Digestive 1 12 
 
 Organs, Digestive — ^Diseases of 116 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Generative 140 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Respiratory or 
 
 Breathing 133 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Urinary 138 
 
 Organs of Bull, Genital 153 
 
 Organs of Cow, Genital 140 
 
 Organs, Respiratory , 113 
 
 Organs, Urinary ;^ 113 
 
 Ostitis '. ." 180 
 
 Otitis 162 
 
 Ovaries 140 
 
 Ox, Tapping Bladder of 139 
 
 P 
 
 Palate, Soft 112 
 
 Pancreas 113 
 
 Paralysis 176 
 
 Paralysis After Calving 144 
 
 Paralysis of Hind Quarters Before 
 
 Calving 144 
 
 Parturient Apoplexy 144 
 
 Parturition, Dropsy or Swelling of 
 
 Belly Before 144 
 
 Parturition, Symptoms Just Previous 
 
 TO 140 
 
 Passing Milking Tube 150 
 
 Paunch, Impaction of 117 
 
 Paunch, Tapping 117 
 
 Penis, Injuries to 154 
 
 Pericarditis 178 
 
 Periodic Ophthalmia 161 
 
 Peritonitis 125 
 
 Pharynx 112 
 
 Phlebitis -. 179 
 
 Pink Eye 169 
 
 Pin Worms 253 
 
 Placenta,' Retention of 141 
 
 Plethora 178 
 
 Pleura- Pneumonia, Contagious 168 
 
 Pleurisy 134 
 
 Pneumonia 133 
 
 Pneumothorax 137 
 
 Poisoning, Blood ■. 179 
 
 Polypus, Nasal 137 
 
 Pregnancy and How to Tell It 140 
 
 Prescriptions, Fifty Modern 251 
 
 Profuse Urination 138 
 
 Prolapsus Ani 126 
 
 Puerperal Fever 146 
 
 Pulse 113 
 
 Purpura Hemorrhagica 179 
 
 Py/Emia 179 
 
 Q 
 
 Quarter, Black 166 
 
 R 
 
 Rabies 175 
 
 Rash, Nettle 156 
 
 Rations, Balanced 265 
 
 Rectum, Rupture of 126 
 
 Red Water 138 
 
 Remastication 122 
 
 Respiration 1 14 
 
 Respiratory Organs 113 
 
 Respiratory Organs, Diseases of 133 
 
 Retention of Meconium 124 
 
 Retention of Placenta or Afterbirth 141 
 
 Retinitis 161 
 
 Rheumatism 177 
 
 Rickets 180 
 
 Ridgling Bulls or Rigs 153 
 
 Ring a Bull, How to 179 
 
 Ringworm 156 
 
 Rot, Foot 171 
 
 Rumen, Impaction of 117 
 
 Rumen, Tapping 117 
 
 Rumenotomy 118 
 
 Rupture 126 
 
 Rupture, Navel ; 127 
 
 Rupture of Rectum 126 
 
 Rupture of Stomach 119 
 
 Rupture of Womb 143 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 307 
 
 S 
 
 Salivary Glands 112 
 
 Salve, Healing 253 
 
 Scab I55 
 
 Scalds 156 
 
 Scours 119 
 
 Scours in Calves, White 122 
 
 Scours, Infectious 123 
 
 Screw Worms in Wounds ...'., 173 
 
 Scrotal Hernia 127 
 
 Septicemia ' 179 
 
 Serena, Gutta 16? 
 
 Sheath, Injuries to 154 
 
 Skin, Aik Under 173 
 
 Skin, Diseases of IS5 
 
 Slavering 130 
 
 Snakes, Bites of 174 
 
 Soft Palate 112 
 
 SooTHiNd Lotion 254 
 
 Sore Eyes 161 
 
 Sore Mouth 129 
 
 Sore Teats 158 
 
 Sore Throat 136 
 
 Sore Throat, Malignant 136 
 
 Soreness, Foot ^.. 172 
 
 Sores i73 
 
 Southern Fever ' 168 
 
 Spanish Fever 168 
 
 Spavin 372 
 
 Spaying 152 
 
 Spinal Cord, Inflammation of 176 
 
 Spleen 113, 
 
 Spleen, Diseases of 176 
 
 Splenic Apoplexy 167 
 
 Splenic Fever 168 
 
 Sprain of Stifle Joint 172 
 
 Sprains i73 
 
 Stable Drugs, Useful 246 
 
 Stable Liniment, Mild 231 
 
 Staggers, Blind i75 
 
 Standards, Feeding 263 
 
 Stifle, Dislocation of 172 
 
 Stifle Joint, Sprain of .' 172 
 
 Stitching Wounds i73 
 
 Stock Food 256, 257 
 
 Stock Tonic „ 256 
 
 Stomach ii3 
 
 Stomach, Inflammation of Fourth 
 
 Part of "9 
 
 Stomach, Rupture of 119 
 
 Stomatitis 129 
 
 Stone in Bladder '39 
 
 Stricture of CEsophagus 132 
 
 Stricture of Teats 'So 
 
 Stringy Milk '49 
 
 Sub-acute Indigestion 120 
 
 Sunstroke ^75 
 
 Surfeit ^So 
 
 Suspended Breathing in Calves iSi 
 
 Swelling of Belly Before Parturition 144 
 
 Symptoms ofDisease, General 114 
 
 Symptoms Just Previous to Parturition 
 
 OR Calving '40 
 
 T 
 
 Tail, Wolf in 177 
 
 Tapping the Belly 176 
 
 Tapping Bladder of Ox or Bull 139 
 
 Tapping the Chest 177 
 
 Tapping the Paunch or Rumen 117 
 
 Teats, Blocked 130 
 
 Teats, Chapped .- 158, 233 
 
 Teats, Cracked 158, 232 
 
 Teats, Small Warts on 138 
 
 Teats, Sore 138 
 
 Teats, Stricture of 130 
 
 Teeth , ns 
 
 Teeth, Caps on, 128 
 
 Teeth, Decayed 128 
 
 Teeth, Irregular 128 
 
 Temperature 114 
 
 Test, Tuberculin 165 
 
 Testicles, Inflammation of 133 • 
 
 Tetanus 176 
 
 Texas Fever i08 
 
 Throat, Malignant Sore 136 
 
 Throat, Sore 136 
 
 Thyroid Gland, Enlargement of 180 
 
 Tick Fever 168 
 
 Tongue 112 
 
 Tongue, Black 129 
 
 Tongue, Inflammation of 129 
 
 Tongue, Injuries to 129 
 
 Tonic, Stock 236 
 
 Tracheotomy 137 
 
 Tube, Milking j 130 
 
 Tuberculin Test 163 
 
 Tuberculosis . ., 164 
 
 Tumor, Elbow 180 
 
 Tumors iS7. 180 
 
 Xumors, Intestinal 126 
 
 Tympanites ^ 116 
 
 U 
 
 Udder 140 
 
 Udder, Caked (Garget) 148 
 
 Udder, Inflammation of 148 
 
 Umbilical Hernia 127 
 
 Upper Lip 1 12 
 
 XJ-RMUIA 139 
 
 Urethra, Inflammation of 134 
 
 Urinary Organs 113 
 
 Urinary Organs, Diseases of 138 
 
 Urination, Profuse 138 
 
 Urine Discharged Through Navel ... 131 
 Urine Duct. Inflammation of Navel.. 131 
 
 Urine, Incontinence of 139 
 
 Urticaria 136 
 
 Useful Stable Drugs 246 
 
 Uterine Hemorrhage . . < 142 
 
 V 
 
 Vagin.a. 140 
 
 Vagina, Etorsion of 143 
 
 Vagina, Inflammation of 146 
 
 Vaginal Hernia 128 
 
308 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 Vaginitis 146 
 
 Vaeiola Vaccina 167 
 
 Various Diseases 170 
 
 Veins, Inflammation of 179 
 
 Ventral Hernia 126 
 
 Vertigo , 175 
 
 Vomiting 130 
 
 W 
 
 Warbles 158 
 
 Warts ,IS7. 255 
 
 Warts on Teats 158 
 
 Water in Chest 137, 176 
 
 Water, Red 138 
 
 White Liniment , 251 
 
 White Scours in Calves 122 
 
 Whites : 147 
 
 Wolf in Tail '. 177 
 
 Womb 140 
 
 Womb, Closing of Neck at Calving 142 
 
 Womb, Dropsy of Before Calving 144 
 
 avomb, eversion of i43 
 
 Womb, Inflammation of 146 
 
 Womb, Rupture of 143 
 
 Womb Turned Inside Out 143 
 
 Worm in Eye i6l 
 
 Worm in Liver 131 
 
 Worms '. 126 
 
 Worms, Pin 253 
 
 Worms, Screw 173 
 
 Wounds 173 
 
 Wounds, Bandaging and Stitching . . . 173 
 
 Wounds of Lips 174 
 
 Wounds^ Maggots in 173 
 
 Wounds, Screw Worms in 173 
 
 y 
 
 Yellows 130 
 
 Young Calves, Indigestion in 121 
 
 Z 
 
 Zinc Ointment 253 
 
 SHEEP. 
 
 Appetite, Loss of 184 
 
 Docking 196 
 
 Drugs, Useful Stable 246 
 
 Dysentery .' 182 
 
 Bloating i8i 
 
 Bones, Broken 196 
 
 Bowels, Inflammation of 182 
 
 Breathing Organs, Diseases of 187 
 
 Breeding and Feeding 261 
 
 Broken Bones 196 
 
 Bronchitis 188 
 
 Bronchitis, Filaria 188 
 
 Castrating Lambs '. igi 
 
 Castrating Rams 192 
 
 Catarrh 187 
 
 Choking i8s 
 
 Cholera, Lamb 181 
 
 Cleaning , 191 
 
 Cold in Head 187 
 
 Colic 181 
 
 Constipation 183 
 
 Diarrhea in Lambs 182 
 
 Difficult Lambing 190 
 
 Digestive Organs, Diseases, of 181 
 
 Disease, Fluke ". 184 
 
 Disease Nodular 185 
 
 Diseased Teeth 184 
 
 Diseases of Digestive Organs 181 
 
 biSEASES of Generative Organs 190 
 
 Diseases of Respiratory or Breathing 
 
 Organ? 187 
 
 Diseases, Various 193 
 
 Distemper 187 
 
 E 
 
 Enteritis 182 
 
 Eversion of Womb igi 
 
 Eyes, Inflamed 195 
 
 Feeding and Breeding 261 
 
 Feet, Swollen 196 
 
 Fifty Modern Prescriptions 251 
 
 Filaria Bronchitis 188 
 
 Fluke Disease 184 
 
 Fluke Worms 184 
 
 Foot-Rot 193 
 
 Founder 196 
 
 Fractures 196 
 
 G 
 
 Garget 190 
 
 Generative Organs, Diseases of 190 
 
 Grubs in Head 194 
 
 H 
 
 Head, Cold in : 187 
 
 Head, Grubs in ; . 194 
 
 Hoven 181 
 
 Hydrophobia 197 
 
 III, Louping 195 
 
 Impaction of Rumen 182 
 
 Inflamed Eyes 195 
 
 Inflammation OF Bowels 182 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 309 
 
 Inflammation op Testicles 191 
 
 Inflammation of Udder 190 
 
 J 
 
 Jaw, Locked 197 
 
 L 
 
 Lamb Cholera 181 
 
 Lambing 190 
 
 Lambing, Difficult 190 
 
 Lambs, Castrating 191 
 
 Lambs, Constipation in 183 
 
 Lambs, Diaesrhea in 182 
 
 Livee-Rot 184 
 
 Lockjaw 197 
 
 Loss OF Appetite 184 
 
 LoupiNG III , 195 
 
 M 
 
 Maggots in Wounds 196 
 
 Mammitis 190 
 
 Modern Prescriptions, Fifty 231 
 
 Mouth, Sore 187 
 
 , N 
 
 Nodular Disease 185 
 
 O 
 
 Ophthalmia 195 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Digestive 181 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Generative 190 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Respiratory or 
 
 Breathing 187 
 
 P 
 
 Placenta Not Coming Away 191 
 
 Pneumonia 189 
 
 Prescriptions, Fifty Modern 251 
 
 R 
 
 R.«ies 197 
 
 Rams, Castratin(S 192 
 
 Respiratory Organs, Diseases of 187 
 
 Rot, Foot 193 
 
 Rumen, Impaction op 182 
 
 S 
 
 Scab jgg 
 
 Shedding Temporary Teeth 184 
 
 Shedding Wool ig6 
 
 Sore Mouth 187 
 
 Sore Throat 187 
 
 Stable Drugs, Useful 246 
 
 Staggers 184 
 
 Stomach Worms 183 
 
 Stretches 181 
 
 Swollen Feet .^ 196 
 
 T 
 
 Tapeworms 184 
 
 Teeth, Diseased , . 184 
 
 Teeth, Shedding Temporary 184 
 
 Temporary Teeth, Shedding 184 
 
 Testicles, Inflammation of 191 
 
 Tetanus ' 197 
 
 Throat, Sore '. 187 
 
 Ticks 194 
 
 Tympanites 181 
 
 Udder, Inflammation of 190 
 
 Useful Stable Drugs 246 
 
 V 
 
 Various Diseases 193 
 
 W 
 
 Womb, Eversion of 191 
 
 Wool-Shedding 196 
 
 Worms, Fluke 184 
 
 Worms, Stomach 183 
 
 WouNps, Maggots in 196 
 
 HOGS. 
 
 Acute Indigestion i99 
 
 Age, How to Teh. 222 
 
 Amaurosis 220 
 
 Ani, Prolapsus 204 
 
 Anthrax, Gloss 205 
 
 Aphtha, Sporadic 205 
 
 Apoplexy 221 
 
 Apoplexy, Pulmonary 209 
 
 Apoplexy of Lungs 209 
 
 Appetite, Morbid •. I99 
 
 B 
 
 Back, Weak ., 
 Black Teeth . 
 Bleeding from 
 
 Stomach 
 
 203 
 
 205 
 
 200 
 
 Blind Staggers 221 
 
 Bowel, Falling op 204 
 
 Bowels, Inflammation of ; 199 
 
 Bowels, Obstruction of 202 
 
 Brain, Inflammation of 220 
 
 Breathing Organs, Diseases of .... 209 
 
 Breeding and Feeding 261 
 
 Bronchial Tubes, Inflammation of. . . 209 
 Bronchitis 209 
 
 Cancer of Tail 213 
 
 Care, Feeding and Raising 223 
 
 Castration 218 
 
 Catarrh, Chronic Nasal 212 
 
 Catarrh, Malignant 212 
 
310 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 CATAKRHy Nasal 211 
 
 Choking 205 
 
 Cholera, Hog 206 
 
 Cholera, How to Prevent by Vaccina- 
 tion 207 
 
 Cholera, Preventing the Spreading of. 207 
 
 Chorea 222 
 
 Chronic Indigestion i99 
 
 Chronic Laryngitis 2ii 
 
 Chronic Nasal Catarrh 212 
 
 Colds 211 
 
 Colic 200 
 
 Congestion of Lungs 209 
 
 Constipation 201 
 
 Coughs 211 
 
 D 
 
 Diarrhea , 200 
 
 Dysentery 201 
 
 E 
 
 Ears, Sores Back of 213 
 
 Eating Pigs 217 
 
 Enteritis 199 
 
 ^Epilepsy 221 
 
 Erysipelas 215 
 
 Eversion of Womb 217 
 
 Eyeball, Diseases of 220 
 
 F 
 
 Falling of Bowel 204 
 
 Farrowing , 217 
 
 Feeding , 223 
 
 Feeding and Breeding 261 
 
 Feet, Sore 219 
 
 Fever, Lung 209 
 
 Fever, Scarlet , 213 
 
 Fifty Modern Prescriptions 251 
 
 Fits in Pigs 203 
 
 Founder 219 
 
 G 
 
 Gastritis 198 
 
 Generative Organs, Diseases of 217 
 
 Gleet, Nasal 212 
 
 Gloss Anthrax 205 
 
 Gum Mouth 205 
 
 K 
 
 Health, Keeping Hogs in 222 
 
 Heart, Palpitation of '..... 219 
 
 Hemorrhoids 204 
 
 Hernia, Scrotal 204 
 
 Hernia, Umbilical 203 
 
 Hog Cholera 206 
 
 How to Prevent Cholera and Plague 
 
 by Vaccination 207 
 
 How to Tell the Age of a Pig ... 222 
 
 I 
 
 Indigestion 198 
 
 Indigestion, Acute 199 
 
 Indigestion, Chronic igp 
 
 Inflamed Udder 218 
 
 Inflammation of Bowels 199 
 
 Inflammation of Brain and Mem- 
 branes 220 
 
 Inflammation of Bronchial Tubes . . . 209 
 
 Inflammation of Lungs 209 
 
 Inflammation of Nostrils : 211 
 
 Inflam mation of Peritoneum 203 
 
 Inflammation of Pleura , . 210 
 
 Inflammation of Stomach 198 
 
 Inflammation of Tonsils 210 
 
 Inflammation of Womb 218 
 
 Internal Parasites 202 
 
 J 
 
 Jaundice 205 
 
 K 
 
 Keeping Hogs in Health 222 
 
 Kidney Worms 203 
 
 L 
 
 Lameness 202 
 
 Laryngitis 210 
 
 Laryngitis, Chronic 21 1 
 
 Lice 216 
 
 Lichen , 214 
 
 Liver Disease 205 
 
 Lung Fever 209 
 
 Lungs, Apoplexy of 209 
 
 Lungs, Congestion of 209 
 
 Lungs, Inflammation of 209 
 
 M 
 
 Malignant Catarrh 212 
 
 Mange •■ 214 
 
 Measles .., . . 214 
 
 Membranes of Brain, Inflammation of 220 
 
 Meningitis ■ 220 
 
 Modern Prescriptions 251 
 
 Morbid Appetite , 199 
 
 Mouth, Gum , 205 
 
 N 
 
 Nasal Catarrh 211 
 
 Nasal Catarrh, Chronic 212 
 
 Nasal Gleet 212 
 
 Nettle Rash 213 
 
 Nostrils, Inflammation «» 211 
 
 O 
 
 Obstruction op Bowels 202 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Digestive 198 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Generative 217 
 
 Organs, Diseases of Respiratory ok 
 
 Breathing 209 
 
 Ozena 212 
 
 P 
 
 Palpitation of Heart 219 
 
 Paralysis 222 
 
 Paralysis of Retina 220 
 
 Parasites, Internal 202 
 
 Peritoneum, Inflammation of 203 
 
 Peritonitis 203 
 
 Pharyngitis 210 
 
 Phrenitis 220 
 
 Pig, How to Tell Age of 222 
 
 Pig, Stomach of 15S 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 511 
 
 Pigging 
 
 Pigs, Eating of 
 
 Pigs, Fits in 
 
 Pigs, Scotms in 
 
 Piles \ 
 
 Plague, Swine 
 
 Pleura, Inflammation of 
 
 Pleurisy 
 
 Pneumonia 
 
 Prescriptions, Fifty Modern 
 
 Preventing the Spreading of Cholera 
 
 AND Plague 
 
 Prolapsus Ani 
 
 Prurigo 
 
 Pulmonary Apoplexy 
 
 217 
 217 
 203 
 201 
 204 
 206 
 210 
 210 
 209 
 251 
 
 207 
 204 
 213 
 209 
 
 Quinsy 210 
 
 Raising Hogs 223 
 
 Rash, Nettle 213 
 
 Rectum, Stricture of 204 
 
 Respiratory Organs, Diseases of 2ag 
 
 Retina, Paralysis of 220 
 
 Rheumatism 2ig 
 
 Ringworm 215 
 
 Rupture (Hernia) 203, 204 
 
 ScAkLET Fever 215 
 
 Scours in Pigs 201 
 
 Scrotal Hernia 204 
 
 Scurf 214 
 
 Skin, Diseases of 213 
 
 Snuffles 211 
 
 Sore Feet 219 
 
 Sore Throat 210 
 
 Sores Back of Ears 213 
 
 Sporadic Aphtha 20S 
 
 Stable Drugs, Useful 246 
 
 Staggers, Blind 221 
 
 Stomach, Bleeding from 200 
 
 Stomach, Inflammation ot 198 
 
 Stomach of Pig 198 
 
 Stricture of Rectum 204 
 
 Stunted 199 
 
 Surfeit 213 
 
 Swine Plague 206 
 
 Swine Plague, How to Prevent by 
 
 Vaccination 207 
 
 Swine Plague, Preventing Spreading 
 
 of 207 
 
 T 
 
 Tail, Cancer of 213 
 
 Teeth, Black 205 
 
 Throat, Sore : 210 
 
 Thumps 219 
 
 Tonsils, Inflammation of 210 
 
 Tubes, Bronchial — Inflammation of.. 209 
 
 U 
 
 Udder, Inflamed 218 
 
 Umbilical Hernia ; 203 
 
 Urticasi.4 213 
 
 Useful Stable Drugs 246 
 
 V 
 
 Vaccination to Prevent Cholera and 
 
 Plague 207 
 
 Various Diseases 219 
 
 Vomiting 200 
 
 W 
 
 Warts 215 
 
 Weak Back 203 
 
 Womb, Inflammation of 218 
 
 Womb, Eversion of 217 
 
 Worms 202 
 
 Worms, Kidney 203 
 
 Wounds 220 
 
 Y 
 
 Yellows 205 
 
 Young PigB, Fits in 203 
 
 Apoplexy 
 
 POULTRY. 
 
 , Contagious Bowel and Liver Disease.. 231 
 228 Crop-bound 227 
 
 B 
 
 Black Head 231 
 
 Bowel and Liver Disease, Contagious. . 231 
 
 Bowel Disease, Parasitic 231 
 
 Bronchitis 226 
 
 Diarrhea 230 
 
 Diarrhea, White- 232 
 
 Diphtheria 226 
 
 Disease, Parasitic Bowel 231. 
 
 Canker 
 
 Caponizino 
 
 Catarrh 
 
 Chicken Cholera 
 
 Chickens, How to Make Money on 
 Cholera, Chicken 
 
 . 227 
 . 233 
 . 226 
 . 230 
 ..234 
 . 230 
 
 E 
 
 Eating Eggs 232 
 
 Eating Feathers 232 
 
 EoG Eating 232 
 
 Egg Passage, Inflammation of 227 
 
 Epizootic 227 
 
313 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 F P 
 
 Fifty Modern Prescriptions 251 Parasitic Bowel Disease 231 
 
 Feathers, Pulling and Eating 232 Pip 224 
 
 Food, Poultry 256 Poultry Food 256 
 
 Poultry Tonic 232,-256 
 
 Q Poultry Secrets, Valuable 233 
 
 Prescriptions, Fifty Modern 251 
 
 Pulling and Eating Feathers 232 
 
 Gapes 
 
 225 
 
 H 
 
 Head, Black 231 
 
 How to Make Money on Chickens 234 
 
 Rheumatism 22B 
 
 Roup 224, 255 
 
 Inflammation of Egg Passage 227 _ . ^ 
 
 Scaly Legs 228 
 
 j^ Secrets, Valuable Poultry 233 
 
 Leg Weakness 229 Sprouted Oats 233 
 
 Legs, Scaly 228 _ 
 
 Liver and Bowel Disease, Contagious . 231 Tonic, Poultry 232, 256 
 
 M 
 
 Modern Prescriptions, Fifty 251 
 
 Money, How to Make on Chickens . . 234 
 
 Oats, Sprouted 233 
 
 Valuable Poultry Secrets 233 
 
 W 
 
 Weakness, Leg 229 
 
 White Diarrhea 232 
 
 Worms 229 
 
 HOUSEHOLD PETS. 
 
 DOGS. 
 
 B 
 
 Bones, Broken 240 
 
 Bowels, Inflammation of 239 
 
 Broken Bones 240 
 
 Canine Distemper 236 
 
 Canker of Ear , 239 
 
 Castration 240 
 
 Chorea 240 
 
 Colic 239 
 
 Cough 1 239 
 
 Distemper, Canine 236 
 
 Drugs 246 
 
 Ear, Canker of ; 239 
 
 Eyes, Inflammation of 238 
 
 H 
 
 Hernia 239 
 
 Hydrophobia 240 
 
 Inflammation of Eyes 238 
 
 Inflammation of Bowels 239 
 
 Inflammation of Lungs 238 
 
 Kidneys, Worms in 24^ 
 
 Lice 
 
 237 
 
 Lung Fever 238 
 
 Lungs, Inflammation of 238 
 
 M 
 
 Mange 236 
 
 Modern Prescriptions 251 
 
 Feeding 236 
 
 Fever, Lung 238 
 
 Fleas 238 
 
 Fractures 
 
 G 
 
 Gonorrhea 240 
 
 Ophthalmia 238 
 
 240 Parturition 239' 
 
 Pneumonia 238 
 
 Prescrtitions, Modern 251 
 
 Pupping 239 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 313 
 
 R 
 
 Rabies 240 
 
 Ringworm 237 
 
 Rupture 239 
 
 Spaying 
 
 Tumors 
 
 S 
 
 240 
 
 239 
 
 w 
 
 Warts 239 
 
 Worms 238 
 
 Worms in Kidneys 240 
 
 Wounds 239 
 
 Bronchitis 
 
 CATS. 
 
 B 
 
 241 
 
 Fleas 243 
 
 Follicular Mange 243 
 
 Gastritis 242 
 
 Gkneral Symptoms of Disease 241 
 
 Giving Medicines 244 
 
 Glanders 242 
 
 H 
 
 Head, Cold in 341 
 
 Jaundice 242 
 
 M 
 
 Mange, Follicular , 243 
 
 ■ Mange, Sarcoptic 243 
 
 Medicines, Giving 244 
 
 Milk Fever 243 
 
 Modern Prescriptions 251 
 
 Canker of Ear 243 
 
 Castrating v • • • 244 
 
 Catarrh 241 
 
 •Claws 244 
 
 Cold in Head 241 
 
 Constipation 242 
 
 Convulsions ■. 243 
 
 Diarrhea 242 
 
 Disease, General Symptoms of 241 
 
 Diseases, Eye 244 
 
 Distemper 242 
 
 Drugs 246 
 
 E 
 
 Ear, Canker of 243 
 
 Eczema 242 
 
 Epilepsy 243 
 
 Eye Diseases 244 
 
 Pneumonia 241 
 
 Poisoning .'. 244 
 
 Prescriptions, Modern 251 
 
 R 
 
 Ringworm 244 
 
 Sarcoptic Mange 243 
 
 Spaying J 245 
 
 Stomach Worms 244 
 
 Symptoms of Disease, General 241 
 
 Tapeworm 244 
 
 Teeth 244, 
 
 Trichina 244 
 
 Tuberculosis 242 
 
 W 
 
 Worms, Stomach 244 
 
 Fever, Milk 243 
 
 Fits 243 
 
 Yellows 242 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 A C 
 
 Analysis, Food 263 Condition Powders 256, 257 
 
 Analyses, Food-Table of 265 j^ 
 
 Dictionary of Medical and Veterinary 
 
 B Terms 270 
 
 Balanced Rations 26s DRUGS, USEFUL STABLE 246 
 
 Breeding 2^' Acetanihde 24b 
 
 Breeding and Feeding Live Stock for Acetic Acid 246 
 
 Profit 261 Aconite .. ,., ;.... 246 
 
314 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S HOME STOCK BOOK. 
 
 DRUGS, USEFUL STABLE— Continued. 
 
 Alcohol 246 
 
 Aloes 246 
 
 Alum 246 
 
 Areca Nut 246 
 
 Ammonia 246 
 
 Arnica 246 
 
 Arsenic 246 
 
 Belladonna 246 
 
 Buchu 247 
 
 Borax 247 
 
 Boric Acid 247 
 
 Bismuth 247 
 
 Bromide of Potash 247 
 
 Black Haw 247 
 
 Calomel 247 
 
 Copperas 247 
 
 Cannabis Indica 247 
 
 Camphor 247 
 
 Cantharidijs (Spanish Fly) 247 
 
 Caraway Seed t 247 
 
 Chloral Hydrate 247 
 
 Colodium Flexible 248 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 248 
 
 Digitalis 248 
 
 Epsom Salts (Sulphate of Magnesia) 248 
 
 Ergot 248 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric Ether) 248 
 
 Formalin or Formaldehyde 248 
 
 Gentian 248 
 
 Ginger 248 
 
 Glauber's Salts (Sulphate Soda) 249 
 
 Iodine .' 249 
 
 Lime .' 249 
 
 Lobelia 249 
 
 Mustard (Sinapis) 249 
 
 , Nux Vomica 249 
 
 Opium 249 
 
 Poke (Phytolacca) 249 
 
 Resin 249 
 
 Saltpeter (Nitrate of Potash) 249 
 
 Soda , 250 
 
 Sugar of Lead (Acetate of Lead) ... 250 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc 250 
 
 Sweet Spirits of Nitre 250 
 
 ' Tannin (Tanic Acid) 250 
 
 Turpentine (Oil of Turpentine) 250 
 
 Vinegar (Acetic Acid) 250 
 
 Elements of Food, Essential 263 
 
 F 
 
 FEEDING ; 262 
 
 Balanced Rations 265 
 
 Essential Elements of Food 263 
 
 Feeding Standards 263 
 
 Food Analysis 263 
 
 Nutritive Ratio 264 
 
 Table of Food Analyses 265 
 
 Feeding and Bkeeding Live Stock for 
 
 Profit 261 
 
 Feeding Standards 263 
 
 Fifty Modern Prescriptions 251 
 
 Food Analysis 263 
 
 Food Analyses, Table op 265 
 
 Food, Essential Elements of 263 
 
 Food, Poultry '. 256 
 
 Food, Stock 256, 257 
 
 G 
 Glossary 270 
 
 H 
 
 Hop.se Traders, Tricks of 267 
 
 I 
 
 Instruments and Tools, Useful 258 
 
 Instruments, Useful Surgical 259 
 
 L 
 
 Live Stock, Feeding and Breeding foE' 
 Profit 261 
 
 M 
 
 Medical Terms, Dictionary of i.^o 
 
 Modern Prescriptions, Fifty ......... 251 
 
 N 
 
 Nutritive Ratio 264 
 
 P 
 
 Poultry Food 256 
 
 Poultry Tonic 256 
 
 Powder, Condition 256, 257 
 
 Powder, Tonic 257 
 
 PRESCRIPTIONS, FIFTY MODERN 251 
 
 Blister 254 
 
 Blister and Absorbent 254 
 
 Canker of Ear 252 
 
 Cathartic for Cattle 252 
 
 Cathartic for Horses 252 
 
 Colds and Catarrhal Affections 254 
 
 Colic Mixture 253 
 
 Colic Mixture (Flatulent) 253 
 
 Cooling Astringent Lotion 253 
 
 Cough Mixture 251, 252 
 
 Drying Healing Powder 255 
 
 Drying Powder 254 
 
 Eye Lotion 232, 253 
 
 For Catarrhal Fever 253, 254 
 
 For Cracked Heels in Horses and 
 
 Chapped Teats in Cows , . 255 
 
 For Cracked Teats in Cows ! . 252 
 
 For Destroying Pin Worms 253 
 
 For Goitre 252 
 
 For Killing Lice 251 
 
 For Leucorrhea 255 
 
 For Nasal Gleet 254 
 
 For Removing Warts 255 
 
 For Roup in Chickens 255 
 
 For Stopping Bleeding 251 
 
 For Quittor 25s 
 
 For Thumps 254 
 
 For Tender Shoulders and Collar and 
 Saddle Galls 255 
 
STOCK INDEX. 
 
 315 
 
 PRESCRIPTIONS, FIFTY MODERN 
 — Continued. 
 
 Healing Lotion 251, 252, 253 
 
 Healing Salve 253 
 
 Hoof Ointment .. .'. 231, 252 
 
 Mild Stable Liniment 251 
 
 Soothing Lotion 254 
 
 White Liniment 251 
 
 Zinc Ointment 253 
 
 Profit, BREEMNd and Feeding Live 
 Stock for 261 
 
 R 
 
 Ratio, Nutritive 264 
 
 Rations, Balanced 265 
 
 S 
 
 Stable Drugs, Usefui 246 
 
 Standards, Ff.eding 263 
 
 Stock, Breeding and Feeding for Profit 261 
 
 Stock Food 256, 257 
 
 Stock Foods, Condition Powders and 
 
 Poultry Foods 256 
 
 Stock Tonic 256 
 
 Supplement 292 
 
 Surgical Instruments, Useful 239 
 
 T 
 
 Table of Food Analyses 265 
 
 Tonic Powder 257 
 
 Tonic, Poultry 256 
 
 Tonic, Stock 256 
 
 Tools and Instruments, Useful 258 
 
 TRICKS OF HORSE TRADERS .....267 
 
 " Bishoping " 268 
 
 Blowing Up Old and Sweenied Horses 267 
 
 Dieting and Doping a Heaver 267 
 
 " Doctoring " a Cribber 268 
 
 Gingering 267 
 
 Hiding Lameness 268 
 
 Hiding Spavins, Ringbones and Side- 
 bones 268 
 
 Matching a Fractious Horse with a 
 
 Lazy One 269 
 
 Paralyzing a Switcher 267 
 
 Plugging a Roarer or Whistler 267 
 
 Putting Harness Galls on a Balky 
 
 Horse 268 
 
 Stuffing the Ears 269 
 
 The Dark Irick 269 
 
 The Meaning of Many Scars 269 
 
 The " Stool Pigeon " Swindler 269 
 
 The Straw and Stringhalt Trick 269 
 
 Winding a Horse 268 
 
 U 
 
 Useful Instruments and Tools 258 
 
 Useful Stable Drugs 246 
 
 Useful Surgical Instruments 259 
 
 V 
 
 Veterinary Terms, Dictionary of 270