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 WILLARD FISKE 
 
 LIBRARIAN OF THE UNIVERSITY 1868-1883 
 
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 Royal tribes of Wales / 
 
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THE ROYAL TRIBES OF WALES. 
 
THE 
 
 IRo^al tTribes of milalee. 
 
 PHILIP YORKE, ESQ., OF ERTHIG. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED AN ACCOUNT OF 
 
 THE FIFTEEN TRIBES OF NORTH WALES. 
 
 NUMEROUS ADDITIONS AND NOTES, PREFACE AND INDEX, 
 
 BY THE EDITOR, 
 
 RICHARD WILLIAMS, 
 
 Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, 
 
 et nos aliquod nouienque decusque, 
 
 Gessimus 
 
 VlKCt. 
 
 Xlverpool : 
 
 Published by Isaac Foulkes, i8, Brunswick Street. 
 
 1887. 
 
 I- 1.. 
 
TO THE 
 
 Htgljt l^attottrabk (Bhbiaxh fant^s, (Bad of ^o\jak, 
 
 LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF MONTGOMERY, 
 HIGH STEWARD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, AND 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES, 
 
 Himself a Representative of more than one of the Tribes whose history ii 
 
 GIVEN IN the following PAGES, 
 
 This Volume is by permission respectfully Dedicated, by 
 
 THE EDITOR 
 Celynog, Newtown, 
 ^st August, i88y. 
 
PREFACE TO THE ORIGINAL EDITION. 
 
 INATIONS when first possessed of the art of writing, had their 
 events entered on the plain page of domestic history, independent 
 of foreign wars, and distant occurrences. Their most eminent 
 citizens were recorded as founders of their families, and their 
 descendants respected as links of the same chain, however un- 
 worthy they may have been of their progenitors. The Patrician 
 families of ancient Rome, had their origin from men famous in 
 their generations. The twelve Tribes of Israel are arranged 
 with great accuracy, and the Phoenicians, their neighbours, were 
 probably not more remiss in this branch of history. They traded 
 to the mines of the Cassiterides, and planted colonies in this 
 island. They might have brought the tracing of pedigrees into 
 Britain ; and the Welsh are acknowledged to have assiduously 
 continued the practice, thus supposed to have been primarily in- 
 troduced. It may be asked what certainty we have of the authen- 
 ticity of our early genealogies .'* The same as of every other species 
 of history in other nations ; the credit of ancient writers, professed 
 genealogists ; men appointed and patronized by the princes of the 
 country, who were prohibited from following any other profes- 
 sion; whose records are still extant, and bear no stamp of fiction, 
 which our poets even would not allow. What credit is to be 
 given to the line of kings, said to have reigned in this island 
 prior to Caesar's invasion, or from what source Tysilio drew his 
 Brut, is not within the limits of this paper. Our most ancient 
 existing manuscripts are the Triads, and the works of the bards 
 of the sixth century, who celebrate in epic strains the deeds of 
 our heroes, who fought and fell in the cause of their country. 
 The Gododin of Aneurin at that period, is a noble poem, and 
 a curious piece of British antiquity : its plaintive numbers in sad 
 sounds, echo the sense of the sorrowful retreat of the vanquished 
 
vm. 
 
 few from the field of blood, of whom the bard himself was one. 
 During the earlier centuries, the registering of genealogies was 
 the province of the Arwydd-feirdd, and the Ofyddion, during 
 their three years of probation, which preceded their initiation into 
 the higher orders of bardism. It was then optional whether they 
 continued to register the descents of their chiefs, but in general 
 they did ; and a bard, and a genealogist became synonymous 
 terms. From the ninth to the twelfth century, the genealogist, 
 sanctioned by royal authority, classed the first families into twenty 
 tribes ; five termed royal, and fifteen called common. Other 
 founders of families are recorded, but not included in the tribes, 
 although of greater merit than some who were honoured with 
 that distinction. Why Jestyn ab Gwrgant, a petty Lord of 
 Glamorgan, and a character in everlasting disgrace, should be 
 thus dignified, while he was the founder only of ignominy and 
 loss of dominion to himself, of slaughter and slavery to his coun- 
 try, is difficult to adjust; and that Brochwel Ysgithrog, a prince 
 of Powys in its highest splendor, having Shrewsbury for his 
 capital, and a chief of great power and martial character, 
 should have his name omitted even in the fifteen tribes, is alike 
 inscrutable. Our bards continued their genealogical pursuits to 
 the reign of Elizabeth ; from which time bardism, in all its 
 branches, for want of the customary encouragement, suffered an 
 irrecoverable decline. Copies of ancient manuscript pedigree 
 books, falling among persons who had a value for the subject, 
 were carefully preserved, and the descents of families continued 
 to the present century. However numerous these may have been, 
 two pedigree books only have appeared in print ; the first by 
 Mr. Davies of Llansilin, in 1716,^ containing little more than an 
 enumeration of the families descended from each particular tribe. 
 The second by Mr. John Reynolds of Oswestry, in 1739,^ more 
 copious, but less correct than the former, and both alike con- 
 
 ^ " ^ Display of Herauldry of most particular Coat Armours^ now at use in the six 
 Counties of North Wales ^ &c. Collected out of several Authentic Authors. By John 
 Davies of Llansillin Parish in Denbighshire, Antiquary. — Salop. Printed by John 
 Eoderick for the Author, in the year 1716." — Ed. 
 
 '^ " The Scripture Genealogy beginning at Noah & To which is Added, The Genealogy 
 of the Ccesars. & Also a Display of Heraldry of the particular Coat of Armours 
 now in Use in the Six Counties of North Wales, &c. By John Reynolds of Oswestry, 
 Antiquarian. Chester. Printed by Roger Adam for the Author, 1739." — John 
 
IX. 
 
 fused and uninteresting.^ From tlie short materials thus before 
 him, the Author hopes allowances will be made for this imper- 
 fect attempt. He is sensible to its defects ; at the same time 
 he is free to say, that he has spared no assiduities, nor left a 
 corner untried, whence any probable information was likely to 
 arise. He regrets that a nation, possessing so many curious 
 documents of ancient history as the Welsh, should have so 
 long neglected bringing them to the light and public investi- 
 gation. The Triads, Tysilio, and the rest of our historic 
 manuscripts have yet no other dress than their British garb ;^ 
 and the Latin works of Nennius, Giraldus, Paris, Polydore, 
 Virunnius, Pryce, Llwyd, Powel, and Caius, relative to Wales, 
 remain yet without translations,^ to the disadvantage of English 
 literature, and general information. Before he concludes, the 
 Author (or historical collector rather) of the following sheets 
 returns his thanks to those gentlemen who have assisted him 
 with their communications : To John Kynaston Powel, Esq. of 
 Hardwick ;* to the Rev. Samuel Strong of March wiel f the 
 Rev. Edward Edwards of Wrexham f the Rev. Edward Davies 
 of Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog \^ the Rev. John Williams of 
 
 Reynolds's mother was John Davies 's sister. This work is a very imperfect compilation 
 by Reynolds of MS. materials left by his uncle, and put together with very little 
 knowledge of the subject. — Ed. 
 
 ^ Since this was written much has been done to remedy the deficiency complained of. 
 In 1846 the Welsh MSS. Society brought out a splendid edition of Lewys Dwnn's 
 Heraldic Visitations of Wales and Part of the Marches, in two large imperial quarto 
 volumes under the editorship of Sir Saml. Rush Meyrick, assisted by W. W. E. Wynne, 
 Esq., of Peniarth, and Joseph Morris, Esq., of Shrewsbury. The Archceologia Cam- 
 brensis from its first publication in 1846 to the present time ; the Cambrian Journal, 
 1854 — 1864 ; the Montgomeryshire Collections of the Powysland Club ; various county 
 histories; and The History of Powys Fadog in six octavo volumes (i88i — 1887), by 
 J. Y. W. Lloyd, Esq., and other pubhcations, have added very materially to our infor- 
 mation respecting Welsh genealogy. — Ed. 
 
 ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth's British History must not be considered as a translation of 
 Tysilio. 
 
 ^ Ably edited translations of most if not all of these works have since appeared. — Ed. 
 
 * Created a Baronet in 1818, and died in 1822. See p. 86. — Ed. 
 
 ^ Rector of Marchwiel and Canon of St. Asaph. Died about 1816. — Ed. 
 
 ^ He was then Curate of Wrexham, and held the Vicarage of Llanarmon yn lal from 
 1782 to 1820, the date of his death. In 1801 he brought out a new edition of Willis's 
 Survey of St. Asaph, in two volumes. — Ed. 
 
 '' Rector of Llanarmon from 1796 to 1811. — Ed. 
 
LlanrA^st ;' and the Rev. Walter Davies of Meifod," an able 
 Welsh antiquary, who will throw more light on this subject. 
 The author hopes that the portrait engravings which have been 
 collected from the best pictures of the several persons that could 
 be obtained, will make some amends for other deficiencies. 
 
 1 Formerly Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. He held the Head Mastership of 
 Llanrwst Grammar School from 1791 to 1812, and was Rector of Llanbedr y Cenin. 
 He died in 1826. — Ed. 
 
 2 He was at that time Curate of Meifod. Shortly afterwards he was nominated to 
 the Perpetual Curacy of Yspytty Ifan. In 1803, he obtained the Rectory of Llan- 
 wyddelan, which he resigned in 1807, on being collated to that of Manafon. He 
 resigned the benefice of Manafon in 1837 on his preferment to the Vicarage of Llan- 
 rhaiadr yn Mochnant, where he died December 5th, 1849, in his eighty-ninth year. Mr. 
 Davies was one of the best Welsh scholars of his day, an able critic, a good poet, and a 
 voluminous writer. His collected works were published in 1868 in three volumes, 
 under the editorship of the Rev. D. Silvan Evans, B.D. — Ed. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT TO FIRST EDITION. 
 
 The Author of this small work would attempt to enlarge it 
 through the Fifteen Common Tribes, and would hazard another 
 publication (correcting the errors of this) with some additional 
 Engravings, if the Families descended from them were pleased 
 to communicate their Pedigrees, and what biographical matter 
 and anecdote belong to them. This is the more necessary, nay 
 indispensable, as the founders of these Tribes have little, or no 
 notice taken of them in History. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION TO THIS EDITION. 
 
 It is a good proof of the intrinsic value and excellence of Yorke's Royal Tribes 
 of Wales, that, after the lapse of nearly ninety years it is still popular, and that a 
 new edition is called for. In the meanwhile, time has brought about great changes, 
 as must ever be the case, more particularly in a busy commercial country like ours. 
 Old families which still flourished in YORKE's time, have decayed or disappeared 
 altogether, while new men have risen to the surface, and have founded new houses 
 on the ruins of the old. It has been my object and my endeavour, while retaining 
 in their integrity the original text and notes, and even with a few exceptions the 
 original spelling, to add by way of notes, such information as I have been able to 
 gather, to indicate these changes, and to bring down to the present date, the story 
 of our old Welsh families, so agreeably told by the genial and accomplished 
 author. The notes and additions for which I am responsible are marked Ed. 
 throughout. The fifle engraved portraits which illustrated the original edition, 
 have been reproduced by the Typographical Etching system, which the printer 
 has selected, after carefully comparing the numerous processes now in vogue, as 
 being the best adapted for the purpose. 
 
 One of the difficulties that a genealogist has to contend with in the present day, 
 is the little attention given now, as compared with former times, to the preservation 
 of Pedigrees and family history. People's minds are so engrossed by the present 
 and the future, that certainly less regard is paid to the past, than used to be the 
 case. Men are too much occupied in the race for riches or honour, to think much 
 about their ancestry. " Let the dead past bury its dead," is the language of the 
 time, and homage is paid to men more and more for what they are than for what 
 their fathers were. Wealth, power, and (which is a more hopeful sign) genius and 
 intellect, will generally command respect for a man, though his father may have 
 been a sweep or a shoeblack. 
 
 It has been thought desirable to take this opportunity to publish, in an 
 enlarged form, the brief Account of the Fifteen Tribes of North Wales, composed, 
 it is generally understood, by Robert Vaughan, the eminent Welsh antiquary, 
 first published with Notes in the Cambrian Register for 1795, and as an Appendix 
 to Pennant's History of Whiteford and Holywell, in the following year : also the 
 account of the Tribe of Tudur Trevor, or the Tribe of March, given by Pennant, 
 and by him styled the Sixteenth Tribe. 
 
xu. 
 
 The origin of the Tribes is involved in some obscurity, and has given rise to 
 
 much discussion, for Vaughan's explanation (p. i, post) is by no means satisfactory. 
 
 That account represents Gruffudd ab Cynan, Rhys ab Tewdwr, and Bleddyn ab 
 
 Cynfyn, as having " made diligent search after the arms, ensigns, and pedigrees of 
 
 their ancestors " ; while a comparison of dates will shew that it was impossible 
 
 for those princes to have co-operated in the way referred to, and that they all 
 
 lived and died before the time when hereditary arms were borne or heraldry 
 
 existed. With regard to the Fifteen Tribes, Mr. Trevor Parkins, who ably discusses 
 
 these difficulties in the recent (1883) edition of Pennant's Tours in Wales, vol. iii, 
 
 p. 415, points out that "they belong exclusively to North Wales. They are 
 
 " principally found in Anglesey and Carnarvonshire, and in those parts of 
 
 " Denbighshire and Flintshire which did not belong to Powys. Their distribution 
 
 " is exceedingly irregular, but there seems to be something local in their arrange- 
 
 " ment. * * * * Many difficulties will be explained, if the Tribes are 
 
 " believed to have been constituted subsequently to the reign of Owen Gwynedd 
 
 " [i 137-1169], in the last years of national independence, and to have been limited 
 
 " to the districts which remained un-conquered. The heraldic bearings, some of 
 
 " which appear to be more modern, may have undergone changes, and been finally 
 
 " determined upon at a later period. * * * The Tribe of March (or Tudor 
 
 " Trevor) has no connection with the rest, and its formation is certainly more 
 
 "recent." Professor Rhys, however (lb., vol. i., p. 15), is "disposed to put back 
 
 " the real origin of the tribes into the pre-historic times, when the inhabitants of 
 
 " Gwynedd were still Goidels, and had a tribal system differing from that of their 
 
 " neighbours the Ordovices of Powys, who were a Brythonic people, and the 
 
 " introductors of the Brythonic language into Wales." But whatever may have 
 
 been the causes which led to the formation of these Tribes, they furnish a highly 
 
 interesting record of great value to the historian as well as the genealogist, of the 
 
 history and connections of most of the leading families of North Wales. 
 
 Philip Yorke, the author of TJu Royal Tribes of Wales, was the son of Simon 
 Yorke, Esq. and Dorothy his wife, and was born at Erthig, near Wrexham, 
 Denbighshire, in the year 1743. His father was a first cousin of Lord Chancellor 
 Hardwicke, and their common ancestry, according to Sir Egerton Brydges, 
 " though of no particular lustre either from its titles or estates was by no means 
 "mean, insignificant in point of property or unrespectable in alliances." His 
 mother was the daughter and heiress of Matthew Hutton, Esq. of Newnham, 
 Herefordshire. Erthig is a fine old mansion, built in 1678, delightfully situated 
 within about a mile of the town of Wrexham. It originally belonged with a 
 considerable estate to an old Welsh family long extinct, of the same name, of 
 
XIU. 
 
 the tribe of TUDOR Trevor. It was purchased in 1715 by John Meller, Esq., 
 a .Master in Chancery, who bequeathed it to his nephew (son of his eldest sister), 
 the above named Simon Yorke. Wat's Dyke runs through the property. After 
 a liberal education, Philip Yorke was entered at Benet College, Cambridge, where 
 he proceeded to the degree of M.A. in 1765. He inherited the Erthig estate on the 
 death of his father on the 28th July, 1767, and the following year he was elected 
 F.A.S. On the 2nd July, 1770, he married Elizabeth, younger daughter of the 
 Right Hon. Sir John Cust, Bart., Speaker of the House of Commons, and by her, 
 who died in 1779, had besides a daughter, a son and heir, Simon, born 27th July, 
 1771, whose son of the same name now resides at Erthig. Mr. Yorke married 
 secondly, Diana, widow of Ridgeway Owen Meyrick, Esq. of Bodorgan, Anglesey, 
 and daughter and heiress of Pierce Wynne, Esq. of Dyfifryn Aled, Denbighshire, 
 of the tribe of Marchudd (see p. 194, post), by Margaret his wife, daughter of 
 Robert Wynne, Esq. of Garthewin. Of this marriage there was issue, three sons. 
 Pierce Wynne, Philip, and Robert, and a daughter, I.ucy. The former died in 
 1837, leaving by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Bulkeley Hughes of 
 PI as Coch, besides two daughters, a son, the present Pierce Wynne Yorke, Esq. 
 of Dyfifryn Aled. 
 
 Yorke, for some years represented the boroughs of Helston and Grantham 
 successively in the House of Commons, but constitutional difiSdence prevented his 
 speaking there. He was, however, a man of superior endowments and cultivated 
 tastes, which his ample fortune of about ;^7,ooo a year enabled him to gratify. 
 He indeed spent his money lavishly, though not recklessly or foolishly. " Waste not 
 want not " was written up in large letters in his kitchen, but that was all that was 
 known of economy at Erthig, where the owner made great improvements in the 
 house and its surroundings, and added many to its treasures. He was well versed in 
 the classics, especially Virgil, and, as few equalled him as a conversationalist, he was 
 a delightful companion. He loved to gather round his table friends, whose tastes 
 for literary studies and pursuits were similar to his own. Among these was 
 Thomas Pennant, the accomplished author of the Tours in Wales, and other well 
 known works. Pennant, who died some years before him, left him a legacy of 
 ten guineas as a token of their friendship. 
 
 Yorke made his first appearance as an author in 1795, when he brought out 
 the Tracts of Powys, a thin quarto volume, printed by Marsh "at the Druid 
 Press," Wrexham. This formed the groundwork of his later and more important 
 work, TIu Royal Tribes of Wales. It is now very scarce. He dedicated this work 
 to his intimate friend, Pennant, thus : — " To Thomas Pennant of Downing, Esq. 
 " Dear Sir, — I attempted with some pains and to little purpose, the several 
 
XIV. 
 
 " pedigrees of the different descendants of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, the founder of our 
 " third Royal Tribe, but communications failing me, the design hath ended for the 
 " present, at least in this slight Memoir of the Princes and Lords of Powys only. 
 " Such as it is then permit me to present it you as to one by whom our Antiquities 
 " have been best understood and best illustrated. I have added the names of all 
 " the families I can find descended from this as from the nineteen other Tribes ; 
 " from that source alone, the information necessary must be sought ; what we 
 " have abroad is without anecdote, imperfect and uninteresting, and I detach this 
 " with great submission among them on a service of better intelligence. If with 
 " success, I would report progress ; for I am free to think the race of Cadwalader 
 " more glorious than the breed of Gimcrack, and a Welsh Card than a Newmarket 
 " Calendar. — I am. Dear Sir, with great esteem, Your very faithful and obedient 
 " servant. — Ph. Yorke, Erthig, April 20th, 1795." 
 
 Besides the historical sketch of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, which occupies 37 pages, 
 the Tracts of Powys include " A refutation of Polydore Vergil's remarks about 
 the ancient Britons " (20 pages) ; lists of the descendants of the five Royal and 
 fifteen Noble Tribes of North Wales ; " Observations on Crown Manors in Wales," 
 afterwards reprinted as an Appendix (No. xvi) to the Royal Tribes ; the divisions 
 of Bromfield and Yale ; and some letters of Goronwy Owen, Lewis Morris and 
 others, some of which have been republished in the Life of Goronwy Owen and 
 elsewhere. The sketch of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn ended with the reference to Lord 
 Herbert of Cherbury (see p. 81 post). The author subsequently made great 
 additions to it and wrote accounts of the other four Royal Tribes framed on the 
 same model, but not so exhaustive. These he published in 1799 in a handsome 
 quarto volume of about 200 pages (vii + 192) embellished with twelve fine engraved 
 portraits under the title. The Royal Tribes of Wales, The work was printed by 
 Mr. John Painter at Wrexham, and upon it rests Yorke's fame as a genial and 
 accomplished writer on genealogy — a subject which to many is in itself dry and 
 uninteresting. 
 
 In 1802, he published a small volume of thirty four pages quarto, entitled 
 Crude Ditties, containing about two dozen short poems mostly humorous, but of 
 little merit. He died on the 19th February, 1804, in the sixty-first year of his 
 age. The Yorke arms are, argent on a saltier azure a bezant ; crest, a lion's head 
 erased proper, collared gules charged with a bezant ; motto, " Nee cupias nee 
 metuas." 
 
 Robert Vaughan, the supposed author of the Brief History of tJte Fifteen 
 Tribes of North Wales (pp. 172 — 209 post), was the eldest son of Howel 
 Vaughan, Esq., a descendant of Cadwgan ab BLEDDYN AB CYNFYN, and 
 
XV. 
 
 Margaret his wife, a granddaughter of Lewis Owen, Vice-Chamberlain of North 
 Wales and Baron of the Exchequer, an account of whose murder by banditti is 
 given in p. 114 post. He was born in 1592 at Hengwrt near Dolgelley, Merion- 
 ethshire, to which the family residence had not long before been removed from 
 Y Wengraig, an old mansion at the foot of Cader Idris, where his ancestors had 
 resided for many generations. The seat of the original stock was Nannau, from 
 which in the sixth descent from Cadwgan of Nannau, Howel Fychan or Vaughan 
 separated and settled at Y Wengraig. Robert Vaughan entered Oxford Univer- 
 sity as a commoner of Oriel College in 161 2, and having passed through the 
 regular course of studies pursued at that time in Logic and Philosophy, he left 
 the University without taking a degree and retired to his estate at Hengwrt. 
 Possessing a good estate, and animated by a patriotic spirit, he devoted himself 
 with great zeal to the cultivation of those antiquarian and historical studies that 
 have rendered his name famous and of such authority on all subjects connected 
 with Welsh history and antiquities. " In genealogy he was so skilled and his 
 " knowledge on that subject derived from such genuine sources that Hengwrt 
 " became the herald's college of the Principality, and no pedigree was current till 
 " it had first obtained his sanction ; a compliment he was justly entitled to if we 
 " may judge by the immense mass of that sort of learning left behind him which 
 " evinces an industry almost incredible, and a method and perspicuity rarely to 
 " be met with in similar collections." — (Cam, Reg. iii. p. 279). He was intimate 
 with most of the eminent literary characters of the age he lived in, and carried on 
 an extensive correspondence with Archbishop Usher, Sir Simon D'Ewes, Selden, 
 Sir John Vaughan, and others. The following are only a portion of the fruits of 
 his diligence and industry: — '^British Antiquities Revived; or friendly contest 
 " touching ye sovereignty of the three Princes of Wales in antient times managed 
 " with certain arguments, whereunto answers are applied. To which is added the 
 " pedigree of the Right Hon. the Earl of Carbery, Lord President of Wales, with 
 " a short account of the Five Royal Tribes of Cambria." Oxford 1662 (quarto). 
 This was the only work published in his lifetime. A second edition was printed 
 at Bala in 1834, with a memoir prefixed by the Rev. John Jones, of Borthwnog. 
 He also wrote Notes or Commentaries on the Book of Basingwerk ; on Nennius ; 
 on the Triads, with an English translation ; on Caradoc of Llancarvan's Brut or 
 Chronicles, with a collation of ten several copies, on vellum ; on Leland's New 
 Year's Gift ; on Burton's Antoninus ; on Dr. Powell's History of Wales ; on 
 Usher's Primordia ; Ball's Catalogus Scriptorum ; Annals of Wales from Vortigern 
 downwards, translated from the original into English with notes ; a short account 
 of the family of Corsygedol ; a Topography of Merionethshire ; and a Tour to 
 
XVI. 
 
 St. David's, containing short and cursory notices of the places he passed through 
 in going and returning. He also formed at Hengwrt an unrivalled collection of 
 Welsh manuscripts, the greater portion of which are now in the Peniarth library 
 (see p. \i^ post). The Camirian Register, vol. iii., contains a catalogue of 162 of 
 these, many of which are of very early date, and several transcripts are in 
 Mr. Vaughan's own handwriting. He also constantly employed a secretary at 
 his house to transcribe valuable manuscripts entrusted to him by others ; and he 
 obtained a large addition to his own collection on the death of Jones of Gelli-lyfdy, 
 another industrious collector, with whom he had made an agreement that the 
 survivor should succeed to the other's library (see p. 1 1 5 post). Vaughan's notes 
 and copious additions to many of these render them the more valuable, and as 
 materials for illustrating the history and antiquities of Wales, too much importance 
 cannot be attached to them. Transcripts of Y Seint Greal and some others have 
 been published under the able editorship of the late Canon Williams of Rhydy- 
 croesau, and the Hengwrt collection has been indeed a vast quarry to which our 
 leading antiquaries have since Vaughan's time resorted, and whence they have 
 obtained most important materials for their works. Robert Vaughan died at 
 Hengwrt in 1666, and was buried in the parish church of Dolgelley. 
 
 August 1st, 1SS7. 
 
 R. WILLIAMS. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 17, line 12, for Corysgedol red^A Corsygedol. 
 
 ,, 28, ,, if^ior council XQdA counsel. 
 
 „ 40, ,, 20, ior langued or redid, langited azure. 
 
 „ 56, ,, 28, for Dafydd ah Llwyd read Dafydd Llwyd. 
 
 „ 61, ,, 12, for respository read repository. 
 
 „ 68, ,, 2'^, ior English re&di eighth. 
 
 ,, 93, ,, 4, after made read by. 
 
 „ 107, ,, 19, for 0/ Golden Grove read at Golden Grove. 
 
 „ 119, ,, 32, for Conway re.^A Cownwy. 
 
 „ 129, ,, 1^, ior purposes re?LA. purpose. 
 
 „ 141, ,, 29, for Z>2« read Z'/zz. 
 
 ,, 153, ,, 21, for of one clothe read one of clothe 
 
 ,, 173, ,, 14, for Nicholson read Nicholas. 
 
 ) ) 185, „ 3 1 , for gread read great. 
 
 „ 192, ,, 14, dele the semicolon (;). 
 
 „ 197, „ 1/^, ior obtained rea.di attained. 
 
THE 
 
 ROYAL TRIBES 
 
 OF 
 
 WALES 
 
 — ♦ 
 
 GRUFFUDD ab CYNAN ranks first of the five Royal 
 Tribes.^ He recovered his crown of North Wales from Trahaern 
 
 1 The five regal Tribes, and the respective representative of each, were considered 
 as of royal blood. The fifteen common Tribes, all of North Wales, and the 
 respective representative of each, formed the Nobility ; were Lords of distinct 
 districts, and bore some hereditary office* in the palace. Gruffudd ab Cynan, 
 Prince of North Wales, Rhys ab Tewdwr, of South Wales, and Bleddyn ab 
 Cynfyn, of Powys, regulated both these classes, but they did not create them ; as 
 many of the persons, placed at their head, lived before their times, and some, 
 after. Their precedence, as it stands, is very uncertain and not governed by the 
 dates ; the last of them were created by Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, who began 
 his reign in ii6g. We are left ignorant of the form, by which they were called 
 to this rank. Mr. Vaughan of Hengwrt informs us " that Gruffudd ab Cynan, 
 " Rhys ab Tewdwr, and Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, made diligent search after the arms, 
 " ensigns, and pedigrees of their ancestors, the Nobility and Kings of the Britons. 
 " What they discovered by their pains in any papers and records was afterwards 
 " by the Bards digested, and put into books, and they ordained five Royal Tribes, 
 " there being only three before, from whom their posterity to this day, can derive 
 " themselves, and also fifteen special Tribes, of whom the gentry of North Wales 
 " are for the most part descended." 
 
 • By the Laws of Hywel Dda it appears there were twenty-four great officers of the Welsh court. 
 
 A 
 
A.D. ab Caradog, at the battle of Carno,^ who had been elected by 
 1079 the people, without the merits of descent, on the assassination 
 of our worthy Prince, Bleddyn ab Cynfyn. 
 
 In Grufifudd, the succession was restored. He was the son 
 of Cynan, the son of lago or James, the son of Meurig, the 
 son of Idwal, the son of Anarawd, the eldest son of Roderic 
 the Great ; and had not the principality of the north alone, 
 but the supremacy of Wales, vested in him ; for it was the 
 condition, in the tripartition of Roderic,^ and confirmed by his 
 grandson Hywel Dda, that the Princes of South Wales and 
 Powys, should be tributary to the North. 
 
 Grufifudd owed his success at Carno to a force of Irish, 
 devoted to his fortunes, from his relation to Auloedd* King of 
 Dublin, Man, and the Isles ; whose daughter Ranhult, widow 
 of Mathganyn, King of Ulster, by her second marriage, was his 
 Mother. From the same interests, he had been supplied in a 
 former attempt to recover North Wales, when he fixed himself 
 
 1 The mountains of Carno, as the mountains of Gilboa, are celebrated for the 
 fall of the mighty. The fiercest battle in our annals, happened in 1079, amidst 
 these hills, when Gruffudd ab Cynan, assisted by Rhys ab Tewdwr, Prince of 
 South Wales, disputed the sovereignty of North Wales, with Trahaern ab Caradog, 
 the reigning usurper. After a bloody contest, victory decided in favour of the 
 first, and Trahaern was slain. — Pennant, Carno is in the hundred of Arwystli 
 in Montgomeryshire. — Ed, 
 
 2 Roderic ordained that the Princes of South Wales and Powys should each of 
 them pay yearly to the Sovereigns of North Wales, a tribute, called Maelged, of 
 sixty-three pounds. 
 
 8 Auloedd had built a castle on the Menai, near Moel y donn, called Castle 
 Auloedd Frenin, the Castle of King Auloedd. 
 
3 
 
 in Anglesey ; but pursuing his success beyond the Menai, was 
 defeated by Trahaern at the battle of Bron yr Erw, and driven 
 again, with great loss, within the island. 
 
 Gruffudd died in 1136, at the age of eighty-two, and lies 
 buried on the south side of the great altar, in the Cathedral 
 church at Bangor,-^ having reigned fifty-seven years through various 
 fortunes,^ and with equal interruption from his enemies the 
 English, and his friends the Welsh. His early life was marked 
 by spirit and success, but in his riper years, the desire of peace, 
 and his submissions^ to obtain it, tarnished his former glory. 
 
 ^ Not a vestige of his shrine is now to be seen. — Ed. 
 
 2 Soon after his victory at Carno, he was treacherously surprized at Rfig by one 
 Muriawn goch, and, notwithstanding his late eminent success, suffered a long 
 captivity of twelve* years in the castle of Chester. At length he escaped by the 
 bravery of a young man, Kynrig hlr or the tall, of lal ; who coming to Chester, 
 under pretence of buying necessaries, took an occasion, whilst the keepers were 
 feasting, to carry away his Prince, laden with Irons, on his back, to a place of 
 security. — Vita Conani. 
 
 3 Gruffudd had personal rather than political courage (often political villainy.) 
 He had fought hand to hand with that hardy Baron Fulke Fitzwarren, who was 
 entrusted by Henry the First with the care of the Marches, and was wounded by 
 him in the shoulder, and fled ; but in the end wrested from Fulke, his castle and 
 lordship of Whittington. There was another action in which he was personally 
 engaged ; and the circumstances are very extraordinary. Robert of Rhuddlan, 
 nephew to Hugh Lupus, and the possessor of that castle, where he then resided, 
 received in it a visit from Gruffudd, who came to solicit his assistance against his 
 Welsh subjects. This he obtained ; but on some quarrel attacked Robert in his 
 castle, took and burnt the baily or yard, and killed such a nnmber of his men, 
 
 » This could not be : the restless spirit of the Welsh, in this course of time, would have set up another 
 Prince ; besides, it contradicts the evidence of Ordericus Vitalis, who says, that Robert of Rhuddlan was 
 slain by Gruffudd on the third of July, 1088, which was only nine years after the battle of Carno. 
 
4 
 
 His son Owain Gwynedd more popularly succeeded him ;^ and 
 it may have happened that on this account, the descendants of 
 the tribe, have taken his coat,^ in preference to his father's 
 bearings, or have borne the father's only in the second quarter. 
 Gruffudd was accomplished : He reformed the Welsh minstrelsy,* 
 
 that but few escaped into the towers. An extraordinary end attended Robert in 
 a future contest, which ought to become history. On the third of July 1088, 
 Gruffudd had entered the Cynwy, with three ships, and leaving them on the shore 
 at low water, had proceeded to ravage the country, which belonged to Hugh Lupus 
 Earl of Chester, the uncle of Robert. Alarmed at the descent, Robert, while his 
 men were mustering their forces, went down to the sea side, with one soldier only, 
 named Osborne de Orger, where he was slain, and gave up (says Ordericus,) his 
 soul to God, and the virgin, his men coming up too late, to save him ; but they 
 recovered his body, which was first interred at St. Werburgh's, Chester, but 
 removed afterwards to Normandy. 
 
 1 Consilio felix Princeps, fortissimus armis ; 
 
 Civibus, ille novus Solomon, novus hostibus, Hector. — Pentarchia. 
 
 Owain Gwynedd reigned thirty-two years. He died in December, 1169, and 
 lies buried at Bangor ; whose tomb when Baldwyn, Archbishop of Canterbury 
 coming to preach the Crusade against the Saracens, saw, he charged the Bishop 
 to remove the body out of the Cathedral, when he could find a fit opportunity so 
 to do, in regard that Archbishop Becket had excommunicated him heretofore, 
 because he had married his first cousin, the daughter of Grono ab Edwyn, and 
 that, notwithstanding he had continued to live with her till she died. The Bishop 
 in obedience to the charge, made a passage from the vault through the south wall 
 of the church, under ground, and so secretly shoved the body into the church 
 yard. — Hengwrt MSS. 
 
 2 The arms of Gruffudd ab Cynan were, Gules, three lioncels passant in pale 
 barry argent, armed azure. Those of Owain Gwynedd were, Vert, three eagles 
 displayed in fess or. — Ed. 
 
 3 After Cadwaladr, the Princes who next undertook the reform of our minstrelsy, 
 were Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, and Gruffudd ab Cynan. It was by them enacted, that 
 no person should follow the profession of Bard or Minstrel, but such only as were 
 
5 
 
 and improved the national music : Himself ; his mother and 
 grandmother were born in Ireland, then the land of harps and 
 harmony ; whence he brought our best tunes, better performers, 
 and a better order of instruments. He regulated also the family 
 pedigrees, and heraldic distinctions of our Countrymen, 
 
 Sus korridus, atraque Tygris. 
 
 Squamosusque Draco, et fulvd cervice Leezna, 
 and established our first game laws. Of his descendants the 
 house of Gwydir^ seems most eminent. Sir John Wynn the 
 historian,^ was no ordinary character. He was made a Baronet 
 on the creation of that honour, and his journey to Court, with 
 the particulars* kept by himself, is curious. He was a man of 
 ability, and learned in the histories of his country, which he 
 much embellished, nor did he neglect his common interest, but 
 was shrewd and successful in his dealings. Hence the people 
 
 admitted by the Eisteddfod, which was held once in three years. They were 
 prohibited from invading each other's province, nor were they permitted to degrade 
 themselves, by following any other occupation. — Lewis Morris MSS. 
 
 ^ Gwydir, from Gwy, aqua, and Tir, terra ; the lands being much subject to be 
 overflowed by the river Cynwy. 
 
 2 The History of the Gwydir Family by Sir John Wynn is of all the works 
 which have been written relating to the general or family history of North 
 Wales the most highly esteemed. It has been published four times — viz., the 
 first edition edited by the Hon. Daines Barrington in 1770 ; its second appear- 
 ance in Mr. Barrington's Miscellanies in 178 1 ; a third edition edited by Miss 
 Angharad Llwyd in 1827; and a fourth by Mr. Askew Roberts in 1878, with Notes 
 by that accomplished genealogist and antiquarian the late W. W. E. Wynne, Esq., 
 of Peniarth. The two last editions contain the portrait of Sir John Wynn from 
 an exceedingly rare engraving by Robert Vaughan, the engraver. — Ed. 
 
 ^ In the possession of the Antiquarian Society. 
 
were led to think he deceived and oppressed them, and it is 
 the superstition of the place to this day, that the spirit of the 
 old gentleman lies under the great water-fall of Rhaiadr y 
 Wennol, or the swallow,^ from its swiftness, there to be punished, 
 purged, spouted upon, and purified from the foul deeds done in 
 his days of nature, 
 
 aliis sub gurgite vasto 
 
 Infectum eluitur scelus, 
 
 He made the amende honorable of that time, and founded an 
 hospital, and endowed a school at Llanrwst, and gave the 
 rectorial tythes of Eglwysfach, to the support of these charities, 
 and left regulations for their government. In 1615 he had 
 incurred the displeasure" of the Court^ of Marches, since the 
 Lord Chancellor Ellesmere is informed by it, that Sir John 
 
 1 But query, Rhaiadr Ewynol = the foaming cataract. — Ed. 
 
 2 He was unjustly charged (as he is pleased to say himself) with procuring a 
 petty riot, and for entering into lands, of which he was the King's farmer. 
 
 s This Court, in the nature of a French Parliament, was first established by 
 Edward the Fourth, who sent his son Edward to reside at Ludlow, where it sate, 
 under the government of his uncle Rivers.* It was confirmed by an Act of 
 Henry the Eighth. The Council, assisting the President, consisted of the Chief 
 Justice of Chester, with the three other then existing Justices of Wales. There 
 were also extraordinary members of Council called in, as the President should 
 think proper. They were allowed six shillings and eight-pence per day, and diet 
 for themselves and their men. " In this Court," says Mr. Lewis, " when it 
 flourished without restraint, as many causes were dispatched in a Term, as in any 
 Court in England, or more, and that he had himself moved in an afternoon above 
 twenty causes, and that the Counsellor for all the motions and pleadings in one 
 cause, in one Term, had but five shillings fee." It was dissolved at the Revolution. 
 
 * The Welsh were so turbulent at this time, that it was thought necessary for some person of high 
 distinction to reside on the borders, to strengthen the civil power. — More, 
 

 
 SIR THOMAS EGEIITON VISCOUNT ilRACKi.E"Y: 
 
 -■'? 
 
 €^?Yi/ ^^///mau/^7. 
 
7 
 
 Wynn Knight and Baronet, is unfit to be continued a member 
 thereof, and that his name should not remain in the commission 
 for Carnarvonshire ; but he made his peace from the sure 
 means^ of that moment. The Court of James was corrupt to 
 an extreme, and beyond the examples of any period. 
 
 Sir John died at the age of seventy- three, and lies buried a.d. 
 at Llanrwst. By his wife Sidney,^ the daughter of Sir William 1626 
 Gerard, Chancellor of Ireland, he had eleven sons and two 
 daughters. His eldest son John was a Knight, and died 
 during his father's life, on his travels at Lucca, at the age of 
 thirty-one. Domestic disagreements are said to have sent him 
 so late abroad. He married Margaret^ daughter of Sir Thomas 
 Cave of Stanford in Northamptonshire, and left no issue He 
 was a man of observation, and some of his foreign letters 
 remain.. The father was succeeded by his son Richard, who was 
 Groom of the Bed-chamber to Prince Charles, and attended 
 him and Buckingham, on their matrimonial excursion to Spain, 
 of which he left a pleasant account.* He became Treasurer to 
 
 ^ See Appendix xii. [By the payment of a bribe of ;^3S0. — Ed.] 
 
 2 Who died 8th June, i6s2.—Ed. 
 ^ "This Lady," says Mr, Pennant, "had four husbands. Her first was Sir 
 John Wynn the younger ; her second of the Milesian race, for she married Sir 
 Francis Aungier, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, afterwards created Baron of 
 Longford. Thirdly she gave her hand to an Englishman, Sir Thomas Wenman 
 of Oxfordshire ; and finally she resigned her antiquated charms to my relation. 
 Major Pennant, a younger son of Downing, who in the year 1656 deposited her 
 with his ancestors in the church of Whitford." 
 
 * Preserved by Thomas Hearne. 
 Sir Richard, in one of his letters to his father from Spain, says, " We may 
 
8 
 
 Queen Henrietta. He built the chapel at Llanrwst, from a 
 design of Inigo [Jones ;^] the roof was not new, and taken from 
 the neighbouring abbey at Maenan. Parts of that fabric may 
 be traced at Gwydir. 
 
 Invenius etiam disjecti membra 
 
 Sir Richard married a Darcy, but died without issue, and 
 was buried at Wimbledon.^ He was succeeded by his brother 
 Sir Owen, who left a son Sir Richard,* who married a daughter 
 of the old cavalier Sir Thomas Middelton of Chirk castle, and 
 had one daughter Mary, the wife of Lord Willoughby, the first 
 Duke of Ancaster. This lady was great grandmother to the 
 present Baroness Willoughby,* married to Lord Gwydir, to whom 
 in her right, the place belongs. The Baronetage continued and 
 
 think ourselves happy, that have everything in Wales, for both of the kingdoms 
 of Castile and Arragon are not worth one of our worst counties." 
 
 1 Inigo Jones, the great architect, was a native of Llanrwst or of the immediate 
 neighbourhood. The fine old bridge at Llanrwst is considered to be his work. — Ed. 
 
 ^ See Appendix xiii. 
 
 3 Sir Richard Wynn is stated to have been Chamberlain to Catherine, Queen 
 of Charles the Second, and to have presented to her Majesty a pearl from the 
 river Conway, which is said at one time to have been a conspicuous object in the 
 royal crown. — Ed. 
 
 * This lady, Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth, in whose favour the abeyance of the 
 Barony of Willoughby de Eresby was terminated by the Crown, i8th March, 1780, 
 was the wife of Sir Peter Burrell, Bart., created Baron Gwydyr, May 28, 1796. 
 Upon the death of her grandson, Alberic twentieth Lord Willoughby de Eresby and 
 third Baron Gwydyr on 26th August, 1 870, the former title again fell into abeyance 
 between his surviving sisters, in favour of the eldest of whom, Clementina 
 Elizabeth, Dowager Lady Aveland, the present Baroness, the abeyance was 
 terminated in 1871, — Ed. 
 
f-lv- 
 
 \^ 
 
 '^< \l 
 
 IST""; . 
 
 Sir Thomas Mibbilkton Kkight. 
 
ended in Sir John Wynn of Wynnstay, the grandson of Sir 
 John of Gwydir, by his tenth son Henry,^ and the heiress of 
 Rhiw goch. Sir John of Wynnstay, married Jane the heiress 
 of Watstay.^ He changed the name as nearer his own, to 
 
 1 Henry Wynn married Catharine, the daughter and heiress of Elizei Lloyd of 
 Rhiw goch, in Merionethshire. Henry was no small pluralist in lay-preferment, and 
 with a kind of law Commendam, he held together the Prothonotaryship of North 
 Wales, was Judge of the Marshalsea, Steward of the Virge, Solicitor General to 
 the Queen (Henrietta), and Secretary to the Court of the Marches. He sat for 
 the County of Merioneth, in the last Parliament of James the first, and died in 
 1 67 1. This gentleman, writing to his father, Sir John, the second of April, 1624, 
 and speaking of Parliamentary business, says, "We sit very hard from seven in the 
 morning until one in the afternoon, and after, from two of the clock in the after- 
 noon until seven, in relation to Recusants, state of the Navy, motion against the 
 Lord Treasurer concerning stamps, used by him in stamping his name, which are 
 left with his men. These some held he might lawfully use, but kept safely by 
 him, as the Keeper doth the Great Seal. I cannot chuse but remember what was 
 said by Sir Peter Mutton of Llannerch, in the House, Sir Edward Coke sitting in 
 the Chair : " That this time, was not the first that stamps were used, for he had 
 heard before he was born, that stamps were used here, in this kingdom." At 
 which the whole House laughed ; which is not to be forgotten in haste. To 
 whom presently Sir Edward Coke called, Sir Peter Stamp. 
 
 ^ She was the daughter and heiress of Eyton Evans of Watstay, by Anne the 
 daughter of Dr. Powel, Vicar of Rhiwabon, the Welsh historian. Eyton Evans 
 was the eldest son of Thomas Evans of Rhiwabon, as Wynnstay was then called, 
 which he altered to Watstay, from its situation on Wat's Dyke. Thomas was 
 the son of Richard Evans, the son of old Thomas Evans of Oswestry, Attorney 
 General in the Court of the Marches. Richard married Mary Eyton, daughter 
 and heiress of Edward Eyton of Rhiwabon. This Edward Eyton was the son 
 of William, the younger brother of John Eyton, who suffered death at Holt, for 
 killing William Hanmer, and died without issue ; on whom a Welsh Englyn was 
 made,* which signifies that in the year 1534 a great grief befel us in the death of 
 
 ♦ It is as follows : — 
 
 " Oed Ner mil a banner mal hyn — mawr alaeth, 
 Marwolaeth Sion Eutyn, 
 Pedair ar ddeg teg at hyn 
 Ar hugain wr rhywiogwyn." — Ed. 
 B 
 
A.D. 
 
 lO 
 
 Wynnstay, and in a manner made the place/ which had been 
 
 the residence in times past of Madog ab Gruffudd Maelor, 
 
 the potent Lord of the Bromfields, and founder of the Abbey 
 
 ■^■"' of Llanegwest. Sir John died at the age of ninety-one, and 
 
 John Eyton, an amiable Man. William, who succeeded his brother John, was 
 the son of John Eyton of Rhiwabon, the son and heir of John ab Ellis Eyton, 
 distinguished for his services at Bosworth, who lies buried at Rhiwabon, and his 
 stone effigy in armour, is ornamented with a collar of S.S.* This John ab Ellis 
 Eyton was the son of another Ellis Eyton, who was the eldest son of John h^n 
 (or the old) of Eyton and Rhiwabon. The last John was Steward of the 
 Lordship of Bromfield and 141, in 1439, and, after the birth of his eldest son Ellis, 
 he was divorced by the church, on the stale ground of consanguinity ; by which 
 ecclesiastical pretence Ellis was made illegitimate, yet he had the Rhiwabon 
 estate given him. The father and mother were again married by licence, and had 
 afterwards issue William Eyton, who in preference to his elder brother, had the 
 Eyton estate, and was ancestor to Edward Eyton Esquire, the present possessor. 
 [The mansion and estate were sold soon after this was written. — Ed.] 
 
 Of the House of Eyton was Madog Eyton of Eyton, Erddlis, and Bersham, 
 who died in 1331, and was buried at Gresford on the feast of St. Matthias. He 
 lies represented in armour in stone, on the south side within the church, in the wall. 
 
 ^ In 1678 Sir John inclosed a park for deer, with a stone wall, at Wynnstay, 
 and at the same time, the avenues of oak, elm, and ash, were planted there. 
 [In 1691 he made the fishpond. — Ed.] 
 
 On the night of the 5th March, 1858, a disastrous fire took place at Wynnstay, 
 which nearly destroyed the old mansion and the greater part of its contents 
 including the valuable collection of MSS., paintings and books, with some 
 exceptions. Many of these treasures can never be replaced. The house has 
 since been rebuilt. — Ed. 
 
 * He was an Esquire by creation, which was the fourth class of Esquires, called white spurs. The 
 Ceremony was, that the King put about his neck a silver collar of Esses, and conferred upon him a pair of 
 silver spurs. The five ancient orders of Esquires were, first, those who are elect for the King's body ; 
 second, Knight's eldest sons ; third, younger sons of the eldest sons of Barons and other nobles of higher 
 estate ; fourth, the white spurs by creation ; and fifth, they who are so by office, and by serving the Prince 
 in any worshipful calling. This title of white spur was hereditary, and belonged only to the heir male of 
 the family. — Prince's Worthies, 
 
Sir Joh:^ W"y]p^]yeBaijT 
 
II 
 
 lies buried at Rhiwabon, under a mass and massacre of marble, 
 ludicrous to look on. He left Wynnstay, and his other estates 
 of great value, to his kinsman Watkin Williams, afterwards 
 Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, the grandfather of my spirited 
 friend of the same name the present possessor.^ Sir John was 
 a man of pleasure in his youth ; late in life he made a visit 
 to the Court, in the early days of Queen Anne, and meeting 
 in the drawing-room after many years absence, his old West- 
 minster school-fellow the Apostolic Beveridge of St. Asaph ; 
 "Ah, Sir John! Sir John!" says the good Bishop to him, 
 " when I knew you first, the Devil was very great with you." 
 'Yes, by Gad, my Lord,' says Sir John, 'and I wish he was 
 half so great with me now.' 
 
 He was an early improver of Welsh gardening, and introduced 
 a small swan egg pear, that is yet very popular and bears 
 his name. 
 
 The house of Llwyn, is of this tribe and family. Maurice 
 Wynn of Gwydir, father of Sir John the historian by his first 
 wife, to his second married Catherine of Beren ; by her he had 
 a son, on whom he settled Llwyn ; from him is descended 
 
 * This was the fifth Baronet, who died 6th January, 1840. He was succeeded by his 
 son, the late Sir Watkin, who died in May, 1885, leaving one surviving daughter and 
 heiress, Louisa Alexandra, who in 1884 had married the heir to the title, her cousin, 
 Herbert Edward Watkin (the present Baronet), second son of Lieut. Col. Herbert 
 Watkin WilHams Wynn, by Anna, daughter of John Lloyd, Esq., of Cefn, a descendant 
 of Cunedda Wledig. Thus, the ancient line of Gwydir and Owain Gwynedd and the 
 Cefn branch of the parent stem of Cunedda Wledig, so long divergent, were once 
 more re-united. — Ed. 
 
A.D, 
 
 12 
 
 Owen Wynn Esquire of that place, the existent male heir of 
 the house of Gwydir.^ 
 
 The Wynns of Berthddu, and Bodysgallen, were of this 
 tribe, and a younger branch of Gwydir, Gruffudd Wynn the 
 younger brother of Maurice, and uncle to Sir John the historian, 
 was settled at Berthddu. He married the daughter of Richard 
 Mostyn of Bodysgallen (the second son of Thomas^ ab Richard 
 ab Hywel ab Jevan Fychan, of Mostyn) and obtained the 
 estate, which hath again reverted to the Mostyn family. The 
 r762 "^^^^ ^^"^ ended in Robert Wynn, who died a batchelor, and 
 his estates fell to Margaret, (the daughter of his brother Dr. 
 Hugh Wynn, and, by her mother, the heiress of Plis hen, 
 
 1 He died in 1780, having been twice married. By his first wife, Ellenor Seele, of 
 Liverpool, he had three sons and one daughter. His two elder sons dying without issue, 
 the Llwyn estate came to the youngest, the Rev. Maurice Wynn, LL.D., Rector of 
 Bangor Iscoed, and Vicar of Wenlock, who died in 1835 ; the last descendant in this 
 line of the Wynn's of Gwydir. The last descendant in the male line of the house of 
 Gwydir was Dr. Rice Wynn, an eminent surgeon at Shrewsbury, who died unmarried 
 in 1846, aged 69. He was lineally descended from Robert Wynn the fourth son of 
 Maurice Wynn of Gwydir by his first wife, Jane, daughter of Sir Richard Bulkeley 
 (Hist, of Powys Fadog, vol. iv., p. 357). — Ed- 
 
 ^ " Thomas ab Richard ab Hywel first took the name of Mostyn, says Mr. Pennant, 
 on this occasion. Rowland Lee, Bishop of Lichfield and President of the Marches, in 
 the reign of Henry the Eighth, sat on a Welsh cause, and wearied with the quantity of 
 Aps on the jury, directed that the panel should assume their last name, or that of their 
 residence ; and that Thomas ab Richard ab Hywel ab Jeuan Fychan, should be reduced 
 in future to the poor dissyllable Mostyn." 
 
 " You may see," says Mr. L. Morris, " in some copies of Gildas Nennius, that the 
 Cambro-British Kings used, on the first coming of the Saxons, the appellation of Mac, 
 instead of Mab or Fab, although now entirely disused in Wales, and preserved only in 
 North-Britain and Ireland. It hath of late sunk into the surname there, as 
 Macpherson, Macdonald ; so Ap, properly ab, from Mab the son, is generally lost in 
 
13 
 
 Corsygedol, and Bodidris,) married to Sir Roger Mostyn of 
 Mostyn. The last Mr. Wynn sat for the boroughs of Carnarvon- 
 shire, and will be remembered in the annals of hospitality for 
 his plentiful long tables and substantial Christmas dinners. He 
 was not so fond of long sermons, especially in cold weather ; 
 and it happened that Bishop Sherlock then of Bangor, his old 
 acquaintance, was on a visit with him at Bodysgallen, on a Sunday, 
 and observing to the Curate at dinner, that he was surprized 
 he had given them no sermon that morning ; " Ah, my Lord," 
 says poor Ellis in his broad simple manner, "had I preached 
 when Master Wynn is in church, I shall have nothing but 
 small beer ; but when I do not preach when Master is in 
 church, I may have my belly- full of ale and welcome." 
 
 The Lloyd's of Rhiwaedog were of this Tribe, and of great 
 extraction. The materna nobilitas was here also considerable, 
 their ancestor Maredudd ab Jeuan, the Eighth from Owain 
 Gwynedd, having married Margaret, the coheiress of Einion^' ab 
 
 Wales, in the surnames Pr^s for Ap Rh;^s, Powel for Ap Howell, Parry for Ap Harry, 
 Ap is the banter of the English, upon our pronunciation of Ab, the true abbreviation 
 from Mab, a son." 
 
 1 Einion ab Ithel was Esquire to the body of John of Gaunt, who gave him a pension 
 of twenty marks from his manor of Halghton in Cheshire, to serve him in Guienne. 
 Ithel, on the death of Walter Lord^Manny, succeeded him as Sheriff of Merionethshire 
 for life. Ithel was in great favour with Henry the Fourth, in the beginning of whose 
 reign he died. Jeuan ab Maredudd had matched his son Maredudd ab Jeuan with the 
 daughter of Ithel, who belonged to the house of Lancaster. Jeuan ab Maredudd the 
 father held stedfastly to that house, when Owain Glynd^r rebelled ; so that in the time 
 of that war he and Hwlkyn Llwyd of Glynllifon had the charge of Carnarvon town, 
 and an English captain was in the castle ; in revenge whereof Owain burned his two 
 houses, Cefn y fan or Ystumcegid, and Cesail Gyfarch. In the continuance of this war, 
 Jeuan ab Maredudd died al Carnarvon, and was brought by sea (for the passage by land 
 was shut up by Owain's forces) to Penmorfa, his parish church, to be buried. Robert 
 
14 
 Ithel ab Gwrgeneu Fychan, ab Gwrgeneu ab Madog, ab Ririd 
 Flaidd.i L^^d of Penllyn, who dwelt at Rhiwaedog. The eldest 
 Son of this match, John Ab Maredudd, was cousin to Owain 
 Tewdwr, and with an hundred gentlemen of North Wales his 
 kinsmen, he went to visit Owain, then in prison at Wysg castle. 
 On his return within two miles of Caerlleon, being beset with 
 enemies, favorers of the House of York, he made an oration to 
 comfort his people, willing them to remember at that time the 
 support of the honor and credit of their ancestors, and concluding 
 
 ab Maredudd, the brother of Jeuan ab Maredudd, taking the contrary side, was out 
 with Owain, as may be gathered by a pardon granted him by Henry the Fourth, and 
 Henry his son, then Prince of Wales. From Robert, who did not marry till near 
 eighty, descended the houses of Gwydir, Cesail G5rfarch, and Hafod L-wyiog ; and Sir 
 John the historian, his descendant, says, he was the elder brother ; from Jeuan ab 
 Maredudd, who was Constable of Cruccaith, the families of Rhiwaedog, Clenenneu, 
 Ystumcegid, Brynkir and Park. It is not material which was the elder brother, the 
 gavelkind and the custom of the country not yielding to the elder any prerogative or 
 superiority. The father of Jeuan and Robert was Maredudd ab Hywel ab Dafydd ab 
 Gruffudd ab Thomas ab Rodri, Lord of Anglesey, ab Owain Gwynedd, as is evident by 
 the Extent of North Wales, in the twenty-sixth of Edward the Third. During Robert 
 ab Maredudd's time, the inheritance, which descended to him and his brother Jeuan, 
 was not parted after the custom of the country, by gavelkind, but Jeuan being married 
 enjoyed both houses, Cefn y fan and Cesail Gyfarch. 
 
 1 Ririd Flaidd, Lord of Penllyn, took his surname of Blaidd (or the Wolf,) from his 
 maternal ancestor Blaidd Rhudd, or the Bloody Wolf, of Gest, near Penmorfa, and in his 
 Arms bore a Wolf passant, &c. Some Welsh verses remain concerning him, which 
 may be thus interpreted (the Poet speaks)* " I have a friendly Wolf, that stands by me 
 to crush the insulting foe. It is not the forest Wolf, scattering the harmless flock, but 
 the Wolf of the field of battle ; though at other times he is mild and liberal." 
 
 From Ririd Flaidd were descended the Lloyds of Rhiwaedog, the Myddeltons of 
 
 Gwaynynog and Chirk Castle, the Vaughans of Glanyllyn, and the Lloyds of 
 
 Glanhavon. 
 
 * " Mae im' flaidd a'ra cSr o'm caffael — wrtho 
 Yn wrtheb archafael ; 
 Nid blaidd coed coll ei afael 
 Namyn blaidd maes, moesawg hael." — Cynddeliu, 
 
15 
 
 that it should never be said in time to come, that there an 
 hundred North Welsh Gentlemen fled, but that the place should 
 carry the name and memory, that there an hundred North Welsh 
 gentlemen were slain. Because some of his kinsmen had brought 
 with them all their sons, and some others had but one son to 
 succeed in their name and inheritance, as Hywel ab Llywelyn ab 
 Hywel and others, he placed all these in the rereward, out of 
 the fury of the fight, whilst all his own sons were in the 
 vanward which himself led, where he was sore wounded in the 
 face, whence he was called 'Squier y Graith, the 'Squire with the 
 scar, to his dying day : But God gave his enemies the over- 
 throw, he opening the passage with his sword. ^ 
 
 Queen Catharine being a Frenchwoman born, the relict of 
 Henry the Fifth, knew no difference between the English and 
 Welsh nations, until her second marriage^ being published, Owain 
 Tewdwr's kindred and countrymen were objected to, to disgrace 
 him as most vile and barbarous, which made her desire to see 
 some of his kinsmen. Whereupon, Owain brought to her presence 
 this John ab Maredudd and Hywel ab Llywelyn his near cousins, 
 and men of goodly stature and personage, but wholly destitute 
 of bringing up and nurture ; for when the Queen had spoken 
 
 1 Gwydir History. 
 
 2 Soon after the death of Henry the Fifth, his widow Catharine became enamoured 
 by the manly graces of Owain Tewdwr. His introduction was singular : He being a 
 courtly and active gentleman was commanded once to dance before the Queen, and in a 
 turn, not being able to recover himself, fell into her lap as she sate on a Uttle stool with 
 many of her ladies about her. — Drayton's Epistles. 
 
i6 
 
 to them in different languages, and they were not able to answer 
 her, she said they were the goodliest dumb creatures that ever 
 she saw. 
 
 At this time there happened some difference between William 
 Griffith of Penrhyn, Chamberlain of North Wales, and John ab 
 Maredudd, who both bore chief rule in the country; the one 
 by reason of his authority, that all should reverence and obey 
 him, the other in regard of his descent, kindred, and ability, 
 acknowledging none but the Prince his superior ; hence grew the 
 debate : 
 
 nee Ccesar ferre priorem, 
 
 Pompeiusve parent 
 
 To John ab Maredudd his kindred and friends cleaved steadfastly, 
 like courageous men : so then it began to be a proverb or 
 phrase, to call the family of Owain Gwynedd Tylwyth John ab 
 Maredudd, the race of John ab Maredudd. This variance 
 continued in their posterity long after, till with matches and 
 continuance of time it was worn out.-' 
 
 Our valiant countryman married Gwenhwyfar, daughter of 
 Gronw ab Jeuan of Gwynfryn. By her he had five sons. 
 Morys ab John ab Maredudd, the eldest, had Clenenneu, 
 Rhiwaedog and Park, and married Angharad, the daughter of 
 Ellis ab Gruffudd ab Einion ab Gruffudd ab Cynfrig ab Osbern^ 
 
 1 Gwydir History. 
 
 2 Osbern Fitzgerald was a branch of the Desmond Fitzgeralds, who were settled in 
 Ireland, and descended from Gerald, Constable of Windsor, a military attendant on 
 
17 
 
 Fitzgerald. By her he had three sons ; William Llwyd of 
 Rhiwaedog ; Ellis who had Clenenneu, and was Sheriff of 
 Merioneth in 1541 ; and Robert who had Park. The Llwyds 
 were extinct in the male line in William Lloyd, whose sister was 
 the mother of the present William Lloyd Dolben Esquire, of 
 Rhiwaedog.^ 
 
 The Morices^ of Clenenneu were descended from Ellis, the 
 second son of Morys ab John ab Maredudd. Sir William 
 
 William the Conqueror. Osbern is called Gwyddel, or the Irishman. He came into- 
 Wales in the time of Llywelyn the Great, and was much favoured by that Prince. 
 From Osbern are descended the Vaughans of Corysgedol, the Wynns of Maes y 
 Neuadd, the Yales of lal, the Wynns of Glyn in Ardudwy, whose daughter, and 
 heiress Margaret married Sir Robert Owen of Clenenneu, Llanddyn and Porkington, 
 the grand father to the late Robert Godolphin Owen Esquire. 
 
 [The Vaughans of Corsygedol became extinct in the male line upon the death in 1791 
 of Evan Lloyd Vaughan, Esq., M.P. for Merioneth. William Wynn of Maesyneuadd 
 (Sheriff for Merioneth in 1758) assumed the surname of Nanney. His grandson, John 
 Nanney, the last of this line died in 1868. Sarah Yale the last of the direct line of 
 the family of Yale, of Plas yn Yale, by her Will, proved in 1821, entailed the Plis yn 
 Yale estate upon William, fourth son of Thomas Parry Jones Parry, Esq., M.P., of 
 Madryn, her mother's grandnephew, who assumed the name of Yale, and was succeeded 
 by his nephew, William Corbet Yale, Esq., the present owner. Robert Godolphin 
 Owen's niece and heiress, Mary Jane Ormsby, in 1815, married William Gore, Esq.^ 
 who assumed the name of Ormsby before his own. of Gore. Their eldest son, John 
 Ralph Ormsby Gore, was, in 1876, created Baron Harlech. The name of Porkington 
 has now been restored to its original form, Brogyntyn. — -S/.] 
 
 ^ Rhiwaedog is in the parish of Llanfor, near Bala. The mansion house, and a 
 remnant of the estate, subsequently became vested by descent in two ladies of the name of 
 lies, by the survivor of whom they were bequeathed to Mrs. Price, of Rhiwlas. The 
 present owner is R. J. Lloyd Price, Esq., of Rhiwlas. The Lloyd's of Plasyndre, and 
 other families in the neighbourhood of Bala, are descended from this ancient stock. — Bd. 
 
 ^ Sir William Morice, Secretary of State to Charles the second, and an instrument 
 in his Restoration, was the son of Evan Morice, a younger brother of Clenenneu, 
 settled in Devonshire. Sir William was succeeded in his great office by another of our 
 countrymen. Sir John Trevor, of the house of Trefalyn, 
 
 c 
 
i8 
 
 Morice of this house married the daughter and heiress of the 
 Lacons of Llanddyn and Porkington, and the heiress of the three 
 houses married John Owen (fourth son of Robert Owen, of 
 Bodsilin,) of the Tribe of Hwfa ab Cynddelw. This gentleman 
 had been Secretary to Walsingham, and made a fortune of ten 
 thousand pounds, when his great master left not wherewith to bury 
 him. The eldest son of this match was the memorable Sir John 
 Owen of Porkington, Llanddyn and Clenenneu, of whom I shall 
 speak under his proper Tribe. From Robert, the third son of 
 Morys ab John ab Maredudd, came the Anwyls of Park. They 
 ended in an heiress, Catharine, who married Sir Gruffudd 
 Williams of Marl and Pantglis, a younger branch of Penrhyn. 
 Anne, their daughter and heiress, was maid of honor to Queen 
 Caroline ; was first married to Sir Thomas Prendergast of the 
 Kingdom of Ireland, and secondly to a gentleman of the same name 
 and nation. She died without issue, and her estates have passed 
 ^T]0 away in different alienations. Of a younger branch of Clenenneu, 
 was Andrew Morice D.D., the twenty -sixth Dean of St. Asaph. 
 ^_jj_ He was instituted to the Deanery on the nomination of Sir 
 1634 Morice Abbot, Executor to Archbishop Abbot, who had made it an 
 option. He was ejected from this and his other preferments by the 
 Parliament, and dying in 1654 was buried in the Cathedral at St. 
 Asaph. After his death this dignity lay vacant till the Restoration. 
 He left a son, David Morice, D.D., who held the Vicarages of Bettws^ 
 
 1 The Vicarage House at Bettws is remarkably small, and was built by the joint efiforts 
 of Sampson Roberts, and Jones, two of its Vicars ; 
 
 Stare nequit uno cardine tanta Domus. 
 
19 
 
 and Abergele. He is buried in the churchyard of the former . ^ 
 place, with the arms of Owain Gwynedd engraved on his stone, 1692 
 exploding as the rest of his Tribe the bearings of the Founder. 
 
 The Llwyds of Esclusham and Dulaseu, Baronets, of this 
 Tribe, descend from Dafydd Goch of Penmachno. The first 
 Baronet, Sir Richard Lloyd, was governor of Holt Castle in the 
 civil wars of the last [17th] century, and defended it vigorously, but 
 without effect, against General Mytton. The estates passed to 
 coheiresses; Mary married to Sir [Harry] Conway of Bodryddan, 
 Jane, to Lewis Owen of Peniarth, and Anne to Edward 
 Ravenscroft of Bretton. 
 
 Of a younger son of Dulaseu was descended Humphrey Lloyd, 
 Bishop of Bangor and Vicar of Gresford. He built the good sub- 
 stantial brick house'^ there, which with the church hath been much 
 improved by my old friend, its worthy incumbent.^ The Bishop 
 built his house in the form of a cross, and the windows con- 
 sisted of three lights in each window. Since the year 1576, 
 this church has had four Episcopal Vicars ; Bishop Hughes^ of 
 
 [An old rhyme says of the old Vicarage of Bettws yn Rhos : — 
 " Vicar Jones and Vicar Sampson, 
 Joined their pence to build this mansion." 
 An excellent Vicarage house was built in 1861, on a new site, at a cost of about £i,']oo, 
 in lieu of the old one above referred to. — Ed.'] 
 
 ^ See Appendix xiv. 
 
 2 The Rev. Henry Newcome, a nephew of Bishop Newcome, for nearly 40 years 
 Vicar of Gresford. The Vicarage was rebuilt by Archdeacon Wickham, Vicar, in 1850, 
 at a cost of about ;^2,Soo. — JSd. 
 
 ^ Bishop Hughes was of the house of Cefn Garlleg, of the Tribe of Marchudd ; was 
 Bishop of St. Asaph in 1573, and died in 1600, and was succeeded by the translator 
 
20 
 
 A.D. 
 
 St. Asaph, Bishop Bellot^ of Chester, Bishop Parry of St. Asaph, 
 and Bishop Lloyd of Bangor.^ Dr. Lloyd was the third son 
 of Richard Lloyd D.D. Vicar of Rhiwabon, and was born at 
 1610 Trawsfynydd. He was, says Wood, a great tutor at Oriel, and 
 becoming known to his countryman Archbishop Williams, when 
 the King and Court were settled at Oxford, he was the means 
 of his preferment. Bishop Lloyd died in 1688, and was buried 
 at Bangor, 
 
 Morgan. Hughes left lands and revenues for founding a Free-school at St. Asaph. He 
 procured a faculty from the Archbishop of Canterbury, to hold the Archdeaconry of 
 St. Asaph and other benefices, to the value of fifty pounds per annum, in Commendam. 
 The Archdeaconry has since that time been annexed to the Bishoprick. Bishop 
 Hughes (Strype says) held, in consequence of the faculty above mentioned, sixteen 
 Livings, seven with Cures and nine Sinecures at the same time ; that is to say, he had 
 Llysfaen in 1573, Castell Caer Einion in 1574, Cwmm in 1574, Gresford in 1577, 
 Llandrinio in 1577, Bettws yn Rhos in 1577, Meifod in 1578, Llandrillo in Edeyrnion 
 in 1582, Llanycil in 1582, Abergele in 1582, Llandrillo yn Rosin 1583, Llangwm in 
 1585, Whitford in 1587, Mallwyd in 1587, Llanfawr in 1588, and Llanr^st in 1592. 
 The amount of these livings at this time would be 4000I. per annum. 
 
 1 Bishop Bellot was translated from Bangor, to Chester. He died at Berse Hall, or 
 Plas Power, in 1596, and lies buried in the Chancel at Wrexham. He was employed 
 by Elizabeth, as one of the English BibUcal Translators. It was some time before the 
 Clergy had shaken off their monastic austerities, and Bellot would on no account admit 
 a female into his family. Orator Herbert [George Herbert the poet], of Cambridge 
 {brother to the first Lord Herbert of Cherbury) in his book of Rules to Country 
 Parsons, lays it down, " That if he be unmarried and keep house, he hath not a woman 
 in the house, but finds opportunities of having his meat dressed, and other services done 
 by men servants at home, and his linen washed abroad." There was an old Divine not 
 long since living in Anglesey, of such transparent purity, that he would not suffer his 
 shirts either at home or abroad, to be washed in the same tub with the women's shifts. 
 
 2 To these may be added Dr. Narcissus Marsh, Vicar in 1689, who, the following 
 year, became Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, and subsequently Archbishop of Cashel, 
 Dublin and Armagh in succession. — Ed. 
 
21 
 
 A.D. 
 
 The Brynkers of Brynker were of this Tribe. They descended 
 from Rodri, Lord of Anglesey, the second son to Owain Gwynedd 
 by his second marriage. Their Ancestor Jeuan, the second^ son 
 of the vahant John ab Maredudd, was settled by his father at 
 Brynker, an estate since alienated to the Wynns of Wern." 
 From this house the good Lord Lyttelton on his Welsh tour, j^cc 
 writes to Archibald Bower, and says playfully : " But what Bala 
 is most famous for, is the beauty of it's women, and indeed I 
 saw there one of the prettiest girls* I ever beheld ; but such 
 is my virtue that I have kissed none since I came to Wales, 
 except an old maiden lady, a sister of Mr. Brynker, at whose 
 house I now lodge, and who is the ugliest woman of her 
 quality in Great Britain ; but I know a Duchess or two, I 
 should be still more afraid of kissing than her." 
 
 ^ The third son, Robert, was slain in his father's time, in a fray near Ruthyn. Thus 
 says the Gwydir Historian : " The Thelwals* of Ruthyn, being ancient gentlemen of 
 that country, who came into it with the Lord Grey, on whom King Edward the First 
 bestowed the country of DyfFryn Clwyd, were in contention with a septe or hundred of 
 that country, called the family of GrufFudd Goch. These being more in number than 
 the Thelwals, although the Thelwals carried the whole offices of the country under the 
 Lord there, the Lord of Kent, then treasurer of England, drave the Thelwals to take 
 to the castle of Ruthyn for their defence, where they besieged them, until the siege was 
 raised by John ab Maredudd, his sons and kindred, to whom the Thelwals sent for aid. 
 In that exploit, Robert, the third son of John ab Maredudd, was slain by an arrow in a 
 wood, called Coed Marchan, within view of the Castle of Rhuthyn ; in revenge 
 whereof many of the other side were slain, both at that time and afterwards. Owain, 
 the fourth son of John ab Maredudd, was settled at Ystumcegid, and Gruffudd at 
 Isallt. 
 
 2 It was afterwards sold to Sir Joseph Huddart, Kt. — Ed. 
 
 ^ This gentlewoman is still living [about 1790]. 
 
 * Of this house was Thelwal who published his digest of Writs. 
 
22 
 
 The Gethins of Fedw ddg now extinct were of this Tribe. 
 The first that bore the name was Rh5^s Gethin,^ or the swarthy, 
 ugly, terrible ; he was brother to Hywel Coetmor, who anciently 
 possessed Gwydir, sold by his son Dafydd to Maredudd ab Jeuan, 
 Welsh nephew, or first cousin once removed, to the renowned 
 John ab Maredudd, and ancestor to the Wynns of Gwydir. 
 Hywel lies (with his efiigy in armour) in Llanri^st church. 
 Rh^^s and Hywel were the sons of GrufFudd,* the son of Dafydd 
 G6ch of Penmachno, the natural son of Dafydd, Lord of 
 Denbigh, the brother of our last Prince Llywelyn. Dafydd, who 
 resided at Denbigh, was seized near the place by his own 
 Countrymen, and carried laden with irons to Edward the First, 
 then at Rhuddlan ; thence he was taken before the Parliament 
 sitting at Shrewsbury. At this august assembly, was tried and 
 condemned Dafydd. His perfidy to Edward, and his treasons to 
 his country,' rendered him an object of detestation to all. Eleven 
 Earls and an hundred Barons were commissioned to try him, as 
 a subject of England, for he had received from Edward an 
 English Barony,^ and a pension. He was the first who suffered 
 
 ''■ Rhj^s Gethin lived in the parish of Bettws y Coed near Llanr'^st, at a place called 
 to this day Hendre Rh^s Gethin ; it is a little above Pont y Pair. His two sons, Hywel 
 and Jeuan, had their residence on each side the river Lleder near Cromlech Hwfa, above 
 Llanr^st. Jeuan had a house also at Penman maen, in the Parish of Dolwyddelan^ 
 
 ^ There is a stone figure of this Gruffudd, recumbent in armour, in the church of 
 Bettws y Coed, with this inscription ; 
 
 JItc jacei Gruffudd ab Davydd G6ch. 
 Agnus Dei, 
 miserere mei. 
 
 ^ In the Writ for the trial of this Prince, Edward paints his ingratitude pathetically, 
 " Quern susceperamus orphanum, ditaveramus de propriis terris nostris, et sub alarum 
 
23 
 
 the death of a traitor, in the form of the sentence now in use, 
 which he underwent in it's fullest extent; and his head, with 
 that of his brother Llywelyn, was exposed on the highest pinnacle 
 of the Tower of London.* 
 
 Gruffudd's encomiast, the Friar,'' thus concludes his history. 
 " Full oft the Earls of Chester met him and were defeated ; 
 full oft the men of Powys attempted his overthrow, but without 
 effect. The friends of Trahaern projected his destruction, but 
 could not prevail. At length he sat on a peaceful throne, surrounded 
 with wealth and prosperity, and conducted the public with 
 success. He lived in friendship with the neighbouring Kings ; 
 Henry the First King of England, Morchath of Ireland, and 
 the King of Denmark and the Isles. His fame extended to 
 distant as well as adjacent countries. North Wales wore a 
 flourishing aspect. The people were employed in building castles, 
 in raising churches, planting trees, orchards and gardens, and 
 
 nostrarum chlamyde foveramus ; ipsum inter Majores nostri Palatii collocavimus." 
 This last favor was made his destruction. By his acceptance of the Barony (Frodsham 
 in Cheshire) he was held liable to be tried and condemned by the Peers of England. 
 Cromwel pursued the same rule with the Duke of Hamilton, as Earl of Cambridge, 
 and to a similar effect. 
 
 1 Pennant. 
 
 ^ Gruifudd ab Cynan his troublesome life and famous acts are compiled in Welsh, 
 says Sir John Wynn, by a most ancient Friar, or Monk of Wales ; and, continues the 
 historian, this was found by the posterity of the said GrufFudd in the house of Gwydir, 
 and at the request of Maurice Wynn Esquire,* who had the same written in a most 
 ancient book, and was lineally descended from him, was translated into Latin by 
 Nicholas Robinson, Bishop of Bangor. [This translation, in his own handwriting, is 
 preserved at Peniarth, and a transcript of the Welsh text, and of the Latin, was made 
 by the late Canon Williams, of Rhydycroesau, and published in Arch. Cambrensis 
 
 for i?,ee.—Ed.-\ 
 
 * Sir John's father. 
 
24 
 
 protecting them with fences and ditches. They repaired ruined 
 fabrics, and adopted the Roman method of husbanding the produce 
 of the soil. Gruffudd founded churches near his principal 
 residences ; his halls and entertainments were distinguished by 
 their grandeur and magnificence. North Wales glittered with 
 churches, as the firmament with stars. Gruffudd governed the 
 people with a steady sceptre, and maintained peace with the 
 neighbouring kingdoms. His sons, who were yet but young, he 
 placed on the frontiers of the State, to guard and defend it 
 against the bordering nations, who should renew hostilities against 
 him. The petty Princes repaired to his Court, when they were 
 reduced to distress by foreign powers, to solicit his advice and 
 protection. He was at length overtaken by old age, which 
 deprived him of his sight. Thinking he had secured by his 
 victories the esteem and admiration of posterity, he devoted him- 
 self to works of charity, and once thought of monastic retirement, 
 that he might lead a life of prayer, and manifest his contempt 
 of temporal grandeur. Perceiving his dissolution to approach, he 
 called for his sons, put his affairs in order, and prepared for 
 death after the example of King Hezekias. His goods he divided, 
 and his justice will endure for ever. He left a legacy of 
 twenty shillings to Christ-church in Dublin, where he was born 
 and educated, and the same sum to all the principal churches in 
 Ireland. He bequeathed twenty shillings to the church of St. 
 David, and to the Monastery at Chester, but more to the 
 Monastery of Bangor; ten shillings to Holyhead, the same to 
 Penmon, to Celynnog, to Enlli, to Meifod, Llanarmon, Dinerth, 
 and many other principal churches. He did not forget the 
 
25 
 
 Bishop, Archdeacon, and the rest of the Priests of Bangor, and 
 bound them by legacies to defend the Holy Spirit, the searcher 
 and knower of all things. Then David the Bishop, Simeon the 
 Archdeacon, a man of mature age and experience, the Prior of 
 Chester, with many other religious and learned men, came to 
 anoint his body with oil, in conformity to the injunctions of the 
 Apostle James. His sons were among them, and he blessed 
 them and foretold their fortune, and what peculiar character each 
 would support, and as the Patriarch Jacob did on taking his 
 dying leave of his sons in Egypt. And he solemnly enjoined 
 them to combat their enemies with vigor and constancy, after 
 the examples he had set them. 
 
 Angharad his Queen was present, to whom he bequeathed one 
 half of his personal estate, with two Rhandir or portions in land, 
 and the customs at Abermenai. His daughters and nephews 
 were also present, and he left to each a legacy sufficient to 
 their maintenance. 
 
 The Welsh, the Irish, and the men of Denmark, lamented 
 Gruffudd, as the Jews mourned for Joshua the son of Nun. 
 He was eighty-two years old, and was buried on the left side ^'^^ 
 of the great altar at Bangor. And let us pray that his soul 
 may enjoy rest in the bosom of God, with the souls of other 
 pious and good Kings, for ever. Amen. 
 
 Gruffudd in his person, was of moderate stature, having yellow 
 hair, a round face, and a fair and agreeable complexion, eyes 
 rather large, light eyebrows, a comely beard, a round neck, white 
 skin, strong limbs, long fingers, straight legs, and handsome feet. 
 
 D 
 
 A.D. 
 
26 
 
 He was moreover skilful in divers languages, courteous and civil 
 to his friends, fierce to his enemies, and resolute in battle ; of 
 a passionate temper, and fertile imagination. 
 
 He married Angharad, the daughter of Edwyn ab Grono, the 
 founder of the tribe of that name ; and by her had three sons 
 and five daughters.^ Our Friar in his singular and digressive 
 manner, thus describes her : She was an accomplished person ; 
 her hair was long and of a flaxen colour, her eyes large and 
 rolling, and her features brilliant and beautiful. She was tall 
 and well proportioned, her leg and foot handsome, her fingers 
 long, and her nails thin and transparent. She was good tempered, 
 cheerful, discreet and witty, gave advice as well as alms to her 
 needy dependants, and never transgressed the laws of duty. 
 
 ^ His sons were Cadwallon (who was slain in his father's lifetime), Owain Gwynedd, 
 and Cadwaladr ; his daughters' names were Gwenllian, Marred, Rannilld, Susanna, and 
 Annes. — Ed. 
 
 P.S. — Inigo Jones's birthplace — see ante p. 8 note. It is often stated by biographers 
 of this eminent architect that he was born in London, where his father carried on 
 business as a clothworker ; but it has always been a tradition generally accepted in the 
 neighbourhood of Llanrwst, that he was born either at that town, or at Dolwyddelan. 
 Barrington adds that in his time, the tradition was so circumstantial as to suppose that 
 he was christened by the name of Ynyr^ which after his travels into Italy he exchanged 
 for Inigo as sounding better. (See Introduction to History of the Gwydir Family. J — Ed. 
 
RHYS AB TEWDWR. 
 
 1 HE Founder of our second royal tribe was Rh;J's ab Tewdwr, 
 distinguished by the name of Mawr/ or the Great. In him the 
 legal succession of South Wales was restored.^ He was more- 
 over the choice of the people, on the murder of the usurper 
 Rh^s ab Owain. With Gruffudd ab Cynan' he shared the 
 victory at Carno ; and the fortunes of that field, set them both 
 on their hereditary thrones. His first adversities had a slight 
 beginning, which in the end led to his destruction. Einion and 
 Llywelyn, sons of the Lord of Dyfed and chiefs of some 
 eminence in South Wales revolted, but were defeated, and fled; 
 Einion to lestyn ab Gwrgant* Lord of Glamorgan, whom Rh^^^s 
 
 1 Major. 
 
 * Rh^s was the son of Tewdwr, the son of Einion, the son of Owain, the eldest son 
 of Hywel Dda, the legal Prince of South Wales ; but elected to the North in preference 
 to the sons of Idwal foel, the right heirs. [He resided at Dinefor Castle. — Ed.'} 
 
 8 Gruffudd ab Cynan had landed from Ireland at Port cl^s,* near St. David's. Rh^s, 
 defeated by Trahaern, had taken sanctuary at that place ; and hearing of Gruffudd's 
 arrival, he went with all the clergy to meet him ; and, falling on his knees, implored 
 his help against his adversaries, promising to do him homage, and to reward him with a 
 moiety of his revenues. Gruffudd, pitying his condition, yielded to his request ; and 
 having together overthrown their common enemy, Rh^s was put into quiet possession 
 of South Wales. — Panton Papers. 
 
 * In the year 1091, lestyn, Lord of Glamorgan, rebelling against Rhj>s ab Tewdwr, 
 Prince of South Wales, invited many Barons and Knights out of England to his aid, 
 when, joining his power to them, he led them to Brecknock. Then Bleddyn ab 
 
 * Port CI^s near St. David's meant only some fortified spot in that neighbourhood, quasi pars pro toto. 
 It is a name borrowed from the English Portcullis, and that from the Latin Porta clausa. 
 
28 
 
 had raised to a royal tribe. Him Einion^ associated in rebellion, 
 and together they brought the Normans under Robert Fitzhamon, 
 a Baron of England, and gentleman of the chamber to William 
 Rufus, and with his council and concurrence. The old and 
 gallant Rh^s met* them near Brecknock, was unsuccessful, and 
 
 Maenyrch, Lord of Brecknock, whose wife was sister to Rh^s, sent instantly to him for 
 succour ; when making the best levy he could on the sudden, he came forthwith to 
 Brecknock, and joined himself with Bleddyn and his men ; and being far less in number 
 than their adversaries, they very unadvisedly fought a most dismal battle to all South 
 Wales ; for they both falling by the sword, left it a prey to strangers, and the welfare 
 of their children at the mercy of their enemies. Then Bernard Newmarch, or 
 Newmarket, a Norman, seized upon the Lordship of Brecknock, the possession of which 
 remained in his blood until the time of Henry the Eighth, when, by the attainder of 
 the last Edward Stafford it came to the Crown. — Panton Papers. 
 
 ^ Einion, a discontented Welsh nobleman, persuades lestyn, Lord of Morganwg (or 
 Glamorgan) to implore aid from England against Rh^s, Prince of South Wales. Led 
 by Robert Fitzhamon, twelve Knights (namely, de Londres, Grenville, Turburville, St. 
 Quintin, Seward, Umphreville, BerkeroUes, Sully, Le Soer, Le Fleming, St. John and 
 Sterling) with their followers, willingly attended the call ; defeat Prince Rh^s, and are 
 nobly rewarded by lestyn. They were on the point of departing and on shipboard, 
 when Einion (whom lestyn had treated ungratefully) persuades them to return, and to 
 revenge his cause, by driving the thankless Welsh Lord from his dominions. This 
 they accomplished, and allotted to Einion the craggy and mountainous districts, and 
 kept possession of the rest, settling their families in the country. This Colony with 
 the Flemings settled by Henry the First in Pembrokeshire, proved fatal to the indepen- 
 dence of South Wales. 
 
 ^ Queis iter aggressis, occurrit Rhesus in armis ; 
 Undique concurrunt acies ; pugna aspera surgit, 
 Ingruit armorum rabies ; sternuntur utrinque ; 
 Sternitur Haymonis pubes, sternuntur et Angli, 
 Proque focis, Cambri, dum vos certatis, et aris : 
 Acriter et pugnans, medio cadit agmine Rhesus, 
 Cum quo totus honor cecidit, regnumque Silurum. — Pentarchia. 
 
 This battle is stated by the best authorities to have taken place in 1089. It was 
 fought at a place called Hirwaen Wrgant. The aged and gallant prince was pursued 
 
29 
 
 fell gloriously in the ninetieth year of his age, and the fourteenth 
 of his reign. By his wife the dai:ighter of Rhiwallon, the 
 brother of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, he left two sons ; Gruffudd, who 
 succeeded him, and Grono, at the time of his father's death a 
 prisoner in England, where he died. 
 
 With Rh5>^s sunk the sun of South Wales, and all its glories; 
 his successor Gruffudd being stiled Lord only of that country. 
 He was sent for security to Ireland, where he remained till he 
 was twenty -five years of age. He came then secretly to South 
 Wales, to visit his sister N^st, the beautiful mistress of Henry 
 the First, and who brought him his eminent son Robert of 
 Gloucester.* She was now married to Gerald de Windsor, by the 
 favor of Henry, Constable of Pembroke. Gruffudd remained in 
 South Wales, till he raised the suspicions of Henry, who 
 
 and taken in Glyn Rhoddni, now generally called Rhondda, and beheaded at a place 
 called from that circumstance Pen Rhys ; being then upwards of ninety-two years of 
 age, not as stated in the text, in his ninetieth year. A monastery was subsequently 
 erected at Pen Rhys to commemorate his death. An Eisteddfod was held there in the 
 time, and under the protection of Owen Glyndwr. Rhys ab Tewdwr's arms were : Gules, 
 a lion rampant or within a bordure indented. — Ed. 
 
 1 Her beauty had excited Owain, the wicked son of Cadwgan ab Bleddyn, to an 
 atrocious act. He burst into the castle of Pembroke by night, and carried off Nest 
 and her children to Powys, her husband escaping very narrowly ; and the castle was 
 left in flames. Whether she yielded to the ravisher from choice or necessity is left in 
 doubt ; but Owain sent back to Gerald his children at her request. 
 
 * Robert Earl of Gloucester was very eminent as a soldier, as a statesman, and scholar. 
 He was the instrument of restoring his nephew, Henry, to the throne of England, 
 altho' that event took place after Gloucester's death. Geof&ey of Monmouth dedicates 
 to him his Latin translation of Tysilio ; and Robert was a general friend to learning, 
 and learned men, in that early age of English literature. William of Malmsbury, the 
 Poet and historian, was patronized by him. 
 
30 
 
 engaged Cynan Prince of North Wales, the father in law and 
 great uncle to Gruffudd, to seize and imprison his son and 
 nephew. 
 
 Gruffudd fled to the church of Aberdaron, and Cynan attempting 
 to force the sanctuary, was resisted by the Clergy, which gave 
 Gruffudd time to escape and to reach the wilds of Ustrad-Towi. 
 Here he collected his friends, sallied forth, and destroyed the 
 possessions of the English. He extended his ravages to Dyfed, 
 attacked Carmarthen, demolished the town and dismantled the castle; 
 but attempting Aberystwyth, was surprized, defeated, and driven 
 again within the wilderness of Ustrad-Towi. Henry once more 
 attempted his destruction.^ I find him next restored to his favor, 
 but on a false accusation was ejected from lands which that 
 Prince had given him. 
 
 ^ Henry engaged the wicked Owain ab Cadwgan to assasinate Gruffudd, or to make 
 him prisoner. Robert of Gloucester, the nephew of Gruffudd, by his sister Nest, was 
 employed in the same service. Owain, at the head of an hundred men, on entering the 
 forest at Ustrad-Towi, perceived the footsteps of men ; he pursued, killed some, and 
 dispersed the rest ; then seizing on their cattle, he returned with his plunder towards 
 the main body. At this time Gerald, the Constable of Pembroke, made his appearance, 
 intending to join the King's forces. Meeting the people who had fled from Owain, they 
 complained of the injury they had just received, and implored his assistance. In an 
 instant the idea of revenge rushed on his mind for the insults his honor had received by 
 the outrage Owain had committed on his wife. He instantly entered the forest in 
 pursuit of that Chief, who, being warned by his followers of the approaching danger, 
 refused to fly, confident that his pursuers intended him no injury, they like himself 
 being vassals of the King of England. As soon as Gerald and his forces drew near, 
 they discharged a volley of arrows. Owain finding his mistake, with much spirit called 
 on his men to support him, telling them, that, though their enemies were seven to one 
 in number, they were only Flemings, who would be affrighted at the name of a Welsh- 
 man, and distinguished by nothing but drinking deep at carousals. On the first onset. 
 
31 
 
 On the accession of Stephen, hostilities were renewed, and ^ ^ 
 Gruffudd solicited the aid of North Wales to recover his 113^ 
 inheritance. Accordingly he went into that country, and in his 
 absence, his wife, Gwenllian, a woman of an high spirit, collected 
 her friends, and with her sons entered Cydweli, the land which 
 the ancestors of Maurice de Londres had ravished from her 
 family. Gruffudd ab Llywelyn, who commanded for Maurice, and 
 was an enemy to Gruffudd, met Gwenllian, and a bloody scene 
 ensued, wherein Gwenllian^ and her son Morgan, were defeated 
 and slain, and her son Maelgwn made prisoner. 
 
 In the succeeding year Gruffudd, in concert with Owain and 
 Cadwaladr^ the sons of Gruffudd ab Cynan, made a successful 
 irruption on South Wales, and returned with a large booty f no 
 light object in the warfare of that period.* 
 
 Owain ab Cadwgan was slain, an arrow having pierced his heart. His death dispirited 
 his followers, and gave them so great distrust of the King's forces, that they dispersed 
 and returned into their own country. In this manner, says Warrington, died suitably 
 to the tenor of his life, this bold and profligate Chieftain. 
 
 ^ The place where this battle was fought, is to this day called, Maes Gwenllian, 
 Gwenllian's Field. Warrington (but he speaks doubtfully) thinks Gwenllian was taken 
 and beheaded after the battle. But I hope that was not the case : 
 
 Nullum mentor abile nomen 
 
 Fcemined in pcend est, nee Jiahet victoria laudem, 
 
 * Cadwaladr's daughter had married Anarawd, the son of Gruffudd ab Rh^s. A 
 
 violent dispute having arisen between the father and the son in law (who were in the 
 
 relation of uncle and nephew also) it was decided by single combat, in which Anarawd 
 
 fell; 
 
 animosus Anarawd 
 
 A socero casus Pentarchia. 
 
 ^ praedae et spoliorum ardebat amore. 
 
 * In this expedition they had a conflict with the Flemish, the Normans, and the 
 English, near Cardigan ; in which the latter were defeated, and lost three thousand 
 
32 
 
 This year (says Powel) died Gruffudd ab Rh^s ab Tewdwr, 
 
 1 137 "the light, honor and support of South Wales;" who by his 
 
 wife Gwenllian, the daughter of Gruffudd ab Cynan, had Rh^s 
 his son who succeeded. 
 
 Our Chroniclers are encomiastic of this character. The Lord 
 Rh;^s ab Gruffudd, say they, "was no less remarkable in courage 
 than in the stature and lineaments of his body, wherein he 
 excelled most men." In 1143 he distinguished himself against 
 the Normans, and Flemish, in Dyfed. His life was a continued 
 warfare, too much engaged against his countrymen and relations; 
 exhausting the national strength in domestic hostilities.^ On 
 the submission of North Wales to the Second Henry, and 
 in the pacification which ensued, Rh5>^s was not included, but 
 alone supported himself against the English, and obtained terms 
 from them. In the absence of Henry in Normandy, RhJ^s 
 renewed the war, encouraged by the Welsh prophecies, that the 
 King would not return. Henry however was soon in South 
 
 men. In consequence of this event the Countess of Clare, the sister of the Earl of 
 Chester, a widow lady singularly handsome, was left in a castle attended by many 
 female attendants, distant from every friend, and surrounded by the Welsh, who 
 menaced her with every possible indignity. The poor Countess and her damsels had 
 already felt each horror by anticipation, when they were unexpectedly relieved by the 
 romantic gallantry of Milo Fitzwalter, who encouraged by King Stephen and 
 accompanied by a few chosen warriors, rode night and day to the beleaguered fortress, 
 and although he found it environed by numbers of Welsh, brought away the Ladies 
 inviolate. — Gerald Camh. 
 
 Few anecdotes redound more to the honor of that spirit of chivalry, which almost 
 alone illumined the gloom of the early Centuries. — /. P. A. 
 
 ^ ne tanta animis assuescite bella : 
 
 Neu patriae validas in viscera vertite vires. 
 
A.D. 
 
 33 
 
 Wales, and Rh;p-s unable to resist, submitted to do him homage, 
 and gave hostages for his obedience. This ceremony was 
 performed at Woodstock, and Rh^s swore fealty to the English 
 King, and to Henry his son. 
 
 The following year he is again in arms, and, invading ^"£,x 
 Cardigan, subdued that country.^ Encouraged by his success the 
 spirit of contention became general in Wales ; the Prince of the 
 North, Owain Gwynedd, and all his sons, his brother Cadwaladr, 
 and the Lord of Powys, joined Rh^^s. Their first attack under 
 Dafydd, the son of Owain Gwynedd, and with success, was on 
 Flintshire. 
 
 Some forces had been raised in Henry's absence, for the 
 reduction of Rh^s ; with these the King of England marched 
 to Oswestry. I here omit the history of this event, which was 
 disastrous to the English, and very honorable to the Welsh, as 
 it appertains to the next tribe ; but it should seem disgraceful 
 to Henry,* that in revenge of his disappointment, he put out 
 the eyes of his Welsh hostages, among whom were two sons of 
 Rh^^s,* and two of Owain Gwynedd. Rh^s pursued his success 
 
 1 This date should be, I think, 1165. — Ed. 
 
 ^ In revenge of the death of his nephew, Einion, who was murdered by his servant, 
 Walter ab Llywarch, at the instigation of Clare Earl of Gloucester. 
 
 impiger Ein to n , 
 
 (Proh dolor ! ) a famulo jugulatus fraude Lomarcho. — Pentarchia. 
 
 ^ "Barbarity," says Mr. Andrews, "to hostages was not esteemed a crime in the 
 early ages." 
 
 * Obses ab Henrico caecatus rege secundo. — Pentarchia. 
 
 E 
 
34 
 in South Wales, took the castles of Cardigan and Cilgerran ; 
 the last, a place of great importance, and in it his cousin 
 Robert,^ the son of Nest his aunt, in her second marriage with 
 Stephen, Constable of Cardigan. 
 
 In 1169^ Henry was at Pembroke, on his passage to Ireland. 
 Rh^s met and presented him with eighty-six horses, of which the 
 King accepted thirty-six, and returned the remainder. Rh^^s was 
 restored to his peace, and Henry gave him Cardigan, Ustrad-Towi, 
 Arustli and Elfel : He also paid him a visit at T^ gwyn, and 
 restored his son Hywel, who had been long an hostage in Henry's 
 hands. The politic Henry rendered this journey and his return 
 through South Wales conducive to the interests of his Country; 
 for by conversing familiarly with the Welsh Princes, loading them 
 with presents, and conferring shewy, though unsubstantial dignities 
 on the most ambitious, he found means to break that union, 
 which had hitherto rendered all his measures against their 
 independency abortive. On the return of Henry from Ireland, 
 Rh^s attended him at Talycarn, and was made Justice^ of South 
 Wales. Hence he was attached to the English interests, and an 
 instrument in the subjection of his country ; and he brought all 
 the Lords of South Wales, who had usually opposed Henry, to 
 do homage to that Prince at Gloucester.* 
 
 1 This Robert, surnamed Fitzstephen, was one of the first invaders of Ireland, with 
 Strongbow Earl of Pembroke, under Henry the Second. 
 
 2 This must have been in 1171. — Ed. 
 
 ^ This office, which was hereditary, continued to the twenty-seventh of Henry the 
 Eighth, and ended in the Lord Ferrers of Chartley. 
 
 * dominumqe potentem 
 
 Imposuit 
 
35 
 
 In 1 1 76 he made a great feast^ in his castle of Cardigan, to 
 which he invited many Normans and English. These civilities 
 were of short continuance, for the same year they treacherously 
 murdered his son-in-law Einion. To awe them, Rh^^s built the 
 castle of Rhaiadr, in precipitous, strong ground (near the noted 
 cataract of that name) above the Wye. 
 
 In 1 182 the Sheriff of Hereford, Ranulph de Poer, murdered 
 the Lord of Gwent, a Welchman of distinction. In revenge, 
 his countrymen put Poer to death, with many of his friends. 
 Henry in wrath marched to Worcester, where Rh^^^s met and 
 appeased him, and promised his sons and nephews as hostages ; 
 but the young men, considering how former pledges had been 
 treated, refused to appear, and Henry seems satisfied without 
 them. 
 
 In 1 186 Rhys lost his son Cadwaladr, by a private assassination; 
 and his kinsman, Llywelyn, the grandson of Gruffudd ab Cynan, 
 was imprisoned by his brothers, who put out his eyes.^ 
 
 1 In 1176 the Lord Rh^s made a great feast at Christmas in his castle of Cardigan, 
 on finishing that fortress ; and he caused it to be proclaimed throughout all Britain a 
 year and a day beforehand. Thither came many strangers, which were honorably 
 received, and worthily entertained, so that no man departed discontented. And among 
 deeds of arms and other shews, Rhj^s caused all the Poets of Wales, which are makers 
 of songs and recorders of gentlemen's pedigrees and arms, to come thither ; and 
 provided chairs for them to be set in his hall, where they should dispute together, to 
 try their cunning and gift in their faculties ; where great rewards and rich gifts were 
 appointed for the overcomers. Among them they of North Wales won the prize of 
 poetry ; and among the musicians, Rhj^s's own household-men, and in particular the son 
 of Eytyn the Crythor, were accounted the best. — Guttun Owain. [Rhys in the year 
 1 164. founded the famous Cistercian Abbey of Strata Florida (Ystrad Fflur), where 
 several princes of the house of Dinevor were interred. — Ed.'] 
 
 ^ Hie quibus invisi fratres 
 
36 
 
 j^ P On the death of Henry the Second,^ Rh^/s renewed hostilities,^ 
 
 1 1 89 and took the castles of St. Clare, Abercorran and Llanstephan ; 
 
 and in the last his son, Maelgwyn, then in rebellion against him. 
 
 Returning with success,* he lost his daughter, Gwenllian, a lady 
 of great beauty and accomplishments, the wife of Ednyfed Fychan* 
 (the able General and Minister to Llewelyn the Great), and the 
 great great grandmother to Owain Tewdwr, the grandfather of 
 Henry the Seventh. 
 
 During the absence of Richard and his imprisonment in Germany, 
 Rh5'^s pursued the war, and subdued South Wales. A cruel 
 feud now arose among his sons, although allied against their 
 father; and Anarawd, having taken his brothers Hywel and 
 Madog prisoners, put out their eyes. Soon after they took and 
 imprisoned the father himself, who recovered his liberty through 
 his blind son Hywel. 
 
 1 " Henry," says Carte, " used to tire all his Court with continual standing, and 
 suffered himself so much by this practice, never sitting but when he eat or rode, that 
 it was supposed to be, in conjunction with the kicks he received from horses, the cause 
 of the swelling of his legs, and to have hastened the breaking up of his constitution." 
 
 2 Rh5>s was highly esteemed by Henry the Second, insomuch that whenever he came 
 to his court, the King always in person, with his Nobles, was wont to receive him. 
 But after the death of Henry, the Lord Rh5>s coming to England, Richard the First did 
 not honour him, as his father was wont to do. Rh^s was much displeased, and 
 returned home without speaking to the King. This happened at Oxford. — Passim. 
 
 ^ Hi nostri reditus expectatique triumphi 
 
 * Of Ednyfed Fychan and his numerous and illustrious posterity, we shall have occasion 
 to treat hereafter, under Marchudd ab Cynan, the eighth Noble Tribe of North 
 Wales.— ^^. 
 
2>1 
 
 In 1 197 the plague raged in Wales, and this restless^ chieftain 
 perished in it, and was buried^ at St. David's. By his wife 
 Gwenllian, the daughter of Madog ab Maredudd, Lord of 
 Bromfield, he had four sons and two daughters. He' was 
 succeeded by his elder son, Gruffudd. The first I learn of him 
 is in an English prison, whither he had been sent by his wicked 
 brother, Maelgwyn, and his brother-in-law, Gwenwynwyn. He 
 was released by the English Justiciary, Fitzpeter, who assisted 
 him also in their defeat.* Gruffudd died in 1202, on St. James' 
 Day, and was buried at Ustradfflur.'' He was succeeded by his 
 elder son Rh^^s. Rhys died in 1222, being says Powel, "a lusty 
 gentleman." His inheritance was divided between his brother, 
 Owain, and his uncle, Maelgwyn. Owain married Angharad, 
 daughter of Maredudd ab Robert, Lord of Kedewain, and left 
 two sons, Llywelyn and Maredudd: Of the elder I learn nothing, 
 but that he left a son, Thomas. Maredudd, the younger brother 
 
 1 Hi motus animorum atque haec certamina tanta, 
 
 2 Pulveris exigui j'actu, compressa quiescent. [His monumental effigy still remains 
 in the Cathedral of St. David's, in a good state of preservation. — Ed.'] 
 
 8 Rh^s was the eldest of six towardly sons, that his father, Gruffudd, had by 
 Gwenllian, the fair daughter of Gruffudd ab Cynan, Prince of North Wales ; and he 
 surviving them all, obtained the dominion of South Wales, which he well and worthily 
 ruled.* — Panton Papers. [The Lord Rhys's brothers were Anarawd, Meredydd (lord 
 of Ceredigion), Cadell, who had a portion of Dyfed, Rhys Vychan and Owen— /z;^ in 
 all ; his sisters were Gwladys and Nest. — Dwnn's Vis. ii., p. 99, note. — Ed.'\ 
 
 * This prince is celebrated in the Welsh Chronicles for his martial prowess and 
 nobility of mind. — Williams' JSm. Welshmen. 
 
 * Spes Patriae, columen pacis, lux urbis et orbis ; 
 Gentis honos, decus armorum, fulmenque duelli ; 
 Quo neque pace prior, neque forlior alter in armis. — Pentarchia, 
 
38 
 
 A.D. of Llywelyn, was better known, and, says Powel, "this year 
 ^^ died Maredudd ab Owain, the defender of South Wales." 
 Thomas married the daughter and heiress of PhiHp, Lord of 
 Iscoed, and by her had a daughter, Elen, who married Gruffudd 
 Fychan, Lord of Glyndyfrdwy, and by him was mother to our 
 great Glynd-wrr.^ 
 
 I find but five descendent famihes from this Tribe ; Wynn of 
 D61-Bachog,^ Owen of Cefn-Hafod, Lloyd of Plds-uwch Clawdd, 
 Evans of Tre-Castell, and Jones of Haim. 
 
 1 She was also the mother of Tudor ab GrufFudd Fychan (slain in the battle of 
 Mynydd-y-Pwll-Melyn in 1405), from whom descended the Vaughan's of Corsygedol, 
 the Hughes's of Gwerclas, Barons of Kymmer in Edeirnion, and other good families. — Ed. 
 
 ^ Of the Dol-Bachog family I can trace nothing. Of Cefn-Hafod I am equally 
 ignorant, as of the Lloyds of PMs-uwch Clawdd near Rhiwabon, and Jones of Haim. 
 But there is a place called Haim wood, near the junction of the Severn and Vernew. 
 Mr. Evans of Towyn is of the Tre-Castell family. [Dol-bachog is now an ordinary 
 farm house in Trefeglwys, Montgomeryshire ; and so are Tre-castell in Llanwnog ; 
 Cefn-hafod, or rather Cefn-hafodau, in Llangurig ; and Haim or Hem, in Forden, — all 
 in the same county. The Owen's of Cefn-hafodau are now represented by Arthur 
 Charles Humphreys Owen, Esq., of Glansevern, and by Mr. Baxter Owen, of Glandulas, 
 in that county. The late William Owen, Esq., K.C., of Glansevern (who died in 1837), 
 traced his descent by uninterrupted male succession from Rhodri Mawr, King of all 
 Wales, through Cadifor ab Dinawal, whose wife was a daughter of the Lord Rh^s. 
 The present owner of the Glansevern estate, Mr. Humphreys Owen, is his 
 great grand-nephew. The other families above named became extinct long ago. One 
 of the most illustrious of Rhj^s ab Tewdwr's descendants was Giraldus Cambrensis (or 
 De Barri), one of the brightest luminaries of the twelfth century, who was the fourth 
 son of William de Barri, by Angharad, daughter of Nest, the daughter of Rh^s ab 
 Tewdwr. Among numerous other families now extinct descended from Rh5>s ab Tewdwr, 
 were the Wynns of Coed Llai, or Leeswood, near Mold, who became extinct apparently 
 in 1793, upon the death of Margaret, daughter of Sir George Wynn, Bart., and wife of 
 Richard Hill Waring, Esq. — (Hist, of Powys Fadog, v., p. 230) — the Griffiths of 
 Cefnamwlch in Lleyn fCamb. Journal., i8S4t P- S3) — the Jones's of Berendeth, 
 Pembrokeshire fLewys Dwnti's Vis., i., p. 196) — the Lloyd's of Nantmel (lb. p. 259), 
 the Owen's of Presteign (lb. p. 261), and the Wynns of Graianog (lb. ii., p. 280). 
 Perhaps the only family still existing which can trace its descent in a direct line 
 paternally from Rhj^s ab Tewdwr, is that of Lewis of Harpton Court, Radnorshire, of 
 which the late Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Bart., M.P,, was a distinguished represent- 
 tative (Lewys Dwnn's Vis., i., p. 253). The Powells of Brandlesome Hall, Lancashire, 
 also claim similar descent (Burke^s Landed Gentry.) — Ed7\ 
 
BLEDDYN AB CYNFYN. 
 
 BlEDDYN AB CYNFYN ranks the third Royal Tribe. He 
 had a title to Powys in female succession from his gread grand- 
 mother, Angharad;^ but his crown of North Wales, was usur- 
 pation, in common at first with his brother, Rhiwallon, who fell 
 
 in the battle of Mechain; and the whole was then his own.^ ^'^' 
 
 1068 
 
 From his father, Cynfyn ab Gwerystan, he had no claims ; by 
 his mother, the daughter and heiress of Maredudd ab Owain, 
 Prince of South Wales, he was half brother to Gruffudd ab 
 Llywelyn ab Seisyllt, the preceding Prince of North Wales,^ who 
 was himself an usurper also; moreover on the death of Owain 
 ab Edwyn, Bleddyn accumulated the sovereignty of South Wales, 
 again uniting the whole dominion of his maternal ancestor 
 
 ^ Angharad was the grandaughter and heiress of Merfyn, the third son of Roderic 
 the Great, in whose favor his father gavelled off the PrincipaHty of Powys, which 
 comprehended Montgomeryshire, parts of Shropshire, and parts of the present 
 Counties of Brecknock, Denbigh, and Radnor. 
 
 2 " Bleddyn ab Cynfyn bob cwys, 
 
 Ei hun bioedd hen Bowys." — Rhys Cain. 
 
 ^ This warhke Prince was put to death by his own subjects, and his head sent to 
 Harold, who commanded the armies of the Confessor Edward with success against our 
 countrymen. Harold brought Gruffudd's widow out of Wales, and married her ; she 
 was sister to the powerful Saxon Earls, Edwyn and Morcar, the sons of Algar, and 
 grandsons of Leofric, Earl of Mercia ; which latter led an army against Swane, King 
 of Denmark, in 1003, and died in 1057, being the husband of the famous Godiva, who 
 freed Coventry from an heavy tax, and gave rise to the well-known story of Peeping Tom. 
 
40 
 
 Roderic; and like him gavelling his lawful inheritance, he 
 divided Powys between his sons Maredudd and Cadwgan.^ 
 
 It remained not long separate, but was reunited in Maredudd 
 on the murder of his brother Cadwgan,^ (a superior person of 
 that time, whom Camden calls "the renowned Briton,") by 
 their nephew Madog, the son of Ririd, the fifth son of Bleddyn 
 ab Cynfyn ; and the extinction of his nephews the sons of 
 Cadwgan, by Maredudd himself. 
 
 The story of our country under its native Princes is a wretched 
 calendar of crimes ; of usurpations, and family assassinations ; 
 and in this dismal detail we should believe ourselves rather on 
 the shores of the Bosphorus (things oddly coincident*), than the 
 banks of the Dee. 
 
 1 In 1073 Bleddyn was slain in battle, as some say, but according to others 
 treacherously murdered in Powys Castle by Rees ap Owen ap Edwin and the gentlemen 
 of Ystrad Tywi, having worthily governed Wales thirteen years. Bleddyn according 
 to Powel was "verie liberall and merciful!, and loved iustice and equitie in all his 
 reigne." — He is said to have built Dolforwyn Castle, between the years 1065 and 1073. 
 He had other sons besides Maredudd and Cadwgan, namely, Llywarch, Madog, Rhirid, 
 and lorwerth. His arms were, Or a lion rampant gules, armed and langued or. — JSd. 
 
 2 Cadwgan was killed in an ambush by Powys Castle, which he was then erecting. 
 Powel of Ednop in his Pentarchia, a wild, incorrect Latin MS. poem, in James the 
 First's time, thus describes his Coat of Arms, [Or a lion rampant «5f«<r^ armed and 
 langued ^/«*] : — 
 
 Aurea magnanimi Cadugani parma leonem, 
 
 Cceruleum, rapidumque, cruentis faucibus efFert. — Tracts of Powys, p. 2 note. 
 
 * The Celts or Gauls were descended from Gonier, the eldest son of Japhet, who was 
 the eldest son of Noah, and from the Provinces of the Upper Asia they migrated to the 
 countries on the Lake Meotis, on the North side the Euxine Sea ; and, as they were 
 called Cimmerians in Asia, so they communicated their name to that famous Strait, 
 
41 
 
 Our Law of distribution, the custom of gavelkind/ had the 
 the same ill effect, applied to the succession as the freedom of 
 the State ; it balanced the power and raised the competition of 
 the younger branches against the elder ; a Theban war of Welsh 
 brethren ending in family blood, and national destruction. Nor 
 was the elder more delicate, accumulating again by every means 
 his broken patrimony. It might apply to the colonization of new 
 countries, and was in this, the only manner of portioning our 
 
 which has been since called Cimbrian or Cimmerian Bosphorus. Here they had not 
 continued long, when the increase of their progeny made it necessary to penetrate 
 farther into the country, and, as it is supposed they fell down the Danube, along whose 
 banks they encamped, as their manner of life was, for the convenience of their cattle ; 
 and so shaping their course Westward, entered Germany, from whence they advanced 
 into France ; for the Inhabitants of France, as Josephus tells us, were anciently called 
 Gomerites, as being descended from Gomer ; and from France they came at length into 
 the Southern parts of this Island. And therefore we find that the Welsh, the ancient 
 proprietors of Britain, called themselves Gomeri or Cymry, and their language 
 Cymmraeg ; which words bear so great analogy to the original appellation, from 
 whence they are derived, that we may reasonably conclude the true ancient Britons, or 
 Welsh, to be the genuine descendants of Gomer, the eldest son of Japhet. But this will 
 be farther evinced from the affinity between the Celts or Gauls, and the ancient Britons, 
 with respect to religion, language, laws, and customs. — Owen's History. 
 
 ^ "What aggravated this mischief," says Lord Lyttelton, "was another ancient 
 custom which prevailed among the Chieftains and Kings of Wales, of sending out 
 their infant sons to be nursed and bred up in different families of their principal Nobles 
 or Gentlemen ; from whence it ensued, that each of these foster fathers, attaching 
 himself with a strong paternal affection to the child he had reared, and being incited 
 by his own interest to desire his advancement above his brothers, endeavoured to procure 
 it by all the means in his power. Thus, as most of their Kings cohabited with several 
 women who generally brought them many children, several parties were formed among 
 their Nobility, which breaking out at their deaths, involved their kingdoms in blood 
 and confusion. Minors were never allowed to reign ; but it often happened that when 
 a Prince, excluded in his infancy, attained to manhood, he then aspired to the throne he 
 had lost on account of his nonage, and found a party to assist him in those pretensions." 
 
 F 
 
42 
 
 children. It is yet distinguishable in Welsh lands ; and still 
 intermixing them, may sometimes interfere with a compact demesne, 
 and the pleasures and space of modern gardening and home 
 improvements, but the liberal spirit of our gentry hath much 
 lessened, by reasonable exchanges, these last inconveniences of 
 this ancient distribution. The term gafel, in the Welsh, implies 
 an holding, because each son held a share in his father's land, 
 and the youngest had a claim to the paternal residence. 
 
 Maredudd ab Bleddyn, to quote our dry monk, and historical^ 
 collector, Caradog of Llancarfan, " under severe contrition for his 
 hellish practices against his brothers and nephews," died in 1132. 
 He was, notwithstanding a man of spirit and abilities, but his 
 ambition to unite Powys, led to great cruelties and oppression. 
 His conduct and courage, when attacked by Henry the First of 
 
 1 Our most ancient British History is called Brut y Brenhinoedd, or the Chronicle of 
 the British Kings, because it concludes with Cadwaladr the last King ; and to distinguish 
 it from the continuation by Caradog, which is called Brut y Tywysogion, or the 
 Chronicle of the Princes. It begins with the Trojan colony, and ends with the reign of 
 Cadwaladr, the abdicated King of the Britons. It hath gone among us under the name 
 of Tyssilio, a bishop, the supporter of the British Church against the usurpations of 
 Austin the monk, and the son of Brochwel Ysgithrog ;* but he seems to have been only 
 the continuer of it,t from the Roman conquest to his own time, about the year 660. 
 
 A. D. * Brochwel commanded the Britons at their memorable defeat near Chester, which led to the massacre of 
 
 the Monks of Bangor Monachorum. His son Tyssilio, besides his Welsh work, wrote an Ecclesiastical 
 History of Britain, which Archbishop Usher said he had seen. There is also a short dialogue in Welsh verse 
 between two Monks extant, which is ascribed to Tyssilio. From Ysgithrog are many descendants, chiefly in 
 Montgomeryshire, and I have given in the Appendix with truth the character of one of them, whom I had the 
 pleasure of knowing well. — Appendix xv, Blayney. 
 
 t This is the history so miserably mangled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Latin translation. "If 
 Geoffrey,'' says Mr. Morris, "had worded the exploits of Corineus and Arthur, as the original history in the 
 British tongue required, there would not have been that air of fable in his translation." Most of the 
 objections of Camden, Milton, Burton, Nicholson, &c., took their rise from their falling foul of a bad 
 translation, instead of an Original, which they had never seen. 
 
43 
 
 England and deserted by Grufifudd ab Cynan, the reigning Prince 
 of North Wales, does him credit. He defended the passes into a.d. 
 Powys with judgment and success; and Henry, endangered in m^ 
 these defiles, was struck by an arrow, that his armour resisted, 
 which he said came not from a Welsh, but an English bow ; 
 and offering terms to Maredudd withdrew his army on the 
 receipt of a small sum of money and a thousand cattle. 
 
 Maredudd died fourteen years after, in entire subjection to the ^y>^ 
 English Prince. He had married two wives; by his first, ^'3^ 
 Hunydd, the daughter of Eunydd^ ab Gwernwy, the founder of 
 the Tribe of Dyffryn Clwyd and Allington, and one of the 
 
 It was afterwards continued to the death of Cadwaladr, by some other hand. Caradog, 
 of the Abbey of Llancarfan, collected and continued this history to the year 1156, 
 The Monks of Conway, and Ustrad-fflur pursued it to 1270, just before the death of the 
 last Prince. Humphrey Llwyd translated this book from Welsh into English, adding 
 some things from Matthew Paris and Nicholas Trivet, but died before he published it ; 
 and it was left in the hands of Sir Henry Sidney, President of Wales, who recommended 
 to Dr. Powel to augment and print it, which he did, and dedicated it to Sir Philip Sidney, 
 the son of Sir Henry, in 1584. The Monks of Ustrad-fBur and Conway seem purposely 
 to have discontinued their history, unwilling to relate the final conquest of their 
 country, and the death of Llywelyn. This part was completed by Humphrey Llwyd 
 himself, assisted by the collections of Guttyn Owain. 
 
 1 Eunydd was the son of Gwenllian,* the daughter of Rh^s ab Marchan. This is 
 the lady that is commonly styled the heiress of Dyifryn Clwyd. She had great 
 possessions in it, having the property of seven townships, in the neighbourhood of 
 Ruthin. Bleddyn ab Cynfyn married her to his cousin Gwernwy, and, to make him a 
 suitable match for her, and in reward of his military services to himself, bestowed upon 
 him seven townships ; Almor, Trefalun, Gresford, Allington, Lleprog fawr, Lleprog 
 fechan and Trefnant, Ithel, the son of Eunydd, had six sons, who jointly gave the 
 
 * Gwenllian, id est, White Linen. Linen was so rare in the reign of Charles the Seventh of France, who 
 lived about the time of our Henry the Sixth, that the Queen of France could boast of two shifts only, of 
 that commodity. 
 
44 
 
 Fifteen [Tribes] of North Wales, he had several children; by 
 the second, Eva, the daughter of Blettrws ab Ednowain, and 
 granddaughter to Ednowain bendew, one of the Fifteen [Tribes], in 
 him first erected also, he had a son, lorwerth g6ch, or the red 
 Edward, who married Maude daughter to Roger de Manley, by 
 whom he was father to Sir Gruffudd Fychan,^ Lord of Crigion 
 and Bergedwyn [Burgedin,] ancestor to the several houses of the 
 Kynastons. He was called the wild Knight of Caer Hywel, 
 from his romantic life, and the seat of his residence of this name 
 in Montgomeryshire.^ 
 
 To return to Maredudd. That sole possession, which unhappily 
 to himself was obtained in Powys, did he again mutilate and 
 
 land whereon the parish church of Gresford is built ; " this is a fact well known," says 
 .Lewis Dwnn. The sepulchres of the grandchildren of the said Ithel ab Eunydd are in 
 the church of Gresford. Should not the gentlemen of this Tribe carry their 
 ancestress's Arms, azure a fess or between three nags' heads, erased argent ; at least 
 quartered with their own, since she was so considerable an heiress. [Of Eunydd (or 
 Efnydd) ab Gwernwy and his descendants we shall treat more fully under Efnydd, the 
 fourteenth Noble Tribe of North Wales.— ^^.] 
 
 1 Sir Gruffudd was a Knight of Jerusalem, originally the Order of the Holy 
 Sepulchre there ; whence removing, they were incorporated with the Knights 
 Hospitallers or Templars, then resident at Rhodes ; and until this direful French 
 visitation, which has plundered their estates, and ruined their commanderies in that 
 country, were continued in respect as Knights of Malta. 
 
 2 Caer Hywel is a mansion still known by that name on the banks of the Severn, at 
 Edgerley, in the County of Salop^ and not far from the ford on the Vyrnwy, designated 
 in the Mabinogi of the Dream of Rhonabwy as "Rhyd y Wilure." .Among the 
 Kynastons we find another " wild Knight," Humphrey Kynaston the Wild, who during 
 his outlawry in the reign of Henry the Seventh, inhabited a cave in the bold sandstone 
 rock at Ness Cliff, called after him Kynaston's Cave, and concerning whose feats many 
 tales are still current in that neighbourhood. lorwerth Goch had also a younger son, 
 lorwerth Fychan, the lineal ancestor of the Powys's, Lords Lilford (Burke's 
 J'eerage. ) — Ed. 
 
45 
 
 divide (but it was our custom so to do) between his eldest son 
 Madog, and his grandson Owain Cyfeiliog, the son of his younger 
 son GrufFudd, who died before him. And here it may be 
 necessary and at some length, to mark the partitions since made, 
 as the source of families from this Tribe. To the share of 
 Madog was the division of Powys given, from him named Powys 
 Fadog ; a mutability in initial consonants, to harmonize and vary 
 the diction, frequent in our own and not uncommon in other 
 languages ; to Owain the upper moiety, which, from his son 
 Gwenwynwyn, was called Powys Wenwynwyn.^ 
 
 Madog ab Maredudd, who succeeded as Lord of Bromfield,^ a 
 title taken on the partition by this line of the Powysian Princes, 
 was a leading man of those times; having to his own power 
 in Powys united that of his nephew and ward Owain. He was 
 the constant confederate of Rondel the Third, and of his son 
 Hugh Cyfeiliog, the fourth Earl of Chester. 
 
 Madog was the ally also of Henry the Second in his Welsh 
 wars, and commanded his navy in an unsuccessful attempt on 
 Anglesey: nor was he more fortunate against his countrymen at 
 the battle of Consylt,''' on the English part. He had been 
 offended with Owain Gwynedd, the reigning Prince of North 
 
 1 Pars ea Powysiae de quo cognomine adepta est. — Pentarchia, 
 
 2 With respect to this fine Lordship, and in some short observations relative to North 
 Wales, may I be allowed to quote myself in a paper I wrote a few years since on the 
 subject. See Appendix, xvi. 
 
 3 In this action near Flint, Henry de Essex, hereditary standard-bearer of England, 
 threw away the flag, and fled crying aloud, " the king is slain." The English 
 however rallied, and made an handsome retreat. 
 
ii6o 
 
 46 
 
 Wales, who claimed his allegiance; yet was this in conformity 
 with the rules of Roderic, by which the Princes of South Wales 
 and Powys were under sovereignty to the North.^ 
 
 Be this excused to him, his character was good beyond the 
 examples of that time; for he was "one that feared God, and 
 A.D. relieved the poor."* He resided frequently in England, died at 
 Winchester, and was buried at Meifod, a church he rebuilt near 
 Mathrafael, the seat of these Princes, on the reduction of Shrews- 
 bury,^ their ancient capital, by Ofifa in the eighth century.* He 
 married [first] Susannah, the daughter of Gruffudd ab Cynan, 
 Prince of North Wales, and founder of our first Royal Tribe. 
 By her he had three sons, and a daughter. Marred, the wife of 
 lorwerth Drwyn-dwnn,^ and the mother of our great Llywelyn.® 
 
 1 The Princes of South Wales were to pay four tons of honey, and the Princes of 
 Powys four tons of flour, to the Sovereigns of North Wales. 
 
 ^ Powel. 
 
 3 Many of the fields and places near Shrewsbury (then called Pengwern) still retain 
 their Welsh Names. It was once again in the hands of the Welsh, and taken by our 
 great Llywelyn in 1215. 
 
 * Early in the following century, the able Egbert, who had united the Saxons under 
 one kingdom, gained from us the city of Chester, with large maritime dependencies ; 
 and would have probably subdued North Wales, but was recalled by a Danish invasion. 
 Egbert, during the reign of our Prince, Merfyn fr^ch, had carried his arms into all 
 parts of North Wales. 
 
 ^ lorwerth Drwyn-dwnn, or Edward with the broken nose, the eldest son of Owain 
 Gwynedd, was set aside the succession on account of this deformity. [He resided at 
 Dolwyddelan castle, but was eventually compelled to flee for refuge from the cruelty of 
 his brother Dafydd, to Pennant Melangell, a celebrated sanctuary in Montgomeryshire, 
 near which, at a place called Bwlch Croes lorwerth, he is said to have been killed. — Sd.J 
 
 ^ Madog married secondly a Norman lady, Maude, daughter of Reese de Verdun,—* 
 his union with whom proved most unhappy, and ended in his ruin. In consequence 
 of disagreements, this lady left him and went to Henry the Second, King of England, 
 
47 
 
 Madog built the Castles of Oswestry, Caer Einion, and Overton, 
 where he resided, and which received from him the additional 
 name of Madog. 
 
 In the customs of his country, he continued to gavel his 
 broken patrimony, and divided his moiety of Powys between his 
 sons Gruffudd Maelor, Owain, Eliza [Elissau], [Owain] Brogyntyn, 
 Cynfrig [efell] and Einion efell. The three last were illegitimate, 
 but it was not unusual to put such, when eminent, in an equal 
 succession ; and it is observable, that four of the tribes of Israel 
 were of Jacob's natural issue, but appointed to the same distinction 
 with the rest. 
 
 Gruffudd Maelor succeeded as Lord of Bromfield,^ "a. man 
 wise and liberal;"* nor was he less brave, or less a friend to 
 his country. He was valiantly engaged at the head of the men 
 
 who summoned the prince to Winchester to state his case, at the same time requesting 
 him not to bring more than four and twenty horse with him, the lady Maude not to 
 bring any more with her. On the appointed day Madog came with his four and twenty 
 horsemen. Maude came also with twenty four horses, but two men on each horse, 
 whereupon Madog was overpowered and cast into prison at Winchester, where he died. 
 While in prison he was compelled to settle the lordship of Oswestry upon his wife, and 
 the heirs of her body by whomsoever begotten. After Madog's death, Maude married 
 John Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel, by whom she had a son, John Fitz Alan, Earl of 
 Arundel, and Baron of Oswestry and Clun. Thus the English obtained the lordship 
 of Oswestry. fCae Cyriog MS., quoted in Hist, of Powys Fadog, vol. i., pp. iig-120.) 
 Madog's arms were, argent a lion rampant sahle.^ armed and langued gules. — Ed. 
 
 ^ In Welsh Maelor, so called from Maelor ab Gwran ab Cunedda Wledig, to whose 
 share this district fell, on the general division of North Wales among the sons and 
 grandsons of Cunedda in the sixth century. 
 
 2 Powel. 
 
48 
 
 of Bromfield in the battle of Crogen^ or Chirk, whence the 
 second Henry, with considerable loss, made a difficult retreat, 
 and was in imminent danger from an arrow, that had been 
 critically aimed, but intercepted by Hubert de Clare, the Constable 
 of Colchester, who stepped before him, and, at the price of his 
 own life," preserved that of his friend and master. Gruffudd died 
 in 1 191, and was buried at Meifod. By his wife Angharad,' the 
 
 ^ It has been erroneously said, that the term Crogens was used in contempt and 
 derision of the Welsh ; but that was not the truth : the English meant to express by 
 it animosity, and the desire of revenge. It alluded to this action, where Henry was 
 worsted, and in great personal danger. Many of the English were slain, and buried in 
 OfFa's Dyke, below Chirk Castle ; and the part so filled up is to be seen, and forms a 
 passage over it, called to this day, Adwj^'r Beddau, or the Pass of the Graves. 
 
 ^ Lord Lyttelton places this event at the siege of Bridgnorth ; our histories state the 
 fact as I have done. 
 
 ' On account of consanguinity, she being his first cousin, Madog was divorced from 
 A.D. her, on the persuasion of Archbishop Baldwyn, when he visited North Wales. " At 
 1187 this time," says Giraldus, " Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, the reigning Prince of North 
 Wales, had no other part of the principality, save Rhuddlan Castle, and the adjacent 
 territory, which he held with a garrison of English, and where Archbishop Baldwyn 
 lodged one night to visit the King's* sister Emma, the wife of Dafydd." A spirit of 
 enmity generally existed between the people, as well as the Princes of South" and North 
 Wales. When Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, Prince of the North, had honorably 
 received some fugitives from the South, his courtiers insisted that it was too much con- 
 descension in him to favor the subjects of a rival Prince, who would not shew the least 
 respect to any of his. Dafydd upon hearing this swore a great oath, that he would not 
 rest until he would be satisfied, whether the Lord Rh^s of South Wales, would not 
 honorably receive some messenger, sent by him to his Court. He was some time before 
 he could meet with a person who would undertake the trial. At length Gwgan of Caer 
 Einion in Powys land set off on the embassy ; and arriving at Lord Rh^s's Court 
 found him in a furious temper, beating his servants and hanging his dogs. Gwgan 
 knowing it was not a proper time to appear, delayed his message until the following 
 day ; and then in a long speech, still extant in MS. he let the noble descendant of Rhj^s 
 
 * Henry the Second. 
 
49 
 
 daughter of our great Prince, Owain Gwynedd, he had one son, 
 Madog,^ who inherited his estates entire. Him I find serving 
 under John in two Welsh expeditions. From the first the King 
 of England retreated with loss and disgrace ; in the second he 
 was successful, and reduced Llywelyn of North Wales, his son- 
 in-law, to hard conditions; who submitted to pay the charges of 
 the war, to do homage for his dominions, and, in favor of his 
 revolted feudatory Madog, to renounce for ever the paramountship 
 of Powys. 
 
 The year following Llywelyn and Madog were reconciled, and 
 uniting their force they took all the English garrisons in North 
 Wales, excepting Rhuddlan and Deganwy, and these fell after; 
 and corrupting the third Innocent, a venal Pope, he dispensed 
 with their oaths of allegiance taken to John, then under an 
 
 ab Tewdwr mawr know that he came from Dafydd ab Owain of North Wales, of the 
 stock of royal Cynan, to pay his friendly respects to him ; and if he was well received, 
 he had commission from his Prince to thank the Lord RhJ^s ; if not, he had commission 
 to act on the reverse. The Lord Rh5>s asked Gwgan, in what could his honorable 
 reception exist. Gwgan answered, in giving me a horse better than my own to carry 
 me home ; in giving me five pounds in money, and a suit of clothes ; in giving my 
 servant who leads my horse by the bridle, a suit of clothes and one pound. Come in 
 said the Lord Rh5*s, I will give thee the noblest steed in my stud, for the sake of thy 
 royal master ; and above thy demand, I will double the sums, and treble the suits of 
 apparel. Which promise was performed, and Gwgan returned to the mutual satisfaction 
 of both Princes. 
 
 ^ Gruffydd Maelor had four sons and three daughters. The sons were Madog, his 
 successor, Maredudd, Roderick, and Owain ; and the daughters, Christina, Catherine, 
 and Gwenllian Fechan. His arms were argent^ four pales gules, a lion salient sablcy 
 armed and langued azure. — Ed. 
 
 G 
 
 A.D. 
 I2I2 
 
A.D. 
 I200 
 
 A.D. 
 
 50 
 
 interdict,^ and a Nuncio was sent into Wales for this purpose. 
 "They were moreover put under the pains of cursing, if they 
 failed to annoy and trouble him to the utmost of their power. "^ 
 John returned with an army to Powys, and had gained some 
 ground, and demolished the Castle of Mathrafael, which was not 
 restored, when he was recalled by the revolt of his English 
 Barons. 
 
 A.D. The last service, in which I find Madog, was in South Wales, 
 
 ^^^5 in concert with our great Llywelyn, when they reduced and 
 ruined many of the English Castles ; and returned home with a 
 large booty, no light object in the warfare of those times. He 
 built the Cistertian Abbey of Llanegwest, of the Cross, or de 
 Valle Crucis, one of the last founded, and first dissolved ; and 
 ^^36 was buried in the church of his own Monastery [there]. By 
 his wife Gwladys,^ the daughter of Ithel ab Rh5>^s ab Morgan 
 of Ewias, ab Morgan hir, ab lestyn ab Gwrgant, the fourth 
 Royal Tribe, he had one son Gruffudd, who had the fortune to 
 inherit his estates entire* 
 
 The great interests, with the good abilities of this Lord ren- 
 dered him considerable, and he took an active share in these 
 turbulent times. He was strictly attached to Henry the Third, 
 
 ^ This assumption of the Court of Rome was first practised in England against 
 Stephen. 
 
 ^ Powel. 
 
 8 Or, as some say, Ysota. — ^d. 
 
 * Madog had four sons : — GrufFydd, his successor ; Maredudd, Lord of Rhivvabon 
 (killed in 1 240 by Prince David ab Llywelyn) ; Hy wel, who left no male issue ; and Madog 
 Fychan who also died without issue. — £id. 
 
51 
 
 whom he pressed into North Wales, and joined there, to effect 
 the release^ of Gruffudd ab Llywelyn, who was kept in close 
 prison by his brother Dafydd, the reigning Prince. 
 
 In the succeeding reign of Llywelyn, the son of Gruffudd, he 
 engaged himself with equal attachment to the Prince of England, 
 Edward, who possessed the Earldom of Chester, with large 
 maritime Welsh dependencies. He assisted him (but without 
 effect) in his first attempts on our country, for Edward was 
 driven back^ by Llywelyn, co-operating with the rebel force of 
 Montford f of both he took ample revenge* afterwards.^ 
 
 1 This was accomplished ; but the unfortunate Gruffudd, being delivered to Henry, 
 did but change his confinement from the Castle of Cruccaith, to the Tower of London ; 
 whence attempting his escape he perished by a fall from the ramparts [and his head 
 first meeting the pavement, being a very bulky man, was driven into his body, between 
 the shoulders and collar bones. — Matt. Paris.] On this event, Henry the Third 
 declared his son Edward, Prince of Wales, in preference to his nephew Dafydd, the 
 reigning monarch. And it is observable, that Edward never departed from this claim, 
 since after his conquest in 1282, he annexed to himself, by the statute of Rhuddlan, 
 only " Terram de Snowdon," holding the rest of the country, as his own, and declares 
 Llywelyn not an enemy but a traitor. 
 
 ^ Of one of these Welsh expeditions,* in his father Henry's time, there is a letter 
 preserved by Matthew Paris, from a soldier of fashion, describing the distresses of the 1246 
 English army in very spirited terms. "We lie here," says he, "watching, praying, 
 fasting, and freezing ; we watch for fear of the Welsh, who beat up our quarters every 
 night ; we pray for a safe passage homeward ; we fast, for hardly have we any food, 
 the halfpenny loaf being raised to five pence ; and we freeze for want of warm clothing, 
 and having only a linen tent to keep out the cold." 
 
 ' Llywelyn had a conference at Hawarden Castle, with Montford, where they 
 established peace between Cheshire and Wales, in order to promote their several and 
 respective designs ; and on June the twenty-second in the year following, Montford 
 obliged his captive, the English monarch, to make an absolute cession to the Welsh 
 
 * Apud Gannoe, i. e. Diganwy. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 A.D. 
 1264 
 
52 
 
 Bromfield was laid waste to punish Grufifudd, and Powys fell 
 to the victor ; who on his submission restored him to his estates. 
 A.D. He died in his Castle of Dinas Bran,^ and was buried with his 
 ^^7° father in the neighbouring Abbey of Llanegwest.^ By his wife 
 Emma, the sister^ of James, Lord Audley, an English captain, 
 terrible to the Welsh, with his German cavalry, which they 
 destroyed afterwards, he had four sons ; to Madog the elder, he 
 
 Prince, not only of his fortress, but of the sovereignty of Wales, and the homage of its 
 Barons, heretofore paid to Henry ; and in the treaty of Montgomery, it was agreed 
 between Henry and Llywelyn, that the Dee should be the boundary from Wirrall in 
 Cheshire, to Holt in Denbighshire, and thence in a direct line to Pengwern, or 
 Shrewsbury. 
 
 * At Evesham and Buellt. 
 
 ^ " On the occasion of the conquest, and the death of Llywelyn, two ecclesiastical 
 poets," says Knighton, " one a Welshman, and the other an Englishman, wrote as 
 follows." 
 
 WALLENSIS, 
 
 " Hie jacet Anglorum tortor, tutor Venedorum, 
 Princeps Wallorum Leolinus, regula morum, 
 Gemma cowvorum., flos regum prceteritorum, 
 Forma futur or um ; dux, laus, lex, lux populorumy 
 
 ANGLICUS SIC, 
 
 " Hie jacet errorum princeps, et prcedo virorum, 
 Proditor Anglorum, fax lucida, secta reorum, 
 Numen Wallorum, trux dux, homicida piorum, 
 Fcex Trojanorum, stirps mendax, causa malorum." 
 
 ^ Regibus Anglorum fuit hie Griffinus amicus, 
 Aversatus herum Leolinum, cujus ob iram 
 Se bene munitum Castello semper in illo 
 Continuit latitans, nomen locus indidit inde ; 
 Orbati teneris nati linquuntur in annis. — Pentarchia. 
 
 ^ This is the last event related in the British copy of our History ; what remains to 
 the conquest of Wales, by Edward the First, was added by Humphrey Llwyd. 
 ^ Or, as Powel and others say, daughter. — Ed. 
 
53 
 
 gave the Lordships of Bromfield and lil, with the reversion of 
 Moldsdale, Hopesdale, and Maelor Saesneg/ his mother's jointure, 
 and so called from her nation ; to Llywelyn the Second, the 
 Lordships of Chirk and Nantheudwy ; the Third son Gruffudd, 
 had Glyndyfrdwy, but from the interests and remorse of Earl 
 Warren only, who obtained for him from Edward this lot of his 
 inheritance, and the grant which conveys it is dated from Rhuddlan, 
 the tenth of his reign. He held this Lordship under the King 
 of England in chiefty, and was called by the Welsh, y Barwn 
 gwynn, the white Baron. He was father to Madog grupl, or 
 the cripple, the great great grandfather to Owain Glyndwr, who 
 succeeded lineally to these estates. The fourth son Owain was 
 intended for the church, but died a natural death in his youth, 
 and his portion Cynllaeth, from him called Cynllaeth Owain, 
 came to his brother Gruffudd who survived him, and so in 
 descent to GlyndA^r, and was forfeited to Henry the Fourth. 
 
 From this disposition of Powys Fadog, will be missed the 
 Cwmmwd's^ of Dinmael, Edeyrnion, Merffordd, Croes Oswallt, 
 Mochnant is Rhaiadr, and the Lordship of Whittington. To 
 two of his legitimate children, Owain and Elisa, Madog ab 
 Maredudd had given Mechain is Coed, in the upper Powys, and 
 lands in the neighbourhood of Chirk Castle. Dinmael and 
 Edeyrnion had been parcelled off by him^ to his natural son 
 
 1 Maelor Saesneg, i. e. Saxon or English Maelor, the detached part of Flintshire. 
 
 2 Commot or Cwmmwd, was the third of a Cantref, which contained fifty townships. 
 From Cwmmwd we derive Cymmydog, a neighbour. 
 
 ' Our histories do not notice another son of Madog ab Maredudd, Llywelyn. He 
 probably died before his father, and before the division of his estates among his 
 
54 
 
 Owain Brogyntyn. He had portioned upon Powys Fadog, two 
 other of his natural sons, Cynrig and Einion efell ;^ the first 
 was stiled Lord of Eglwys Egle, held lands in Moldsdale and 
 the township of Treuddyn ; Einion was Lord of Cynllaeth, had 
 Croes Oswallt or Oswestry, where his father had built a Castle, 
 and the Lordship of Whittington. The Cwmmwd of Merffordd 
 had been given by Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, in reward of military 
 services, to his cousin Gwernwy, the father of Eunydd the 
 [founder of one of the Fifteen] Tribes.^ 
 
 The relations and friends of the family contended with Emma 
 for the direction of the children ; sensible, should they be 
 brought up by their mother, their affections must be lost to 
 their country. She had the custody of the two elder, but 
 keeping with difficulty the possession of them, and of the lands 
 of her Welsh jointure, threw both to the care of Edward, 
 alleging that their ancestors had sworn allegiance to the Kings 
 of England, and they were feudally in his wardship. The King 
 accordingly took the children, and committed the charge of them 
 and their estates, Madog the elder to John Earl Warren, and 
 Llywelyn to Roger Mortimer, who strengthened their trusts with 
 
 surviving sons ; he is however celebrated by Cynddelw, our British Homer, in several 
 Poems : in one he thanks him for a stag which his hounds had killed by Cynddelw's 
 door ; in another he enumerates the several battles fought by Madog ab Maredudd, his 
 father ; at last the Bard deplores the fall of Llywelyn, saying his house on the banks of 
 the Dee was left desolate. [Llywelyn ab Madog, " the hope of all Powys," was slain 
 just after his father's death in 1160. — Ed.l 
 
 1 Efell signifies twins, from the Latin Gemelli, the Latin M being always expressed in 
 Welsh by the letter F. 
 
 ^ See under Efnydd the Fourteenth Noble Tribe of North Wales, post. — Ed. 
 
55 
 
 two strong Castles ; Chirk, built by Mortimer, and Holt/ by 
 Warren ; and as might happen, the wards were missed and no 
 more found.^ 
 
 Tali curantes arte pupillos^ 
 
 Rursus ut ad patrios nunquam rediere penates. 
 
 Tradition says they were drowned in the night, in the Dee, at 
 Holt. They perished no doubt by some secret and violent death, 
 at the hands of their Guardians, who by the grants of Edward 
 succeeded generally to their estates. But it is observable, the 
 King took a part in the spoil, but he might not share in their 
 destruction; for in his grant to Warren, the Castle* and Demesnes 
 of Hope are reserved to himself ; and he had given Emma a 
 
 ^ This Roger was more than once justice of North Wales ; was the second son of 
 Roger, Lord Mortimer of Wigmore, and uncle to Roger the Minister, Earl of Marche. 
 He was summoned to parliament, as Lord Mortimer of Chirk, by Edward the Second, 
 and was one of the Lords who gave sentence of banishment against the two Spencers ; 
 for which his nephew and himself were imprisoned in the Tower ; and where it is said 
 this Roger died. 
 
 ^ The author has here copied a mistake previously made by Powel and other 
 historians. The four sons of GrufFydd ab Madog ab GrufFydd Maelor were witnesses to 
 the Settlement made by him on his wife Emma, and after his death in 1270, the four 
 joined in a renewal and confirmation of it, which proves that they had arrived at the 
 state of manhood. These settlements were among the Sebright MSS., and are quoted 
 by Pennant (Tours in Wales, 1883 ed., vol. i., p. 266). The children who were 
 murdered were Llywelyn and Gruffydd, sons of the Madog named in the text, and 
 grandsons of the lady Emma. The foul deed was perpetrated in 1281. — Ed. 
 
 ' Ednop, like the French writers of Latin verses of that time (James the First) has 
 no regard to quantity. The Frenchmen professed it ; Nos Gallici non curamus 
 quantitatem syllabarum. 
 
 * In this Castle of Hope, commonly called Caergwrle, Edward the First and his 
 Queen Eleanor, lodged on their journey to Carnarvon, and whilst they were there the 
 Castle was by some accident set on fire, and burnt. The little village of Hope (in 
 Welsh Estyn) is called Queen Hope, from Eleanor's visit. 
 
56 
 
 temporary composition in land for her jointure of Maelor Saesneg, 
 which on her death should have reverted to her family, but 
 which Edward kept and annexed to Flintshire,^ under pretence 
 that the heirs were rebels. And here seems set in violence, 
 ingratitude, and a cruel breach of trust, a wretched instance and 
 example, dreadfully copied afterward in the persons of two of 
 his descendants, Richard of York, and the Fifth Edward, both 
 as to their lives and fortune.^ 
 
 Thus ended the Madocian line of the Powysian Princes : ^that 
 rag of Powys, which descended to Glynd^r, was in point of 
 power manerial matters only. Glyndyfrdwy is at present [1799] 
 the possession of Edward Williames Vaughan Salesbury Esquire, 
 second son of the late Sir Robert Howel Vaughan, of Nannau, 
 and had been forfeited in Glynd-^A^r's rebellion, and sold by Henry 
 the Fourth to a second son of the Salesburys of Bachymbyd, 
 a younger branch of Llyweni. Through the Salesburys, the 
 Pughes of Mathafarn,^ and the Prices of Gogerddan, it rests in 
 Mr. Salesbury.* 
 
 ^ The four ancient North Welsh counties were Anglesey, Carnarvon, Merioneth and 
 Flint. In South Wales Glamorgan and Pembroke were made Shires so early as Henry 
 the First, on his importation of Flemish, and the common Law of England planted 
 in them. 
 
 ^ Nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurse, 
 Et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis ! 
 Turno terapus erit, magno cum optaverit emptum 
 Intactum Pallanta ; et cum spolia ista diemque 
 Orderit 
 
 ^ Dafydd ab Llwyd ab Llywelyn ab Gruffudd, Lord of Mathafarn, wrote in verse the 
 Legend of Tydecho, one of our most capital Saints. This illustrious Bard had a great 
 
57 
 
 I come next to Powys Wenwynwyn, the other division. Bleddyn 
 had gavelled Powys between his sons, Maredudd, and Cadwgan. 
 It reunited in Maredudd, who accumulated the whole by the 
 family slaughter of that period. He divided it again between 
 his son Madog, whence the Fadog division, and his grandson 
 Owain Cyfeiliog,^ whose son Gwenwynwyn gave name to this 
 moiety. Gruffudd the second son of Maredudd died before his 
 father. He had submitted with him to Henry the First, and 
 was called by this Prince to his baronial Parliaments. I find 
 nothing more interesting respecting him, but he took his share 
 in the family feuds and fightings of that season. He married 
 Gwerfyl, daughter to Gwrgenau ab Hywel ab Jeuaf ab Cadwgan 
 
 hand also in bringing in Henry the Seventh, by feeding his countrymen with 
 prophecies, that one of them was to deliver "Wales from the English yoke ; by which 
 many thousands were induced to rise under Sir RhJ^s ab Thomas, and join Henry at 
 Milford. 
 
 * Mr. Salesbury was a colonel in the Guards. He died in 1807, and left the estate to 
 his brother. Eventually it descended to his nephew Sir Robert Williames Vaughan, the 
 third Baronet, of Nannau, who died without issue in 1859, and by whose Will, the Rhug 
 estates (comprising Glyndyfrdwy) came into the possession of the Hon. Charles Henry 
 Wynn, second surviving son of Lord Newborough, the present owner, who claims 
 descent from the Salesburys, or Salusburys, of Lleweni, through Robert Salesbury, Esq., 
 of Plas issa, Llanrwst. This is supposed to have influenced Sir Robert Vaughan in 
 devising the estate to him. The Salesbury family produced many distinguished men, 
 one of the most eminent being William Salesbury, the translator of the New Testament 
 into Welsh, who was second son of Foulk Salesbury of Plas issa, where he was born 
 early in the sixteenth century. — Ed. 
 
 1 His surname, Cyfeiliog, he took from a district so called in Montgomeryshire, 
 containing five parishes. The ruins of his Castle are still seen at Tafolwern in 
 Cyfeiliog. [There are now no ruins to be seen, but the site may be easily distinguished. 
 Tafolwern is in the parish of Llanbrynmair, Montgomeryshire. — Ed^ 
 
 H 
 
58 
 
 ab Elystan Glodrudd,^ the founder of our fifth Royal Tribe, and 
 died in 1128. His son Cyfeiliog, who enjoyed his estates entire, 
 was a man of more eminence, and a busier actor in the constant 
 contentions of that restless time. He bore an honorable share 
 in the battle of Crogen, from which the second Henry retreated 
 with considerable loss and personal danger. In 11 76 he attended 
 the summons of Henry, to meet him at Oxford, and to confer 
 with him on Welsh affairs. 
 
 I next find him in a business of family pillage, in which he 
 plundered lorwerth goch, his father's half-brother, of his estates 
 in Powys. This drew upon him the justice of Owain Gwynedd, 
 Prince of North Wales, and of Rh;^s ab Gruffudd, of the South ; 
 and together they drove him from his country, which with the 
 assistance of the English he recovered in part; but was reduced 
 by Rh^^s after the death of Owain, and again restored on proper 
 concessions. He married Gwenllian, the daughter of Owain 
 Gwynedd ; by her he had one son, Gwenwynwyn, who inherited 
 his estates entire, excepting the Cwmmwds of Llannerch hudol 
 and Broniarth, which his father had parcelled off in favor of his 
 natural son, Caswallon. Cyfeiliog founded the Cistertian Abbey 
 of Ystrad Marchell,^ and died a very aged man in 1197. He 
 
 ^ Elystan or Athelstane Glodrudd was godson to the Saxon King, Athelstane. 
 — Tracts of Powys, p. 16 note. 
 
 2 Virginis et nitidum Marcellae struxit Asylum. — Pentarchia. This once famous 
 abbey (Strata Marcella) stood on the banks of the Severn, about two miles below Welsh- 
 pool, but not a vestige of it now remains. It was founded according to Bishop Tanner in 
 the year 11 70. Owen Cyfeiliog died and was buried there, having previously taken 
 upon himself the habit of religion. His arms were Or a lion rampant Gules armed azure / 
 or, as some say Gules, a lion rampant or. — Ed. 
 
59 
 
 was a distinguished Bard^ also, as what he left^ may testify; 
 and in our Augustan^ age of Welsh poetry. The Saxons, at 
 
 1 Mr. Andrews has well observed, that the tale of Edward the First's cruelty to the 
 Bards, in the next century, has no foundation, but an obscure tradition, and a hint in 
 the Gwydir history. Edward hath been also accused of having destroyed all the 
 ancient records and writings in Scotland. This is ably refuted by Sir David Dalrymple. 
 But an order at that time subsisted to silence the Welsh Bards. Our countrymen were 
 more severely treated by the Fourth Henry, when the Welsh were rendered by an act 
 of Parliament incapable of purchasing lands, or of performing any office in any town, 
 or of having any Castle or house of defence. English Judges and Juries were to decide 
 disputes between English and Welsh : Englishmen that married Welshwomen* were 
 disfranchised, and no Welshman might bind his child to any trade, nor breed him up to 
 literature. The absurdities of these ordinances counteracted their virulence ; and the 
 moderation of the Fifth Henry having laid them to sleep ; if not repealed, they were 
 at least forgotten. 
 
 2 His poem, called Hirlas Owain (finely translated into English verse by the 
 Reverend Mr. Williams of Fron), affords a specimen of his martial spirit, as well as of 
 his poetic talents. 
 
 •'' Poetry and good language was in greater perfection in Wales, a little before and a 
 little after the Norman Conquest, than it hath been since ; and the historical part of 
 our Poems is a great light to Historians, both English and Welsh, Irish and Scotch. 
 Goronwy Owain on this subject says, "I find the old metres were, what all compositions 
 of that nature should be, that is. Lyric verses adapted to the tunes and music then in 
 use. Of this sort were the several kinds of Englynion, Cywyddau, Odlau, Gwawdodyn, 
 Toddaid, Trybedd y Myneich and Clogyrnach, which appear to have in their com- 
 position the authentic stamp of genuine Lyric poetry, and of true primitive antiquity. 
 As to the rest, I mean Gorchest y Beirdd, Huppynt hir and byr, being the newest, 
 they were falsely thought the most ingenious and accurate kind of metres. But I look 
 upon them to be rather depravations than improvements in our poetry. What a 
 grovelling, low thing that Gorchest y Beirdd is ? And I would have an impartial 
 answer, whether the old, despised, exterminated Englyn Milwr hath not something of 
 antique majesty in its composition. Now, when I have a mind to write good sense in 
 such a metre as Gorchest y Beirdd, and so begin, and the language itself does not afford 
 words that will come in to finish with sense and Cynghanedd too, what must I do ? 
 
 * Henry no doubt was jealous of the charms of our countrywomen, and fearful of their influence on his 
 English subjects. 
 
6o 
 
 least for some time, were no poets ; they landed here, without 
 an alphabet. The Normans had their Jongleurs,^ Troubadours, 
 and Provencial songs, the Monks jingled their Latin doggrel ; 
 but until the days of Gower, Chaucer and Lydgate, native 
 English numbers were in a manner unknown ;^ the scholar since 
 hath excelled his master ; 
 
 Nosque ubi primus eguis Oriens afflavit anhelis, 
 Illinc sera rubens accendit lumina Vesper, 
 
 Why, to keep Cynghanedd (i. e. the alliteration) I must write nonsense to the end of 
 the metre, and cramp and fetter good sense ; whilst the dictionary is overturned and 
 tormented to find out words of a like ending, sense or nonsense ; and besides, suppose 
 our language was more comprehensive and significant than it is (which we have no 
 reason or room to wish) what abundance of mysterious sense is such an horrid, jingling 
 metre of such a length able to contain ! In short as I understand that it and its fellows 
 were introduced by the authority of an Eisteddfod, I wish we had an Eisteddfod again, 
 to give them their dimittimus to some peaceable acrostick land, to sport and converse 
 with the spirits of deceased Puns, Quibbles, and Conundrums of pious memory ; then 
 would I gladly see the true primitive metres reinstated in their ancient dignity, and 
 sense regarded more than a hideous jingle of words, which hardly ever bear it." 
 
 The Welsh poetry had a great compass and variety. Dr, John David Rh^s the 
 physician and grammarian, who took his degree in Italy, introduces a comparison 
 between the Welsh and Italian poetry, and inserts a whole Italian poem, marked in the 
 manner he has done the Welsh. In Metastasio is a poem similar to a very favorite 
 measure in Welsh.poetry ; viz. 
 
 Sopra il santissimo. Natale Ode, Vol. 9. 
 In this, the end of the first line rhimes to the middle of the second, and the end of the 
 second to the middle of the third. 
 
 1 This species of Minstrels ended in the conjuring art ; hence our Jugglers. 
 ' We must not wonder, if the English verse in those early centuries appear uncouth. 
 The bard had to do with a harsh, though nervous language, frowned on by the 
 Court, neglected by the Gentry, and disguised by a most unintelligible mode of 
 spelling.— J. P. A. 
 
 The son of Owain Gwynedd, Hywel (who fell in the contention for his father's 
 throne) brother to Madog the navigator, hath written his own battles in verse, and some 
 
6i 
 
 The Britons had taught the Saxons to read, and given them 
 the first of all things in Christianity itself, which they spread 
 and adorned with ten Cathedrals.^ 
 
 Gwenwynwyn began early the career of his family ; and in 
 the life of his father, with his base brother Caswallon, he made 
 
 love verses in a most elegant manner, of which we have several copies in Wales. Our 
 Princes and chieftains continued this custom of writing their own actions, as late as 
 Henry the Second's time, the age of Hywel. Poetry was so sacred with these people, 
 that they never suffered invented fables, the chief ingredient in heroic poetry, to have 
 a footing in it, which is the reason that neither the Gauls, Britons, Irish, Picts, Cornish 
 or Armoricans, ever had to this day a poem in the nature of the Iliad or Eneid. 
 " Poetry," says Mr. Morris, hath been with us the sacred respository of the actions of 
 great men ; and it hath been so, from the most ancient times, in other nations ; as the 
 song of Moses, among the Jews, of the defeat of the Egyptians. Taliesin's historical 
 poem of the Tombs of the Warriors of Britain is a noble piece of antiquity, and strikes 
 great light on the events of those times, when compared with the Triades, the Brut y 
 Brenhinoedd, and the succeeding writers. The book of Triades, in British Trioedd 
 Ynys Prydain, or the Threes of the Island of Britain, seems to have been written about 
 the year 650, and some parts of it collected out of the most ancient monuments of the 
 kingdom, but not from the same fountain as Brut y Brenhinoedd ; as there are facts 
 and matters in the Triades not to be found in the Brut, and also several things which 
 the author of the Brut never would have omitted, if he had met with them. The 
 Triades hath always been quoted by our British poets from age to age, though Geoffrey 
 of Monmouth, the Latin translator of Tyssilio, never saw it, or else he would have 
 embellished his translation with its contents, instead of the ridiculous things which he 
 hath added to it from Myrddin Emrys, and oral tradition." It is called by some 
 writers, and by the translator of Camden, the Book of Triplicities. The Britons, as 
 well as other nations of old, had a particular veneration for odd numbers, and especially 
 for that of Three. Their most ancient poetry consists of Three lined stanzas, called 
 Englyn Milwr, the Warrior's Verse. Their most remote history is divided into sections, 
 being combinations of some Three similar events. All men of note, whether famous or 
 infamous, were classed together by Threes ; Virtues and Vices were tripled together in 
 the same manner ; and the Druids conveyed their instructions in moral and natural 
 philosophy to their people, in sentences of Three parts. 
 
 1 Canterbury, Rochester, London, York, Hereford, Lincoln, Lichfield, Norwich, 
 Worcester and Durham. — Tracts of Powys, p. 18, note. 
 
A.D. 
 
 62 
 
 a predatory excursion by night, and took and plundered the 
 Castle of Carreg Hwfa/ and put to death their Welsh uncle, 
 their father's first cousin, Owain ab Madog, then an old man, 
 whom they found in it. 
 
 His next exploit had a better aspect. He recovered his Castle 
 of Powys,^ on the terms he had lost it, from Archbishop Hubert 
 of Canterbury, who commanded the armies of Richard the First 
 against the Welsh, and held the administration in England, 
 whilst that Prince was absent in Palestine." He next assisted 
 the wicked* Maelgwn to surprize and imprison his brother 
 Gruffudd, Lord of South Wales; and his person being delivered 
 to Gwenwynwyn, he gave him up to the English. Two years 
 TioS ^^^^^ ^^ conceived a great design ; the liberty and extension of 
 his country to its ancient limits. With views so popular he 
 raised a large army, and besieged William de Breos in his 
 Castle of Payn in Radnor. He lay three weeks without effect 
 before it, whilst Breos had time to collect assistance, and was 
 
 ^ The Castle of Carreg Hwfa was taken and despoiled by the two cousin-germans, 
 Owain Cyfeiliog and Owain ab Madog, in the year 1162 ; which latter kept possession 
 of it twenty-five years, when he was besieged in it, and slain in the night by Gwen- 
 wynwyn and Caswallon, sons of Owain Cyfeiliog, his former colleague in plunder and 
 devastation. [This castle stood near the banks of the Vyrnwy, in the parish of Llan- 
 ymynech, Montgomeryshire. There are no ruins or even traces of it now to be seen. — Sd.'] 
 
 2 Gwenwynwyn sanguinis haeres, 
 
 Ante obitum patris, totam subjecit Arustli ; 
 Inde Polae Castrum, quod vi possederat Anglus, 
 Conditione pari, qua perdidit ante, recepit. — Pentarchia. 
 
 8 Richard was but eight months in England, during a reign of ten years. 
 
 * Powel gives him another character ; but I look to his actions, as I find them 
 related. 
 
A.D. 
 1207 
 
 63 
 
 reinforced by the Justiciary of England, Jeffrey Fitzpeter/ who 
 had released the Lord of South Wales, his prisoner, and put 
 him at the head of his countrymen, who joined him in great 
 numbers. Gwenwynwyn engaged the whole, and in the open 
 plain near the Castle, and was defeated. 
 
 Yet unsubdued, he refused allegiance to his sovereign Llywelyn, a.d. 
 but was again reconciled, and took the same oaths of fidelity 
 to him, as he had before done to the King of England ; from 
 the last, he had been discharged by a dispensation from Rome. 
 And here it should seem he had some hardship ; he was detained 
 a prisoner at Shrewsbury, whither he went to consult the English 
 Council ; and however an offence this to his own Prince, who 
 seized his country, it was an ungrateful return from England. 
 He was restored to his liberty by John, three years after ; by 
 whose assistance he recovered his possessions ; and he attended 
 him in an unsuccessful expedition into Wales the year following. 
 
 The next year [121 1] he is in arms on the part of Llywelyn, 
 and with other great men of Wales, they drove John with 
 disgrace from the country. He kept his faith but five years ; 
 deserted once more to John, was pursued by Llywelyn, his 
 country taken, and himself driven within the walls of Chester. 
 Reviewing his character, little good is to be found in it ; but 
 he was a man of spirit in the field. He had moreover, in a 
 
 1 Fitzpeter was an eminent character. He was dreaded by John, who yet dared not 
 to remove him from his great office. When John heard of his death, he exultingly 
 cried, "And is he gone then ? Well, let him go to hell, and join Archbishop Hubert. 
 By God's foot I am now for the first time King of England." — Matthew Paris. 
 
64 
 
 religious sense, improved his father's foundation of Ystrad Marchell. 
 By his wife Margaret, daughter of Lord Rh^^s of South Wales, 
 he left one son Gruffudd.^ 
 
 ^ jj Him I find, with other leading men of Wales, soliciting the 
 
 1 241 third Henry to release Gruffudd, the brother of Dafydd, the 
 reigning Prince ; an event already related. Two years after he 
 was restored to his estates (forfeited to Dafydd) by Henry, who 
 exercised this power as Sovereign of Wales, and to whom 
 Dafydd had made his eatire submission. He steadily for a 
 time adhered to the English, and was alone among his country- 
 men in that particular, refusing to join Dafydd; again he returned 
 to his allegiance, during the life of that Prince. 
 
 I find him next in exile, and his estates confiscated by the 
 succeeding Prince, Llywelyn ; but again he temporized, and 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1 Before I part with Gwenwynwyn, let me relate from Giraldus an incident which 
 1 188 passed between his father Cyfeiliog and our Henry the Second. " We had excommu- 
 nicated," says the historian, " Owain Cyfeiliog, because he was the only one of the 
 Princes, that had not paid proper respect in person to us. This Owain was the most 
 eloquent of all the Welsh, and governed his part of the country with great prudence. 
 He had contracted an intimate friendship with Henry, and sided with him generally 
 against his countrymen. In consequence of this, some time after, sitting at table with the 
 King at Shrewsbury, Henry handed him a piece of his bread, as a mark of his Royal favor. 
 Owain immediately cut it into pieces, as it were eleemosynary bread, or that which is 
 given among different people ; and then removing it at some distance from him, and 
 again bringing it nearer to him, he ate each piece separately. Upon the King desiring 
 to know the reason of this, Owain with a feigned smile replied, " I show my master by 
 this manner of breaking the bread, how he ought to conduct himself in ecclesiastical 
 matters ; " alluding to the King's keeping in his own hands the vacant preferments 
 longer than he ought to have done, and not distributing them among the persons proper 
 to take the care of them. [Gwenwynwyn's arms were, Or a lion's gamb dexterways 
 erased gules, armed azure. Eyton (Antiquities of Shropshire, vol. vii., p. 15) says that 
 Gwenwynwyn's wife, Margaret, was the daughter of Robert Corbet, lord of Caus, not 
 of the Lord Rh^s as above stated. — Ed.'\ 
 
65 
 
 again joined his Welsh Sovereign; and as the test of his 
 sincerity, he took and demolished the Castle of Mold/ a frontier 
 English garrison. He must have still changed, for it is matter 
 of complaint,^ on the part of Llywelyn, that Edward the First 
 had received and protected his rebel subject Gruffudd ab Gwen- 
 wynwyn. He [Gruffudd] married Margaret^ the daughter of 
 Hywel y Pedolau,* and had six sons, among whom his lands 
 
 1 Mold in Welsh is called Wyddgrug,= conspicuous. [Gwenwynwyn was living in 
 1246, as appears from a deed, dated 22 April, 30 Hen. III. (DwnrCs Vis. ii., 124 note.) 
 —Ed.'] 
 
 ^ Many causes of animosity subsisted between Edward, Llywelyn, and the Welsh, 
 previous to the final rupture. In the year 1277, the Barons of Snowdon, with other 
 Noblemen of Wales, had attended Llywelyn to London, when he came thither at Christ- 
 mas to do homage to Edward, for the four Cantreds of Rhos, Rhyfoniog, Tegengl, and 
 Dyffryn Clwyd ; and bringing, according to their usual custom, large retinues with 
 them, were quartered at Islington, and the neighbouring villages. These places did not 
 afford milk for such numerous trains ; they liked neither the wine nor the ale of 
 London ; and, though plentifully entertained, were much displeased at the new manner 
 of living, which did not suit with their taste : they slighted the English bread, and 
 their pride too was disgusted by the perpetual staring of the Londoners, who followed 
 them in crowds to gaze at their uncommon garb. " No," cried the indignant Britons, 
 "we never again will visit Islington, except as conquerors ;" and from that instant they 
 resolved to take up arms. — Carte from a MS. in the Mostyn collection. 
 
 ^ Or, according to (Dwnnh Vis. ii., p. 242), Gwenllian. In the Hist, of Powys Fadog 
 (vol. v., p. 43), Gruffudd is stated to have married Hawys, daughter of Sir John 
 L'Estrange of Ness Strange and Cheswardine, Knight. He died in 1289, and was 
 buried in the church of the Franciscans, or Grey Friars, Shrewsbury. He bore Or, 
 a lion rampant Gules. — Ed. 
 
 * Sir Hywel y Pedolau was son of Gruffudd ab lorwerth ab Maredudd ab Methusalem 
 ab Hwfa ab Cynddelw, one of the Fifteen Tribes contemporary with Owain Gwynedd. 
 Sir Hywel was so strong a man, that he could, it is said, straighten horse shoes with his 
 hands ; whence his name y Pedolau, i. e. of the horseshoes. His mother was King 
 Edward the Second's nurse ; and he being a foster-brother to the King was in great 
 favor, and was knighted by him. And here I am led to doubt the policy of Edward 
 
 I 
 
66 
 
 were divided. To Owain^ the eldest were given the Cwmmwds 
 of Arustli, Cyfeiliog, Llannerch hudol, and the half of Caer 
 Einion ; Llywarch* the second, had Mochnant uchaf, and Mechain 
 uwch coed ; John the fourth part of Caer Einion ; William or 
 Wilcock, as the Welsh call him, Mowddwy ; Grufifudd Fychan 
 had Deuddwr, Ystrad Marchell, and the Tairtref,* or three towns 
 on the borders, which came to the family by the marriage of 
 their great great grandfather, Gruffudd ab Maredudd, with the 
 heiress of the house of Elystan Glodrudd ; Dafydd the Sixth 
 and youngest had the remaining fourth of Caer Einion. Owain 
 married Hawys, the daughter of Philip Corbet, Baron of Caus, 
 and by her had an only daughter, Hawys gadarn, or the hardy. 
 
 the First in making his second son Edward a Welshman, and bringing his Queen for 
 that purpose to He in at Carnarvon, his elder son Alphonsus being then alive ; and since 
 the union of England and Wales was a great object, and for which eventually we are 
 much obliged to him,* it seemed to be made more difficult by this measure, as the 
 Welsh might not have easily resigned their countryman and adopted King. [For a 
 fuller account of Sir Hywel y Pedolau and his descendants, see under Hwka ab 
 Cynddelw, the first Noble Tribe of North Wales, post. — Ed^ 
 
 1 Owain ab Gruffudd ab Gwenwynwyn was summoned to a parliament at Shrewsbury, 
 where he acknowledged his lands to be held under the Crown of England in capita, 
 under the tenure of free Baronage, and resigned to the King and his heirs the 
 sovereignty of Powys. Rhj^s of South Wales had done the same at an earlier period. 
 The Sovereigns of North Wales preserved their title of Princes till 1282, on the death 
 of the last Llywelyn. The kingly title ended with Gruffudd ab Cynan. 
 
 2 Or, Llywelyn according to Powel. — Ed. 
 
 ^ Tair Tref lies in the Parish of Myfod, adjoining Mathrafael, the seat of these 
 Princes of Powys. (Tracts of Powys, p. 23, note.J — Ed. 
 
 * " I confess," says Vaughan of Hengwrt, " we have reason to bless God for his mercy to us in our happy- 
 establishment under one Monarch. We may well say we were conquered to our Rain, and undone to our 
 advantage." — Periissemus nisi periissemus. 
 
67 
 
 Her uncles (Wilcock excepted, whence was saved to his des- 
 cendants this lot of his inheritance, and the lordship of Mowddwy 
 is to this day, through the De Burghs, in his heirs general, 
 the Myttons of Halston)^ contended by the gafael, that she 
 could not as a female inherit her father's land ; forgetful that 
 from such Powys was first derived to their family ; and her 
 uncle John raised a force to support his claims, and besieged 
 his niece and her husband in the Castle of Pool [Powis Castle]. 
 They were relieved by Roger [Mortimer] the Minister Earl of 
 Marche,^ and for this service Mortimer had grants from them in 
 
 ^ Since this was written, the lordship of Mawddwy, and most of the other possessions of 
 the Myttons of Halston, have passed into other hands, chiefly through the reckless 
 improvidence of the celebrated " Jack " Mytton who spent the whole of his fine property 
 that was not out of his reach by entail, including £6iOf)00 cash. Of timber alone, it 
 is said, that he sold ^^80,000 worth. He died in the King's Bench Prison, in March, 
 1834, in his thirty-eighth year, and was succeeded by his son, John Fox Mytton, who 
 died in February, 1875. After John Mytton's death, Halston was sold to the late 
 Edmund Wright, Esq. Sir Edmund Buckley, Bart., is the present lord of the Manor 
 of Mawddwy. — Ed. 
 
 ^ There were twenty Lord Marchers, of whom this powerful Peer, with the title of 
 Earl of Marche, was one. They sat among the English Lords, and had the titles of 
 those places they had won from the Welsh. They had originally regal jurisdiction in 
 their several Baronies, where the King's writs did not run. This was intended as a 
 strength against the neighbouring enemy ; but Edward the First, in his statute of 
 Rhuddlan, withdrew this power, for he was able of himself to rule our countrymen. 
 None were erected after that period : they held of the King immediately, that is, in 
 capite, and were accordingly bound to him in personal suit and service, and to find him 
 a certain number of soldiers. In the third of Edward the Second, for the Scotch war I 
 find the Barony of Powys had to send four hundred ; Rhos and Rhyfoniog, that is, 
 Denbigh, two hundred ; Ruthin two hundred ; Dyffryn Clwyd one hundred ; Nant- 
 heudwy and Glyndyfrdwy, two hundred ; Bromfield and lal, two hundred ; numbers 
 exceeding the present Militia proportions.* Henry the Eighth finally reduced their 
 
 * I believe there is little doubt, from these comparative proportions, that North Wales had considerably- 
 more inhabitants than it hath at present, many, as in these times, being necessarily drawn off by trade, and 
 other engagements. 
 
68 
 
 Powys. The cause was then taken before Edward the Second, 
 the feudal Judge of the controversy, and whilst yet before him, 
 he seized and imprisoned the uncles in the Castle of Harlech. 
 They had lost their Court patron, Thomas Earl of Lancaster,^ 
 then without favor and soon without his head, at Pomfret 
 [Pontefract]. The King decided that her issue, whether male or 
 female, should inherit her estates, and if her uncles who litigated 
 left no male issue, their lands should accumulate to her also ; 
 and this was afterwards the case. Moreover he had given her 
 an husband in Sir John Charleton, a gentleman of his chamber,^ 
 who was summoned by writ^ to Parliament in the seventh year 
 of this King, as Lord Powys; whence a Barony in fee was 
 created, descendable to his heirs general. And here I get within 
 the land of dates ; land seldom to be found in the latitudes of 
 
 broken power. Many of these Baronies had fallen to the Crown from purchase, 
 inheritance, or forfeiture. He resumed all or most of the jurisdictions that were left, 
 and deprived the Marchers of the same, leaving them in effect but as Lords of Manors 
 in England. He then ordained Justicest of Assize himself, and Justices of the Peace, 
 Sheriffs, and other Officers ; and divided the country more correctly into counties • and 
 erected Great Sessions and other Courts for its government, by Officers of his own, and 
 according to the Laws of England, and left little or no authority to the Lords Marchers. 
 The former policy, and presents of the Kings of England to their Nobles, had continued 
 from the Norman Conquest until Edward the First ; insomuch that at that time Wales 
 was almost come into the possession of divers English Lords, who held the same of the 
 Kings of England, and not of the Princes of Wales. 
 
 ^ Lancaster possessed the Lordship of Denbigh in virtue of his marriage with the 
 heiress of the Lacys. 
 
 ^ Valectus Regis. Hence Valet. 
 
 ^ There was no representation in the Commons-house from Cheshire or Wales till 
 the Welsh incorporating acts of Henry the Eighth. 
 
 + Henry the English gave us but four Judges to the whole Principality j the Puisnes were added by 
 Elizabeth. Only eight Justices of the Peace were allowed to each Shire by Henry, who formed the new 
 Counties of Monmouth, Denbigh, Montgomery, Brecknock and Radnor. 
 
69 
 
 Welsh genealogy, where such things were usually forgotten. 
 This first Lord of an English house (Appley, in Shropshire,) 
 the son of Sir Alan Charleton, was a man of civil and military 
 talents, had attended his Sovereign, moreover, as his Chamber- 
 lain, in his frequent and unfortunate northern expeditions. He 
 followed for a time then the reforming factions of Lancaster, 
 the refuge and receptacle of all that were distressed and dis- 
 contented; was defeated, and taken with them at Boroughbridge, 
 but escaped the proscriptions which ensued ; came again into favor, 
 and suffered in the insurrection against the King, when his house 
 was pillaged by the London mob. I find him next in early 
 employments and in great consideration with Edward the Third, 
 who sent him on his service to Brabant, and afterwards to 
 Ireland, as Justice or Chief Governor ; and he took with him 
 thither his brother Thomas, Bishop of Hereford, as Chancellor 
 of that kingdom. Our old books speak of him in high esteem 
 for his fidelity, prudence, and valour ; nor amidst his greater 
 employments had he neglected the interests and accommodation 
 of his countrymen ; and he obtained from Edward the Second 
 two weekly markets at Pool and Machynlleth, and two fairs in 
 
 the year at each place. ^ He died at the age of eighty-five ; ■'^•^■ 
 
 1353 
 his wife, the Powys heiress, some time before him ; and as I 
 
 learn from Dugdale and John Salisbury of Erbistock, she lies 
 
 buried in the dissolved house of the grey Friars of her own 
 
 foundation at Shrewsbury. John their son, who succeeded,^ was 
 
 ^ Clarum et venerabile nomen 
 
 Gentibus, et nostrse multum quod profuit urbi. — Lucan. 
 
 ^ This, the second John de Charleton, married Maud, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 
 first Earl of March (see Mont. Coll., i. 259). He died Aug. 30, 1360. — Ed. 
 
70 
 
 summoned to Parliament, from the twenty-eighth to the forty- 
 seventh of Edward the Third ; was Chamberlain of the house- 
 hold to this King, as his father had been to his predecessor ; 
 attended him in that useless and expensive expedition to France 
 in 1339, as did his son [John de Charleton, the third of that 
 name], the Black Prince, in the same kingdom, and to the same 
 effect, in 1370. [The last named John de Charleton] died [July 
 13, 1374,] leaving by his wife Joan, daughter of Ralph, Earl of 
 Stafford,^ John his son, then under age, and a younger son 
 
 1 Ralph Bagot, Lord Stafford, a great soldier and one of the founders of the Garter, 
 was created Earl of Stafford in the twenty-fifth of Edward the Third, and died in the 
 forty-sixth of that reign. He was the son of Edmund, Lord Stafford, who died in the 
 second of Edward the Second, the son of Nicholas, who was killed by the fall of 
 Droselan Castle, which he had undermined, and was besieging in Wales, in the tenth 
 of Edward the First. He was the younger brother of Henry, who died without issue, 
 the two sons of Henry Lord Stafford, who first relinquished his paternal name of Bagot, 
 and assumed his mother's name of Stafford. His father, Harvey Bagot, was a collateral 
 ancestor and a younger brother of Lord Bagot's house ; and marrying Millicent, the 
 daughter and heiress of the Staffords, possessed in her right the title and estate of that 
 great family. To return to Ralph, the first Earl. He left issue, Hugh, his son and 
 heir, who died in the ninth of Richard the Second, leaving issue, Thomas. Thomas 
 died without issue, the sixteenth of that reign, having married Anne, daughter and 
 heiress of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, murdered at Calais ; but on 
 account of their tender age, they never lived together. He was succeeded by his 
 brother William, who dying unmarried four years after, was succeeded by his brother 
 Edmund, who married this Anne, the widow, if so she might be called, of his elder 
 brother Thomas ; and fell, on the part of Henry the Fourth, in the battle of 
 Shrewsbury, leaving by her Humphrey his son and heir, then very young. In him 
 were concentred the great Earldoms of Buckingham, Hereford, Stafford, Northampton 
 and Perche. He was also Lord of Brecknock, Cans and Holderness, and in the twenty- 
 third of Henry the Sixth was advanced to the Dukedom of Buckingham. [His portrait 
 is here given.] He fell in the battle of Northampton, on the part of that King, in 1460 ; 
 as his eldest son, the Earl of Stafford, had fallen on the same side, in the first battle of 
 St. Alban's. His grandson, the Earl of Stafford's son Henry, was restored and succeeded 
 

 ^ '-1 
 
 HUMPHMEY STATFOKDorBAGOT. 
 
 ^/^/ ^ tyo>mam/iaW, 
 
71 
 
 Edward. John was Justice of North Wales, had summons to 
 Parliament from the sixth of Richard the Second to the third 
 of Henry the Fourth, when he died^ leaving no issue. He was 
 succeeded by his brother Edward. This Lord was a sufferer in 
 Glyndwr's* rebellion, and obtained pardon for his tenants in 
 Powys, who submitted, and had been engaged in it. He was 
 warmly attached to Henry the Fourth, who gave him the Garter. 
 In the succeeding reign, he took an active part with the Clergy 
 against the sectaries of that season, persecuted the Lollards, 
 discovered and seized Sir John Oldcastle in Powys where he 
 had been concealed, and who was sacrificed' by our fifth Henry 
 
 his grandfather ,but afterwards lost his head at Salisbury, on the orders of Richard the 
 Third. He was succeeded by his son Edward, restored again by Henry the Seventh, and 
 executed by his cruel son Henry the Eighth. He was succeeded by his son Henry, restored 
 to the barony of Stafford ; Henry by his son Edward ; Edward again by his son Henry. 
 Henry died unmarried in 1637, and was succeeded in this fee barony by the heir general, 
 his sole sister Mary, created afterwards Countess of Stafford. She married Sir William 
 Howard, Knight of the Bath, the second son of Thomas Earl of Arundel, the virtu 
 Lord. Sir William was created Viscount Stafford, and lost his head very unjustly 
 amidst the cruel parties of Charles the Second's time. His family was again restored, 
 and the male line became extinct in the last reign [George the Second] only. What 
 claims remain in heirs general to the barony, I am not competent to say ; but Earl 
 Gower left the title open, being created Marquis of Staffordshire, and not of Stafford. 
 [Sir George William Jerningham, Bart., in 1824, obtained the reversal of the attainder 
 of Viscount Stafford, and claimed for himself the ancient barony of Stafford as lineal 
 heir of his great grandmother, Mary Howard, wife of Francis Plowden, Esq., grand- 
 daughter of Viscount Stafford. In this he was successful, the House of Lords resolving 
 6th July, 1825, that he had made out his claim. He died 4th October, 1851. The 
 present peer is his grandson, f Burke's Peerage.) — Ed.'\ 
 
 ^ This Lord had met the Duke of Lancaster at Leominster, when on his march from 
 Bristol to Chester, after his landing at Ravenspurg. 
 
 2 Owain had burnt the suburbs of the town of Pool. — Carte. 
 
 ' Lord Cobham," says Lord Orford, "was the first author, as well as first martyr, 
 among our Nobility ; a man, whose virtues made him a reformer, whose valor a 
 
72 
 
 his old friend and wild companion,) to an ecclesiastical bribe^ 
 
 martyr, whose martyrdom an enthusiast." He was suspended by a chain fastened 
 round his waist over a slow fire. This torturing death he bore with constancy ; and 
 with his last breath he conjured Sir Thomas Erpingham, that if he should see him rise 
 from the grave in three days, he would then intercede with the King in favor of his 
 brethren, the Lollards. The Lordship of Broniarth was granted to the family of Tanad 
 of Aber Tanad, the fifth of Henry the Fifth, for the assistance they gave in the 
 apprehension of Oldcastle ; in it is a field, called to this day Lord Cobham's garden. 
 Sir Gruffudd Fychan, Lord of Byrgedwyn, Treflydan, Garth and Caer fawr, in the 
 opening of the fifteenth century, with his elder brother Jeuan, are parties to a deed in 
 the possession of Mr. Mytton of Garth ; whereby Edward Charleton, Lord of Powys, 
 grants them several privileges for assisting in taking Sir John Oldcastle, in the third of 
 Henry the Fifth, when the King himself was absent in France. From Dafydd Lloyd, 
 eldest son of Sir Gruffudd, are descended the Lloyds of Llai, of Harrington, and Welsh 
 Pool ; from Cadwaladr, the second son, the Lloyds of Maes mawr, of Rhandir, and 
 Humphrey ab Roger of Treflydan. Reinallt, his third son, under his claim as the 
 youngest, had the family house at Garth. His grandson, John ab GrufFudd ab Reinallt, 
 was the first who took the name of Wynn, pure or white ; whether from the flaxen 
 colour of his hair, the paleness or delicacy of his complexion, or from some amiable 
 qualities of his mind. " Humphrey Wynn, son of John Wynn of this House, was 
 living in the year 1560." The sixth in descent from Humphrey married Dorothy, 
 daughter of John Powel Esquire of Worthen, and had issue an only daughter Dorothy, 
 married to Richard Mytton Esquire of Pont is Cowryd, who had issue Devereux 
 Mytton Esquire, the present [1799] worthy possessor of Garth and Pont is Cowryd. 
 [Mr. Mytton died in 1809, and (his eldest son Richard having died in his lifetime) was 
 succeeded by his grandson, the Rev. Richard Mytton, LL.B., whose son Richard 
 Herbert Mytton Esquire succeeded him. The last named gentleman died in May, 
 1869, and his eldest son, Devereux Herbert Mytton Esquire, is the present owner of 
 the estates. The above statements with reference to the grant of the lordship of 
 Broniarth are not quite correct, the author having committed the error of ascribing to 
 the family of Tanad the original grant, instead of to their predecessors. From documents 
 at Brogyntyn, it appears that the lordship was granted to leuan and Sir Griffith Vaughan, 
 the two sons of Griffith ap leuan ap Madog ap Wenwys, by Sir Edward Charleton, on 
 loth March, 8th Henry the Fifth (1420), being about three years after the capture of 
 Lord Cobham. leuan Llwyd ap David, of Abertanad, by his marriage with Maud, 
 granddaughter of the above-named leuan, acquired Aa/f of Broniarth, and his grandson 
 Thomas Tannatt, in the reign of Elizabeth, purchased the other moiety of Humphrey 
 Lloyd, a descendant of Sir GrufFudd Vaughan. fMont Coll. iv., p. 366.) — Ed^ 
 
 1 Archbishop Chicheley had earnestly forwarded this French war, which that country 
 
73 
 
 for his French war. Charleton sent his son-in-law, Sir John 
 Grey, to bring him a prisoner to London ; and for this service 
 Lord Powys had the thanks of Parliament. He was summoned 
 as a Peer, from the third of Henry the Fourth to the eighth 
 of Henry the Fifth, and died in 142 1, leaving issue by his wife 
 Eleanor, the widow of Roger Mortimer Earl of Marche,^ two 
 
 itself then deprecated ; and it gives Mr. Andrews very good room to doubt the tennis- 
 balls story, said to have been sent by the Dauphin to Henry at that time. Chicheley 
 dreaded lest Henry should lend an ear to his Parliament, who still harped on the vast 
 advantages which might be gained by seizing the possessions of the Church, and wished 
 to amuse him with war ; and, by way of composition, the Abbey lands, which depended 
 on foreign Monasteries, and which had been given to the English Clergy, were yielded 
 to the King by the Priesthood, and he complimented them again, by persecuting 
 the Lollards. 
 
 ^ By Mortimer she was mother of Anne, Countess of Cambridge, the heiress of 
 England and Wales, and to whom our gracious Sovereign, in every rule of right, the 
 Catholic line necessarily excluded, is lawful heir and lineal successor. 
 
 [Victoria, daughter and only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth son of] George 
 the Third, the eldest son, by Augusta of Saxegotha, of Frederick, Prince of Wales, the 
 son of George the Second, the son of George the First, the son of Ernest Augustus, 
 Elector of Hanover, by Sophia, the daughter of Frederick Elector Palatine, and 
 Elizabeth, the daughter of James the First, the son of Lord Darnley and Mary, Queen 
 of Scotland, the daughter of James the Fifth, the son of James the Fourth by Margaret, 
 the eldest daughter of Henry the Seventh by Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of Edward 
 the Fourth, the eldest son of Richard Duke of York, the son of Richard of Conisburg 
 Earl of Cambridge, by Anne daughter and heiress of Roger Earl of Marche, the son of 
 Edmund, Earl of Marche, by Philippa daughter and sole heiress of Lionel Duke of 
 Clarence, the third son of Edward the Third. This Edmund was the son of Edmund 
 Mortimer, the son of Roger, the first Earl of Marche of this family, the son of 
 Edmund, the son of Roger, the son of Ralph by Gwladys Ddu, or the Black, the 
 heiress of her brother Dafydd ab Llywelyn, the son of Llywelyn ab lorwerth, or 
 Leolinus Magnus, Prince of North Wales, the eldest son of lorwerth Drwyn-dwnn, 
 the eldest son of Owain Gwynedd, the son of GrufFudd ab Cynan, the son of Cynan, 
 the son of lago or James, the son of Idwal, the son of Meurig, the son of Idwal foel, 
 the son of Anarawd, the eldest son of Rhodri fawr, or Roderick the Great, the son of 
 
 K 
 
74 
 
 daughters, Joan and Joyce. Joan married Sir John Grey of 
 Heton,^ who had the moiety of her estate, of which the Castle 
 and Lordship of Powys were a part. He was, in the language 
 of our Chroniclers, a man of great action, of great descent also, 
 the son of Sir Thomas Grey of Berwick by Jane, daughter of 
 John Lord Mowbray. He distinguished himself in the Fifth 
 Henry's French war ; had large grants from this Prince in that 
 kingdom, with the Earldom and Castle of Tankerville ; but it 
 does not appear he held English privileges, from his foreign 
 honor ; and his grandson seems to have discontinued the title. 
 He remained in service in France, and Henry gave him the 
 
 Merfyn fr^ch, and Esyllt, the daughter and heiress of the last Prince Cynan Tindaethwy, 
 the son of Rhodri Molwynog, the son of Idwal iwrch (or the roe) the son of Cadwaladr, 
 the last King of the Britons, who abdicated, and died at Rome in 688. Her present 
 gracious Majesty is right heir, in lineal succession, to the British, Cambro-British, Anglo- 
 Saxon, Anglo-Norman, English and Scottish Kings. 
 
 I would just observe here that the last Prince of Wales, Llywelyn, and his brother 
 David, Lord of Denbigh (be their father legitimate or not), left but each a daughter ; 
 and Edward the First compelled both to become Nuns to prevent their having issue, 
 to create him or his successors any disturbance ; so that in no case do this family stand 
 in the way of our present gracious [Queen] 's regular succession to Wales. — Tracts 
 of Powys, p. 30, note. 
 
 1 Of the house of Heton, in Northumberland, was Sir Thomas Grey, who fell in that 
 strange unintelligible plot at Southampton with the Earl of Cambridge, in the second 
 year of Henry the Fifth. Shakespeare has told this story pathetically, but I conceive 
 unjustly to the sufferers. They were put to death, and their crimes rather declared 
 afterwards to the people, than proved to public satisfaction before their execution. 
 Cambridge had married the heiress of the Crowns of England and Wales. Shakespeare 
 has heightened another scene, and marries Anne, the daughter and coheiress of Warwick 
 (the widow, as he states her, of Edward Prince of Wales) to Richard Duke of Gloucester, 
 who murdered her husband ; whereas Anne was never married to Edward, but 
 betrothed to him only. 
 
75 
 
 Garter, till with the Duke of Clarence,^ and other distinguished 
 soldiers, 
 
 Qui multum fleti ad superos, belloque caduci, 
 
 he fell in the unfortunate action at Baug6 in 142 1. By his 
 wife Joan he left a son, Henry de Powys, who is styled Earl 
 of Tankerville. He was a child at his father's death, and in 
 the sixth of Henry the Sixth was knighted with his young 
 Sovereign at Leicester by the regent Duke of Bedford. He 
 married Antigony, the illegitimate daughter of Humphrey, the 
 regent Duke of Gloucester, and died in the twenty-eighth of 
 Henry the Sixth, leaving issue Richard and Humphrey, and a 
 daughter Elizabeth married to Sir Roger Kynaston of Hordley; 
 whence a claim in that family to this fee Barony.^ 
 
 ^ Clarence had been deceived by false intelligence. He thought the van of the Scots 
 had been separated from the main body, and attacked them with his cavalry alone. 
 Finding his error, he fought desperately to redeem it ; but numbers overpowered him. 
 A Knight, named Swinton, wounded him in the face, and the mace of Lord Buchan 
 deprived him of life. In the battle, besides Clarence, the Lords Roos and 
 Tankerville were slain ; the Earls of Dorset, Somerset, and Huntingdon, were taken 
 prisoners. Buchan, who had been made Constable of France for this service, lost both 
 life and victory, four years after, in the battle of Vernueil against Bedford, the younger 
 brother of Clarence. Petrarch attributes the defeat suffered by the French, about this 
 time, to their drunkenness. Their success under Dumourier of late is said to have 
 arisen from it. 
 
 ^ The barony of Powys which fell into abeyance on the death of Edward Grey, in 
 1551-2, has been the subject of some litigation. It was claimed in 1584, by Henry 
 Vernon, Esq. of Stokesay, in the County of Salop, in right of his grandmother, Anne, 
 cousin and coheir of Edward the last Lord Powys, but the claim was not prosecuted. 
 In 1731, it was again formally claimed by John Kynaston, Esq., of Hordley, in the 
 County of Salop, whose claim was opposed on behalf of the Vernon family, by Sir 
 Nathaniel Curzon, Bart, (ancestor of the present Lord Scarsdale). The petitions and 
 documents in support thereof on both sides were referred to the [Lords'] Committee of 
 
76 
 
 To return to Richard. He shared in that contentious time, 
 
 and was attainted in the Parliament at Coventry in the short 
 
 interval of Henry's, or rather his Queen's, success, in 1460. 
 
 I find him next restored, and at the siege of Alnwick with the 
 
 Earl of Warwick, in the second of Edward the Fourth ; and 
 
 in the sixth of that king he died, leaving by his wife Margaret, 
 
 the daughter of James Lord Audley, a son John, then six 
 
 years old. He was a soldier also, as most men in that time, 
 
 of his station, seem to have been. He served under the Earl 
 
 of Oxford at the siege and sack of Ardres. He had summons 
 
 to Parliament from the twenty-second of Edward the Fourth, by 
 
 ^•^' the style of Grey de Powys, to his death. At the former 
 1494 
 
 Privileges, but Mr. Kynaston dying in 1733, no decision was given. In 1800, Mr. 
 Kynaston's grandson, John Kynaston Powell, Esq., of Hardwick, in the County of Salop, 
 again claimed the barony. Counter petitions were presented to the House of Lords, 
 and referred to their Committee of Privileges, by Lords Scarsdale, Lilford, and Powis. 
 The Committee having been informed that there were then living coheirs of John, 
 Earl of Worcester (who died in 1470), the son of John Lord Tiptoft, by Joyce de 
 Charleton, coheiress with Joan de Charleton, wife of Sir John Grey (Earl of Tankerville), 
 and lineal ancestor of the said Edward Grey, directed notice of the claim to be given 
 to them as possible coheirs of the barony, whereupon Mr. Kynaston Powell ceased to 
 prosecute his claim. — (See account of Proceedings in Mont. Coll., i., pp. 362-423.) — Ed. 
 
 In or about the year 1447, Henry Grey, at the instigation it is said of the Queen 
 (Margaret of Anjou) under some pretence, summoned Sir GrufTudd Fychan, of 
 Guilsfield (who as we have seen, ante p. 72 note, had taken an active part in the arrest of Sir 
 John Oldcastle), to appear before him at the castle of Pool. He at first demurred, but 
 receiving what he considered " a safe conduct," he resolved to comply with the summons. 
 No sooner, however, had he arrived at the court-yard of the castle, than he was 
 apprehended, and, in the presence of Henry Grey, beheaded on the spot. Several 
 Welsh poets wrote pathetic elegies upon his death. Sir GrufTudd had been knighted, 
 it is said, on the field of Agincourt for his distinguished exploits in that battle. — (Mont. 
 Coll., i., p. 335, and ii., p. 139.)— -.fii/. 
 
period he was just come of age; but the Barony was his own 
 since the attainder and execution of Tiptoft, the learned but 
 temporizing Earl of Worcester,^ during the short restoration of 
 Henry the Sixth, when the abeyance ceased. John married 
 Anne, the daughter of William Herbert Earl of Pembroke, the 
 first of that name, and left a son John. He died at the age 
 of nineteen, leaving by his wife Margaret, daughter of Edmund 
 Lord Dudley, a son Edward, aged one year. Edward married 
 Anne, one of the daughters^ of Charles Brandon, Duke of 
 Suffolk. By her he had no issue ; but by Jane Orwel, daughter* 
 of Sir Lewis Orwel, he left four illegitimate children, Edward 
 Grey, and three daughters. The last Lord served in France, 
 and attended his father-in-law, Suffolk, in the campaign of 1524, 
 when some French towns were taken, but nothing very memor- 
 able done, or perhaps in the way of conquest should be 
 attempted.* He died in 1551. He suffered a recovery of his 
 
 1 The first Earl of Worcester of the name of Tiptoft was son to Joyce, the younger 
 sister and coheiress of the Charletons. "When he fell," says Caxton, "the axe did 
 then at one blow cut off more learning than was left in the heads of the surviving 
 nobility." 
 
 2 By his second wife Anne. Suffolk's third wife was Mary, sister to Henry the 
 Eighth, and widow of Lewis the Twelfth of France. 
 
 3 " Nothing is more frequent in the Knightly ages," says Mr. Andrews, " than to 
 find the daughters of Barons, living unmarried with Kings and Noblemen. So 
 Humphrey Duke of Gloucester married Eleanor, daughter of Reginald Lord Cobham, 
 whom he had long kept as his mistress. In like manner the Cardinal Beaufort had left 
 an illegitimate daughter by Alice, daughter of Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel." 
 
 * The Parliament of 142 1 presented an address to Henry the Fifth, in which they 
 observed that the conquest of France would be the ruin of England ; and the reasons 
 are obvious. In 1420 they had presented two petitions to the same effect. 
 
78 
 
 estates, and by feofifment, will and codicil, settled the same in 
 default of lawful issue on Jane Orwel for her life, remainder 
 to Edward Grey, his natural son by her, in tail. In 1568^ this 
 Edward Grey conveys the manor of Pl4s dinas to Edward 
 Kynaston of Hordley, still in the family, in consideration of his 
 relinquishing his claim to the other estates, as heir at law to 
 the last Lord. In the twenty-ninth of Elizabeth the same 
 Edward Grey conveys the Lordship and Castle of Powys to 
 Sir Edward Herbert, the second son of that able statesman, 
 fine scholar, and eminent soldier, William Herbert, Earl of 
 Pembroke,^ the second of his name and title, who flourished 
 
 ^ This date was wrongly given in the text as 1560 ; it should be 1568, being the 
 tenth Elizabeth. — See Tracts of Powys and Mont. Coll., i., p. 378. — Ed. 
 
 2 Sir John Price in an Epistle Dedicatory to this Lord, with his Latin defence of the 
 British History against Polydore Vergil, the last collector of the Peterpence in England, 
 compliments Pembroke as a scholar and critic. Sir John did not live to publish 
 this book, which was printed by his son, Richard Price, in 1573, about twenty years 
 after the father's death. Sir John first published the Lord's Prayer, Creed, and the 
 Ten Commandments in the Welsh tongue [in 1546], and gave us the topography of 
 Wales, which was augmented by Humphrey Llwyd, and stands at the head of our 
 earlier Welsh histories. He had also assisted his friend Leland in his Assertio Arthurii. 
 Sir John Price was of Brecknockshire, a Doctor of both Laws, and one of the King's 
 Council in the Court of the Marches ; and, says Mr. Morris, " was a man of good 
 abilities, and had opportunities of understanding the history of the Ancient Britons, 
 being one of the Commissioners employed by Henry the Eighth to survey the 
 Monasteries, that were to be dissolved. By his defence he does not appear to have 
 carefully perused the British copy of Tyssilio, interrupted perhaps by the hurry of 
 business ; for he hath not urged all that he might have said to the matter in dispute, 
 provided he had carefully compared the original with the translation, and if he had 
 also had a thorough knowledge of our Ancient British Bards, who best knew the use 
 of words, and whose works were indeed the root and foundation of the Ancient British 
 History ; the histories of the origin of most nations being on the same footing." 
 
79 
 
 under four Princes,^ of different aspects, and in difficult times. 
 Sir Edward died in 1594, having restored the Castle; and had 
 sepulture at [Welsh] Pool. He married an heiress of the 
 Stanleys of Hertfordshire, the daughter of Thomas Stanley of 
 Standon, Master of the Mint, and was succeeded by his son, 
 William, made Knight of the Bath, at the coronation of James the 
 First, and by his son, Charles, created Lord Powys.* He married 
 Eleanor, the daughter of Henry Percy, the eighth Earl of 
 Northumberland, and had one son, Percy, who succeeded him. 
 Percy had been made Knight and Baronet, his father then 
 living, by James the First, in his rage of Knighthood^ and 
 Baronetism. He died in 1666, and was buried at [Welsh] Pool, 
 leaving issue by his wife, Elizabeth, sister of the first Earl of 
 
 ^ Henry the Eighth, Edward, Mary and Elizabeth. 
 
 ^ In his time, Powis Castle was besieged and taken by the Parliament army, under 
 Sir Thomas Myddelton, on the 2nd October, 1644, and Lord Powis was taken prisoner, 
 and sent to London upon his parol, where he remained at his lodging in the Strand ; 
 his estates being sequestrated, and £^ per week being allowed him for his maintenance 
 by the Committee of Sequestrators. Besides his son Percy, he had two daughters, 
 Katherine, wife of Sir James Palmer ; and Lucy, wife of William Abingdon, Esq. — Ed. 
 
 ' This ceremony, and so often repeated, must have been disagreeable to James. Sir 
 Kenelm Digby tells us, " he hated a drawn sword, since the fright his mother was in, 
 during her pregnancy, at the sight of the swords, with which David Rizzio, her 
 Secretary, was assassinated in her presence ; and hence it came," says Sir Kenelm, 
 " that her son had such an aversion all his life to a drawn sword.* I remember," 
 proceeds he, " when he dubbed me Knight, in the ceremony of putting a naked sword 
 on my shoulder, he could not endure to look upon it, but turned his face another way ; 
 insomuch that, in lieu of touching my shoulder, he had almost thrust the point into my 
 eyes, had not the Duke of Buckingham guided his hand aright." I remember to have 
 
 * James is said to have been painted abroad with a scabbard without a sword, and with a sword, which 
 nobody could draw, though several were pulling at it. — Passim, 
 
8o 
 
 Craven, one son, William,^ who was created Earl by Charles 
 the Second, and by his brother James Marquis, and finally after 
 his abdication Duke of Powys. He married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of the Marquis of Worcester, and died in the Court of St. 
 Germain's in 1696. He was succeeded by his son, William, 
 who was restored to the Earldom and Marquisate. He married 
 a co-heiress of the Prestons of Furness in Lancashire, and by 
 her had two sons, William and Edward, and many daughters. 
 Lady Mary, the eldest,^ fell under the lash of Pope. The last 
 Marquis, William, died without issue, and left his estates to 
 Henry Arthur Herbert of Oakley Park, created Earl Powys by 
 George the Second, who afterwards married Barbara, niece to 
 the Marquis, and daughter of his brother. Lord Edward. The 
 
 heard, that when he knighted old Sir William Morice of Clenenneu in Carnarvonshire, 
 and turning upon him, after he quitted his sword, " By Christ," says the King, " I fear 
 I have knighted an old woman," and Sir William's picture justifies the notion. James 
 was personally not unknown to the Welsh. He had progressed to Chester in 16 17, and 
 was attended by great numbers of our countrymen, who came out of curiosity to see 
 him. The weather was very dry, the roads dusty, and the King almost suffocated. 
 He did not know well how to get civilly rid of them, when one of his attendants, 
 putting his head out of the coach, said, " It was his Majesty's pleasure, that those, who 
 were the best Gentlemen, should ride forwards." AA\'ay scampered the Welsh ; and 
 one solitary man was left behind. " And so, Sir," says the King to him, " and you are 
 not a Gentleman then ? " " Oh yes, and please hur Majesty, hur is as good a Shentle- 
 man, as the rest ; but hur Ceffyl, God help hur, is not so good," 
 
 1 He had also a daughter Mary who married George, Lord Talbot. — Ed. 
 
 2 But nobler scenes Maria's dreams unfold. 
 Hereditary realms, and worlds of gold. 
 
 She went to France with a large sum of money, got in the Mississippi bubble, with a 
 view of marrying the Pretender, and she had a notion also of going as an adventurer 
 to the South American Gold Mines. 
 
8i 
 
 present EarP is the son of this alliance, and is descended from 
 Sir Richard Herbert, who, on their defeat at Banbury,* was 
 taken and beheaded with his brother, the Earl of Pembroke,' 
 by the rebel army, and in retaliation of similar cruelties, par- 
 ticularly in North Wales, committed by their own. Richard, 
 the second son of Sir Richard, who died at Banbury, was great 
 grandfather to the historical, the philosophical, that right whimsical 
 Peer, Edward Herbert, first Baron of Cherbury ; the man at once 
 and together, the negociator, the scholar, statesman, soldier; the 
 genius and absurdity of his time and nation.* 
 
 ^ This was George Edward Henry Arthur Herbert, who died unmarried, in 1801, when 
 the title became extinct. The estates passed to his only surviving sister, Lady Henrietta 
 Antonia, wife of Edward, second Lord Clive, who in May, 1804, was created Earl of Powis 
 — the first of the present line. He died May i6th, 1839, and was succeeded by his son, 
 Edward, second Earl of Powis, who died January 17th, 1848. Upon his death, 
 Edward James, the present Earl, inherited the title and estates. — Bd. 
 
 ^ At the above mentioned battle, Sir Richard mowed his way through the whole 
 army of Northern men, with his poleaxe, twice and back again ; a deed of strength 
 and valour hardly credible ! When ordered for execution, Pembroke asked not for 
 his own life, but wished his brother. Sir Richard, might be spared, as he was a soldier, 
 he said, fit to serve any Prince in Christendom. Sir Richard was higher by the head 
 than any one in the army. — Life of Lord Herbert 
 
 ^ Pembroke beheaded Thomas ab Robin of Cochwillan, of the Tribe of Marchudd, 
 near the castle of Conway, for that he was a follower of the House of Lancaster ; and 
 his wife, it is said, carried away his head in her apron ; and, adds Sir John [Wynn] of 
 Gwydir, " Earl Herbert's desolation consumed the whole borough of Llanri^st, and all 
 the Vale of Conway, to cold coals,* whereof the print is yet extant, the very stones of 
 the ruins of many habitations carrying yet the colour of the fire." 
 
 * This first Lord of Cherbury, in his early youth, had spent some short time in the vale 
 of Clwyd. Thus he speaks in respect to that matter. " After I had attained the age of 
 nine, during all which time I lived in my grandmother's house at Eyton, my parents 
 thought fit to send me to some place, where I might learn the Welsh tongue, as 
 
 * Cinders. 
 L 
 
82 
 
 To proceed with the descendants : The Kynastons, of whom 
 were various branches, seated at Stocks, Morton, Walford, Shotton, 
 
 believing it necessary for me to treat with my friends and tenants, who understood no 
 other language. Whereupon I was recommended to Mr. Edward Thelwal, of Plas y 
 ward in Denbighshire. This gentleman I must remember with honor, as having of 
 himself acquired the exact knowledge of Greek, Latin, French, Italian and Spanish, 
 and all other learning, having for that purpose neither gone beyond seas, nor so much 
 as had the benefit of any Universities. Besides, he was of that rare temper in 
 governing his choler, that I never saw him angry during the time of my stay there, 
 and have heard so much of him many years before ; when occasion of offence was given 
 him, I have seen him redden in the face,. and after remain for a time silent ; but when 
 he spake, his words were so calm and gentle, that I found he had digested his choler ; 
 yet I confess I could never obtain that perfection, as being subject to choler and passion 
 more than I ought, and generally to speak my mind freely, and indeed rather to imitate 
 those, who having fire within doors- chuse rather to give it vent, than suffer it to burn 
 the house. I commend much more the manner of Mr. Thelwal ; and certainly he, 
 that can forbear speaking for some while, will remit much of his passion ; but as I 
 could not learn much of him in this way, so I did as little profit in learning the Welsh, 
 or any other of those languages that worthy gentleman understood, having a tertian 
 ague for the most part of the time, being nine months, I staid in his house." From 
 comparing dates it must have happened, that, whilst young Herbert was at Plas y 
 ward, the lady of the house, Catherine of Beren, was living. She had married Edward 
 Thelwal to her fourth husband. She was a singular character ; and I wonder Herbert 
 should not have noticed her. By Thelwal she had no children ; by her first husband, 
 Salisbury, the heir of Lleweni, she had Thomas Salisbury, who was executed in 
 Babington's Plot the twenty-first of September, 1587. Her second son, Sir John 
 Salisbury the Strong, succeeded at Lleweni. Her estate at Beren had followed the 
 heiress of the Lleweni house into the Combermere family, and was sold by the present 
 [1799] Sir Robert Cotton to the late Honourable Thomas Fitzmaurice. Catherine's 
 second husband was Sir Richard Clough ; by him she had two daughters ; one married 
 to Wynn of Melai ; the other to Salisbury of Bachegraig, whence is descended our 
 ingenious country-woman, Mrs. Piozzi.* Her third husband was Maurice Wynn of 
 Gwydir ; her daughter by Maurice married Simon Thelwal, the eldest son of her last 
 husband by a former marriage. Simon's son, Edward Thelwal, married Sidney, the 
 daughter of William Wynn of Garthgynan, the fourth son of Sir John [Wynn] of 
 
 » Hester Lynch Salisbury, Dr. Johnson's friend, better knovfn as Mrs. Thrale (her first husband's 
 surname). She died at an advanced age in 1821. — Ed. 
 
CATHAUINE. of BWRF4IS. 
 
83 
 
 Bradenheath, Otley,^ Hordley, Hardwick, Bryngwyn,^ Trewylan,* 
 Lee, Kinersley, Knockin, Ryton, Llwyn y Mapsis, and Pant y 
 
 Gwydir, the historian ; and their daughter and heiress married Sir William Williams 
 of Llanforda, the eldest son of the Speaker. Hence the connection with Sir John 
 Wynn of Wynnstay, who was first cousin to Sidney, and who left his great property to 
 Mr. Williams, her grandson, afterwards Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, the grandfather 
 of the present [1799] Sir Watkin Williams Wynn. Catherine died in the life of 
 Thelwal, and was buried at Llanufudd without a monument, notwithstanding her 
 numerous descendants ; from which she was called Mam Cymru, the mother of 
 Wales. [It is related that after the funeral of her first husband, Catherine left the 
 church in company with Maurice Wynn who proposed to her, but he was too late. Sir 
 Richard Clough having done so and been accepted on the way to the graveyard. She 
 promised him, however, that in case there should be another opportunity, he should be 
 her third husband, and he was. The portrait here given is of her when a young and 
 blooming woman. At the Wrexham Exhibition, in 1876, the Rev. R. H. Howard 
 exhibited one taken of her in old age. — EdJ^ 
 
 ^ Of the House of Otley was Sir Francis Kynaston, of whom and his wife an 
 alabaster monument remains in the church of Ellesmere. He died in 1590. There 
 was another and later Sir Francis of the same House, an Esquire of the body to 
 Charles the First, who translated the loves of Troilus and Cressida from Chaucer into 
 Latin. Otley came to the Kynastons by the marriage of Kynaston of Stocks to 
 Elizabeth, daughter and heiress to William Otley of Otley. [The Kynastons of Otley 
 or Oteley, became extinct in the male line, on the death in 1781, without issue, of 
 Edward Kynaston, when the estate passed to his nephew, the Rev. Charles Mainwaring, 
 whose descendant, S. K. Mainwaring, Esq., is the present owner. (Burke's Landed 
 Gentry.J—Ed.'] 
 
 * Bryngwyn is in the parish of Llanfechain, County of Montgomery. Mary Kynaston, 
 heiress of Bryngwyn, conveyed the estate on her marriage to William Mostyn, Esq., 
 of the ancient Flintshire family of Mostyn. Their son, William, assumed the 
 additional name of Owen on succeeding to the estate of Woodhouse, County of Salop, 
 and represented the County of Montgomery in four Parliaments, namely, from 1774 to 
 1795, the date of his death. The heavy costs of contested elections, amounting it is 
 said to _^70,ooo, necessitated the sale of Bryngwyn, and it now belongs to the coheiresses 
 of the late Martin Williams, Esq. (Mont. Coll., v., p. 255). — Ed. 
 
 ^ Trewylan is in the parish of Llansantffraid, County of Montgomery. Edward 
 Kynaston, Esq., the last male heir of this branch, died without issue in 1778, having 
 by his Will entailed this estate upon the male issue of his cousin, Catherine, the wife 
 
84 
 
 byrsle,^ descend from a common ancestor. Sir Gruffudd Fychan of 
 Caer Hywel, the son of lorwerth, the son of Maredudd, the son 
 of Bleddyn, the founder of the Tribe. The family of Hordley 
 and Hardwick is still extant.* It descends from Sir Roger 
 Kynaston of Hordley, fourth son of Gruffudd Kynaston of Stocks. 
 Sir Roger was an eminent soldier and partizan of the House 
 of York, and distinguished in the battles of Blore, Banbury, 
 and Barnet. On occasion of the first were given him the Arms 
 of Audley, the enemy's general, who fell in the fight, and, as 
 the family papers inform me, by Sir Roger himself.' I conjecture 
 his crest, an armed hand, in the act to strike, issuing from a 
 sun in full glory, is derived from Barnet battle, and allusory to 
 the accident which gave Edward the victory.* Sir Roger was 
 
 of . . . Moody, Esq., upon condition that they took the surname of Kynaston. 
 Her great grandson, Edward Kynaston Kynaston, Esq., is the present owner of the 
 estate. (Mont. ColL,iv.,p. 154.) — £d. 
 
 ^ John Salisbury, in 1660, records an Arthur Kynaston of Pant y byrsle, then living 
 as a famous and faithful genealogist. His correspondence with Mr. Robert Vaughan of 
 Hengwrt is still extant in manuscript. [The Kynaston family of Pant y byrsle ended in 
 an heiress, Catherine, who married Richard Jones of St. Martin's. (Hist, Powys 
 Fadog, iv., p. 94.) — Ed^ 
 
 ^ Sir John Roger Kynaston, Bart., who died unmarried, 7th March, 1866, was the 
 last lineal male representative of this stock. Upon the death of his sister Amy, widow 
 of the Rev. Evelyn Sutton, on 19th October, 1867, the Hardwick estates passed by 
 devise to her grandnephew, the Rev. Walter Charles Edward Owen, who has taken the 
 name of Kynaston. — Ed. 
 
 * The descendants of Sir Roger bear the Audley Arms in their first quarter. 
 
 * The devise on the Arms and Ensigns of the Earl of Oxford, a Lancastriau, was a 
 star shooting forth rays, and Edward's was a sun. Warwick's men, seeing the star 
 advancing through a fog, mistook it for Edward's standard, and fell upon their friends 
 
85 
 
 Constable of Harlech Castle, thrice Sheriff of Shropshire, and 
 once of Merioneth ; an office then of trust and emolument. 
 He married, first, Elizabeth, the daughter of Lord Cobham, and 
 widow of Lord Strange; by her he had one son, Sir Thomas 
 Kynaston, who died without issue. Sir Roger died the eleventh 
 of Henry the Seventh. His second wife was Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Henry Grey, Earl of Tankerville, by Antigony, daughter of 
 Humphrey Duke of Gloucester. By her he had Humphrey, 
 called the Wild ; a gentleman remembered by many strange 
 pranks ; still the talk of the neighbouring peasantry. The cave 
 in the rock at Ness cliff, called Kynaston's cave, was the retreat 
 of himself and mad companions. He was outlawed the sixth 
 of Henry the Seventh, pardoned the next year, and died in 
 1534.' 
 
 To return to the common ancestor, Sir Gruffudd Fychan. He 
 was father to another Gruffudd Fychan, the father of Gruffudd 
 Fychan of Stocks, the father of Philip, the father of Madog who 
 first took the name of Kynaston, the father of John, Steward 
 of Ellesmere in the thirteenth of Richard the Second, the father 
 of Madog Kynaston of Stocks, killed in the battle of Shrews- 
 bury, who married Isolda, daughter of the Earl of Northum- 
 berland, and was father of John Kynaston, who had his pardon 
 from Henry the Fourth, the father of Gruffudd Kynaston of 
 
 with such fury, that they were broken and dispersed, before the Earl of Oxford could 
 rectify the error. These last, believing themselves betrayed, fled towards the enemy 
 with great precipitation. 
 
 1 See note, p. 44, ante 
 
86 
 
 Stocks, Steward of Ellesmere in the ninth of Henry the Sixth, 
 father of Sir Roger of Hordley his fourth son the soldier, who 
 was the father of Humphrey the Wild, the father of Edward 
 Kynaston, who died the thirty-fourth of Elizabeth, the father of 
 Roger Kynaston, the father of Edward Kynaston, the father of 
 Roger Kynaston, the father of Edward Kynaston, member for 
 Shrewsbury, the father of John Kynaston, who sat for Shrop- 
 shire in many Parliaments, the grandfather by his son Roger of 
 my worthy friend, John Kynaston Powel Esquire, the present 
 [1799] member, to whom I am particularly indebted for his 
 liberal communications.^ 
 
 From Cynrig efell, Lord of Eglwysegle,^ the twin son of 
 Madog ab Maredudd, and great grandson of the founder of 
 the tribe, are descended the Davieses of Llannerch or Lleweni 
 fechan, and Gwasanau ; the last, it is said, is a corruption of 
 Hosannah, and allusory to the Alleluiatic^ victory gained over 
 the Saxons and Picts beneath it. This old mansion was 
 
 ^ In 1818, in consideration of his descent from the ancient and noble family of Grey, 
 Lords of Powys, a baronetcy was conferred on Mr. Kynaston Powell, with remainder to 
 his brother, the Rev. Edward Kynaston, who succeeded him on his death in 1822. The 
 Rev. Sir Edward Kynaston died in April, 1839, leaving besides a daughter, one son Sir 
 John Roger Kynaston, of Hardwick, the third Baronet, who died unmarried in March, 
 1866, when the title became extinct. — JEd. 
 
 ^ Eglwysegle is a division of the Lordship of Bromfield, and contains the townships 
 of Trebibisham, Broughton, Stanstye villa, Acton, Morton Wallicorum, and Erddig. 
 
 ^ " The Victoria AUeluiatica, fought in 420 between the Britons, headed by the French 
 Bishops, Germanus* and Lupus, and a crowd of Pagan Picts and Saxons, who were 
 carrying desolation through the country. This event happened in Easter week, when 
 
 * Quid taceam, Germane, tuam sine sanguine palmam, 
 Victaque Cambriacis Saxona tela sonis ? — Passim. 
 
A.D. 
 
 8; 
 
 garrisoned in the civil wars, and taken from the royalists by 
 the Parliament General, Sir William Brereton. Llannerch came j"^^' 
 to the family on the marriage of Robert Davies,^ of Gwasanau, 
 with Anne, the eldest daughter and heiress of Sir Peter Mutton, 
 Chief Justice of North Wales. The last of the male line at 
 Llannerch was John Davies, who died a bachelor in 1785, and 
 was succeeded by his sisters, coheiresses ; the elder, Letitia of 
 Llannerch, married to Daniel Leo, Esquire f the younger, Mary 
 
 the Christian army, wet with their recent baptism in the river Alun, were led by their 
 holy commanders against the Pagan host. Germanus instructed them to attend to the 
 word he gave, and repeat it. Accordingly he pronounced that of Alleluia. His soldiers 
 caught the sacred sound, and repeated it with such extatic force, that the hills 
 resounding with the cry struck terror into the enemy, who fled on all sides ; numbers 
 perished by the sword, and numbers in the adjacent river."t — Pennant. 
 
 ^ This Gentleman was grandfather by his son Mutton Davies to Robert Davies of 
 Llannerch, an able naturalist and Welsh antiquary ; and several of his letters to men 
 eminent in the same studies remain. He collected the valuable library of MSS. that were 
 at Llannerch.* His grandson, Robert, the father of the last gentleman, was of a very 
 hospitable turn ; almost daily he had a led horse taken with him to St. Asaph, ready 
 saddled, to bring home to Llannerch any friend that might not be so immediately ready 
 to start with him. The old gardens at Llannerch are within my memory ; they were 
 made by Mutton Davies in the foreign taste, with images and water tricks. Among 
 the rest you were led to a sun-dial, which as you approached, spouted in your face ; on 
 it was written : 
 
 Alas ! my friend^ time soon will overtake you ; 
 And if you do not cry, by G — d I'll make you. 
 
 2 Llannerch is now the property of the Dod family, the late Whitehall Dod, Esq., 
 having succeeded to the estate on the decease in 1841 of his grandmother, Mrs. Leo's 
 cousin, Anne Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Peter Davies, Esq., of Llannerch, and 
 wife of the Rev. George Allanson, the last representative of the Davies family. — Ed. 
 
 t The river at present would not drown a puppy. It might happen in a great flood. 
 
 * Five volumes of these are now at Owston in Yorkshire, and the same number have been presented to 
 the library of Jesus College, Oxford. Davies died May 22nd, 1728, aged 44; and a superb monument has 
 been erected to his memory in Mold church. — Ed. 
 
88 
 
 of Gwasanau, to Philip Puleston,^ of Hafod y Wern,* Esquire. 
 
 The Eytons of Coed Llai, or Leeswood, have the same 
 source from Cynrig. They are represented in the Reverend 
 Hope Wynn Eyton, Vicar of Mold.' His ancestor, Gruffudd 
 ab Nicholas ab Deicus, married Margaret, the daughter of the 
 old Bosworth soldier, John ab Ellis Eyton, who lies buried at 
 Rhiwabon ; and although her husband was descended from 
 Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, and her father from Tudor Trevor, she 
 called all her children after his name of Eyton, and all her sons 
 John, in affection to him also. 
 
 From Cynrig descended the Wynnes of Tower. The line 
 ended in Roger Wynne, the younger and surviving brother of 
 that facetious old Gentleman, Dr. William Wynne. Roger died 
 without issue, and left the Tower estate to his widow, who gave 
 it to her niece, the lady of the Reverend Hope Wynne Eyton, 
 the present [1799] worthy possessor.* An odd circumstance hap- 
 pened in this house. During the wars of York and Lancaster, 
 
 ^ The only issue of this marriage was a daughter Frances, who married Bryan 
 Cooke, Esq., whose grandson Philip Bryan Davies Cooke, Esq., of Owston and 
 Gwysanau, is the present owner. — Ed. 
 
 2 leuan ab Hywel ab Maredudd, the fourth in descent from Rhodri, Lord of 
 Anglesey (the brother of our Prince, Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd) had a third daughter 
 and coparcener, that married Hywel ab Gronw ab Hywel of Maelor, and by him had 
 two daughters, viz., Gwerfyl, married to Tudor ab Hob y dili ; and Alice, married to 
 John Puleston, a younger son of Emral : She brought Hafod y Wern into that 
 family. — Gwydir History. 
 
 ^ He died in 1822, having been thirty years Vicar of Mold, and was succeeded in the 
 estate by his eldest son, the late John Wynne Eyton, Esq., who died without issue 
 about 1857. — Ed. 
 
 * See note supra. 
 
89 
 
 the place belonged to Reinallt^ ab Gruffudd ab Bleddyn, one of 
 the six gallant Welsh captains,^ who defended Harlech Castle 
 against the fourth Edward. He and his people had continual 
 frays with the citizens of Chester. In 1465 a considerable 
 number of the latter came to Mold fair ; a fight ensued and 
 much slaughter on both sides, but Reinallt had the advantage ; 
 took prisoner Robert Byrne, linen-draper, Mayor of Chester, led 
 him to his Tower, and hung him with his own halter in the 
 hall, where the iron staple, to which he was suspended, still 
 
 1 In Reinallt's time the people of Chester so cordially hated the Welsh, that they 
 would not permit any of that nation to inhabit among them unmolested. Lewys ile.'o 
 Glyn Cothi, a noted bard of that age, and a sharer in the wars and fortune of Jasper 
 
 Earl of Pembroke (uncle to Henry the Seventh) intended to settle in Chester, and to 
 that end married a widow there ; but the next day the citizens, under some pretence or 
 other, took from him all his household furniture, and insisted on his quitting the city. 
 This treatment so much enraged him, that he immediately wrote a poem, which is still 
 extant, and sent it to Reinallt of the Tower, petitioning his assistance to revenge the injury 
 done him by the men of Chester. Reinallt, being ripe for the enterprize, collected his 
 people, went to Chester, and put the citizens, as many as fell into his hands, to the 
 sword ; and if we can credit another poem sent to Reinallt from a Bard of Meirionydd, 
 called Tudur Penllyn, to thank him for that day's work, he had driven several of them, 
 like a flock of sheep, to be drowned in the river Dee. 
 
 2 Another of these valiant Welshmen was Dafydd ab leuan ab Einion, who baffled for 
 a long time all the endeavours of Pembroke to take the Castle. " I held a tower in 
 France," said he, " till all the old women in Wales heard of it, and now the old women 
 of France shall hear how I defended this Welsh Castle." — Gwydir History. 
 
 * Another story is told of Reinallt. Four cousins having met at an inn, began to 
 boast of their various exploits. The first was David ab Siancyn ab David Crach of 
 Nant Conwy who began, " This is the dagger with which I slew the Red Judge on the 
 bench at Denbigh." The second, David ab leuan ab Einion (referred to supra), said 
 "This is the sword and this the ashen spear with which I slew the Sheriff at Llandrillo." 
 The third, Reinallt ab Gruffudd, said " This is the sword with which I slew the Mayor 
 
 M 
 
A.D. 
 
 90 
 
 The Parrys of Plas newydd in Denbighshire, and of Warfield 
 
 in Berkshire, are of the ancient stock of Cynrig efell. They 
 
 are very respectably represented in Richard Parry Esquire. His 
 
 ancestor, Richard Parry, Bishop of St. Asaph,^ succeeded Morgan^ 
 
 ^■gg in the See. Morgan, encouraged by Archbishop Whitgift, had 
 
 of Chester when he came to burn my house." Then they inquired of the fourth, 
 GrufFudd Fychan ab leuan ab Einion, a quiet and peaceable man, " What daring deed 
 he had ever performed ? " when he replied, " This is the sword with which, had I 
 drawn it in dishonour, I should have accomplished as much as the best of you did." 
 
 In two Pedigrees at Nannau, it is recorded that Reinallt died at the age of twenty- 
 eight, at Llandderfel near Bala, in 1466 — two years before the surrender of Harlech 
 Castle — (Hist. Powys Fadog, v., p. 233-5) j ^^^ this can hardly be correct, as his name 
 appears in the printed Rolls of Parliament as one of the defenders of the Castle. — Ed. 
 
 1 Bishop Parry was the son of John Parry, Esq., of Pwll Halawg, Dyffryn Clwyd, 
 and Elen his wife. He was born in 1560, and died in 1623. His father was tenth in 
 descent from Cynrig Efell, and so to Bleddyn ab Cynfyn ; his mother was ninth in 
 descent from lorwerth Foel, lord of Chirk of the house of Tudor Trevor ; while his 
 wife, Gwen, the daughter of John ab Rhys Wynn, of Llwyn Yn, was a descendant of 
 Edwyn ab Goronwy, founder of the twelfth Noble Tribe of North Wales. On the 
 27th September, 1624, the Bishop's widow married Thomas Mostyn, Esq., of Rhyd, 
 and on the same day her eldest son and heir, Richard Parry, of Pwll Halawg, married 
 Mr. Mostyn's daughter Mary ; and Mr. Mostyn's son and heir, Thomas Mostyn, married 
 Bishop Parry's youngest daughter Ann. The last Richard Parry, of Llwyn Yn and of 
 Warfield, who died in 1834, was lineally descended from the Bishop Parry. He devised 
 this ancient patrimony to his nephew. Col. Francis Haygarth, the present owner. 
 ( Dwnn's Vis., ii., p. 320, note, and Hist. Powys Fadog, v., p. 223.) — Ed. 
 
 2 Morgan was of the Tribe of Nefydd hardd or the handsome ; was of St. John's, 
 Cambridge ; Vicar of Welsh-Pool, and afterwards had Llanrhaiadr mochnant. He 
 was made Bishop of Llandaflfin 1595, and translated in 1601 to St. Asaph, where he 
 died in 1604. Morgan in his great work, the Welsh Bible, acknowledges therein his 
 obligations to Dr. Powel, the historian, Bishop Vaughan* of London, Archdeacon Pr^s, 
 
 • Dr. Richard Vaughan was a native of Carnarvonshire, of St. John's College, Cambridge, Chaplain to 
 Elizabeth, and successively Bishop of Bangor, Chester, and London. His merit was universally allowed to 
 be equal to his dignity in the Church, but none of his writings were ever printed. Fuller tells us, in his usual 
 style, that he was a very corpulent man, but spiritually minded ; and Owen, his countryman, has addressed 
 to him one of his best complimentary epigrams. — Granger. 
 
91 
 
 published the Welsh version of the old and new Testament ; 
 the latter he had corrected only from the former translation of 
 
 and to Dr. Gabriel Goodman, Dean of Westminster. Goodman was a pious, profitable, 
 and learned man ; a native of Ruthin, where he founded the school, and an hospital. He 
 supported Camden in his peregrinations, who through his interest was made Under- 
 master of Westminster school. Dr. Goodman translated into English, as we now have 
 it, the first Epistle to the Corinthians. He was forty years Dean of Westminster, and 
 died in 1601. His nephew, Godfrey Goodman, Bishop of Gloucester, was a man of 
 learning also, but in many respects a strange character. He died a Roman Catholic, as 
 he professes himself in his extraordinary will.t He wrote a panegyric on Cromwell, 
 who ejected him of his preferments. "He was," says Echard, "the only Apostate 
 Bishop since the Reformation, and was the only Bishop, that left children to beg their 
 bread ;" whereas he was never married, or had any. He died in 1655, and was buried 
 by his directions near the font in St. Margaret's, Westminster. To revert to Camden. 
 The accounts of Wales in his Britannia have but little information. We have a 
 tradition, that he came no further into North Wales than Corwen, was taken there for 
 an English spy, and insulted by the people. This put an end to his Welsh travels. 
 Mr. Morris complains of this great man bitterly, in his correspondence with Mr. Richard. 
 " Have you heard," says he, " what success my reveries had, in converting the Doctor 
 (Philips) and his friend Pegge from the Camdenian faction ? I am now, at my leisure 
 hours, drawing out some heads on the same subject for the Cymrodorion, who talk of 
 publishing memoirs, in the nature of those of the royal Academy of Sciences at Paris. 
 All that I am afraid of is, that we shall draw so many English antiquaries about our 
 ears, by these mountain antiquities, that we shall be borne down by the noise, like a 
 poor fellow with a good cause, whose rich antagonist had fee'd all the Council on the 
 Circuit against him. Neither truth nor reason can withstand the madness of a mob, 
 composed of all languages, and all manner of learning. It requires the knowledge of 
 a Selden or an Usher, to stop the current of such a monstrous stream, and to bring 
 truth into its old channel. If such a person as you had a paper war with a powerful 
 party, you can call to your aid old Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, etc. etc., whose very names 
 would make a London bookseller to tremble. But there is a set of these people in 
 London engaged in the publication of Camden's Britannia, as rich as Jews, and would 
 search all the garrets in town for writers, if their darling Diana of the Ephesians was 
 touched ; and they would mind no more to hear of Taliesin, Aneurin Gwawdrydd, and 
 the Triads, than if they were Hottentots from the Cape of Good Hope, and would get 
 affidavits inserted in the public papers, that these were three infidels, that came over 
 
 t See Appendix xvii. 
 
92 
 
 William Salesbury^ and Bishop Davies.^ In 1620, Bishop Parry, 
 
 with the last India Ships, to the great danger of the Church and Constitution. You 
 then, who have such powerful auxiliaries from the coasts of Greece and Italy at your 
 back, should break the ice, in publishing something on this head, and I wish you would. 
 You will see, in reading Camden's Britannia, room enough to animadvert upon him, 
 without any great stock of British antiquities. A Cambro-Briton, with a sharp eye 
 and sound judgment, would make such remarks upon him, as would make an English 
 reader wonder, where his own eyes have been all the while. Attack him with your pen 
 and ink. It is not barking at a lion, it is standing a friend to truth. Attack this great 
 Goliah in his heel, or some vulnerable part, and you will, like little David, give a good 
 account of him bye and bye. The Edition, I think, you have of him is his first, 
 A.D. 1585, where you have him unguarded, and without armour. Begin with his 
 Celtic words, which he endeavours to explain by the Welsh, and you will see that he 
 knew nothing of the matter, tho' positive as he is about our etymologies and antiquities. 
 Why should we bear abuse, if we can defend ourselves and ancient authors ? Ask him 
 how he came to use the fallacy of deriving Servius's Gessi, viri fortes, from Gwas dewr ; 
 for the comparison is, Gessi and Gwas, and so on ; and room enough for you to play 
 your great guns against the enemy. Do'nt flinch from attacking Camden : I will send 
 you an account, when I have leisure, of some parts of his body, that are not 
 invulnerable ; not about his heels, but his head. His Britannia is the great oracle of 
 the English, and is swallowed without chewing, because the pill is gilt. Take off the 
 gilding, and you will find sad stuff under it. The design was great, the structure 
 magnificent, but the performance or execution poor and shabby, notwithstanding that 
 it was covered with great learning and industry. But the case is, the foundation was 
 bad, and truth has suffered to serve a national pride. The memory of the ancient 
 inhabitants is endeavoured to be darkened and their names obscured, and every occasion 
 of shadow is taken to revile them, and their writers, and noble actions in war, whilst 
 the Conquerors and ruling Nation are cried up where there is little colour for it." 
 
 1 Salesbury was a Denbighshire man, brought up a lawyer, of Thavies Inn. He had 
 composed and dedicated a Welsh dictionary to Henry the Eighth ; had written a 
 Welsh treatise on Rhetoric, and first published in Welsh the Epistles and Gospels for 
 the whole year, in Edward the Sixth's time. It is a doubt whether an almanac, printed 
 in the time of Henry the Eighth, and the first that came out in Welsh, was by 
 Salesbury or Sir John Price. [Salesbury 's Welsh Testament was published in 1567. 
 It is now one of the rarest of books. In 1886, Mr. Quaritch, the well-known bookseller 
 asked 100 guineas for a copy. — Ed."] 
 
 2 [Dr. Richard] Davies was in exile for his religion in Mary's reign, was restored to 
 his country on the accession of Elizabeth, and successively Bishop of St. Asaph, and 
 
93 
 
 with the assistance of Dr. John Davies^ of Mallwyd, corrected 
 and republished Morgan's bible, which is the version, and a most 
 excellent one it is, with little variation, now in use. A version^ 
 of the Psalms, in the four and twenty Welsh metres, was made 
 
 St. David's. He was of the Tribe of Ednowain Bendew, and was employed, with other 
 eminent scholars, by Elizabeth to translate the Bible into English ; and he translated 
 all that part from the beginning of Joshua to the end of Samuel. He translated also 
 parts of the new Testament into Welsh, particularly some of the Epistles. Ob. 1581. 
 [aged 80. He also translated the Liturgy into Welsh, assisted by W. Salesbury. He 
 was also a good Welsh poet. — Ed.'\ 
 
 ^ Dr. [John] Davies was an universal scholar, the son of a weaver of the parish of 
 Llanferres in Denbighshire, of the Tribe of Marchudd, and brought up under Bishop 
 Parry in the school at Ruthin, and was afterwards his Chaplain. Davies was author of 
 the Welsh grammar and dictionary, and translated the thirty-nine articles and Parson's 
 (the Jesuit's) Resolution into elegant Welsh prose. Thomas ab William,* the 
 Physician, who lived at Trefriw near Llanrwst, had begun a Welsh and Latin dictionary, 
 which Davies, at the request of the Gwydir family, completed and published. In his 
 church of Mallwyd, in defiance of Archbishop Laud, he removed again the Communion 
 table from the east end to the middle of the church, where it still remains.t He built 
 three public bridges at his own charge, and did other charities at Mallwyd, where he 
 resided. He was a Justice of the Peace and an useful Magistrate, and universally 
 beloved and esteemed in his country. Ob. 1644. He left no family. His wife was a 
 daughter of Rhj^s Wynn of Llwynynn, and sister to Bishop Parry's wife. 
 
 2 The metrical version of the Welsh psalms, now in use, was made by Edmund Pr^s, 
 Archdeacon of Merioneth, in the time of Elizabeth. He was an eminent scholar and 
 poet, of the Tribe of Marchudd, and had assisted Bishop Morgan in his biblical Welsh 
 translation. He was Rector of Maentwrog in Merionethshire, where he lies buried. 
 He outlived eighty years, for at that age he addressed some excellent hexameter Latin 
 verses to Dr. Davies of Mallwyd, on the publication of his grammar in 1621. There 
 are fifty-four controversial poems between the Archdeacon and a contemporary Bard, 
 
 * Thomas ab William was of the Tribe of Ednowain Bendew, He is commonly known by the name of 
 Sir Thomas ab William, having probably taken his Bachelor's degree. He was born, as he says himself, at 
 the foot of Snowdon. He wrote a book of medical directions and receipts ; also a book of Pedigrees, 
 and an Herbal in Latin, Welsh and English, still extant in MS. He was reputed a papist, and is supposed 
 to have known something of the gunpowder plot j as it is said, he persuaded Sir John Wynn, the historian, 
 not to go up to that Parliament. 
 
 + The table has lately been restored to its former place in the east end of the chancel. — Ed. 
 
94 
 
 William Myddelton, a younger branch of the house of Gwaenynog, 
 a Captain in Elizabeth's navy, and who had served in her 
 armies. This versification is one of the most ingenious com- 
 positions in the Welsh language, and it may be said of the 
 Captain, in the words of Bishop Fell, that he was a pupil of 
 Minerva, as well as Pallas. It is pleasant a soldier should so 
 well dispose of his leisure hours. Some of his Psalms were 
 penned in the West Indies, some on the Atlantic ocean, and 
 others in his native country. In his Welsh correspondence he 
 stiles himself Gwilym Ganoldref, or Middle-town. He wrote also 
 Barddoniaeth, or the art of Welsh poetry, which is added to 
 the appendix of John Dafydd Rh^s's^ grammar. 
 
 It was a distinguished family of nine sons and seven 
 daughters ; 
 
 longo ordine nati, 
 
 Clari omnes, patric^ pariter virtute suaque. 
 
 called William Cynwal, extant ; both holding a conspicuous seat in the first class of 
 the Welsh poets of that age. It is said moreover that Cynwal fell a victim to the 
 poignancy of the Archdeacon's satire. The last poem of the fifty-four is a most 
 pathetic elegy, composed by the Archdeacon, when the news was brought him of the 
 death of his rival. 
 
 ^ John Dafydd Rh^s took his Doctor's degree in Physic in Italy. He undertook and 
 published his grammar, to assist in understanding Dr. Morgan's translation of the bible 
 into Welsh, then just completed, and he took great pains to preserve and communicate 
 the true sound of the Welsh letters. Had the ancients done the same, we should have 
 been nearer in our pronunciation of the Latin and Greek. To acquire the pronunciation 
 with precision in any language, frequent exercise of the voice, accompanied by frequent 
 corrections of the ear, is necessary. The Doctor has left a treatise on the orthography 
 and pronunciation of the Italian language. 
 
 2 The father, Richard Myddelton, was Governor of Denbigh Castle in the reigns of 
 Edward the Sixth, Mary and Elizabeth. He was descended from Ririd Flaidd, and 
 
95 
 
 From Cynrig come the Williamses of Fron, or Arddynwynt. 
 They are represented in the Reverend Richard WilHams, Rector 
 
 was the fourth son of Foulk Myddelton, the third brother of Roger Myddelton * of 
 Gwaenynog. The eldest son of Richard the Governor, was Richard, whose second son, 
 Roger, married the heiress of Cadogan. This estate had been forfeited by Edward 
 Jones Esquire, but restored to this lady, his descendant. Jones suffered in Babington's 
 plot. The second son of Richard Myddelton the Governor, was Simon ; the third 
 William, distinguished in both elements ; as a sea officer, he had done good service in 
 apprizing his Admiral, the Lord Thomas Howard, in time to avoid the superior force 
 Spain had sent off the Azores to meet him ; and he escaped with the loss of that 
 memorable person. Sir Richard Grenville, his Vice-Admiral. The captain is said to 
 have been the first who smoked tobacco in London, for Raleigh was too good a courtier 
 to have disgusted his Sovereign in that particular. Sir Thomas, the fourth son of 
 Richard the Governor, was bred in London a merchant, traded chiefly with Antwerp, 
 made a great fortune, and purchased Chirk Castle from the Lord St. John of Bletso, in 
 the year 1595. He was Sheriif of London in 1603, and having married a young wife 
 in his old age, gave occasion to the song, " Room for cuckolds, here comes my Lord 
 Mayor." The fifth son, Charles, succeeded his father in the government of Denbigh 
 Castle. The sixth son was that eminent Philosopher and Engineer, Sir Hugh 
 Myddelton, who brought the New River to London, then called Myddelton's waters. 
 He served in six parliaments for Denbigh, and was made a Baronet in 1622, and died in 
 1 63 1. The seventh son, Robert, was a Master of Welsh prosody, and left a treatise on 
 that subject. The eighth son, Foulk, married the heiress, Wynn, of Bodlith, and was 
 sheriff of Denbighshire in 1610, and the heiress of this branch married Thomas 
 Meredith Esquire of Pentrebychan. Pierce Myddelton was the ninth and last son. 
 The Lord Mayor was father to Sir Thomas Myddelton of Chirk Castle, a distinguished 
 character in the Common -wealth [whose portrait is given in this volume]. The latter 
 was Member for the county of Denbigh and took the field on the part of the Parliament, 
 when he was near sixty years of age, was Sergeant Major General to the forces in North 
 Wales, and in conjunction with Sir William Brereton in 1643 took the Castle of Holt. 
 In 1644 he relieved Oswestry, and beat the King's forces in a sharp action at Mont- 
 gomery, for which he had the thanks of the House. I find him in 1648 among the 
 
 * Roger was the eldest son of Dafydd Myddelton of the Myddelton's of Myddelton, descended from 
 Ririd Flaidd. Dafydd his father is styled Receiver of Denbigh, and Valectus Domini Regis, the second year 
 of Richard the Third. As a picture of the barbarous times in which it happened, there is a story of this 
 Dafydd Myddelton, that having gained the affections of Margaret Done of Utkington, in Cheshire, but not 
 her parents consent, she was bestowed upon another ; which Dafydd not brooking, met the groom leading 
 his wife out of church and killed him on the spot. He then carried off his mistress and immediately married 
 her ; so that she was a maid, a wife, a widow, and a wife again, in the same day. 
 
96 
 of Machynlleth ; a gentleman who has embellished our Welsh 
 
 secluded members, and bound in a bond of twenty- thousand pounds not to disturb the 
 government. In 1659 with Sir George Booth, he declared too precipitately for Charles 
 the Second, when his Castle was besieged, and taken by Lambert, and one side 
 demolished, and the trees in his Park cut and sold. He died at the age of eighty in 
 1666, having survived his son. Sir Thomas Myddelton made a Baronet at the Restoration. 
 The last mentioned Sir Thomas, was father to another Sir Thomas, who by his second 
 wife, Charlotte, daughter of Keeper Bridgman, had an only daughter, Charlotte, first 
 married to the Earl of Warwick, and afterwards to Mr. Secretary Addison, by whom 
 she had a daughter lately deceased, who left her estate to her relations, the Bridgmans. 
 Sir Thomas, leaving no male issue, was succeeded by his brother Sir Richard, repeatedly 
 Member for Denbighshire, and father of Sir William, who died unmarried in 1718. 
 The Baronetage extinguished, but the estate followed the entail to Robert Myddelton, 
 the eldest son of Richard Myddelton of Ll^sfasi, the third son of the old soldier, Sir 
 Thomas the Knight. Robert died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother 
 John, succeeded by his son, Richard, the father of Richard, the last gentleman, who 
 died unmarried in 1796, leaving his three sisters coheiresses.* To return to Sir Thomas 
 Myddelton, the first Baronet. By his second wife, sister to Sir John Trevor of Brynkinallt, 
 Master of the Rolls, and Speaker of the House of Commons, he left a posthumous son, 
 Thomas, born in 1663. This gentleman was bred to the law, and the favourite at the 
 Chancery-bar of his uncle Trevor,t then first Commissioner ; but this great lawyer 
 being used to treat the Counsel with extraordinary freedom, something he dropped of 
 this nature to his nephew, was said to go so near his heart, that it brought his life to a 
 period, who for his age was an ornament to the profession. He died in 1696. Among 
 
 ■ • Namely Charlotte, Maria, and Harriet. Charlotte, who had the Chirk Castle estate, married Robert 
 Myddelton Biddulph of Ledbury, Herefordshire, and their grandson Richard Myddelton Biddulph is the 
 present owner. Maria, who had Ruthin Castle, married the Hon. Frederick West, third son of Earl 
 Delawarr, and their grandson William Cornwallis West is the present owner. — Ed. 
 
 t Trevor had been first Commissioner of the Great Seal, Master of the Rolls, and Speaker of the House 
 of Commons, whence he was expelled for corruption. This made the Wits observe, " That Justice was 
 blind, but Bribery only squinted ; " for Tjevor squinted abominably, as his picture [here given] shews. [So 
 little abashed was he by his expulsion, that soon after, on meeting Archbishop Tillotson, he muttered loud 
 enough to be heard, " I hate a fanatic in lawn sleeves ;" to which the Archbishop replied " And I hate 
 a knave in any sleeves." He continued Master of the Rolls for twenty-two years after his expulsion, and 
 possessed a high reputation as a lawyer. He died May 20, 1717, at his house in Clement's Lane, London, 
 and was buried in the Rolls Chapel. His grandson Arthur Hill, was created Viscount Dungannon in the 
 peerage of Ireland. He was also the ancestor of the Marquises of Downshire. On the death of Lord 
 Dungannon in 1862 (when the title became extinct), Lord Arthur Edwin Hill, his kinsman, succeeded to 
 the Brynkinallt estate, and thereupon assumed the surname Trevor in addition to his patronymic Hill. — Ed.'l 
 

 GEOKGELoIIH JJSFF.EKIES. 
 
97 
 
 his other virtues Trevor was an economist. He had dined by himself one day at the 
 Rolls, and was drinking his wine quietly, when his cousin Roderic Lloyd was unexpect- 
 edly introduced to him from a side door. " You rascal," said Trevor to the servant, 
 "And you have brought my cousin Roderic Lloyd Esquire, Prothonotary of North 
 Wales, Marshal to Baron Price, and so forth, and so forth, up my lack stairs. 
 Take my cousin Roderic Lloyd Esquire, Prothonotary of North Wales, Marshal to 
 Baron Price, and so forth and so forth ; take him instantly back, down my back stairs, 
 and bring him up my front stairs." Roderic in vain remonstrated, and whilst he was con- 
 veying him down one, and up the other stairs, his Honor removed the bottle and glasses. 
 Another adventure befell Roderic at the Rolls. He was returning rather elevated from 
 his club one night, and ran against the pump in Chancery lane. Conceiving somebody 
 had struck him, he drew, made a lounge at the pump, and the sword entering the spout, 
 the pump being crazy fell down. Roderic concluded he had killed his man ; left his 
 sword in the pump, and retreated to his old friend's house at the Rolls. There he was 
 concealed by the servants for the night. In the morning his Honor, having heard the 
 story, came himself to deliver him from his consternation and confinement in the coal- 
 hole. Trevor was consulted by James the Second and his Ministers, and had the virtue 
 to tell Jefiferies, on the very violent proceedings against Cornish,* " That if he pursued 
 that unfortunate man to execution, it would be no better than murder ;" but his advice 
 was not taken. Trevor was first cousin to Jefiferies. The latter was certainly a great 
 lawyer, however bad a man ; and the reportst published by Vernon were without doubt 
 the work of Jefiferies, but his name was too unpopular to be put to them. He had a 
 vicious profuse way of speaking and debating from the Bench. In the sad business of 
 Mrs. Lisle's trial he throws a sneer at his countrymen. Bullying a witness that he 
 thought would not speak out, he says, "Look thee, if thou can'st not comprehend what 
 I mean, I will repeat it again, for thou shalt see what countryman I am by my telling 
 my story over twice : Therefore I ask thee once again." " Hold your tongue," said he 
 one day to a Counsel, who seemed forward in magnifying his success in untying a 
 knotty point in a cause ; " You are too troublesome : You are exactly like a hen ; if 
 you lay an egg, you must cackle over it." The youngest brother of Jefiferies was Canon 
 of Canterbury, and grandfather to Dr. Jefiferies now living [1799], the Residentiary of 
 
 * This anecdote I had from the late Mr. Lloyd of Tyddyn, whose mother was Cornish's daughter. The 
 anecdote of Jefferies's smiling at Williams, on the trial of the Bishops, I heard from Lord Chancellor 
 Hardwicke. 
 
 + We had another of our countrymen a very able lawyer and reporter of that time, Sir John Vaughan, 
 Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ; the ancestor of the Earls of Lisburne, and the friend and executor of 
 the learned Selden. [His portrait is here given. He died in 1674, and was buried in the Temple church, 
 near the grave of his friend, Selden, under a marble monument. His grandson John Vaughan, was created 
 Viscount Lisburne in the peerage of Ireland, and the latter's grandson the fourth Viscount was advanced to 
 an Earldom of Lisburne in 1776. — Ed.'l 
 
 N 
 
98 
 
 poetry by his elegant and harmonious English versions. He 
 is moreover a good Latin poet.^ 
 
 The Kyffins of Maenan, Bodfach, and Glasgo^d, descended 
 from Einion efell,^ who resided at Llwynymaen [near Oswestry], 
 was Lord of Cynllaeth, and died in 1 1 96. The surname of 
 Kyffin was first taken by Madog, the fifth in descent from 
 Einion, to distinguish him from his father, Madog g6ch, then 
 living. Madog, the son, had been nursed at Kyffin, and thence 
 the appellation. The male line of Maenan ended, in our times. 
 
 St. Paul's. The Canon died young, it is said, broken-hearted with the sad conduct and 
 character of his brother, the Chancellor. There was a picture at Acton of their father 
 in mourning for his seventh son, the Canon. The old man outlived all his sons. — suorum 
 ultimus. [George Lord Jefferies, whose portrait is here given, was perhaps the very 
 worst judge that ever disgraced the English Bench. He was born at Acton, near 
 Wrexham, in 1648 ; was created Baron Jefferies of Wem, May 15th, 1685, and died 
 April i8th, 1689. Macaulay has told the story of his infamous career in words that 
 make one's cheek burn at the thought that he was a Welshman. — Ed^ 
 
 1 Subsequently he became Rector of Llanferres. The elegant translation of " Hirlas 
 Owain," and others bearing his initials in Pennant's Tours in Wales, are by him. 
 Several pieces of his translation also appear in Jones's Relics of the Bards. He died 
 suddenly, 4th June, 181 1, and the estate passed to his wife's family in Cheshire. 
 (Cam. Briton, i., p. 263.) — Ed. 
 
 2 Einion bore parted per fess, sable and argent, a lion rampant, counterchanged of the 
 field, armed, langued, gules. Cynrig \ioxQ gules on a bend argent, a lion passant sable ; 
 whence the arms of their several descendants. Mr. Vaughan, in his "Antiquities 
 Revived," tells us, "That the illegitimate lines of the Princes of Wales were not generally 
 tolerated to bear their father's arms ; and if permitted, yet not without difference, as 
 may be observed," says he, " in the arms of Dafydd goch, the natural son of Dafydd, 
 Lord of Denbigh, and in those of Einion and Cynrig, twins, the natural sons of Madog 
 ab Maredudd, Prince of Powys." [In an old Pedigree at Brogyntyn, the addition is 
 made to Einion efell's arms of " on a canton argent z. tower gules." (Mont. Coll., xiii., 
 p. ii'])-Ed.-] 
 

 
 V 
 
 JC 
 
 y^^-NM ;•' ,£^ P> , 
 
 
 
 Sir JoH:Kr V/\ijghan. 
 
 
 /n^ii/^,..y^teaa. 
 
 
99 
 
 in Sir Thomas Kyfifin Knight, whose three daughters, coheiresses, 
 were married, Elizabeth to William John Lenthall Esquire, des- 
 cended from the Speaker of his name ; Anne to the Reverend 
 John Wynn, the second son of Maesyneuadd ; Ermine to Richard 
 Hughes Kenrick (the younger) Esquire, of Nantclwyd. 
 
 The Kyffins^ of Bodfach ended in an heiress, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of William KyfEn, married to Adam Price of Glan- 
 Miheli ; and the heiress of the Prices to the late Bell Lloyd 
 Esquire of Pontrufifudd.^ Glascoed^ also ended in an heiress, 
 Margaret,* daughter of Watkin Kyffin, married to Sir William 
 
 ^ KyfEn is nearly the same In sound, but exactly the same in sigaification, with 
 Confine, and every place of that name is always near some boundary. 
 
 2 He afterwards lived at Bodfach, near Llanfyllin. His son Edward Pryce Lloyd 
 succeeded to a baronetcy on the death of his great uncle, Sir Edward Lloyd, Bart., and 
 was subsequently in 1831, raised to the peerage as Baron Mostyn. He died in 1884, 
 and was succeeded by his grandson, Llewelyn Nevill Vaughan, the present peer. Bodfach 
 was sold about fifty years ago by the late Lord Mostyn, to Sir John Wilson, K.C.B., and 
 by him again in 1854 to John Lomax, Esq., father of the present owner. — Sd. 
 
 ^ Maurice KyfEn of this house, in 1588, translated Terence's Andria into English, 
 and Bishop Jewell's Apologia Ecclesise Anglicanas into excellent Welsh, in IS9S- [He 
 was also a good poet, both in Welsh and English, A poem by him, printed in 1587, 
 entitled Tke Blessednes of Bry taine, was reprinted in facsimile by the Cymmrodorion 
 Society in 1885. According to a Pedigree in Hist. Powys Fadog, v., p. 374, he was 
 the direct ancestor of Edward, William, and Frank Lenthall, three brothers living 
 together unmarried at Bessels Leigh Abbey, Berkshire, in 1884, descended paternally 
 from Mr. Speaker Lenthall. Maenan Hall belongs to this family. — E:l~\ 
 
 ■* Williams, on one of his Welsh circuits, danced with this lady, and got her leave to 
 
 propose himself to her father : " And what have you," said the old gentleman pretty 
 
 roughly to him ? "I have, Sir," says Williams, " a tongue and a gown.^'' He obtained 
 
 the lady, and founded the flourishing families of Wynnstay, Penbedw, and Bodelwyddan. 
 
 Cedant arma togcs, concedant omnia lingtcce. 
 
lOO 
 
 Williams, Speaker^ of the House of Commons in the two last 
 short Parliaments of Charles the Second, and Solicitor General 
 to his brother James. To the latter office he was raised in 
 the room of Powys, who had succeeded Sawyer as Attorney 
 General, and for the same purpose, the trial and conviction of 
 the Bishops. Williams used much pains without effect; and on 
 their Lordships' acquittal, there was a great shout in the Hall. 
 Jefiferies, then sitting in the Court of Chancery, being told the 
 reason, was observed to put his face in his nosegay to hide a 
 smile, and as if to say, "Mr. Solicitor! I keep my seal;" for 
 he knew it had been promised to Williams, had he carried that 
 cause. Sir William was the son of Hugh Williams, Doctor of 
 Divinity, of Nantanog in Anglesey, a younger branch of the family 
 
 ^ The Speaker had licensed the votes, which had in them matters of scandal relating 
 to some Lords (Dangerfield's Narrative of the meal-tub plot) so an information was 
 brought against him in the King's Bench ; he was found guilty and fined ten thousand 
 pounds, of which he paid eight. " This was driven against him " says Burnet, " by the 
 Duke of York's party, on purpose to cut off the thoughts of another Parliament, since 
 it was not to be supposed, that any House of Commons could bear the punishment of 
 their Speaker for obeying their own orders." Sir William continued the practice of the 
 law, and to great profit, throughout his life, and I had an opinion of his (which as a 
 curiosity I gave to my Lord Chief Justice Kenyon) after he had left the Speaker's 
 Chair* and the Solicitor Generalship. Pemberton, who had been Chief of both Benches, 
 had done the same ; and his opinion is also to the same case. The late Chancellor, 
 Charles Yorke, had so much respect to the memory of the latter, that he repaired his 
 monument, then in decay, in Highgate Chapel. 
 
 * We had three of our countrymen, not distant neighbours. Speakers of the House of Commons, within 
 a short time of each other ; Williams, Trevor, and Hanmer. The last was a stiff man ; 
 ' ' Not all were flowers, when pompous Hanmer spoke, " 
 
 Sir Thomas Hanmer left no family : He had married an old woman for love, and a young one for money, 
 and was not very fortunate in either of them. His epitaph by Dr. Freind, Master of Westminster School, 
 was composed in Sir Thomas's life time, and was found in his edition of Shakespeare after his death, and 
 thence supposed to have had his approbation, and was accordingly put on his monument. Oi. 1746. [His 
 portrait is given in this volume ; also his epitaph in Latin, and an English paraphrase of it, see Appendix 
 xviii and xix. — £if. 
 

 Sir Johh Trevor. 
 
 QyHarJ^e^p^ ^/M^ c^M^. a^z^^i^a/t^r ^//^"^r^.j&i^^^ 
 
 ^<mi/^i{?7ij^ 
 
lOI 
 
 of Chwaen (descended from Cadrod hardd, or the handsome, 
 the brother of Nefydd hardd, the Tribe) by Emma Dolben, 
 niece to Bishop* Dolben of Bangor. Sir William was of Jesus, 
 Oxford ; removed to Gray's- Inn ; from thence was called to the 
 Bar, and became Recorder of Chester ; which city he represented 
 in two Parliaments, when he appeared in opposition, and a warm 
 exclusionist. He sat afterwards for the borough of Beaumaris, 
 and the county of Carnarvon, and died at his chambers in 
 Gray's-Inn in July 1700, at the age of sixty-six, and lies buried 
 at Llansilin in Denbighshire.^ He left two sons ; the elder, 
 Sir William Williams, was grandfather by his third son, Richard, 
 to W^atkin Williams Esquire of Penbedw ; and great grandfather 
 by his eldest son Sir Watkin Williams Wynn of Wynnstay, to 
 the present gentleman of that place.* The Speaker's younger 
 son, John, was an eminent provincial lawyer, practised at Chester, 
 and was great grandfather to the present Sir John Williams of 
 Bodelwyddan.* 
 
 1 Dolben was of the family of Segroit, where he was born. He became Vicar of 
 Hackney, which he resigned on his promotion to the Bishopric of Bangor. He died in 
 November 1633 at his Palace in Shoe-lane, and was buried in the Chancel of Hackney 
 church, where is his monument with the Arms of the See of Bangor, empaling his 
 own of Dolben. 
 
 ^ His portrait is given in this volume. — Ed. 
 
 ^ See note, p. 11, ante. 
 
 * He was created a Baronet 24th July, 1798, and on his death in October, 1830, was 
 succeeded by his eldest son, Sir John Hay Williams. He died in September, 1859, 
 and was succeeded by his brother, the late Sir Hugh Williams, upon whose death in 
 May, 1876, the title and estates devolved upon his eldest son, Sir William Grenville 
 Williams, the present Baronet. — Ed. 
 
I02 
 
 The Maurices of Lloran descend from Einion. They are 
 represented in Edward Maurice Corbet Esquire of Ynysymaen- 
 gwyn, an estate he inherits in right of his maternal grandmother, 
 a Corbet, the heiress of the place.^ And here we have an 
 instance of gavelkind ; the younger brother inheriting the family 
 house. Jeuaf ab Cyhelyn ab Rhun ab Einion efell, who died 
 in 1242, made this disposition of his estates; Lloran to Madog 
 G6ch, his elder son, and Llwynymaen, the paternal inheritance, 
 to Jeuaf fychan the younger. The house of Lloran was rebuilt 
 in 1230, as we learn from some Welsh verses, which signify, 
 that the years from the incarnation of the Son of God were 
 twelve hundred and three tens, when Cyhelyn founded an huge 
 and high house of wood and stone : " He erected," says the 
 Bard, "on the Banks of Barrog, an house that will outstand 
 the world : Let songs be sung to the amiable Chief in the 
 halls of Lloran." 
 
 From Einion were descended the Tanads" of Abertanad : 
 Rh^i's Tanad died in 1661, having had by his wife, Margaret, the 
 
 The Phillips's of Gwern-haulod, also descended from Madog Kyffin. They ended in 
 an heiress, Mary, daughter of William Phillips, married to Thomas Lloyd Esq. of 
 Halchdyn, from whom has descended Phillips Lloyd Fletcher, Esq. of Nerquis Hall. 
 (Hist. Powys Fadog, iii., p. 356.) — Ed. 
 
 ^ The Corbets of Ynysymaengvvyn, became extinct on the death in 1878, of Athelstan 
 John Soden Corbet, Esquire. The greater part of the estate was purchased by and now 
 belongs to John Corbett, Esq., M.P. for Droitwich. The late James Maurice, Esq. of 
 Ruthin, and his brother Price Maurice, Esq. of Bath (living in 1872), also belonged to 
 the family of Maurice of Lloran. — Ed. 
 
 ^ They took their name from the river Tanad which falls into the Vyrnwy, near 
 their seat at Abertanad, for the same reason, as the Mostyns, the Glynns, Erddigs, 
 Sontleys, &c., &c., to save the redundancy of Aps. 
 
sister^ of the memorable Sir John Owen, five sons and six 
 daughters, whereof six survived him ; two sons and four daughters. 
 Owen Tanad, the younger of the sons, and the last heir male of 
 the Tanads. died in 1668, in his eighteenth year, and in default 
 of issue to the elder sisters he was succeeded by his youngest, 
 Susannah : She married Colonel Sydney Godolphin, Governor of 
 the Islands and Garrison of Scilly, and Auditor of North Wales. 
 They had issue one son [Francis] Tanad Godolphin, and five 
 daughters. The son died of a fever in Flanders, before he was 
 of age, and when he had served seven campaigns; 
 
 Dum numeral palmas, credidit esse senem. 
 
 The first, third, fourth, and fifth daughters, died unmarried, and 
 the second, Mary, had the inheritance : She married Dr. Godol- 
 phin, Provost of Eton, and Dean of St. Paul's and brother to 
 the Treasurer. They had issue, the last Lord Godolphin and 
 the late Mrs. Owen of Porkington. Lord Godolphin had no 
 family, and gave those estates by will to Lord Francis Osborne, 
 second son of his Grace the Duke of Leeds. Mrs. Owen left 
 two daughters ; the elder of Porkington married to Owen 
 Ormsby Esquire, by whom she had a daughter,^ the right heir 
 and lineal descendant of Abertanad. 
 
 1 Her father in some pedigrees is called John Owain Walsinghatn ; I conclude, as 
 being Secretary to the Great Minister of that name. I remember, Mr. Roberts of 
 Chester, Secretary to Mr. Pelham, was called Pelham Roberts. 
 
 2 Mary Jane Ormsby, whose son John Ralph Ormsby Gore, by her husband William 
 Ormsby Gore, Esq., was in 1876 created Baron Harlech, and upon his death in the same 
 year, was succeeded in the title by his brother, William Richard, the present peer. — See 
 ante^ p. 17, note. — Ed. 
 
I04 
 
 The Tanads of Blodwel descended also from Einion. The 
 heiress of the house, Jane, married John Matthews of Court ; 
 and the heiress of the Mathewses, Ursula, married Sir John 
 Bridgeman, grandson to the Keeper, Sir Orlando, and Ancestor 
 to the present Lord Bradford, who enjoys the estate.-' 
 
 The Robertses of Llangedwyn descended from Einion : The 
 heiress, Catherine, daughter of Maurice Robert of Llangedwyn, 
 married Owen Vaughan of Llwydiarth ; and these estates, with 
 those of the Vaughans of Caergai and Glanllyn (who had 
 married the heiress of Llwydiarth and Llangedwyn), united in 
 Anne, daughter to William Vaughan, who left them to her hus- 
 band, Sir Watkin Williams Wynn of Wynnstay; and they remain 
 in his grandson, the present gentleman of that place.^ 
 
 The Merediths of Glantanad were of the race of Einion. 
 Margaret, the daughter and heiress of Andrew Meredith, married 
 Edward Thelwal of Plasyward ; and the estate was again con- 
 veyed by marriage, through the great heiress of that house, to 
 Sir William Williams, the eldest son of the Speaker, and belongs 
 to Wynnstay. 
 
 The Lloyds of Aston descended from Einion. The heiress 
 of the house, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Lloyd, married 
 
 ^ Sir Orlando Bridgeman, whose portrait is 'here given, was a lawyer of great 
 eminence, having been successively Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, Lord Chief 
 Justice of the Common Pleas, and Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. He was created a 
 Baronet, 7th June, 1660. His great great grandson was in 1794 created Baron Bradford, 
 and his son Orlando, second Baron, was created Viscount Newport, and Earl of Bradford 
 in November, 1815. His grandson Orlando George Charles is the present peer. — Ed. 
 
 ' See ante^ P- n, note. 
 
I05 
 
 Foulke Lloyd of Foxhall, or the hall of Foulke, and was great 
 
 grandmother to the Reverend John Robert Lloyd, Rector of 
 
 Whittington and Selattyn, both in his advowson, the present 
 
 possessor of Aston.^ The name of the Foxhall family was 
 
 Rosindale, when they came first from the north. To a younger ^ ^ 
 
 branch, settled at Denbigh, we owe our learned countryman, 1297 
 
 Humphrey Llwyd. He was of Brazen-nose, Oxford, studied 
 
 Physic, and lived as family Physician in the house of the last 
 
 Earl of Arundel of the name of Fitzalan, the Chancellor of 
 
 that University. He sat in Parliament for his native town of 
 
 Denbigh, and died there in the forty-first year of his age, and 
 
 was buried in the parish church with a coarse monument, a dry a.d. 
 
 1568 
 epitaph, and a psalm tune under it.^ He made the map of 
 
 England for his friend, Ortelius, to whom he dedicates his 
 
 Commentariolum Britanniae, and his Epistle De Moni Druidum 
 
 Insula, antiquitati suee restituti. He left a Chronicon Walliae a 
 
 rege Cadwaladero, and the History of Cambria, now called 
 
 Wales, in MS. He printed a Latin paper De Armamentario 
 
 Romano, and turned some Medical Treatises from Latin into 
 
 English. He collected many curious books for Lord Lumley 
 
 ^ The present owner and occupier of Aston Hall is R. T. Lloyd, Esq. — £d. 
 
 2 The character of the " tune " may be judged from the first couplet, which is 
 as follows : — 
 
 " The corps and earthly shape doth rest here, tomy'd in your sight, 
 Of Humphrey Llwyd, Master of Arts, a famous worthy wight." 
 
 A copy is here given of the original portrait of him preserved at Aston, near 
 Oswestry. His hair was red, but his countenance was remarkable for its manly beauty, 
 and highly intellectual expression. — Bd. 
 
 O 
 
io6 
 
 {whose sister he married),^ which form at this time a valuable 
 part of the Library in the British Museum. One of his sons 
 was settled at Cheam in Surrey, ^yhose great grandson, Robert 
 Lloyd, was Rector of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, and contended, 
 but without effect, for the Barony of Lumley. 
 
 From Einion were the Lloyds of Bodlith. The heiress of 
 that house married Foulk Myddelton, the eighth son of the 
 Governor, Richard Myddelton of Denbigh ; and the heiress of 
 the Myddeltons married Thomas Meredith Esquire of Pentre- 
 bychan, the grandfather to the present gentleman, Richard 
 Meredith Esquire, of that place.* 
 
 The Vaughans of Golden-grove, Carmarthenshire, were des- 
 cended from Einion. John Vaughan, the son of Walter Vaughan 
 of this house, served under Robert, Earl of Essex, Lord Deputy 
 of Ireland, and was knighted by him for his services in that 
 country ; was made Comptroller of the house-hold to Prince 
 Charles, and by James the First created Lord Vaughan of 
 Molingar, and Earl of Carbery in that kingdom. He married 
 Margaret, daughter of Sir Gelly Meyrick (who suffered in Essex's 
 
 ' Barbara, sister and heir of John Lord Lumley, survived her husband, Humphrey 
 Llwyd, and afterwards married William Williams, Esq. of Cochwillan, Carnarvonshire. 
 (DwnrCs Vis. ii., p. 169.) — Ed. 
 
 2 He died without issue, whereupon his sister Margaret inherited his estates. She 
 married Joseph Warter, Esq. of Sibberscott, Salop, and had issue a son, Henry, who 
 assumed the name and arms of Meredydd by royal sign manual in 1824. The latter 
 married Elizabeth, a daughter of Mungo Park, the traveller, and by her had a son, the 
 present Lieut. Col. Henry Warter Meredydd of Pentrebychan, Denbighshire. (Hist. 
 Powys Fadog v., p. 280.) — Ed. 
 
S' 
 
 z ■» 
 
 HUMPHREiY LLWTI>« 
 
lo; 
 
 rebellion), and was succeeded by his son Richard. ' Riehard- wa.s 
 made Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of Charles the 
 First, who created him Baron of Emlyn in England ; and after 
 the Restoration was Lord President of the Marches in Wales, 
 and a Privy Counsellor.^ His son, Lord Vaughan, who married 
 Rachel, the coheiress of the virtuous Southampton, died without 
 issue before his father. She became after the distinguished wife 
 and pious widow of Lord [William] Russell. 
 
 From Owain Brogyntyn, Lord of Dinmael and Edeyrnion, the 
 natural son of Madog, the son of Maredudd, the son of 
 Bleddyn, the founder of the Tribe, descended the Rh^ses of 
 Rug. The heiress of the house, Margaret, married Piers Sales- 
 bury of Bachymbyd, a younger son of Lleweni. Through the 
 Salesburys, the Pughs of Mathafarn, the Prices of Gogerthan 
 (from the alliance of his grandmother of Nannau with the first 
 house), it now belongs to that spirited good Officer, Captain 
 Edward Williames Vaughan Salesbury of the Guards.^ 
 
 1 Jeremy Taylor, afterwards Bishop of Down and Connor, was harboured by this 
 second Earl of Golden Grove during the time of Cromwell, and where it is said he 
 vrrote Holy Living and Dying ; The Golden Grove; and other works. The Earldom 
 of Carbery became extinct in 17 12, on the death of John third Earl, whose daughter 
 and heiress Anne became Duchess of Bolton, but died without issue in 1751, leaving 
 the Vaughan estates to her kinsman John Vaughan of Terracoed, who bequeathed them 
 to his friend John Campbell, afterwards created Earl of Cawdor, in whose descendant 
 they are still vested. (Arch. Cam. 4th ser. xii., p. 283.) The late John Lloyd 
 Vaughan Watkins, Esq. of Pennoyre, M.P. for Brecon, was a descendant of the 
 Vaughans of Golden Grove, in the female line, his mother, Susanna Eleanora being 
 the granddaughter and ultimate heiress of the above-named John Vaughan of Terracoed. 
 (Burke's Landed Gentry.) — Ed^ 
 
 2 See ««fe, p. 57, note. — Ed. 
 
io8 
 
 From Brogyntyn were the Maesmors of Maesmor.^ Their heiress, 
 Catharine, married Peter Morris Esquire of Hafod y maidd, and 
 conveyed the estate into that family,'' but the male line was 
 continued in Nicholas, her first cousin, and is still extant. 
 
 The Lloyds of Dolglessyn are from Brogyntyn: Their property 
 was not long since alienated to Rug, to which it is contiguous. 
 
 The Hughes's of Gwerclas descended from Brogyntyn :' Hum- 
 phrey Hughes Esquire, of that place, living in 1681, was 
 
 1 In the pedigree of this house Robert ab GrufFudd, father of Robert Wynn, marries 
 Margaret Salesbury of Lluesog, and has by her fifteen children ; and it is whimsical to 
 observe the surnames which these adopted, so different from their parents and from 
 each other : Robert Wynn, leuan Wynn, Dafydd Llwyd, Morys and Hugh Maesmawr, 
 Sir Rh^s Wynn, John Llwyd, Gwenhwyfar Llwyd, Lowri, Angharad Wenn, Margaret 
 Wenn, Gwen Llwyd. 
 
 2 Their granddaughter Catherine heiress of Maesmor, married first John Kyffin, Esq. 
 of Ucheldre, who died without issue, and secondly Edward Lloyd, Esq. of Trefnant, 
 County Montgomery, descended from lestyn ap Gwrgant, founder of the fourth Royal 
 Tribe of Wales, of which marriage there was issue, a daughter and heiress, Catherine 
 Maria Margaretta who married first John Lewis Parry, Esq., Royal Marines, who died 
 8th May, 1822 ; and secondly Lieut. General John Manners.Carr. (Arch. Cam. 4th, 
 jer. viii., p. 195.) — Ed. 
 
 ^ Owain Brogyntyn was the illegitimate son of Madog ab Maredudd by a daughter of 
 the Maer du, or the black Mayor, of Rflg in Edeyrnion. His father granted to him 
 that Lordship, with the honor of Dinmael. Owain had three sons, Gruffudd, Bleddyn 
 and lorwerth ; Gruffudd, the elder, had one moiety of Edeyrnion, lorwerth the other, 
 and Bleddyn had Dinmael, GrufFudd ab Owain ab Bleddyn ab Owain Brogyntyn 
 assigned over the Royalty of the Lordship of Dinmael to Lacy, Earl of Lincoln ; that 
 was, all felonies except forfeitures. Prior to this, malefactors were usually executed at 
 a place called Bryn y Crogwr, or the Hangman's Hill, in Maesmor. The children of 
 Gruffudd ab Owain aforesaid were, Owen hen, Llywelyn Offeiriad, Hywel, and a 
 daughter, Generis, who ended her life in retirement at a place since called Muriau 
 Generis in Dwyfaen. The said Llywelyn Offeiriad, or the Priest, in a disagreement 
 with his brothers, Owain hen and Hywel, sold his lands to the Earl of Lincoln, and 
 accepted a grant from the E^arl of thirteen pounds of land for the yearly rent of 
 
109 
 
 twelfth in descent from Owain, The heiress of the Hughes's 
 married the Lloyds, the present possessors.^ 
 
 From Cadwgan,^ the second son of the founder of the Tribe, 
 descend the Nanneys of Nannau. The elder daughter and 
 
 thirteen pair of gloves, which parcels of land his descendants still possess in the quality 
 of Freeholders. Owain Brogyntyn married, first, Jonet, the daughter of Hywel ab 
 Madog ab Idnerth ab Cadwgan ab Athelstan Glodrudd, the fifth Royal Tribe, and had 
 no issue by her. He married, secondly, Marred, or Margaret, the daughter of Einion 
 ab Seisyllt of Mathafarn, by whom he had GrufFudd, who married Jonet, daughter of 
 Sir William Say, Knight. From GrufFudd was descended Madog of Hendwr, father of 
 Dafydd, father of Gwion Llwyd, &c., &c. Gwion Lloyd Esquire of Hendwr, in my 
 memory, left Edeyrnion, and bought and settled himself at the lower Gwersyllt, since 
 purchased by my worthy old friend, John Cawley Humberston Cawley Esquire.* 
 Near Porkington [Brogyntyn], and far from his own country, is a singular entrench- 
 ment, called Castle Brogyntyn, a fort belonging to Owain Brogyntyn. His dagger and 
 cup are preserved at Rug. The latter, perhaps, hath been most murderous. [Owain 
 Brogyntyn was a man of distinguished valour. He was made by his father Lord 
 of Dinmael, and after the deposition of his half brother, Elissau, in 1202, he appears to 
 have become Lord of Edeyrnion also. He resided at Brogyntyn, near Oswestry, and 
 was living in 1215. (Hist. Powys Fadog, i., p. 125.) His arms were, argent a lion 
 rampant sable, debruised by a baton sinister gules (lb., p. 318), though they are 
 generally given without this difference. — Ed^ 
 
 1 Dorothea, eldest surviving daughter of Richard Hughes Lloyd, Esq. of Plymog, 
 Gwerclas, Kymmer, and Bashall, was married 6th July, 1832, to her relative, John 
 Hughes, Esq., third son of William Hughes, Esq., representative in the male line of 
 the ancient family of Hughes of Gwerclas, Barons of Kymmer in Edeyrnion — thus 
 uniting the senior with a junior branch of it. The issue of this marriage was one 
 child, Talbot de Bashall Hughes, born 15th December, 1836, an Officer in the Cape 
 Mounted Rifles. The armorial ensigns of this eminent house are those of their 
 ancestors, the Sovereign Princes of Powys, namely, argent a lion rampant sable — " the 
 black lion of Powys.'' (Dwnn^s Vis., ii., p. 250, note.) The account of this family, 
 compiled, I believe, by that learned antiquary, the Rev. Walter Davies, in Burke's 
 Landed Gentry, contains a vast amount of genealogical information relating to other 
 Welsh families. — Ed. 
 
 2 Cadwgan of Nannau's arms were, Or a lion rampant azure, armed and langued 
 gules. In iiiohe was suddenly attacked by his nephew, Madog, at Welshpool, and 
 
 * Subsequently sold to . . . Atherston, Esq. — Ed. 
 
no 
 
 heiress of the last of the male line, Hugh Nanney, married 
 William Vaughan Esquire of Corsygedol ; but no issue remaining 
 from this match, the estate hath devolved to Sir Robert 
 Williames Vaughan, the grandson of the the twin-sister of his 
 great aunt Mrs. Vaughan. Sir Robert has improved the place 
 (in itself distinguished) by a good family mansion, which is said 
 to have one of the highest situations, of a gentleman's house, 
 in Great Britain.^ 
 
 The Wythans of Trewythan descended from Cadwgan. The 
 line ended in an heiress, Mary, married to Bowen Jones Esquire 
 of Pen yr allt goch, and the issue of the match, the Reverend 
 Evan Jones,^ is the present possessor of Trewythan. 
 
 slain before he could draw his sword and defend himself. According to Bruty Tywysogion, 
 he was married Jive times, namely, first, to Gwenllian, daughter of Gruffudd ab Cynan, 
 by whom he had a son, Madog ; secondly, to Sanan, daughter of Dyfnwal, by whom he 
 had a son, Einion ; thirdly, to Ellyw or Ellinor, daughter of Cadifor ab Collwyn, lord 
 of Dyfed, by whom he had a son, Morgan ; fourthly, to " the Frenchwoman," a 
 daughter of Pigot de Say, by whom he had two sons, Henry and Gruffudd ; and fifthly, 
 to Euron, daughter of Hoedliw, son of Cadwgan ab Elystan Glodrudd, by whom he 
 had a son, Meredith, f Burke's Landed Gentry.) — Ed. 
 
 1 Sir Robert Williames Vaughan, Bart., died without issue in 1859, when the title 
 became extinct, and his estates were divided. The Nannau and Hengwrt properties are 
 now vested in John Vaughan, Esq., and the Rhug estates were devised to the Hon. 
 Charles Henry Wynn, the present owner. The Nanney 's bore Or, a lion rampant 
 azure ; the coat of the Vaughaiis of Nannau was, Or and gules four lions rampant 
 counterchanged of the field ; on the centre of the field the Nanney escutcheon. — Ed. 
 
 ^ Mr. Jones by his lady, the sister of Mr. Alderman Combe, has four children, 
 Wythan, Charlotte, Caroline, and Harvey Bowen. [Trewythan, or Trewythen as it is 
 generally called, is in the parish of Llandinam, Montgomeryshire. The Rev. Evan Jones 
 died 10th July, 1827. His eldest son and heir, Wythen Jones, died i6th November, 
 1855 ; his only child, Charlotte, having died unmarried before him. By his Will, 
 
Ill 
 
 From Cadwgan come the Lloyds of Cwmm bychan, still 
 extant. A younger brother of the house was settled, early in 
 this century, at Llanarmon in Yale, and was father to my worthy 
 friend, that excellent historian and Welsh antiquary, the late 
 Reverend John Lloyd^ of Caerwys. 
 
 The Protector Cromwell was descended from Cadwgan. The 
 family name was anciently Williams; Morgan Williams of Nant- 
 church in Cardiganshire married the sister of Thomas Cromwell, 
 the Minister Earl of Essex, and was succeeded by his son, 
 Sir Richard Cromwell of Hinchingbroke in Huntingdonshire, who 
 first assumed the name of Cromwell : He was father to Sir 
 Henry Cromwell, the grandfather by his second son Robert, of 
 Oliver the Protector. I know nothing of Oliver's partialities to 
 Wales ; but he encouraged a small octavo of the Welsh Bible,^ 
 
 Wythen Jones devised his estates to his only brother, Hervey Bowen Jones, who died 
 without issue, about the year 1865, having previously sold the estates in 1862. 
 Trewythen now belongs to David Davies, Esq. of Broneirion. — Sd."] 
 
 ^ My friend Mr. Lloyd was usually called Blodeu ; signifying, that he was the 
 Blodeu, or flower of Llanarmon, where he had spent his younger years with his father. 
 [He was the friend also and occasional companion of Pennant in his travels, eighteenth 
 in descent from Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. He was the father of the late Miss Angharad 
 Lloyd, a lady well known among Welsh literati ; also of the Rev. Robert Watkin 
 Lloyd, who died in i860, leaving two sons, the Rev. Francis Llywelyn Lloyd of Ty yn 
 Rhyl, and Edward Lloyd, Esq. of Castellau, in the County of Glamorgan. Pennant 
 gives an interesting account of his visit to Cwmbychan in 1776, and of the primitive 
 style of living of its then owner, Evan Lloyd, Esq., whose present representative and 
 descendant is John Lloyd, Esq. of Cwmbychan. The Lloyds of Blaenyglyn, represented 
 by William Wellesley Gordon Lloyd, Esq., and Rev. John Vaughan Lloyd, Vicar of 
 Hope in 1858, are a branch of the same family. — Ed^ 
 
 2 William Tyndal, our countryman, had with great cost and labour printed at 
 Antwerp, in 1528, an incorrect impression of the New Testament in English, translated 
 
112 
 
 when that edition (which from its size was thought useful) was 
 scarce ; and an act of Pariiament passed for the propagation of 
 the Gospel in North Wales. The London Polyglot Bible was 
 produced at the same time, and Cromwell ever appears a steady 
 friend to the Protestant interests.^ I do not find, that his 
 military occasions brought him to Wales, but he might have 
 
 by himself. Whilst mourning the low state of his finances, which would not enable 
 him to amend his book, it chanced that Bishop Tonstal, passing through Antwerp, 
 thought he could do no greater service to the Catholic faith, than by buying up Tyndal's 
 Testaments, and committing them to the flames. Tyndal received the good Prelate's 
 money with rapture, and employed it in printing his Translation correct, which he 
 instantly transmitted to England, where it made many proselytes. Sir Thomas More, 
 in 1529, expressing his surprize at the frequency of these prohibited books, was 
 answered in Council, "That it was owing to the hberal encouragement of Bishop 
 Tonsta.l"—Burnei Ref. 
 
 1 Cromwell had two signal occasions given him so shew his zeal in protecting the 
 Protestants abroad. The Duke of Savoy raised a new persecution of the Vaudois : 
 So Cromwell sent to Mazarin, desiring him to put a stop to that ; adding, " That he knew 
 well they had that Duke in their power, and could restrain him as they pleased ; and 
 if they did not, he must presently break with them." Mazarin objected to this as 
 unreasonable : He promised to do good offices ; but he could not be obliged to answer 
 for the effects they might have. This did not satisfy Cromwell. So they obliged the 
 Duke of Savoy to put a stop to that unjust fury : And Cromwell raised a great sum 
 for the Vaudois, and sent over Morland to settle all their concerns, and to supply all 
 their losses. There was also a tumult in Nismes, in which some disorder had been 
 committed by the Huguenots : And they, apprehending severe proceedings upon it, 
 sent one over with great expedition to Cromwell, who sent him back to Paris in an 
 hour's time with a very effectual letter to his Ambassador,* requiring him either to 
 prevail, that the matter might be passed over, or to come away immediately. Mazarin 
 complained of this way of proceeding as too imperious ; but the necessity of their 
 affairs made him yield. Cromwell had intended a great design to begin his Kingship 
 with, had he assumed it. He had resolved to set up a Council for the Protestant 
 Religion, in opposition to the congregation De Propagandi fide at Rome. He intended 
 
 • Lockhart was employed afterwards as Ambassador to France by Charles the Second, and said, " That 
 he found, that he had nothing of that regard, that was paid him in Cromwell's time." — Ibid. 
 
113 
 
 made a friendly visit there ; for in the old house at Kinmael, 
 then belonging to Colonel Carter,^ an officer in his favour, is 
 a room called Cromwell's parlour. 
 
 The Vaughans of Wengraig were descended from Cadwgan. 
 The father of Robert Vaughan, the antiquary, married the 
 heiress of Hengwrt,^ the granddaughter of Lewis Owen, the 
 Baron,^ to whom the place had belonged. The antiquary died 
 
 it should consist of seven Counsellors, and four Secretaries for different Provinces. 
 These were the first ; France, Switzerland, and the Valleys : The Palatinate and the 
 other Calvinists were the second ; Germany, the North, and Turkey, were the third ; 
 and the East and West Indies were the fourth. The Secretaries were to have five 
 hundred pounds salary apiece, and to keep a correspondence everywhere, to know the 
 state of religion all over the world, that so all designs might, by their means, be 
 protected and assisted. They were to have a fund of io,oool. a year at their disposal 
 for ordinary emergencies, but to be farther supplied as occasions should require it. 
 Chelsea College was to be made up for them, which was then an old decayed building, 
 that had been at first raised to be a College for writers of Controversy. — Burnet " Of 
 his own Time." 
 
 1 Carter, before he commenced soldier, was a draper ; and marrying after the heiress 
 of Kinmael, a Hollander, the wags said he had chosen (as well he might) the best piece 
 of Holland in the country. Kinmael had more anciently belonged to the Llwyds of 
 the tribe of Marchudd. Alice Llwyd the heiress of the place and an old maid, leaves 
 twenty shillings to her ghostly father. Sir John ab Ellis, the parson of Kegidog, or 
 St. George's, the neighbouring church. 
 
 ^ She was Margaret, second daughter of Edward Owen of Hengwrt, third son of the 
 Baron, but no heiress. Hengwrt was purchased by the Vaughans of Wengraig, from 
 the Owens. (Byegones 1872, p. 99). — Ed. 
 
 * Owen was Vice Chamberlain of North Wales, and Baron of the Exchequer at 
 Carnarvon. " They were called at that time," says old Sir John of Gwydir, " The 
 lawyers of Carnarvon, the merchants of Beaumaris, and the gentlemen of Conway ; and," 
 adds the historian, " the records of the King's Court kept at Carnarvon in those days 
 were as orderly and formally kept as those in Westminster-hall." I once passed the 
 place where Baron Owen lost his life. "On the road," says Mr. Pennant, "near jrcr 
 Mowddwy, Lewis Owen, Vice Chamberlain of North Wales and Baron of the Exchequer 
 
 P 
 
 A.n. 
 
114 
 
 in 1667, and by his wife, a daughter of Nannau, left a son 
 Howel : Howel was succeeded by his son Robert, who married 
 Jonet, the younger twin-daughter, but eventually the heiress of 
 Nannau. Her son. Sir Robert Howel Vaughan, by the heiress 
 Williames of Ystymcolwyn, left three sons ; Sir Robert Williames 
 Vaughan of Nannau, Edward Salesbury Vaughan Esquire of Rug, 
 
 at Carnarvon, was cruelly murdered by a set of banditti, with which this country was 
 over-run. After the wars of York and Lancaster multitudes of felons and outlaws 
 inhabited this country, and established in these parts for a great length of time a race 
 of wretches, who continued to rob, burn and murder in large bands, in defiance of the 
 civil power ; and would steal and drive whole herds of cattle in mid-day from one 
 country to another with impunity. To put a stop to these ravages, a commission was 
 granted to John Wynn ab Maredudd of Gwydir (grandfather to the historian Sir John), 
 and to Lewis Owen of Hengwrt, the Baron, in order to settle the peace of the country, 
 and to punish all offenders against its government. In pursuance of their orders they 
 raised a body of stout men, and on a Christmas-eve seized above fourscore outlaws and 
 felons, on whom they held a jail delivery, and punished according to their deserts. 
 Among them were the two sons of a woman, who very earnestly applied to Owen for 
 the life of one of them. He refused ; when the mother in a great rage told him, 
 opening her bosom, ' These yellow breasts have given suck to those, who shall wash 
 their hands in 3?our blood.' Revenge was determined by the surviving villains. They 
 watched their opportunity to way-lay the Baron, as he was passing through these parts 
 from Montgomeryshire Assizes, in the thick woods of Mowddwy, at a place called from 
 the deed, Llidiart y Barwn, or the Baron's gate ; where they cut down several trees to 
 cross the road and impede the passage. They then discharged on him a shower of arrows ; 
 one of which sticking in his face he took and broke. After this they attacked him with 
 bills and javelins, and left him slain with above thirty wounds. His son-in-law, John 
 Llwyd of Ceiswyn, defended him to the last, but his cowardly attendants fled on the 
 first onset. His death gave peace to the country, for most vigorous justice ensued, and 
 the whole nest of banditti was extirpated ; many fell by the hand of justice, and the rest 
 fled never to return." [Baron Lewis Owen lived at Cwrt Plas yn dre, Dolgelley, often 
 absurdly called " Owen Glyndwr's Parliament House." The old house was pulled down 
 a few years ago and rebuilt at Newtown, Montgomeryshire, by Mr. Pryce Jones who 
 had purchased the materials. Evan Lloyd of Blaenglyn, married Mary, daughter of 
 Robert Owen, sixth in descent from the Baron, and their grandson, Evan Garnons Lloyd 
 of Erwgoed, was living in 1879. — Ed."] 
 
115 
 
 and Griffith Howel Vaughan Esquire of Hengwrt.* Robert, 
 the antiquary, published a small tract by the name of British 
 Antiquities Revived, dedicated to the first Sir Richard Wynn of 
 Gwydir, which was intended to end the controversy, then sub- 
 sisting, respecting the primogeniture of the sons of Roderic, 
 who on the tripartition of Wales gave the northern parts to 
 Anarawd, the southern to Cadell, and Powys to Merfyn. The 
 South Welshmen contended that Cadell was the elder brother: 
 This is denied with zeal and effect by Mr. Vaughan. He was 
 intimate with Usher ; and in the course of their correspondence 
 he tells the Primate, that he had translated into English the 
 annals of Wales, which he had sent him for his perusal, but it 
 does not appear it was ever returned. He left in manuscript 
 the topography of Merionethshire, a tour of Wales, and com- 
 mentaries on the Triades.^ He wrote notes also on Gildas [and] 
 Nennius, with an explanatory paraphrase on Welsh Chronology. 
 
 In the fifty-third year of his age and the thirteenth of his 
 reign, our founder fell by a fate, familiar to that period, and 
 was murdered by his subjects in South Wales. Bleddyn was 
 
 1 All of whom died without issue. At the time of his death in 1859, the three 
 estates belonged to Sir Robert Williames Vaughan, but after his decease they were 
 divided. See note, p. no, ante. — Ed. 
 
 2 These papers are preserved from copies made at Hengwrt by that wayward child of 
 genius, the late Reverend Evan Evans, before that valuable collection was dissipated. 
 This library consisted of 165 MSS. Mr. Vaughan had made an agreement with 
 Mr. Jones [of Gellilyfdy in the parish] of Ysgeifiog, an indefatigable collector of MSS., 
 that the survivor of them should succeed to the other's library. Jones died first, and 
 his collection [which filled upwards of fifty large volumes] came to Hengwrt, [but are 
 now at Peniarth, near Towyn, Merionethshire, having been bequeathed to the late 
 
ii6 
 
 just and mild in his administration, and framed a system of 
 laws on the old constitutions of Moelmutius and Hywel.^ Our 
 historians condemn him for receiving his crown from Edward of 
 England, and becoming tributary to that Prince ; but the success 
 of the Confessor's General, Harold,'' at this period over our country- 
 men, left little choice in that matter. Bleddyn we are told was 
 rich: A Welsh distich* is quoted to that purpose, but I understand 
 it means no more than that he was Paramount of Powys, and 
 that the freehold lands in that principality were held under him 
 in capite. He had four wives, and issue by them all; Maredudd 
 by his first ;* Cadwgan and Llywarch by the second ; Madog 
 and Ririd by the third ; and lorwerth by the last. 
 
 W. W. E. Wynne, Esq., by his kinsman Sir Robert Williames Vaughan, Bart., who 
 died in 1859. — EdJ] Vaughan had made many copies of Welsh MSS. from Oxford, 
 the Tower, and other places : What authority is due to the destruction by one Scholan 
 of the Welsh MSS. in the Tower, I know not ; nor am I given to believe it. It is 
 ■certain, that in the end of Edward the First's reign many Welshmen of rank were 
 confined in that prison, engaged in the three unsuccessful insurrections after his 
 conquest. It is said they solicited the favour that their MSS. might be sent them out 
 of Wales ; that they were indulged in this request, and thence the Tower became the 
 principal repository of Welsh literature. [Robert Vaughan wrote many works besides 
 those above enumerated. He died in 1666, and was buried at Dolgelley. — EdJ^ 
 
 1 According to Geoffrey of Monmouth, Dunwallo Moelmutius was the son of Cloten, 
 Duke of Cornwall, and reigned in Britain 441 years before Christ. Our Welsh 
 Justinian, Hywel Dha, died at Rome in 948. 
 
 2 Harold on his success revived the laws of OfFa, that no Welshman should pass that 
 ditch, but under the loss and forfeiture of a limb. Harold had built a magnificent 
 house at Portyscydd in Monmouthshire, where he entertained his Master, Edward, but 
 which was soon after pillaged and destroyed by the Welsh. 
 
 * See ante, p. 39, note. 
 
 * His first wife, Haer, was a widow ; very beautiful : She was the daughter and 
 heiress of Gillyn, the son of Blaidd Rhudd, or the bloody Wolf, of Gest in Eifionydd. 
 By Cynfyn Hirdref, her first husband, she was grandmother to Ririd, who took the 
 
117 
 
 appellation of Blaidd, or the Wolf, in descent from his ancestor, Blaidd Rhudd, above 
 mentioned. The famous Hywel y pedolau was the son of Gwenllian, daughter to Ririd 
 flaidd. There is a Welsh poem extant of Cynddelw Brydydd mawr, the great Bard, 
 who flourished about the year 1160, returning thanks to Ririd for a fine sword, with 
 which he had presented him. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] 
 
 The author, it will have been observed, has confined himself to tracing the 
 descendants of two only of the founder's sons, namely, Meredydd and Cadwgan, and he 
 has left many of those unnoticed. 
 
 In addition to those already named, the following families are descended from 
 Meredydd : — Pryce of Cyfronydd, Robert Davies Pryce, Esq., Lord Lieutenant of 
 Merionethshire, the present owner of Cyfronydd, being twenty-sixth in direct male 
 descent from the founder of the tribe (Mont. Coll, xix., p. 132); the Maurices of 
 Brynygwaliau and Bodynfoel fib. v., p. 266) ; Owens, Trefeilir fDwnii's Vis. ii., p. 202) ; 
 Matthews of Trefnannau (Hist. Powys Fadog.^ i., p. 108) ; and Rogers of Burgedin 
 (lb.), all three extinct ; and Parry of Main, the last representative of which died in 
 1827 (lb. and Mont. Coll. xiii., p. 419). From Cynwrig Efell came the Davies's of 
 Glwysegl and Brynbwa (Hist. Powys Fadog, i., p. 128) ; Griffiths, Gwysanau ; Davies, 
 Arddynwent and Marrington ; and Parry, Wernddu, near Oswestry (lb. J From 
 Einion Efell, the Wynns of Moeliwrch ; and Edwards of Ness Strange (Dwnn^s 
 Vis., ii., p. 329) ; the Maurices of Penybont, Trefedrid, &c. ; Swynae of Maenan ; 
 Lloyds of Foord and Pentrecoed (Hist. Powys Fadog, iv., p. 242) ; Powells of Park, 
 Whittington (lb., iii., p. 405) ; Lloyd's, Moelfre ; Hughes, Llanarmon ; Daniel, Cefn 
 yr Odfa ; Davies, Pentrecae ; Maurice, Cwm Blawty ; and Hughes, Pentrebach (lb. J 
 From Owen Brogyntyn, the Wynns of Pentre Morgan ; and the Lloyds of Ebnall, 
 subsequently merged in the Lloyds of Llwynymaen (lb., iii., p. 403). Owain Glyndwr 
 (ante, p. 53) had six sons, all of whom died without issue, having either fallen in battle, 
 or been taken prisoners and mercilessly put to death. He had also five daughters, 
 namely : Isabel, who married Adam ab lorwerth Ddu ; Alice, who married Sir John 
 Scudamore, Knight, of Kentchurch, in the County of Hereford, whose lineal heir and 
 representative, John Lucy Scudamore, Esq. of Kentchurch Court, was living in 1880 ; 
 Lucy or Jane, who married Henry Lord Grey de Ruthin, but died without issue ; 
 Janet, who married Sir John de Croft, Knight, of Croft Castle, Herefordshire, whose 
 present representatives are Archer James Croft, Esq. of Greenham Lodge, Berks., and 
 Sir Archer Denman Croft, Bart., of Croft Castle ; and Margaret, who married Sir Richard 
 
ii8 
 
 Monnington, Knight, of Monnington, Herefordshire. He had besides these, several 
 illegitimate children. His sister Lowry, married Robert Puleston, Esq. of Emral, to 
 whose family, on failure of Owain's male issue, his arms descended, and they still 
 quarter them, namely. Paly of eight argent and gules^ over all a lion rampant sahle. 
 (L. Glyn Cothi's Works, p. 458.) For a long and full account of Owain Glyndwr, see 
 Pennanfs Tours in Wales, vol. iii.. Appendix vii. 
 
 Celynin, who flourished during the first half of the fourteenth century, and who bore 
 sahle a he-goat passant argent, was sixth in descent from Aleth, King of Dyfed. Having 
 killed the Mayor of Carmarthen, he fled into Powysland, and according to Harl. MS. 
 1973, fo. 140, married Gwladys, daughter and heiress of Ririd ab Cynwrig Efell, with 
 whom he obtained Llwydiarth, but according to the Salisbury MSS. at Wynnstay, she 
 was his mother, which is most probable. Dwnn {Vis., L, p. 294) states that Celynin 's 
 wife was Gwenllian, daughter of Meredydd ab Rhydderch ab Tewdwr Mawr. He was 
 the founder of the now extinct families of Llwydiarth and Caergai (ante, p. 104), 
 Lloyd of Llanfechain, and Griffiths of Llanfyllin, and of the Lloyds of Dolobran, and 
 Davies of Maesmawr and Fronfelen, Montgomeryshire, both still extant, the one being 
 represented by Sampson Lloyd, Esq., and others, and the other by John Pryce 
 Davies, Esq. 
 
 According to Lewys Dwnn (Vis., i., p. no), Bleddyn by his first wife had, besides 
 Meredydd, a son Gwyn, the ancestor of the Bowens of Llwch-meilir. Catherine, the 
 coheiress of Richard Bo wen of Llwch-meilir, married John Scourfield, Esq., from whom 
 are descended the Scourfields of Pembrokeshire. 
 
 Cadwgan was also the ancestor of the following families, in addition to those already 
 named by the author, namely, the Wevers of Presteign fDwnn's Vis., i., p. 258) ; the 
 Nanneys of Cefndeuddwr, whose last lineal male representative died in the present 
 century, when the estates passed, under his Will, to his nephew, David EUis, Esq. of 
 Gwynfryn, in the County of Carnarvon, who took the name of Nanney, and upon his 
 death without issue in 1819, his nephew, Owen Jones, Esq. of Brynkir, who assumed 
 the name of Nanney after his own, came into the property — (Hist. Powys Fadog, v., 
 p. 58) ; the Derwas family of Cemmes, whose present representative in the female line 
 is William R. M. Wynne, Esq. of Peniarth (lb., p. 109) ; and Matthews of Esgair 
 Foel Eirin, now represented by Oliver Laurence Ruck, Esq. of Pantlludw near 
 Machynlleth. (Mont Coll., xvii., pp. 58, 63). 
 
 Fourth in descent from Cadwgan, was Cynfelyn ab Dolphyn, lord of Manafon, who 
 married Julian, daughter of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, and was the ancestor of 
 the Wythens of Trewythen (ante, p. iii) ; the Merediths of Manafon (Dwmt's 
 Vis., {., p. 285) ; the Maurices of Llandinam (lb., p. 303) ; the Gwynn's of Llanidloes 
 (lb., p. 309) ; the Wynns of Gungrog and Trelydan (lb., p. 320) ; Gilbert Jones 
 fib., p. 324) ; Jones, Helygain (lb., ii., p. 301) ; Jones, Clegyrddwr, Llanbrynmair 
 
119 
 
 (Hist. Powys Fadog, v., p. 54) ; Pryce, Llanllugan ; Hughes, Llanlloddian ; and 
 Maurice, Llangurig (Ih., p. 63), all of whom appear to be extinct. Cynfelyn gave his 
 name to the Township of Dolgynfelyn, formerly a detached portion of Manafon parish, 
 but a few years ago annexed to the adjacent parish of Llanllugan. His arms were 
 azitre a lion passant argent. 
 
 By his second wife, Bleddyn had also two daughters : first, Hunydd, or Gwladys, 
 who became the wife of Rhydderch, second son of Tewdwr Mawr, and a brother of 
 Rh)'s ab Tewdwr, founder of the second Royal Tribe (ante, p. 27). Rhydderch was 
 the ancestor of the Lloyds of Forest, Glyn Cothi and Peneint, Carmarthenshire 
 (Dwnri's Fts., i., p. 222) ; and of the Evans's of Llangeler, in the same County (Cam. 
 Journal^ 1864, p. 108). Second, Gwenllian, wife of Caradog ab Trahaiarn, by whom 
 she was the mother of Owain ab Caradog. (Dwiiii's Vis., ii., p. 99). 
 
 Madog and Ririd, the founder's sons by his third wife, were slain by lestyn ab 
 Gwrgant, prince of Glamorgan, at the battle of Llechryd in 1087. Ririd, however, 
 appears to have left issue, three sons : first, Madog ; second, Cadwgan, the ancestor of, 
 among others, the Davies's of Henblas, Llansilin. John Davies of Henblas, was the 
 author of the well-known Display of Heraldry, published in 1716 ; and his sister's son, 
 John Reynolds of Oswestry, also published a book of pedigrees in 1735. Third, 
 Cynwrig, the ancestor of the Foulkes's of Rhiwlas, in the same parish. Both families 
 are now supposed to be extinct. (Hist. Powys Fadog, iv., p. 232). 
 
 By his fourth wife, Morien, daughter of Idnerth ab Cadwgan ab Elystan Glodrudd 
 (founder of the fifth Royal Tribe), Bleddyn had two sons, namely : first, lorwerth Goch, 
 who was slain at Caereinion by his nephew, Madog ab Ririd, in 11 09; and second, 
 Llywelyn, or, as he is called in some pedigrees, Rhiwallon ( Dwnnh Vis., ii., p. 330), 
 the ancestor of the Lloyds of Rhiwlas ; and the Gethins of Glasgoed, Llansilin ; both 
 apparently extinct in the male line ; and the Davies's of Trewylan, Montgomeryshire, 
 still extant. (Mont. Coll., iv., p. 155). 
 
 Llewelyn Aurdorchog (" of the Golden Torque,") Lord of Yale, whose arms were 
 azure a lion rampant guardant or, married Eva, daughter, though some say sister, of 
 Bleddyn ab Cynfyn. Among their descendants were the Evans's of Rhydycarw 
 (ancestors maternally of the Owens of Glansevern) ; the Lloyds of Berthlwyd ; the 
 Jones's of Garthmyl ; the Hanmers of Pentrepant ; the Lloyds of Conway ; the 
 Owens of Ysgrwgan and Trefgeiriog ; the Lloyds of Nantymyneich, Mallwyd ; the 
 Walcots of Walcot and Bitterley ; and other Montgomeryshire and Border families, 
 mostly extinct in the male line. (Burke's Landed Gentry.) 
 
 In the description of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn's arms (ante, p. 40, note), a slight error was 
 made. Instead of " Or a lion rampant gules armed and langued or ;" read " Or a lion 
 rampant gules armed and langued azure!''' — Ed. 
 
JESTYN AB GWRGANT. 
 
 JeSTYN AB GWRGANT, the fourth Royal Tribe, was Lord 
 of Glamorgan.^ He descended in the twenty-ninth generation 
 from our great Caractacus f a sorry slip from such a stock. 
 
 The Silurian Prince had defended his country from foreign 
 enemies; his descendant introduced them to enslave it. Fitzhamon 
 divided his conquest (as hath been before observed) among his 
 twelve Knights, and Jestyn fell a just sacrifice to his own 
 treachery and ingratitude ; for Rh^s had raised him to a Royal 
 Tribe. 
 
 Of his descendants I find none extant in the male line. The 
 Myttleys of Mytdey ended in the Bromleys, and an heiress of 
 the former house was ancestress to the Lord Chancellor Bromley. 
 
 The Joneses of D61 in Edeyrnion descended from a Receiver 
 General of North Wales of this tribe. The last of the family 
 
 1 Ultima nunc dicenda venit Morgania tellus, 
 Pulchra situ, frugumque ferax et amxna locorum : 
 Regulus hanc tenuit titulo Jestinus avito 
 Gurganti proles, genus alto e sanguine Cambri ; 
 Quem nimis incautum, nimis in sua fata ruentem, 
 Perfidus impellit scelerosis artibus Eynon, 
 In proprium regem sine re, sine more rebellem. — Pentarchia. 
 
 His arms were Gules three cheveronels in pale argent. — Ed. 
 
 " After the captivity of Caractacus the Romans were often defeated by the single 
 state of the Silures. Romanosque post ejus capttvitatem, ah und tantum Silurum 
 civitate scepius victos etprofltgatos. — Tacit. 
 
121 
 
 was settled at Llanrhaiadr Dyffryn Clwyd, died early in this 
 [the eighteenth] century, and was buried in the Parish Church 
 with much monumental extravagance. His figure in marble is 
 recumbent at full length in a flowing gown and great Parian 
 periwig, in the bad funebrial fashion of that period.^ The 
 Newtons of Haethley, extinct in the male line, were of this 
 Tribe. Of this house was the lady of the late Thomas Meredith 
 Esquire of Pentre bychan, who was Chamberlain and Keeper of 
 the King's Original Seal for the counties of Denbigh and Mont- 
 gomery (thence called Baron), and father of Richard Meredith 
 the present gentleman of Pentre bychan, who succeeded him in 
 that office. This honor hath been in the Meredith family for 
 some generations.^ 
 
 1 This was Maurice Jones, Esq. of Plas Newydd, near Ruthin, who died loth January, 
 1702. He left his extensive estates to his cousin, Humphrey Parry, Esq. of Pwll- 
 halawg. — Ed. 
 
 ^ This office was abolished by the Act of 1830, which did away with the Courts of 
 Great Sessions, and established the present Welsh Circuits. Pentre bychan is now the 
 property of Col. Henry Warter Meredydd, grand-nephew of the above named 
 Richard Meredith. See aitte, p. 106, noie. — Sd. 
 
122 
 
 [ADDENDA.] 
 
 Iestyn was rejected by his countrymen as Sovereign on the death of his father, Gwrgan, 
 in 1030, owing to his violent and headstrong disposition, and his uncle Hywel was 
 elected instead ; on whose death in 1043, however, he succeeded to the throne. In 
 1088, he waged war with Rh^s ab Tewdwr, in conjunction with Einion ab Collwyn, 
 and the latter having obtained from England the aid of Robert Fitzhamon, and twelve 
 other Knights, they entirely defeated him at Hirwaen Wrgant (see ante, p. 28). A 
 quarrel between the two chieftains immediately afterwards, owing to lestyn's refusal to 
 give his daughter in marriage to Einion as promised, induced Einion to recall the 
 Normans who had already entered their ships to return home. He shouted to them, 
 and waved his cloak to call them back. They returned, and were easily persuaded by 
 him to wrest the territory of Glamorgan from its prince. They chased Iestyn out of 
 the country, who crossed the Bristol Channel, and fled to Glastonbury, thence to Bath, 
 and ultimately to the Monastery of Llangenys in Monmouthshire, where he died at 
 the great age of 129. His patrimony was divided into nineteen portions: — thirteen 
 were appropriated to Fitzhamon and his Knights, four to lestyn's sons, one to Einion, 
 and another to Robert ab Seisyllt. 
 
 Iestyn was twice married. His first wife, Denis, was, according to some pedigrees, the 
 daughter of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn ; but a comparision of dates will shew that this could 
 scarcely have been so. She may have been his elder sister. By her he had eight 
 children, — Rhydderch, Meredith, Cadwgan, Griffith, Rhiwallon, Morgan Hir, Elen, and 
 Gwenllian. His second wife was Angharad, the daughter of Elystan Glodrudd (founder 
 of the fifth Royal Tribe), and by her he had five children, namely, Caradog, Madog, 
 Morgan (who died young), Rh^s, and Nest. ( lolo MSS. 393). 
 
 Morgan Hir (or the Tall) was the ancestor of Alo of Trefnant, Caereinion, Mont- 
 gomeryshire, who came into Powysland in consequence of having killed the Mayor of 
 Ewyas, Monmouthshire, and married Eva, daughter of Einion Ddistain. From him 
 came the Lloyds of Trefnant, and the Pryces of Glwysegl and Llanfyllin, both now 
 extinct. (Hist. Powys Fadog, iv., p. 175). The Pryces of Llanfyllin continued steadfast 
 Roman Catholics, and Lord Castlemaine took refuge with them on the abdication of 
 James the Second. The Glwysegl branch ended in two coheiresses — Mary, the wife of 
 Charles Vaughan, Esq. of Llwydiarth ; and Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas Maurice Esq. 
 of Lloran. 
 
 Caradog was lord of Avan or Aberavan (vulgo, Aberavon), which he enfranchised. 
 He married Gwladus, sister [query daughter ?] of the Lord Rh5>s, and was the ancestor of 
 the Avans ofAvan, Pryces of Briton Ferry, Thomas's of Bettws, Loughors of Tythegston, 
 and Evans's of Gnoll and Eagles Bush. The three first named appear to be extinct ; the 
 
Loughors are represented in the female line by the Knights of Tythegston and Nottage 
 Court,and the Evans's are still extant in the male line. The patriotic family of Williams 
 of Aberpergwm, who have resided there for nearly 900 years, and are now represented 
 by Morgan Stuart Williams, Esq., are also descended in a direct line from Caradog ab 
 lestyn, and bear his arms quarterly with those of Einion ab Collwyn. So also are the 
 Bevans of Fosbury, Berkshire, and Trent Park, Enfield. (Nicholas's County Families, 
 pp. 621, 647). 
 
 Madog was the ancestor of the Llewelyns of Caerwiggau, and the numerous 
 descendants of levan Mady. (Clark^s Land of Morgan, p. 39J. Catherine, sole 
 daughter and heir of Morgan ap levan, Lord of Radyr, of this line, married Thomas ab 
 Sir David Mathew of LlandafF, one of the most distinguished men of his age, and 
 Standard-bearer of England to Edward the Fourth. Of this marriage there was issue, 
 five sons, the eldest of whom. Sir William Mathew of Radyr, was knighted by Henry 
 the Seventh on the field of Bosworth ; and was ancestor of the Earls of Llandaff, who 
 became extinct in 1833. (Burke's Landed Gentry.) To an Irish branch of this 
 illustrious family belonged the late Father Mathew, the temperance reformer, as does 
 also Mr. Justice Mathew, and several other branches of it are still extant. 
 
 Gwenllian or Arddun — according to Dwmt's Vis., i., p. 190 — one of the founder's 
 daughters, married Drumbenog, lord of Cantref Selyf, ninth in descent from whom was 
 Sir Roger Vaughan of Tretower, who married Gwladus, daughter of Sir David Gam, 
 and went with his father in law to the battle of Agincourt in 1415, where both lost 
 their lives in saving that of the king, and just before their death, received the honour 
 of knighthood. Sir Roger Vaughan was the ancestor of the Vaughans of Bredwardine, 
 Herast, Tretower, Clyro (now of Courtfield, Monmouthshire), Talgarth, &c. Walter 
 Vaughan, Esq. of Tretower and Talgarth, was a staunch Royalist, and one of the 
 intended "Knights of the Royal Oak," in the time of Charles the Second. His 
 daughter and sole heiress, Bridget, in 1677, married John Ashburnham, Esq., afterwards 
 created Baron Ashburnham, and ancestor of the Earl of Ashburnham. The other 
 branches of the Vaughan family are supposed to be extinct. 
 
 Asar, another of lestyn's daughters, married Sir Payne Turberville, one of Fitzhamon's 
 Knights, and brought to her husband Coety Castle. Turberville afterwards sided with 
 the Welsh, besieged Fitzhamon in his castle of Cardiff, and forced him to abrogate the 
 Norman laws which he had imposed upon his new subjects. (L. G. CotMs Works, p. 100, 
 note). This once powerful family failed in the main male line about the close of the 
 sixteenth century, and the cadet lines have since also failed. Cecil, daughter and heir 
 of Edmond Turberville, Esq. of Llantwit Major, married Iltyd Nicholl, Esq. of The 
 Ham, Glamorganshire. From this union have descended the NichoUs of The Ham, of 
 Merthyr Mawr, and of Penlline, and the Carnes of Nash. (Burke's Landed Gentry.) 
 
124 
 
 To this tribe belonged Lord Williams of Thame, Lord President of the Marches of 
 Wales, in the first year of Queen Elizabeth, whose daughter and coheir, Margary, was 
 married to Sir Henry Norris, Knight, ancestor of the Earl of Abingdon. Pennants 
 Hist, of Whiteford and Holywell^ Appendix. 
 
 The only family extant in North Wales, about the beginning of the present century, 
 descended from lestyn, is stated by Llwyd (Beaumaris Bay, p. 51, note J, to be the 
 Mealys of Perfeddgoed, near Bangor, an estate possessed by them from a very remote 
 period, and believed to have been granted to them by Llewelyn ap Griffith. The present 
 representative of this family, is the Rev. John Castle Burnett of Bath, who came into 
 the estate upon the death, 22nd February, 1870, without issue of his first cousin, the 
 late Rev. R. R. Parry Mealy, of Perfeddgoed. Of this family was David Daron, Dean 
 of Bangor, who was outlawed for his complicity with Owen Glyndwr's rebellion. He 
 was the Archdeacon of Shakespeare (Henry the Fourth, Act iii., scene i., the Arch- 
 deacon's house at Bangor), This family bears lestyn's arms, and for a crest, the Holy 
 Lamb carrying a cross, in remembrance of the fact that Christianity was first brought 
 into Wales by Bran the blessed, the father of Caractacus, from whom, as stated, ante, 
 p. 120, lestyn was twenty-ninth in direct descent. — Ed. 
 
A.D. 
 
 ATHELSTAN GLODRYDD." 
 
 WF this Regulus, the founder of the fifth Royal Tribe, I learn 
 little, but that his country lay between the Wye and Severn, 
 and was anciently called Ferlis: It was independent of the Princes 
 of South Wales. He was the son of Cyhelyn ab Ifor, by 
 Rhiengar, the daughter and heiress of Grono ab Tewdwr Trevor, 
 and from his mother inherited the Earldom of Hereford. He 
 was godson to the Saxon King, Athelstan, who was, it seems, 
 no kind gossip ; for at Glodrydd's baptism^ he marched a strong 933 
 army against Hereford, and imposed on the country a yearly 
 tribute of twenty pounds in gold, three hundred pounds in silver. 
 
 ^ Oftener called -ff/v^/^?? Glocirucld= Athelstan "of ruddy fame," Elystan being a 
 corruption of Athelstan. In the Triads he is classed with Morgan Mwynfawr and 
 Gwaethfoed, as " the three band-wearing princes," which insignia they assumed instead 
 of crowns, like the previous Kings of Britain. — £ci. 
 
 2 The uncertainty of dates is very perplexing. Mr. Robert Vaughan says, " That 
 GrufFudd ab Cynan, Rh^s ab Tewdwr, and Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, being the only Royal 
 Tribes then existing, founded two more." As far as this relates to Jestyn ab Gwrgant, 
 the matter may be clear, for these four may be said to have been contemporaries about 
 the year 1073, although GrufFudd at that time had not attained the throne ; but the 
 honor of representing the fifth Royal Tribe must have been given to the sons of 
 Athelstan Glodrydd in the name of their father then deceased ; for our Chroniclers date 
 his birth, as above, in the year 933.* " By Llwyth, or tribe, was meant," says 
 Mr. Llwyd of the Museum, " the descendants from such a person, and not the person 
 himself; so the twelve sons of Jacob are called the twelve tribes of Israel, because from 
 them sprang the twelve tribes of Israel ; and our tribes must be considered in the same 
 sense as Moses called the twelve sons of Jacob tribes, because they represented their 
 posterity, the tribes." 
 
 * Some authorities assign 927 as the date of his hiith.—fD'uian's Vis., i., p. 139, note.) — £d. 
 
126 
 
 and fine of two thousand five hundred cattle, with a certain 
 number of hounds and hawks/ 
 
 Of the descendants of Glodrydd were the Powels of Worthen. 
 The male line of this house hath lately become extinct in John 
 Powel Esquire, and the estate and lordship of Worthen hath 
 devolved to John Kynaston Powel Esquire of Hardwick^ in right 
 of his mother, and sister in half blood to the last gentleman 
 of Worthen. The Powels were anciently seated at Henllan in 
 Denbighshire, and in the Seventh Henry's time their ancestor, 
 Madog, marries Jane, daughter of Dafydd Myddelton of Gwaun- 
 
 ^ This arbitrary tribute, extorted from the Welsh while under the influence of power, 
 was no longer regarded, than while the Kings of England had the means of enforcing 
 its observance. Edgar, the nephew of Athelstan and son of his brother Edmund, 
 converted into a present of wolves' heads the tribute paid by the Welsh in gold and 
 silver, &c., originally imposed on them by Athelstan. Edgar was rowed on the Dee by 
 eight tributary petty Princes. [Athelstan, or Elystan Glodrudd, married Gwenllian, 
 daughter of Einion ab Hywel Dda, by whom he had three sons. Cad and Madog of 
 whom little is known, and Cadwgan, the father of a numerous family. Elystan was 
 born at Hereford, and was living in loio, aged about eighty-three years, but was killed 
 in a civil broil at Cefndigoll, and in Harl. MS. 1973, it is stated that he was buried at 
 Trelystan, in Montgomeryshire, on the borders of Shropshire. For arms he bore, 
 according to Vaughan the antiquary, two coats quartered, azure three boar's heads 
 caboched sahle^ langued gules, tusked or : his mother's coat parted per bend sinister 
 ermine and ermines : over all a lion rampant or. Cadwgan, who bore for arms, argent 
 three boars' heads coupled sable tusked or, langued gules, married Eva, sister of lestyn 
 ab Gwrgant, founder of the fourth Royal Tribe. He founded the Cistertian Abbey of 
 Cwmhir, and three churches dedicated to St. Michael at Kerry, Cefnllys, and 
 Llanfihangel-bryn-pab-ifan. He was buried at Abbeycwmhir. His great grandson, 
 Hywel ab leuaf, lord of Arwysth, resided at Talgarth, Trefeglwys. He bore gules a lion 
 rampant ar^e??^ crowned or langued azure and he obtained Arwystli as a marriage portion 
 with his wife, Merinedd, daughter of Gruffudd ab Cynan, founder of the first Royal Tribe. 
 He died about 1185, and was buried at the Abbey of Strata Florida. — Ed.^ 
 
 ^ See note, p. 86, ante. 
 
127 
 
 ynog, the gentleman who obtained his wife (the Done) so 
 roughly, as before related,^ 
 
 The Powels of Ednop, now extinct, were of this Tribe. 
 Powel, the Poet, of this house dedicates his Pentarchia to 
 Charles the First, then Prince of Wales, but it does not appear 
 it was ever printed.^ He has taken great liberties with prosody 
 and orthography ; there are however many good lines, and he 
 is accurate in his facts. He prefaces it modestly enough in the 
 following verses :* 
 
 Non ita sum g-narus, nee in arte peritus heraldi 
 Singula ut innumerem, nee enim mihi tanta facultas : 
 Quod poiui feci, qtiod restat suppleat alter 
 Doctior, et nostris faveat non invidus ausis. 
 
 I cannot find when he died, or more in relation to him. Could 
 we reach family authorities (certainly abundant), much would be 
 known on the subject in general, and I trust as a good Welsh- 
 man, that the time may come when that will be the case. 
 
 The Owenses of Rhiw saeson descended from Glodrydd : The 
 male line ended in Corbet Owen Esquire, and his sister Anne 
 married Price Maurice Esquire of Lloran, and was mother of 
 Edward Maurice* Esquire of Ynys y maengwyn, an estate he 
 
 ^ See note, p. 95, ante. 
 
 2 The original MS. is at Brogyntyn. A literal copy of it was printed in Arch. 
 Cam. iSj^, p. 267. — £d. 
 
 ^ These are wanting in the Brogyntyn MS. — £cl. 
 
 ■* In the transactions of the Society for the encouragement of Arts is an account of 
 Mr. Corbet's improvement of many hundred acres at Ynys y maengwyn, for which he 
 was presented with a gold medal. 
 
128 
 
 possesses in virtue of the marriage of Anne Corbet, the heiress, 
 to Athelystan Owen Esquire of Rhiw saeson, his mother's father.^ 
 
 The Pryces of Newtown, Bodfach, and Glan Miheh,^ des- 
 cended from Glodrydd : They were settled at the first place 
 about the time of Henry the Sixth, and the two last families 
 were branches of Newtown. Their ancestor, Rh^s, was an 
 Esquire of the Body to Edward the Fourth. The male line 
 of Newtown ended in Sir Edward Manley Pryce, who died a 
 bachelor some few years since.^ His father, Sir John Powel Price, 
 married a Manley of Manley. This gentleman was accustomed 
 to follow his hounds many years after he had totally lost his 
 sight, and would run the risk of some dangerous leaps. The 
 grandfather (Sir John Pryce) to the last Baronet was a gentleman 
 
 ^ Under the entail created by Mrs. Owen, the estate, after the death of Mr. Maurice 
 (afterwards Corbet), eventually vested in Athelstan Corbet (previously Maurice), Esq., 
 who died 26th December, 1835. After his death, it was held in trust for his niece, 
 Henrietta, wife of John Soden, Esq., whose son, Athelstan John Soden, came into the 
 property, on attaining his majority in 1870. He died unmarried about ten years ago, 
 and the estate was sold. The greater portion of it was purchased by John Corbett, Esq. 
 M.P. for Droitwich, the present owner. — Ed. 
 
 ^ Anne, daughter and heir of Edward Pryce of Glanmiheli, married Bell Lloyd, Esq., 
 whose son, Edward Pryce Lloyd, was created Lord Mostyn. See ante, p. 99, note. — Ed. 
 
 ' He was found dead in a field at Pangbourne, near Reading, on the 28th October, 1791. 
 He was so destitute, it is said, as not to have left even the means to pay the expense of 
 his interment. His body, therefore, remained unburied for forty Jive weeks, when at 
 last some benevolent persons had it buried at their cost. Some say that he had married 
 the daughter of a Mr. Flinn of Norfolk Street, London, and had by her an only son, 
 who died an infant in his father's lifetime. Some years afterwards, a coffin enclosing 
 the remains of a child were discovered in the roof of a house at Chiswick, to which a plate 
 was nailed, with an inscription stating the body to be that of Edward Manley Powell Pryce, 
 only son and heir of Sir Edward Manley Pryce, Bart., who died April 28th, 1788, aged 
 five years and a half. — Ed. 
 
129 
 
 of worth, but of strange singularities. He married three wives; 
 his first, a Powel, the granddaughter of Sir John Powel, one 
 of the Justices of the King's bench (in the reign of James the 
 Second), who eminently signalized his integrity and resolution in 
 the case of the seven Bishops. To the memory of his second 
 wife, a Morris, Sir John Pryce wrote an elegy of a thousand 
 lines, still extant ; in which he affirms, that with his latest 
 breath he would lisp Maria's name.^ But he forgot his vow, 
 and was soon smitten with the charms of a widow Jones. This 
 lady would not give her hand to Sir John until he had 
 entombed her predecessors, who had, till that time, lain in state 
 and chemicaP preparations in his bedchamber. He survived this 
 wife also, and on her death writes to Bridget Bostock,-'' the 
 Cheshire Pythoness, to this purposes; *" Madam, — Being very well 
 informed by very creditable people, both private and public, that 
 you have done several wonderful cures, even when physicians 
 
 1 She died August 3rd, 1739. On the 6th July, 1741, Sir John wrote a very singular 
 letter to the Rev. William Felton, Curate of Newtown, then lying dangerously ill, and 
 who died the very next day ; beseeching him to convey several loving messages from 
 him to his " two dear wives," especially to the latter of them. On the 19th December 
 following, he married his third wife. — Ed. 
 
 ^ We had a later instance in John Vanbutchel's wife (the spring-band and garter 
 man) pickled by William Hunter, and more highly preserved by an epitaph of great 
 humour and of fine taste and latinity, attributed to the first perhaps of our modern 
 Physicians. — Appendix xxi. 
 
 5 During this season of miracles worked by Bridget Bostock of Cheshire, who healed 
 all diseases by prayer, faith, and an embrocation of fasting spittle, multitudes resorted 
 to her from all parts, and kept her salival glands in full employ. — Pennant. 
 
 * The copy of Sir John Pryce's letter here given, is taken from Arch. Camb., second 
 series, vol. v., p. 108 ; that given in the original edition of this work being inaccurate. — Ed. 
 
 R 
 
1 2,0 
 
 have failed ; and that you do it by the force and efficacy of 
 your prayers mostly if not altogether (the outward means you 
 use being generally supposed to be inadequate to the effects 
 produced), I cannot but look upon such operations to be 
 miraculous, and if so, why may not an infinitely good and 
 gracious God, enable you to raise the Dead, as well as to heal 
 the Sick, give sight to the Blind, and hearing to the Deaf? 
 For since He is pleased to hear your prayers, in some cases 
 so benefical to mankind, there's the same reason to expect it in 
 others, and consequently in that I have particularly mentioned, 
 namely, raising up the Dead. Now, as I have lost a wife, whom 
 I most dearly loved, my children one of the best of stepmothers, 
 all her near Relations, a friend whom they greatly esteemed, 
 and the Poor a charitable benefactress ; I entreat you, for God 
 Almighty's sake, that you wou'd be so good as to come here if 
 your actual presence is absolutely requisite, or if not, that you 
 will offer up your prayers to the throne of Grace on my behalf, 
 that God wou'd graciously vouchsafe to raise up my dear wife, 
 Dame Eleanor Pryce, from the Dead, — this is one of the 
 greatest acts of charity you can do, for my heart is ready to 
 break with grief at the consideration of the great loss — this 
 wou'd be doing myself and all her Relations and friends, such 
 an extraordinary kindness, as would necessarily engage our daily 
 prayers for your preservation, as the least gratuity I could make 
 you for so great a benefit, tho' were any other compatible with 
 the nature of the thing, and durst we offer, and you accept it, 
 we should think nothing too much to the utmost of our abilities, 
 and I wish the bare mention of it is not offensive both to God 
 
131 
 
 and you. If your immediate presence is indispensably necessary, 
 pray let me know by return of the Post, that I may send you 
 a Coach and Six and Servants to attend you here, with orders 
 to defray your expenses in a manner most suitable to your own 
 desires. If your prayers will be as effectual at the distance 
 you'r from me, pray signify the same in a letter directed by 
 way of London, to, good Madam, Your unfortunate afflicted 
 petitioner and humble Servant, — John Pryce. — Buckland, ist Dec- 
 ember, 1748. P.S. — Pray direct your Letter to Sir John Pryce, 
 Bart, at Buckland in Brecknockshire, South Wales. God almighty 
 prosper this undertaking, and others intended for the Benefit of 
 mankind, and may He long continue such a useful person upon 
 Earth, and afterwards crown you with Eternal Glory in the 
 Kingdom of Heaven, thro' Jesus Christ. — Amen."^ 
 
 ^ Sir John Pryce intended a fourth marriage as appears by his Will, a very curious 
 document (see copy in Mont, Coll., xvi., p. 283). He died at Haverfordwest, on the 
 28th October, 1761, and was buried there. He was comparatively poor when he died, 
 and his son and grandson squandered nearly all that remained of his once very fine 
 estate. On the failure of male descendants of Sir John Pryce, on the death of Sir 
 Edward Manley Pryce in 1791, the remnant of the estate came to the Rev. George 
 Arthur Evors (Sir John Pryce's grandson in the female line), who died without issue in 
 1844. He devised it to his nephew, Arthur Brisco, Esq., who died a bachelor and 
 intestate in the lifetime of his father, the late Wastel Brisco, Esq., who therefore 
 inherited it. He died April i8th, 1878, and thereupon his second son, Wastel 
 Brisco, Esq., the present owner, came into the estate. — Ed. 
 
132 
 
 [ADDENDA.] 
 
 The descendants of Elystan Glodrudd were at one time very numerous, especially in 
 Radnorshire, Cardiganshire, and Montgomeryshire ; and although most of the main 
 lines have failed, the alliances in past ages with families belonging to other tribes, such 
 as those of Brochwel Ysgythrog, Cadivor, Gwaethfoed, and Einion ab Seisyllt, were so 
 frequent, that there is little difficulty, even at the present day, in tracing the descent of 
 very many families in Central Wales and the English borders, indirectly to the founder 
 of this tribe. The Blayneys of Gregynog, for instance, who were of the tribe of 
 Brochwel, were closely connected by marriage with both the Owens of Rhiwsaeson, 
 and the Pryces of Newtown. 
 
 The following families directly descended from Elystan, are I believe still flourishing : — 
 Lloyd of Dinas, Breconshire ; Lloyd, Pentrathro ; Jenkins, Cilbronau, Cardiganshire 
 (represented by Col. Heyward of Crosswood, Montgomeryshire, only son of the late 
 Rev. John Jenkins of Kerry) ; Jenkins of Trefigin ; Lloyd of Coedmore ; Campbell 
 Davys of Neuaddfawr ; Thomas of Llwynmadog, Breconshire ; Thomas of Wellfield, 
 Radnorshire ; Blayney of Evesham ; Evans of Ash Hill, Limerick and Milltown Castle, 
 Cork ; Lloyd of Ferney Hall, Salop ; Morrice of Betshanger, Kent ; Lloyd of 
 Gilfachwen ; Morris of Hurst, Pentrenant and York ; the Earl of Cadogan ; Williams 
 of Pentremawr, Llanbrynmair (some of this family are in America) ; Pugh of 
 Cwmrhaiadr (represented in the maternal line by Williams of Wallog, Cardiganshire) ; 
 and Thomas of Coedhelen, Carnarvonshire and Trevor Hall. Sir William Thomas of 
 Coedhelen, ancestor of the present Rice William Thomas, Esquire, of that place, was 
 Member of Parliament for the County of Carnarvon, in the fifth Parliament of Queen 
 Elizabeth. He subsequently commanded two hundred Welshmen in the Low Countries, 
 under the Earl of Leicester, and was slain at the battle of Zutphen, where Sir Philip 
 Sidney also fell. 
 
 Dr. John Lloyd, Bishop of St. David's, who died in 1687, was a lineal descendant 
 from Einion of Mochdre (ancestor of the Pryces of Newtown), and so to Elystan. 
 ( Dwmi's Vis., i., p. 301). 
 
 Eva (or, according to some, Mabli), daughter and heiress of Henry ab Gwilym of Court 
 Henry, eleventh in descent from Elystan, married Sir Rh^s ab Thomas, K.G., one of 
 the most distinguished and powerful men of his time, who was related to Henry the 
 Seventh and was a great favourite of Henry the Eighth. He died in the year 1527, 
 at the age of seventy-six, and, as well as his wife, was buried in the Priory Church at 
 Carmarthen, their monumental effigies being afterwards removed to St. Peter's Church 
 in that town. His arms were argent a chevron sable between three ravens proper. 
 { Dwmi's Vis., i., p. 210, note.) Sir Rh^s ab Thomas, whose illustrious grandfather, 
 
133 
 
 GrufFudd ab Nicholas, was also maternally descended from Elystan, was the ancestor of 
 the noble families of Pembroke and Powis. Some authorities (see L. G. CotMs Works, 
 p. 170) say that Eva had a sister, Jonet, who was married to Sir William Matthew of 
 Radyr, ancestor of the Earls of LlandafF. See ante, p. 123. 
 
 The following families appear to have become extinct : — Lewis of Gernos, Cardigan- 
 shire ; Lloyd of Porthykrwys, Llanynys, Breconshire, whose heiress, Margaret, about 
 the commencment of the seventeenth century, married John Stedman, Esq. of Strata 
 Florida ( DwntCs Vis., i., p. 242) ; Vaughan of Beguildy (lb., 251) ; Pryce of Mynachdy 
 (lb., 252) ; Lloyd of Rhayader ; Phillips of Llandewi Ystradeny, and Powel of 
 Cwmtoyddwr (lb., 260) ; Vaughan of Linwent (lb., 261) ; Powel of Cascob (lb., 262) ; 
 Miles of Harpton, Old Radnor (lb., 263) ; Price of Radnor (lb.) ; Owen of 
 Machynlleth, Morben, and Peniarth (lb., 272) ; Broughton of Lower Broughton or 
 Owlbury (lb., 329) ; Parry of Llanerchydol (Tb., 332) ; Kerry of Binweston ; Clun of 
 Clun ; Oliver, Neuaddwen ; Oliver, Llangyniew ; Wynn, Gellidywyll and Llan- 
 fendigaid ; Meredith, Llanafan ; James, Croesgynar ; and Matthews of Blodwel. 
 (Pennanfs Whitford and Holywell, Appendix. 
 
 The Pryces of Plas yn y Rofft (now called Esgairweddan), Towyn, Merionethshire, 
 were maternally descended from Elystan ( Dwnn^s Vis., ii., p. 239) ; but this line failed 
 in the male line, on the death of Sir John Edwards, Bart, of Machynlleth, in 1850. 
 The present Dowager Marchioness of Londonderry is his only child and heir. The 
 estate of the Pryce's, however, belongs to another branch of the family, the Thrustons 
 of Talgarth Hall. 
 
 Margaret, daughter and heiress of Owen ap Griffith of Gorddwr Linwent, fourteenth 
 in descent from Elystan, married Owen Vaughan of Llwydiarth (Dwmi's Vis., i., p. 291), 
 His descendant, Anne Vaughan, heiress of Llwydiarth, married Sir Watkin Williams 
 Wynn, the third Baronet, whereby the Llwydiarth and Llangedwyn estates were 
 conveyed to the Wynnstay family. See ante, p. 104. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Matthew Pryce of Newtown, sometimes called Matthew 
 Goch, married Edward Herbert, Esq., of which marriage there was issue, four sons and 
 seven daughters. Three of the sons became ancestors of peers, namely, of Edward 
 first Lord Herbert of Chirbury, of Sir Henry Herbert of Ribbesford, afterwards Lord 
 Herbert of Chirbury, of the second creation, and of the Earls of Powis of the present 
 line. Bridget, daughter and heiress of Arthur Pryce, Esq. of Vaynor, Matthew Goch's 
 great grandson, married George Devereux, the ancestor of the Viscounts Hereford, to 
 whom she conveyed the Vaynor estate, but which was subsequently sold, and now 
 belongs to William Corbett Winder, Esq. 
 
 For a more full account of Elystan Glodrudd and his descendants, see Mont. 
 Coll., i., p. 235. — Ed. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 No. I. 
 William Morgan, Bishop of St. Asaph, to Sir John Wynn of Gwydir. 
 
 SALUTEM IN CHRO. 
 
 y OURE motyves that I shold confyrme youre Lease upon 
 the Rectorye of Llan R\^'st are dyverse, vz. 
 
 1. Youre greeffe to mysse, havynge neaver fayled before of anie attempte. 
 
 2. That you had rather forgoo lool. landes a yeare. 
 
 3. That the rent reserved ys as much as the Rectorye ys worth. 
 
 4. That youe purchased the Lease deere. 
 
 5. That y° world may thynke youre love to me ward unkyndlye rewarded. 
 
 6. That others, by my example, wyll Jesse esteme youe. 
 
 7. That youe hope to finde me such to youe, as youe are to me. 
 
 8. That the adioynyng of Tybrith did cost you much. 
 
 9. My sundrie promysses that youre Lease shold be the fyrst. And one thynge 
 moveth me agaynst all these, vz. my conscience, w*. assureth me that youre request ys 
 such, that in grauntyng yt I shold prove my selfe an unhonest, unconscionable and 
 irreligiouse man ; ye a sacrilegiouse robber of my church, a perfydiouse spoyler of my 
 Diocesse, and an unnaturall hyndrer of preachers and good scholers ; — the consyderatione 
 whereof wold be a contynual terror and torment to my conscience. And to com to 
 youre motyve reasons : 
 
 1. I pray God that youre greeife of myssynge be not Achab's greeffe for Nabothe's 
 vineard. 
 
 2. lool. landes are worth 200I. tyth. 
 
 3. I credyblie heare that Rectorye to te worth twyse the rent reserved ; the w"*- 
 youre seconde reason confyrmeth. 
 
 4. Youre 4 reason confyrmeth the same ; for youe wold not purchase deere a Lease 
 worth lytle more then the rent. 
 
135 
 
 5- Youe have shewed to me much kyndnesse, but no unhonest kyndnesse ; neather 
 do I ever meane to denie youe in youre honest requestes. 
 
 6. You shall not be the better estemed by gettynge ungodleye requestes, but worse 
 thought of ; for to fayle of badd attemptes ys no shame, but to relynquysh them wylbe 
 greate credyt. 
 
 7. Youe shall finde me, such as I desyre to find youe, in omnibus Ileitis et honestis, 
 youre assured . 
 
 8. I do not counte the adioynyng of Tybrith to be eather hurtfull or beneficiall to 
 me or the church. 
 
 9. My promysse was and ys, that I wylle do nothing for anie subject w""*. I wyll nott 
 do for youe, and that I wyll not confyrme anie such Lease as youre's before youre's. 
 Neather am I nowe mynded to confyrme anie lease at all. But the Chaptre do meane 
 to revyve one lyfF in a lease of theare's. 
 
 Amongest other youre kyndnesses, you gave good testymonie of me. I pray youe 
 lette me continewe worthie of yt. So manie chypps have bene allreadye taken from 
 the church, that yt ys readye to fall. God hath blessed youe so well, that youe are 
 bownde rather to helpe hys poore church then to hynder yt. 
 
 Thus w"". my hartiest commendationes to youre selfe and good Mystres Wyn, I 
 reast 
 
 Eveare youre owne in y'. Lorde, 
 
 Willm. Asaphen. 
 
 '^'/f"' Verte Folium. 
 
 1603. 
 
 I knowe of syxe or seaven suters for confyrmationes of Leases upon presentatyve 
 benefyces, w'*". meane to brynge the landes of Pryvye Counsellers, yfif not Hys Maiestye's 
 owne lande. And at the next Parliament, I look to be layde to. But I trust y'. God 
 wyll defende me and hys church. 
 
 W. A. 
 One wold open the doore for all the reaste. 
 
 [To Ihe Right Wor. his 
 veary levying Frend, 
 John Wyn of Gwedur, 
 Esquicr.] 
 
136 
 
 No. II. 
 
 Answer to the Above. 
 
 riOMINIBUS ingratis loquimini, lapides. The sower went out to sowe ; and some 
 of his seede fell in stonie ground, where hitt wythered, because hitt could take noe 
 roote. The seede was good, but the land nought. I may justly say soe by you. I 
 have in all shewed my selfe your fifreinde, in soe much as yf I had not pointed you the 
 waye with my finger (whereof I have yett good testimonye) you had beene styll Vycar 
 of Llanrhayder. You pleade conscience when you should geve, and make no bones to 
 receave curtesie of your ffriends. But I appeale to him that searcheth the conscience 
 of all men, whether you have used me well, and whether hitt be conscience (w"''. you 
 ever have in your mouth) be the sole hinderance of my request. I wyll avowe and 
 justiffie hitt befor the greatest Dyvyns in England, that it hath beene, nowe ys, and 
 ever wylbe, that a man may w*. a salfe conscience be farmour of a lyvinge, payeing in 
 effect for the same as much as hitt ys woorth ; and soe ys this, surmyse you the value 
 to be as you layst. Nether was the losse of the thynge that I regard a dodkyn, but 
 your unkinde dealinge. Hitt shall leson me to expect noe sweete fruite of a sower 
 stocke. Your verball love I esteeme as nothinge ; and I make noe doubt (w""- God's 
 good favour) to lyve to be able to pleasure you, as much as you shall me, et e contra. 
 You byd me thank God for his meny benefytts towards me. God graunt me the grace 
 ever soe to doe. In truth, I did much thanke Him in mynde to see you preferred to 
 the place you are in, as yf you had beene my owne brother ; but that I recall, for I 
 never expect good wyll of you, nor good torne by you. 
 
 John Wyn, 
 
 Gwyder, the house that 
 did you and your's good. 
 ■2.i,th February, 1603. 
 
 [To the Reverend Father, The 
 [Lord Busshop of St. Asaphe.] 
 
 of Gwyder. 
 
 MR. MARTYN, 
 
 SIR, 
 
 No. III. 
 Sir John Wynn to Mr. Martyn. 
 
 IN O greefe to the greefe of unkyndnes : They rewarded 
 me yll for good to the great dyscomfort of my sole. I may say so, and justly complaen 
 unto you of my L. of St. Asaphe, who (besydes what hys ancestors receved by myen) 
 
^37 
 
 ys dyversly, and in great matters, behouldynge unto me, whereof (beynge schooled by 
 hys late letter, of w*. I send you a trew coppy) thoghe I expect no rent, yett yt 
 easethe my wronged mynd muche, to lay open hys hard dealyngs towards me, and my 
 benefyts towards hym, befor you, who are not ignorant that I delyver but a truethe, in 
 most of them havynge been an ey wytnes. 
 
 Hyt squarethe therefor w"". a good method in a narration to begyn w* my deserts, 
 w"*". I wyll run over breefly ; w"". I wold have you to put hym in mynd of : i. in that 
 he protested to hys late servant Tho. Vaghan, that he remmbred no more therof, then 
 that I had lent hym my geldyngs to go to LlandafF, and had sent hym a fatt oxe att 
 hys fyrst comynge to St. Assaphe. W*'. ys to strayne a gnatt, and swallow a camell. 
 
 Fyrst, I let hym have a Lease uppon hys farme of Wybernant, parte of the township 
 of Doluthelan for forty years, for forty poundes in money. The farme he hathe sett 
 att the yerly rent of twenty foure poundes per ann : and yeldethe of the Kyng's rent 
 viijs. too pence yerly, as farre as I remember. 
 
 In measurynge the sayd farme w"" my farme of Penannen, I let hym have, in Pant 
 yr Helygloyn, land to the valew of iijl. yerly ; for w*. my uncle Owen Wyn reprooved 
 me muche. 
 
 I bare the hatred of Jeuan M'dythe, and hys nephew Ed. Morice, the lawyer, durynge 
 hys lyfe ; for that I was a daysman, and agaenst hym ; I mean, Jeuan M'dythe, and 
 appointed my frends commyssyoners agaenst hym. 
 
 Was hyt not I that fyrst delt w*. Mr. Boyer to make hym Bushopp, and made the 
 bargen, S' ? Mr. Boyer was nether knowen to hym, nor he to Mr. Boyer ; ergo, yf 
 that had not beene, he had contynued styll Vycar of Llan Rhayder. I know you do 
 not forgett what was obiected against hym and hys wyf to stopp his last translation, 
 and how that my certyfycatt and my frends quitted hym of that imputation, and so 
 made hym prevayle ; for the wh""*. both they and I, wear worse thoght of by those we 
 have good cause hyghly to respect. 
 
 I labored, as yf hit had had beene to save the lyf of on of my chyldren, to end the 
 cause of dylapidations between hym and my coosin Dd. Holland ; knowynge hit wold 
 have beene his great hynderance to be so matched att first dashe. How sufEcyent a man, 
 how well ffrended, and what a toothe-man in hys suets my cousin Holland ys, every man 
 that knowethe hym, knowethe that also.' 
 
 My L. of St. Assaphe I knew to be but poore (hys translation havynge stood him in 
 muche) yett wylfull and heddy to run into law suets ; therefor I was as muche trobled 
 to reclaeme hym to reson and consyderation of hys owen estate as I was to bringe the 
 adversse part to reson and conformyty. My L. Bushopp's cheefe lyvynge was the 
 tenth of the Paryshe of Abergele, where my coosin Holland comandeth absolutely. 
 Yf they had gone to suet of law, he would so have wronged hym in the gatherynge of 
 
 S 
 
138 
 
 the tythe, as hit shold have beene lyttell worthe unto hym. My self excepted, was 
 ther on Jent. in the contrey wold once have shewed hym self for hym agaenst my coosin 
 Holland ? and that knew he well. But my L. can make use of Jent. when they serve 
 hys torne, and after decarde them upon pretence of conscyence ; w'\ may appere by 
 the coppye of hys letter unto me, whereof, I avowe on my credyt this ys the trew 
 coppye. Thus much touchynge that matter of my desert ; and now touchynge my 
 request. 
 
 M'. Sharp, my L. Chancelor's Chaplen beynge by hys L. collated parson of Llanr^st, 
 leased hys benefyce to on Rob'. Gwyn of Chester, who appointed a ffrend of myen, on 
 Rob*. Vaughan, brother to my brother Tho. Vaughan, his under farmer. Doctor Elice, 
 somtyme a great comander in theese quarters, in favor of Doctor Meryke (who rewarded 
 him w*. a township of teythe whear his mansyon house was in 'Spytty) dyd geeve lev 
 to dysmember the parsonadge of Llan ri^st of Tybrithe tythe, and to joyne hit to 
 Corwen. Whearuppon, pyttyinge to see Llan r'^st churche dysmembered by unlawfull 
 practyse, acqueanted my L. of S'. Assaphe, that I ment to stand for the right of 
 Llanri^st agaenst Doctor Meryke, w"". an intent to do more for that churche, as I then 
 made knowen to my L. The suet prooved, by Doctor Meryke's weywardnes and hope 
 in his fautors, more chardgeable and troblesom then was expected. Wheruppon I 
 eftsons acquainted my L. Bushop, that I ment to buy Robt. Gwyn's lease into my 
 hands, that, surrendringe hit, Mr. Sharp (in consyderation of my great chardge in the 
 suet) myght grant me a lease of the lyvynge for iij lyves, the only mean in some part 
 to quit my chardge ; w"*". he promysed me to confyrme, and that hit should be the fyrst 
 of all other that should receve confyrmation. Havynge to my chardge and treble 
 compased Robt. Gwyn's lease of lo years, and by surrender of the same gott a new 
 lease of three lyves of Mr. Sharp, I sent hyt to be shewed my L. by my servant 
 W". Lloyd ; who then seemed to myslyke hit, and answered doutfuUy touchynge the 
 confyrmation, w"". all chidd Mr. Sharp in suche sort, as givynge cause to have my lease 
 new made, he made me pay lol. more then was att fyrst, by reson my L. Bushop had 
 chidd hym. In end, hearynge of a Chapter appointed for the confyrmation of the 
 other leases, I sent myen also by my son Mostyn, and my letter to my L. the contents 
 whearof you shall fynd in my Lord's answer. To w*. I receved this answer, w"". 
 whether hit be fyttynge my desert ys your's to judge, as also to expostulat w'\ hym, 
 beynge oure ffrend, common to us bothe. 
 
 I am not of nature to put up wronge ; for as I have studyed for hys good, and 
 wrought the same, so lett my L. be assured of me as bytter an enemye (yf he dryve me 
 to hit) as ever I was a stedfast frend ; nether ys he com to that heyght, or wantethe 
 enemyes, that he may say, Major sum, quam cui possit fortuna nocere. For as Honores 
 mutant mores, so mores mutant honores. I am ashamed for hym, that he hath geeven 
 
139 
 
 herby cause to his enemyes and myen to descant of his ungrate dysposition ever 
 aggravated towards hym. Hys answer att lardge I pray you retorne me, yf 
 nothynge els. 
 
 Your lovynge fFrend, 
 GWYDER, this xiijth of Marshe, 1603. 
 
 yohn Wyn, 
 
 of Gwyder. 
 
 He promysed me an advowson of the lyvynge by Tho. Robts, when he denyed the 
 confyrmation. I sent unto hym the same man, w*. in too dayes after for the same, 
 and my coosin EHce Vaghan w*. all ; and he denyed me eny, saynse he had provyded 
 no preferment for his wife, and that he myght overlyve Sharpe, and have that lyvynge 
 in Comendam. So, to conclude, I must have nothynge but a scornefull, chetynge letter, 
 in leu of all my good indeavors. 
 
 No. IV. 
 Bishop Morgan, to Mr. Martyn. 
 
 SALUTEM IN C.HRO. 
 
 1 Fynd that Mr. Wyn hath acquaynted you w"*- the 
 unkyndnes w'*". he conceaveth in me ; and I am glad to have so indyfferent an 
 arbytrator. Hys requeste was, that I wold confyrme a Lease for three lyves upon 
 the Rectorye of Llanr^st (being a presentatyve benefyce, fytt to be some preacher's 
 lyvynge) at the yearelye rent of 50I. the thynge being worth 140I. and beinge of my 
 patronadge. Thys requeste much perplexed my mynde, for that yt greved me to denye 
 Mr. Wyn anye thynge, and my conscyence reclaymed agaynst the grauntynge of thys 
 thynge, being so preiudiciall to preachers, speciallye to the next incumbent and to the 
 church yt self, w*- wanteth competent mayntenance for preachers . 
 
 To com to the pleasures that Mr. Wyn dyd unto me, they are not so greate as he 
 accounteth them ; for I payd for hys time upon Wybernant, and hys uncle Rob'". 40I. 
 or more att one tyme, beinge a greater some then they had of anie of the other tenantes 
 that held lyke landes in that township. I pray God forgeve Mr. Wyn hys harde 
 dealynge w"". these tenantes, whose tenementes he could not covett w"'oute impiety. 
 
140 
 
 In measurynge of Pant yr Helygloyn, I had lesse then some afFyrmed to be due unto 
 me, and more then others wyshed ; in leue wheareof I was to erect a stone wall, or a 
 dytch of earth, betweene me and hym to my greate charges. 
 
 Jeuan Meredydd and I weare ffrendes, when, upon Mr. Wyn hys request, I gott to 
 hys brother Robt. Wyn his novve wyf ; w""". caused such hatred and sutes betwene me 
 and the sayd Jeuan, that yt cost me from 60I. to lool. more than I had. Mr. Wyn in 
 deed procured to me two commyssioners, Mr. Morys Johnes once, and Mr. Morys Lewys, 
 an other tyme ; and was my dayseman to ende that cause. I sustayned all those broyles 
 and obloquyes for hys sake and hys brother's. 
 
 He wrote unto me allreadye, that yfF he had not bene, I had contynued yet Viccar of 
 Llan Rhayadr. How much he ys deceaved herein, youe and others do knowe. But yfF 
 I had contynued Vicar of Llan Rhayadr, I had bene in better case then nowe I am. I 
 had testymonials inough bysydes that ^^'°^ he procured ; and I had prevayled, yfF I had 
 had none, as my Lo. of Canterburye and my L. Treasurer beleved. Yet I confesse that 
 Mr. Wyn thearein shewed great love (as then I thought) to me ; but (as nowe I fynde) 
 to hym selfe, hopynge to make a stave of me to dryve preachers partryges to hys netts. 
 I thanke Mr. Wyn for hys paynes in daynge betwene me and Mr. Holande ; although 
 he gott me but isol. wheare I shold have had loool. But I may not requyte thys 
 paynes w"" the spoyle of anie church. Yt seemeth that Mr. Wyn thynketh that I do 
 but pretend conscyence. But I assure youe, in verbo Sacerdotis, that I think in my 
 harte, that I weare better robb by the hygh waye syde, then do that w""". he requeasteth. 
 And I knowe that as to serve an errynge conscyence ys a fait, so to do agaynst con- 
 scyence, though yt be errynge, ys a synne. YfF my ffathere and mothere weare lyvynge, 
 and made the request that Mr. Wyn maketh, I hope that I sholde have the grace to 
 say them nay. I fynde farther that Mr. Wyn is in two errors ; the one ys, that I 
 promysed to hym a confyrmatione of that Lease ; and the other ys, that I promysed 
 hym by John Robtes an advowson ; wheare in truth I promysed neather of both, but 
 told Mr. Wyn that I wold be veary loath to confyrme anie Lease upon anie presentatyve 
 benefyce ; that I wold do for hym as much and more then anie other ; and that yfF I 
 wold confyrme anie such, hys shold be the fyrst. I neaver confyrmed anie, nor meane 
 to do. But the Chapter and I graunted, not iij lyves, but one lyfF, not upon a presen- 
 tatyve benefyce, but upon an impropriatione, w'"". is a dyvydent amongst manie, and 
 can not be occupyed by anie of us, for that we are farr of and thearefore must be letten 
 for one terme or other ; and the incumbe ys for the church, and not for a lay man. 
 But Mr. Wyn thoughe he knoweth that theare ys dyfference betwene grauntynge a 
 lease of oure owne and confyrmynge the lease of an other man ; betwene a presentatyve 
 benefyce and an impropriatione ; betwene one lyfFand iij lyves ; betwene a publyke use 
 and a pryvate, styll exclaymeth, that I have confyrmed a lyke lease, and wyll not 
 according to promyse confyrme hys. My answeare to John Robtes was, that a Bushopp's 
 
141 
 
 advowson wold not bynde the successor ; and when he asked, whyther Mr. Wyn shold 
 have yt, yfF yt dyd bynde, I told hym, that, yff yt dyd bynde, he shold have yt and 
 myne eares also ; for that I dyd well knowe that yt can not bynde. And when he cam 
 next to aske, yf I wold graunt yt de bene esse, whyther yt wold bynde or not, I told 
 hym, I wold not, and that yt was no part of my promyse or meanynge. John Robtes 
 mystooke my wordes concernynge my wyfF ; for I dyd not say that she must be fyrst 
 provyded for, meanynge that I wyll gett for her anie such lease. For though she be 
 my wyfF, and thearefore one flesh, yet shall she be neaver provyded for by me rather 
 then by such leases ; I wyll not spoyle y*. church. Thys was the effect of my then 
 speach, whearby Mr. Wyn myght have understoode that nothynge dryveth me to thys 
 resolutione, but my conscyence. Of my Commendam, I dyd and do say, that yff I 
 weare so lewde as to confyrme all the leases in the Diocesse, yet I wold not be such a 
 foole as to confyrme anie, before I weare better provyded for my Commendam. Yff I 
 dyd, tell Mr. Sharpe, that he shold do well to leave hys lyvynges to hys successors as 
 ffree as he founde the same, I dyd but my duetye. Yff thys weare not a case of con- 
 scyence, you shold not neede to perswade me to gratifye Mr. Wyn ; for hys owne 
 requeste ys of great force w*. me. Youre two reasons, or rather hys reasons (for he 
 used the lyke in hys letters to my selfe) do lytle move me. For yff I shall fynde hym 
 as bytter an enemye, as ever I founde hym my frende, yt wylbe a comfort to me to suffer 
 in so good a cause. I knowe that God, whose church I wold defend, ys able to defende 
 me agaynst all enemyes, and wyll defende me so farr, as he shall see yt to be expedient 
 for me ; that Mr. Wyn can not kyll my soule, nor do to my bodye more then God wyll 
 permytt. And my confydent trust ys, that God wyll not permytt anie thynge to be 
 commytted agaynst me, but that w*. shalbe for my -good, eather in thys worlde or in 
 the worlde to com. And yff dyverse men wyll dyversely descant of thys unkyndnes ; 
 What ? ys thys to move a man that shold be setled in conscyence, to do agaynst con- 
 scyence ! I knowe that some do blame me in hys presence, and blame hym and 
 commende me in his absence. And yt may be that others do use me in lyke sort. 
 Inconstans eu mutabile vulgus. Auxilium meum in nomine Dui. 
 
 Thus resolved to do neather thys nor anie other act that shalbe preiudiciall to the 
 church, 
 
 I rest, 
 
 Amicus usque ad aras, 
 
 [To Hys very lovynge Frende, WUlm. Asttphen. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Martyn at hys 
 house over agaynst St. An- 
 
 drewe's, in Holborne.] 
 
 [My L, Bushopp, being in 
 
 London at the Parliament, 
 
 wrote this unto me. 
 
 Thomas Martyn.'\ 
 
142 
 
 No. V. 
 
 William Morgan, Bishop of St. Asaph, to Sir yohn Wynn of 
 
 Gwydir. 
 
 SALCTEM IN C.HRO. 
 
 oEEINGE you can better agree w*. my tithe in Langustenyn 
 then w'". me, and have, as I heare, taken order for the gatheringe of it ; I am loath to 
 contrarieyou therin, soe that you send me money by this bearer for the same, although 
 I knowe my tithe to be worthe twise as much as you pay for it. But I pray you to 
 cause the tithe of Bodescallan to be gathered in kind ; for yo'. cosen Hugh Gwynne 
 Gru : hath A\'ritten to me that he would tithe it in specie this yeare. 
 Thus wishinge you in all thinges the direction of the Holy Ghost, I rest, 
 
 Yo'. sickly neighbour, 
 
 Willm. Asaphen. 
 
 At St. Asaph, the 24th of July, 1604. 
 
 [To his wors. neighbour, 
 John Wynne of Gwydir, 
 Esquire.] 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 Richard Parry, Bishop of St. Asaph, to Sir John Wynn of 
 
 Gwydir. 
 
 GOOD MR. GWYN. 
 
 Y OU needed not this paynes to remoove anye conceite of 
 myne. Before y'. letters, I never heard of your refusall of Subscription unto myen 
 certificate ; and now havinge heard of it, I conceave no woorse of you then of a very 
 wyse and sufficient gentleman, whose love in anye good and honest cause I shall be glad 
 to deserve. Touchinge my certieficate, I did sufficientlye knowe, y'. no one man in my 
 countrey subscribinge wold much further me, nor anye one man wantinge wold anye 
 thinge hinder me. I am farr from imagininge y'. a gentleman of your place and woorth 
 
143 
 
 eyther doth flatter me, or expect benefite by me. You have no cause to use y°. one, 
 and I have no meanes to afForde y". other ; for as you truelye write, all I have is litle 
 enough for y°. support of mye owne estate. 
 
 Your hard censure of my predecessor I am verye sorye to heare ; for I willinglye 
 embrace nothinge : De mortuis nisi sanctum. Domino suo stetit aut cecidit. And so 
 doe we. God graunt we may stand unto the Lord, unto whose defence I commend us ; 
 and with my verye hartye commendations to y'selfe, I rest 
 
 Gresford, 24to. Febr. 1604.* 
 
 [To the R. Woor. mye Lovinge frend 
 John Gwyn of Gwyder, Esquier, these 
 at Gwyder.] 
 
 Your lovinge frend, 
 
 Ru. Asaphen. 
 
 No. VII. 
 John Williams (afterwards Abp. of York) to Sir John Wynn. 
 
 WORSHIPFULL SIR, 
 
 iVlY dutie and most heartye comendations remembred. 
 The continuance of your lovinge kindenes towardes me, by howe much the lesse 
 worthylye, by soe much the more must I account my selfe for the same bounde and 
 obliged unto your Worship's service. 
 
 Concerninge that money my brother owes me (w°\ I cannot tell well whither it be 
 7 or 81.) if your Worshippe will this next terme see it convayed to be delivered to my 
 Lord of London's Stewarde, Mr. GriflFyn, or to my Tutour Mr. Gwynne, I shall rest 
 bounde unto you. I have written acquittaunces both for the yeare 1604 and the yeare 
 1605, the owne from Cambridge, and the other from London, in the presence of 
 William Lloyd ; and therefore it is not in my over sight that your Worshippe hath not 
 received them. In place of them this letter may serve your Worshippe. 
 
 * This date is, of course, according to the Old Style whereby the year ended 24th March. Bishop 
 Morgan, the writer of the preceding letter, died loth September, 1604, and was succeeded by Dr. Richard 
 Parry, the writer of this letter. This will explain the apparent contradiction in the dates. — Ed. 
 
144 
 
 I have gotten of late a small benefice, w'\ will do well, being ioyned to my place in 
 Cambridge ; and therefore if your Worshippe could procure me for this yeare's rent 
 but 7I. before hande, I would give William Lloyd a generall acquittaunce for this yeare ; 
 or if I have two yeares more to expire of my lease (as indeede I do not knowe) I would 
 be contente to take 12I. for both yeares, if your Worshippe could procure me soe much. 
 Howesoever I must and will acknoweledge my selfe aeternallye bound to praye for your 
 Worshippe, for your Worship's kinde love and care of me this last yeare ; and soe 
 desiringe oportunitye to make uppe my gratefull wordes w"". thankfull deede, I committ 
 your Worshippe to the Almightie's tuicion. 
 
 Your Worshippe's poore kinsman, 
 
 bounde in all dutye. 
 
 yohn Williams. 
 
 London house this 5 of Decemb. [1605.] 
 
 To the worshipfull, his approved 
 lovinge kinsman Mr. John Gwynne 
 Esquier, at Gwydder, deliver these. 
 Wth. speed. 
 
 No. VIII. 
 
 Mr. Holland to Sir yohn Wynn: 
 
 RIGHT WOOR. 
 
 1 Doe understand by yo'. Ires that you purpose to send yo'. 
 sonnes to this universitye, soe soone as you cane be resolved in what colledge, and w"". 
 what tutor to place them. Ffor my part I hould S'. John's colledge to be omni 
 exceptione majus ; not inferior to any colledge for the bringinge up of yonge 
 gentlemen, but the ffyttest and best house that you cann send yo'. sonnes unto. And 
 for the choise of a good tutor (yf I may presume to advice you) yo'. beast course wilbe 
 to cause yo'. good brother Mr. Rychard Gwyn for to commend them by his Itres unto 
 Mr. Dr. Clayton, the master of our colledge, whoe, I ame well assured, will at my cosen 
 Rychard his comendacione be redie to nominate such a tutor for them, as will for his 
 sake be verie respective and carfull of their good. 
 
145 
 
 Touchinge the proportione of allowance that vvilbe requisyte for them, I can say lytle ; 
 fFor I doe not know whether you will have them to be in the fFellowes' commons ore 
 not, of w""". rancke yf it be yo'. pleasure to have them to be, then cann you allowe noe 
 lesse then threescore pounds yearly for bothe, ov'. and besyde the apparell ; but yf you 
 purpose to have them to be in the schoUers' commons, then halfe the former allowance 
 will serve, ther apparell beinge noe part therof. The tuicione for every ffellow comoner 
 is 41b. per annum, and a pentioner paythe 40s. yearly to his tutor for readinge to him. 
 Ffurther it wilbe requisyte that they have beddinge, w"". such furniture as shalbe 
 needfuU, sent from home. And when they doe come, they shall find me redy to the 
 uttermost of my power, to performe all good offices towards them. Yf my cosen 
 Mr. Owen Gwyn had not beene a discontynewer from the colledge, he, I conffesse, might 
 have donn them greater pleasure then I can doe ; but howsoever yf my cosenes come 
 to St. John's, they shall want noe ffrends in the howse. And thus humbly takinge my 
 leave, I rest ever, 
 
 Y'- woor™'"- poore kinsman, 
 
 most assured to use. 
 
 Wyllm: Hollande. 
 
 St. John's Coll. in Camkr. 
 November the last, 1606. 
 
 [To the right woor. my assured 
 good cosen Sr. John Wynn, 
 Knight, de: these at Gwyder.] 
 
 No. IX. 
 John Williams (Abp.) to Sir John Wynn. 
 
 RIGHTE WORSHIPFULL, 
 
 JVlY dutie remembred. I hope by this time your wor. hath 
 received two letters, answeringe in effecte those doubtes propounded in your letter, w"". 
 I receiv'de by this bearer. Since my last ill newes, there hath happen'd here noe 
 occurrence worthe the relatinge ; our feare is noe lesse, and the daunger noe more then 
 it was at firste. Sithence your son's goinge into the countrey (w"". was at this daye 
 se'nighte.) I have heard in a letter from my curate of his well doinge, his abode 
 beinge within a mile of my poore benefice. When he returnes unto the colledge, I will 
 
 T 
 
146 
 
 putte that stratagem in practice, yf'\ you mencion in your letter, and send your won 
 the coppye of his theame. For my likinge of his proceedinges, bona fide I Uke his 
 learninge well for his yeares ; his witte better, especiallye when yeares of discretion shall 
 season it. If I listed to find faulte (althoughe truelye no greate cause) I doe sometimes 
 call more egerlye on him to keep his studye, w'^. nowe (his gaudye dayes beinge spent) 
 we may more boldlye doe then heretofore ; and he must (as surelye he dothe) daylye 
 amend. Scholler he is for Mr. Price his place ; and so is my man to, Mr. John Lloyd's 
 Sonne, for one Sir Dolben's- His tutour, I hope, doth certifye the receipte of such 
 thinges as the bearer broughte him ; onlye his token, beinge five shillinges from my 
 ladye, I have taken uppe, and will deliver it to him at my next goinge to my benefice. 
 I doe hope our coUedge shall meete agayne before Christmasse ; for as yeate there is 
 more causeles feare then apparent daunger of any infection. Thus with my heartiest 
 comendacions and bounden dutye to my good Ladye, I commend both your Won to 
 God's protection. 
 
 Your Wor. in all dutye, 
 
 yoAn Williams. 
 
 St. John's Coll. in Camb. 
 this 20th. ofNovemb. l5o8. 
 
 Postsc. 
 
 I will, by God's leave, either provide him a studye to his full contentemenl, or 
 make him prefer of a studye in myne owne chamber. A dieu. 
 
 [To the righte worshipfull my 
 ever approved good freynde, Sir 
 John Wynne at Gwydder, 
 
 deliver these.] 
 
 No. X. 
 yohit Williams (Abp.) to Sir John Wynn. 
 
 M Y moste true love ever remembred. My coz. Robin, who 
 w'"". the helpe my serchers hath furnishte you for your provision, doth promisse me to 
 sende you at this time a complete note of his former expences. My mechanique 
 buisinesses at the Fayre are such as I cannot take that paynes therein I otherwise wolde 
 
147 
 
 doe. Truelye I cannot excuse either him or his brother, for absence from theyre studyes 
 at extraordinarye howres, or any neglect of theyre Tutor's lectoures. And yeat they 
 are nowe (as formerlye they were) my under-neighboures. 
 
 How the proiecte of hasteninge his beinge felowe failed, I list not to enquire ; but I 
 am sure, after your departure there was nothinge donne. And the yssue noe other, but 
 that the Juniour Proctour was sharpelye rebuked, that he, contrarye to the statute, 
 wolde offer to bringe in one by his Majestie's mandate. Who replied, He never went 
 about any such matter ; as resolved, if once he hadd showne himselfe in the buisines, 
 to effecte it, or have line in the dust for it. Marye, he added, that if the youth him- 
 selfe compassed any such matter, he thoughte that he hadde deserv'de that favowre at 
 the Colledge, as to accepte thereof without such grudginge. 
 
 What you were enformed of my troubles and oppositions w*. the heades of our 
 colleges, I knowe not ; but this I am certayne, I rest much obliged to your Wor. for 
 your most kind and lovinge counsaile, w""". could proceede from noe other heade, then 
 that well-springe of your former and never-failinge affection. But Mr. Th. Edwards 
 my felowe could have gonne nere to enforme you of all the buisines. 
 
 The opposition twixte the maisters of Colleges and the bodie of the Universitye, w'"- 
 is the companye of our Regent and Non-regent Maister of Artes, hathe beene soe lorge 
 a foote, as any Cantabrigian can enforme you thereof ; but it is most of all perceived 
 in that twixt the vice-chauncelour and the proctoures, who are in a maner Tribuni 
 Plebis, and represente the bodye, as the vice-chauncelour dothe the heades of Colleges. 
 In former yeares, as the vice-ch". were allwayes grave old men and Divines by profession 
 (noe yonge, servinge-man lawier, as this yeare) soe the proctours for want of other 
 meanes did over-shoote themselve soe farre in takinge of under-hande considerations ; 
 as that lienge allwayes in the vice-chaunceloure's lurche, they never durste shews 
 themselves either for the maintenaunce of theyre owne places, or the statute-freedom 
 of the Universitye. 
 
 My selfe being by God and my good M'. soe well provided for (to myne own con- 
 tentement at leaste wise) as that my mynde scorn'de to be obnoxious to any man for the 
 leaste bribe or fee due by statute, grewe by soe much the more boulde to stande upon 
 myne owne place and the libertie of the Universitye graunted in statute, and conseqentlye 
 to overthwart the new-fanglednes of this vice-ch'. endevouring by all meanes possible 
 to reduce our Aristarchie to a Monarchic (as they terme it) but, as we understand, an 
 absolute Tyrannic. 
 
 This was soe well taken for the firste parte and moylie of the yeare, that not onelie 
 the M"'. of Artes, who graced me with as many and those extraordinarye favoures, as 
 they laded my adversarye with shame and ignominie ; but the heades of Colleges 
 themselves encouraged with all applause my just and academicall cariage and 
 
148 
 
 proceedinges. For you must knowe Dr. Cowel and Dr. Clayton, the two greateste 
 rtiaisters in towne, and my extraordinarye deare freyndes to be as yeat alive ; in whose 
 places dad two other, defective, thoughe not in affection, yeate in pare action. 
 
 Afterward falls in the interim our Heade-shippe of St. John's in w""". busines I, 
 servinge my turne abroade, with the good opinion conceiv'de of me at home, was 
 thoughte to have donne such service, as procur'de the hatred of two of the cheefe m"*. 
 Dr. Carye beinge one of them ; who, as they thinke, hadd it not been for me, hadd 
 gott the maistershippe of St. John's There was the first opportunitye the vice ch'. 
 hadd againste me. 
 
 In the weeke of this, falls the death of the L. Treasurer and Chauncelour ; by 
 consequence greate canvasinge who should succeede him. All the heades (two 
 excepted) expectinge bushopricks and deanries, came upon the Archbp. of Canterburye. 
 My selfe, still reposinge great trust in the bodye of the Universitye, and fearinge if his 
 Grace were our Chauncelour, any complaynte of the Vice-chaunc. wolde be hearde 
 against me, who was, both for my buisines of Llanrhayader, and this late of our 
 maistershippe, growne more distastefull unto his Grace, putt all my force togeither, and 
 by many voices, against the heades, chose the L. Privie seale twice to our Chancelour ; 
 thoughe I knewe Googe the vicech'. to be a servant to his nephewe the L. of SufFolke. 
 You see then a second oportunitie for the Vicech'. to ioyne w"". the heades to putt 
 somme disgrace upon me. 
 
 And yeate all this while, thoughe buisines were in hammeringe, nothinge coulde be 
 donne, while it was terme time, and that the m". of Artes hadd occasion of meetinge, 
 my strengthe encreasinge still in the bodie. After the Commencement, all occasions of 
 meetinge for this yeare ended, the vicech'. desirous to revenge somme p". of his 
 disgraces, upon me, whom he hadd envied for the love of the Universitye shewed me, 
 then for any other cause hated, ioynn'de w"". these heades, and summon'd me to appeare 
 before them ; yeate not soe suddenlye, but I was given to understand, that yf I 
 appear'de, he wold de facto committ me to prison. Whereupon, one of these incon- 
 veniences, either to incurr by submission a disgrace nev'. heard of in a proctour of an 
 Universitye, and most unbeseeminge my person (having soe nere a dependaunce upon 
 soe Honourable a P'sonage) or els by resistinge a suspicion to be the authour of a riot 
 and tumulte, into v/'\ I sawe all the m". so readye to enter ; hereupon I gave place to 
 this Bedleme felowe, whom I knewe arm'de with authoritye, and appeal'de to our newe- 
 chosen Chauncelour, where I had an honourable and noe disgracefuU releese. 
 
 Here indeed we have stucke these ten weeks. The vicech'. desirous of somme disgrace 
 on me before my going out of this office, and I on the contrarye endevoured to gett of 
 the stage without any hishinge. True, the E. of Suffolke hath dealte ernestly for him 
 and many of the Heades of the Universitye : the L. Chancelour as ernestlye for me, 
 and the whole bodie of the maisters ; and I thinke we are at an ende. 
 
149 
 
 This is all that suite in lawe your Wor. heares of. So as my prosperous succes in that 
 first enterprize you speake of, hatha beene the source and ofspringe of the second. It 
 was spoken of olde in the comendacion of Traiane, Nee bella times, nee provocas. I 
 confesse I am not soe valourous ; for I protest I feare troubles, and am contente with any 
 losse of money to redeeme my quietnes. My farmour in Northamptonshire can witnes 
 it well, of whom (as Mr. Johnes my best freynde can testifie) I was gladde, for quietnes' 
 sake, to take Sol. where a lool. was due ; and that but thise laste winter. Marye, a 
 man's creditte once loste cannot be soe well supplied as his money. Profligatissimi 
 homuncionis est (saithe Tullie) negligere famam et diligere pecuniam. Creditt and 
 virginitie are seldomme recover'd. And especiallie for a scholler, it is the ayre he 
 breathes in and deprive him of that he hath noe longer beinge. But I take your 
 common Barrestours to be plainetifes, not (as my case is) mere passive defendaunts. It 
 was helde a disgrace to Claudius the Emperour, that he was to readye to putte uppe : 
 
 Non faciendo fuit, sed patiendo, nocens. 
 
 And the greatest creditt that ever Cato hadde, that, being cal'de in question two and 
 fourte severall times, he ever assoilde himselfe, and was clear'de by the judges. I hadd 
 leifer be quiet indeede, if it were possible for one and the same man to be imployed in 
 actions of this nature as to make a freynde Mr. of soe great a Colledge, and receive 
 noe envie afterward. Thus much of that busines, because I wolde in your Wor. 
 accompte be freede, non solum a crimine, verum etiam et a criminatione. 
 
 Now, Sir, I pray you give me leave to request you to take somme to congratulate 
 your coz. our maister his fortunes, and to thanke him for paste and desire his 
 futherance for futures, in the behaulfe of your sonne. He hath (upon my suyte) 
 bestowed a chamber on them. And I do not knowe, whither (upon these occasions of 
 difference we heare of betwixt your Wor. and his brother) he expecte somme comple- 
 mentes. 
 
 Saepe rogare soles qualis sim, Prisce, futurus, 
 
 Si fiam locuples, simque repente potens. 
 Quenquam posse putas mores narrare futures ? 
 
 Die mihi, si fueris tu leo, qualis eris. 
 
 Martial^ lib. 12. Epigr. 94. 
 
 Not that I finde the gentleman a whit altered ; but that I knowe your Wor. beinge 
 putt in raynde not to be backeward in these ceremonies. 
 
 My coz. Robin, for his shorte time of absence, was but at Sir Thom. Tresham, my 
 wor. good freynde, invited thither by his sonne and heyre, one of his companions. 
 
I50 
 
 Thus most most thankefuU for your Wor. greater care of soe poore a kinsman as my 
 selfe, I will ever rest 
 
 Your Wor. much obliged 
 
 yohn Williams. 
 
 . . . r's booth in Sturbridge, 
 the 13th of Sept. 1612. 
 
 [To the r. worshipfull his most 
 approved lovinge Coz. Sir John 
 Wynne Knight Barronett at 
 Gwyder.] 
 
 No. XI. 
 John Williams (Abp.) to Sir yohn Wynn: 
 
 SIR, 
 
 iViY dutye and heartiest love and service remembred, I have 
 received your money, w''". puttes me in mynde of God's usurye, ubi (as Set. Gregorie 
 writes) faenvs triplicat mutuum, the interest trebles the principall ; and yeat, not 
 withstandinge the rigour of the statute, your Worshippe is like to receive no other 
 returne, then of a fewe thanks ; w"*". Simonides, once tossinge up and downe his cofer, 
 found to be nothinge. But your Wor. may well remember that sentence (w"''. we 
 Academickes would gladlye disperse as farre as we maye) once observ'de by Seneca, 
 often usurpte by Traiane : Beatius est dare, quam accipere. 
 
 I have by good chaunce, satisfied your Wor. requeste for a chamber for my coz. 
 Robin, at leaste wise for this winter ; — ne obtentu frigoris muniretur negligentia, as 
 Plinie Speakes. 
 
 I am sorye everye waye to heare your Wor. reporte of my brother in lawe's 
 disastrous courses, but the more pacientlye sorye, because I ever expected it. Marrye, 
 this moves me a newe, to heare that my brother should soe unadvisedlye and 
 unfortunatelye (for I can never beleeve he would doe it willfuUye) be an occasion of the 
 leaste discontentement or disopportunitye to your Wor. especiallye busines cominge 
 nowe to that passe ; 
 
 non quiret. 
 
 Ut si ipsa salus servare hunc hominem vellet, 
 
151 
 
 Your Wor. knowes in parte, and should more clerelye, if you sawe my letter to him 
 Quam consilio, non meo, hoc fecerit. And I most humblye intreate your Wor. to 
 impute it rather to an unexperienced indisscretion, w"". I finde to pregnaunt in all his 
 proiectes, then to any obstinate and heady wilfulness. Howesoever, I must still 
 continue my suyte unto your Wor. ex visceribus misericordiarum, to remember my 
 poore sister. 
 
 , Nihil ilia nee ausa est ; 
 
 Nee potuit. 
 
 And soe I commend your Wor. to God's protection, w* thankes for all your love 
 and courtesies. 
 
 Your Wor. in all dutye, 
 
 John Williams. 
 
 St. John's Coll. in C. Nov. 3. 
 
 [To the righte Wor. his ever 
 approved lovinge Coz. Sir John 
 Wynn at Gwyder. 
 
 deliver these.] 
 
 No. XIa\ 
 
 Sir John Wynn of Gwydirs Instructions to his Chaplain, John 
 Price, how to govern himself in his service. 
 
 X^ IRST. — You shall have the chamber, I shewed you in my gate, private to yourself, 
 with lock and key, and all necessaries. 
 
 In the morning I expect you should rise, and say prayers in my hall, to my household 
 below, before they go to work, and when they come in at nygt — that you call before 
 you all the workmen, specially the yowlh, and take accompt of them of their belief, and 
 of what Sir Meredith taught them. I beg you to continue for the more part in the 
 lower house : you are to have onlye what is done there, that you may inform me of 
 any misorder there. There is a baylyf of husbandry, and a porter, who will be 
 comanded by you. 
 
 1 This, and the following No. xi. (b) were not included in the Original Edition, but are copied from the 
 Appendix to Pennant's Tours in Wales. — EJ. 
 
152 
 
 The morninge after you be up, and have said prayers, as afore, I wo*, you to bestow 
 in study, or any commendable exercise of your body. 
 
 Before dinner you are to com up and attend grace, or prayers if there be any publicke ; 
 and to set up, if there be not greater strangers, above the chyldren — ^who you are to 
 teach in your own chamber. 
 
 When the table, from half downwards, is taken up, then are you to rise, and to walk 
 in the alleys near at hand, until grace time ; and to come in then for that purpose. 
 
 After dinner, if I be busy, you may go to bowles, shufTel bord, or any other honest 
 decent recreation, until I go abroad. If you see me voyd of business, and go to ride 
 abroad, you shall command a gelding to be made ready by the grooms of the stable, 
 and to go with me. If I go to bowles or shufFel bord, I shall lyke of your company, if 
 the place be not made up with strangers. 
 
 I wold have you go every Sunday in the year to some church hereabouts, to preache, 
 giving warnynge to the parish to bring the yowths at after noon to the church to be 
 catekysed ; in which poynt is my greatest care that you be paynfuU and dylygent. 
 
 Avoyd the alehowse, to sytt and keepe drunkards company ther, being the greatest 
 discredit your function can have. 
 
 No. Xlb. 
 
 Inventory of Sir John Wynns Wardrobe. 
 
 A N O ATE of all my clothes : taken the eleventh day of June, i6i 6. 
 
 Imprimis, i. tawnie klothe cloake, lined thoroughe with blacke velvett ; one other 
 black cloake of cloth, lined thoroughe with blacke velvett ; another blacke cloake of 
 velvett, lined with blacke taffeta. 
 
 Item.— ii. ridinge coates of the same colour, laced with silke and golde lace ; i. hood 
 and basses of the same ; one other olde paire of basses. 
 
 Item.— ii. blacke velvett jerkins ; two clothe jerkins laced with goulde lace, of the 
 same colour. 
 
 Item. — One white satten doublett, and black satten breeches ; one silke grogram 
 coloured suite ; and one suite of blacke satten cutt, that came the same time from 
 
 Lojidon . 
 
153 
 
 Item, — One other blacke satten suite cutt ; and one blacke satten doublett, with a 
 wroughte velvett breeches. 
 
 Item. — One leather doublett, laced with blacke silke lace ; one suite of Pteropus^ 
 laced with silke and golde lace ; another suite of Pteroptts, laced with greene silke 
 lace. 
 
 Item. — One old blacke silke grogram suite cutt ; two blacke frise jerkins. 
 
 Item. — One blacke velvett coate for a footman. 
 
 Item. — One redd quilte waskoote. 
 
 Item. — ij. pare of olde boothose, toppes, lined with velvett in the topps. 
 
 Item. — ij. pare of blacke silk stockins ; and two pare of blacke silke garters, laced. 
 
 Item. — One pare of perle colour silke stockins ; one pare of white Siterop stockins ; 
 three pare of wosted stockins. 
 
 Item. — ij. girdles, and one hanger, wroughte with golde ; one also blacke velvette 
 girdle ; one blacke cipres scarfe. 
 
 Item. — Nine blacke felte hattes, whereof fowre bee mens hattes ; and five cipres 
 hatbands. 
 
 Item. — One guilte rapier and dagger, and one ridinge sworde with a scarfe, with 
 velvet scabbards. 
 
 Item. — ij. pare of Spanishe leather shooes. 
 
 Item. — One russet frise jerkin. 
 
 Item. — Two pare of leather Yamosioes, and of one clothe. 
 
 Item. — ^ij. pare of white boots ; one pare of russet boots. 
 
 Item. — ^iij. pare of newe blacke boots, and five pare of old blacke boots. 
 
 Item. — ^ij. pare of damaske spurres ; iij. pare of guilte spurres. 
 
154 
 
 No. XII. 
 Contract between Bernard Lyndesey and Richard Wynn Esqrs. 
 
 M'd 
 
 Yf Mr. Bernard Lyndesey Esquier Groom to his Ma"". 
 Bed-chamber procure a pardon for Sir John Wynn Knight and Baronet and some of his 
 servants of their fynes and offences inflicted upon them by the Counsell of the Marches, 
 upon the sealing of the said pardon he is to receave from Richard Wynn Esquier sonne 
 and heire to the said Sir Jo: Wynn the somme of three hundred and fiftye pounds. In 
 witness of this agreement between us we have both sette our hands the sixteenth of 
 January 1615. 
 
 Signed in the presence B. Lyndesey. 
 
 of me, Rich. Wynn. 
 
 Amb: Thelwall. 
 
 No. XIII. 
 Inscription on Sir Richard Wynns Monument. 
 
 HIC JACET 
 
 RICARDUS WYNN de GWYDIR 
 
 In comitatu de Carnarvon, M. et Baronettus, Thesaurarius, 
 
 Nee non Conciliarius honoratissimi principis et Henriettae Mariae Reginse, 
 
 Qui linea parentali ex illustri ilia familia et antiquissima stirpe 
 
 Brittannica, North-Walliae principum oriundus. 
 
 Denatus 19 die Julii 1649, 
 
 ^t: 61. 
 
155 
 No. XIV. 
 
 Inscription on the Vicarage House at Gresford. 
 
 Dr. Robert Wynne, Chancellor of St. Asaph and Vicar of Gresford, eider brother to 
 the Welsh historian William Wynne, put on the housg the following inscription. 
 
 Reverendus Vir Humphredus Lloyd. 
 
 Episcopus Bangor: hujus Eccl: Vicarius, 
 
 .(Edem hanc lapsam proprio sumptu 
 
 Ex fundo struxit: 
 
 Hoc qualecunque pii Praesulis monumentum 
 
 Posuit ROBERTUS Wynne D.D. 
 
 A: D: 1702. 
 
 No. XV. 
 Character of Mr. Blayney. 
 
 Arthur blayney of Gregynog Esquire was descended from Brochwel Ysgithrog 
 a Prince of Powys in the seventh century, but he valued himself on his pedigree no 
 otherwise, than by taking care that his conduct should not disgrace it. In the early 
 part of his life he had applied to the study of the law, not with any professional view, 
 but merely to guard himself, and those who consulted him, from chicane and injustice, 
 to which many who made the profession their livelihood, were in his opinion so strongly 
 tempted and inclined, that he seldom mentioned a lawyer without expressive marks of 
 dislike ; but this could be humour only. He read much and had a good collection of 
 books, but was more disposed to conceal, than to obtrude his knowledge. He was a firm 
 adherent to the Constitution under which he lived, and never spared his zeal and 
 support when the public stood in need of it. At the same time his loyalty did not 
 preclude him from using that invaluable privilege of a British subject in freely censuring, 
 upon proper occasions, both the measures and instruments of Government. Uncor- 
 ruptible himself, he detested venality in others. He was of no party, but that of honest 
 men. Whether he supposed that the Peerage was degenerated, and that some degree 
 of contagion dwelt near a Court, or whether he had gathered the prejudice from history, 
 
156 
 
 in which he was conversant ; but certain it is, he was by no means partial to Lords or 
 Placemen. No man thought more highly of Parliaments, but pertinaciously he declined 
 the honour of representing his native county, though often invited to it by the unbiassed 
 suffrages of his countrymen. The active part he took in behalf of other candidates 
 was so pure in its motives, that his support gave a decided superiority over the highest 
 rank and influence ; most of the neighbouring freeholders only waited to know his 
 opinion, to make up their own. Few gentlemen were better qualified for the magistracy, 
 or more sensible of its importance, but from an unaccountable diffidence he could never 
 be prevailed upon to act in the commission, though always ready to applaud and second 
 the just efforts of those who did. Of the established religion he was a steady member ; 
 defended its rights and respected its ministers, where they respected themselves. There 
 is scarce a church, in which he had any concern, but what in its repairs and ornaments 
 bears witness to his munificence. His tenants, from their relation, he considered as 
 friends, and not only allowed them ample profit from his estates, but encouraged and 
 assisted them in every rational attempt to improvement. In his farm houses and their 
 offices, beyond what was necessary, he was always studying convenience and comfort, 
 according to the situation, and even taste of the occupier : He did so much in this way, 
 and did it so well, that it is easy to trace his premises, which were very extensive, by the 
 condition in which he left them ; and although he possessed an uncommon quantity of 
 the finest wood, he generally bought his timber. To his small tenants he was a 
 bountiful master, and he complained of the bad state of a cottage he shewed me, which 
 in any other place might have been thought a good one. He applied a little land to 
 each, to keep their cow in the summer, and in the winter he gave them hay to support 
 it. Nor was it his own property that he was desirous of improving only ; the county 
 at large he looked upon as having a peculiar claim upon him, and no undertaking was 
 proposed, but met with his countenance and liberality. The roads in particular for 
 many miles round, owe their creation almost entirely to him, and when his land was 
 wanted to widen them, he would give it on one condition only, " That they took enough." 
 You had only to convince him of the utility of a design, to be sure of his purse and 
 protection. He always took time to consider and enquire ; but from the moment he 
 was decided, he wanted no subsequent instigation. His charity was liberal and 
 diffusive ; but instead of confining it to the idle vagrant and clamorous poor, his chief 
 aim was to put deserving objects in the way, to afford them the means of providing for 
 themselves. There are many respectable tradesmen and gentlemen too, whose 
 embarassments have been removed. by his friendly assistance. He was undoubtedly an 
 ceconomist on system, which enabled him to do what he did : when the object of 
 expense was a proper one, he never regarded the sum ; of course, nothing sordid or 
 niggardly could be imputed to him, even when oeconomy was most conspicuous : He 
 would never be persuaded to keep a carriage, and very seldom hired one, performing, 
 till his infirmities disabled him, his longest journies on horseback. His constant 
 
157 
 
 residence was at Gregynog, except occasional excursions to his other house at Morvill 
 near Bridgnorth. One of the most prominent features in his character was his 
 hospitality, of which there are but few such instances now remaining. His table was 
 every day plentifully covered with the best things the country and season afforded, for 
 unless it was to do honour to particular guests, he never indulged in far sought delicacies 
 (preferring the ducks and chickens of his poor neighbours, which he bought in all 
 numbers, whether he wanted them or not, and I remember in the summer of 1793, a 
 small pond near the house swarming with the former kind) but he was very choice in 
 his liquors, which were the best, that care and money could procure. His place, not 
 happy in situation, was neither elegant, nor ornamented, but comfortable in the most 
 extended sense of the word ; inasmuch that it would be difficult to find another house, 
 where the visitor was more perfectly at his ease, from the titled tourist to the poor 
 benighted way-worn exciseman, who knew not where else to turn in either for refresh- 
 ment or lodging ; for Mr. Blayney's hospitality reached every traveller known or 
 unknown who could decently make any pretentions to it. In his conversation he was 
 affable, polite, instructive, and cheerful ; seldom brilliant, but never dull, and appeared 
 always to enjoy the innocent sallies of humour and wit from others, though they seldom 
 originated from himself. To his domesticks, he was a kind and indulgent master ; 
 their services were easy, but expected to be prompt and exact, not only to himself, but 
 to the humblest of his company. They always looked sleek and happy, and might grow 
 rich if they would. In truth, no animal in his possession, from the stable to the poultry- 
 yard, had cause to complain, and I knew him once vexed with a servant for sending, as 
 he said, a thin dog from Gregynog. His hounds too fat for speed, were fed and 
 followed by a running huntsman : His partridge were set, and his woodcocks shot on 
 the ground with a pointer, and stalking-horse. Order and regularity pervaded his 
 whole household. He was never married, but was remarkably pleased with, and 
 pleasing to the ladies, who visited him, and they were not a few. He carried his notions 
 of independence to a pitch, that bordered upon excess ; always ready to confer reason- 
 able favours ; he reluctantly accepted them ; several worthy Bishops of the Diocese 
 have lamented, that he would never put it in their power, to use their patronage, in 
 favour of his recommendation. In his temper, he was constitutionally warm ; What 
 true Welshman is otherwise ? His resentments, generally well founded, were consequently 
 strong, and sometimes permanent. He could forgive an injury, but if his confidence 
 was forfeited, it was nearly impossible to retrieve it. His dress was plain and studiously 
 neat and becoming, and he made a London suit every year, and his constant direction 
 to his taylor (whom he had not seen for forty years) was, that he made the present coat 
 as the last : His shoe buckles were very small, and he had a dressed pair ; they were 
 of the old form and fashion ; and he wore his breeches' garters very high. Mr. Blayney 
 died at Gregynog, the first of October, 1795, in the eighty-first year of his age, and was 
 buried by his particular directions, very privately, in the church-yard at Tregynon. He 
 
158 
 
 was universally and justly lamented ; an advantage which amiable men possess ovet 
 great ones. 
 
 [The directions for his funeral left by Mr. Blayney, referred to above, were as 
 follows : — 
 
 " It is usual for people in this Country font of a pretended respect but rather from 
 an Impertinent Curiosity) to desire to see persons after they are dead. It is my earnest 
 request that no person, upon any pretence whatever, may be permitted to see my 
 Corpse, but those who unavoidably must. 
 
 I desire to be buried in the North side of the Church-Yard of Tregunon, somewhere 
 about the Centre, my Coffin to be made in the most plain and simple manner, without 
 the usual Fantastical Decorations, and the more perishable the Material the better. 
 
 I desire that no Undertaker, or professed performer of Funerals, may be employed : 
 But that I may be conveyed to the Church-Yard in some Country Herse, which may be 
 hired for the Occasion : And my Corpse to be carried from the Herse to the Grave 
 immediately, without going into the Church, by six of the Chief Tregunon Tenants, 
 to whom I give two Guineas each for their Trouble. It is my Earnest request and 
 desire to have no upper Bearers, or any persons whatever, invited to my Funeral, which 
 I desire may be at so early an Hour, as will best prevent a Concourse of People from 
 collecting together. The better sort, I presume will not Intrude, as there is no 
 Invitation. 
 
 I have been present at the Funerals of three of my Unkles at Morvil. I was pleased 
 with the privacy and decency, with which all Things were conducted, no strangers 
 attended. All was done by the servants of the Family. It is my Earnest desire to 
 follow these examples, however unpopular ; and that no Coach, no Escutcheon, and no 
 pomp of any kind may appear. I trust that my Executor will be well justified against 
 the clamour and obloquy of Mercenary people, when he acts in performance of the last 
 request of a dying Friend ; who solemnly adjures him in the name of God, punctually 
 to observe these directions. 
 
 Ar: Blayney. 
 
 I likewise give to all my Servants, five Guineas each, in lieu of all Mourning, which 
 it is my desire no person may use on my account." 
 
 The uncles referred to, were members of the family of Weaver of Morville, near 
 Bridgnorth ; Mr. Blayney's mother being Ann Weaver. Henry, eighth Viscount 
 Tracy, married Susannah Weaver, Mr. Blayney's first cousin, and to whom he devised 
 his estates. Lord Tracy died 27th April, 1797, leaving an only surviving child and 
 heiress, Henrietta Susanna, who married her cousin, Charles Hanbury, Esq., who 
 assumed by royal licence, the additional surname and arms of Tracy ; and in 1838, was 
 raised to the peerage as Baron Sudeley. The present peer, the third Baron Sudeley, is 
 
159 
 
 his second son, the second Lord Sudeley (his brother) having died unmarried. The 
 Blayney arms were those of Brochwel Ysgythrog: Sable three nags' heads erased 
 argent. Arthur Blayney was the last of a long line of Blayneys (extending back at 
 least three centuries), who had dwelt at Gregynog. The name is still born by several 
 persons in Montgomeryshire, descendants of collateral branches, but Arthur Blayney, 
 it appears, left no direct male heirs. The Lords Blayney of Ireland, who were related 
 on the female side, became extinct some years ago. — Ed."] 
 
 No. XVI. 
 
 Some Observations on the Crown Manors in Wales. 
 
 In Norden's Survey at the British Museum, may be seen the map of the lordship of 
 Bromfield and Yale, consisting of seventeen manors, with their several members or 
 townships, as there enumerated. This extensive tract in its present state is of little use 
 to the Crbwn or the subject, when it might be made advantageous to both ; and to this 
 purpose let a bill pass for the sale of this and other Welsh lordships, since the power of 
 the Crown goes, at present, to a limited lease only. And might not the several manors, 
 composing the whole, be separated from the mass, and sold distinctly and by themselves ; 
 and by valuing in the sale of every of them, the divisional allotments due to the Crown, 
 as Lord, from each, together with the other manorial rights, excepting the mines and 
 minerals, long since alienated, might not an handsome sum be expected ; and in the 
 case of some of the manors, where there may be little waste, still something may be 
 looked for from the consideration of game and sporting objects. And might not the 
 Crown in this course avoid the difficulty (in an ugly moment of a Welsh revenue 
 question once experienced) of negociating themselves with the freeholder, in the first 
 instance, who if brought to terms of inclosure, may more readily agree with the new, 
 than the old proprietor ? It is apprehended that other paramountships in North Wales, 
 now in the Crown, have in them many of these aggregated manors, accumulated by 
 conquest, siiccession or forfeiture, and heretofore granted out of the Crown, and as this, 
 returned into it again. And might it not tempt the rich and zealous Antiquary to 
 purchase and restore the venerable remains of our castles, many yet renewable, if the 
 Crown brought them to the market, also, and discharged them, as I have little doubt it 
 can, from such claims, as by payments of small acknowledgments certain individuals 
 make upon them, but which, I conceive, give not to those persons power to alienate 
 them themselves. Thus, and what was the state of Warwick and Alnwick once, their 
 
i6o 
 
 magnificence might be restored, and a good price might be obtained by the Crown for 
 them, whilst at present they are incumbrances to it from the payment of sinecures to 
 their governors. North Wales has not had the attention it merits ; it possesses sea 
 and land, as other countries, but systems have interposed to check these advantages. 
 The uses of the first are, in a manner, forbidden to us by an heavy coal coast duty, of 
 small profit to the state (which might be relieved by commutation) which renders our 
 vast depot of lime half useless ; and the same shores of the same island seem to front 
 each other, not as natural friends and fellow subjects, but as rancorous rivals and 
 jealous enemies ; 
 
 Litora litoribus contraria, iluctibus undas : 
 To our land then ; much is cold, savage, and unprofitable, 
 Mons undique et undique coelum. 
 
 Cultivation is checked from the reasons just given, and the mountain starves again a 
 third of what it breeds ; it fattens none. Large plantations would be probably made if 
 it was once appropriated ; hence in time, wood would warm the waste, and bring 
 habitation into it. At present, its best produce is peat, without which much of the 
 surrounding country would not be habitable. 
 
 The plan to be pursued and the learning necessary to an effective practicable bill of 
 this nature, delicacy and consequence, might be assisted, from a review of the acts of 
 Parliament respecting Wales ; from the annexation under Henry the Eighth (the 
 parent and prototype of a greater Union since effected, as acknowledged by Lord 
 Somers, and long before suggested by Chief Baron Doddridge) to the time of William 
 the Third ; which with the speech of Mr. Price in the House of Commons, and of 
 Sir William Williams, before the Council, might give the Legislature light in such a 
 business. Some slight and humble hints are here only offered. 
 
 No. XVII. 
 
 Bishop Goodmans Will. 
 
 In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the 
 Holy Ghost, our Creator, our Redeemer, our Sanctifier, 
 three Persons and one God, Amen : 
 
 1 HIS Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our Lord 1655, 1 Godfrey Goodman 
 bishop late of Gloucester, being weak in body, but of perfect memory and understanding, 
 I praise God for it, do here make and declare this my last will and testament, and 
 
i6i 
 
 thereby revoking all former wills and testaments by me made. And first of all I giv& 
 and bequeath my sinful soul to God, hoping by his mercy and by the death and passioa 
 of my dear Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, dying a member of his Church, that he will 
 take me into the number of his Elect. I do humbly thank God that he hath given me 
 a penitent and contrite heart, as an earnest of my repentance and reconciliation ta 
 himself; and here I profess that as I have lived, so I die most constant in all the 
 articles of the Christian Faith, and in all the doctrine of God's holy Catholick and 
 Apostolick Church, whereof I do acknowledge the Church of Rome to be the Mother- 
 Church, and I do verily believe, that no other Church hath any salvation in it, but only 
 as far as it concurs with the faith of the Church of Rome : And for my Body I do- 
 leave to christian burial in the parish Church, near the font, in the meanest manner, 
 according to the due deserts of my sins. And touching such worldly goods, that it hatb 
 pleased God to bestow upon me, for which I give him most humble thanks and due^ 
 acknowledgement, that he hath plentifully supplied me, and that I never had any wants. 
 In the first place I desire, that my executor should give towards the adorning of the font,, 
 either by way of painting or otherwise, as the church-wardens shall think fit, the sum 
 of 40s. and I do humbly thank God for the benefit of my Baptism. Item, I do give a 
 hundred poor housekeepers of this parish I2d. a piece. Item, to all my poor parishioners 
 of Stapleford, I2d. a piece. Item, to all my poor parishioners of West Ildesley in Berks,. 
 I2d. a piece. Item, I do give the tenement in Yale and the two tenements in Carnar- 
 vonshire, viz. Coed mawr and T^ du, to the town of Ruthin in Denbighshire, where I was- 
 born, the tenements are purchased in the names of others in trust, and "are to be^ 
 disposed of by the Lords Bishops of Bangor and St. Asaph, when it shall please God. 
 that they shall be restored, and by the Chief Justice and second Justice of Chester and 
 the Warden of Ruthin, and by the heirs of brother Gabriel, who is now William 
 Salusbury of Rug, and by the heirs of my sister Susan, being now William Parry of 
 Llwyn Ynn, and by the heirs of Charles Goodman of Glanhespin, to the heirs of my 
 sister Jane, who is Gabriel Goodman of Nantglyn and his heirs male, and to the heirs- 
 of my sister Martha, who married Justice Prytherch in Anglesey, and until such time 
 as the bishops of Bangor and St. Asaph shall be restored, it shall be in the power of 
 those to nominate two churchmen, incumbents upon their benefices, not dwelling eight 
 miles from Ruthin, to supply the places of those bishops, who shall have the same 
 power as the bishops should have had ; and I desire all the lands may be at the letting- 
 out and disposal of them in this manner : That the rent of the tenement in Yale shall 
 be weekly given to the relief of the poor of Ruthin ; yet so that it shall not continue.- 
 in the same course above three years together ; for the tenements in Carnarvonshire, 
 which amount to forty pounds yearly, I desire that five pounds thereof might be spent 
 at their meeting, which I desire wholly at the appointment of the Chief Justice of 
 Chester, and I wish it might be one day in Michaelmas Assizes, and for the other five; 
 
 V 
 
l62 
 
 and thirty pounds, I desire that fifteen pounds thereof may be paid for the binding out 
 two apprentices, yet that they may not be bound within the principality of Wales, 
 where we have not any working trade in its full perfection, and for the other twenty 
 pounds, I desire that choice may be made of some gentlemen who shall desire to travel, 
 and that together with good security shall undertake within the compass of two years, 
 to live two months in Germany, two months in Italy, two months in France, and two 
 months in Spain ; I desire that my own kindred should be chosen before others, and 
 such as have had their breeding in the school of Ruthin, and for want of those, such as 
 have been born within the principality of Wales, and the house of Talar in Flintshire 
 may be preferred before others, and in the choice of the gentleman I desire that no 
 relation should be had to his poverty, but pulchrior doctior nobilior cseteris paribus 
 anteferendus, and so I do repose the trust in the Chief Justice and others for the 
 letting out of the tenements ; so I desire them to take special care for the preserving 
 and planting of wood, and I do give all there now, or that hereafter shall grow there, 
 except the necessary timber to be used about the ground or houses, towards repairing 
 or building of churches within that county by the appointment of the Chief Justice 
 and others, yet so that in one year they shall not give above the twentieth part of it, 
 and what is so given shall appear under the hands of the greater part of the feoffees, in 
 whom I have reposed trust for that purpose ; and whereas I have purchased the 
 perpetual patronage of Kemerton, and have settled it upon the hospital of St. 
 Bartholomew's in Gloucester, with this condition, that unless I have a kinsman of my 
 own, descended from my grand-father Edward Goodman, who shall be of my name and 
 capable of it, and shall make means within three months after the vacancy ; this kins- 
 man must be nominated long before by the feoffees in trust, for if he omits his three 
 months, he is made incapable to demand it ; and as for the rest of my estate, being so 
 small as it is, having had those great losses that I have had, I must intreat my friends 
 to accept of small legacies ; Item, I give and bequeath to my sister Jonnet Goodman 
 of Rug, the sum of five pounds, and to her daughter my cousin Mary Salusbury,* being 
 my heir at common law, I give a hundred marks ; Item, to my sister Martha Prytherch 
 of Anglesey I do give five pounds ; Item, I give to my cousin Charles Goodman of 
 Glanhespin five pounds ; Item, I give to my cousin William Parry of Ll'^yn Ynn and 
 his sister five pounds ; Item, I do give to my cousin Ellin Goodman of Nantglyn, with 
 
 * Mary Goodman, alias Salusbury, sole daughter and heiress of Gabriel Goodman of Abinbury, Prothono- 
 tary of North Wales, married October the 28th, 1635, Owen Salusbury of Rug, by whom among other issue 
 she had Dorothy her eldest daughter, born i6th November, 1636. The said Dorothy married John Wynne of 
 Melai, the i6th of April, 1651, by whom she had issue William Wynne of Melai, also Dorothy and Barbara. 
 Dorothy married Thomas Wynne of Dyffrynaled, by whom she had Robert Wynne of DyflFrynaled : Robert 
 married Elizabeth Foulkes of Merriadog and Carregfynydd, and had issue Pierce Wynne and Dorothy. 
 Pierce Wynne married Margaret, daughter to Robert Wynne of Garthewin, and had issue Diana Wynne of 
 Dyffrynaled. Dorothy married William Thomas of Coedhelen, and left issue. 
 
i63 
 
 many thanks for her care in educating her children, five pounds ; Item, I do give my 
 cousin Charles Goodman, glazier, forty shillings, and to his brother John Goodman, 
 virginal-maker, forty shillings ; Item, to Mrs. Slatyr I give three pounds, in regard of 
 the great care she hath with her aged father. These legacies I desire might be paid out 
 of those bonds which are due unto me and undoubtedly good debts, but of such money 
 as I have in the house I leave to Gabriel Goodman, my sister's grand-child, for his pains in 
 the time of my sickness and his care at my funeral ; Item, I have placed trust in Mrs. Sylla 
 Aglomby, I leave her five pounds, and give her the bed and blankets which are in her 
 house ; Item, I leave her a box and a key which I desire may not be opened, and if I 
 have any other small things in her house I do freely give her, in hope and confidence 
 that she will discharge the small trust which I have reposed in her ; Item, after all 
 church duties and funeral expenses being paid, I desire that what is now left in the 
 house may be distributed according to the discretion of my executor among those 
 ministers that were deprived of their benefices by that long and most unjust parliament, 
 God forgive them and their committees, which will be sixteen pounds ; and further, 
 whereas I am to receive some money upon bonds, the 6th day of May next, from Sir 
 Benjamin AglifFe, I desire that one hundred pounds thereof may be given amongst 
 those poor distressed churchmen according to the good discretion of my executor. 
 Item, the books I intended for Chelsea College (the college being now dissolved) I do 
 bestow them upon Trinity College, Cambridge, with this condition, that, if ever 
 Chelsea College be restored, the books shall likewise be restored. Item, whereas I have 
 taken a great deal of pains in writing of notes, my desire is, that some scholar may be 
 employed to peruse them all over, and if any thing should be found worthy the 
 printing, that then some course may be taken for the publishing of them ; and the 
 scholar, when he hath so taken pains, shall be rewarded with ten pounds ; and I repose 
 the whole care of this business to Mr. Francis Westby, and he is to find the scholar and 
 to order things accordingly. And here I do from my soul ask forgiveness of God and 
 of all others whom I have offended, and I heartily forgive all men, and do confess, that 
 if I was guilty to myself, that if I had wronged any man to the value of one farthing, 
 I would make satisfaction with recompence : And I do hereby constitute and appoint 
 my sole executor Gabriel Goodman, one who now lives with me, to whom I give all the 
 rest of my goods, chattels and debts whatsoever, in hope and confidence that he will be 
 careful of his brothers and sisters, and so beseeching God to bless all the estates of men, 
 and to send times of peace and quietness in this church, and to restore her to her just 
 revenues and honor, and to send peace in the christian world for the sparing of the 
 effusion of christian blood, and I do hereby conclude with my last words, into thy hands 
 O Lord I recommend my soul ; Lord Jesus receive my soul ! 
 
 In witness hereof I have hereunto subscribed my hand and seal, 
 
 Godf. Goodman. 
 
164 
 
 Sealed, subscribed and declared this to be my 
 last will and testament in the presence of 
 
 R. H.—S. A.—L. P.—M. S. 
 
 This will was proved in London before the Judges for probate of wills, and carefully 
 ■authorized the i6th of February, in the year of our Lord 1655, by the oath of Gabriel 
 Goodman, kinsman to the deceased and sole executor, named in the said will, of all and 
 •singular the goods, chattels and debts of the said deceased, being first legally sworn 
 iruly to administer the same. 
 
 Thos. Wetham. 
 Reg. Dep. 
 
 No. XVIII. 
 Sir Thomas Hanmers Epitaph. 
 
 EPITAPHIUM in Thomam Hanmer, Baronettum. 
 
 Honorabilis admodum Thomas Hanmer Baronettus 
 
 Wilhelmi Hanmer armigeri, e Peregrina Henrici North 
 
 De Mildenhall in Cora. SufFolciae Baronetti Sorore & Hserede, 
 
 Filius, 
 
 Johannis Hanmer de Hanmer Baronetti 
 
 Haeres Patruelis, 
 
 Antiquo Gentis suse et titulo et patrimonio successit. 
 
 Duas Uxores sortitus est ; 
 
 Alteram Isabellam, honore a patre derivato, de 
 
 Arlington Comitissam, 
 
 Deinde celsissimi principis ducis de Grafton viduam dotatam ; 
 
 Alteram Elizabetham Thomae Folks de Barton in 
 
 Com. SufF. Armigeri 
 
 Filiam et Haeredem. 
 
 Inter humanitatis studia feliciter enutritus, 
 
 Omnes liberalium Artium disciplinas avide arripuit, 
 
 Quas morum suavitate baud leviter ornavit. 
 
 Postquam excessit ex ephebis, 
 Continuo inter populares suos fama eminens. 
 
""^■**'*'''"'W.'.wwrt.w«wAW//a>ww*''*^' 
 
 akme:r. 
 
 Q:///6aArr(^//^^^u^/M^yfi/ ^^?^i^7?^ 
 
i65 
 
 Et Comitatus sui legatus ad Parliamentum missus, 
 Ad ardua regni negotia per Annos prope triginta 
 
 Se accinxit ; 
 
 Cumq : apud illos amplissimorum virorum ordines 
 
 Soleret nihil temere efFutire, 
 
 Sed probe perpensa diserte expromere 
 
 Orator gravis et pressus, 
 
 Non minus integritatis quam eloquentise laude 
 
 commendatus, 
 
 -iEque omnium utcunq ; inter se alioqui dissidentium 
 
 Aures atque animos attraxit ; 
 
 Annoque demum Mdccxiii, regnante Anna, 
 
 Felicissimse florentissimseque memorise Regina, 
 
 Ad prolocutoris Cathedram 
 
 Communi senatfis universi voce designatus est : 
 
 Quod Munus, 
 
 Cum nullo tempore non difficile. 
 
 Turn illo certe negotiis 
 
 Et variis et lubricis et implicatis difficillimum 
 
 Cum dignitate sustinuit. 
 
 Honores alios, et omnia, quae sibi in lucrum cede'rent, Munera 
 
 Sedulo detrectavit, 
 
 Ut rei totus inserviret publicse, 
 
 Justi rectique tenax, 
 
 Et fide in patriam incorrupta notus. 
 
 Ubi omnibus, quae virum, civemque bonum decent, officiis satisfecit, 
 
 Paulatim se a publicis Consiliis in Otium recipiens 
 
 Inter literarum amsenitates. 
 
 Inter ante actae vitae baud insuaves recordationes, 
 
 Inter amicorum convictus et amplexus. 
 
 Honorific^ consenuit, 
 
 Et bonis omnibus, quibus charissimus vixit, 
 
 Desideratissimus obijt. 
 
i66 
 
 No. XIX. 
 
 Sir Thomas Hanmers Epitaph Paraphrasd: 
 
 1 HOU, who survey'st these walls with curious eye, 
 Pause on this tomb — where Hanmer's ashes lie. 
 His various worth, thro' varied life attend, 
 And learn his virtues, while thou mourn'st his end : 
 His force of genius burn'd in early youth, 
 With thirst of knowledge and with love of truth. 
 His learning join'd with each endearing art 
 Charm'd every ear, and gain'd on every heart ; 
 Thus early wise th' endanger'd realm to aid. 
 His country call'd him from the studious shade ; 
 In life's first bloom his public toils began, 
 At once commenc'd the senator and man ; 
 In bus'ness dextrous, weighty in debate, 
 Thrice ten long years, he labor'd for the State ; 
 In every speech persuasive wisdom flow'd. 
 In ev'ry act refulgent virtue glow'd ; 
 Suspended faction ceas'd from rage and strife, 
 To hear his eloquence and praise his life ; 
 Resistless merit fix'd the senate's choice. 
 Who hail'd him Speaker with united voice. 
 Illustrious age ! How bright thy glories shone, 
 When Hanmer fill'd the chair, and Anne the throne ! 
 Then — when dark arts obscur'd each fierce debate, 
 When mutual frauds perplex'd the maze of state ; 
 The moderator firmly mild appear'd. 
 Beheld with love, with veneration heard. 
 This task performed, he sought no gainful post, 
 Nor wish'd to glitter at his country's cost ; 
 Strict on the right, he fix'd his stedfast eye. 
 With temp'rate zeal and wise anxiety ; 
 Nor e'er from virtue's path was turn'd aside 
 To pluck the flow'rs of pleasure or of pride ; 
 Her gifts despis'd, corruption blush'd and fled 
 And fame pursu'd him, where conviction led : 
 Age call'd, at length, his active mind to rest, 
 
16; 
 
 With honor sated and with cares opprest ; 
 To letter'd ease retir'd and honest mirth, 
 To rural grandeur and domestic worth, 
 Delighted still to please mankind or mend. 
 The patriot's fire yet sparkled in the friend. 
 Calm conscience then his former life survey'd 
 And recollected toils endear'd the shade ; 
 Till nature call'd him to the gen'ral doom, 
 And virtue's sorrow dignify'd his tomb.* 
 
 * See the Gentleman's Magazine for May 1747. 
 
 No. XX. 
 
 Inscription on Sir William Williams s Monument in Llansilin 
 
 Church, in Denbighshire. 
 
 H. S. E. 
 
 HONORATISSIMUS Vir Gulielmus Williams 
 
 De Glascoed — Miles et Baronettus : 
 
 Omnibus ingenii animique dotibus illustris ; 
 
 In foro civili inter primaries suae .^tatis 
 
 Togatos, semper praeclarus, 
 
 Et tantum non purpuratis adscriptus, 
 
 Quippe qui in facultate sua opus 
 
 Potius quam honores, aut magistratum, amavit ; 
 
 Ac prodesse quam praeesse, maluit ; 
 
 Adeo in consiliis sagax, in dicendo promptus, 
 
 Ad negotia habilis, 
 
 Ut dignus habitus est, qui in altera Senatus 
 
 Domo, saepius sedem, bis Cathedram teneret. 
 
 Orator peritissimus. 
 
 In his publicis et amicorum rebus 
 
 Dum esset occupatus. 
 
 Nihil interim de propriis remisit. 
 
 Quod familiae suas dignitatem aut censum augeret. 
 
 Ex uxore meritissima, 
 
i68 
 
 Filios habuit duos, Filiam unicam ; 
 
 Quos omnes tarn larga, et quod rarius, 
 
 Viva manu, ditavit, 
 
 Ac si eorum quemlibet hseredem 
 
 Adscripserat. 
 
 Obiit Londini x — die Julii mdcc ^t: 66. 
 
 Hie magno sumptu, licet meritis impari sepultus, 
 
 Expectat immortalitatem. 
 
 No. XXI. 
 Epitaph on Mary Vanbutchell. 
 
 ' IN reliquias Mari^ Vanbutchell 
 Novo miraculo conservatas 
 et a marito suo superstite, 
 Cultu quotidiano, adoratas. 
 
 Hie, exsors tumuli, jacet 
 
 Uxor Johannis Vanbutchel, 
 
 Integra omnino et incorrupta ; 
 
 Viri sui amantissimi 
 
 Desiderium simul et Delicise ; 
 
 Quam gravi morbo vitiatam, 
 
 Consumptamque tandem longa morte, 
 
 In hunc quern cernis nitorem, 
 
 In banc speciem et colorem viventis 
 
 Ab indecora putredine vindicavit, 
 
 Invita et repugnante natura 
 
 Vir egregius Gulielmus Hunterus 
 
 Artificii prius intentati 
 
 Inventor idem et Perfector 
 
 O fortunatum maritum 
 
 Cui datur 
 
 Uxorem multum amatam 
 
 Retinere una, in unis aedibus, 
 
 Affari, tangere, complecti ; 
 

 Sir William Williams bar! 
 
 60^i 
 
 Speaker of the House of Commons, and Solicitor General. 
 
 O 
 
169 
 
 Non Fatis modo superstitem 
 
 Sed (quod pluris sestimandum, 
 
 Nam non est vivere, sed placere vita) 
 
 Etiam suaviorem, 
 
 Venustiorem, 
 
 Habitiorem, 
 
 Solidam magis, et magis succi plenam 
 
 Quam cum ipsa in vivis fuerit ! 
 
 O fortunatum virum ! et invidendum ! 
 
 Cui peculiare hoc, et proprium contingit, 
 
 Apud se'^;5bere fceminam 
 
 Non variam, non mutabilem, 
 
 Egregie taciturnam, 
 
 Et horis omnibus eandem. 
 
 No. XXII. 
 
 A literal translation for the Benefit of the LadieSy 
 By a Noble Lord. 
 
 riERE covered not by earth or stone, 
 Lies John Vanbutchell's wife alone : 
 His pleasure, joy, and sole desire, 
 Quite uncorrupted, and entire : 
 Who was preserved by Hunter's art, 
 When death had shot his fatal dart. 
 Behold her now 'gainst nature's will, 
 With face so fair, and blooming still. 
 O Husband blest ! who in one house, 
 Can still retain one charming spouse. 
 Can speak to, kiss, and with her toy. 
 And sleep close by ; if such his joy : 
 Who now exists, not as you see. 
 The Fates would choose to have her be ; 
 But what's more wond'rous, is much sweeter. 
 More perfect too in limb and feature ; 
 W 
 
170 
 
 More firm her flesh, more full of juice, 
 
 And fitter for domestic use. 
 
 O fortunate and envy'd Van ! 
 
 To keep a wife beyond life's span ; 
 
 Whom you can ne'er have cause to blame ; 
 
 Is ever constant and the same ; 
 
 Who qualities most rare inherits, 
 
 A wife that's dumb ; yet full of spirits. 
 
 No. XXIII. 
 Note to the House of Caergai. 
 
 Of the House of Caergai was Rowland Vaughan, who flourished in the middle of 
 the last century, called Rolant Fychan y Cyfieithydd, or the translator ; because he 
 translated several pious books into Welsh, particularly Bishop Bailey's Practice of 
 Piety, and Dr. Brough's Manual of Prayer ; which last was at the request of Colonel 
 William Salusbury, of Bachymbyd, commonly called Blue Stockings, the sturdy 
 governor of Denbigh castle, in the civil wars of the last century [17th] ; at whose 
 expence it was printed and distributed among the poor. Salusbury was also active in 
 repairing several churches that were defaced, and he founded and endowed the chapel at 
 Rug. Vaughan, besides being a translator, was an author in Welsh prose of good credit. 
 
 No. XXIV. 
 
 Note to Humphrey Hughes. 
 
 Humphrey hughes of Gwerclas, was bom in 1605, married Maudlen Rogers, 
 aged thirteen, in 1615, was Sherifi" in 1620, ut patet by his own memorandums and the 
 roll of Sheriffs. He married afterwards Eleanor Savage of Chester, in 1659. In 1662, 
 he married Sarah Franklin, of Cambridgeshire, and in 1666, Eleanor Mutton.* 
 
 * The British pronunciation of the letter j/ in Mytton is the same with that of a, in Mutton after the Eng- 
 lish, and both a local name, as should appear by the termination ton, but where the place so called is situated 
 I know not. [Mytton is now generally pronounced as if written Mitton. — Ed.'l 
 
THE FIFTEEN TRIBES OF NORTH WALES. 
 
 The origin of these Tribes, which belong exclusively to North Wales, 
 and the grounds for the selection of some of their founders for such a 
 distinction, while others of greater merit have not been so honoured, 
 have given rise to some difficulty. Several of these chieftains lived as 
 early as the ninth, and some as late as the twelfth century, but it has 
 been suggested that many difficulties will be explained if we assume 
 that the Tribes were constituted subsequently to the reign of Owain 
 Gwynedd (1137-1169), and were limited to the districts which remained 
 unconquered. The following account of the Fifteen Tribes is taken 
 from the Cambrian Register for 1795, p. 145 ; and appears to have 
 been compiled by Robert Vaughan, the antiquary, about the middle 
 of the seventeenth century, and annotated for the Cam. Reg. by either 
 Dr. Owen Pughe, or the Rev. Walter Davies. An account almost 
 identical, exclusive of the Notes, but including catalogues of extant and 
 extinct families descended from each tribe, was published by Pennant 
 in 1796, as an Appendix to his History of Whiteford and Holywell ^ 
 and this with an Introductory Preface, by W. Trevor Parkins, Esq., 
 has lately been reprinted as an Appendix to the recent edition of 
 Pennanfs Tours in Wales (Carnarvon 1883). The tribe of March or 
 Tudor Trevor is of a later date, and has no connection with the rest — 
 Pennant calls it the Sixteenth Tribe. It includes a number of families 
 belonging entirely to Powys. — Ed. 
 
Brief History of the FIFTEEN TRIBES' OF NORTH 
 
 WALES (Y Pymtheg Llwyth Gwynedd), from which the 
 
 chief families of that part of the Principality trace their 
 
 pedigrees. Extracted from a manuscript written about the 
 
 middle of the last century [the 17th]. 
 
 I._HWFA AP CYNDDELW.^ 
 
 The first of the tribes of North Wales was Hwfa ap Cynddelw, 
 who lived in the time of Owain Gwynedd, Prince of North 
 Wales, and, as some will have it, was steward to the said 
 prince. His office, by inheritance, was to bear the prince's 
 coronet, and to put it upon his head when the Bishop of 
 
 ^ They are likewise frequently called the fifteen Peers of North Wales, being, I 
 presume, certain nobles who held their lands by Baron service, being bound to particular 
 ministerial attendances on their princes, besides what they were in general obliged to, 
 as subjects, by homage and fealty. 
 
 2 Rowlands in his Mona Antiqua, says that Hwfa ap Cynddelw of Presaddfed, held 
 his estate in fee, by attending on the prince's coronation, and bearing up the right side 
 of the canopy over the prince's head at that solemnity, and cites the following extract 
 from a manuscript of one Lewis Dun, out of the Gloddaith Library. — " Yr Hwfa hwn 
 a'i Etifeddion hynaf a wiscant y Dalaith am ben y Twysog, gyda ac Escob Bangor, ac 
 ar y dydd cyntaf y cyssegrid y Twysog yn y Dalaith, yr oedd i Hwfa y par dillad a fai 
 am y Twysog wrth wisco y Dalaith am ei ben. A hyn oedd wasanaeth Hwfa ap 
 Cynddelw." [This Hwfa and his eldest heirs placed the coronet on the head of the 
 prince with the Bishop of Bangor, and the first day the prince was consecrated in the 
 province, to Hwfa belonged the suit of clothes worn by the prince when the coronet was 
 placed on his head. And this was the service of Hwfa ab Cynddelw.j 
 
173 
 
 Bangor anointed him as Nicholas,^ Bishop of Bangor affirmeth. 
 His house was Presaddfed in Anglesey.^ What lordships he 
 had besides that, is mentioned in the Extent of North Wales,^ 
 to have been divided between his five sons, Methusalem, Cyfnerth, 
 levan, lorwerth, and Blettrws. Sir Howel y Pedolau was a 
 famous man in his time, and descended from him, as being the 
 son of Gruffudd ap lorwerth, ap Meredydd, ap Methusalem, ap 
 Hwfa ap Cynddelw. Sir Howel's mother was King Edward 
 the Second's nurse, and he being foster brother to the king, 
 was in great favour with him. He was a very strong man, 
 insomuch that he could break or straiten* horse shoes with his 
 hands. Llewelyn ap Hwlkin was a very famous gentleman 
 descended of him : he left four sons to inherit his manors, as 
 
 ^ Nicholson Robinson, Bishop of that See, a.d. 1566. [He was a native of Aberconwy, 
 and a very learned man. Among other works written by him, was a translation from 
 Welsh into Latin of the Life of Gruffudd ab Cynan (see ante^ p. 23, note.) He died 
 February 13th, 1584-5, and was buried on the south side of the high altar in his 
 Cathedral church of Bangor. — Ed.'\ 
 
 2 Rowlands (Mona Ant. Res., p. 106) derives this na.me irom Prcesidii Locus:=the 
 President's habitation ; and surmises it to have been originally the Roman Governor's 
 residence. It is in the parish of Bodedeyrn, about eight miles east of Holyhead, and is 
 still a fine old mansion. — Ed. 
 
 ^ This Extent, or Survey of North Wales, is a very fine folio MS. in the Harleian 
 Collection, bearing date 1352, and has been printed in the Record of Carnarvon. It 
 only relates to the Counties of Anglesey, Carnarvon, and Merioneth. It appears to 
 have been begun in the time of Edward the First, continued by Edward the Second, 
 and completed in the twenty-sixth year of Edward the Third. — Ed. 
 
 ■* And therefore called Howel y Pedolau. A few years ago there was a mutilated 
 tombstone in the church of St. Peter's, Carmarthen, with the effigy of a warrior on it, 
 holding a horseshoe, with both his hands, seemingly in the act of exercising his strength 
 thereon. Quasre, if that might not have been the tomb of Sir Howel y Pedolau. 
 
174 
 
 Meuric, of whom the Owens^ of Bodeon in Anglesey, and 
 and Orlelton in Pembrokeshire are descended, and also the 
 Owens of Bodsilin, of whom comes Sir John Owens of Clynn- 
 enney ; (2) Hugh ap Llywelin^ (alias Hugh Lewis), of whom 
 come the Lewises of Presaddfed ; (3) Griffith, of whom come 
 the Griffiths of Chwaen ; and (4) Rhys, of whom Wynn of 
 Bodowyr and others are descended. His arms he beareth gules 
 between three lioncels rampant a chevron or. 
 
 1 The houses of Bodeon and Orielton are now united, since the marriage of Sir Hugh 
 Owen of Orielton, with Catherine, daughter and sole heiress of . . . Owens, Esq. 
 of Bodeon. The first of that family, who came into Pembrokeshire, was Sir Hugh 
 Owen, Knight, Barrister at Law, and Recorder of Carmarthen, who married Elizabeth, 
 daughter and sole heiress of George Wyrriott, Esq. of Orielton, who lived in the reign 
 of Queen Elizabeth. [The Bodeon estate has long since passed into other hands. 
 Sir Hugh Owen Owen, Bart, of Orielton, County of Pembroke, now represents these 
 united families. — Ed^ 
 
 2 Of him likewise was descended the late . . . Lewis, Esq. of Llanddyfnan, in 
 Anglesey, a gentleman as generally known by the title of King of Spain, a title which 
 I never could learn how he obtained ; but from which that of Prince of Asturias, 
 naturally resulted to his eldest son, and of infantas to his daughters. Nay, when one 
 of the infantas had cast her affections on a robust country curate, and had honoured 
 him with her hand in marriage, the Puisne Judge of the North Wales circuit, the 
 facetious Thomas Potter, Esq., desirous of collecting all the Spanish dignities into the 
 family, with that ready humour which he is so remarkable for, styled the happy parson 
 Archbishop of Toledo. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Hwfa ab Cynddelw, often styled lord of Llys Llivon, was a direct 
 descendant of Cunedda Wledig, " King of Britain," and flourished about 11 50. By his 
 wife, Ceinfryd, daughter of Ednowain Bendew, founder of the thirteenth Noble Tribe 
 of North Wales, he had in addition to the five sons above named, three daughters, 
 namely, Avandrog, Gwerful, and Gwladus (DwnrCs Fts., ii. p. 236). An old MS. 
 quoted by Dwnn fVts. ii., p. 83) states that " he was chosen by Owen Gwynedd to be 
 heir apparent, because he was gallant and brave." 
 
175 
 
 Sir John Owen of Clenneneu, the famous Royalist referred to above, was the son of 
 John Owen of Bodsilin, who was Secretary to the great Sir Francis Walsingham, and 
 married the heiress of Clenneneu and Brogyntyn, with whom he obtained those estates. 
 Sir John, whose portrait is at Brogyntyn (the seat of his descendant. Lord Harlech), 
 was a Colonel in the army, and Vice Admiral of North Wales. He greatly distinguished 
 himself at the siege of Bristol, where he was desperately wounded, and in other actions. 
 Near the close of the war he was taken prisoner, and condemned to death, but his life 
 was spared through the humane exertions of Ireton, who told the House of Commons 
 " that there was one person for whom no one spoke a word, and therefore requested that 
 " he might be saved by the sole motive and goodness of the house." After a short 
 imprisonment he was set at liberty, and retired into his own country, where he died in 
 1666 (Pennanfs Tours, i., 337). Among his lineal descendants are Baron Harlech, and 
 on the mother's side Baron Kenyon (ante, pp. 17 and 103, notes.) The estate of 
 Bodsilin was sold towards the close of the seventeenth century, by John Owen, page to 
 the Prince of Conde fDwitn's Vis., ii., p. 164, note.) 
 
 The Wynns of Bodychen, a once powerful family, belonged to this tribe. Of them 
 Rhys ab Llewelyn ab Hwlcyn, a powerful chieftain, went to Bosworth with a company 
 of foot, to assist Henry the Seventh, and in return was sworn Sheriff of Anglesey for 
 life, being the first Sheriff appointed for that County. He made his house the County 
 Gaol ; and Pennant (Tours, iii., p. 75) says that " the dungeon was lately to be seen." 
 The Arch. Camb. for 1 87 1, p. 238, gives an account, accompanied by a view of an old 
 building, supposed to be part of the original residence. Jane, daughter of John 
 Bodychen, left the Bodychen estate,'which she inherited, to her second husband, John 
 Sparrow, Esq. of Red Hill, Sheriff of Anglesey in 1708 (Arch. Camb. 1871, p. 335.) 
 There was no issue of this marriage, but Mr. Sparrow married again and had issue, and 
 the estate has since continued in his family. His grandson, John Bodychen Sparrow, 
 Esq., married Anne, daughter and heiress of Ambrose Lewis, Esq. of Trysglwyn, who 
 was the last male representative of a younger branch of the Bodewryd family, belonging 
 to this tribe. Of this marriage there was issue, five sons and nine daughters. One of 
 the latter (Barbara), married Hugh Robert Hughes, Esq., and their son Hugh Robert 
 Hughes, Esq. of Kinmel Park, is the present Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire (Burke's 
 Landed Gentry.) The Gwyn's of Baron's Hall, in the County of Norfolk, claim 
 descent from the Wynn's of Bodychen ( Tb.) 
 
 William Lewys, Esq. of Presaddfed (Sheriff in 1549, I5S7, and 1572, and who 
 represented Anglesey in two Parliaments), married first, Margaret, daughter of Sir 
 John Puleston, Knight, Chamberlain of North Wales, and Constable of Carnarvon 
 Castle, by whom he had several children ; the last male representative of whom, John 
 Lewys, Esq. of Presaddfed, left an only daughter and heiress, Anne, who was twice 
 married — her first husband being John, eldest son of Sir Hugh Owen, Bart, of Orielton ; 
 
176 
 
 her second, Mark Trevor, Lord Viscount Dungannon, after whose death she sold 
 Presaddfed to John Owen, Esq. of Cromlech. The said William Lewys married 
 secondly, Elin, daughter of Edward ab Hugh Gwyn of Bodewryd, descended from 
 GwEiRYDD AP Rhys Goch, chief of the third Noble Tribe (see post.) The eldest son 
 of this marriage, was Robert Lewys of Cemlyn, whose last lineal male descendant, 
 Robert Lewys, Chancellor of Bangor, died in 1738, leaving three daughters and 
 coheiresses, namely, Sydney, who married Love Parry, Esq. of Wernfawr ; Anna 
 Maria ; and Mary, who married the Rev. Edward Hughes of Kinmael, father of the first 
 Lord Dinorben, and grandfather of the above named Hugh Robert Hughes, Esq., Lord 
 Lieutenant of Flintshire (Dwmi's Vis, ii., p. 199 ; and Hist Powys Fadog, v., 
 pp. 281-6.) 
 
 The Griffiths of Chwaen ended in an heiress, Anne, only surviving child of John 
 Griffith, Esq., Sheriff of Anglesey in 1709, and of Carnarvonshire the following year. 
 She was born in 1724, and was married to William Lewis, Esq., of Trysglwyn, father 
 of the above named Ambrose Lewis, Esq. (Dwmi's Vis, ii., p. 147, note. J 
 
 Another old family of this tribe, named by Dwnn (Vis., ii., p. 258), that of Arianell 
 Goch, ended in an heiress, who married John Pritchard, Esq. of Dinam, near Gaerwen, 
 of whom the Rev. H. Pritchard of that place is a lineal descendant. 
 
 The Nanney's of Cefndeuddwr and Gwynfryn, also trace their descent from Hwfa, 
 through the Ellis's of Bodychen . Elizabeth Ellis, the eventual heiress of that house, 
 married John Jones, Esq. of Brynkir, and their eldest surviving son, Owen Jones, Esq., 
 assumed the surname of Ellis-Nanney, on succeeding to the estates of his maternal 
 uncle, David Ellis Nanney, Esq. The present representative is H. J. Ellis Nanney, Esq. 
 of Gwynfryn, in the County of Carnarvon (Burke's Landed Gentry.) 
 
 The following families appear to be extinct, or only existing in the female line : — • 
 Williams of Llanbedr (Pennants Tours, iii., p. 429) ; Bould of Trerddol (lb.) ; Owen 
 of Llanfaethlu (lb.) ; Morris of Treiorwerth (lb.) ; Wynn of Bodowyr (lb.) ; 
 Owen of Twrcelyn (Dwnn's Vis., ii., p. 192) ; Owen of Treddafydd, Malldraeth 
 (R., p. 201) ; Llachylched (lb., p. 259) ; Talebolion (lb., p. 262) ; and Niwbwrch 
 rib.. 0. 2bb.\—Ed. 
 
177 
 
 II.— LLYWARCH AP BRAN. 
 
 He lived in the time of Owen Gwynedd, and was the prince's 
 brother in law, for both their wives were sisters, the daughters 
 of Gronw ap Owain ap Edwyn, Lord of Tegaingyl, as Griffith 
 Hiraethog,^ and Sir Thomas ap levan ap Deicws, and also an 
 old parchment manuscript, written about four hundred years ago, 
 do testify. What office he bare under the prince I do not know, 
 but some say he was his steward, as in a book of Sir Thomas 
 ap William^ of Trefriw, I found. He dwelt in the township 
 which from him is called Tref Llywarch, which hath in it Caer- 
 gybi,^ and three parcels bearing the name of his three sons, 
 Wele* lorwerth ap Llywarch, Wele Cadwgan ap Llywarch, Wele 
 Madoc ap Llywarch, as in the Extent of North Wales is 
 manifest. He had a grandchild by his son lorwerth, called 
 Meredydd, who for his good service had the freehold of the 
 township of Escynniog, given him and his heirs for ever, by 
 prince Llywelin ap lorwerth, whose posterity, levan Wyddel 
 and Tudur ap Hywel ap Tudur, held the same by virtue of 
 the grant aforesaid, in the twenty-sixth year of King Edward 
 the Third. levan Wyddel's mother was the daughter of the 
 Lord of Cywchwr in Ireland, descended of the Earl of Kildare, 
 
 1 A noted bard and herald who flourished about the year 1530. 
 
 " An eminent physician and antiquary in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 8 Holyhead. 
 
 * Wele, i.e. seat, or family, into many of which most trefs or townships were divided. 
 
 X 
 
178 
 
 of whom the gentlemen of Mwsoglen, Porthamal/ and many 
 other houses are descended. He beareth argent between three 
 crows, each bearing a Queen of Ermin in their bills, a chevron 
 sable, by the name of Llywarch ap Bran. 
 
 1 Houses now extinct, or in the possession of men of yesterday, such is the mutability 
 of property ! 
 
 " You see it alter, 
 
 From you to me, from me to Peter Walter ; 
 Or in a mortgage prove a lawyer's share^ 
 Or in a jointure vanish from the heir." 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Llywarch ab Bran was lord of Cwmmwd Menai in Anglesey, and 
 flourished about 1137. He was eighth in descent from Rhodri Mawr. 
 
 lorwerth ab Llywarch, according to Rowlands ( Mona AntiquaJ, lived at Porthamel 
 uchaf, Anglesey. His descendant levan Wyddel had two sons, namely, Rhys, who 
 settled at Bodowyr ; and Howel, who founded the ancient house of Berw (so called, 
 possibly, from the cresses which abound there) which descended to his granddaughter 
 Elinor. She married an Englishman named John Holland, who claimed descent from 
 the Dukes of Valence. The Hollands continued owners of Berw for many generations. 
 Several of them represented Anglesey in Parliament, and they formed alliances with 
 some of the best families in the country. The last of the name was the Rev. Thomas 
 Holland who died about 1750. On his decease, the property descended to his niece and 
 heiress, Elizabeth, wife of Richard Trygarn, Esq., whose daughter, in 1755, married 
 John Griffith, Esq. of Carreglwyd, " a worthy and convivial gentleman," as Pennant 
 calls him, whose descendants still hold it (Arch. Camb. 1868, p. 97.) The ancient and 
 interesting mansion of Berw is still preserved intact. The Anglesey Central Railway 
 passes close to it. 
 
 levan ab Ednyved, in the time of Henry the Fourth, married the heiress of Jenkin ab 
 Llewelyn ab lorwerth of Myvyrian, a descendant of Llywarch, and from this union 
 came the Prytherchs of Myvyrian, who became extinct in the male line about two 
 hundred years ago, and by marriage were closely related to the families of Berw, 
 Bodowyr, and the Trevors of Denbighshire. Their matrimonial connections were 
 indeed so complicated, that Sir Edward Trevor of Brynkinallt, wrote the following 
 epitaph on Eva, his grandmother : — 
 
179 
 
 " Here lyes by name the world's mother, 
 By nature my aunt, sister to my mother ; 
 By law my grandmother, mother to my mother ; 
 My great grandmother, mother to my grandmother ; 
 All this may be without breach of consanguinity." — (Arch. Canib. 1848, p. 293.) 
 
 From Cadwgan ab Llywarch came the Hughes's of PMs C6ch, Anglesey. The old 
 house of Porthamel isaf, where they resided, was rebuilt in 1569 by Hugh Hughes, 
 Attorney General for North Wales, and was thenceforth called Plas Coch from the 
 colour of the stone used on that occasion. The late William Bulkeley Hughes, Esq. of 
 Plas Coch and Bryndu, was lineally descended from Hugh Hughes. He was for many 
 years Member of Parliament for the Carnarvon Boroughs, and died in March, 1882, 
 leaving an only daughter married to Captain Hunter. The family is also represented 
 by his brother's son, Rice William Thomas, Esq. (formerly Hughes) of Coed-helen, 
 Carnarvon (Hist. Powys Fadog, v., p. 311.) The Hughes's of Plascoch intermarried 
 with the Bulkeleys of Bryndu and Beaumaris, the Owens of Clenneneu, and the 
 Trevors of Denbighshire. 
 
 From Cadwgan were also descended the Meyricks of Bodorgan and Goodrich Court, 
 by the marriage of their ancestor Einion Sais, with Eva, daughter of Meredydd ab 
 Cadwgan (Hist. Powys Fadog, v., p. 312.) Dr. William Lloyd, successively Bishop of 
 St. Asaph, Lichfield, and Worcester, was also descended from Cadwgan. 
 
 Owen Wynn, only son of Hugh Gwyn of Mwsoglen, was eleventh in descent from 
 levan Wyddel. He married in 1628, Grace, daughter of Sir William Glynne of 
 Glynllifon, but died without issue, and the male line of that family became extinct. 
 His sister, Elizabeth, by her marriage with Hugh Owen, Esq. of Bodeon, conveyed the 
 Mwsoglen estate into that family (Dwmt's Vis., ii., p. 208.) 
 
 Eva, daughter of Llywarch ab Brin, became the second wife of the celebrated 
 Ednyfed Vychan, minister of Llewelyn the Great, and by whom he had six sons, namely 
 Sir Tudor, who had Plas yn Nant and Llangynhafal ; Rees, who had Garth Garmon ; 
 Howell, who became Bishop of St. Asaph ; Llewelyn and Cynfrig, who had the Creuddyn ; 
 and lorwerth, who had Abermarlais (Dwrni's Vis., i., p. 331.) 
 
 The latter was the ancestor of the renowned Sir Rhys ab Thomas of Dinevor (see 
 ante, p. 132.) David Goch, his contemporary, another redoubtable warrior and a famous 
 swordsman, who was killed by Sir Rhys's father, Thomas ab Griffith, in a desperate 
 hand to hand encounter at Pennal, Merionethshire, also belonged to this tribe 
 (L. G. CotMs Works, p. 141.) 
 
 Tangwystl, another daughter, married Llywarch Goch, lord of Rhos and Meiriadog, 
 and had issue, Llywarch Fychan the ancestor of Jones of Llyfnant, Ddol and Ruthin in 
 Denbighshire (Hist. Powys Fadog, iv., p. 323.) 
 
i8o 
 
 The old family of Meredith of Monachdy Gwyn, Clynog fawr, Carnarvonshire, now 
 extinct were of this tribe. Meurig Meredith the last heir male, left an only daughter 
 and heiress, Anna Maria, who married first, John Mostyn, Esq. of Segrwyd (of which 
 marriage came the Mostyns of Llawesog) ; and secondly, Watkin Edwards Wynn, Esq. 
 of Pengwern, Merioneth, and Llwyn, Denbighshire, by whom she had no issue. She 
 died in 1828 (Hist. Powys Fadog, iv., p. 382.) 
 
 Catherine, daughter and heiress of Ellis Lloyd, the last male representative of the 
 old family of Rhiwgoch, Trawsfynydd, of this tribe, married Henry Wynn, son of Sir 
 John Wynn of Gwydir (see ante, p. 9), and was the mother of Sir John Wynn, Bart. 
 of Wynnstay, in whom, dying without issue, the title ended. 
 
 The following families also extinct, according to Pennant, belonged to this tribe : — 
 Lloyd of Maesyneuadd ; Wynn and Lloyd of Hendre'r mur, Merionethshire ; Lloyds 
 of Brynhir or Brynkir, Coed y rhygyn, Llandecwyn, Cefnfaes and Cae Adda ; Meredith 
 of Hafod Lwyfog ; Parry of Bodafon, Anglesey (Dwnii's Vis., ii., p. 264) ; and Owen 
 of Ruthin ; also the old families of Garregfawr, Amlwch fDwnti's Vis., ii., p. 264) ; 
 Rhosgolyn fib. 266) ; Twrcelyn fib. 267) ; and Lloyd of Tymarian Heilyn, 
 Llanddyfnan fib. 268.)—^^. 
 
 III.— GWEIRYDD AP RHYS GOCH. 
 
 He was of the hundred of Talybolion in Anglesey, and dvs^elt 
 at Cardegog: The hamlets and tenements thereof to this day 
 bear the names of his children and grandchildren, as Gwely 
 Madoc ap Gweirydd, Gwely Llywarch ap Gweirydd, Gwely Howel 
 ap Gweirydd, Gwely Meuric ap Gweirydd, whose great grandchild 
 Howel ap levan ap Ednyfed ap Meuric ap Gweirydd enjoyed 
 Gwely Meuric in the twenty-sixth of Edward the Third, as 
 appears by the Extent of North Wales, of whom are descended 
 Pierce Lloyd of Gwaredog, Esq. ; Edward Wynn of Bodewrid, 
 Esq. ; and Owen Hughes of Beaumaris, Esq. ; and many more. 
 He beareth argent on a bend sable three lions heads caboshed 
 of the first. He lived in the time of Owen Gwynedd. 
 
i8i 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Gweirydd ap Rhys Goch flourished about the commencement of the 
 twelfth century. 
 
 The families above named are stated by Pennant to be all extinct, or extant only in 
 the female line, in his time, but he names one, namely, that of Foulkes of Gwernygron, 
 Flintshire, as still extant in the male line. Pierce Lloyd, Esq. of Gwaredog, was 
 Sheriff for Anglesey in 1595 and 1603. His first wife was Maud, daughter of William 
 Hanmer, Esq., great grandson of Sir David Hanmer, Justice of the King's Bench 
 (1383-1386), whose daughter, Margaret, married the renowned Owen Glyndwr. His 
 son. Pierce Lloyd, Esq. of Llugwy, was Sheriff in 1612. His descendant, Thomas 
 Lloyd, Esq., died without legitimate issue, and the estate was sold after his death to 
 Sir William Irby, Bart., afterwards Lord Boston. (Dwnnh Vis., ii., p. 198.) The 
 estate of Bodewrid became united in the latter half of the seventeenth century to that 
 of Penrhos, by the marriage of Ann, daughter of Edward Wynn to Hugh Owen, Esq. 
 ("li.J Margaret, daughter of lorwerth ab leuan Lloyd (eighth in descent from 
 Gweirydd) married William ab leuan of Bryn Gwallanog, Anglesey, the ancestor of 
 Sir William Williams, Speaker of the House of Commons (ante, p. 10 1), and through 
 him of the Williams's of Bodelwyddan, and the Wynns of Wynnstay (lb. p. 266.) 
 
 IV.— CILMIN TROED-DU. 
 
 He lived in the time of Merfyn Frych, King of Man, being his 
 brother's son, with vi^hom he came from the North of Britain, 
 when Merfyn married Esyllt, the daughter and heir of Conan 
 Tindaethwy, King of the Britons. His posterity were wise and 
 discreet men in all their ages, and many of them learned in 
 the laws and judges under the kings and princes of Wales, as 
 Morgene Ynad ap Gwydr, and Cyfnerth his son, whose lawbook 
 is yet extant, fairly written on parchment, Morgeneu Ynad ap 
 Madog, Morgan Ynad ap Meuric, and Madog Coch Ynad.^ 
 Robert ap Meredydd ap Hwlcyn Llwyd, a wise gentleman, lived 
 in the time of Henry the Seventh, and of him are descended 
 
l82 
 
 the Gly-nns of Nantlle; Sir William Glynn, Knight, of Glynllifon, 
 father of Thomas Glynn of Glynllifon, Esq., and of Sir John 
 Glynn,* Knight, Serjeant at law, now living ; the Glynns of 
 Lleyar, &c. Cilmin dwelt at Glynllifon, from whence the 
 gentlemen aforesaid took the name of Glynne. He beai:eth 
 quarterly, first, argent, an eagle displayed with two heads sable; 
 second, argent, three fiery ragged sticks gules ; the third as the 
 second, the fourth as the first. Over all upon an escutcheon 
 argent, a man's leg^ couped a-la-cuise sable. 
 
 1 A judge. 
 
 ^ He was of Bicester, of Oxfordshire, and of Hawarden in Flintshire, and one of 
 the Judges (if not Chief Justice) of the Common Pleas. Prior to him there occurs a 
 William Glyn, Serjeant at Law, of the house of Glynllifon [near Carnarvon], now 
 the seat of Lord Newborough. 
 
 ^ Hence arose the whimsical mistake in representing the sign of the principal Inn at 
 Carnarvon, which is now painted and called the Boot ; whereas, without doubt, it was 
 originally meant to hold out this armorial bearing as above blazoned, the house having 
 always belonged to the estate of Glynllifon. The family arms have at all times been 
 used as the signs of Inns ; and this alone can account for such appearances as Dragons, 
 Bears, Lions, Spread Eagles, &c., hung out over doors, so little indicatory of what is 
 expected within. 
 
 [ADDENDA.]— Cilmin Troed-du or ("the black foot") flourished about 830. His 
 foot became so discoloured, according to the legend, in escaping from an evil spirit, 
 whose books he had assisted a magician to steal. In leaping over a brook, which was 
 to be the limit of the pursuit, Cilmin's left leg plunged into the water and assumed its 
 black colour (Pennants Tours, ii., p. 391.) He is said to have been supreme judge of 
 North Wales. 
 
 The wife of Robert ab Meredydd ab Hwlcyn Llwyd, the ancestor of the Glyn's, was 
 Catrin, daughter of William ab Jenkin, descended from Osbwrn Wyddel (Dwrni's Vis., 
 ii., p. 149, and ante, p. 16, fioie.J Extracts are given from Robert ab Meredydd's Will 
 in Arc/i. Canib., 1883, p. 14. 
 
i83 
 
 Thomas Glyn, Esq. of Nantlle, was sheriff for Carnarvonshire in 1627, and died in 
 1659. He had several children, but the family is supposed to be now extinct (DwnrCs 
 Vis., ii., p. 149.) 
 
 The Glyn's of Bryngwdion, were another branch. Richard Glyn, Esq. of Bryngwdion, 
 was Sheriff for Carnarvonshire in 1634, and his Will was proved in 1642. His son, 
 William Glyn, married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Richard Evans of Eleirnion, 
 descended from Rhys ab Tewdwr (founder of the second Royal Tribe.) This family 
 became extinct in the male line about the close of the seventeenth century (Arch. 
 Camb., 1876, p. 180.) 
 
 The fine old church of Clynog, Carnarvonshire, contains monuments to several 
 members of the family of Glynne of Lleuar. William Glyn, Esq. of that place, died 
 in 1660. His daughter and heiress, Mary, married Col. George Twisleton, and their 
 granddaughter and eventual heiress of the estate, became the wife of Captain William 
 Ridsdale, who sold the estates of his wife to Sir Thomas Wynn of Glynllifon, and was 
 killed at Dettingen in 1743 fDwnii's Vis., ii., p. 150.) 
 
 The Glyns of Glynllifon, ended in an heiress, Frances, daughter of John Glyn, Esq., 
 who married Thomas .Wynn, Esq. of Boduan, and conveyed to him the Glynllifon 
 estate. He was created a Baronet in 1742, and was the great grandfather of the 
 present Lord Newborough. 
 
 The distinguished lawyer. Sir John Glynne, Serjeant at Law above referred to, was 
 born at Glynllifon in 1602, and by his ability, gained a prominent position at the bar. 
 He took the popular side, and was one of the most active in prosecuting Strafford. In 
 due time he was appointed Chief Justice during the Commonwealth. After the 
 Restoration, being " wise and discreet," he managed to gain favour with Charles the 
 Second, who not only knighted him, but bestowed on him the honour of prime 
 Serjeant, and created his eldest son a Baronet. Sir John Glynne purchased the 
 Hawarden Castle estate. He died in 1666. The late Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, 
 the ninth Baronet, was his lineal descendant. He died in 1874 without issue, when 
 the title became extinct, and the estates came into the possession of his sister, Catherine, 
 wife of that distinguished statesman, orator, scholar, and writer the Right Hon. 
 William Ewart Gladstone, M.P., the late Prime Minister. 
 
 The Glyns of Ewell, Surrey (now represented by Sir George Turbervill Glyn, Bart.), 
 and of Gaunts, Dorsetshire (whose present representative is Sir Richard George 
 Glyn, Bart.), are both descended from the Rev. Richard Glyn, Rector of Llanfaethlu 
 in 1587, a younger son of William Glyn of Glynllifon (Burke's Peerage and 
 Baronetage.) — Ed. 
 
1 84 
 
 v.— COLLWYN AP TANGNO. 
 
 He is said to be Lord of Eifionydd, Ardudwy, and part of 
 Ll;J'n, and it is true that his progeny and posterity do to this 
 day, possess and enjoy most of the said country. His grand- 
 children Asser, Meirion, and Gwgan, the sons of Merwydd ap 
 CoUwyn, lived in the beginning of Griffith ap Cynan's reign, as 
 by the life of Griffith ap Cynan is manifest, whereby may be 
 known what time he lived and flourished. It is said he dwelt 
 some time in Bronwen's tower at Harlech, calling the same town 
 from his own name Caer Collwyn. But his said children, when 
 Griffith ap Cynan first challenged the principality of Wales, 
 lived in Ll;^n, as in the said book of his life is extant. 
 Collwyn's posterity were always the noblest and best men in 
 Eifionydd and Ardudwy, next to the Princes and their issue. 
 His heir, from eldest son to eldest, is hard to be known, in 
 regard that by the British laws, every man's inheritance was to 
 be divided between his children, and the youngest had the 
 principal house, whereby every one having an equal portion of 
 their parent's lands, their posterity was forgotten. Collwyn ap 
 Tangno beareth sable between three flower-de-luces, a cheveron 
 argent. Sir Hywel y Fwyall descended of Collwyn, was a 
 noble warrior and was in the battle of Poictiers with the 
 Black Prince, when the French King was taken prisoner, 
 where with his pole-axe he behaved himself so valiantly that 
 the prince made him a Knight, and allowed a mess of meat to 
 be served before his axe or partizan for ever in perpetual 
 memory of his good service ; which mess of meat after his 
 
i85 
 
 death, was carried down to be given to the poor for his soul's 
 sake, and the said mess had eight yeomen attendants found at 
 the King's charge, which were afterwards called yeomen of the 
 Crown, who had eight pence a day of standing wages, and lasted 
 to the beginning of Queen Elizabeth (as by the relation of 
 Serjeant Roberts of Hafod y Bwch, near Wrexham, and Robert 
 Turbridge of Cae'r Fallen, near Ruthin, Esq., is recorded in the 
 history of the noble house of Gwydir). Besides this he had 
 the constableship of the Castle of Cricciaith,^ where he kept 
 house, and the rent of Dee Mills at Chester, for the term of 
 his life. His father was Gruffudd ap Howel ap Meredydd ap 
 Einion ap Gwganen ap Merwydd ap Collwyn. His arms were 
 sable between three flower-de-luces a pole-axe argent} 
 
 ^ Cricciaith, though a contributory borough to Carnarvon, and governed by a Mayor 
 and two Bailiffs, consists of a few miserable houses. The ruins of the Castle, which is 
 boldly situated on a tongue of land jutting out into the sea, alone can claim the 
 traveller's attention, and hereafter to any person who reading this may connect it with 
 the history of Sir Howel, his mess and his pole-axe, it may, perhaps, become an object 
 of more curious enquiry. [Criccieth has lately become a favourite watering place on 
 account of the mildness and salubrity of its climate. The Commissioners appointed in 
 1876 to inquire into Municipal Corporations, reported that Criccieth had long ceased 
 to be one. — Ed^ 
 
 " To the head of this tribe, Sir John Vaughan, Knight, of Crosswood or Trawscoed 
 in Cardiganshire, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, traced his lineage, as thus : 
 Sir John Vaughan ap Edward ap Evan ap Richard ap Morris ap levan ap Llewelin ap 
 Adda ap Meredydd ap Adda ap Llewelin ap Griffith ap Eynon ap Kadifor ap Collwyn 
 ap Tangno. The present Lord Lisburne is a descendant of Sir John Vaughan [see ante, 
 p. 97, «ofe.] 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Collwyn ab Tangno was descended from Cunedda Wledig, and 
 flourished about the beginning of the eleventh century. He married Modlan Benllydan, 
 granddaughter of Gwaethfoed Fawr of Powys, gread grandfather of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, 
 
 Y 
 
1 86 
 
 by whom he had five sons, Ednowen, Merwydd Goch, Einion, Ednyvet, and Cadifor. 
 He had also a son, Cynan, by another wife. Einion was the ancestor of the famous 
 poet, Rhys Goch Eryri, who flourished about the year 1400, and lived on his own estate 
 at Hafod Garregog, Beddgelert ; also of Robert of Lygun, another eminent bard. 
 Cadifor was, as already stated, the ancestor of the Vaughans of Crosswood, now represented 
 by the Earl of Lisburne. The following are some of the chief families, besides those 
 already mentioned, belonging to this tribe. 
 
 Wynn of Bodvel and Gwydir. John Wynn, Esq. of Bodvel, for his distinguished 
 services as standard bearer in the battle of Norwich in 1549, obcained a grant of the 
 Isle of Bardsey (which still belongs to his descendants), and of the Abbot of Bardsey's 
 demesne house near Aberdaron. His son Hugh assumed the name of Bodvel or Bodville, 
 and his great granddaughter, Sarah Bodville, coheiress of the estate, on failure of the 
 male line, married Viscount Bodmin, son of John, Earl of Radnor. Mary, the other 
 coheiress, married Hugh Cholmondeley, Esq., and their son, Robert, was raised to the 
 peerage of Ireland as Viscount Cholmondeley of the second creation. From him is 
 lineally descended the present Marquess of Cholmondeley. Sir Thomas Wynn, Bart. 
 (Equerry to George the Second), descended from Thomas Wynn, Esq. of Boduan or 
 Bodvean, youngest son of the above named John Wynn, married Frances, daughter 
 and at last heiress of John Glynn, Esq., and so acquired the Glynllifon estate (see 
 ante, p. 184). His grandson Sir Thomas Wynn, Bart., was, in 1776, created Baron 
 Newborough in the peerage of Ireland. The present peer is his third son (Burke's 
 Peerage) . 
 
 Bodwrda of Bodwrda. The male line of this family became extinct on the death of 
 Hugh Bodwrda, Esq., Sheriff for Carnarvonshire in 1687. His daughter and heiress, 
 Mary, carried the estate to her husband, George Coytmore, Esq. of Coytmore. Their 
 granddaughter and heiress, Mary Coytmore, married Edward Philip Pugh, Esq. of 
 Penrhyn, and had an only son, James Coytmore Pugh, Esq., who died without issue, 
 and whose sister and heiress, Bridget, married in 1766, Col. Glynne Wynn, brother of 
 the first Lord Newborough {Dwnii's Vis., ii., p. 248), by whom she had three sons who 
 died issueless, and one daughter, Bridget, who married John Percival, fourth Earl 
 of Egmont. 
 
 Wynn of Pennardd. Mary, daughter and heiress of Hugh Wynn, Gent, of 
 Pennardd, married Love Parry, Esq. of Cefn Llanfair, whose desciendant. Sir Thomas 
 Love Buncombe Jones Parry, Bart., now represents this family fib., p. 172). 
 
 Ellis, Bronyfoel and Ystumllyn. Margaret, the heiress of this family, married 
 Griffith Wynn, Esq. of Penyberth, whose family also belonged to this tribe. She died 
 in 1712, and he in 1719. Their descendants for three generations held the property, 
 but it has since repeatedly changed hands fib., p. 93). In 1837, the Ystumllyn estate 
 was sold to the late Rowland Jones, Esq. of Broom Hall, to which place the portrait 
 
i87 
 
 and coat of arms of Sir Howel y Fwyall was removed from Ystumllyn ( Camb. Journal 
 i860, p. 261.) It now belongs to Owen Lloyd Jones Evans, Esq., also maternally 
 descended from Collwyn. 
 
 Wynn of Gwynfryn. This family ended in an heiress, Mary, daughter of 
 John Wynn, Esq., who, about the middle of the seventeenth century, married 
 David Ellis, Esq. of Bodychen, descended from Hvv^fa ab Cynddelw, fourth in descent 
 from whom was David Ellis Nanney, Esq., named ante, p. 176 fJDwmi's Vis., ii., 
 pp. 96 and 171.) 
 
 Vaughan, Aberkin. John Vaughan, Esq. of Aberkin, the last male representative 
 of this family, died in 1730, leaving a daughter and coheiress, Ellen, who married the 
 Rev. Griffith Williams, and their daughter, Ellinor, inherited the estate. She, in 1744, 
 married William Wynn, Esq. of Wern, and their grandson, William Wynn, Esq. of 
 Peniarth, succeeded to the property. He sold the Aberkin estate about 1821, to Lord 
 Newborough's Trustees fib., p. 182.) 
 
 Vaughan of Talhenbont and Plas hen. Of this family was Dr. Richard Vaughan, 
 Bishop of Bangor, Chester, and London, who died in 1607. By the marriage of Ann, 
 daughter and heiress of Richard Vaughan, Esq. of Plas hen, with William 
 Vaughan, Esq. of Corsygedol, the two estates were united. The Vaughans of 
 Corsygedol, became extinct in the male line (see ante, p. 17), upon the death in 1791, of 
 Evan Lloyd Vaughan, Esq., M.P. for Merioneth. They are now represented in the 
 female line by Lord Mostyn (Ibid. J Of this family also was Dr. Henry Rowlands, 
 the eminent Bishop of Bangor, 1598-1615 ; whose munificent charities included the 
 founding of a grammar school at Bottwnog, and of two fellowships at Jesus College, 
 Oxford f2b. p. 183.) 
 
 Owen, Plasdu or Pencoed, Llanarmon, Lleyn. Of this family was John Owen, the 
 famous Epigrammatist, who died in 1622, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral 
 fib. p. 180.) 
 
 Jones, Castellmarch, Lleyn. Sir William Jones, Knight, Chief Justice of the King's 
 Bench, Ireland, and afterwards Justice of the same Court in England, was of this family. 
 He died 6th December, 1640, and was buried in Lincoln's Inn Chapel. His grand- 
 daughter, Margaret, heiress of Castellmarch, married Sir William Williams, Bart, of 
 Vaenol, whose grandson, in a drunken fit, bequeathed both estates to Sir Bourchier 
 Wrey and his brother for life, with remainder to William the Third. They were 
 granted afterwards by Queen Anne to the Right Hon. John Smith, Speaker of the 
 House of Commons, in whose family they still remain (Nicholas's County Families. J 
 
 Edwards, Nanhoron, claim descent from Sir Howel y Fwyall. Captain Timothy 
 Edwards, great grandfather of the present owner of Nanhoron, Francis William Lloyd 
 Edwards, Esq., was a very distinguished naval officer (Nicholas's Comity Families.) 
 
i88 
 
 Evans, Tanybwlch. Catherine, eldest daughter and eventually heiress of Evan 
 Evans, Esq., married Robert GrufFudd, Esq. of Bach y saint, Carnarvonshire. Their 
 descendant, Evan GrufFydd, Esq., left a daughter and heiress, Margaret, who married 
 William Oakeley, Esq., from whom the present owner is descended fDwnn's 
 Vis., ii., p. 224.) 
 
 Rhydderch, Tregayan, Anglesey. John Prytherch, Esq., the last male representative 
 of this family, married Ann, daughter and heir of John Roberts, Esq. of Cwmister, and 
 left an only daughter and heir, Ann, who, by her marriage with the Rev. Dr. Edmunds 
 of Aber, left an only daughter, Margaret Edmunds, who married Robert Lloyd, Esq. 
 of Gunys, Carnarvon. Their son, Robert Lloyd, Esq. of Tregayan, Vice Admiral R.N., 
 left an only daughter, Margaret Hooper, who married Thomas Jones Parry, Esq. of 
 Llwynon (Burke's Landed Gentry.) Their grandson, Thomas Edward John 
 Lloyd, Esq., the present owner assumed the name of Lloyd, on succeeding to his great 
 grandfather's property (Nicholas's County Families.) 
 
 Madryn of Madryn. William Madryn, Esq. of Madryn, sold this estate about the 
 close of the seventeenth century, and this family has long been extinct in the male line 
 { Dwnn^s Vis., ii., p. 177.) 
 
 Pennant speaks of Williams of Aberarch, Carnarvonshire, as being extant in his time. 
 Also of the following as being extinct besides those above named : Wynn, Pant du ; 
 Wynn, Bodsannan ; Lloyd, Bodfari ; Lloyd, Gardd; Lloyd, Dol penrhyn (Dwnn^s 
 Vis., ii. p. 281) ; and Owen, Maentwrog. — Ed. 
 
 VI.— NEFYDD HARDD. 
 
 He was of Nant Conway, and lived in the time of Owain 
 Gwynedd, who gave Idwal his son to be foster'd by him ; but 
 he, for what reason I know not, caused Dunawt his son to kill 
 the young prince at a place called of him, Cwm Idwal ;. 
 wherefore Nefydd and his posterity were degraded, and of 
 gentlemen were made bondmen. His son, Rhyn, to expiate 
 that foul murther, gave the lands whereon the church of Llanrwst 
 
1 89 
 
 was built, whose grandchild^ was steward to Llewelin ap lorwerth, 
 prince of Wales, Doctor William Morgan, Bishop of St. Asaph, 
 who assisted in the translation of the Bible, was lineally descended 
 of him. He dwelt at Cryg-nant, Llanrwst. He beareth argent 
 three spear's heads, imbrued sable pointed upwards.^ 
 
 * In the Churchyard of Llanrwst there is this inscription on his grave-stone : " Yma 
 rwyfi yn gorwedd Madoc ap lorwerth ap Gwrgeneu Pen Ystiwart Arglwydd Cymru." 
 [Here I lie, Madog ap lorwerth ap Gwrgeneu, Chief Steward of the Lord of Wales. 
 This Madog is generally called Madog Goch. — Ed."] 
 
 ^ Other authorities give, argent a chevron between three javelins sable pointed 
 upwards gules. — Ed. 
 
 [ADDENDA.]— Nefydd Hardd, or " the handsome " flourished about the middle of 
 the twelfth century, and was lineally descended from Cunedda Wledig. He dwelt at 
 Crygnant, Llanrwst. 
 
 Of this tribe came the families of Morgan, Gwibernant ; Evans, Llanrwst ; and 
 Davies, Coedymynydd, all of which are extinct in the male line (Pennant.) The first 
 of these produced that eminent and good prelate Dr. William Morgan already referred 
 to ante, p. 90 ; Bishop of LlandafF in 1595, and translated in 1601 to St. Asaph, whose 
 great work was the translation of the Bible into Welsh. He was an excellent scholar. 
 He died on the 10th September, 1604, at St. Asaph, where he was interred the following 
 day. See the interesting correspondence between him and Sir John Wynn of Gwydir, 
 ante, pp. 134 to 142. He was also descended from two other tribes, paternally from Hedd 
 MoLWYNOG, and maternally from Marchudd ab Cynan. The first edition of Morgan's 
 Bible is now very scarce. — Ed. 
 
I go 
 
 VII.— MAELOG CRWM. 
 
 He was of Llechv/eddisaf and Creuddyn, and lived in the 
 time of Prince David ap Owain, about the time of our Lord 
 1 1 75, as Sir Thomas William's book averreth. The most famous 
 men descended of him was Sir Thomas Chaloner, and others of 
 that name, whose ancestor Trahaiarn Chaloner was so called 
 because his grandfather Madoc Crwm had lived in a town in 
 France called Chaloner, from whence he took that name. He 
 beareth^ argent on a chevron sable three angels or, by the name 
 of Maeloc Crwm. 
 
 1 I have seen the arms blazoned thus : argent on a chevron sable three angels 
 kneeling with wings displayed or. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Llechwedd isaf and Creuddyn, of which Maelog Crwm (the hunch- 
 back) was lord, are both in Carnarvonshire. He was descended from Helig ab Glannawg 
 (Arch. Camb. 1861, p. 142), whose fine patrimony was overflowed about the commence- 
 ment of the sixth century, and is now known by the name of the Lavan Sands. 
 Others assign to him a different pedigree to Cunedda Wledig. By " the town in 
 France called Chaloner " is probably meant Chalons, — either Chalons-sur-Marne, the 
 capital of the department of Marne ; or Chalons-sur-Saone, the capital of an 
 arrondissement of the department of Saone et Loire. 
 
 Trahaiarn de Chaloner was the son of Gwilym ab Madog ab Maelog Crwm, and took 
 the lord of Chaloner prisoner in France, took possession of his lands and assumed his 
 armorial bearings. He was the ancestor of the Chaloners of Lloran Ganol, Denbigh- 
 shire, and of Chester, both extinct (Hist. Powys Fadog, iv., p. 347.) Also of the 
 Chaloners of Guisborough, Yorkshire, still extant and represented by Lieut-Col. and 
 Admiral Thomas Chaloner, C.B., and others. Sir Thomas Chaloner of this line was 
 a celebrated writer and soldier, who was knighted by the Protector Somerset, at the 
 battle of Musselburgh in 1547 ( Btirkeh Landed Gentry.) Two of his grandsons 
 were members of the Long Parliament, and sat as judges on the trial of Charles the 
 First (Penny Cycl.)—Ed. 
 
191 
 
 VIII.— MARCHUDD AP CYNAN. 
 
 He was Lord of Abergeleu, his house was Brynffanigl, he 
 lived in the time of Rhodri mawr, King of the Britons, about 
 the year of our Lord 846. Of him was Ednyfed Fychan 
 descended, who being general of the prince's host,^ was sent to 
 the marches to defend the frontiers from the approach of the 
 English army, which was ready to invade under the command 
 of Ranulph, Earl of Chester, who met them and killed three 
 of their chiefest captains, and a great many of the common 
 soldiers : the rest he put to flight and triumphantly returned to 
 Prince Llewelin ap lorwerth his Lord, who, in recompence of 
 his good service, gave him, among many gifts, a new coat of 
 arms ; for the coat which he and his ancestors had always 
 given before, was the coat of Marchudd, viz. gules a Saracen's 
 head erazed proper, wreathed or, whereas the new coat was 
 gules between three Englishmen's heads couped a chevron ermin} 
 From the death of the last Prince Llewelin, this man's progeny 
 were the greatest men of any in Wales, as by the works of 
 
 1 Llewelin ap lorwerth, commonly called Llewelin the Great, to whom Ednyfed was 
 Privy Counsellor. 
 
 '^ After this overthrow of the English, Ednyfed Fychan is said to have sung thus : — 
 
 " Llawer bron yn llai i'r brenin ; — heidyw 
 Hawdd i galon chwerthin, 
 Llawer Sais Ueibus Uibin, 
 A'r gro yn do ar ei din." — Ednyfed Fychan ai cint. 
 
 To-day the King is short of many a breast ; 
 Now to the heart 'tis easy to be gay ; 
 The length of many a Saxon licks the ground, 
 Where lies the gravel heaped upon his back. 
 
192 
 
 the bards and other records is yet manifest. If I should go 
 about to reckon all the famous men descended of him, it would 
 far exceed the bounds of my undertaking. Let it suffice to 
 remember Henry the Seventh, Henry the Eighth, Edward the 
 Sixth, and Queen Elizabeth, all which are lineally and paternally 
 descended of Ednyfed Fychan, and he of Marchudd.^ 
 
 1 After this enumeration of crowned heads it may savour a Httle of the Bathos to 
 particularize any descendants of inferior rank, such as Sir William Griffith of Penrhyn, 
 surnamed the liberal, Chamberlain of North Wales, and the Lord Keeper Williams, 
 Archbishop of York, and prior to them Llewelin ab Gwilym of Cryngae, near Newcastle 
 Emlyn, Carmarthenshire, the patron of the Muses in his time, who was murthered at 
 St. Dogmael's, near Cardigan, and whose fate was lamented by his favourite bard, 
 Dafydd ab Gwilym, in a poem to be found in that bard's works lately published, 
 page 459. Of the above, Llewelin ap Gwilym is lineally descended ; a gentleman now 
 living who does honour to his great ancestor by his taste for encouragement of learning, 
 and who himself has not unsuccessfully paid his devotion to the Muses, Maurice 
 Morgan, Esq., the sole surviving representative of the ancient house of Llanbylan, 
 Pembrokeshire. 
 
 N.B. — This gentleman is author of the ingenious Essay on the character of 
 Shakespeare's FalstaiF. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — To begin with royalty, the descent of Henry the Seventh from 
 Griffith ap Cynan, head of the first Royal Tribe, has been already given, ante, p. 73, 
 note. His descent from Marchudd, the founder of this important Tribe, was as 
 follows : — Henry the Seventh was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond by 
 his wife, Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John, Duke of Somerset, and granddaughter 
 of John of Gaunt ; Edmund Tudor was the son of Sir Owen Tudor of Penmynydd, 
 Anglesey, by Catherine of Valois, Queen and widow of Henry the Fifth. He was 
 beheaded and buried at Hereford after the battle of Mortimer's Cross in 1461. Besides 
 Edmund, who predeceased him, he had issue, Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke (who 
 died without issue) ; Owen Tudor, who became a monk ; and Tacina Tudor, wife of 
 Reginald, Lord Grey de Wilton. Sir Owen Tudor was the son of Meredith, the son of 
 Tudor, the son of Goronwy, the son of Tudor, the son of Goronwy, the son of Ednyfed 
 Fychan, who was ninth in direct descent from Marchudd the head of this Tribe. 
 
193 
 
 Ednyfed Fychan, the able general and minister of Prince Llewelyn, lived about 1220, 
 chiefly at Tregarnedd, near Llangefni, Anglesey, but occasionally also at Llys Bryn 
 Eurin, near Abergele. He was twice married ; first, to Gwenllian, daughter of the 
 Lord Rhys, grandson of Rhys ab Tewdwr, founder of the second Royal Tribe, by 
 whom he had Gruffudd of Henglawdd ; Goronwy, Lord of Trecastle, Anglesey (ancestor 
 of the Tudors) ; Gwenllian and Angharad ; secondly, to Eva, daughter of Llywarch 
 AB Bran, who brought him Tudor, who had Nant and Llangynhafal ; Howell, who 
 became Bishop of St. Asaph ; Llewelyn and Cynwrig, who had the Creuddyn ; Rees, 
 who had Garth Garmon ; and lorwerth, who had Abermarlais, and was the ancestor 
 in the maternal line of the redoubtable Sir Rhys ab Thomas (DwntCs Vis., i., p. 331 ; 
 and ii., p. loi). 
 
 From the above, it will be seen that the Tudors were descended from no less than 
 three of the Royal and Noble Tribes of Wales. Sir Owen Tudor's first cousin, Morfydd, 
 heiress of Penmynydd, married Gwilym ab GrufFydd of Cochwillan and Penrhyn, also 
 a direct descendant from Ednyved Fychan, from whom lineally descended the Tudors, 
 Theodors, and Owens of Penmynydd, the last of whom, Margaret, the heiress of the 
 estate, married Coningsby Williams, Esq., M.P., who died without issue in 1707, where- 
 upon her aunt, Mary, wife of Rowland Bulkeley, Esq. of Porthamel, inherited the 
 property. Their daughter and heiress, Jane, wife of Richard Meyrick, Esq. of 
 Bodorgan, also died without issue. The last descendant, male or female of the once 
 powerful and illustrious family of Tudor, which supplied England with a race of Kings, 
 is supposed to have been a humble individual named Moses Tudor, who kept a little 
 school at Gaerwen in Anglesey, and who died in 1793. Penmynydd was sold in 1722 
 to Viscount Bulkeley, and now forms part of the Baron Hill estate (Arch. Camb. 1869, 
 p. 379, where a very full account may be found of Penmynydd and the Tudors). 
 
 Gwilym ab GrufFydd was also the direct ancestor of Sir William Griffith of Penrhyn, 
 above-named. Sir William was twice married, and had five sons and ten daughters, 
 who married into some of the best Welsh and Cheshire families, and whose descendants 
 are to this day very numerous. Pyrs GrufFydd (Sir William's grandson), bought and 
 fitted out a ship at his own expense, and was present at the defeat of the Spanish 
 Armada. He also accompanied Drake and Raleigh in a subsequent expedition against 
 the Spaniards, but falling into pecuniary difficulties, his estate of Penrhyn was sold in 
 1616, but in 1622 was purchased again by Lord Keeper Williams, who himself was a 
 descendant through a female from its former possessors. Pyrs GrufFydd was buried in 
 Westminster Abbey in 1628. The Penrhyn estate continued for several generations in 
 the Williams family. Upon the death without issue of Sir Griffith Williams, Bart., it 
 became vested in his eldest sister, Frances, wife of Lord Edward Russell. She also died 
 without issue, and it passed to her sisters, Anne, wife of Thomas Warburton, Esq., and 
 Gwen, wife of Sir Walter Yonge. Mrs. Warburton's moiety descended to her grand- 
 
 Z 
 
194 
 
 daughter, Susannah Anne Warburton, who, on 6th December, 1765, married Richard 
 Pennant, Esq., afterwards created Lord Penrhyn, by whose father, John Pennant, Esq. 
 (of the line of Tudor Trevor), the other moiety had been purchased from the Tonga 
 family. His lordship died without issue in 1808, when the title became extinct, and by 
 his Will, the estate passed to his cousin, George Hay Dawkins, Esq., who, on the site 
 of the ancient castle of Penrhyn, erected one of the most magnificent modern baronial 
 mansions in these kingdoms. It is now the property of his grandson, the second Lord 
 Penrhyn of the second creation (DwnTi's Vis., ii., p. 168.) 
 
 Of Marchudd's descendants the following families are still extant in the male line : — 
 Wynn of Melai and Maenan Abbey, now represented by Lord Newborough (see ante, 
 p. 186) ; Foulkes of Eriviatt, whose present representative is John Jocelyn Foulkes, Esq. ; 
 Lloyd of Forest, Pontruffydd and Pengwern, now represented by Lord Mostyn fHtst. 
 Powys Fadog, v., p. 300) ; Wynn of Coed Coch and Trefarth or Trofarth, represented 
 by Henry John Lloyd Wynn, Esq. of Coed Coch fib., p. 322) ; Griffith of Garreglwyd, 
 represented by Miss Conway Griffith, of Garreglwyd ; Williams of Marl, a branch of 
 the Cochwillan family, now represented by Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, Bart, of 
 Baron Hill ; Williams of Ystumcolwyn, another branch of the same family now 
 represented by Rhys Buckley Williames, Esq. of Pennant, Montgomeryshire ; and 
 Morgan of Golden Grove, Flintshire, now represented by George Augustus 
 Morgan, Esq. of that place (Dwnn^s Vis., ii., p. 297). 
 
 The following appear to be extinct or merged in other families through inter- 
 marriage : — Wynne of Garthewin, who became extinct in the male line on the death 
 (30th November, 1844) of Lieut. Col. R. William Wynn ; Wynn of Dyffryn Aled, whose 
 heiress, Diana, was married to Philip Yorke, Esq. of Erthig, author of The Royal 
 Tribes of Wales, and his family is now represented by Pierce Wynne Yorke, Esq. of 
 Dyffryn Aled, and Simon Yorke, Esq. of Erthig ; Lloyd of Gydros ; Roberts of 
 Gwysaney ; Lloyd of Dol Edeyrn ( Dwnnh Vis., ii., p. 253) ; Lloyd of Trebul ; 
 Vaughan of Henblas and Bronheulog ; Llewelyn of Llanelian ; Jones of Maesygarnedd, 
 of whom was Col. Jones "the Regicide" (Byegones, 1872-3) ; Jenkin of Efenechtyd ; 
 Howel of Maelienydd ; Griffith of Festiniog ; Dr. William Hughes, bishop of St. 
 Asaph, whose daughter and heiress married a member of the Mostyn family fDwmi's 
 Vis., ii., p. 299) ; Smith, Chancellor of St. Asaph ; Wynn of Giler (Hist. Powys 
 Fadog, v., p. 393) ; Hughes of Cefnygarlleg and Prestatyn ; Conway of Nant ; Lloyd 
 of Kinmael, whose heiress married a Holland, and after some generations, the heiress of 
 Kinmael (a Holland) married Sir John Carter, one of Cromwell's officer's (see ante 
 p. 113, note) ; Lloyd of Plymog (see ante, p. 109, note) ; Anwyl of Garth Garmon 
 (Hist. Powys Fadog, v., p. 301) ; Williams of Cochwillan, Vaynol, and Meillionydd, one 
 of the greatest families in Carnarvonshire in its day, who intermarried with the powerful 
 families of Wynn of Gwydir, Salesbury of Denbigh, &c. The elder branch of 
 
195 
 
 Cochwillan has been extinct for many generations. One of its most distinguished 
 members was the redoubtable Lord Keeper Williams, already referred to, who was in 
 great favour with James the First and Charles the First. He was promoted to the 
 Bishopric of Lincoln in 1621, and translated to the Archbishopric of York, 4th De- 
 cember, 1 64 1. He died 25th March, 1650. The extinction of the Vaenol branch has 
 already been shewn (ante, p. 187) ; and the Meillionydd branch ended in Sir Robert 
 Williames Vaughan, Bart., who died in 1859. The learned Dr. John Davies of Mallwyd, 
 was also of this tribe, see ante, p. 93. — Ed. 
 
 IX.— HEDD MOLWYNOG. 
 
 He was of Uwch Aled in Denbighshire, his lands and Lordships 
 were Llanfair Talhaiarn, Dyffryn Elwy, and Nant Aled, the which 
 his three sons, Menter, Gwillonon, and Gwrgi divided, whose 
 posterity have enjoyed and still do enjoy some part of them, 
 even to our time. Rhys ap levan ap Llywelin Chwith of 
 Chwibren, was an Esquire of the body to King Edward the 
 Fourth, who, with his cousin german David Jenkin, were both 
 very unruly in the Lancastrian war. Meurick Llwyd of Llwyny- 
 maen, near Oswestry, a descendant of Hedd Molwynog, was a 
 valiant captain under the Earl of Arundel, who, by his prowess, 
 achieved a very noble coat of arms, viz. argent an eagle 
 displayed with two heads sable. And here I think lolo Goch, 
 Owain Glyndwr's bard, whose mother was the Countess of 
 Lincoln (as Griffith Hiraethog saith), may well bear a place 
 among the worthies descended from this line, who, for his lofty 
 strain and singular skill in the British poetry, was, and is as 
 as famous and renowned as any that hath been these four 
 hundred years ; and also Tudur Aled, another learned bard and 
 
196 
 
 a doctor of the Chair in his profession. But their works which 
 are still preserved will better speak for them. The arms given 
 by this tribe are sable a hart passant argent attired or. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Hedd Molwynog was descended from Rhodri Mawr, King of all Wales, 
 and flourished during the latter half of the twelfth century. He lived at Henllys, in 
 the parish of Llanfair Talhaiarn, Denbighshire, where the site of his palace may still be 
 seen ; and in Pennant's time, a field called " Maes y Bendithion " (the field of blessings), 
 marked the spot where the poor received his alms. He was steward to Prince David 
 ab Owen Gwynedd {1170-1195), whom he assisted to carry fire and sword through 
 England, even to the walls of Coventry. 
 
 The descendants of Hedd Molwynog in the male line are supposed to be all extinct 
 at the present day. The most important, perhaps, of the families that have become 
 extinct was that of Lloyd of Hafodunos (near Abergele). The founder of this house 
 was Bleddyn ap Bleddyn Fychan, who, according to Pennant, first assumed the name 
 of Llwyd, and " peopled North "Wales with Llwyds." Meurig Llwyd, referred to in the 
 text, was his son. He, resenting the injuries which he and his tenants received from the 
 English judges and officers, slew one of the first, and hanged several of the latter, on 
 the oaks of his woods, by which he forfeited to the Crown his lands. He secured his 
 life by taking refuge within a santuary at Halston. He afterwards placed himself under 
 the protection of the Earl of Arundel, and was made captain over a band of soldiers, 
 with whom he joined the Crusades. He had a command at the Siege of Acre, where 
 he distinguished himself in recovering from the enemy the standard of the Emperor, 
 by whom he was rewarded with a new coat of arms as stated above. On his return to 
 Wales, he married Annesta, heiress of Llwynymaen and Llanforda, and was the 
 progenitor of the Lloyds of those places and of Drenewydd (Whittington), Blaen lal, 
 and Blaen y Ddol. Edward Llwyd, the eminent Welsh antiquary fwho died in 1709), 
 was a natural son of Edward Lloyd, the last male representative of the Llanforda branch. 
 The estate had been sold in 1675, to Sir William Williams, Bart., and it still remains 
 the property of his descendant. Sir Herbert Lloyd Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart. 
 
 The last male representative of the Lloyds of Hafod Unos (Hedd Lloyd), died without 
 issue in 1739. His sister, Phoebe Lloyd, heiress of Hafodunos, married Howell 
 Lloyd, Esq. of Wigfair, descended from Ednowain Bendkw (Tribe xiii). Their 
 descendant, the Rev. Thomas Hugh Clough, in 1 830-1, sold Hafodunos to Samuel 
 Sandbach, Esq. 
 
 Geoffrey Lloyd of DyfFryn Erethlyn, was the ancestor of the Lloyds of Palau, near 
 Corwen. Evan Lloyd of Palau, married 12th July, 1591, being then sixteen years of 
 age, and his wife eleven, by whom he had two sons and ten daughters. The male line 
 
197 
 
 ended in 1863 on the death of David Maurice Lloyd, Esq. of Palau, and some years 
 afterwards the Palau estate was sold to Henry Robertson, Esq. (Hist. Powys Fadog, vi., 
 p. 105.) 
 
 The Lloyds of Bach Eurig (Hist. Powys Fadog, iv., p. 183) ; Lloyd of Erw Cynddel 
 fib. p. 184) ; Lloyd of Rhandir fib. p. 388) ; Wynn of Bryn Cynwrig fib.) ; Wynn 
 of Giler fib. v., p. 391) ; and according to Pennant, Parry of Llangernyw ; Griffiths 
 of Bodychwyn ; Griffiths of Hafodygarreg ; Griffiths of Blaen lal ; and Griffiths of 
 Plasnewydd ; to whom may be added the Lloyds of Llansannan, afterwards of Plas 
 Power, and now represented in the female line by T. L. Fitzhugh, Esq. ; were all of 
 this Tribe, but have long been extinct or may be traced now in the female line only. 
 
 lolo Goch, above referred to, was one of the most eminent poets of the Principality. 
 He was lord of Llechryd and resided at Coed Pantwn, Llanefydd, Denbighshire. His 
 stirring Odes roused the spirit of his countrymen against the English during Owen 
 Glyndwr's insurrection. He obtained extreme old age, and was living in 1402, Some 
 of his poems have lately been published by the Cymmrodorion Society. 
 
 Tudur Aled lived at Garth Geri, Llansannan, Denbighshire, and was a Dominican 
 friar. He was a nephew and pupil of Dafydd ab Edmund, another very eminent poet, 
 and flourished from 1480 to 1520. 
 
 Edmund Pr^s, the learned Archdeacon of Merioneth, and one of the most eminent 
 poets of his time, is stated fante, p. 93, note) to have belonged to the Tribe of Marchudd, 
 but according to a pedigree in Dwnn's Vis., ii., p. 285, he descended from Hedd 
 Molwynog. He was born at Gerddi Bluog, Llandecwyn, Merionethshire, about 1541 ; 
 but resided, in after life, at Tyddyn Du, Maentwrog. He composed the Welsh 
 metrical version of the Psalms still in use, and assisted Bishop Morgan in translating the 
 Bible into Welsh. He died in 1624. — Ed. 
 
 X.— BRAINT HIR. 
 
 He was of Is Dulas, and lived about the time of the sons of 
 Roderick the Great. His progeny did not much increase, for 
 there are not many at present known to be descended of him, 
 His arms are vert a Cross Fleury or. 
 
198 
 
 [ADDENDA.]— The time above ascribed to the founder of this Tribe, by Gutyn 
 Owain and others, is the latter half of the ninth century. Rhodri Mawr (Roderick the 
 Great) died in 877. The Welsh Bruts, however (see " Brut Tysilio," Myv. Arch., Gee's 
 Edition, p. 473), say that he lived at a much earlier date, being nephew of Cadwallon, 
 King of North Wales, 630-632 ; that he first distinguished himself in his uncle's 
 service against Edwin, King of Northumberland, but the latter being victorious, he 
 was compelled to flee to Ireland, and thence to Brittany ; that his return to Britain 
 was prevented for some time by Edwin with the help of Pelidys, a Spanish magician ; 
 but that at length, Braint disguised as a vagabond with a staff, in the head of which 
 was a blade of iron, went over and reached York where Edwin held his court, and when 
 the magician came out to distribute alms, Braint slew him with the blade of his staff, 
 and then went to Exeter, where he summoned the Britons to join him, and was thus 
 enabled to recover the country from the Saxons and restore the sovereignty to Cadwallon, 
 who slew Edwin in the battle of Hatfield , 633 /^ Williams's Em. Welshmen. ) There is not, 
 it seems, a single family at the present day that can trace its descent direct through the 
 male line to Braint Hir. Pennant and Yorke (Tracts of Powys) mention the family of 
 Vaughan of Pont y Gwyddyl, now extinct, as belonging to this Tribe. — Ed. 
 
 XL— MARCHWEITHIAN. 
 
 He v^fas called Lord of Isaled, his lands were Carwed Fynydd, 
 Dincadfael, Frees, Berain, Llyweni, Gwytherin, and many other 
 tovi^nships w^ithin the said hundred of Isaled in Denbighshire, as 
 appears by the Extent of the Lordship and Honour of Denbigh, 
 made in the eighth year of Edvirard the Third, at vi^hat time 
 Cynwric Fychan, being the ninth in descent from Marchweithian 
 lived, w^hereby some aim may be made of the time when the 
 head of this tribe flourished. The families descended of him are 
 many, but the most eminent are these: — Berain, now incorporated 
 to the house of Llyweny by the marriage of Catherine, daughter 
 and heir of Tudur ap Robert Fychan of Berain, Esq., with 
 John Salisbury, son and heir of Sir John Salisbury of Llyweni, 
 
199 
 
 Knight, after whose death she married Richard Clough of Den- 
 bigh, Esq., a Hamburgh merchant ; and for her third husband, 
 Moris Wynn of Gwyder, Esq. ; and for her fourth, Edward 
 Thelwall of Plas-y-ward, Esq. Of Marchweithian are likewise 
 descended Wynn of Foelas ; Price of Rhiwlas, whose ancestor, 
 Robert ap Rees, being chaplain to Cardinal Wolsey, was a very 
 great man in the time of Henry the Eighth. Ellis Price of 
 Plis lollin, doctor of laws, who was one of the scholars of 
 Cambridge that disputed with one Throgmorton and other 
 scholars of Oxford and Cambridge, in the year of our Lord, 
 1532, and got the best, as Caius in the first book of the 
 antiquities of Cambridge affirmeth ; Vaughan of Pant Glds, and 
 many others. Marchweithian gave for his arms, gules a lion 
 rampant argent armed azure. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Marchweithian was lineally descended from Coal Godhebog, King of 
 Britain, and lived about the middle of the eleventh century. His palace was at Llyweni 
 in the Vale of Clwyd, now little better than a farmhouse. 
 
 Some particulars have already been given (ante, p. 82, note] respecting the famous 
 Catherine of Berain, her four husbands, and her numerous descendants. Her second, 
 and it seems her favourite husband, Sir Richard Clough, was an eminent merchant and 
 partner of the celebrated Sir Thomas Gresham, who, at his suggestion erected the 
 Royal Exchange. 
 
 Rhys Fawr ab Meredydd, twelfth in descent from Marchweithian, was entrusted with 
 the Standard of England, by the Earl of Richmond, at the Battle of Bosworth, after 
 Sir William Brandon had been prostrated by King Richard the Third, and was, as his 
 name implies a man of great stature. He and his descendants bore gules a lion rampant 
 argent holding in its paws a rose of the second seeded or, stem and leaves proper. 
 He was buried at Ysbytty Ifan Church, Denbighshire, where alabaster effigies of himself 
 and his wife may now be seen. The latter was Lowry, daughter and heiress of Howel 
 ab GrufFydd Goch, Lord of Rhos and Rhufoniog, by whom Rhys had five sons, namely, 
 
200 
 
 Howel, Maurice, Robert, David, and Cadwaladr ; and six daughters, Eva, Gwenhwyfar, 
 Margaret, Annes, Catherine, and Elizabeth (Dwnn's Vis., ii., p. 343). From Rhys 
 Fawr descended the families of Voelas, Rhiwlas, Cerniogau, Pantglas, Giler, and 
 several others. 
 
 Maurice ap Rhys Fawr had two sons, Cadwalader and Robert Wynn Gethin, who 
 obtained Grants from Henry the Eighth, of Voelas, Cerniogau, and other lands. By 
 Deed of Partition in 1546, between them, Cadwalader took Voelas, and Robert, 
 Cerniogau, with their adjacent tenements respectively ( Camh. Journal, 1855, p. i8i). 
 Cadwalader's son, Robert, took the name of Wynn. His lineal descendant, Jane 
 Wynn, daughter and heiress of Watkin Wynne, Esq., was married in 1775 to the 
 Hon. Charles Finch, second son of the Earl of Aylesford, and the estate now belongs 
 to their great grandson. Col. Charles Arthur Wynne Finch. Robert Wynn Gethin of 
 Cerniogau's great granddaughter and heiress of that estate, married Richard Kenrick, Esq. 
 of Woore Manor, whose descendants are now extinct in the male line. The estate was 
 sold to a Mr. Blair, and about 1840, purchased of him by Mr. Wynne of Voelas, whereby 
 the two estates became re-united in the line of their ancient possessors (lb.) The 
 Prices of Gilar also descended from Cadwalader ap Maurice, To this family belonged 
 Robert Price, Baron of the Exchequer and afterwards Chief Justice of the Common 
 Pleas, who successfully opposed the grant by William the Third, to William Bentinck, 
 Earl of Portland, of the Townships of Denbigh, Bromfield, and Yale. He died in 
 1732 (Arch. Camb., i860, p. 121). 
 
 Robert ap Rhys Fawr, Chaplain and Cross bearer to Cardinal Wolsey, obtained a 
 grant of the lands of Cwm Tirmynach and Moch or Boch Rhaiadr, no^v comprised in 
 the estate of Rhiwlas held by his descendants. He was the father of thirteen sons and 
 four daughters, among the former being Dr. Ellis Prys of Plas lolyn ; Cadwaladr of 
 Rhiwlas (ancestor of R, J. Lloyd Price, Esq. of Rhiwlas, near Bala) ; Richard, Abbot 
 of Aberconwy (from whom came the Wynns of Plas Newydd, now extinct) ; Hugh, an 
 Abbot, &c. (Dwiin^s Vis., ii., pp. 229 and 344). Ellis Prys, known as " the Red 
 Doctor," represented Merioneth in three Parliaments, and was Sheriff of that and 
 other Counties no less than fifteen times, namely, of Merioneth eight times, Carnarvon 
 once, Anglesey twice, and Denbigh four times. He obtained grants from the Crown, 
 of lands of the Knights Hospitallers in Yspytty Ifan. Pennant describes him as "a 
 creature of Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and devoted to all his bad designs." He was 
 living in 1605. His son, Capt. Thomas Prys of Plas lolyn, was an excellent poet. He 
 fitted out a privateer against the Spaniards, and he and Capt. WilHam Middleton and 
 Capt. Huet (or Koet), are said to have been the first who smoked tobacco in the streets 
 of London. His great granddaughter, Elizabeth Pryse, heiress of Plas lolyn, and Lady 
 of the Manor of Yspytty Ifan, married Robert Edwards, Esq. of Gallt y Celyn 
 Yspytty Ifan (Hist. Powys Fadog, iv., p. 107). 
 
20I 
 
 Dr. Humphrey Humphreys, an eminent Bishop of Bangor, and afterwards of 
 Hereford, was of this tribe. He was born in 1648, and died in 1712, and was the author 
 of additions to Wood's Athence Oxonienses. He inherited Cesail Gyfarch, in the 
 County of Carnarvon, from his mother. He married Margaret, daughter of 
 Dr. Robert Morgan, Bishop of Bangor, by whom he had two daughters. 
 
 The following families are also named by Pennant, as descended from March weithian, 
 all of them, however, I believe, being now extinct or only represented in the female line, 
 namely, Wynn of Llangynhafal ; Panton of Coleshill Manor, Flintshire ; Parry of 
 Tywysog and Pistyll ffftst. Powys Fadog, vi., p. 437) ; Price of Tyddyn Sieffrey ; 
 Price of Cwm Mein ; Price of Fedw deg ; Price of Llanrwst ; Price of Dugoed, 
 Penmachno ; Wynn of Hafod y Maidd ; Foulkes of Llys Llywarch (lb., p. 238) ; 
 Foulkes of Carwed Fynydd, and Meiriadog fib., p. 235) ; Vaughan of Pantglas, whose 
 eventual heiress, Anne Vaughan, married Sir Hugh Williams, Bart, of Marl (Hist. 
 Powys Fadog, v., p. 407) ; Vaughan of Blaenycwm ; Vaughan of Llysfaen ; Williams 
 of Aberconwy ; Williams of Hafod Garregog ; Wynn and Foulkes of Plasnewydd ; 
 and Davies of Llathwryd. — Ed. 
 
 XII.— EDWIN. 
 
 Edwin, commonly called King of Tegaingl, had a son, Owen, 
 whose daughter, Angharad, was married to Gruffudd ab Cynan, 
 King of Gwynedd or North Wales. Many worthy and noble 
 gentlemen in Flintshire and Denbighshire, are descended of him, 
 as the Bishop of Bangor now living •} Thomas Owen, a Judge 
 of the Common Pleas, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, father 
 of Sir Roger Owen, late of Condover, Knight ; Howel Gwynedd, 
 a very valiant and stout man, who, siding with Owen Glyndwr 
 against Henry the Fourth, did much annoy the English ; but 
 
 ^ Probably Dr. William Roberts, consecrated Bishop of Bangor, September, 1637, 
 and who died in August, 1665, aged eighty. He was a prelate distinguished for his 
 piety and charity. His portrait is preserved at Pontruffydd, near Denbigh. — Ed. 
 
 Aa 
 
202 
 
 ■on a time being more secure than he ought to have been, he 
 was taken by his adversaries of the town of Flint, who, upon 
 a place called Moel-y-gaer, cut off his head. And long before 
 that time one Owen ap Aldyd, grandchild to Edwin, by force 
 ■of arms kept all Tegaingl in subjection nothwithstanding all the 
 power of King, Lord, and Country to the contrary. He beareth 
 argent between four Cornish crows armed gules a cross Fleury 
 engrailed sable} 
 
 1 From Edwin was descended Sir Thomas Powell, one of the Judges of the Kings 
 Bench in the time of William the Third, and the present family of Nanteos in 
 Cardiganshire ; as likewise the Gwyns of Mynachdy, in the same County. [Sir 
 Thomas Powell was appointed Judge, in April, 1687, but his judicial career terminated 
 a few months afterwards with the flight of the King, James the Second. — Ed^ 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Edwin was the great great grandson of Hywel Dda, and flourished 
 about the middle of the eleventh century. His mother was Ethelfleda, daughter and 
 heiress of Edwin, Earl of Mercia, and relict of Edmund Ironside, King of England. 
 His patrimony of Tegaingl is a division of Flintshire, comprising the hundreds of 
 Rhuddlan, Coleshill, and Prestatyn ; and he held his Court at a place called Llys Edwin, 
 in the parish of Llaneurgain (Anglice, Northop). He married Gwerydd or Ewerydda, 
 sister of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, by whom he had three sons, Owain, Uchdryd, and 
 Hywel. He was slain in 1073, and buried at Northop. 
 
 Owain succeeded his fathei" as Prince of Tegaingl. He bore gules three men's legs 
 conjoined at the thighs in triangle argent. He died of consumption in 1103. By his 
 wife, Morfudd, daughter of Goronwy ab Ednowain Bendew (chief of the thirteenth 
 Noble Tribe), he had, besides the daughter, Angharad above referred to as the wife of 
 Gruffudd ab Cynan, five sons, Goronwy, Meilir, Llewelyn, Aldud, and Rhirid. These 
 were the ancestors of the Lloyds of Hersedd, Ffern, and Llwyn Yn ; Pryse, Llwyn Yn • 
 Edwards of Stansty, Rhual, Gallt Celyn, Crogen Iddon, and Glyn ; Evans, Coedllai and 
 Treuddyn ; Lloyd, Pentrehobin ; Wynn, Copa'r leni ; Parry, Llaneurgain ; Griffith 
 of Garn ; Wynn of Nerquis. 
 
 Uchdryd became lord of Cyfeiliog and Meirion. His first wife was Agnes, daughter 
 of Llewelyn Aurdorchog ("of the golden torque"), lord of lal, who bore him lorwerth, 
 Idnerth Benfras, Llawdden, and Philip of Cyfeiliog, ancestor of the old families of 
 
203 
 
 Abergwidol, Gelligoch, Caelan, and others in the hundred of Cyfeiliog. By his second 
 wife, Angharad, daughter of Meredydd ab Bleddyn, he had a son, Meredydd, ancestor 
 of the Owens of Llynlloedd, Tedsmore, Woodhouse, Condover, and Bettws 
 Cedewain ; the Powells of Nanteos ; and the Bromfields of Bromfield. 
 
 Hywel married Janet, daughter of Ithel ab Eynydd, lord of Trefalun. 
 Howel Gwynedd, referred to in the text, was seventh in descent from Uchdryd 
 ab Edwin. 
 
 Sir Thomas Owen, above referred to, was a man of great legal erudition, and was. 
 Judge of the Common Pleas, from January 21st, 1594, until his death, December 21st, 
 1598. His son. Sir Roger Owen, distinguished himself among the literary men of his 
 day, and was an active Member of Parliament. Both he and several of his successors 
 filled the office of Sheriff, and the estate of Condover still remains with the family ; 
 though this and the other branches of the Owen family above named, have long been 
 extinct in the direct male line. 
 
 Dr. David Powell, Vicar of Rhiwabon, a learned divine and eminent antiquary, born 
 about 1522, died in 1598, was descended from Uchdryd ab Edwin. He was Chaplain to 
 Sir Henry Sidney, Lord President of the Marches, published several works of great 
 learning, and rendered essential assistance to Dr. Morgan in the translation of the 
 Bible into Welsh. 
 
 The only families of this tribe that I can find to be still extant in the male line, are those 
 of Griffith of Gam, now represented by William Douglas Wynne Griffith, Esq. of Garn,, 
 near Rhyl ; and Powell of Nanteos. 
 
 In addition to the other families above named, all of which are extinct, or only extant 
 in the male line, may be added the Mostyns of Llys Pengwern, Mostyn and Talacre^ 
 who are maternally descended from Edwin (Hist. Powys Fadog ; Arch. Camb. / 
 Dwnri's Vis., &c.J—Ed. 
 
 XIII.— EDNOWAIN BENDEW. 
 
 He was Lord of Tegaingl in the year of our Lord 1079, as 
 the book of Ednop saith, and it is said by Peter Ellis the 
 counsellor to be the chief of the fifteen Peers of North Wales. 
 Of him are descended Ithel ap Rotpert, Archdeacon of Tegaingl; 
 
204 
 
 all the Bithels ; the Hanmers ; and many other noted families. 
 He beareth argent between three Boars' heads couped a chevron 
 sable. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Ednowain Bendew (" the strong skulled"), is supposed to have lived 
 at Llys y Coed, in the parish of Cilcain, in the county of Flint ; and that he had a 
 mansion also at Tymaen, in the parish of Whiteford, in the same county (Pennanfs 
 Tours in Wales, iii., pp. 159 and 446). His wife was Gwerful, daughter of Lluddoca ab 
 Tudor Trevor, Earl of Hereford, head of the Tribe of the Marches. An old MS. 
 states of him that " he was brave, for he killed a wild boar without help" (DwnrCs 
 Vis., ii., p. 83), 
 
 Ithel ap Rotpert, above referred to, was living in 1393 (Pennants Hist, of Whiteford 
 and Holywell, p. 119). 
 
 Dr. Richard Davies, Bishop successively of St. Asaph and St. David's, one of the 
 translators of the Old Testament into English, and of the New Testament and Liturgy 
 into Welsh, was of this Tribe (see ante, p. 92, note). 
 
 Pennant (Tours in Wales, iii., p. 446) gives the following list of families in his time 
 extant in the male line : — Lloyd of Wigfair ; Foulkes of Mertyn ; Griffith of Rhual ; 
 Hughes of Halkin and Bagillt ; and Griffith of Plas isaf, Caerwys. The Lloyds of 
 Wigfair, became extinct in the male line on the death of John Lloyd, Esq., F.R.S. and 
 M.P. for Flintshire in 1815, unmarried. John Inglis Jones, Esq. of Derry Ormond, in 
 the county of Cardigan, also claims direct descent from Ednowain Bendew (Nicholas's 
 County Families, p. 197). 
 
 The following families are enumerated by Pennant; among those that are extinct 
 or only represented in the female line belonging to this tribe, all in Flintshire : — 
 
 Wynns of Galedlom and Caerwys ; the Facknalts of Facknalt ; Pugh of Ysceifiog ; 
 Piers of Llanasaph ; Parry of Coleshill and Basingwerk ; Griffith of Pantyllongdy, 
 Llanasa ; Griffith of Caerwys Hall ; Evans of Llaneurgain (Northop). The heiress of 
 this family (Martha, daughter of Thomas Hughes, Esq.), about the middle of last 
 century, married Edward Pryse Lloyd, Esq. of Glansevin, in the county of Carmarthen, 
 whose descendant, Morgan Pryse Lloyd, Esq. of that place, is now the representative of 
 this family (Arch. Camb., 1863, p. 248), and (Diemi's Vis., ii., p. 326). Jones of 
 Ysceifiog ; of this family was John Jones, Esq. of Gelli lyfdy, a great collector of Welsh 
 MS., which now form part of the Hengwrt collection at Peniarth (see ante, p. 11;) i 
 Williams, Colomendy, Ysceifiog ; and Hughes of Coedybrain. — Ed. 
 
205 
 
 XIV.— EFNYDD. 
 
 Commonly called the son of Gwenllian, the daughter of Rhys 
 ap Marchen, who was Lord of seven townships in Dyffryn 
 Clwyd, called Ruthin land, viz. Tref Ben-y-Coed, and Efenechdyd, 
 y Groes-Iwyd, Pant Meugen, and three more, all freehold land, 
 and had no children only Gwenllian aforesaid, which by the 
 means of Bleddyn ap Cynfin, King of Wales, was given in 
 marriage to this Efnydd's father, being of a near kindred unto 
 the said King, who gave him seven^ other townships, viz. Almor, 
 Tref Alen, Gresfordd in Bromfield, Lleprog-fawr, Lleprog-fechan, 
 and Tref y nant in Tegaingl, &c. He had a daughter called 
 Hunydd, who was the wife of Meredydd ap Bleddyn, Prince of 
 Powys. Of this Efnydd, was descended John Almor, one of 
 the Marshalls of the Hall to King Henry the Seventh, father 
 of John Almor, Serjeant at Arms to King Henry the Eighth, 
 who bore for his arms, azure a lion rampant or armed and 
 langued gules. Sir William Meredith of England, is also of 
 this tribe. Efnydd's Coat was, azure a Hon saliant or, where- 
 with he quartered his mother's, being azure between three Nag's 
 heads erased argent a fess or. 
 
 ' Only six townships are named. — Ed. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Of Efnydd or Eunydd, who flourished about the close of the eleventh 
 century, some particulars have already been given (ante, p. 43, note). His father was, 
 it is there stated, Gwernwy, a cousin of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, but Dwnn (Vis., ii., 
 pp. 83 and 355) states him to have been Morien ap Morgeneu ap Gwerystan ap 
 Gwaethfoed, lord of Powys, and that Eunydd, with Hedd Molwynog and 
 Marchweithian, had the distinction of being constituted heads of tribes conferred 
 upon them on account of their bravery at the Battle of Coventry (Ih.) 
 
206 
 
 Eunydd married Eva, daughter and heiress of Llywelyn ab Dolphyn ab Llywelyn 
 Aurdorchog, lord of the townships of Aelhaiarn, Llygadog, Ucheldref, Garthaiarn, 
 Llandderfel, Caer Gilor, and Saith Marchog. By this lady he had issue, two sons, 
 Ithel and Heilyn, and a daughter, Hunydd above named (Hist. Powys Fadog, iii., 
 P- 193)- 
 
 Pennant gives the following list of Eunydd's descendants, all extinct, or in the female 
 line only :— Simunt of Coedllai ; Prichard of Caergwrle ; Rogers of Flint ; Meredydd 
 of Trefalun ; Meredith of Pentrebychan ; Meredith of Stansty ; Almor of Almor ; 
 Alynton of Alynton ; and Lloyd of Gresford and Alynton. 
 
 The Almors and Alyntons took their names from the townships where they resided — 
 the latter being simply a translation of Trefalun. The first to assume the name of 
 Almor, was John ap levan ap David, ninth in descent from Eunydd, through his son 
 Ithel. The Almors became extinct in the male line about the commencement of the 
 seventeenth century ( Dwnii's Vis., ii., p. 355)- 
 
 Mallt, the heiress of Trefalun, married Richard Trevor, descended from Ednyfed Gam 
 of Llys Pengwern. By this alliance, the Trevors became possessed of Trefalun, which 
 is still in the possession of their descendants (Hist. Powys Fadog, iii., p. 194). Of this 
 family was Sir Thomas Trevor, Lord Chief Justice of England, created Baron Trevor 
 in 1711. 
 
 The Merediths of Pentrebychan maternally descended from Eunydd, are now 
 represented by Lieut.-Col. Henry Warter Meredydd (see ante, p. 106). 
 
 Sir Frederick Hughes, Bart, of East Bergholt, Suffolk (being the seventh Bart.), 
 claims direct descent from Eunydd f Nicholas'' s County Families, p. 397). — Ed. 
 
 XV.— EDNOWAIN AP BRADWEN.^ 
 
 He is by many writers called Lord of Merionydd ; but I appre- 
 hend erroneously, for the Princes and their issue were always 
 Lords of Merionydd. Howbeit it might be that he (as others) 
 took the same to farm and therefore might be called lord 
 
 1 William Lleyn, the bard, out of an old book written in the days of Edward the 
 First, by one David Scrivenor, to one lorwerth ap Llewelyn ap Tudur, a descendant of 
 this chief, gives the Brad wen [Pedigree] thus : — Brad wen ap Mael ap Bleddyn ap 
 
207 
 
 thereof. Yet, certain it is that he and his issue were possessed 
 of all Tal-y-bont, save Nanney, and the Prince's demesnes, and 
 for the most part of the Hundred of Estimaner in like manner. 
 He is said to have lived in Grufifudd ap Cynan's time. The 
 ruins of his house, Llys Bradwen,^ are to be seen in the town- 
 ship of Cregenan, in the hundred of Tal-y-bont Is-cregenan in 
 Merionethshire. Llywelin ap Tudur ap Gwyn ap Peredur ap 
 Ednowain ap Bradwen lived in the time of Edward the First 
 and did him homage with the lords and gentry of Wales, as by 
 the said king's records is manifest. Aron, the grandchild of 
 this Llywelin ab Tudur by his son Ednyfed had two sons more 
 eminent than the rest of his children, Ednyfed and Gruffudd, of 
 the which William David Lloyd of Peniarth, Esq., lately deceased. 
 
 Morudd ap Cynddelw ap Cyfnerth ap Cadifor ap Run ap Mergynawc ap Cynfawr ap 
 Hefan ap Cadifor ap Maeldaf hynaf ap Unwch Unarchen ap Ysbwys ap Ysbwch, which 
 Ysbwys and Ysbwch, father and son came into this island out of Spain with Aurelius, 
 Ambrosius, and Uther, A.D. 466, and first inhabited Moelysbidion, viz. the Strangers 
 Mount, and when Aurelius had recovered his crown from Vortigern the Usurper, he 
 rewarded those men, being his retinue, with the whole hundred of Talybont, and part of 
 Estimaner in Merionethshire, where their posterity flourish to this day. 
 
 ^ These ruins, which I have seen, consisting of large stones, as usually laid to form 
 the foundations of buildings, mark the form as well as the simplicity of the habitations 
 of the ancient Reguli of Wales, agreeing exactly with the account given of them by 
 Whitaker in his History of Manchester, who says " they were commonly placed in the 
 hollow of a valley ; and either upon the margin of one stream, or the confluence of 
 two, for the conveniency of water and security from winds. And the followers lived 
 immediately about the person of their chief, or in little bodies along the windings of 
 the valley, to be within reach of the usual signals of the lord, the striking of the shield 
 or the blowing of the horn." The Ichnography of Llys Bradwen presents nearly this 
 
 figure J the outward circular apartment being the audience hall and Court of 
 
 Judicature ; the oblong building the chiefs own retirement : around this principal 
 building there were the traces of several others of various forms and dimensions. 
 
208 
 
 was descended, whose inheritance is come to Margaret, the 
 mother of Lewis Owen, Esq. of Peniarth, deceased. 
 
 Ednyfed ab Aaron is said to have entertained Owain Glyndwr 
 when he was overcome by King Henry the Fourth, the Usurper; 
 but secretly in a cave by the sea-side, in the parish of Celynnin, 
 which of him is called Ogof Owain. Of this Ednyfed was 
 descended Morgan ap Gruffudd ap Einion, a courageous stout 
 man, who as it is reported by his kinsmen, by chance in the 
 streets of the city of London, far in the night, met with King 
 Henry the Eighth with a small guard about him, coming to see 
 what rule was kept in the city, and when neither would yield 
 to the other, they drew and fought hardly, until Morgan's com- 
 panion that was with him bade him take heed what he did ; for 
 that he feared it was the king with whom he fought, whereupon 
 Morgan crying mercy yielded and craved pardon, and the king 
 did let him go saying that he was a lusty man, and ever after 
 he was called lusty Morgan, a tradition to which the following 
 couplet from a bard of those times seems to countenance : — 
 
 " Morgan hir mawr gan Harri, 
 Mae Llundain dan d'adain di." 
 
 Ednowain ap Bradwen bore for his arms gules three snakes 
 rowed in a triangular knot argent} 
 
 1 Llewelin Dalran, of this tribe, came to South Wales, and, marrying Jennet, daughter 
 and heiress of Gwilym ap Sitsyllt, Lord of Aberaeron, Cardiganshire, laid the 
 foundation of several families of note in that country, such as the Lewes's of 
 Abernantbychan and Coedmore, now extinct ; the Lewes's of Llysnewidd ; and the 
 Lewes's of Gellydowill, a family which centres in Thomas Lewes, Esq., Captain of the 
 Sampson Man of War, and his brother Brigadier-General Lewes, at present serving in 
 
209 
 
 the West Indies, an Officer of distinguished merit, who arrived not at the rank he now 
 possesses by forced marches, but who from long and arduous services had an irresistible 
 claim on those rewards, which longer to have with-held would have been a reproach to 
 the fountain of preferment, an Officer who will be spoken of with honour so long as 
 cool intrepid bravery and discipline shall continue to be the best recommendation of a 
 British soldier. Nor can another descendant of the above Llewelin Dalran be here 
 overlooked ; Sir Watkin Lewes, Knight, Member of Parliament for the City of London, 
 the first Welshman since the days of Sir Hugh Middleton who has filled the Civic 
 Chair, and on [«'c] whom no man has experienced a greater accumulation of City 
 honours, or passed through them with more credit to himself and utility to the public, 
 discharging the duties of a Magistrate with humanity, firmness and discretion, suited to 
 times the most trying and critical, who may boast himself almost the only one of all 
 the swarm of Patriots that clustered some years ago round the standard of liberty, who 
 has never disgraced his principles by becoming either the slave of a popular faction or 
 the tool of ministerial influence. 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Ednowain ab Brad wen is supposed by the best authorities to have lived 
 somewhat later than the period above ascribed to him. The most correct date would 
 probably be the latter half of the twelfth century. His wife was Margaret, daughter 
 of Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd (Dwmi's Vis., i., p. 39) ; or as other pedigrees have it, 
 Jane, daughter of Philip ab Uchdryd, lord of Cyfeiliog, son of Edwin ab Goronwy 
 fHist. Powys Fadog, v., p. 100). 
 
 The mother of Lewis Owen, Esq. of Peniarth, in the text called Margaret, is 
 elsewhere (Dwnn^s Vis., ii. p. 238 ; and (Arch. Camh., 1879, p. 122) called Elizabeth. 
 She was William David Lloyd, Esq.'s sister and heiress, and married Griffith Owen, Esq. 
 of Talybont, fourth son of Baron Lewys Owen, who was murdered near Mallwyd, in 
 October 1555 (see ante, p. 114). Her inheritance passed by marriage to the Owen's of 
 Morben, and from them, through the Williams's, a branch of the families of Wynnstay 
 and Bodelwyddan, to the Wynne's of Peniarth, now represented by William Robert 
 Maurice Wynne, Esq. One of Griffith Owen's grandsons was that eminent and 
 learned divine, Dr. John Owen, the Puritan Dean of Christ Church, Oxford. Hugh 
 Owen of Bronyclydwr, a Puritan preacher of some celebrity, who died isth March, 1699, 
 was also of the same family. Two branches of this family, those of Owen, Caerberllan 
 arid Owen of Garthangharad, were still extant in 1846 according to the learned 
 annotator of DwnrCs Visitations (vol. ii., p. 237) and it is believed are so now. The 
 Hon. Griffith Humphrey Pugh Evans of Lovesgrove, and Lewis Pugh Pugh, Esq. of 
 Abermaide, both in Cardiganshire, claim to represent other branches of the same family 
 ( Nicholas'' s County Families, pp. 19S and 210). 
 
 Bb 
 
2IO 
 
 The Lewes's of Llysnewydd (Carmarthenshire), above referred to are now represented 
 by Col. William Price Lewes of that place ; and Col. John Lewes of Llanllyr, 
 Cardiganshire ( Tb.^ pp. 200 and 293). 
 
 According to Dwnn fVis., ii., p. 284), Rhys Nanmor, an eminent poet who flourished 
 from about 1440 to 1480, and resided at Maenor Vynwy in Pembrokeshire, was paternally 
 descended from Ednowain ab Bradwen, and maternally from Ednyfed Fychan of the 
 tribe of Marchudd. 
 
 The Lloyds of Nantymynach, Mallwyd ( Dwnn's Vis., ii., p. 242) ; and according 
 to Pennant and Yorke (Tracts of PowysJ, the Griffiths of Garth and Cloddiau Cochion, 
 long extinct, belonged also to this tribe ; also the Morgans of Caelan, Llanbrynmair, 
 Montgomeryshire. — Sd. 
 
 XVI.— TUDOR TREVOR. 
 
 Tudor Trevor, the Tribe of March^ called likewise in our books 
 Llwyth Maelor (or the Tribe of Maelor), was the son of Ynyr 
 ap Cadfarch, descended of Cadell Deyrnllug, King of Powys. 
 He is said to have been the founder of, and to have resided 
 at Whittington Castle, which continued in his posterity for many 
 generations after. His mother was Rhiengar, daughter to 
 Lluddocca ap Caradoc Vreichfras, Earl of Hereford, who was 
 one of the Knights of King Arthur's Round Table. Tudor 
 had large possessions in Herefordshire, in right of his mother, 
 as well as in that country called Ferlys, which lies between the 
 rivers Wye and Severn. He was contemporary with Howel 
 Dda, King of Wales, whose daughter, Angharad, he married, 
 by whom he had three sons and one daughter. Powell of 
 
 ^ So called, because a great number of the gentlemen in the Marches of England and 
 Wales are descended from him. 
 
21 I 
 
 Edenhope, in his Pentarchia, describes his arms in the following 
 manner : — 
 
 Ermimis fulgens Theodori parma Trevori, 
 Dai rapidum fulvumque sinistro verte leonem ; 
 Mostonis sunt nota satis simul arma Trevoris — 
 
 Which may be thus expressed in plain English : " Parted per 
 bend sinister ermine and ermines, over all a lion rampant or ; 
 the well-known arms of the Mostyns, and also of the Trevors." 
 
 [ADDENDA.] — Tudor Trevor lived during the first half of the tenth century. In 
 907 he married Angharad, daughter of Howel Dda, by whom he had three sons, 
 Goronwy, Lluddocaf, and Dingad. 
 
 Goronwy (who died in his father's lifetime), married Tangwystl, daughter of Dyfnwal 
 ab Alan, a direct descendant from Rhodri Mawr, and by her had an only daughter and 
 heiress, Rhiengar, who succeeded to her grandfather's lands in Hereford, Gloucester, 
 Erging, and Ewyas. Rhiengar married Cyhelin ab Ifor, by whom she was mother of 
 Elystan Glodrudd (Royal Tribe V.) Many of Goronwy's descendants have therefore, 
 been already dealt with in the account of that Tribe {ante, pp. 125 to 133). 
 
 Lluddocaf was lord of Chirk, Whittington, Oswestry and Maelor Saesonaeg ; and 
 was the ancestor of, among others, the Mostyns of Mostyn, Talacre, Bryngwyn, and 
 Segroid ; the Trevors of Brynkinallt, Plas-teg, and Trefalun ; the Wynns of Eyarth ; 
 the Lloyds of Leaton Knolls ; the Youngs of Bryn Yorkin ; the Edwards of Sansaw 
 Hall ; the Trevors of Trevor Hall, and Thomas of Coed-helen ; the Lloyds of 
 Halchdyn, Plas Madog, Berth, and Rhagatt ; the Eytons of Park Eyton ; the 
 Vaughans of Burlton Hall ; the Pennants of Downing and Penrhyn Castle ; and the 
 Dymocks of Penley Hall (Mont. Coll., ii., p. 265). 
 
 Dingad was lord of Maelor Gymraeg or Bromfield, and was the ancestor of the 
 families of Jones Parry of Llwynon ; Lloyd of Llwynycnotiau ; Roberts of Hafodybwch ; 
 Jones of Croes Foel ; Edwards of Sealyham and Lord Kensington ; Erddig of Erddig ; 
 Trafford of Esclusham ; Davies of Hafod y wern ; Madog yr Athraw of Plas Madog 
 and Erbistock ; Bersham of Bersham ; Wynn of Gerwyn fawr ; Eyton of Eyton 
 uchaf ; Sontley of Sontley ; Bady of Rhiwabon ; JeflFeries of Acton ; Broughton of 
 
212 
 
 Broughton and Marchwiail ; Powell of Alrhey ; Ellis of Alrhey and Wyddial Hall, 
 Hertfordshire ; and others ( Ib.^ p. 266). 
 
 Of the above, the following at least have become extinct, or are to be found only in 
 the female line : — Mostyn of Bryngwyn (merged in the family of Owen of Woodhouse) ; 
 Trevor of Brynkinallt, Plas-teg, and Trefalun (now represented by Boscawen Trevor 
 Griffith, Esq.) ; Young of Bryn Yorkin ; Pennant of Downing and Penrhyn Castle ; 
 Dymock of Penley Hall ; Erddig of Erddig ; TrafFord of Esclusham ; Bersham of 
 Bersham ; Sontley of Sontley ; Bady of Rhiwabon ; Jefferies of Acton ; Davies of 
 Hafod y Wern ; Broughton of Broughton ; Powel of Alrhey ; Ellis of Alrhey ; and 
 Lloyd of Halchdyn. 
 
 Reference has already been made (ante, p. 96) to Sir John Trevor of Brynkinallt, 
 Commissioner of the Great Seal, Master of the Rolls, and Speaker of the House of 
 Commons in the time of James the Second and William the Third. Sir Thomas 
 Trevor of Trefalun, was a Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of Charles the First. 
 Sir John Trevor of Trefalun, was Secretary of State to Charles the Second. He 
 married Ruth, a daughter of the celebrated John Hampden, and one of his sons, 
 Thomas, became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1701, which office he also filled 
 during the whole of Queen Anne's reign, and in December 31st, 1711, he was called to 
 the peerage by the title of Baron Trevor of Bromham. In 1726 he was made Lord 
 Privy Seal, and in ] 730, Lord President of the Council. He was an able and upright, 
 but reserved, grave and austere judge. His third son, who became fourth Lord Trevor, 
 was a distinguished diplomatist, and having published a volume of poems is enrolled in 
 Horace Walpole's list of Royal and Noble Authors. Having become possessed of the 
 Hampden estates, he took the name and arms of Hampden, and was, in 1766, created 
 Viscount Hampden, a title, which, as well as the Barony of Trevor, became extinct in 
 1824. Another of the first Lord Trevor's sons became Bishop of Durham in 
 1752.—^^. 
 
 THE END. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 AUeluiatic victory over the Saxons, 86 
 Alliteration, characteristic of Welsh poetry, 60 
 Almor of Almor, 206 
 Alynton of Alynton, 206 
 Alphonsus, son of Edward I., 66 
 Angharad, Queen ot Gruffudd ab Cynan, 26 
 Anwyl of Park, 18 
 
 Athelstan GLonRUDD, see Elystan Glodrudd 
 Athelstan, King of England, God-father to Elystan Glod- 
 rudd, 125 ; imposes tribute on his country, 125 
 
 Bady of Rhiwabon, 2ii 
 
 Bagots, Lords of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham, 
 
 70, 71 
 Bala, celebrated by Lord Lyttelton, 21 
 Bangor Monachorum, 42 
 
 Bards, their massacre by Edw. I. not authenticated, 59 
 Bauge, battle of, 75 
 Bellot, Bishop of Chester, 20 
 Berain, Catherine of, 82, 198, 199 
 Bersham, 211 
 Bevan of Fosbury, 123 
 
 Beveridge, Bishop, interview with Sir John Wynn, 1 1 
 Bible, its Translators into Welsh, 90, 93 
 Bishops, Trial of the Seven, 100, 129 
 Blayney of Gregynog, 158 
 Blayney, Arthur, his character, 155 
 Bleddyn AB Cynfyn, 39—119; his arms, 40; death, 40; 
 
 wives, 116; sons ii6 
 Bodville of Bodvel, 186 
 Bodwrda of Bodwrda, 186 
 Bottwnog School, founder of, 187 
 Bradwen, Llys, 207 
 Braint Hir, 197, 198 ; his arms, 198 
 Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, 104 
 British Chronicles, The, 42 
 Brochwel Ysgithrog, 42 
 Brogyntyn, 17 
 Brogyntyn, Owain, 47, 54, 107, 108 ; his arms, 109 ; his 
 
 cup and dagger, 109 
 Bromfield of Bromtield, 203 
 Bromley, Lord Chancellor, 120 
 Broughton, 211 
 Brynkir, 21 
 
 Cadwaladr, Queen Victoria's descent from, 73 
 Cadwgan ab Bleddyn, 40, 109 ; his arms, 40, 109 ; his 
 
 death, 40, 109 ; his sons, 1 10 
 Cadwgan ab Elystan, 126 ; his arms, 126, 
 Caer Hywel, 44 
 
 Camden's partiality as a historian, 92 
 Caractacus, ancestor of lestyn ab Gwrgant, 120 
 Caradog Vreichfras, 210 
 Caradog ab lestyn, 122 ; his descendants, 122 
 Carbery, Earl of, lo5, J07 
 Carno, Battle of, 2 
 
 Carreg Hwfa Castle taken and plundered, 62 
 
 Carter, Col., of Kinmael, 113, 194 
 
 Catherine of Berain, " Mother of Wales," 82, 198, 199 
 
 Catherine Tudor, Widow of Henry V., 15, 192 
 
 Celynin of Llwydiarth, 118; his descendants, 118 
 
 Cesail Gyfarch, 14, 201 
 
 Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 190 
 
 Chaloner of Chester, 190 
 
 Chaloner of Guisborough, igo 
 
 Chaloner of Lloran Ganol, 190 
 
 Charlton, Sir John, first English Lord of Powys, 58 
 
 Charlton, Sir John, second English I<ord of Powys, 69 
 
 Charlton, Sir John, third English Lord of Powys, 70 
 
 Cheshire, first represented in the House of Commons, 68 
 
 Chirk Castle, 55, 96 
 
 CiLMiN Troed-du, i8i — 183 ; his arms, 182 
 
 Clough, Sir Richard, 82, 199 
 
 Cobham, Lord, 71 
 
 Coetmore Howel, 22 
 
 Coytmore of Coytmore, 186 
 
 COLLWYN AB Tangno, 184— 188 ; arms, 185 ; sons, 
 
 186 ; extinct families, 188 
 Corbet of Ynysymaengwyn, 102, 127 
 Corsygedol, 17 
 
 Court of Marches, its institution, 6 
 Criccieth Castle, 185 
 Crogen or Chirk, Battle of, 48 
 Cromwell descended from Cadwgan ab Bleddyn, III; 
 
 his protection of Protestants, 112 
 Crown Manors in Wales, observations on, 159 
 Cwmhir, Abbey of, 126 
 Cyfeiliog, 57 
 Cyfeiliog, Huw, 45 
 Cyfeiliog, Owain, 45 ; his Castle at Tafolwern, 57 ; 
 
 death, 58 ; distinguished poet, 58 ; interview with 
 
 Henry H. at Shrewsbury, 64. 
 Cymry, their origin, 41 
 Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, 54, 117 
 Cynfelyn ab Dolphyn of Manafon, 118; his descendants, 
 
 118 
 Cynfyn, Rhiwallon ab, 39 
 Cynwrig Efell, 47, 54 ; his arms, 98 
 Cynwrig Hir, 3 
 
 Dafydd ab Owain's embassy to the Lord Rhys, 48 
 
 Dafydd Llwyd ab Llywelyn of Mathafarn, 56 
 
 Dafydd, lord of Denbigh, barbarously executed, 22 
 
 Daron, Dean of Bangor, 124 
 
 Dates, uncertainty of, in Welsh Chronology, 69, 125 
 
 Davies of Coedymynydd, 189 
 
 Davies of Hafodywern, 211 
 
 Davies, Dr. John of Mallwyd, Grammarian and Lexico- 
 grapher, 93, 19s 
 
 Davies, Dr. Richard, Bishop of St. Asaph and St. 
 David's, 92, 204 
 
 Davies, John of Henblas, the Genealogist, 119 
 
214 
 
 Davies, Robert of Llannerch, the Antiquary, 87 
 
 Davies of Trewylan, 119 
 
 Derwas of Cemmes, 118 
 
 Digby, Sir Kenelm, dubbed Knight, 79 
 
 Dinas Bran Castle, 52 
 
 Dingad ab Ednowain ab Bradwen, 2U 
 
 Dolben, Dr., Bishop of Bangor, loi 
 
 Dolforwyn Castle, 40 
 
 Done,- Margaret, Anecdote of, 95 
 
 Drunkenness in the French army, 75 
 
 Dymock of Penley Hall, 211 
 
 Ednowain ab Bkadwen, 207 — 210; extinct fimilies, 
 
 Ednovvatn Bendevv, 203, 204 ; extinct famiUes, 204 
 
 Ednyfed ab Aaron, 20S 
 
 Ednyfed Fychan, 179, 191, 193 ; his wife Gwenllian, 36 : 
 his arms, 191; his sons, 193 ; his illustrious descend- 
 ants, 192 
 
 Edward I. nominated Prince of Wales, 51 
 
 Edwards of Nanhoron, i8y 
 
 Edwards of Sansaw Hall, 211 
 
 Edwards of Sealyham, 211 
 
 Edwin, 201 — 203 ; his arms, 202 ; sons, 202 : extinct 
 families, 203 
 
 Efnydd or Eunydd, 43, 205, 206 ; his arms, 205 ; 
 descendants, 206 
 
 Eglwysegl, 86 
 
 Einion ab Collwyn, 28, 120 
 
 Einion ab Ithel, 13 
 
 Einion Efell, 47, 54 ; his arms, 98 
 
 Elhs of Alrhey and Wyddial, 212 
 
 Ellis of Bronyfoel and Ystumllyn, 1S6 
 
 Elystan Glodrudd, 125 — 133 ; his arms, 126 ; his 
 sons, 126 ; his death, 126 ; his descendants, 126, 
 127, 128, 132 ; extant families, 132 ; extinct fami- 
 lies, 133 
 
 Erddig of Erddig, 21 1 
 
 Esquires, several classes of 10 
 
 Evans, Rev. Evan, collector of Welsh MSS, 115 
 
 Evans of Eleirnion, 183 
 
 Evans of Llanrwst, 1S9 
 
 Evans of Llaneurgain, 204 
 
 Evans of Lovesgrove, 209 
 
 Evans of Tanybwlch, 188 
 
 Evans of Trecastell, 38 
 
 Evans of Watstay, 9 
 
 Extent of North Wales, The, 173 
 
 Eyton of Leeswood, 88 
 
 Eyton of Park Eyton, 211 
 
 Eyton of Rhiwabon, 9 
 
 Facknalt of Facknalt, 204 
 
 Ferlys, the country between the Severn and Wye, 125, 
 
 210 
 Fifteen Noble Tribes, The, 171, 172 
 Fitzwalter, Milo's gallant conduct, 32 
 Fitzwarren, Fulke's encounter with GrufE. ab Cynan, 3 
 Fitzpeter, Jeffrey, Justiciary of England, 63 
 Fitzhamon invades Glamorgan, 120 
 Foulkes of Eriviatt, 194 
 
 Foulkes of Carwedd Fynydd and Meiriadog, 201 
 Foulkes of Gwernygron, 181 
 Foulkes of Llys Llywarch, 201 
 Foulkes of Mertyn, 204 
 
 Founders of Five Royal Tribes, I 
 
 French writers, their Latin Prosody, 55 
 
 Fychan, Sir Gruffudd of Byrgedwyn, 44, 72 ; beheaded, 
 
 76 
 Fychan, Sir Gruffydd, of Caer Hywel, 84 
 
 Gavelkind, derivation of the term, 42 ; its eSect upon 
 estates, 14, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 47, 53, 67, 102 
 
 Gerald de Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, 29 ; Nest, 
 wife of, 29 ; revenge on Owain ab Cadwgan, 30 
 
 Gethin of Fedwdeg, 22 
 
 Gethin, Rhys, 22 
 
 Giraldus Cambrensis, 38 
 
 Gloucester, Humphrey Duke of, 75 
 
 Glyndyfrdwy, 56 
 
 Glyndwr, Owain, 38 ; his arms, Ii8; his descendants, 
 117 
 
 Glyn of Ewell, 183 
 
 Glyn of Gaunts, 183 
 
 Glynn of Bryngwdion, 183 
 
 Glynn of Glynllifon, 182, 183 
 
 Glynn of Hawarden, 182, 183 
 
 Glynn of Lleuar, 182, 183 
 
 Glynn of Nantlle, 182, 183 
 
 Glynne, Sir John of Hawarden, 83 
 
 Glynne, Sir Stephen Richard of Hawarden, 183 
 
 Glynne, Sir William, of Glynllifon, 179 
 
 Goch, Dafydd, killed at Pennal, 179 
 
 Godolphin, Col. Sydney, 103 
 
 Goodman, Dr. Gabriel, Dean of Westminster, 91 
 
 Goodman, Dr. Godfrey, Bishop of Gloucester, 91 ; Will 
 of, 160 
 
 Gore, Ormsby, 17, 103 
 
 Goronwy ab Ednowain ab Bradwen, 2H 
 
 Goronwy Owen on Welsh Poetry, 59 
 
 Gresford Vicarage, Inscription on, 155 
 
 Grey, Sir Edward, lord of Powys, 78 
 
 Grey, Sir Henry, lord of Powys, 76 
 
 Grey, Sir John, lord of Powys, 73, 74 
 
 Griffith of Chwaen, 176 
 
 Griffith of Garreglwyd, 178, 194 
 
 Griffith of Gam, 203 
 
 GrifBth of Garth and Cloddiau Cochion, 210 
 
 Griffith of Pantyllongdy, 204 
 
 Griffith of Plas Isaf, Caerwys, 204 
 
 Griffith of Rhual, 204 
 
 Griffith, Sir William, of Penrhyn, 16, 192, 193 
 
 Gruffudd ab Cynan, 1—26; his captivity at Chester, 
 3 ; his arms, 4 ; reforms of music, 5 ; character 
 and reign, 23 ; hfe, 23 ; benefactions, 24 ; death, 
 
 25 ; personal appearance, 25 ; Queen Angharad, 
 
 26 ; sons, 26 
 Gruffudd ab Dafydd Goch, 22 
 
 Gruffudd ab Gwenwynwyn, 64 ; his wife, 65 
 
 Gruffudd ab Llywelyn, death of, 51 
 
 Gruffudd ab Llywelyn ab Seisyllt, 39 
 
 Gruffydd ab Madog, 50 ; alliance with Edward the 
 
 First, 51 ; wife, Emma, 52 ; death and burial, 52 
 Gruffydd ab Maredudd, 57 
 Gruffydd ap Rhys ab Tewdwr, 29 ; his wife, Gwenllian, 
 
 31 ; death, 32 
 Gruffydd ap the Lord Rhys, 37 
 Gruffydd Fychan ab Gruffudd ab Gwenwynwyn, 65 
 Gruffydd Fychan of Glyndyfrdwy, 38 
 
215 
 
 GruSydd Maelor, lo, 47 : death and burial, 48 ; wife, 
 Angharad, 48 ; children, 48 ; arms, 49 
 
 Gruffydd, Pyrs of Penrhyn, 193 
 
 Gwasannau, origin of the name, 86 
 
 GwEiRYDD AP Rhys Goch, 180, 181 ; his arms, 180 ; 
 sons, 180 
 
 Gwenllian, daughter of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn. 119 
 
 Gwenllian, wife ot Ednyfed Fychan, 36 
 
 Gwenllian, mother of Eunydd, 43, 205 
 
 Gwenwynwyn, 57, 61 ; arms, 64 ; wife, 64 ; sons, 66, 
 
 Gwenwynwyn, GrufEudd ab, 64, 65 
 
 Gwgan of Caereinion's embassy, 48 
 
 Gwydir, 8 
 
 Gwydir family, History of the, 5 
 
 Gwyn ab Bleddyn, 118 
 
 Gwyn ot Baron's Hall, 175 
 
 Gwyn, Mynachdy, 202 
 
 Gwynedd, Hywel, 201, 203 
 
 Gwynedd, Owain, 4, 33 ; arms, 4 
 
 Haer, wife of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, 116 
 
 Hafod Lwyfog, 14 
 
 Hampden, Viscount, 212 
 
 Hanmer, Sir Thomas, Speaker of the House of Com- 
 mons, 100; his Epitaph, 164; the same paraphrased, 
 166 
 
 Harlech, Baron, 17, 103, 175 ; Castle, 184; its brave 
 defence, 89 
 
 Hawys Gadarn married to Sir John de Charleton, 66 ; 
 buried at Shrewsbury, 69 
 
 Hedd Molwynog, 195 — 197 ; his sons, 195 ; arms 
 and descendants, 196 
 
 Helig ab Glanawg's patrimony overflowed, 190 
 
 Hengwrt MSS, 115 
 
 Henry II marches to Oswestry, 33 ; puts out the eyes 
 of hostages, 33 ; makes peace with the Lord Rhys, 
 34 ; battle of Crogen, the king's life in danger, 48 ; 
 reproved by Owain Cyfeiliog, 64 
 
 Henry IV. 's cruel statutes against the Welsh, 59 
 
 Henry VII. 's Welsh descent, 192 
 
 Henry VIII. 's Regulatons in North Wales, 68 
 
 Herbert, Sir Edward piurchases Powys Castle and lord- 
 ship, 78 
 
 Herbert, Lady Mary, Pope's lines to, 80 
 
 Herbert of Cherbury, Edward Lord, 81 
 
 Herbert, Richard, beheaded at Banbury, 81 
 
 Herbert, William Earl of Pembroke, 79 
 
 Herberts, The, of Powys Castle, 79 
 
 Hirlas, Owain, 59 
 
 Hirwaen Wrgant, battle of, 28 
 
 Holt Castle built, 55 
 
 Holland of Berw, 178 
 
 Holland of Kinmael, 113 
 
 Holland William's letter to Sir John Wynn, 144 
 
 Hope Castle, 144 
 
 Hughes of Beaumaris, 180 
 
 Hu'ghes of Coedybrain, 204 
 
 Hughes of East Bergholt, 206 
 
 Hughes of Gwerclas, 108, log, 170 
 
 Hughes of Halkin and Bagillt, 204 
 
 Hughes of Kinmael, 175, 176 
 
 Hughes of Plascoch, 179 
 
 Hughes, Dr. William, Bishop of St. Asaph, 19, 194 
 
 Humphreys, Dr., Bishop of IBangor, 201 
 
 Hunydd, daughter of Bleddyn ab Cynfyn, 119 
 
 HwFA AB Cynddelw, 172— 176 ; his arms, 174; ex-^ 
 
 tinct families, 176 
 Hywel ab leuaf of Talgarth, 126 
 Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd, 60 
 Hywel y Fwyall, Sir, 184, 187 
 Hywel y Pedolau, Sir, 65, 173 
 
 Idwal, Prince, his murder, 188 
 
 If.styn AB GwRGANT, 27, 50, 120 — 122 ; his treachery, 
 
 120; arms, 120; descent from Caractacus, 120; 
 
 descendants, 120 — 122 ; children, 122 
 leuan ab Maredudd, 13, 14 
 lolo Goch, 195, 197 
 lorwerth Drwyndwn, 46 
 lorwerth Goch, 44 
 Irish allies of Griffith ab Cynan, 2 
 
 James I. at Chester in 1617, 80 ; his aversion to a drawn 
 
 sword, 79 ; knighting Sir William Morice, 80 
 Jefferies of Acton, 211 
 JefEeries, Chancellor, Anecdotes of, 97 
 John ab Grufludd ab Gwenwynwyn, 66 
 John ab Maredudd, 14, 16 
 John Dafydd Rhys the Grammarian, 94 
 Jones, Inigo, 8, 26 
 Jones, Col. " the Regicide," 194 
 Jones, Sir William, Chief Justice of England, 1S7 
 Jones of Castellmarch, 187 
 Jones of Croes Foel, 211 
 Jones of Derry Ormond, 204 
 Jones of Dol, 120, 121 
 Jones of Gellilyfdy, 204 
 Jones of Haim, 38 
 Jones of Llyfnant, 179 
 Jones Parry of Llwynon, 188, 21 1 
 
 Kensington, Lord, 211 
 
 Kenyon, Lord, 175 
 
 Kyftin, origin of the name, 99 
 
 KytEn of Bodfach, 99 
 
 Kyfiin of Glascoed, 99 
 
 Kyffin of Maenan, 98 
 
 Kylifin, Maurice, the translator and poet, 99 
 
 Kynaston, claim to the Barony of Powys, 75 ; family, 
 
 44. 82 
 Kynaston, Arthur of Pantybyrsle, 84 
 Kynaston, Humphrey, the Wild, 44, 85 
 Kynaston, Sir John Roger, 84 
 Kynaston, Sir Roger, 84 
 Kynaston of Bryngwyn, 83 
 Kynaston of Hordley and Hardwick, 84 
 Kynaston of Otley, 83 
 Kynaston of Stocks, 84, 85 
 Kynaston of Trewylan, 83 
 
 Lewes of Abernantbychan, 208 
 
 Lewes of Coedmore, 208 
 
 Lewes of Gellidywyll, 208 
 
 Lewes of Llanllyr, 210 
 
 Lewes of Llysnewydd, 208, 210 
 
 Lewes, Brigadier General, 208 
 
 Lewes, Captain Thomas, 208 
 
 Lewes, Sir Watkin, Mayor and M.P. for London, 203 
 
2l6 
 
 Lewis of Harpton Court, 38 
 
 Lewis of Llanddyfnan, 174 
 
 Lewis of Presaddfed, 174, 175 
 
 Lewis of Trysglwyn, 175, 176 
 
 Lewys of Cemlyn, 176 
 
 Lewys, Robert, Chancellor of Bangor, 176 
 
 Lewys Glyn Cothi, and the inhabitants of Chester, 89 
 
 Linen scarce in the fifteenth century, 43 
 
 Lisburne, Earl of, 185 
 
 Lollards persecuted by Henry V., 71 
 
 Lord Rhys, his great feast at Cardigan, 35 
 
 Lumley, the Barony of, 106 
 
 Llanegwest, or Valle Crucis Abbey, 50 
 
 Llannerch Gardens and Waterworks, 87 
 
 Llanrwst burned by the Earl of Pembroke, 81 
 
 Llewelyn Aurdorchog, his arms and descendants, 1 19, 
 202, 206 
 
 Llewelyn ab GrufEydd, 51, 52 
 
 Llewelyn ab Tudor ab Gwyn, 207 
 
 Llewelyn Dalran, 208 
 
 Lloyd, Humphrey, Bishop of Bangor, 19 
 
 Lloyd, John, Bishop of St. David's, 132 
 
 Lloyd, Rev. John of Caerwys, III 
 
 Lloyd, Sir Richard of Holt, 19 
 
 Lloyd, William, Bishop of St. Asaph, 179 
 
 Lloyd, of Aston, 104 
 
 Lloyd of Bach Eurig, 197 
 
 Lloyd of Berth, 2U 
 
 Lloyd of Blaenyglyn, III 
 
 Lloyd of Bodlith, 106 
 
 Lloyd of Cwmbychan, III 
 
 Lloyd of Dolglessyn, 108 
 
 Lloyd of Dyffryn Erethlyn, 196 
 
 Lloyd of Erw Cynddel, 197 
 
 Lloyd of Forest, Pontruffydd and Pengwern, 194 
 
 Lloyd of Foxhall, 105 
 
 Lloyd of Glanhafon, 14 
 
 Lloyd of Glansevin, 204 
 
 Lloyd of Gwaredog, i8o, l8l 
 
 Lloyd of Hafodunos, 196 
 
 Lloyd of Halchdyn, 211 
 
 Lloyd of Hersedd, Ffern, and Llwyn Yn, 202 
 
 Lloyd of Kinmael, 194 
 
 Lloyd of Leaton Knolls, 211 
 
 Lloyd of Llai or Leighton, 72 
 
 Lloyd of Llugwy, 181 
 
 Lloyd of Llwynycnotiau, 211 
 
 Lloyd of Maesmawr, 72 
 
 Lloyd of Harrington, 72 
 
 Lloyd of Nantymynach, 210 
 
 Lloyd of Palau, 196 
 
 Lloyd of Peniarth, 207 
 
 Lloyd of Pentrehobin, 202 
 
 Lloyd of Plasmadog, 211 
 
 Lloyd of Plas uwch Clawdd, 38 
 
 Lloyd of Plas Power, 197 
 
 Lloyd of Rhagatt, 211 
 
 Lloyd of Rhandir, 197 
 
 Lloyd of Rhiwgoch, 180 
 
 Lloyd of Tregayan, 188 
 
 Lloyd of Wigfair, 204 
 
 Lluddocaf ab Ednowain ab Bradwen, 21 J 
 
 Llwyd, Edward, the Antiquary, ig5 
 
 Llwyd, Humphrey, the historian, 43, 105 ; his des- 
 cendant's claim to the barony of Lumley, 106 
 
 Llwyd, Meurig of Llwynymaen, 195, 196 
 
 Llwyd of Esclusham and Dulasseu, 19 
 
 Llwynymaen, 102 
 
 Llywarch ab Bran, 177 — 180 ; his sons, 177 ; arms, 
 
 178; extinct families, 180 
 Llywarch ab Gruffudd ab Gwenwynwyn, 66 
 
 Mac in Erse synonymous with the Welsh a/ or ab, 12 
 
 Madog ab Bleddyn, 116, 119 
 
 Madog ab Gruffudd Maelor, lo, 49 ; his sons, 50 
 
 Madog ab Gruffudd's children murdered at Holt, 55 
 
 Madog ab lestyn, 123 
 
 Madog ab Maredudd, 45 ; his death and burial, 46 ; his 
 
 di. scendants, 46, 47 ; his Norman wife's treachery, 46 
 Madog grupl, 53 
 Madog yr Athraw, 211 
 Madryn of Madryn, 188 
 Maelog Crwm, igo 
 
 Maelor, the lordship of Bromfield, why so called, 47 
 Maelor, Grufiudd, 47 
 Maesmor of Maesmor, 108 
 Malta, Knights of, 44 
 March, Mortimer Earl of, 67 
 Marches, Court of, its institution, 6 
 Marchers, The Lords, 67 
 Marchudd ab Cynan, igi — 195 ; extant and extinct 
 
 families, 194 
 Marchweithian, 198 — 201 ; arms, 199 ; extinct 
 
 families, 201 
 Maredudd ab Bleddyn, 42 ; his wives, 43 ; descendants, 
 
 44. "7 
 Maredudd ab Owain of South Wales, 38 
 Marsh, Dr., Archbishop of Armagh, 20 
 Matthew of Llandafif, 123, 133 
 Matthews of Esgair Foel Eirin, 1 18 
 Mathrafal Castle destroyed, 50 
 Maurice of Lloran, 102, 127 
 Mealy of Perfeddgoed, 124 
 Meredith, Sir William, 205 
 Meredith of Glantanad, 104 
 Meredith of Pentrebychan, 106, 121, 206 
 Meredith of Monachdy Gwyn, 180 
 Meredith of Trefalun, 206 
 Meyrick of Bodorgan and Goodrich Court, 179 
 Mihtia for the Scotch war raised in North Wales by 
 
 Edward II., 67 
 Mold Castle destroyed, 65 
 
 Morgan Hir ab lestyn and his descendants, 122 
 Morgan of Golden Grove, 194 
 Morgan ap Gruffudd ap Einion, 208 
 Morgan, Dr. William, Bishop of St. Asaph, 90, 189 ; 
 
 his letters to Sir John Wynn, 134, 142 ; his letter 
 
 to Mr. Martyn, 139 ; Sir John Wynn's reply, 136 
 Morice of Clenenneu, 16, 17 
 Morice, Dr. Andrew, Dean of St. Asaph, 18 
 Morice, Dr. David of Bettws, 18 
 Morice, Sir William, Secretary of State to Charles II., 
 
 17 ; knighted by James I., 80 
 Mortimer, Roger, 55 
 
 Mostyn family, 12, 21 1 ; surname first assumed, 12 
 Mostyn, Lord, 99 
 Mostyn of Bryngwyn, 83, 211 
 Mostyn of Segrwyd, 180 
 
 Music and Bardism regulated by Gruffudd ab Cynan, 4. 5 
 Myddelton, Charles, 95 
 
217 
 
 Myddelton, Foulk, 95, lo6 
 
 Myddelton, Sir Hugh, 95 
 
 Myddelton, Pierce, 95 
 
 Myddelton, Richard, 94 
 
 Myddelton, Robert, 95 
 
 Myddelton, Sir Thomas, 95, 96 
 
 Myddelton, Captain William, 94, 95 
 
 Myddelton of Chirk Castle, 14 
 
 Myddelton of Gwaenynog, 14 
 
 Mutton, Sir Peter, 9 
 
 Mwsoglen family, 178, 179 
 
 Mytton of Garth, 72 
 
 Mytton of Halston, 67 
 
 Mytton of Halston, John, his reckless expenditure, 67 
 
 Nanmor, Rhys, the poet, 210 
 
 Nanneyof Cefndeuddwr and Gwynfryn, 118, 176 
 
 Nanney of Maesyneuadd, 17 
 
 Nanney of Nannau, 109 ; their arms, 1 10 
 
 Nefydd Hardd, 188, 189 
 
 Ness ClifE, Wild Kynaston's retreat, 44 
 
 Nest, mother of Robert of Gloucester, 29 
 
 Newborough, Lord, 186 
 
 Newmarch, Bernard seizes the lordship of Brecknock, 28 
 
 Newton of Haethle, 121 
 
 Norman invasion of South Wales, 28 
 
 North Wales, its Princes paramount, 2, 46 
 
 Oakeley of Tanybwlch, 188 
 
 OfFa's Laws revived by Harold, Il5 
 
 Officers of the Welsh Court, I 
 
 Oldcastle, Sir John, apprehended in Powysland, 71 
 
 Orwel, Jane, mistress of Edward de Charletou, 77 
 
 Osbom, Fitzgerald, or Osbwrn Wyddel, 16, 182 
 
 Owain ap Aldyd, 202 
 
 Owain ap Cadwgan, a turbulent chieftain, 30 
 
 Owain ap Edwin of Tegaingl, 202 
 
 Owain ap Gruffudd ab Gwenwynwyn, 66 
 
 Owain Cyfeiliog, see Cyfeiliog, Owain 
 
 Owain Glyndwr, 53 ; his children and descendants, Ii7 ; 
 
 arms, 118 ; wife, 181 ; hid in a cave, 208 
 Owain Gwynedd, see Gwynedd, Owain 
 Owain Tudor, 15, 192 
 Owen, Griffith of Talybont, 209 
 Owen, Hugh of Bronyclydwr, 209 
 Owen, Dr. John, the Puritan divine, 209 
 Owen, Sir John of Clenenneu, 18, 175 
 Owen, Lewis, Baron of the Exchequer, his murder, 
 
 113, 114, 209 
 Owen, Sir Roger of Condover, 201, 203 
 Owen, Sir Thomas, Judge, 201, 203 
 Owen of Bettws Cedewain, 203 
 Owen of Bodeon and Orielton, 174, I79 
 Owen of Bodsilin, 18 
 Owen of Caerberllan, 209 
 Owen of Cefnhafodau and Glansevern, 38 
 Owen of Clenenneu, 174 
 Owen of Condover, 203 
 Owen of Garthangharad, 209 
 Owen of Hengwrt, 113 
 Owen of Llynlloedd, 203 
 Owen of Morben, 209 
 Owen of Peniarth, 208 
 Owen of Plasdu, 187 
 
 cc 
 
 Owen of Rhiwsaeson, 127 
 Owen of Tedsmore, 203 
 Owen of Woodhouse, 203 
 
 Panton of Coleshill, 201 
 
 Parry, Dr, Richard, Bishop of St. Asaph, 28, 90 ; his 
 
 letter to Sir John Wynn, 142 
 Parry of Cefn Llanfair, 186 
 Parry of Coleshill and Basingwerk, 204 
 Parry of Llwyn Yn, 90 
 Parry of Plasnewydd, 90 
 Parry of Tywysog and Pistyll, 201 
 Parry of Wernfawr, 176 
 Pelidys, a magician, 198 
 Pembroke, Earl, beheaded at Banbury, 81 
 Pennant of Downing, 211 
 Pennant of Penrhyn Castle, 194, 211 
 Penrhyn Castle, 194 
 Pen Rhys, Monastery of, 29 
 Pentarchia, a MS. History of the Royal Tribes in Latia 
 
 verse, 40, 52, 55, 127 
 Philip of Cyfeiliog, 202 
 Piers of Llanasaph, 204 
 Piozzi, Mrs., 82 
 Plas Dinas, Manor of, 78 
 Porthamel, 178 
 
 Powel, Dr. David, the historian, 90, 203 
 
 Powell, Sir Thomas of Nanteos, 202 
 
 Powell of Alrhey, 212 
 
 Powell of Brandlesome Hall, 38 
 
 Powell of Ednop, 127 
 
 Powell of Nanteos, 203 
 
 Powell of Worthen, 126 
 
 Powis Castle, 40, 62, 67 ; taken by Sir Thomas Myddel- 
 ton, 79 
 
 Powys, Barony of, conveyed from the Greys to the 
 Herberts, 78 ; claims to it, 75 
 
 Powys Fadog, why so called, 45, 57 
 
 Powys, Wenwynwyn do. 45, 57 
 
 Powys, Earls of, 81, 133 
 
 Powys, William, Duke of, 80 
 
 Powys, William, Marquis of, 80 
 
 Presaddfed, meaning of name, 173 
 
 Price, Sir John, the friend of Leland, 78 
 
 Price, Sir Robert, Chief Justice of the Common 
 Pleas, 200 
 
 Price of Cwm Mein, 201 
 
 Price of Dugoed, Penmachno, 201 
 
 Price of Fedw deg, 201 
 
 Price of Llanrwst, 201 
 
 Price of Rhiwlas, 199, 200 
 
 Price of Tyddyn Sieffrey, 201 
 
 Pritchard of Caergwrle, 206 
 
 Pritchard of Dincun, 176 .... 
 
 Prophecies, pretended, instrumental in brmgmg in 
 Henry VH., 57 
 
 Pryce, Sir Edward Manley, Newtown Hall, 128 
 
 Pryce, Sir John Powell do. "° 
 
 Pryce, Sir fohn do. 
 
 his letter to Bridget Bostock, 129 
 
 Pryce of Cyfronydd, 117 
 
 Pryce of Esgairweddan, 133 
 Pryce of Glwysegl, 122 
 Pryce of Llanfyllin, 122 
 
 128 
 129; 
 
2l8 
 
 Pryce of Llwyn Yn, 202 
 
 Pryce of Newtown Hall, 128, 131 
 
 Pryce of Vaynor, 133 
 
 Prys, Edmund, Archdeacon of Merioneth, 90, 93, 177 
 
 Prys, Ellis, Plas lolyn, 199 
 
 Prys, Captain Thomas, Plas lolyn, 200 
 
 Prytherch of Myvyrian, 178 
 
 Pugh of Abermaide, 209 
 
 Pugh of Ysceifiog, 204 
 
 Ranulph de Poer put to death, 35 
 
 Reinallt ap Gruffudd of the Tower, 89 
 
 Reynolds, John of Oswestry, 119 
 
 Rhaiadr Castle built, 35 
 
 Rhiwaedog, 17 
 
 Rhydderch of Tregayan, 188 
 
 Rhys ab Gruffudd, 37 
 
 Rhys ab Llewelyn ab Hwlcyn, 175 
 
 Rhys ab Tewdwr, 27 — 38 ; his death and arms, 29 ; 
 extinct families, 38 ; extant families, 38 
 
 Rhys Fawr ab Maredudd, Standard Bearer of Eng- 
 land, 199 
 
 Rhys Goch o'r Eryri, 186 
 
 Rhys Nanmor, 210 
 
 Rhys, Dr. John David, 94 
 
 Rhys, The Lord, 32 ; invades Cardigan, 33 ; his 
 successes, 34; submits to Henry IL, 34 ; feast at 
 Cardigan, 35 ; builds Rhaiadr Castle, 35 ; dies of 
 the plague, 37 ; his children, 37 
 
 Ririd ab Bleddyn, 116, 119 
 
 Ririd Flaidd Lord of Penllyn, 14, 95, 116 
 
 Robert of Gloucester, 29 
 
 Robert ab Rhys, Chaplain to Cardinal Wolsey, 199 
 
 Robert of Lygun, i86 
 
 Robert of Rhuddlan, slain by Gruffudd ab Cynan, 3 
 
 Roberts, Dr. William, Bishop of Bangor, 201 
 
 Roberts, of Hafodybwch, 211 
 
 Roberts of Llangedwyn, 104 
 
 Robinson, Dr. Nicholas, Bishop of Bangor, 23, 173 
 
 Rogers of Flint, 206 
 
 Rowlands, Dr. Henry, Bishop of Bangor, 187 
 
 Salesbury, Col. E. W. Vaughan of Rug, 56, 57, 107 
 
 Salesbury of Lleweni, 82, 83 
 
 Salesbury, William, the translator of the New Testa- 
 ment, 57, 92 
 
 Salisbury, Col. William, Governor of Denbigh Castle, 170 
 
 Sanctuaries violated, 30 
 
 Scolan, alleged destruction by him of Welsh MSS., 1 16 
 
 Sherlock, Bishop of Bangor, 13 
 
 Shrewsbury taken by the Welsh, 46 
 
 Sidney, Sir Henry and Sir Philip, 43 
 
 Simunt of Coedllai, 206 
 
 Smith, Chancellor of St. Asaph, 194 
 
 Smith of Vaenol, 187 
 
 Sontley of Sontley, 211 
 
 South Wales, fall of its independency, 28 
 
 Sparrow of Red Hill, 175 
 
 Stafford, Viscount, his attainder and its reversal, 71 
 
 Strata Florida Abbey or Ystrad Fflur, 35, 126 
 
 Strata Marcella Abbey or Ystrad Marchell, 58, 64 
 
 Sudeley, Lord, 158 
 
 Surnames first adopted by the Welsh, 12 ; variety of in 
 one family, 108 
 
 Tafolwern Castle, 57 
 
 Taliesin's Poem on the Tombs of the Warriors, 61 
 
 Tanad of Abertanad, 72, 102 
 
 Tanad of Blodwel, 104 
 
 Tankerville, Henry Earl of, 75 
 
 Taylor, Bishop Jeremy, 107 
 
 Thelwal of Plasyward, 82 
 
 Thelwal of Ruthin, 21 
 
 Thomas of Coedhelen, 179, 211 
 
 Thomas, Sir Rhys ab, of Dinevor, 132, 179 
 
 Thomas, Sir William, of Coedhelen, 132 
 
 Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, 77 
 
 Tower of London, repository for Welsh MSS., 116 
 
 Trafford, 211 
 
 Tracy of Gregynog, 158 
 
 Trahaiarn ab Caradog slain, 2 
 
 Trevor, Sir John, 96, 212 
 
 Trevor, Sir Thomas, 206, 212 
 
 Trevor, Lord, 212 
 
 Trevor of Brynkinallt, 1 78 
 
 Trevor of Trefalun, &c., 206, 211 
 
 Triads, The, 61 
 
 Tribes, Fifteen Noble, 171, 172 
 
 Tribes, Royal, i 
 
 Tribute of Hounds, Hawks and Wolves' heads, 125, 126 
 
 Tudor, Catherine, Queen and Widow of Henry V., 15 
 
 Tudor, Owen, 15, 192 
 
 Tudor of Penmynydd, 192, 193 
 
 Tudor Trevor, 210 — 212; arms, 211; sons and 
 descendants, 211 
 
 Tudur Aled, an eminent poet, 197 
 
 Turberville, Sir Payne of Coety, 123 
 
 Tyndale, William, translator of the Bible, III 
 
 Tyssilio, the author of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Chro- 
 nicle, 42 
 
 Uchdryd, lord of Cyfeiliog and Meirion, 202 
 
 Valle Crucis Abbey built, 50 
 
 Vanbutchell, Epitaph on Mary, 168 ; translation of 
 
 same, 169 
 Vaughan, Sir John, 97, 185 
 
 Vaughan, Dr. Richard, Bishop of London, 90, 187 
 Vaughan, Robert, the antiquary, 115 
 Vaughan, Sir Robert Williames, Bart., 110, 114, 195 
 Vaughan, Rowland of Caergai, the translator, 170 
 Vaughan of Aberkin, 1 87 
 Vaughan of Blaenycwm, 201 
 Vaughan of Burlton, 211 
 Vaughan of Corsygedol, 17, 38, 187 
 Vaughan of Glanllyn, 14 
 Vaughan of Golden Grove, 1 06 
 Vaughan of Llwydiarth, Caergai and Glanllyn, 104, 118, 
 
 122, 133 
 Vaughan of Llysfaen, 201 
 Vaughan of Nannau, arms of, no 
 Vaughan of Pantglas, 201 
 Vaughan of Plashen, 187 
 Vaughan of Talgarth and Tretower, 123 
 Vaughan of Talhenbont, 187 
 Vaughan of Wengraig, 113 
 
 Wales, its union with England, a blessing to both, 66 
 Wales, North, its boundary by the Treaty of 1264, 52 
 
219 
 
 Watstay, 9 
 
 Welsh chieftains, causes of their domestic feuds, 41 
 
 Welsh metres, 59 
 
 Welsh poetry, 67 
 
 Whittington Castle, 210 
 
 Wilcock, Mowddwy, 66 
 
 William or Wilcock ab Gruffadd ab Gwenwynwyn, 66 
 
 William, Sir Thomas ab, of Trefriw, 93, 177 
 
 Williams, Archbishop, 192, 193, 195 ; his letters to Sir 
 John Wynn, 143, 14S, 146, 150 
 
 Williams, Lord of Thame, 124 
 
 Williams, Rev. Richard of Fron and Machynlleth, 98 
 
 Williams, Sir William of Llanforda, 83 
 
 Williams, Sir William, Speaker, 99, 104, 181, 196 ; his 
 monument in Llansilin Church, 167 
 
 Williams, Sir William of Vaenol, 187 
 
 Williams of Aberarch, 188 
 
 Williams of Aberpergwm, 123 
 
 Williams of Bodelwyddan, loi 
 
 Williams of Cochwillan, 194 
 
 Williams of Colomendy, 204 
 
 Williams of Fron, 95 
 
 Williams of Hafod Garregog, 201 
 
 Williams of Marl and Pantglas, 18, 194 
 
 Williams of Meillionydd, 194 
 
 Williams of Penbedw, lOl 
 
 Williams of Vaynol, 194 
 
 Williams of Ystumcolwyn, 194 
 
 Willoughby de Eresby, Lady, 8 
 
 Wynn, Henry of Gwydir, 9, 180 
 
 Wynn, John of Bodvel, 186 
 
 Wynn, Sir John of Gwydir, 5 ; his children, 7 ; corres- 
 pondence with Bishop Morgan and Mr. Martyn, 
 134 — 142; instructions to his Chaplain, 151; 
 inventory of his wardrobe, 152 
 
 Wynn, John (his son) of Gwydir, 7 ; his wife, 7 
 
 Wynn, Sir John of Wynnstay, 9 ; his monument in 
 Ruabon church, 1 1 
 
 Wynn, Maurice of Gwydir, 82 
 
 Wynn, Sir Owen of Gwydir, 8 
 
 Wynn, Sir Richard of Gwydir, 7 ; contract with 
 Bernard Lyndesey, 154 ; inscription on monu- 
 ment, 154 
 
 Wynn, Sir Thomas of Bodvean, 186 
 
 Wynn, Sir Watkin Williams, Bart., 11, 83, 104 
 
 Wynn of Berthddu, 12 
 
 Wynn of Bodewrid, 180 
 
 Wynn of Bodvel, 186 
 
 Wynn of Bodychen, 175 
 
 Wynn of Bodysgallen, 12 
 
 Wynn of Bryn Cynwrig, 197 
 
 Wynn of Cerniogau, 200 
 
 Wynn of Coed Coch, 194 
 
 Wynn of Coedllai, 38 
 
 Wynn of Coparleni, 202 
 
 Wynn of Dolbachog, 38 
 
 Wynn of Dyffryn Aled, 162 
 
 Wynn of Eyarth, 211 
 
 Wynn of Galedlom and Caerwys, 204 
 
 Wynn of Garth, 72 
 
 Wynn of Garthewin, 162 
 
 Wynn of Gerwyn fawr, 211 
 
 Wynn of Giler, 197, 200 
 
 Wynn of Glyn Ardudwy, 17 
 
 Wynn of Glynllifon, 186 
 
 Wynn of Gwynfryn, 187 
 
 Wynn of Hafod y Maidd, 201 
 
 Wynn of Llangynhafal, 201 
 
 Wynn of Llwyn, 11 
 
 Wynn of Melai, 162, 194 
 
 Wynn of Pantglas, 200 
 
 Wynn of Pennardd, 186 
 
 Wynn of Penyberth, i86 
 
 Wynn of Plasnewydd, 201 
 
 Wynn of Tower, 88 
 
 Wynn of Wern, 21 
 
 Wynne of Peniarth, 209 
 
 Wynne of Voelas, 199, 200 
 
 Wynnstay, 9, 10 ; destroyed by fire and rebuilt, 10 
 
 Wythan of Trewythan, no 
 
 Yale of Plas yn Yale, 17 
 Young of Bryn Yorkin, 21 1 
 
REFERENCE TO THE PLATES. 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Lord Chancellor Ellesmere 
 
 6 
 
 Sir Thomas Myddelton 
 
 8 
 
 Sir John Wynn 
 
 10 
 
 Humphrey Duke of Buckingham 
 
 70 
 
 Catherine of Berain ... 
 
 82 
 
 George Lord Jefferies ... 
 
 96 
 
 Chief Justice Vaughan 
 
 98 
 
 Sir John Trevor 
 
 ... 100 
 
 Sir Orlando Bridgeman 
 
 ... 104 
 
 Humphrey Llwyd 
 
 ... io6 
 
 Sir Thomas Hanmer ... 
 
 ... 164 
 
 Sir William Williams 
 
 168 
 
 I. FOULKES, 18, BRUNSWICK STREET, LIVERPOOL.