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 Cornell University Library 
 F 499C6 G23 
 
 Man and the mausoleum .dedication of the 
 
 olin 
 
 3 1924 028 849 077 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028849077 
 
The Man 
 
 AND 
 
 The Mausoleum 
 
 DEDICATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Garfield Memorial Structure 
 
 IN CLEVELAND, OHIO, 
 
 MAY 30, 1890. 
 
 ^lak-fietcf hloJhoV^aSjM£\y'[oi-^\ aJi /jssoe. rArloAj 
 
 PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE GARFIELD 
 MEMORIAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 CLEVELAND. OHIO : 
 Thk Cleveland Printing ji Publishino Company. 
 
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 COPYRIGHT 1890. 
 BY GARFIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 
THH GARFIELD MEMORIAL. 
 
The Garfield National Memorial Association. 
 
 Ex-President Rutherford B. Hayes, 
 
 J. H. Wade, 
 
 T. P. Handy, . . 
 
 Amos Townsexd, 
 
 National Bank, of CoMMERcii, 
 
 J. H. Wade, 
 
 Amos Townsend, 
 
 T. P. Handy, 
 
 H. B. Payne, 
 
 James Barnett, 
 
 President. 
 I 'ice-President. 
 Vice-President. 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Executive Committee 
 
 Trustees, April i, 1889. 
 
 Charles Foster, 
 J. H. Wade, 
 James G. Blaine, 
 John Hay, 
 T. P. Handy, 
 William Bingham, 
 James Barnett, 
 
 Rutherford B. Hayes, 
 
 H. B. Payne, 
 
 Amos Townsend, 
 
 J. H. Rhodes, 
 
 Dan p. Eells, 
 
 J. B. Parsons, 
 
 W. S. Streator, 
 
 H. C. White. 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 THE delicate but sublime enterprise intrusted to and accepted 
 by the Garfield Memorial Association, nearly a decade since, 
 having been consummated in the construction and dedication of the 
 Memorial to the honor and memory of James Abram Garfield, 
 the Trustees have deemed it a duty, alike to the States and the 
 people who contributed thereto, to submit the following brief 
 historical statement of the manner in which they have executed 
 the sacred trust. This duty has been made to them more apparent 
 and seemingly necessitated since the dedication, by inquiry and 
 solicitation for some definite and permanent record of the event, 
 not only by those who participated in the ceremonies of the occa- 
 sion, but also of the many whose distance precluded their personal 
 presence, though with us in spirit. 
 
 The tragic death of the President of the United States, the 
 public expressions of grief and lamentation throughout the civihzed 
 world, the congressional obsequies, the long funeral train, the 
 return and entombment, still vividly remembered, and the con- 
 struction and dedication of his Mausoleum, are each and all herein 
 illustrated and described. 
 
 The structure is beUeved to be universally regarded as truly 
 imposing, both in magnitude and loftiness of situation, and a mar- 
 vel of elaborate artistic external aiTd internal decoration. It has 
 been said to be the first real Mausoleum ever erected to the honor 
 and memory of an American statesman, and the fourth of like 
 structures known in history. 
 
 The most famous memorial of antiquity was the renowned 
 structure erected by Artemisia, an Asiatic queen, to King Mau- 
 solus, her husband, at Halicarnassus, overlooking the vEgean, as 
 ours overlooks an inland sea. It was a structure so vast and ele- 
 gant as to be deemed one of the seven wonders of the world. 
 
— 6 — 
 
 Poets and orators competed in composing eulogiums at the dedica- 
 tion, four hundred years before the Christian era. 
 
 While Rome holds the matchless column of Trajan, and the 
 equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, it has but two memorial 
 structures worthy the name of the Oriental model — the mausoleum 
 of Metellus, on the Appian Way, and that of Hadrian, on the Tiber. 
 
 And now that ancient memorial art has been revived in the 
 construction of a true Mausoleum, the first in the history of the 
 nation, in a manner equal to, and in some respects of beauty of 
 embellishments surpassing ancient models, it will, we trust, forever 
 continue an object of municipal regard and reverential pride of the 
 people of the States contributing thereto in honor of the distin- 
 guished dead. Of the Trustees who devotedly carried on the work 
 from its inception to its consummation, all survived to participate 
 in the dedication ceremonies, saving Joseph Perkins, one of the 
 original Construction Committee, who departed life after five years 
 of valuable counsel and earnest co-operation, and J. H. Rhodes, 
 Trustee and Secretary, an early friend and college associate of the 
 lamented President, when the secretaryship devolved upon Hon. 
 Amos Townsend. 
 
 But hardly had the City been dismantled of the decorative 
 emblems of the dedication, when the national banner drooped at 
 half-mast, signaling to a sorrowing people the death of Jeptha H. 
 Wade. His affectionate devotion to the Memorial enterprise, his 
 liberal spirit and cultured taste, are largely manifest in the decora- 
 tive beauties of the Mausoleum which will command the admira- 
 tion of future generations. 
 
 The descriptive account of the Dedication, the Grand Proces- 
 sion, and the Return and Entombment, is herein largely compiled 
 from the admirable memorial editions of the Cleveland Leader of 
 May 30 and 31. The historical and descriptive paper on the Mau- 
 soleum is illustrated by reproductions from photographs, all depict- 
 ing the life of a pre-eminent American citizen — from the Cabin to 
 
 the Capitol — from the Cradle to the Grave. „ « 
 
 The Compiler. 
 
THE GARFIELD STATUE. 
 
THE MAN. 
 
ADDRESS BY JACOB D. COX. 
 
 My Fellow Citizens : We have come here to dedicate this 
 Memorial to one of our country's worthies. Our task is not the 
 mournful one which filled the streets of our cities with funeral 
 pageants nine years ago. If our thoughts take a tinge of solemnity 
 from the memory of the tragedy which brought the life of Garfield 
 to an untimely end and shocked the whole nation by the causeless 
 enormity of the crime, it will only make our retrospect the sober 
 and thoughtful thing it ought to be. Time heals all wounds, and 
 it is our privilege to think of the departed statesman who was once 
 our friend and neighbor as of a character already a historic one ; 
 analyzing his career with quiet pulse, not tortured by a grief too 
 poignant, and recalling his great qualities and his big-hearted 
 human sympathies in reminiscences full of real, if sober pleasure. 
 
 The massive structure which crowns this hill meets the eye of 
 the wayfarer as he comes to fair Cleveland from Hiram, the place of 
 Garfield's home and activities as youth and man ; where he labored 
 as teacher of the young, himself little more than a boy, and 
 whence he was called to that public life which made him the prop- 
 erty of the nation. From this tower, as from a watch-tower, one 
 may almost look into the rural quiet of Chagrin Falls, where his 
 childhood was spent, and into Mentor, the home he loved to think 
 would be his in the peaceful decline of life, when struggle and tur- 
 moil might be looked back upon as from a snug harbor, his work 
 well done, his fame solidly established, and the good-will of all 
 his countrymen a sure possession. 
 
 It is well that this Memorial should be built here, in the capital 
 city of the " Western Reserve," on the eastern side, where the 
 branching roads lead to all the counties of the old district he 
 
served for nearly twenty years. Himself a type of the Western 
 Reserve boy, his marble effigy under this dome is a sort of apothe- 
 osis of Western Reserve manhood. It is the emblem of the heroic 
 qualities developed out of the New England character in the 
 pioneer life of the West. It typifies the courage of man and of 
 woman, which planted new homes where savages still roamed; the 
 physical vigor of body and limb which felled the forest and sub- 
 dued it to the plow; the tireless industry and thrift, which 
 would be content with nothing short of the highest civiHzation 
 and the broadest enhghtenment; the soaring purpose and unfal- 
 tering will, which made it possible for every farmer's boy to aim 
 at the highest flights in literature, in science, and in statesmanship. 
 Standing in the presence of the Garfield statue, many a young soul, 
 conscious of kinship in self-dependence, in longing for cultivation 
 and for a nobler career, and possibly also in capacity and will, may 
 form aspirations and purposes as noble as this sculptured form, 
 and as pure as the marble in which it is chiseled. It will be the 
 rightful privilege of such a one to idealize the character which 
 serves as his model and stimulates his best ambitions. But there 
 is a sense in which idealization is more truthful than much which 
 nowadays passes for realism in literature and in art. A bad fashion 
 has come more or less in vogue of seeking out the coarse and the 
 repellant in every social scene and in every picture, and calling 
 powerful art that which photographs every detail which startles or 
 repels. I do not hesitate to call much of this the sickness and 
 imbecility of imagination, which, failing to see the poetic and the 
 beautiful which underlies all nature, takes refuge in a mere micro- 
 scopical enumeration of the outer coverings of nature and misses 
 the soul within. 
 
 The hero-worship of generous youth is juster than this, and 
 more natural. It sees the object of its admiration at a distance, 
 and upon a height that seems inaccessible. It sees it softened by 
 the intervening atmosphere, a little dimmed by the haze, but its 
 true proportions are better appreciated, its character is better known 
 than if one were digging at the base to tell the kind of earth from 
 which it mounts to the heavens. If personal monuments have 
 meaning at all, it is because they link a human life to history in 
 such a way as to make our time and our country better known to 
 
us and more comprehensible, when we see them typified and illus- 
 trated in the individual and concrete man, who was a striking 
 figure in the time and who did a man's full part in our country's 
 work. This structure and the statue it covers mean that Garfield's 
 countrymen see in him, and in what he did, so much that is worthy 
 of imitation, and worthily exhibits and interprets the critical 
 period of our national life through which we have just passed, 
 that they have wished to embody in imperishable stone the mem- 
 ory of it. They desire that it shall teach many generations to 
 emulate the good qualities which fitted him to lead in good direc- 
 tions and to seek that honor in good men's memories which comes 
 by subordinating selfish ends to the common good. They have 
 built this memorial in the belief that we all shall be the better for 
 learning well and wisely this lesson, and that he whose memory 
 it shall help preserve is a fit teacher of faith in our institutions 
 and in our country's destiny. Let us look at his life in this spirit, 
 and trace, in brief outline, a sketch of his growth from boy to man. 
 
 His childhood was not greatly different from that of other boys 
 in the new country. His father's death had put an extra burden 
 upon the mother of the family, which she bravely bore ; but he 
 was himself too young to appreciate the loss, or to know much of 
 the anxiety and care it caused to those who were older than he. 
 A happy temperament and a vigorous body made life a pleasure 
 to him, and he mingled his sports and his schooling in propor- 
 tions very like those of other boys of his neighborhood. The dis- 
 trict school is a thorough democratic institution. There was no 
 aristocracy within its walls but to be head of the class, and no 
 privileges on its play-ground except to win in the foot-race or the 
 wrestling match. The degrees of fortune in such a community 
 were not enough to cause either pride or heartburnings. All were 
 laborious, all were intelligent, all were mutually dependent for 
 society and for neighborly offices. All were in one sense poor, for 
 the new clearings were no places for luxury. In another sense all 
 were rich, for they were independent, physically comfortable, full 
 of enterprise and hope, and were not humiliated by contrasts in 
 social condition. 
 
 Our political campaign literature is apt to dwell upon a public 
 man's narrow circumstances in youth, as if they called for sym- 
 
pathetic pity or for a heightened admiration at the energy and 
 abihty which rose from such unpromising beginnings. Some of 
 us are old enough to remember when Clay was pictured as the 
 " mill-boy of the slashes," and Ewing as the "salt-boiler of the 
 Muskingum." As "pet names" among party followers they do 
 well enough in giving something of the picturesque to campaign 
 advocacy ; but we must be candid enough to admit that they mean 
 nothing more than that the youth of men, who became leaders in 
 a new country, must be spent in the way that others live. When 
 the dense forests of Ohio had to be cleared and made into farms, 
 chopping and logging, burning the wood, leaching the ashes, 
 making " black-salts" of the lye, were part of every farmer's ex- 
 perience, and a valuable part of every boy's education. We may 
 put away the notion that Garfield needed any pity for a hard or 
 pinching boyhood. He himself looked back upon it with content, 
 if not with pride. He was not pampered, but neither was he 
 ground down. He knew his chances were as good as those of his 
 mates. He did not dream how far he might go, but he knew he 
 could mount. He learned that he was not only as strong and as 
 nimble as those about him, but he could spell them down in the 
 spelling-school, and out-cipher them at the blackboard. What 
 more could a boy in the Cuyahoga valley want ? 
 
 The time came when the boy must begin to plan a little for his 
 future life. There were dreams of roving to satisfy a growing 
 wish to know more of the world. There were brief experiments 
 in employments that seemed nearest at hand. There were con- 
 sultations with mother and with friends. It is safe to guess that 
 his teachers in school became interested in a boy who took his 
 lessons as play, and with quick, clear glance saw through the tasks 
 that others plodded slowly at. Our Western Reserve people owe 
 more to our schoolmasters than we have yet acknowledged. The 
 teaching of the grammar and the arithmetic were a small part of 
 their services. They were almost always young and full of per- 
 sonal ambition. They were the confidential friends of the bright 
 boys and girls, stimulating their minds more by enthusiastic praise 
 of the value of education than by the learning they themselves 
 imparted. Their best scholars they felt a pride in, as if they were 
 in some degree the work of their hands. They opened to them 
 
— 13 — 
 
 visions of what they might accompUsh. They preached the joys 
 of an intellectual Hfe with a power and success that Hamerton 
 might envy. In such an atmosphere and under such influences 
 young Garfield's purposes gradually but surely shaped themselves. 
 It began to be clear to him that brain labor was to be his work, 
 and he set himself to getting the fit preparation to .make it a 
 success. 
 
 The little episodes in his life in 'which he sought employment 
 to earn money enough to carry on his studies find a proper place 
 in any full biography of the man and give it a lively human in- 
 terest ; but in such a sketch as this it is enough to say that his 
 first advances beyond the common school had to be made by the 
 thrifty use of all the means he could earn in any honest labor in 
 which his vacations could be employed. The controlling purpose, 
 the persistent will to become an educated man, never faltered for 
 an instant. The discipline of mind and of body which he got in 
 thus mingling active physical labor with his brain work, and in 
 holding fast his plan of life through interruptions and apparent 
 hardships, was so useful a part of his training that one could wish 
 every student of sound physique might do the same for the good 
 results to body and mind. It is one of those blessings in disguise, 
 like the primal condemnation of man to eat his bread in the sweat 
 of his face, which the indolent vein in our nature shrinks from, 
 but which our better reason sees to be the necessary condition of 
 all true accomplishment. He who is born in luxury does nothing 
 worth doing till, in spite of his overwhelming temptations, he be- 
 comes a laboring man in some one of God's fields worth the tilling. 
 It may be a Grote in the domain of history, or a Gladstone or 
 Salisbury in the unpaid but wearing toil of high public adminis- 
 tration ; but in any case it is only the fixed habit of work, almost 
 slavish work, the hardening of the neck to the yoke, that enables 
 the most brilliant abilities to achieve results that the world will 
 care to remember, or will build memorials to them. Let us not 
 count it any misfortune to Garfield that his circumstances offered 
 no temptation to idleness; but a good fortune, rather, that the 
 necessity of work was joined to a capacity to work in things that 
 were a succession of solid stepping-stones to a high destiny. 
 
 At Hiram, a new institution of learning was making a feeble 
 
— 14 — 
 
 beginning, which, under Garfield's influence, was to grow into 
 collegiate importance. Founded, as nearly all our colleges have 
 been, by the zeal of a church organization, it drew to it the youth 
 who from sympathy with its religious tenets or from family con- 
 nection with the denomination, found it a congenial place of in- 
 tellectual and moral growth. Enthusiastic in both directions, 
 Garfield, beginning as a student in the lower classes, soon became 
 a man of mark in the school. As he advanced in his studies he 
 became tutor in some of the lower classes, and his gift of clearly 
 explaining what he knew and of rousing enthusiasm by the con- 
 tagion of his own seemed to prove him a born teacher. So in- 
 deed he was, the only unsolved part of the problem being whether 
 i-e should be a teacher of youth from the professional chair of a 
 college, or lead the thoughts of masses of men in the field of 
 politics. In those early days he does not appear to have put the 
 question, even to himself. He was full of ardent zeal both in 
 learning and in teaching. His own intellectual ambition was fully 
 satisfied with the vision of a lifetime spent in sounding the depths 
 of human knowledge and adding to its store, whilst he should be 
 the guide to young men and women earnestly seeking entrance to 
 his treasures. He was conscious enough of the other impulse in 
 him to physical activity of an energetic sort, not altogether in 
 harmony with the peaceful quiet of a permanent academic life; 
 but the student nature was so strong in him also that he did not 
 doubt his most solid contentment and truest satisfaction would be 
 found in the paths that seemed to be then opening to him. Prob- 
 ably nothing could have turned him away from this plan of life 
 but the overwhelming crisis through which the country was soon 
 to pass. He always felt that the events which wrenched him 
 away from his chosen career were indisputable proof of the truth 
 of the proverb " Man proposes, but God disposes." His earlier 
 plans were not willingly abandoned nor did they lose their fasci- 
 nation for him. They were his plans. The other was the work 
 fate had marked out for him, and into which he was crowded, step 
 by step, one thing after another coming as the duty of the hour, 
 till his own purijoses were hopelessly beyond recall and he was 
 filled with the spirit of a new career. 
 
 I am anticipating a little, in order to emphasize my belief that 
 
— IS — 
 
 in his student days at Hiram, when the managers of the institu- 
 tion were showing him their expectation that he would perma- 
 nently ally himself to the fortunes of the college, and when he 
 was planning to make himself fit for it by finishing his college 
 course in New England, he was thoroughly happy in believing 
 that he saw before him a life of dignity and importance enough to 
 satisfy his ambition, whilst it was one in which every day's work 
 would be a joy to him. He wisely judged that no man can wish 
 for a happier lot than one in which he earns his bread in employ- 
 ment which is in itself a delight to him, and in which every day's 
 work is labor and recreation at once. 
 
 Garfield entered the junior class at Williams College in 1854, 
 and graduated in 1856. The change of scene and of association 
 widened his horizon. The test of his powers in comparison with 
 more systematically trained students in the older institution of 
 learning gave him confidence in himself, whilst it enabled him to 
 judge his own deficiencies justly and form a broader plan for his 
 continued cultivation. During his whole life he was enthusiastic 
 in his recognition of the personal influence of President Hopkins 
 upon his mind and character, and insisted that the man who 
 taught was the college in the best sense, the endowment and the 
 machinery of instruction being only the accessories, however costly 
 in money. He brought back to Ohio this deep conviction of his 
 personal responsibility as a teacher, and when he resumed his 
 work at Hiram College, he quickly showed that he was capable 
 of being to other young men the inspiration and the guide that 
 Mark Hopkins had been to him. He at once impressed his own 
 personality upon the school, determined as far as the means at his 
 command would permit to establish high standards of scholarly 
 attainment, but above all to infuse into his pupils the divine en- 
 thusiasm of scholarship, the burning zeal to know, which, rightly 
 started, continues a consuming fire during a whole lifetime. If 
 we would understand properly Garfield's later career, we must 
 carefully study this period of his early development and the 
 maturing of his powers. His work changed, but his mental traits 
 did not. His theories of the presentation of truth so as to make 
 it attractive; his power of showing it to all sorts of people so as 
 to make them seize it with pleasure and hold it with tenacity ; his 
 
— i6 — 
 
 preference of friendly persuasion over denunciatory antagonism ; 
 his love for adorning a debate in Congress or on the hustings with 
 some flower of literature or of science brought from another field ; 
 all these traits of his mental methods and tastes take us back to 
 the days of his presidency of the institution at Hiram, when from 
 the professor's chair, from the pulpits of his religious associates 
 where he was always welcome, and from the lecturer's platform 
 where he at once made a brilliant local reputation, he was 
 industriously using his power to lead the minds of others, and 
 demonstrating his capacity to do so on a large scale. 
 
 It was during this period that my personal acquaintance with 
 Garfield began — an acquaintance that ripened into a life-long and 
 intimate friendship. He came to Warren about the year 1858 to 
 deliver a popular lecture upon the recent and striking advances 
 in science. The good people of Trumbull, the mother county of 
 the " Reserve," were interested in him as the head of a promising 
 institution of learning just over their border in Portage county, 
 and were themselves so intelligent a community that they appre- 
 ciated the scholarly character and the oratorical powers of the 
 lecturer. He was eagerly heard on every topic which he chose to 
 present, and their faith in him and admiration for him remained 
 steadfast during all the twenty years thereafter that he was their 
 political leader. It was built upon their knowledge of him in his 
 eager and enthusiastic youth, and on their pride in him as a worthy 
 product of the bone and sinew as well as the aspiring brain of the 
 pioneer colony on the lake shore. Portage and Geauga fully 
 shared the feeling, Lake, Ashtabula, and Mahoning soon caught 
 it, and gave him a constituency of \\-hich a statesman might well 
 be proud. As their representative, sustained by tlieir constancy, 
 their tolerance of some differences of opinion, and their sympathy 
 for independent and solid thinking, the field of his labor was en- 
 larged till his fame became national, and his reputation was the 
 property of the whole country. 
 
 But even in 1858, on the very verge of being summoned into 
 public life, he saw nothing of what was to come. He meant to 
 make his position as an educator one from which he might use his 
 powers for every good cause with independence and with vigor ; 
 but he still clung to the idea that his central work and chief a\'o- 
 
— 17 — 
 
 cation might be in the college where his dreams of growth and of 
 influence first took definite shape. At this time he was a splendid 
 specimen of early manhood. Of large and symmetrical form, with 
 muscles of iron, the strength of a young Hercules, of ruddy com- 
 plexion, of exuberant spirits that compelled him to physical as 
 well as mental activity from the mere dehght in life and in action, 
 he came into every circle as a fresh and invigorating influence ; 
 stirring the blood of others by sheer force of sympathy. He took 
 hopeful and bright views of things. His sense of the humorous 
 was quick even when treating of grave subjects. His merry laugh 
 gave brightness to every conversation in which he took part. 
 His hearty grasp, and with his intimates his still heartier hug, 
 made everybody warm to him at once. At home with the simplest 
 people as well as wit,h the most cultivated and learned, no one was 
 overawed, but admiration and personal liking were apt to run a 
 race for precedence, and it was hard to tell which outran the other. 
 With such elements of popularity as well as such exceptional 
 powers, it needed no wizard to predict that the man would hardly 
 be left to choose his career. 
 
 We must recollect that the affairs of the nation were rapidly 
 approaching a crisis. It had become evident that the people of 
 the free states were fully determined that no more slave states 
 should be admitted to the Union. The political struggle over the 
 admission of Kansas and Nebraska had arrayed the North and 
 the South on opposite sides of the question, whether the federal 
 Constitution established slavery upon federal territory, in spite of 
 the will of the majority of the citizens of the territory. The day 
 of compromises was past, and men arrayed themselves in their 
 poHtical organizations with a clear recognition of the terrible fact 
 that political strife was verging close upon civil war. The moral 
 elements of the struggle brought moral and rehgious teachers to 
 the front. Your jail in Cleveland had been tenanted by the learned 
 and refined Professor Peck, of Oberlin College, and a band of 
 men of a class only seen behmd the bars of a prison when the 
 agitation of politico-moral questions has reached the danger line. 
 Their consciences in regard to their duty to fugitive slaves had 
 come into conflict with the letter of the federal statute. Where 
 the sympathies of this community were was demonstrated by the 
 
~ i8 — 
 
 public meetings which assembled on the park within sight and 
 hearing of the jail. At the call of Giddings and Chase, delega- 
 tions from all parts of the Western Reserve came here to pledge 
 their lives and fortunes, if needs be, to a more perfect establish- 
 ment of the free principles of the Declaration of Independence. 
 It was the fashion in the Reserve to call college professors into 
 political Hfe. When Garfield in 1859 was nominated State Sen- 
 ator from Portage and Summit, his constituents only followed the 
 example of Lorain and Medina, where Monroe, of Oberlin, was 
 already Representative in the General Assembly, beginning an 
 equally long career of public service. It spoke volumes for the 
 character of our people that when the danger of armed collision 
 had become imminent, and their sturdy courage did not shrink 
 from the thought, they still chose intellectual leaders to guide the 
 storm who were professionally men of peace, in full confidence 
 that their cause was one that could well afford to wait till such 
 men said forbearance had ceased to be a virtue, and that it was 
 time to strike. Garfield was already well known in his district as 
 an eloquent and unflinching advocate on the side of slavery re- 
 striction; but his canvass after his nomination widened and 
 strengthened his reputation. It need hardly be said that he was 
 a prominent figure in the legislature from the opening of the 
 session in January, i860. With characteristic zeal he applied 
 himself to all the business of the Senate, making himself ready 
 and familiar with the rules of parliamentary procedure, and with 
 all the conditions of practical success in legislation. The first 
 session was an apprenticeship in the new duties, but it was also 
 something more. It made him known as a man capable of first- 
 rate eminence in affairs. It showed he had the tact to catch the 
 spirit of a deliberative body, and to mold its action without pro- 
 voking antagonisms, or making needless chafing or jealousy. It 
 proved that sooner or later a congressional service would be in 
 the natural evolution of things, unless he should refuse. As a 
 straw which showed the operation of his own mind, it may be well 
 to note that in this senatorial term he was admitted to an exam- 
 ination for the bar by the Supreme Court, without the usual evi- 
 dence of going through a law-clerkship. He had not yet recog- 
 nized the fact that his connection with his college must be broken ; 
 
— 19 — 
 
 but he saw the possibUity, at least, that the calls of public duty 
 would prove inconsistent with the constancy of devotion demanded 
 of a college president, and looked to the practice of the law as a 
 secular employment more easily fitting into vicissitudes of politics. 
 It certainly would do no harm to have, as the proverb goes, " two 
 strings to his bow. " The fact was, though he did not know it, 
 that he had already begun that exclusive devotion to public affairs 
 which was to cease only when assassination brought it to an un- 
 timely end. There was to be time for little more teaching in 
 college halls, and his acceptance of retainers for clients were to be 
 few and far between, not because he could not have commanded as 
 great success at the bar as at the capitol, but because the demands 
 of official duty were to be so overmastering and so burdensome as 
 to leave little room for anything else. 
 
 He went back to Hiram in the Summer of i860, but with all 
 his versatihty we may suspect that the college was necessarily 
 deprived of most of his time and labor. Events were marching 
 rapidly. The political conventions at Charleston, at Baltimore, 
 at Chicago, kept the country in a ferment. The disruption of one 
 great political party and the marvelous growth of another brought 
 first three, then four, candidates for the Presidency into the field. 
 The reasonable probability that Lincoln might be elected made 
 his followers who were private citizens feel like dropping their 
 usual employments and giving their whole time to politics. How 
 then could the young Senator, boiling with enthusiasm and rest- 
 less in his abounding energy, stay at home ? If he had been will- 
 ing to stay, the demands for the silver-tongued advocate of free- 
 dom were too numerous and too insistant to give him leave. The 
 harness was on, and he was not to put it off till he was ready to 
 be brought here for his final repose. 
 
 The Winter of 1860-61 was not only full of the intensest polit- 
 ical excitement, but it was a time when questions of personal duty 
 to the country were pressing upon many a man. Beginning with 
 South Carolina, the Southern States were following each other 
 into secession with fearful rapidity. It was a serious question 
 whether Washington would be the actual capital of the Nation 
 when the time for Lincoln's inauguration should come. Schemes 
 were on foot for separating the Northern States, and for making 
 
the dissolution of the Union a success, by preventing any solid 
 co-operation among the loyal States. The weakness of the 
 national government threw great responsibilities upon the several 
 States. What preparation, if any, should be made for war ? How 
 far should the fear that warlike preparation would precipitate con- 
 flict be allowed to go in preventing measures of common pru- 
 dence ? There never was a time, since the Union was first formed, 
 in which so great and so national responsibilities rested upon State 
 legislatures and State executives. The mere act of secession of 
 several States together so paralyzed the forces of the national 
 government that nothing but the most active co-operation of the 
 loyal States could keep it alive. 
 
 It was in the midst of these appalling circumstances, and in the 
 debates of questions directly affecting the national life, that Gar- 
 field spent the adjourned session of the General Assembly. It 
 hardly need be said that in such an apprenticeship, statesmanship 
 was rapidly learned by one who had the natural gifts for it. But 
 the gathering war-cloud brought still more startling questions of 
 personal duty. What should he do if civil war should actually 
 break out ? His plans of life had been as remote as the poles from 
 any connection with military ideas or practice. If not quite cler- 
 ical in his relations, he certainly had looked on his life as one pro- 
 fessionally devoted to peace. He was revolving the matter in his 
 mind, but postponing its decision, hoping that it need not be de- 
 cided, when the attack upon Fort Sumter came to drive away our 
 dreams of peace as straws in the path of a tornado. The way 
 then became plain for a few steps at least. First, Ohio was to 
 give the national government the legislative help it needed to or- 
 ganize its armies and fill its treasury ; then the personal duty to 
 do a man's part in the fight would follow. 
 
 When the legislature adjourned, Garfield was able to give a 
 few weeks to alternate private and public duties. The enthusiastic 
 response of loyal men to President Lincoln's first call for troops 
 had more than filled Ohio's quota, and it seemed possible that 
 civil duties might be the only ones in which he could serve the 
 country. The extraordinary duties of the Governor involved 
 negotiations with other States respecting arms and munitions of 
 v/ar, as well as questions concerning the most efficient methods of 
 
co-operating to sustain the general government. Garfield volun- 
 teered for any such work in which he could be useful, and he 
 spent the early Summer in active assistance of Governor Dennison 
 in the class of duties I have mentioned. But in the last week of 
 July the country was agitated anew and as deeply as in April, 
 though in a different manner. The battle of Bull Run was fought 
 and lost by the strange panic which turned a well-planned and 
 successful engagement into a sudden rout. The first feeling of 
 disappointment and dismay was followed quickly by a revulsion of 
 wrath and sterner purpose. The people took a juster view of the 
 magnitude of their task, and warmly supported the President in 
 his new call for three hundred thousand men. The flattering 
 hopes of ending the rebellion by a campaign of ninety days were 
 buried with grim earnestness of purpose, and men prepared their 
 minds for a long and desperate struggle. 
 
 Garfield's path of duty again opened plainly before him, and 
 he promptly stepped into it. All other obligations dwindled before 
 the overmastering one of saving the national life. His college 
 halls were abandoned, this time forever. When a man enlists for 
 active war, e^■en if he were the most thoughtful of men, he sees 
 that no future can be planned. He drops his tools upon the work- 
 bench, he leaves the plough in the furrow, or he shuts the door of 
 his college lecture-room behind him, with the solemn thought that 
 God only knows whether he shall ever come back to resume his 
 work. If he be a thoughtful man (and Garfield was broadly and 
 deeply thoughtful) he calmly reckons his life already given for the 
 land he loves ; and should he come home safe and sound again, he 
 will receive it as a new gift, almost as one raised from the dead. 
 He hardly looks to to-morrow. To-day's task fills all his mind, 
 and to do it well is the soldier's standard of right living- 
 Like many of our volunteersof 1861, Garfield would have been 
 glad to serve under men who had some training in military life, 
 but the idea still ruled at Washington that the regular army must 
 maintain its organization. He was chosen colonel of the Forty- 
 second Ohio, and devoted the rest of the Summer and the Autumn 
 to preparing it for the field. Just at the close of the year he was 
 ordered into Eastern Kentucky, and a brigade, in which he com- 
 manded as senior colonel, was made practically a little independ- 
 
ent army, holding the wild region of the Big Sandy valley. A 
 dashing conflict with the Confederate forces under Humphrey 
 Marshall proved his fitness for command and he was made a briga- 
 dier-general. Assigned to duty in his new grade in the concen- 
 trated army of the Ohio under Buell, he took part in the campaign 
 of Corinth (Mississippi), which followed the battle of Shiloh, and 
 in the operations of the Summer of 1862. He learned, however, 
 that his robust body had its weakness, and that the irregularity of 
 camp diet was peculiarly injurious to him. A severe illness sent 
 him home to recuperate, and while there he was nominated to 
 Congress by his district. He would have preferred continuing in 
 the military service, but the serious doubts as to his maintaining 
 good health in the field decided him to return to civil life. The 
 canvass was brilliantly made, and he was elected at a time when 
 a political reaction in Ohio reduced the representatives of his party 
 in Congress to so small a number that his position was made 
 doubly important. His term would not begin till March, 1863, and 
 unless there were an extra session, his active duty in the House 
 of Representatives would only commence in December following. 
 The intervening Winter he spent in Washington, studying the 
 situation of affairs from that central position, whilst engaged in 
 military service upon courts-martial and other assignments of 
 similar character. This gave him the opportunity to become per- 
 sonally acquainted with the President and the officers of the 
 administration, as well as with many who would be his colleagues in 
 the House. He could become familiar also with the methods of 
 business and with the controlling sentiment of the parties in the 
 legislative bodies. For a public man, time could not be more 
 profitably spent, and to one so apt in learning and so quick to 
 master a new situation as Garfield was, it resulted in his feeling at 
 home in the House and in his work from the beginning. 
 
 But his military career was not to end at once. An honorable 
 chapter was to follow, in which his name was to be brilliantly con- 
 nected with great events. He chafed at the prospect of inaction 
 during the long interval before the new Congress should assemble, 
 and the Secretary of War acceded to his wish to spend the Sum- 
 mer of 1863 with the army in the field. He joined the Army of 
 the Cumberland, now under the command of Rosecrans, and was 
 
— 23 — 
 
 invited to take the position of chief of staff to that general. Here 
 he was in immediate contact with the management of an army, 
 and was the chief ministerial officer between the commander and 
 his subordinates. He counseled in all discussions of plans, and 
 assisted in conferences of the leading officers. He studied strategy 
 on a large scale, and his opinions were received with respect by 
 all, for his powers of analysis and quick intellectual comprehension 
 of practical problems qualified him to form judgments that were 
 sound, and to advocate them with force and clearness. The Sum- 
 mer was not passed without renewed painful experience of the fact 
 that camp-life was injurious to his health, but when the advance on 
 Chattanooga began, he was again fit for duty, and entered into the 
 campaign with great spirit and energy. It culminated in the 
 bloody battle of Chickamauga, and it has become a familiar tale in 
 every household of the land how Garfield, in the supreme crisis of 
 the battle, carried to General Thomas on the left the news of the 
 situation at the broken center and right, and remained with him 
 who is nobly immortal as the " Rock of Chickamauga," upon the 
 forest-clad hill, which was now beleaguered and stormed at by the 
 multitudinous hosts of the enemy, concentrating all their power to 
 wrest a decisive victory from the indomitable divisions which held 
 it as a fort, nearly surrounded yet stubbornly held. The volunteered 
 ride out of the turmoil and confusion on the Dry Valley road, 
 through Rossville and over the ridge, out by Granger's position, 
 running the gauntlet of the fire of Confederates closing in upon 
 the isolated left wing, was of the romance of war in itself, and has 
 become of historic interest because of the great results that were 
 trembling in the scale. The waning day amid the powder-smoke 
 and the crash of battle, when he stood with Thomas by the little 
 cabin and clearing on the hill-top in the center of that famous horse- 
 shoe line ; the quiet night which fell upon the little group by the 
 camp-fire, when Bragg's brave soldiers gave up in despair the task 
 of carrying the stronghold ; the midnight march back to Chatta- 
 nooga, are scenes of wondrous dramatic interest, in which the 
 active military work of Garfield ended. 
 
 His reputation as a man of courage and an officer of real 
 capacity was so well established that no one doubts his military 
 career would have been among the most important and distin- 
 
— 24 — 
 
 guished, could he have followed it to the end. As it was, it was a 
 shining episode in his experience as a statesman, showing what he 
 was capable of in other fields had not his duty been appointed for 
 him in legislative halls. For it is plain to us now, as we look upon 
 his completed life, that his work in Congress was that for which all 
 the rest was preparation. Other things had occupied him for a 
 time, they had contributed to form his judgment, to widen his 
 experience, to mature his powers, but the years, close upon a score, 
 that he was to spend in the House of Representatives, embrace his 
 real life-work Even his elevation to the Presidency was rather 
 the evidence of his countrymen's admiration of him as a popular 
 and legislative leader than a significant part of his own career. 
 Cut off prematurely, his administration had no opportunity to 
 carry out any large policy. The large grasp and ability he had 
 shown in every other part of his life is sufficient warrant for our 
 faith that it would have been marked by broad statesmanship and 
 manifest power ; but it was God's will that his work as legislator 
 should remain the thing which will ever be distinctively his. The 
 rest is among the "might-have-been's," big with many grand pos- 
 sibilities not to ripen into full fruition. 
 
 To my mind Garfield's mental character is so plainly a devel- 
 opment from first to last, that, to understand him, the history of 
 his earlier life is more important than the work of his matured man- 
 hood; not, of course, in itself, but as the explanation of all that 
 he did later, and the necessary condition of comprehending it. I 
 think, therefore, that in any general estimate of the man these 
 earlier stages of his life will always fill what may seem at first a dis- 
 proportionate place. At any rate, taking this view of it, I shall 
 not feel obliged to go largely into the details of his public service as 
 a member of the national Congress. Indeed, to do so would be 
 to narrate the legislative history of the country during nearly a 
 whole generation which included all the later war measures, the 
 Constitutional amendments abolishing slavery, the whole of the 
 reconstruction of the Union, the funding of the national debt, the 
 resumption of specie payments, and a long list of other important 
 subjects growing out of the civil war. No history of the country 
 will fail to give him a prominent place in the digesting, maturing, 
 harmonizing and advocating the long series of laws which may be 
 
said to have created a new Union, more strong, more progressive, 
 more consistent and more solid than the old. All I can now do 
 is to point out how the character which I have sketched in its 
 growth showed itself in some of the phases of this active and 
 brilliant life. 
 
 He was pre-eminently noticeable for grasping the intellectual 
 side of every question. He delighted in referring the debate to 
 broad principles. He loved to summon to his aid the learned dis- 
 cussions of the masters in economics, in jurisprudence and in 
 history. He was not content with narrow reasons of local interest 
 and selfish advantage ; but sought to base his arguments upon the 
 harmony of the broad interests of all mankind when they are 
 wisely examined and deeply understood. When he rose to speak 
 his political opponents were not repelled, but attracted. They as 
 well as his own party understood that the subject before them 
 would receive a scholarly as well as a statesman-like treatment, 
 and that whether he convinced them or not, everybody must be 
 instructed by the force of his views and profited by the lofty plane 
 on which they were conceived. 
 
 His desire was to persuade and to win others to his views, and 
 even in cases where party lines were sharply drawn, he preferred 
 to present to his opponents and to the country the reasonableness 
 of his own position, rather than to use the weapons of denunciation 
 and ridicule. He never lost the geniality of his nature, and 
 never allowed personal venom to rankle in the wounds made by 
 his keen sword of logical and temperate argument. 
 
 His fertile imagination and aptness in comparison and illus- 
 tration made him often poetic in his oratory, full of the true afflatus 
 which makes a discourse on a noble theme a thing to delight and 
 to captivate his auditors, however antagonistic they might be in 
 purpose. 
 
 These tastes and tendencies decided his choice of subjects in 
 discussion. He could sit silent amid an irritating partisan debate, 
 till some turn in it, some allusion, some situation which suggested 
 a new line of thought would occur, when he would rise and infuse 
 a new spirit into the discussion, making the House feel as if a 
 fresh and wholesome breeze had passed through it. His historical 
 references to the great debaters and statesmen of other times or 
 
— 26 — 
 
 other lands would indirectly shame the disputants away from the 
 petty and the personal, and challenge them to a nobler, a manlier, a 
 more intellectual contest. 
 
 It followed that others were more likely to be the parliamentary 
 managers of the floor, watching for the tactical errors of the other 
 side, making embarrassing motions or amendments, rallying a 
 party vote, manipulating the dilatory proceedings in a bout at 
 " fillibustering," and he was quite willing to be one of the rank and 
 flle apparently, when this was the order of the day. But when 
 the debate rose to matters of public policy, to the principles of 
 taxation, to the value and the interest of a scientifically conducted 
 census, to the blessings of general education, to the advantages both 
 economic and educational of the great government surveys and 
 explorations, few indeed were his rivals and none his superiors. 
 
 He did not rely alone upon his large mental acquisitions, but 
 was laborious and indefatigable in adding to his stores, and in mak- 
 ing special preparation for every important debate. Yet his speeches 
 never ' ' smelled of the lamp. " His happy faculty of extemporane- 
 ous speech was such that even when his use of learned material of 
 apt quotation was most exuberant, it seemed the spontaneous out- 
 pouring of a full memory, and not the deliverance of a set oration. 
 
 These qualities came to be widely known throughout the land 
 as his reputation grew to be national. He had in extraordinary 
 degree the power to interest a popular audience in subjects that 
 were even abstruse. His facility in bringing out first principles 
 made the complex appear simple. His readiness in illustration 
 would make familiar and homely things useful, to throw light upon 
 that which had seemed dark. He could drop all technical and 
 scientific terms, and put a solid argument in such everyday words 
 that plain men wondered how there could be any mystery about it. 
 His big, youthful nature, his evident geniality and sympathy with 
 others so shone in his person, his speech, his familiar greeting, 
 that all who heard him felt that they knew him, and in knowing him 
 were stirred to both admiration and liking. His growth in popu- 
 larity was the most natural thing in the world, because the surest 
 and strongest way to cultivate it was simply to be himself; for his 
 whole constitution and nature was of the popular mould, in which 
 the superiority of brain, which makes a leader, is united with 
 
— 27 — 
 
 simplicity and good humor, that makes a man easy of approach and 
 does not offend the pride of those who follow him. 
 
 His nomination to the Presidency, and the canvass in which 
 he was elected, revealed the fact that he was regarded by hosts of 
 people with a favor akin to warm personal affection. His popu- 
 larity was shown to be wide and sohd, and he a people's leader 
 who strengthened the party that nominated him. No doubt the 
 sad story of his untimely end quickened men's sympathy and 
 made friends of some who had been coldly critical or hostile. His 
 spirit would gratefully appreciate the sweet human charity which, 
 for his sufferings, would disarm all enmity, and make men of all 
 parties unite in common appreciation of his noble gifts, his lovable 
 nature, his ardent patriotism, and his great public services. 
 
 And so men of all parties have united to build this Memorial 
 and to place this statue upon its pedestal to commemorate these 
 virtues and these services. Antagonisms are here forgotten. Cyn- 
 ical carping has no place here. The good, the great, the strong, 
 the wise, and the patriotic were all so abundant in him that out of 
 them the young of coming generations may construct an ideal on 
 which to mould themselves. The weaknesses, the limitations, the 
 imperfections incident to human nature, and which every man must 
 humbly acknowledge his share in, may here be dropped from view, 
 and the model to be imitated is made up of those noble and gener- 
 ous qualities which were so marked in the man we honor to-day. 
 
 The people of this land, far and near, are at this very hour 
 decorating the graves of their fallen patriots and heroes with 
 affectionate and heartfelt love and reverence. Our task is part of 
 theirs. We join our countrymen in the loving duty. This Me- 
 morial is a permanent decoration of the tomb where lies the body of 
 a soldier and a patriot, whose services to his country were so great 
 and so brilliant that the dignity of this structure and the durability 
 of this monument only give fitting expression to the solidity of 
 trust, the honor, and the regard with which the American people 
 cherish the memory of such as he. May it be to us and our 
 children the continuing lesson in patriotic endeavor which it was 
 designed to be; and may many generations, as they look upon it, 
 find it stimulating them to that nobler manhood which shall 
 develop our free institutions into all they ought to be. 
 
THE MAUSOLEUM. 
 
HISTORIC AND DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH. 
 
 Soon after the melancholy death of President Garfield, in 
 September, i88i, a movement was begun in Cleveland to erect a 
 monument to his memory, and Hon. J. H. Wade, Senator H. B. 
 Payne and Joseph Perkins, of Cleveland, were appointed a com- 
 mittee for that purpose. This committee issued an appeal to the 
 nation for contributions to build the monument, which was 
 promptly and generously responded to, showing how widespread 
 and profound was the grief over the untimely and tragic death of 
 the President. 
 
 The fund thus raised, with the accumulation of its interest, 
 amounted to over $150,000, of which $75,000 was contributed by 
 the citizens of Cleveland, and $14,000 more from Ohio, outside of 
 Cleveland. New York gave over $14,000; Illinois nearly $5,500; 
 Iowa nearly $3,000; Wisconsin, $2,000; Pennsylvania, $1,800; 
 Maine, $1,600; Kansas, $1,500; Missouri, $1,500; Indiana, 
 $1,400; and Connecticut, over $1,000; Montana Territory gave 
 over $1,900; sums ranging from $4 to over $900 were given by 
 twenty-seven other States and nine Territories. France gave 
 $1,149.16; England, $5; Australia, $12; Belgium, $40; and 
 Canada, $3. 
 
 The work of obtaining contributions was prosecuted by the 
 committee until June, 1882, when it was thought advisable to 
 incorporate an association under the laws of Ohio, under the name 
 of the Garfield National Monument Association, which consisted 
 of the following members : Gov. Charles Foster, Ex-President R. B. 
 Hayes, Hon. J. H. Wade, Senator H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, 
 T. P. Handy, Dan P. Eells, W. S. Streator, J. H. Devereaux, 
 Selah Chamberlain, John D. Rockefeller, H. B. Perkins, Hon. 
 John Hay and J. H. Rhodes. 
 
 A meeting of the incorporators was held July 6, 1882, at 
 
— 32 — 
 
 which an executive committee of five was appointed, and J. H. 
 Rhodes elected Secretary. At the regular annual meeting, held 
 in June, 1883, a committee, consisting of Joseph Perkins, John 
 Hay and H. B. Hurlbut, was appointed to prepare and issue invi- 
 tations to architects and artists to submit designs, in competition, 
 for the monument. Three prizes were offered of $1,000, $750 and 
 $500 respectively, and this invitation was issued through the Asso- 
 ciated Press and by private circulars sent throughout the United 
 States, England, Germany, Italy and France. About fifty 
 different designs were submitted in answer to this invitation, by 
 artists of Europe and America, each accompanied by a sealed 
 letter containing a mark or motto similar to one on the design, so 
 as to identify the artist and his work after the examination of the 
 designs and close of the competition. This was done that the 
 decision might be reached without personal knowledge of the 
 authors of the designs. 
 
 The trustees of the Association, before adopting any design 
 and with a view to an impartial and right conclusion, called to 
 their assistance two eminent, competent and disinterested architects 
 to aid them. Mr. Henry Van Brunt, of Boston, and Mr. Calvert 
 Vaux, of New York City, were the experts chosen. These two 
 came, singly and at separate times, to Cleveland, made a careful 
 and independent examination and reported their decision to the 
 trustees, without any knowledge of the authors of the designs or of 
 each other's conclusions. Both experts singled out the design of 
 George Keller, of Hartford, Conn. , for the first prize. 
 
 On the 2 1 St of July the design of Mr. Keller was accordingly 
 adopted, and he was thereupon appointed architect of the 
 Memorial. 
 
 The design was but a slight sketch or study, drawn to a very 
 small scale, but sufficiently in detail to give a general idea of the 
 proposed Memorial, in the development of which Mr. Keller was 
 allowed ample latitude. He felt that here was an opportunity given 
 him not only to erect an imposing monument, but to do something 
 for the advancement of art in America. To this end he visited, in 
 the Fall of 1884, many of the famous monuments in Europe, of 
 both ancient and modern times, and in studying them improved 
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— 33 — 
 
 In October, 1885, the contract for all of the cut stone and mason 
 work was awarded to Thomas Simmons, of Cleveland, and the 
 work of excavation for the foundation begun. Before any of the 
 foundation stones were laid the trenches were inspected by several 
 distinguished engineers and approved by them. As the work pro- 
 gressed, criticisms on the foundations were made, to the effect that 
 they were not sufficiently secure and rested on perishable surface. 
 These criticisms resulted in the appointment of a committee of 
 three, by the Civil Engineers' Club, of Cleveland, who, with the aid 
 of Architect Keller, thoroughly investigated the subject, and, on 
 June 8th, 1886, the committee made report that the weight of the 
 structure was not nearly so great as had been represented, and that 
 it was not at all likely to settle by reason of insecurity of the foun- 
 dations. A special report was also made by Gen. W. J. McAlpine, 
 Engineer of New York City, the highest authority in the country 
 on foundations, in which he declared the foundations "to be 
 entirely safe against unequal or objectionable settlement." Thus 
 ended the criticisms of the foundation. 
 
 At the annual meeting in 1886, after the above examinations 
 and reports had been made, Mr. Keller submitted to the Board of 
 Trustees a modified plan of the Memorial, with a view to still 
 further improve the design so as to have less the appearance of a 
 tower or observatory and to give it a more tomb-like character, 
 befitting its purpose. The proposed modification was fully con- 
 sidered and discussed, and was unanimously adopted by the Board. 
 The Memorial, as it now stands completed, testifies to the wisdom 
 of this decision, for there is nowhere in the country one approach- 
 ing it in monumental effect. 
 
 The Memorial is situated in Lake View Cemetery, in the 
 suburbs of Cleveland, on a high ridge of ground overlooking a 
 region of country closely associated with Garfield's memory. It is 
 a striking feature in the landscape, a landmark visible from afar 
 and one that will always live in the memory. It is built of the 
 native sandstone of Ohio, and its form is large and imposing — a 
 circular tower fifty feet in diameter, rising boldly in the air to its 
 summit, 180 feet from the ground. It is elevated on a broad stone 
 terrace, which is reached by a flight of wide spreading steps that 
 form a dignified approach to the Memorial. 
 
— 34 — 
 
 At the base of the tower projects a square porch, decorated 
 externally with an historical frieze which is within easy view from 
 the terrace and ground. This frieze is divided into panels con- 
 taining life-sized has reliefs that represent in a language understood 
 by all, the career of Garfield, as a Teacher, a Statesman, a Soldier, 
 a President, and the last panel represents his body lying in state in 
 the Rotunda at the Capitol. 
 
 The life of Garfield, not unlike that of many distinguished 
 Americans, was full of variety, showing nearly all the character- 
 istics of our national life, and those the sculptor, Mr. Casper 
 Buberl, has cleverly reproduced. 
 
 The five panels contain over one hundred figures, all life-size, 
 and present an epitome of Garfield's life in a most graphic manner. 
 The first panel shows him as a young man in the middle of a 
 country school room teaching the boys of his neighborhood. On 
 the wall hangs a map of the United States, and a portrait of George 
 Washington. An outline of the Hartford Soldiers' Memorial Arch, 
 drawn on a blackboard, is a reminder that Ohio was formerly a 
 part of the Western Reserve of Connecticut. One boy recites his 
 lessons, another is at the blackboard, while the rest of the class is 
 variously occupied at different tasks. The portrait of Garfield in 
 this panel is an accurate copy of a photograph of him at that age, 
 loaned for the purpose by Mrs. Garfield. 
 
 The second panel is a brave and brilliant episode in the life of 
 the dead general, where he rode to Gen. Thomas with a dispatch 
 through a hail of death, and against the protests of Rosecrans, to 
 accomplish one of the most dramatic incidents of the civil war, at 
 the battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Garfield as an orator the artist has portrayed in a very effect- 
 ive manner ; he has happily chosen a peculiarly American custom 
 for his subject, not representing him as addressing monotonous rows 
 of congressmen in the representative chamber, delivering a formal 
 address on some State occasion, but he has chosen to represent him 
 as speaking to the people at an outdoor mass meeting, stirring 
 them by the power of his oratory. He stands in the center of the 
 composition on an impromptu platform, which is decorated with 
 the American flag. Seated at his left hand are the chairman of the 
 meeting and other prominent citizens, and on the right are the 
 
SECOND PANEL GENERAL GARFIELD AT CHICKA^LAUGA BEARING DISPATCHES 
 
 TO GENERAL THOMAS. 
 
 FRIEZE OVER PORTICO. 
 
— 35 — 
 
 reporters, busily noting the words of his speech. This forms the 
 central group of the composition. On either side of the platform 
 are crowded the listening multitude, representing all ranks of 
 life, and in all stages of emotion, affected by the eloquence of the 
 speaker. Some are thoughtful as if impressed by a deep feehng of 
 what they hear ; some are enthusiastically cheering, and wave their 
 hats, while others look intently on the orator, unwilling to lose a 
 word of his speech. Banners and mottoes are borne aloft, and the 
 whole scene is alive with excitement, while in the center stands 
 the manly form of Garfield, who seems to have just ended a stir- 
 ring speech and waits for the applause to subside. 
 
 We have all witnessed such gatherings, and in looking at the 
 sculptor's work take an interested part in the representation. It 
 appeals alike to the most critical and to the general public, which 
 stamps it as a true work of art. 
 
 The fourth panel, which occupies the position to the extreme 
 right of the facade, is the crowning triumph in the career of this 
 successful American. In the center is Chief Justice Waite and 
 Garfield, one hand on the Bible and the right lifted to heaven, as 
 he takes the oath of office. Behind him sit Ex-President Hayes, 
 and Wheeler, and behind the Chief Justice, Arthur, soon to be 
 elevated to the Presidency by the assassin's act. General Sherman, 
 Blaine, Carl Schurz, Logan, Senator Sherman, Evarts, and other 
 noted men are distinguished among the throng of people. 
 
 The last panel represents the bier of the assassinated Presi- 
 dent, and is a composition that will touch the sensibilities of the 
 coldest beholder. Death is the impressive incident. The grief of 
 age, the tender sympathy of the child, the warmth of woman's 
 sorrow, the sturdy pain of the old soldier, the tear of the young 
 boy, the silent grief of the sentinel Knight — all is graphically 
 portrayed. On each side of the porch bearing this decorated 
 frieze, are staircase turrels that give access to a balcony which 
 commands an extended view of the surrounding country. 
 
 The tower itself is crowned with a conical-shaped stone roof, 
 enriched with bands of sunken tile pattern ornaments. An arder 
 of arcaded niches enriches the top of the tower under a boldly 
 designed cornice. These niches contain twelve colossal allegorical 
 statues, representing the twelve signs of the zodiac which mark the 
 
— 36 — 
 
 sun's path, signifying that the memory of Garfield shall be as 
 enduring as time. 
 
 A band of shields, bearing the arms of the States of the Union, 
 extends around the tower, just below the feet of these statues. 
 
 The porch is entered through a wide and richly decorated 
 recessed portal, and within is a vaulted vestibule, with a pavement 
 in stone mosaic, leading to a mortuary chapel which occupies the 
 entire space enclosed by the outer circular walls of the tower. 
 Those who have seen the shrine of Edward the Confessor, in 
 Westminster Abbey ; Thomas 'a Becket, at Canterbury, or 
 Edward the VII's Chapel, can imagine how splendid they must 
 have been in olden times. The Chapel of the Medice, in Flor- 
 ence, is the richest interior in Italy, and the Albert Memorial, at 
 Windsor, is splendid in stained glass, sculpture and decoration. 
 These are mentioned because there is a popular idea that color and 
 decoration are entirely out of place in a Memorial, and nothing 
 but cold, white marble, black lines and general gloom should per- 
 vade such an interior. 
 
 The Chapel of the Garfield Memorial is glorious with stained 
 glass, golden mosaic, and rich decorations in beautifully colored 
 marbles. Here the architect has called to his assistance the artist, 
 sculptor, mosaicist, and glass-worker, to carry out a complete 
 scheme of polychromatic decoration, thus creating one of the 
 richest interiors in the world. 
 
 This Chapel or Memorial Hall is circular in form, and con- 
 tains a marble statue of Garfield, standing on a pedestal in the very 
 center of the chamber. Arranged in a semicircle around the statue 
 is a row of massive, deep red colored, polished granite columns, 
 which support a dome that forms a noble canopy over the statue. 
 A circular aisle extends around outside these columns, permitting 
 the spectator to survey the statue from all points, and to study the 
 story of a rich marble mosaic frieze which forms a band of color 
 just above the circle of columns, having for its subject the Funeral 
 Procession of the dead President. 
 
 It is sad to think of the ruin of Hunt's beautiful paintings, 
 in the Albany capitol, which might ha\e been preserved to us, if 
 they had been designed for and executed in a more monumental 
 material than paint. Even the frescoes of Michael Angelo, in 
 
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— 37 — 
 
 the Sistine Chapel ; Giotto's frescoes, in Assisi, Padua and else- 
 where, are in all stages of decay ; and the historical paintings in 
 the Palace of Westminster are rapidly going to ruin. 
 
 On the other hand, the gold mosaics in St. Sophia, in Con- 
 stantinople ; in the Cathedral of Moureale, Sicily; in the mauso- 
 leums, baptisteries and churches of Ravenna, Rome, and elsewhere 
 throughout Italy, are as brilliant and fresh as they were a thousand 
 years ago. " Painting for Eternity," Michael Angelo exclaimed, 
 as he gazed on these dazzling processions of saints and angels. Of 
 Mosaic, Sir Digby Wyatt says, the effect of splendid, luxurious, 
 and at the same time solemn decoration, is unattainable by any 
 other means which he has found employed in structural embellish- 
 ment. Seeing this beautiful and enduring work abroad, and con- 
 vinced that it was the only material to use in the most important 
 part of the decoration of the Memorial, the architect was not 
 deterred by its great cost, or the difficulties in procuring the right 
 artists and workmen to execute it. 
 
 Twenty-five years ago gold mosaic was a lost art, when a poor 
 glass blower of the Island of Murano, near Venice, Lorenzo Radi, 
 appHed himself with great perseverance and intelligence to the 
 improvement of enamel mosaics, and especially to the manufacture 
 of gold mosaics. In Italy, and especially the island of Murano, 
 the traditions of the workers have been handed down from father 
 to son for centuries, and have never altogether died out. Dr. 
 Salviati, a lawyer of Venice, entered into an arrangement with 
 Radi, and from this beginning the art of gold mosaic has been 
 restored to us. 
 
 Dr. Salviati. — The death of Dr. Salviati is announced at the 
 age of seventy-four. His name has been to a great extent identi- 
 fied in Venice and in England with the revival of the art of mosaic, 
 and of the Venetian artistic glass industry. He was not himself 
 an artist or designer, and his efforts in setting up again these two 
 artistic crafts on their old ground seem to have been prompted 
 a good deal by patriotic feeling, coupled with that kind of insight 
 which enables the possessor of it to foresee a probable demand and 
 provide for it. In as far as the Murano glass manufacture was 
 concerned, it was carried on in too archaeological a spirit, even to 
 the conscious production of irregularities and crookedness of make; 
 a kind of thing which took the public when it was novel, but which 
 the best artists saw through and on occasion denounced. In 
 
-38- 
 
 regard to this kind of effort the Murano glass work has had its day 
 of fashion, and capricious modern taste is getting tired of it, as is 
 pretty sure to be the case with all art work which is a revival of old 
 fashions for the sake of revival ; but there is no doubt that inci- 
 dentally it gave an impulse to the long-forgotten idea that table- 
 glass was a thing capable of beautiful artistic design and expres- 
 sion, and not merely a utiHtarian class of goods for practical use; 
 and most of the other efforts at giving artistic form and spirit to 
 glass utensils have been at all events stimulated by the example of 
 Salviati's enterprise or the desire to rival it. In regard to mosaic, 
 the position taken by Salviati and his coadjutors is more stable. 
 They provided for the manufacture of the material and the proper 
 carrying out of the process of fixing ; and though a good deal of too 
 archaic work was done by them for church architecture in the high 
 tide of the Gothic movement, the more rational artistic use of the 
 material by designers has now brought mosaic decoration into 
 higher repute, and the gratitude of the artistic world is equally due 
 to the man who recalled and revived the use of such a splendid 
 medium for architectural decoration. — The Builder. 
 
 The revival of marble mosaic as an adjunct to architecture is 
 even more recent than that of ceramic and glass mosaic. The 
 kind of marble work practiced almost exclusively during the middle 
 ages was the Opus Alexandrium, in which every fragment was 
 shaped into some regular geometrical form ; but of true marble 
 mosaic, in which the fragments were of irregular shape and each 
 fashioned by the workman as he required it. We can call to mind 
 no later example than the Baths of Caracalla, at Rome, which date 
 as far back as 211 A. D. But about twenty years ago an obscure 
 body of Italian workmen commenced its reproduction, traveling 
 about the various cities of Europe, like the Freemasons of the mid- 
 dle ages, wherever they could find employment, with very httle 
 organization and very small means. This work consisted chiefly 
 of an imitation of the ancient opus incertum, that is, small irregu- 
 lar shaped fragments of various colored marbles, not combined into 
 any particular pattern but with an eye to a pleasing combination 
 and harmony of color, which was surrounded by a border of more 
 regular mosaic, also in marble, in which pictorial designs were intro- 
 duced. These traveling workmen laid many pavements of this kind 
 in Paris, Vienna, Pesth, Lyons and other towns in the south of 
 France, before the value of their work began to be recognized. One 
 singular fact in connection with this kind of work is that not only do 
 
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 FOURTH PANEL TAKING THE OATH OF OFFICE AS PRESIDENT. 
 
 FRIEZE OVER PORTICO. 
 
— 39 — 
 
 all the good workmen come from Italy, but the best workmen are 
 all from one particular province, that of Udine, north of Venice. 
 It is only now and then that a Piedmontese, a Milanese, a Roman, 
 or a Neapolitan can be taught to be a good mosaicist in this par- 
 ticular branch of the art. 
 
 The processional frieze already referred to is entirely exe- 
 cuted in stone mosaic, formed of different colored tesserae, the 
 name given to the small pieces of stone of which the mosaic is com- 
 posed. The ancients rarely if ever used stone mosaic for wall dec- 
 orations where pictures or figures were introduced in the design. 
 It may be considered as a modern use of this beautiful material, 
 and this frieze is the first work of the kind in this country to so 
 large a scale. Indeed there are but few examples in Europe of 
 such importance. 
 
 The color of the ground of this frieze is a deep red, and the 
 figures are of a cream or buff color in different shades, boldly out- 
 lined in black. Other colors are used sparingly for the hair, 
 wreaths and elsewhere, to give effect to the composition — all the 
 natural colors of the stones used. Over 200,000 tesserae were 
 required to make this mosaic alone. 
 
 The pavement surrounding the dais, on which the statue 
 stands, is also executed in stone mosaic in beautiful patterns and 
 color, and the dais is made of what is known as sectile mosaic, in 
 which the elaborate design is made of rare and beautiful marbles 
 shaped to the outline of the pattern and highly polished. 
 
 The dome and the panels on the side wall, which correspond 
 with the illuminated glass windows, are encrusted with glass or 
 Venitian mosaic on a golden ground. This kind of mosaic admits 
 of a much more brilliant coloring than stone mosaic, as the pieces 
 which make up the mosaic are made of colored glass. The gold 
 pieces are made by applying a thin sheet of gold leaf over the glass 
 and then spreading a film of glass over the gold, so that the gold 
 is imprisoned between the two layers of glass. This broken into 
 small cubes form the pieces of which the background is made. 
 The luminous effect of this mosaic dome is beautiful as it gleams 
 in different degrees of brightness, according to the curve of the 
 surface, or the changing position of the observer. 
 
 The central panel of the frieze, opposite the entrance, repre- 
 
— 40 — 
 
 sents Columbia and her daughter States in attitudes of grief, grouped 
 around the bier of the dead President. Right and left is a proces- 
 sion comprising all sorts and conditions of men, bringing their trib- 
 utes of love and respect to lay them on the bier of General Garfield. 
 To the spectator's right are Senators, Representatives, framers of 
 the country's laws, preceded by an allegorical figure of "Law," 
 followed in the next panel by "Justice," preceding a group of 
 members of the Supreme Court. Beyond comes a figure of 
 " Concord," emblematic of the sympathy felt by all nations of the 
 world at the untimely fate of the illustrious statesman, the nations 
 being indicated by ambassadors from Europe, Orientals, Indians 
 and Pacific Islanders, in their distinctive costumes. 
 
 Starting from the center again, to the spectator's left hand, we 
 see " War, " followed by types of the military and naval services, 
 lowering the national banner at the feet of their lost commander. 
 In the next panel " Literature," preceding the Author, the Lect- 
 urer, the Teacher and pupils of each sex. Next comes an allegor- 
 ical figure of ' ' Labor, '' bearing a spade and a steam engine, 
 indicative of hand and machine labor, heading a group composed 
 of artizan laborers, male and female, canal boatman, etc. The 
 panel furthest from the center group symbolizes the distant parts of 
 the Union, where a veteran of the war with his aged wife, unable 
 in person to join the throng that wends its way to the President's 
 tomb, send a son as their delegate to deposit their offering of 
 admiration and respect for the leader's memory. 
 
 The dome, which is also inlaid with Venetian mosaic, in its 
 entirety, is again significant of the sorrow of a whole people. In 
 the alternative sections, at their proper cardinal points, are winged 
 figures of North, South, East and West; at the base is a band of 
 wreaths, conjoined, corresponding in number to the States and 
 Territories of the Union, on a ground of the red and white stripes 
 of the American flag. These wreaths are alternately of laurel 
 and immortelles, emblematic of earthly glory and heavenly 
 immortality. The stars form a band in the upper portion of the 
 dome. 
 
 The ceiling of the circular isle outside the row of columns is 
 also vaulted and decorated in color, and a high wainscoting in 
 polished Numidjan marble runs around the chamber beneath the 
 
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— 41 — 
 
 rich stained glass windows, which stream a flood of mellow light 
 over the whole interior. 
 
 Over the entrance door are seated figures in glass mosaic of 
 "War " fully armed, and " Peace " holding forth the olive branch. 
 Underneath "War" and " Peace" is the inscription, "Erected by 
 a grateful Country in memory of James Abram Garfield, 20th 
 President of the United States of America, Scholar, Soldier, States- 
 man, Patriot; born 19th Nov., 1831; died A. D. Sept. 19th, 1881." 
 
 The four panels, two on either side of the door, together 
 with the ten windows, contain standing female figures with dis- 
 tinctive emblems, representing fourteen States of the Union, i. e., 
 the thirteen original States and Ohio, the native State of General 
 Garfield, the arms of each State being blazoned on a shield below 
 the figures. 
 
 The series commences on the proper left hand of Peace, with 
 "Ohio," bearing a log cabin, where Garfield first saw light. 
 The next window is dedicated to "New Hampshire," holding an 
 axe at her feet, timber and rolls of cloth, products of the State. 
 Then "Massachusetts," the center of literature, on her brow the 
 poet's crown, and bearing a scroll ; by her side books and an early 
 printing press. "Rhode Island," decked with jewelry, the 
 produce of her industry, and holding a jewel casket ; cotton goods 
 at her feet. "Connecticut," with the Charter Oak, globes and 
 educational books, clocks, etc. "New York," in her left hand 
 the statue of Liberty, in her right an ocean steamer; at her feet 
 scales and other emblems of her commercial pre-eminence. " New 
 Jersey," displaying a piece of silk, beside her specimens of pottery 
 and glass. " Pennsylvania," carrying a lamp and supporting a cog 
 wheel, for her wealth in mineral oil, and her iron industries. 
 "Delaware" bears a basket laden with fruit. "Virginia," the 
 tobacco plant and bales of m.anufactured leaf ' ' North Caro- 
 lina " exhibits rice and sugar-cane and southern fruits. " Georgia" 
 is represented with a saw and pine tree, in allusion to her many 
 saw-mills. "Maryland" bears a model of the White House at 
 Washington, the residence of Garfield when he had risen from his 
 humble origin to the First Citizen of the American Republic. 
 
 The plain surfaces of the walls are painted to harmonize with 
 the other decorations, and the mouldings and carved work are 
 
— 42 — 
 
 picked out with color and gold. The statue is made the soul of 
 the monument. The whole design leads up to and is concen- 
 trated in this central figure. The monument grows out of this 
 kernel, as it were, which is enshrined in its heart, and the chapel 
 surrounds and rises above it and proclaims it to the world. In the 
 crypt, underneath the mortuary chapel, is placed the body of 
 Garfield, away from the public gaze and safe from the invasion of 
 that privacy which should always surround a place of sepulcher. 
 
 Mr. Keller was ably assisted in his work on the Memorial by 
 John S. Chappele, architect, of London, and under whose super- 
 vision, during Mr. Keller's absence from this country, much of the 
 mosaic and stained glass work was executed. Mr. Casper Buberl, 
 of New York, was the sculptor of the exterior historical panels, 
 which so tellingly illustrate the career of Garfield. The cartoons 
 for all the mosaic work and stained glass were made by H. Walter 
 Lonsdale, an eminent artist living in London, but who was born in 
 America. 
 
 The mosaic work was executed by Messrs. Burke & Co., of 
 London, Paris and New York. Messrs. Worrall & Co., of Lon- 
 don, executed the stained glass. 
 
 The chairman of the executive committee, Hon. J. H. Wade, 
 has been from the beginning patient and untiring, and brought to 
 the discharge of the arduous duties imposed on him good com- 
 mon sense and sound judgment. To him is largely due the suc- 
 cessful completion of the work. 
 
 Finally, the central thought of the Memorial is the statue. An 
 admirable likeness in pure white Carrara marble, mounted upon a 
 black marble base. It is seven feet nine inches high, including the 
 plinth, and the entire height of the statue and pedestal is twelve 
 feet and three inches, and the weight of the whole is ten tons, and 
 cost $10,000. It represents Garfield just risen in Congress, and 
 standing in a characteristic position. The chair is carved from the 
 same block as the statue, and is an exact representation of the one 
 he occupied in Congress. Alexander Doyle, the designer, was 
 born in Steubenville, Ohio; began the study of sculpture in New 
 York, spent several years in Italy, where he won an enviable pro- 
 fessional reputation, and whose crowning triumph is here illustrated 
 and perpetuated. 
 
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PROGRAMME OF EXERCISES. 
 
 Early in the day people began to gather in Lake View Ceme- 
 tery, but the crowd was not of large size, the great multitude pre- 
 ferring to see the procession as it passed along Euclid Avenue. The 
 huge Memorial arch at the cemetery gates was simply decorated. 
 Three flags were artistically bunched upon either tower, and from 
 their lofty peaks fluttered large banners. The trees were out in full 
 foliage, the fresh lawns were closely cut, and the cemetery, before 
 it was invaded by the trampling feet of the crowds, was a picture 
 of beauty. The Memorial structure itself was without outer deco- 
 ration other than a large silk flag which majestically floated on the 
 light breeze from a tall staff at the north end of the vestibule bal- 
 cony. A flag was draped over the doorway between the vestibule 
 and the Memorial shrine, on the inside. The shrine itself was sim- 
 ply but tastefully decked with flowers. Hanging baskets were 
 suspended between the columns that support the dome over the 
 statue, banks of flowers rested on the window ledges, and at the feet 
 of the statue was placed a basket of exquisite red roses, brought by 
 Mrs. Garfield when she came to attend the dedication exercises. 
 
 The speakers' stand and the singers' stand were north of the 
 Memorial, the former facing the rear roadway. The space availa- 
 ble for the audience was not large, but it was the best that the 
 topography of the place afforded. Both stands were covered on 
 the outside with red cloth, upon which were decorations of red, 
 white and blue tissue paper in the form of swords, crosses, lyres, 
 Masonic emblems, etc. Flags waved from standards placed at 
 intervals on the outer rails. On the west side of the speakers' 
 stand were displayed the dates 1831 — 1881, those of Garfield's 
 birth and death, and upon the singers' stand the words, "One 
 
-46 — 
 
 Country, one Flag," and "Welcome, Comrades." A beautiful 
 bouquet of flowers was on the small table near the chairman's 
 position, and at either front corner of the speakers' stand was a brass 
 cannon, surrounded by foliage plants, its wheels trimmed with red, 
 white and blue, and its mouth stopped by a ball of the same deco- 
 rating material. 
 
 Mrs. Garfield arrived at the cemetery some time in advance 
 of the procession. With her were her sons, Harry, James, Irvine, 
 and Abram, her daughter, Mrs. J. Stanley Brown, Mrs. Harry 
 Garfield, Colonel and Mrs. Rockwell, General and Mrs. John 
 Newell, and Miss Newell. They were given the place of honor 
 directly in the rear of the presiding officer's chair. Mr. Rudolph, 
 Mrs. Garfield's brother, was in the city, but marched in the pro- 
 cession with the veterans of the Forty-second regiment, of which 
 he was a member. Mrs. Rudolph, with her two sons, remained in 
 the city. The sky was slightly overcast with clouds, a cool breeze 
 had sprung up, and the comfortable seats in the bright speakers' 
 stand proved a very acceptable place in which to wait for the 
 beginning of the exercises. Pending the coming of the dis- 
 tinguished guests who rode in the procession, the holders of the 
 tickets for the speakers' stand took their seats. They were the 
 members of Garfield Memorial Committees and their families 
 and citizens who gave liberally to the Memorial Fund. 
 
 When the head of the procession reached Lake View Cemetery 
 a tremendous crowd stood at the gates, extending down on Euclid 
 Avenue on either side, in one solid mass, as far as the eye could 
 reach. The people fell in at the rear of the procession and 
 followed it toward the Memorial, but not one-quarter of them 
 went to the front of the stands to listen to the speakers. They 
 dispersed about the cemetery, a large number were massed in front 
 of the Memorial, and other great crowds followed the military 
 division of the procession to its resting place. The throng in the 
 cemetery, though an immense one, was not as large as was 
 expected, doubtless due to the fact that a great crush being feared, 
 many contented themselves with merely viewing the procession 
 from points of vantage. The audience that listened to the 
 speeches and the dedication was an immense one, nevertheless, 
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— 47 — 
 
 be heard. The roadway and bank in front of the stand were 
 literally packed with people, the crowd extending far back into 
 the grove. The esplanade of the Memorial and the space between 
 it and the stand were densely crowded. 
 
 The coming of the procession and the approach of the dedi- 
 cation ceremony was announced to those who were waiting by 
 distant cheers and drum beats. Soon the column entered the 
 cemetery and proceeded up the long driveway to the Memorial. 
 First came the Veterans of the Forty-second Regiment of Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry, Garfield's old command. There were one 
 hundred and fifteen men in line under command of Captain C. E. 
 Henry, who had come from Dallas, Tex., to help honor the 
 memory of his old friend and commander. Chaplain Jones was 
 also present. They marched around to the rear of the Memorial, 
 headed by their old batde flags, and amid applause from the 
 speakers' stand took possession of the bank directly in front of it. 
 The Grand Army Veterans were massed at the rear, and the 
 old soldiers formed the front part of the great audience. The 
 military companies turned to the south and occupied a large open 
 space near the Memorial. There was a tremendous cheer when, 
 at lo minutes past 3 o'clock, Colonel William Edwards was seen 
 mounting the grand stand arm in arm with President Harrison. 
 The cheers and hand clapping continued until the President had 
 been seated. A half minute later Vice-President Morton came on 
 the stand, closely followed by Secretary Windom, Postmaster- 
 General Wanamaker, Attorney-General Miller, Secretary Rusk, 
 ex-Postmaster-General James, and others. Just about this time 
 there was a great outburst of cheers and applause. The uproar 
 was deafening, and the air was filled with waving banners and 
 uplifted hats. Hundreds rushed toward the platform along which 
 a tall, thin man, dressed in plain black and carrying a Derby hat 
 in his hand was picking his way. The cheers grew louder and 
 louder, and there were cries from the old soldiers, " Hello ! Billy." 
 When the crowd on the stand had divided a little to make room 
 for him it was discovered that the center of all this enthusiasm was 
 General William Tecumseh Sherman. He lifted his hand in a grace- 
 ful salute to the old soldiers in front, and then took a seat near Vice- 
 President Morton. Major-General Schofield, commander of the 
 
— 48 — 
 
 army, followed, and ex-Governor Charles Foster was close behind, 
 both receiving a cheer. Governor Campbell walked beside 
 Lieutenant-Governor Marquis when he crossed the platform, and 
 he, too, was given a warm welcome. Ex-President Hayes had 
 quietly stepped upon the platform while these greetings were 
 being accorded the others. He spent several minutes in earnest 
 consultation with Chairman Townsend, of the Memorial Executive 
 Committee, and then took the chair assigned to him as president 
 of the Gariield Memorial Association, and chairman of the 
 meeting. As soon as he was recognized by the "boys" in front, 
 there was a spontaneous lifting of hats, and it needed but a word 
 to call forth three cheers. The members of Governor Campbell's 
 staff, in bright uniforms, were next shown to their seats. 
 
 Very few of those in front recognized Chief Justice Fuller, 
 of the Supreme Court, as he appeared upon the platform. His 
 coming had not been announced, but he was a most welcome 
 guest. He was given a seat beside Major McKinley, and 
 evidently took an active interest in everything said and done. 
 
 The arrangement of the seats gave everyone a good view of 
 the distinguished men on the platform. The presiding officer's 
 chair was in the center, and at his right sat President Harrison, 
 Vice-President Morton, General Sherman, Major-General Schofield, 
 ex-Postmaster-General James, Architect Keller, and General J. D. 
 Cox, orator of the day. Back of the President and Vice-President 
 sat Secretary Windom and Postmaster-General Wanamaker, and 
 behind the latter Attorney-General Miller and Secretary Rusk. 
 The two chairs next in the rear were occupied by the Governor 
 and Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, ex-Governor Foster being 
 immediately in the rear of them. On the other side of the chair- 
 man, near Hon. Amos Townsend, Bishop Leonard, and Mr. J. 
 H. Wade, were Major KcKinley, Chief Justice Fuller, Judge 
 Martin Welker, Colonel William Perry Fogg, formerly of this city 
 and now of New York, and many others. 
 
 When ex-President Hayes stepped to the front of the platform 
 at 3:15 o'clock and addressed the multitude there was perfect 
 order. He announced simply that the opening number on the 
 programme would be music. The grand Memorial Chorus of five 
 hundred and fifty voices then sang " America" superbly, invoking 
 
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— 49 — 
 
 a spontaneous outburst of applause. Professor N. Coe Stewart's 
 careful and painstaking work was evidenced in the splendid effect 
 of the chorus, which was composed of the best voices attainable. 
 All of the music of the afternoon was finely rendered, this being 
 one of the features of the programme. The chorus was accom- 
 panied by the orchestra of the Cleveland Grays' Band. 
 
 Chairman Hayes then stepped forward, and in the most 
 impressive manner possible said : 
 
 Fellow Citizens : James Abram Garfield, born and bred 
 in Ohio, a brave and patriotic soldier of the Union army, an 
 orator, a statesman, a scholar. President of the United States, 
 having died in the path of duty, his countrymen of all parties and 
 all sections, of every State, of every Territory, and of the District 
 of Columbia — and especially his friends and neighbors of the City 
 of Cleveland and of the Western Reserve, aided by many good 
 people of foreign lands, have built this impressive and enduring 
 monument to perpetuate to future generations his name and fame 
 and memory. 
 
 This noble purpose has, by the eminent architect, Mr. George 
 Keller, of the City of Hartford, been fitly embodied in the 
 Memorial structure which we are about to dedicate in the presence 
 of this uncounted multitude of people— this cloud of approving 
 and sympathizing witnesses. 
 
 Upon this ceremony, upon all who take part in it, and upon 
 all who observe it, the Divine favor and the Divine blessing will 
 now be invoked by the Right Reverend William A. Leonard, 
 Bishop of Ohio. 
 
 The prayer of Bishop Leonard was as follows : 
 
 In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
 Ghost. Amen. 
 
 Almighty God, whose kingdom is everlasting and power 
 infinite, we, thy humble servants, render to thee our heartfelt 
 thanks for all thy goodness and loving kindness. All praise be to 
 thee throughout this Republic for mercy, the prosperity and the 
 peace which thou hast permitted us to enjoy. All honor to thy 
 holy name and devoutest thanksgiving for the good example of the 
 righteous, the wise, and the valorous, who, having served their 
 country and thee in their generations, do now rest from their 
 
— 5° — 
 
 labors. To-day in simple remembrance of their work and their 
 endeavor, and especially for the loyal and noble service of him 
 whose monument is builded, not only here in perishable stone, 
 but builded indestructibly in the hearts of a grateful nation, do 
 we render thee our loving adoration, beseeching thee to give us 
 the grace so to follow their good example that with them we may 
 be partakers of thy heavenly kingdom. And blessing thee for 
 such privileges of high and lofty endeavor, we beg thee to send 
 continually upon our government the outpouring of thy gracious 
 love. Embue the President of the United States and all others in 
 authority plenteously with heavenly gifts of wisdom, discretion, 
 and godly zeal. Grant to the army and navy true courage and 
 fidelity to the great captain of our salvation. Vouchsafe to our 
 legislators the bounties of thy knowledge, so that all things 
 may be determined according to thy holy will, and give to us 
 such a clear perception of truth and duty that we may be 
 Christian people, loving and serving thee with heart and mind 
 and soul ; and grant us, at last, the peace of God, which pass- 
 eth human understanding, and the rich enjoyment of eternal 
 life, which is reserved for those who labor patiently and fa.ithfully 
 unto the end; and to thee, O Father, with the Son and the 
 Holy Ghost, be ascribed all honor and glory now and forever- 
 more. Amen. 
 
 Ex- President Hayes then introduced Hon. Jacob D. Cox 
 with the words : ' ' The oration of the occasion will now be 
 delivered by Hon. Jacob D. Cox, ex-Governor of Ohio, a citizen 
 of Cincinnati." 
 
 General Cox stepped to the front and proceeded to read from 
 manuscript, in a clear, full voice, with good effect, the foregoing 
 thoughtful and finished address. 
 
 After the oration by ex-Governor Cox, the singers rendered 
 the famous Hallelujah Chorus, and then there were vociferous 
 demands for President Harrison from the audience. The cheers 
 and hand clapping were so great that two or three minutes elapsed 
 before General Hayes could be heard. He finally lifted his right 
 hand and held it suspended until perfect quiet was restored. 
 "You will now have the pleasure," he said, "of extending greet- 
 ings with the President of the United States." 
 
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— 51 — 
 
 President Harrison, as he came forward, was given an enthu- 
 siastic ovation. The cheers and applause were tremendous. The 
 President stepped to the front of the platform, waited patiendy for 
 the uproar to subside, and then began his address, which was 
 delivered in the most impressive manner possible. Almost every 
 sentence was enthusiastically cheered. The President seemed 
 thoroughly imbued with the spirit of the occasion, and every 
 remark rang with sincerity and patriotism. He said : 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens : — ^I thank you most 
 sincerely for this cordial greeting, but I shall not be betrayed by it 
 into a lengthy speech. The selection of this day for these exer- 
 cises, a day consecrated to the memory of those who died that 
 there might be one flag of honor and authority in this Republic 
 [applause], is most fitting. That one flag encircles us with its folds 
 to-day, the unrivaled object of our loyal love. [Applause.] 
 
 This monument, so imposing and tasteful, fittingly typifies the 
 grand and symmetrical character of him in whose honor it has 
 been builded. [Applause.] His was " The arduous greatness of 
 things done." No friendly hands constructed and placed for his 
 ambition a ladder upon which he might climb. His own brave 
 hands framed and nailed the cleats upon which he climbed to the 
 heights of public usefulness and fame. [Applause.] He never 
 ceased to be student and instructor. Turning from peaceful pur- 
 suits to army service, he quickly mastered tactics and strategy, and 
 in a brief army career taught some valuable lessons in military 
 science. [Applause.] Turning again from the field to the coun- 
 cils of State, he stood among the great debaters that have made 
 our National Congress illustrious. What he might have been or 
 done as President of the United States is chiefly left to friendly 
 augury, based upon a career that had no incident of failure or inad- 
 equacy. [Applause.] The cruel circumstances attending his 
 death had but one amelioration — that space of life was given him 
 to teach from his dying bed a great lesson of patience and forbear- 
 ance. [Applause]. His mortal part will find honorable rest 
 here, but the lessons of his life and death will continue to be 
 instructive and inspiring incidents in American history. [Great 
 Applause.] 
 
 President Harrison's address created a profound impression. 
 
— 52 — 
 
 He spoke with the utmost earnestness, and every word was plainly- 
 audible everywhere. Ke was cheered to the echo. Vice-Presi- 
 dent Morton was then introduced. He, too, was given a hearty 
 -welcome. It was the first opportunity afforded many of the audi- 
 ence to look upon the face of the Vice-President of the Nation, 
 and there was plenty of cheering and applause. Mr. Morton 
 said : 
 
 Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Garfield Memo- 
 rial Association, and Ladies and Gentlemen : — I thank you 
 for your cordial greeting and shall detain you but one moment. 
 I deem it a great honor to join my fellow citizens in these services 
 <;ommemorative of the life, character and public work of your fel- 
 low citizen — our fellow citizen, for he belongs to the Nation — 
 commemorative of the scholar, the soldier, the statesman, the 
 twentieth President of the United States, James Abram Garfield. 
 I knew him well and honored him for his work and worth. He 
 was one of the best representatives of the American spirit and 
 American civilization. He embodied in his life the high 
 possibilities of American manhood. His life is a lesson to all of 
 us, an inspiration to the youth of the land. The more we cherish 
 his memory, and heed his lofty teachings, the better will be our 
 citizenship and the finer our national thought and life. It is 
 indeed an honor to this State to hold his sacred remains. You 
 -will guard them sacredly, but more important to all of us is it that 
 -we follow his patriotic teachings. [Applause.] 
 
 Governor Campbell's chair was somewhat at one side and he 
 had not, up to this time, been generally recognized, but after Vice- 
 President Morton concluded his brief address there were calls for 
 Campbell. They were somewhat superfluous, inasmuch as Chair- 
 man Hayes had already decided upon him as the next speaker. 
 "It is a pleasure and I have the privilege," said ex-President 
 Hayes, " now to present to you the Governor of Ohio, James E. 
 Campbell. " 
 
 Governor Campbell was given an enthusiastic greeting. He 
 was looking very well and his remarks were in exceedingly good 
 taste. As he came forward to speak, it became necessary for 
 General Sherman to move his chair. As he did so, he arose, and, 
 grasping the Governor by the hand, remarked i ' ' Governor 
 

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— S3 — 
 
 Campbell, I am glad to see you." The Governor came forward 
 and talked in an interesting way as follows : 
 
 Mr. President, and Ladies and Gentlemen • At the out- 
 set of the meeting our chairman said that James Abrani Garfield 
 was born and reared in Ohio. It is true that he was one of the 
 imperishable galaxy of men that Ohio furnished to the country 
 between 1861 and 1865. He was in the list with Grant and Sher- 
 man [applause] and Sheridan and Chase and Stanton, and I might 
 stand here until the rain drives us off repeating the names that 
 will reverberate as long as the word liberty sounds sweet to the 
 human ear. [Applause.] But in a wider sense, and in more 
 ways than one, it was fitting that the President of the United 
 States should first pay a tribute to the memory of Garfield, because, 
 though a son of Ohio, he was consecrated by circumstances, not 
 to Ohio, but to the Union — to the United States of America. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 As a son of Ohio, representing temporarily the dignity of 
 Ohio, I pay him my modest tribute. I realize that this is not an 
 Ohio monument, but it is a monument that belongs to every State 
 in the Union, and to none more than the States that were brought 
 back to the Union by General Garfield and men I see on the stand 
 here to-day. [Applause.] 
 
 Were I to pay him a tribute as an Ohio man, it would not be 
 to the soldier, it would not be to the legislator, it would not be to 
 the President. You (turning to General Cox) said the monument 
 was an apotheosis of many great and noble things. To me the 
 life of Garfield here among his neighbors is an apotheosis to the 
 humanly virtues, to the fireside virtues, to a good mother, to a 
 pious home [applause], and I leave these men of national fame 
 to pay tribute to the soldier and statesman. We of Ohio are 
 content to pay our tribute to Garfield as a friend, a neighbor, and 
 as a citizen. [Applause.] 
 
 During the preceding twenty minutes there had been a 
 constant demand at every silent interval for General Sherman. 
 During every interruption in the ceremonies there were shouts 
 and cheers for Sherman from the old soldiers. The great general 
 sat between Vice-President Morton and General Schofield with 
 his hand pressed to his forehead as if in deep study. When it 
 
— 54 — 
 
 became evident from Chairman Hayes' remarks that General 
 Sherman was to be next introduced, the crowd cheered vehemently 
 and swung their hats. As soon as he could, General Hayes said . 
 "In the great war for union and liberty the Almighty gave us 
 great leaders, and the greatest leader in that crisis now living is 
 William Tecumseh Sherman. " 
 
 General Sherman shrank back modestly, but the demands for 
 his presence at the front of the platform were overwhelming. He 
 bowed nearly a dozen times to the crowd in front, but there was a 
 demand for something substantial and the General finally stepped 
 forward. Then, indeed, there was a scene. Flags were waved and 
 hats and handkerchiefs were thrown high in the air, while many 
 voices were lifted up in loud acclaim. General Sherman attempted 
 to speak, but the crowd had not yet completed its ovation. President 
 Harrison arose and lifted up his hat as if to cheer. The crowd 
 needed no other signal. Thousands of hats were raised on high and 
 many thousand voices were lifted in vociferous greeting. The 
 General seemed slightly embarrassed by the tremendous enthusi- 
 asm, but when it had partially subsided was at once himself again 
 and talked in his old familiar way. The audience listened 
 closely and there was almost constant cheering. General Sherman 
 said : 
 
 Comrades all . I will not occupy but a minute of your time. 
 You see me here to-day. Your President and our former Presi- 
 dent will tell you I am not General Sherman in St. Louis, but 
 a pioneer of the first order [laughter], ^nd if you come to New 
 York our Vice-President will tell you I am a member of the 
 Chamber of Commerce, but, boys, when I see that badge upon 
 your caps and the star on your breasts I thank God here in Ohio 
 I am your affectionate Uncle Billy. [Laughter.] 
 
 I have come here to your beautiful city to pay my tribute of 
 love to the memory of James Abram Garfield, whom I saw after 
 he was wounded and whose body I accompanied to this spot, and 
 now it delights me to see yonder temple, be it what it may. I 
 see no statue of Garfield from where I stand, but I see a temple, 
 a monument, erected to his memory, not for you and me, boys, 
 for our careers have run, but for your children and those who are 
 to come after us. There it will stand pointing to heaven, seen 
 
— 55 — 
 
 from the beautiful lake by all who pass across its. peaceful bosom, 
 and to those who come after you, by land and by sea, it points to 
 a man who was the finest type of manhood, of soldier and citizen, 
 that my memory recalls. [Applause.] 
 
 I am sure, long after we are gone, when our children have 
 taken our places, that they will come here and be inspired with a 
 desire to become like unto him for whom that monument has 
 been erected, to be as brave as he was when bravery was called 
 for, to be intellectual when God gives him a brain, and to be true 
 and faithful to his country at all times, in peace and in war, as 
 James A. Garfield was, and may God bless his memory and bless 
 those whom he loved, who reside now in the old Western Reserve 
 of Ohio — indeed, they are not confined to the Western Reserve, 
 nor to Ohio, but as it has been well spoken of here to-day, they 
 are of all parts of the United States of America, yea, indeed of all 
 the world, because we have become of kin very fast by means of 
 the telegraph and of steam. 
 
 I thank you, my friends. Carry your banners on the outer 
 walls (tapping his Grand Army badge), and as long as we live let 
 us stand by those who are true and faithful to us in the days of 
 peril. [Applause. ] 
 
 After General Sherman's speech President Hayes said : " My 
 fellow citizens, if the skies will let us, I have an arrangement made 
 with a number of gentlemen that are to be presented to you with 
 the privilege of saying much or little or nothing, as they prefer, 
 and first I will ask to be presented to you a gentleman who was in 
 General Garfield's Cabinet and who now is in General Harrison's 
 Cabinet — the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Windom." Mr. 
 Windom stepped to the front and said : 
 
 My Fellow Citizens : I shall avail myself of the privilege 
 of saying nothing, except to relate a little incident that occurred 
 during the last illness of President Garfield. I remember that 
 when he was suffering, and the whole nation was in mourning for 
 him, the soldier who was last upon his feet said to me on one 
 occasion : " If I could restore him to health by giving every drop 
 of blood in my body I would freely give it " [great applause] ; and 
 these words were as true as words ever uttered, and I only say 
 
-S6- 
 
 to-day that words do not permit me to express the affection and 
 sincere love which I feel for the man whose memory we honor 
 here to-day ; and while we honor the statesman and the soldier, 
 our hearts, I know, are full of love for the man, and we will ever 
 remember him as the kindest friend, the noblest man of our 
 acquaintance. [Applause. ] 
 
 Ex-President Hayes said: "I now have the privilege of 
 presenting to you the Postmaster-General, Mr. Wanamaker." 
 
 There were cheers all over the grounds and these were 
 renewed as Mr. Wanamaker arose. The crowd seemed to be 
 familiar with the new Postmaster-General's good work, for he was 
 given a royal welcome. However, he simply arose and bowed to 
 the multitude without saying anything. ' ' No, no. Speech, 
 speech," cried the audience, but Mr. Wanamaker preferred to 
 remain silent. 
 
 " I did not believe he could do it in the presence of such an 
 audience," said the chairman jocularly, "and I will now present 
 to you the Attorney-General, Mr. Miller, of Indiana." Mr. 
 Miller said : 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens : The book of all 
 books says there is a time to speak and a time to keep silence. 
 This august presence, the addresses wholly worthy of this great 
 occasion, to which we have been permitted to listen, and above all 
 this magnificent Mausoleum, which speaks not only of the great 
 qualities of him whose name it bears, but which will for uncounted 
 generations speak of the great possibilities which lie open to every 
 worthy and aspiring young American with an eloquence impossible 
 to any human voice, admonish me that this is the time for me to 
 keep silence. To that admonition I bow. [Applause.] 
 
 " One remarkable point about the Cabinet of General Har- 
 rison," said Chairman Hayes, " is that he has in it so many fine 
 looking men. You have seen three of them and you know how 
 fine looking they are. Let us now see the Secretary of Agri- 
 culture, Mr. Rusk, of Wisconsin." 
 
 Secretary Rusk's appearance was the signal for much applause, 
 and he was engaged for nearly a minute in bowing his acknowledg- 
 ments to the crowd. When quiet was restored the Secretary 
 
— 57 — 
 
 raised a laugh by saying : " Mr. President, I must take my seat, 
 and my excuse for taking my seat is that I will not allow the 
 Postmaster-General to be more polite than I am." 
 
 "There is another member of President Garfield's Cabinet 
 here," remarked Chairman Hayes, "and I take pleasure in 
 introducing to you ex- Postmaster-General James, of New York." 
 
 There was much cheering, but Mr. James excused himself 
 from extended remarks by saying that he would accept the 
 privilege offered by the chair and say nothing. 
 
 During all the exercises, Architect Keller, who designed the 
 monument, and who supervised its construction, had been a quiet 
 listener. He occupied a chair between General Cox and ex- 
 Postmaster-General James, and listened with intense interest to all 
 that was said and done. He was introduced at this point by the 
 chairman, who said : " It is important, I think, that we should at 
 least see the gentleman to whom we are indebted for the design 
 and execution of this magnificent monument, Mr. George H. 
 Keller, of Hartford, Conn., who is with us." 
 
 Mr. Keller arose, received the enthusiastic greetings of the 
 audience, and took his seat. 
 
 During vociferous cries from the audience for other dis- 
 tinguished men, Chairman Hayes espied Bishop Gilmour on the 
 platform, and said: "I would be very glad to present to you, if 
 he will permit me, for such remarks as he may choose to submit, 
 Bishop Gilmour, of Cleveland." 
 
 The Bishop was applauded as he came forward. He began 
 slowly, saying : 
 
 Mr. President and Fellow Citizens : This call is so 
 entirely unexpected that I can but add to the much that has been 
 said of the lamented Garfield one thing that struck me in connec- 
 tion with his inauguration. If there is one lesson that a man 
 should teach the children, and the ruler of a great people of which 
 we are a part should teach, it is reverence ; reverence of that 
 deep and abiding quality that above all things is to make us a 
 people of reverence; of reverence for truth, reverence for virtue, 
 reverence for the home. 
 
 When James Abram Garfield stood upon the steps of the 
 Capitol of the United States, inaugurated President of the United 
 
-58- 
 
 States, elected by the free voice of a free people to the highest 
 place known in political life, when a world hung upon his words 
 and noted his acts, his first tribute was to the mother that had so 
 bravely trained him and taught him that which made him the great 
 man he was. [Applause.] If he had taught no other lesson in 
 his life than reverence for home and for the mother, the name of 
 James Abram Garfield would have been immortalized. [Applause.] 
 I am thankful for the extreme kindness that has called me to say 
 this word of tribute on this occasion. [Applause.] 
 
 The chairman then announced General Schofield as follows : 
 " Among the soldiers of honorable service, brave, efficient, and 
 good, in the great struggle, was the present Commanding General 
 of the Army of the United States, General Schofield." 
 
 The General, in an easy manner, responded as follows : 
 
 Mr. President : It is an honor of which any citizen might 
 be proud to join with you to-day with these distinguished statesmen, 
 scholars, and soldiers in doing honor to the memory of James A. 
 Garfield, and it is as simply the soldier, who himself has tried to 
 do his duty, that I join with you in doing that honor. Garfield 
 was one of those whom we were most proud to cherish in our 
 hearts with feelings of comradeship of an affection that comes 
 solely from the soldier's life, and in the heart of every soldier 
 to-day I am sure there is a strong feeling of sympathy with the 
 honor that you are doing to his memory. [Applause.] 
 
 It was impossible any longer to disregard the demands for 
 Major McKinley. They had been vociferous and emphatic from 
 the beginning, and the INIajor's quiet gestures, appealing for silence, 
 had only served to augment the enthusiasm. The shouts that now 
 ascended for " McKinley" were simply irresistible. Ex- President 
 Hayes' introduction of the distinguished gentleman was peculiarly 
 happy and appropriate. He said: "We have heard and seen 
 now eminent statesmen and great soldiers. It is altogether fitting 
 that at least one of those who carried a musket should appear 
 to say what he may say in regard to General Garfield. It 
 so happens that in my own regiment we had one man carryino- 
 a musket who is now carrying it no longer, whom you will be 
 glad, I am sure, to see when I present him to you, William 
 McKinley." 
 
— 59 — 
 
 There was an outburst of cheers when the Major was intro- 
 duced, but for a moment it seemed as if there would be no speech. 
 He bowed his acknowledgments to the crowd and then sat down. 
 A deafening uproar of cheers and applause followed and continued 
 until the gallant Major again arose, and facing the multitude made 
 this patriotic speech : 
 
 Mr. President and my Fellow Citizens: It is not what 
 we say of General Garfield here to-day, but what he did which 
 will live. The nation loved Garfield and he was worthy of the 
 nation's love. [Applause.] There perhaps was never in the 
 United States, in the popular branch of Congress, a more majestic 
 leader than James Abram Garfield [applause] ; and as has already 
 been said here to-day, that was his great, aye, his greatest field. 
 He was the leader of that great body which is nearest to the hearts 
 of the American people. [Applause.] I need not tell this vast 
 audience that I loved James A. Garfield, that I found him when I 
 went to the House of Representatives, fifteen years ago, the great 
 leader of that hall; and from the moment I entered until his 
 untimely death he was my friend, he was my adviser, and I come 
 here to-day with the most affectionate regard and respect to join 
 with you all in doing honor to his memory. [Applause.] He was 
 not only a great statesman, but he was a great soldier, and for the 
 few months that he presided over the destinies of sixty millions of 
 people he demonstrated that he was a great President. [Applause.] 
 No President since the days of Washington and Lincoln and Grant 
 has been closer to the hearts of the American people than was 
 James A. Garfield. [Applause.] 
 
 I heard him twenty-four years ago pronounce a eulogy upon 
 the lamented Lincoln. He used these words — let me apply them 
 to him to-day : 
 
 Divinely gifted man 
 
 Whose life in low estate began. 
 
 And on a simple village green ; 
 
 Who breaks through birth's invidious ban. 
 
 And grasps the skirts of happy chance, 
 
 And breasts the blows of circumstance, 
 
 And grapples with his evil star; 
 
— 6o — 
 
 Who made by force his merit known, 
 And lived to clutch the golden keys, 
 To mold a mighty State's decrees. 
 And shape the whispers of the throne ; 
 And moving up, from higher to higher, 
 Becomes, on fortune's crowning slope. 
 The pillar of a people's hope. 
 The center of a world's desire. 
 
 Great cheering followed Major McKinley's address. 
 
 The Memorial Chorus sang " O, Weep for the Brave." The 
 formal dedications then took place. Garfield was a member of 
 Columbia Commandery, Knights Templar, of Washington, and 
 the dedicatory services were rendered in accordance with the 
 regular ceremony of the Order and under the auspices of the 
 Grand Commandery, Knights Templar, of Ohio. These cere- 
 monies were performed on the balcony of the Memorial, high 
 above a sea of upturned faces. Following is the official order of 
 service : 
 
 ORDER OF SERVICE. 
 
 The officers of the Grand Commandery and the several Sir 
 Knights assigned to special duty, being stationed on the upper 
 balcony of the monument at each corner of the balcony — North, 
 South, East and West — one Sir Knight to give responses, and a 
 bugler. 
 
 The officers of the Grand Commandery and the Temple 
 Quartette occupying position on the western line of the balcony, 
 facing west. 
 
 The Subordinate Commanderies in attendance being massed, 
 Commandery front, at the south-west corner of the monument, 
 and standing at parade rest. 
 
 When these preliminary arrangements are completed and all 
 is ready, the following service will be observed : 
 
 The Grand Captain General will command : Attention, 
 Knights ; uncover. 
 
 The Sir Knights will promptly bring their swords to a carry, 
 
— el- 
 and remain in this position, uncovered, during the utterance of 
 the following 
 
 INVOCATION, BY THE GRAND PRELATE: 
 
 O Lord ! We approach Thee with solemn awe, and with 
 becoming reverence, to offer our prayers at Thy feet. 
 
 When conflicting opinions and opposing interests have divided 
 the nations and tribes of men — when angry hosts have rushed into 
 battle — when philanthropy has been in tears, and humanity been 
 clothed in sack-cloth. Thy gentle hand has touched the wild tempest 
 of human passion, and Thy voice, which calmed storm-tossed 
 Galilee, has commanded, "Peace, be still." In obedience to 
 Thy behest, many a white-robed angel has borne trophies of lasting 
 good to mankind from the bloody battlefield, as Runnymede and 
 Appomattox can testify. " Even sorrow, touched by Thee, grows 
 bright," and we have seen the evolution of Thy purposes out of 
 the darkest and saddest years of our national history. It befits us 
 to remember these things and to recognize Thy presence and Thy 
 supreme authority where we cannot hear Thy voice or see Thy 
 hand. The safest and best commander of armies, like our own 
 Washington, is a man of prayer. The best and wisest statesman 
 seeks counsel from Thee, as did our own Garfield, and heeds the 
 words of Thy written law. In our nation's conflicts the warm 
 unction of the people's trustful prayers was a stimulus to her 
 struggling armies, and to her perplexed statesmen, while it served 
 as a sedative to the excited and anxious homes from which our 
 citizen soldiery had gone. Thus the final arbitrament was referred 
 to Thee, and we gratefully accept the result. Reposing under the 
 shadow of Thy protection we now beseech Thee to so rule and 
 direct in the affairs of this nation that sober reason and just 
 counsels may ever hereafter save us from domestic or foreign 
 complications, and that in every controversy peaceful means may 
 be sufficient to adjust them. We assemble to-day, in this cemetery 
 hallowed by the tears of sorrowing friends who have laid away 
 their dead within this sacred enclosure, to set apart to its intended 
 purpose this monument, erected to the memory of one whom the 
 people had chosen to rule them by administering their laws. A 
 cruel and guilty hand struck him down, and the whole land was 
 
— 62 — 
 
 then too much enraged at this stupendous wrong to mourn with 
 meek and chastened tears, but alloyed their sorrow with resentful 
 wrath, and left to this later day the expression of a more seemly 
 sorrow, and with it the setting apart of this Memorial. As 
 Abraham consecrated Machpelah and Jacob his Bethel — as Sinai 
 became a witness and Joshua reared his Gilgal, so we meet, on 
 this occasion, to consecrate this monument, that it may express 
 the appreciation of a grateful people for Thy gift to them in the 
 person of their knightly brother and honored ruler, James Abram 
 Garfield, who was conspicuous both as a soldier and a statesman ; 
 and that it may direct the attention of the people of succeeding gen- 
 erations to his modest and masterful virtues. May this monument 
 ever be a reproof to indolence, a check to vice and a stimulus to 
 manly aspirations in the young men of this land who may here- 
 after look upon it ! May it inspire hope in the hearts of toil-worn 
 mothers when the burdens of life press them heavily, as they here 
 contemplate the worth and high station reached by the' humble 
 widow's son ! And, while place and power are possible to few, 
 may all learn that wrong and violence can rob the worthy for only a 
 little season — that true worth will find its appropriate setting, and 
 that although men may fail and err. Heaven stands pledged to put 
 upon every head its ■ appropriate crown ! Grant Thy gracious 
 blessing upon this order of Christian Knighthood — this assembly 
 of the people of this city — this State — this Nation, and upon their 
 rulers. May Thy benign guidance and protection extend to the 
 President of the United States, his Cabinet, and those who have 
 been called to preside within the nation's legislative halls ! May 
 her Senators learn wisdom from Thee — her Congressmen be 
 zealous to do Thy will, and her courts judge according to Thy 
 statutes, while her army and navy police both land and sea in 
 such manner as to maintain the rights and promote the welfare of 
 all ! May Thy Church on earth be pure. Thy ministers faithful, 
 and may Thy revealed truths never be obscured by superstition ! 
 May the bright rays of Thy providential favor shine upon the 
 American people in the face of Jesus Christ, the ' ' Sun of 
 Righteousness," and may His beams speedily illumine the inhabit- 
 ants of the whole earth, whose commingling joy shall then celebrate 
 in harmonious strains the triumphs of Him whose right it is to 
 
-63- 
 
 reign as " King of Kings and Lord of Lords." Grant these, our 
 Heavenly Father, and all other gifts Thy sovereign wisdom may 
 devise and Thy love bestow through Jesus Christ, our Mediator 
 and Redeemer, and not unto us, but unto Thy name we will give 
 all the glory ! Amen. 
 
 SELECTION BY TEMPLE QUARTETTE. 
 
 "3t is tl)e Sorb's (Qwn Daa." 
 
 It is the Lord's own day. 
 In all the wide expanse I hear 
 One distant bell alone sounds clear, 
 And ling'ring fades away. 
 
 What sacred awe here reigns ! 
 A presence bright, unseen, though felt, 
 Kneels with us here in earnest prayer 
 Upon the open plains. 
 
 What awe here reigns; What awe here reigns. 
 
 The heavens far away, so cloudless, 
 
 Are so blue and clear. 
 
 As though they were to earth more near. 
 
 It is the Lord's own day, 
 
 It is the Lord's own day. Amen. 
 
 When completed, the Grand Commander will announce : In 
 pursuance of the duty assumed by the Grand Commandery, 
 Knights Templar, of Ohio, we have assembled to-day to dedicate 
 this Memorial with Knightly honors. 
 
 The Grand Captain General will command : Present swords. 
 
 The Grand Commander will ask : Sir Knight, is it well in 
 the East ? 
 
 The Sir Knight stationed in the East will say : 
 
 The sunbeams from the Eastern sky 
 Flash from these blocks exalted high, 
 And on their polished fronts proclaim 
 Our worthy brother's widespread fame. 
 
-64 — 
 
 The Grand Commander: Sir Knight, is it well in the 
 West? 
 
 The Sir Knight stationed there will say : 
 
 The chastened sun adown the West 
 Speaks the same voice and sinks to rest. 
 No sad deflect, no flaw to shame 
 Our worthy brother's lofty fame. 
 
 The Grand Commander: Sir Knight, is it well in the 
 South ? 
 
 The Sir Knight stationed there will say : 
 
 Glowing beneath the fervid noon, 
 This granite dares the Southern sun; 
 Yet tells that wall of fervid flame, 
 Our worthy brother's honest fame. 
 
 The Grand Commander: Sir Knight, is it well in the 
 North ? 
 
 The Sir Knight stationed there will say : 
 
 Perfect in line, exact in square, 
 The works of all our craftsmen are ; 
 They will to coming time proclaim 
 Our brother's worthy, well-earned fame. 
 
 The Grand Commander: Sir Knight, our Grand Marshal 
 will make proclamation. 
 
 Grand Marshal : Hear ye ! Hear ye ! Hear ye, valiant 
 Knights of the temple : I am directed to proclaim, and do pro- 
 claim that this Memorial of our illustrious frater. Sir Knight James 
 Abram Garfield, is now dedicated to the uses designed, and to the 
 memory of those whose names are inscribed thereon. This procla- 
 mation I make to the East, to the West, to the South, and to the 
 North. Due notice being given, let all govern themselves accord- 
 ingly. 
 
 As the Deputy Grand Commander pronounces the word 
 " East" and salutes, the bugler on the eastern side will give one 
 blast of his trumpet. 
 
 As the West is saluted, the bugler on the western side will 
 give two blasts of his trumpet. 
 
-65- 
 
 As the South is saluted, three blasts of the trumpet will be 
 given by the bugler on the south. 
 
 As the North is saluted and announced, the bugler will give 
 four blasts of the trumpet. 
 
 Grand Captain General : Carry swords. 
 
 SELECTION BY TEMPLE QUARTETTE. 
 
 " Et)e ^lag IDittjout a Stain." 
 One hundred years I've waved o'er my people, 
 O'er land and sea, o'er church tower and steeple. 
 Foremost in battle, proudly I reign, 
 Triumphant now o'er thee, without one stain. 
 Oh ! how I trembled, when called alone to stand. 
 But brave hearts sustained me, to wave o'er the land. 
 Refrain — Oh, my America! Oh, my America! 
 
 Proudly I wave over thee, sweet land of liberty ! 
 No flag on earth shall insult this nation. 
 Justice and right shall e'er be our relation. 
 No creed or sect shall here ever reign 
 While floats the stars and stripes without one stain. 
 Stars once obscured are shining again ; 
 The angel of peace has wiped out all stain. 
 Refrain — Oh, my America, etc., etc. 
 Followed by trumpet call of dismissal by the four buglers 
 in unison. 
 
 Then the services at the stand below were finished. Led by 
 the chorus and orchestra, the people sang the Doxology in unison. 
 After the familiar and inspiring music of the grand old hymn had 
 died away, the benediction was pronounced by Rev. Dr. F. D. 
 Power, ex-Chaplain of the House of Representatives. 
 
 In a large open space south of the Memorial, part of Battery 
 A, First Ohio Artillery, had been stationed, and at the close of 
 the exercises the thunder of the President's salute, twenty-one 
 guns, echoed and reverberated across the country. 
 
 FINALE. 
 
 Then the vast concourse and assembly melted away, leaving 
 the Man to memory and to Fame, and the Mausoleum to the 
 keeping of the cycles of Time. 
 
— 66 — 
 
 And there it stands in solemn grandeur like the Pyramid in the 
 midst of the land of Egypt, the pillar at the border thereof, a sign 
 and a witness forever of a people's grateful recognition of the public 
 services and personal virtues of a pre-eminent American citizen. 
 
 Erected in the last decade of the fourth century of the 
 re-discovery of the Continent, and in the first decade of the second 
 century of the matchless American Republic, the question of the 
 endurance of the Garfield Mausoleum irresistibly haunts the 
 antiquarian mind, intensified by the sad reflections on the fate of 
 nations, the perpetuity of the works of man, and human fame, 
 when conscious that the identical statue, of colossal proportion, 
 that crowned Artemisia's affectionate tribute to Mausolus, her 
 husband, more than two thousand years ago, is now gazed upon 
 in the British Museum ! That the vast mausoleum of the Roman 
 millionaire, on the Appian Way, built for the reception of the 
 ashes of the noble matron, Metella, his beloved wife, was long 
 since dismantled of its internal marble and bronze finishings and 
 art embellishments, and the ashes alike of husband and wife blown 
 over the Campagna and washed by the Tiber into the Tuscan sea. 
 
 It is only a question of time when every structure of stone 
 erected by man shall be disintegrated, dissolved, lost — "and like 
 the baseless fabric of a vision leave not a wreck behind." Wendell 
 PhiUips was wont to say that, ' ' time enough being given, the 
 pulsations of a girl's heart beating against a granite block would 
 crush it to powder." Happily, Fame survives monuments of 
 stone. As history has preserved the fame of the men of the 
 Eastern world beyond all memorials erected in their honor, so will 
 the heroes of the Revolution survive the Shaft of Bunker Hill, 
 Washington his Monument at the Capital, Lincoln his Tomb in 
 the heart of the Great Prairie, and Garfield his Mausoleum on the 
 borders of an inland sea. 
 
 It is believed that this last Memorial structure will exist in- 
 tact and perfect in its colossal grandeur and decorative beauty for 
 a hundred generations and so long as the Republic shall endure, 
 constituting a shrine of domestic, filial and ancestral devotion — to 
 which patriots shall make pilgrimage, and where successive genera- 
 tions of American youth, gazing upon the emblems there chiseled 
 in stone, may learn a lesson sublime. 
 
— 67- 
 
 LETTERS. 
 
 Limit of space alone prevents the publication of the vast 
 number of sympathetic and appreciative letters received by the 
 committee, and those of Judge Miller and J. Randolph Tucker 
 may be considered as types of all. 
 
 Office of the Supreme Court, 
 
 Washington, D. C, May 15, 1890. 
 
 Hon. Amos Townsend : 
 
 My Dear Sir : Yours of the 24th of April, inviting me to 
 attend the dedication of the Memorial structure erected in honor 
 of the late President Garfield, has been at hand for some time. I 
 have delayed to answer because I did not know but that the 
 exigencies of my official duties would permit me to have the 
 pleasure of accepting your invitation. I find that other engage- 
 ments which are imperative will forbid my being present on that 
 occasion. 
 
 This is a source of much regret to me, as I was an intimate 
 friend of President Garfield, and a great admirer of his political 
 character and public life. I had the honor of serving with him on 
 the Electoral Commission, and of listening to several arguments of 
 his in our Supreme Court. In every place and in every station 
 he was fully equipped, was upright and sound in his judgment. 
 He well merits all the honor which can be bestowed upon him by 
 the people of his State or the Nation. 
 
 Please accept my thanks for your courtesy on this occasion. 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 Samuel F. Miller. 
 
— 68 — 
 
 Lexington, Va., May 21, 1890. 
 
 Hon. Amos Townsend, Chairman, etc. 
 
 Dear Sir : Your invitation in the name of the Trustees of 
 the Garfield Memorial Association, to be present at the dedication 
 of a Memorial structure in honor and memory of President Garfield, 
 has been received. By reason of other engagements it would be 
 impossible for me to be present. 
 
 To you, who knew the relations of friendship which subsisted 
 between the late General Garfield and myself, I need not say how 
 Tvell I can appreciate the feeling of the people of his native State 
 in perpetuating the memory of his great abilities, and his dis- 
 tinguished public service. No feeling of antagonism between the 
 "views we respectively held as to the constitutional policy of the 
 •Government can affect the just sentiments I feel for the testimonial 
 you propose to one of the most eminent statesmen of the Union, 
 and to a citizen whose extraordinary career reflected great honor 
 upon his native State — Ohio cannot fail to do honor to the man 
 whose illustrious position in the counsels of the country did such 
 signal credit to her. 
 
 It is now nearly nine years since I followed his remains to 
 your city ; and the promise then made that his resting place should 
 be marked by an appropriate memorial, the trustees have now 
 auspiciously fulfilled. 
 
 Wishing that the occasion may be such as shall be agreeable 
 to those who meet to do him honor, and tendering, as one who 
 valued his friendship in life, my sympathy and regard for his 
 family and friends, I am, sir. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 J. R. Tucker. 
 
 The Secretary of the Association, long in advance of Memorial 
 Day, caused to be published in the public journals notice of the 
 time and place of the dedication of the Memorial structure, and a 
 general invitation to all civic and military organizations to partici- 
 pate therein. To the President of the United States, and other 
 high officials, he addressed special written invitations of the 
 following import : 
 
-69- 
 
 Cleveland, O., April — , 1890. 
 The President, Washington, D. C. : 
 
 The Garfield Memorial Association purpose to dedicate by 
 appropriate public services the Memorial structure erected in 
 honor and memory of the late President Garfield, at Lake View 
 Cemetery in this city, on National Memorial Day, May 30, next. 
 The Trustees desire and respectfully solicit the President of '.he 
 United States to honor the occasion by his personal presence. 
 
 I avail myself of this occasion to assure you of our highest 
 regard. 
 
 Amos Townsend, 
 Chairman Committee of Arrangements. 
 
 The following invitation addressed to Lucretia R. Garfield 
 was honored by her most graceful and gratifying response, alike by 
 letter and by her personal presence : 
 
 Cleveland, O., April 27, 1890. 
 Mrs. Lucretia R. Garfield : 
 
 Madam : The Garfield Memorial Association purpose to 
 dedicate, by appropriate public services, the Memorial structure 
 erected to the honor and memory of the late President of the 
 United States, your distinguished husband, at Lake View, near this 
 city, on National Memorial Day, May 30. 
 
 The Trustees desire and earnestly solicit your approbation 
 thereof, and especially that it may be your pleasure to signify the 
 same by honoring the occasion by your personal presence. 
 
 Receive, Madam, our highest regards. 
 
 Amos Townsend, 
 Chairman Committee of Arrangements. 
 
 To Hon. Amos Townsend, Chairma?t Committee of Arrangements : 
 
 Sir : On my return from Washington, I found awaiting me 
 
 the invitation from your committee for the dedicatory services of 
 
 the Garfield Memorial Association on May 30th. 
 
 To this Association only most sincere gratitude is due for the 
 
 loyalty and honor shown to General Garfield's memory, and it 
 
— 70 — 
 
 will be my pleasure to express some measure of this gratitude by 
 
 attendance on the occasion designated. 
 
 Pray extend to the gentlemen, Trustees of the Association, 
 
 my most distinguished regard. 
 
 LucRETiA R. Garfield. 
 
 Mentor, O., May 7th, 1890. 
 
 Letters of regret were received by the committee from the 
 representatives of foreign nations as follows : 
 
 Sir Julian Paunceforte, British Minister; the Ministers of 
 France, Germany, Russia, Denmark, the President of the Con- 
 federation of Switzerland, Ye Wau Yong, of the Legation of 
 Korea, and Romero, Mexican Minister. 
 
 Also from Admiral Porter, U. S. N., ex-President Cleveland, 
 ex-Postmaster-General Vilas, Archbishop Elder, of Cincinnati, and 
 the Governors of Maine, Rhode Island, New York, Maryland, 
 Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. 
 
 FINALLY. 
 
 And now it is with pre-eminent satisfaction that the Garfield 
 Memorial Association, the Trustees, the Executive Committee 
 thereof, and the local committees for the dedication of the 
 Mausoleum, each and all, find appreciation and approval of their 
 patriotic devotion to the memory and fame of the departed states- 
 man in the following admirable communication : 
 
 To Honorable Amos Townsend, Secretary of i/ie Garfield Manorial 
 
 Association, Cleveland, Ohio : 
 
 Dear Sir : The work which was begun in Cleveland almost 
 nine years ago, and which was taken up and carried forward with 
 loving zeal by the gentlemen who were made Trustees of the 
 Memorial Association, is now accomplished. A monument stands 
 in its majesty and strength an expression of a people's will to do 
 honor to General Garfield's memory, and by beautiful and 
 impressive ceremony has been dedicated as a testimonial alike to 
 
— 71 — 
 
 the worthiness of him who has left us, and to the loyalty and 
 devotion of those who remained. 
 
 Where art, and exertion, and love have done so much, it is 
 scarcely possible for those who have been merely onlookers, 
 though feeling deepest interest, to convey to this Association, and 
 through it to the people, adequate thanks for the effort made and 
 the result achieved ; but for my children, and for myself I earnestly 
 desire that those who have so faithfully wrought may know, in 
 some measure, our appreciation of their love and labor, and our 
 deep and lasting gratitude. 
 
 With highest regard, 
 
 Yours most truly, 
 
 LucRETiA R. Garfield. 
 
 Mentor, O. , June 3, 1890. 
 
THE PROCESSION. 
 
 The great spectacular event of the day was the mihtary and 
 civic parade. Seldom, if ever, has Cleveland seen a grander or 
 more brilliant pageant. Whether measured by the number of 
 men participating, or the gathering of distinguished statesmen and 
 soldiers, or yet by the noble object which called forth the 
 demonstration, the event stands second to few in the history of 
 the nation. 
 
 The morning was bright, and the people early began to crowd 
 the street cars that led to the center of the city. A few hours 
 later the "storm center'' of interest had changed to Lake View, 
 and as early as 9 o'clock the double and triple trains of electric 
 cars on the East Cleveland road were crowded with eager 
 passengers. 
 
 There was no lack of the broad felt hats of the G. A. R., and 
 many veterans, some crippled, and more beginning to feel the 
 weight of years, turned out to honor the memory of their martyred 
 comrade-in-arms. They joined the procession at Dorchester 
 Avenue. The representation of the Society of the Forty-second 
 Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, that Garfield commanded, was 
 especially good, nearly eighty men being in line. The Union 
 Veterans' Union also had a good representation, and the banners 
 of the Sons of Veterans gave promise of other hands to take up 
 the memorial duties when the last gray-haired veteran shall be 
 mustered out. The second division, which included the local 
 military companies, made a magnificent appearance. The Cleve- 
 land Cadets, who had the right of line. Company H, of Youngs- 
 town, Battery A, and the Galling Gun Battery deserve special 
 mention. The great and only Cleveland Grays received a constant 
 
— 73 — 
 
 ovation, as nearly a hundred strong they came down the avenue 
 in open order. The Euchd Light Infantry and the Brooks 
 BattaUon were both well uniformed and well drilled. 
 
 A full share of interest was reserved for the third division, 
 containing the carriages of the President and all his noted retainers. 
 No sooner were the nodding yellow plumes of the Forest City 
 Troop seen than curb-stone stock was quoted at a premium, and 
 continued to advance as the martial music of the Great Western 
 Band, of Sandusky, came nearer. Soon the eyes of the spectators 
 were attracted to a pleasant-faced gentleman on a big bay horse, 
 who was bowing to the right and left, in response to applause and 
 cheers. This was Governor Campbell, who, attended by his staff, 
 rode at the head of the division. The rough and ready uniforms 
 of the detachment of marines from the Michigan also caught the 
 people. But when they saw President Harrison, who stood in his 
 carriage and bowed his acknowledgments to the throng, cheer 
 after cheer went up, and the enthusiasm was unbounded. General 
 Sherman was also greeted again and again, and Major McKinley, 
 though confined in the pent-up area of a closed carriage, did not 
 escape the popular eye, and his silk hat was not allowed to remain 
 long at rest any time during the journey. The parade of the 
 Knights Templar was very imposing. Over a thousand of the 
 fraternity gathered to pay a last tribute to their truly eminent Sir 
 Knight, who exemplified in his life so many of the virtues of Free 
 Masonry. The officers of the Grand Commandery of the State 
 were followed by Templars from all parts of Ohio, and preceded 
 by representatives of the Grand Encampment of the United States. 
 The Second Regiment, Uniformed Rank Knights of Pythias, 
 and the Cantons of the Patriarch MiHtant of Odd Fellows were 
 handsomely arrayed, and were greeted with applause from friends 
 at frequent intervals. The Knights of St. John, and the German, 
 Scotch, Bohemian, Polish and Hungarian Civic Socities were 
 strong in numbers and well uniformed. The bagpipes that led the 
 Cleveland Caledonian Society and the Clan Grant piqued the 
 interest of the indifferent, but stirred the hearts of the true sons of 
 Scotland as no other music can. The Hiram Students, loo strong, 
 and the io8 neatly uniformed Letter Carriers were hailed with 
 appreciation. The Letter Carriers, in their straw hats and red 
 
— 74 — 
 
 "button-hole bouquets, looked almost as " fetching " as when they 
 enter the yard with a long-expected letter. It was a great parade, 
 successfully managed. It started on time and reached its destina- 
 tion without unnecessary delays. The line of march was beautiful 
 in that perfection which only comes when the graces of Nature 
 are wedded to those of art. The road was not dusty, a merciful 
 haze shrouded the sun, the spectators were appreciative, and the 
 water pure and plenty. The details of the formation of the 
 column, and a correct list of military and civic organizations 
 participating in it are given below : 
 
 Eight mounted Policemen, in command of Sergeant Fred. 
 Wood. 
 
 Chief Marshal, General James Barnett. 
 
 Adjutant General, General Ed. S. Meyer. 
 
 Assistant Adjutant Generals, Colonel A. McAllister, Colonel 
 E. M. Hays, U. S. A., Major W. F. Goodspeed, Major M. B. 
 Gary, Major W. J. Gleason. 
 
 Aides, Colonel W. H. Paine, Colonel M. L. Dempsey, 
 Colonel Edgar Sowers, Colonel N. S. Coe, Colonel J. F. Herrick, 
 Major W. P. Edgarton, Surgeon J. F. Isom, Captain Percy Rice, 
 Captain H. Q. Sargent, Captain E. M. Hessler, Captain Felix 
 Rosenberg, Captain H. A. Smith, Captain J. Weidenkopf, 
 Lieutenant H. R. Adams, Lieutenant H. D. Fisher, Lieutenant 
 J. S. Bradford. 
 
 Forty-eight Policemen in command of Deputy Superintendent 
 James McMahon. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION. 
 
 Captain J. B. Molyneaux, Assistant Marshal, commanding. 
 Aides, Captain A. Ward Fenton, Colonel J. F. Herrick, Captain 
 H. A. Smith, Captain N. D. Fisher. 
 
 Society of the Forty-second Regiment, O. V. I. (Garfield's), 
 Colonel Don A. Pardee commanding. 
 
 Aides, Captain E. D. Sawyer, Captain T. C. Parsons. 
 
 The following members of the Regiment were in the pro- 
 cession : E. D. Sawyer, Cleveland; Edward B. Campbell, Cleve- 
 land; Don Van Deusen, Hinckley; Stephen M. Taylor, Dover; 
 W. H. H. Monroe, Shamberg, Pa.; Marius Tuttle, North Dover; 
 
— 75 — 
 
 A. L. Clapp, Lodi; H. H. Bates, Springfield; A. M. Tuttle, 
 North Dover ; Herbert Persons, Oberlin ; S. S. Oatman, Berea ; 
 Quincy A. Turner, Ann Arbor, Mich. ; S. C. Rowley, Chicago, 
 111.; Henry Briggs, Mantua; A. C. Cooper, Caldwell; N. F. 
 Dean, Cincinnati ; George Messmer, Ekart, O. ; Thomas C. 
 Parsons, Cleveland ; Robert Pollock, Findlay ; John H. Bowman, 
 Salem ; Zachariah Emery, Rouse, O. ; Sherman M. Leach, Hiram ; 
 Joseph Rudolph, Mentor; Leander Johnson, Kent; James W. 
 Barnard, St. Louis, Mich. ; George J. Williams, Youngstown ; L. 
 H. KipHnger, Ashland ; C. B. Lamkin, Fitchville, O. ; Thomas 
 Armstrong, Barry, O.; George G. Striker, Mantua; E. McDougall, 
 Medina; C. Pence, Youngstown; Horace Diebler, Polk, O. ; W. 
 M. Starn, Ashland; O. S. Campbell, Crestline, O. ; J. R. Sadler, 
 Diamondale, Mich.; Henry Harger, Akron; D. R. Buffenmire, 
 Ashland : Benjamin F. Phinney, Cleveland ; J. W. Hopte, Cleve- 
 land ; J. A. Harris, Delta, O. ; G. W. Foote, Adanta, Ga. ; 
 George F. Brady, Norwalk, O. ; C. S. An, Anderson ; Henry 
 Hentz, Shalersville ; T. F. Williams, Avon, O. ; Frederick Byers, 
 West Salem; T. G. Parsons, Kent; F. V. Sheldon, La Grange ; 
 William H. Williams, Wellington, O. ; W. M. Crandall, Rochester, 
 O. ; M. L. Benham, LeRoy, O. ; A. Teeple, Akron ; R. D. 
 Kiplinger, Rochester, O. ; C. J. Standard, Ravenna ; R. H. 
 Richards, Granger, O. ; Miles Mack, Cleveland ; H. C. Hotch- 
 kiss, Cleveland; George S. Pomeroy, Belden, O. ; Jonah Stiles, 
 Seville, O. ; E. O. Harvey, Doylestown ; D. C. Gardner, 
 Ravenna; C. E. Henry, Dallas, Texas ; Jacob James, New Castle, 
 Pa. ; Reuben Wall, Medina ; William Sage, Elyria ; George W. 
 Waltz, W. H. Hickox, C. F. Lutz, G. Rutetel, William H. 
 Buzant, H. P. Foskett, S. S. Alden, L. A. Sims, George Hayden, 
 Medina ; P. F. Carlin, Cleveland ; A. T. Royce, Lafayette, O. ; 
 J. W. Seymour, Norwalk; George K. Pardee, Akron; J. S. Ross, 
 Hubbard; R. C. Corlett, Cleveland. 
 
 GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Cuyahoga Battalion, Colonel C. C. Dewstoe commanding. 
 
 Staff— Lieutenant Colonel C. W. Sanborn, Major L. O. Harris, 
 Adjutant E. S. BuUis, Quartermaster J. C. Walton, and J. L. 
 Smith. 
 
-76- 
 
 Forest City Post, No. 556, Cleveland, Pard B. Smith com- 
 manding, sixty men. 
 
 Logan Post, No. 282, Brecksville, Charles Stressing com- 
 manding, twenty men. 
 
 H. G. Blake Post, No. 160, Medina, O., H. McDowell 
 commanding, fifty men. 
 
 O. J. Crane Post, No. 533, Cleveland, D. A. Kimball com- 
 manding, fortx-six men. 
 
 Memorial Post, No. 141, Cleveland, G. C. Barnes commanding, 
 one hundred and fifty men and drum corps. 
 
 Brough Post, No. 359, Collamer, William Jayred commanding, 
 forty men. 
 
 Lorain County Battalion, J. J. Thomas commanding. 
 
 Richard Allen Post, of Elyria, Major Griswold commanding, 
 thirty men. 
 
 UNION veterans' union. 
 
 General W. T. Clark, Commander-in-Chief; Captain George 
 A. McKay, Adjutant General; F. B. Bell, Assistant Adjutant 
 General ; A. P. Fairbanks, Quartermaster General ; Levi F. 
 Bauder, Judge Advocate General ; Captain Daniel Rosers, In- 
 spector-General. 
 
 Rochester Cornet Band. 
 
 General F. R. Loomis, Department Commander, commanding; 
 aide. Colonel Conrad Beck. 
 
 The following commands were represented, turning out about 
 six hundred men : 
 
 Justice Command, No. 3, city. Colonel George W. Morris 
 commanding. 
 
 Merwin Clark Command, No. 3, city, Colonel James Hayr 
 commanding. 
 
 Boalt Command, No. 17, Norwalk, A. J. Akers commanding. 
 
 Major A. J. Snyder Command, No. 30, Fremont, J. M. 
 Neibling commanding. 
 
 John A. Logan Command, No. 15, McKeesport, Dowden 
 
 commanding. 
 
 A. Lincoln Command, No. 3, Pittsburg, General Houghton 
 commanding. 
 
— 77 — 
 
 A. Lincoln Command, No. i, Akron, O., General Taneyhill 
 commanding. 
 
 Sandusky Command, No. 31, Sandusky, Colonel I. F. Mack 
 commanding. 
 
 Clyde Command, No. 35, Clyde, O. 
 
 SONS OF VETERANS. 
 
 Fremont Light Guard Band. 
 
 C. A. Buckland Camp, No. 4, Fremont, O., Captain H. S. 
 Buckland commanding, ten men. 
 
 Wheeler-Creighton Camp, No. 34, Cleveland, Captain C. J. 
 Shaw commanding, twenty-five men. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 General M. D. Leggett, Assistant Marshal, commanding ; 
 Chief of Staff, Colonel Louis Smithnight ; Assistant Adjutant 
 General, Colonel P. M. Hitchcock ; Aides, Colonel F. H. Flick, 
 Major John Ganberlin, Captain G. S. Carpenter, United States 
 Army, Captain F. A. Gay, Lieutenant A. C. Caine ; Orderlies, 
 Reuben Hitchcock and George Worthington. 
 
 Mudra's Band. 
 
 Fifth Regiment, O. N. G., Colonel J. W. Gibbons com- 
 manding. 
 
 Company B, of Cleveland, Captain Edmund M. Whitney 
 commanding, sixty-five men. 
 
 Company F, of Cleveland, Captain Daniel Fovargue com- 
 manding, fifty men. 
 
 Company H, of Youngstown, Captain John A. Logan com- 
 manding, forty men. 
 
 Company A, of Cleveland, Captain John J. Dalton com- 
 manding, forty-nine men. 
 
 Company C, of Burton, forty men. 
 
 Washington Infantry, of Pittsburg, Captain A. P. Shannon 
 commanding, forty men. 
 
 Eighteenth Regiment Band, of Pittsburg. 
 
 Sheridan Sabers, of Pittsburg, Captain C. Smith commanding, 
 twenty-six men. 
 
 Euclid Light Infantry Band. 
 
-78- 
 
 Euclid Light Infantry, Captain V. E. Gregg commanding, 
 fifty men. 
 
 St. Malachi's Band. 
 
 Hibernian Guards, Major W. R. Ryan commanding, fifty 
 
 men. 
 
 Knights of Temperance, Captain C. W. Brightman com- 
 manding, thirty-five men. 
 
 Trinity Cadets, thirty boys. 
 
 St. John's Cadets, thirty boys. 
 
 Fourteenth Regiment Band. 
 
 Pugh Videttes, of Columbus, Captain E. G. Bailey com- 
 manding, forty men. 
 
 Grand Army Band, of Canton. 
 
 Catling Gun Battery, of Cleveland (dismounted). Captain L. 
 C. Hanna commanding, 75 men. 
 
 Brooks Battalion, Major Ernest Farmer commanding, fifty 
 men. 
 
 The Cleveland Grays' Band. 
 
 The Cleveland Grays, Captain AV. J. Morgan commanding, 
 ninety men. 
 
 Battery A, First Light Artillery, Captain H. M. Clewell 
 ccgnmanding, four guns and sixty men. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION. 
 
 Governor Campbell and Staff, Colonel W. H. Hayward com- 
 manding division. Aides, Colonel A. M. Burns, Captain J. N. 
 Stewart, Captain B. D. Annewalt, and Lieutenant C. E. Burke. 
 
 First City Troop, Captain George A. Garretson commanding, 
 fifty-two men. 
 
 Great Western Band, of Sandusky, twenty-five pieces. 
 
 Marines and Sailors of the the Michigan, Ensign Chapin 
 Commanding, seventy-five men. 
 
 Carriages containing the President, Vice President, and Cab- 
 inet, and other National, State, and City Officials : 
 
 First carriage, President Harrison, ex-President Hayes, Hon. 
 Amos Townsend, and Mr. Dan P. Eells. 
 
 Second carriage, Vice-President Morton, Lieutenant Governor 
 
— 79 — 
 
 Marquis, of Ohio, Mayor George W. Gardner, and Hon. M. A. 
 Hanna. 
 
 Third carriage, Secretary of the Treasury Windom, Postmaster 
 General Wanamaker, ex-Governor Foster, and Major W. W. 
 Armstrong. 
 
 Fourth carriage. Secretary of Agriculture Rusk, Senator 
 Manderson, of Nebraska, and Hon. D. A. Dangler. 
 
 Fifth carriage. General Sherman, General Schofield, ex-Post- 
 master General James, and Mr. William Chisholm. 
 
 Sixth carriage. Major William McKinley, Jr. , General J. D. 
 Cox, Bishop Leonard, of the Diocese of Ohio, and Mr. J. H. 
 McBride. 
 
 Seventh carriage, ex-Governor Buckley, of Connecticut, 
 Senator Quinn, Governor Dillingham, and Mr. C. B. Lockwood. 
 
 Eighth carriage. Governor Fairchild, of Wisconsin, Lieutenant 
 Governor Smith, Lieutenant Governor Maynard, and Hon. O. J. 
 Hodge. 
 
 Ninth carriage. General J. Warren Keifer, General Buckland, 
 General O. Smith, and Hon. M. A. Foran. 
 
 Tenth carriage. Colonel Corben, General G. B. Wright, 
 General D. G. Swaim, and Mr. J. H. Wade. 
 
 Eleventh carriage, Hon. A. G. Riddle, Congressman H. 
 Stockbridge, and Hon. T. E. Burton. 
 
 Twelfth carriage, Chief Justice Marshall and Judge Spear, of 
 the Ohio Supreme Court. 
 
 Carriages No. 13 and 14, Officers of the Michigan, Com- 
 mander Wadleigh, Lieutenant Symonds, Ensign Shepley, Surgeon 
 Baldwin, Paymaster Carpenter, and Chief Engineer Reed. 
 
 Carriage No. 15, Department Commander Dowling and his 
 aides, General W. J. Jones, and Colonel B. M. Moulton, of the 
 Grand Army. 
 
 Carriage No. 16, Bishop Gilmour, Rev. T. P. Thorpe, Rev. 
 Mr. Boff, and Rev. Mr. Houck. 
 
 Carriage No. 17, Mr. George Keller, of Hartford, architect 
 of the monument ; Mr. William H. Burke, master of the interior 
 decorations; Thomas Keller, Mrs. George Keller, and Mrs. 
 George W. Morgan. 
 
 Carriage No. 18, Alexander Doyle, of New York, the sculptor 
 
— 8o — 
 
 of Garfield's statue ; Mr. W. R. Crawford, of Chicago ; Hon. A. 
 Pease, of Massillon. 
 
 Carriage No. 19, Colonel Dobbledayand Hon. T. D. Crocker. 
 
 Carriage No. 20, President Carter, of Williams College; 
 General Coburn, of Indianapolis; Dr. J. I. Ely, of Iowa; and 
 Hon. George H. Ely. 
 
 Carriage No. 21, Judge Dickman, Judge Wickham, of Nor- 
 walk ; Judge M. Welker, and Hon. George T. Chapman. 
 
 Carriage No. 22, Hon. Charles Herrman, Hon. Thomas A. 
 Cowgill, of Ravenna; Mr. H. C. Ranney, and Mr. M. Gallagher. 
 
 Carriage No. 23, State Auditor Foe, Hon. H. S. Chamber- 
 lain, of Chattanooga, Tenn. ; Hon. R. M. Haines, of Grinnell, 
 la. ; Hon. E. H. Fitch, of Jefferson, O. 
 
 Carriage No. 24, President ZoUars, of Hiram College, and 
 Mr. A. Teachout. 
 
 Carriage No. 25, Professor B. A. Hinsdale, of Ann Arbor, 
 Hon. Harmon Austin, and Andrew Squire, Esq. 
 
 Carriage No. 26, Professor A. C. Pierson and Professor G. 
 A. Peckham, of Hiram College, and Mr. N. P. Bowler. 
 
 Carriage No. 27, Professor William Bowler, of Hiram College, 
 and College Trustees E. L. Hall, J. T. Parmly, and E. B. 
 Wakefield. 
 
 Carriage No. 28, Rev. Lathrop Cooley, and Mr. H. L. 
 Morgan, Trustee of Hiram College. 
 
 Carriage No. 29, Colonel John Kinnane and wife, of Spring- 
 field, O. , and Major W. R. Burnett, Mayor of Springfield, and 
 Mrs. Burnett. 
 
 Carriages Nos. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 con- 
 tained minor city officials, members of the City Council, Professor 
 A. H. Thompson, of Brooks School, Mayor Blake and Councilman 
 Leed, of Canton, Victor Gutzweiler, and C. W. Randall, of 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 FOURTH DIVISION. 
 
 Em. Sir M. J. Houck, Grand Captain General K. T. of 
 Ohio, commanding; Em. Sir H. P. Mcintosh, Grand Senior 
 Warden, Chief of the Staff ; Sir D. B. Wilcox, Adjutant General. 
 Aides, Sir John A. Warner, Sir John P. McCune, Sir Charles E. 
 
— 8i — 
 
 Sheldon, Sir W. A. Eudaly, Sir H. M. Priest, Sir W. ¥. Baldwin, 
 Sir L. C. Harris, Sir Joshua M. Booth, Sir W. T. Robbins, Sir F. 
 W. Pelton, Sir George S. McGuire. 
 
 KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. 
 
 First Section — Em. Sir John P. McCune commanding. 
 
 First Regiment Band, of Cincinnati. 
 
 Hanselman Commandery, No. i6, of Cincinnati, John 
 McLiesh commanding, one hundred swords. 
 
 Cathedral Band, of Pittsburg. 
 
 Pittsburg Commandery, No. i, Pittsburg, A. B. Youngron 
 commanding, eighty swords. 
 
 Detroit Commandery, No. i, Detroit, Joseph Findleter com- 
 manding, sixty swords. 
 
 Second Section — Em. Sir Charles E. Shelden commanding. 
 
 United States Barracks Band, of Columbus. 
 
 Mt. Vernon Commandery, No. i, Columbus, Dr. D. N. 
 Kinsman commanding, forty swords. 
 
 Massillon Commandery, No. i, Massillon, Captain General 
 Baltsley commanding, forty swords. 
 
 ^^'indham Band. 
 
 Oriental Commandery, No. 12, Cleveland, Captain General 
 Foster commanding, one hundred swords. 
 
 Norwalk Commandery, No. 18, Norwalk, James E. Sprague 
 commanding, twenty swords. 
 
 Third Section — Past Em. Sir L. C. Harris commanding. 
 
 Painesville Cornet Band. 
 
 Eagle Commandery, Painesville, W. J. Haskell commanding, 
 forty swords. 
 
 Cache Commandery, No. 27, Conneaut, J. F. Lane com- 
 manding, thirty-five swords. 
 
 Garfield Commandery, No. 28, ^^'ashington Court House, 
 Willis N. Allen commanding, twenty-four swords. 
 
 Drum Corps. 
 
 Holyrood Commandery, No. 32, Cleveland, J. S. Matthews 
 commanding, one hundred and fifteen swords. 
 
 Great Western Band, of Akron. 
 
— 82 — 
 
 Akron Commandery, No. 25, Akron, J. M. Hays command- 
 ing, forty swords. 
 
 Light Artillery Band, of Cleveland. 
 
 Forest City Commandery, No. 40, of Cleveland, George 
 Presley, Jr., commanding, forty swords. 
 
 Independent Band, of Greenville, Pa. 
 
 Warren Commandery, No. 39, Warren, O., George H. 
 Taylor commanding, forty swords. 
 
 Fourth Section — Em. Sir John A. Warner commanding. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Encampment, K. T. of U. S. A. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Commandery of Ohio. 
 
 Right Eminent Grand Commander Henry Perkins, of 
 Akron, O. 
 
 Personal Staff of the Grand Commander. 
 
 Very Eminent Sir William B. Melish, Deputy Grand Com- 
 mander. 
 
 Eminent Sir Huntington Brown, Grand Generalissimo. 
 
 Eminent Sir L. F. Van Cleve, Grand Prelate. 
 
 Eminent Sir William M. Meek, Grand Junior Warden. 
 
 Eminent Sir J. Burton Parsons, Grand Treasurer. 
 
 Eminent Sir John N. Bell, Grand Recorder. 
 
 Eminent Sir W. S. Hufford, Grand Sword Bearer. 
 
 Eminent Sir Jacob Randall, Grand Captain of the Guard. 
 
 FIFTH DIVISION. 
 
 Colonel Louis Black, Assistant Marshal, commanding ; aides, 
 Captain J. F. McCarthy, Sir A. Bichlmyer, Sir Adam Schneider, 
 Sir Henry Weideman, Sir Philip Bishop. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 
 
 Ohio Brigade K. P., General J. W. Greene and Staff. 
 
 Second Regiment Uniformed Rank Knights of Pythias, 
 Lieutenant Colonel George Kieffer commanding. 
 
 Eighth Regiment Band, of Akron. 
 
 Preux Chevalier Division, No. 3, of Cleveland, Captain J. L. 
 Athey commanding, fifty-three men. 
 
 Standard Division, No. 41, of Cleveland, Captain I. W. 
 Dodge commanding, twenty-four men. 
 
-83- 
 
 Cleveland Division, No. 8, Cleveland, Captain A. Petze 
 commanding, twenty-four men. 
 
 Oak Division, No. 20, Captain J. F. McCarthy commanding, 
 twenty-three men. 
 
 Buckeye Division, of Ravenna, C. Ball commanding, twenty- 
 four men. 
 
 Red Cross Division, No. 27, of Cleveland, Captain L. A. 
 Davis commanding, fifty men. 
 
 SIXTH DIVISION. 
 
 Knights of St. John and Knights of Father Matthew, Colonel 
 John Dunn, Assistant Marshal, commanding; aides. Adjutant 
 William Kirk, John McKenna. 
 
 First Battalion, Knights of St. John, Lieutenant Colonel R. 
 E. Greene commanding. 
 
 Hull's Band. 
 
 Washington Assembly, Knights of St. John, Captain P. H. 
 McMahon commanding, thirty-seven men. 
 
 Lafayette Assembly, Knights of St. John, Captain Robert 
 Kegg commanding, thirty-two men. 
 
 St. Peter's Assembly, Captain Victor Senn commanding, 
 thirty men. 
 
 St. Joseph's Assembly, Captain George Raquett commanding, 
 seventeen men. 
 
 Knights of Father Mathew, Captain Ed. R. Cummings com- 
 manding, thirty men. 
 
 Sheridan Assembly, Captain C. A. Dainz commanding, 
 thirty-five men. 
 
 St. Stephen's Assembly, Captain A. Beissenger commanding, 
 forty-four men. 
 
 St. Francis Assembly, Captain E. Neiberding commanding, 
 thirty men. 
 
 Immaculate Assembly, Captain J. H. Mangan commanding, 
 thirty men. 
 
 Knights of Father Matthew, St. Malachi Assembly, I. Longtin 
 commanding, thirty-eight men. 
 
 Woodland Cornet Band. 
 
-84- 
 
 Uniformed Letter Carriers, Captain Charles Zimmerman, 
 one hundred and eight men. 
 
 SEVENTH DIVISION. 
 
 German Civic Societies, Captain E. H. Bohm, Assistant 
 TSlarshal, commanding ; aides. Colonel W. A. Moore, Captain 
 Charles Schmidt, Captain N. Weidenkopf, Captain Theodore 
 Voges. 
 
 Knights of Pythias Band, of Cleveland. 
 
 German Warriors' Association, Captain Chris Bender com- 
 manding, forty-five men. 
 
 First Preussen Verein, Captain Paulus commanding, forty men. 
 
 EIGHTH DIVISION. 
 
 Captain McNiel, Assistant Marshal, commanding ; aides, P. 
 "Smith, F. Randall, E. Cowley, F. Kartuszewski, J. Ptak, F. 
 Buettner, Luke Brennan, J. Sheehan. 
 
 St. Stanislaus Band. 
 
 Knights of St. Casimer, Martin Ygrabek commanding, seventy- 
 five men. 
 
 Knights of St. Michael, Albert Makaski commanding, forty- 
 two men. 
 
 Society of the Sacred Heart, Anton Novowski commanding, 
 iifty men. 
 
 Society of St. Joseph, forty-five men. 
 
 Society of St. Vincent de Paul, seventy-eight men. 
 
 Star Cornet Band. 
 
 St. Stanislaus Society, seventy-five men. 
 
 NINTH DIVISION. 
 
 Hungarian Cornet Band. 
 
 Hungarian Civic Societies, Cajjtain Louis Perczel, Assistant 
 Marshal, commanding ; aide, August Sztatchousky. 
 
 Hungarian Aid Society, Captain J. S. Perley commanding. 
 
 Hungarian Benefit and Society Union, Captain William Lictig 
 commanding. 
 
 Batthyanyi Society, Captain S. Schweiger commanding. 
 
-85- 
 
 Kossuth Society, Captain J. Eivan commanding. 
 St. Saszlo Society, Captain J. Weiser commanding. 
 St. Imre Society, Captain 0. Weiser commanding. 
 Diak Society, Captain M. Lengell commanding. 
 These societies turned out over four hundred men. 
 
 TENTH DIVISION. 
 
 Colonel Allan T. Brinsmade, Assistant Marshal, commanding 
 division ; aides, H. B. Hannum, Victor Gutzweiler, F. H. Morris, 
 E. E. Beeman, Frank H. Many. 
 
 Miscellaneous Civic Societies. 
 
 Ohio Division Independent Foresters, Colonel Ferd Gunzen- 
 hauser commanding ; Chief of Staff, W. Oehlstrom ; aides, William 
 Bentel, L. A. Dehler, James Caldwell, L. Wenifield, two hundred 
 men. 
 
 Cleveland Caledonian Club, Chief F. H. Taylor commanding, 
 twenty-five men. 
 
 One hundred Students of Hiram College, Captain A. V 
 Taylor commanding. 
 
 Clan Grant, No. 17, Order of Scottish Clans, of Cleveland, 
 W. A. Affleck commanding, twenty-five men. 
 
 Bohemian Citizens' Lodge, Captain E. Vapolecky command- 
 ing, twenty-eight men. 
 
 ELEVENTH DIVISION. 
 
 Colonel C. L. Alderson, Assistant Marshal, commanding; 
 aides. Captain C. C. Benham, Captain E. C. Cook, Captain J. D. 
 Anderson, Captain W. H. Lutton, Captain F. Friedley. 
 
 UNIFORMED RANK, ODD FELLOWS. 
 
 J. L. Hudson's Band. 
 
 Canton Cuyahoga, Lieutenant R. H. Stone commanding, 
 sixty men. 
 
 Canton Expeditas, of Akron, Captain Howard E. Sears com- 
 manding, fifty men. 
 
 Canton Cleveland, of Cleveland, Captain Frank Friedler 
 commanding, forty men. 
 
— 86 — 
 
 Canton Calumet, of Norwalk, Captain S. C. Crawford com- 
 manding, thirty-eight men. 
 
 Canton Ashland, of Ashland, Captain S. L. Arnold com- 
 manding, thirty-five men. 
 
 TWELFTH DIVISION. 
 
 This was the largest division in the entire procession, and 
 was officered as follows: Captain M. G. Browne, Assistant 
 Marshal, commanding ; aides, Captain W. H. H. Peck, Captain 
 George W. Lewis, Captain S. W. Burrows, Edgar E. Strong, 
 U. S. Grant. 
 
 The division was composed of citizens unattached and in 
 carriages. There were at least one hundred carriages in the rear 
 of the procession. This division formed on Dodge Street, with its 
 right resting on Euclid Avenue. 
 
THE RETURN AND ENTOMBMENT. 
 
 The day following the announcement of the death of the Pres- 
 ident, thousands of people viewed the remains during the hours 
 they were in state at Elberon. Brief services were conducted in 
 the presence of the family and a few friends, by Rev. Charles J. 
 Young, pastor of the church at Long Branch. The Cabinet made 
 preparations for imposing funeral ceremonies. A special train 
 conveyed the funeral party to Washington, and the remains were 
 in state at the Capitol until Friday afternoon. Solemn funeral 
 services were held before a large assemblage, comprising Senators 
 and Representatives, Judges of the Supreme Court, the foreign 
 legations and prominent Court officials. Rev. Dr. Rankin read a 
 Scriptural selection. Rev. Isaac Errett made the opening prayer, 
 the discourse was delivered by Rev. F. D. Powers, and Rev. J. 
 G. Butler closed the ceremonies with prayer. 
 
 On the journey from Washington to Cleveland, the people 
 everywhere gave token of their respect and bereavement. At 
 East Liverpool a beautiful funeral arch had been erected, and at 
 Wellsville Governor Foster and his staff met the train. During the 
 trip the Escort Committee selected the pall-bearers and they were 
 approved by Mrs. Garfield. The pall-bearers chosen were : Hon. 
 W. S. Streator, Hon. C. B. Lockwood, Mr. J. H. Rhodes, H. C. 
 White, Esq., Judge R. P. Ranney, Judge J. W. Tyler, Mr. Edwin 
 Cowles, Mr. Dan P. Eells, Hon. R. C. Parsons, Mr. Selah Cham- 
 berlain, William Robison, Esq. , and Captain C. E. Henry. As 
 the train neared Cleveland the crowds grew thicker and closer, 
 and from Newburg to Euclid Avenue there was scarcely a break in 
 the mass of people that lined the tracks. The houses were all 
 hung with crape, flags were at half mast, and the ringing of the 
 
— 88 — 
 
 church bells told of the city's sorrow. The Euclid Avenue Station 
 was the destination of the train, and a host of people were there 
 when it arrived at i : 20 o'clock, Saturday afternoon. Mrs. Gar- 
 field and her party were driven in eight carriages to the home of 
 James Mason, Esq. The casket was placed in a hearse and 
 escorted to the catafalque in the center of the Public Square by a 
 funeral cortege arranged as follows: Colonel Wilson and staff, 
 Silver Gray's Band, First City Troop, Reception Committee in 
 carriages, Holyrood and Oriental Commanderies of Knights Tem- 
 plar, Escort Committee in carriages, hearse with eight black 
 horses led by William Waller, James Tilley, H. J. DeKidd, George 
 Lawson, and Joseph Mann, and guarded by Knights Templar in 
 columns of three, flanked by ten horsemen of the First City Troop 
 on each side; band, Cleveland Grays, veterans of Garfield's regi- 
 ment (the Forty-second Ohio Volunteers), members of the Cabinet 
 in carriages. General Sherman and aides, Guard of Honor com- 
 posed of officers of the army and navy. United States Senators and 
 Representatives in carriages, and distinguished guests in carriages. 
 The casket was placed on the dais in the catafalque, and a detach- 
 ment of the Cleveland Grays was placed on guard. The cata- 
 falque was probably the finest temporary structure of the kind 
 ever erected in America, and it was viewed by the great crowds of 
 visitors with wonder and admiration. The structure was located 
 at the intersection of Superior and Ontario streets, and was forty 
 feet square at the base. The four fronts were spanned by arches 
 twenty-four feet wide at the base, and thirty-six feet high. The 
 dais upon which the casket rested was five and one-half feet high 
 and covered with velvet, handsomely festooned. A long carpeted 
 walk ascended to the floor from the east and west fronts. The 
 pavilion was seventy-two feet high to the ape.x of the roof The 
 columns at each side of the arches were ornamented by shields of 
 beautiful design and exquisitely draped. Over these were sus- 
 pended unfurled flags. The centers of the arches bore similar 
 shields, and groups of furled flags were displayed at the angles of 
 the roof Projecting from the angles at the base were elevated 
 platforms, each with a piece of field artillery, and occupied by fully 
 uniformed military guards. In and about the pavilion were the 
 choicest floral specimens of beauty and fragrance, and prominent 
 
among them were a car-load of flowers given by Cincinnati florists. 
 
 Massive and beautiful arches spanned the four entrances to the 
 Square. The towers were four feet square, supported by heavy 
 buttresses on three sides and thirty feet in height. The whole was 
 covered with i,ooo yards of black bunting, decorated with flowers, 
 festoons of evergreen, etc., and the towers were inscribed with 
 the names of the States and suitable mottoes. 
 
 On Sunday, the casket was in state, and all day and all night 
 a ceaseless throng of people marched, four abreast, through the 
 pavilion. At n o'clock Sunday morning the line of people march- 
 ing through the catafalque extended from the Square to the Via- 
 duct drawbridge, the number of people during the day exceeding 
 100,000. 
 
 In the afternoon a number of appropriate selections were ren- 
 dered at the pavilion by the Marine Band. Memorial services 
 were conducted at all the city churches on an elaborate scale, and 
 addresses were delivered by many of the distinguished visitors in 
 the city. During all of Saturday and Sunday the railroads and 
 lake boats were taxed to their fullest capacity in bringing in 
 strangers, and on Sunday night more than one hundred thousand 
 visitors were in the city. 
 
 Monday, September 26th, the day appointed for the grand ob- 
 sequies, came in bright and clear. The sun rose brilliantly, and a 
 cool breeze swept over the city from the lake. At an early hour 
 the streets were alive with people, and by 10 o'clock Monumental 
 Park was surrounded by a surging mass of struggling human beings, 
 so densely packed that women fainted, children screamed, and 
 strong men gasped for breath as the living throng surged from 
 place to place in the vain endeavor to get nearer the guard line 
 along the route of the procession. 
 
 The city presented a remarkable appearance, and the scene will 
 undoubtedly live always in the memory of those who witnessed it. 
 Every business block in the central part of the city was elaborately 
 and handsomely draped with white and black bunting, and pictures 
 of the dead President were to be seen everywhere. Private resi- 
 dences throughout the city were also draped, and at every residence 
 on Euclid Avenue there was evidence of mourning. Huge Gothic 
 arches spanned the roadways at Superior and Erie Streets, Euclid 
 
— 9° — 
 
 and Erie, Euclid and Willson, Euclid and Doan, and at the 
 ■entrance to Lake View Cemetery. 
 
 At 9 o'clock the guard lines were closed up and the people were 
 excluded from the catafalque. Half an hour later the funeral car 
 drove around the southern side of the Square and entered at the 
 eastern arch. It presented an imposing and mournful appearance. 
 
 The plan for the car is said to have been original with Mr. John 
 Tod, and it was certainly beautiful and appropriate. It consisted 
 ■of a platform eight by sixteen feet, supported on four heavy truck 
 wheels. From the edge of the platform to within an inch of the 
 ground heavy black drapery, bordered with silver fringe, was sus- 
 pended. Immediately below and contiguous to the platform hung 
 folds of heavy white silk, caught up with black silk cord. Two 
 terrace steps led up to the pall. Between the steps rolls of immor- 
 telles ran around the whole car. On each corner of the platform 
 ■was a stand of flags draped in black. The arched canopy was 
 supported by three columns on each side, covered with black 
 broadcloth and coiled garlands of immortelles, and with capitals of 
 Egyptian design. Just above the columns ran a projecting cornice 
 with black and white rosettes in the frieze, under which were hung 
 festoons of heavy broadcloth and silver fringe, large wreaths of 
 immortelles being displayed in the shape of lambrequins. On the 
 corners above the canopy were black ostrich plumes. The dome 
 of the canopy was six feet above the cornice, covered with black 
 cloth and surrounded with immortelles. On the corners of the 
 dome were beautiful black plumes ; the whole crowned by a large 
 Tirn wreathed with immortelles. The ceiling of the canopy was 
 formed by alternate folds of black cloth, white silk, and some 
 bright red material. The casket stood on a dais of ample size 
 covered with black broadcloth and bordered along the upper edge 
 with immortelles. The car was drawn by twelve black horses, 
 four abreast, led by six colored grooms. The horses were capari- 
 soned with heavy black cloth covers bordered with silver fringe, 
 and carried black, white-tipped plumes. 
 
 At 9: 25 o'clock the Cleveland Vocal Society in full force 
 entered the Square from the east and took seats at the extreme south 
 of the platform running from the pavilion up Ontario Street to the 
 southern gate. At 9:40 o'clock ex-President and Mrs. Hayes, Hon. 
 
— 91 — 
 
 William M. Evarts, Governor Foster, Bishop Bedell, Rev. Dr. J. 
 W. Brown, and other gentlemen, with ladies, passed through the 
 catafalque and examined the casket and flowers. Chief Justice M. 
 R. Waite was the first of the distinguished guests to ascend the 
 southern platform, in company with Hon. H. B. Payne. He was 
 accompanied by Mr. Blaine, Secretary of State, Justices Strong, 
 Harlan and Mathews, and ex-Minister Edward F. Noyes. Then 
 came Messrs. H. M. Nichols and H. R. Groff, and soon, in full 
 uniform. General William T. Sherman, General Philip H. Sheridan, 
 General Winfield Scott Hancock, Rear Admiral John Rodgers, 
 Admiral Stanley, Commodore Ingalls, Quartermaster General 
 Meigs, Surgeon General Wales, Adjutant General Drum, Chief 
 Paymaster Looker, Colonel Ward and Colonel Tourtelotte. In a 
 minute or two a large number of members of the United States 
 Senate ascended the platform. The party included Hon. John 
 Sherman, General John A. Logan, Hon. Don Cameron, Hon. G. 
 H. Pendleton, Hon. George F. Edmunds, General Benjamin Har- 
 rison, and Hon. Thomas F. Bayard. The order in which the 
 guests were seated on the platform was as follows : Army and 
 navy guard of honor. Justices of the Supreme Court, Governors of 
 States, Lieutenant Governors, Senators, Representatives, other 
 officers of the army and navy. Society of the Army of the Cumber- 
 land, classmates of President Garfield, Mayors of cities. Council- 
 men and Aldermen. 
 
 A few minutes after lo o'clock a long, double line of carriages 
 entered the Square from the east, and the occupants entered the 
 catafalque. They were Mrs. Garfield and the members of her 
 family, Mrs. Ehza Garfield, the President's mother, members of the 
 Cabinet and their wives. Judge Advocate General Swaim, Private 
 Secretary J. S. Brown, and a number of other relatives and friends. 
 A hedge of shrubs and plants shut the interior of the catafalque 
 from view, and the family and friends were alone with the dead. 
 At 10:30 o'clock about eighty members of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, closely followed by Governor Charles Foster and his 
 glittering staff, Governor Cornell, of New York, and twenty gray- 
 haired classmates of the President, took seats on the platform. A 
 moment later the minute guns in Lake View Park announced the 
 time for beginning services. A round table with a Bible and hymn- 
 book were on the platform, and about it were seated Rt. Rev. 
 
— 92 — 
 
 Bishop G. T. Bedell, Rev. Isaac Errett, Rev. Dr. Ross C. Houghton, 
 Rev. Dr. Jabez Hall, Rev. Dr. Charles S. Pomeroy, and Rev. A. 
 H. Norcross. Dr. J. P. Robison announced singing by the Cleve- 
 land Vocal Society, and the Society sang a portion of Beethoven's 
 Funeral Hymn. Bishop Bedell read selections from the Scriptures, 
 and Rev. Dr. Houghton followed with a short and fervent prayer. 
 After the Vocal Society had sung "To Thee, O Lord, I Yield 
 My Spirit," Rev. Isaac Errett, of Cincinnati, who had been chosen 
 at Mrs. Garfield's request, delivered an eloquent address, taking 
 for his text : And the archers shot King Josiah, and the king said 
 to his servants, have me away, I am sore wounded, ' etc. When 
 he had concluded. Rev. Dr. Jabez Hall read the " Reaper Song,'' 
 which was a favorite of the late President, and after it had been 
 sung by the Vocal Society, Rev. Dr. Pomeroy offered prayer and 
 the benediction. The procession was immediately formed, and the 
 line of march was taken up for the cemetery. The demonstration 
 was one of the largest and most imposing ever seen in the country. 
 It was estimated that the parade comprised 25,000 men, was five 
 miles long, and required two hours to pass a given point. 
 
 The first six divisions marched until the head reached the 
 cemetery, when the lines opened that the funeral car might pass 
 through. At 3 : 40 o'clock the funeral car, with its somber decora- 
 tions, drew up in front of the vault at Lake View, and the pall- 
 bearers and guard of honor formed a double line from the car to 
 the sepulcher. A canopy was erected in front of the vault, and 
 beneath was a carpet hidden from view with flowers. There was 
 a heavy downfall of rain while the procession was on the way to 
 the cemetery and again during the services at the cemetery. The 
 ceremonies there were brief and simple. The Marine Band ren- 
 dered "Nearer My God to Thee," and Rev. J. H. Jones, Chap- 
 lain of the Forty-second Regiment, delivered a brief funeral oration. 
 Dr. Robison then announced that the Cleveland Gesangverein 
 would sing General Garfield's fa\'orite funeral ode, the nineteenth 
 ode of Horace. They rendered the selection with an impressive 
 effect. Professor B. A. Hinsdale pronounced the benediction, and 
 all was over. The friends, the relatives, and the finely equipped 
 military and civic societies departed, and the home of the dead was 
 left to the multitude, and the lonely vigils of the military guard at 
 the vault, under the command of Lieutenant Clarence R. Edwards. 
 
93 — 
 
 Expressions of lamentation and sorrow by public journals and 
 their contributors were unprecedented for numbers and intensity 
 of sympathy. The following classical parallel, contributed by 
 Mr. Frederick T. Wallace, of Cleveland, was deemed one of the 
 most unique and appropriate utterances of the occasion, and is 
 hereby preserved as a part of this sad funereal record : 
 
 AGRIPPINA AND LUCRETIA— A PARALLEL. 
 
 In the reign of Tiberius, Germanicus ruled in Asia and com- 
 manded the Imperial Legions. In the midst of his career, popular 
 in his administration and beloved for his private virtues, he was 
 assassinated by poison, administered by the hands of a woman, 
 instigated thereto by Piso, a military rival, who at the same time 
 approached the Asiatic capital, Antioch, with an insurgent army 
 before Germanicus was yet dead. Choate, in his felicitous render- 
 ing of the Latin of Tacitus, tells the story of a tragedy which now, 
 after the lapse of nearly two thousand years, history has repeated, 
 forming in all essential incidents a most remarkable parallel. 
 
 Germanicus, upon his martyr-bed, said: "If my threshold 
 is to be besieged, if my blood is to be poured out under the eye 
 of my enemies, what will befall my most wretched wife ? what 
 my children yet infants? Piso thinks poison too slow!" Ger- 
 manicus at first, for a brief space, was elevated to the hope of 
 recovery, but soon perceived that his end was approaching ; and 
 with wearied frame then addressed the friends who stood around 
 him: " If I were yielding to a decree of nature, I might justly 
 grieve for the ordination even of the gods who snatch me away 
 from parents, children, country, by a premature departure in my 
 season of youth. But now, intercepted violently and suddenl)- by 
 the crime of Piso and Plancina, I leave my last prayers in vour 
 hearts. Tell my father and my brother by what afflictions torn 
 asunder, by what treachery circumvented, I close mj- most unhap- 
 py life, and by the most inglorious death. If there are those in 
 whom my earlier hopes my kindred blood awakened an interest; 
 if there are any in whom, while living, I moved an emotion of 
 
— 94 — 
 
 envy, they will weep that he, once shining the survivor of so many 
 wars, has fallen by the fraud of woman. There will be allowed 
 you opportunity of preferring a complaint to the Senate, and of 
 invoking the laws. It is not the chief office of friendship to stand 
 looking after the departed with listless sorrow, but to remember 
 his wishes and to perform his injunctions. Even strangers will 
 weep for Germanicus. You will vindicate him, if it were himself 
 rather than his conspicuous fortune, which you loved and cher- 
 ished. Show the people of Rome the granddaughter of Augustus, 
 my wife ; enumerate my six children. Sympathy will enlist itself 
 with the accusers; and they who may oply pretend that their 
 crimes were commanded by a higher will shall not be believed, 
 or shall not be held guiltless." Then turning to his wife he 
 entreated her by his memory, by their common children, to sup- 
 press all vehemence of resentment, to resign her spirit to her cruel 
 fortune when she should return to the city, to avoid by emulation 
 of power exasperating those above her in the State. Within a 
 brief space afterward he died, to the profound sorrow of the 
 province and of the countries round it. Foreign nations and kings 
 mourned for him. Such had been his courtesy to his subjects of 
 the province; such his clemency toward his enemies; such rever- 
 ence did his countenance and speech alike conciliate, that while 
 he preserved and displayed the grandeur and dignity of the highest 
 estate, he escaped envy and the accusation of arrogance. 
 
 His funeral was celebrated by praises and by the memory and 
 rehearsal of his virtues. Some there were who drew a parallel 
 between him in respect of form and of age, the kind of death, the 
 general region in which he died, and the traits and fortune of 
 Alexander the Great. Each of them, it was called to mind, was 
 of dignified and graceful ])erson, and each, not much past the thir- 
 tieth year of life, died by treachery of his countrymen in foreign 
 lands. But (iermanicus was gentle toward his friend.s, temperate 
 in his pleasures, the husband of one wife, the father of legitimate 
 children only. Nor was he, they urged, less a warrior, although 
 characterized by less rashness. His body, before it was burned, 
 was exposed in the forum of Antioch, which was the place assigned 
 for funeral ceremonies. Agrippina, although faint from sorrow 
 and sickness, yet unable to endure delay, ascended the fleet with 
 
— 95 — 
 
 the ashes of Germanicus, with her children, attended by universal 
 commiseration that a woman, the highest in nobility, but yesterday 
 the wife of a most illustrious marriage, accustomed to be seen, 
 surrounded, thronged, admired and congratulated, should now be 
 bearing away the ashes of the dead in her bosom ; anxious for her- 
 self; her exposure to fortune multiplied and heightened by the sad 
 possession of so many children. 
 
 Undelaved by a winter's sea, Agrippina pursues her voyage, 
 and is borne to the island of Corcyra, opposite to the Calabrian 
 shore. There, violent by grief, and untaught and unknowing how 
 to endure, she passed a few days in a struggle to compose herself. 
 Meantime, the news of her approach having preceded her, the 
 more intimate of the friends of Germanicus and the greater number 
 of those who had borne militarv office under him, and crowds of 
 persons unknown, rushed to Brundusium, the nearest port and the 
 safest harbor to which she might come. And now that the fleet is 
 first dimly discerned far at sea, the harbor, and all the adjacent 
 shore nearest the water, and not these alone, but walls and roofs 
 of houses, even the remotest, from which a glimpse could be 
 gained, are thronged by a sorrowing multitude. They inquire 
 often, one of another, whether they should receive her, as she 
 descends from her ship, with silence, or with uttered expressions 
 of feeling. Xor had they determined which would most befit the 
 time, when the fleet slowl)- entered the port, not gliding to that 
 joyful stroke of the oar with which the sailor, his voyage ending, 
 comes to land, but with the manner in all things and with the 
 aspects of mourning. And when Agrippina, with her two children, 
 bearing the urn of the dead, had descended from the ship and 
 fixed her eyes sadly on the ground, one general equal sob burst 
 forth from all that vast multitude, nor could you distinguish by the 
 degree or the form of sorrow, strangers from near friends, nor man 
 from woman ; except that those in the train of Agrippina, e.xhausted 
 by long-indulgent grief, were less passionate and \ehement than 
 those more recent in their expression of it who thus came forth to 
 meet them. 
 
 The Emperor had sent two Pretorian cohorts to attend the 
 arrival and approach of Agrippina, and had also issued a decree 
 that the Apulians, the Campanians, and the magistrates of Calabria 
 
-96- 
 
 should perform the last offices to the memory of his son. The 
 ashes, therefore, were borne forward on the shoulders of tribunes 
 and centurions; before them moved along standards undecorated, 
 and fasces inverted ; and as the procession passed through succes- 
 sive colonies, the people clad in black, and the Equites in their 
 robes of state, as the means of the region might supply, burned 
 garments, odors and such things else as used to honor the burial of 
 the dead. Even they whose cities the procession did not pass 
 through came out to meet it, and offering sacrifices, and erecting 
 altars to the gods of the dead, attested their sorrow by tears and 
 united waihng. Drusus had advanced as far as Terracina with his 
 brother Claudius, and with those children of Germanicus who had 
 remained at Rome. The Consuls Marcus Valerius and Caius 
 Aurelius, the Senate and the great body of the people thronged 
 the way; without order of procession or arrangement, each man 
 by himself weeping unrestrained — the sorrow of the heart, not the 
 service of adulation. It does not appear that the mother of Ger- 
 manicus performed any conspicuous part in the service of the day, 
 while the names of many other kinsmen of the deceased are 
 recorded. Whether she was prevented by ill health, or, overdone 
 by grief could not endure to look upon that spectacle of so great 
 calamity, we may not know. 
 
 On the day on which the remains were borne to the tomb of 
 Augustus, there reigned at times a desolate silence, and at times 
 it was disturbed by sounds of sorrow. The streets were filled; 
 funeral torches gleamed in Campus Martins ; and there were sol- 
 diers in arms; there were magistrates without the badges of office; 
 the people by tribes; and from all lips there burst forth the fre- 
 quent cry so unrestrained and loud, that they might seem to have 
 forgotten that they had a master, "The Republic is fallen — there 
 is no more hope." Nothing, however, could suri)ass the enthu- 
 siastic sentiments which appeared kindled toward Agrippina. All 
 saluted her as the grace of the State; the one in whose veins alone 
 ran the blood of Augustus; the sole surviving specimen of the old, 
 noble Roman matronage; and lifting their eyes toward heaven, 
 they prayed that her children might be happy, and might be spared 
 the malice of their enemies. So general and overwhelming was 
 the public grief, that the Emperor sought to soothe the sorrows and 
 
— 97 - 
 
 renew the hopes of the people of Rome by putting forth an ndmon- 
 itory edict. " Many illustrious Romans," it bore, "had died for 
 the Republic ; but the funeral of no one had been solemnized by 
 so passionate a public sorrow. This was creditable to all, if it 
 were submitted to some degree of moderation, for that excess of 
 sorrow which might become an humble house or an inconsiderable 
 city, were unsuitable to princes and an imiierial people. For 
 recent affliction, sorrow, antl the solaces of grief indulged, were fit; 
 but now, at length, the mind ought to be brought back to firmness 
 again; as once Julius, bereaved of his only daughter ; as .Vugustus, 
 his grandsons torn from him, suppressed all signs of gloom. Nor 
 is there need of remembering earlier examples; how often, with 
 constancy, has the Roman people borne the slaughter of armies; 
 the death of generals. Noble families, from their foundations, 
 overtiirown and jierished. Creat men die. The Republic is 
 eternal," 
 
 .A few thousand years hence, when the English language shall 
 be dead, and human lijis no more utter its accents, scholars will 
 render the history of some Tacitus of the Nineteenth Century into 
 a possibly uni\er.sal language, evolved out of the tongue of an 
 island tribe in some yet untraversed ocean, which shall tell the 
 story of the return to the city of the .American Lucretia, weeping 
 over the ca.sket holding the remains of her husband, greater in 
 office and more exalted in the Stale than the husband of Agrippina, 
 and lamented by more nations and peoples than Germanicus knew. 
 How ilie Queen o( luigland and lunpress of India laid her chaplet 
 of (lowers ujum his bier, and spoke words of consolation to the 
 widow's heart as woman alime can speak to woman. How sov- 
 ereigns of I'Airope expressed by electric messengers their profound- 
 est sentiments of sympathy and sorrow. How prayers were offered 
 in the mosipies of the Sultan. How they wept at the doors of .Arab 
 tents upon the sultry sands of .Vrabia. as they wept for him who 
 died at .A/.an. How cities of the Nile contributed sympathetic 
 balm of lotus fiowers. How on the appointed day for universal 
 prayer the jieople reverently bowed in temple, synagogue and 
 church, from China and Jajian ; from the Orient to the Occident, 
 from the Arctic Circle to the Republics beyond the Eijuator. 
 
 .And above all, how Ministers of State, Judges of Courts, Sen- 
 
-98- 
 
 ators and Representatives in Congress, Generals of the Army and 
 Admirals of the Navy, Governors of States and Statesmen of the 
 RepubHc, guarded the honored dead to final rest in the beautiful 
 necropolis on the shores of an inland sea. How, when the faithful 
 wife, weary and heavily veiled, descended from the sable car of 
 the long funeral train and delivered her precious burden to official 
 and friendly hands in the Northern Metropolis, thousands of the 
 people stood in oppressive silence, and white-haired men and women 
 mingled their tears with the maiden and the child, and offered their 
 silent prayers for the grief-stricken widow and her children, and for 
 the mother of the distinguished dead — for the venerable mother of 
 our Germanicus was within the gates of the city. How the great 
 dead was mourned in our Campus Martius; how his great deeds 
 and noble virtues were recounted and the choicest expressions of 
 his public utterances were repeated ; and finally how, when all was 
 ended, the people strove for something of solace and consolation in 
 his own most appropriate and assuring words — " God reigns, and 
 the Government at Washington stiil lives. " 
 
COMMITTEES. 
 
 COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. 
 Designated by the Board of Trustees. 
 
 HON. AMOS TOWNSEND, GEN. JAMES BARNETT, HON. R. B. HAYES, 
 HON. W. S. STREATOR, J. B. PARSONS. 
 
 RECEPTION COMMITTEE. 
 
 HON. J. H. WADE, DAN P. EELLS, 
 
 COL. WM. EDWARDS, HON. R. C. PARSONS, 
 
 GEN. M. D. LEGGETT, HON. GEO. H. ELY, 
 
 SAMUEL ANDREWS, 
 CHARLES F. BRUSH, 
 WM. CHISHOLM, 
 JOHN TOD, 
 GEO. W. HOWE, 
 COL. JOHN HAY, 
 
 HON. S. BUHRER, 
 HON. CHAS. A. OTIS, 
 H. R. HATCH, 
 HON. N. B. SHERWIN, 
 SAMUEL L. MATHER, 
 HON. T. E. BURTON, 
 SELAH CHAMBERLAIN, A. WIENER, 
 HON. LEE McBRIDE, HON. O. J. HODGE, 
 
 G. E. HERRICK, HON. W.W. ARMSTRONG, 
 
 JUDGE J. M. JONES, HON. J. H. FARLEY, 
 
 R. R. RHODES, J. B. ZERBE, 
 
 LOUIS H. SEVERANCE, HON. M. A. FORAN, 
 HON. WM. BINGHAM, E. R. PERKINS, 
 JOHN F. WHITELAW, BOLIVAR BUTTS, 
 FAYETTE BROWN, GEO. T. CHAPMAN, 
 
 CAPT. P. G. WATMOUGH. 
 
 HON. M. A. HANNA, 
 H. D. COFFINBERRY, 
 HON. JOSEPH TURNEY, 
 HON. H. B. PAYNE, 
 R. K. HAWLEY, 
 W. J. McKINNIE, 
 L. E. HOLDEN, 
 JUDGE S. BURKE, 
 HON. R. R. HERRICK, 
 CHAS. WESLEY, 
 H. C. RANNEY, 
 S. T. EVERETT, 
 HON. G. W. GARDNER, 
 SAMUEL W. SESSIONS, 
 HON. C. B. LOCKWOOD, 
 HON. D. A. DANGLER, 
 CHARLES HICKOX, 
 GEO. W. PACK, 
 
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. 
 J. H. McBride, Chairman. 
 
 Sub-divided as follows : 
 Banks anb Capitalists. 
 
 D. p. EELLS, SAMUEL MATHER, M. A. HANNA. 
 
 £jotels. 
 
 CHAS. H. BULKLEY, CHAS. WESLEY. 
 
 Hestaurants anb Breroeries. 
 
 N. p. M KEAN, L. SCHLATHER, JAMES GIBBONS. 
 
 Superior Street to Square. 
 
 H. R. HATCH, H. S. WHITTLESEY. 
 
 Manufacturers anb Business interests in (5eneral, 
 JIats onb IDcst Sibe. 
 
 JOhN F. PANKHURST, I. P. LAMSON, JACOB B. PERKINS, 
 
 HENRY D. COFFINBERRY. 
 
 JX>ater, Bank anb St. <£Iair Streets to <£ric. 
 
 S. C. FORD, J. H. McERlDE, STILES H. CURTISS. 
 
 public Square, Superior, (Euclib, prospect Street to £rie, inclubing 
 Street Sailroabs. 
 
 MYRON T. HERRICK, JAMES PARMELEE, PERCY W. RICE, 
 
 N. O. STONE, GEO. P. WELCH. 
 
 Stjippers, <£oal anb ®re Dealers. 
 
 JOHN TOO, J. B. ZERBE, H. H. BROWN, 
 
 C. J. SHEFFIELD. 
 
 manufacturers anb Business in (Seneral, (East of (Erie anb 
 Tlottl} of Cuclib. 
 
 J. K. BOLE, CLARENCE E. BURKE, DOUGLASS PERKINS. 
 
£umber manufacturers ani> Builbers. 
 
 CHAS. I.. PACK, T. S. KNIGHT. 
 
 netrfaurgl] anb oil (2ast anb SoutJ) of perry. 
 
 JOSEPH TURNEY, O. M. STAFFORD, C. A. GRASELLI. 
 
 0ntario, IDooblanb, BroabrDay anb 3ntermebiate Cerritory to perry. 
 
 H. M. 3R0WN, KAUFMAN HAYS, WM. E. CUBBIN. 
 
 Hai.Iroabs. 
 
 J. H. WADE, JR., SAMUEL MATHER, JOHN TOD. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON MILITARY. 
 
 GEN. M. D. LEGGETT, JUDGE A. J. RICKS, COL. JOHN W. GIBBONS, 
 
 CAPT.G. A. GARRETSON, CAPT. F. A. KENDALL, CAPT. W. J. MORGAN, 
 
 MAJOR L. C. OVERMAN, COL. W. H. HAYWARD, CAPT. L. C. HANNA, 
 
 LIEUT. HENRY FRAZEE, MAJOR W. R. RYAN, LIEUT. H. S. STEBBINS, 
 COL. L. SMITHNIGHT. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 
 
 HON. G. W. GARDNER, WM. J. GLEASON, JACOB W. SCHMITT, 
 
 F. O. SPENCER, DR. G. C. ASHMUN, J. C. SIEGRIST, 
 COL. A. T. BRINSMADE, H. H. BURGESS, C. G. FORCE. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON GRAND ARMY AND OTHER VETERAN SOLDIERS. 
 
 C. C. DEWSTOE, COL. JAMES PICKANDS, O. P. LATIMER, 
 
 W. T. CLARK, COL. M. L. DEMPCY, J. C. WALTON, 
 
 G. C. BARNES, JAMES HAYR, J. L. SMITH, 
 T. W. BRAINARD, W. J. PETERS, C. N. THORPE, 
 C. GRISWOLD. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON CIVIC SOCIETIES. 
 
 MAJOR WM. J. GLEASON, C. L. ALDERSON, ERNST KLEIN, 
 
 COL. A. T. BRINSMADE, CAPT. E. H. BOHM, JOHN DUNN, 
 
 COL. LOUIS BLACK, W. A. MANNING, JOHN F. COSTELLO, 
 JAMES CORRIGAN. 
 
I02 
 
 COMMITTEE ON MASONIC BODIES. 
 
 H. P. MCINTOSH, W. T. ROBBINS, A. B. FOSTER, 
 
 "W. J. AKERS, F. F,. WRIGHT, J. A. MATTHEWS, 
 
 HON. F. W. PELTON, H. W. HUBBARD, J. B. PARSONS. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 COL. A. .1. SMITH, F. DE HASS ROBISON, COL. A. M. TUCKER, 
 
 TOM L. JOHNSON, HENRY A. EVERETT, E. P. WRIGHT, 
 
 ROBERT BLEE, A. B. HOUGH, JOHN THOMAS, 
 LEWIS WILLIAMS. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON PRINTING AND PRESS. 
 
 JUDGE H. C. WHITE, HON. JOHN C. COVERT, W. M. BAYNE, 
 
 CAPT. J. B.MOLYNEAUX, R. R. HOLDEN, GEO. A. ROBERTSON. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON MUSIC. 
 
 S. A. FULLER, AMOS DENISON, N. COE STEWART, 
 
 JOHN R. RANNEY, J. V. N. YATES. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON CARRIAGES. 
 
 J. II. PERKINS, HENRV BLOSSOM, GEO. W. SHORT, 
 
 FERD W. LEEK, CHAS. A. BRAYTON. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON DECORATION. 
 
 COL. A. MCALLISTER, WM. H. ECKMAN, JOHN M. STERLING, 
 
 H. M. CLAFLEN, M. G. WATTERSON, LEVI T. SCOFIELD, 
 
 CAPT. J. C. SHIELDS. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 TO THE 
 
 GARFIELD MEMORIAL FUND. 
 
 (TO APRIL ist. i88g.) 
 
 Alabama $ 37 oo 
 
 Arkansas 123 20 
 
 California 320 30 
 
 Colorado 758 74 
 
 Connecticut 1,096 25 
 
 Delaware §5 0° 
 
 Florida 20 00 
 
 Georgia 139 00 
 
 Illinois 5,396 S3 
 
 Indiana 1.396 91 
 
 Iowa 2,825 35 
 
 Kansas 1,479 61 
 
 Kentucky 190 79 
 
 Louisiana 49 4° 
 
 Maine 1,610 00 
 
 Maryland i ' i 95 
 
 Massachusetts 480 88 
 
 Michigan 624 72 
 
 Minnesota 273 25 
 
 Mississippi 126 00 
 
 Missouri i,45' °o 
 
 Nebraska 369 91 
 
 Nevada 22 00 
 
 New Hampshire 342 °° 
 
 New Jersey 853 67 
 
 New York 14, i°9 24 
 
 North Carolina 4 00 
 
T04 — 
 
 Ohio as follows : 
 
 Contributions of Citizens of Cleveland in sums from 
 
 $ioo to $i,ooo $62,350 00 
 
 Smaller Contributions by Citizens of Cleveland . . . 13,04482 
 
 From Ohio, outside of Cleveland 10,370 3° 
 
 Knights Templar of Ohio 4.328 9^ 
 
 Oregon 959 37 
 
 Pennsylvania 1,780 79 
 
 Rhode Island 62 34 
 
 South Carolina 33 0° 
 
 Tennessee '29 93 
 
 Texas 579 20 
 
 Vermont 66 00 
 
 Virginia 40 00 
 
 West Virginia 422 67 
 
 Wisconsin 1,91577 
 
 TERRITORIES. 
 
 Arizona $ 39 85 
 
 Dakota 28 00 
 
 Idaho 12 00 
 
 Indian i8 00 
 
 Montana 1,922 00 
 
 New Mexico 2 1 3 00 
 
 Utah 223 00 
 
 Washington 428 00 
 
 Wyoming. . ' 273 45 
 
 District of Columbia 9 °5 
 
 FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 
 England $ 5 00 
 
 France 1,149 '6 
 
 Australia 1 2 00 
 
 Canada 3 00 
 
 Belgium 40 00 
 
 Total Contributions, $134,755 76 
 
 The contributions were loaned out subject to call at four per 
 cent, to Ranks in Cleveland, and the amount thereby increased 
 from all sources to about $150,000.