'^=-^ -"--"'^j^ i'lm (^mmll Uttlrmitg pibatg THE GIFT OF ,.\ijY\jjV«Ahi*JA^.,i^ i kzS.C>.Z.(s^. \'^. j\X.j..t.i ^ Cornell University Library Z 6952 .I3S42 Newi irs and periodicals of Illinois, 3 1924 024 790 333 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024790333 COLLECTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY VOLUME VI ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY BOARD OF TRUSTEES EvARTS BouTELL Greene, President McKendree Hypes Chamberlin,* ] Vice-President Otto Leopold Schmidt, Secretary. Jessie Palmer Weber, Librarian ADVISORY COMMISSION Evarts Boutell Greene James Alton James Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin William Augustus Meese Edward Carleton Page Charles Henry Rammelkamp Clarence Walworth Alvord Special Editor of Publications 'Resigned, July, 1910. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SERIES VOLUME I NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS OF ILLINOIS 1814-1879 FIRST -^EWSPAPER PyBLiSHf:D IN ILLINOIS In tHe collections of the Illinois State Historical Library NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS OF ILLINOIS 1814-1879 BY FRANKLIN WILLIAM SCOTT, A. M. (University of Illinois 1903) THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, 1911 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 2A- Copyright, 1910 BY The Illinois State Historical Library SCtie Haittsilit $ress R. R. DONNELLEY ft SONS COMPANY CHICAGO PREFACE As first planned, this work was to include by way of in- troduction a fairly comprehensive history of the periodicals and newspapers of the state. The bibliography grew be- yond the expected size, and the historical material proved even more abundant; consequently the introduction has been made only a sketch, and is to be regarded as but preliminary to a more thorough treatment of the subject. It is to be hoped, however, that even in this brief form it may indicate some of the many ways in which the ephemeral stuflf of newspapers and periodicals is an organic part of the literature and history of the commonwealth. That but a slight amount of this material is preserved at all, and that little of what is extant is accessible, are two deplor- able facts to be derived from the following pages. The library lists may prove a convenience to those who have occasion to consult files of early newspapers. If they serve no other purpose, however, they may caU attention, to the slight amount of such material now in the safe keeping of fireproof library buildings, and may indirectly help to rescue from attics and storerooms the dwindUng legacy that is food for mice and flames. The sources of the bibliography include practically all of the printed county histories and "biographical albums" and some in manuscript; the proceedings of state, county, vi ILLINOIS raSTORICAL COLLECTIONS and city historical societies, histories of Illinois and of towns; gazetteers, early books of travels, memoirs, city directories, newspaper directories from 1856, fourteen hundred indi- viduals, either through correspondence or through inter- views, and the files of many of the pubHcations. In many instances it has been well nigh, and in some quite, impossible to reconcile conflicts of statement, especially when no files of the pubhcation concerned could be found. For instance, the desire of pubUshers to acquire long life for their papers has in some cases caused the papers to accrete age simul- taneously at both ends of their careers. In the newspaper directories for 1871 to 1876, 1868 is given as the year in which a certain paper was established. By 1880 this date had receded to 1864, and, gaining momentum, by 1881 had gone to 1 861. Sometimes these dates are changed arbi- trarily; more often, though, antiquity is acquired by fasten- ing paternity upon some preceding publication. This phenomenon has been a source of confusion, and probably of error. Possibly many papers are linked in series that have had no other than a chronological relation. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the large number of persons whom I cannot mention individually: editors, former editors, librarians, members of the State Historical Society, and others, who to the number of nearly fourteen hundred have contributed to the making of this compilation. Special acknowledgement is due President Edmund Janes James, of the University of Illinois; Mrs. Jessie Palmer Weber, Librarian of the State Historical PREFACE vii Library; Miss Caroline Mcllvain, Librarian of the Chicago Historical Society; Mr. John Vance Cheney, formerly Librarian of the Newberry Library; Mr. Ensley Moore, of Jacksonville; Mr. Paul Selby, of Chicago; Mr. John W. Merritt, of Springfield; Dr. J. F. Snyder, of Virginia, for the use of his unpublished history of the newspapers of Cass County -and for many helpful suggestions; Mr. Herbert E. Fleming, of Chicago, for the use of much unpublished material, as well as his published study of the periodicals of Chicago; and Professor Alvord for much editorial kind- ness. F. W. S. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . fflSTORICAL INTRODUCTION KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abingdon, Enox County Albany, Whiteside County. Albion, Edwards County Aledo, Mercer County Alexis, Warren County Algonquin, McHenry County Altamont, Effingham County Alton, Madison County Altona, Knox County Amboy, Lee County Anna, Union County . Apple River, Jo Daviess County Arcola, Douglas County Arlington Heights, Cook County AsHKUM, Iroquois County . Ashland, Cass County Ashley, .Washington County AsHTON, Lee County Assumption, Christian County Astoria, Fulton County Atlanta, Logan County Auburn, Sangamon County Augusta, Hancock County - Aurora, Kane County AvA, Jackson County . Avon, Fulton County . . Barrington Station, Cook County Barry, Pike County . Batavia, Kane County Beardstown, Cass County Beecher, Will County Belleville, St. Clair County Bellflower, McLean County page xxi XXV cvi [ 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 9 9 lo II II II II II 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 17 17 17 17 i8 i8 20 20 25 CONTENTS Belvidere, Boone County . Bement, Piatt County Benson, Woodpord County Benton, Franklin County . Biggsville, Henderson County . Blandinsville, McDonough County Bloomington, McLean County . Blue Island, Cook County. 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 32 Bluffs, Scott County -32 Bradford, Stark Coxjnty 32 Braidwood, Will County . . 32 Brighton, Macoupin County • ■ 33 Brimfeeld, Peoria County . • -33 Bristol, Kendall County . • 33 Buckingham, Kankakee County . 33 Buckley, Iroquois County . . -34 BuDA, Bureau County -34 Bunker Hill, Macoupin County. . • • 34 BusHNELL, McDonough County . ■ • ■ • 34 Byron, Ogle County . 35 Cairo, Alexander County . 35 Caledonia, Pulaski County . • • 38 Cambridge, Henry County . . . • 38 Camp Point, Adams County 38 Canton, Fulton County 39 Capron, Boone County 4° Carbondale, Jackson County 4° Carlinville, Macoupin County 41 Carlyle, Clinton County . . . 42 Carmi, White County . . -44 Carrollton, Greene County 44 Carthage, Hancock County 45 Casey, Clark County . 46 Central City, Marion County 46 Centralia, Marion County. 46 Champaign, Champaign County 47 Chandlerville, Cass County -49 Charleston, Coles County .... -49 Chatsworth, Livingston County . . -5° Chebanse, Iroquois and Kankakee Counties .... 50 Chenoa, McLean County ... -5° Cherry Valley, Winnebago County 51 Chester, Randolph County . . -51 Chicago, Cook County . . . -52 Chillicothe, Peoria County 150 CONTENTS xi Chkisuan, Edgar County 150 Clay City, Clay County 150 Clayton, Adams County 150 Clement, Clinton County iji Clifton, Iroquois County 151 Clinton, De Witt Count'- 151 CoBDEN, Union County 153 Colchester, McDonough County 153 COLLINSVILLE, MADISON COUNTY 153 Commerce, Hancock County 153 CoMPTON, Lee County . 153 CORNELLVILLE, LIVINGSTON CoUNTY 153 COULTERVILLE, RANDOLPH COUNTY 153 CowDEN, Shelby County 154 Creston, Ogle County 154 Crete, Will County . 154 Dakota, Stephenson County 154 Dallas City, Hancock County 154 Dana, La Salle County iS4 Danvers, McLean County 155 Danville, Vermillion County 15S Davis, Stephenson County 156 Davis Junction, Ogle County 156 Decatur, Macon County iS^ De Kalb, De Kalb County 160 Delavan, Tazewell County • 160 De Soto, Jackson County 161 DesPlaines, Cook County 161 DrxoN, Lee County . 161 DoLTON, Cook County. 162 Dundee, Kane County . 163 Dunleith, Jo Daviess County 163 Du Quoin, Perry County . 163 Durand, Winnebago County 1^4 Dwight, Livingston County 164 Earlville, La Salle County 164 East St. Louis, St. Clair County i6S Edwardsville, Madison County 166 Efeingham, Efpingham County '^9 Eldorado, Saline County . ^7° Elgin, Kane County '7° Elizabethtown, Hardin County .172 Elmwood, Peoria County . . . 172 El Paso, Woodford County -173 Enfield, White County ^73 xu CONTENTS Englewood, Cook County . Erie, Whiteside County Eureka, Woodford County EvANSTON, Cook County EwiNG, Franklin County . Ewington, Effingham County Exeter, Scott County Faiebury, Livingston County Fairfield, Wayne County Farina, Fayette County Farmer City, De Witt County Farmington, Fulton County Flora, Clay County . FoRRESTON, Ogle County Franklin Grove, Lee County Freeport, Stephenson County Fulton, Whiteside County Galena, Jo Daviess County Galesburg, Knox County Galva, Henry Qpunty Gardner, Grundy County Geneseo, Henry County Geneva, Kane County Genoa, De Kalb County Gibson City, Ford County Gillespie, Macoupin County Gilman, Iroquois County . GiRARD, Macoupin County . Golconda, Pope County Grafton, Jersey County . Grand Detour, Ogle County Grand Tower, Jackson County Grant Park, Kankakee County Granville, Putnam County Grayville, White County . Greenfield, Greene County Greenup, Cumberland County Greenville, Bond County Gridley, McLean County . Griggsville, Pike County Hamilton, Hancock County Hampshire, Kane County Hardin, Calhoun County . Harrisburg, Saline County Harvard, McHenry County 173 173 173 174 174 17s 175 17s 17s 177 177 179 179 179 180 180 181 182 184 186 187 188 188 189 189 189 189 190 191 191 191 191 102 192 192 192 193 193 194 194 19s 195 I9S 195 196 CONTENTS xiu Havana, Mason County Hennepin, Pxttnam County . Henry, Marshall County . Highland, Madison County HiLLSBORO, Montgomery County Hinckley, De Kalb County Homer, Champaign County Hoopeston, Vermillion County HxjEY, Clinton County HUTSONVILLE, CeAWTORD CoUNTY Hyde Park, Cook County . Ilunoistown, St. Clair County Iluopolis, Sangamon County Ipava, Fulton County Jacksonville, Morgan County Jeffersonville, Wayne County Jerseyville, Jersey County Joltet, Will County . Jonesboro, Union County . JtTBiLEE College, Robin's Nest, Peoria County Kane, Greene County Kankakee, Kankakee County Kansas, Edgar County Kaskaskia, Randolph County Keithsburg, Mercer County Kenney, De Witt County . KEWANEE, HJENRY COUNTY KiNMUNDY, Marion County KiRKwooD, Warren County Knoxville, Knox County . Kyte River, Ogle County . Lacon, Marshall County . La Harpe, Hancock County Lake Zurich, Lake County Lamoille, Bureau County . Lanark, Carroll County . Lane (now Rochelle), Ogle County La Rose, Marshall County La Salle, La Salle County Lawnridge, Marshall County Lawrencevtlle, Lawrence County Lebanon, St. Clair County Lee, Lee County Lemont, Cook County Lena, Stephenson County 196 197 198 199 199 ZOI 201 201 201 201 202 202 202 202 202 206 206 207 208 209 209 210 211 211 213 ZI4 214 215 216 216 216 217 217 218 2X8 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 221 XIV CONTENTS Le Roy, McLean County Lewistown, Fulton County Lexington, McLean County Lincoln, Logan County Litchfield, Montgomery County Little Fokt, Lake County Little Rock, Kendall County . Lockport, Will County LoDA, Iroquois County Long Point, Livingston County Lostant, La Salle County . Louisville, Clay County . LoviNGTON, Moultrie County Lowell, La Salle County . Low Point, Woodford County . Lyndon, Whiteside County McHenry, McHenry County McLeansboro, Hamilton County Macomb, McDonough County Macon, Macon County . . Magnolia, Henry County . Mahomet, Champaign County Majority Point, Cumberland County Malta, De Kalb County Manchester, Scott County Mansfield, Piatt County . Maquon, Knox County Marengo, McHenry County Marion, Williamson County Maroa, Macon County Marseilles, La Salle County Marshall, Clark County . Martinsville, Clark County Marysville, Vermillion County Mascoutah, St. Clair County . Mason, Effingham County Mason City, Mason County Mattoon, Coles County Medora, Macoupin County. Mendon, Adams County Mendota, La Salle County Meredosia, Morgan County Metamora, Woodford County Metropolis City, Massac County Middleport, Iroquois County 222 222 223 223 226 227 227 227 228 228 228 228 229 229 229 229 229 229 231 232 232 232 232 232 232 232 233 233 233 234 23s 23s 237 237 237 238 238 238 239 240 240 241 241 241 242 CONTENTS XV MiLFORD, Iroquois Countv . MiLLiNGTON, Kendall CotrNTY Milton, Pike County . MmrER, Tazewell County . MiNONK, Woodford County MoKENA, Will County MoLiNE, Rock Island County MoMENCE, Kankakee County MoNEE, Will County . Monmouth, Warren County Monroe, Ogle County MoNTicELLO, Piatt County . Morris, Grundy County Morrison, Whiteside County morrisonville, christian county Mound City, Pulaski County Mt. Carmel, Wabash County Mt. Carroll, Carroll County Mt. Forest, Cook County . Mt. Morris, Ogle County . Mt. Pulaski, Logan County Mt. Sterling, Brown County Mt. Vernon, Jefferson County MowEAQUA, Shelby County Murphysboro, Jackson County Naperville, Du Page County Naples, Scott County. Nashville, Washington County Nauvoo, Hancock County . Neoga, Cumberland County Neponset, Bureau County . Newark, Kendall County . New Athens, St. Clair County New Berlin, Sangamon County New Boston, Mercer County New Burnside, Johnson County Newman, Douglas County New Rutland, La Salle County Newton, Jasper County New Windsor, Mercer County Niantic, Macon County NiLWOOD, Macoupin County NoKOMis, Montgomery County Normal, McLean County . NoRRis City, Johnson County 243 243 243 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 246 247 248 248 249 250 251 252 252 253 2S3 254 256 256 2S7 258 258 260 261 261 262 262 262 262 262 262 262 263 263 263 263 263 264 264 xvi CONTENTS NoYESViLLE, Cook Codnty 264 NuNDA Xnovf North Crystal Lake), McHenry County . . 265 Oakland, Coles County 265 Odell, Livingston County 265 Odin, Marion County 265 O'Fallon, St. Clair County 265 Olney, Richland County 265 Onarga, Iroquois County 267 Oneida, Knox County 267 Oquawka, Henderson County 267 Oregon, Ogle County 268 Orion, Henry County 269 Oswego, Kendall County 270 Ottawa, La Salle County 270 Palatine, Cook County 271 Palestine, Randolph County 272 Pana, Christian County 272 Paris, Edgar County 273 Park Ridge, Cook County 274 Paw Paw, Lee County 275 Paxton, Ford County 275 Payson, Adams County 276 Pecatonica, Winnebago County 276 Pekin, Tazewell County ........ 276 Peoria, Peoria County . 278 Peotone, Will County 282 Perry, Pike County 282 Peru, La Salle County 282 Petersburg, Menard County ....... 283 Philo, Champaign County . . ... . 283 PlNCKNEYVn-LE, PERRY CoUNTY 283 Piper City, Ford County 284 PiTTSPiELD, Pike County 284 Plainpield, Will County ....... 285 Plano, Kendall County 285 Plymouth, Hancock County .... . . 286 Polo, Ogle County 286 PoNTiAc, Livingston County 287 Port Byron, Rock Island County 288 Prairie City, McDonough County 288 Princeton, Bureau County 289 Princeville, Peoria County .... . . 290 Prophetstown, Whiteside County ...... 290 QuiNCY, Adams County ........ 290 Ransom, La Salle County 294 CONTENTS Rantoul, Champaign County Raritan, Henderson County Raymond, Montgomery County Red Bud, Randolph County Richmond, Clark County . Richmond, McHenry County RiCHViEw, Washington County Riverside, Cook County Rtverton, Sangamon County Roanoke, Woodford County Roberts, Ford County Robinson, Crawford County RocHELLE, Ogle County Rock Falls, Whiteside County Rockford, Winnebago County Rock Island, Rock Island County Rock Run .... Rock Spring, St. Clair County RocKTON, Winnebago .County Rockwell, La Salle County RooDHOusE, Greene County RosEViLLE, Warren County Rossville, Vermillion County Rushvule, Schuyler County Rutland, La Salle County St. Anne, Kankakee County St. Charles, Kane County St. Elmo, Fayette County . Salem, Marion County Sandoval, Marion County . Sandwich, De Kalb County Savanna, Carroll County . Saybrook, McLean County SCOTTSVILLE, MACOUPIN COUNTY Secor, Woodford County . Seneca, La Salle County . Shabbona, De Kalb County Shannon, Carroll County . Shawneetown, Gallatin County. Shelbyville, Shelby County Sheldon, Iroquois County . Sheridan, La Salle County Shipman, Macoupin County SoMONAUK, De Kalb County South Chicago, Cook County 294 29s 29s 29s 296 296 296 296 296 297 297 297 297 298 298 302 30s 30s 30s 3°S 3°S 306 306 306 308 308 308 309 3°9 3" 3" 312 312 313 313 313 313 313 314 316 318 318 319 319 319 XVIU CONTENTS Spaeland, Marshall County Sparta, Randolph County . Springfield, Sangamon County Stanford, McLean County Staunton, Macoupin County Steeleville, Randolph County Steeling, Whiteside County Stewartson, Shelby County Stone Fort, Saline County Streator, La Salle County Sullivan, Moultrie County Sumner, Lawrence County Sycamore, De Kalb County Tallula, Menard County . Tamaroa, Perry County Tampico, Whiteside County Taylorville, Christian County Thompson, Carroll County Tiskilwa, Bureau County . Toledo, Cumberland County ToLONO, Champaign County ToNicA, La Salle County . Toulon, Stark County Tremont, Tazewell County Trenton, Clinton County . Troy, Madison County Turner Junction, Du Page County Tuscola, Douglas County . Upper Alton, Madison County Urbana, Champaign County Utica, La Salle County Vandalia, Fayette County . Varna, Marshall County . Vermont, Fulton County . Versailles, Brown County Vienna, Johnson County . ViRDEN, Macoupin County . VrRGEsriA, Cass County WALtfUT, Bureau County . Warren, Jo Daviess County Warsaw, Hancock County . Washburn, Woodford County Washington, Tazewell County Waterloo, Monroe County Waterman, De Kalb County 319 319 321 327 327 327 227 329 339 329 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 335 335 335 335 335 336 337 337 337 337 338 338 339 340 344 344 34-1 344 34S 345 348 348 348 349 349 350 351 CONTENTS Watseka, Iroquois County Waitkegan, Lake County . Waverly, Morgan County . Wayne, Du Page County Wenona, Marshall County West Chicago, Cook County Westfield, Clark County Weston, McLean County . Wheaton, Du Page County White Hall, Greene County Wilmington, Will County . Winchester, Scott County Windsor, Shelby County . Woodford, Woodford County Woodhull, Henry County . Woodstock, McHenry County Wyoming, Stark County Yates City, Knox County YoRKviLLE, Kendall County Young America, Warben County LIST OF ILLINOIS NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS IN ILLINOIS LIBRARIES Chicago Historical Society John Cserar Library Newberry Library . Chicago Public Library State Historical Library University of Illinois Library . IN LIBRARIES OUTSIDE OF ILLINOIS Library of Congress Wisconsin Historical Society Mercantile Library Boston Public Library . American Antiquarian Society Lenox Library New York State Library CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 1814-1850 INDEXES Index to Newspapers Index to Names Index to Counties LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FmsT Newspaper Published in Illinois . Frontispiece First Number of Alton "Observer" facing page 5 First Newspaper Published in Chicago facing page 52 " Illinois Advocate " facing page 341 HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION PRELIMINARY This introduction is the result of an effort to sketch a historical background for the disconnected bibliographical material which forms the body of this work. It is not in- tended as a history of the newspapers and periodicals of Illinois; but, as one of our county historians has said, the newspaper business with us has been a "halcyon and vocif- erous proceeding," and some outline such as this may be needed to find the halcyon if not the vociferous in the Ufe history of our newspapers and periodicals. Especially is it purposed to deal with the beginnings in Illinois journalism, and to a less extent to suggest the relation of the newspaper to the manifold successive elements that have entered in the making of the state — population, transportation, communi- cation, politics, education, and other materials and methods of economic and social development; and to record some important tendencies and certain isolated facts not now conveniently accessible elsewhere. The conditions under which the first Illinois newspaper was established, in 1814, included many disadvantages, which made any other than a meager and tenuous subsistence for it impossible. The population was small and widely distributed; the means of communication were merely rudi- mentary and frequently inoperative; and both money and labor were exceedingly scarce. That a newspaper was started as early as 18 14 was due not so much to business as to political reasons: there was United States and territorial xxvi ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS printing to be done; and the politicians of the territory, including a large proportion of the male population, were yearning toward statehood. The population of the territory of Illinois had increased slowly until 1813, but with the cessation of Indian raids after the close of the war of 18 12, and the passage of the pre- emption act of 1813, a new epoch in immigl-ation began.' A land office was opened in Kaskaskia in 18 14, and the influx of permanent settlers was much increased. The total popu- lation at that time may have been well toward twenty thou- sand, but it was thinly distributed. The village and vicinity of Kaskaskia, which in 181 5 contained between seven hun- dred and one thousand persons, was least sparsely settled.^ Gallatin, with Shawneetown as its chief village, was the most populous county on the east side of the territory. As late as 1818 it contained but thirty-two hundred persons.' Shawneetown, where the second paper in the state was established, numbered between thirty and forty families.^ A fact that doubtless tended to hinder the beginning of newspapers in Illinois was the presence, on two sides of the populated area, of larger centers of population than any in Illinois: Vincennes on the east, and St. Louis on the west. In the first a newspaper had been established a fuU decade before the Illinois Herald was issued — • so well established that it is still published ; in the second the Missouri Gazette began, in 1808, a career which it has continued, under various names, to the present. Other papers helped to supply the needs of the Illinois settlers. In 1 816 the citizens of Shaw- ' Pooley, Settlement of Illinois, l8jO-l8jo, p. 318. ' Edwards, History of Illinois, 254. ' Dana, Sketches of the Western Country, 153. * But John Woods, in Two Years' Residence in the . . . Illinois Country, says that in 1819 Shawneetown was "a brisk place" and included about eighty houses. INTRODUCTION xxvii neetown gave notice through the papers of Kaskaskia, Frankfort (Kentucky), and Nashville (Tennessee), that they would apply to the legislature of Illinois for the establishment of a bank at that place.' These papers, supported by the population of towns larger than any in the new territory, doubtless delayed both the beginning and the spread of newspapers in Illinois. Means of communication were meager, primitive, and did not function with either despatch or regularity. The earliest settlements were naturally on the waterways — the Wabash, Ohio, Mississippi, and Kaskaskia rivers. No roads or mail routes were opened until 1805. The first mail route was established in that year from Vincennes to Caho- kia;' the second from Vincennes to Shawneetown in 1806. In 1 8 10 routes were established to St. Louis by way of Kas- kaskia, Prairie du Rocher, and Cahokia; from Kaskaskia to Cape Girardeau, by way of St. Genevieve; from Louis- ville to Shawneetown; and in 18 14 to Johnson Court House (now Vienna). Over these routes mail was carried regularly once or twice a week, except in bad weather, or when the roads were impassable.'' But it will appear later that even when the maU was regularly carried, the whole postal system was so bad that regularity and promptness in the arrival of expected mail were never assured. The transportation of freight suffered even more serious vicissitudes than the distribution of the mail, and the pros- pective publisher of the first newspaper may well have felt himself at some disadvantage in being as remote from the source of his supply of paper and equipment as was Kaskas- ' Bumham, An Early Illinois Newspaper, Pubs. Til. State Hist. Soc, No. 8, p. 182. • Boggess, Settlement of Illinois, 1773-1830, p. 131. '' Ibid. xxviii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS kia from Cincinnati or Frankfort. All goods had to be carried down the Ohio on flatboats, and then poled up the Mississippi, or hauled overland by wagon. The rivers were frequently too high or too low for ease of navigation, and the roads frequently offered insuperable difficulties. Such were some of the conditions in Illinois in 1814, when the first newspaper was established. Other circumstances and the changes that came with the growth of population will appear in the account of the papers of the first decade and later. THE FIRST DECADE The first period in the history of newspapers in Illinois, which begins with the founding of the Illinois Herald in 18 14, closes naturally and conveniently with the momentous con- vention election held in August, 1824. In the first period of ten years five separate papers were established, and aU continued until the election. 1. Illinois Herald, established at Kaskaskia in 18 14; re- named Western Intelligencer in 18 16; renamed Illinois Intelligencer in 18 18; followed the state capital to Vandalia in 1820. 2. Illinois Emigrant, established in Shawneetown in 1818; renamed Illinois Gazette in 1819. 3. EdwardsviUe Spectator, established at Edwardsville in 1819. 4. Star of the West, established at Edwardsville in 1822; renamed Illinois Republican in 1823; discontinued at the time of the election in 1824, 5. Republican Advocate, established at Kaskaskia early in 1823; renamed Kaskaskia i?e^fe/icow in 1824; con- tinued until 1825; revived early in 1826 as Illinois Reporter, and continued for about a year. INTRODUCTION xxix It appears from this list that Illinois had but one terri- torial newspaper, which bore at successive times three various names. With the coming of statehood in 1818, a rival party, and therefore a rival newspaper, was inevitable. As early as the twenty-ninth number of this second paper, dated January 9, 1819, the Emigrant indicated that two newspapers, although they were as far apart as the limits fixed by nature and population would permit, could not exist pacifically in Illinois. The coming of the Illinois Emigrant indicated no shifting of the population; more significant was the advent of the Edwardsville Spectator in 18 19. By this year the popula- tion of Madison County had increased to a number between four thousand and fifty-five hundred; Edwardsville, the county town, contained sixty or seventy houses, a courthouse, a jail, a bank, and a land-oflSce. Alton, but a few miles away, had one hundred houses.* The new capital on the upper Kaskaskia was already projected by land speculators. In the next year the seat of government was moved, and with it the Illinois Intelligencer, to Vandalia. The other papers of the period were significant only as parties to the conven- tion struggle. Throughout this period from 1814 to 1824 the country was developed rapidly to the northward. The population had grown by 1820 to 55,211.' In 1814 there were nine post-offices in the territory, and three hundred and eighty- eight miles of post-roads." From that time both post-offices ' Pooley, Settlement of Illinois, 1830-1850, pp. 319-320- » U. S. Census Report, 1820. " Boggess, Settlement of Illinois, 1775-1830, p. 131, State Papers, 13th Cong;, 3d Session. XXX ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS and post-roads increased greatly." By 1819 a road was opened from Shawneetown, by way of Carmi to Albion, in Edwards County. In February, 1821, the legislature author- ized the building of a turnpike road from the Mississippi opposite St. Louis, across the American Bottom to the bluffs. EdwardsvUle, Springfield, and Peoria were connected by a mail route in 1822 ; in the same year a road and a mail route were established between Vandalia and Springfield, over which the State Capital was soon to continue its migration to the northward." In the same year also, a direct path was established from Iroquois Post (now Iroquois) to Dan- ville. In 1824 this path was extended northward to Chicago, and southwest from DanvUle for one hundred and fifty miles," but no mail was carried over any part of this route until eight years later. Springfield was the northern terminus of the mail route early in 1823, and the next year Sangamon County was still almost entirely without ferries, bridges, or roads. Over most of these routes maU was carried once a week. River transportation had developed rapidly through the introduction of the steamboat. The Orleatns had gone down the Ohio from Pittsburg in 181 1, the Washington in 181 7. In 18 1 7 the first steamboat to touch a port on the upper Mississippi reached St. Louis; Galena saw its first steamboat in 1822. This was the field, and these were the means of communication in which and by which the newspapers of " In 1821 there were fifty-seven post-ofBces, but in 1823 and 1825 only fifty three. Until after the first decade, Shawneetown did more postal business than any other town in Illinois, and in 1817 it was the only post-ofl&ce in the state in which a clerk was employed. In 1821 it did twice as much as Edwardsville, and four times as much as Kaskaskia. See U. S. Official Registers or "Blue Books," for 1817-1825. ^ Tillson, Reminiscences of Early Life in Illinois, 54. '^ Boggess, Settlement oj Illinois, 1775-jiSjo, p. 158. INTRODUCTION xxxi the first decade served and were served. But the delays in the mail service and in the delivery of freight were so frequent and so prolonged as to be to-day ahnost incredible. The Illinois Emigrant issued no number between June 23 and August 24, 1 8 19, because paper shipped down the Ohio on June 13th was delayed by low water and did not arrive until more than two months later. If this delay was suf- fered by a paper nearest the source of supply and directly on the Ohio, more extended gaps might well be expected in the other early files. On June 21, 1823, the Illinois Gazette received through the post a New York Spectator of November 22, 1822, a Richmond Enquirer of December 7, 1822, and a Frankfort Commentator of January 2, 1823. "Such is the wretched state of the mails west of the moun- tains, and complaints and remonstrances seem unavailing to improve it," remarked the editor. On this maU service the early western papers depended for their news of the out- side world. Hall, in the Illinois Gazette, pictures the situ- ation in 182 1 thus: "After a lapse of several weeks (three months, to be exact) we are now enabled to resume the publication of our sheet. Paper (the want of which has been the cause of the late interruption) was shipped for us early last fall, on board of a boat bound for St. Louis — to which place, owing prob- ably to the forgetfulness of the master, it was carried and has but just now come to hand. Our situation is such, and our means so inadequate to guard against these occasional interruptions, by laying in large supplies of paper, ink, etc., at a time that we are more or less affected by every change in the elements, or defalcation in individual promises. High and low water it seems are equally our enemies — the one is sure to delay the arrival of some article necessary to the xxxii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS prosecution of our labors, while the other hurries something of which we stand in the most pressing need, down the cur- rent beyond our reach. And high winds, and warm and cold weather, equally delight to make us their sport. But we assure our subscribers that however much they may regret missing a paper for a week, they cannot regret it more than we; for, after all, we are the only losers." More than five years had been required to complete four volumes. This uncertainty, especially in the freight service, lasted until long afterward. "You are doubtless waiting with some degree of impatience," wrote Hooper Warren to Ninian Edwards from Galena, July 6, 1829, "for the appearance of the Galena Advertiser. After waiting more than three weeks after my arrival, the materials from Springfield arrived from St. Louis. How they got there I have never learned. . . . When we were elated with the certainty of getting out the paper immediately, we were astonished to find that the teg of ink had been left behind! I put it into the wagon myself at Springfield with the other materials sent to Beardstown on the Illinois. Dr. PhiUeo started down the river immediately, which was three weeks ago last Saturday, to look for it. We heard from him by letter at the Lower Rapids on the 20th ult., at which time he had not found it, and was about to start down to St. Louis. We expect him by the next boat or stage." " In the next year, publication of the Illinois Monthly Magazine at Vandalia, the state capital, was considerably delayed by the failure of paper to arrive, and editor HaU gave this difficulty in the matter of transportation as one reason for removing the publication to Cincinnati. "We feel no inconsiderable regret," wrote the editor of the Illinois State Gazette and Jacksonville News on '* Washburne, Edwards Papa's, 408-409. INTRODUCTION xxxiii January 17, 1835, "at being compeUed to an occasional suspension of our publication (owing to a want of paper); but the regret is lessened somewhat by the fact that every paper in the state, with perhaps a single exception, has suf- fered like disappointments." The News had then suffered a suspension of three weeks. The general character of the newspapers of the period was political, the tone frequently controversial, but highly moral and often religious. As newspapers they would to-day be regarded, even from the point of view of the country weekly, as sad efforts. Of political news, either state or national, there was no lack, and the editors sometimes showed considerable enterprise in securing it; but of local news in the present sense there was very little. Occasionally some space was given to an account of an unusual murder in the vicinity, or an extraordinary rise or fall of the river; but usually the remoteness of the event seemed to increase Us importance, and one finds more often an account of the hop yield in Silesia than of the wheat crop in Illinois. It was easier to reset items from the eastern papers, when they arrived, than to gather facts and compose original matter." This was especially true in the frequent periods when the politician who ran the paper was absent, and the work was left to the itinerant and bibulous printer. The editorial occupied a variable, but on the whole, an important place. These first five papers had pretty definite purposes, forwarded or achieved largely by the direct appeal of the editorial, which, not infrequently in "parlous times" " Shawneetown was for many years the chief gateway for emigrants to Southern Illinois, and a "port of call" for all the settlers bound for Missouri via the Ohio River. Equipped with the present newspaper reporter's zeal for news, the editor of the Gazette could have made his paper a highly important record of the flowing tide of emigration to the land of promise. But the record was not written. Political maneuvers and quarrels were more important than the incoming population. xxxiv ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS of political conflict, filled one of the four small pages, and in a few instances overran even that ample room. Positive or controversial opinion was often expressed over an obvious but sufficient nom de plume, though quite as often the name of the editor was in itself a sufficient disguise for the individual or the interest behind the paper. Thus we find Sidney Breese writiag to Governor Edwards: "If I continue en- gaged in politics, I am determined to make Gov. Reynolds choose between Smith and myself, in other words between the Crisis and the Democrat. Do give your views . . . editorially, thro' me, in the Democrat." " Yet R. K. Flem- ing was nominally editor, the paper was referred to by War- ren in the Galena Advertiser as "Fleming's paper," and not until almost a year later did suspicion appear in print that Breese was the actual editor. John McLean, in the Illinois Gazette for July 29, 1820, called Ninian Edwards the "actual editor of the Edwardsville Spectator," nominally, and in fact, edited by Hooper Warren; and we find abundant evidence in Warren's letters to Edwards " that in editing his papers Sangamo Spectator and Galena Advertiser, Warren was con- tinually under the influence of Edwards. Yet Warren was one of the strongest and most independent of the early editors, of quite a different sort from Fleming, and the yoke of obligation was burdensome to him." While in such cases the nominal editor was the spokes- man for some one else, there were other cases in which editorial utterances were disguised by means of an assumed name. Signed contributions occupied a large and important place in the early papers, as they have done, and still do, in "Edwards Papers, 543, letter to Gov. Edwards, dated September 21, 1830. " In Washburne, Edwards Papers. " See Edwards Papers, 409, 410, 421, etc. INTRODUCTION xxxv English newspapers. These articles were either remarks of the editor, or bona fide contributions of outsiders. As one of the earliest occurrences of the first kind may be cited a series of letters in the Illinois Gazette, signed "Brutus," attacking Daniel P. Cook." They were undoubtedly written by James Hall, who was at that time editor; but, though HaU acknowledged editorial responsibility for the letters, he never acknowledged his authorship of them. Of the second kind there are to be found no more interesting illustrations than are furnished by the many communications of Morris Birkbeck, sometimes signed with his own name, sometimes with "Jonathan Freeman." They were con- cerned especially with slavery or with agriculture, and were as interesting and brisk in style as they were numerous and long. The pohtical influence and significance of acknowledged editorials was of serious moment, and matters of importance were not hastily disposed of with an irresponsible squib. Big guns were brought to bear, no matter how belated the broad- side. Political leaders were consulted and heeded, even when they were not themselves induced to write. An editor and politician no less important than Daniel P. Cook wrote to Ninian Edwards: "I shall want to make some comments on the importance of the subject, and altho' I shall do it as my own entirely, I shall wish very much to have your assist- ance in that business. Indeed it appears to be a subject of such acknowledged importance that a man who is able to develop its niceties may well expect to acquire some fame for so doing; and I therefore wish your assistance in making any remarks, lest I should discover a want of tolerable " The first was printed June 22, 1822. Cook replied in the Illmois IntelUgencer; in answer to this reply Hall assumed responsibility for the articles in an editonal printed July 27. xxxvi ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS knowledge of the subject, which would rather make me appear ridiculous than otherwise." ^'' Much of the space afforded by the lack of news was fiUed with "literature." "Want of room alone," explains one of the earliest editors,^' "has prevented us from fulfilling an intention which we had early formed, of devoting a portion of our columns to literature. Our own resources at this insulated spot, where we can calculate on but little assistance and where we seldom receive new books, must of course be small; but the columns of many of the Eastern papers are tastefully variegated with those lighter productions which delight the fancy, and on them we may sometimes draw, for the amusement of our readers. But among our friends and neighbors there are, no doubt, many who might contribute something towards the amusement and instruction of others." And indeed, to the many cultural excerpts from the taste- fully variegated columns were added stories, poems, and essays by friends and neighbors. John Russell, Morris Birkbeck, and James HaU wrote often for those earliest papers, and made of them sources not to be overlooked by those who would know the early agriculture, horticulture, society, education, and politics, as well as Hterature of Illinois. Out of the somewhat haphazard occasional use of this kind of material in the first papers there grew a well established custom of devoting certain columns to such matter, a custom that has persisted even to the present in some localities. These earlier productions, however crude, had individuality, vigor, and genuineness not to be found in the sapless tabloid material now supplied in plates at a dollar and a quarter a page. " Washburne, Edwards Papers, 125. *' James Hall in Illinois Gazette, July 29, 1820. INTRODUCTION xxxvii The business of publishing a newspaper in the early days was poor enough at best, and the publisher had a hard strug- gle to make a living. The initial cost of a plant was small, and the expense of maintenance was low, but the sources of income were correspondingly meager. Had there been no public printing and no poUticians who felt the need of "organs," probably no early paper could have lived a year, for the subscribers were few and the advertisements yielded little income. The first cost of establishing a plant seems to have varied from four hundred to a thousand dollars, according to the amount of type the publisher felt necessary. The cost of maintenance was small. In many instances one man did all the work; seldom were more than two employed on one paper. Usually, it seems, a lawyer or other ambitious person wishing to start a paper found a printer, furnished the plant, editorials, and some of the news, and left the printer to solicit advertising, gather "items," make selections of news and "elegant miscellany" from the exchanges, set type, and "run o£E" and deliver the paper. Public printing was a boon to the three earliest papers, and no doubt did much to prolong their careers beyond the average length. This was especially true of the first and the most successful, which was established at an opportune time. There was a great and growing territory rapidly being settled by ambitious pioneers; there was an increasing body of laws, with no newspaper in which to print them; there was the United States printing patronage to be secured, as well as the official job-work. A law in force May 21, 1810, declared that "whereas, it is provided . . . that advertise- ments should be inserted in some public newspaper pub- lished in the territory . . . ; and whereas, there is at this xxxviii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS time no newspaper printed in this territory:" " such adver- tisements should be inserted in "some of the newspapers pubHshed in the Louisiana Territory." The act was to remain in force "until a newspaper is established and pub- lished in this territory and no longer." " The privilege of printing the United States laws was of relatively great value and was eagerly sought. An act to authorize the publication of the laws in two newspapers in each territory was passed but three or four months after the first paper in lUinois was established.^^ In 1818 the number of papers to be favored was increased to three, and the matter to be published was made to include not only the laws, but resolutions, public treaties, and amendments to the constitution.^^ By this act the compensation was fixed at the rate of one doUar for each printed page of the pam- phlet in which the copy was furnished, a page not far from the size of standard law books to-day. The minimum number of subscribers on which a paper could be run seems to have been fiKed by Hooper Warren when he wrote to Ninian Edwards in 1828 that the Sangamo Spectator had but 170 subscribers, of which probably a third would withdraw when the year was up, and that nothing '^ This conclusively corrects Reynolds' statement that the Illinois Herald was established in 1809, an error handed down to the present time. (See Boggess, Settlement of Illinois, 1775-1830, p. 132, for the latest instance.) ^ Alvord, Laws of the Territory of Illinois, 1809-1811 ; Bulletin III. State Hist. Library, l. No. ,1. " Approved November 21, 1814. '' Act approved April 20, 1818. The number of papers to be used in each state and territory was changed to two in 1846; the practice was discontinued in March, 1875. The amount of income derived from this source varied. The first Official Register _ to give the names of the printers of the laws and the amounts that they were paid (that of 1833) gives $177.00 for the first session and $91.00 for the second. These amounts were much smaller than those paid previously. An incidental benefit accrued from official favor. There was much printing to be done for the Department of State and of War and the Post OflSce Department, and the news- paper publishers often received from such sources two or three times the amount paid for publishing the laws. INTRODUCTION xxxix could sustain the paper but new type and its enlargement.''" Four hundred subscribers were considered a satisfactory number, although one finds vain boasting here and there that with proper help from all friends this or that paper could increase its list to a thousand. Advertisements were few, seldom filling one-fourth of the paper, and the rates were low. Of these early adver- tisements, those of taverns, whiskey, town-sites, and run- away negroes are found most frequently. The last named is found in surprising numbers, not only in the first decade, but on down to the Civil War, many bearing the little woodcut of a negro with his bundle which so impressed Miss Mar- tineau, and nearly aU offering a reward of one cent for the fugitive's return. Prospectuses of new papers, and adver- tisements of eastern, especially Washington, papers were numerous. These, together with notices of Philadelphia, New York, and Boston magazines grew in frequency until the middle of the century, when the use of the telegraph began to shift the whole newspaper situation. Subscribers and advertisers would have been of more value to the struggling publishers if they had paid, but very often they didn't pay. In the case of nearly aU early papers the subscription price if paid in advance was a dollar lower than if paid at the end of the year, but from the frequent appeals for money on account, one surmises that the sub- scribers found a way to save more than the one dollar. They were appealed to in prose and in verse, they were cajoled, praised, lectured, and denounced. Money was wretchedly scarce, but almost any commodity was acceptable. A full list of what the printers oflfered to receive would be an in- 2« Edwards Papers, 330. After the Spectator had been sold to Meredith, War- ren wrote: "Had not this contract been made it is probable the paper would have died a natural death." P. 364. xl ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ventory of the daily needs of the pioneer. The publishers of the Illinois Gazette announced that they would receive in payment of subscriptions, clean linen and cotton rags; in pa)Tiient for subscriptions and advertisements, bacon, tallow, beeswax, and feathers. Later, hides, deerskins, and pork were also acceptable. Had there been no laws to be printed and no politicians to have organs, however, even prompt payment of subscription and advertising accounts would hardly have kept the papers alive, or have brought about the somewhat surprising fact that in the first decade no Illinois paper died through lack of support. The climax of this first period was reached in the con- vention campaign which began in February, 1823, and ended on the first Monday in August, 1824. The newspapers had a more important place in that contest than in any other important political event in Illinois. They were owned or controlled by leaders in the fray, and in the columns of the few that are left one can foUow the shifts of ownership and editorship, the shading off or brightening up of this or that aspect of the main question or of contributory questions, can catch the tense earnestness of spirit with which the oppo- nents struggled, and get much of the violence of invective and abuse which one finds nowadays nowhere except in a municipal campaign. From the beginning until well on in 1822 the papers were divided mainly on local issues and on men. The slavery question was already looming, but not large, though there had been more or less discontent ever since the passage of the Missouri Compromise, and the parties to the coming struggle were becoming defined. "The anti-convention party," says Governor Ford,". . . "established news- " History of Illinois, 53-54. INTRODUCTION xli papers to oppose the convention; one at Shawneetown, edited by Henry Eddy; one at EdwardsviUe, edited by Hooper Warren, with Gov. Coles, Thomas Lippincott, George Churchill, and Judge Lockwood, for its principal contributors; and finally, one at Vandalia, edited by David Blackwell, the Secretary of State. The slave party had established a newspaper at Kaskaskia, under the direction of Mr. Kane and Chief Justice Reynolds; and one at Ed- wardsviUe edited by Judge Smith; and both parties pre- pared to appeal to the interests, the passions, and the intelli- gence of the people. The contest was mixed up with much personal abuse; and now was poured forth a perfect lava of detraction, which, if it were not for the knowledge of the people that such matters are generally false or greatly exag- gerated, would have overwhelmed and consumed aU men's reputations . . . The whole people, for the space of eighteen months, did scarcely anything but read newspapers, handbills and pamphlets, quarrel, argue, and wrangle with each other." It is a source of wonder that long after these events had passed Governor Ford could record that but one duel had been fought in Illinois.^' The EdwardsviUe Spectator was the first paper in the state to come out against slavery in lUmois, and to oppose aU measures and men that seemed to favor a change in the direction of slavery. The paper was probably con- trolled by Ninian Edwards; it was the mouthpiece of a coterie of strong men, and under Hooper Warren's editorship it pursued a steady and consistent policy that made it the most influential paper in the state. Until early in 1824 it was alone in its opposition to any encroachments of slavery interests. Other papers were less stable, shifted policies, and ^ History of Illinois, 54- xlii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS until late in the campaign did not assume the positions which they were in at the close.^° The Illinois Gazette favored the convention, but was so near the fence, and gave space to such free discussion of both sides, that writers on this bit of Illinois history have given accounts of its position in direct conflict with each other. A somewhat extended statement of the paper's position is given here in an effort to settle the question. Governor Ford has said that the Gazette was against the convention; Gov- ernor Coles, that it was for it.'" These two authorities have been the source of endless conflicting statements, and other contemporary writers, like Hooper Warren and George Flower, have contributed. In his History of the English Settlement in Edwards County, Flower asserts, and offers substantial proof, that the paper was pro-convention, while the editor, E. B. Washburne, furnishes the information in a foot-note, that Eddy, editor of the Gazette, was against the convention. Henry Eddy and A. W. Kimmel conducted the Gazette until May 22, 1820, when their partnership was dissolved and James HaU became Eddy's partner and the editor. HaU at once acknowledged his ignorance of Illinois politics and chose a neutral course for his paper. This course he reafl&rmed, when, in printing a letter from Daniel P. Cook relative to some political charges, HaU said editorially, "We '' As late as April 22, 1823, Governor Coles wrote to Nicholas Biddle his belief that the Kaskaslua Republican would stand against the convention. Ten days earlier he had written to Richard Flower and Morris Birkbeck suggesting that they take the initiative in starting an anti-convention paper at Albion. See Washburne, Sketch of Governor Coles. "• "Unfortunately for the friends of freedom, four out of five of the newspapers printed in this state are opposed to them; and the only press whose editor is in favor of freedom, although a pretty smart editor, has rendered himself unpopular with many of his foolish and passionate attacks upon many prominent men on his side of the question." Coles to Biddle, September 18, 1823. In Washburne, Sketch of Governor Coles, 160. INTRODUCTION xliii wish it to be distinctly understood that we have not forsaken the neutral ground which we have thought proper to assume with regard to the ensuing election. Our columns are open to all communications temperately written, to which the authors place their names, or for which they are w illin g to be accountable. This is the only course which, situated as we are, completely in the dark with regard to the state of parties, and the merits of candidates, we could with any degree of propriety pursue." This position Hall held con- sistently for nearly two years, although he was suspected of sympathy with the advocates of slavery extension. Hooper Warren accused him of such sympathy in 1820 because of an editorial in which Hall suggested a disparity between Illinois and the states of Kentucky and Missouri, caused by the great advantage which the last two had over the first from the privilege of holding slaves. HaU denied that what he said referred in any way to the political situation in Illinois, or that it was meant, as Warren charged, to favor the election of E. K. Kane." Two weeks later, "^ in printing a letter from Morris Birkbeck who uttered a word of warning to his fellow-citizens lest they elect pro-slavery officials, HaU de- plored the fact that the question of slavery should be brought up. "From this state," he said, "it [slavery] is excluded; it cannot now be introduced; and were an attempt to be made for that purpose we should be among the first to oppose so material a change in our constitution." A change of attitude is hardly concealed in the following, however: April 6, 1822, a communication appeared announcing that the subject of the introduction of slaves into Illinois was in agitation in Union and Jackson counties. "Great exer- '' Illinois Gazette, July 22, 1820. ^ Ibid, August 5, 1820. xliv ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS tions," said the editor, "will, in all probability, be used to procure a call for a convention to reconsider the important provision, in our constitution, against slavery. . . . Good cause must be shown before the people will consent to a proposition so pointedly opposed to their former sentiments. Let those who advocate the measure exhibit their manifesto, that the people 'may the better judge.' Our Gazette is at the service of all who choose to make it the medium of temperate discussion, on this or any other subject, except such as in- volve the deadly rancour of political parties and partisans, or the more baneful and unforgiving hate of theological dogma. At present we shall take no part in the slave question, reserving the right to enter the lists at a future opportunity, should we so determine." Six months later Hall became involved in an acrimonious political dispute with Daniel P. Cook, who was a close political friend of Eddy, and a schism arose which resulted in the dissolution of the partnership of Hall and Eddy in November. No matter touching on slavery appeared until March, when an account of a meeting held at Jonesboro told that Alexander P. Field introduced a resolution which proposed an effort to elect members of the legislature who would recommend a convention for altering and amending the constitution. There was no editorial comment, and no mention of slavery. On March 8, Eddy strongly repro- bated the seating of Shaw, but, unlike Berry, made no reference to slavery. Berry's "Extraordinary Legislative Proceedings"^^ was reprinted from the Illinois Intelligencer without criticism. From March, 1823, until August, 1824, the columns of the Gazette were crowded with communica- tions on the convention and the slavery questions. In that ^ See p. xlvii. INTRODUCTION xlv period Birkbeck's Jonathan Freeman letters were printed and other articles on the same side. No one of these was left unanswered by the opponents, but the paper kept almost clear of the controversy, only once venturing to express the prevailing opinion of that part of the state. In the following editorial, printed June 14, 1823, the Gazette, according to George Flower, "showed the cloven hoof". "The vote of the last legislature, recommending the case of a new convention, seems to have produced a good deal of excitement in the western part of the state, and to have called forth already some pretty warm discussion. In this quarter, as yet, we have heard but little said on the subject, owing probably to the great degree of unanimity which prevails in favor of the measure. The people in this part of the state (in this and adjoining counties particularly) have too great an interest at stake in keeping up the manufacture of salt at the saline, to be easUy diverted from the course they intend to pursue by making the question turn upon the propriety or impropriety of introducing negro slavery. They aie persuaded that unless the time can be enlarged, during which the slaves of the neighboring states can be hired to labor at the furnaces, the works, after the year 1824, must be aban- doned, and this main source of revenue to the state be lost ; besides aU the advantages which they individually derive from the market, which, when in operation, those works create. The people in this part also, in common with others in aU parts of the state, desire an amendment of the con- stitution in other particulars wherein it has been found defective, and manj^ (we are far from concealing it) are in favor of the introduction of slavery, either absolute, as it exists at present in the slave-holding states, or in a limited degree — that is to say, to exist until the children born after xlvi ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS its admission shall arrive at a certain age, to be fixed by the constitution."'* When Coles secured control of the Intelligencer, the Ga- zette remarked, "Notwithstanding we have a high respect for the former editors, and the manner in which they executed their editorial functions, we cannot but hope that the Intelli- gencer will henceforth be conducted in a course, so as not to warrant any person in sapng it disgusts the community." ^^ The situation is most clearly revealed in one sentence printed August 7. The Gazette had vigorously supported Cook as candidate for Congress in opposition to Bond, although Cook was a strong anti-slavery man. No doubt the enmity which Eddy incurred by doing all in his power to defeat the pro-slavery Bond caused many supporters of the convention to regard Eddy as opposed to them on that proposition also. But that his loyalty to Cook in no wise influenced his s3Tn- pathy for the convention is fairly indicated in his remark of August 7: "The convention question is lost — principally, we believe, from the effort made by Governor Bond's friends to force him" upon its supporters, against the declared prefer- ence of Mr. Cook." It is clear from the pages of the paper itself that the Gazette favored the convention. But it is more obvious that Eddy opened his columns freely to both parties in the dis- cussion, that he was as nearly non-committal as an editor well could be, and that his course was in striking contrast with that of Hooper Warren and his Spectator on one hand, and Theophilus Smith and the Illinois Republican on the other. " III. Gazette, June 14, 1823. See George Flower, Hist, oj English Settlement in Edwards Co., 253. No copy of the Gazette of this date is preserved. '» May 29, 1824. INTRODUCTION xlvii The Illinois Intelligencer, before the beginning of the fight, was inclined to ignore the slavery question; its owners up to February 15, 1823, Wm. H. Brown and WiUiam Berry, were on opposite sides. In the number for February 15, however, there appeared a scathing editorial, entitled "Extraordinary Legislative Proceedings," denouncing the legislature^' for its playing fast and loose with the Pike County members in order to gain the one vote necessary to call for a ballot on the convention. To this editorial Wil- liam Berry appended a note. "The above 'extraordinary legislative proceedings' have been published by my partner, Wm. H. Brown, Esq., without my approbation, and shall be answered next week." In the issue for the next week Robert BlackweU's name replaced Brown's, and signed edi- torials from all three participants set forth their respective views. Under BlackweU and Berry the paper was less partizan, but was friendly to the convention faction.*' At some time between March ig and May 7, 1824, Berry disposed of his interest nominally to David BlackweU, " This editorial brought about the only threat I have found of legislative action, and the first instance of mob menace, against an Illinois newspaper. On Monday, February 17, 1823, Mr. Field, of Union County, moved the adoption of the following resolution: "That the Editors of the Illinois Intelligencer be requested forthwith to inform this House who is the author of a piece which appeared in their last paper, signed A. B. and which charges the Legislature with corruption and dis- honesty." The resolution passed, and there the matter ended. Public feeling outside of the legislature was so much aroused that a mob collected in front of the office of the newspaper and threatened to destroy the press and other equipment. But this demonstration proceeded no further toward results than the legislature itself had gone. " James H. Perkins, Annals of the West, appendix, 792-793, says: "The paper (at Vandalia) that performed the public printing, was the strong garrison (of the convention party in December, 1823). On the morning of the meeting of the con- vention party leaders this citadel surrendered to their opponents, hoisted the anti- convention flag, and prepared to pour grapeshot into their ranks. . . . Governor Coles had purchased an interest in the press; David BlackweU, Esq., of Belleville, had been appointed secretary of state, to fill a vacancy and conduct the paper as editor." , , This is inaccurate. David BlackweU did not become editor until after March, 1824. xlviii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS though Governor Coles was the real buyer.'' With this change the Intelligencer became an active opponent of the convention; David Blackwell in his "prospectus," printed May 14, asserted that he would give his uniform opposition to the convention. And he did so. The Illinois Republican and the Republican Advocate (later the Kaskaskia Republican) were less permanent ele- ments in the early newspaper field, and did little more than contribute to the campaign discussions of 1823-24. The Illinois Republican at EdwardsviUe was established by a Pennsylvanian named Miller, and his son. Their coming was opportune; a paper to oppose the Spectator was much desired, and a group of citizens, including Theophilus W. Smith, furnished some necessary money to aid the under- taking. From the beginning the paper favored the pro- slavery party; when the convention campaign opened, it passed into the hands of Thomas J. McGuire and Company, and became the organ of the convention party,'' with Smith as virtual editor, aided by William Kinney, West, and others. Smith was a smooth, graceful, and plausible writer. His articles were pohshed and of considerable literary merit, but he was not the equal of his rival. Hooper Warren. No other papers in the campaign fought at such close quarters, or with such direct personal animosity and bitterness as these two at EdwardsvUle. Yet the editors went only once out- side of their editorial columns and their offices to flay their opponents. Their pens were facile and forcible. The Republican Advocate was established at Kaskaskia by Elias Kent Kane and Governor Reynolds, at first under " Washburne, Sketch of Governor Coles, 167. " An interesting sidelight is thrown on this transaction in Governor Edwards's message to the legislature in 1826, and in a letter to Henry I. Mills. See Edwards Papers, 270. INTRODUCTION xlix the nominal editorship of Robert K. Fleming, the printer; in January, 1824, in the heat of the campaign in which the paper supported the convention party, it was transferred to WiUiam Orr. Orr renamed it Kaskaskia Republican in March, 1824, and continued the paper until early in 1825, but the coUapse of his cause deprived him of most of his support. In reviving his journal in 1826 under the title of Illinois Reporter, Orr remarked philosophically that he had been "taught by experience that his course in the political field should not be permitted to transcend the limits of temperate remark," and added, with something further of philosophy, that "extreme violence in political discussions, or unrestrained vituperation of those with whom we cannot coincide in matters of opinion, should not be indulged in." How much the newspapers affected the results of the campaign can hardly be estimated. Two out of the five were against the convention, and the convention was de- feated; but in three of the four counties in which the papers were published, the convention faction won. St. Clair County voted against the convention, 506 to 408, and the result has been credited very largely to the vigorous efforts of the Spectator; Fayette County returned 125 for to 121 against; in Gallatin, where Eddy made his timid stand, 597 for to 133 against showed the temper of the southeast section of the state; in Randolph 357 were for and 284 against the proposal. The engine of the press finished the first period of its career under forced draft and high pressure, as it were. In the columns of these pioneer papers the early life of the state lies revealed frankly and realistically. The editors or contributors included nearly all the leaders in public life, and like the leaders, the papers were strongly partizan. 1 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS But the partizanship was obvious and sincere; the earnest- ness with which either party advocated its cause is still refreshing; and in this earnestness with which the charge was made and repulsed and the countercharge brought forth, there are the simplicity and the strength of the pioneers of a great commonwealth. When the campaign was over the papers lost their strongest writers and much of their patron- age. One was discontinued; the others entered the next period weakened in character and in influence. FROM 1824 TO 1840 The period from 1824 to 1840, although somewhat arbi- trarily limited, extends from the great convention contest to the most exciting presidential campaign, relative to news- paper activity, before i860. It is also a formative period, in which almost every subsequent phenomenon of increase, congregation, and distribution of population was begun or indicated; and in which several t)rpes of periodicals were introduced. In 1824 nearly the whole of the northern two-thirds of the state was included in five counties. The military bounty land tract was divided between Pike and Fulton; Sangamon, Fayette, and Edgar included their present territories and all that part of the state to the north of them and south of the Illinois river and the lower edge of Lake Michigan. By 1840, though fifteen counties were set apart subsequently, the county organization was practically what it is to- day."" The chief movement of population in the early part of the period was the rapid peopling of the valley of the Illinois river, of the prairies of the central part of the state, and of '" Blue Book oj the State of Illinois, 1905, pp. 414-430. INTRODUCTION li the Fever river lead region in the vicinity of Galena." The greatest immigration into Central Illinois occurred in 1827 and 1828; from the end of the Black Hawk War until the financial disturbances in 1837 there was rapid growth along the Illinois river. Springfield, which was established in 1819, had a population numbering between six hundred and eight hundred in 1830; Jacksonville was of about the same size. The population of Sangamon County at that time was over forty-two thousand; that of the military tract was about thirteen thousand; Adams County was the most thickly settled district in that now populous area, and Quincy, the county town, contained perhaps two hundred persons. Peoria, whose first permanent settlers arrived in 18 19, grew with great rapidity. Peoria County had been organ- ized in 1825 with a population of twelve hundred thirty- six; Galena counted a population of about two thousand, and the county more than twice that number. After 1834 the objective point for immigrants to Illinois was Chicago, where many stayed, and from which point the whole northern part of the state was peopled. This movement was checked by the financial depression beginning in 1837, but revived again in 1842. Transportation facilities improved rapidly. Steam navi- gation on the Illinois river began in 1828, and on Lake Michi- gan in 1832. By 1830 nearly every important point in Illi- nois could be reached in a reasonably short time, since steam- boats departed ahnost daily for all lUinois points along the Mississippi, and others plied up and down the Illinois. *' In the fall of 1825 the Western Emporium, pubUshed at Centerville, Indiana, estimated that between one hundred and one hundred twenty wagons loaded with families and effects passed through that town in fifteen days on their way to Illinois, chiefly to the northern parts. It believr-d that as many more had passed through Brooksville, Lawrenceburg, etc. lii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Roads, also, were improved and extended." In 1824 a stage line led from St. Louis to Vincennes;" by 1830 trips were made three times a week over this route, touching Belleville, Lebanon, Carlyle, Maysville, and Lawrenceville." A stage went once a week from St. Louis to Vandalia by way of EdwardsvUle and Greenville; and once a week to Galena by way of Edwardsvillej Springfield, and Peoria. In 1836 a line of wagons was established between Chicago and Kan- kakee, where connection was made for the Illinois river; three years later a stage line operating between Chicago and Galena made the trip in two days. Four newspapers survived the convention campaign, to connect the preceding with the period now being considered. To these were added one hundred and fifteen new journal- istic ventures, and thirty-one others that belong to a most difficult class, based on a sort of incorporeal hereditament; papers with new names or old names, but related more or less mythically with preceding publications. An attempt to follow the wandering titles and peripatetic subscription lists of many of these early papers carries the investigator too near the psychical for any practical purposes of record. However, of these one hundred and sixty that had exist- ence in these sixteen years, but fifty-two remained for the census enumerator in 1840, several of which were but temporary campaign sheets.*^ " The General Assembly in 1830 passed many laws establishing new roads, and shortening and improving others. Some of the more important highways authorized at that session were: One from the west bank of the Wabash opposite Vincennes, to Chicago, through Palestine, York, Darwin, Paris, and Danville; one from Springfield to Rock Island via Sangamontown, New Salem, Miller's Ferry, Havana, and Lewiston; one from Pekin to Vermillion County; and one from Alton to Galena, via Carrollton, Whitehall, Jacksonville, Bairdstown (sic), Rushville and Macomb. ^ Davidson and Stuv€, History oj Illinois, 352. " Peck, Gazetteer of Illinois, 1837, p. 325, says that stages ran each way on alter- nate days over this route, and twice a week between Shawneetown and Carlyle. See also Mitchell, Illinois in 1837, p. 66. " See fourth paragraph subseq. INTRODUCTION liii The geographical distribution of the papers established in this period is of much significance. Whereas in the first decade no paper was projected in territory farther to the north than Vandalia, two years later the Miner's Journal appeared at Galena, two hundred miles northward; in the next year the Sangamo Spectator was established at Spring- field; Jacksonville followed in 1830 with the Western Observer, Alton in 1832 with the Spectator, and Chicago with the Democrat in 1833. Add to these the Chronicle and Bounty Land Advertiser, begun at Beardstown in 1833, the Enquirer, set up in the same year at Danville, on the eastern edge of the central belt of the state, the Illinois Champion and Peoria Herald in the north central section, 1834, and the Bounty Land Register, begun in 1835 at Quincy, on the extreme western side, and the limits of distribution have been reached. What remained now was but the fillin g in of the spaces between these remote points, and much of this was accomplished within the period. The fiUing-in process was urged to abnormal activity by the grand internal improvement scheme. No fewer than nineteen newspapers were established in towns along the niinois river and the canal route, including Alton and ex- cluding Chicago, between 1836 and 1840. But as no part of the state was left out of this comprehensive scheme, papers grew, declined, and died in aU parts of the state. Yet aside from the impetus of the improvement scheme there was the spirit of the time that made for recklessness. Immigration and speculation were abnormally augmented, settlers were pouring into the state, town sites were being laid out on all sorts of theories of future development. A contemporary editor has given an explanation of the newspaper situation that doubtless is true. liv ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS "The establishment of newspapers appears to be a lead- ing characteristic of the present age. So great is the rage for getting up papers, that the patronage necessary for their maintenance is thought a secondary consideration, if, indeed, it is not deemed of too little consequence to elicit even a passing enquiry. Is there a town or city in embryo, with its plat designated, its streets and alleys, and public grounds marked out, having within its bounds some half a dozen houses, a tavern, a store, and a blacksmith shop? — its crowded population and wealth and greatness are seen in perspective, and a press is wanted, the sacrifice of some poor printer is demanded, to magnify its beauties, extenuate its faults, transform its very evils into blessings, and give assurance to the world of, not what it is, but what it is to be. Is there a little village, with its political parties or factions in array ? — the one must have its paper to promulgate its doctrines and vindicate its rights; and anon the opposing party, having in their imagination great principles and im- portant interests at stake, must also have its organ through which it can be heard, that the encroachments of contending power may be stayed. Is there a wealthy and ambitious demagogue, grasping for office as the only means of obtain- ing a short-lived and perchance an unenviable distinction? — the press is the great lever by which he is to consummate his wishes. Is there a lawyer, brief in years, brief in legal acquirements, with professional prospects briefless, the press is the fulcrum upon which his last hope for political prefer- ment is based — the all-powerful engine by which he is to elevate himself to the summit of his imaginary glory, to the highest goal of his ambitions, — and straight the learned Theban mounts the editorial tripod, and with more than INTRODUCTION Iv sibyUine gravity utters forth his oracles of political wisdom to a benighted world."*" The presidential campaign of 1840 brought into being a large number of papers. Of the seventeen estabUshed in 1839, six may reasonably be considered campaign ephemera, which were discontinued in 1840 or 1841, or, finding evidence of permanent support, changed their titles to indicate their altered character. In 1840 such papers as Sucker, Spirit of '76, Sovereign People, Illinois Free Trader, Old Hickory, and Old Soldier were started merely as campaign sheets; and there were at least twelve others primarily of the same character. Sixteen of the thirty new or refurbished down- state papers estabUshed in 1840 ended with the campaign or within the following year. In tone the papers were not materially diflFerent from those of the preceding period. There were, to be sure, a good many very poor sheets, of a colorless, neutral tone, the forerunners of the abject bread-getters, never exalted to the dignity of bread-earners, which became widely prevalent in the decade from 1870 to 1880. But more of the papers were run by men of backbone and brains — proportions var)dng. Politics continued to be the primary interest, and the political tone was nothing softened since 1824. No presidential contest in Illinois produced more violent news- paper utterances than that of 1840. It was a campaign especially to the taste of the settlers in the young, crude state, and the inhabitants entered the lists without reserve, and with sufficient vocabularies. Witness this following, from *• Illinois State Gazette &" Jacksonville News, May 9, 1835. The promptness with which newspapers were set up in incipient villages is well illustrated in the case of Grafton. The first settlers built their cabins in 1832, streets were laid out in 1836, and John Russell published the Backwoodsman there in 1837. Ivi ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS the Vandalia Free Press, edited by William Hodge, for July 27, 1838 (extra): "GLORIOUS TIMES" OF PATENT DEMOCRACY! A "Mousing Grimalkin" for President! A practical amalgamator, his vice\ A Taney Federalist in the chair of Marshall. A Secretary of the Treasury whose financial blunders would disgrace a schoolboy! An Attorney General who has yet to learn the first rudi- ments of political honesty! A servile Senate fawning at the footstool of Puss's throne! Hodge was not a fair representative of the Illinois news- paper men of his day, perhaps, but however the papers differed in degree, they were alike in being strong party organs, one-sided, and never independent. The strong bias that seemed to be demanded of the news- papers of the time, the bias that fed the party or factional spirit, at the same time reduced the power of the papers. 'Newspapers at present have but little influence," wrote Hooper Warren in 1828." "The readers are few, and these are taught to believe that aU that appears in a news- paper is a lie, of course." At this same time De TocqueviUe remarked the small influence of American papers," and Harriet Martineau had never heard any one deny the prof- ligacy of newspapers in general, or that the American were the worst. Why "the republic has not been overthrown by its newspapers"*' Miss Martineau might have learned from Hooper Warren. *' Edwards Papers, 336. ** Democracy in America, I, 235. (Bowen, 1882.) But see also 238. *' Society in America, I, 75. (Paris, 1837.) INTRODUCTION . ivii Though the newspaper readers were few from the point of view of an unsuccessful editor, the ratio of newspapers to population was large, as the following table will show, and their influence was without doubt greater than the dis- couraged editor of the Galena Advertiser believed. RATIO OF NEWSPAPERS TO POPULATION IN 1837 Town Population 5° Pop. of Co. (1835) Newspaper Alton 2,500 9,016 4 Chicago 8,000 7,500 3 Galena 1,200 4,3So i Jacksonville 2,500 16,500 3 Ottawa 400 4)754 i Pekin 800 5,850 i Peoria 1,500 7,000 I Shawneetown 600 8,660 i Springfield 17,573 2 Vandalia 850 3,638 2 In the following statistical view of the publishing in- dustry in the state in 1840, presented in the census report for that year, two items require comment. The four peri- odicals assigned to Jo Daviess County it seems impossible to identify. There were but two towns of any consequence in the county at that time, and neither, so far as available materials show, supported a periodical other than a news- paper. The same difficulty attends the daily paper in Schuyler County. Possibly the Rushville Political Examiner was issued daUy in the heat of the campaign. ™ These figures are from Mitchell, Illinois in 1837, and are probably estimated. Iviii rLLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS CENSUS OF 1840 Counties a ■a .g s .a 1 1 •a V3 1 1 •a 1 g T3 1 3 u Adams 4 3 I 2 2 2 2 I 2 2 4 I 2 2 I 2 I 3 I I I 2 I 2 I I 2 I 2 I 2 2 2 I I 2 3 I I 2 I 2 I 4 6 19 3 6 4 7 4 4 II 8 16 3 14 9 2 5 S 28 3 2 $1,600 Cook Edgar Fayette Fulton ^ 8,300 800 4,000 Crall'atin 1,500 Hancock I 1,000 Jersey Jo Daviess La Salle . . 1,000 2 4 3)5°° 2,000 Madison I 14,000 Montgomery. . . . Morgan Peoria 1,200 I I 3,000 ^.wo Putnam 1,100 Randolph Rock Island .... I 1,800 I 2,^00 Sangamon Schuyler St. Clair I 1^,000 600 I I 2 I 2 iroo Tazewell 200 Wabash 7 3 6 1.4.00 Will 3,000 2,000 Winnebago Total 45 S 3 38 2 9 17s 71,300 Throughout the first half-century of our newspaper history the weekly papers were all these things to aU men; each presented a s)miposium of politics, agriculture, morals, mechanics, science, and literature — something to please each member of the family, indeed. But the idea of special tjTpes was present very early, and found concrete habiliment in several premature publications. As early as 1829 a INTRODUCTION Ik religious paper was started; in the next year appeared an agricultural journal, the second west of the Alleghanies, and a monthly Uterary magazine. The first harbinger of the flock which was to spread the Washingtonian movement abroad in the state came in 1836; in 1837 an educational monthly endured a brief life of neglect. In the next year a paper was started at EdwardsviUe to promulgate a uni- versal language. Finally, ambitious Chicago produced in 1839 the first daUy paper in the state, and in 1840 the second. It should be noted too, that the two oldest papers in Ilhnois to-day look back to this period for their beginnings. Most of these pioneers in special fields require here a word of comment. Religious journalism, which has been important numeri- cally since the middle of this period, began with the Pioneer of the Valley of the Mississippi, estabUshed at Rock Spring by John Mason Peck and T. P. Green, and first issued on April 25, 1829. It was a private venture, and Baptist. Baptist journalism in Illinois has been, from the beginning, whoUy a matter of private enterprise in contrast with that of Ohio and Michigan, among the western states." The idea of the Pioneer originated with Peck, who felt that his Baptist seminary, and the state, needed the stimulus that a weekly paper would give. He found a Rev. T. P. Green willing to furnish half enough money to start the venture, and to act as pubUsher. The rest of the funds Peck secured from eastern Baptists, who, no doubt, at Peck's suggestion, stipu- lated that half of the profits should go to the seminary. Peck was editor, and in his travels solicited subscriptions. But the paper was a dead expense from the beginning ;'== " Justin A. Smith, History of the Baptists in the Western States, 380. '^ Rufus Babcock, Memoir of John Mason Peck, Phila., 1864. k ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS the Rev. Mr. Green soon starved out, and was succeeded by a Mr. Smith, son-in-law of Mr. Peck. In June, 1836, the ofl&ce was moved to Alton, where it was a distressing burden to its originator until January, 1839, when it was combined with the Baptist Banner of Louisville, Kentucky. That an attempt was made to estabHsh a pretentious literary monthly in Illinois in 1830 provokes astonishment paralleled only by the wonder that the attempt was carried two years toward success. James Hall, lawyer, writer, circuit judge, state treasurer, editor of the Illinois Emigrant from 1820 to 1822, of the Illinois Intelligencer from 1829 to 1832, trustee of Illinois CoUege, writer of fiction, literary biography, and commercial statistics, vehement politician and maker of many enemies — this versatile Pennsylvanian established the Illinois Monthly Magazine at VandaHa, October, 1830, and published it there for two years. Illinois had been a state but twelve years, and contained more horse- thieves in the southern and Indians in the northern sections than litterateurs in both. Yet here was this hopeful voice calling out from Vandalia to the people of Illinois for articles on subjects hterary, scientific, cultural — for fiction and for poetry — and for appreciation in coin of the realm. It had nearly a score of predecessors in the Ohio valley," including The Medley (1803), Western Review (1820) and Transyl- vanian (1829) at Lexington, Kentucky; Cincinnati Literary Gazette (1824), Western Monthly Review (1828), Sentinel and Star in the West (1829), and Olio, at Cincinnati, the western publishing center of that time. Of these predecessors to Hall's venture, Olio (1821-22) is of interest here because one of its editors was Samuel S. Brooks, who became " Venable, Early Periodical Literature oj the Ohio Valley. Cairns, On the De- velopment of American Literature from 1815 to 18 jj, pp. 60, 61. INTRODUCTION hi one of the most active and trenchant of early editors in Illinois. The greater age and population of the communities in which these early attempts were made, as compared with the village capital of Illinois, make Hall's venture seem the more hazardous. Yet Hall's purpose was largely practical. "The leading features of our humble attempt," the editor explained in the preface to his first number, "wiU be to disseminate knowl- edge, to ciiltivate a taste for letters, and to give correct deline- ations of this country to our distant friends. . . . Every topic connected with the arts, the industry, or the resources of this flourishing state, or of the western country, wiU come within the scope of this work. . . . But while we propose to give a prominent place to the useful, it is not our intention to neglect the lighter and more elegant branches of literature. Original tales, characteristic of the western people, are promised, and we think that our arrangements in this depart- ment are such, that the lovers of ingenious fiction wiU not be disappointed. Literary intelligence wiU form a portion of each number." Something further of Hall's ideal was expressed in the seventh number, when, in the course of an article on "Periodicals," the editor wrote, "Our editors have become too formal, and stately, and fastidious. . . . Instead of the infinite variety of topics, which once gave interest to works of this description, nothing is now admitted but reviews, tales, and poetry. ... I am much better pleased with the good old-fashioned magazines . . . within whose well furnished pages, the reader, whatever might be his taste, was sure to find something agreeable." Such, indeed, was the character of the Illinois Monthly Magazine, for performance followed close on purpose, and Hall gathered in those two ambitious volumes a quantity, Ixii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS quality, and variety of matter creditable indeed. He drew on his own resources heavily- — he contributed nearly one- half of all that he printed. And he drew at the same time on all other available resources in the state, and soon ex- hausted them. The energetic citizens of Alton, which at that time was almost the equal of Chicago in population, furnished the first organ of temperance reform, when on June i, 1836, the Illinois State Temperance Society published there the first number of the Illinois Temperance Herald. The paper never received from subscriptions and advertisements a support sufficient to maintain it, but the society seems to have had fairly ample funds, since for some time as many as six thousand copies of the Herald were circulated." Fur- thermore they brought Timothy Turner, an effective tem- perance lecturer, from New York, and at considerable expense secured A. W. Corey as editor of their paper.^' The burden became too great, however; the Missouri Society was in 1839 induced to share the expenses of publication, and the title of the paper was altered to Missouri and Illinois Temperance Herald. The words and Washingtonian were added in 1842, after which time the paper did not long survive. Ensley T. and C. Goudy began in January, 1837, ^o publish the first educational journal in Illinois, probably the first in the Mississippi valley. It was entitled Common School Advocate, and was issued monthly. Only a printer " Tanner, Martyrdom oj Lovejoy, loo. '* Tanner, supra cit., declared that Corey provoked heated opposition in St. Louis, especially by printing the names of all wholesale grocers of that city who sold liquors, and charging them with participating in a common crime. "Many, in their fury, would have been glad to have wiped out of existence not only the Observer, but also the Temperance Herald, with their editors, printers, and offices, as nuisances in society." INTRODUCTION Ixiii like Goudy, who ventured and failed in many journalistic undertakings, would have had the courage to use labor, ink, and paper, even, in publishing a school journal in Illinois, at that time. There was no common school system; there were no required qualifications for school teachers; and there was a latent antagonism on the part of a large portion of the populace to an educational system which would entail taxation.^' "We apprehend," said S. S. Brooks, editor of the Jacksonville Gazette and News in a notice of the Common School Advocate, "there is not sufficient intelligence among the mass of teachers in the state to appreciate the merits of such a work, nor interest enough taken by parents in the success of common schools, or in the education of their children, to induce them to extend, at the present time, an adequate support to the enterprise." The editorial labor was done by "a few literary gentlemen who, from their deep interest in this subject, generously volunteered their services for one year without remuneration." Samuel WUlard ascribed the editorship to Rev. Theron Baldwin." But Brooks's pessimism seems to have been warranted, for the journal did not continue beyond the year. The failure of the Advocate was in keeping with the fate of aU. educational journals, four in number, which had been established up to that time in the United States. The first was begun in 1818 ; the least unsuccessful lived for ten years; others, four, two, and one, respectively. Considering the conditions, the Common School Advocate had its due length of life. Chicago had a population of about five hundred when the first newspaper was set up in it, and mail was carried on 5' Mitchell, Illinois in 1837, pp. 60-61. " W. L. PilUbury, in Report of the Supt. oj Public Instruction, 1883-84, p. cxvii. Quoted in Prib. No. 10, III. State Hist. Lib. 2,32- Ixiv ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS a horse once a week by way of Niles, Michigan. And it is significant that the first number of this first paper strongly urged "the commencement and completion of the long- contemplated canal to connect the waters of Lake Michigan with the Illinois River." In that year, 1833, when the Democrat added its voice to the internal improvement chorus, a total of twenty-eight voters elected the first trustees of the new town; and seven thousand Indians met thereabouts to sign a treaty ceding to the United States all of the terri- tory in northern Illinois and in Wisconsin. A second paper was established in 1835, when the population of the toAvn was 3,265, including a number of Whigs who were not con- tent to have their interests ignored by the only paper in the place. They consequently saw to it that the Whig American was started, and this paper, on November 26, 1839, began to issue the first daily in the state. Its rival began a daily in the following year. Thus the dailies really began in this period, but discussion of them is placed in the next, in which they became an important feature of journalism. Although this sketch is confined to affairs less widely known than the brief career of the Alton Observer, ending in the death of Elijah P. Lovejoy, it is perhaps permissible to recite briefly the events connected with that fatal affair, since the Observer was the first abolition paper in Illinois. Hooper Warren contrasts conditions in 1837, when Lovejoy was killed, with those in 1820, when Warren, unmolested, conducted the Spectator, '' suggesting the inference that the two men were preaching the same doctrine. But such an inference is erroneous. The Edwardsville Spectator was not an abolition paper, but an anti-slavery paper. Since War- ren's paper was only anti-slavery, the Observer was the first " In Genius oj Liberty, Vol. I, no. x. INTRODUCTION Ixv abolition paper in the state, the first of a considerable num- ber, most of which originated between 1842 and 1850." The Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, who had been forced to leave St. Louis because of his abolitionist utterances, arrived at Alton with a press and an intention to establish a newspaper, or to conduct at that point the one that he was not allowed to continue at St. Louis. Many citizens at Alton resented the idea of an abolition paper in that place, and on the night after the arrival of the press, threw it into the Mississippi. At a public meeting held on the next day Mr. Lovejoy assured that people that they had mistaken his motives, that he had intended to establish a religious, not an anti-slavery newspaper; he asserted his personal antagonism to slavery, but denied that he was an aboli- tionist. These statements were taken as a pledge by those citizens who felt that they had a right to receive in advance a pledge as to what kind of doctrine Lovejoy was to print in his news- paper. "Upon this condition," says Ford,'" "he was per- mitted to set up the Alton Observer without opposition." The editor had no idea of assenting to such a condition, but for some time he conducted the Observer as a religious paper, opposed to slavery, but not abolition in tone. Gradually his own views changed, however, and within a year he was foremost in Illinois abolition councils. A meeting of anti- abolitionists resolved that Lovejoy had broken his pledge and was threatening the peace of the community. A com- mittee impressed those resolutions upon him, to which he answered with a denial of having given a pledge, and con- tended for right to freedom of discussion. To this his " See p. Ixxv. '» History of Illinois, 234-235. Ixvi ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS critics replied on September 21 by throwing his press and type into the Mississippi. A state anti-slavery meeting was held at Upper Alton on September 27 for the purpose of forming an anti-slavery society, but as the call included all friends of free discussion, the anti-abolitionists made the meeting futile. Another was held on October 28, at which it was voted to order a new press. News of this act brought on another mass meeting at which was discussed not the right to require an editor to promise in advance what he intends to say, but whether or not he had kept such a promise, and what he intended to do in the future. Lovejoy asserted that he would advocate what doctrines he wished; his opponents resolved that he should not advocate abolition. With matters in that posture the press arrived, and was placed in a warehouse, where it was guarded by Lovejoy and others. In an attack on the warehouse Lovejoy and one of his opponents were killed. The press was thrown into the river, and the paper was not again printed in Alton. "After the violence of feeling had somewhat subsided," remarks Ford," "both parties were indicted for their crimes arising out of these transactions, and all were acquit- ted; making it a matter of record that in fact the aboli- tionists had not provoked an assault ; that there had been no mob; and that no one had been kiUed or wounded." This °' History oj Illinois, 245. For contemporary accounts of this aflfair see Wil- liam S. Lincoln, Alton Trials, New York, 1838; Rev. Edward Beecher, Narrative of Riots at Alton, Alton, 1838; also Henry Tanner, Martyrdom oj Lovejoy, Chicago, 1881. Harris, ISTegro Servitude in Illinois, 68-98, reviews the event and its results, giving on p. 96 n. an incomplete list of papers which deplored the riot, and saying : " In IlUnois the effect of the rioting at Alton upon the anti-slavery cause was not at once apparent. There was a small public meeting in Chicago, which condemned the assault on the warehouse as a blow at the freedom of the press. This and the censure of a few papers Uke the Peoria Register were the only protests against the outrage. In fact, few people in the state cared to raise their voices in condemnation of the deed — such was the disrepute in which the abolitionists were then held." For its effect at the center of abolitionist agitation see William Lloyd Garrison, The Story oj His Lije, Vol. 2, pp. 182-192. INTRODUCTION Ixvii verdict was reached in spite of the fact that the evidence showed that each accused individual had been present when Lovejoy was killed, and that most of them had had weapons of some sort in then- hands."^ The Observer was not the only paper suppressed in the course of the slavery struggle in Illinois, as will appear in another section; but Lovejoy was the only editor killed in such afifaurs, and his death, more than his or other anti- slavery paper, gave coherence and impetus to the aboli- tion movement. The period ending m 1840, with a total of fifty-three papers, showed little development in the character of the newspapers of the ordinary type. They were still strongly poUtical and partizan; there had been no noticeable im- provement in tone; no great editors had appeared, although such men as John York Sawyer, John Bailhache, J. M. Peck, John Russell, and S. S. Brooks, besides Hooper War- ren and others who had figured in the previous period, raised a part of the press of Illinois weU above the level of medioc- rity. In the beginnings of religious, literary, and some other special forms, indications of progress were to be seen, but the chief growth had been numerical and geographical. Although many immigrants had come, and many thousands of idle acres had been tilled, pioneer conditions still pre- vailed, and nothing could have been more uncouth and violent than the newspapers in the campaign of 1840, with which this period closed. FROM 1841 TO i860 Three important movements affected the character and growth of newspapers in the period from 1840 to i860. °^ Harris, Negro Servitude in Illinois, 95. Ixviii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS These were the introduction of the telegraph, the coming of the railroad, and the political shifts and realignments that led to the forming of the Republican party organization in Illinois in 1856, and eventually to the nomination of Lincoln. The first two combined to bring about a revolution in economic conditions in the newspaper industry; the third brought to a close an epoch of political chaos among the papers, and established a pretty definite basis of classifica- tion. There were fifty- two papers in the state in 1840. In the score of years following, a total of seven hundred and thirty-one others, at least, were begun. In i860 two hundred and eighty-six remained, showing a net increase of two hun- dred thirty-four, in spite of the great mortality. The most striking effect of the introduction of the tele- graph and the railroad was that which it had in promoting the establishment and growth of daily papers. It is a truism weU known to newspaper publishers that as soon as the population of a town becomes large enough to support one daily journal, two are started. The relation of popula- tion to the beginnings of Illinois dailies is of course not to be overlooked; the other less obvious, but more suggestive and almost equally important relation warrants consideration. The telegraph preceded the railroad in IlUnois, despite the internal improvement act of 1837, under which the state undertook to build about one thousand three hundred and forty miles of railroad. As a result of this act a road was built eastward from Meredosia, and the first locomotive in the state was put in use November 8, 1838. The line reached Springfield in 1842; but the engines deteriorated and were abandoned; mules were substituted; and the whole prop- erty was sold in 1847.°' The teal introduction of railroads "^ W. K. Ackerman, Early Illinois Railroads, Fergus Hist. Ser. No. 23. INTRODUCTION Ixix came three years later. The telegraph reached the state by two routes in the same year, 1848; one from Philadelphia, Pittsburg, and Cincinnati to St. Louis, touched at the southern part of the state; the other from New York, by way of Cleveland, Toledo, and Detroit, tapped Chicago. The network of Knes that spread over the state from 1840 to 1850 was built by Henry C. O'Reilly, as a part of his great Atlantic and Mississippi lines." Starting from St. Louis, these were extended to Alton, Jacksonville, Jerseyville, CarroUton, Springfield, Peoria, Delavan, Peru, Chillicothe, Henry, Ottawa, Morris, Lockport, and thence to Chicago, where connection was made with the Hne built by Ezra Cornell along the lakes. Another Hne from St. Louis con- nected Beardstown, RushvUle, Sterling, Quincy, Rock Island, Dixon, and Galena, as well as small intermediate points."^ By 1850 every important town in Illinois was in telegraphic connection with Chicago and the eastern cities, and Chicago newspapers regularly contained in brief form the news of the previous day from all over the east. RaUroad construction in lUinois reaUy began in 1850, in which year a line was put in operation between Chicago and Elgin; and later continued to Freeport. In 1852 the Michigan Central, the first line to connect Illinois with the East, entered Chicago. The work of construction on the Illinois Central was begun in 185 1 and completed to Cairo in 1856; a line from Alton to Springfield was completed in 1853; and from Springfield to Johet in 1854. By i860 most of the principal towns were to be reached by railroads. The rapidity with which they were built is suggested by the fact that in February, 1852, there were ninety-five miles of " Alexander Jones, Historical Sketch of the Electric Telegraph, 79. " Drown, Record and Historical View of Peoria, 1850, p. 122. Ixx ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS road in the state; two years later there were one thousand miles; at the end of 1855 two thousand four hundred ten; and in another year, two thousand seven hundred sixty-one. How closely the dailies followed the telegraph may be seen by comparing the foregoing statements with the fol- lowing list: Illinois Dailies (Downstate) Town Paper When Established Quincy, Daily Morning Courier September 13, 1845 Springfield, Illinois State Journal (d. ed.) 1845 Galena, Daily Advertiser "' January i, 1848 Peoria, Daily Register June 16, 1848 Springfield, State Register (d. ed.) January 2, 1849 Peoria, Champion 1849 Quincy, Herald (d. ed.) 1849 Quincy, Journal 1851 Dixon, Telegraph 1851 Quincy, Tribune 1852 Quincy, Whig (d. ed.) 1852 Peoria, Daily Morning News May 26, 1852 Alton, Telegraph May 24, 1852 Alton, Courier May 29, 1852 Peru, Chronicle (d. ed.) 1853 Belleville, Eagle 1853 Belleville, Zeitung 1853 Peoria, Republican January 17, 1853 Peoria, Democratic Press 1854 Bloomington, Pantagraph June 19, 1854 Carlyle, Daily Democrat 1854 Rock Island, Argus 1854 Jacksonville, Consiitutionist 1854 Springfield, Enterprise 1854 Dixon, Daily Whisper 1855 Rock Island, Daily Commercial 1855 Rock Island, Advertiser September 13, 1855 Peoria, Transcript December 17, 1855 Decatur, Gazette 1856 Galena, Daily Courier January, 1856 ™ E. A. Snively, Trans. III. State Hist. Soc, No. 9, p. 207, gives the title as Galena Gazette, and the date, June i, 1847. But v. 4, no. 117 of Galena Advertiser (d) is dated October 15, 1851, and other accounts give 1848. INTRODUCTION Ixxi Not all these papers afford such apt evidence of the close relation of the telegraph to the dailies as does j:he Peoria Register. That paper was started on the same day the telegraph line was opened between Peoria and St. Louis, and the first despatch between the two towns was sent by the editor of the Register to the editor of the St. Louis Repub- lican." Li Chicago, the first daUy, the American, was established on April 9, 1839, the second in 1840. In the period 1841- 1860, inclusive, twenty-eight were begun, including one daily "price current"; of these, ten were stiU published in i860. According to compilations made at the various dates, the number of dailies in the state was: 1840 Downstate i Chicago 2 Total 3 1850 Downstate 3 Chicago 5 Total 8 1854 Downstate 13 Chicago 7 Total 20 1856 Downstate 10 Chicago 7 Total 17 i860 Downstate 13 Chicago 10 Total 23 This was a formative period of newspapers, as of politics. The violence of party strife which marred the newspapers before and in the campaign of 1840 was not soon mitigated. The Chicago press had shown as yet but a few of the qual- ities which were developed later. "It was stUl in its in- fancy, and an infancy by no means respectable." "^ In 1848 John L. Scripps bought a third interest in the Chicago Tribune, and from that date one may fairly say that the Chicago papers began to take on something of tone and character, given to them directly or indirectly by the dig- nified labor of Scripps. He originated the first distinctive review of the markets of Chicago; he gave distinction and influence to the editorial, and extended the scope of the news " Bess, Eine Populare Geschkhte ier Stadt Peoria, 195. «« William Brass, History 0} Chicago, 81. Ixxii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS service. In the winter of 1851-1852 the Whigs of Chicago had a controlling interest in the Tribune. Scripps was a Free-Soiler, and something of a Democrat, so he sold his share in the Tribune, and with William Bross started the Democratic Press, through which he continued to act as a tonic to the press of the city. The Democratic Press was Free-Soil, but supported Douglas untU the Kansas-Neb- raska question drove it, in 1856, into the Republican party, and two years later, into the Tribune, which Charles H. Ray made, within this period, the best paper in Illinois, and which increased in prestige under Horace Wbite and Joseph Medill, until it ranked high in American journalism. Although the press' was increasing in efficiency, espe- cially through the estabhshment of such pubHcations as the Tribune and the Prairie Farmer, and papers at Bloomington, Princeton, Peoria, Quincy, and Belleville, the general tone, especially of the political press, was still in the greater part violent and partisan. Amid the clatter of party discussions, however, there arose early in the period signs of reaction, of protest, of a demand for rational consideration of politics instead of party affairs. The demand was neither wide- spread nor loudly voiced, for the general public was far from desiring independent newspapers but individuals, and even communities, were moving in that direction. At Jacksonville, then the most cultured community in the State, the lUinoisan had, just before the close of the previous decade, shown better qualities than generally prevailed, but it had passed to the hands of WilKam Hodge in the early forties, and had sunk to the common level. In its place there arose a short-lived but significant independent paper. "At the suggestion of many friends," Jonathan Baldwin INTRODUCTION Ixxiii Turner began on April 29, 1843, to publish the Illinois Statesman, and established a fair claim to having set up the first whoUy independent newspaper in Illinois. So far as independence was concerned, no one in the state was better equipped than he. Of unusual natural ability, he was weU educated, strong minded, and absolutely unafraid of either men or ideas. When in an early number of his paper he said, "It is well known that on many points, both of politics and morals, we disagree with all parties now extant," he made mild acknowledgment of a fact to which every one who knew him would testify. What the States- man was to strive for is suggested by certain passages from the prospectus: "The present depression of the public mind is known and felt by aU. . . . It is believed that good men of aU parties are anxious, candidly and earnestly to enquire for the true causes and remedies of present ills, and to seek some sure foundation of future action and future hope. ... In a word, how can we secure to our- selves harmony, peace, and prosperity at home, and re- spectability abroad — as a community, as a state, and as a nation? . . . We all know but too well, that speculation, ofl&ceseeking, demagogues and party spirit, have conspired to plunge us into the gulph. . . . Hence this paper can be devoted to the interests of no party what- ever, political, moral, social, or ecclesiastical." Neither was it to attack any party, as such. So, in the face of a generally expressed belief, "that none but a violent, factious, party paper could be sustained" in Jacksonville, the new paper was begun. But success was from the first clearly impossible. Turner was a pamphleteer, not a journalist. He had no editorial experience, and little interest, even for that day, in a news- Ixxiv ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS paper for the sake of news. Under the head of " Crimes and Casualties" he printed:" "Our paper is small, and if our readers wUl for the present just have the goodness to imagine a certain due proportion of fires, tornadoes, murders, thefts, robberies and bully fights, from week to week, it will do just as well, for we can assure them they actually take place." Such a news service would have satisfied Thoreau, but did not content the subscribers. On the other hand, the edi- torial department was strong. The Quincy Whig commented facetiously on one of Mr. Turner's thirteen-column edi- torials, and was told in reply that the actual length was but eleven columns. These editorials dealt carefuUy and logi- cally, but vigorously and sometimes caustically, with current political topics — slavery, the tariff, and banks — always considered morally or economically, without regard to parties. Agriculture and education were given much attention. The editor flatly refused to write "puffs" for advertisers. In the second number a great national news- paper at Washington was proposed, to represent both politi- cal parties, page and page alike. This was to be supple- mented by similar papers at each state capital. "The constitution provides for catching runaway negroes, but it makes no provision for informing free white men," thus leaving the press and the people in the hands of demagogues and factions. The national bi-party paper was to "miti- gate the ferocity of party zeal," and protect the public from low ribaldry, sophistry, and abuse. Of course the Statesman did not "succeed," and it was discontinued at the end of one year; but it is significant, even in failure, as having thus early voiced a protest still heard, and as having striven for an ideal still but partly achieved. ™On July 17, 1843. INTRODUCTION Ixxv The free-soil movement in Illinois gave rise to a number of newspapers between 1842 and 1854. The movement may be said to have centered around the series of papers which included Genius of Universal Emancipation, Genius of Liberty, and Free West, and which were fairly entitled to be called the mouthpieces of the free-soil and abolition movement in the state. But by 1845 others had sprung up, and by 1848, when Van Buren was supported by an imposing list of able and important papers, including the Chicago Tribune, free-soil organs were fairly numerous.'" On the breaking up of the Whig party a number of news- papers, like many individuals, found difl&culty in placing themselves. The Whigs, like the Democrats in Illinois, were divided in two factions. Many Whigs felt that if they were to remain true to their principles, they could not cor- dially unite with any party then in existence ; '' and many felt that no genuine Whig could join a party founded on the '" Liberty and Free-Soil papers in Illinois are enumerated as follows by Mr. T. C. Smith in his "Liberty and Free-Soil Parties in the Northwest" (Appendix B, p. 320): 1837 Alton, Observer E. P. Lovejoy 1838-39 Lowell, Genius of Universal Emancipation B. Lundy 1840-4Z Lowell, Genius of Liberty Z. Eastman 1842-54 Chicago, Western Citizen (with a daily edition, the Daily News, 1845; and another, the Uoi/ji rim«, 1852). .. .. .Z. Eastman 1848 Chicago, Tribune T. Stewart 1848 Waukegan, Lake County Chronicle A. B. Tobey 1848-50 Rockford, Free Press H. W. DePuy 1849 Waukegan, Free Democrat N. W. Fuller 1850-54 Sparta, Freeman (later. Journal) I. S. Coulter 1853-54 Galesburg, Western Freeman W. J. Lane Other names are those of the Alton Monitor, Geneva Western Mercury, Prince- ton Bureau Advocate, Quincy Tribune, and Peru Telegraph, all in 1848. There was one German paper, the Chicago Staats-Zeitung, 1848, and one Norwe^an Frihets Banneret, 1852. There were probably many other ephemeral Free-Soil sheets in 1848; but their activity was so brief that they sank at once into oblivion, along with the pledges of the Illinois " Barnburners." To Smith's list may be added the Belleville Freiheitsbote fUr Illinois, 1840; Alton Truth-Seeker, 1845-46; Elgin Western Christian, 1845; Little Fort Lake County Visiter, 1847; Greenville Barnburner, 1849; Galesburg Free Democrat, 1854; and Waukegan Freeman's Advocate, 1854-55- " Ormsby, History of the Whig Party, 354. Ixxvi ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS slavery question." Because of the unusual lack of homo- geneity in the state, coalition of free Whigs and free Demo- crats was considerably retarded. In spite of the popular revolt against Douglas and his bill, neither the free Democrats nor the free Whigs soon seized the opportunity to lead in forming a coalition party, and the free Democrats finally played comparatively little part in the Republican movement in Illinois." When the Nebraska biU was passed the Democratic Chicago Courant declared: "The political landmarks can no longer be Whig or Democratic, Free-Soil or Abolitionist, but must be merged into the two great parties, South and North." In certain localities the free Democrats indicated readi- ness to form a new party, and a caU was issued for a con- vention in Springfield on October 4 and 5. The meeting proved fruitless, however, and "in this campaign, therefore, the Illinois Free Democrats lost their identity as a party," '* as well as their opportunity to assume leadership in forming a new one. The Illinois Whigs were extremely conservative. While the formation of state Republican organizations in Michigan, Wisconsin, and elsewhere was going on in 1854, the Illinois State Journal advised against abandoning the Whig organi- zation, and its advice was followed." Hence Illinois had no Republican organization in 1854, although the de- mand for one was voiced by local conventions at Princeton and elsewhere which declared in favor of organizing. Two years later, in the absence of any party machinery, a " Ormsby, History oj the Whig Party, 358. " T. C. Smith, Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Northwest, 290, 294, 295 " Ibid. " F. A. Flower, History of the Republican Party, 206. INTRODUCTION Ixxvii number of anti-Nebraska editors of the state held a prelimi- nary convention at Decatur on February 22, 1856. Early in January there had appeared in the Morgan Journal of Jacksonville, edited by Paul Selby, a suggestion for the holding of such a convention to agree on a policy for the approaching campaign. John Moses printed in the Chronicle of Winchester the first endorsement of the idea; the Illinois State Chronicle of Decatur followed, and sug- gested Decatur as the meeting place. After some further ratification a formal call was issued, bearing the endorse- ments of twenty-five papers: Morgan Journal, Jacksonville Fultonian, Vermont Chronicle, Winchester Journal, Quincy Illinois State Chronicle, Decatur Beacon, Freeport Whig, Quincy Pantagraph, Bloomington Pike County Free Press, Pittsfield Trtie Democrat, Joliet Gazette, Lacon Telegraph, Lockport Tribune, Chicago Gazette, Kankakee Stoats Zeitung, Chicago Guardian, Aurora Republican, Oquawka Gazette, Waukegan Republican, Peoria Chronicle, Peoria Prairie State, Danville Advocate, Belleville Advertiser, Rock Island Journal, Chicago Journal, Sparta As a result of this call a dozen persons were present at the opening meeting, including Dr. Charles H. Ray, Chicago Tribune; George Schneider, Chicago Staats Zeitung; V. Y. Ralston, Quincy Whig; O. P. Wharton, Rock Island Adver- tiser; Thomas J. Pickett, Peoria Republican; E. C. Daugh- erty, Rockford Register; E. W. Blaisdell, Rockford Repub- lican; Charles Faxon, Princeton Post; A. N. Ford, Lacon Gazette; B. F. Shaw, Dixon Telegraph; W. J. Usrey, De- catur Chronicle; Paul Selby, Morgan Journal. Paul Selby Ixxviii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS was made chairman and W. J. Usrey, secretary. The only outsider admitted to the deliberations of the convention was Abraham Lincoln, who was in conference nearly all day with the committee on resolutions, made up of Messrs. Ray, Schneider, Ralston, Wharton, Daugherty, and Pickett. This committee drafted a platform and appointed a state central committee, on the call of which the first Republican state convention in Illinois was held at Bloomington, May 29, 1856." The great series of debates between Lincoln and Douglas, and the other political movements centering in these two men and leading to the nomination of Lincoln at Chicago, make the Illinois newspapers between 1856 and i860 im- portant sources of the history of a most critical national era. Through the newspapers have been preserved most of the speeches made by Lincoln all over the state in those years; yet the instances are many in which the papers reported in detail the reception of Lincoln, the procession to the fair- grounds, the menu of the picnic dinner, and recounted the incident in which Lincoln insisted on yielding his seat of honor to some humble admirer, but gave no word of his address except to mention for how many minutes or hours he spoke. This is true even of some of that large class made up of first papers to suggest Abraham Lincoln for the presidency. Nothing short of a history of political parties in Illinois would serve to present the situation in the state between 1854 and the war. Nor is it possible to set forth in detail the way in which the newspapers reflected the shaping of political affairs. In general it may be said, however, that '° This account of the Decatur and Bloomington meetings is based on a letter dated January 2, 1910, from Mr. Paul Selby to the writer, and on Mr. Selby's article in the Chicago Tribune of February 22, 1906. INTRODUCTION Ixxix in Illinois Whig papers became Republican, and Demo- cratic papers, less generally, remained Democratic." In the border states many Whig papers became Democratic, including the St. Louis Republican, which circulated largely in southern Illinois, and the Louisville, Kentucky, Journal. There were some such changes in Illinois. The Jackson- ville Sentinel changed from Whig to Democratic in 1856; the Knoxville Journal and Clinton Courier, formerly Inde- pendent, became Democratic in 1855, the Decatur Gazette made the same change in 1856, the Pana Herald in 1858; and the Pekin Tazewell Register, which had been Republi- can, altered to Democratic in the same year, as did the Peoria Transcript in 1859. ^^ the other hand, the breach in the Democratic ranks, especially in the northern part of the state, was more marked. The Galena Jeffersonian, then under the editorship of Dr. Charles H. Ray, afterwards editor of the Chicago Tribune, took strong ground against the Kansas-Nebraska bill, though it afterward drifted back into the ranks of the Douglas Democracy. But many staunch Democratic papers revolted at that measure. Even the Southern Illinoisan, of Shawneetown, left Douglas on that point, and became Republican. Likewise the Aurora Guardian, Belvidere Standard, Peoria Banner, Canton Reg- ister, BeUeviUe Advocate, and the influential German paper, Belleville Zeitung, altered their afl&liations between 1856 " The situation in 1856 is thus described by Gustav Koerner: "Nearly all prominent Northern Democrats had joined the Republican party, as well as a great majority of the former Whigs. Nearly all the leading papers advocated the Repub- lican ticket, the Chicago Tribune, the Evening Journal, the German Staats Zeitung. In the middle of the state it was quite different. A great many of the Whigs, who had come from the Southern states, turned Democrats on the slavery question. It was only in a few counties [in the southern part] such as Madison, and above all St. Claii, that the large majority of the Democrats joined the Republican party, and this was largely owing to the preponderance of the German vote. The most southern part of the state was almost unanimous against the Republicans." Memoirs, II, 22. Ixxx ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS and 1858 from Democratic, either to Free-Soil and then to Repubhcan, or directly to Republican. These are but isolated instances of changes either way. A large number of hitherto independent papers were drawn to one side or the other. Apparently in this the Republican forces had the advantage. In the starting of new papers, on the contrary, and perhaps partly as a result of defections from the ranks of Democratic papers, the Democrats out- numbered the Republicans, in 1857, 1858, and 1859, ^.t a ratio of about two to one. A large number of these papers were brief campaign affairs, however, and they did not materially change the ratio as far as permanent papers were concerned. FROM 1861 TO 1870 The CivU War greatly affected the newpapers and the newspaper situation, and set in motion certain developments that were not fully worked out until after the close of the period with which this paper deals. The stress and conflict of public opinion, and popular anxiety for news from the armies and from Washington not only revolutionized the practice of reporting and revised the form and makeup of papers ; it made dailies out of weeklies, and overcame pious scruples against Sunday editions.''' The immediate effect was on circulation. The papers of the larger towns and especially of Chicago were affected very advantageously. The circulation of the Tribune rose from 18,000 in 1861 to 40,000 in 1864, and other papers showed like increases. John Wentworth, who, in a panic at the prospect of war, sold his Democrat lest he should be ™ For points in this and the preceding section the writer is indebted to Mr. Paul ' Selby, of Chicago, Mr. Ensley Moore, of Jacksonville, Mr. Horace White of New York City, and Mr. J. W. Merritt of Springfield. INTRODUCTION Ixxxi ruined, saw that journal help to swell the increasing tide of subscriptions to a height hardly thought of before. The war put the Chicago newspapers for the first time on a really money-making basis. Those outside of Chicago, located in the larger towns and sufficiently well established to take advantage of the desire for immediate news in detail, were also given a fresh impetus. There were few dailies in the state outside of Chicago, and none of them could compete with those of that city and St. Louis in furnishing news from the front and from Wash- ington. "We had no daily here till 1866," writes a citizen " of Jacksonville, "so our people got the State Journal or Register for breakfast, the St. Louis papers for dinner, at one time, and the Chicago papers for supper." The Chi- cago and St. Louis papers gained at that time a circulation all over the state which they have never lost. Yet the larger daUies throughout the state held their own, and received their share of prosperity. Smaller papers, or papers in the smaller towns not able to get telegraphic news, or not favorably situated for receiving news promptly from other sources, suffered both from the competition of papers of the larger towns and from the great rise in the price of paper, which came as a direct result of war. The numerical status of newspapers in the state was seriously affected. The two causes just mentioned, and others, operated to decrease the number of papers, and as a result, we find a situation of unexampled prosperity on the one hand, and of poverty, decline, and extinction on the other. Beginning with 1861 there was a sharp decUne in ™ Mr. Ensley Moore. Ixxxii ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS , the annual number of papers started. From 1854 to i860 inclusive there was no year in which fewer than thirty-six were begun in the state outside of Chicago. In 1859 and in i860 the number was forty-four. In 1861 just half as many appeared, and the three following years showed eighteen, twenty-six, and thirty-three respectively. Not untU 1865, with forty-five new papers, did the rate of increase reach normal. In the towns outside of Chicago a notable exception to this general depression was Cairo, which, as an important troop station and a gateway to the south, saw its greatest newspaper activity between 1861 and 1865. All told, one hundred and forty-four downstate papers were started in the war years. In the same years a total of one hundred and fifty-five papers went out of business permanently or were suspended until after the war, so that at the close of 1865, in spite of the forty-five started in that year, there were fewer in the state than at the beginning of 1861. Many were abandoned by their editors or publishers, who went into the army; others, by the same means left in incompetent hands, soon failed. No inconsiderable num- ber had taken so vigorous a stand on the losing side that they could neither hold their own against or foUow the turning tide of public S3anpathy. This was especially true in the southern part of the state, where public opinion was power- fully influenced by the conduct of John A. Logan and John A. McClernand. Some of these Democratic papers became Republican; more stayed in the party, but advocated the Union cause; a considerable number were unable to convince their subscribers that a newspaper, like an indi- vidual, may in aU sincerity change its fealty, and so were snuffed out; stiU others steadfastly held to their earlier principles, but expounded them moderately. INTRODUCTION Ixxxiii Forcible discontinuance or interruption was the lot of at least eight papers as a direct result of radical expressions of opinion. Papers at Bloomington, Chester, Chicago, Jonesboro, Maroa, Mason, Mendota, and Olney were attacked by mobs or authorities, and in some cases the plants were destroyed. The attempt of General Burnside to sup- press the Chicago Times is the most important instance in Illinois of oflS.cial action against newspapers in the exciting daj^ of civU conflict. After the proclamation of emancipation had been issued the Times was so bitter in its denunciation of the adminis- tration that the paper soon earned the designation of "cop- perhead sheet," and aroused an intense hostility against it and its owner. General Ambrose E. Burnside, in command of the Department of the Northwest, with headquarters at Cincinnati, issued an order for the suppression of the Times, and the commander at Camp Douglas was charged with the execution of the order. On the morning of June 3, 1863, soldiers marched into the press-room and took possession of the establishment. About eight thousand papers had been printed, a part of which were destroyed, but the larger part of which were issued. No edition was permitted on June 4. A great mass meeting was held in the Court- house Square on the evening of June 3, in advocacy of free speech and a free press. A meeting was also held during the day in the circuit court room, at which a petition to the President to revoke the order was signed by all present, in- cluding many prominent Republicans and business men; and Senator Lyman Trumbull and Isaac N. Arnold tele- graphed personally to Mr. Lincoln to the same effect. The order was revoked June 4, and publication was resumed on June 5. The policy of the Times was not changed; Ixxxiv ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS its circulation, as General Grant had foreseen, was aug- mented by ofificial interference.'" The first downstate paper to encounter opposition by- force was the Mendota Times, established in 1859 by a Mr. Fisk as a Democratic and pro-slavery sheet. Early in 1861 Fisk was declared to be a copperhead and was forced by a recruiting company to make a speech for the Union and to haul up a Union flag. Threatened with worse treatment, he '" Andrea,s, History of Chicago, Vol. 2, p. 495 ; Rhodes, IV, 253-254. The action of General Burnside, although at once revoked by President Lin- coln, was by no means precipitate ; and it was in accord, in spirit at least, with the feeling of many other ofl&cials, both civil and military. As early as June 25, 1862, Governor Morton of Indiana wrote to Secretary of War Stanton of an organization of disaffected citizens in Indiana who he believed were likely to cause trouble by carrying out their purpose to circulate and encourage "newspapers of extremely doubtful loyalty," including the Chicago Times. On August 7, 1862, Governor Yates wrote to Secretary Stanton: "There is an urgent and almost unanimous demand from the loyal citizens that the Chicago Times should be immediately suppressed for giving aid and comfort to the enemy. I solicit an immediate answer. Do not delay, for I fear the people will take into their hands the power which should only be used under the authority of your department." Major Generals C. S. Hamilton and Stephen A. Hurlbut on February 8, 1863, issued orders prohibiting the circulation of the Chicago Times in their commands. General Grant, writing to Hurlbut February 13, 1863, concerning this order, ex- pressed what was probably the general feeling of Union army officers on the subject: " I have seen your General Orders, No. 4, February 8, prohibiting the circulation of the Chicago Tj^nes within your command. There is no doubt but that paper, with several others published in the North, should have been suppressed long since by authority from Washington. As this has not been done, I doubt the propriety of suppressing its circulation in any one command. The paper would still find its way into the hands of the enemy, through other channels, and do all the mischief it is now doing. "This course is also calculated to give the paper a notoriety evidently sought, and which probably would increase the sale of it. I would direct, therefore, that General Orders, No. 4, be revoked." The order of Major General Burnside (General Orders No. 84) was issued on June I, 1863, to prohibit the circulation of the New York World in the Department of the Ohio, and to stop the publication of the Times. That part relating to the Chicago paper was worded: " On account of the repeated expression of disloyal and incendiary sentiments, the publication of the newspaper known as the Chicago Times is hereby suppressed." Brigadier General Jacob Ammen, commanding the District of Illinois was charged with executing that order. On June 4 Secretary Stanton issued General Order No. 91, directed to General Burnside : " By direction of the President of the United States, the order suppress- ing the publication of the Chicago Times is hereby revoked." This order of revocation was issued in response very largely to the resolutions sent on June 3, from Chicago, signed by fourteen prominent citizens, including Mayor F. C. Sherman, INTRODUCTION Ixxxv soon abandoned his paper and disappeared." The next paper to suffer was the Bloomington Times, which under the care of J. and B. F. Snow showed such marked Southern proclivities and uttered so many expressions of sympathy for the Southern states that a McLean County regiment (94th Illinois Volunteers), abetted by prominent citizens, destroyed the office, type, and press and incidentally the paper. This occurred in August, 1862.'' A temporary suppression without violence or material damage was en- forced against the Jonesboro Gazette in the spring of 1863- Lieutenant- Colonel Joseph H. Newbold was sent to Jones- boro with a part of the 14th Iowa Volunteer Infantry to and endorsed : "We respectfully ask for the above [resolutions] the serious and prompt consideration of the President. Lyman Trumbull, Isaac M. Arnold." President Lincoln's attitude is explained and other points are suggested by a letter from the President to Arnold, dated May 25, 1865 : "In regard to the order of General Burnside suspending the Chicago Times, now nearly a year ago, I can only say I was embarrassed with the question between what was due to the military service on the one hand, and the liberty of the press on the other, and I believe it was the despatch of Senator Trumbull and yourself, added to the proceedings of the meeting which it brought me, that turned the scale in favor of my revoking the order. "I am far from certain to-day that the revocation was not right; and I am very sure that the small part you took in it is no just ground to disparage your judgment, much less to impugn your motives. I take it that your devotion- to the Union and the administration cannot be questioned by any sincere man." Nicolay and Hay, Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, X, 108. Whether this letter indicates such feeling or not, there was much feeling that a mistake had been made in allowing the Times to continue publication. This view was forcibly expressed by the Chicago Tribune and many other papers. Reviewing, in his final report, his work as Acting Assistant Provost Marshal General in Illinois, James Oakes wrote, August 9, 1865 : "But the grand cause — the only really guilty and formidable source of the dangers through which Illinois has passed — is to be found in the steady streams of political poison and arrant treason which have been permitted to flow from the wicked, reckless, and debauched newspaper press of the state. "... Chief among these instigators of insurrection and treason, the foul and damnable reservoir which supplied the lesser sewers with political filth, falsehood, and treason, has been the Chicago Times." For official communications here cited, see Official Records, War of the Rebellion, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pp. 381, 38s, 386; Vol. 24, pp. 41, 5°; Ser. Ill, Vol. 3, p. 252; Vol. s, pp- 837, 838. "■ History of LaSalle County, Illinois (2 vols., Chi., 1886), I, 375. '2 History of McLean County, Illinois (Chicago, 1879), p. 298. Ixxxvi ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS gather up and return to the service a number of deserters from the 109th lUinois who had returned to their homes. His work was seriously impeded by the radical utterances of the Gazette, which, hke a majority of its constituents, was bitterly against the war. Consequently he closed the office during the six weeks of his stay. Colonel Newbold so conducted himself, however, as to make many warm friends, and helped materially to change local sentiment toward the Government. As a resident of Jonesboro, still living, has written, "the episode turned out very well." The Loyalist, an extreme advocate of abolitionism, was established by George Brewster at Mason, Effingham County, in AprU, 1863. His radical utterances caused bitter feeling, and in nine months resulted in his being forced to leave. He was allowed to remove his establishment. The Picket Guard of Chester suffered more severely on the other side. Johii R. Shannon, the editor, found fault vituper- atively with the measures adopted to suppress the rebellion. He became so extremely abusive that a body of soldiers broke into the office in July, 1864, and threw the type into the streets. The press was not seriously injured, and the ofl&ce was refitted.'^ At Olney the Democratic press was broken up by a mob of soldiers and its publication was dis- continued. A similar explosion of wrath at Maroa hung fire until 1867. There one T. J. Sharp began a Democratic Times, in January. His published expressions of discontent with the results of the war brought him into collision with various citizens, by whom he was badly beaten on November 27 and ordered to leave town. He did so, leaving also his printing equipment.'* Other papers than these mentioned "^ History of Randolph, Monroe, and Perry Counties, Illinois (1883), p. 197. '* Counties of Cumberland, Jasper, and Richland, Illinois, Historical and Biographical (1884), p. 658. INTRODUCTION Ixxxvii escaped similar treatment by temporary suspensions or by change of editors or policies. Several instances of threatened violence to editors or their estabhshments which occurred previous to this time are mentioned here for want of a better place. The earliest, probably, was that in Vandalia in February, 1823, which has already been discussed.'' The Illinois Republican at Springfield, an energetic Democratic paper to which Stephen A. Douglas as a young man was a contributor, was, in 1837, twice attacked by a mob, of which the sheriff of the county was a member. The mob was prevented from doing destruc- tion only by the vigorous defense offered by the Webers, owners of the property.'" In June, 1841, Ogle County "regulators" shot to death John and William DriscoU, two notorious horse thieves and outlaws. Philander Knappen, editor of the Rockford Star, denounced the execution edi- torially and printed a communication of similar import. Soon afterward three citizens, with the approval of pubHc opinion, made pi of aU t)rpe in the ofl&ce. Knappen aban- doned journaUsm in Rockford. The destruction of the ofl&ce equipment of the Nauvoo Expositor, though the result of a factional disturbance among the Mormons, and not connected with any general " See p. xlvii, note. *" A bit of the reminiscences of an old settler, published in 187 1 and quoted in History of Sangamon County, Illinois (188 1), pp. 225-224: In 1837 Dr. Henry was one of the commissioners superintending the construc- tion of the new State House in Springfield and a frequent contributor to the Sangamo Journal. Stephen A. Douglas was at the same time writing for the Illinois Repub- lican and in several anonymous articles he attacked Dr. Henry and his official work. A committee of friends of Henry called upon the editor of the Journal to demand the name of the author, but the editor dispersed them with a vigorous use of his fists. Douglas, who witnessed the affair, wrote a highly colored account which the paper published. As a result the office was attacked by a mob, led by the sheriff, on two successive days, June 27 and 28, 1837, but the proprietors, with Douglas and other friends, beat them off. The sheriff was stabbed in the fray on the second day, fainted, and was carried home. That ended the riots. "These things gave notoriety to the paper." Ixxxviii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS stress of public opinion, was a part of the lawlessness that resulted in the death of Joseph and Hyrum Smith. In 1844 the despotism of Joseph Smith, leader of the Mormons in Hancock County, with Nauvoo as their holy city, became unbearable to a considerable number of his followers, who revolted. In order to publish the causes of their revolt and to disclose the iniquities of Smith and his Danite band and other new ecclesiastical inventions, these men established a newspaper, the Nauvoo Expositor. The first and only issue appeared Friday, June 7, 1844. It was published by Wil- liam Law, Wilson Law, Charles Ivins, Francis M. Higbee, Chauncey L. Higbee, Robert D. Foster, and Charles A. Foster, with Sylvester Emmons as editor, and contains the preamble, resolutions, and afl&davits of the seceders from the church at Nauvoo. On June 10 the city council declared the Expositor a nuisance and directed the mayor to have the establishment removed, which he did.*' For this destructive act Joseph Smith and sixteen others were, after a week's delay, arrested on a charge of riot. "After a long and close examination they were all discharged." '* In the meantime the dissenting publishers of the Expositor, apparently not awaiting the pretty farce by which Smith's mayor and magistrate gave a resemblance of legal consider- " The order of removal was worded thus : You are hereby commanded to destroy the printing press from whence issues the Nauvoo Expositor and pi the type of said printing establishment in the street, and burn all the Expositors and libelous handbills found in said establishment, and if resistance be offered to your execution of this order, by the owners or others, demolish the house, and if any one threatens you, or the mayor, or the officers of the city, arrest those who threaten you, and fail not to execute this order without delay, and make due retjirn hereon. By order of the City Council, Joseph Smith, Mayor. In a proclamation printed in the same issue of the Neighbor, Smith deemed the paper filthy and pestilential, and its publishers a set of unprincipled scoundrels, blacklegs, counterfeiters, debauchees, and villainous demagogues. " Nauvoo Neighbor, June 19, 1844. INTRODUCTION Ixxxix ation and approval to the acts destroying the paper, had taken themselves safely away. Smith's paper records their flight by noting that the persons concerned in the Expositor have all left Nauvoo, and that the guilty fleeth when no man purstieth.*' The war played an important part not only in the changes that came in the character, number, and circulation of papers; it was more or less directly the cause of three im- portant items in the development of the machinery of news- gathering and newspaper making. These were the inven- tions of the patent inside, the organization of the business that became the Western News Company, and the formation of the Western Associated Press. In July, 1 86 1, A. N. KeUogg, pubhsher of the Baraboo, Wisconsin, Republic, finding that in consequence of the enlistment of his patriotic journeymen he would be unable to issue a fuU sheet on the regular day, ordered of the Daily Journal ofl&ce at Madison a number of half-sheet supple- ments printed on both sides with war news to fold with his own half-sheets. While mailing his edition it occurred to him that if the awkward fact of his paper's being in two pieces could be obviated an excellent paper could be regularly issued with a decided saving of labor and expense. As a consequence, he issued, on July 12, 1861, the first sheet with "patent inside." The idea was at once taken up by the Madison Journal, then by the Milwaukee Wisconsin, and in August, 1865, by Mr. Kellogg himself in Chicago. G. F. KimbaU of the Belleville Advocate began to print insides in 1866.'" By 1880 twenty-one establish- ments were supplying 3,238 papers, most of them in the '" Nauvoo Neighbor, June 19, 1844. "> Geo. P. Rowell, The Men Who Advertise, (N. Y., 1870), pp. 206-207. xc ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS western states. Although the idea originated in Wisconsin and has been developed in all parts of the country, KeUogg and Chicago have remained the center of the industry, which has grown to enormous size. As Chicago was the center of the patent inside industry, it was natural that Illinois newspapers should make more general use of the idea than those of other states. The effect was not marked in the first few years, but by the later seventies nearly one-half of the smaller country weeklies were "co-operative," to use the word by which such papers were designated in the newspaper directories. Many of them, no doubt, would not have been established had not this invention greatly reduced the cost of production. The Western News Company grew out of the system or- ganized by a young and energetic Chicago newsdealer, John R. Walsh, to buUd up a business on the increased demand for prompt delivery of newspapers and periodicals due to the war excitement. The system that now distributes nearly aU of the copies of the larger papers in the country was begun by James Gordon Bennett, with the New York Herald, in 1835. Out of his idea grew the American News Company and rivals, most of which were absorbed. Until 1861 the business of distributing not only New York, but Chicago papers was carried on by that company with headquarters in New York City. In that year, however, Walsh opened a news depot in Chicago to capture the business of the middle west,, and commenced to supply the outlpng towns of Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa. Newsdealers in those states soon found that they could get their news- papers from Walsh twelve hours earlier than from the American News Company, and twenty-four hours earUer than by mail." Walsh soon had all of the business, and kept " Andreas, History oj Chicago, II, 500-501. INTRODUCTION xci it throughout the war. By this time he was distributing fully one-half of the total issue of the Tribune and the Times.^' This competition led to negotiations which resulted, in 1866, in the absorption of his business by the older company, of which it became the first branch, with Walsh as manager. The war had brought prosperity to the Chicago papers, and had shown very clearly the need, in that news center, of a press association which would do for the Chicago and other middle western papers what the American News Association was doing for those of New York. On the initiative largely of Joseph MediU, of the Chicago Tribune, a meeting was held at Louisville, Kentucky, on November 22 and 23, 1865, at which the Western Associated Press was formed. Horace White, managing editor of the Tribune, was made a member of the executive committee. The forming of this association not only meant co-op- erative use of telegraph news among the papers that held membership, but, also through co-operation with the New York Association, it greatly broadened, at a minimum cost, the news resources of both the western and the eastern papers. Without such associations the telegraph would never have been able to keep pace with the demands of the press, and the telegraphic news service of anything like the scope attained even by 1870 would have been possible only for the largest and wealthiest papers. The effect of this organization and its successor, the Associated Press, upon the number of papers fully equipped with news service, particularly the daily papers, of course, is not to be over- looked. One direct result was to make a close corporation of the newspapers already existing in any particular place, and to render it almost impossible to start a new newspaper " Hudson, History of Journalism, 204. xcii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS that could compete with them, inasmuch as the newspaper could not get the Associated Press dispatches without their consent."^ Immediately following the close of the war there was a serious decline in newspaper prosperity. The number of papers started year by year at this time increases, but the figures do not signify healthy growth. The Chicago papers declined in circulation to a point not much beyond that of 1861, and never fully regained their circulation untU after the fire. The papers of the larger towns, owing to improved telegraphic service, the rapid growth of the towns, and other causes, did not suffer severely. The country press, on the whole, however, began then a decline in quality that has continued to a large extent to the present time. That decline is not quantitative; it does not include many of the daily papers, nor by any means all of the country weeklies in the state. But the increasing encroachment of the dailies of Chicago and the other larger cities of the state ha,ve taken away much of the prosperity and the influence of a large proportion of the country press, the quality of which has consequently declined. In spite of the various causes that operated against the newspapers between i860 and 1870, however, there was a remarkable increase in their number. The census returns for i860 show a total, of all classes, of 286, of which twenty- three were dailies, six tri- weeklies, two semi- weeklies, 238 weeklies, and seventeen monthlies." By 1870 these figures had grown to thirty-nine dailies, ten tri-weeklies, four semi- weeklies, 364 weeklies, eleven semi-monthlies, seventy-two monthlies, and three quarterlies — a total of 505, a remarkable ''Andreas, History oj Chicago, III, 706. " Kenney, in his American Newspaper Directory and Record of the Press, records 453 papers in Illinois in 1861, but his list is grossly inaccurate. INTRODUCTION . xciii increase over the 286 in i860. Perhaps the most noticeable features of this comparison are the slight increase in dailies and the great increase in monthlies. The actual numerical increase in dailies between 1850 and i860 was less by only one paper than that between i860 and 1870. The addi- tional monthly publications, largely in Chicago, were one of the indications of the growing importance of that city as a publishing center. FROM 1871 TO 1879 The very bulk of the issue of the newspaper and periodical press in the last decade to be considered makes impossible here a treatment much more than merely statistical. This was a time of great nvimerical increase; it comprehends the great Chicago fire of October, 1871 ; the dismal year of 1876, perhaps the worst in the whole history of Illinois newspapers; the rise of the daily to great importance; and the growth of the Chicago press into truly "metropolitan" proportions. The whole list for 1870 was 505.°^ The following decade more than doubled that, showing in 1880 a total of 1,017, divided into seventy-four dailies, six tri-weeklies, seventeen semi- weeklies, 758 weeklies, eighteen semi-monthlies, 118 monthlies, and twenty-two quarterlies. The number of papers in the state each year of this decade is shown by RoweU's newspaper directory to have been as follows :°° 1870, 422; 1871, 499; 1872, 518; 1873, 544; 1874, 588; 187s, 642; 1876, 707; 1877, 709; 1878, 716; 1879, 732; 1880, 832. It wUl be noticed that 1877 had but two more '^ The totals include a few semi-annual and annual publications of which no note is taken in the analysis. " In comparing these figures with those of the census reports bear in mind that Rowell's figures are made up at least six months earlier than the census figures. RoweU's number for 1871, for instance, is really for 1870. xdv ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS papers than 1876. In the United States as a whole there were one hundred and seventy-one fewer newspapers at the beginning of 1877 than there were one year earlier. "It is apparent," wrote Rowell's editor in 1877, "that the last twelve months have, in a financial sense, been unusually unsatisfactory to newspaper publishers. Partly by reason of the excitements and hopes incidental to a national election of an unaccustomed order, a sufficient number of news- papers have come into being to have maintained the total number reported in 1876, had there not been, in addition to the eventual suspension of many of the newspapers, also an unusual mortality among those already established. Journalistic prosperity, however, is not to be judged by the number of papers that are established within a given period, but by the number that maintain their existence; and the centennial year has undeniably been one of extended pecu- niary oppression among the men that publish papers." This "pecuniary oppression" seems to have dwelt most heavily on the dailies, which were reduced in number from fifty in 1876 to forty-seven in 1877. The Chicago publishing equipment was almost totally destroyed by the fire of October 9-12, 1871, in which every newspaper establishment was burned out. Yet the larger daily papers all appeared, in small sheets, within forty-eight hours. The Journal issued an extra, a small three-column sheet printed on one side, on October 9; the issue of October 10, printed at a small job office that had been spared by the flames, announced that the Evening Post would be issued that day, and that the Tribune would be issued on the next, October 11. The Inter-Ocean got out a number on October 10; the Republican and the Mail appeared on the 12th. No important daily paper suspended INTRODUCTION xcv publication permanently on account of the fire, but a number of weekly and monthly periodicals were never revived. Others, especially several that had New York offices, were moved to that city. As an early consequence of the fire, therefore, the number of pubhcations in the city was con- siderably reduced. But those that remained partook of the great revival of the city as a whole; out of the ashes grew the great and real prosperity of the Chicago dailies, and of the Chicago press in general. The increase in the daily press in this decade is important numerically. The totals for each year are: Outside of Chicago Chicago " Total 1870 23 10 33 1871 26 12 38 1872 25 II 36 1873 26 II 37 1874 25 II 36 1875 28 II 39 1876 36 14 50 1877 32 IS 47 1878 35 IS SO 1879 42 12 S4 1880 52 IS 67 »» The slow growth of daUy newspapers untU toward the end of the period contrasts sharply with their rapid increase later. In fact, the close of the decade marks the real be- ginning of their most rapid growth in the state at large. This growth is naturally affected directly by the increase of popidation in the towns. The minimum population on which a daily can be supported was once set by Horace Greeley at about ten thousand, but at the time he gave that " Includes daily market reports, etc. •* Census Report shows 74 a few months later. xcvi ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS testimony there were papers in this country supported by communities of less than half that size. Since that time the number has considerably decreased, so far as the town of publication is concerned; but taken in connection with the rural population upon which the small dalies have come more and more to depend, the decrease has been slight. At present, indeed, it is apparently increasing, rather than diminishing. The relation of population to daUy papers in Illinois in 1880 was shown by the census report as follows: DAILY NEWSPAPERS AND POPULATION IN 1880 Number of Location Population Dailies Adams County S9)i3S Quincy 27,268 4 Alexander County 14,808 Cairo 9,oii 3 Coles County 27,042 Mattoon 5)737 i Cook County 607,524 Chicago 503,185 18 Dekalb County 26,768 Sycamore 3,028 i Hancock County 35,337 Warsaw 3,105 i Jo Daviess County 27,528 Galena 6,451 i Kane County 44,939 Aurora 11,873 2 Elgin 8,787 2 Knox County 38,344 Galesburg ii,437 2 LaSalle County 70,403 Ottawa 7^834 2 Logan County 25,037 Lincoln 5,639 2 INTRODUCTION XCVII L°<=a'i°'i Population McLean County 60,100 Bloomington 17,180 Macon County ,0 55 e Decatur 5,^547 Madison County 50,126 Alton s,g7S Morgan County 31,514 Jacksonville 10,927 PeoriaCounty 55,355 Peoria 29,259 Rock Island County 38,302 Moline 7,800 Rock Island 11,659 St. Clair County 66,806 Belleville 10,683 Sangamon County 52,894 Springfield i9,743 Stephenson County 31,963 Freeport 8,516 Vermillion County 41,588 DanviUe 7,733 Will County 53,422 JoUet 11,657 Winnebago County 30,505 Rockford 13,129 Number of Dailies I 2 74 The daily papers of the state have shown a tendency steadily toward afternoon rather than morning issues. That tendency first took definite form in this decade be- tween 187 1 and 1880. At the beginning of it, the numbers of morning and afternoon issues in the state were almost equal. Of the forty-two downstate dailies in 1878, thirteen were morning and twenty-nine were evening. In Chicago, xcviii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS eight were morning and four were evening. The tendency in the smaller cities has continued toward evening papers."" This is doubtless due to the growth and the improved dis- tributing facilities of the Chicago and St. Louis morning papers, and to the cheap "pony" news service offered by the Scripps-McRae, and, later, the United Press Associa- tions, as well as others that have been organized since 1900. On the other hand, since 1900 there has been an increase in the number and importance of downstate morning dailies. This increase has come from cities which have become large enough to support papers holding Associated Press fran- chises. These papers are, as afternoon papers are not, able to compete with the Chicago papers, and wiU doubtless be an increasingly important feature of Illinois journalism as the number of larger cities in the state is augmented. At the same time the situation is complicated by the help being rendered the afternoon papers by more efficient telegraphic news service, and by the greatly increasing importance of the telephone as an ally of the afternoon press. The lower price that came with the general introduc- tion of wood-pulp in the manufacture of paper, and the in- creased activity in the patent-inside industry helped upward the figures of both daily and weekly papers. The decline in the quality of many of the country weeklies, mentioned in the next preceding section, was remarkable in this last decade. This came with the more general use of the patent '" The increase in the number of papers, by decades, 1880 to 1900, is shown in the following table: Mom- Even- Tri- Semi- Quar- Oth- Total Dailies ing ing W'kly W'kly Weekly Monthly terly ers 1880 1017 74 30 44 6 17 758 118 21 23. 1890 1241 121 44 77 2 20 858 182 29 29 19°° 1548 197 44 153 4 72 1008 219 23 23 For much similar statistical information covering this period — 1880 to 1900, see Report 12th U. S. Census, v. 9. INTRODUCTION xcix inside, which convenience was, by the later seventies, used by nearly one-half of the weeklies in the smaller towns. The patent inside was chiefly used by papers newly starting in business; but it has no doubt prolonged the life of many a paper that would otherwise have suffered ex- tinction, perhaps not in all cases undeserved. There was something to be said in favor of the patent inside; more, of course, before the development of the stereotyped plate matter which has almost entirely superseded the earlier scheme of economy, than later. It supplied material often "of a respectable quaUty which would otherwise have been out of reach of the country editor. Matter of special interest and often of value to the country population was thus fur- nished; good fiction and less good was disseminated. But granting the patent inside fuU credit of economy, convenience, and respectability, it nevertheless lowered the quality of the country weekly. Up to the time of the Civil War, however violent or crude the tone in many instances, the country press had individuality of character, and in its own community was as real and definite a force as the great papers of the era of personal journalism were in larger spheres. More than half of the influence of the paper was dissipated when half of its pages were fiUed and printed by "outsiders." It does not seem that this should necessarily have been true, for the editor stiU had two pages at his command; but it was true, nevertheless. Many papers, indeed, kept aloof from the patent inside, retained their individuality — and their advertising space — and have steadUy improved, as the press as a whole has improved; others have grown into dailies; still others, after more or less brief careers as "co- operatives," have recovered their individuality, and become again "all home print." But it must be recorded that in c ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS the years just following the war there began in Illinois that class of papers which, unlike many that preceded the war or survived it, are of mere numerical importance in the story of the Illinois press. That class grew and flourished most numerously in this period between 1870 and 1880. The numerical increase was fostered also by a usage developed in this decade by which papers for small towns in surrounding territory were printed at a central office. A typical instance is that of the Joliet Phoenix, which was the home ofiice of a brood of Phoenixes bearing date-lines of Lockport, Wilmington, Lemont, Braidwood, Peotone, and Plainfield. Such papers have at least three pages in common. A local editor supplies some news from each town, which, with the name, is all of the one paper that differs from all the others. Another mechanical aid to the development of the news- paper industry which was contributed by Illinois in this period, was the folder, which made the web perfecting press a possibility. The invention was made by Walter Scott, who was at that time foreman of the machinery department of the Chicago Inter-Ocean. The Bullock presses of the establishment were promptly equipped with the new inven- tion, and thus the Inter-Ocean was the first paper to be printed on a perfecting press."" The poUtical aspect of the period will have to be passed entirely, except for a word concerning the Granger move- ment and the Greenback party, which stirred the press, usually the rural press, of the country in the late seventies and early eighties. Perhaps a score of Illinois papers supported Greeley in 1872, including such influential ones as the Chicago Tribune 100 0. w. Lusk, Politics and Politicians of Illinois, 514. INTRODUCTION ci and Belleville Zeitung. Of these a considerable number then became identified with the Granger movement; within 1873 and 1874 several new Granger and anti-monopolist papers were started, but most of the supporters of these causes were recruits from the old parties. Such papers were to be found at Macomb, Bloomington, Salem, Oregon, Decatur, HHlsboro, Woodstock, and elsewhere. Usually the Granger papers lasted but two years, some not so long, a few considerably longer. At least half of them had become Greenback before 1876, and, with others, brought to the support of Peter Cooper at least thirty papers in the state. Some of these had rather fantastic idiosyncrasies. The Unicorn Greenback at Barry was written almost entirely in verse; the Greenback Gazette at Chester was printed on green paper. There was a luU in Greenback journalism between 1876 and 1878, but in the latter year and 1879 sixteen new papers, and as many other recruits, together with those that had survived from before the earlier campaign, gave Weaver the support of forty papers in Illinois, including such as the Pontiac Free Trader, Morgan Monitor of Jacksonville, Golden Era of McLeansboro, and New Era of Woodstock which were not originally Greenback. A considerable num- ber were established to support that party, among which were Unicorn Greenback, Barry; Express and Sentinel, Chicago; National Era, Danville; Independent, Erie; Independent, Grafton; Local Leader, Lexington; Herald, Milford; Beacon, Milton; Reformer, Morris; Industrial Tribune, Murphysboro; Legal Tender, Pekin; Observer, Petersburg; Greenback Post,, Qaincy; National Greenbacker and Telephone, RocheUe; Review, Roodhouse; Herald, ShelbyviUe; Industrial Banner, Yates City. The Green- back party thus brought into existence a number of papers, di ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS nearly all short lived, and helped out of existence certain others which became advocates of the fiat money idea. One more discharge of statistics, and the array of figures on the press in Illinois at the close of the sixty-five years with which this sketch has to do, wiU have been shown. The thousand and seventeen papers in the state left few vicinities unprovided with "the source of American culture." No county was without its paper. Twenty-eight towns had five or more; twelve had four, thirty-seven had three, ninety- three had two, and one hundred and seventy municipalities were supplied each with one newspaper. There were publications in six languages at that time, though previously eight tongues had been represented. The Bohemians had four, one of which was a daily; nine hun- dred and twenty, including sixty-three dailies, were printed in Engish; one was printed in French and two in Polish; there were nine dailies and sixty-one other papers in German, and one daily and nineteen others in the Scandinavian languages. In Chicago alone there were two hundred and eighty-nine newspapers and periodicals, comprised of eighteen dailies, one hundred and thirty-eight weeklies, ninety-one monthlies, and forty-two of other periods of publication. On another basis of classification, these in- cluded sixty-three devoted to news and politics, eight to agriculture, fifty-one to commerce and trade, one to finance, nine to literature,'"' thirty-three to religious purposes, and one hundred and twenty-four to a wide variety of interests, from oriental archaeology to trap shooting. ^"'A total of I20 "periodicals with some sort of literary interest dominant in their pages" were attempted in Chicago prior to i88c: twenty-seven in the forties, and fifties, forty-six from i860 to 1871 inclusive, and forty-seven in the seventies after the fire. Of the whole number, forty continued for less than one year, and twenty-two for one year only. Fewer than half, therefore, outlasted a year. Herbert E. Fleming, Literary Interests of Chicago, 112. INTRODUCTION ciii Of religious publications, four were Baptist, one Congre- gational, two Disciples, two Episcopal, one Jewish, three Lutheran, five Methodist, one Mormon, two Presbyterian, one Reformed, six Roman Catholic, one Adventist, one Spiritualist, one Swedenborgian, one United Brethren, one Unitarian, one Universalist, and fifteen non-sectarian. A retrospective glance over the threescore and five years between 1814, when the first little three-column paper was started at Kaskaskia, and 1879, reveals but a few more than a thousand papers still extant out of a total of about three thousand that have furnished forth their salutatories and their advertising rates. But a third of aU those hopefully begun have endured the "halcyon and vociferous". The newspaper press spread northward over the state like a prairie fire; like a fire it has often flared and smoked, and gone out; and one turns from the record of two thousand failures with a feeling as of stepping among a residue of scorched bones. Yet the successes have been more important than the failures have been numerous, and these papers, living and dead, have played an active part in the life and growth of the commonwealth. Long before the close of this period there had grown up a number of strong and energetic journals, some in every section of the state, upon which the journalistic honor of the commonwealth rests secure. A sketch as brief as this is left incomplete because it is without a more detailed account of the part these papers have played in the growth of the state; and especially without some more adequate reference to the men who have made these papers, and whose lives are the best part of the history of the Illinois press. A number of papers in the state have long since passed the half-century mark; men are still active civ ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS in journalism who began their labors before the Civil War, and one has died whUe this work was in preparation whose connection with Illinois newspapers began in 1848. Incomplete as it is, however, perhaps this survey may serve to give some order and significance to the kaleido- scopic record which follows in the bibliography. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS OF ILLINOIS 1814-1879 KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. A Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. B Withers Public Library, Bloomington, Illinois C Chicago Public Library, Chicago, Illinois D Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts E American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts F New York State Library, Albany H Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, Illinois J John Crerar Library, Chicago, Illinois L Lenox Branch, New York Public Library, New York City M Mercantile Library, St. Louis, Missouri N Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois P Public Library in the town in which the paper was published S Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield U University of Illinois Library, Urbana, Illinois W Wisconsin State Historical Library, Madison These letters, following the description of a paper, indicate that copies or files may be found in the corresponding libraries, the contents of which are listed in this volume. The name of a town following such description indicates that copies or files are to be found in the public library of that town. The papers of each town are arranged in the order in which they were established, except that all papers in any series are grouped. For instance note under Albion, page 2, that Journal precedes Bumble- Bee, though established later. Under Chicago, papers established in each year are arranged alphabetically, subject to the same exception. + 1840 means that the paper was a continuation from a preceding name or location. 1840+ means that the paper was continued under another name or in another place. i860 to date (1875) means that the paper was still in existence at the last report, in 1875, but that no later information has been obtained. Unless otherwise noted, papers were issued weekly. The words Ayer, Rowell, Coggeshall, refer to newspaper direc- tories issued by those men; Gerhard, to Illinois As it Is. Names of towns as parts of tides are omitted except when needed for clearness. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS OF ILLINOIS 1814-1879 ABINGDON, KNOX COUNTY Messenger, 1856-1858: Published by Chambers and White and edited by O. AVhite. Reporter, 1858-1862: Edited by C. C. Button. Nonpareil, 1863 : It was published by D. H. Elliott. (See Chap- man and Company's History of Knox County, p. 540.) Educational Magazine, 1864-1865: Published monthly by J. W. Butler in the interest of Abingdon College. Progress, ( ?) ( ?) : Edited by E. E. Chesney. Press, i 868 ( ?) : Conducted for only a few months by Ike Cotton . Knox County Democrat, i 870-1 876: Edited by W. H. Heaton. In 1876 it was sold and merged into Knoxonian. U Journal, June, 1870: Conducted by J. C. Chesney for only seven weeks. Leader, 1874-1875: Originally established at Monmouth by T. S. Clarke, as Monmouth Leader. After his death it was conducted by S. J. Clarke and in 1874 moved to Abingdon, where he with J. S. Badger established the Abingdon Leader. It lived about 8 year. Amateur News, 1874-1875 : Edited by Charles K. Bassett. Knoxonian, 1875 ( ?) : Conducted by Henry C. AUen. It was published only six months in Abingdon, when the office was moved to Augusta, Illinois. Express, 1875: Edited by Frank L. Richey. It was notable for the number of times it suspended and resumed publication, and for the many forms it assumed, being at one time a weekly, at another a semi-weekly, and at one time a daily. Democratic. Register, 1877: Edited by Charles K. Bassett. Advertiser, 1877 (?): Edited by George Poff. Abingdon College Monthly, 1877: Published by the trustees of Abingdon College. Nonpareil, ( ?) ( ?) : Published by Elmer Richey in the later seventies. It lived less than a year. 2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ALBANY, WHITESIDE COUNTY Herald, 1854. ALBION, EDWARDS COUNTY Independent, 1865- (after 1869) : Edited and published by J. E. Clark. Printed at the ofl&ce of the Grayville Independent. Republican. Pioneer, 1868-1873 + : Established by R. S. Thompson and J. J. Lambert. They conducted it for about five years and sold to GU R. Stormont, who changed it to Journal, +1873 to date: This paper was conducted by Gil R. Stor- mont until September, 1876, when he sold to Ballentine and Emmerson. Mr. Ballentine retired in 1878 and Morris Emmer- son continued its publication until March 11, 1884, when he sold to Colyer and Harris. After about two years Morris Harris retired and Walter Colyer continued as editor and publisher until March 30, 1900, when the ownership passed to Albert H. Bowman. February 25, 1903, Mr. Bowman was succeeded by the Albion Journal Company. tJ Bumble-Bee, i869-i873(?): A monthly, published in the interest of the patent medicine trade by R. S. Thompson. Egyptian Republican, 1878: A three-column folio, edited by Chalcraft and Orange. Suspended after seven months. ALEDO, MERCER COUNTY Record, July 14, 1857 to date: Established by James H. Reed and Horace Bigelow at the time of the canvass for the removal of the county seat from Keithsburg to Aledo. Bigelow became sole owner in 1862, and sold a half interest to John Porter in 1866. Porter was political editor from 1862. In 1885 Bigelow sold his interest to John Porter and Sons who conducted the paper until 1894, when it was sold to Mitchell and Bloyer and merged with the Times, under the name of the Times Record. The paper has always been Republican and is one of the many "among the first newspapers to suggest the name of Abraham Lincoln as a candidate for the presidency." U Mercer County Press, September, 1 866-1 869: A Democratic paper organized by persons hostile to President Johnson. J. A. J. Birdsall was editor. After a year he was succeeded by a man named Wilson; then late in 1867, David R. Walters became both editor and manager. John Geiger bought the paper in 1869 and discontinued it, establishing instead the Democratic Banner, April, 1869-1873 + : Geiger opposed the nom- ination and election of Greeley ; O. P. Arthur bought the paper ALTON, MADISON COUNTY 3 in July, 1872, and supported Greeley. In 1873 the paper sup- ported Greenback principles. In this year Arthur changed the name to Banner, +1873-1881 : John Geiger became a partner with Arthur, and editor in 1877, and in 1878 sole owner, whereupon he made it a straight Democratic "organ." P. F. Warner bought the paper in the campaign of 1878 and conducted it as an Independ- ent in politics until 1879, when he made it Republican. It was sold in 1 881 to Geiger, Russell, and Eames, of the then recently established Democrat. ALEXIS, WARREN COUNTY Journal, 1874 (?): James Everett was editor and publisher in 1874: in 1877 A. H. ChafEe was editor and publisher. Inde- pendent. Suspended before 1879. ALGONQUIN, McHENRY COUNTY Citizen, 1872 (?): William H. and George E. Earlie were editors. Earlie Brothers and Company were publishers. "Every number illustrated." Cited in Rowell's Newspaper Directory for 1873. ALTAMONT, EFFINGHAM COUNTY Courier, May, 1873-November, 1874: Begun by G. W. Grove. Moved in November, 1874, to Virginia. Telegram, March, 1876-81: Established by Loofbarrow and Humble; then owned by Loofbarrow and Hale Johnson and edited by Mit. A. Bates. Sold in 1877 to C. M. King, who removed the oflSce to Gardner in 1881. ALTON, MADISON COUNTY Spectator, 1832-1839: Published first in Upper Alton by O. M. Adams and Edward Breath. The firm soon dissolved, and Mr. Breath alone removed this paper to Lower Alton (now Alton) in October, 1832. Mr. J. T. Hudson, successor to Mr. Breath, edited and published it, 1834-1836; W. A. Beaty, 1836; D. Ward, 1836-1837 ; Wm. Hessin, 1837 ; Mr. Hessin and Seth T. Sawyer, 1837; Mr. Hessin, 1837-1838; J. Clark Virgin in December, 1838, and he soon suspended it. It was Whig in politics, giving much attention to the banking system of the country. ESHM American, November 22, 1833-1834: Founded by J. S. Buchanan; devoted to the agricultural, mechanical, and mercantile interests of Lower Alton and surrounding country; religious but not denominational. Published by Messrs. Bailey and Parks and edited by Rev. Thomas Lippincott. Monthly. H ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Western Pioneer and Baptist Standard Bearer, +June 30, 1836-1839: Removed from Rock Spring in June, 1836, by Ash- ford Smith and Company, under patronage of the Baptist denomi- nation in Illinois and Missouri. Its editors were J. M. Peck, at first alone, afterward associated with E. Rogers and Rev. Washington Leverett. With the beginning of its second year it was known as the Western Pioneer. It was finally discon- tinued as a separate publication about the close of 1838, and combined in January, 1839, with a paper published at Louis- ville, Ky., and New Albany, Iowa, entitled, in 1839, Baptist Banner and Western Pioneer. (See Rock Spring Pioweer). H Telegraph, January 20, 1836 to 1882: Founded by R. M. Tread- way and L. A. Parks. Published by Messrs. Treadway, Parks, and S. G. Bailey, 1836-1837; Parks and Bailey, 1837; Mr. Parks, 1837 ; Mr. Parks and John Bailhache, 1837 ; Mr. Bail- hache, 1837-1838. In 1838 S. R. Dolbee purchased a half interest and firm continued until 1850 when Dolbee was succeeded by Wm. H. Bailhache, son of John Bailhache. From 1852-1854, E. L. Baker was one of the firm. Mr. Baker and L. A. Parks conducted it, 1854-1855. In 1855 the Telegraph was merged in the Courier (which see) and so remained until the death of the Courier in 1861, when L. A. Parks and J. T. Beem and S. V. Grossman revived the publication of the Telegraph. Parks and Grossman continued its publication, 1861-1864; Mr. Parks and Thos. S. Pinckard, 1864-1866; Mr. Parks, 1866; Parks and Ghas. Holden, 1866-1867 5 Parks, Holden, and W. T. Norton, 1867-1875; Holden and Norton, 1875-1880; Mr. Norton, 1880 to 1893. After 1888 the paper was published by the Alton Tele- graph Printing Company. In 1893 W. T. Norton sold his stock to W. J. A. Cousley and W. H. Bauer, who with other stock- holders continue to publish the paper, with W. J. A. Cousley as editor. Mr. John Bailhache was its editor, 1837-1841, and from 1841 for several years it was edited by Geo. T. M. Davis. It was known simply as the Telegraph until April 3, 1841, when it became the Alton Telegraph and Democratic Review. In 1853 it became the Alton Telegraph and Madison County Record, which name it retained until merged in the Courier. When the Whig party died it became a strong Republican organ. During the fall of 1836 great excitement spread over the country as a conse- quence of John Quincy Adams's contest in Congress over the right of petition. It is asserted that the Telegraph was the only paper west of Cincinnati which supported Mr. Adams in that struggle. January i, 1851, a tri- weekly was begun; in 1852 the daily was begun; the weekly was continued. PEHAUSLF ALTON, MADISON COUNTY 5 Taper, June, 1840 ( ?) : A non-sectarian religious monthly, edited by Rev. Thomas Lippincott, a Presbyterian minister. S Observer, September 8, 1836- August 21, 1837+ : This paper was first published in St. Louis as an organ of the Presbyterians. When Elijah P. Lovejoy became its editor he began vigorously and imrelentingly to assail the institution of slavery through its columns. In 1836 he resolved to remove the press and material of the^ Observer to Alton, Illinois. Before shipment much of the material was destroyed and cast into the Mississippi, and the rest met the same fate when it was unloaded on the wharf at Alton. Notwithstanding these reverses, Mr. Lovejoy procured a new press and the first issue of the Alton Observer appeared, September 8, 1836. This new press, type, and material were destroyed by a mob on the night of August 21, 1837. The third press was ordered, and destroyed on the night of its arrival, and the fragments were cast into the river. A fourth press was ordered at once. It was shipped from Cincinnati and arrived in Alton on the night of November 6, 1837. On the night of November 7 Mr. Lovejoy was killed, his press broken up and its fragments, too, cast into the Mississippi.^ Beginning December 28, 1837, the Observer was printed in Cinciimati by Elisha W. Chester and sent to Alton for distribution. Rev. T. B. Hulburt supplied local news from Alton. This arrangement was abandoned April 19, 1838. HS Illinois Temperance Herald, June i, 1836-1839+ : Monthly. Edited by F. W. Graves, and later by A. W. Corey, assisted by Timothy Turner; published by the executive committee of the Illinois State Temperance Society. November, 1839, the title was changed to U Missouri and Illinois Temperance Herald, -fNovember, 1839- 1842 : and was published simultaneously in St. Louis and Alton as the organ of the two state temperance societies. January, 1842, the paper became the organ also of the Washingtonian societies, and the title with the number for that date became Missouri and Illinois Temperance Herald and Washingtonian. A. W. Corey was still editor. See Springfield, Illinois Washing- tonian. U ' "The battered press lay in the river till i8s8, when W. R. Mead bought the ' find ' for $35, and removed it to Iowa. From 1S58 to 1870 it was used to print the Cresco Plain Dealer, at New Oregon, Howard County, Iowa. Then George B. Frost bought it for Sioo and printed the Clear Lake Observer on it till about 1876, when it was again sold to F. A.Gates, editor of the Belmont Herald, For about twenty years it remained in service at Belmont, Iowa, and was then sold to Mr. C. P. Gunther, of Chicago, who exhibited it in 'Libby Prison.' " Harris" Negro Servitude in Illinois, 914. ». ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Voice of Illinois, 1838 to close of campaign. Supported Cyrus Edwards for governor, Wm. H. Davidson for lieutenant governor, and George Churchill for senator. Campaign paper published by a Whig committee for Madison county. Altonian, March 13-27, 1838: Edited and published by L. A. Parks and Edmund Breath. Favored Whig principles. Only three numbers issued. S Commercial Gazette, 1839-1840: Published by Samuel S. Brooks and John H. Pettit. It was suspended in March, 1840, and revived for the campaign, after which it was again suspended. It was Democratic in politics. A Sucker, 1840 : Published by Parks and Beaty, and edited by " Our- selves," who were understood to be Wm. S. and John Lincoln and James Hall. It was Whig and supported Harrison for the presidential nomination. It was merged in the Telegraph in March, 1840. People's Miscellany and Illinois Herald, July 27, 1842 ( ?) : Another paper edited by A. W. Corey, who in the first number announced the discontinuance of the Illinois Temperance Herald. The prospectus announced the paper to be the organ of the Illinois State Temperance society, and all other temperance societies that wished to use its columns; but unlike its unsuc- cessful predecessors, this was to be a general newspaper. Parks and Souther were its publishers. AF Presbytery Reporter, 1845-1860 -f- : Edited by Rev. A. T. Norton. Only two numbers were issued the first year. Issued quarterly, 1847-1850; bi-monthly, 1850-1854; suspended; revived ini855 and issued monthly. In i860 it was taken to Chicago, but later, publication was resumed at Alton. Its subscription list was finally sold to Herald Presbyter, Cincinnati. S Truth Seeker, November, 1845-September, 1846: Quarterly. Edited by the Rev. Lemuel Foster. The occasion of the paper was the suppression, by the Chicago Western Citizen, of the report of the discussion which took place in the annual meeting of the Illinois Anti-Slavery Society, held June, 1845, at Alton. After almost a year Truth Seeker abandoned the task of reforming Mr. Eastman et al., and left the Western Citizen still impenitent. H Protestant Monitor, i 846-1 848: Removed from Greenville. E. M. Lathrop was editor; Lathrop and John M. McPike were publishers. Suspended with vol. 3, no. 32, May 24, 1848. Re- vived as Alton Monitor, 1848; edited by John W. Buffum. Suspended at close of campaign. It was Democratic, and a violent religious sheet. H ALTON, MADISON COUNTY 7 Courier, May 29, 1852-1861: Published by Geo. T. Brown; associated with him were James Gamble and John Fitch (see Banner, Carrollton). It was edited by Mr. Fitch, 1853-1854. Mr. Brown was its sole editor and proprietor, 1854-1860, when he sold to B. J. F. Hanna and S. V. Grossman. In May, i860, Benjamin Teasdale and B. F. Webster obtained an interest. Mr. Webster retired in December, i860, and its publication was abandoned in January, 1861 (see Alton Telegraph). In the Kansas-Nebraska controversy it strongly favored free soil and in 1856 favored Fremont for president. In 1858 the Courier became Republican and supported Lincoln against Douglas. When they reached common political ground the Courier and Telegraph were merged. Daily, tri-weekly, and weekly. Jennie D. Hayner, Lib. Assn. HUSF VoRWARTS, 1852-54: Published by P. Stibolt and V. Walter. Mr. Stibolt took it to Galena, and subsequently he went to Peoria, where he became the editor of the Deutsche Zeitung. It was Democratic. German. National Democrat, 1854-1869: Published by Geo. M. Thomp- son and edited by John Fitch, 1854 ; John and T. N. Fitch, 1854- 1859; John Fitch, 1859-1860. In i860 building and press were destroyed by a tornado. In seven weeks Robert P. Tansey resumed its publication. In a short time it passed into the hands of Wm. T. Brock and from him to W. T. Dowdall with Thomas Dimmock as editor. In 1864 Mr. Dowdall sold to John C. Dobelbower, but Mr. Dimmock continued editor. In 1866 it was destroyed by fire but was re-established and its publication was continued until 1869, when it was removed to Lafayette, Indiana. H Illinois Beobachter, 185 5-1 866: Established and published by John Reis, 1855-1863; V. Walter, 1863-1864; G. H. Weigler, 1864-1866. While conducted by Mr. Reis it favored the Douglas wing of Democracy, and under Mr. Walter was Repub- lican. It was a weekly German paper. Destroyed by fire. Sucker Life Boat, January to July, 1855 : Comic sheet edited and published by John T. Beem, Martin Brooks, and Wilbur T. Ware. Missouri Cumberland Presbyterian, 1855: In 1852 it was started at Lexington, Mo. In 1853 removed to St. Louis, and to Alton in 1855. Edited by Dr. J. B. Logan. In June, 1855, the subscription list was sold and transferred to the Watchman and Evangelist, Louisville, Ky. Ladies' Pearl, 1857-1861 : Edited by Dr. J. B. Logan and Rev. W. W. Brown in the interest of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. Monthly. 8 5 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Freie Presse, 1858-1859: Established by Dr. Canisitts, and with the second issue transferred to Christian Schneider, who con- ducted it about one year. German. Weekly Alton Telegraph, 1858: A campaign paper edited by Messrs. Parks and Ennis, Mr. Parks being the political editor. Daily Evening Democrat, 1859 to date (1865) : H Star of Bethlehem and Candid Examiner, ( ?) : Edited by A. Doubleday. A religious paper ; died with the first number. Western Cumberland Presbyterian, 1862-1868+ : Founded and edited by Rev. J. B. Logan, to take the place of the St. Louis Observer, which left the northwest without an organ. Devoted to religion, morality, church news in general. In 1866 he sold the subscription lists to T. H. Perrin, but remained editor until 1868, when Rev. ]. R. Brown, bought one-half interest in the paper. Dr. Logan then purchased the subscription lists of the Cumberland Presbyterian and united with Dr. Brown. The word "Western" was dropped, and the paper called Cumberland Presbyterian, +1868-1874: In 1874 it was sold and removed to NashvOle, Tennessee. D Good Templar, 1865-1868: Edited by B. H. Mills. It had been published formerly at St. Louis. Temperance. Banner, 1866-date: Established by PfeiflEer Brothers. In five months John Mold purchased paper and continued publication until 1868, when the leaders of the Republican party bought paper and put V. Walter in charge as editor. In 1869 it was sold to Messrs. Meyer and Voss ; 1870 Meyer purchased Voss' interest, and in 1877 sold to R. Boelitz, who in 1881 sold to Messrs. Zechmeister and Henzel; in 1882 Messrs. Kleinwot and Henzel became editors and publishers. Independent in politics after 1882. German. Temperance Watchman, 1872: Monthly. Edited by R. S. Smiley; published by E. A. Smith, "in the interest of the Temple of Honor and Temperance". Probably the ancestor of Temperance Banner. Temperance Banner, 1873-75: R. L. Smiley, editor. Published by Eugene Smith. Our Faith, 1875-76: Monthly. Established by T. H. Perrin and Dr. J. B. Logan. It took the place of Cumberland Presby- terian. In 1876 it was sold to the St. Louis Observer. Christian News, 1875-1876: Monthly. Edited by Rev. Robert West. Published in the • interest of the Congregational church by E. A. Smith. In 1876 it was sold to the Advance Company of Chicago. AMBOY, LEE COUNTY g Democrat, 1875-1882+: Established by J. N. Shoemaker and Hugh E. Bayle. In 1876 a daily was begun. In three months the paper passed into the hands of Perrin, Smith and Company. The "company" was D. C. Fitz Morris, editor. In 1878 Fitz Morris withdrew from the firm but continued as editor. Com- bined with Sentinel in 1882. See below. Morning News, 1876 : Edited by James J. Mclnemey and Eugene J. Bronson. Daily, Independent. Suspended in three months. Madison County Sentinel, 1879-1882+ : Established by James J. Mclnemey as an Independent daily. In 1882 it was com- bined with the Democrat as Daily Sentinel-Democrat, with Mc- lnemey as editor and proprietor. Later it was published by a stock company. In 1905 W. H. Murphy bought a half interest; Mclnemey died in 1909, and Murphy sold his interest to his associates, who still conduct the paper. ALTONA, KNOX COUNTY Mirror, 1868-1870: A short lived Republican paper edited and publihed by E. Johnson and Company. J. S. McClelland was editor and publisher in 1870. Swede, i869(?) (?): Weekly. Journal, i878-8o(?): Edmund H. Waldo was editor and pub- lisher in 1880. Independent. AMBOY, LEE COUNTY Lee County TniES, 1855-1856: The stockholders were A. Kinyon, W. E. Ives, John L. Skinner, John B. Wyman, H. B. Judkin, and W. B. Stuart. Edited by A. N. Dickens, brother of Charles Dickens. Changed to Amboy Times, 1856-1866: Published successively by Cotrell, Pratt and Miller; Cotrell, Pratt, and Somers; Pratt and Co.; Pratt, Shaw and Co. ; Gardner, Shaw, and Lewis ; Pratt and Shaw. Messrs. Gofi and Shaw changed it to HF Lee County Journal, 4-1866-1870+ : Originally the Lee County Times, which changed to the Amboy Times, this in turn chang- ing to the Lee County Journal. First published, February 25, 1866, by Go£E and Shaw; from February to December, 1867, by Burrington and Shaw. From January 16 to December 24, 1868, B. F. Shaw was editor and proprietor. Stimson and Corbus were publishing the Journal January 6, 1870, and at least until March 10 following. In September, 1870, Wm. Parker changed the name to Amboy Journal, + 1870 to date : Changed by Wm. Parker from the Lee County Journal, and published by him from September, 1870, 10 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS to September 6, 1872; W. H. Haskell, September 6, 1872, to October 15, 1879; E. W. Faxon and Company, October 15, 1879, to February i, 1881; Dr. C. E. Loomis, after February i, 1881. The paper was Republican in politics throughout its course. U News, 1878 to date: Established by J. Henry Adams and Wm. M. Geddes, who together published it for five years. Until 1882 the News was issued from the office of the Paw Paw Herald; since that time from its own office. In 1882 William M. Parker was editor. For a short time in 1884 Adams and Preston were publishers ; then, from October 18, 1884, until February 19, 1897, James H. Preston was editor and proprietor; Mrs. James H. Preston, publisher; Charles H. Eby, editor and manager, 1897- March 3, 1899; C. H. Eby to January, 1900. E. E. Chase bought an interest at that time and became sole owner in August. In December, 1900, he sold to Henry F. Gehant, who sold August 15, 1902, to Dafoe and Vaughn. Edited by R. G. Sher- wood for two months in 1902 ; then by E. O. Trickey. Since July 10, 1903, E. L. Carpenter has been editor and publisher. Under Preston, Democratic; since. Independent with Repub- lican tendencies. ANNA, UNION COUNTY Union County Record, i860 (?): Established July, i860, by W. H. Mitchell. Republican. UnionCounty Herald, Aprili7, 1869 (?) : Establishedby S.D. Rich ; Democratic in politics ; soon sold to Dr. J.J. Underwood, who re-sold in a short time. The office was moved to Cairo. Advertiser, 1870-187 2: Published by Dougherty and Galligher; Republican. After about two years it was taken to Jonesboro, where in a short time publication ceased. The office was sold to John H. Barton, and taken to CarterviUe, Williamson county. Union, March i, 1875-1875 : Started by A. J. Alden, of Cairo, who soon sold to J. J. Penny and returned to Cairo. Mr. Penny pub- lished the paper about six months ; then it died. Medical Register and Advertiser, 187 5-1 876: Monthly. James I. Hale, M.D., was editor and publisher. Farmer and Fruit Grower, 1877-1897: Established by H. C. Bouton; semi-monthly until the fall of 1877, then weekly; devoted to agricultural and horticultural interests of Union county and Southern Illinois. It was sold to the Prairie Farmer about 1897. U Missionary Sentinel, 1879-1880: Established by Rev. S. P. Myers in the interest of the German Reformed Church. After one year it was moved to Dayton, Ohio. ASHLAND, CASS COUNTY ii Union County News, 1879: Edited and published by Hale, Wilson and Company. Independent. APPLE RIVER, JO DAVIESS COUNTY Index, 1870: D. A. Sheffield, editor; Herst C. Gann, publisher. Printed at the office of the Warren Sentinel. ARCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTY Record, November, 1866 to date: Established by Richard Gruelle, who conducted it until his death in 1883. The paper was sub- sequently owned by Bassett and Wamsley. In 1899 M. H. Bas- sett sold the paper to Nathan Collins and Sons. In May, 1905, Collins and Sons purchased the Areola Herald, established 1883, of J. L. Avey and consolidated the two as the Areola Record- Herald, which they stiU own and edit. Nathan Collins died in 1908. The paper is now published by Collins Brothers with Frank F. Collins as managing editor. The paper devotes one page each week to the subject of broomcom. It was the first "aU home" paper in Douglas county. Republican. H Douglas County Democrat, 1870- (after 1881) : Independent. Established by H. H. Moore, 1870-1875 ; C. M. Leake, i876-(?) S. G. Cleviston was editor and publisher in 1879; in 1880 H. H. Moore was again named as editor and publisher. Rock, 1872-1873 : An evangelical weekly, edited and published by T. J. Shilton. Moore's Home Monthly, 1877: "Devoted to home and fireside miscellany" by H. H. Moore. ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, COOK COUNTY Cook County Herald, 1873- (after 1881) : F. W. Hoffman and Company were editors and publishers in 1877. In 1879 A. S. Lindsey was editor, and John Flaherty and Company publishers ; Herald Publishing Company in 1880. Republican. Cook County Chronicle, 1876 (?): F. D. Dalton was editor and publisher in 1876. ASHKUM, IROQUOIS COUNTY Gazette, 1875-1877 : Edited and published by Lowe and EHoke. John Lowe was editor and publisher in 1877. Independent. Printed at the office of the Onarga Review. ASHLAND, CASS COUNTY Weekly Eagle, March 2, 1876: A neutral paper started by John S. Harper. Weekly was dropped from the title at the seventh number. After four months sold to A. F. Smith and removed. 12 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS News, 1879 (?): John J. Smith was editor and publisher in 1880. ASHLEY, WASHINGTON COUNTY Enquirer, June-September, 1856: Established by M. L. McCord. The excitement occasioned by the presidential campaign was too much for a paper that was trying to be neutral. Its publi- cation ceased late in September of 1856. Herald, i 870-1871 : Established by L. E. Knapp. Gazette, 1876 to date: Established by A. W. O'Bryant, April 5, 1876. Mr. O'Bryant was in 1879 still proprietor and pub- lisher. The name was changed to the Washington County Gazette, April 27, 1906, at which time F. E. and W. C. O'Bryant became publishers. Republican. Files are kept in the office. ASHTON, LEE COUNTY Sentinel, i877-i88o(?): P. O. Sproul was editor and publisher in 1880. ASSUMPTION, CHRISTIAN COUNTY Independent, April 22, 1871-1874-I-: R. M. Carr, was pro- prietor; J. M. Birce, local editor. Neutral in politics. Carr printed the Independent in the office of the Pana Gazette, until April 15, 1872, when I. V. Park began its publication at Assump- tion. Six months later, the office passed into the hands of a joint-stock company, with John L. Marvell as manager and editor. Owing to the latter's erratic management he was replaced by Richard Couch, July, 1874, who changed the name of the paper to Record, 4-1874-1876: Richard Couch was manager and editor for one year after its establishment in July, 1874. Then A. W. Chabin assumed management for nine months, after which the office was sold to A. M. Anderson and moved to Windsor, Shelby county. Press, September, 1872-1873: John P. Mamell was editor and publisher. ASTORIA, FULTON COUNTY Advertiser, 1871-1872: C. R. Spore was editor and publisher. Argus, 1876- (after 1881) : Independent. ATLANTA, LOGAN COUNTY Logan County Forum, 1855-1858: A weekly paper edited by S. B. Dugger. AURORA, KANE COUNTY 13 Argus, May, 1869 to date: Established by Albion Smith. It was at first printed in Bloomington. The Argus was edited and published from 1870 to the spring of 1873, by Albion Smith and F. B. Mills; 1873 to August, 1874, A. W. Briggs; August, 1874, till after 1880, George L. Shoals ; Horace Crihfield, then Crihfield Brothers, to date. Complete files owned by the office and by A. J. Ludlam of Atlanta. Property Seller, i 871-187 2: A monthly real estate advertising sheet, edited by Frank B. Mills; published by Smith and Mills. AUBURN, SANGAMON COUNTY Herald, 1873-1874+ : Published by Lowdermilk and Stover as an advertising medium. After five months sold to stock company. In 1874 M. G. Wadsworth of Auburn and W. F. Thompson of Virden purchased from stock company and changed the name to Citizen, +1874- (after 1881): M. G. Wadsworth was editor and publisher in 1879. Independent. AUGUSTA, HANCOCK COUNTY Times, 1856-1857 : Established by L. S. Grove and Son. F Home Banner, December, 1864-1867: Established by W. P. Campbell, who after a year was succeeded by W. R. Carr. Herald, August, 1878-1880: Established by Henry E. Allen. After about a year it was transferred to Silas Robinson, by whom it was discontinued in 1880. AURORA, KANE COUNTY People's Platform, 1846+ : Established, issued, and edited by Isaac Marlett ; Democratic in politics. This was the first paper published in Aurora. It was soon removed to St. Charles, Kane county, then a more important town than Aurora. It continued to be published in St. Charles under different names, but ceased publication shortly after the presidential campaign of i860. Democrat, August 6, 1846 (?): Established by C. and G. Ingham. In politics it was "Democratic as understood by the Jefferson and Jackson school." C. and G. Ingham were the publishers. Short lived. P Beacon, June, 1847 to date : Founded by M. V. and B. F. Hall, the former a Whig, and the latter a Democrat. In politics the paper had two political departments, one Whig, and the other Demo- cratic. B. F. Hall disposed of his interest and the paper was Whig till the organization of the Republican party, when it warmly espoused the principles of that party. In the winter of 1 853-1 854 James W. Randall and his brother Dudley purchased 14 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS the Beacon. The Randalls were succeeded by a number of pro- prietors, among them N. S. Greenwood and George Brewster. On September 6, 1856, the Daily Beacon appeared, with A. C. Gibson as editor, and J. W. Randall and N. S. Greenwood as pub- ishers, but it was suspended April 30, 1857. In July, 1857, the Beacon and the Guardian were consolidated, and called Republican Union, owned by J. W. Randall and Simeon Whiteley. Suspend- ed, but in September, 1857, revived by Augustus Harman , who had been the editor of the Republican Union, and Oscar B . Knicker- bocker. In 1858 Harjnan retired. 1858-1859, George S. Bangs; Bangs and Knickerbocker, 1859-1866. In 1866 Bangs sold to Knickerbocker. In the same year John H. Hodder pur- chased an interest. Knickerbocker and Hodder continued the publication until the death of Mr. Knickerbocker in 1885. In the early 70s the Beacon started a semi-weekly edition, and in March, 1891, Mr. Hodder issued a daUy, published ever since. On Mr. Rodder's death, in 1902, the paper was sold to a stock company. George W. Stephens is the present editor. Com- plete files in the office. PUF Guardian, 1852-1857 + : Established by Simeon Whiteley and Ben- jamin Wilson, editors and proprietors; politics Democratic untU the repeal of the Missouri compromise; then Free Soil, and afterwards Republican. Mr. Wilson retired from the paper at an early date. In July, 1857, the Guardian and the Beacon were consolidated, the new paper being called the Republican Union; the proprietors were James W. RandaU and Simeon Whiteley. This firm lasted but a few weeks. PF Republican Union, -|-i857-f: A consolidation of the Beacon and the Guardian; James W. Randall and Simeon Whiteley proprietors, Augustus Harman editor. After five numbers Ran- dall sold his interest to Whiteley, who then engaged as editor T. Herbert AVhipple, afterwards one of the editors of the New York World. After the retirement of Randall this paper was called PF Republican, -I-1857-1858: With the change in name the paper was re-reduced in size. February 12, 1858, Mr. Whipple became "corresponding editor," Mr. Whiteley assuming the general editorship. The last issue appeared November 5, 1858. P Temperance Monitor, March, 1858-1859: Started as a temper- ance organ by James P. Snell. It survived about a year. Mr. Snell entered the army at the beginning of the Civil War, and at its close became editor of the Mendota Bulletin. E AURORA, KANE COUNTY 15 Reformer, July, 1858-1860: A sixteen-page monthly. Established by Augustus Harman and Ellen Beard. It was discontinued in June, i860. It declared itself "to be what its name indicates," and fought ardently for prohibition, dress reform, etc. Miss Beard soon became Mrs. Harman. She assisted her husband in the editorial department, set type, canvassed for subscribers, and lectured. Temperance Tocsin, April till fall, i860: A sheet half the size of the Reformer, established by Augustus Harman and wife, in- tended for local circulation. Mr. Harman died in the fall of i860, after which Mrs. Harman continued the publication of the Tocsin for a short time. Chronicle, February, 1861: Established by John H. Hodder, editor and proprietor. This paper existed about six months. Herald, June, 1866-1903: Established by Thomas E. HUl. He was succeeded in the ownership of the paper by the firms of Hill and Gale; Gale and Shaw; Shaw and Bangs; Bangs, Owen and Ford; and Bangs and Owen. In 1S71 the paper was purchased by Pierce Burton, who in 1874 sold a half interest to Mr. James Shaw, who re-sold to Mr. Burton in 1880. The latter continued the paper until he established the Aurora Daily Express in 1882, and thereafter the Herald was the weekly edition of that paper. Originally Republican in politics, under Mr. Burton it was Independent. In 1876 it supported Peter Cooper for President ; and it advocated Green- back principles as long as the party of that name had a national organization. Mr. Burton retired from business in 1902. After several changes of ownership, the Express ceased publication in 1903, and with it perished also the Herald. PU Weekly, June, 1867: Established by Dudley Randall; had a brief existence. Argus, 1867: This paper was in some sort the successor of the Aurora Weekly. It was established by Dudley Randall, and edited by him and W. H. H. Brainard. Possibly there was simply a change of name without change in proprietorship or in the character of the paper. VoLKSEREUND, 1868 to date : Established by Peter Klein and Jacob Siegmund. In 187 1 Mr. Klein purchased the interest of Mr. Siegmund, and has since continued sole proprietor. Republican until 1884, when it supported Cleveland for President. It soon became Republican again, and has remained so. May 27, 1895, a daily edition was started, and has been continued. U City Life Illustrated, 1871 : Founded by Dudley Randall and continued several months. Life attained a large circulation for those days. i6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Free Methodist, 187 2-1 874+ : A Free Methodist weekly, moved from New York City by Louis Bailey. Purchased in 1874 by D. P. Baker and T. B. Arnold, who moved it to Sycamore. Army Record, 1873-1874: Monthly advertising sheet edited and published by James D. Fox. Apparently changed the next year to Army Register, and the date of establishment moved back one year. VroETTE, 1873-1874: Edited and published by Tounshendeau and Lindsey. Daily Globe, 1874: Issued only one day. Established by a Mr. Turner, a printer employed in the Beacon office, and printed by Jacob Siegmund. On the very day of publication, however, Turner left, and a little later Siegmund presented Turner's idea as Daily News, February 22, 1874: Founded by Jacob Siegmund and Charles M. Faye. The first daily paper in Aurora to main- tain a permanent existence. Mr. Faye sold his interest to Mr. Siegmund in September, 1875, and was succeeded for a few weeks by Orville B. Merrill. On February i, 1876, Willis B. Hawkins became owner of one-half the plant. Hawkins remained with the News for several years. On his retiring, Mr. Siegmund published the paper for a time, with Richard W. Cor- bett as editor. In 1884 Mr. Siegmund sold the plant to Edward Northam and Eben F. Beauprd, who published the paper about two years, and then sold it to John F. Dewey. In 1891 Mr. Dewey sold to Walter S. Frazier. From Mr. Frazier ownership of the paper passed at his death to Lincoln B. Frazier, a son. Under the proprietorship of L. B. Frazier the News has con- tinued. W. W. Clark is the present editor. PU Evening Post, 1878-1897 : Daily; established by a printer named Welch. From Welch's hands it passed to those of Peter Klein and Louis A. Constantine, imder the firm name of Klein and Constantine. This co-partnership was of less than six months' duration; then Peter Klein transferred his interest in the paper to his partner, who kept the Post going for nearly twenty years. In 1897 Constantine was appointed postmaster of Aurora, and soon after this the Evening Post was discontinued. Independent, September, 1878: Established by Edward Keough, formerly of the Elgin Times. The Independent was started as a Democratic paper ; but the Democrats of Aurora apparently did not care for an organ, and the Independent lived but a short time. BARRY.fPIKEiCOUNTY 17 AVA, JACKSON COUNTY Register, 1876 (?) : Established by George Jahn and Bethune Dishon. Democratic. Mr. Dishon retired in 1877 leaving Mr. Jahn editor. In Rowell for 1879, Dishon is given as editor and publisher. News, 1876 (?) : Lambert and Connor were editors and pub- lishers. AVON, FULTON COUNTY Sentinel, 1879 to date: Established by H. J. Herbertz. Mr. Her- bertz retired in 1880, being succeeded by Mark UUery. In 1881 H. G. Leigh purchased an interest, the partnership of UUery and Leigh continuing three months, when W. E. Stevens purchased Mr. Ullery's interest. In 1883 Mr. Stevens became sole owner, leasing a half interest to Geo. E. Simmons for two years ; in 1885, W. W. Vose succeeded Simmons, the partnership continuing two years. W. E. Stevens has been the editor and publisher since January i, 1888. Files are at the ofiSce. BARRINGTON STATION, COOK COUNTY Herald, 1877-after 1881 : Edited and published by J. A. Ballinger, and later by W. G. Alden. Printed at the ofl&ce of the Palatine Enterprise. BARRY, PIKE COUNTY Enterprise, (?) : A paper established by George W. Smith in the sixties. Not mentioned by Rowell for 1869. Dispatch, (?): A' short-lived publication begun in the sixties by ShafEner and Goldsmith. Not mentioned by Rowell for 1869. Observer, 1870-1871: Established by L. L. Burke. Within a year was suspended and removed. Adage, 1871 to date: Established by M. H. Cobb, publisher, and J. H. Cobb, editor, 1871-1878; S. E. Colgrove, 1878-1879; John H. Cobb and W. W. Watson, 1879-1880; W. W. Watson, 1880-1898; A. E. Hess, 1898 to date. Independent. Unicorn, 1877 -I- : Edited and published by Simeon Fitch. Started as Republican, soon changed to Greenback, and the name was changed to Unicorn Greenback, -1-1878-1887: Edited and published by Simeon Fitch, who is said to have written chiefly in verse. The paper declined with the Greenback movement, which it had supported. i8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS BATAVIA, KANE COUNTY Expositor, 1852 : Edited by James Risk and others. Short-lived. Fox River Expositor, January, 1856 (?): Another short- lived paper, apparently not connected virith the foregoing. Edited by James Risk; published by Risk, J. Van Nortwick, and A. M. Moore. Democratic. F Argus, 1857: Edited by T. W. Stitt, M. D. and Elijah H. Eyer. Soon moved to St. Charles. News, 1869— December, 1908 : Published by Clark A. Lewis. Asso- ciated with him were A. J. Roof at the beginning; O. B. Merrill for awhile in 1870; R. N. Youngblood; and C. A. Schaffter. Mr. Lewis was sole editor and proprietor, 1884-1907. In 1907 he leased the paper to Whittleton and Mercer. They continued three months. After two weeks' vacation the publication was resumed by William M. Wrightman but was again discontinued in December, 1908. U Young Advocate, 1871 : An amateur semi-monthly, edited by John F. Dewey. Short-lived. Fox River Times, 1876: Established by A. J. Roof, Mr. Gates, and Mr. Fox. Lasted three months. BEARDSTOWN, CASS COUNTY Beardstown Chronicle and Illinois Bounty Land Adver- tiser, June 18, 1833-34: Established by Francis Arenz "as one of several enterprises he engaged in for developing the new coun- try and incidentally promoting his own business interests." Arenz was a Whig, but the paper was neutral, under the manage- ment of John B. Fulks. In the fall or winter of 1834 the plant Was sold and moved to RushvDle. S Gazette, August 15, 1845-1852-!-: Established by Sylvester Em- mons, who had precipitately removed from Nauvoo after issuing one number of an Anti-Mormon Expositor at that place. The paper was Whig, violently inimical to Democracy and Mormon- ism. Emmons sold in 1852 to C. D. Dickerson, who after less than eight months sold to J. L. Sherman, who changed the title to S Beardstown and Petersburg Gazette, December 9, 1852- 1854+ : Conducted by J. L. Sherman as a Whig organ until probably 1854, when he sold to B. C. Drake, who changed the name to S BEARDSTOWN, CASS COUNTY 19 Central Illinoisak, +1854-1861 : Conducted by B. C. Drake as a Whig paper untU the organization of the Republican party, of which it at once became a supporter. In 1858, before the beginning of the Douglas and Lincoln joint debates, Drake began a daily, which he continued until the beginning of the CivD War, when he closed the office and enlisted. S Democrat, March 12, 1858-1865: The first Democratic paper in Beardstown ; established by W. D. Shurtliff, and at first edited by ShurtlifE and Davis. In 1862 J. K. Vandemark was made editor. He resigned in the fall ; in 1863 Charles R. Fisk and wife bought the paper and continued it untU the close of the war. S Gazette, 1860+ : Established as a Republican paper by one Mitchell, who conducted it until the fall of i860, when it was taken over by a joint stock company of Republicans, who changed the name to Central Illinoisan, + 1861- April 5, 1883 + : Managed by Logan U. Reavis for four or five years, then by the office foreman imtil March, i867, when John S. Nicholson took charge. He be- came sole proprietor in June, 1868, and conducted the paper until April 5, 1883, when he sold to James G. Rice, owner of the Cass County Democrat, who merged the two papers as Illi- noisan-Democrat. He sold in October to Eugene Clark, who rechristened the paper Beardstown Illinoisan, and sold to John S. Nicholson. Changed from weekly to semi- weekly, April, 1884. In April, 1899, united with Star of the West (established 1888 by H. C. AUard and made a daily March 7, 1892) as lUinoisan- Star, edited by Nicholson and published by Nicholson and Al- lard until 1902; since then by Nicholson and Fulks. It is now edited by J. S. and E. E. Nicholson. It has been consist- ently Republican. S Herald, 1872-1873: Established by Henley Wilkinson and J. W- Lusk as an "out and out" Democratic paper willing to support Greeley to beat Grant. A county-seat fight and the election of Grant discouraged the proprietors, who sold early in 1873 to D. G. Swan, who made the paper Liberal Republican. It lasted but a few months, when it was removed to Bushnell. Champion, September 25, 1875-1876 : Established by George Dann, Sr., George Dann, Jr., and George W. Thompson, with the first named as editor. Independent in politics. Soon suspended. Cass County Messenger, 1876-18794- : Established by George Dann, Sr., as a Democratic paper. Before the end of the first year Forrest H. Mitchell was associated with Dann as editor and publisher, but withdrew in August, 1877, and was succeeded by 20 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS W. B. Bennett. Dann sold in 1879 to Joseph P. SaUer, who changed the name to Cass County Democrat, +1879-1883+: Democratic; conducted by Joseph P. Sailer until 1882, when J. Sam Fulks and George Martin became associated with him and they started a daily. It was unsuccessful, was sold in 1883 to Darb. McAuUey, and by him to James G. Rice, who merged it with Central Illinoisan to form Illinoisan-Democrat. Beobachter am Illinois Fluss, 1877-1878+ : Established by Rev. A. Schaberhorn, who in the fall of 1878 sold to Theodore Wilkins, who changed the title to WoCHENBLATT, +1878-1882: Conducted by Theodore Wilkins until his death in 1881, when the paper was sold to Ross and Son, who removed it in 1882. BEECHER, WILL COUNTY Eastern Will Union, 1879 to date (1880): C. E. Carter was editor and publisher. BELLEVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTY Western News, 1826-1827 : A weekly paper, published irregularly by Dr. Joseph Green. Politically "whole hog" Jacksonian, but conducted chiefly to serve Green's political aspirations. St. Clair Gazette, 1833-1838+: A "whole hog" Jackson paper published by Robert K. Fleming; publication often interrupted. For a part of this period the name was St. Clair Mercury. It was merged with Representative and Belleville News, 1837-1838+: Edited and published by Edward S. Cropley. At some time after December 22, 1838, combined with Gazette to form H Representative AND Gazette, +1838-1839+: Edited and pub- lished by Edward S. Cropley, who had run the Representative. It faUed, and from it came the Advocate, +1839 to date: Edited and published by James L.Boyd and John T. C. Clark, 1840; Mr. Boyd, 1840-1842; Philip B. Fouke, 1842 ; R. K. Fleming, : E. H. Fleming, 1849; WiUiam K. Fleming, 1849 . Mr. Fleming changed it to a daily which was edited by Jehu Baker. It was in charge of and edited by John W. Merritt, 1850-1851 ; Judge Niles, late in 1851 ; E. H. Fleming and Mr. Niles, who bought and absorbed the Illinois Independent in 1852, when a daily was issued, 1851- 1854; Mr. Fleming and James S. Coulter, 1854-1855; Mr. Coulter, 1855-1856; Judge Niles, 1856; Mr. Niles and Edward Schiller, 1856; Mr. NUes, 1856-1857; Collins Van Cleve and T. C. Weeden, 1857-1860. In i860 E. J. Montague be- BELLEVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTY 21 came proprietor. In 1861 the Newsletter of Mascoutah was consolidated with the Advocate; the title was made Weekly Belleville Advocate and News Letter, and Alexander G. Dawes became assistant editor. In the same year the property reverted to Van Cleve. Dawes soon retired and F. M. Hawes became editor. In October Weekly was dropped from the title. G. F. Kimball bought the paper in 1863. Hawes was still editor. In 1867 F. M. Taylor bought an interest. In 1872 Taylor bought out Kimball, and continued the paper till 1890, when he closed the office. J. H. Thomas bought the equipment and the paper was continued after a month, with G. F. Kimball as editor. He soon retired. The Advocate is now edited and published by Belleville Advocate Publishing Company. Originally Dem- ocratic, the paper had become Free Soil in 1857, ^^^ ^^.ter Republican. AEWSPHUF Der Freiheitsbote fur Illinois, 1840: The first German paper in Illinois, printed in St. Louis, but issued in Belleville. It was conducted during the Harrison- Van Buren campaign and "grifiE mit besonderer Scharfe den Nativismus an." Gustav Koerner was publisher, and wrote nearly all the editorials. After two weeks its title was changed by the addition of und Missouri. Spirit of '76, January, 1839: A Whig paper, started by Casper Thiele and Company, which lived but a short time. Great Western, May 11, 1839-1841 : The material of the Spirit 0} '76 was bought by J. R. and H. H. Cannon, who in effect con- tinued it under the title of Great Western. Whig. File owned by descendants of Edward W. West, in Belleville. A Farmers and Mechanics Repository, September 3, 1842-1843 : Started by C. and J. L. Sargent, with Elam Rust as editor. They leased the Great Western establishment after Cannon had died and his paper had ceased. R. K. Fleming was printer. In 1843 the Repository suspended and the outfit was sold to Louis P. Pensoneau, who started the St. Clair Banner. Whig. A St. Clair Banner, August i, 1843 ( ?) : Edited by Wm. C. Kinney. Democratic, supporting Van Bmren. Apparently not same as Banner below. F Politician, April 13- June 8, ( ?) 1844 : A small humorous paper ed- ited and published by F. A. Snyder and Company, in which the editor asserted that he would support no man for public office who was not confident that he deserved the office. S Illinois Beobachter, 1844 : A German paper started by Theodore Englemann, who sold it to Bartholomew Hauck and he moved the office to Quincy, where it was continued until 1848, when Mr. Englemann induced Mr. Hauck to remove the office back to Belleville, and the Zeitung appeared. A ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS St. Clair Banner, AprU, i84S-Mav, 1847+ '• Edited and published by Louis P. Pensoneau, who in 1847 sold to D. W. Gelwicks and Louis Tramble.' Changed to APF Times, +1847-1849+: Edited by William C. Kinney and pub- lished by D. W. Gelwicks and Louis Tramble. It represented Democracy. Sold to George Harvey and Tom Walker, who changed it to Illinois Republican, +1849-1852: At first it was published by Messrs. Harvey and Walker, and edited by Jedediah Judson. In 1852 it was purchased by Judge Niles and absorbed by the Advocate. PHF Zeitung, January, 1849 to date: A German paper established by Theodore Englemann and Bartholomew Hauck ; the former was editor, the latter, publisher. Gustav Koerner became connected editorially with the paper in 1849; Hauck bought Englemann's interest in 1852; Franz Grimm first became editor in 1853; after four months he was succeeded by August Kattmarm. Grimm went to Memphis and in 1854 established Stimme des Volkes, the first German paper in Tennessee. January, 1854, Hermann Fiedler became editor; then Hannibal Seylem; Dr. F. Wenzel, 1855-1856. Dr. Wenzel established the Volks- blatt soon after his withdrawal from the Zeitung. He was suc- ceeded by Franz Grimm, 1856-1857 ; W. VoUraith, 1857. Hauck sold to Friedrich Rupp, 1858, who formed a partnership with F. Grimm of the Volksblatt, which was then discontinued. F. Grimm was editor, 1858-1861; Ludwig Seibold, 1861-1862; Edward Lindemann, 1862 ; Adelbert Lohr, 1862-1863 ; Charles Neubert, 1863-1874; Heinrich C. Miiller, Earnhardt Hartmann, 1874-1875; Eugen Seeger, 1876-1877; G. Rentschler, 1877; L. W. Habercom, 187 7-1 879. Stern des Westens was absorbed in 1877, and Der Stern in 1881, when the title of the paper be- came Zeitung und Stern. Sebastian Feitsam bought the paper in 1873. He owned the Illinois Republican, which was then absorbed in the Zeitung. George Semmelroth bought a halt interest in 1874; Heinfelden, Semmelroth, and Metschan became its owners in 1881 ; Heinfelden became sole owner in 1886. In 1888 C. Angleroth became editor, and the title again became Zeitung. August von Lengerke was editor in 1890; William F. Dose, 1891. In 1891 Fred W. Kraft and Fred J. Kern bought the paper and Carl Brandt became editor. The Zeitung was consolidated with the Post in 1893 as Post und Zeitung. Max Gronefeld became editor; William C. Kiiffner and George Semmelroth were owners. In the same year Kiiffner died ; Mr. Semmelroth formed the Belleville Post and Zeitung Publishing • Gustav Koerner in his Memoirs said that he wrote most of the articles in Doth the Banner and the Beobachter. BELLEVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTY 23 Company, of which he was chief stockholder and business man- ager. He died in 1895 and his son, Hermann Semmelroth, succeeded him. A. W. Fischer was editor 1895-1896; Otto Steuernagel, 1896-1898 ; Kriiger, 1898 . Began as a weekly ; a daily was considered in January, 1853, and a trial number issued in December, when Belleville had no railroad and no telegraph office. A few numbers of a daily were issued in January, 1855 ; began again November, 1855, and continued till June, 1857 ; permanently established August, 1876. In politics originally Democratic, modified under Wenzel; strongly anti-slavery under Grimm, who made the paper a powerful influence from 1858 to 1861; supported Lincoln in i860, Greeley in 1872; Independent till 1884, Democratic until 1893, Republican since. Files 1856-1857, i860 to date in the office. PUF Sun, 1851 : Established by E. H. Fleming. After thirty-six numbers it was joined to Advocate and conducted by Mr. Fleming as fore- man and Judge Niles as editor. Eagle, 1854-I-: Managed by Bevirt and Shoupe and edited by Governor Reynolds for a while. At first it was a daily but soon changed to a weekly. Changed to S St. Claik Tribune, -1-1854-1858: John B. Hay was manager and William Orr editor, 1854; Edward R. Stuart and G. A. Harvey, 1854; Mr. Harvey and William E. Hyde, 1854-1856; Mr. Har- vey, 1857. In 1857 it was sold to Van Cleve and Weeden, owners and publishers of the Advocate. P Der Farmer des Westens, March, 1856 : An agriculturalpaperpub- lished from the Zeitung office. It was continued but a short time. VoLKSBLATT, 1856-1858: German and anti-slavery. Established by Dr. F. Wenzel and edited by Louis Didier, 1856-1857 ; Franz Grimm, 1857-1858. In 1858 it was consolidated with the Zei- tung. P Demokrat, 1856-1857 : Edited by Dr. Wenzel, except for a few weeks, during which time it was edited by A. RuofE. German and a supporter of Democracy. P Sun, 1857 : Established by E. H. Fleming. It was also joined to Advocate. Democrat, 1857-1883-f- : Published by Messrs. W. F. Boyakin and H. L. Fleming, 1857-1859; E. R. Stuart and W. H. Shoupe, 1859-1860; W. F. Boyakin was editor from the first; G. A. Harvey, 1860-1863; Duelinger and Russell, 1863 to 1883, when the Democrat was combined with the News as the News-Demo- crat. Fred J. Kern succeeded William J. Underwood as editor and manager January i, 1890, and has continued in that position to date. HPU 24 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Star of Egypt, 1858-1859: Campaign paper edited and published by Ex-Govemor Reynolds and J. W. Hughs. Supported Sidney Breese against Douglas for the Senate. Banner, 1859: Edited and published by H. L. Davidson. Dem- ocratic. Daily Despatch, March 7-August 3, 1861 : Established by Thomas H. Fleming and G. M. Williams. In twelve days it was trans- ferred to G. A. Harvey ; in five months it ceased. P Miner and Workman's Advocate, i 863-1 866 : Established by John HinchcliSe. It was very successful and was printed on the first steam power press run in southern Illinois. Removed to East St. Louis, where after one year it was discontinued. Stern des Westens, 1865-1877: Published by Mr. Schmall from whom it passed into possession of Semmelroth and Kircher; Kircher sold to Daniel Hertel; Hertel retired and Semmelroth became sole proprietor. In 1868 to 1872 Henry Huhn was editor. It was sold in 1872 to Frederick E. Scheel; in 1877 it was consolidated with Zeitung. U Freie Presse, 1868-1870: Established by a joint stock company with Mr. Mueller as editor. Democratic campaign paper. After the campaign the press was bought by Mr. Brickley of Red Bud, where publication was resumed with A. C. Helmicj as editor and Peter Baker, publisher; soon after removed to Belleville, where after another year it was suspended. German. People, 1870-1874: Union Newspaper Company editors and pub- lishers, 1871; Kimball and Taylor, 1872; F. M. Taylor, 1873; Western Printing Company, 1874. Printed at Advocate of&ce. Illinois Republicaner, 1872-1873: Established by a stock com- pany of leading Republicans, with Henry Huhn as editor and manager. In 1873 Sebastian Feitsam bought the stock and, soon afterward, bought the Zeitung and merged the two. Treubund, 1873: German; run in the interest of a benevolent society. Established by Messrs. Semmelroth and Company. Edited by Dr. Neubert. Short-lived. U Independent, 1877-1878: Removed from New Athens by George Auerswald. Continued but a few months. Stern, 1877-1881: Established by Belleville Printing Company with Frederick E. Scheel, editor. In 1878 made daily, at which time Henry Huhn became editor. German. Democratic. It was absorbed by Zeitung. Reform, 1878; Established by George C. Bunsen. Advocated socialism and communism. Died after four or five months. BELVIDERE, BOONE COUNTY 25 Journal, 1878; Established by L. W. Habercom. German. After twenty issues sold to Zeitung. Republican, 1879 (?): Established b> Dr. T. W. Erkert. In five months he sold one third interest to G. F. Kimball and one-third to S. C. Mace. In four months Erkert purchased their interests and became sole owner again. In 1881 one-half in- terest was sold to H. B. Knight. BELLFLOWER Journal, 1877 : Gles&ner Brothers were publishers. Independent. BELVIDERE, BOONE COUNTY Prairie Beacon, about 1847: A neutral paper edited by J. P. Nichols. Listed in Illinois Annual Register for 1847. Standard, 1851-1897: Published by Ralph Roberts, 1851-1897. Democratic up to 1856 when it became Republican. Published weekly. PSF Republican, 1848-1850: Edited by J. W. Snow. It was an ex- ponent of Whig principles. , 1859: Two or three numbers of a weekly issued by a "Professor" Gower. Printed in Rockford. Independent, (?) (?): J. Nelson Brockway. Republi- can. Printed for a short time only. Union, ( ?) ( ?) : Jackson Republican. Lasted a year or two. Boone County Democrat, 1864: Established by a Mr. Wilson and continued through the campaign of 1864. Boone County Advertiser, i867(?)-i87o. Established about 1867 by W. H. Caldwell. Office moved to Rock Falls. Northwestern, 1867 to date: Established by E. H. Talbot. Sold to R. W. Coon in 1870 and to Alson W. Keeler in 1888. Charles R. Truitt owned a half interest for several years, commencing 1895. In 1899 it was sold to Professor Wilgus and conducted by him for a time and sold again to Mr. Keeler. It was afterwara conducted for a short time by J. H. Carpenter and then by an incorporated company under the editorship of A. C. Collins. Republican. Daily edition began in 1892. Later combined with Republican as Republican-Northwestern. UE Courier, 1870: An advertising sheet issued by Caldwell and Tuttle. Daily Index, 1875: Established by W. C. Coates. Lasted two or three months. Curiosity Hunter, -I-1876: A paper published September, 1827, to July, 1874, at Rockford ; discontinued; resumed at Belvidere. 26 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Recorder, 1878-1881: Founded by C. E. Kelsey and W. A. Welsher. In November, 1878, Welsher retired and C. A. Church succeeded him. Messrs. Church and Kelsey published the paper as a semi- weekly until 1881. BEMENT, PIATT COUNTY Union, 1861: Established by James Shoaff. Short-lived. Courier, 1 869(?) (?): Weekly. Farmers' Advocate, 1873-1875: Mit. A. Bates was editor and publisher. Register, 1875-1877: J. H. Jacobs, editor and publisher. Re- publican. Independent, 1878: Established by Benn Biddlecome. Inde- pendent. Short-lived. BENSON Journal, 187 2- (after 1880) : E. F. Baldwin, editor and publisher 1874-1875; Journal Company, 1876 . Republican. BENTON, FRANKLIN COUNTY Standard, 1849 to date: Democratic paper edited by Ira Van Nortwick, 1849-1850; Edward V. Pierce, 1850; Mr. Pierce and John G. Goessman, 1850-1851; Mr. Goessman, 1851-1857. For a year or two James Macklin was associated with Mr. Goess- man. Up to the time Mr. Goessman became editor the press and material were owned by citizens of Benton. Edited ana published by Mr. Pierce, 1857-1858. From before 1879, and after 1887, A. M. Brownlee was editor and publisher. Hassett and Outten, who changed the name to Plaindealer, moved the concern to Du Quoin and established the Du Quoin Republican, advocating the election of Lincoln as United States Senator. (Boss,' Early Newspapers oj Illinois, p. 17.) ' Only partial files in office. UF Democrat, i860 (?): Edited and published by A. and G. Sellars. National Banner, 1868: Edited and published by Thomas Gal- lagher. Republican. Short-lived. Baptist Banner, 1874- (after 1881) : A Baptist church publication with W. P. Throgmorton editor, and J. C. Turner, publisher. Apparently it was moved to Cairo in 1881 and there published as Banner and Gleaner. 1 Boss's statement seems in error, as the editor of Standard asserts that it has been published continuously in Benton since 1849, and is still there. BLOOMINGTON, McLEAN COUNTY 27 Franklin County Chronicle, 1879 to date: Established by John A. Wall. Sometime later owned by Charles H. Sneed. James S_. Barr, Jr. was editor and publisher in 1887. Plant burned in (?). Afterward James Barr revived the paper under the name Republican. Sold to R. D. Kirkpatrick ; then to J. T. Chenault and W. W. McCreery (Mr. Chenault was editor) ; in 1898 to Harry L. Trier, who still conducts it. Repub- lican. Franklin County Courier, 1874-1877: Hinson and Gamer, 187 5-1876; J. M. Hinson and Brother, 1877. Democratic in 1875; Independent, 1876-1877. BIGGSVILLE, HENDERSON COUNTY Henderson Plaindealer, 1867-1869: Moved from Oquawka by a stock company and edited by Ira D. Chamberlin. After a year it was turned over to Judson Graves. After about a year and a half he removed the paper to Kirkwood, and afterward to Galesburg. Clipper, May 29, 1875 to date: Established by M. M. Rowley, who was editor and proprietor until May i, 1908. He is still proprietor, but S. Frank Rowley has been editor and publisher since May i, 1908. Republican. BLANDINSVILLE, McDONOUGH COUNTY Argus, 1857 (?) + : It was published for about a year by George W. Smith, who was followed by Charles Cornell. It was changed to the Hustler, and is now the Gazette, edited and published by John H. Bayliss. Democratic. F Lancet, 1869-1871 : R. L. Kimble, editor and publisher. Neutral. Eela, 1875-1876: W. C. Brown, was editor and publisher. Inde- pendent. McDoNOUGH County Democrat, 1877 (?): A Democratic paper, edited and published in 1879 by J- G. Hammond. George S. Fuhr, editor in 1880. Still extant in 1881. BLOOMINGTON, McLEAN COUNTY Observer and McLean County Advocate, January 14, 1837- 1839: The first newspaper published in McLean County; founded by James Allin, Jesse W. Fell, and General A. Gridley. The first editor was William Hill ; after a year he was succeeded by Jesse W. Fell. The material for the paper was shipped from Philadelphia via New Orleans and was several months in transit. The issue of January 13, 1838, is in the Withers Public Library; that of April 22, 1837, owned by McLean County Historical Society. P 28 ! ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS McLean County Register, 184 5-1 846: Started by Russell B. Mitchell, who was succeeded by C. P. Merriman. He began the Western Whig, 1846-1852 + : Established by C. P. Merriman, 1846- 1849; Messrs. Johnson and Underwood, 1849-1851 ; published by Messrs. Merriman and Jesse W. Fell, and edited by Mr. Fell, 1851-1852. Files in Withers Public Library; vol. 3, no. 45- vol. 5, no. 52; (September 18, 1849 — November 19, 1851, many missing). McLean County Historical Society has odd copies from December 25, 1847, to August 27, 1851. In 1852 Mr. Merriman became its proprietor, the name having been changed by Mr. Fell to the PF Intelligencer, +1852-1853+: Mr. Merriman changed thename to the Paniagraph. File, January 14, 1852 - November 16, 1853, in Withers Public Library. Copies owned by McLean County Historical Society. PS Pantagraph, + 1853 ( ?) to date ; In June, 1854, Jacob Morris bought a half interest ; C. P. Merriman became sole owner and editor in November, 1855. In 1855 he sold to William E. Foote, who, with E. J. Lewis as editor, continued it till January, i860. Then in 1 861 he was succeeded by Carpenter, Steele, and Briggs; then, in 1867, by John D. Scibird and Grin Waters; Jesse W. Fell, W. O. Davis and James P. Taylor, 1868. Editors since E. J. Lewis: William E. Foote, H. B. Norton, Thomas Moore, J. H. Burnham, F. J. Briggs, B. F. Diggs, E. R. Roe, J. B. Bates, W. O. Davis. Davis was publisher and proprietor, February 20, 1871, to December 18, 1907, when the property was incorporated, with W. O. Davis, president, H. O. Davis, vice- president, C. C. Marquis, secretary ana treasurer. Started as a weekly, a daily was issued beginning June ig, 1854. After a few months it was changed to tri-weekly, till October, 1855. Weekly till February 23, 1857; daily and weekly ever since. Republican. The Pantagraph has long been one of the best known papers in Illinois because of its conservatism and re- liabihty. The peculiar name is explained by C. P. Merriman as derived from panta, neuter accusative plural of the Greek adjunct pas, plus graph, imperative of grapho. Complete file in rooms of McLean Co. Hist. Soc. AUPSF Reveille, 1848-1850: A Democratic paper started by James Shoaff, editor, and Joseph Duncan. Removed to Pekin. Copies owned by McLean County Historical Society. State Bulletin, May, 1850-1853+ : Established by H. K. Davis; edited and published by him until 1852. Sold to E. Strafford. In 1853 edited by Washington Wright and owned by C. Wake- field. In the same year its name was changed to BLOOMINGTON, McLEAN COUNTY 29 Illinois Central Times, +1853-1855+: Conducted by W. Wright until 1854; then by Wright, Underwood and Sharp ; then bought by Meyers and Miller; then Meyers and D. J. Combs; bought by J. and B. F. Snow in 1855. The establishment was destroyed by fire in October, 1855. The paper soon reappeared as the S Times, November, +i855-August, 1862: The paper was con- ducted by J. and B. F. Snow with such marked southern pro- clivities and such expressions of sympathy for the southern states that the ninety-fourth regiment, Illinois Volunteers, a McLean Coimty regiment, abetted by prominent citizens, destroyed the office and press, and with them the paper, in August, 1862. A National Flag, 185 5-185 8+ : Published by Samuel Pike and his son, Wallace Pike ; a daily edition was published ini857 by Edson and Aiken. It became the McLean Co. Hist. Soc. Lib. F Illinois Statesman, +1858-1860: Published by Henry P. Mer- riman and Charles E. Orme. McLean Co. Hist. Lib. Illinois Teacher, 1855-1857-I- : The first annual state teachers' institute, held at Peoria originated the idea of the Teacher. W. F. N. Amy was appointed its first editor. It was conducted at Bloomington for two years, with Merriman and Morris as pub- lishers ; then it was moved to Peoria, and later to Springfield. S Illinois Baptist, 1856-1858 (?): A religious publication, pub- lished by William P. Withers; edited by S. J. Bundy, H. J. Eddy, and E. R. Roe. After a brief career it was combined with Northwestern Baptist or Christian Times of Chicago. McLean Co. His. Soc. Lib. F McLean County Echo, June 12, 1863-1864: A daily, edited and published by C. P. Merriman. Vol. i, nos. i, 6, 9, 15 owned by McLean Co. His. Soc. Lib. Republican, May, 1865-17 74: Established as a daily, with Major S. P. Remington as editor. Soon changed to weekly, and con- ducted by A. B. Holmes and brother. Republican Advertiser, 1865-1874: A bi-weekly advertising sheet issued by the Republican. McLean County Journal, 1865-1868+ : Established by F. F. Luse and E. B. Buck. It was sold to A. J. Gofi and changed to Journal, 1868+ : A. J. Goff was editor and proprietor. In No- vember, 1868 Goff sold to Scibird and Waters, who changed it to Leader, +November 15, 1868-May, 1899: John D. Scibird and Orin Waters were proprietors and Elias Smith editor. Estab- lished as a weekly, an afternoon daily was started February 22, 1869. This soon changed to a morning issue but was changed to evening again in 1870. B. F. Diggs and C. P. Merriman were 30 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS political editors ; owned by a stock company,i872-i874,with Orin Waters as manager. In 1874 Orin Waters became sole owner and publisher. In 1875 the establishment became the property of M. F. Leland; in 1891 Leader Publishing Company; in 1893 L. A. Cass was owner and editor; in 1897 Owen Scott and H. C. De Motte, who continued the publication until 1899, when it was absorbed by the Bulletin. Republican. PU Democrat, April, 1868-1873+: S. S. Parke and D. B. Williams are mentioned as the first editors, followed by C. L. Steele, P. H. Hayand E. P. Stephenson. Weekly until April, 1871 ; daily and weekly after that date. Purchased by Joseph Carter and renamed. Anti-Monopolist, +August, 1873-1874+: Established by S. S. Parke. After August, 1873, it was edited and owned by Joseph Carter. Ably edited and frequently quoted. It was merged with the McLean County Anti-Monopolist. Anzeigee, i868-i873(?): A German paper established by G. Clemen. In 1872 C. M. Henrici was editor and proprietor; in 1873 Dr. E. H. Makk, after which it seems to have been dis- continued. Became a semi-weekly. Republican. Temperance Standard, 1868-1873 : A paper devoted to temper- ance and prohibition. J. E. Nichols was editor and owner. Wesleyana, 1866 (?): Issued at Wesleyan University. James H. Shaw was editor; R. A. Eaton and R. B. Cresswell, publishers. Merchants' Advertiser, 1868: Published by A. B. Holmes. Short-lived. Schoolmaster, 1873-1886-I- : Successor, in a way, to the Illinois Schoolteacher. John Hull was the first editor. He was suc- ceeded by Aaron Gove, E. C. Hewitt and John W. Cook. Mr. Cook and R. R. Reeder edited it until 1886, when George P. Brown became editor and the title was changed to Public School Journal. The name was again changed in 1900 to Home and School Education. H Advance, (before 1870) : Had a brief existence. Evening Argus (before 1870) : Deutsche Volks-Zeitung, 1870 : Edited by Carl Vesofski. Short- lived. McLean County Deutsche Presse, March, i87o-(?): Estab- lished by John Koester, and conducted by him until his death, when it was discontinued. Liberal in politics. For several years it was the only German paper in the county. U Alumni Journal, June, 1870-1876: Issued by Illinois Wesleyan University. Edited by Professors H. C. De Motte and B. S. Potter. It was succeeded by BLOOMINGTON, McLEAN COUNTY 31 Students' Journal, 1877-1881 : Published by the Students' Pub- lishing Association of Illinois Wesleyan University; edited by H. C. De Motte. Monthly. Real Estate Journal, 187 1-187 6: O'B. Harris was editor and proprietor. Banner of Holiness, October, i872-(after 1881): Established by Henry Reynolds and John P. Brooks. Brooks sold to L. B. Kemp in 1874; Dr. J. E. Voak became publisher in 1875, and Brooks was editor. Religious. Little Watchman, 1872 (?) : A Sunday School paper pub- lished by the Leader Company, with Levi H. Dowling and Knox P. Taylor as editors and owners. Illinois Trade Review, November, 1872: Established by A. J. GofE and E. C. Hewitt. Short-lived. Enterprise, 1873 : Published by Patrick H. Day. Western Jurist, May, 1874-April 28, 1881 : A monthly law jour- nal, edited by Thomas F. Tipton ; published by Tipton and Hill, 1874-1876; Newton B. Reed was associate editor, William Hill and Company publishers, 1876-1877; Thomas F. Tipton and James B. Black (Indianapolis, Ind.), editors, Newton B. Reed, managing editor, 1877-1878; Orlando W. Aldrich, editor, 1878- 188 1. Title was changed with vol. 4 to Monthly Jurist; the name and character were changed with the issue of June 26, 1879 (vol. 6, no. 9) to Weekly Jurist, a Newspaper. Discontinued April 28, 1881. H McLean County Anti-Monopolist, 1874: Removed from Say- brook by O. C. Sabin. After one year A. J. Goff bought the Anti-Monopolist and combined with it the Saybrook Banner under this title. Supported the Grange movement. It was probably succeeded after about a year by Republic, 1875 : A short-lived paper edited and published by A. J. Goff. Post, 187 4-1878 : A German weekly established by H. J. Stierlin. U Appeal, 1875 : An independent weekly established by Henry Sturges and Thomas WoKe. Suspended after about a year. Western Advance, 1875-1879: Established and edited by Robert D. Addis and George L. Curtis. Odd Fellows Herald, i876-i89i(?): Established by Matthew T. Scott, with George M. Adams as editor. Removed about 189 1. Democratic News, January, 1877-1879: Edited and published by Dudley Creed. Consolidated with the Courier, November, 1879. P 32 ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sunday Herald, July, 1877 : Contmued for only three months. Herald oe Health, 1878 (?) : Published by Dr. Elias W. Gray. Not mentioned in newspaper directory of 1879. Spirit of the Grange, July 22, 1876 ( ?) : A weekly, published by R. M. Guy. Vol. i, no. 7, August 3, 1876, owned by McLean County Historical Society. Sunday Morning Star, 1879-1880: A. B. Holmes, publisher. Short-lived. Sunday Morning Eye, January, 1878-1898 : A society and literary paper, the second attempt at Sunday journalism in Bloomington. Established by H. R. Persinger, who sold in 1886 to George M. Hutchin. Mr. Hutchin sold to the Bulletin in 1898 and the paper was no longer published. The paper is referred to in one place as Saturday Truth and Sunday Eye. Journal, 1878 to date: A German paper established by Frederick A. Schmitt. After a few months H. Meyer became editor and owner. It was later bought by Julius Dietrich, who stUl conducts it. Weekly Courier, 1879: A short-lived Sunday journal. BLUE ISLAND, COOK COUNTY Herald, 1873-1876+: Established by C. A. Feistcom. In 1876 a daily was established under the name of Press. Changed to Standard, + 1876 to date : A. F. Freed, editor and publisher, 1877- ; Wade Errett and John Volp were editors and publishers, 1890-1894; Wade Errett, 1894-1904; L. L. Errett, 1904-1908; C. Errett, 1908 to date. Independent. P BLUFFS, SCOTT COUNTY Record, April 25, 1878 (?): Edited by Dr. W. C. Carver and published by him and James Linkins. W. C. Carver soon be- came sole proprietor and editor. BRADFORD, STARK COUNTY Chronicle, 1871-1872: Established by B. F. Thomson, editor, and E. H. Edwards, publisher. It was printed at Princeton until the Wyoming Post was started, after which it was printed at that oflSce. Short-lived. BRAIDWOOD, WILL COUNTY Western Miner, 1870-187 2: John James and William Mooney were editors; Alexander Mcintosh, publisher. News, 187 2-1874: Established by Jacob Warner. Soon sold to Oliver J. Smith. BUCKINGHAM, KANKAKEE COUNTY 33 Journal, 1872-1876: Established by Thomas Simonton, and con- ducted by him until 1876. Republican, June, 1875- (after 1881) : Established by Fred Dalton. Soon sold to H. H. Parkinson. Became a daily in 1877. Herald, 1876 : A campaign paper run by Jacob Warner. Daily Phcenix, 1877 : Established by R. W. Nelson. Only a few numbers issued. Reporter, i879-(after 1884): Established by Edward D. Conley. BRIGHTON, MACOUPIN COUNTY Advance, April, 1871-1880: A. G. Meacham was editor and pro- prietor until 1875, when A. M. Parker bought in the Shipman True Flag and the firm became Meacham and Parker. R. D. Suddeth leased Meacham's interest in 1876. and was succeeded in 1877 by L. H. Chapin. Parker bought Meacham's share in the next year and continued the paper. Neutral in politics till 1876, thenceforward Republican. U News, 1879 to date: Established with Holly Glenny as editor; Snively and Kessner, publishers. After a year L. H. Chapin succeeded Glenny. Later a Mr. Robertson bought the paper; then Frank Merrill, succeeded by William C. Merrill. A. Wil- liam and George Amass bought the paper from Merrill, and in 1907 sold to W. D. and Roscoe Franklin. They sold January I, 1909, to W. B. Teistort, and he, July i, 1909, to Frank W. Lauck. BRIMFIELD, PEORIA COUNTY Gazette, 1874-1879-I- : Established by R. H. MiUer, who later moved the paper to Elmwood and from there issued a Brimfield edition with C.H.Hamilton as associate editor. Independent. U Peoria County News, 1879 to date: Established by Moody and Chapman; sold to R. P. Chaddock, 1880; Charles F. Overacker, 1888; J. F. Pope and Addison Pacey, 1889; Addison Pacey, 1894 to date. Files since 1889 in the office. The name has been changed to the Brimfield News. Independent. BRISTOL, KENDALL COUNTY Kendall Clarion, 1859-1861. BUCKINGHAM, KANKAKEE COUNTY Monitor, 1879-f : Established by William L. Courow. Bought by John W. Bartholomew and changed to News, -Fi879-(after 1883) : Established by John W. Bartholomew; sold to a Mr. Van Doren, who was conducting it in 1883. It has since been discontinued. 34 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS BUCKLEY, IROQUOIS COUNTY Enquirer, 1875- (?): Lowe and Riggs were editors and publishers, 1875-1876; Lowe and Cowan, 1877; Lowe and Warren, 1880; E. W. Warren, 1882; J. F. Pierson, 1884. In- dependent. Printed at the oflSce of the Onarga Review. BUDA, BUREAU COUNTY Telegraph, 1869-1870: Charles M. King, editor and publisher. Call, October 26, 1877-1879: Established by M. M. Monteith and continued about two years. Home Guard, 1879-I- : Established by H. P. Fitch. Soon changed to Weekly Call, + 1879+ : And sold to D. B. Payne, who changed the name to Gleaner, +1879-1880+: This continued one year, when it became the Bureau County Times. In 1882 it became the Buda Press Afterward discontinued. BUNKER HILL, MACOUPIN COUNTY Journal, December, 1859-May, i860: Edited by E. J. Bronson. Union Gazette, January, i866-i869(?)+ : Established by A. W. Edwards and conducted by him as a Republican paper until January, 1867, when he sold to A. R. Sawyer and F. Y. Hedley, who made it Independent in politics. Sawyer died in 1868 and the paper again became Republican under Hedley. The name was changed to Gazette, +i869(?) to date: F. Y. Hedley continued as editor and proprietor until January, 1878, when W. S. Silence became publisher. Said and Poorman leased the paper in January, 1879. Later, Phil C. Hansen edited the paper for a stock company of local merchants, who l:>ought it about 1895. Hansen bought the stock later and sold in 1903 to W. B. PoweU, then running the News (established 1900), who combined the two as Gazette-News, an Independent paper. He sold to Edward Wilson in 1904, who a year later sold to Truesdale, the present editor and publisher. Independent Republican. P BUSHNELL, McDONOUGH COUNTY Union Press, 1865-1868+: Established by D. G. Swan. After about two years he sold to Andrew Hageman, who changed its name to Record, +1868 to date: After two years sold to A. W. Van Dyke; he sold in 1873 to S. A. Epperson and W. A. Spencer. Epperson became sole owner in 1874. In 1879 it was edited and published CAIRO, ALEXANDER COUNTY 35 by the Record Publishing Company. In 1907 John R. Camp was editor and publisher. Republican. People's Paper, 1872-1873 : D. G. Swan was editor and publisher. Gleaner, January, i876-(after 1884) : Established and edited by J. E. Cummings; Van Dyke and Cummings, 1882; A. W. Van Dyke, 1884. Independent. Discontinued. BYRON, OGLE COUNTY News, 1874-1877 : Established by Isaac B. Bickford, who had pur- chased the Forreston Journal, moved it to Byron and changed its name. It was not revived after the fire of November 13, 1877, when the oflSce was entirely destroyed. Times, 1876 ( ?) : Established by E. H. Love, soon succeeded by Dr. Wm. F. Artz, who sold to C. E. Howe. On May i, 1877 G. W. Hawkes purchased an interest in the paper, and it was pub- lished by Howe and Hawkes until October 22, 1877, when Howe retired and Hawkes assumed entire management. Apparently it had been discontinued before 1881. Express, 1878 (?): Ervin and Hewitt were editors and publishers; in 1884, A. W. Ervin. CAIRO, ALEXANDER COUNTY Gazette, 1841: Established by a Mr. McNeer. The paper was forced to discontinue after a short time, owing to its failure to support one Holbrook, then the most influential man of Cairo. Delta, i 848-1 849: Established by Add Saunders; neutral as to politics. Afile, April 13, 1848- July, 1849, is extant in Cairo. F Sun, 1851-1852: Established by Frank Rawlings. It was run in the interest of the Emporium City Company, which company desired to break down Cairo and to build the great city at that point. Democratic. City Times, 1851-1855+: Edited by Len G. Faxon and W. A. Hacker, 1854-1855; latter part of 1855 by Hacker and WiUett. It was merged with the Delta. Democratic. Delta, 1855-!-: It contained in its columns but little politics. Edited by L. G. Faxon, and after four months' existence it united with the Times and became known as the Times and Delta, -1-1855-1859: Edited by Faxon and E. WiUett. Tri-weekly and weekly. Egyptian, 1856+ : Established by Messrs. Bond and McGinnis. This was Ben Bond, the youngest son of the first governor of Illinois. Democratic. It soon passed under the control of S. S. Brooks, and the name was changed to F 36 ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS Gazette, +1856-1864: Edited by Mr. Brooks, 1856-1858; John A. and James Hull, 1858-1859; M. B. HarreU, 1859-1864. It was destroyed by fire in 1858 and the Messrs. Hull moved the Carbondale Transcript to Cairo. Harrell sold the paper in 1864 to Cairo News Company, Republican, organized by John H. Barton. Journal, 1858: Published for only a few months. A German paper. Zeitung, 1859: Published semi-weekly for four months. It was issued from the office of the Gazette. Egyptian Obelisk, 1861: Established by William Hunter; Re- publican; continued through two issues only. Daily News, 1863-1865: Established by a joint stock company under management of John W. Trover; Republican; the first Cairo paper to take the Associated Press dispatches. Dan Munn, its first editor, was succeeded in a short time by John A. HuU. Publication continued intermittently until 1865. Democrat, August 3, 1863-1868: Daily and weekly; established by Thomas Lewis, who moved it from Springfield, Illinois. This was the first efi^ort made to run a fully equipped metropolitan daily in Cairo. A serious obstacle was the maintenance of mar- tial law in the town. AU of southern Illinois and parts of Ken- tucky and Missouri supported the Democrat. H. C. Bradsby was first editor, assisted by C. C. Phillips and John W. McKee. Bradsby was succeeded after one year by J. Birney Marshall, who, retiring after some months, was succeeded by Joel G. Morgan. After a short time John H. Oberly replaced Morgan. In 1868 the Democrat and the Cairo Times, were consolidated under the name Democrat; John H. Oberly, editor; H. L. Goodall, general superintendent. After fifteen months the paper was sold by the sheriff to John H. Oberly, and publication ceased. Files are owned by Hon. J. M. Lansden, as follows: October- December, 1865; 1866, 1867, a part of 1868. SHP Camp Register: May, June, July, 1861. Daily, for soldiers mostly. Daily Dramatic News, winter of 1864-1865 : Published by H. L. Goodall in the interest of the Cairo Atheneum. War Eagle, 4-1864-1866-!-: A soldiers' paper first published at Columbus, Kentucky, by H. L. Goodall, who moved it, 1864, to Cairo; Republican; enlarged and published from the latter part of 1866 as the Times, +1866-1878+: Major Caffrey was general editor. After a brief suspension it was revived, 1868-1871, by H. L. Goodall. In 1869 it was published by GoodaU Brothers. In CAIRO, ALEXANDER COUNTY 37 1878 it was absorbed by the Democrat. FUes of the War Eagle, for three or four months indudmg AprU, 1865, are owned by Mr. Lansden. Republican. Daily, then daily and weekly. P Monday Leader, March, 1865 (?): Vol. i, no. 4, April 17, 1865, is in the Public Library. P City Item, September, 1865-1866: Established by Bradsby and Field; not a serious effort at a paper; Independent in politics; lived something over a year. P Union, 1866: Established by H. L. Goodall; Mr. Hutchinson, editor. The paper was soon sold to J. H. Barton and publica- tion discontinued. Republican. Sunday Leader, 1866; Established by Edward S. Trover. A literary paper, issued every Sunday morning; its editor was the sole contributor. Olive Branch, 1867 : By Mrs. Mary Hutchinson; a family paper; lived one year. Bulletin, November, 1868 to date: Daily; established by John H. Oberly, who was chief editor, with M. B. Harrell as associate. July, 1878, the office was leased to Mr. Burnett, who, January i, 1881, became sole owner and proprietor. During the first years of Burnett's control, M. B. HarreU was editor. He was suc- ceeded by Ernest Thielecke, and he, by the present editor, E. W. Thielecke. Files, 1868-1882, are owned by Hon. J. M. Lansden. PU Sun, 1869-1881 : Established by D. L. Davis. After a few months, changed to a daily and soon thereafter sold to the Jay brothers, who, having discontinued the publication of the Sun started the News, January i, 1881. After the daily was established the weekly was called Sun and Commercial. A file, August- October, 1878, is owned by Hon. J. M. Lansden. U Paper, 1871-1876: Established by M. B. HarreD; name changed after a short time to Gazette, which it remained until 1876, when the paper was sold and moved to Clinton, Kentucky. Democratic. Commercial, 1872-1873-}-: Louis L. Davis was editor. Consoli- dated with Sun in 1873. Argus- Journal, +i876-October, 1907: Begun ini 864 at Mound City as Weekly Argus and Mound City Journal, this paper was moved to Cairo in 1876, named Argus-Journal, and issued from both towns. Edited and published by H. F. Potter. Indepen- dent. Soon after the office was moved to Cairo, there was issued from the s.ame office the IT 38 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Dajxy Argus, 1878-October, 1907 : An independent paper edited and published by H. F. Potter. It was discontinued with the preceding. U Radical Republican, 1878: Issued for a short time from the office of the Sun. Louis L. Davis was editor and publisher. Three States, (?) -February, 1883: Colored; politics un- known; died February, 1883. Gazette, (?) (?): W. T. Scott, a negro, was editor, proprietor, and publisher. CALEDONIA, PULASKI COUNTY Pulaski Democrat, (?) (?) : Given in Gerhard's list for 1856 as published by Mr. Miller. CAMBRIDGE, HENRY COUNTY Henry County Gazette, i853-i856(?); Edited by J. W. Eystra. Sold to citizens of Kewanee. Henry County Chronicle, 1858 to date : The first editor was Dr. Dunn, 1858-1861. In i860 Messrs. Patten and Denison leased the ofiice and press of the company. Mr. Patten was both owner and editor, 1861-1866; Everett and Casson, 1866-1867; George C. Smithe, 1867 till after 1879; in 1907 edited and published by John M. Mavity. Democrat, July, 1869-1871+ : Started by a number of Democrats, with J. L. Rock, from the Chicago Times, as editor. After a few months it was sold, and then edited by J. G. Ayers until 1871, when it was sold to B. W. Seaton, who brought his Prairie Chief from Galva via Toulon and renamed the Democrat Prairie CniEr, + November, 1871 to date: Given in Rowell as a Democratic paper established in 1867, and edited and published in 1879 by B. W. Seaton. The name was afterward changed to Chiej. In February, 1902, B. W. Seaton sold his interest to his son, John H. Seaton, the present editor and publisher. U CAMP POINT, ADAMS COUNTY Enterprise, April, 1866-November, 1872: Established by Wil- liam R. Carr. In 1869 Ira D. Chamberlain was editor and E. E. B. Sawyer, publisher. Material purchased to establish the Journal. No fUes in existence. Journal, February, 1873 to date: Established by George W. Cyrus and Thomas Bailey. Mr. Bailey retired in 1876; Mr. Cyrus still publishes the paper. Independent in politics. Com- plete files in the office. CANTON, FULTON COUNTY 39 CANTON, FULTON COUNTY Herald, 1837: Edited by G.B.Perry and P. Stone. It was short-lived. Western Telegraph, 1840-1841+: Edited by Stone and Christ. Changed to Fulton Telegraph, +1841 : Edited by Messrs. A. L. Davison and P. Stone, and published by Mr. Stone. A Fulton Baitoer, 1843 (?): Augustus R. Sparks was editor and publisher in 1846. Democratic. A Democratic Repository, 1847-1848 : Edited by C. J. Sellon. Register, 1849 to date: For a few months it was edited by C. J. Sellon, and the next few months by Slaughter and Sharkey. With Mr. Sharkey as sole proprietor it was edited for a short time by John S. Winter. In 1849 Mr. Sharkey secured the services of John S. Brooks as editor, when it became a Democratic organ, being neutral before. It soon became neutral again, but opposed the Kansas-Nebraska bill. In 1856 it became Republican. In February, 1850, its publication ceased and the ofiice fell into the hands of T. Maple, who, in August, 1850, sold it to Thomas J. Walker of BeUevUle, Illinois. He revived it and employed Wil- liam H. Haskell as editor. M. A. L. Davidson became partner and editor. From 1852 to 1853 the paper was run by Mr. Nicolet and Mr. Davidson. In 1853 Mr. Davidson died and his interest was purchased by Alpheus Davison — it now became neutral as to politics.* It was suspended for two months bx 1862, both of its proprietors being in the army. In 1866 the firm name became Nicolet and Magie, issuing a Republican paper. Later the firm name was Magie and Tanquary; in 1875 Mr. Magie became sole proprietor. Jesse N. Berry and E. R. Magie, son of former editor, leased and edited it from 1877-1878, when James K. Magie and Son became its editors. In 1878 it favored the National Greenback party and lost its influence. Then C. E. Snively purchased it, changed it to a Republican organ, and has conducted it ever since. Files in the ofl&ce. A daily was started in 1890. SUF Illinois Public Ledger, 1854 to date: It was started at Lewis- town in 1850, and is now known as the Fulton County Ledger. Edited by Griffith and Bideman, 1854-1856; Thornton and Bideman, 1856-1857; S. Y. Thornton, 1857-August 2, 1909, on which date S. Y. Thornton died and was succeeded by his son, W. E. Thornton. Mr. Thornton was the first editor to give space to local notes in the Ledger. The Illinois Public Ledger was changed to the Fulton Ledger, and after Mr. Thornton got possession it was changed to the Fulton County Ledger. Demo- cratic. F 40 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Advertiser, 1877-1879+: Established by Horace J. Leigh and Gilbert L. Miller. Successively non-partisan, Republican, non-partisan. C. W. Kent purchased Mr. Miller's interests in 1879, when the paper changed its name to Courier, -i-1873-1875: Davidson and Son, editors and publishers. Illinois Master Workman, 1875-1878: Succeeded by Advertiser, 1878 (?) : This was succeeded by Times, 1879 ( ?) : " Independent of party or sect." Succeeded in turn by Republican, Cantonian, and Leader, the last of which expired in 1906. H CAPRON, BOONE COUNTY Messenger, 1869-1871: Edited and published by Wing and Saw- yer, 1870; M. W. Nesmith and Rev. J. Hitchcock, 187 1. Herald, 1878 (?)- 1887 : A. H. S. Perkins ran this paper "for eight or ten years" and discontinued it in 1887. CARBONDALE, JACKSON COUNTY Transcript, i857-i858-f : Edited by J. A. Hull. The paper was moved to Cairo in 1858. Files in possession of General D. H. Brush, U. S. A. (See Cairo Gazette.) Times, 1859-1863+ : Established and edited by J. A. HuU. Al- though Democratic in its politics it denounced the Southern cause and strongly favored the Union. It is said to have been the first Democratic paper in the West to assume this attitude. Hull sold in 1863 to J. H. Vincent, who changed the name to New Era, -f 1863-1873-f : J. H. Vincent, who had made the paper Republican, sold tojohn H.Barton in 1866. Ini87o, J.H.Barton is named as editor; Hull and Roberts, 1871 ; John A. Hull, 1872. Sold to Reverend Andrew Luce, who changed the name to Observer, -|- i873-i883(?) : Luce sold after several years to Colonel D. H. Brush, who soon sold to C. W. Jerome. Reverend Mr. Holding became editor. In 1876 Will, Van Benthusen and Mor- gan bought the paper, but in 1877 it reverted to Mr. Jerome, who later sold to A. Ackerman, who was editor and publisher in 1879. Republican. Herald oe Truth, i 869(7) (?) : Weekly. Jackson County Era and Southern Illinoisan, 1873 (?): Published at Murphysboro ; dated from Murphysboro and Car- bondale. Republican. (See Murphysboro.) CARLINVILLE, MACOUPIN COUNTY 41 Democrat, 1876: A Democratic campaign sheet established by Bell Irvin, who edited it till August, when it was taken in charge by John W. Burton. He sold to Morgan Brothers, who started the Free Press, 1877 to date : Edited at first by J. H. Barton ; and pub- lished by the Free Press Company in 1907. It is managed by Charles Reith and John Galbraith. A daily was started in 1903. CARLINVILLE, MACOUPIN COUNTY Macoupin Statesman, March 4, 1852-1855+ : Edited by Jefferson L. Dugger, 1852-1855. It was an advocate of Whig principles. Changed to SF Macoupin County Spectator, +1855-1868+: Edited by George H. Holliday, who made it a Democratic paper, 1855-1857; Charles E. Foote, 1857-1858; John F. Meginness, 1858-1861; Messrs. Shinkel and Gray, 1861-1862; Horace Gwin, 1862; J. R. Flynn and P. B. Vanderen, 1862. The last named soon became the responsible proprietor and editor and he continued it until 1868, when the Merritts of Springfield and J. A. I. Bird- sell became possessed of it. Pending the negotiations between Foote and Meginness the Spectator was suspended from De- cember 21, 1858, to January 12, 1859. The Merritts were con- nected with the paper for only a short time. Birdsell changed its name to Macoupin Times, -f-i 868-1 871 -I- : He remained its editor, 1868- 1870; H. R. Whipple, 1870-1871. In 1871 the leading men of the Democratic party of CarlinvOle concluded to form a joint stock company and publish a more thoroughly Democratic paper. The work of canvassing for the stock was assigned to Restores C. Smalley. When the stock was sold and the money raised, the company bought the Times printing office. The name of the paper was changed to Macoupin County Enquirer, +1871 to date: Edited by E. A. Snively, 1871-1877 ; Samuel Reed, 1877-1879. In 1873 the com- pany leased the institution to Mr. Snively and he published it until 1877, when W. H. Reed leased it. In January, 1879, Reed was succeeded by E. A. Snively and L. C. Glessner, and in March, 1883, Mr. Glessner sold out to Mr. Snively, who soon sold the paper to E. B. Buck. In August, 1886, W. J. and C. J. Lumpkin took charge of the paper and eventually bought it. Since the death of W. J. Lumpkin a few years ago C. J. Lumpkin has been owner, editor, and publisher. When Messrs. Snively and Gless- ner succeeded Mr. Reed, they discontinued the Herald. The paper was semi-weekly untQ 1879. A daily was started in 1896. Democratic. 42 ILLINOIS mSTORICAL COLLECTIONS Free Democrat, September 6, 1856-1867+: Edited by William C. Phillips for the first month ; Mr. Phillips and Henry M. Kim- ball, 1856-1859. Phillips announced in the first number that the paper was Republican, would support Fremont and stand by the ticket of the Bloomington convention. In 1859 Mr. Kimball purchased Mr. Phillips' interest and remained sole proprietor for eight years. When Mr. Kimball assumed pro- prietorship John M. Palmer took charge of the editorial depart- ment as political editor and continued so till near the end of the year, when he was nominated for Congress. From that date tOl 1867, Mr. KimbaU was sole editor and proprietor. In March, 1867, the name was changed to AF Democrat, +March, 1867 to date: Edited and managed by A. W. Edwards and H. M. Kimball, 1867-1872; H. M. Kimball, 1872- 1879. A. G. David was manager 1879-1881. Since 1882 it was published and edited by A. G. David until October i, 1901, when James E. McClure bought A. G. David's stock and became publisher. From 1856 to 1868 the Democrat was issued weekly, then weekly and semi-weekly until October, 1898, daUy then until May 24, 1902. The paper has always been Republican. There is a complete file in the office. S Conservative, March 24-June 2, 1868: A campaign paper edited by George H. HoUiday and published by the Macoupin Printing Company. FUe owned by A. G. David and by the Macoupin Printing Company. VoLKSBLATT, May-November, 1870: A German campaign organ, with Theodore Fischer as editor. Blackburn Gazette, October, 1871-1873: A monthly quarto published at Blackburn University. Edited by students. Macoupin County Herald, March, 1879 (?): A Demo- cratic paper established by L. C. Glessner, with E. A. Snively as editor. After a short time it was merged in the Enquirer. Macoupin Anzeiger, 1879 : Established by H. Schlange. German. CARLYLE, CLINTON COUNTY Beacon, 1843: Edited by George B. Price. Whig. It was sus- pended, revived, and changed to Truth Teller, 1844-1846 : Edited by Mr. Price and Benjamin Bond. In 1846 Mr. Price moved to it CarroUton and founded the Carrollton Gazette (which see). The Truth Teller was also an organ of the Whigs. Prairie Flower, 1851 : Founded by Benjamin Bond and edited by E. Z. C. Judson ; later by Zophar Case. CARLYLE, CLINTON COUNTY 43 Age of Progress, 1853-1854+ : Published by J. W. Snow and edited by Mr. Bond. Changed to Calumet of Peace, +1854-1859+ : Edited and published by Ben- jamin Bond, 1854-1857 ; C. C. McGinnis and Henry Pallies proprietors and Mr. Bond editor, 1857-1858; Zophar Case and Company, 1858-1859. Changed to Revtelle, +1859-1863+ : Edited and published by C. C. McGinnis and J. W. Peterson. They changed it from a Democratic to a Republican paper, and changed the name to Union Banner. Union Banner, +1863 to date: Established by McGinnis and J. W. Peterson. McGinnis sold his half interest to Thomas S. Smith, Henry Hess, W. H. Gray and E. C. Dew. Gray and Hess were the publishers. Gray was succeeded by J. E. Henry as editor; in 1864 Henry was succeeded by Gray. February 2, 1865, G. M. Prior and M. G. Beviall leased the office and con- tinued publication until January 11, 1866, when J. W. Peterson returned from the war. bought out their claims and continued publication. He was editor and publisher until his death, about 1898, when John Ruf bought the paper and still runs it. Zeitung, 1 860-1 86 1 : A German paper organized by Messrs. Mc- Ginnis and Peterson. Edited by Victor Wilhelm, later by Mr. Kayser. Continued one year. Constitution and Union, 1863 to date : A Democratic paper estab- lished by a stock company, with James Barkley as editor and business manager. In 1864 he was succeeded by Zophar Case, who after two years took the subscription lists and commenced the Vindicator, September, 1867, upon which the Constitution and Union stockholders secured Alfred Padon to conduct the paper. He was not satisfactory and in May, 1868, Hardin Case, son of Zophar Case, took the office under a lease of five years. Before the end of the five years Case purchased the stock and became sole owner. January i, 1868, a partnership was formed between Hardin Case and George E. Doying, which continued until February i, 1874, when John Schuster was admitted to the firm. Doying retired in 1876; Schuster in 1877. M. E. Drum bought the plant in 1880 and sold to Case in 1881. Case sold July, 1 881, to Moore and Shoupe; Shoupe and R. H. Norfolk, 1885-1892 ; T. D. and R. M. Shoupe, 1892-1899. W. C. Shoupe entered the firm in 1897. R. M. Shoupe retired in 1903 and T. D. and W. C. Shoupe have continued the paper under the firm name of T. D. Shoupe and Son. The name was changed to Constitution in 1896. Files from 1881 in the oflSce. Vindicator, September, 1 867-1 868: Established by Zophar Case. 44 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Clinton County Pioneer, February, 1874-1878. Established by Hardin Case. George E. Doying, and John Schuster. It was issued from the Constitution-Union office. In 1876 Doy- ing retired and his interest was purchased by H. Case. Schuster retired in 1877. Case sold the paper to F. Hildebrandt; publi- cation was suspended in April, 1878. German. Sued Illinois Zeitung, 1876- (about 1898) : A paper established by John Ruf, who was editor and proprietor until about 1898, when, on the death of J. W. Peterson, Ruf bought the Union Banner and discontinued the Zeitung. German Republican. CARMI, WHITE COUNTY White County News, 1833: White County Advocate, +1859-1873-I- : A Democratic paper moved from Grayville to Carmi before the fall of 1859 (See Grayville). In the course of 1858-1859 the Advocate was edited by Henry Charles, R. F. Stewart and John Craig, who moved it to Carmi; George A. Malone, fall of 1859 to August, 1869; Charles W. Beck, August, 1869- March 20, 1873. Mr. Beck changed the name of the paper to the Weekly Courier, March, i873-(after 1883): Originally the W^Aite County Advocate; .-.hanged by Mr. Beck before he sold to W. F. Palmer, March 20, 1873. While still in Mr. Palmer's charge, February, 1881, the name was changed to the Dollar Courier. W. F. Palmer was succeeded January 15, 1882, by C. L. Hayes. Mr. Hayes was still editor of the Courier in 1883. Times, July, 1872 to date: Established by Thomas L. and Andrew Joy, with the firm name of E. Joy and Sons. E. Joy's connection was financial. AU of the editorial and mechanical work was done by the Joy Brothers. From August 29, 1873, to 1888 the Joy Brothers had complete charge. T. L. Joy went to Centralia in 1888 and bought the Sentinel. Republican in politics; the paper began its career by supporting Grant for president and Oglesby for governor. CARROLLTON, GREENE COUNTY Advocate, 1843- (?): It was the first paper published in the county. Edited by Edward F. Fletcher who had been con- nected with the publication of the Backwoodsman in Jerseyville. Gazette, 1846 to date: A paper "devoted to politics, agri- culture, literature and morality," edited by George B. Price, 1846-1860; H. L. Clay, 1860-1863; Thomas D. Price, 1863- 1881; H. H. Montgomery, 1881-1883; H. P. Farrelly, 1883- 1886; then by James McNabb. W. A. Hubbard and James CARTHAGE, HANCOCK COUNTY 45 McNabb were editors and publishers in 1907. It espoused the cause of the Whig party until 1856, when it supported John C. Frbmont. Since that campaign it has advocated Democratic principles. Complete files in office. F Observer, about 1847 = A. Democratic paper listed in Illinois An- nual Register for 1847. A.. S. Tilden was editor. Greene County Banner, i848-( after 1849): Started by John Fitch. Democratic. It is listed in Coggeshall's Newspaper Directory published in 1856. F Democrat, 1855-1856: Edited by H. C. Withers. Press, 1858-1861+: A Republican paper edited by S. P. Orr. Changed to Patriot, +1861 to date: Edited by Elder Craig, followed by Wil- liam B. Fairchild; Lee, Lusk and Piatt; Miner and Lindley, 1873-1875; Clement L. Clapp, 1876-1888; Charles Bradshaw, 1888 to date. Republican. Files since 1875 are in the office. Gospel Echo: Name given in Rowell for 1869 with no report. Listed by Cook and Cobum, 1869. CARTHAGE, HANCOCK COUNTY Carthagenian, June, 1836-1837 : It was the first paper in the county and was edited by Thomas Gregg. Finally it was purchased by Dr. Isaac Galland and taken to Montrose, Iowa, and was known there as the Western Adventurer. Echo, 1836: It was issued only a few months, being a campaign sheet advocating the election of General Harrison to the presi- dency. Issued from the office of the Carthagenian by Walter Bagley. Western Emigrants' Magazine and Historian of Times in the West, April, 1837 (?): A monthly publication established by Thomas Gregg as a guide to those who might be lured to the new Bounty Land district. A Republican, 1853 to date: Published and edited by Clarke and Manier, 1853-1854; G. M. Childs, 1854-1861; R. W. Mc- Claughry, 1861-1863; J. M. Davison, 1863-1894; Mrs. S. C. Davison, and later I. C. Davison, 1894 to date. Mr. Childs converted it from an Independent to an intensely Democratic sheet, but under Mr. McClaughry it supported the cause of the Union. After the war it became under Mr. Davison a Demo- cratic paper. There are files in the office since 1863. Earlier copies (scattered) in the hands of J. B. Gordon of Hamilton. (See Warsaw Commercial Journal) ULF Transcript, 1860-1862 : Established by James K. Magie. 46 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Gazette, 1865 to date: Conducted by a Mr. Fowler, then by him and Noble L. Prentis. In 1869 or 1870 it was bought by Thomas C. Sharp and conducted by him as a Republican paper until his death April 9, 1894; since then his son W. O. Sharp has been manager. UL Hancock Democrat, December, 1869+ : Removed in 1869 to Dal- las by G. M. Childs. Carthaginian, 187 8-1 881 : Published under the management of the faculty and literary societies of Carthage College. Printed at the office of the Republican. CASEY, CLARK COUNTY Times, August, 1872-1897+ : Established as an Independent paper by John Garrison and B. F. Ward; H. A. Boyd purchased Gar- rison's interest after seven months and made the paper a Green- back organ, later a Democratic sheet. (Moved to Marshall and merged into the Illinoisan ? See Banner.) Exponent, i 877-1878: A Republican paper started by a stock company and edited by Edward Hitchcock, and Hitchcock and Garrison. Moved to Mt. Huron. Banner, 1879 to date: Started by B. F. Ward; an Independent weekly. It was united with the Times as Banner-Times, in 1897, when Fred E. Moore bought the papers. Sold to F. L. GiUespie in 1904; he sold in October, 1904, to H. M. Brooke, who still owns the paper. There were apparently lapses in both papers that are not quite clear. CENTRAL CITY, MARION COUNTY Gazette, 1854-1856: Edited and published by Edward Schiller. Republican. Schiller went to BeUevUle in 1856 and became connected with the Advocate. FUe, vol.' 2, no. 22-37, F^'^" ruary 29 - June 13, 1856, owned by Mrs. James L. Kennedy, Central City. CENTRALIA, MARION COUNTY Gazette, 1856 : It was established by Messrs. Gall and Omelveny. Short-lived. Enterprise, 1856- two months: Edited by D. A. Burton. News Letter, 1857: In 1856 H. S. Blanchard purchased the Ad- vocate of Salem and moved it to Centralia. He formed a partner- ship with Mr. Holcomb and they published the News Letter. Centralian, 1857-1860: It was edited by William Parker, Jr., and published by William aind James Parker. F Rural Press, 1858-1859: It was edited by M. L. McCord, who had moved the oflSce of the Richview Phoenix to Centralia. CHAMPAIGN, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 47 Egyptian Republic, 1859-1861: A Republican paper edited and published by J. G. D. Pettijohn, 1859-1861; Messrs. Blackford and Taylor, publishers, with Mr. Pettijohn as editor, 1861. It was edited and published for a short period in 1861 by Wesley Bailey, when the ofi&ce was closed. Independent, 1861 : Edited by N. W. Fuller. Commercial, April-September, 1861 : Issued by E. T. Thorp. Suspended September i, same year. Meteor, December 20, 1861-1862 : Edited and published by Henry Welker. Actively Union in its sympathies. Vol. i, no. 11, March i, 1862, owned by Mrs. EUen Smith, Central City, lUinois. Sentinel, May, 1863 to date: Established by J. W. and C. D. Fletcher, with E. S. Condit and J. W. Fletcher as editors, but it is said Mr. Condit's editorial connection with the paper was only nominal. After a year J. W. and F. W. Fletcher became the editors and publishers. In 1869, J. C. Cooper bought the interest of J. W. Fletcher and the Sentinel was published by J. C. Cooper and C. D. Fletcher, until 1872, when L. C. Wilcox purchased the interest of J. C. Cooper. On January i, 1875, it passed into the hands of J. W. and F. W. Fletcher, who were succeeded by Frank D. Goodall, and later by J. N. Kerr. Kerr sold in Octo- ber, 1888, to T. L. Joy, who was editor and publisher until 1906, when he was succeeded by Vem E. Joy. Daily established in 1884. Republican. Democrat, November, 1867 to date: Established by W. H. Mantz. Afterwards Isaac McClelland became nominally a co-editor and publisher with Mr. Mantz. In October, 1870, the office was partly destroyed by fire, but the press soon after came into the possession of S. P. Tufts, by whom the paper was revised and continued ; and from February, 187 1 , the Democrat was published by Mr. Tufts, until 1884, when he was succeeded by C. D. Tufts, who still conducts it. The Daily Democrat was begun May 20, 1892. Industrial, i87S-i879(?): Edited and published in 1879 by J. W. Evarts. Independent. CHAMPAIGN, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY Spirit of the Agricultural Press, May, 1857, till autumn : Estab- lished at what was then called West Urbana, by L. G. Chase and Albert Gore. Agriculture, politics, and local affairs were given attention. ^ Central Illinois Gazette, March, 1858-1861-I-, 1868 to date: Established by John W. Scroggs and Company (Cunningham 48 ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS and Flynn) out of the materials of the Press, as a Republican paper. William O. Stoddard was associated with Scroggs as an editor until i860. Sold to John Carrothers of the Union, Ur- bana, and the papers were combined as the UA Champaign County Union and Gazette, +1862 to date: This combination continued for about a year. Then the Gazette was bought, moved to Urbana, and continued by John W. Summers until the summer of 1864 ; John Robbins a short time ; George W. Flynn, George N. Richards with J. O. Cunningham as editor, October, 1864, to April, 1866 ; Flynn alone until 1868; moved back to Champaign by George Scroggs and Flynn, 1868- 1879, where it has remained ever since. The name was changed to Champaign County Gazette in 1869. After 1879 it was con- ducted by Scroggs's executor, H. J. Dunlap, who sold to H. H. Harris, whereupon J. R. Stewart became editor. Mr. Stewart, O. L. Davis, and E. C. Flanigan bought the plant February 7, 1900, and still own and conduct the paper. The daUy edition was begun November 6, 1883. The Gazette was one of the earliest papers to advocate the nomination of Lincoln for president. US Union, August, + 1 859-1 882 : Established at Urbana (which see) in 1852. It was moved to Champaign in 1859 by David S. and Charles E. Crandall. In 1861 they sold to John Carrothers, who, in the winter of 1862-1863 bought the Central Illinois Gazette and united the two papers. In 1865 the property of the Union reverted to the Crandalls. David S. and Dudley S. Crandall continued it until 1868, when they sold to H. L. Nicolet and C. E. Schoff ; Schofi and I. H. Moore, 1877-1882. For a time between 1865 and 1868 the name was changed to Saturday Visitor. File owned by J. O. Cunningham, Urbana. Illinois Democrat, March, 1867-1872+: Established by George N. Richards and Rufus P. Canterbury, who moved from Urbana the Champaign County Journal. After one year Canterbury sold to Richards. P. I.,ochrie bought an interest in April, 1869, and became sole owner in October. G. W. Gore was editor for a while in 1869. In 1872 the establishment was bought by William Haddock, who changed the name to Liberal Democrat, + August, 1872+ : WiUiam Haddock con- ducted the paper in support of Horace Greeley for the presidency. The name was soon changed to TiMES,^ -t-1872 to date: William Haddock was owner and editor until 1879. The paper was then bought by William H. Smyzer, WiUiam J. Mize, and Isaac Fielding. Elmer F. Powers soon afterward bought an interest. In 1887 Smyzer sold to his part- CHARLESTON, COLES COUNTY 49 ners and Mize soon afterward did likewise. Messrs. Powers and Fielding have since conducted the paper as a weekly. A daily was issued for a few months in 1906. Journal, 1876-1879 ( ?) : A German paper established by Theodore Fisher and John Becker. Becker soon bought Fisher's interest and associated with him his son. CHANDLERVILLE, CASS COUNTY New Era, February 7, 1874-1875: Established by John J. Bunce; J. J. Bunce and Son, publishers. Discontinued in the summer of 1875- Cass County Journal, August 5, 1876-August 3, 1878+ : Estab- lished by Charles A. Pratt, who after two years of service to Democracy sold the paper to Skaggs Brothers. They changed the name to Independent, + August 3, 1878-1882+: Edited by John W. Skaggs, published by John W. and Gilbert Skaggs. After one month, G. B. Skaggs alone undertook the combined labors of editor and publisher. Ebenezer Spink bought an interest in December, 1879, and resold to Skaggs in 1881. Spink bought out Skaggs in 1882 and changed the name to Sangamon Valley Times, which was changed to Chandlerville Times in 1887. E. O. Spink became business manager in 1904, and bought the paper in 1908. Independent. Files in the office. CHARLESTON, COLES COUNTY Courier, 1841-1863+ : Established as a Whig organ by William Harr and William Workman. Mr. Workman soon retired and his place was afterward filled by George Harding, who was con- nected with the paper until 1857. Mr. Harr conducted the paper alone from 1857 to 1863, when he sold out to Eli Chittenden, and John S. Theaker, who made the paper Republican and changed its name to AH Plaindealer, +1863 to date: In the late sixties Al and Lucien Dimbar were publishers. The former sold to A. E. Eaton ; the property reverted to Dunbar and was sold to John A. Martin, A., and W. M. McConnell. In 1889 they sold to H. B. Glassco. Later the Plaindealer Printing Company was organized. This company published the Plaindealer; bought the Herald (estab- lished 1881); and became the Plain dealer-Herald Company. A daily was started in 1892. Owl, i843-i846(?): Published by James Shoafi. In 1846 Mr. Shoaff went to Greenville, and apparently the Owl was dis- continued. so ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Reporter, 1846 (?) : A Democratic paper edited by W. D. Latshaw. Before January 6, 1849, the title was changed to Illinois Globe/ +i848(?) (?): "A decided and orthodox Democratic journal," edited by W. D. Latshaw and published by Latshaw and Brown. Vol. 4, no. i, was issued July 28, 1849 ; the numbering was evidently continued from the Reporter. PiS Republican, about 1847 : A Whig paper edited by W. W. Bishop. It is listed in Illinois Annual Register for 1847. Coles County Ledger, 1857-1867+: Edited by G. C. and W. P. Harding, 1857-1859; McHenry Brooks, 1859-1867. In 1867 Mr. Brooks sold to James Shoaff and Asa Miller, and they changed its name to F Courier, +1867 to date: Shoaff sold his interest to I. N. Under- wood; later Miller sold to E. B. Buck; then Buck alone was editor and publisher till 1879. George E. Mason was editor and publisher, 1879-1892; Mason and Charles D. Strode, 1892- 1893 ; Strode and Charles L. Lee, 1894; Charles L. Lee became sole owner, January i, 1895. He sold an interest to Cyrus N. Walls, but Walls sold out and Lee now owns the paper. He has been editor and publisher since 1895. A daily was started in 1895. Democratic. Files since 1885 in the office. CHATSWORTH, LIVINGSTON COUNTY Palladium, 1871 (?): George Torrance, editor and publisher. Plaindealer, 1873 (?): Established by E. M. Harte, editor, C. B. Holmes, publisher; John Jackson, editor, John Culver and Company, publishers, 1876; R. M. Spurgin, 1877-1880; James A. Smith, 1882 ( ?). U CHEBANSE, IROQUOIS AND KANKAKEE COUNTIES Herald, 1868 to date: Established, owned, and edited by Thomas Sawyer. In 1897 W. H. Overhue was editor and publisher; in 1902 R. W. Lane became editor and manager and William Lane proprietor. Republican. Independent, 1872-1880: J. De Veling was editor and J. M. De Veling was publisher throughout. CHENOA, McLEAN COUNTY Times, July, 1867-1875+ : Established bj Silas F. Dyer and James McMurtrie. In 1871 Miss L. M. Dyer, sister of S. F. Dyer, after the death of both former owners, edited the paper for .sev- eral months. It was bought by C. H. John and the Bovard Brothers. In 1875 Bovard Brothers bought it and named it ^Harris, ID Negro Servitude in Illinois, 112 n., refers toColesCountyGlobe and Charleston Globe for October, 1847. These may be variants that should find place between Reporter and Illinois Globe. No copy of either of these Globes is known to be in existence. The refetences cited should perhaps be to the Illinois Globe in which case the change from Reporter was made in 1847. CHESTER, RANDOLPH COXJNTY 51 Monitor, +1875-1877+ : Bovard Brothers soon sold to C. H. John, and he to Mann Brothers, who renamed it Gazette, +1877-1900+: C. H. Stickney bought it about 1879. In 1900 it was bought by E. S. Pike and merged in the Clipper, which was established in 1893, and is now owned and published by G. E. Stump. CHERRY VALLEY, WINNEBAGO COUNTY Courier, July-October, 1869 : Established by Dr. L. Foote. Con- tinued three months. CHESTER, RANDOLPH COUNTY Southern Illinois Advocate, April 4, 1839-1840: It was edited by John Smith and H. M. Abbott, and was conducted for the purpose of calling attention to that portion of Illinois lying be- tween the Ohio and Kaskaskia rivers. A Reveille and Homestead Advocate, February 20, 1847-1850: It was edited by O. F. McMillan; established by Robert Smith to promote his candidacy for Congress. Sold in 1850 to Hanna and Whitehurst of the Herald. Herald, 1849-1857 (?): Edited by Messrs. B. J. F. Hanna and Whitehurst, 1849-1853: Hanna and William Phillips, 1853- 1856 ; E. J. Montague, 1856 ( ?). (See KsiskiLskia, Republican.) F Randolph County Democrat, 185 7-1 87 8: Editors and pro- prietors, Judge J. M. Ralls, 1857-1858; H. B. Nisbet and C. C. Clemens, who conducted it independent of politics, 1858- 1860; Mr. Nisbet, who made it a Republican paper, 1 860-1 865 ; John W. Dean and M. W. Rotrock, 1865-1876; Mr. Dean and Mr. Nisbet, 1876-1878. H Egyptian Picket Guard, +1862-1867+: Founded by John R. Shannon and Robert McHenry. P. W. Baker helped organize the paper. In 1863 McHenry withdrew and the paper became a radical Southern partisan. In 1863 it was suspended for two months. Then the Democrats formed a stock company, pur- chased the paper, and dropped Egyptian from the title. S. St. Vrain was general manager, P. W. Baker was publisher, and John R. Shannon continued as editor. Shannon was so active in his criticism of the measures adopted to suppress the Rebellion that a body of soldiers broke into the office in July, 1864, and scattered the type in the streets. The office was refitted. In 1864 John McBride became proprietor. Shannon remained as editor. Ini 865 William H. Toy succeeded McBride. In 1 867 McHenry returned and assumed control, changing the name to S2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Valley Clarion, +1867-1899+: Robert McHenry was editor and publisher until 1868, when he died. Robert E. Deitrich con- tinued the publication until he was succeeded by William J. Armour. In 1869 Charles L. Spencer became editor and pub- lisher; in 1875 he sold to John H. Lindsey and Company; in 1876 the firm was changed to Valley Clarion Printing Company. In 1876 John H. Lindsey sold out to Charles L. Spencer and John McBride; they remained proprietors with Spencer as editor until 1878, when John H. Lindsey purchased the interests of the company and became proprietor; he associated Robert E. Deitrich with him in the editorial department. In 1880 he sold to William H. Holmes. About 1886 Holmes sold to Frank R. McAtee, who a few years later changed the name to Chester Clarion, and in 1895 sold to James A. Matiack. He sold to WiUiam H. Matiack in 1896 ; Frank Moore bought the paper in 1898, and in 1899 sold to Frank R. McAtee, who merged the Clarion in the Herald, dropping the name of the former. The Herald was started in 1895 by F. W. Hempler and C. A. Smith, and sold in 1897 to Frank R. McAtee. Democratic. Randolph County Zeitung, 1868 (?) : A German paper of which J. W. Dean and Company were editors and publishers in 1869. Tribune, 1872 to date: Established by William Knapp and C. B. Wassell. Republican. In 1874 Wassell retired and Knapp was sole owner until 1881, when he sold to James B. Matiack and James F. Wassell. About 1885 WasseU became sole owner and in 1886 sold to Theodore Saxenmeyer. Saxenmeyer sold in 1889 to William H. Matiack and John McBride. Madack became sole owner a year later, and in 1894 sold to Thomas J. Howorth and John A. Pyron. In 1896 Pyron sold his interest to James B. Matiack, who in turn sold in 1898 to Thomas J. Howorth. In the same year Warfield P. Smith bought a half interest in the paper, which has been run since that time under the firm name of Thomas J. Howorth and Company. Now edited by Thomas J. Howorth, published by Thomas J. Ho- worth and Company. Greenback Gazette, 1876: A campaign paper printed in the Tribune oflSce, edited by R. P. Thompson and A. G. Condon. It was printed on green paper. Suspended at close of campaign. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY Democrat, November 26, 1833— i86i-f-: Edited by John Calhoun, 1833-1836; John Wentworth, 1836-1861. This was the first paper published in Chicago. It supported Jackson's adminis- tration; known as a "hard money paper" because it denounced CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY S3 wild-cat and other fictitious paper money. It was the ofiBcial paper of the town of Chicago. Because the needed supply of paper failed to arrive before the close of navigation, its publica- tion was suspended from January i to May 20, 1835, with the ex- ception of an issue January 21 and another on March 25. It appeared weekly to 1840, and daily, beginning February 24, 1840. It was a Democratic paper up to the time of the Kansas-Nebraska issue, but when the slavery question was again raised it assisted in the formation of the Republican party. On July 24, 1861, the Democrat was absorbed by the Tribune. WHAEF American, June 8, 1835-1839-^ : A Whig paper, issued daily after April 9, 1839. Edited by T. O. Davis, 1835-1837; William Stuart and Company, 1837. Changed to EHNWA Daily American, -f- April 9, 1839-October 18, 1842: Edited by William Stuart, 1839-1841; Alexander Stuart, proprietor, and W. W. Brackett, editor, 1841-1842; Buckner S. Morris, July to October, 1842. ENHF Commercial Advertiser, October 11, 1836-1837: A rabid "liberty" paper, edited by Hooper Warren. In 1837 the print- ing outfit was removed to LoweU, LaSaUe County, and used by Benjamin Lundy and Zebina Eastman in publishing the Genius of Universal Emancipation and Genius of Liberty. Voice of the People, June 9-August, 1838: A campaign paper published weekly at the office of the American, until after the August election, by the Whig Young Men's Association. A Hard Cider Press, June 6-October 24, 1840: A Harrison cam- paign paper published weekly by WiUiam Stuart from the Amer- ican office. H Weekly Tribune, April 4, 1840-August 21, 1841: Published by Charles N. Holcomb and Company, with E. G. Ryan as editor. In 1841 it was sold to Elisha Starr of Milwaukee, and the Mil- waukee Journal was its successor. H Union Agriculturist and Western Prairie Farmer, January, 1841-18434-: Established by the Union Agricultural Society, and edited in the beginning by the corresponding secretary, John S. Wright. At the close of the second volume the publication passed from the society to John S. Wright, with whom J. Am- brose Wight became associated as editor. The title was changed to E Prairie Farmer, -t- January i, 1843 to date : The scope of the paper was enlarged to include mechanics and education. John Gage was the first editor of the mechanics department. At the begin- ning of 1851 Luther Haven became part owner, and was associ- ated with Wright in publishing, and with Wright and Wight in 54 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS editing the paper. In 1852 Wright and Haven were editors and publishers; J. Ambrose Wight was editor, John A. Kennicott, horticultural editor in 1853-1857; Wright and Wight were pub- lishers, 1853-1857. A new series was begun January, 1857, at which time publication became weekly instead of monthly as theretofore. October i, 1858, James C. and William H. Medill sold the property to Emery and Company; Henry D. Emery and Charles D. Bragdon became editors; Kennicott remained horticultural editor. Mr. Emery united his Journal of Agri- culture and the Prairie Farmsr as Emery's Journal 0} Agriculture and Prairie Farmer, October 7, continuing publication under this title until January i, 1859, when Prairie Farmer was resumed. In 1861 W. W. Corbett replaced Bragdon as one of the editors. In 1867 the Prairie Farmer Company became publishers; in 1868 Henry T. Thomas came in as a third editor; in 1869 Rod- ney Welch was added. In 1879 Jonathan Periam was editor and continued in that office until 1884, when Orange Judd be- came editor and manager. He was succeeded in 1889 by Jon- athan Periam, who served as editor until 1903. James J. Edgerton was editor throughout 1904; on March 20, 1905, C. P. Reynolds became editor, and has been so to date. The stock of the Prairie Farmer Company was bought by Rand, McNally and Company and incorporated as the Prairie Farmer Publish- ing Company, February 16, 1882. They disposed of their stock to Burridge D. Butler on April 8, 1908. Mr. Butler is president of the company and publisher. The paper is now published semi-monthly. (See p. 73.) WDSUHE Express, October 24, 1842-ApriI 20, 1844: Edited by William W. Brackett. It was sold in 1844 to a company and discontinued. Supported Henry Clay for president. The Journal was estab- lished in its stead. Daily and weekly. N Northwestern Baptist, September 15, 1842-September 15, 1844: A semi-monthly edited by Thomas Powell. Only forty-eight numbers were issued. This was the iirst religious publication in Chicago. H Quid Nunc, July 12-August 16, 1842: Edited by Davis S. Griswold and published by Ellis, Fergus, and Company. It was devoted to the advancement of literature, the fine arts, science, commerce, agriculture, and the mechanical arts. No communications on religion or politics were admitted. It is said to have been the first one-cent daily published west of the Alle- ghanies. At first intended as a morning paper it was issued at noon. A CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY SS Republican, 1842-1844: Edited by A. R. Niblo, 1842-1843; F. W. Cleveland, 1 843-1 844. It was established to create a public sentiment favoring the re-election of President Tyler. F Western Citizen, July, 1842-October, 1853+ : A temperance and anti-slavery paper edited by Zebina Eastman and Asa B. Brown, 1 842-1 845; Eastman and Davidson, 1845-1849; Eastman and McClellan, 1849-1852; Mr. Eastman, with Hooper Warren as associate, 1852-1853. This was the organ of the Liberty Party in Illinois, and successor to the Genius of Liberty, the subscription list of which paper it took over. See Lowell, Genius 0} Liberty and Genius oj Universal Emancipation; also Alton, Truth Seeker. In 1853 the name was changed to AEHF Free West, +December i, 1853-July 19, 18554-: Edited by E. Goodman, Hooper Warren, and Zebina Eastman. Although the paper was announced in Western Citizen of October 18 to begin October 25, it did not appear until December i. The names of the editors are not printed after the issue of October 12, 1854, until November 23, when Z. Eastman is given as editor and publisher, E. Goodman and H. Warren associate editors. Their names disappear in the issue of July 12, 1855. The last issue announced that the paper would be merged with the Tribune. Established as the avowed organ of the Freedom Party of Illinois ; beginning with the issue of November 23, 1854, the paper carried the statement that "this journal does not profess to be the organ of any party or sect." It was strongly anti-slavery, however. H Youth's Gazette, May- July 23, 1843 : Edited by Kiler K. Jones. It was "devoted expressly to the interests of the youth of the west." Eight numbers were issued, weekly. H Better Covenant, -|-i 843-1 847: A religious paper, established at Rockf ord ; taken soon to St. Charles and thence to Chicago, being published at Rockf ord and St. Charles from January 6, 1842, to April 6, 1843. Edited by Rev. Seth Barnes, 1843-1844; Rev. WiUiam RounseviUe and Cyrus B. Ingham, 1 844-1 845; Mr. Ingham, 1845-1847. In 1847 it was sold to John A. Gurley of the Star of the West, Cincinnati, Ohio. Issued weekly. (See Better Covenant, Rockford and St. Charles.) H Democrat Advocate and Commercial Advertiser, February 3, 1844-1846: Publishers and proprietors were Messrs. Ellis and Fergus; nominally without an editor. It was the corporation paper, 1 844-1 845. UF Gem of the Prairie, May 29, 1844-1852-)-: A literary paper edited by Kiler K. Jones and James S. Beach, 1844-1845; J. Campbell and T. A. Stewart, 1845; T. A. Stewart, 1845-1846; Mr Stewart and James Kelly, 1846-1850; Messrs. Scripps and S6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Stewart, 1850-1852, with Stewart, Waite and Company as publishers. It was devoted to literary miscellany and infor- mation. In length of life it surpassed all other early periodicals of predominantly literary tone. Its motto was "To please be ours." In 1847 the proprietors, in order to meet a growing demand for news alone, established the Chicago Daily Tribune, as an ofFshoot to the Gem oj the Prairie. The latter paper was continued under the same name until 1852, when it was merged in the Tribune, and published as the Sunday edition of that paper, with the title Chicago Sunday Tribune. HUF Illinois Medical and Surgical Journal, 1844-1846+ : This was the first medical journal issued in Chicago. Edited by Dr. James V. Z. Blaney, in the interest of Rush Medical CoUege, and printed by Ellis and Fergus, 1844-1846. It was a monthly paper, 1 844-1 846; bi-monthly, 1846 . In 1846 the Journal was christened Illinois and Indiana Medical and Surgical Journal, -H1846- 1848 -|- : Its editors were Drs. Blaney, Daniel Brainard, William B. Herrick, and John Evans. It was published in Chicago by Ellis and Fergus and in Indianapolis by C. B. Davis. In 1848 the paper became known as the H Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal, -l-1848-De- cember, 1857 -|- : It continued under the same editorial manage- ment, but was published in Chicago by William EUis and in Indianapolis by John D. Defrees. In 1849 W. B. Herrick and John Evans appeared as editors with J. W. Dugan, Chicago and Indianapolis, as sole publisher. The subsequent year John Evans and Edwin G. Meek comprised the editorial stafE, with C. A. Swan as printer. In 1851 the same editors appear with James L. I.,angdon, Chicago and Indianapolis, as printer. In 1852 John Evans was editor, and Langdon and Rounds printers. In this year another new series was commenced, being issued monthly. W. B. Herrick was editor, assisted by H. A. Johnson, with Ballantyne and Company as printers. Dr. N. S. Davis became editor in May, 1854, with Dr. Johnson assistant, and A. B. .Case, publisher, who in 1856 was succeeded by Robert Fergus. In 1857 Dr. Davis was sole editor, Bamet and Clarke printers. The December number, 1857, terminated the maga- zine under the name of the Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal. It was continued as the HJ Chicago Medical Journal, -l-1858-September, 1875 -I-: Daniel Brainard was publisher in 1859 and i860, and the Journal was monthly. In 1869 it was semi-monthly. J. Adams Allen, M.D., LL.D., was editor at that date; C. N. Goodell, publisher. The CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY S7 periodical was still devoted to the interests of Rush Medical Col- lege. J. Adams Allen and Walter Hay, M.D., were editors, 1870-1875 ; W. B. Keen, Cooke and Company, publishers. The Journal became the H J Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner, -[-September, 1875, to date (1884) : William H. Byford, A.M., M.D., became editor in 1876; the Chicago Medical Press Association, publishers. The Journal had the same editor and publishers in 1880; in 1882 N. S. Davis, M.D., James Nevins Hyde, M.D., and Daniel R. Brower were editors. Monthly. HJ Daily Journal, April 22, 1844 to date : A AVhig paper at first issued by an editorial committee appointed by the company that pur- chased the Express. Edited and published by Richard L. Wil- son and J. W. Norris, 1844-1845 ; Mr. Wilson and Nathan C. Geer, 1845-1847; Mr. Wilson, 184 7-1849; Charles L. Wilson, 1849-1851; R. L. and C. L. Wilson, 1851-1853; R. L. and C. L. Wilson and C. H. Morris, 1853-1854; Messrs. Wilson, 1854- 1856; C. L. Wilson and C. H. Pierce, 1856-1860. John L. Wilson became a member of the firm in 1861. Charles L. WU- son died in 1878; John R. Wilson became connected with the paper and later became publisher. Charles L. Wilson was suc- ceeded as editor by Andrew Shuman. Mr. Shuman was editor from 1 86 1 to 1864, and again from 1878 to 1888; W. K. Sullivan, 1888. In 1893 the paper was sold to Dr. S. F. Farrar, who formed a company with himself as president and treasurer, Slason Thompson, editor, J. R. Wilson, publisher. There was, beside the dally and weekly, a tri-weekly edition which was con- tinued until after 1881. For a number of years John C. East- man has been editor, the Chicago Journal Company, publishers. Until after 1881 the paper was listed as Republican; it is now Independent. It is now called Evening Journal. EDACNSUHF Garland of the West, 1845 ■ It was projected by Robert N. Gar- rett and Nelson W. Fuller. But one copy seems to have been issued, that of July 30. Daily News, latter part of 1845- January 6, 1846: A liberty paper managed by Eastman and Davidson, with S. W. Chapel assistant editor. This was the first daily issued without a weekly edition. Spirit of Temperance Reform, 1845 '■ Started by J. E. Ware. It soon died. VoLKSFREUND, 1845-1848: The pioneer German paper of Chicago. Edited by Robert B. Hoeffgen. Western (Literary ?) Magazine, October, 1845-October, 1846: The first literary magazine published in Chicago, was first issued in October, 1845, by Rounseville and Company. In the belief S8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS "that the western people were able and willing to support a mag- azine of their own," William Rounseville undertook the develop- ment of western literary talent. His hopes were not fully realized and he sold the magazine after the publication of ten numbers. John J. Moon, the purchaser, published but two numbers, be- ginning September, 1846. H Ariel, 1846: Published for a short time with Edward Augustus as editor and C. H. Boner as publisher. Daily Cavalier, i 846-1 847 : Edited by Robert Wilson. For six weeks Rev. William Rounseville was editor. A one-cent paper. Dollar Weekly, 1846: Issued three or four months by William Duane Wilson. Liberty Tree, 1846-1848: Issued by Eastman and Davison, with Zebina Eastman as editor. A monthly. Morning Mail, 1846-1847 : Edited by Rev. William Roimseville. H Valley Watchman, 1846-1847: Published by J. McChesney. Western Herald, 1846-1847-I- : A weekly anti-slavery, anti- masonic, temperance paper, and advocate of the Society of Friends, edited by Rev. J. B. Walker and B. F. Worrall. Changed to H Herald of the Prairies, -1-1847-18494-: Edited by Rev. J. B. Walker and B. F. Worrall, 1847-1849. In 1848 James Shaw was assistant editor. The paper was "devoted to the promotion of practical religion, the maintenance of essential truth, and the advancement of the benevolent enterprises of the age." J. Am- brose Wight and William Bross bought the ofl&ce and material and changed it to Prairie Herald, -(- i 849-1 853 -|- : Rev. G. S. F. Savage, of St. Charles, 111., and Rev.A.L.Chapui of Beloit, Wis., were appointed corresponding editors. Mr. Wight was sole editor, 1851-1853. From 1846 to 1853 the paper enunciated the doctrines of the New School Presbyterians and the Congregationalists. Changed to F Congregational Herald, -(-1853-1861 : Edited by Rev. John C. Holbrook, 1 853-1 854 ; Rev. Holbrook and Rev. N. H. Eggleston, 1854-1856 ; several editors from 1856 to 1857 ; Rev. H. L. Ham- mond, 1857 ( ?). The Herald advocated the establishment of the Chicago Theological Seminarj . EF Commercial Advertiser, 184 7-1858: Edited by Alfred Dutch, who was instrumental in obtaining the grant of lands from Congress for the Illinois Central Railroad. The Advertiser op- posed the Maine law. It was issued irregularly. Weekly to 1849, when it became daily with a weekly edition. HAEF CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 59 Northwestern Educator and Magazine of Literature and Science, January, 1 847-1 849: A monthly, edited and published by James L. Enos and D. L. Curtiss. In the issue of February, 1849, James L. Enos is given as editor and publisher. He writes editorially in that number concerning the influence of the Edu- cator: "It was commenced under the most unfavorable circum- stances, in a country where no like publication had ever circu- lated, where the people were comparatively little imbued with a love for education — or at least, that inculcated by professional teachers — and with the privations incident to a new country pressing heavily upon them; yet, notwithstanding these difiB- culties, the influence of the Ediccator has steadily increased, and within the last three months the circulation has nearly doubled." The objects of the magazine were to expose the dangers of fal- lacious theories of education, and to set forth and to defend the true principles of instruction. Vol. iii, no. 2 owned by Frank W. Scott, Urbana, Illinois. S Porcupine, winter of 1 847-1 848: Edited by Charles Bowen and Thomas Bradbury. Tribune, 1847 to date: Established by Joseph K. C. Forrest, James J. Kelly and John E. Wheeler. Messrs. Forrest and Kelly very early retired and Thomas A. Stewart became editor. In 1847 the Gem of the Prairie was absorbed by the Tribune and became the Sunday edition of that paper. The Tribune was managed by Wheeler, Stewart and Scripps, 1848- 1851; T. J. Waite, manager, Wm. Duane Wilson, editor, 1852-1853. Gen. Wilson's interest was purchased by March 23, 1853, Henry Fowler, Timothy Wright and Gen. J. D. Webster. On June 18, 1853, Joseph MediU came from Cleve- land and purchased a share in the paper, whereupon the issue was made under the auspices of Wright, Medill, and Company, and Stephen J. Staples is specified in the directory for 1853- 1854 as assistant editor. On July 21, 1855, Thomas A. Stewart retired from the partnership, and September 23, Dr. C. H. Ray and J. C. Vaughn were editors. At the same time Alfred Cowles became a member of the firm, which was then composed of Messrs. Medill, Ray, Wright, Webster, Vaughn, and Cowles. Under the vigorous influence of Dr. Ray the paper soon became of primary importance in Chicago and Illinois. It was one of the first to endorse the formation of the Republican party in Illinois, and did much to bring about the successful organiza- tion of that party, and the nomination and election of Lincoln in i860. March 26, 1857, Mr. Vaughn withdrew and the part- nership name became Ray, Medill, and Company. In 1858 the Tribune, being consolidated with the DaUy Democratic Press, was known as the Press and Tribune, issued by the proprietors 6o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS of both papers (see Democratic Press). In 1861 the word Press was dropped and the Tribune Company was organized. Scripps, Bross, Ray, Medill, and Cowles were the principal stockholders. In 1861 the Tribune absorbed the Democrat. In 1866 Horace White, who had previously been connected with the paper and had acquired the stock of Mr. Scripps, became editor. He was succeeded in 1874 by Joseph Medill. Under White the Tribune had supported Horace Greeley, but Medill brought it back into the Republican fold, where it has remained, though manifesting a considerable independence.^ Mr. Medill died in March, 1899, and was succeeded as editor by R. W. Patterson, who was editor until his death, on April i, 1910. The Tribune has bedn since 1908 in direct charge of Medill McCormick. It has been a daily from its beginning. For many years it had also semi-weekly, tri-weekly, and weekly editions, all of which have been discontinued. The file at the oflSce of the Tribune is complete from about i860. File, 1861-1876, in Boston Athenseum. EWDNACSUHF Watchman of the Prairies, 1847-1853+ : First weekly Baptist newspaper published in Chicago. It strongly opposed slavery. Edited by Rev, Luther Stone and published by Messrs. Walker and Worrall, of the Western Herald (which see). In 1849 Wight and Bross became its publishers. In 1853 Mr. Stone sold the paper to Dr. J. C. Burroughs, Levi D. Boone and A D. Tits- worth, and it became the H Christian Times, -I- August 31, 1853-1865 -t- : Mr. Burroughs was the chief and H. J. Western and A. J. Joslyn assistant edi- tors. November 24 of the same year the paper was sold to Rev. 'The Tribune followed closely the lead of Greeley and the New York Tribnne in urging, immediately after the defeat of General Scott for the presidency in 1852, that the Whig party had lost its usefulness; and, after the Kansas-Ne- braska bill had been' passed in 1S54, took the lead in the West, as Greeley and the New York Tribune did in the East, in agitating a union, in the Republican party, of all anti-slavery and anti-Nebraska elements. "In 1856 I made as strong a fight for Fremont as was in my power," Medill wrote, " worked for Abraham Lincoln against Stephen A. Douglas for senator in 1858; printed verbatim the great debates in which these two men were engaged, and in 1859 began pushing Mr. Lincoln for the presidency." In i860 the Tribune put forth every effort for the nomination and election of Lincoln, and after war broke out, was the most influential Union newspaper west of New York City. It urged Lincoln to issue an emancipation proclamation, opposed Johnson's reconstruction policy, upheld the impeachment proceedings, defended the reconstruction acts of Congress, and supported Grant in 1868. Under Horace White the Tribune was vigorously opposed to a policy of extremely high protective tariffs, and not until 1874, when Medill secured control and the editor- ship, did it support the prevailing policy of the dominant party. Under Medill it was for many years a high-tariff paper, but it has long occupied a position of great independence in both local and national affairs, and has gained, especially under the editorship of Robert W. Patterson, a wide independent following. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 6i Leroy Church and Rev. J. A. Smith, the latter becomiag editor. In 1854 Mr. Smith sold his interest to Mr. J. F. Childs and the proprietary firm became Church and Childs. In 1855 Mr. Church became sole proprietor. The copy for February 2, 1854, volume I, number 23, contains correspondence in relation to the origin of Shurdeff College, which tends to show that J. M. Peck was given much of the credit due to Hubbell Loomis, who did a large amount in laying the foundations of the college in Alton while Peck was at Rock Spring. With vol. 13, Aug- ust or September, 1865, the Christian Times, by the absorption of the Witness of Indiana, became FH Chkistian Times and Witness, +1865-1867+ : J. A. Smith and Leroy Church were editors, Church and Edward Goodman, pub- lishers. In 1867 Goodman brought a half interest and the name was changed to Standard, -I-1867 to date: A Baptist church publication. The editors and publishers were as foUows: J. A. Smith, D. D., editor, Church and Goodman, publishers and proprietors, 1869- January, 1875. J. A. Smith , D. D., and J. S. Dickerson, D. D., editors, and Goodman and Dickerson, publishers, 1876; Good- man and Dickerson, publishers, 1877-1880; J. S. Dickerson and R. N. Van Doren, editors, and Goodman and Dickerson Company, publishers, 1907. AHCUW American Odd Fellow and Magazine of Literature and Art, August, 1848 (?): Monthly. This was the first organ of secret societies in Chicago. Edited by J. L. Enos and Rev. William RounsevUle; published by James L. Enos and Com- pany. Vol. I, no. I, owned by Frank W. Scott, Urbana, Illinois. Field Piece, June 14 till Fall, 1848: A Whig campaign paper supporting Taylor and Fillmore. Edited and published by R. L. Wilson. NF Free Soil Banner, April-November, 1848: A campaign paper issued by the Western Citizen to support Van Buren and the Free Soil party. Illinois Staats-Zeitung, April, 1848 to date: Established by Robert Bemhard Hoeffgen. He was soon succeeded at editor by Dr. Hellmuth; Amo Voss, 1 848-1 849; Herman Kriege, 1 849-1 850; Geo. Schneider with Mr. Hoefigen as manager, 1850-1852; Schneider and Hillgaertner, 1 85 2-1 854; Schneider and Schlaeger, 1854. Subsequently H. Beinder and Daniel Hertle became incorporated with the editorial staff, but Mr. Schneider was the animating spirit. At first it was a weekly, but under Mr. Kriege it was made a semi-weekly and then tri- 62 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS weekly. In 1851 Mr. Schneider made it a daily. In 1854 the publication of the Sonntag Zeitung was begun. Ini 862 Schneider sold his interest to Lorenz Brentano, who became editor. A. C. Hesing became sole owner in 1867; Herman Raster became editor, and remained in that position until 1891, when he was succeeded by William Rapp. Hesing was succeeded in the management by his son, Washington Hesing. By 1874 the Sunday edition had been changed to Der Westen. The Illinois Staats-Zeitung Company were editors and publishers, and in politics the paper was Independent. In 1881 the weekly edition and Der Westen were listed as Independent, the daily edition as Independent-Republican. By 1907 the Sunday edition had been changed to Westen Und Daheim. Since then the daily, Sunday, and weekly editions have been Independent- Republican. The Illinois Publishing Company are publishers. The entire stock of this company, which was owned by Mrs. Herman Raster and Richard Michaelis, is owned at present by Walter R. Michaelis' and Horace L. Brand. The Staats-Zeitung was active in urging the movement which resulted in the forma- tion of the Republican party. It strenuously opposed the Kansas- Nebraska Bill and the extension of slavery. ENAHUC Lady's Western Magazine, December, 1848-1849: Edited by Benjamin F. Taylor and J. S. Hurlbut; published by Charles L. Wilson. Mr. Taylor, the editor-in-chief, was a man of real literary genius, but did not command suflScient business resources to continue the paper long. It was established in imitation of several "ladies' magazines" published in New York and Philadelphia. New Covenant, 1848-1880-t- : A Universalist church publication. Edited by Rev. W. E. Mauley and Rev. J. M. Day, 1848-1849; S. P. Skinner, 1849-1855; L. B. Mason, 1855-1859, D. R. Liv- ermore, 1859-1869. According to Mr. Boss, Mrs. Mary Liver- more was "real editor" during the period, 1859-1869. In May 1869, Rev. J. W. Hanson, D.D., and Rev. Selden Gilbert became owners. In September of that year, the Northwestern Univer- salist Publishing House became the publishers, with J. W. Han- sen, D.D., as editor and Mr. Gilbert, business manager. In October, 1871, Dr. Hanson became both manager and editor. Rev. W. A. Start was business manager for 1874, but in 1875 Dr. Hanson was again manager and editor. He remained so until 1883, with the Northwestern Universalist Publishing House continuing as publishers. The Star 0} the West of Cincinnati was consolidated with the New Covenant in 1880, the name be- coming Star and Covenant, and the publication being continued ^ Walter R. Micbaelis, editor and part owner, died August 6, 1910. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 63 in Chicago. In December, 1883, the Universalist Publishing House of Boston bought the paper and changed its naroe to Universalist. In May, 1884, Rev. J. S. Cantwell became editor and was still so in 1886. WHCEF Northwestern Journal of Houobopathia, October, 1848-1852 : Monthly. Edited and published by Dr. George E. Shipman. Printed by Whitmarsh and Fulton. It was mainly fiUed with translations by the editor from various foreign journals and with original papers from his own pen. " Its object was to set forth the principles of homoeopathy and to defend and confirm the views of such physicians as had undertaken its practice." JH Western Farmer, 1848 to date (1869): A weekly agricultural paper. It was dated for Madison, Wisconsin and Chicago in 1869. W. B. Davis was editor and publisher in that year. Chicago Dollar Newspaper, March 17, 1849 0)'- ^ paper edited by James R. Bull. Devoted to literature, news, and agriculture. The Chicago Dollar Weekly of this date is men- tioned by Mr. H. R. Fleming as "a literary journal of merit." F Temperance Battle- Ax, part of 1849: Edited by Charles J. Sel- lon and D. D. DriscoU. Commercial Register, 1850: Issued by J. F. Ballantyne. Short- lived. Democratic Argus, August, 1850 (?): Issued daily and weekly by B. F. Seaton and W. W. Peck. Eclectic Journal of Education and Literary Review, June, 1850-April, 1851: Appeared monthly; edited by U. F. Bartlett. In April, 1851, Dr. N. S. Davis became editor, and with that number publication ceased. H Christian Era, 1852 : An unsuccessful paper published by Rev. Epaphras Goodman. Daily Democratic Press, 1852-July, 1858+ : Edited by John L. Scripps and WUliam Bross. In 1854 the firm became Scripps, Bross and Spears (Barton W.). At first it was a non-partisan paper but in 1857 it began expounding the principles of the Republican party. A weekly edition also was issued. July 1, 1858, the Press was consolidated with the Tribune. WHCAEF Daily Express and Commercial Register, 1852 (?): An Independent commercial penny paper edited by J. Q. A. Wood and W. J. Patterson. Weekly Express, 1852-1853: Conducted by J. F. Ballantyne and Company. Continued about a year. Frihed's Banneret, 1852-1853 : First Norwegian paper published in Chicago. Edited by Mouritzon and Kjoss. 64 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Literary Budget, 1852-1855+: Published monthly by William Weaver Danenhower, a bookseller, who established the paper as a medium for the advertising of books and periodicals. After seven monthly issues it was changed, January 7, 1854, to a weekly, with Benjamin F. Taylor as editor. T. H. Whipple appeared as associate editor in the same year. In its weekly form the Budget grevi into a "literary journal of distinct merit," concen- trating its attention upon matters concerning the West. It states editorially, "A new field is open to authorship. . The West is full of subject-matter for legend, story or history. . . All that is lacking is a proper channel. This channel we offer. The Budget claims to be a western literary paper, and we invite writers to send us articles on western subjects, for publication." The paper was continued until 1855. In the summer of that year Mr. Danenhower "became state leader of the 'Native American' or 'Know-Nothing' party, which had during the year preceding carried two eastern commonwealths and had shown strength in the middle states. He announced that the Budget would 'close its existence,' that he would 'launch his bark' once more, and that his numerous readers would receive the Weekly Native Citizen. As a spokesman of the reaction against the immigration due to the Irish famine and the continental revo- lutions of 1848 and 1849, he wrote vehemendy. With the Budget's last breath he said : ' We trust that our future exertions will be such as to exemplify to the world that the pure fire of American sentiment is sweeping over our vast prairies; that hereafter America shall and must be governed by Americans."" H Daily Native Citizen, +1855 ( ?) : A Weekly Native Citizen was projected as the successor of Literary Budget. Evidence has not been obtainable to prove that this paper was actually published W. W. Danenhower who was to be the editor and pub- lisher of the weekly, issued the daily, for at least six months. F Times, June 12, 1852-October 18, 1853: A Free Soil paper, daily and tri-weekly, established in connection with the Western Citizen and discontinued when that paper was changed to Free West. It was at first published by Lee and Townsend; after eighteen numbers, by E. C. Townsend and Company ; after the twenty- first number by layman E. D. Wolf; edited and published after no. 45 by C. T. Gaston; published after No. 86 by Gaston, Muir, and Company. By No. 125, November 16, 1852, Zebina Eastman had become editor and publisher. HF Western Tablet, February 7, 1852-1855: A Catholic literary periodical published by Daniel O'Hara. HF 1 Herbert E. Fleming, Literary Interests of Chicago, 390. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 65 Christian Banker, January 8, 1853 ( ?) : Only eight numbers were issued. Published by Seth Paine and John W. Holmes as an advertisement for their bank. For an account of that curious institution see Andreas, Chicago, vol. i, pp. 539-544. F Christian Shoemaker, 1853 '• Published for only a short time by F. V. Pitney as a travesty on the Christian Banker. CouRANT, 1853-1854+ : An Independent daily edited by William Duane Wilson. Sold to Messrs. Cook, Cameron, and Patterson, and changed to F Young America, 4- July 4, 1854+ : A Democratic paper edited by J. W. Patterson, published by Cook, Cameron, and Patter- son. Daily and weekly. It was soon changed to F Chicago Daily Times,' -|-August 30, 1854-1860+ : The founders and publishers of the Times were Isaac Cook, James W. Sheahan and Daniel Cameron. It was a Democratic daily, edited by James W. Sheahan, 1854-1856; James W. Sheahan and Daniel Cameron, 1856-1858; Sheahan and William Price, 1858-1860; published by Cook and Company. In i860 Cyrus H. McCormick, owner of the Herald, purchased the Times and consolidated the two papers under the name of the HANF Times and Herald, +1860 (?)+: E. W. McComas was placed in editorial charge. The paper appears to have assumed very soon the tide of H Daily Chicago Times, +i86o(?)-June 20, 1861+: Under the care of Mr. McComas, who was a journalist from Virginia, the paper became an exponent of the Southern Democracy. Mc- Cormick was proprietor and Daniel Cameron publisher until June 8, 1 86 1, when Wilbur F. Storey became editor and pro- prietor. From late in i860 to June 20, 1861, the Times was numbered vol. i, until no. 275, June 21, 1861, when vol. 7 was used and the title changed from Daily Chicago Times to NAH * President Lincoln contributed the following anonymous note to the Washing- ton Chronicle, June 6, 1863: "Editor of the Chronicle; In your issue of this morning you have an article on the Chicago Times. Being an Illinoisan, I happen to know that much of the article is incorrect. As I remember, upon the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, the Democratic newspapers at Chicago went over to the opposition. Thereupon the Times was established by the friends of the administration, Sena- tor Douglas being the most prominent in establishing it. A man by the name of James Sheahan, from this city, was its first and only editor nearly if not quite all the remainder of the senator's life. On the political separation between Mr. Buchanan and Senator Douglas, the Times adhered to the senator, and was the ablest paper in his support through his senatorial contest with Mr. Lincoln. Since the last presidential election certainly, perhaps since Senator Douglas's death, Mr. Sheahan left the Times; the Times since then has been identical with the Times before then in little more than the name. The writer hereof is not well enough posted to say but that your article in other respects is correct." — Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, viii, 293, 393. 66 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Chicago Times, +June 20, 1861-March 4, 1895+: After the emancipation proclamation, the Times ceased to favor the prose- cution of the war, and was bitter in its denunciations of Lin- coln's administration. It became such a radical "copperhead sheet" that General Ambrose E. Burnside, in command of the Department of the Northwest, with headquarters at Cincinnati, issued an order for the suppression of the Times, and the com- mander at Camp Douglas was charged with the execution of the order. On the morning of June 3, 1863, soldiers marched in- to the press room and took possession. Mass meetings were held during the day in advocacy of free speech and a free press. A petition to President Lincoln to revoke the order was signed by some of the most prominent Republicans and business men of the city, and Senator Lyman Trumbull and Isaac N. Arnold tele- graphed personally to Mr. Lincoln to the same effect. The order was revoked by the President and publication was resumed June 5. After the presidential campaign of 1868 the Times ceased to be a party organ, claimed to be Independent, and made many vigorous onslaughts on the Democratic party. However, it supported the Democratic candidates of 1876, 1880 and 1884. In the fall of 1863, Franc B. Wilkie joined the editorial staff, and in 1867 Andre Matteson became a part of the editorial force for the second time. Ananias Worden was manager from 1861 to 1865; H. B. Chandler, 1865-1870; Mr. Storey became sole owner in 1870, and made A. L . Patterson manager. The establishment was destroyed in the great fire of 1871, but reappeared very soon after. Mr. Storey, who had been the leading spirit of the paper for over twenty years, died in October, 1884 ; the paper went into the hands of a receiver and was sold in 1887 to a new Chicago Times Company headed by James J. West, who was manager. He was ousted later, and succeeded by Huiskamp Brothers, with Joseph R. Dunlap as editor. In 1 89 1 Carter H. Harrison formed the Newspaper Company and bought the Times. Carter H. Harrison, Jr., was made business manager, and Preston Harrison managing editor. March 4, 1895, it was joined to the Herald — hence Times-Herald, which on March 28, 1901, was consolidated with the Record as the Record-Herald. EWDNAHSUC Evangelist, 1853-1855-f- : A paper representing the tenets of the New School of Presbyterians. Edited by an association of Pres- byterian clergymen, the resident editors being Rev. H. Curtis and Rev. R. W. Patterson; associate editors, G. W. Gale, S. G. Spears, W. H. Spencer, A. Eddy, and S. D. Pilkin. In April, 1854, Rev. Joseph Gaston Wilson took editorial charge. In CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 67 1855 it was merged into the New York Evangelist, which there- after had a northwestern editor in Chicago. F Horner's Chicago and Western Guide, 1853 : Monthly. Pub- lished by W. B. Homer; purported to contain all information for traveling by railroad, steamboat, and stage from Chicago to every town in the Northwest, and to any important city in the United States. F New Church Independent and Review, 1853 to date (1880) : A monthly, devoted to Swedenborgian interests. John S. Weller was editor and Weller and Metcalf were publishers, 1874-1880. Northwestern Christian Advocate, January 5, 1853 to date: A weekly, edited by James V. Watson, 1853-1856 ; Rev. Thomas M. Eddy, 1856-1868. It was published by Swormated and Poe for the Northwestern Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church and printed by Charles Philbrick. Rigidly anti-slavery. In 1868 the editorship was given to Rev. John Morrison Reid. Mr. Reid was succeeded in 1872 by Arthur Edwards, D.D., editor to 1901. David D. Thompson was editor 1901-1908; Charles M. Stuart in 1909. Hitchcock and Walden were pub- lishers from before 1869 until 1880, with Dr. Luke Hitchcock as manager. In 1880 Walden and Stowe became publisheis; Cranston and Stowe, 1884 (?); Jennings and Graham in 1907, and to date. WDUHF Olive Branch or th^ West, 1853 (?): Published by J. R. Balme, in the interest of Salem Baptist Church. F Sloan's Garden City, i 853-1 8s4(?): A literary paper edited by Walter Sloan, a vender of patent medicines ; published at first by Robert Fergus, afterward by Charles Scott and Company. The first few numbers contained a "Sloan's Column," in which his patent medicines were advertised. "Later Oscar B. Sloan, a son, became editor. The patent medicine notices disappeared. The paper became a pro-western literary organ of genuine merit, having, however, a trend toward the famUy-story type of literary appeal." It was merged in 1854 with the People's Paper of Bos- ton, which lived until 1870. WH Traveler, i853(?): Mentioned in the city directory of 1853 as managed by James M. Chatfield, John Chatfield, Jr., William B. Doolittle,^ and Lee Lars. Youth's Western Banner, 1853 : A short-lived monthly juvenile publication devoted to temperance, morality, and religion. Edited and published by Isaac C. Smith and Company. Atlantis, 1854 : A monthly, edited by Christian Essellen. 68 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Deutsche Amerikanee, 1854: Edited by George Schtaeger. An anti-Nebraska paper ; lasted but a few months. Homeopath, January, 1854-December, 1856: Bi-monthly. Edited by Drs. D. S. Smith, S. W. Graves, and R. Ludlam. It was a small non-professional magazine. Upon the death of Dr. S. W. Graves, Dr. D. A. Colton became one of the editors. Three yearly volumes of the magazine were completed. HJ Maine Law Alliance, 1854: A temperance paper, published by Hiram W. Jewell, with B. E. Hale, Rev. T. Yates, and Dr. Charles Jewett as editors. Short-lived. Protestant, January, 1854: Monthly. Hays and Thompson were publishers. Saturday Evening Mail, January, 1854: A temperance paper edited by George R. Graham. Short-lived. Western Pathfinder, 1854 to date (1856) : An advertising sheet published in the interest of travelers and real estate men. Owned and edited by W. B. Horner. Published by Homer and Crone. Ashlar, September, 1855 to date (1861) : A Masonic monthly pub- lished simultaneously in Chicago and Detroit. Established by Allyn Weston and conducted by him through three volumes. Then Charles Scott became proprietor; Weston remained editor. In January, 1861, Ashlar, "devoted to Masonry, gen- eral literature and progress," was edited by J. Adams Allen. H Bank-Note List, 1855 to date (1864) : A semi-monthly edited and published by Granger Adams, a banker. Devoted to reporting financial matters, with especial reference to the means of detecting counterfeits, and containing a report of the banks that were in an embarrassed condition or had ceased to be solvent. This paper appeared in the directory as late as 1862 as published by Mr. Adams. It is given in 1863 and 1864 as published by S. K. Reed. Beobachter von Michigan, 1855-1856: A Douglas paper edited by Committi and Becker. Courier, 1855 '■ Issued by R. P. Hamilton. Western Farm Journal, 1855 to date (1877) : An agricultural paper. In 1875 Dr. G. Sprague was editor; G. Sprague, F. R. Sprague, and D. J. Walker were publishers; and F. R. Sprague was business manager. Printed at the office of the Homestead and Western Farm Journal, Des Moines, Iowa. It is probable that this paper was not published from Chicago prior to 1875. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 69 National Democrat, 1855 to date (i860) : A daily Douglas paper; edited by Dr. Ignatius Koch, published by J. E. Committi. Later editors were Koch and Schade, then Koch and Froehlich ; later publishers were Michael Diversey, then Fritz Becker, 1857- 1859. Native American, September 7, i8ss-November, 1856: Started by William Weaver Danenhower, father of Lieutenant J. W. Danenhower, the Arctic explorer. Washington Wright was editor. A daily issued in the interest of the Native American party. Union, 1855 to date (1876) : A German Democratic paper, issued daily and weekly. Mention is made of a Sunday edition in the directories for 1866, 1869, 1870 and 1876. In 1869 it was called Westliche Unterhaltungs-Bldtler ; in 1876, the Belletristische Zeitung. The weekly edition only is mentioned in 1872 and 1873. Frederick Becker and Schlaeger were proprietors in 1861 ; Becker was sole proprietor, 1862-1863. In 1864 Edward Roesch was editor. F. Becker was publisher in that year and continued so until 1870. W. Bellinghausen and Company were editors and publishers, 1870-187 2 ; the German Newspaper and Printing Company, proprietors and publishers, 1872-1873. Hermann Lieb was editor and publisher, 1 873-1 876. CE Western Crusader, 1855-1856+ : A temperance paper edited by Thos. Williams and Orlo W. Strong. Gerhard (1856) gives J. D. Dow and Company as publishers. Changed to Northwestern Home Journal, + 1856 ( ?) : Edited by James B. Merwin and published by an association comprising F. H. Benson, J. M. Kennedy, O. W. Strong, R. L. Dunlap, and E. R. Bowen. Western Garland, 1855: A monthly, issued simultaneously in Chicago, Louisville, and St. Louis, devoted to "polite literature, art, science, home and foreign news." It was founded by Mrs. Harriet C. Lindsey and Son, with R. R. Lindsey as editor in Chicago. H Abend Zeitung, i856(?)-i8s8(?): A German daily, published in 1856 by Committi and Becker. In 1858, published by Com- mitti and Bode, edited by Henry Ginal. Commercial Bulletin and Northwestern Reporter, 1856- ( ?) : Edited by C. H. Scriven and John J. Gallagher. Commercial Letter, 1856-1868+ : A critical daily record of the flour, grain, live stock, and provision markets. P. L. Wells was editor and publisher until 1862 ; H. R. Hulburd, 1863 ; H. A. Newcomb and Company proprietors. Thomas M. Wignall editor, 1864; Thomas H. Wignall, editor and publisher, 1866- 70 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 1868. In 1868 it was incorporated with Chicago Daily Com- mercial Report and Market Review. J Democratic Bugle, 1856: Published by Charles Leib. Daily. F Demokrat, 1856 to date (1880) : In 1877 W. Kuhl was manager. In 1880 he was still manager, and the Demokrat Printing Com- pany were publishers. Flower Queen, 1856-1857: Published by Higgins Brothers. Herald, 1856-1857: A daily edited by T. R. Dawley. Listed by Gerhard as daily and weekly, published by Cook and Company. Manford's Magazine, 1856 to date (1881) : A Universalist monthly, listed in Rowell, 1869, as Manford's Monthly Magazine. Rev. E. Manford and Mrs. H. B. Manford were editors in 1869; Rev. E. Manford was publisher, and the same is true until 1876, after which time Mr. and Mrs. Manford were editors and publishers. W. W. Clayton was associated with them as editor in 1871. Daily News, September, 1856 ( ?) : Edited by Walter B. Sloan. F Daily Patriot, September 30-November, 1856: A Fillmore and Donelson campaign paper. F Pen and Pencil, 1856 : An art and story paper. Edited by T. R. Dawley and contributed to by T. Herbert Whipple. F Prairie Leaf, 1856 (?): A monthly, issued for a short time by D. B. Cooke and Company. Daily Price Current, 1856-1857. Rounds' Printers Cabinet, 1856 to date (1881) : Published by Rounds and Langdon. In December, 1856, there was but one other journal in the United States that was devoted exclusively to the interest of the ' art preservative ' — the Typographical Advertiser; Rounds' Cabinet was the first of that character in the northwest, the second in the United States in its date of issue, and the first monthly typographical journal in the Union. It is not listed in Rowell, 1869, but is given as an advertising sheet in newspaper directories, 1873-1876, with S. P. Roimds as publisher. Listed in Ayer, 1881, as a quarterly advertising sheet. Svenska Republikanen {Den Svenska Repuhlikanen i Norra Amer- ika), + September, 185 7- July, 1858: Established by the leaders of the Bishop Hill colony at Galva, and edited by S. Cronsioe. It was soon turned over to Cronsioe as his private property, and removed to Chicago. It was antagonistic to Hemlandet, and ultra liberal as to religion, — so much so that the name came to be in bad odor among a large class of the Swedish people. Sunday Vacuna, Spring of 1856 (?): The first exclusively Sunday paper in Chicago ; named for the goddess of rural leisure. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 71 Western Enterprise, 1856-1857+: An agricultural weekly; merged in the Prairie Farmer. Edited by E. Porter Little. Western Journal of Music, 1856-1857: Semi-monthly. Edited by William H. Currie, and published by R. G. Greene. It was a paper "devoted to literature and art . . to the advancement of musical knowledge and interest, in the western states partic- ularly." Evangel, i8s7(?) (?): Edited by J. G. Wilson. Mentioned in the city directory for 1857. Le Journal de l'Illinois, 1857-1858: First issued in Kankakee as a weekly on January 2, 1857, by A. Grandpr^ and Claude Petit, being the first French newspaper published in the state. In September, 1857, it was moved to Chicago under the same management. For one month it was issued semi-weekly, after which it was changed back to weekly. Daily Ledger, 1857 : Published by Barnes, Stewart, and Paine. Seth Paine was editor. Chicago Magazine, The West as "It Is, March-August, 1857: Founded by the Mechanics' Institute, an organization for night- study, the object being partly to secure exchanges gratis for its library. Zebina Eastman was the editor ; John Gager and Com- pany were the publishers. The magazine was devoted to liter- ature, biography, historical reminiscence, etc. Mr. H. E. Flem- ing mentions it as "the literary-historical magazine of highest tone." It was beautifully and profusely illustrated, and though it carried as many advertisements as were usual at that time, its expenses were greater than its receipts. The five numbers pub- lished were got out with increasing diflSculty, and the magazine expired in August. According to Andreas, the failure was a great loss to the literary interests of the city. Monthly. CSH Musical Review, 1857-1858: Edited by C. M. Cady; published by Higgins Brothers ; and printed by Pool and Spaulding. Northwestern Bank Note and Counterfeit Reporter, 1857- 1858: Published by Isaac A. Pool. Semi-monthly. Northwestern Presbyterian, 1857 to date (1869): A weekly edited and published in 1869 by Rev. E. E. Erskine and Rev. David McKinney. Rev. J. B. McClure was associate editor. Presbyterian Expositor, 1857 to date (i860): Monthly. HC Real Estate News Letter and Insurance Monitor, 1857-1858: Published monthly by Gallaher and Gilbert. Had an existence of only a few months. Real Estate Register or the Northwest, May, 1857-1858: Issued monthly. Edited and published by G. W. Yerby and Company. E 72 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Chicago Record, April, i8s7-April i, 1858+ : Monthly ._ Edited and owned by James Grant WUson. Devoted to religion, liter- ature, and fine arts. With vol. 2 the title was changed to ASCHW Church Record, +April i, 1858-April i, 1860+ : With vol. 4, April I, i860, changed again to ASCHWF Chicago Record, + April i, 1860-March 15, 1862+ : A new num- bering was begun, but the old was resumed with vol. 4, no. 2. In March, 1862, Mr. Wilson sold the magazine to enter the Union army. In the issue for March 15, he says in his parting words that the publication has been a success. It was the pioneer paper of its kind published in the northwest. The purchaser was Rev. Thomas Smith, who in the March 15 issue said he would con- tinue it as ASHCW Northwestern Church, -|- March, 1862 to date (1865) : An Epis- copal church paper. Rev. Thomas Smith was proprietor and publisher, 1862-1865. . WS Saturday Evening Chronotype, 1857: Edited by C. A. Wash- bum; continued three months. Sunday Leader, 1857 ( ?) : The first exclusively Sunday news- paper of any permanence issued in Chicago. Published by S. P. Rounds; managing editor, Edward Bliss. It lived but a short time, though longer than Vacuna. A distinguishing feature was its chess column edited by Lewis Poulson. Sunday Herald, i8s7(?) (?): It was started subsequent to the establishment of the Sunday Leader, in opposition to it. The Herald ran about a year. Trestle Board, 1857 (?): Edited and published by J.J. Clarkson in the interest of the Masonic fraternity. Daily Union, 1857-1858: Issued by the Chicago Union Printing Company. Louis Schade was general editor; B. H. Meyers, city editor. Wells' Commercial Express and Western Produce Reporter, 1857-1871: Joel Henry Wells was editor and publisher until 1866; Wells and Vittum, 1 866-1 868; then Wells alone. At first weekly, then weekly and monthly. A daily edition called Morning £«/fe/J» was published from 1857 to 1859. After 1861 there was a daily edition called the Chicago Commercial Ex- press. This paper was listed in some of the directories as Wells' Commercial Express. E Western Railroad Gazette, April, 1857-April, 1870-f : Stanley G. Fowler was editor and publisher, 1861-1865; A. N. Kellogg, 1 866-1 870. The title was changed April, 1 870, to WHF CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 73 Railroad Gazette, + April, 1870-1882+: After the fire of October, 1871, the paper was published simultaneously in Chi- cago and New York. A. N. Kellogg was proprietor, 1872; A. N. Kellogg and Company were proprietors, 1873. In 1872 S. Wright Dunning and M. N. Forney were editors : S. Boardman was publisher. S. Wright Dunning and M. N. Forney were editors and publishers, 1 873-1 883. The paper was moved to New York in 1882. June, 1908, it was united with Railway Age as Railroad Age Gazette, and is stiU so published. HWUJC Zeitgeist, 1857-1858: German. Edited by Ernest Georders and published by Charles Hess. Cloud and the Bow, July 7, 1858 (?): A semi-monthly relig- ious publication, edited by Rev. W. H. Hadley. "Devoted to the benefit of the friendless, the tempted, and the ening." EH Emery's Journal of Agriculture, January i-t)ctober 7, 1858-!- : Edited by Henry D. Emery and Charles D. Bragdon. With vol. 2, no. 15 {Prairie Farmer, vol. 18, no. 41), October 7, 1858, Mr. Emery, who had bought the Prairie Farmer, October i, continued the paper as Emery's Journal of Agriculture and Prairie Farmer, October 7, 1858-January, 1859. January I, 1859, ^^ shortened the tide to the original Prairie Farmer, and continued the publication. (See p. 54.) WH Herald, May, 1858-September, i86o-f : Established by Isaac Cook and Charles N. Pine as a Buchanan administration organ to antagonize the Times, which supported Douglas. In 1859 it was sold to Cyrus H. McCormick. The Times was bought by McCormick in September, i860, and the first number of the Daily Times and Herald was issued September 8. This paper was maintained through the campaign of i860 as an ex- treme exponent of State Rights Democracy. Ex-Govemor E. W. McComas was editor first of the Herald, later of the Times and Herald. An advertisement of the Herald before the con- solidation announces that the paper will continue "an organ of Democratic thought and an exponent of constitutional principles. It will advocate the equal rights of the people and the fraternal union of the States. ... Its motto is 'Principles, not Men.' As a commercial, mechanical, literary and moral newspaper, it will be inferior to none in the West. Nothing will be allowed in its columns that wiU cause a blush to the most rigidly pure." (See Times.) A Northwestern Prairie Farmer, October 7, 1858 to date (i860) : Established by James C. Medill, editor, and William S. Hon- nold, publisher, who apparently did not wish to be included among those who sold their good will to H. D. Emery with the 74 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Prairie Farmer. The Northwestern Prairie Farmer used the same slogan that the Prairie Farmer had used: "Farmers, write for your paper." Charles Betts appeared as an editor some time after the establishment of the paper, which is found in the directory for 1859 ^^'^ i860. E Northwestern Quarterly Magazine, October, 1858: Edited by James Grant Wilson and published by Rufus Blanchard. A serious magazine, " the most ambitious of the kind ever attempted in Chicago, and quite pretentious for so early a date . . " In telling of the aims of the magazine the editors said that " the broad fields of literature" were to be traversed "and the progress of fine arts to be traced." The financial embarrassment of Mr. Blan- chard in another publication enterprise prevented the appearance of a second number of the Quarterly, even though the material for it was in the proof. H Det R.iiTTA Hemlandet, +1858-1873-1-: Established in Gales- burg in 1856 as a monthly devotional paper, it was removed to Chicago in 1858. It editors to 1873 were the same as for Hem- landet. Merged in Hemlandet, Det Gamla Och Det Nye, -I- January 7, 1858 to date : A Swedish Lutheran paper, published at Galesburg from January 3, 1855, to 1858, when it was moved to Chicago. It was edited by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist, 1855-1858; Dr. Eric Norelius, assisted by Jonas Engberg, 1859; Norelius was suc- ceeded by Erland Carlsson, assisted by Engberg. Carlsson turned the work over to Engberg, 1863-1864; Dr. A. R. Cervin, 1864-1868; J. G. Princell, January-July, 1869; P. A. Sundelius, 1869; Johan Alfred Enander, 1869-1872; Enander and G. A. Bohman, 1872-1889. The firm was dissolved in 1889, and was succeeded by the Hemlandet Publishing Company, 1890. In 1891 Hemlandet was sold to A. E. Johnson with J. N. Soderholm as partner, editor-in-chief, and manager, 1891-1896; in 1896 Johnson bought out Soderholm, organized the Hemlandet Com- pany with himself as president, and Johan Alfred Enander again became editor. In 1869 the character of the paper was changed from a mainly religious to a general newspaper. Republican and still devoted to the interests of the Lutheran church. Bank Note Reporter and Counterfeit Detector, 1859 (?) to date (i860) : Listed in city directories for 1859 and i860 as issued monthly and semi-monthly by E. K. Willard and Mr. Young. A Bank Note Reporter is listed in 1861 with E. I. Tinkham as publisher, and McElroy's Bank Note Reporter is listed in 1862 and 1863. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 75 Christian Instructor and Western United Presbyterian, i8s9(?) to date (1880): The first mention of this publication is in the directory for 1879, although 1859 is given as the time when it was established. In 1879 it was listed as Christian In- strtutor, with Morrison, McCoy, and McDill as publishers. The longer name was used the next year; John Morrison and A. G. McCoy were editors and publishers. Then the short name was used, and Albert McCoy was named as editor. Dental Cosmos, 1859 to date (1879): A monthly, devoted to dental surgery and advertising. Printed in Philadelphia; issued simultaneously in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Chicago. In 1876, James W. White, M.D., D.D.S.,was editor, and Samuel S. W. White, publisher. The journal had the same editor and publisher to date (1879). Northwestern Home and School Journal, i859(?) (?): J. T. Eberhart was proprietor, and the assistant editor was Rolla A. Law. The paper appears in the city directory for 1859. Phillips' Northwestern Money Reporter and Insurance Journal, i859(?) (?) : Issued weekly, monthly, and semi- monthly by B. W. PhiUips. Noted in the city directory for 1859. Listed also as Northwestern Money Reporter. Report of Suits, Judgments, Chattel Mortgages,etc.,i859(?) to date (i860) : Listed in the city directories for 1859 and i860 as a daily, published by Edward Bean. Western Banner, i8s9( ?) to date (i860) : Listed in the directories for 1859 ^^^ 1 8^° ^th B. D. Killian as editor and proprietor. Baptist Monthly, January, i860 to date (1861): "A reposi- tory of original sermons, reviews, literary and religious mis- cellany." W. Stuart Goodno was publisher. John Russell of Bluffdale was a regular contributor. H Commercial Letter, i86o(?) ( ?) : A daily listed in the city directory of i860. Congregational Review, i86o(?) to date (1871) : A religious bi- monthly, published in 1870 and 1871 by G. S. G. Savage. Home Land, i86o( ?) ( ?) : A German weekly listed in the city directory of i860. Home Visitor, i860 to date: A philanthropic monthly, issued by the Chicago Home for the Friendless as an organ of communi- cation with its constituency. Goodman, Church, and Donnelley were publishers, 1867-1868. Mrs. Mary G. Clarke was editor, 1869-1871; Eliza W. Bowman, 1872-1880; Ellen C. Babbitt was editor in 1907. Mary B. Stalker has been editor since 1907. 76 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Katholisches Wochenblatt, i860 to date: E. Schultze was proprietor, 1 862-1 863; Franz Xavier Brandecker was editor and publisher, 1864-1880. In 1908 Brandecker was publisher and George Schlej-er was editor. In 1863 this paper was listed as the Catholic Journal. German Catholic. Market Review and Price Current, i860 to date (1861) : Listed in the 'city directories of i860 and 1861 as a weekly, published by P. L. and J. H. Wells. Chicago Medical Examiner, January, 1860-September, 1875+ : Issued monthly. N. S. Davis, M.D., and Frank W. Reilly, M.D., were editors, and W. Cravens and Company were publishers, 1861-1862; N. S. Davis was editor, 1863-1864, and editor and publisher, 1865-1870. From 1873 to 1875 N. S. and I. H. Davis were editors and publishers. After 1871 the word Chicago was dropped from the title, and the paper was a semi-monthly. In September, 1875, the Medical Examiner was united with the Chicago Medical Journal as the Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner. (See Chicago Medical Journal.) H Medical Investigator, 1860-1875+: This was a bi-monthly homeopathic journal of a somewhat popular order, edited anony- mously and published at least until 1874 by C. S. Halsey, except in 1861, when the publishers were Halsey and King. It reported the progress of the various homeopathic societies throughout the country and gave extracts from the lectures that were being given at the Hahnemann Medical College. At the close of 1866 it became a strictly professional monthly, with Dr. T. C. Duncan as its editor. In 1875 it was merged with the United States Medi- cal and Surgical Journal, and became the H United States Medical Investigator, -I-1875-1893: Semi- monthly. Dr. T. C. Duncan editor and publisher, 1875; Dr. T. C. Duncan editor, and F. Duncan manager, 1876; Dr. T. C. Duncan editor, and Duncan Brothers publishers, 1877-1880. Dr. W. E. Reed became editor in 1889, and was succeeded in January, 1891, by Dr. Charles H. Evans. In 1893 its publi- cation was discontinued. W Morning Post, December 25, 1860-1865^-: Daily and weekly. Established by James W. Sheahan, Andrd Matteson, and Francis A. Eastman as a Democratic paper, friendly to Douglas, and conservatively supporting the war measures of the government. It was edited by J. W. Sheahan, 1862-1865, and published by the Chicago Post Company. In 1863 it became the Post and con- tinued so until 1865. In that year Sheahan and Matteson were editors and F. A. Eastman was manager. The latter had sold his interest to William Pigott in 1862. The paper was sold to CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 77 the founders of Republican in 1865, and a new Post started Sep- tember 4, 1865, which after a few months became the Evening Post (which see). NAH Northwestern Money Reporter, i86o(?): Listed in the city directory of i860 as weekly, semi-monthly, and monthly. Northwestern Pulpit, February, i860 (?): A monthly re- pository of original sermons, reviews, and articles literary and religious. Published by W. Stuart Goodno at Jacksonville in accord with action taken by the Illinois Baptist General Asso- ciation. Dated at Chicago and Jacksonville. H Rail Splitter, June 23 till fall, i860: A Lincoln campaign paper edited by Charles Leib. Each issue contained at least one per- tinent and forcible cartoon. H Saturday Evening Review, i86o(?): Published by William Pigott. Sttmmf, pes Volks, i86o(?): Weekly. Wells' Marine Register, i86o(?) to date (1864): Published daily during navigation. Western Churchman, I 86o(?): Monthly. Listed in the directory for i860. American Bee Journal, 1861 to date: Monthly. Devoted to the interests of bee-keepers. In 1873 and 1874 W. F. Clarke was editor; Thomas G. Newman, business manager; and the Amer- ican Publishing Company were publishers. In 1875 Mr. Clarke and Mrs. E. S. Tupper were editors, with the same manager and publishers. Thomas G. Newman was editor and publisher in 1876. For the four years following Thomas G. Newman was editor; Newman and Sons were publishers. In 1907 George W. York was editor, the publishers were George W. York and Company. J American Journal of Materia Medica, i86i(?) to date (1862): A monthly medical journal, edited by George E. Shipman, M.D. ; published by Halsey and King. Insurance and Railway Register, i86i(?) to date (1863): Monthly. J. A. Nichols was editor and proprietor. Legal Adviser, 1861 to date: A monthly advertising sheet devoted to legal interests. Its aim "is to be a medium of information on questions of law, administration, and public policy, colonial and foreign affairs, industrial arts and sciences, popular literature, etc." E. M. Haines, who established the paper, was still editor and publisher in 1880. The Legal Adviser Publishing Com- pany were editors and publishers in 1907. NHU 78 n^LINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Lumberman's Advertiser and Weekly Price Current, i86i(?) to date (1862) : Nat. A. Haven was publisher. Merchants' Monthly Circular and Illustrated News, 1861 (?)+ : J. C. W. Bailey was editor and proprietor. In the first year of its existence the paper became the Chicago Merchants' Weekly Circular and Illustrated News, listed also as Chicago Merchants' Weekly Circular. Chicago Merchants' Weekly Circular and Illustrated News, +1861-1866+ : An advertising sheet that carried some continued stories and other "light literature." Published by John C. W. Bailey. In 1866 the paper became the H Western Merchants' Price Current and Manufacturers' Record, +1866-1870: A weekly commercial paper and adver- tising sheet. It was edited and published by John C. W. Bailey, except in 1869, when Mr. Bailey and William HoUy were editors and Mr. Bailey publisher. The paper was listed in the various directories as given above; or as Price Current and Manufacturers' Record, Western Merchants' Price Current, or Merchants and Manufacturers' Record. L 'Observateur de Chicago, i86i(?) (?): A French paper. S. E. Pinta was publisher. Presbyterian Recorder, January 3, i86i(?) to date (1862): The publishers of this paper were Lake, Quinlan, and Raymond. U Programme, 1861- (after 1873) : A daily, devoted to theatrical in- terests. G. W. Morris was publisher, 1868-1870. P. H. Massic was editor and publisher in 1870 and publisher in 1871. In 1873 Marsh and Baker were publishers. Daily Record and Hotel Register, i86i(?) to date (1870): John J. W. O'Donoghue was editor, proprietor, and publisher, 1864-1870. It is listed as Daily Record in the city directories, 1867-1870. RoweU mentions it in i86g as Evening Record, and gives 1861 as date of establishment. E American Churchman, 1862 to date (1871) : An Episcopal church paper edited by Hugh Miller Thompson. In 1869 H. R. Hay- den was publisher. The American Churchman Company were publishers 1870 and 1871. S American Spirit and Wine Trade Review, i862( ?) to date (1881) : A _ commercial semi-monthly publication. J. T. Pratt was editor, 1878-1879. The tide of the paper is given also as Wine and Spirit Review, and Western Spirit and Wine Trade. Farmers' Voice and Rural Outlook, 1862 to date: An agricul- tural monthly. H. A. Bereman was editor, and the Farmers' Press Publishing Company were publishers in 1907-1908. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 79 Index Universitates, March, 1862 ( ?) : A college monthly paper "published by the classes of the University of Chicago." The editors of the first number were John S. Mabie, Thomas W. Goodspeed, P. Albert Coen, and Hugh M. Howie. H Mcelroy's Bank Note Reporter, i862(?)-i863(?): Issued monthly and semi-monthly. This may have been a continu- ation of Bank Note Reporter. National Banner, May i-November, 1862 -|- : A monthly. Es- tablished by Miss Delphine P. Baker to create a patriotic fund for the relief of disabled soldiers and their families, to dissemi- nate literature of high tone, etc. George D. Prentice, Benjamin F. Taylor, James Grant Wilson, Horace Greeley, William H. Channing, and Theodore Til ton were contributors. After seven numbers the Banner was issued from Washington. H Telegraph, i862(?) to date (1864) : Issued daily and weekly. G. Feuchtinger was proprietor in 1862. In 1863 Dr. Ernest Schmidt was editor and proprietor. C. Knobelsdorf and Binder were editors and proprietors 1864. Blatter, i863( ?) ( ?) : A German paper published by Henry Hoiser. Hausfreund, i863( ?)-i87i( ?) : A weekly religious paper conducted in 1863 by an association of evangelist pastors for the United Evangelical Church. Joseph Hartman was editor, George E. Gross publisher in 1864; Rev. E. Guntrum was editor in 1870- 187 1, and the Northwestern German Company Synod were publishers. H Journal of Commerce, 1863-1896-I- : J. E. C. Heyer was commer- cial editor in 1869; D. Kerr, Jr., was business manager; and Tappan, McKillop, and Company were editors and publishers. The same was still true in 1877. The name of William Baker appears as proprietor at this date. In 1880 the Journal of Com- merce Company were publishers. In 1896 the title of the paper was changed to Iron and Steel. HE Daily Museum, 1863-18644- : A daily advertising sheet published in the interest of the Chicago Museum by Robert V. Kennedy. It was changed to H Museum and Hotel Register, -|-i864(?) to date (1873): Daily except Sunday. R. V. Kennedy was editor and publisher" in 1869; S. .S. Schofi and Company, 1870. In 1873 the Evening Mail Company were editors and publishers. New World, 1863 to date (1873) : A weekly publication devoted to temperance. It was dated from Chicago and Detroit. The new World Company edited and published the paper in 1872; J. 8o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS and C. P. Russell were editors and F. N. Newman was publisher in 1873. Not the same as the paper now issued under same name. Peoples' Dental Journal, 1863 to date (1865) : Issued quarterly. W. W. Allport, D.D.S., and S. P. Creighton were editors in 1863 ; W. W. Allport, D.D.S., A. HHl, D.D.S., and J. Richardson, D.D.S., were editors, and L. P. Haskell was publisher in 1864 and 1865. H Song Messenger, 1863 to date (1875) : Monthly. Root and Cady were editors and publishers, 1 869-1 870. J. R. Murray was editor in 1871, and Root and Cady were publishers. W. S. B. Mathews was editor, and Root and Cady were publishers, 1872-1873. In 1874 and 1875 F. W. Root was editor and George F. Root and Sons were publishers. A copy for April, 1868, owned by the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts, bears the title Song Messenger of the Northwest. EC Voice of Masonry, January, 1 863-1 883 (?): Monthly, devoted to Masonic science, harmony, and uniformity. It had as subtitles and Tidings jrom the Craft, and and Family Magazine. Robert Morris and J. Adams Allen were its first editors. J. C. W. Bailey soon became publisher, and in 1869 editor also, in which position he continued until 1873, when John W. Brown became associated with him. In 1875 A. G. Mackey became associated with Brown as editor. This continued until 1879 or 1880, when J. W. Brown became editor and publisher, and continued as far as available files go. HC Volunteer, October-November, 1863: A daily, edited by "the ladies of the Northwestern Fair," and published by W. S. Spencer. Western Rural, 1863-1883+: An agricultural paper, listed as a weekly in 1879 and bi-weekly in 1881, and dated for Chicago, Columbus, and Kansas City. H. N. F. Lewis was editor and publisher 1863-1869. In 1870 F. H. Glenn, Chicago, and Edward Mason, Detroit, were associate editors. In 1873 it was listed as Western Rural and Family Weekly Paper. On Sep- tember 22, 1883 it became Western Rural and American Stock- man. WHE Woreingman's Advocate, 1864 to date (1879): Messrs. Blake and Hayde were publishers in 1864. The name of the paper is given in the directory for 1867-1868 as Workingman's Advocate and Anti-monopolist, with the Anti-monopolist Publishing Com- pany as publishers. It was the official organ of the labor union in 1869. A. C. Cameron was editor and publisher, 1869-1879. Dated from Chicago, Detroit, and Cincinnati in 1879. TJ Academy of Music Gazette, i864(?) to date (1867): A weekly, devoted to musical interests. W. J. Jefferson and Company CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 81 were publishers, 1864-1865 ; G. S. Utter and Company, 1866- 1867. Advent Christian Times, 1864 to date (1877): A second-advent weekly. In 1873 WUliam L. Hines was editor; in 1874-1875, William Sheldon; 1876-1877, Frank Burr. The publishers during these periods were the Western Advent Christian Pub- lishing Society. U American Law Manual, i864(?) to date (1867) : A quarterly pub- lication, devoted to legal interests. E. M. Haines was publisher, I 864-1 867. Batavier in America, i864(?) (?): A Batavian paper, pub lished by John Vant Woud. British American, October, 1864 (?): "A weekly journal of foreign and domestic news." Its foreign news seems to have been secured entirely from foreign papers. H Deutsch-Amerikanische Monatshefte, 1864 (?): An ex- cellent journal of politics, science, and literature, edited by Caspar Butz and a number of associated editors, including Carl Schurz, Emil Preetorius, and Franz Sigel. German American, i864(?) to date (1872) : Published by Caspar Butz, 1864-1866. It is listed as weekly in 1872; published by Lieb and Homaday. It had started as a monthly. Herald of Truth, i864(?)-i867(?) : A monthly Mennonite paper published in English and in German. John F. Funk was editor and proprietor. Mystic Star, July, 1864 to date (1874): A monthly, devoted to Masonic interests, bearing the motto, "Let there be light." The editors and publishers were as follows : Rev. W. J. Chaplin, Rev. James Billings, and Solomon D. Bayless, P.G.M., editors, and James Billings, publisher, July, 1866-July, 1867; Rev. James Billings and Solomon D. Bayless, editors, and James Billings, publisher, July, 1867-January, 1868; James Billings, editor-in- chief, Solomon D. Bayless and S. Ashton, associate editors, and Ashton and Company, publishers and proprietors, January, 1868- January, 1869; Ashton and Company, editors and pub- lishers, 1869; J. Billings, editor and publisher, i87o-i87r; J. Billings, editor and F. M. Newman, publisher, 187 2-1 873; Mystic Star Company, editors and publishers, 1874. H Peoples' Journal of Health, i864(?) to date (1865): Issued monthly. Dr. Juston Hayes and Dr. C. R. Blackwell were pub- lishers. 82 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sandebudet, + December, 1864 to date: Removed to Chicago from Rockford, where it was established as a fortnightly Swedish Methodist paper by Victor Wittig on July 18, 1862. After a year and a half Albert Ericson became editor and remained so until November, 1864, when the M. E. Book Concern took over the publication and removed it to Chicago, where it was published by Poe and Hitchcock beginning December 8. In August, 1863, it was changed to a weekly. Victor Wittig became editor 1865 ; and Albert Ericson again 1867-1871. It was suspended for about a year after the fire; reappeared October 14, 1872, with N. O. Westergreen as editor; William Henschen, 1875-1882; Victor Wittig, 1882-1889; William Henschen, 1889-1898; H. K. Elmstrom, 1898-1902 ; William Henschen, 1902 to date. In 1889 Sandehudet passed into the control of the Swedish M. E. Book Concern, which merged Vdktaren (begun 1888) in the older paper. Independent in politics. Templar's Offering, i864(?) to date (1867) : Cowdery and Law were publishers, 1864-1865, and RoUa A. Law was publisher, 1866-1867. Union Banner and Commercial Advertiser, i864(?) : Published by W. S. Spencer and Company. United States Review, 1864 to date (1876) : Issued semi-monthly and devoted to insurance. It was dated for Philadelphia and Chicago in 1875. R. R. Deardon was publisher in 1875, and editor and publisher in 1876. Bee, i865(?) (?): A daily, published by Pigott and Fowler. City Evening News, i865(?) (?): A daily, published by J. M. Climie. Commercial Advertiser and Counting Room Manual, i86s(?) (?) : John R. Robinson was publisher in 1865. Evangelist, 1865 to date (1881) : An evangelical weekly. B. W. Johnson and B. J. Radford were editors and publishers in 1880. Home Circle and Temperance Oracle, 1865 to date (1871): A monthly, devoted to "literature, temperance, morality, and the people." S. M. Kennedy was editor and publisher in 1869, and in 1 87 1. A paper called Home Circle is mentioned in the directory for 1878-1879. Literary Messenger, October 14, 1865 (?): "A journal devoted to the interests of the Northwest." "Arts, literature, science, news, fashions and amusements" were included in its pages. The literary element predominated at first, and was creditable. A story by Mrs. M. L. Rayne was begun in the first number. The editor's name was not given. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 83 Little Corporal, July, 1865-1875 : A monthly, in journal form, devoted to secular, juvenile literature. Its motto was : " Fight- ing against Wrong, and for the Good and the True and the Beau- tiful." ^ This excellent magazine was originally published for the United States Sanitary Commission in connection with a fair. Its success and popularity encouraged its continuance fora decade. It was the first periodical from Chicago to secure wide attention, and the first juvenile in the country to be read by children every- where. It was the forerunner of St. Nicholas, of New York, and influenced for the better the character of the Youth's Com- panion of Boston. The names of the editors and publishers aire as follows: Alfred L. Sewell, editor and publisher, 1865; Sewell and Edward Eggleston, editors, A. L. Sewell, publisher, 1866- 1868 ; Sewell and Emily Huntington Miller, editors, Sewell, pub- lisher, 1868-1869; Sewell and Emily H. Miller, editors, Sewell and Miller, publishers, 1870; Sewell and E. H. Miller, editors, Alfred L. Sewell and Company, publishers, 1871; Emily Hunt- ington Miller, editor, and John E. Miller, publisher, 1872-1875. Edward Eggleston and Frances E. Willard were frequent con- tributors. In April, 1872, Work and Play, of Springfield, Mass., was absorbed. The circulation of the Little Corporal was remarkably large in the early years, but the advertising was not correspondingly developed, and after a gradual decline, the pub- lication ceased in 1875. Vols. 15 and 16, 1872 and 1873, are in the Evanston Public Library. H Monthly, the, January, 1865 (?): A Catholic paper devoted to literature, science, and art. Edited at the University of St. Mary's of the Lake ; published by J. J. Kearney and James P. Byrne. H Northwestern Sunday School Teachers' Quarterly, Jan- uary, 1865-18664- : Edited by Rev. J. H. Vincent, Rev. E. A. Pierce, Rev. W. W. Evarts, forming a publication committee. The publication had been begim with the idea of reaching chiefly the teachers of the northwest. After one year the name was changed to H Sunday School Teacher, -I- January, 1 866-1 869 -|- : A continu- ation of Northwestern Sunday School Teachers' Quarterly, edited by Rev. J. H. Vincent, Rev. E. A. Pierce, Rev. W. W. Evarts, forming a publication committee. In 1867 the committee was composed of Rev. Edward Eggleston, Rev. Z. M. Humphrey, Rev. E. G. Taylor, Rev. Charies Edward Cheney, Rev. H. L. Hammond; Prof. H. R. Palmer was art editor. Published by Adams, Blackmer, and Lyon under the auspices of the Chicago Sunday School Union. In January, 1869, changed to HC 84 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS National Sunday School Teacher, + January, 1869 to date (1881) : A continuation of Sunday School Teacher, with the same board of editors and the same publishers. Rev. Edward Eggles- ton was editor, 1 870-1 873. The publication was not stopped by the fire. M. C. Hazard was editor from 1874 until after 1880, and Adams, Blackmer, and Lyon were publishers. H Post, September 4, 1865-1874+ : A Republican paper, daily and weekly, which until February 3, 1866, was published as the Post. Then it appeared as Evening Post, and later as the Chicago Post, but the title Evening Post seems to have prevailed after December 14, 1866. Established by William Pigott, who used the paper successfully to effect the election of the "soldiers' ticket." At first it was published by Pigott and Stanley G. Fowler, but after a few months it was bought by David Blakely, who associated with him in the business department his brother, C. H. Blakely. For a short time General Hasbrouck Davis was editor. In 1867 the Post Printing Company was organized and Charles H. Ray was made editor. In the same year William H. Schuyler be- came manager. In 1869 Schuyler sold his interest to McMullen Brothers, and J. B. McMullen became manager. Ray died in 1870. Late in 1873 controlling stock was bought by Woodbury M. Taylor and the Post was consolidated with the Mail to form the HE Post and Mah,, + January, 1874-1876+ : Daily and weekly. In 1876 the Post and Mail was continued as the HUG Chicago Post, +i876-August, 1878: Woodbury M. Taylor was president of the owning company, and was manager until Decem- ber, 1877, although McMullen Brothers were publishers for several months in 1877. In 1878, while organizing a new com- pany, Oliver A. Willard, a leading stockholder, died. The paper was continued for a few months by his sister, Frances E. Willard, after which it was sold, August, 1878, to the News. C Religio-Philosophical Journal, 1865 to date (1895): A spirit- ualist paper issued weekly. Early in 1867 a successor to the Religio-Philosophical Journal was announced to appear under the name of Spiritual Republic. It was not to be ' 'tied to any sect or party ..." The editors purposed to "correct all the evil of the world and set things in general to rights." Except for one mention of it in the city directory for 1869, there is no evidence that this paper appeared. The old name was being used, moreover, in 1869, according to Rowell's newspaper direc- tiry for that year, which gives S. S. Jones as editor and the Religio- Philosophical Publishing Association as publishers. S. S. Jones was editor and publisher, 1870-1877, and proprietor, 1873-1875. In 1879 and 1880, John C. Bundy was editor and manager. EHUW CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 85 Republican, May 30, i86s-March, 1872: A daily established by an imposing list of stockholders, who were dissatisfied with the Tribune, including Ira Y. Munn, John V. Farwell, J. K. C. For- rest, and J. Y. Scammon of Chicago; Jesse K. Dubois and Jacob Bunn of Springfield; John Wood of Quincy ; J. Wilson Shaffer of Freeport; A. C. Babcock of Canton; A. W. Mock of Kan- kakee; and Henry Childs of DuPage county. The company bought the plant — and the Associated Press franchise — of the Morning Post. Charles A. Dana was made editor, A. W. Mock, publisher. Dana did not assume his duties until well on in July. In just one year these gentlemen withdrew. Dana was not happy in the position, and not enough money was put into the enterprise to put it properly on its feet. A brief suspension fol- lowed the change of management. The stock was now con- trolled by Bunn and Dubois ; a new company was formed ; V. B. Denslow was made editor, George D. Williston, manager, and publication was resumed August 5, 1865. After one year Denslow withdrew and James F. Ballantyne became editor. He was succeeded by Henry M. Smith, and he by John G. Nico- lay in 1869. In 1870 Bunn, having become sole owner, sold to a company consisting of Joseph B. McCullagh, John R. Walsh, H. N. Hibbard, and WiUiam H. Schuyler. Burned out in the fire, the Republican was bought by John Y. Scammon; it reap- peared on October 12, and continued until March, 1872, when it was succeeded by the Inter Ocean. Complete file in the library of the Boston Athenaeum. SDHANE United States Medical and Surgical Journal, October, 1865- September, 18744- : A homeopathic journal, published by C. S. Halsey, under the editorial supervision of Dr. George E. Ship- man. Its pages record a great advance in the development of the new system of medical practice. In 1871, on behalf of the Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Drs. W. Danforth, A. E. Small, and R. Ludlam bought the interest of Mr. Halsey, the publisher. From that time the journal was largely filled with reports of lectures in that school, and with the transactions of the Chicago Academy of Medicine. After the completion of nine volumes it was merged with the Medical Investigator, and became the United States Medical Investigator. HJ Voice of the Fair, April 27 or 28- June 24, 1865: A paper issued in the interest of the Northwestern Sanitary Fair. Weekly until May 30, then daily. Edited by Andrew Shuman. File in the library of Boston Athenaeum. HC Western Temperance Advocate, August 4, 1865 to date (1868) : Established as the official organ of the Sons of Temperance, it 86 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS was larger in its ambition and scope than that fact indicates. Rev. J. C. Stoughton was editor until January 30, 1868, when the usual lack of funds caused a new arrangement, whereby T. M. Van Court became publisher ; the period of issue was changed from a week to a fortnight, and the publication was "edited 'round " by volunteers. It was apparently soon discontinued. H Young Catholic's Friend, i865( ?) ( ?) : A monthly juvenile paper, published by J. J. Kearney. Banking and Insurance Chronicle, 1866 (?): Weekly; continued until some time after November, 1867. EH J Belletristische Zeitung, 1866 to date (1876) : The Sunday edition of the Chicago Union, edited and published in 1876 by Hermann Lieb. Brown School Holiday Budget, Christmas, 1866 (?): An amateur paper edited "by S. P. and Tad," S. P. Rounds, Jr., and Thomas Lincoln (son of Abraham Lincoln), and announced to be published occasionally. H Chronicle, 1866-August, 1872+ : An insurance and real estate weekly. In 1869, J. J. W. O'Donaghue was editor and pub- lisher. For three years following J. J. W. O'Donaghue and Edgar A. Hewitt were editors ; the Chronicle Publishing Com- pany, publishers. In August, 1872, the Chronicle was moved to New York. Daily Commercial Report and Market Review, i 866-1 876(?) : The successive editors and publishers were: D. D. Michaels, 1866-1868; Kennedy and Company, 1868-1870; Daley, Slade, and Cowles, 1870; Daley, Cowles, and Dunkley, 1871; Cowles and Dunkley, 1874-1876. C Concordia, 1866 to date (1869): A quarterly publication, devoted to literature and music. H. R. Palmer and W. S. B. Mathews were editors, and H. R. Palmer was publisher in 1869. Frank Leslie's Budget of Fun, i866(?) to date (1867): Leslie and Company were publishers. Frank Leslie's Chimney Corner, i866(?) to date (1867) : Leslie and Company were publishers. Jolly Joker, i866(?)-i867(?) : Monthly. A. Leslie was publisher. Home Papers, i866(?)-i868(?): Monthly. Published by C. S. Halsey. Ladies' Repository, i866(?)-i87o(?): Monthly. Poe and Hitch- cock were publishers 1866-1868 ; J. W. Wiley was editor in 1870. National Prohibitionist, 1866 to date (1871) : The Prohibitionist Company edited and published this paper, 1870-1871. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 87 Musical Review, 1866-1867: Edited and published by H. M. Higgins; The title was changed, beginning with the third number, to Higgins Musical Review. Monthly. N North- Western Farmer, 1866 to date (1869): A monthly agri- cultural publication dated from Chicago and Indianapolis, Indi- ana. The North-Western Farmer Company were editors and publishers in 1869. U Price Current and Manufacturers' Record, 1866 to date (1870) : John C. W. Bailey and William Holly were editors in 1866. Bailey published the paper at that time, and during 1869 and 1870 was both editor and publisher. Reform, i866(?) todate(i867): A German daily paper published by B. F. Bross. Skandivanen, May 6, 1866 to date: A Norwegian-Danish daily and bi-weekly Republican paper, with a Sunday edition. It was established by Langeland and Anderson. Shortly after it started Knud Langeland became editor and John Anderson proprietor. It was weekly and tri- weekly, 1 869-1 871, with Langeland as editor. In 1873 Victor F. Lawson bought an interest. Johnson, Anderson, and Lawson were proprietors and publishers, 1874-1875; in 1876 and 1877 Anderson and Lawson were editors and publishers. Mr. Lawson sold his in- terest in 1889 and the John Anderson Publishing Company has continued as publishers from 1889 to date. Of this firm Nicolay A. Grevstad was chief editor, assisted by Benson, Westby, E. Anderson, C. Solberg, and Steensohn. Files of the paper are available at the ofl&ce, 183-187 Peoria street, Chicago. UW Seven Sounds, i866(?) (?): A musical magazine "adapted to the youth." H. T. Merrill was editor, Merrill and Brennan were publishers in 1866. Svenska Amerikanaren, September 8, 1866-1873+ : A paper organized and published by a stock company which wishedaliberal paper without church or other aflBliation. Hans Mattson was editor until February, 1867, though Herman Roos was virtually editor, and was nominally head of the editorial staff from Feb- ruary, 1867, to December, 1869; Peter A. Sundelius, 1868-1870, 1871-1873; A. W. Schalin, January to August, 1871. Sold to Charles J. Stenquist in April, 1873. He changed the name to Nya Svenska Amerikanaren, -F April, 1873-1876-I- : Stenquist sold in 1877 to Hans Mattson, who soon transferred the paper to the Swedish Publishing Company. The paper was edited by Magiius Elmblad, then Gottfried Cronwall, then, 1874, by A. L. Gyllenhaal, and later by him and Herman Roos till it was sold 88 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS to Mattson. Under the Swedish Publishing Company this paper, Nya Verlden, and Skandia of Moline, were united to form U SvENSKA Tribunen, +1876-1906+: Frank Anderson, Andrew Chaiser, C. F. Peterson, and a little later, Hans Mattson were members of the company that owned the paper. In 1880 Matt- son sold to Carl Gustaf Linderborg, who made the paper lib- eral and Independent, with Republican tendencies. But Peter- son was a Greeley man in 1872 and afterward Independent, and P. P. Svenson, one of the editors, was a Democrat; as a con- sequence the politics was mixed. Among the editors were Carl Anton Mellander, until i894(?). Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal, 1894-1899; C. F. Peterson, 1900; Ernst W. Olson, 1900-1901; Gyllenhaal, 1901-1905; Anders Tofft, October, 1905-spring of 1906; Carl G. Norman, 1906 to date. The plant was sold in 1900 to John E. Norling, P. O. Norling, and Samuel E. Carls- son; John E. Norling became sole proprietor in 1901 ; he sold to C. F. Erikson in 1905. In 1906 it combined with Svenska Nyheter as Svenska Trihunen-Nyheter, owned by Erikson and Gustav C. Broberg. The latter soon sold to Erikson. The paper has in the main been Republican. Western Pulpit, January 1866 ( ?) : "A monthly theological miscellany devoted to the purity and power of the ministry, and the spiritual improvement and harmony of all Christian be- lievers." The miscellany was heavy, and was edited by a board of six ministers of six various denominations. It was published by Rev. R. F. Shinn. H Westlische Unteehaltungs Blatter, 1866 to date (1876): A German Democratic paper, published weekly — the Sunday edition of the Union. Frederick Becker was publisher in 1869; Hermann Lieb was editor and publisher, 1873-1876; W. Bel- linghausen and Company are also listed as editors and publishers in 1876. Advance, September 5, 1867 to date: A Congregational weekly established by an association known as the Advance Company. W. W. Patton, D.D., was editor-in-chief 1867-1873, with J. B. T. Marsh, office editor and publisher for the Advance Company. In 1870 A. B. Nettleton was publisher for the Advance Com- pany, but by the year following, J. B. T. Marsh was again filling this post. In 1 87 1 Mr. Marsh and H. L. Turner became the proprietors. Mr. Marsh soon sold his share to Mr. Turner, but continued on the editorial staff to 1875. In 1873 the paper was purchased by Charles H. Howard and Company. Dr. Patton was succeeded as editor by General Howard, who associated with himself Rev. Simeon Gilbert. In 1877 Rev. T. DeWitt CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 89 Talmage and Gen. C. H. Howard were editors. The paper was dated from both New York and Chicago, in that year and in 1879. General Howard continued to 1882, when he sold to Rev. Dr. Robert West, who was editor and manager until 1886. Dr. Simeon Gilbert then became editor, with Dr. F. A. Noble as nominal editor-in-chief. After two years Dr. Noble retired and a Mr. Harrison became editor and general manager. In 1907 J. A. Adams was editor. The Advance Publishing Company were publishers. EWDHACN Anzeiger, i867(?): German. George F. Gross was publisher. Arlington Hall Programme, 1867 to date (1868): Ashley and Bassett were publishers in 1867 ; Utter and Company in 1868. Art Journal, October, 1867 to date (1871): Monthly. Estab- lished by Martin O'Brien, with a subtitle An American Review of the Fine Arts. Special attention was given to art matters of Chicago, but New York, Boston, and European correspondence gave the journal a much wider scope. At the close of the first year J. F. Aitken and Company became the publishers, Charles A. Evans, the editor. J. Wright became editor in July, 1869. H Courier, 1867 to date (1872) : A monthly publication, devoted to commerce, finance, and education. H. B. Bryant was publisher, 1 869-1 870; Bryant and Chase were editors and publishers, 1871-1872. E Gem of the West and Soldiers' Friend, 1867 to date (1876): A weekly in 1870, later a monthly ; edited by C. Augustus Havi- land and wife. The Soldiers' Friend Company, known later as the Gem of the West Company, were publishers during the period 1872-1876. The paper is given in the newspaper direc- tory for 1870 as Western Soldiers' Friend. HC Great West, i867(?) to date (1868): Monthly. Gilbert, Norton, and Company were publishers. Herald of Peace, 1867 to date (1870) : A Friends' paper, pub- lished semi-monthly. W. E. Hathaway was editor in 1869; Hathaway and Willet Dorland were editors in 1870. The Her- ald Company were publishers, 1869-1870. This was said to be the only Friends paper in the west. E Herald of the Coming Kingdom and Christian Instructor, i867-i87i( ?) -f- : A religious semi-monthly publication. In 1869 Thomas Wilson and George Moyer were editors; Wilson, St. Clair, and Company were publishers. In 1870 Thomas Wilson alone was editor; Wilson and St. Clair were publishers. The paper advocated "the literal reign of Christ and his saints upon earth, the restoration of the twelve tribes of Israel, the complete 90 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS mortality of man, and the entire destruction of the wicked." It was apparently succeeded in 1871 by Restitution. Inside Track, 1867 to date (1869): A monthly, devoted to adver- tising interests. A. N. Kellogg was editor and publisher in 1869. Irish Republic, i867(?) (?): The Irish Republic News Company was publisher. Journal of the Farm, 1867 to date (1872) : A monthly agricul- tural paper. Baugh and Sons were publishers in 1871 and 1872. The paper was dated for Philadelphia and Chicago. JuxBRUDER, 1867 to date (1871) : A German comic weekly. Dr. A. C. Lebell and H. von Sangen were editors, 1870-1871 ; J. M. Geyerstanger was publisher. Liberal, 1867 to date (1870) : A weekly, devoted to "free thought." James Walker was editor and publisher 1 869-1 870. E Lyceum Banner, 1867 to date (1872) : Bi-weekly. Mrs. H. F. M. Brown was editor, and Mrs. Lou H. Kimball was publisher, 1870-1871. In 1872 Mrs. Lou H. Kimball was editor and publisher. Mechanic and Inventor, 1867 to date (1873) : Monthly. Thomas A. Sprague was editor; the Mechanic and Inventor Association were publishers. In 1873 the journal was dated for Chicago and Detroit. Weekly Merchant, i867(?) (?): A commercial weekly paper, published by Truax and Homish. New Republic, i867(?), to date (1870): Rev. W. B. Christopher was editor, 1867-1868. From 1868 to 1870 Frank Gilbert was publisher. Northwestern Review, 1867 to date (December, 1874) : A weekly paper, devoted to insurance. In 1870 and 1871 it was published monthly. It became weekly again in 1872. R. R. Dearden was editor and publisher, 1870-1874. In 1872 the title was given as Northwestern Weekly Review. JCH Olive Wreath, January, 1867-1869+ : An Odd Fellows' monthly magazine. W. J. Chaplin was editor and publisher, 1867-1869. D. B. Harrington was also a publisher in 1869. This magazine was consolidated with Odd Fellows' Wreath, Detroit, and Western Odd Fellow, Mason, to form H Western Odd Fellow, -|-i87o(?) to date (1871) : A consolidation of Olive Wreath, Chicago, Odd Fellows' Wreath, Detroit, and Western Odd. Fellow, Mason. A weekly, devoted to Odd Fel- lowship. J. B. Wing and W. S. Woodmere, editors, and D. B. and N. W. Harrington, publishers in 1870. J. Ward Ellis, P. •CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 91 G. M., was editor, and Ellis and Burroughs were publishers in 1871. H Opera House Programme, i867(?) to date (1870): A daily. G. S. Utter and Company were publishers. Specimen, July i, 1867 to date (1881): A typographical paper, issued quarterly for advertising purposes. It was published by Harder Luse and Company, type founders. J Union, i867(?) to date (1868): Published under the auspices of the Chicago Typographical Union. L'Unione Italiano, August 6, 1867 to date (1869): Published weekly by the Italo-American Printing Company. This paper was probably succeeded after one year by // Messaggiere Italiano dell' Quest. A Union Stock Yards Exchange, i867(?) to date (1870) : A daily paper, published by H. L. Goodall. American Builder and Journal of Art, October 15, 1868-1872 : Monthly. Established by Charles D. Lakey, publisher, with J. C. Adams as editor. Lakey soon became editor and Stanley Waterloo became his associate. The publication was designed especially to interest builders and to help to remedy defects in American architecture. A considerable amount of space was devoted to art and artists, however, and the journal exerted a beneficial influence in many directions. EH American Journal of Education, 1868 to date (1879) '• ^ monthly educational magazine. Edited and published in 1873 by Rev. E. N. Andrews and Grace Hurwood. In 1875 and 1876, J. B. Merwin was editor and publisher. In 1879 J. B. Merwin and R. B. Shannon were editors and publishers. The paper was published at St. Louis. Dated for that city and Chicago. W American Messenger, i868(?) to date (1871): Monthly. Pub- lished in English as the American Messenger, and also in Ger- man as the Americanischer Botschajter. The American Tract Society were the publishers. Bonham's Rural Messenger, 1868 to date (1872) : An agricid- tural monthly, edited and published in 1871 and 1872 by Jeriah Bonham. Chicagoan, April 18, 1 868- June, 1869-!- : A literary weekly of un- usually good quality, published by H. N. F. Lewis. The first number began a story by George S. Phillips. Robert CoUyer conducted a column; Robert Dale Owen was a contributor. The paper contained good book reviews, and attracted attention for its bold and extreme views on social questions. After about one year the Chicagoan absorbed Sorosis and Advance Guard, and became the H 92 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Universe, +June, 1869 (?): Edited and published by H. N. F. Lewis. Robert Dale Owen was a contributor. Christian Cynosure, 1868 to date: An opponent of secret societies. The newspaper directories from 1871 to 1880 give Rev. J. Blanchard as editor, Ezra Cook and Company as pub- lishers. In 1907, William I. Phillips was editor; the National Christian Association were publishers. The Christian Cynosure is given as weekly and bi-weekly in 1872, as weekly in 1879, and as.monthly in 1907. E Fremad, 1868 to date (1871) : A Scandinavian weekly, Republican in politics. In 1 870 and 1 87 1 S. Beder was editor and publisher. Gospel Pulpit, 1868 to date (1869): A Universalist quarterly. Edited and published by Rev. W. J. Chaplin. Home Eclectic, 1868 to date (1870) : A monthly, devoted to family interests. Sumner Ellis was editor and publisher. Illustrated Chicago News, April 24, 1868 (?): A very creditable weekly, with illustrations by Thomas Nast and other well known artists. An editorial in the first number announces that "we shall make the Illustrated Chicago News, as far as we are able, a truly Western paper, but at the same time one that will make itself interesting to the East as well as the West." Famum and Church were the publishers. H Daily Law Record, i868(?)-i87i(?): R. R. Stevens was pub- lisher. Market Reporter, 1868 to date (1869) : A commercial paper. Howard, White, and CroweU were editors and publishers. Chicago Merchants' and Manufacturers' Record, i868(?)- ( ?) : A commercial paper, published by J. C. W. Bailey. Il Messaggiere Italiano dell' Quest, November 21, 1868- (?): Published by the Italo-American Printing Company; Paolo CeUa, secretary. A Musical Independent, 1868 to date (1873) : A monthly devoted to musical interests. W. S. B. Mathews was editor and Lyon and Healy were publishers in 1869 and 1871. Robert Goldbeck was editor and publisher in 1873. Narodni NovnsTG, 1868 to date (1870) : A Bohemian weekly publi- cation. Joseph Sladek was editor in 1870; T. B. Belohradsky was publisher. News from the Spirit World, i868(?) to date (1870): Mrs. A. Buffum edited this publication. Nova Doba, 1868 to date (1871) : A weekly Bohemian publication. Joseph Pastor was editor and the Bohemian Printing and Pub- lishing Company were publishers in 1871. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 93 Pharmacist, September, 1868-1885+: Quarterly for one year, then monthly. Published by the Chicago College of Pharmacy. E. H. Sargent was editor for the first year. Then its title was changed by the addition of and Chemical Record (dropped in 1874). The period of publication became monthly and Albert E. Ebert became co-editor with E. H. Sargent. Succeeding editors were : N. Gray Bartlett, editor, Albert E. Ebert, associate editor, 1870-1872; Alberts. Ebert, 1 873-1 875; J. J. Siddall, business editor, 1874; no editor named, but publication committee of E. H. Sargent, W. F. Blocki, and Albert E. Ebert, 1876; E. H. Sargent and M. W. Borland, 1877 ; same, plus F. M. Goodman, 1878; 11. D. Garrison, editor, 1879-1880; Robert H. Cowdrey managing editor, 1881, editor 1 882-1 884. The title of Phar- macist and Chemist was assumed before i88o(?), and later "a journal of pharmacy, chemistry, materia medica, toxicology and allied sciences" also appeared on the volume title pages. Succeeded by Western Druggist in 1885. H Postal Record, 1868 to date (1872) : A monthly. David Green was publisher in 1871 ; Joseph N. Green in 1872. Present Age, 1868 to date (1872) : A weekly spiritualist paper. It was dated from New York and Chicago in 1872. Dorus M. Fox was editor and publisher, 1871-1872. Chicago Railway Review, June, 1868-1897+ : Established as a weekly by Stanley G. Fowler and D. C. Brooks. Brooks be- came sole owner after about one year, and in 1873 sold to Wil- lard A. Smith, who was at that time publisher of the St. Louis Railway Register. That paper was subsequently incorporated with the Chicago Railway Review as Railway Review. Mr. Smith continued as sole owner and editor until 1883, when W. D. Crosman became associate editor. He was editor, 1 885-1 890; Willard A. Smith, editor, James Peabody, Waldo H. Marshall, associates, 1891; James Peabody and Clement F. Street, editors, 1892-1894. Names of editors not given thereafter, until 1902, when W. M. Camp was editor. He has continued to occupy that position, and Willard A. Smith has remained president and general manager to date. The Railway Review, Incorporated, is publisher. Title changed to Railway and Engineering Review, April 3, 1897. CHJUW Real Estate and Building Journal, 1868 to date: Issued weekly and devoted to real estate and building. Charles A. Smith was editor and T. A. Hungerford and Company were publishers in 1 873-1 874. S. A. Chappell was editor and T. A. Hungerford and Company were publishers in 1875. In 1876 S. A. Chappell was editor, and S. A. ChappeU and Company 94 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS were publishers. S. A. Chappell was editor in 1877, and John C. Parry was publisher. B. E. Smyers was editor and publisher in 1907, Real Estate and Building Journal Company, igoS.' H Reporter, 1868 to date: Monthly. Established by Francis N. Nichols under the firm name of Nichols and Company. Mr. Nichols was editor and publisher until 1878, and was thereafter editor until 1904. Nichols and Company have been publishers from 1872 to date. The Reporter was the pioneer and for many years the only trade magazine published in the interest of the granite and marble monumental trade. It was first located in a small office at Clark and Kinzie streets, where it was burned out in the fire of 187 1. It later moved to the West Side, claiming to have operated the first power press on the west side of Chicago. SoROSis, 1868-1869+ : A weekly, devoted to woman's rights. Mrs. M. L. Walker and Company were editors and publishers in 1869. This paper was absorbed by the Chicagoan, which continued as the Universe, June, 1869. Sunday School Messenger, January, 1868 to date: A weekly paper edited and published by Rev. Andrew L. O'Neill, January, 1868-August, 1901 ; Rev. James J. Curran, September 1901- August, 1904; Rev. John J. Masterson, August, 1904 to date. Sunday School Scholar, 1868-1873+ : A young people's educa- tional monthly. Selim H. Peabody was editor ; Adams, Black- mer, and I-yon were publishers. The name became Scholar, + 1873-1876: Publication w^as continued until 1876 when, upon the establishment of St. Nicholas in New York, the Scholar was bought by the St. Nicholas Company. H Western Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, 1868 to date. (See Quincy.) H Western Book Seller, 1868 to date (1870) : A monthly devoted to the interests of booksellers and publishers. The Western News Company were editors and publishers, 1 868-1 870. H Western Catholic, 1868 to date (1881) : Issued weekly and de- voted to Catholic interests. David Barry and Company were editors and publishers in 1870. Dee and Company were editors and publishers, 1 871-1873. The name of William Mackay Lomasney also appears as editor ini873. The Western Catholic Publishing and Printing Company were proprietors in 1874- 1875. Cornelius J. Coffey and Company were publishers and proprietors, and J. R. Coffey was manager, 1876-1880. In 1872 the paper was dated for Detroit and Chicago. It was Demo- cratic in politics. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 95 Chicago Western Home, 1868-1871+: Issued monthly ; a maga- zine of the "family story" type. The editors and publishers were: A. Parkhurst and Company, publishers, 1869; Stoddard and Parkhurst, 1870; Edward P. Fenn, editor, Western Home Company, publishers, 1871 ; Western Home Company, editors and publishers, 1875. The Chicago Western Home was de- stroyed in the great fire, but was apparently revived in 1874 as Western Home, -1-1874-1875: Publication was continued to 1875. A. Chisholm was publisher in that year. No. i of vol. 2, July, 1869, contains a contribution from Harriet Beecher Stowe, and announces Mrs. Stowe and Robert CoUyer as regular contribu- tors. H Western Postal Record, 1868 to date (1881) : A monthly devoted to postal interests. J. S. El well was editor, and the Western Record Printing Company were publishers, 1872-1874. P. C. Russell was editor and publisher, 1875-1881. C Advance Guard, (?)-i869-|-: This weekly paper was mentioned in the directory for 1869. It was absorbed by the Chicagoan, which continued as the Universe, June, 1869. Advocate of Peace, 1869 to date (1874): Monthly. The Ameri- can Peace Society, editors and publishers. Dated at Boston and Chicago. Agitator, i869(?) (?): Mentioned in the directory of 1869 as a woman's periodical. Art Journal and Agitator, i869-i87o(?): Mentioned in the directory for 1 869-1 870. May have been the successor of Agitator mentioned in the directory next preceding. Banner, 1869 to date (1885) : A weekly paper, published in 1885 by Frank E. Stanley. Found in Rowell for 1884 with 1869 given as date of establishment. H Baptist Quarterly, i869(?) to date (1870): Published by the American Baptist Publishing Society. Bright Side, 1869-1872-t- : John B. Alden was editor; Alden and True, publishers. In 1871 it was published by the Bright Side Company in weekly, semi-monthly, and monthly edi- tions. The following year, with a change of editor, the name was changed to Bright Side and Family Circle, -f-i872 to date (1873) : C. G. G. Paine was editor in 1872 and 1873. The Bright Side Company continued as publishers. Only a monthly edition is listed for these years. British Mail, i869(?) (?): Monthly. In the directory for 1869. 96 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Bureau, 1869 to date (1872) : A commercial monthly. A. Arm- strong was editor and publisher in 1870. In 1871 and 1872 Mr. Armstrong was business manager, C. W. Jenks was editor, and the Bureau Publishing Company were publishers. HJW College Times, 1869 to date (1871) : A college monthly. Edited and published by the students of the University of Chicago. Daily Commercial Bulletin, 1869-1886+: A commercial daily paper which, in 1881, was also listed as a weekly. J. W. Sickels was editor, and B. D. M. Eaton was publisher, in 1870. The next year B. Frank Howard was editor; Howard, White, and Crowell were publishers. James A. Doane was editor and publisher in 1880. In 1886 the Daily Commercial Bulletin, published by Howard Bartels and Company, became the Daily Trade Bulletin. Druggists' Price Current, 1869 to date (1872): A medical and chemical monthly. H. D. Garrison, M.D., and A. F. Murray were editors, and Bamet and Son publishers in 1871. The fol- lowing year Dr. Garrison was editor; James and Barnet were publishers. Evening Lamp, 1869 to date (1905) : Established by A. N. Kellogg. It is a weekly sheet, devoted to literary miscellany and to adver- tising, printed from the best plate matter of the A. N. Kellogg Newspaper Company. In 1870 and 1871 A. N. Kellogg was editor and publisher. From 1873 to 1879 J- ^- Edson was editor. With various editors A. N. Kellogg or the A. N. Kellogg Company has continued the publication. U Everybody's Paper, 1869 to date (1879): A monthly evangelical Sunday-school paper. The Chicago Y. M. C. A. were editors in 1873. and F. H. Revell was publisher. For the four years following the Chicago Y. M. C. A. were publishers, and J. M. Chapman was business manager. In 1879 the Evangelical Pub- lishing Company were publishers and F. E. Post was manager. The paper was listed as semi-monthly in that year. Fortschritts Freund, i869( ?) ( ?) : In the directory for 1869. Homeopath Journal, i869(?) (?): ListedinRowell for 1869, with no report. Independent, 1869 to date (1870) : John E..Tansey was manager; the Independent Company were publishers in 1870. Irish_ Sentinel, i869(?): James C. Flynn and Company were editors and publishers. Ladies' Own Magazine, 1869 to date (1874) : A monthly, devoted to women's interests. Mrs. M. Cora Bland was editor and pub- lisher in 1873. In 1874 Mrs. Bland was editor; M. C. Bland and Company were publishers. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 97 Land Owner, 1869 to date (1880) : A monthly publication," devoted exclusively to the landed interests of the country." It was a weekly in 1875 but became a monthly again in 1876 and con- tinued so. J. M. Wing and Company were publishers through- out its existence. HC Laterne, i869(?) (?): A German paper, listed in Rowell for 1869. Von Hollen was editor and publisher. Law Manual, i869(?) (?): Listed in Rowell for 1869, with no report. Legal News, October 3, 1869 to date: A weekly paper devoted to legal interests. Myra Bradwell was the founder and was editor at the beginning, and for twenty-five years. She was succeeded by J. B. Bradwell in 1894, and the Chicago Legal News Com- pany were publishers. For several years J. B. Bradwell and B. B. Helmer were editors. Since the death of J. B. Bradwell in November, 1907, B. Bradwell Helmer has been the editor. The Chicago Legal News Company are stUl publishers. HCSUN Lite Boat, 1869 to date (1871) : Edited and published in 1871 by E. C. Eggleston and John W. Dean. Little Folks, 1869-187 7: This was advertised as a monthly of "illustrated juvenUe literature," and was one of several that sprang up in imitation of the Little Corporal. The Adams, Blackmer, and Lyon Publishing Company were publishers. LuTHERiscHE ELiRCHENFREDND, 1869 to date (1881) : A German Lutheran publication. It changed from a semi-monthly to a monthly between 1879 and 1881. Rev. J. D. Severinghaus was editor and publisher in 1876. In 1877 and 1880 Rev. J. D. Severinghaus was editor; Severinghaus and Company were publishers. Macedonian and Record, i869(?) to date (187 1): A monthly, published by the American Baptist Missionary Union and Home Mission Society. Matrimonial Bazar, 1869 to date (1876): Monthly. B. H. Bur- tin and Company were editors and publishers, 1875-1876. Matrimonial News and Special Advertiser, i869(?) to date (1879) : This paper is listed in the directory for 1873 as Matri- monial News, a bi-weekly publication, with the Matrimonial News Company as editors and publishers. It is mentioned in 1877 as "the only paper of its kind in America." It was a monthly advertising sheet in 1879. C. G. Horton was then editor and C. G. Horton and Company were publishers. D Medical Times, January, 1869 to date (1907) : "A monthly journal devoted to the interests of eclectic medicine and surgery." 98 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS The editors and publishers are as follows: John Forman, M.D., and R. A. Gunn, M.D., editors, and John Gunn, publisher, 1870; R. A. Gunn, M.D., and John E. Hurlbut, M.D., editors and, publishers, 1871 ; H. D. Garrison, M.D., editor and publisher, 1872; Anson L. Clark, M.D., and H. D. Garrison, M.D., editors, and H. D. Garrison, M.D., publisher, 1874-1875; Anson L. Clark and H.D. Garrison, editors and publishers, 1875- 1877; W. H. Davis, M.D., editor and publisher, 1879; W. H. Davis and Anson L. Clark, editors, and W. H. Davis, publisher, 1880; Wilson H. Davis, editor and publisher, 1881-1884; An- son L. Clark and Henry S. Tucker, editors, Henry S. Tucker publisher, 1885; Finley EUingvsrood, M.D., was editor and publisher in 1907. J Missionary Advocate, i869(?) to date (1870): Semi-monthly in 1870. Monitor, 1869 to date (1870) : Monthly. Louis, Lloyd, and Com- pany were editors and publishers in 1870. Not the paper now issued weekly under the same name. National Baptist, i869(?) to date (1871) : The American Baptist Publishing Society were publishers, 1869-1871. PoKROK, i869(?) (?): A Bohemian monthly paper. Railroad and Merchants' Journal, (?) to date (1869): Monthly. Listed in 1869, with no report. Spectator, i869(?) to date (1880): "An American review of in- surance," owned and published by J. H. and C. M. Goodrell, 1870-1873. Samuel Elliott was manager in 1874; Charles N. Bishop, 1878-1879; and William F. Fox, 1880. Spiritual Rostrum, ( ?) to date (1869) : Listed with no report. Sun, 1869 to date: Under this general name H. L. Goodall, and later the Drovers' Journal Publishing Company issued a group and a series of daily papers for the South Side and the Stock Yards. The same paper, or contemporaneous issues, was variously uttered as: Hyde Park Daily Sun, Lake Sun, Lake Daily Sun, Lake View Sun, Union Stock Yards Daily Sun, Dol- lar Weekly Sun, 1875, Dollar Sun, 1876-1877, Cicero Sun, 1876- 1877, Maine Sun, 1877, Thornton Sun, 1877, Calumet Sun, 1876- 1877, Cook County Sun, 1869-1877, Jefferson Sun, 1876-1877, and finally South Side Daily Sun. H. L. Goodall was editor and publisher until 1872, when H. P. Goodall became associated with H. L. Goodall in the editorial work. In 1874 J. Mahoney was named as publisher. In 1878 H. L. Goodall and Company were publishing Drovers' Journal, Lake Daily Sun, and Hyde Park Daily Sun. The present successor to them all, except CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 99 Drovers' Journal, is South Side Daily Sun, which was edited by H. L. Goodall until his death in March, 1900, after which time it was edited by E. F. Goodall, and published by Drovers' Journal Publishing Company until about May, 1909, when the Sun was sold to F. D. Hanna. Republican. H Teachers' Golden Hour, 1869 to date (1871): Issued monthly. Tomlinson Brothers were editors and publishers, 1870-1871. Temperance Standard, (?) to date (1869): Listed in 1869, with no report. West Chicago Banner, 1869 to date (1881) : A paper devoted to local interests. Probably the same paper as Banner, listed above. Western Monthly, January, 1869-December, 1870+ : Estab- lished by H. V. Reed. It was "intended to be purely an insti- tution of the West ..." and was expected to "explore the fields of literature and gather the ripe fruits of . . . pioneer talent." After a few months Francis Fisher Browne purchased an interest and joined Mr. Reed in conducting the magazine. Upon Mr. Reed's withdrawal after a time, Mr. Browne became sole director. Under his direction the tone of the magazine be- came more purely literary than it had been, and the narrow, provincial title, "Western Monthly," was exchanged for one which, without losing the flavor of locality, would "connote a wide interest in the esthetic," — the Lakeside Monthly. HS Lakeside Monthly, -f January, 1871-February, 1874: With in- creased influence and reputation under its new name, which replaced that of Western Monthly, and under the skilful editorial direction of Francis Fisher Browne, the magazine became the nucleus of a large printing and publishing house. This was the Lakeside Publishing and Printing Company, successor to the magazine company that had issued the Western Monthly, and of the printing firm of Church, Goodman, and Donnelley. The success of the Lakeside, which retained a decidedly western character, did much to destroy the indifference that eastern pub- lishers had shown toward western subjects and western literary activity, an indifference that nettled Illinois and western literary editors from James Hall down. " With the advent of the Lake- side," says Mr. Fleming, "Scribner's Monthly, the forerunner of the present Century, hega.n to give attention to western subjects, and to seek the work of western writers. During the years of the Lakeside's growth other eastern publishers began to glean in Mid- West fields, and the competition among them for the virile western productions, which has since become so keen, was fairly on by the time the magazine had reached the zenith of its o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS career." Mr. Browne, sole proprietor and editor, broke down in the spring of 1874, and the magazine suspended publication with the February number. SCH Westf.rn Sunday Review, 1869 to date (1870) : A literary paper. George R. Norton was editor and publisher in 1870. Young Reaper, i869(?) to date (1870): Published semi-monthly by the American Baptist Publishing Society. Zeichen der Zeit, 1869 (?). C Agerdyrkning and Oeconomie, i87o(?) to date (187 1) : Scandi- navian. Barthene and Rene are given as publishers in the Chicago city directories for 1870 and 1871. American Cabinet Maker, Upholsterer and Carpet Reporter, 1870 to date (1881) ; A trade paper, published in Boston, with branch ofEces in Chicago, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, and New York. J. Henrj- Symonds was editor and publisher in 1876, and in 1880. L'Ami^rique, i87o(?) (?) : A French semi-weekly publication. In 1870, Gueroult and Pinta were publishers. Art Review, April, 1870 to date (1872): Monthly. Devoted to art, music, and literature. E. H. Trafton was editor and pub- lisher until May, 1871, when J. J. Ormand bought the publi- cation and became publisher. Trafton continued as editor. Arts, 1870 to date (1874): Monthly. Published and edited by Joseph M. Hirsh and Company. Bench and Bar, i87o-i874(?): A monthly legal publication, edited by James A. L. Whittier; published by Callaghan and Company. File in library of Chicago Law Institute. Board of Trade Report, i87o(?) (?): Published by Joel Henry WeUs. Christian Freeman, 1867 to date (1871): A Free-will Baptist paper. F. W. Dunn was editor and A. H. Chase publisher in 1869. The Christian Freeman Association were editors and publishers in 1871. Collector, i87o(?) (?): Morse, Hanna, and Company were publishers in 1870. Commerclal Reporter, 1870 to date (1871) : A commercial weekly. The editors and publishers in 1871 were T. G. Wilcox and Com- pany. Dagslyset, i87o(?) to date (1874): Organ of the Scandinavian Freethinkers' Society. Marc Thrane was editor and proprietor. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY loi Sunday Democrat, June 5- July 3, 1870: A short-lived publication edited and published by George W. Rust. It was established with the idea of beginning a daily as soon as its peculiar ideas had made a place for themselves. The paper was a reactionary against all of the ideals and results for which the North fought, and which it accomplished in the Civil War. H Detector, i87o(?) to date (1871): Burrows and Lunt were pro- prietors in 187c; Lunt, Tisher, and Company, publishers in 1871. Deutsche Arbeiter, 1870: A short-lived German Union paper published by the German Central Union of the Workingmen. Dispatch, i 87o( ?) : Mentioned only in the directory for 1 870-1 871. Culver, Harris, and Wilson were publishers. Dry Goods Price List, i87o-i88o(?) : A commercial paper estab- lished by August C. Schooley and edited and published by him until 1879, after which date he was succeeded by J. C. W. Bailey. Examiner, 1870 to date (1871): An evangelical monthly. It was edited in 1871 by Rev. Edward C. Towne; published by the Western News Company. Family Circle, 1870-18714- : A semi-monthly magazine of family life. C. H. Gushing was editor and publisher in 1870. In 1871 C. G. G. Paine, A.M., was editor, C. H. Cushing, publisher. The paper was merged, 1871, with Bright Side. Golden Hours, i87o(?) to date (1873): Monthly. J.W.Wiley was editor in 1870. Hitchcock and Walden were publishers, 1872-1873. Herald, 1870-May i, 18774-: An insurance monthly. Powell and Steele were editors and publishers in 1871 ; George I. Yea- ger, 1872-1873; Yeager and S. H. Davis, 1874; George I. Yeager, 1875; Yeager and Ormsbee, 1876; Charles E. Rollins, 1877. Ini 87 2 the Herald was both weekly and monthly. Name was changed to W Argus, H-May i, 1877 to date: An insurance monthly, formerly the Herald. Charles E. Rollins was editor and publisher until December, 1877, then editor and manager to 1886, and man- ager to October, 1908. Since December, 1877, the RoUins Pub- lishing Company have been publishers. Since 1886 the editors have been: J. H. Kellogg, 1887; Charles A. Hewitt, 1888-1891 ; F. C. Oviatt, 1892-1895; A. H. Huling, 1896-1899; C. F. How- ell, 1900; P. J. V. McKian, 1901-1904; T. W. Dealy, 1905- 1908; P. J. V. McKian, the present editor, 1909. HC Home Journal, 1870 to date (1871) : A monthly, devoted to liter- ature. J. H. Bascom was editor and publisher. 2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Illinois Volks-Zeitung, i87o(?) to date (1872): A German paper, published daily and weekly by the German Printing Company. This company were editors and publishers, 1870- 1872. Interior, 1870 to date: A Presbyterian weekly. Established by Hon. R. B. Mason, with Rev. Arthur Swazey, D.D., and Rev. C. Van Stantvoord, D.D., as editors. W. S. Mills was publisher. In 1871 William C. Gray became publisher, with- out a change of editors, and the paper was published for one year at Cincinnati. In 1872 Rev. Arthur Swazey and W. C. Gra) were editors and publishers. The next year, Dwight and Trow- ling were editors and publishers. They sold to Cyrus H. Mc- Cormick, who began publishing the paper in 1873, and continued it until 1883, when he sold a half interest to Mr. Gray. The editors were: W. C. Gray and Francis L. Patton, 1874; Francis L. Patton and Charles L. Thompson, 1875 ; W. C. Gray and Charles L. Thompson, 1876; W. C. Gray, i877-i886(?). In 1907 McCormick and Company were publishers. HAE Landwirth und Hausfreund, T870 to date (1871) : A German paper, devoted to agriculture. Carl Kron was editor; J. A. Jensch, publisher. Leedle Vandeeer, 1870 to date (1876?) : A comic monthly, edited and published by C. F. Harris. "Carl Pretzel." "No. i Book" for the year i876(?) is in the library of the Chicago Historical Society . H Little Corporal's School Festival, January, 1870 to date (1873) : A quarterly magazine devoted to furnishing material for school festivals, entertainments, dialogues, recitations, etc. Listed also as School Festival. Edited and published by Alfred L. Sewell in 1870; Sewell and Miller, 1871; Alfred L. Sewell and Company, 1872-1873. H Little Watchman, 1870 to date (1872) : L. H. Dowling was editor; W. W. Dowling, publisher, 1871-1872. The paper was semi- monthly in 1 87 1, weekly and monthly in 1872. Chicago Magazine of Fashion, Music, and Home Reading, 1870 to date (1876) ; Monthly. It was the first of several Chicago periodicals designed to couple an interest in esthetic writing with the esthetic interest in dress. The magazine was created by a group of fashionable women. Mrs. M. L. Rayne was editor and proprietor for the first four years. After that the editors, publishers and proprietors to 1876 are given as Mrs. M. L. Rayne and Company. The name of Mrs. C. H. Church appears as an editor in 1875. H CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 103 Evening Mail, August 18, 1870-1873+: Daily except Sundays. The Chicago Evening Mail Company were editors and pub- lishers. Late in 1873 the Mail was united with the Evening Post to form the Post and Mail. The first appearance of the paper under the new name was in January, 1874. (See Post.) Methodist Quarterly Review, i87o(?) (?): Edited by D. D. Whedon. MissiONAREN, 1870 to date (1873): A Swedish monthly, edited by E. Norelius in 1871. Rev. J. P. Nyquist was editor, and the Swedish Lutheran Publishing Society were publishers in 1872. In 1873, Rev. J. P. Nyquist was editor and publisher. MissiONAREN, 1870-1877+: Published by the Norwegian and Danish Methodists. The editors were: Rev. A. Haagensen, Rev. J. H. Johnson, and Rev. K. Schon. In 1877 the name of the paper became Kristelige Talsmand, + 1877 to date : A successor to the Mission- dren, published by the Norwegian and Danish Methodists. Under the new name the editors have been: Rev. Christian Treider, 1876-1880; Rev. A. Haagensen, 1880-1884; Christian Treider, 1884-1891 ; A. Haagensen, 1891-1897 ; C. F. Eltzholtz, 1897-1905; H. P. Bergh, 1905 to date. Kristelige Talsmand and Hyrdestemmen are the official organs of the Norwegian- Danish Methodist Episcopal Church. Files are available at 272 Grand avenue, Chicago. National Live Stock Journai,, September 18, 1870 to date (1888?): A monthly devoted to live stock interests. John P. Reynolds was editor and George W. Rust and Company were publishers, 1 871-187 2. George W. Rust and Company were editors and publishers, 1873-1875. J. H. Sanders was editor till 1882, and the Stock Journal Company were publishers, 1876- . A weekly edition in addition to the monthlj was begun January,i88s. WJUH Observer, i87o(?) (?) : A monthly, devoted to banking, in- surance, and railway interests. J. Clement was publisher and proprietor in 1870. Our Folks at Home, 1870 (?): A monthly literary paper. Fred D. Carson was editor and publisher. Press, October, 1870-October 1871-f-: Quarterly. Horton and Leonard were editors and publishers until the fire of October, 1 87 1. The Press was then suspended. It was succeeded in 1872 by Illustrated Journal (q.v.) and that paper, then a monthly, apparently was in 1874 renamed Illustrated Press. It was then published by Horton and Landon. H I04 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Illustrated Journal, +November, 1872-1874+ : Bi-monthly. Knight and Leonard were editors and publishers in 1872 ; Hor- ton and Leonard in 1873. The following year the American Publishing Company were publishers, and Thomas G. New- man was business manager. The Illustrated Journal was a revival of the Press, burned out in the fire of October, 1871, and was sent to fill out terms of such subscribers to the Press as gave their names and the unexpired subscription terms. It was apparently succeeded by Illustrated Press (redivivus), at some time after 1874. Not mentioned after 1876. H Publishers' Auxiliary, 1870 (?) to date (1873): Issued weekly. A. N. Kellogg was publisher, 1870-1873. The Ray, October, i87o-(after 1872): Monthly. Published in the interest of the Union Park Baptist Church, and distributed gratuitously. H Schoolmaster, +July, 1870-June, 1871-I-: Monthly. .Estab- lished at Bloomington by John Hull in 1868. Removed to Chi- cago with the number for July, 1870. John HuU was publisher, Hull and Albert Stetson of Illinois Normal University were editors. When the place of publication was changed Albert Stetson and I. S. Baker became editors. Chicago influence seems to have grown, and at the beginning of 187 1 the name was changed to Chicago Schoolmaster, with I. S. Baker as editor, and the Schoolmaster Company publishers, Chicago and Normal. John Hull and Company were still publishers, however. Aaron Gove succeeded Baker as editor with the number for June, 1871, the Schoolmaster Company (Aaron Gove and E. C. Hewitt) became publishers, and Chicago and Normal appeared on the cover, though Normal was the place of publication. February, 1873, Chicago Schoolmaster and Illinois Teacher were merged as Illinois Schoolmaster, and continued by Gove and Hewett at Normal. H Smax Money Maker's Journal, 1870: An advertising sheet. R. W. Chappell was editor and publisher. Sunday School Helper, 1870 to date (1872) : A Universalist paper, published monthly. S. A. Briggs was editor, and the North- western Universafist Publishing House were publishers, 1870- 1872. Sunday School World, i87o(?) (?): A monthly, published by the American Sunday School Union. Union Park Advocate, 1870 to date (1877) : A weekly local adver- tising sheet. C. E. Crandall was editor and publisher, 1875- 1877. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 105 Union Park Banner, 1870 to date (1880) : An advertising sheet published at West Chicago by E. M. Turner and Company. D. S. Crandall was proprietor in 1876, and Turner and Lloyd owned the paper in 1880. H West Chicago, 1870 to date (1875) : Weekly. The West Chicago Company were editors and publishers in 1875. West End Advocate, 1870 to date (1881): A weekly, devoted to local interests, especially to the business of West Division. Charles E. Crandall was editor and publisher, 1878-1880. It was dated for West Chicago in 1878. H Westliche Odd Fellow, 1870, to date (1871): A German monthly devoted to I. O. O. F. J. B. Wing and Company were editors and publishers, 1 870-1 871. World Magazine, i 870-1 893: An illustrated magazine devoted to society and drama, containing stories, sketches, poems, and Jiumorous articles. The Chicago World Publishing Company, or World Society, were publishers in 1 883-1 884. This paper is listed in Rowell, 1884-1885. H Young Folks' Monthly, 1870 to date (1883) : An Dlustrated juve- nile literary paper containing matter "best calculated to amuse and instruct the young." H. N. F. Lewis was editor and pub- lisher in 1875-1876. In 1876 Gerrit L. Hoodless was proprietor. Mrs. Annie R. White was editor, and Milton George, publisher, 1878-1880. C Young Folks' Rural, 1870 to date (1881): A juvenile literary paper, issued monthly. H. N. F. Lewis was editor and pub- lisher, 1871-1878. J. D. Tallmadge was editor and publisher, 1879-1880. HC Young Pilot, 1870 to date (1871): Monthly. The Young Pilot Publishing Company were editors and publishers in 1871. Franklin H. Tinker was associated with the paper at this time. Advertiser's Assistant, 1871 to date (1872): Monthly. Cook, Cobum, and Company, editors and publishers. Amateur Monthly, July, 1871-February, 1872 -1-: An amateur paper, established by Charles C. Hoyt and Will E. Gard. The name was changed February, 1872, to Our Youth, -I- February, 1872 ( ?) : An amateur paper, a con- tinuation of Amateur Monthly, issued by Charles C. Hoyt and Will E. Gard. Americanischer Farmer, i 871 to date (1874) : A German weekly. Julius Silversmith was editor; the Cosmopolitan Publishing Company were publishers. Listed in 1874 as Amerik Farmer. io6 ILLINOIS raSTORICAL COLLECTIONS Baptist Union, 1871 to date (1875) : A Baptist paper. In 1871, Rev. G. H. Ball, D.D., and Rev. J. B. Drew, D.D., were editors; the Baptist Printing Union, publishers. In 1872, Rev. Dr. Drew was succeeded by Rev. S. W. Whitney. The same editors and publishers continued until 1874, when E. W. Page became pub- lisher. In 1875 Dr. Ball alone was editor; Mr. Page was still publisher. The paper was dated at New York and Chicago. Child's Paper, 1871: Burned out in the Chicago fire and not revived. Child's World, 1871: A juvenile publication which soon dis- appeared. Commercial Enterprise, 1871 to date (1875) : A commercial weekly. It was published in 1875 by the Commercial Enterprise Publishing Company. Cosmopolite, i87i(?) to date (1873): Mentioned only in the directory for 1873. J. Silversmith was editor and manager. The paper was burned out in the great fire, but later revived. Daheim, 1 87 1 (1870?) to date: German. The Sunday edition of the Freie Presse (q.v.). In 1876 R. Michaelis was editor; the German American Publishing Company were publishers. Daheim was still published as the Sunday edition of the Freie Presse in 1899. By 1907, however, it was published with the Westen as the Sunday edition of the Illinois Staais-Zeitung, under the title of Westen und Daheim. Both the Daheim and the Westen und Daheim have been Republican in politics. U Democrat, 1871 to date (1881) : In 1871 H. S. Knapp was editor; in 1872 J. A. Daniels was editor, the Democrat Company were publishers; in 1876, Mr. Daniels was editor, and Daniels and Company were publishers; in 1880, Mr. Daniels was both editor and publisher. HU Dry Goods Reporter, 1871 to date: A commercial paper devoted to dry goods and allied lines. C. W. Spofford was editor in 1907 and is now editor-in-chief, and president and treas- urer of the corporation. Frank McElwain is managing editor. The Dry Goods Reporter Company were given as publishers in 1907. Financiee, 1871 to date (1874) : A weekly, devoted to finance. Published in New York in 1873, by the Financier Company, and dated for New York and Chicago. Published in 1874 by W. H. Boardman. Foundlings' Record, 1871-1876+ : A monthly, published in the interests of the Chicago Foundlings' Home. Edited by George E. Shipman. It was changed to C CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 107 Faith's Record, + i 876-1 884(?): and continued publication as before. HC Freie Presse, July, 1 871-1874+ : Established as a political weekly by Richard Michaelis. In 1872 a daily edition was begun, "Liberal Republican" in politics, which supported Greeley. After Greeley's defeat it became straight Republican and has so remained. For a time in 1873 H. Bender was associated as editor, but otherwise Michaelis was editor alone from its begin- ning. It was published by the Freie Presse Printing Company. The paper has had several minor changes of name. In 1874 it was changed to N Chicagoer Freie Presse, +1874+ : and in December of the same year to Chicagoer Neue Freie Presse, + December, 1 874-1 883+: R. Michaelis continued as editor. The German American Publishing Company were publishers in 1876, and until April, 1901, when Freie Presse was sold to the Illinois Publishing Company. Richard Michaelis became half owner and general manager. In August, 1905, he sold his holding to his son, Walter R. Michaelis, who was elected general manager, and Horace L. Brand, who was made secretary and treasurer. W. R. Michaelis and H. R. Brand are present sole owners of the paper. The Freie Presse started as a daily, with a Sunday edition, Daheim (which see). After 1871 the paper was published daily, weekly, and Sundays. The weekly Freie Presse in 1907 issued an edition for country circulation called Sonntagshote. At some time between 1899 and 1907 Daheim ceased to be the Sunday edition of the Freie Presse, and with Westen, became that of the Illinois Staats-Zeitung. NUC Happy Hours, 1871 (?): A literary paper; M. A. Fuller was editor and publisher. Heavenly Tidings, i87i(?)-i872(?): An organ of the Y. M. C. A., which was its publishers. Independent Trade Register, i87i(?) : Lunt, Tisher, and Com- pany were publishers. Justitia, March-October, 1871 : Swedish. Isidor Kjellberg was editor and publisher. Ledger, i87i(?) : Basset Brothers were publishers. Little Men, i87i(?)-i872+ : An amateur paper, consolidated with Our Boys about 1872. r.ORGNETTE, 1 87 1 ( ?) : "The official amusement organ of Crosby Opera House, Aiken's Museum, Globe Theatre and Farwell Hall." H io8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Mercantile Journal and Weekly Price Current, April 13, 1 87 1 ( ?) : A paper owned and published by Jefferson and Wroe in 1871. Mother's Journal, (?) to date (1871): A monthly "de- voted to the advancement of science, literature, morality and religion." Mrs. Mary G. Clarke was editor; J. N. Clarke, publisher. H Chicago National, 1871 to date (1874) : A monthly devoted primarily to insurance interests. In 1874 it was listed as a liter- ary magazine. The National Life Insurance Company were the original editors and publishers. In 1873 John H. Holmes was editor. W. C. Cockson was editor in 1874, and H. G. Teed was business manager. It appears to have been weekly for a time in 1874. National Car Builder, 1870-1881+: A monthly devoted to mechanics. It was dated from New York and Chicago. In 1876 James GUlett was editor and Vose Dinsmore and Com- pany were publishers. James GUlett was editor also in 1879, but the publishing firm was Gillett and Dinsmore. After 1881, the paper was dated from New York only. Later became National Car and Locomotive Builder, and in 1896 was merged in the American Engineer and Railroad Journal. Newspaper Union, 1871 to date (1878) : A sheet published by The Chicago Newspaper Union, 1871-1875. It was listed as a co-operative advertising sheet. C. E. Strong was manager in 1873. In 1876 Andrew J. Aiken was president and C. E. Strong manager. S. H. Williams wa.- editor in 1877. Nya Verlden, -I- January, 1871-1876-I- : Moved to Chicago from Galva, where it had been established in January, 1869, as Illinois Swede by Eric Johnson, son of the founder of Bishop Hill colony. It was printed in Swedish and English. Andrew Chaiser and C. F. Peterson became partners, and the name was changed to Nya Verlden, published only in Swedish. In Chicago P. A. Sunde- lius became co-editor with Peterson; Johnson soon sold his in- terest to Chaiser. After the fire the paper was published in Galesburg until March, 1872. Herman Roos became associate editor with Peterson in 1873. In 1876 the paper was turned over to the Swedish Publishing Company, which combined Svenska Americanaren with Nya Verlden and began Svenska Tribunen. ' V Our Boys, i87i(?) to date (1873): An amateur paper established by Charles S. Diehl and Fred K. Morrill. This paper was CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 109 burned out in the fire, but was revived. It absorbed Little Men about 1872. In that year C. C. Hoyt was editor; Diehl and Fowler were publishers in 1873. People's Weekly, i 871-1883: An illustrated paper published by Rand, McNally, and Company. Phenix, 1 87 1 to date: A weekly newspaper devoted to local in- terests. M. A. Fuller was editor and publisher in 1872. In igo7 Frank E. Stanley was editor and publisher. He died in October, 1908, and publication was suspended until March, 1909, when the paper was bought by the Phenix Publishing Company, E. J. Harvey, president. In Ayer for 1908 the date of founding had receded to 1869. Republican. Restitution, +1871 to date (1874): Thomas Wilson was editor and publisher in 1871. In 1873-1874 Thomas Wilson was editor, and Wilson, Pierce, and Company were publishers. It was knovsm as the organ of Servants of Jesus Christ in 1872, and as the organ of Marturions in 1873. This was evidently a continuation or a successor of Herald of the Coming Kingdom and Christian Instructor. Sunday School Mirror, 1871-1904: Edited and published by Rev. Andrew L. O'Neill from 1872 to 1901, on the second and fourth Sundays of each month ; on the alternate Sundays it was called Sunday School Companion. Tailor's Intelligencer, 1871 to date (1874): Issued monthly. Salisbury Brothers and Company were editors and publishers in 1873. Wilber S. Salisbury was proprietor in 1874. Ungdoms Vannen, i87i(?) to date (1881): Given in 1881 as a Scandinavian literary paper, published semi-monthly. A monthly of this name was published by the Hemlandet people from 1871 to 1881. It was devoted to the interests of young people. Young Hero, i87i(?)-i872-f : An amateur paper, consolidated with Our Youth about 1872. It had been burned out in the great fire, but apparently revived. Young Messenger, January, i87i-i872( ?)-!-: Issued monthly. Walter T. Dwight was editor and publisher in 1871. It was consolidated with the Wolverine Messenger of Detroit, Michigan, about 1872. Youth's Cabinet, i87i(?) to date (1872): An amateur monthly "devoted entirely to the interests of the American boy and girl." It was being edited in 1872 by John L. Whelan, and published by Whelan Brothers. In had been burned out in 1871, but was apparently revived. 3 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Balance, 1872 to date (1877) : A monthly, devoted to woman suf- rage. Maria Hawley and Mary Tomlin were editors and pub- lishers, 1872-1875. In 1876 the editors and publishers were Maria Hawley, Odelia Blinn, and Laura M. Hubbard. Bell, 1872 to date (1875) : A Baptist monthly. In 1875 it was edited by the Young People's Association of the Western Avenue Baptist Church; published by Guilbert and Clissold, then by H. R. Clissold. Bridal Bells, 1872 to date (1877): Semi-monthly. Edited and published in 1877 by Eugene T. Gilbert. Carl Pretzel's Magazine Pook, 187 2-1 874: A comic weekly) written in German- English lingo, dealing with matters of local interest. Mr. C. H. Harris, the editor and publisher, discon- tinued it in 1874 to establish the more ambitious National Weekly. Child's Friend, 1872 to date (1873) : Juvenile. Monthly in 1872' semi-monthly in 1873. Edited by C. G. G. Paine, published by the Bright Side Publishing Company. Diocese, March, 1872 to date (1874) : A religious monthly. In 1873 Rev. John Wilkinson was editor, and George H. Marsland was publisher. Rev. J. F. Walker was editor in 1874; Bryant and Walker were publishers. Grocery and Drug Price List, i872(?) to date (1879) : A weekly commercial paper. A. C. Schooley was proprietor, 1872-1879. Humane Journal, May, 1872 to date: A monthly, devoted to "humane" propaganda. Albert W. Landon was editor and publisher, 1872-1874. E. M. Fuller and Albert W. Landon were publishers, 1875-1879. Upon the death of Mr. Landon in 1879, his widow, Martha J. Landon, became editor and pub- lisher. In October, 1907, she sold the journal to Virginia M. Arford, who is now the editor, with Miss Vera K. Arford as assistant editor. The journal is printed by the Humane Journal Publishing Company of which F. Arford is the manager. H Inter Ocean, March 25, 1872 to date: Established as a daily and weekly by J. Young Scammon as the successor of the Republican (established in 1865 and burned out in the fire of 1871). The weekly edition was begun in 1884. E. W. Halford was its first editor and William Penn Nixon its first business manager. In 1873 Frank W. Palmer, Congressman from Iowa, purchased an interest and became editor. After the panic of 1875 the Inter Ocean Company was succeeded by the Inter Ocean Publishing Company, with William Penn Nixon and Dr. O. W. Nixon as CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY iii controlling stockholders, the former becoming editor and pub- lisher. Managing editors of note in succession were Gilbert A. Pierce, William E. Curtis, and W. H. Busbey. In 1891H. H. Kohlsaat bought an interest and became publisher and busi- ness manager. In 1894 the Nixons repurchased Mr. Kohlsaat's interest. In 1897 Charles T. Yerkes purchased a controlling interest and George Wheeler Hinman became editor, Mr. Nixon continuing as publisher. In 1907 Mr. Hmman bought the con- trolling interest in the Inter Ocean and became editor and publisher. Republican— "the only Republican newspaper in Chicago." WDNAUCHE Kneip Zange, 1872 to date (1873): A German paper of which Miller and Wagner were editors and publishers in 1873. Ladies' Friend and Shopping Guide, i872(?) to date (1875): Vol. I, no. I, of a new series is dated January i, 1872, and en- titled Densmore's Lady's Friend. The title Ladies' Friend and Shopping Guide apparently belonged to the old series. The newspaper directories for 1873-1875 give the paper as Lady's Friend. It appears to have been weekly in 1872, monthly, 1873-1875. In 1872 J. A. Densmore was editor, J. A. Densmore and Company were publishers, and Laura M. Hubbard was "fashion editress". The paper contained a literary department especially for ladies, essays on education, household management, art, music, etc. "It shall be our aim to influence for good the fair readers . and through them their husbands, fathers, sons and brothers." In 1873 and 1874 J. A. Densmore was editor and publisher. The Lady's Friend Publishing Company were editors and publishers in 1875. H Daily Law Bulletin, June 4, i872-i9oo(?). H Ledger, 1872 to date: A literary and family magazine, published weekly. Although the "Ledger Company" is the name given to the firm of editors and publishers, Samuel H. Williams was really the editor for almost twenty years. W. Scott McComas was associated with him in 1880. In 1891 W. D. Boyce acquired the Chicago Ledger, and the W. D. Boyce Company have been editors and publishers to date. Begun in connection with a news- paper plate supply business and in imitation of the New York Ledger, in the first few years it made a feature of stories of a good class. Since the late seventies, however, it has deteriorated in literary tone. The sensational, although not immoral, character of the Ledger stories, and the use that the large mail-order houses have made of its advertising columns, have given this paper an unusually long life and extensive circulation. 2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Lens, 1872-1873: A quarterly journal of microscopy. Contains the transactions of the State Microscopical Society of Illinois. Edited by S. A. Briggs. JCHU Chicago Librarian, November, 1872-August, i873(?): Monthly, devoted to the library interests of the city. Especial attention vras paid the public library then being reorganized and replen- ished; a monthly list of all new books received by the library was printed. In the first number was given a catalog of the "more prominent books" in the library of 1200 volumes at that time received. Perry, Morris, and Sultzer published the first number; J. W. Dean and Company the second; W. E. Day and Company the others. CH Literary Youth, (?)-i872(?)+ : An amateur publication continued as Golden Moments, +i872(?) (?): Monthly. An amateur paper, edited by Edward Everett Woodbury. Locomotive, i872(?) (?): An amateur monthly, edited and published by I. H. Preston in 1872. Medical Register, 1872 to date (1885) . National Hotel Reporter, 1872 to date: A commercial paper published daily except Sunday. Frank Glossop and Company were editors and publishers in 1873 ; Frank Glossop was editor and publisher in 1874-1875. Scott and Rice were editors and publishers in 1876-80. F. W. Rice was editor and publisher in 1907. It was listed as Daily Hotel Reporter, 1872-1873. Daily News, March 7, 1872 — ( ?) : A daily and weekly Demo- cratic paper, of which H. R. Whipple was business manager. It was apparently short lived, as no reference is made to it in the city directory or the newspaper directories for the next year. It was published by the Chicago News Printing Company W Our Fireside Friend, January 27, 1872, to date (1875) : A weekly literary magazine of the "family story" type. Waters, Evert, and Company were editors and publishers, 1873-1875; A. P. Miller was publisher in 1875. A Our Flag, i872( ?) ( ?) : An amateur monthly paper, published by El well and Go well. Outlook, 1872 to date (1873): A monthly literary publication. Selden Gibert was publisher and proprietor in 1873. Pictorlal Advertiser, i872(?) to date (1877): This paper was owned by the Pictorial Advertiser Company, 1872-1873, and published by the Pictorial Printing Company in 1874. John McGreer was editor in 1877. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 113 Chicago Pulpit, i872-i873(?) : A weekly publication of the ablest sermons by leading Chicago ministers. There were also in- cluded departments of church news, book notes, and comments on church affairs. The tone was strictly undenominational and uncontroversial. Sermons of especial value, but of a denomina- tional or controvesial sort, were issued as extra numbers. Carpenter and Sheldon were publishers and proprietors. SH Raileoad Monthly, 1872 to date (1873) : Story and Camp were editors and publishers in 1873. Record, 1872 to date (1879) : Monthly. H. V. Reed and C. Gard- ner were publishers, 1872-1873. In 1879 J. M. J. GiUespie was editor and proprietor. Religio Politico Party, i872(?) to date (1873) : Mrs. A. Buffum was editor, 1872-1873. Chicago Teacher, 1872 to date (1875): Issued monthly. Baker and Mahony were editors and publishers in 1873; Jeremiah Mahony, 1874; John W. Brown, 1875. H VoLANTE, January i, 1872 to date (1881): A monthly collegiate publication. The students of the University of Chicago were editors and publishers. H Watchmakers' Magazine, November, 1872 to date (1873) : Monthly. Edited by E. R. P. Shurley and published by the Horological Association. H What Next, 1872 to date (1874) : A monthly. John B. Alden was editor and publisher, 1873-1874. Young America, i872(?) (?): Amateur. Young Chicago, i 872(7) (?): An amateur monthly. It was being published in 1872 by Dicker and McLachlan. Young Industry, i872( ?) ( ?) : An amateur monthly. It was being published in 1872 by H. E. Greenbaum. Youth's Reporter, i872(?) (?): An amateur monthly. It was being published in 1872 by E. E. Russell. Advocate, 1873 to date (1877) : An insurance monthly. The Pro- tection Life Insurance Company were publishers in 1874 and 1875. In 1876 and 1877 Martin Ryan was editor and publisher. Agents' Guide, 1873 to date (1880) : Monthly. James P. Scott was editor and publisher, 1875-1880. Chicago Alliance, December 13, 1873-March, 1882 -1-: A non- sectarian weekly founded by a group of clergymen including Prof. David Swing, Rev. Robert CoUyer, Dr. Hiram A. Thomas and others. With a slightly religious trend in its material, it was devoted in the main to literature, particularly that of the 114 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS essay form. In its beginning Rev. J. B. McCIure was managing editor; the other editorial work was shared by all. But one by one the editors withdrew, before long leaving Prof. Swing as editor-in-chief and chief contributor. His weekly sermon-essay was the leading literary feature throughout the existence of the paper. In 1874 the Alliance Publishing Company was the name by which the group of editors and publishers was designated. In 1875 this company is named as publishers, while the list of editors given includes Prof. Swing, Rev. C. D. Helmer, H. W. Thomas, D.D., H. N. Powers, D.D., and Prof. William Mathews. H. L. Ensign was the business manager. Professor Swing's name appears as that of editor again in 1876. In 1877 Mr. Mc- CIure disposed of his interest. In the same year Francis F. Browne became literary editor, and A. H. Ruling took charge of the political department. In 1878 Rev. Z. S. Holbrook pur- chased an interest and assisted Professor Swing. Browne and Huling soon retired and Mr. Holbrook sold to Henry L. Shepard, who in 1879 and 1880 was filling the position of editor. Dixon and Shepard are named as publishers in i879,and the Alliance Associa- tion in 1881. The failure of the paper early in 1882 is said to have been due to the unscrupulousness of the business manager. A consolidation with the Western Magazine was effected in March, and the new periodical appeared as the Weekly Magazine (see Western Magazine). The title Chicago Alliance was changed to Alliance in third volume and in the next volume to Alliance and Radical Review. HC American Home Magazine, i873( ?) ( ?) : An illustrated mag- azine mentioned in the city directory for 1873. Charles H. Taylor and Company were proprietors. American Working People, i873(?) (?): R. C. Machesney was editor in 1873. AuGUSTANA OCH MISSION AREN, 1 873 to date: In 1876 this weekly was divided into two fortnightlies, Augustana and Missiondren, but after a year the combined title was resumed. The name became Augustana in 1885. Dr. Hasselquist was the first editor; he was succeeded in 1858 by Eric Norelius, and he by Erland Carlsson, who was editor until 1864; A. R. Cervin, 1864-1868; J. G. Princell, January- July, 1869; Hasselquist and others, 1869-1890; S. P. A. Lindahl, 1890-1908; Dr. L. G. Abraham- son, 1908. Bee Keepers' Magazine, i873(?) to date (1874): A monthly, devoted to bee keeping. H. A. King and Company were editors and publishers in 1873 ^^^ 1874. The paper was dated from New York and Chicago. CHICAGO, COOK COU^^^Y nS Better Age, 1873 to date (1875) : Semi-monthly. Edited and pub- lished in 1875 by John Russell and Charles P. Russell. Bridal Veil, 1873 to date (1876) : Edited and published in 1874 by H. M. Habel, as a semi-monthly. Bi-weekly in 1875, published by the Bridal Veil Company. E Catholic Vindicator, 1873 to date (1877) : Edited by Dr. D. W. Nolan ;_ published by the Catholic News Company. Dated for Chicago and Milwaukee. Christian Union, i873(?) to date (1875) : J. B. Ford and Company were publishers, 1873-1874. S. F. Junkin was manager, 1875. Christian Voice, i873(?) to date (1879) : Fleming H. Revell was publisher in 1873. In 1877 W. W. KeUy and Company are given in the city directory as managers. W. S. Cossar was pro- prietor in 1879. E Chicago Commercial Advertiser, July, 1873-1880: A commer- cial weekly paper. It was edited and published in 1874 by Burch and Ford: in 1875 by Robert B. Ford and company; in 1876 by the Metropolitan Printing Company; and in 1877 and 1878 by Charles S. Burch, in 1878 by Commercial Advertiser Company, and in 1879 again by Burch. Beginning with no. i of vol. 17, July 14, 1881, J. S. Salisbury was editor until July i, 1886. F. W. Palmer then became editor and continued to March 25, 1897. From March, 1880, to September i, 1882, the paper was called Industrial World and Commercial Advertiser. Its name then became Industrial World and Iron Worker. In March, 1898, it was merged with Iron Trade Review as Industrial World and Iron Worker. The Commercial Advertiser Company were publishers in 1880. HJD Cottage Monthly, 1873 (?): A periodical of the "family story" type, devoted to "entertaining literature". Readle, Brewster, and Company were the publishers. Drovers' Journal, June, 1873, to date: Established by Harvey L. Goodall. It is devoted to agricultural and stock interests. It was published especially for the Union Stock Yards, 1875- 1879. H. L. Goodall and Company were editors and publishers from the beginning until the death of Mr. Goodall, March, 1900. Since then his widow, E. F. Goodall, has been president of the stock company which publishes the paper. The Drovers' Journal, begun as a weekly, started also the Chicago Daily Drovers' Journal in 1874. The weekly edition became Goodall' s Parmer and Weekly Drovers' Journal, October, 1900. In No- vember, 1905, the name of the daily was changed to Chicago Daily Drovers' Journal and Farm News. From January to March, ii6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 1906, GoodaU's Farmer was owned by the American Breeder and Feeder. Since that time it has been published weekly under this title by the Drovers' Journal Publishing Company. Since June, 1906, the daily has been the Chicago Daily Farmers' and Drovers' Journal. AE Electrotype Jouenal, 1873 to date (1881) : A quarterly, devoted to typography and advertising. A. Zeese and Company, editors and publishers to date, 1881. Electrotyper, January, 1873 to date (1881) : A quarterly, devoted to typography and advertising. Schniedewend, Lee, and Com- pany were publishers in 1874. From that time up to 1881 the publishing firm was called Schniedewend and Lee. J EuLENSPiEGEL, 1873 to date (1881) : A German comic weekly. It was published by Moritz Langeloth. _ U Excelsior Magazine, 1873 to date (1875) : A literary monthly. In 1875 ^- Garland Walker was editor and publisher. Exposition Pictorial Advertiser, Fall, 1873: An illustrated paper "devoted to the humorous side of the Exposition." Dis- tributed gratuitously. Published by the Pictorial Printing Com- pany in the Exposition building. H Express, i873(?) to date (1880) : A Greenback paper of which 0. J. Smith was editor and publisher. Facklan, (before 1873) : A Swedish paper published for a short time by K. A. Ostergren. Freeman, December, 1873-December, 1874 -f : Edited by W. S. Burke; published by Street, AVhite, and Bowen. It was de- voted to literature and politics. At the end of one year the editor and publishers changed the name to Northwestern Magazine, 4- December, 1874 (?): Devoted to literature, science, art, politics, and religion. Edited by W. S. Burke; published by Street, White, and Bowen. The North- western was to give less attention to politics and more to literature. H Gazeta Polska w Chicago, October, 1873 to date: Established and published weekly to date by Wladyslaw Dyniewicz, sole proprietor. It claims to be the oldest Polish paper in America. It is Independent-Republican. Goldbeck's Journal of Music, 1873 to date (1876) : A monthly publication, devoted to music. It was edited and published in 1874 and 187s by Robert Goldbeck. It is listed in the directory for 1876 with no report. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 117 Grocer's Criterion, 1873 to date. A trade weekly, issued for advertising purposes. R. J. Bennett was editor in 1877. In 1878, and still in 1880, Thomas Althorp was publisher. In 1886 D. O. Lantz and Company were publishers. Eugene J. Hall was publisher in 1890. The Grocer's Criterion Company have been publishers since 1904. Daily Herald, August i6-December 23, 1873: Established as a one-cent evening paper; later became two-cent. Independent. It was to have been succeeded by the Sunday Argus but no evi- dence is found that the Argus was begun. H Illustrated Journal of Agriculture, i873(?)-i874(?): Perry P. Stone was manager. Industrial Age, i873-i878(?): A weekly industrial paper. In its first year it absorbed the People's Paper (q. v.). J. A. Noonan, S. M. Smith, and Charles E. Barney were editors; the Industrial Age Company, publishers, 1874-1875. In 1876 J. A. Noonan, S. M. Smith and "Professor" C. C. Buell were editors. J. A. Noonan and C. C. Buell were editors in 1877. It was listed in the directory for 1879, with no report. The paper of the same name now published was begun in 1896. UW Investigator, 1873-1908+ : An insurance paper, at first weekly, but monthly by 1880. J. S. Bloomington was editor and pub- lisher in 1875, and was still so in 1880. WUliam E. Beer was editor, and Herbert W. Bloomington, publisher, in 1907. In January, 1908, this paper was merged in Insurance Field. Journal of the American Bureau of Mines, 1873 to date (1875) : A monthly mining journal. W. C. McCarty was editor and manager, 1874-1875. Daily Jubilee, June, 1873 : A souvenir of Chicago's gala week, June 5-12, 1873. Lively. H Literary Varieties, March, 1873 (?): Monthly. Edward N. Fuller was editor and publisher. Slight. H Little Bouquet, 1873 to date (1877) : A juvenile monthly, devoted to spiritualism. S. S. Jones was editor; the Religio-PhUosophical Publishing Company were publishers, 1874-187 7. Masonic Record, i873(?) to date (1878): Carson and Barnard were publishers in 1873 ; Carson and Lamberson in 1874 ; C. H. Carson and Company, 1875-1878. Master Mechanic, 1873 to date (1874): A monthly, devoted to mechanics. Evans, Comstock, and Company were editors and publishers in 1874. ini8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS North- Western Lumberman, 1873-1898+ : A weekly paper devoted to lumber interests. William B. Jackson was editor and Judson and Dicey were publishers in 1874. In 1875 Wil- liam B. Jackson and Calvin M. Mudge were editors and judson, Dicey, and Company were publishers. Rufus King was business ma,nager. In 1876 William B. Jackson was editor, and Judson and King were publishers. The Lumberman Publishing Com- pany were editors and publishers, 1877-1880. The tide of the paper became American Lumberman in 1898. January i, 1899, the Timberman, established 1885, was absorbed. In 1907 J. E. Defebaugh was editor; the American Lumberman (Inc.) were publishers. This paper was monthly in 1874, with a semi- monthly bulletin. Since then it has been weekly. WHE Occident, 1873 to date (September, 1895) : A weekly radical reform Jewish journal. It was devoted to general news, politics, liter- ature, science, art, and the interest of the Hebrews of the North- west. Julius Silversmith, M.A., was editor and proprietor, 1873-1895. The Occident Publishing Company were publishers. In 1876 mention is made of the fact that this paper was printed in both English and German. DAH Our Boys' and Girls' Own, 1873 to date (1875) : A monthly publication. J. A. Densmore was editor and publisher in 1875. Listed as Boys and Girls Magazine in 1874. People's Paper, July 26-August 16, 1873 : A grange organ edited by Edward N. Fuller. It was disposed of to J. A. Noonan and merged in Industrial Age. H Portfolio, i873( ?) (?) : A monthly, devoted to literature and the fine arts. Professor Trumbull's Family Record, i873(?): Published by Trumbull and Carver. Scientific Farmer, 1873 to date (1874) : Monthly. Dr. T. A. Bland was editor and Thomas G. Newman publisher in 1874. South Side News, 1873 to date (1874) : Published weekly for Grand Crossing. Vansant and Company were editors and publishers in 1874. Stag Weekly, 1873 : A small two-column eight-page paper, appar- ently issued for gratuitous circulation, by Carpenter and Sheldon. H Student, 1873 to date (1874) : Monthly. M. Wendell was editor, and Wendell and Einstein were publishers in 1874. To-Day, i873(?) (?): A weekly, edited by Dio Lewis. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 119 Turner's Minaret, 1873-1875: A semi-monthly publication of the "family story" type. E. M. Turner and Compaay were editors and publishers in 1873. The paper was listed in 1875 as the Minaret. Vart Nya Hem, 1873 to date (1874) : A Swedish monthly, edited and published by A. Chaiser and Company in 1874. Chicagsky Vestnik, 1873 to date (1881) : Bohemian. A liberal Republican paper, published weekly. Josef Langmayer was editor and publisher in 1874 and 1877. Josef Langmayer was publisher and J. V. Matejka was editor in 1880. A later paper, monthly, of this name, was established in 1902 by the First Bohemian Catholic Central Union as the organ of this Union. The editors to date are Rev. Peter Cerveny and John Straka. Vox Humana, 1873 to date (1879): A monthly, devoted to music- Charles Barnard was editor, and George Woods and Company were publishers, 1874-1876. It was dated for Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, and Chicago in 1876. In 1879 Louis C. Elson was editor, and George Woods and Company were publishers. Western Journal of Education, 1873 to date (1876) : An educa- tional paper, issued monthly. John W. Brown was editor and publisher in 1876. Western Sporting Times, i873(?) (?): Owned by T. Z. Cowles. Wilson's Reflector, 1873 to date (1877) : A monthly, devoted to the advertising of sewing machines. J. A. Spencer was editor, and the Wilson Sewing Machine Company were publishers in 1876. In 1877 Mrs. M. H. Fuller was editor, and the Wilson Sewing Machine Company were publishers. Workers' Lamp, 1873 to date (1877) : A monthly, devoted to mechanical interests. The Workers' Lamp Company were editors and publishers, 1874-1876. Charles G. Smith is men- tioned as a publisher in 1875. ZiONS Vakt, 1873: Organ of the Swedish Baptist Church; pub- lished by Dr. J. A. Edgren. Short lived. American Aspirant, 1874 to date (1876): Edited and published by A. F. Bradley and Company. American Homes Magazine, i874(?) (?): An illustrated magazine published by Henry L. Shepard and Company. F. W. McClure was manager in 1874. Listed also as American Home. American Miller, -|- May, 1874 to date: A monthly journal devoted to the art of flour milling. It was published for one year at Ottawa before its removal to Chicago, May, 1874. It was !o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS originally owned and edited by Samuel S. Chisholm, with whom was associated Arthur J. Mitchell, and subsequently, in 1876, Harley B. Mitchell. The American Miller Publishing Company, which had been the stjle of the publishers, was incorporated in 1878, and in 1882 the style of the corporation was changed to Mitchell Brothers Company, which it still retains. Mr. Chis- holm sold his interest to the Mitchells and retired. In 1907 H. B. Mitchell was editor. The officers of the publishing com- pany are: H. B. Mitchell, president; M.W.Mitchell, vice- president, and A. J. Mitchell, secretary and treasurer. Aebeiterfeeund, i874(?) (?): German. Rudolph Ruh- baum was proprietor. Babcock Fire Record, i874(?) (?): Monthly. Edited by George Mathews. Carl Pretzel's National Weekly, i 874-1 893: The title later contained the word Illustrated, to advertise its cartoons. A comic paper, written in German-English lingo. It made an appeal to a wider public than its predecessor. Having exhausted after a time his original vein, Mr. C. F. Harris, the editor and publisher, turned his attention to politics. Among the contrib- utors were Robert G. IngersoU and John A. Logan. The paper became also the organ of some secret society interests. It re- tained throughout its existence something of its original humorous character. U Catholic Pilot, August 15, 1874 to date: A Catholic weekly. Edited and published throughout its existence by M. J. Cahill. It was listed in 1879 as Irish Leader and Pilot and in 1881 as Pilot. Children's Voice, i874(?) (?) : W. Billings was editor and proprietor. Christian at Work, i874(?) to date (1875) : In 1874 H. H. Chan- dler was manager of the western branch, located in Chicago; C. D. Paine, 1875. Commercial Price Current, 1874 to date (1877) : A weekly. R. W. Wheeler was editor; the Commercial Printing Company were publishers. Daily Courier, January i, 1874, to date (1877) : Issued at 8 a. m. Given in the directory for 1876 as the Morning Courier, daily and weekly. A Sunday edition, the Sunday Courier-Herald, was established in 1876. The Courier Company were editors and publishers, 1874-1876; George I. Yeager, in 1877. The paper began as Independent; became Democratic. HU The Cross and the Sword, i874(?) : Nowlan and Cunningham were proprietors. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 121 Crusader, J874 to date (1881) : A temperance monthly. Mrs. M. E. DeGeer and daughter, Mrs. C. V. Waite, were editors and publishers from 1875 to 1879 (and after?). Engineer, Architect, and Surveyor, 1874-1875+: Established by George H. Frost and Charles J. Moore. It was changed to Engineering News, +1875-1879+: Established by George H. Frost. After one year Charles J. Moore became associated with Frost in editing and publishing the Engineering News which was soon made a weekly. Moore's name disappeared, * and Frost continued as editor and publisher until the office of publication was moved to New York at the close of 1878. Vols. 9-18 are entitled Engineering News and American Contract Journal; vols. 19-59, Engineering News and American Railway Journal. The paper is still published in New York and maintains a Chicago office. JC Field, 1874+ : Weekly. Became WH Field AND Stream, +1874-1876+: It succeeded the Field, wsls published bi-weekly, and later became H Chicago Field, February, + 1876-July, 1881 : A sportsman's weekly newspaper and recreative journal. Its publishers have been: C.W. Marsh and Company, 1 874-1 879; Chicago Field Publish- ing Company, March i, 1879-July i, 1881; American Field Publishing Company, July 2, 1881, to date. Edited by Marsh and Company to March i, 1876. March 4, 1876, Dr. N. Rowe assumed editorial charge and on March 3, 1877, became editor and manager, and continued as such until his death, March 10, 1896. Dr. Rowe was also president and treasurer of the American Field Publishing Company until his death. Then Mrs. N. Rowe became president and treasurer of the company, and editor to date. From 1876 George W. Strell was associated with Dr. N. Rowe, was managing editor, 1886-1896, and general manager and editor, 1896 to date. Title was changed to American Field on July 2, 1881. Since 1883 the journal has been dated from New York and Chicago. HA Fra Moderlandene, 1874 to date (1875) : A Scandinavian weekly. Albert Fougner was general agent. Furniture Trade, 1874 to date (1880): Monthly. The paper was listed in the 1875 directory as Western Furniture Trade, and in 1879 and 1880 as Furniture Trade Journal, Brackett and Talcott were editors and publishers 1875-1876. The following year Charles E. Brackett was editor and publisher. The name of F. B. De Berard appears as editor and publisher in 1878 ; Brackett, Ealy, and Company in 1879. Francis LeBaron was editor in !2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 1880, and F. B. De Berard, publisher. The journal was then semi-monthly. It was issued simultaneously in Chicago and New York in 1879. Gazeta Polska Katolicka, 1874 to date: A Polish Catholic weekly. In 1876-1880 John Barzynski was editor, and the Polish Literary Society were publishers. In 1907 the W. Smulski Publishing Company were publishers. The word Polska is not now a part of the title. Gerichtshalle, 1874 ( ?) : A German paper, edited and pub- lished by E. Frederick. Good Tronsros, i874(?) (?) : L; C. Collins and C. C. Marston were the editors. Grocer, i874-(after 1879)-!-: A commercial weekly. George P. Engelhard was editor, Hannibal H. Chandler was manager, and the Grocer Publishing Company were publishers, 1877-1879. It became Grocer and Mercantile Review, -f- ( ) after 1879, to date (1881) : George P. Engehard continued in the position of editor. The Grocer Company were publishers in 1881, with H. H. Chandler as manager. Handels und Industrie Zeitung, 1874 to date (1876) : A Scandi- navian commercial paper. It was being published in 1876 by the Hejmdal Publishing Company. PIejmdal, 1874 to date (1877) : A Scandinavian papei. Reichel and Salmonsen were editors and publishers in 1875. The fol- lowing year the Hejmdal Publishing Company were publishers. In 1877 the same company were publishing the paper, and L. Salmonsen was editor. The proprietors for that year are given as Reichel and Company. This paper claimed to be "the largest Danish-Norwegian paper in the world." Hospital Bazaar, November 16-25, 1874: Edited by Kate Newell Doggett in the interest of the Hahnemann Hospital Fair. J Hyrdestemmen, 1874 to date: A weekly Sunday-school paper, published by the Norwegian and Danish Methodists. The editors have been: Rev. C. F. Eltzholtz, 1 874-1 878; Rev. Christian Treider and Rev. C. F. Eltzholtz, 1878-1880; A. Haagenson, 1 880-1 884; Christian Treider, 1 884-1 892; H. P. Bergh, 1892-1898; Christian Treider, 1898-1900; H. P. Bergh, 1900 to date. Files of the paper are available at 272 Grand ave- nue, Chicago. Illustrated Bible Studies, 1874 to date (1879) '■ A non-sectarian Sunday-school paper, published monthly. Howard, Turner, and Company were editors and publishers, 1874-1875. C. H. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 123 Howard and Company were editors and publishers in 1876; C. H. Howard was editor, C. H. Howard and Company were pub- lishers in 1879. Insurance Critic, 1874 to date (1879): A semi-monthly, devoted to insurance interests. George W. and Joseph Reed, Jr., were editors and publishers, 1875-1876 ; George W. Reed and George W. Corliss, 1877 to date (1879). The paper is given in 1879 as a monthly, issued from Chicago and New York. Chicago Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, January, 1 874-October, 1875-1- : A quarterly medical journal. J.S.Jewell and H. M. Bannister were editors. The journal was continued as the Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 4- October, 1879- (?)■ Liquor Trade Review, 1874 (?): Thomas Marshall was editor and publisher. Live Stock and Produce Reporter, i874(?) to date (1875): E. Grifl&ths was publisher. The paper was also listed as Live Stock Reporter. Metal World, i874(?) (?): A commercial monthly, listed in the newspaper directory for 1874. It was published by the Metal World Publishing Company. Millenarian, January, 1874 ( ?) : Monthly. Edited and pub- lished by H. V. Reed. "The Millenarian advocates the per- sonal return of Christ to our earth, his literal reign over Isreal and the nations, the resurrection of the holy dead at the com mencement of the Millennium, and their reign with Christ during the Millennial day and beyond," etc. H Missions- Vannen, July, 1874 to date: Founded as a monthly by the Mission Synod; became weekly in 1880. Edited at first by A. W. Hedenschoug and L. J. Peterson, 1874-1880; Andrew Hallner, 1880-1882; A. E. Wenstrand and Gustaf Theden; and later Hallner, under whom the paper favored Prohibition. He was succeeded by John Hagestrom. The Mission Friends Publishing Company bought the paper in 1882. C. G. Peterson is manager. Nar Och Fjerran, 1874 to date (1879): A Swedish illustrated monthly published at the Hemlandet office, 1874-1877. Enan- der and Bohman were editors and publishers, 1875-1877. C National, 1874 to date (1881) : A weekly, devoted to the interests of the liquor trade. i2z!4 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS NoRDEN, 1874 to date (1881) : A Norwegian paper, Republican in politics. Hallward Hande was editor, and I. T. Relling and Company were publishers, 1 875-1 880. U Novelist, 1874 to date (1881): A literary paper of which George E. Blakely was editor, and the Pictorial Printing Company were publishers, 1879-1880. Den Nye Ted, 1874-after 1881: A socialist paper started by the Scandinavian sect of the Socialist Labor party. It was edited by Mr. Peterson. In 1 881 a paper bearing the same name was listed in Ayer as established in 1877 and published by Den Nye Tid Publishing Company. Our Rest, i874-]'88o( ?) + : A semi-monthly paper devoted to the Second Advent. The title was given in 1881 as Our Rest and Signs of the Times. Thoilias Wilson was editor and publisher in 1873. The same was true in 1880, but in 1875 and 1876 Thomas WUson and H. V. Reed were the editors. Owl, October, 1874 (?) : A literary monthly devoted to library news, brief and terse, often unrestrained and enthusiastic. Book notices, and other items of literary interest including essays by W. F. Poole, designed to impress upon his readers his belief that good fiction should occupy a large place in public libraries, gave the paper good standing. It was edited by W. F. Poole, and published by W. B. Keen, Cooke, and Company, of whose book busiaess the Owl seems to have been more or less the hand- maiden. Vol. I consists of fourteen numbers; vol. 2 begins with January, 1876. NF People's Monthly, i874(?) (?): C. McKnight was editor. Saturday Evening Herald, 1874-1909-I- : A weekly, devoted in early years to literature, art, music, and society; and in later years almost exclusively to society. Lyman B. Glover was founder, John M. Dandy, G. M. McConnell and Lyman B. Glover were editors up to 1879. McConnell withdrew in 1879, Glover in 1886. Dandy was editor to 1893 or after. In 1876 the Herald Publishing Company were publishers. Edward Freiberger was editor and publisher in 1907. Ernest L. Briggs, editor in 1909, started the Illinois Illustrated Review, July, 1909, and Chicago Illustrated Review, September 15, 1909, to succeed the Herald. AH SciENTrFic Manufacturer, 1874 to date (1875) : A semi-monthly, published at Detroit, Michigan, dated for Chicago and Detroit. Thomas S. Sprague was editor and R. H. Sprague, publisher, in 1874. R. A. Sprague was editor and publisher in 1875, ^^^ ^^^ paper was monthly. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 125 Sewing Machine Journal, 1874 ( ?) : A monthly journal. A. M. Leslie and Company were editors and publishers in 1874. Temple Call, i874(?) (?): Edited by Pliny P. Ravlin. Volks-Zeitung, January, 1874-1876: A socialist paper established by a stock company called Social Democratic Printing Associ- ation, with Mr. Brucker as editor. The paper was sold to C. Conzett in 1876 and was used by him in establishing Arbeiter- Zeitung. VoRBOTE, March, 1874 to date: Established as a workingman's socialist organ, with Conrad Conzett as editor. The success of the venture led in 1876 to the purchase of Volks-Zeitung and the establishing of the Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung, published three times a week. P. Grottkau was editor in 1879, and in that year the paper was taken over by the Socialistic Publishing Society. August Spies and Michel Schwab became editors in 1880, and were condemned for participation in the so-called Anarchist riots in Chicago in 1886. Spies was hanged and Schwab, sen- tenced to life imprisonment, was pardoned by Governor Altgeld in 1893. Since 1892 the paper has been published by Chicago Arbeiter-Zeitung Publishing Company, successor to the Social- istic Publishing Society. Watchmaker and Metal Worker, 1874 to date (1881) : Estab- lished as a monthly. In 1879 it was bi-monthly; then monthly in 1880. John H. Mather was editor and publisher, 1879-1880. Westen, i874(?) (?) : An Independent German weekly paper; the Sunday edition of the Illinois Staats-Zeitung. It was listed as the Westen und Daheim in 1907 ; a Republican paper. Raster was editor, 1874-1875, and The Illinois Staats-Zeitung Company were publishers, 1874-1876. U Western Manufacturer, April, 1874 to date (1882) : A mechan- ical publication issued monthly. Fox and Company were editors and publishers in 1875 ; Fox and Coyne in 1876 ; Coyne and Gilmorein 1877; Coyne and Company in 1877-1880. H Western Photographic News, October, 1874 to date (1876): Edited and published by C. W. Stevens. American Trade Journal, 1875 to date (1881) : A commercial monthly. Amerikan, 187s to date: Bohemian. August Geringer has been publisher from 1875 to date. Listed in the 1877-1881 directories as weekly edition of Svornost (which see). Since 1907 it has been a bi-weekly. The paper has always been Independent. Budbareren, i875(?) to date (1876): A Swedish paper of which Lars C. Svendson was proprietor. 126 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Christian Register, i875(?) to date: A Unitarian weekly, estab- lished in Boston in 182 1. In 1875 it was dated for Chicago. Rev. T. J. Mumford was editor, Geo. H. Ellis was business manager; and the Christian Register Association were pub- lishers. In 1907 George Batchelorwas editor; the same asso- ciation were publishers. Commercial, i875(?)-i876-|- : Edited by R. Wheeler. By 1877 it had been changed to Marine Record and Trade or the West, -f i877(?) (?): Conservatory, i87s(?) (?): Lyman, McAUaster, and Com- pany were publishers. Enterprise and Times, i875(?) (?) -|- : Published for South Chicago by H. L. Goodall and Company, who were also editors. Changed to Enterprise, -f- 1875 to date (1877) : A weekly, published for South Chicago by H. L. Goodall and Company. William Caffrey was editor. Grain and Provision Review, 1875 to date (1881) : A commercial paper. Cole and Company were editors and publishers in 1880. Great South-West, 1875 to date (1876) : A monthly advertising sheet. In 1876 George Rice was editor and publisher. The paper was dated from Sedalia, Missouri, and Chicago. Guardian, 1875 to date (1881) : An English and German monthly, published in the interest of the I. O. O. F. The Guardian Pub- lishing Company, of which S. L. Hurst was secretary, were editors and publishers, 1876-1877. The same company were publishers, 1878-1880. H. F. Holcomb was editor, 1878- 1879; T. H. Glenn, 1880. H Chicagoer Handels-Zeitung, 1875 to date (1879) • ^ German commercial and industrial weekly, claimed to be the only one in the West. C. Wenbome and J. Lingenberg were editors in 1877 ; Sittig and Wenbome were publishers. In 1879 Hermann Lieb was editor; the Chicago Democrat Printing Company were publishers. No report is given in the directory of 1880. Hotel World, August, 1875 to date: A weekly class journal of general hotel information devoted to technical hotel literature, hotel news, and editorial. Established by Frank Glossop, who was editor and publisher, 1875-1877. William E. Smith was associated with him, 1877-1879. H. J. Bohn and Company pur- chased the paper in 1879 and continued the publication to 1883. H. J. and C. H. Bohn, 1883-1885; H. J. Bohn and Brother CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 127 (Jolin J. Bohn), 1885 to date. Files are in the ofi&ce and in the Library of Congress. Chicago Illustrated News, i875(?): W. R. Steele was pub- lisher. Index, i87s(?) to date (1891): A Saturday paper, devoted to fic- tion. C. E. Tues was editor; the Index Publishing Company were publishers. This paper was listed in Rowell for 1891. In Door and Out, 1875 to date (1879): An illustrated literary monthly. George E. Blakely was editor, and the Pictorial Print- ing Company were publishers. 1876-1879. Insurance Press, i875(?) (?): Published by George Cohen. Lakestoe Library, 1875-1877 : The issues of this "library" were tri-monthly pamphlets, the first of the kind, containing cheap reprints of standard fiction. Donnelley, Lloyd, and Company were the editors and publishers. This was said by John R. Walsh to have been the first ten-cent "library." Landlord and Tenant, i875(?)-i876(?): John F. Golding was manager in 1875; Francis Timpson was publisher in 1876. TJ Mercantile Price Current, 1875 to date (1876): A daily and weekly commercial paper. The Chicago Mercantile Publishing Company were editors and publishers. Morning Star, -l-i87s(?) to date (1879): A Baptist weekly, founded at Dover, New Hampshire, in 1826. According to the directories it was dated for Boston and Chicago, 1875-1879. In 187s George T. Day was editor; I. D. Stewart, publisher. G. F. Mosher and Rev. A. H. Huling were editors, 1876-1879; I. D. Stewart was publisher. National Farmer, 1875 to date (1879) : A monthly publication issued from the office of Factory and Farm. M. E. Cole was editor, and Fox, Cole, and Company were publishers in 1879. Daily News, December 26, 1875 to date: Established by Melville E. Stone, Percy R. Meggy, and William E. Dougherty. Meggy and Dougherty soon became discouraged and sold to Mr. Stone, who in turn sold to Victor F. Lawson in July, 1876. Later Mr. Stone bought a third interest in the property and conducted the editorial department until 1888, when he retired. Mr. Lawson became sole owner, and thereafter directed both the editorial and the business departments. In 1878 the News i)ought the Evening Post ; in 1881 the issue of a two-cent morning edition, called at first Morning News, and after 1892 Record, was begun ; it was made one cent in 1888. Mr. Lawson conducted both papers until March 28, 1901, when he sold the Record to the Times-Herald and the two were consolidated as Record- 128 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Herald. The News has professed independence in politics, and enterprise rather than sensationalism. Its foreign special cable service has been a feature of its news enterprise, while its fresh-air fund, free lectures, and such undertakings indicate other directions in which it has been active. NH Printing Press, July, 1875-October, 1876: A quarterly publica- tion for printers, journalists, and others. Edited by Henry R. Boss and published for the Franklin Society as a means of in- creasing the library of that society. In the early numbers Boss printed his Early Newspapers in Illinois. In the second volume, beginning June, 1876, three bi-monthly numbers were issued, and the publication was then discontinued. JH Progressive Farmer, i875( ?) ( ?) : Listed in the 1875 directory. Rapid Writer, +April, 1875-November, 1878-f- : A quarterly publication "devoted to the introduction of phonetic shorthand as the common and universal mode of writing." The first num- ber was issued in Boston, June 15, 1865, and was edited by D. P. Lindsley. The second number, which did not appear until April 15, 1869, was issued from Mendon, Massachusetts. By that time an office had been established in Chicago with D. Kim- ball as manager. Beginning with the ninth number. Rapid Writer was issued at Andover, Massachusetts, and dated at An- dover, Boston, and Chicago. The Rapid Writer Association thenceforward was publisher. Through 1873 the title was Rapid Writer and Philological Magazine; in 1874 Rapid Writer and Tachygrapher; beginning April, 1875, Rapid Writer; beginning January, 1877, Rapid Writer and Takigrajer. Early in 1875 the office of issue was moved to Chicago; by January, 1879, it was New York, though D. Eamball remained the western man- ager. The publication became bi-monthly in January, 1876; in January, 1877, monthly. J Real Estate Register, i875(?) (?): A monthly listed for 1875. Sams and Furber were proprietors. Rolling Mill Journal, i875(?) : J. P. Ivers was editor. School World, 1875 to date (1876) : A monthly devoted to ea cation. William H. Gardner was editor and publisher in 1876. South Lawn Tribune, i875(?) to date (1878) : Young and Row- ley were proprietors of this paper in 1875. John K. Rowley edited it in 1878. South Side Record, i87s(?) (?): Owned and published by Vansant and Company. Sunday School Gem, i875(?) to date (1877) : Published by David C. Cook. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 129 SvoRNOST, 187s to date: An Independent Bohemian paper, issued daily and Sunday. F. B. Zdrubek has been chief of the editorial staff, and August Geringer publisher, since the beginning. Svornost is the oldest Bohemian daily in the United States. C Temperance Monthly, 1875 to date (1876) : Mrs. C. Augustus Haviland was editor and publisher in 1875. There is no report given for 1876. Temperance Record, i87s( ?) ( ?) : Edited by John Meagher. Travelers', Shippers' and Mail Guide, i875(?) to date (1880): W. H. Stoelker and Company were publishers. Watchman, 1875 to date (1886): A semi-monthly publication, devoted to the interests of the Y. M. C. A. It was a monthly in 1876, and edited and published by the Y. M. C. A. W. W. Van Arsdale was editor and publisher, 1877-1879. In 1880 W. W. Van Arsdale was editor, and F. H. Revell publisher. The paper was being published in 1884 and in 1886 by Van Arsdale. H Chicagoer Wespen, 1875 ( ?) : A German comic paper, issued weekly. Dr. A. C. Lebell was editor and publisher in 1875. Western Age, 1875 to date (1876) : M. Mudge was editor, and W. H. Peck and Company were publishers, 1875-1876. Western Beacon, i875(?) (?): Published monthly. Western Paper Trade, 1875 to date (1884) : A monthly devoted to the paper trade mills. The Union Bag and Paper Company (formerly Wheeler, Fisher, and Company), were editors and publishers from the time it was founded by them ini875 un- til January 15, 1881, when it was bought by J. Fred Waggoner. It was still published by him in 1884, but had disappeared be- fore 1891. H Western Trade Journal, 1875 to date: Issued weekly and devoted to commercial, financial, and mining interests. Henry Clay Brace was sole editor and proprietor until 1894, when he sold to Jay Smith. Smith sold the paper, in 1895, to Fremont Arford, who has been editor, publisher, and proprietor from 1895 to date. The name was given in Ayer, 1881, as Western Trade and Export Journal. American Horse-Shoer and Hardware Journal, 1876 to date (1881) : A commercial monthly. American Poultry Journal, +1876 to date: An illustrated monthly, devoted to the interests of raisers of thoroughbred poultry, turkeys, ducks and geese. Established by C. J. Ward, 1874, in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and moved to Chicago in 1876. C. J. Ward was editor; Ward and Darrah were publishers. In 13C0 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 1879 C. J. Ward, H. C. Darrah, and C. W. Heaton were editors; Ward and Darrah, publishers. C. J. Ward appears alone as editor and publisher in 1880. The paper was purchased by Morgan Bates in 1888. George G. Bates bought it in 1894, and the American Poultry Journal Publishing Company was in- corporated in 1902. In 1907 Geo. B. Bates was editor; the above named company were publishers. At different times daily, weekly, and semi-monthly editions have been published. H Appeal, 1876 to date (1880) : A bi-weekly, published in the interest of the Reformed Episcopal church. Bishop Samuel Fallows was editor; Edward P. Brooks and Company were publishers in 1880. Arbeiter Zeitung, 1876 to date: A workmen's socialist organ be- gun as a tri-weekly as a result of the success of Vorbote, a weekly, established by the same persons in 1874. Conrad Conzett was editor untU T878, when he sold to the Socialist-Labor party acting under the name of Socialist Publishing Company. Conzett was succeeded by P. Grottkau. The paper was made a daUy at the end of 1878. August Spies, who became editor in 1880, and Michel Schwab, member of the staff, were implicated in the anarchistic riots in 1886; Spies was hanged, and Schwab, condemned to imprisonment for life, was pardoned by Governor Altgeld in 1893. Throughout the first week in May, 1886, the paper was suppressed by the police of Chicago; the compositors were arrested, and the printer threatened. The paper was censored for some time. The publishing company was incorporated in 1892 as the Arbeiter-Zeitung Publishing Company. A Sunday edition is called Die Fackel} JN Botanical Bulletin, November, i87S-November, 1876-I-: A monthly journal embracing all departments of botanical science. Established by Dr. John M. Coulter, who was editor and pub- lisher. In November, 1876, it was changed, on the suggestion of Dr. Asa Gray, to the Botanical Gazette, 4- November, 1876 to date: From January, 1878, to January, 1882, M. S. Coulter was associated with his brother as editor. When he ceased this relation in January, 1882, C. R. Barnes and J. C. Arthur became associate editors. In 1886 they became co-editors with Dr. Coulter. The editors were also publishers until July, 1876, when the University of Chicago became the publisher. It has continued so to date. After July, 1896, associate editors were selected from the various institutions of America and Europe. In July, 1900, J. C. Arthur was transferred from the list of editors to that of associate ^ For a detailed account of the part played in the anarchistic movement by this group of papers, see Michael J. Schwab, Anarchy and Anarchists, Chicago, 1889 . CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 131 editors. In January, 1 905 , the list of associates was discontinued. The present editors are John M. Coulter and C. R. Barnes. JU Christian Sunday School Teacher, 1876 to date (1881): A monthly religious paper. Chronicle, i876(?): Monthly. Mentioned only in the directory for 1876, which gave George Alexander as editor. Drew's College Journal, September, 1876 (?): An adver- tising sheet published monthly in the interest of Drew's Business College. H Dunton's Spirit of the Turf, October 18, 1876 to date (1881) : A weekly, devoted to sport. Frank H. Dunton and Charles E. Jones were editors; F. H. Dunton was publisher in 1877. In 1880, Frank H. Dunton was editor; F. H. and E. M. Dunton were publishers. H Editor's Eye, 1876 to date (1880): Clarence P. Dresser was editor in 1880. The publishers for that year were the Editor's Eye Company, comprised of C. P. Dresser, F. B. Clancy, and A. E. Spencer. A local paper. Educational Weekly, -l-December, i876-i88i(?): Formed by the combination of School Bulletin and Northwestern Journal oj Education, Wisconsin; Michigan Teacher; Illinois School- master; Nebraska Teacher; The School, Michigan; Home and School, Kentucky; School Reporter, Indiana. WiUiam F. Phelps was the first editor, associated with whom were Pro- fessor Edward OIney, University of Michigan ; J. M. Gregory, president Illinois Industrial University, and Newton Bateman, president Knox College. Winchell and Klein were publishers. By 1878 E. O. VaUe and S. R. Winchell were editors and pro- prietors; S. R. Winchell and Jeremiah Mahony, editors, S. R. Winchell and Company, publishers, 1880; J. Fred Waggoner was editor and publisher in 1881. H Factory and Farm, 1876 to date (1880) : A monthly of which Fox, Cole, and Company were editors and publishers, 1877-1880. C Fancy Grocer, 1876 to date (1879): A weekly commercial adver- tising sheet. Ferdinand Fish was editor, and Southwick and Pemberton were publishers in 1879. Folkets Avis, 1876 to date (1880) : A Danish weekly, Independent in politics. Myrup and Olson were editors and publishers in 1880. The paper was dated for Racine, Wisconsin, and for Chicago. Folkets Rost, 1876 to date (1877): A Norwegian weekly. J. Ditten and Joe EUerston were editors ; Joe EUerston and Com- pany, publishers. 132 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Gaskell's Magazine, i 876-1 887: A monthly educational maga- zine. A. J. Scarborough was editor; the G. A. Gaskell Com- pany were publishers. Highway Papers, 1876 to date (1879) : An evangelical monthly. Isaiah Reid was editor and publisher. International Lesson, i876( ?) to date (1880) : A monthly of which Fleming H. Revell was publisher in 1876 ; William B. Jacobs in 1880. Irish Tribune, 1876 to date (1881) : A weekly paper, Independent in politics. M. Ryan was editor; the Irish Tribune Publishing Company were publishers. P. J. Ryan was business manager, 1879-1880. National Demokrat, 1876 to date (1877) : A German Democratic paper, published daily except Sunday. George Braham was business manager in 1877. It was said to be the oflScial organ of the city and county, to have a larger circulation than any other German Democratic paper in the west, and to be the only German Democratic paper published in Chicago. Old Oaken Bucket, 1876: A monthly literary publication of the "family story" type. E. M. Turner and Company were editors and publishers. Pomeroy's Democrat, + January i, 1876 to date (1880) : A weekly Greenback paper removed January i, 1876, from New York where it was founded in 1869. After January 26, 1878, the title was Pomeroy's Illustrated Democrat. Mark M. Pomeroy was editor and publisher. HA Railroad Conductor's Brotherhood Magazine, 1876 to date (1880) : A monthly magazine of which J. Ward Boyles was editor and publisher, 1 876-1 880. Railway Age, June 17, 1876-June, 1908+ : A weekly journal devoted to the construction, equipment, operation, maintenance, and public relations of railways. It was first issued June 17, 1876, by the Railway Age Publishing Company; George S. Bangs, president; Elisha H. Talbott, manager; Horace R. Hobart, editor. Mr. Talbott was the originator of the Railway Age and from 1878 to 1891 was president as well as manager. H. W. Shuey was treasurer and business manager from December, 1886. In September, 1891, Harry P. Robinson and associates purchased Mr. Talbott's controlling interest and merged into the Railway Age the Northwestern Rail- roader, which for some years had been published by them at Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Railway Age and Northwestern Railroader Company was incorporated with Harry P. Robinson, CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 133 president; Horace R. Hobart, vice-president, and Hugh M. Wil- son, secretary and manager. In January, 1900, Hugh M. Wilson purchased the control from Mr. Robinson and assumed entire business and editorial management. The property was reincorporated as the Railway Age Company, with Hugh M. Wilson, president and manager; H. R. Hobart, vice-president; John N. Reynolds, second vice-president; W. H. Shuey, treas- urer, and T. Addison Busby, secretary. In May, 1906, the Railway Age Company was reorganized as the Wilson Com- pany. The Railway Age and the Railroad Gazette were united Jime, 1908, as Railroad Age Gazette. WHJU Rasesek, i876( ?) ( ?) : A Bohemian weekly edited by Reischel Gutes. Science and Progress, 1876 to date (1883) : Listed in Hubbard's Newspaper Annual for 1883-1884. Chicagoer Socialist, 1876 to date (1879): A German paper issued daily except Sunday. The Socialist Printing Association were editors and publishers in 1877. Robert List was manager in 1879. Sunday School Advocate, -I- 1876 to date (1877): Established in Boston in 1840. Published weekly and semi-monthly. It was dated for New York, Cincinnati, Boston, and Chicago in 1877. Rev. J. H. Vincent was editor, and Nelson and Phillips were publishers in 1877. Sunset Chimes, 1876 to date (1887) : A monthly literary magazine of the "family story" type. The Sunset Chimes Publishing Company were editors and publishers in 1877-1881. Teachers' Quarterly, 1876 to date (1881) : A quarterly evangel- ical paper. Washingtonian, January, i876-i893(?): A temperance monthly, edited by Daniel Wflkins and published by the Washingtonian Home ALSsociation. H Watch, 1876 (?): A bi-monthly advertising sheet. Charles Wendell and Company were editors and publishers in 1876. Western Brewer and Journal of the Barley, Hop, and Malt Trades, July, 1 876-1 907 (?) + : A monthly devoted to brewing, malting, hop, and kindred trades. It was established by J. M. Wing and H. S. Rich, under the firm name of J. M. Wing and Company. H. S. Rich became sole owner in 1887. The com- pany was incorporated in 1903 as H. S. Rich and Company, who are still the editors and publishers. There is a branch ofl&ce in New York. In 1907 the name of the paper was given as Western Brewer, and has been so to date. J I3I34 ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS Western Traveler, i876( ?) ( ?) : Published by D. A. Cashman. Wild Edgerton's Weekly Evergreen, December 9, 1876- November, 1877: A weekly series of poems issued in pamphlet form, each bearing a serial number. By Brock L. McVicker. Fifty-two numbers were issued, toward the last in groups of four or five. H Words of Life, i876(?) to date (1880): A monthly edited and published by Fleming H. Revell, 1876-1880. H Amateur Mechanic, July, 1877, to date (1878) : A monthly edited and published by Samuel Harris as an advertising sheet. H American Home, 1877 to date (1881): A bi-monthly family peri- odical. In 1879 and 1880 Mrs. Theodore C. Campbell was editor and publisher. C Beobachter, 1877 to date (1907) : A German paper, founded at Wheaton by Paul Geleff, who was its editor to about 1885. Henry Wilhelmy owned and conducted the paper from 1885 to the year of his death, 1892. After that, A. Paessler was the pro- prietor. It has been for years the official paper of a number of suburban towns and of DuPage County. It has absorbed the McHenry Familienfreund, 1895, the Joliet Volksblatt, 1896, the Chicago Concordia, 1899, and the Harlem Post, 1906. It is known now (1907) as Beobachter and Post, published by the Beobachter and Post Publishing Company, and is listed as In- dependent in politics. It is dated for Chicago and for Wheaton. Bladet, February, 1877 to date: Established by John Martenson as a fortnightly Swedish Lutheran paper. In 1879 it was com- bined with Zions Baner, owned by K. Erixon, who became joint owner with Martenson, and Bladet was made a weekly. Victor Rylander later became a member of the firm. John Martenson has been editor from the beginning. Organ of the Free Mission Friends. Board of Trade, 1877: A commercial monthly, published by M. T. Lane and Company. Bunder-Posaune, 1877 to date (1879): A German evangelical monthly, published under the auspices of the Publishing Com- mittee of the German National Y. M. C. A., with Rev. J. D. Severinghaus as editor, Severinghaus and Company, publishers. Monthly Casket, i877(?) to date (1880) : Edward U. Jones was editor, 1877-1880. Church and School, 1877 to date (1880) : A non-sectarian monthly, edited and published by David C. Cook. Clothing Gazette, i877(?) (?): Edited by John McGreer. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 135 Cosmopolitan, 1877 to date (1880) : A monthly, devoted to fashions. C. A. Vosburg and Company were editors and publishers in 1879 and 1880. Deutsche Amerikanische Mueller, 1877 to date (1881) : A Ger- man mechanical monthly. In 1879 Sittig and Wenbome were editors and publishers. In 1880 E. A. Sittig was editor and pub- lisher. Deutsche Warte, 1877 to date: A German Independent weekly, (semi- weekly since 1889) edited and published to 1884 by the German Book and News Company. Since 1884 the Germania Publishing Company have been puJalishers. Dr. H. Duemling is now editor-in-chief. Druggist, 1877 to date (1881) : A monthly, devoted to drug in- terests. DucH Casu, 1877 to date: A Bohemian illustrated weekly, devoted to literature. It has a comic section and is issued from the oflSce of the Svornost. August Geringer is editor and pub- lisher. EvANGELiSK TiDSKRiFT, 1 87 7- January i, 1885-I-: Edited by Dr. J. A. Edgren and published by Rev. N. P. Jensen until 1880, when it was turned over to E. Wingren. Started as a monthly ; in 1881 made semi-monthly. January i, 1885, the name was changed to Nya Wecko Posten, which is stUl edited and pub- lished by Rev. E. Wingren. Swedish Baptist. Every Child's Paper, i877(?) to date (1878) : Miss E. C. Pruden was editor and proprietor. Every Youth's Paper, i877(?) to date (1878) : Miss E. C. Pruden was editor and publisher. Eye, 1877 (?) to date (1886) : Devoted to art, photography, and hu- morous and other literature. In 1884 Hutchin and Cotmer were editors and publishers. Fair Play, i877(?)-February, 1882 -f- : The first number, that for December 10, 1881, was labeled vol. vi, no. i; the issue for February 11, 1882, was the last. Edited by Frank H. Brooks. It was apparently either the successor to some earlier publication or VI should have been i. On Sunday, February 19, 1882, Brooks began the publication of Porcupine, apparently aimed to serve the same somewhat unobvious purpose as Fair Play. H Farm and Garden, 1877 to date (1881) : A bi-monthly advertising sheet. Farmers' Review, 1877 to date: Established by A. Moore. Until 1880 it was monthly; since then it has been weekly. It has always been devoted to live stock and agriculture. The Farmers' 13^6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Review Company were editors and publishers in 1879 and until 1883. It was purchased in 1883 by Hannibal H. Chandler and Company, of which company Hannibal H. Chandler was presi- dent and Edwin W. Chandler, secretary. It was edited and published by this company until April, 1909, when it passed into the ownership of the National Stockman and Farmer Company, of Pittsburg, Pa., and Chicago. Under this management the publication continues weekly as before. Files are available at the office. HU Good News, i877(?) (?): Monthly. Hardware and Implement Trade, i877(?) : A weekly, published by Tucker and Smith. Hardware and Iron List, i877(?) to date (1879) : A. C. Schooley was editor and proprietor, 1877-1879. Illustrated Boot and Shoeist, i877( ?) ( ?) : John McGreer was editor. Independent, i877-i88o(?): William Burgess was editor and publisher. "Devoted to the interests of hotel men, merchants, and manufacturers." H Insurance Herald, i877-i88o(?) : Geo. I. Yeager was editor and the Herald Publishing Company were publishers in 1877. This paper was apparently started by Yeager after the Herald was changed to Argus. George I. Yeager is given in the city direc- tories as manager, 1879-1880. Semi- Weekly Journal, i877(?) (?): Published by H. L. Goodall and Company. Journal or Science, 1877 to date (1881) : A scientific monthly publication. H Katholischer Jugend Freund, 1877 to date (1881) : A German Catholic juvenile magazine. Rev. A. J. Thiele was editor, and C. M. Staiger publisher, 1879-1880. The paper was published bi-weekly 1877-1878, and weekly 1879-1880. Law Journal, 1877 to date (1907): Published weekly since its establishment by the Chicago Law Journal Publishing Com- pany. Judge John Gibbons was editor for a number of years, and was succeeded by Col. J. W. C. Jt)nes. D. M. Hammack was afterwards editor. In 1907 the editor was William F. Denneman, LL.B. This paper is not listed in Rowell for 1879, nor in Ayer for 1881. Files may be found at the Chicago Public Library, the Chicago Law Institute, and the various State Law Libraries throughout^the country. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 137 Leap, 1877 to date (1881) : A commercial weekly devoted to the tobacco trade. J. Irving Crabbe was editor in 1879; and Collins and Hoffman were publishers. In 1880 George N. Holdcraft was editor; G. P. Hoffman, publisher. Marvel, i877( ?) to date (1878) : A monthly published by Spalding and Company in 1877. Charles E. Bonnell was editor and pro- prietor in 1878. Mirror of Fashions, February, i877(?)-i88o(?) : An advertising sheet. Vol. 3, no. 6 is dated July 17, 1879. In 1879 J. D. Goodrich was publisher. J. D. Goodrich and Company were publishers in 1880. The paper was then listed as The Mirror. H Musical Review, April, 1877- ( ?) : Edited by George B. Arms- trong; published monthly by the Musical Review Publishing Company. Nad Och Sannung, i877(?) to date (1880) : Scandinavian. Ewald, Lindell and Skeppstedt were proprietors in 1878. In 1880 Charles Lindell and Rev. Carl A. Ewald were editors. National Board of Trade, 1877 to date (1879) : Published weekly. E. A. Saxby was editor in 1878; M. T. Lane was editor, the National Board of Trade Publishing Company were publishers, 1879. Neue Zeit, 1877 (?) : A German Independent paper. It was the Sunday edition of the Volks Zeitung. The Chicago Press Society were editors and publishers. Norsk-Amerikanske Independent, 1877 to date (1879) : A Nor- wegian Independent publication. O. M. Peterson, Morck and Company were editors and publishers in 1879. Northwest, i877(?) (?): Issued daily and weekly. It was edited by Carl Grandpr^, and published by Emil Bischof. Play, 1877 to date (1881) : A monthly devoted to drama and music.H Practical Teacher, 1877 to date (1881) : A paper devoted to edu- cation and issued semi-monthly except during July and August. It was a monthly in 1879. Klein and Kimball were editors and publishers in 1 879-1 880. Publishers' Monthly, i877(?) to date (1878): Luther Conant was manager in 1878. Social Science Journal, 1877-1881 : A monthly, issued by the Illinois Social Science Association and sent gratis to its members ; Miss S. A. Richards was editor, 1879-1880. States, September 8, 1877 ( ?) : A Greenback weekly, with de- partments of literature and law. Its career seems to have been brief. H 13? ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS SVENSKA PosTEN, 1 877+: A Swedish semi-monthly paper edited by Peter Roos. Its name was soon changed to SvENSKA Amerikanaren/ + October, 1877 to date: Established by Herman Roos and Nels Anderson. Herman Roos was editor till June, 1878; Roos and Elmblad, 1878-1880; Elmblad, 1880- 1884; Sundelius, C. F. Peterson and Jacob Bonggren, 1884- 1888; Bonggren, 1 888 (?). Nels Anderson was owner until 1884, when he sold to P. A. Sundelius, N. P. Nelson, and Gabriel Hjertquist, as the Swedish American Printing Company. Frans A. Lindstrand acquired most of the stock in 1888; he sold in 1908 to F. A. Larson. Chicagoer Volks-Zeitung, 1877 ( ?) : A German Independent paper, issued daily except Sunday. The Chicago Press Society were editors and publishers in 1877. Western Shoe and Leather Review, 1877 to date (1881) : A commercial weekly. C. E. Rollins was manager, 1878-1879; Yeager and McDermott were publishers, 1879-1880; C. H. Mc- Dermott was editor, 1880; and the Western Shoe and I^eather Review Companv were editors and publishers, i88i(?) (?). HC Young Folks Weekly, i877(?) (?): Published by H. N. F. Lewis. Alarm, i878-(after 1884): An English organ of the Workingman's party. Edited by A. R. Parsons, one of the notorious group of Chicago anarchists. All the World Over, i878( ?) ( ?) : Mentioned in the directory for 1878. G. F. Thomas was publisher. American Antiquarian, 1878-1881+ : Established and edited by Stephen D. Peet. After the first three volumes the name of the paper was changed to American Antiquarian and Oriental Jour- nal, which has continued to date. It was published as a quar- terly until 1884, since when it has been bi-monthly. Its interests are literary and scientific. It has dealt mainly with the pre- historic works and races of America, also to less extent with those of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The co-operation of European and American archaeologists, distinguished in both biblical and clas- sical lines of work, has secured the journal a means of maintain- ing a scientific basis for all that it publishes. Its pages are illus- trated. In 1880 Jameson and Morse were publishers. Mr. Peet is now his own publisher. H JC American Chess Journal, 1878 to date (1881) : A monthly, given up to the problems of the game of chess. 'This paper should not be confused with a paper of the same name which was established in 1866. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 139 American Furniture Gazette, 1878 to date (1881) : A monthly trade periodical. American Homeopath, 1878-1880+ : A monthly homeopathic Jour- nal, published in New York, dated from New York and Chicago until 1880. In 1879 J- P- Mills was editor ; A. L. Chatterton and Company were publishers. In 1880 Charles E. Blumenthal, M.D., was editor; the publishers were the A. L. Chatterton Publishing Company. Vols. 2 and 3 were called American Homeopathist and later volumes, American Physician. Con- tinued in New York until December, 1908. Amusement World, December 11, 1878 (?) : A weekly review of the drama, music, and the fine arts. Edited by Frank I. Jervis, published by William E. Smith. H Artist, i878(?) : G. F. Thomas was editor. Barn-Vannen, i878-i879(?): Rev. A. Hull was editor in 1878 or 1879, and Charles O. Lindell in the next year. Budget, 1878 to date (1881): Brainerd and Daniels were editors; A. Porter was publisher. Weekly. Business Man's Magazine, i878( ?) ( ?) : J. P. Scott was pub- lisher. Call, 1878 to date (1881) ; A Sunday paper, devoted to matters of family interest. T. J. Morrow was editor and publisher in 1880. Champion of Fair Play, 1878 to date: An English and German weekly devoted to liquor interests. Edited and published in 1907 by R. J. Halle. Chapel Chronicle, September, 1878 (?): A monthly record of the mission work of the First Presbyterian church at Railroad Chapel. Edited by N. O. Moore. H Citizens' League, December 14, 1878, to date (1879) : Prohibition rampant. Frederick D. Dalton was editor and proprietor. H Conditor, Koch und Baecker Zeitung, 1878 to date (1879): A German scientific conmmercial publication, issued bi-weekly at Chicago and PhUadalphia. F. Lisiewski and Company were editors and publishers in 1879. Conservator, 1878 to date: A Colored Republican weekly. In 1878 Ferdinand L. Bamett and James E. Henderson were editors; in 1879 Joseph Houser was publisher. In 1907 D. R. WUkLns was editor; the Conservator Printing and Publishing Company were publishers. Exposition Daily Press, Fall, 1878: The official organ of the Inter-State Exposition, for free distribution. Published by Creswell, Wanner, and Company. H 140 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Faedeeneslandet, 1878 to date (1880): A Swedish weekly publi- cation. Olson and Company were editors and publishers, 1879-1880. Family Journal, i878(?) (?): Edited by Miss C. T. Stalp. Farm, Field, and Fireside, 1878-1906+: An agricultural monthly, founded by R. L. V. Powis. Thomas W. Herringshaw was publisher in 1879. Thomas Owen, Jr., and Frederick Hankohl were editors in 1880, and the Farm, Field, and Fireside Publishing Company were publishers. By 1885 the name had been changed to Farm, Field, and Stockman, and the paper was being published by a stock company of which Powis was presi- dent. Gen. Charles H. Howard and James W. Wilson bought the paper from Powis in the fall of 1885. From that time until 1900 the Howard and Wilson Publishing Company issued the paper, with General Howard as principal owner and con- trolling editor. Upon acquiring the Farm, Field, and Stockman in 1885, the publishers immediately changed it to a weekly. Under the same name it was published until 1893, when the title was changed back to Farm, Field, and Fireside. In 1894 the Western Rural, a weekly, which had been published some twenty years by Milton George, was purchased by the Howard and Wilson Publishing Company. The two weeklies were published by this company untU 1900, when the business interests were divided. James W. Wilson took the Western Rural, sold his holdings in the publishing company, and it ceased to exist. The Howard Company purchased the Farm, Field, and Fireside and continued its publication till May, 1905. The president of this company and business manager was Otis McGaw Howard, son of General C. H. Howard, who was the treasurer. The secretary and associate editor was Miss Nina F. Howard. The Farm, Field, and Fireside Monthly was also published by the same com- pany from 1899 to 1905. Among those who were connected with the paper a number of years as agricultural editors were Jonathan Periam, P. H. Jacobs, Wm. B. Lloyd, and Allan S. Neilson. The paper was sold to Wm. A. Radford in 1905 and in 1906 it was changed to a monthly and combined with another paper and the name changed to the National Monthly Farm Press edited by Herbert Shearer. U Fashion Courier, 1 878(?) (?). H Freeman, 1878 to date (1881) : A Republican weekly. Good as Gold, i878(?) (?): Edited and published in 1878 by Mark M. Pomeroy. Graphic, 1878 to date (1895) : An illustrated weekly publication. Hoffman and Lederer were editors and publishers in 1879. It CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 141 was listed as a Republican paper with the Graphic Company editors and publishers, 1891-1895. Homeopathic Record, i878(?) (?): W. F. Morrison was editor and proprietor. Indicator, 1878 to date: Established by O. L. Fox, its present editor and proprietor. It was first issued as an art and music weekly. In 1880 it discarded art, and added piano and organ trade items. In 1907 it discarded music, and it has since been exclusively a piano and organ trade journal. Jewish Advance, 1878 to date (1881) : A Jewish weekly, printed in English and German. Rev. Henry Gersoni was editor, 1879- 1880, and Max Stem, publisher. H Journal or Freedom and Right, 1878 to date (1881) : A weekly, devoted to the liquor interests. Living Church, 1878-1907+: A weekly publication, devoted to the interests of the Episcopal church. It was established in Chicago by the Right Rev. Samuel S. Harris, D.D., LL.D., and the Rev. John Fulton, D.D. The paper passed into the hands of the Rev. C. W. LeflBngwell, D.D., 1879, ^^^ ^^ ^^^ editor and publisher until 1900. For a part of this time Arthur P. Sey- mour was associated in the business management. In 1907 the paper was removed to Milwaukee, where it is still published, dated for Milwaukee, Chicago and New York. Frederic Cook Morehouse is editor; the Young Churchman Company are publishers. H Manufacturers' Fire Insurance Guide, i878(?) to date (1879): R. A. Waller was publisher. Miller's National Magazine, October, 1878 ( ?) : A quar- terly publication. H Chicago Mining Review, 1878 to date: A mining and industrial journal published monthly. The Mining Review Publishing Company were editors and publishers in 1880. From 1880 to after 1886 the name was given as Mining Review. By 1907, the paper had become the Mining Review and Metallurgist. It was edited and published by Edward A. Taft. C Monitoren, i878(?) (?): L. P. Nelson was proprietor. National Laundry Journal, 1878 to date : A semi-monthly publi- cation devoted to trade. Charles Dowst was editor and pub- lisher from the beginning. E. S. Jefferson is mentioned as an editor in the city directory for 1879. In 1907 Charles Dowst was editor and president of the Dowst Brothers Company, pub- lishers. This has remained true to date. The Journal is "the first paper in the world to be devoted to the laundry trade." 142 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Newsboys' Appeal, i878(?) to date (1880): Albert Landon and Company were publishers in 1878; J. J. Tobias was editor in 1879; and Mrs. E. A. Forsyth was manager in 1880. North Side Reporter, i878-(after 1880) : A local paper. F. W- Brenckle was editor and publisher; later in 1879 Brenckle and Thomas P. Getzmere were editors ; Brenckle alone in 1880. H North-Western Commercial Traveler, 1878 to date (i88r) : A commercial monthly. It was edited and published by Hatch and Chase in 1879; by D. C. Chase in 1880. Our New Empire, 1878 to date (1879): A monthly publication. E, H. Briggs and W. W. Fithian were editors, and E. H. Briggs and Company were publishers in 1879. Our Picture Gallery, January-December, 1878+ : A monthly "for little folks." It was made up chiefly of stock wood cuts, with some second-reader rimes and anecdotes. Published by the Chicago Engraving Company. It was continued as H Picture Gallery for Young Folks, + December, 1878 to date (1881): A monthly publication devoted to juvenile interests. Mrs. D. N. Bash was editor, and the Chicago Engraving Company were publishers in 1880. Over Land and Sea, 1878 to date (1879) : A monthly literary pub- lication. The Over Land and Sea Company were editors and publishers in 1879. Pamphlet Mission, March-August, 18784- : At the end of the first volume of six monthly numbers this paper changed its form and became Unity, -t- September, 1878 to date: A paper devoted to the interests of the Unitarian church. At first issued monthly, it became semi-monthly in 1879, and weekly in 1885. In 1878 it was managed and edited by a committee of five : Rev. Robert Col- Iyer, Rev. J. Lloyd Jones, Rev. W. C. Gannett, Rev. C. W. Wendte, Rev. J. C. Leonard; Miss Frances L. Roberts was business agent. Rev. H. M. Simmons became managing editor in 1879. In 1881 Rev. J. L. Jones became editor. From 1881 to 1885 Unity was published by the Colgrove Book Company; from 1886 to 1893 by Charles H. Kerr and Company; from 1893 to date by the Unity Publishing Company. Charles H. Kerr be- came office editor in 1886, with Jenkin Lloyd Jones, David N. Utter and James V. Blake resident editors. Jenkin Lloyd Jones and W. Kent were editors, and the Unity Publishing Company were publishers in 1907. This periodical was published for a time, several years ago, with the tide The New Unity. Files are available at the Abraham Lincoln Centre, Chicago, and at Meadville College, Pennsylvania. HCW CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 143 Plattdeutsche Zeitung, 1878 to date (1881) : A German weekly. Edward Cook was editor and publisher in 1880. Railway Enterprise, i878(?)+: Published by Day K. Smith. It was apparendy combined in 1878 or 1879 with Railroader, and continued as Railroader and Railway Enterprise, +i878(?) to date(i879) : Issued monthly. It was dated from Chicago and Toledo in 1879. The Railroader Publishing Company were publishers. Railway Master Mechanic, 1878 to date: A monthly devoted to the interests of railroads. O. H. Reynolds was editor, and Bruce V. CrandaU Company were publishers until February, 1909, when they sold to the Railway List Company, which now pub- lishes the paper, with L. F. Wilson as editor. U Railway Purchasing Agent, 1878- January i, 1886+ : Edited and published by Willard A. Smith in 1879. Smith and Cowles were publishers in 1880. United with Railway Master Mechanic, January i, 1886. Willard A. Smith was publisher in 1886; the B. V. CrandaU Company were publishers in 1889, followed by the Railway Purchasing Agent Company, with E. N. Lewis as manager. Walter D. Crosman appeared as editor February, 1890, and a few months later as manager of the editorial depart- ment; Waldo H. Marshall, editor, 1892-1895; Railway List Company, publishers, Walter D. Crosman, editor, 1896-1900. William E. McGraw became manager in 1900; Bruce A. Cran- daU has been editor and publisher, 1900 to date, with various editors under him. J Railway Times, 1877 to date (1881) : A weekly, devoted to the in- terests of railroads. Real Estate Journal and Weekly Bulletin, i878(?) ( ?) : Published by the BuUetin Printing Company. Chicago Ribbon Review, March 24-October( ?), 1878-I- : " Devoted to temperance, science, literature and art." Published weekly by the Ribbon Publishing Company. In the thirty-second number the name had been changed to H Chicago Review, -f-October(?), 1878 to date (1879): A weekly devoted to temperance. W. C. Crum was editor and publisher in 1878. Charles C. M. Salvesen was editor and proprietor in 1 879-1 880. H ScHiBBOLOTH, i878( ?) ( ?) : Published by Lindahl and Setter- dahl. Sentinel, 1878 to date (1881) : A weekly Greenback paper. Sey- mour F. Norton was editor and publisher, 1 879-1 880. Socialist, 1878: An English organ of the Socialist Labor party, 1444 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS with Frank Hirth as editor, and A. R. Parsons assistant editor. Because of party strife the paper failed within the year, and Par- sons became editor of Alarm. Daily Telegraph, March 2, 1878-May 9, 1881+: Established by S. F. Norton as an organ of the Greenback-Labor party. After a few months William T. Collins purchased a large interest and made the paper Democratic. In the spring of 1881 the property was secured by the projectors of the Morning Herald. The last issue was dated May 9, 1881. The Herald began May 10 with Frank W. Palmer as editor-in-chief, with Will D. Eaton as assistant, and J. W. Scott publisher and business manager.. In 1882 Palmer retired; John F. BaUentyne became editor, with Slason Thompson and David Henderson assistants. Up to this time the Herald had been Republican; it now became Inde- pendent, with Republican proclivities. In August, 1883, John R. Walsh bought a controlling interest, which he, with James W. Scott and A. F. Hatch, held until after 1892. With this change in ownership the Herald became Democratic, with Mar- tin J. Russell as editor, assisted by Horatio W. Seymour. After two or three years Seymour became editor, and continued to serve as editor untU March 4, 1895, when the Herald vvas com- bined with the Times, and the two were continued in the Ttmes- Herald until March 28, 1901, when this paper was combined with the Record as Record-Herald. (See pp. 66, 127.) H Telskueren, 1878 to date (1880) : A Scandinavian paper published monthly. Louis Pio was editor and publisher, 1879-1880. Verdens Gang, 1878 to date: A Norwegian-Danish weekly Inde- pendent paper. In 1880 Nels Sampson and Company were editors and publishers. The Verdens Gang Company were publishers in 1907 and are still so. VoLKSEREUND, 1878 to date (x88o) : Published daily and Sunday. The Volksfreund Publishing Company were editors and pub- lishers in 1880. Edward Runnel was managing editor in 1879. Western Enterprise, i878(?) ( ?) : A monthly literary publi- cation, edited and published by John J. Sullivan. Westliche Schutze und Jagd Zeitung, 1878 ( ?) : A monthly German publication, devoted to sport. John J. Pinzel was editor and publisher in 1878. Witness, 1878 to date (1881): An evangelical weekly. Rev. Thomas J. Lamont was editor and publisher, 1879-1880. X. Y. L. N. T. Journal, i878(?) (?): Published by Henry Donohoe. Abbott's United States Monthly, i 879-1 884. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 145 ^TNA, i879'(?) ( ?) : An insurance publication, edited by Ira J. Mason. Although the issue for November 15, 1879 is labeled vol. 12, no. I, there is nothing to indicate that any numbers preceded this one. H Agriculture and Family Gazette, i879(?) (?): Mentioned only in the directory for 1879. Ray Lespinasse was manager. Amateur's Journal, 1879 (?): An amateur paper edited and published by Henry F. Donohoe. American Contractor, 1879 to date : A monthly devoted to trade, especially to furnishing "advance reports of building projects before the closing of contracts. B. Edwards and Company were publishers, 1895; American Contractor Company in 1899. H. A. Beckel was editor, and the American Contractor Publishing Company were publishers in 1907. American Graphic, 1879-1905: A society monthly. American Stockman, 1879 to date (1881) : A stock journal, edited by E. W. Perry, published by the American Stockman Com- pany; daily, semi-weekly, and weekly in 1880; weekly in 1881. Bible Class Scholar, 1879 to date (1881) : An evangelical quar- terly publication. Bookseller and Stationer, 1879 to B. p. Shaw was in the newspaper business in Illinois, except for about six months, from 1848 to 1909. In 1848 he began as an apprentice in the office of the Rock Island Advertiser, where he remained until the spring of 1851, when he took charge of the Dixon Telegraph and Lee County Herald, as editor and publisher. His connection with that paper is indicated above. He was active as editor until a short time before his death, September 18, 1909. i62 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Daily Whisper, June, 1855: Established by John D. Mackay. A small sheet issued irregularly, and for only a short time. Fremonter, July-November, 1856: A Republican campaign paper conducted by James H. Boyd, George Hudson, and B. F. Shaw. Monitor, 1858-1859: Published by Charles Meigs. Failed in November, 1858. E. B. Styles, J. V. Eustace and L. W. Ather- ton then bought the paper and prolonged its existence until 1859. Advertiser, 1858-1859: Edited by Eustace, Styles, and Atherton. Some time within his proprietorship of the Telegraph Boardman and Company purchased the press and material of the Adver- tiser. Weekly Herald, February, 1868-1869: Established by A. C. Bardwell. December, 1869, it was united with the Telegraph. Mr. Bardwell retired in June, 1871, having served for a time after the combination as editor of the Telegraph, and being suc- ceeded by B. F. Shaw. Lee County Democrat, July, 1868-1872+: Established by E. Giles. S. C. Postlewait was first editor and subsequently pro- prietor. W. M. Kennedy became proprietor and Eugene Pinck- ney, editor, November, 1871. It was changed to the Sun, March 5, 1872 to date: Established by W. M. Kennedy. After his death his widow, Inez Kennedy, conducted the paper until January, 1894, when she sold to J. T. Day. T. W. and E. C. Fuller became proprietors November 3, 1895; they sold to the DLxon Sun Company, October, 1906. Daily started December 23, 1893-February 24, 1894; October 15, 1894, to date. Weekly, changed to semi-weekly November, 1899. Dem- ocratic. SU Life in Dixon, December, 1868-^ (?): Established by James H. Boyd. Noah Brooks, W. W. Curtiss, Jason C. Ayers and B. F. Shaw were contributors. Rock River Farmer, January, 1871-1875-I- : Established by W. M. Kennedy. William H. Von Epps and W. B. Raynor were successive editors. Monthly. Changed to Western Farmer, -l-June, i875-i883(?): In 1879 W. M. Kennedy was editor and publisher. Discontinued between 1882 and 1884. Monthly. HU dolton, cook county Dolton-Riverdale Review, 1875 (?) : Charles A. Feistcorn was editor and publisher. Issued from the office of the Blue Island Herald. DtjQUOIN, perry county 163 DUNDEE, KANE COUNTY Advocate, 1859 (?): Established by E. J. Farnum. Short- lived. Weekly, 1866-1871: Established by P. D. Swick; succeeded by C. P. Thew and R. B. Brickley. Star, 1867- (?): Established by P. D. Swick, who was editor and publisher in 1869. Republican, (?) (?): Mentioned in Rowell for 1869 with no report. Listed by Cook and Cobum, 1869, as a weekly. Citizen, 1875-1876+: Formerly the Algonquin Ci^izew. Established by George Earlie. Removed to Elgin and later published as Elgin Free Press. Record, 1877 ( ?) : Issued by S. L. Taylor. The editor. Dr. E. T. Cleveland, purchased the paper, and continued it for several years before it died. DUNLEITH, JO DAVIESS COUNTY Commercial Advertiser, June, 1857-May, 1861 : The first five numbers were printed by Flaver Brothers in Dubuque. After August 12, printed by E. R. Paul in Dunleith, with Flaver Brothers still partly interested. They soon sold to J. R. Flynn. He soon retired, leaving Paul sole owner. United with the Galena Courier. DuQUOIN, PERRY COUNTY Mining Journal, 1858 (?): Edited by Paul Watkins. At first it was Republican in sentiment but became Democratic under the proprietorship of Alonzo Bennett. Its publication was suspended during the war. Tribune, 1863 to date : Established by A. J. Alden, and published for several years by Alden and Berry. In 1867 this paper " absorbed" the Recorder, and for about six months the combination was known as Tribune and Recorder. Then the name Tribune was reassumed. In 1870 Alden's interest was sold to J. T. Beem and C. P. Richards; in 1874 Berry retired; in 1887 John T. Beem became sole owner and editor and remains so. Repub- lican. Files in the ofiice. Stars and Stripes, 1864-1865+ : Edited and published by J. D. Mondy. After a few weeks George O. Ash and A. B. Bennett took charge of the paper. In eight months they were succeeded by W. A. Ballard and Company — J. E. Bowen was the " Com- pany." In eight months more Bowen retired, and Ballard changed the name to i64 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Recorder, +1865-1867+ : In 1867 sold to R. Berry, who fonned a partnership with A. J. Alden of the Tribune, and the two were consolidated. Progress, i865-i868(?) : Established by J. E. Bowen. At Bowen's death in 1868 the paper was published for a short time by his brother, Frank Bowen. The office was afterward sold and re- moved to Pinckneyville. Democratic. Republican, 1871-1873: Established by Messrs. Kimball and Taylor of Belleville. Frank R. O'Neil was editor and manager. In 1873 it failed simultaneously with the Union Newspaper Com- pany of Belleville, of which Kimball and Taylor were proprietors. News, 1874-1875: Established by Thomas K. Willoughby. In- dependent. In 1875 it was removed to Pinckneyville. (See Independent.) Perry County Press, 1879-1882: L. B. Laurence was editor; Curlee Brothers were publishers. DURAND, WINNEBAGO COUNTY Winnebago County Advertiser, 1869: Established by M. G. Sheldon. Patriot, 1875 to date (1879) : In 1879 it was edited and published by Charles E. Griswold. Independent, then Republican in politics. Enterprise, 1875 : J. Noonan Phillips and Henry Rulison were editors; J. N. Phillips was publisher. D WIGHT, LIVINGSTON COUNTY Star, 1868 to date: Established by C. M. Palmer, who was editor and publisher until at least 1879. In 1891 William G. Dustin became editor. In 1893 the subsciiption list of the Herald, a new paper, was purchased, and the name changed to Star and Herald. In 1906 it was owned by William G. Dustin and A. S. Holbrook. In the firm of Dustin and Holbrook, the former is editor, the latter publisher. Republican in politics. Files in office. Western Postal Review, i87s-i883(?): In 1879 H. A. Kenyon was editor; C. L. Palmer, publisher. Suspended between 1882 and 1884. Monthly. H Commercial, 1877 to date (1881): In 1879 C. M. Cyrus was editor and publisher. Courier, i 869( ?) ( ?) : Weekly. EARLVILLE, la SALLE COUNTY Gazette, 1868-1883 : Established and edited by C. B. Signor; con- tinued until 1883. Republican. EAST ST. LOUIS, ST. CLAIR COUNTY 165 Transcript, 1875 or 1876: Established and edited by Alonzo J. G rover, who made it "the vehicle for all his favorite ideas on human progress and elevation," thus winning a "national repu- tation" for what was "only a local paper." It lived three or four years. EAST ST. LOUIS, ST. CLAIR COUNTY American Bottom Gazette, 1841-1844: Edited by Sumrix and Jarrott. The oflSce was destroyed by a flood in 1844.^ Sunday Herald, May, 1865: Established by James L. Fawcett and issued on Saturdays. Gazette, June, 1866 to date: Established by John B. Bowman and controlled by him until his death, November, 1885; edited and published by John Macauley and Joseph Crabb. Crabb soon sold to Louis Straub. In 1871 a stock company bought the paper, which was conducted by William O'Neil, editor and pub- lisher. John Macauley became publisher in 1873; he also edited the paper with the assistance of James W. Kirk. In 1874 William O'Neil again controlled the paper, with James W. Kirk as editor. John Haps published and James W. Kirk edited it in 1876. H. D. O'Brien was editor and publisher from 1877 to 1880. Established as a weekly; a tri-weekly was begun in 1876, and a daily was published for a short time in 1877. It is now published as a weekly by John H. Suess. U Herald, i869(?) (?): Given in the 1869 Rowell directory. People's Gazette, 1871-1872 + : Owned and published by a stock company, with various members as editor until 1872, when a Mr. Saltiel acquired it and changed the name to Press, -f-1872-1877: Saltiel was succeeded by W. B. Fairchild. He yielded to Mr. Smith in 1874, and in 1875 H. D. O'Brien bought it. In 1877 he merged it in the Gazette. A daily was issued for a few months in 1874. U National Stock Yard Reporter, November, 1873-1874: Estab- lished by John Haps and Company. Only three numbers were published in 1873. It was revived to the extent of two numbers in 1880. St. Clair Tribune, February, 1875-1876 : Established by Willis E. Finch and Brother. "Republican, Protestant and Progres- sive." Discontinued after one year. St. Louis Railway World, 1876-1877: Established by H. D. O'Brien, who after a year sold to a similar publication in St. Louis, Missoiui. ^See lUinoistown and footnote, p. 202. i66 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS The National, August, 1878: A paper established by Archibald A. Hamilton to advocate financial reform, especially theories of fiat money. Short-lived. The Future Great, 1878: An amateur paper, established by Sikking and Jackiven. Popular, but short-lived. Dot Paper, 1878: A short-lived imitation of the Carl Pretzel ideal of journalism. Herald, March, i878-(after 1895): Established by Harney and Tissier; editedbyMauriceF.Tissier from 1883 (?). Demo- cratic. Western Live Stock Journal, July, 1879 (?): Established by H. D. O'Brien, with Y. M. Langdon as editor and part owner. In 1880 Langdon bought O'Brien's interest, and in 1881 sold it to S. J. E. Rawling. Apparently discontinued before 1882. EDWARDSVILLE, MADISON COUNTY Spectator, 1819-1826: Edited by Hooper Warren, assisted by George Churchill, 1819-1825 ; Thomas Lippincott and Jeremiah Abbott, 1825-1826. It was the third paper published in the State. The Spectator strongly opposed the convention of 1824. " It was the first distinctively anti-slavery paper ever published in the State." ^ Vol. 3, no. 141, February 19, 1822, is in the office of the Republican. The last number was issued October 20, 1826. EMHA Star of the West, 1822-1823+ : Published by Miller and Stine, who represented the leading Democratic citizens of the place. It was the fourth paper then published in the State — these in the order of establishment were the Intelligencer, Vandalia; Gazette, Shawneetown ; Spectator and Star of the West, Edwards- ville. After six months the Star of the West went into the hands of Thomas J. McGuire and Company, who issued the M Illinois Republican, -I- 1823- July 28, 1824: Like the Star of the West, the Republican was pro-slavery. During the convention contest, April, 1822, to August, 1824, Judge Theophilus W. Smith and Emanual J. West were the leading editors, who endeavored to counteract the influence of the Spectator. SM iLLpois Corrector, 1827-1828: Edited by R. K. Fleming, who, in 1828, moved back to Kaskaskia and published the Reporter. It was a pro-slavery paper and strongly supported Jackson for president. H CRisis,Aprili4-February,i83i-f: Edited by S.S.Brooks; evidently the mouthpiece of Theophilus W. Smith.^ After thirty-four numbers the name was changed to H 'Washburn, Edwards Papers, 329n. 'See Sidney Breeze to Ninian Edwards, in Washburn, Edwards Papers, 544. EDWARDSVILLE, MADISON COUNTY 167 Illinois Advocate, +February, 1831-1832+ : Established, edited, published by John York Sawyer and Jonathan Angevine, the establishment passed into the hands of John York Sawyer. J. Angevine was associated with Mr. Sawyer for a year. When Mr. Angevine retired, William Peach became a partner. Sawyer removed the establishment in December, 1832, to Vanda- lia, the State capital. Mr. Sawyer merged the Western Plowboy in the Advocate, and in 1839 the paper was removed to Spring- field. Sturdily Democratic-Republican in politics (See State Register.) HM Western Ploughboy, January i, 1 831- January 17, 1832: An agricultural paper edited and published by John York Sawyer, and issued semi-monthly, except that one month elapsed be- tween the second and third nimibers. Twenty-five numbers of eight two-column pages were issued, after which the paper was merged in the Advocate, one page of which was thereafter given up to such agricultural matters as had previously appeared in the Ploughboy. This was the second agricultural paper issued west of the Alleghanies ; it was the first in Illinois. " When it is recollected that only one agricultural paper (the Western Tiller) is printed west of the Alleghanies, and that most of the works on agriculture treat generally on the manner of improving the soil rather than selecting the most profitable crop, it will be seen that we have engaged in no trifling affair." (Item, March 12, 1832.) The paper was printed by S. S. Brooks in the Advo- cate oflSce. A file, lacking the first number, is in the library at the University of Illinois. MU Western Weekly Mirror, 1838-1840-I- : Edited by James Rug- gles, and devoted to the introduction and propagation of a uni- versal language. Changed to Sovereign People, -f-1840-1841 : Edited by James Ruggles. Madison County Record, 1850-1851 : The first editors and publishers were Dallam and Ruggles; next Ruggles and L. E. Smith ; next Smith and David GUlespie, under whom its publi- cation ceased. Ruggles went to Henry, Marshall county, and foimded the Courier (which see). Madison County Enquirer, 1853-1856: Edited by Theodore Terry. Democratic. It was suspended for a time and appeared again as the Press. Madison Advertiser, 1856-1865-I- : Founded by James R. Brown, who after four issues sold to O. C. Dake. His successors were Joseph L. Krafft; William G. Pinckart; Frank Springer, 1861- 1862; Thompson and Dunnegan; Thompson alone, December, 1861-1865; and Whitman and Crabb. Whig. Changed to i68 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Madison County Courier, + October 12, 1 865-1 869: Published by J. D. Whitman and Mr. Crabb. Crabb soon retired and J. D. Whitman published the paper alone until October 5, 1869, when he suspended publication and sold the material to S. V. Cross- man. Weekly Madison Press, August 17, 1858-1862: This paper was established and published by Theodore Terry and James R. Brown. Brown retired December 15, 1858. It favored Democ- racy. There is a partial file in office of Intelligencer. Intelligencer, November 12, 1862 to date: Named for the Illinois Intelligencer and published by James R. Brown and Henry C. Barnsback, with George B. Burnett, editor. After four months Barnsback retired. Brown continued the paper until his death in 1882, and made it the spokesman of his party in Madison county. In January, 1883, the paper was purchased by Charles Boeschenstein, who merged with it the Highland Herald, which he published at Highland. He issued the Intelligencer weekly until January, 1893, when it appeared semi-weekly. Beginning January, 1903, it was issued every other day, and in January, 1907, it was made a daily. Files of the Intelligencer and partial files of the Madison Press are in the oflSce. Republican, July i, 1869 to date: Established and published by S. V. Crossman until his death in July, 1875; afterward one year by the S. V. Crossman Printing Company, R. B., T. M. and W. R. Crossman; two years by O. S. Reed and Company; purchased July i, 1879, by sons of the founder, T. M. and W. R. Crossman, and operated by them until September, 1907, when W. R. Crossman purchased interest of T. M. Crossman. Weekly until March i, 1907, when it was changed to a twice-a-week edition. For a short time beginning July 16 or 17, 1876, it was published daily. Has been Republican since its founding. Files at the ofiice. Madison County Bote, -f 1869-1873: A continuation of High- land Bote, removed by B. E. Hoffman from Highland. In 1870 sold to E. G. Wolf and Frank Haag. In 1873 publication was suspended; the material reverted to Mr. Hoffman who sold it to Captain Anthony Neustadt of CoUinsville. German, Democratic. Our Times, October 2, 1872-1881 : A. W. Angier and T. S. Angier were editors and publishers. In 1881 it was sold to Messrs. Price and Simcox. In a month or so Price withdrew, and in another month Simcox took E. W. Anderson as a partner. In three months the latter retired. In two months Simcox sold a half- interest to Joseph S. Umberger. In May, 1881, the name was EFFINGHAM, EFFINGHAM COUNTY i^ changed to Edwaxdsville Times, 1881-1882. In 1882 Ansel L. Brown purchased the paper and changed the name to Democrat. A. L. Brown is still editor. Madison County Anzeiger, May 7, 1875-1879: A German paper published by C. Lohmann and Son, with C. Lohmann as editor. In 1878 H. C. Lohmann retired; Mr. Lohmann, Sr., continued the paper for but a short time thereafter. A paper bearing the same name was established in 1881. At first Independent, but in 1876 Republican. EFFINGHAM, EFFINGHAM COUNTY Pioneer, +1860-1861+ : Moved from Ewington by J. W. Filler. Sold to Dr. T. G. Vandever in April, 1861, who combined it with the Gazette, + April, 1860-1861 + : Established by L. M. Rose, who soon sold to Vandever. The two papers fuse in the Unionist, + October, 1861-1862 + : At first run by Filler and Van- dever; then by Vandever. Bought in 1862 by John Hoeny, who reverted to the title Gazette, +1 862-1865+ : Burned out in October, but soon con- tinued. In i864(?) L. Hommes became associated with Hoeny, and the paper was published half English, half German for six months. In 1865 Hoeny sold to Hays and Bowen, who changed the name to Effingham County Democrat, -I-1865-1868+ : Filler resumed control in 1865, and continued until 1868, when the office was sold to H. C. Bradsby, who changed the name to Democrat, -I-1868 to date: In April, 1870, Bradsby sold to J. C. Brady; Hoeny again owned the paper awhile ; then Hoeny and George M. LeCrone; then LeCrone and Owen Scott; then Scott alone. George M. LeCrone bought the paper again and is still editor and publisher. Register, November, 1864-1872: Established by William Had- dock, who conducted the Register as a Republican paper for eight years. He supported Greeley for president in 1872, which cost him the suspension of his paper in October of that year. He moved the office to Champaign and started the Times. Republican, August, 1872 to date : Established by M. B. and Elgin Martin at the instigation of those Republicans who were out of sympathy with the Register. Sold in October, 1873, to H. C. Painter, who conducted it until some time in the '80s by a Mr. Gowell; sold in 1892 to Effingham Printing Company, with R. F. Lawson as editor; sold in 1898 to Sumner Clark, with Homer Clark as editor. U I70 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS VoLKSBLATT, Junc, 1878 to date: A German paper edited by A. Gravenhorst. Until October, 1882, it was printed in Milwaukee. A. H. Gravenhorst became part owner in 1895 and the paper has since then been conducted by A. Gravenhorst and Son. Demo- cratic. Southern Illinois Farmer, 1879-1881 : J. P. M. Howard was editor; J. P. M. Howard, Son and Company, publishers. A monthly publication. ELDORADO, SALINE COUNTY Journal, 1874 to date (1875): Edited and published in 1875 by A. J. Alden. It was printed at the office of the Vienna Johnson County Journal. ELGIN, KANE COUNTY Western Christian, i.845-(after 1849) : A Baptist and anti-slavery paper, published by a stock company and edited by Rev. A. J. Joslyn, Rev. Wareham Walker, and Spencer Carr. Removed to New York. HF Gazette, 1847-1874-f : Established by Eliphalet Owen. A strong paper that "held the local field against all comers." In early years much attention was given to religion and literature. Zenos Eastman was publisher for awhile and W. R. Finch one of the editors. George H. Daniels was also connected with it. It had much influence in the early days of the Republican party, of the principles of which party it was a vigorous advocate. Merged with the Advocate May 30, 1874. EHANF Fox River Courier, 1851-1852 : A Whig paper that had but a short existence. NW Illinois Weekly Palladium, 1853-1856-f : Edited by a Mr. Hough, 1853; H. A. Hough and J. H. Rowe, 1854; Gerhard gives Rowe and Joslyn as publishers in 1856. Name changed to Kane County Journal, +1856: Sold to Lyman and Smith and soon discontinued. Campaign Observer, 1858 : A Democratic campaign paper, edited by a lawyer named Grosoevor and a Mr. Willis. It was printed in Chicago. Second District Democrat, 1863-1865 -t- : Published by Benjamin W. Staniforth and edited by Edward Keogh. Changed in 1865 to Chronicle, -f- 1865-1868 -F : Democratic. Published by Edward Keogh until 1867, when it was sold to E. C. Kincaid. He changed its name to ELGIN, KANE COUNTY 171 Watchman, +1868 (?): Under this name it was continued for two or three years as a Republican paper. Advocate, 1871 to date: Established by Stephen L. Taylor. Ab- sorbed the Gazette in 1874. Sold to A. H. Lowrie in 1882 and later consolidated with the Daily News. Both the Advocate and the News are now published by Lowrie and Black. A daily edition was begun in 1 88 1. Republican. HU Lady Elgin, 1872-1878: A monthly publication devoted to the interests of watch factory workers. Edited and published by Bertha H. Ellsworth, Alida V. Able, and Lydia A. Richards. Dial, i872(?) (?): A monthly devoted to watch factory in- terests. Short-lived ; a contemporary of Lady Elgin. D Times, 1874 ( ?) : Edward Keogh was owner and editor. The paper became a daily in 1875. It was successively Democratic, Greenback, and Independent, and survived several years. U Informer, i874-i877(?): A monthly publication "devoted to peace, temperance, purity, and health/' by Amasa Lord. Not extant in 1878. Gospel Trumpet, 1874 ( ?) : A monthly publication, not ex- tant in 1878. Daily Bluff City, 1874-1878: The first daily paper in Elgin. Established by Dudley Randall ; Christie Brothers were its last owners, during a part of which ownership, Charles E. Gregory was editor, succeeded by W. J. Anderson. Consolidated with News April 22, 1878. Republican. U Republic, 1874-1877-f- : Established and edited by George E. Earlie. Issued a daily through the campaign. Sold in 1877 to Dr. C. Stoddard Smith and renamed Free Press, -f-1877: It was soon discontinued. Daily Dud, 1875 : A short-lived paper started by Dudley Randall after he had closed his connection with the Daily Bluff City. News, 1876 to date: Established chiefly by Carlos H. Smith. Sold in 1880 to John K. LeBaron, after various changes in manage- ment, and in September, 1883, the Advocate (the daily edition of which had a little previously been discontinued) and the Daily News were consolidated and for a time published by Lowrie and LeBaron. LeBaron had been conducting the Dollar Weekly News and the Send-Weekly Envoy in connection with the Daily News. Lowrie soon became sole owner of both Advocate and News; in 1886 S. J. Tomlinson bought a half interest. He sold in 1887 to Willis B. Black, who with Mr. Lowrie continues the publication. Republican. P 172 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Informer, January, 1876 (?): A monthly reform paper, edited by Amasa Lord and a staff of department editors. De- voted to health, temperance, religion, agriculture, etc. U Times, 1875 ( ?) : Daily. Glocke, 1878 (?): A German weekly of which Joseph Bis- chofi was editor and publisher. It had been discontinued be- fore 1 88 1. New Era, 1878: W. D. Ringland was editor and publisher. The paper was short-lived. Leader, 1878-1884-^ : Removed to Elgin from St. Charles by Hiram N. Wheeler, later of Quincy. Sold to J. N. Wheeler, who changed the name to Morning Frank. In 1884 it was bought by Will S. Doherty and H. D. Hemmens and the name changed to Courier, Republican. Doherty died in 1886 and Hemmens con- ducted the paper until 1903, when the Courier Publishing Com- pany was organized by him and others, and Albert L. Hall was made editor and manager. In July, 1909, Ira C. Copley bought the paper and merged with it the Press, which he already owned. Daily and weekly ; Democratic. ELIZABETHTOWN, HARDIN COUNTY Hardin Mineral, 1870-1871 : Solomon S. Burke, then S. S. Burke and Son were editors and publishers. Hardin Gazette, i87i-(after 1882): Edited by James A. Lowry, published by E. E. Welch, 1873-1874; edited and published by James 'A. Lowry, 1875 (?). At first Dem.ocratic; after- ward neutral. Apparently discontinued in 1883. ELMWOOD, PEORIA COUNTY Observer and Peoria County Advertiser, January 6, 1858- (?): Established by John Regan. F Chronicle, 1861-1871+ : O. F. Woodcock was editor and pub- lisher in 1869-1870. Republican. Changed to Chronicle and Herald, +1871-1872+ : By 1873 it was changed back to Chronicle, 4- 1873: Edited by Davison and Son. Republican. Messenger, 1874-1902: John Regan was editor and publisher until after 1884; J. B. Sprawls, 1892; Louis E. O'Brien, 1895. Discontinued August 28, 1902. Republican. U INDUSTRL4L JOURNAL, 1874 to date (1875) : Published by J. A. and J. L. Somerby. Gazette, +1879 to date : Established by Robert E. Miller in Brim- field in 1875, and moved by him to Elmwood, where it was first EUREKA, WOODFORD COUNTY 173 issued July 10, 1879. It was soon sold to W. E. Phelps, who in July, 1883, sold to M. H. Spence, the present editor and pub- lisher. EL PASO, WOODFORD COUNTY Gazette, February i, 1863 (?): Established by Robert Cauch. Probably short-lived. Journal, April 5, 1865 to date: Established by John S. Harper, who in a short time gave way to J. W. Wolfe. By 1868 William H. Addis and Brother were editors and publishers; E. F. Bald- win and Gershom Martin took the plant in December, 1868; Baldwin withdrew, March 30, 1871 ; then on October 10, 1872, he supplanted Martin. J. B. Barnes became a partner in 1874. Irving Carrier and H. R. Coleman succeeded Baldwin and Barnes; W. G. Randall replaced Carrier January i, 1879. In 1883 A. L. Hereford became owner. W. D. Meek bought a half interest in 1884, and the other half in 1885. He sold to A. O. Rupp in 1887, and Rupp to G. R. Curtiss February 11, 1889. R. J. Evans became a partner next day. Evans retired in Sep- tember, 1904, and G. R. Curtiss has continued sole owner, editor and publisher. Patriot : A paper published in the '60s by a Mr. Fiske. ENFIELD, AVHITE COUNTY Journal, 1874 (?): A weekly established by Lemuel Potter. The same year it was purchased by Odell and Houser. Odell retired in 1875. The paper was soon discontinued. Open Door, -|-May, 1879: Formerly the Golden Ride, established in the interest of the General Baptist Church, published by Elder John E. Cox. An advocate of open communion. Semi-monthly. ENGLEWOOD, COOK COUNTY South Side Record, 1875-1876: I. L. Vansant was editor; Van- sant and Company were publishers. ERIE, WHITESIDE COUNTY Bulletin, 1874-187 7: Established by John Spaulding. H. K. Wells bought the paper and published it for about two years. Independent, 1878 to date: Established by George W. Guernsey. Bought in 1885 by W. M. Patrick, and in 1889 by C. D. Hannon, the present owner and editor. Files from 1889 at the office. Files before that date destroyed. EUREKA, WOODFORD COUNTY Christian Herald, i864-(after 1869): A monthly, edited and published in 1869 by Dudley Downs and John W. Karr. 174 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Woodford Journal, 1868 to date: Established as an Independent paper by John W. Karr. Bought in 1874 by Robert N. Radford, who sold an interest to E. J. Davidson in 1881; Radford and Davidson were editors and publishers until 1892, when the paper was sold to B. J. Radford, Sr. In 1899 he bought the Democrat from F. A. Shafer and combined the two as Democrat-Journal, which had been edited and published since that time by his three sons, W. M., C. T., and B. J. Radford, Jr., and his nephew, C. A. Radford. August i, 1909, the management was turned over to B. J. Radford, Jr., by C. A. Radford. Woodjord was dropped from the title in 1877. Democratic. EVANSTON, COOK COUNTY Suburban Idea, 1864: Established by Rev. Nathan Sheppard as a local paper. Continued for one year. EvANSTONiAN, 1870: Edited and published by Frank Leland. Short lived. Tripod, January, 1871-1881 : A monthly edited and published by the literary societies of Northwestern. United with Vidette in 1 881 to form Northwestern. Real Estate News, 1871-1873: Published at irregular intervals by L. C. Pitner. Index, June 8, 1872 to date: Established by Alfred L. Sewell. Printed in Chicago until June, 1873. In November, 1875, John A. ChUds and David Cavan bought the paper; and in January, 1878, Childs became sole proprietor. The Evanston Index Company was formed January i, 1887, with Mr. Childs as controlling stockholder. Albert H. Bowman became con- nected with the paper in 1903 ; he sold stock to Childs in 1908. James R. Paul has been editor since 1906. U Lake Breeze, May, 1874-April, 1875 : A literary college monthly, published by Harry W. Taylor, for one year. Files owned by Evanston Historical Society. Herald, 1875-1876: Edited and published by Fillmore and Gray. Sold to Index. U Vidette, 1878-1881: A semi-monthly college paper edited and published by students in Northwestern University. Combined with Tripod in 1881 to form Northwestern. File in Evanston Historical Society Library. EWING, FRANKLIN COUNTY Baptist Banner, i 874-1 876: Keeley and Allen were editors and publishers in 1875 ; C. J. Keeley alone in 1876. FAIRFIELD, WAYNE COUNTY 175 EWINGTON, EFFINGHAM COUNTY Pioneer, 1856-1860+: Established by William B. Cooper; ap- parently he sold to J. W. Filler, who moved the paper to Effingham. F EXETER, SCOTT COUNTY Battle Axe, July-October 16, 1841: Established by Joseph W. Ormsbee, who used it to advocate the repudiating of the public debt. He soon sold to James Monroe Ruggles, who removed it to Winchester after the sixteenth number. The subtitle of the sheet was Political Rejormer. FAIRBURY, LIVINGSTON COUNTY Journal, April 15, 1866-1872: Established by Otis M. Eastman and edited and published by him until the paper was absorbed by the Independent. Republican. Independent, April 14, 1871-January 6, 1877+ : Established bj O. J. and L. W. Dimmick. Conducted by them until October 6, 1876, when they sold to Bassett and Price. W. H. Price bought his partner's interest on October 28, 1876, and on December 2 sold to John S. Scibird. The paper was consolidated by him with the Blade on January 6, 1877. T^iviNGSTON County Blade, November 6, 1876-January 6, 1877 + : Established by C. B. Holmes, with M. W. Riley as editor. Holmes sold to John S. Scibird on January 6, 1:877, and the paper was consolidated with Independent as Independent-Blade, +January 6, 1877-July 12, 1884+ : John S. Scibird continued as editor until 1880, when he was succeeded by his son, Ed. A. Scibird, who continued until July 12, 1884, when C. E. Carter bought the paper and changed the name to Blade. T. E. Dubois bought out Carter March 10, 1888, and remained editor and publisher until 1892, when he sold to D. A. Fraley. November 4, 1893, Fraley sold to Shankland and Price, and August 4, a Mr. Fulton bought Price's interest. G. A. Sut- ton bought Shankland's interest November 11, 1898, and the paper has since that time been published by Fulton and Sutton, and edited by Mr. Fulton. Republican. Bound files in the office. FAIRFIELD, WAYNE COUNTY Independent Press, 1852-1855 -f: John M. Walden was editor and A. A. Stickney publisher. Gerhard gives F. C. Mawley as publisher. It was Democratic in its sympathies. Changed to Illinois Patriot, -I-1855-1856: It was also a Democratic paper edited by C. T. Lichtenberger. 176 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS News, 1856 : Edited by James H. Smith. It was a non-partisan paper. Gazette, 1858: Edited by A. S. Tilden. It advocated "State Sovereignty and Popular Rights." Prairie Pioneer, 1858-1866: Published and edited in 1858 by Joe M. Pryor, who retired February 2, 1859. William Lloyd Carter began publishing the paper February 22, 1859, and was succeeded in the editorial chair by J. D. Lichtenberger, October 20, 1859. Miles B. Friend was for a short time in partnership with Carter, March, 1859. March 15, i860, Theodore Edmondson became the publisher and W. L. Carter was again editor. Edmondson was succeeded as publisher by Benson T. Atherton, August, i860. October 12, 1862, the Pioneer suspended publication, to be revived by J. D. Lichtenberger. Then Atherton again tried to make it live, but September, 1863, practically closed its career. In 1862, however. Dr. Sibley had purchased Lichtenberger's interest, and, associating with himself R. B. ScheU, continued the paper off and on till 1866, "on a red hot loyal platform". War Democrat, January, 1864-1866+ : Established by C. I. Wil- mans, who in February, 1864, associated C. W. Sibley in the pub- lication. The paper was Democratic but favored the war- WUmans retired early, leaving Sibley in charge, but returned as Sibley's associate, August, 1864, and remained until February, 1865. C. W. Sibley was succeeded in 1865 by his father, C. Sibley, who in the same year sold to D. W. Barkley. January, 1866, Barkley took RevUl into partnership and changed the name to Wayne County Press, +1866 to date : Under Barkley and Revill, the paper was neutral in politics. Revill retired and Barkley associated with himself his brother, O. F. Barkley. Afrer a time D. W. Barkley purchased his brother's interest. Under Barkley the Press left its neutral ground, and became, especially in 1868, a strong Republican organ. After this, however, and until 1876, it was a "Granger." It returned in 1876 to the Republican party. On July 2, 1887, Mr. Barkley sold the paper to W. M. Goudy and O. F. Barkley, the latter selling his interest to Mr. Goudy in May, 1889. Mr. Goudy sold October 4, 1909, to E. H. Childress and W. M. Knodell. Mr. Childress is editor. Democrat, 1868-1881 + : Established bv George W. Bates and Mr. Holmes, July 3, 1868. The office had been purchased and brought to Fairfield by R. F. Brown, who abandoned the enter- prise before it was fairly launched. It was then run successively by John Moffit, C. J. Wilmans, Isaac M. Stanley, R. B. Schell, FARMER CITY, DeWITT COUNTY 177 MUes B. Friend, and Joe V. Baugh; 1871-1872, C. E. Sibley and R. B. Schell were proprietors. In 1875, Brown came into pos- session again, and sold the paper to Oliver Holmes. After chang- ing hands frequently it was sold finally by Wilmans to Ed. Mc- Clung in 1881, when the paper was consolidated with the Record. Wayne County Republican, i875-i876(?): A Republican paper edited by Frank Israel and C. E. Wolfe, and published by C. E. Wolfe. U Republican, 1878 (?): Established by Ross Robinson. A radical paper, bought by D. W. Barkley and discontinued in a short time. Register, September, 1879 -|- '• Established by Joseph D. Carter and Will M. Goudy. Democratic in politics. It was published until December, when it was purchased by Ed. McClung and changed to the Record, -1- December, 1879 to date: Originally the Register, pur- chased by Edward McClung. In 1881 McClung consolidated with the Record the weekly Democrat, at that time owned and edited by Wilmans. In 1889 Mr. McClung sold a half interest to John M. Rapp, and in 1892 sold the whole plant to Mr. Rapp, who is editing and publishing the paper at this time. Democratic in politics. FARINA, FAYETTE COUNTY News, 1877 to date: Established by Ed. Freeman and soon dis- continued. It was succeeded, about 1880, by Echo, published by J. S. Grant. He sold to W. R. Hancock, and Hancock sold to C. R. Davis in 1882. Davis changed the name to News, and in 1902 sold to M. C. Barbee and E. B. Pribble. They sold to W. C. Cimningham and he in July, 1903, to A. S. and C. D. Coon. A. S. Coon became sole owner in March, 1905. Republican to 1902, thenceforward Independent. FARMER CITY, DeWITT COUNTY Republican, i 869-1 87 2 + : Established by John S. Harper, propri- etor and editor. He published it until 1872 and sold it to Messrs. Cummings and Wilkinson, who changed the name to the Orthorspor, +1871-1872: Published by Cummings and Wilkins, edited by Wilkins. Soon after the change of name, J. W. Rich- ardson became local editor and manager. After a career of six months Mr. Richardson moved the Orthorspor out of the county. Real Estate Index, i 87 i ( ?) : Published by W. H. Anderson. A small advertising sheet, which had a brief existence. 178 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Journal, November, 1872 to date: Established by John S. Harper. After two years, it was bought by O. J. Smith and J. R. Robin- son, who made it the organ of the Granger element. Before issuing any numbers of the paper these gentlemen sold out to W. L. Glessner, whose brother, L. C. Glessner, then took a half interest and assumed charge of the paper. The first issue by the Glessners was October 15, 1874. In June, 1877, L. C. Gles- ner bought his brother's interest and had sole charge until Feb- urary, 1879, when the office was moved to Carlinville, Macou- pin county, whence the paper was issued as the Herald. The Journal was continued after 1879 by W. C. Devore. In 1887 it was sold by Mr. Devore to M. V. Zimmerman, who in November, 1 891, sold it to E. A. and C. L. Wood. In June, 1893, E. A. Wood sold to W. C. Devore, who in 1894 sold to C. L. Wood. In 189s Mr. Wood sold to F. S. Nutt and B. B. Bates. Mr. Nutt died in November, 1896, and was succeeded by his brother S. E. Nutt, who in March, 1897, sold to E. A. Williams. The present proprietors of the Journal are Williams and Bates. It was In- dependent in politics with a slight Democratic tendency under Glessner. In 1882 it was the recognized organ of Republicanism in northern DeWitt county. Files for ten years at the office. Herald, September, 1873-1875 : Established by W. C. Devore and Paul J. Clifford, who sold out after two years to Whetzell Brothers. They continued the paper six weeks and then moved it to Lovington, Moultrie county, there issuing the Lovington Index. After six months Devore reassumed possession and continued the paper as the Lovington Free Press until 1879, when he returned to Farmer City and revived the Journal, as above stated. Eagle, 1874 (?): Started by John S. Harper; soon sold to G. W. Armstrong. Reporter, 1878-August, 1880: Established by Albion Smith, editor and proprietor, in the fall of 1878; continued tiU August, 1880, when the office and material were destroyed by fire. Public Reaper, 1878-1882; 1883-1892: Wesley Clearwaters, publisher; R. M. Ewing, editor. January i, 1881, M. L. Griffith became publisher, Reuben Clearwaters, editor. In 1882 Reuben Clearwaters sold to R. M. Ewing, who, with M. L. Griffith, moved the plant to Clinton and conducted the DeWitt County Republican one year. It was then moved back to Farmer City by Mr. Ewing, who continued as proprietor until 1890, when he sold to Frank L. Gillespie. After several changes of ownership it was moved to Urbana in 1892 by Harry and Will Altizer and became the Messenger. Independent in politics. FORRESTON, OGLE COUNTY 179 FARMINGTON, FULTON COUNTY Journal, 1856-1857: Established by Mr. Brown; in 1858 edited and published by William H. Worrell. A. K. Montgomery had an interest at one time. Democratic in politics. F Times, 1865-1870 : Established by E. H. Phelps, editor of Lewistown Union. Printed at Lewistown. In 1870 Bryant and Phelps were editors and publishers. Poultry Record, 1872-1874: Established by C. W. Heaton. Merged into the American Poultry Journal at Chicago. News, 1874-1879 : Established by J. D. Hurd, editor and publisher. Discontinued December, 1879. Democratic in politics. Semi- weekly. Succeeded by the People, January, 1 880-1 881 . Repub- lican. Lived one year. Dr. J. A. Brown was editor. FLORA, CLAY COUNTY Southern Illinois Journal, 1870 to date: Edited and published by Wilson and Clarkson, 1871; J. K. Clarkson, 1872-1873; M. L. Wilson, 1874; Wilson and Whitting, 1875 ; M. L. Wilson, 1876; A. H. Reed was editor and publisher, 1877-1879; A. H. Reed and F. B. Hitchcock, editors, A. H. Reed, publisher, 1880; F. B. Hitchcock, editor, Hopkins and Hitchcock, publishers, 1882; George M. Clark, 1884, A. H. Reed, editor, Reed and Wolf publishers, 1891 ; A. H. Reed, editor, A. H. Reed and Com- pany, publishers, 1895 ; J.J. Picket was editor and publisher in 1902, succeeded by T. B. Greenlaw in 1903. B. M. Maxey had been editor and publisher since 1904. Republican. Monthly Letter Box, 1873-1874: M. L. WOson was editor and publisher. True Workman, 1874: M. L. Wilson was editor and publisher. Monthly, illustrated. FORRESTON, OGLE COUNTY Journal, April, 1867-1874: Established by Messrs. M. V. Saltz- man and M. M. Mathews. In June, 1867, Mathews retired and Saltzman continued until 1870, when C. F. Dore acquired an interest. Dore sold to J. W. Clinton in the same year. In 1872 Clinton purchased Saltzman's interest and in 1873 sold the paper to G. L. Bennett. In 1874 I. B. Bickford purchased the ofl&ce and moved it to Byron, where he established the Byron News. Herald, 1875 to date: Established by a stock company with F. N. Tice as editor. In 1876 Chas. E. Slocum became proprietor, and in 1880 he was editor and publisher; L. E. Burrows, 1882; T. F. HaUer, 1892-1895. U i8o ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS Farmers' Criterion, 1878 (?): Edited and published by D. O. Lantz. Monthly. FRANKLIN GROVE, LEE COUNTY Gazette, 1868 or i869(?): Printed in Dixon; lived only a few months. Reporter, August, 1869 to date: Established by John Blocher, editor and proprietor. At the close of its second year, D. H. Spickler bought the paper and published it till May, 1875, when T. W. Scott became the proprietor. Scott sold to D. B. Senger August 5, 1876, who retained possession about thirteen years. Afterward G. W. Gaven continued the management until August, 1904, when C. A. Bancroft bought him out. E. P. Harrison assumed control as editor in March, 1906. Lee County Enterprise, June, 1879-November, 1880: Edited throughout its existence by P. O. Sproul. FREEPORT, STEPHENSON COUNTY Prairie Democrat, 184 7-1 853+ : A Democratic paper established and run by Stephen D. Carpenter, 184 7-1850; J. O. P. Bum- side, 1850-1852; George Ordway, 1852-1853. In 1853 it again fell into the possession of Mr. Bumside and he changed its name to F Bulletin, +1853 to date : Mr. Bumside was succeeded in its publi- cation by Messrs. Brag, Brawley and Bagg; Giles and Scroggs, 1861-1864; J. R. Scroggs, 1864-1869; W. T. Giles, 1869-1873; C. C. Shuler and John W. Potter, 1 873-1 874; John W. Potter, 1874-1885; O. T. Potter, 1885-1894^ H. Pofifenberger, P. O. Stiver, H. F. Rocky, 1894 to 1900; and H. P. Poffenberger and P. O. Stiver to date. It was published weekly to 1877 ; then it became a daUy. It has always been Democratic. EF Journal, 1848 to date: Published by H. G. Grattan and A. Mc- Fadden, 1 848-1 849; Mr. Grattan, 1 848-1 851; Mr. Grattan and Hiram M. Sheetz, 1851 ; Mr. Sheetz and Mr. A. McFadden, 1851-1853; Mr. Sheetz, 1853-1856; C. K. Judson and C. W. McCluer, 1856-1864; J. M. Bailey and R. V. Ankeny, 1864- 1866. In 1866 the iSTorthwest (established in 1865) was merged in the Journal and edited by J. S. McCall, J. M. Bailey and M. B. MiUs, 1866; Mr. McCaU, 1866-1868; S. D. Atkins, 1868- 1873; William B. Thomas, Dwight B. Breed and Charles R. Haws, 1873-1875; S. D. Atkins and Company, 1875; A. N. Richards and Company, 1875 to 1883, when the Freeport Joumal Printing Company was organized, with Smith D. Atkins as presi- dent, principal stock holder, and editor. The paper has con- tinued on this basis. In 1883 the Budget was absorbed, and a FULTON, WHITESIDE COUNTY i8i dafly issue was established. Previous to that time Messrs. Jud- son and McCluer issued a daily Journal in 1856-1857, and in 1857^ Mr. McCaU began the issue of a daily which was dis- continued after a period of nearly two years. The Journal espoused the cause of the Whig party and with its death took up the cause of the Republican party. SF Deutscher Anzeigee, 1853 to date: Established by William Wag- ner, and edited by him until his death in 1878. From 1855 a son, W. H. Wagner, was associated in the business, and became editor in 1877. About 1884 Albert and Oscar, sons of W. H. Wagner, became associated in the business under the firm name of W. H. Wagner and Sons. W. H. Wagner is still editor and manager. Files in the office. P News, i864-(after 1884): A supporter of real estate interests, is- sued for advertising purposes. In 1869-1875 Taylor and Aspin- waU, and from 1876 until 1884 Taylor and Sons were editors and publishers. Monthly. Discontinued. Budget, 1870-1883 : In 1879, Stabeck and Haws were editors and publishers. Republican in politics. Absorbed by the Journal in 1883. Soldiers' Advocate, 1873-1879: W. S. Agney was editor and publisher, 1873-1874; Agney and Jones, 1875 ; Jones and Carey, 1876; Bright and Barton, 1877; Bright and Brownlee were editors and publishers, 1879. Monthly. Discontinued. Illinois Monitor, 1874-1876: Edited and published by W. T. Giles. True Mission, 1875- (after 1881) : In 1879 W. S. Young was editor and publisher. An evangelical, nonsectarian, temperance organ. Discontinued. NoRDWESTLiCHE PosT, 1875 : Edited and published by H. Krumme. Times, 1876: Charles R. Haws was editor and publisher. Daily. Banner, 1879 to date: German. Established by F. W. Frick, 1 879-1 880; H. W. Frick, 1882; Joseph Frick, 1884; Charles H. Frick, 1891-1895. In 1891 Sontagshlatt was begun. Unter- haltungsUatt, a weekly edition, is published on Tuesdays. In- dependent in politics. FULTON, WHITESIDE COUNTY Whiteside Investigator, 1854 (?) + : Edited by Judge James McCoy and John Phelps. It soon passed over to Mr. McFadden and G. A. Laighton, and in 1855 was published by A. McFadden and W. J. Johnson. Subsequently Mr. Laigh- ton became sole proprietor and changed its name to i82 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Advertiser, H ( ?) ( ?) : The editorial staff consisted of Dr. C. A. Griswold and Messrs. Grout and Lewis. In 1856 it favored Buchanan for president. After the campaign Mr. Green- leaf became editor. Mr. Laighton, the owner, becoming financi- ally embarrassed, went east, leaving the paper in charge of an ap- prentice who soon stopped its publication. Weekly Courier, 1859-18634- : A. J. Booth and B. C. GoUiday leased the establishment of the Advertiser from Mr. Laighton and began the Courier. After six months Mr. Booth obtained sole charge of the Courier, and in 1863 he purchased the estab- lishment of Mr. Laighton and changed the name to Journal, -I-1863 to date: The Journal was conducted by A. J. Booth, 1 863-1 866; Booth and Son, 1866-187 2; George Ter- williger, 1872; Mr. Terwilliger, editor, and W. C. Snyder, pub- lisher, 1 87 2-1 876. In 1876 Mr. Snyder became sole owner and he leased it to Thomas J. Pickett. Pickett and Snyder were editors and publishers in 1879; A. W. Bastion in 1907. The paper has been an organ of the Republican party. Argus, 1868 (?) : Established by Messrs. Pratt. Whiteside Democrat, 1871-1872-I- : Started by F. L. Norton. After one year it was called the Liberal, 1872 (?): Published by J. M. Finch. GALENA, JO DAVIESS COUNTY Miner's Journal, i 82 6-1 83 2 -|- : Its first editor was James Jones. In 1829 Mr. Jones associated with himself as editor Thomas Ford, afterwards Governor of Illinois, and J. W. Stephenson, a prominent man of the place, was a contributor. For some period before 1829 the paper was temporarily suspended. It supported Kinney for Governor in 1830, and was otherwise active in politics, though said to be non-partisan. Dr. Philleo, who secured control of it, changed its name to AHWM Galenian, -1-May 2, 1832-1836+: Edited by Addison Philleo and George N. Palmer, successively. It was a Democratic paper. There are a few numbers in the Danville Public Library. Changed to WSHAM Democrat, -|-i836-i838(?) : Edited by Dr. Philleo and George N. Palmer. Advertiser, July 20, 1 829-1 830: Established by Hooper Warren, backed by Governor Ninian Edwards; published by Newhall, Philleo and Company ; edited by Warren, Horatio Newhall, and Addison PhUleo, who were not harmonious in their political affili- GALENA, JO DAVIESS COUNTY 183 ations. Warren wrote Edwards December i, 1829, that the paper had 400 subscribers. Money and paper were scarce, and the paper suspended publication in June, 1830. AH Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser, i 834-1 863+ : The Galenian under Dr. Philleo became so unpopular that Dick- inson B. Morehouse and other citizens bought an outfit and started this paper. S. M. Bartiett and a Mr. Loring were put in charge, but Loring soon withdrew. Benjamin Mills was editor, 1834-1835. H. H. Houghton became associated with Bartiett, and in 1838 became sole owner. He made the paper a tri-weekly. In 1843 he sold to W. C. E. Thomas, but in 1845 was again editor and in 1847 sole owner. January i, 1848, he issued the first number of a daily edition called Galena Daily Advertiser; the weekly and tri-weekly seem to have been called at this time Northwestern Gazette. Nesbit Baugher and D. W. Scott owned each a third interest, 1859-1861. In 1863 the estab- lishipent was sold to James B. Brown and George K. Shaw, who changed the name to AWEF Gazette, 4-1863 to date: Shaw soon withdrew, and the paper was continued as as daily and weekly by James B. Brown until 1896; since that time it has been edited and published by A. W. Gles- ner. Republican. A JotJRNAL, 1 838-1 840: Owned by a stock company and edired by W. C. Taylor and John Stark. Star, 1840-1841 : Edited by Beriah Brown. Sentinel, 1841-1846: Edited by H. C. McGrew and Brothers, and later by Sweney and Son. It was Democratic in its sympathies. F Jeffersonian, 1845-1855: Founded by H. A. and H. W. Tenney. Charles Sweney was editor and proprietor, 1847-185 2 ; Randall, Sanford, and Company, 1852 ; Ray and Sanford, 1852-1853 ; Ray and Scott, 1853-1854; Scott, 1854. After a few months Mr. Scott sold two-thirds interest to L. T. Leal and Charles Crouch. The Jeffersonian disappeared in 1855. The name indicates its politics. But under the editorship of Ray the paper took strong ground against the Kansas-Nebraska act. After Ray went to the Chicago Tribune, the Jeffersonian went back to Douglas Democracy. Semi-weekly. F Correspondent, 1851-1862-f-: A German paper issued for a year and a half from the ofi&ce of the Jeffersonian. A German com- pany was formed and the management of the paper was given to Mr. Slybold until 1854 or 1855, when he was succeeded by Messrs. Wuertenburg and Becket. They were succeeded by Mr. Pingel, who changed the name to i84 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Deutsche Zeitung, +1862-1868+ : Conducted by Mr. Pingel un- til 1868, when he sold to Von Kettler, who changed the name to VoLKSFREUND, +1868 to date (1878): Published by Von Kettler until November, 1872, when he sold to J. Voss and M. Witt. Courier, 1855-1862 : Published by Leal, Crouch, and Company. The members of the company kept withdrawing until by i860 Mr. Leal was alone. In 1861 he sold to E. R. Paul, who discon- tinued the daily, which had been started early in January, 1856. Mr. Paul sold to Mr. Bristol and he continued to publish the paper until the next year, when he sold to a company and we hear no more of the Courier. Democratic. HF Democrat, December, 1 862-1 868: Published at first by a company of Democrats, and edited by L. S. Everett. The company soon sold to H. H. Savage. He soon assumed editorial charge also. Stopped by mortgage sale in 1868. Commercial Advertiser, 1864-1874+ : Established by D. W. Scott as a monthly mercantile and business paper but gradually trans- formed to horticultural. Alonzo L. Cummings became a partner in 1872, and the paper was conducted by D. W. Scott and Com- pany until changed to Industrial Press, + February 6, i874-(after 1884) : Established by A. L. Cummings and James W. Scott. Scott sold to his father, D. W. Scott, in 1875, without changing the firm name of Cummings and Scott, which continued until after 1884. Spirit of the Press, October, 1871-1873: Established by H. H. HoughtOD. Merged with the Gazette in 1873. Sun, 1869: Established by S. W. Russell. Short-lived. GALESBURG, KNOX COUNTY Northwestern Intelligencer, 1848-1850: Edited by Rev. C. R. Fisk. It was non-partisan as to politics ; favored Presbyte- rianism. The number in the library of the state university indicates considerable pugnacity, especially against President Blanchard of Knox College. U Northwestern Gazeteer, i 849-1 85o(?): Edited by Southwick Davis. It favored Congregationalism and was neutral in poli- tics. News Letter, 1850-1853: Edited by Gale, Bunce, and Lanphere. It favored railroad construction. In 1852 in the hands of S. G. Cowan it appeared as the News Letter and Henry County News. It was for some time nonpartisan, but in the latter part of its existence it somewhat favored the Free Soil doctrine. F Knoxiana, i85i-i857(?): Issued by members of Adelphic Society of Knox College. Monthly. StiU published in 1857. P L„. GALESBURG, KNOX COUNTY 185 Western Freeman, two months of 1853: It was an anti-slavery paper edited by J. W. Lane. Free Democrat, 1854-1865+ : An anti-slavery paper, daily after 1857. The first three editors in order were, Southwick Davis, W. H. Holcomb, and B. F. Haskins. William J. Woods was owner at the time of Haskins' editorship, which began in 1854. In 1855 Haskins was succeeded by C. J. Sellon. The same year S. W. Brown, R. H. Whiting, and D. H. Fresbie became owners. November to December, 1855, S. D. McDonald conducted the paper, followed by W. J. Woods as owner and C. J. Sellon as editor. August, 1856, Woods sold the ofi&ce to J. H. Sherman. In 1865 Messrs. Bailey and McClelland became proprietors, and the name was changed to F Free Press, -1- 1865-1894: In 1872 General M. S. Barnes bought the paper, and became editor and publisher. His son, W. Ben- nett Barnes, had business charge of the daily edition, which was begun 1875. Changed to Press in 1876. In 1882 the name was changed to Press and People. Bought by Gershon Martin in 1883 and issued by him until 1894, when he died and the paper was sold to the Spectator. Democratic. Oak Leae, 1856 ( ?) : A monthly published by the Gnothautic Society of Knox College. P Hemlandet, 1855-1858-1-: A Swedish Lutheran paper edited by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist. At that time it was the only Swedish newspaper in the United States. It was taken to Chicago in 1858. Det Rati'a Hemlandet, 1856-185 8: A monthly organ of the Lu- therans, edited by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist and A. R. Cervin. It was removed to Chicago with the preceding paper. Frihetsvannen, January, 1 859-1 861: Edited in turn by Peterson, Wilborg, and Arosenius. Fortnightly ; part of the time weekly. Evangelistfn, i860: Lasted about a year. The organ of the Swedish Baptists. L. Ahnberg was business manager. Kj^ox County Observer, 1865 (?) : Published by Louis V. Taft. Short-lived. Register, 1866-1872-I- : Started by Steve R. Smith, William J. Mourer, and H. D. Babcock. After several changes it was bought by E. F. Phelps in 1872 and shortly afterwards was merged into the Republican Register. It had a daily edition after 1870. Liberal, 1867-1879: Edited by Steve R. Smith. i86 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Times, 1868-1869: E. A. Snively was editor and publisher. After about nine months he sold to a Mr. Bush, at that time publisher of the Register. Democratic. Water Cure Journal, 1868-1870: An advertising sheet edited by Mrs. M. Blanche Oughton; published by McCall, Miller, and Company. Noonday Star, 1870-1871: The Star Printing Company were editors and publishers. DaUy. Zion's Baner, 1 871: A Swedish Lutheran monthly. Rev. C. Anderson was editor and publisher. (See Knoxville, p. 216.) Knox Student, 1872 to date: Collegiate monthly. P Republican, 1872+ : Started by C. E. Carr and J. M. Prior; sold to S. W. Grubb and consolidated with Register as Republican-Register, +1872 to date: Owned and published by a stock company formed for this purpose, known as the Gales- burg Printing and Publishing Company. George V. Dietrick was its president, and S. W. Grubb, secretary and treasurer; Z. Beatty was editor, and continued so until his death in 1896, since which date Fred K. Jelliff has been editor. About 1901 George A. Perry and O. N. Custer bought a controlling interest, and the former became business manager. J. W. Grubb suc- ceeded his father as secretary and treasurer of the company. In 1909 Messrs. Custer and Perry bought the interest of J. W. Grubb, and Mr. Custer took Mr. Grubb's position. S. W. Grubb was business manager. Daily and weekly. Republican. U Republic, 1873-1875-I- : Conducted by Judson Graves of Kirk- wood. Semi-weekly. Changed after two years to Plaindealer, -|- 1 87 5-1 907 : Judson Graves was editor and pub- lisher until 1882, when he was succeeded by Henry Emrich. Weekly. Independent-Republican. Discontinued in 1907. Sidewalkings, 1873 (?): Edited by Stephen R. Smith. Ir- regular and short-lived. Printed in magazine form. Review, 1877 ( ?) '■ Conducted by Colville Brothers. In 1878 it was changed from a weekly to a monthly. Republican. Province, -t- January i, 1879 (?): A monthly, edited by George H. Higgins and published in the interest of the Episco- pal church. GALVA, HENRY COUNTY Watchman, 1857 ■ This paper had a brief career in Galva. Isaac B. Smith was editor; Smith and Harl, then E. and I. B. Smith were publishers. It was purchased by Judge Tillson, Dr. A. A. Dunn, U. M. Ayers and H. W. Wells, and removed to Cam- bridge. Its name was changed to the C/^w»»c^e (which see). F GARDNER, GRUNDY COUNTY 187 Den Svenske Republikanen i Norra Amerika, July 4, 1856- 1857+ : A secular, liberal paper founded as especially antago- nistic to the Hemlandet of Galesburg, by the Bishop Hill colony of Swedes. Edited by S. Cronsioe. It was removed to Chicago in 1857. Union, December, 1862-1867+: Established by B. W. Seaton. Afterward owned by Eric Johnson ; then by John I. Bennett and edited by J. M. Edson. It was changed to Republican, + October, 1867-1870: Johnson and Chaiser, editors and publishers. Prairie Chief, April, 1868-1871+: For a time issued from the office of the Union (Kett and Company, History of Henry County, p. 182), then from Toulon as successor to Stark County Democrat by F. B. Seaton. Removed to Cambridge in 1871. Illinois Swede, 1869 ( ?) : Published by Eric Johnson at about the same time as the Republican, in both Swedish and English. Democrat, July, 1869-1 871 + : Started by a number of Democrats with J. L. Rock as editor. Sold after six months and edited by J. G. Ayers until 1871, when it was changed to Journal, + February, i872-(after 1880) : Edited by W. J. Ward. In April, 1873, W. J. Ward sold to his brother, F. P. Ward, who in 1874 sold a half interest to J. J. Balch. Both later sold to Henry W. Young, who was still running the paper in 1880. In- dependent in politics. U News, October, 1879, to date: Established by Beall Brothers (Fred and Asa) with Henry Quinn as manager. After one year Fred Beall was succeeded by R. H. Wagner, and in another year the firm sold to Frank Boyd and Wade Errett. After a year Tom Boyd bought Wade Errett's interest. In 1883 Boyd Brothers sold to Elmer E. Fitch, whose first paper was issued April 14. In the next year Henry Quinn bought an interest in January, in 1903 he sold to Mr. Fitch, who has continued as owner and publisher. He leased the paper to his son, George Fitch, May 14, 1 908-1 909, and Carroll Ragan became editor and manager. Republican. GARDNER, GRUNDY COUNTY Journal, 1870-1871 : Established and conducted by A. K. Stiles. Republican. Grundy County Farmer, 1871-1872: Morgan and Wilson were editors and publishers. Independent, 1876-1877: H. H. Parkinson was editor and pub- lisher. i88 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS GENESEO, HENRY COUNTY Democratic Standard, 1855-1856, 1857-1858: Edited by James Bowie. In the last year of its existence it favored Democracy. Republic, 1856 to date: First edited by I. S. Hyatt, 1856-1858; J. M. Allen and O. A. Turner, 1858; Merritt Munson, 1858; Hobbs and Lewis, 1858-1863. In November, 1863, Mr. Hobbs obtained entire control. At the same time Adam Lieberknecht purchased the Advocate and the two papers were consolidated and became the Advocate-Republic. Mr. Lieberknecht was still editor and publisher in 1879. The paper was Republican. In 1907 the Republic was being published by A. Lieberknecht, a son of the former editor. UF Christian Philosopher, 1858-1859: Issued monthly and edited by Merritt Munson. Journal, i860: A campaign paper started by an association of Republicans and edited in turn by James Ireland, George W. Shaw, William Smith, and George A. Hobbs. Union Advocate, 1862-1863+ : Begun by Major James M. Hors- ford. Sold to Adam Lieberknecht, who united it with the Republic. Henry County News, January, 1874 to date: Established by Belvel and Fisher. Later it was conducted by Belvel and Kiner, then by Christian and Kiner. Henry L. Kiner was editor in 1879. Neutral in politics. By 1879 it had become the Industrial Advocate and News : Henry L. Kiner continued as editor and Christian and Kiner as publishers. Under the name News this paper is still published and edited bv John Swift. A daily was begun in 1895. Republican. Sun, 1879-1882: N. Spurlock was editor and publisher. Re- publican. GENEVA, KANE COUNTY Fox River Advocate, 1845+ : Published by Robert J. Thomas and H. Hough. Changed to Star of the West, +1846: Published by H. A Hough and A. E. McKinstry. "In politics," reads the salutatory, "looking above and beyond the present party distinctions, aims at nationality ; its motto is For our Country at all times ; to ap- prove her when right, to right her when wrong." Only two issues were printed. F Western Mercury, 1847-1851-I- : Published by B. T. Wilson. Joseph Cockroft soon became a partner. Its publication was suspended from 1851 until 1856, when it was changed to F OILMAN, IROQUOIS COUNTY 189 Kane County Republican, + 1856 to date: John WUson was editor and publisher in 1868; S. L. Taylor, 1870-1871 ; Archer and Tyrell, 1872-1873; Charles Archer, 1874 until after 1884; James Forrest, 1891 ; Kane County Publishing Company, 1895 ; Charles B. Mead was editor, Mead and Sons publishers in 1907. Kane County Democrat : Published by Harrington and M. C. Quillen. In Gerhard and in Coggeshall for 1856. Kane County Advertiser, 1856-1865: Edited by B. T. Wilson and Mr. Cockroft, 1856-1857; John Wilson, i857-i86s(?). Gospel Banner, i857-(after 1869): Edited by Benjamin F. Wilson. Semi-monthly. Suspended by 1870. Republic, 1865-1896 : Among the editors of the Republic were S. L. Taylor, 1870-1871; Tyrell and Archer, 1871-1873; Mc- Master, Archer and Wheeler, 1873-1876; Mr. Archer, 1876- 1884; A. D. Hays, 1884-1887; W. H. Howell and Company. 1887-1889; J. E. Forrest, 1888-1891; Charles B. Mead, 1891 to date. This paper has been Republican. In 1896 it was called the Twice a Week Republican. GENOA, DeKALB COUNTY News, 1877 : S. S. Tucker was editor and publisher. Republican. GIBSON CITY, FORD COUNTY Enterprise, 1872-1873+ : Established by N. E. Stevens, who in 1873 sold to Walter Hoge. He changed it to Courier, + November, 1873 to date: Established by Walter Hoge. In April, 1875, it was purchased by Emanual Lowry, who con- ducted it untU 1897, except during the year 1884-1885, when it was published by M. F. Cunningham and John C. MoUoy. In July, 1897, Mr. Lowiy retired and turned the Courier over to his sons, Charles E. and Russell, who published it for two years. Then RusseU Lowry 's interest was taken by his brother, J. P., who has since been a member of the firm, which is styled E. Lowry's Sons. The paper has always been Independent-Repub- lican in politics. FHes are in the office. GILLESPIE, MACOUPIN COUNTY Union AND Gazette, November, i860 (?): Established by A. W. Edwards, who edited it until 1863. Alonzo James conducted it for a time after Edwards left. It was extremely Democratic. Edwards revived the paper in Bunker Hill in 1866. OILMAN, IROQUOIS COUNTY Journal, 1868-1870: Established by Mathias Custer, editor and publisher. It continued two years. Independent in politics. I90 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Fruit Grower, 1869-1872: Established by Ed. Rumley. An ad- vertising sheet. Monthly. Saturday Star, May, 1870 to date : Established by Ed. Rumley, editor and publisher, who was still conducting the paper in 1879; John J. Coon, 1882-1884; R. C. Allen, 1891-1895; A. S. Chapman is now publisher. Independent in politics, but a radical temperance advocate. Complete files in the office. Real Estate Journal, 1870-1871; In 1870 edited and published by Ed. Rumley; in 187 1 by Cyrus Shinn. An advertising sheet. GIRARD, MACOUPIN COUNTY Enterprise, November, 1857-1858+: Edited by Dr. Critchfield, 1857-1858; W. A. Solomon, 1858. Neutral in politics. Changed to Guide, +i 858-1 859+ ; The first editor was W. A. Solomon, who was succeeded by Mr. McChesney, who took a Mr. Canfield as associate. Changed to News, +1860-1861 : Edited by McChesney and William E. Milton. Enterprise, April, 1865-1867 : Begun by a Mr. McChesney and William E. Milton. McChesney retired in October, 1865. In March, 1865, citizens bought the paper and turned it over to H. H. Keebler, with William Shook as local editor. After eight months it was turned over to Thomas Organ, who changed its political tone from neutral to Republican. It was soon discon- tinued. Review, 1872-18744- : Begun by William E. Milton. Sold to Charles E. Fish, who changed the name to Democratic Chief, +1874-I-: Under which name it continued for four months. Three months later it was revived by William R. Crenshaw and J. H. Power, who soon resumed the name Review, -Fi874-i878: J. H. Power was editor and publisher in 1878. It continued, under many brief ownerships, until No- vember, 1878. It was Democratic, favorable to Greenback ideas for a time. Gazette, January, 1879 to date: Tipton and Stuve, proprietors; William Stuve, editor. It was suspended in April, but publica- tion was resumed after a few weeks. A. H. Simmons purchased Stuve's part and edited the Gazette four months, when he sold to Tipton. George L. Tipton published the Gazette until De- cember, 1904, when he presented the office to his son, Fred L. Tipton. Neutral in politics. Files are in the office. GRAND TOWER, JACKSON COUNTY 191 GOLCONDA, POPE COUNTY Herald, 1857-1889+ : Established by James D. Mondy. Daniel Clark was an early editor. Sam Roper was editor in 1868 and the early 70's. Robert McGown was publisher in 1868. In 1873 A. J. Alden was editor and McGown and Alden publishers ; Thomas McGown, editor, McGown and Brother, publishers, 1874-1879. S. L. Spear, D. G. Thompson, Josiah P. Hodge, E. H. Thielecke, and A. B. McDonald each published the paper before it was consolidated in 1889 with the Enterprise, which had been established in 1887 by Phil A. Craig and Sim V. Clanahan. The Herald Enterprise has been published to date (1907) by Craig and Clanahan. Republican. U Pope County Democrat, 1878-1880: Phillip V. Field, editor; Thielecke Brothers and Company, publishers. GRAFTON, JERSEY COUNTY Backwoodsman, 1837 : A monthly literary and agricultural news- paper. Perry Mason was the proprietor and John Russell, the editor, 183 7-1 83 9. In 1839 it was moved to Jersey ville, the county seat. Rock IslandAS Phoenix, i842-(after 1843) : R. B. Wallace was editor and pub- lisher. A Independent, 1877-1880: Established by Colonel William H. Edgar. R. R. Claridge was editor and publisher in 1878-1879. Manuscript was prepared at Grafton, printed in office of the Jerseyville Republican. In 1878 Claridge purchased necessary materials and moved the oflSce to Grafton, becoming sole editor and proprietor. In 1880 the paper was moved to Jerseyville and became the Jersey Independent. Greenback in politics. GRAND DETOUR, OGLE COUNTY Rock River Register, 1842-1843 : By September 16, 1842, this paper had been removed from Mt. Morris to secure theadvan- tage of better mail facilities. It was edited by D. C. Dunbar. He died in October. By May 10, 1843, the proprietors were Charles H. Lamb and A. G. Henderson; in July Henderson had withdrawn. It is believed that the Register died in August, and apparently it was succeeded by A Illinois Tribune, November 14, 1843 (?): Edited by John W. Sweetland. It was the probable successor of the Rock River Register, as it seems to have been printed from the same type. GRAND TOWER, JACKSON COUNTY Item, 1875-1879 : M. F. Swartzcope was proprietor and editor after the retirement of Mr. J. P. Stockton. Independent. 192 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS GRANT PARK, KANKAKEE COUNTY News, 1876 to date (1879) : J. W. and E. H. Odell were editors and publishers in 1879. GRANVILLE, PUTNAM COUNTY Gazette, 1877-1882: Spencer Ellsworth was edifor and publisher until 1882 ; W. B. Tapley, 1882. The paper was printed at the oflSce of the Peru Herald. Independent. GRAYVILLE, WHITE COUNTY News, 1853-1854+ : Conducted by J. James Prather. James Stelle was editor of a humorous portion. It was non-partisan. In 1854 it became the Herald, +1854-1859: Started by J. J. Prather who in a short time sold to F. C. Manley. At first a Whig organ, then a Republican. In 1859 J- -^d. Clarke, associate editor of the Herald for two or three years, leased the ofiBce of Mr. Manley and issued the Independent. H Journal, 1856-1858: Edited by William Charles. In 1858 it was moved to Carmi and name changed to White County Advocate. Independent, 1859 to date : Edited and published by J. E. Clarke, 1859-1877 ; Clarke Brothers, 1877-1887 ; Clarke and Son, 1887 to date. Prints an edition under the name of Albion (Edwards county) Independent. Republican in politics. Files are in the office. UE Weekly Democrat, 1865 : Established by a stock company, Sep- tember, 1865; C. S. Legge and M. B. Wood publishers. It expired after an existence of ten weeks. Republican, 1872-1874: Established by C. I. Williams. After six months Jonathan Stuart purchased the paper and published it for one year. November(?), 1873-November, 1874, Black and Holmes were publishers; in November, 1874, the Republi- can was discontinued and the office moved away. Church Advocate, 1878 to date (1879) : Lemuel Potter, editor and publisher. A semi-monthly Baptist organ. GREENFIELD, GREENE COUNTY Independent, 1869-1870: Established by Morton and Pickett. Mr. Morton absconded after a short time and Mr. Pickett was obliged to discontinue the paper. Comet, 1870 ( ?) : Established by W. T. Pickett. Short-lived. Locomotive, 1870-1875: A. G. Meacham bought material of the Independent office and took Mr. Milton as a partner. Mr. Meacham retired. W. T. Pickett became Milton's partner. In GREENVILLE, BOND COUNTY 193 1874 the paper was sold to C. H. Johnson, who soon abandoned it. In 1881 a paper called the Greenfield Locomotive was being published at White Hall, Green county, as an edition of the Register. News, 1875: Established by John W. Walker. Independent. Short-lived. The office after being idle for some months was leased to Byron Orr and another John Walker, who established the Dispatch, 1876-1877 : Walker abandoned the paper in a few days. After a few months Orr sold out to W. T. Pickett. In 1877 he sold out to Mr. Farris, who was publishing the Greene County Democrat. Office was idle until, in the same year, R. D. Sud- deth leased it and started the Greene County Republican, 1877-1878: In 1878 the paper was purchased by the Greenfield Printing Company, who began the publication of the Weekly Argus, March 30, 1878 to date: W. W. Haven was editor and manager. December 8, 1884, on the death of W. W. Haven, his son Victor H. Haven became, and continued, proprietor and editor. Independent-Republican. GREENUP, CUMBERLAND COUNTY Tribune, 1855-1857: Published by Daniel Marks, 1855-1856; Templeton and Bloomfield, 1856-1857. It was moved to Prairie City. Expositor, 1859-1860: Published by J. E. Mumford. It also was moved to Prairie City. It was a Democratic paper of the Douglas stamp. Mail, i 871-1874: Established by T. B. Pyles and C. R. Davis, who were editors and publishers, 1871-1872; Edward Hitch- cock, 1873; Ozier and Cooper, 1874. Times, 1874-1888: Published by a Mr. Tobey. Republican. Democrat, 1876-1881 : Leon Sumerlin and Ed. McClelland were editors and publishers. Press, 1874 to date: Founded by H. C. Bosworth and soon after sold to John Cunningham, who continued to edit it until his death, December, 1900. His son Walter H. then assumed that position until the paper was sold to O. B. Grant and Sons in 1903. O. B. Grant has been editor to the present time, (1909). GREENVILLE, BOND COUNTY Protestant Monitor, December, 1 845-1 848: A religious paper. Established and edited by E. M. Lathrop ; published by E. M. Lathrop and James Shoaff. It was "devoted to religious lib- 194 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS erty, essential truth, and general intelligence." From the frequency with which such appellations as liar and ass were used, it seems that the Monitor was a vociferous advocate of its own peculiar sort of religious thought. It was removed to Alton in 1848. A copy dated Friday, May 8, 1846, is owned by T. B. Shoaff of ShelbyviUe. H Western Evangelist, about 1847: Listed in Illinois Annual Register for 1847. Peter Long was editor and owner. Journal, 1848 (?): Published by John Waite; later by J. T. Alexander. How long this paper continued is not known. It is listed in Coggeshall's Newspaper Directory for 1856. Barnburner, about 1849: Published by J. T. Alexander. American Courier, 1856-1858: Published by Othniel Buchanan. F Advocate, 1858 to date: Published by J. T. Alexander, 1858-1863. In 1863 E. J. C. Alexander succeeded his brother; S. C. Mace, 1865-1871 ; S. B. Hynes, with T. W. Hynes as editor, 1871-1873 ; George M. Tatham, 1873-1893; W. W. Lowis, 1893. Since May I, 1908, the Advocate has been owned by W. W. Lowis and WUl C. Carson, who are editors and publishers. Republi- can. Copies of these papers, except Barnburner, in office of Advocate. Bond County Democrat, June 2, 1876-January 25, 1877+: Established by J. B. Anderson, who sold it in January, 1877, to Boll and Clark, who changed the name to Sun, +February, 1877 to date: Independent with Democratic leanings. Edited and published by William Boll and Fordyce C. Clark to 1884; Vallee Harold, 1884-1891 ; Charles E. David- son, 1891-1901 ; Will C. Wright, 1901-1905 ; Charles E. May- nard, 1905 to date. Times, 1870: A short-lived paper, established by Smith and Perry- man. GRIDLEY, McLEAN COUNTY Home Journal, 1865 to date (1884) : Printed at the office of the El Paso Journal. Monitor, i873-i876(?): Edited by R. E., M. F., and C. W. Bovard, of Lexington, 1875; John and Bovard, 1876. GRIGGSVILLE, PIKE COUNTY Pike County Free Press, 1846 (?): See Pittsfield. Pike County Union, -|- i855( ?)-i8s6(?) -|- : Edited by M. H. Abbott. This had been a Pittsfield paper. A file in the Library of Con- gress, May 2, 1855-June 9, 1856, shows that during that period it was printed in Griggsville and dated for Griggsville and Pitts- field. AF HARRISBURG, SALINE COUNTY 195 Independent, 1868-1871 : Established by T. W. Hervey, who was its editor. Local paper, neutral in politics. Independent Press, September, 1879 to date: Published by A. Hughs and Nelson. In 1889 the paper was sold to E. E. Wil- liamson, who still conducts it. Independent. HAMILTON, HANCOCK COUNTY Representative, 1859-1862: Edited by Thomas Gregg. Semi- monthly in i860, monthly in 1862. P Gregg's Dollar Monthly and Old Settlers' Memorial, May, 1873-December, 1875: Established and edited and published by Thomas Gregg. With vol. 3 Gregg's was dropped from the title. With vol. 4 the title was changed to H Dollar Rural Messenger, January, 1876-April, 1877: Gregg and Brown were editors and publishers. Issued simultaneously at Hamilton and Keokuk, Iowa. "A paper for the family circle, the farm, the garden, the orchard. A pure literature." "No immoral advertisements admitted." H HAMPSHIRE, KANE COUNTY Gazette, 1877 ( ?) : Established by C. E. Howe. Short-lived. HARDIN, CALHOUN COUNTY Calhoun County Democrat, 1871-1876: Albert G. Ansell was editor and publisher, 1 871-1876. A Republican paper. Calhoun Herald, 1872 to date: Established by a stock company with John Lammy as editor. In 1876 the plant was sold to Argust and Keating. In 1879 Greathouse and Argust were editors and publishers; James McNabb was editor, 1880-1886, then he sold to T. J. Selby, who was editor until 1890. J. D. Rose was editor and proprietor, 1890 to 1894; H. M. Comick, 1894-1895; Charles H. Lamar, 1895-1902. H. M. Comick, publisher of the Calhoun Times, established 1901, bought the Herald in 1902 and combined the papers as the Calhoun Times- Herald; 1903, Charles H. Lamar bought the entire plant, changed the name back to Calhoun Herald, and is still editor and proprietor. The paper is Democratic. HARRISBURG, SALINE COUNTY Chronicle, 1859 to date: Edited by John F. Conover, 1859-1867; J. F. Burks, 1867-1870; Mr. Conover again, 1870-1873; Con- over and F. M. Pickett, 1873-1876; J. W. Richardson, 1876; F. M. Pickett, 1876-1878; Harrisburg Printing Company, 1878- 1881; Otey and Richardson by lease from Mr. Pickett, 1881- 1885; Mr. Pickett, 1885 to 1889; Mr. Richardson and J. J. 196 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Pickett, 1889-1899; Richardson and Charles Scott, 1899-1902; Richardson, 1902-1908; A. H. Andrews and John H. Shup, 1908-1909; Shup and J. M. Hutchinson to date. Files to 1873 owned by Mr. Conover; files 1873-1896 destroyed by fire. In 1873 the Chronicle absorbed the Saline County Register, and in i88i the Saline County Sentinel. The Chronicle is a Republican paper, having become so, after various changes, in 1878. E Saline County Register, 1869-1873; 1898 to date: Established by F. M. Pickett. Mr. Pickett revived the Register in 1898 and edited it until his death in 1906. At that time J. J. Pickett be- came editor and proprietor. The Daily Register was established November, 1908. August 21, 1909, the Register Publishing Company was incorporated with J. J. Pickett as president and E. M. DeAhna as secretary. Democratic until August 21, 1909. Since that date Republican. Files 1898 to date in the office. Saline County Sentinel, 1878-1881+ : In 1879 John F. Conover was editor; J. F. Conover and J. R. Pearce, publishers. John F. Conover alone, 1880; in 1881 the Sentinel and Chronicle were combined as Chronicle-Sentinel. Later Sentinel was dropped from the name. HARVARD, McHENRY COUNTY Independent, 1865 to date: Established by Thomas G. Newman, with H. V. Reed as editor. In 1 866 Reed became owner and asso- ciated with himself a Mr. Tuttle. In 1867 Tuttle and Reed were editors and publishers. The same year, Homiday and Blake bought the paper. Blake sold to Smith Hooker, who sold in turn to A. McLaughlin; 1872, McLaughlin and A. Leland; 1877, Gardiner and Knox. These owners soon sold to George White, who in a year sold to J. and G. W. Hanna (G. W. Hanna and Son), editors and publishers in 1879. After a year, the paper was sold to James White ; then at a sheriff's sale, to N. B. Burtch, January 29, 1881. Burtch sold to O. S. Eastman, October 2, 1895. He retired August 29, 1895, and sold to Mer- ton J. Emerson and Eugene Saunders. Saunders sold to Emer- son April I, 1908, and M. J. Emerson has continued the publi- cation. Vols. 2, 3, 17 to date in the office. Republican in politics. HAVANA, MASON COUNTY Mason County Herald, 1851-1857: Edited and published by McKinzie and Roberts, 1851-1853; O. H. Wright, 1853; E. L. Grubb, 1853; Stout and Weeden, 1853; W. W. Stout soon be- came sole editor and proprietor. The Herald was an ardent Young America paper. F HENNEPIN, PUTNAM COUNTY 197 Journal, 1857-1858: Run by J. J. Knapp. Moved to Mason City. Squatter Sovereign, 1859-1861: James M. Davidson was its editor. Post, 1861 : A Democratic paper run by John B. Wright. Battle Axe, 1862 : A Republican paper run by Robert L. Durdy. Voter, i864(?): A campaign paper. E Volunteer, 1865-1867 : A Republican paper run by W. W. Stout. Democratic True Unionist, 1866-1870: Selah Wheadon was editor and publisher in 1869. Democratic. Ledger, 1867-1870: In 1869 William Humphreyville was editor and publisher. Republican. Gazette, 1869-1873: A Republican paper run by D. G. Swan. Reveille, 1870-1871: A Republican paper established by D. G. Swan. Short-lived. Democratic Clarion, 1870-1877 : Established by Selah Wheadon and William Humphreyville. In 1874-1877 Wheadon alone was editor and publisher. It was apparently continued as Mason County Democrat. Mason County Democrat, i878(?) to date: In 1879 Mounts and Murdock were editors and publishers. They sold to S. A. Mur- dock in 1879; he sold to S. D. McCaulley in 1889; John A. Muhlhof, 1890-1906; M. BoUam and Company, 1906 to date. Democratic. Mason County Republican, 1873 to date: From 1874 to 1880, F. Ketcham was editor; C. B. Ketcham, publisher. In 1882 Warner and Omstott were editors and publishers ; P. F. Warner was editor and publisher in 1884 and in 1891. It was later owned by W. C. McKinney and sold by his estate to R. B. Ruth about 1905. He sold in 1909 to Edward Wilson. HENNEPIN, PUTNAM COUNTY Journal, 1837-1838 : Edited and published by Dr. Wilson Everett. Genius of Universal Emancipation, November 8, 1838-Sep- tember 8, 1839: Edited by Benjamin Lundy, assisted by Zebina Eastman, who after Lundy's death, August 22, got out the later issues. The previous career of this publication is given as fol- lows in the first number issued in Illinois, on November 8, 1838, vol. 16, no. i: "It was commenced in 1821; issued a few months in Ohio; nearly three years in Tennessee; eight years in Mai^-land and the District of Columbia; and the residue of the period stated it has been published irregularly in the city of Philadelphia. ... Its principal design has ever been and will 1 98 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS continue to be the advocacy of Free Discussion; the TOTAL ABOLITION OF SLAVERY; and the firm establishment of the constitutional, inalienable, and 'universal' eights of man." In Hennepin it was the organ of the Illinois Anti-Slavery Society. Genius has been called the first abolition paper in America. It was printed at Lowell. SH Herald, 1845-1848: Edited by Philip Lynch. Tribune, 1856-1859: Edited by Birney and Duncan. F Putnam County Standard, i 860-1 864: Established by Grable brothers, who went to war and left the paper to their father, J. F. Grable, with Thomas Stanton, editor. In 1861 it was edited by W. H. G. Bumey, and in 1863 by J. S. Grable. Moved to Wenona. Putnam Record, June 23, 1868, to date: Established by I. H. Cook, who was editor and publisher until his death, April 7, 1909. Publication is continued by C. W. Cook. Neutral in politics. Files in the office. U HENRY, MARSHALL COUNTY Courier, 1852-1866: Edited by R. H. Ruggles, 1852-1863; C. S. and J. D. Woodward, 1863-1866. June, 1866, the Courier and the Marshall County Telegraph were consolidated as the Marshall County Republican. FUe, 185 2-1 863 of Courier, in possession of Mark Ruggles of Mendota, Illinois. Marshall County Democrat, i 863-1 864: Established by Charles R. Fisk, April 11, 1863. In July or August, 1864, F. M. Mills became publisher, continuing the paper but a few months. Marshall County Telegraph,' April, 1865-1866+ : Established by Spencer S. Burdick. In September, 1865, George Burt, Jr., purchased an interest, and the firm became Burdick and Burt. June, 1866, a consolidation of the Henry Courier and the Marshall County Telegraph was effected and the paper changed to the Marshall County Republican, +1866 to date (1899): S. S. Burdick, George Burt, Jr., and J. D. Woodward were propri- etors from June to September, 1866; Burt and Woodward, Sep- tember, 1866, to January, 1869; George Burt, Jr., January, 1869-1899. At one time there was a separate edition of this paper issued as the Putnam County Register. The name finally became the Henry Republican. File, 1852-1863, in possession of George Burt. U ' The informationhere given seems regularand credible, but apaper bearing the same name is listed byCoggeshall in his newspaper directory for 185 6 as published in Henry. The directories often breathe a seeming life into papers long dead, and sometimes list papers merely projected and never started, but this is rather too fsrseeing as a forecast. HILLSBORO, MONTGOMERY COUNTY 199 Bulletin, ( ?) ( ?) : A small paper, published several years. Reformed Missionary, 1871 (?): Edited by Rev. C. Cort, and printed for some time at the Republican office. It was moved away and in 1880 was defunct. Coming Woman, (?) (?)-. Edited by i Mrs. M. E. De- Geer, published for two years from the Republican oflSce ; after- ward moved to Chicago. By 1880 it had been discontinued. HIGHLAND, MADISON COUNTY Erzaehler, March 26-May 7, 1859+ ■ Established by Rudolph Stadtmann and John Harlen, Stadtmann, editor. April 30 Stadtmann became sole publisher. On May 7, 1859, the name was changed to Highland Bote, -|-May 7, i8s9-January 12, 1867+ : Peter Weiss and Peter Voegele became proprietors, Weiss editor, June 25- December 21, 1859. Peter Voegele became sole proprietor and publisher, with Heinrich Stiefel as editor from March i, 1861, to August 17, 1862. On April 10, 1863, Voegele sold out to Timothy Gruaz, who changed the name to Highland Bote und Schuetzen-Zeitung, -|-January 12, 1867- 1869+ : June, 1868, Gruaz sold out to B. E. Hoffmann and Maurice Huegy, Hoffmaim, editor. November, 1869, Hoffmann purchased Huegy's interest and moved the material to Edwards- viUe, where the paper was continued as the Madison County Bote. The Bote was Democratic. Under the name of Bote und Schuetzen-Zeitung it was the official organ of the National Sharp- shooters' Association. Union, October 24, 1863-1868+ : German. Established by the German Literary Society. C. H. Seybt was editor until January 28, 1865, then Dr. Gallus Rutz. December 28, 1866, Dr. G. Rutz and J. S. Hoemer became proprietors, with Dr. Rutz, editor. October 22, 1868, the name was changed to Highland Union, +1868 to date: John S. Hoerner became sole proprietor and editor March 18, 1874. In September, 1898, Hoemer sold out to C. T. Kurz, who is stiU in possession, 1909. The Union has always been Republican. IT HILLSBORO, MONTGOMERY COUNTY Prairie Beacon, 1838-1839: First published by Hayward and Holmes and edited by Aaron Clapp. Eugene Hayward of Indianapolis has a file. Files after 1885 in office of the Journal. Prairie Mirror, 1850-1856+ : Published by Gilmore Brothers, and edited by Francis Springer, 1850-1851. A weekly paper of Whig sympathies. In the reconstruction of political parties the 2O0O ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Mirror became the exponent of the Know- Nothing party. A file is owned by John W. Kitchell of Pana. Mr. Dickerson, as editor and proprietor, 1 854-1 856, changed the name to Montgomery County Herald, +1856-1868+: Published by James Blackman; then by C. D. Dickerson; later by J. W. Kit- chell and F. H. Gilmore to i860. From 1858-1860 it was an Independent paper. In i860 it was sold to Davis, Turner and Company, who ran it through the campaign as a Democratic paper. In 1868 it came into the possession of E. J. C. Alexander, who changed its name to EF Democrat, +i 868-1 874+: Claiming to be a Democratic paper, it was in full accord with the Granger movement. In 1874 it became the Anti-Monopolist, +1874 (?)+: A zealous exponent of the Granger movement. Mr. Alexander, the proprietor, changed the name again to the Blade, -i (?)-i877+: A Republican paper, sold by Mr. Alexander in 1877 to James L. Slack, who changed the name to Journal, +1877 to date: James L. Slack, 1877-1881; Charles R. Fruitt, 1881-1895 ; B. F. Boyd, 1895-1898; Josiah Bixler, 1898- 1907. It was bought by Sam Little in 1907. Illinois Free Press, i859-i862(?): A Republican paper, edited by D. W. Munn; later by J. B. Hutchinson and James Munn. It was suspended, and revived as Union Monitor, 1863 (?)+: Editors and proprietors : John W. Kitchell, 1863-1865 ; J. E. Henry 1865 (?). Mr. Alex- ander was for a time proprietor, but he sold to B. S. Hood. It was removed to Litchfield and became the Monitor. (Rowell states [1868] that Benjamin S. Hood and Company were editors and publishers at that date, and that the paper was published from the office of the Litchfield Union Monitor) This paper is now the News-Monitor, published by the Litchfield Printing Company. News Letter, 1869+ : An outgrowth of the Monitor, conducted by C. L. and E. T. Bangs. Slack and Tobin bought the News Letter and changed it to Journal, + (?)-i875+ : C. T. Tobin sold to Slack, who sold to Ben E. Johnson and Charles T. Tobin in 1875. It had been Republican in politics. Johnson and Tobin changed it to Montgomery News, +1875 to date: The paper now became Democratic. In 1876 Johnson sold his interest to George W. Paisley, and in 1882 Paisley and Tobin sold to Benjamin E. Johnson. In 1892 the paper was purchased by C. W. and C. P. Bliss, who are its present publishers. U HUTSONVILLE, CRAWFORD COUNTY 201 HINCKLEY, DeKALB COUNTY Review, 1878 to date: Established by M. N. Tomblin. After six months L. E. Tomblin was associated; in 1880 H. W. Fay entered the firm, which became Tomblin Brothers and Fay. Fay became sole owner in 1882. It was later conducted by Fay and Hubbard, who sold to R. D. Chappell, Jxily i, 1909. HOMER, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY Journal, 1859-1870: It was edited by George Knapp for a com- pany of citizens until he entered the army. In 1865 John W. Summers resuscitated the Journal, which soon passed inco the hands of W. H. Rhodes. Mr. Rhodes was succeeded by John S. Harper, who continued it until 1870. Mr. Harper was con- tinually moving the office from place to place in the county. (See Brink, McDonough's History oj Champaign County, 43.) Press, 1873-1876: Established by John S. Harper and Son. In 1876 W. Harper and E. P. DiU were editors, Ed. S. Harper pub- lisher. Enterprise, 1877 to date: Established by J. C. Cromer; J. B. Martin, editor. Erwin A. Baker, 1882-1884; J. B. Martin, 1891-1895. Republican. News, 1877 to date (1879) : J. H. Young was editor and publisher in 1879. I HOOPESTON, VERMILLION COUNTY Chronicle, January, 1872 to date: Established by Seavey and Wal- lace as North Vermillion Chronicle, and continued under that name for one year. Sold January, 1877, to L. F. Watson. July, 1877, Mr. Watson sold to Dale Wallace, member of the firm of Seavey and Wallace, who established the paper. July, 1882, Charles W. Warner bought the paper and is still in editorial charge. J. J. Pittser became partner and business manager in 1903, but retired four years later leaving Charles W. Warner in sole charge. Republican. Daily and weekly. One file of the paper is owned by Dale Wallace ; one is in the office. HUEY, CLINTON COUNTY Clement Register, i875(?)-i883: Established by J. W. Peter- son at Clement (now Huey) and continued until 1883, when he merged it in the Carlyle Banner. HUTSONVILLE, CRAWFORD COUNTY Wabash Sentinel, June 5, 1852-18534- : A politically independent paper published by George W. Cutler. Changed to 202 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Journal, +1853-1854: It was a Whig paper under the control of E. Callahan. Edited at first by Charles T. Cutler. Crawford Banner, 1857-1858: A non-partisan paper edited by W. F. Rubottom. It was moved to Palestine. News, 1874-1875: N. M. P. Spurgeon was editor and publisher. HYDE PARK, COOK COUNTY South Side News, 1871-1875: Van Sant and Company were editors and publishers in 1875. News, 1872 : S. Usmar Downs was editor and publisher. Daily Sun, i872-i878(?): H. L. Goodall and Company were editors and publishers. (See Chicago.) ILLINOISTOWN, ST. CLAIR COUNTY American Bottom Reporter, 1841-1842 : Published by Vital Jar- rott and Company. Gustav Koerner in his Memoirs has said that this was a Native American paper, published in 1841-1842.^ National Bank, fall of 1842: A Whig campaign paper edited by W. Weigley and published by S. D. Sumrix. It was to be "devoted to the advocacy of Henry Clay for the presidential chair, a National Bank, the tariff, and the protection of home industry." ILLIOPOLIS, SANGAMON COUNTY Citizen, 1879-1880 : J. W. Wolfe was editor and publisher. Printed at Mt. Pulaski as an issue of a paper there of identical name. IPAVA, FULTON COUNTY Fulton Press, 1874+ : Established by G. A. Hyde. Soon passed to Mr. Flake, who changed the name to Fulton Phoenix, + 1874+ : And after a short time removed it to Astoria. In 1877 it ^^^ purchased by Leigh and Miller, who returned the oflSce to Ipava and changed its name to Independent, +1877+ : After a period of two months they sold the entire establishment to A. H. McKeighan, who immediately changed its name to Stream of Light, +i877-(after 1879): McKeighan continued as editor and proprietor for several years JACKSONVILLE, MORGAN COUNTY Western Observer, May, 1830: Published by James G. Edwards. "Devoted to politics, education, and religion." 1 Evidently this is the same paper as American Bottom Gazette of East St. Louis (of which Illinoistown was the earlier name) . JACKSONVILLE, MORGAN COUNTY 203 Illinois Patriot, December 20, 1831-1837+: It was a Whig paper edited until 1837 by Charles Jones and James G. Edwards, who later founded the Burlington Hawkeye. Edwards was succeeded by Governor Duncan. In 1837 Josiah M. Lucas became its owner and he changed it to the AEM iLLiNoiSAN, +i837-April 9, 1844: It was first edited by A. H. Buckner and Colonel John J. Hardin and afterwards by Mr. Lucas himself until 1843, when he leased the oflSce to J. M. Hodge and William C. Swett. Hodge became editor about May 1, 1843, and Hodge and Swett were publishers until April 9, 1844, when the paper was discontinued. HA Jacksonville Banner and Morgan County Advertiser, 1832- ( ?) : Published by Charles Jones and Company, who evi- dently had withdrawn from his connection with Edwards in the Patriot. A News, April, 1834. (?)+ : Established by Robert Goudy, Sr.^ By the beginning of 1835 it had been combined with the next following paper. Illinois State Gazette, October, 1834 (?)+: Probably established by S. S. Brooks. By the beginning of 1835 it had been combined with the News as Illinois State Gazette and Jacksonville News, -|-i835(?)- (?) : The issue for January 17, 1835, bears the double num- bering 13 and 35 for the respective numbers of the combination. The paper was then edited and published by S. S. Brooks and John H. Pettit. On February 10, 1836, the double numbering was dropped, the older series being retained. Pettit withdrew July 12, 1836, and Brooks continued the paper alone for a time. After a period of suspension publication was resumed April 22, 1837, by S. S. Brooks, W. W. Curran, and D. G. Day. This partnership was dissolved November 11, 1837, and Brooks alone continued the paper for a short time. Democratic. A Liberty's Sentinel, August, 1835 ( ?) : Edited by William H. Coyle. "Devoted to the interests of the Federal party." Prob- ably short-lived. Common School Advocate, January, 1837 (?): The first publication devoted exclusively to the cause of education pub- lished in the " Great Far West." Edited and published by Calvin and Ensley T. Goudy .^ Illinois Standard, March 10, 1838-1839: A Democratic paper, published by S. S. Brooks. It was probably a continuation of Gazette and News. Toward the close of 1838 the title was 1 Trans. III. State Hist. Soc, 1907, p. 316. ^ Ibid. 1906, p. 336, Rev, Theron Baldwin is mentioned as editor. See Introduction. 204 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS changed to Spirit oj the West and Illinois Standard. Publication stopped about the close of 1839. It was resumed as A Illinois Democrat, May 20, 1840-1842 : A. V. Putnam was pub- lisher; he was succeeded after a few months by William C. Swett. A Christian Messenger, i843(?) : Published by A. V. Putnam, pre- sumably after he discontinued the Illinois Standard. It was at the oflSce of this paper that the Illinois Statesman was printed. Illinois Statesman, April 29, 1843-May 27, 1844: Jonathan B. Turner was editor and proprietor and the paper was printed at the oflSce of the Christian Messenger. It stood for "true Repub- licanism against all Locofocos and Demagogues, whether pre- tended Whigs or Democrats " and was remarkable for its inde- pendence. SH Morgan Journal, 1845-1858-I- : It was a Whig paper edited by William H. Sigler and published by W. C. Swett; J. B. Shaw was editor in 1847 ; later Dr. E. R. Roe, Paul Selby, under whom the paper became Republican at the time the party was organized, and W. H. Collins, who changed the name in 1858, when it be- came the SF Jacksonville Journal, -I-1858 to date: First under the manage- ment of William H. Collins with H. Barden as printer ; Collins left the paper September 26, 1861, putting the management in the hands of W. C. Brown. Barden soon became publisher and continued until November 17, 1864. Through this critical time H. J. Atkins, William W. Jones, and others were editors. Bar- den was succeeded by Ironmonger and Mendenhall ; they were succeeded by Ironmonger and Colonel G. P. Smith, editor, in 1865. The Daily Journal was started April 14, 1866; Colonel Smith was editor and sole proprietor from 1 867-1 869. Horace Chapin and Lyman B. Glover, editor, were publishers from 1 869-1 874, when Mr. Glover sold to Horace R. Hobart, who was part proprietor for one year. In 1875 Hobart sold to Milton F. Simmons, who became editor. Chapin sold in April, 1876, to Charles M. Fames; Simmons withdrew in 1878, and Fames was sole proprietor and managing editor until 1886, when the paper was incorporated under the name of the Jacksonville Journal Company. At present Hawes Yates is president, S. W. Nichols is treasurer and W. L. Fay is secretary. Mr. Nichols is editor. Files since 1859 in the ofSce. SE Western Star, January 7, i845-i846(?): A publication edited by Rev. A. Bailey. "Devoted to religion, virtue, and knowl- edge." Baptist semi-monthly, printed by Wm. C. Swett. H JACKSOlSrVILLE, MORGAN COUNTY 205 Jackson Standard/ about 1847: Mentioned in Illinois Annual Register for 1847. Edited by J. S. and E. W. Roberts. Demo- cratic. CoNSTiTUTiONiST, i852-(after 1855) = Its editors were Dr. E. R. Roe ; T. H. Cavanaugh; John M. Taggart. A daily was tried for a while but failed. A file of the Daily Constitutionist, February, 1854-May, 1855, is in Illinois College Library, Jacksonville. AS Tri-Weekly Press, 1852: A Whig paper published by T. H. Cavanaugh. S Hatchet, November, 1855 : edited and published by W. T. Davis. •Illinois Sentinel, 1855-1876 : Edited by J. R. Bailey, 1855-1873 ; Fanning and Paradice, 1873-1874; Gershom Martin, 1874- 1876. It was published weekly and advocated the cause of first the Whigs and next the Democrats. Illinois was dropped from the title. Combined with Enterprise to form the Courier. Files owned by Mrs. J. H. Hackett, Jacksonville. S Argus, 1859: Published by N. B. Walker. Short-lived. Campaign Argument, i860: Issued by C. J. Sellon. Short-lived. Dispatch, 1861-1862: Published by E. S. Trover. Independent, 1869-1874: Established by Ironmonger and Fink. Henry E. Fink was editor; Ensley Moore, assistant editor. In 1873 it was sold to Gershom Martin ; later W. Y. Dowdall pur- chased an interest; later Fanning, Paradice, and Company of of the Sentinel. S Deaf-Mute Advance, 1870 to date: A four-page weekly for deaf and dumb persons. Established by Phillip G. GiUett and Frank Read. Edited and published by Frank Read until 1892, when he associated with him Frank Reed, Jr. In January, 1898, the name was changed to New Era, and in 1903 to Illinois Advance. The publication was turned over to the Illinois School for the Deaf in 1900, since which time W. H, Clifford has been editor. National Crop Reporter, 1873 : Greene and Coulter were editors and publishers. Enterprise, 1874-1876-I- : Established by James S Hambaugh. Daily established in 1876. In 1876 T. D. Price and Company purchased this and the Sentinel office and changed the name to Illinois Courier, -fi876 to date: Edited by J. D. Price and Com- pany, 1876-1882; Doying and Hinrichsen, 1882-1886, and from 1 886-1 892 Mr. Case was a partner; G. E. Doying and G. E. Doying's Sons, 1892 to date. The Courier is Republican. The files in the office are incomplete until after 1882. 1 Listed as here stated, but probably it belongs under Shawneetown. 2o6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Morgan Monitor, 1876 (?) : Listed in Rowell for 1880 as a Greenback publication established in 1876. J. R. Miller and J. C. Rahe were editors and publishers. College Rambler, 1878 (?) : Published by the students of Illinois College. At first monthly, later semi-monthly. JEFFERSONVILLE, WAYNE COUNTY Christian Instructor, April, 1872 : Removed from McLeansboro to Jeffersonville by George P. Slade. Slade was the editor, and C. E. Wolfe the publisher. The paper was a dogmatic devotee of the cause of the Christian Church, and did not live past December of its birth-year. Christian Herald, 1872 : Elder J. W. Stone was editor and pub- lisher. Wayne County Central, 1873: Established by C. E. Wolfe and R. A. Moss and published from the office of the defunct Christian Instritctor. In 1873 Moss was succeeded by J. M. Tracy, who took the office to Fairfield. In a short time Israel and Wolfe sold it to Professor W. S. Scott. Republican in politics. The Evangelist at Work, 1879: Established by Wall and Tracy. Continued one year, and then the office was closed. This was a church organ, devoted to "primitive Christianity." : E. J. Hart, editor; Tracy, publisher. This was a Sunday school organ, name unknown, which continued through eight months. JERSEYVILLE, JERSEY COUNTY Backwoodsman and Jersey and Green CouNiras Advertiser, -I-1839-1842-I- : Published at Grafton by Perry Mason; 1837- 1839; edited by A S. Tilden, 1840 -1842 (see Grafton) . Changed to Newspaper, -1-1842-1856-1-: Edited by Flitcher and Parenteau, 1842-1854; Thomas Wright, 1854-1856. Changed to Democratic Union, + 1854-1865 -|- : A Democratic paper established by Thomas Wright, edited by H. H. Howard, 1857-1858; J. C. Dobelbower, 1 858-1 865. In 1865 it was bought by a stock company and the name changed to Jersey County Democrat, -f-1865 to date: Edited by Augustus C. Smith, 1 865-1 866 ; edited and published by T. J. Selby, 1866- 1869; A. A. Wheelock and L. L. Burr, 1869-1870; J. A. J. Birdsall and J. I. McGready 1870-1871 ; J. J. McGready, 1871- October, 1880: J. M. Page, 1880 to date. The Daily Democrat was established in 1896 and still continues. Files since 1865 in the office. JOLIET, WILL COUNTY 207 Family AND Farm Journal, 1868-1870: Edited and published by Thomas D. Worrall. A monthly Prairie State,' i 850-1 864: Established by Augustus Smith. In 1864 the Republican Club of Jersey county purchased the Prairie State of A. S. Smith, then editor and proprietor. A. C. Clayton edited the paper for the club, 1860-1862; Laubson Williams, 1862 to 1863 or 1864, when it came to an end. SF Jersey Independent: See Grafton. Register, 1865-1868 : Established by Frederick S. Houghawout, edi- tor and proprietor. In 1867 sold to L. Williams, who afterwards moved to Topeka, Kansas, and his son, Charles F. , leased the oflSce and became editor and publisher. In 1868 the office was purchased by Colonel G. P. Smith of the Jacksonville Journal, who established the Republican, 1869-1880+ : William H. Edgar was editor. In i86g Chapin and Glover became proprietors; Edgar continued as editor. In 1870 Edgar became sole editor and proprietor. In 1880 the paper was consolidated with Examiner as Republican Examiner. Edgar and Locke conducted it until 1885, when Locke retired and was succeeded by Frank M. Roberts. In two months Edgar retired. Will H. Hedley became proprietor. Examiner, August, 1878-1880+: Owned by a stock company under the name of Jerseyville Publishing Company. J. Sterling Harper was editor. Advocate of temperance cause. In three months the paper was leased by the editor, Harper, who withdrew entirely in two weeks. Morris R. Locke became editor and con- tinued until September 10, 1880, when it consolidated with the Republican. JOLIET, WILL COUNTY Courier, 1839-1843-I- : Called the J oliet Courier. A Democratic paper started lay thirteen citizens of Joliet, three of whom, Charles Clement, Edmund Wilcox and Hugh Henderson, were the publishers. Its editor and printer was C. H. Balch. After many changes it passed over to D. S. Gregg and W. P. Hudson. In 1843 it was purchased by William E. Little, who changed it to P Signal, -I-1843-1893: Published by Judge S. W. Randall, 1844- 1845; S. O. StiUman, 1845-1846; in 1846 it was sold to C. and C. Zarley, one of whom held an interest in it until it was sus- ^ a history of Jersey County gives i8s7 as the year in which this paper was started; but it is listed in Coggeshall's newspaper directory {or 1S56, a copy of vol. 3, no. S2. dated August j6, 1853, is in the New York State Library, and a copy of vol. 4, no. 20, dated January 14, 1S54, is in the Illinois State Historical Library. Augustus Smith was editor and proprietor at that time. 2o8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS pended. The interest of the junior Zarley was bought in 1874 by Peter Shutts. Edward D. Conley was the last proprietor. Democratic. Sold to the News about 1893. PF True Democrat, i 847-1 862+ : A Whig paper, later Republican, published by Alexander Mcintosh, 1 847-1 849; H. N. Marsh, 1849-1852 ; Mr. Mcintosh, 1852-1856. In 1856 Mr. Mcintosh sold to Joseph L. Braden, who in 1862 changed the name to F Republican, +1862-1869+: Conducted by Joseph L. Braden. On his death in 1869 James Goodspeed bought the paper and changed the name to A Republic, +1869-1883+: A daily was established about 1879.. January i, 1883, Goodspeed bought the daily and weekly Sun of C. B. Hay ward and merged the two papers into the Re-public and Sun. Upon his death, October 17, 1885, the paper was purchased by Robert Mann Woods, who changed the name to Republican, daily and weekly, and the paper is still published under that name. Files since 1884 in the Public Library. PH Sun, 1872-1883+ : Established by C. W. Hayward. Daily in 1874. United with the Republic in 1883. PHU Record, 1870-1883 : Established by D. C. Henderson. Sold to W. W. Stevens in 1880, when a daily issue was begun. Sold to the News in 1883. Democratic. Will County Courier, 1874-1884: Moved from Lockport about 1874. H. W. Cook was edicor. Published part of the time as a daily up to about 1884. A Granger organ. Herald, 1875-1876: Established by Roos and Rohr. Roos and Schmidt were editors and publishers in 1876. Phoenix, January, 1877 (?): J. S. McDonald, editor and proprietor. This was the home oflSce of a circuit of Phoenixes located at Joliet, Lockport, Wilmington, Lemont, Braidwood, Peotone, and Plainfield. Each had its own local editor. News, April, 1877 to date : A morning paper established by Charles F. Dutcher as an Independent. Bought in October, 1877, by Nelson, Ferriss, and Company, who made it a Greenback organ and added a weekly edition called Greenback News. Files of the News complete to date in the Joliet Public Library. P WocHENBLATT, i877-i88o(?) : A German paper, moved from Beecher by Charles M. Henssgen; ran about three years; Mentioned in Ayer for 1881. JONESBORO, UNION COUNTY Gazette, 1849 to date: This paper was established and edited by Thomas J. Finley and John Evans. They sold it to H. E. Hemp- stead, who conducted it for nearly two years, and then John KANE, GREENE COUNTY 209 Grear appeared as editor, 1855-1857. Then it passed into the hands of Governor Dougherty and espoused the cause of Democ- racy as represented by Stephen A. Douglas, but later it supported the principles of the Breckenridge wing. The paper was next sold to a joint stock company, and edited by Mr. McKinney. In i860 it came under the control of James Evans, who, in 1861, sold it to William Jones. In 1863 it was suppressed because it interfered with the work of recruiting volunteers. The order of suppression was soon revoked and the publication was revived by Joel G. Morgan, who, in 1864, sold it to J. D. Ferryman. During the greater part of its existence up to this time it was editea by Dr. Sidney S. Condon. T. F. Bouton became owner in 1866. He sold in 1893 to A. S. Tibbets, the present owner and editor. Bouton is said to have made the Gazette the most influential Democratic paper in southern Illinois, and to have been himself the most widely known of Illinois country editors. Files (incomplete to 1864) in the ofl&ce. A Union County Democrat, 1858: It was established by a joint stock company and edited by A. H. Marscholk. It was a Doug- las paper intended to counteract the influence of the Gazette, which was then an anti-Douglas organ. After the election of 1858 the ojffice was moved to Anna. Union County Record, i860 (?): Conducted by W. H. Mitchell, Anna, lUinois. It was short-lived and succeeded by another short lived paper, the Union County Herald. Re- publican. Advertiser, 1871-1878: Established by George M. Dougherty. Republican. JUBILEE COLLEGE, ROBIN'S NEST, PEORIA COUNTY Motto, July 26, 1847 ( ?) : A small pamphlet issued at irregular intervals of from one to six months in the interest of Jubilee Col- lege, established in 1847 by the Episcopal church of the diocese of Illinois. Much of the matter was contributed by Bishop Philander Chase. The publication was continued at least to October, 1852. SH KANE, GREENE COUNTY Express, 1873 (?): An edition of the White Hall Register; edited by Charles H. Johnson to 1876; Henry Johnson; then Will O. Reed. Independent. Times, 1874 ( ?) : An edition of the CarroUton Gazette. J. S. Can* editor; Price and Sons publishers, in 1879. 2IO ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS KANKAKEE, KANKAKEE COUNTY Gazette, 1853 to date: Edited by A. Chester, 1853-1856; D. S. Parker, 1856-1869. In the absence of Mr. Parker as a soldier during the Civil War, Mr. J. B. Atkinson conducted and edited the paper. For a brief period Mr. W. F. Keady was associated with Parker. In 1869 Mr. Parker sold to Charles Holt. The first numbers of the Gazette were published in Chicago by the Chicago Journal Company, there being no place yet built in Kan- kakee where a press could be set up. This continued for a few weeks only, when the press and type were sent to Kankakee, and for a time the work was done in the open air under the shade of a friendly tree. In December, 1886, the firm became Charles Holt and Sons. March, 1905, Clarence E. Holt purchased his brother's interest and the firm became Charles and C. E. Holt. Charles Holt died July 21, 1908, at the age of ninety-one and the Gazette became the property of Clarence E. Holt. F Democrat, 1858-1862; 1864 to date: Eaited for a short time by Cyrus B. Ingham and H. Austin; next by Messrs. Austin and James Green. This partnership was soon dissolved and Hon. A. C. Lake assumed the editorship. Mr. Lake sold to B. A. Fuller, who conducted the paper through the Buchanan cam- paign. Mr. Fuller sold to W. N. Bristol, who continued to edit amd publish it until 1859, when J. B. and Gabriel Durham pur- chased it. Messrs. Durham published it until 1862, when they joined the army and its publication ceased. In 1864 Cyrus Ingham resumed the publication and later sold to W. L. Henry, who published it until 1881. In December, 1881, Mr. Henry sold it to E. B. Buck, and the name was changed to Herald. In 1885 Mr. Buck sold it to R. H. Ballinger, who changed the title of the paper to Chie}. Ballinger sold the paper in 1887 to Alfred Doolittle and W. J. Brock. It was then published under the name of the Kankakee County Democrat. W. J. Brock bought Mr. Doolittle's interest in 1888, and continued to publish the paper until January, 1892. In 1892 it was purchased by the Democrat Publishing Company; T. B. Collins and J. B. Smith publishers. A daily was started in connection with the weekly, February 22, 1892. The paper is now being published by this firm. Journal de l'Illinois, January-September, 1857+ : Founded by A. Grandprd and Claude Petit ; the first French newspaper pub- lished in the state. In September, 1857, it was moved to Chicago. Union, i862-i866(?): A Democratic paper started by Cyrus B. Ingham. KASKASKIA, RANDOLPH COUNTY 211 Review, i865-(after 1880) : Established by N. H. Taylor. Thomas Kelly bought an interest. Sold to W. F. Keady who changed the name to Times. Originally Independent, then Republican ; supported Greeley in 1872; became a Greenback organ; then supported Garfield in 1880. Times, 1868 to date: Owned by W. F. Keady; George B. Keady and Company, 1881: Livingston and Keady, 1881 (?) ; Keady and Ernest Shaw owned the paper in 1883 ; Dunlap and Livingston in 1897, with H. J. Dunlap as editor. Republican. Name changed to Republican in ; now published by Kan- kakee Republican Company; M. H. Bassett, editor. Courrier de lTllinois, 1868- (after 1883) : Established by a num- ber of French citizens under the management of A. Grandprd, who later became owner. Republican. U Herald, i872-(after 1882) : H. C. Henry, editor and publisher. Between 1880 and 1882 he sold to E. B. Buck. Democratic. HU KANSAS, EDGAR COUNTY News, 1873-1877 : W. W. Bishop was editor and publisher. Republican Sun, 1878 (?): William S. Rose was editor and publisher in 1879. Probably changed to Journal. Republican. Citizen, 1868-1873 : E. F. Chittenden was editor and publisher. KASKASKIA, RANDOLPH COUNTY Illinois Herald, 1814^-18164- : The first paper in Illinois, pub- lished by Matthew Duncan,^ printer to the territory and publisher of the laws of the Union to 1815 ; Robert Blackwell and Daniel ' Vol. I, no. 30. is dated December 13, 1814. If the paper was regularly issued and numbered, it must therefore have been begun June 24, 1814. But an advertisement in the one number extant is dated May 28, 1814. 2 Matthew Duncan, the first printer in Illinois, was an elder brother of Governor Joseph Duncan. He was bom in Kentucky: after graduation from Yale College, he returned to his native state, and for a time edited a paper at Russellville entitled the Mirror, 'which had been established November i, 1806. From that he became editor of Farmer's Friend, begun in the same town in 1809. Ninian Edwards, first territorial governor of Illinois, had been a lawyer at Russell- ville and was his friend. Through him Duncan secured the printing of the first edition of the Illinois Territorial Laws, issued from his press in 1813. In the next year Duncan moved his printing establishment to Kaskaskia and began the Illinois Herald. In December of 1814 he issued the first pamphlet publishedin Illinois, and in June, 1815, the first book, volume one of "Pope's Digest." Having sold his paper to Daniel P. Cook and Robert Blackwell in 181 7, Duncan abandoned journal- ism and entered the army, in which he rose to some prominence, and saw active service in the Black Hawk War. On October 4, 1832, he was made captain of Rangers, and in 1833 became captain of the First Dragoons. After four years of service he resigned from the army and went into business at Shelbyville, where he died on January 16, 1844. (Julia Duncan Kirby, Joseph Duncan, Fergus Hist. Ser. no. 21, Chicago, 1888. Reuben Gold Thwaites, The Ohio Valley Press before the War of 1812-15, p. 43.) 212 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS P. Cook, 1815-1817. In 1817 Elijah C. Berry became a co- editor. A small sheet, with _ four columns to the page, and largely given over to the printing of official documents. In the hands of Blackwell and Cook, state printers, the name was changed to S Western Intelligencer, +1816-1818+: It was published weekly. Following are the files in the St. Louis Mercantile Library: 1816 — Vol. i runs from May 15, 1816, to May 21, 1817. The volume is incomplete, lacking July 2, 16 ; September, 12,19,26; October 9, 16. 1817 — There is lacking February 26; May 28; June 4, II, 18, 25; Jidy 2 to September 3. 1818 — From January-May 20 the file is complete excepting February 18. With the issue of May 27 the paper became the EM Illinois Intelligencer, +May 27, 1818-1820+ : Moved to Van- dalia in 1820. The files for 1818 and 1819 are complete except for March 31, 1819, in the St. Louis Mercantile Library. EMHA Republican Advocate, February 27, 1823-March 2, 1824+ : A pro- slavery paper established and nominally edited by R. K. Fleming. Elias Kent Kane seems to have been the real editor until he was elected to the Senate in 1824, after which time John Reynolds was probably in control. The paper was in favor of a conven- tion in 1824 and of slavery, but was open to letters against both causes. It supported Crawford. With the number for January 22, 1824, the editorship passed to William Orr, who changed the title to F Kaskaskla Republican, +March 9, i824-i825(?): William Orr was editor and gave ardent support to the convention party. The paper was still being published in October, but was tem- porarily discontinued, probably in 1825. After a period of sus pension it was revived as ASF Illinois Reporter, i826-i829(?): William Orr was editor. He denied aflBliation with any party in the State, and felt impelled to rally the virtuous and intelligent to the standard of another party. Apparently his rally was not successful, for he sold to Sidney Breeze within a few months — in June or July. Under Breeze the paper supported the administration and Daniel P. Cook, though Breeze had been a Jackson man. L. O. Schrader was Breeze's publisher for a while, and was probably succeeded in 1828 by R. K. Fleming. A Western Democrat, August 19, 1829-1830+ : Established by R. K. Fleming. Hooper Warren announced, in the Galena Adver- tiser for August 31, receipt of the first number, saying, "This is the sixth paper now published in Illinois." The editorial ad- dress included, "As we published, in this state, pending the late KEITHSBURG, MERCER COUNTY 213 presidential canvass, the only paper which took a decided stand in favor of the successful competitor for the first oflSce in the nation, it will scarcely be expected by those who were, of right, in the opposition, that we should now retrace our steps . . . etc." Although Fleming was printer, and the only person whose name appeared on the paper, it is clear that Sidney Breeze was really editor. He wrote to Ninian Edwards September 21, 1830: "If I remain in politics I am determined to make Gov. Reynolds choose between Smith ana myself, in other words between the Crisis Siiid Democrat. . . . Do give your views of them, edito- rially, thro' me, in the Democrat." The paper supported Rey- nolds for governor. Title changed to A Kaskaskia Democrat, -I- January 2, 1 830-1 831: In the issue for November 27, 1830 (vol. 2, no. 9) the editor announced that the paper had 300 subscribers. In the Western Ploughboy for January 24, 1832, a news item reveals that "the Kaskaskia Democrat has been discontinued." A file, in two bound volumes, was in the library of Judge Sidney Breeze at the time of his death, but it has not been recently located. AM Randolph Free Press, 1832: Published by R. K. Fleming. Short-lived. Republican, June, 1840-1849; Published at first by James Fitz- simmons. At the beginning of vol. 2 J. D. Owings and M. Morrison were editors ; William E. Jones was proprietor. Pub- lication was suspended in 1844, and the outfit was bought by Pierre Menard, who allowed any one to use it who would run a paper. Publication was revived in 1846 by Parsons Percy and a Mr. Wallace. Fromthemit passed in 1848 to Peter W. Baker; then B. J. F. Hanna bought the plant, and in 1849 removed it to Chester, where he published the Herald. Cairo SA KEITHSBURG, MERCER COUNTY Observer, 1856-18584- : It was edited by Col. Patterson. In- dependent as to politics, Changed to Mercer County Democrat, 4-1858-1859: A Democratic paper edited by W. R. Calhoun. Northern Illinois Commercial, 1859: Short-lived. Published by a commercial companv with Mr. Calhoun as editor. Democratic Press, 1860-1861: Owned by Thomas B. Cabeen and conducted by V. B. Shouf. Observer, 1862-1870: A revival of the former Observer, by J. A. J. and G. D. B. Birdsall. The latter seems not to have been actively connected with the paper. At first non-partisan; later Democratic. Sold in 1865 to A. G. Lucas, who conducted it as 214 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS a Republican paper for one year and sold to Isaac McManus, who after six months sold to Theodore Glancey. In 1870 Glancey sold the paper and it was removed. West End Kerana, 1871-1873 : Established by Theodore Glancey; afterward called Kerana. Henry Hurst, and later Edward Thomas, were connected with Glancey on the paper. News, April, 1874 to date: Started by W. C. Brown. Afterward owned by Taylor and Blackman, T. B. Cabeen and C. A. Fricke, and William H. Heaton. Heaton secured the paper in 1877 and conducted it as a Greenback publication. It has been con- ducted by George W. Dick since 1902. U KENNEY, DeWITT COUNTY Register, 1875-1876: Owned and edited by W. L. Glessner, pub- lisher of the Clinton Register. The Kenney Register was printed in the oflSce of the Clinton Register, and distributed in Kenney. It was continued more than one year, beginning July 16, 1875. Record, 1877: Established by J. W. Wolfe; published one year, then abandoned. The office was moved to Mt. Pulaski, Logan county. KEWANEE, HENRY COUNTY Henry County Dial, 1855-1868-I- : It was run by citizens of Ke- wanee and edited by J. H. Howe until September, 1855, when C. Bassett became its owner. In June, 1856, he sold it to J. H. Howe and H. M. Patrick. November 13, 1856, Mr. Howe sold his interest to his partner, who associated O. White with himself as editor. Mr. White withdrew January 8, 1857. Mr. Patrick conducted it alone, 1857-1858; L. D. Bishop, 1858- 1860. J. E. Wheeler, one of the founders of the Chicago Tribune, was editor from 1858 or 1859 until 1866. He was succeeded by Hiram Wyatt, who associated with himself Mr. Shurtleff during the campaign of 1868. George W. Wilson soon became editor and proprietor and he sold to N. W. FuUer, who changed the name to the F Kewanee Radical, -I- 1868-1870: The paper was discontinued in 1870. Advertiser, February, 1856 (?): Established by Chauncey Bassett. The first of several papers bearing this name. F Tenney, Hardy and Company's Advertiser, 1856-1863 : Issued the first year by Tenney, Hardy, and Company, then by C. Bassett. It was published monthly. Union Democrat, July, 1863-November, 1864: Published by C. Bassett. P KIRKWOOD, WARREN COUNTY 215 Advertiser, April, 1866-November, 1867 : Started by C. Bassett. Illinois Advertiser, 1868-1869 : Issued from the office of the Dial as an aavertising sheet. Advertiser, July, 1870-1871+ : Started by C. Bassett and after six months changed to Independent, +1871 (?): Edited and published by C. Bassett. Discontinued after 1895, the Democrat succeeding. Public School Messenger, January, 1870-1872: Edited by W. H. Russell, superintendent of schools. Published one year by N. W. FuUer, and one by C. Bassett. P Courier, March, 1876 to date: Established by C. N. Whitney, who retired in 1879, when T. H. Chesley and Brother leased the plant. In January, 1882, it was purchased by T. H. Chesley, who published it twenty years, when it was sold to L. W. Chand- ler and others. In 1896 it was purchased by Delano and Hen- derson, soon afterward again to the management of T. H. Ches- ley. In May, 1898, it was consolidated with the Star under the name of the Star-Courier, published daUy and weekly. It is now owned and continued under this name by the Kewanee Printing and Publishing Company. DaUy began in 1895. P KINMUNDY, MARION COUNTY Telegram. 1867-18684- : Established by Col. J. W. Fuller; sold to H. H. Chesley, who in 1868 sold to out Messrs. O'Bryant and Pyles. In July, 1868, Pyles withdrew, when O'Bryant changed the name to Democrat, -f 1868 4-: In four months the name was again changed to Independent, -I-1868 to date: Hazleton bought an interest in the paper; his connection was brief. In November, 1871, Edward Freeman purchased the office. In 1873 J. R. Grove became partner. In three months Grove withdrew. Freeman was editor and publisher in 1879; F. O. Grissom in 1907. Neutral in politics. U Bulletin, January i-April, 1875 : Edited and published by T. B. Pyles. Thirteen numbers were issued. Register, April i-September, 1879: Established by W. L. Arnold. Twenty-six numbers were issued, after which the plant was taken back to Salem, whence it had been brought. KIRKWOOD, WARREN COUNTY News, 1875-1880: W. H. Leedham was editor and publisher. 2i6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS KNOXVILLE, KNOX COUNTY Journal, 1849-1856: Edited by John S. Winter under the firm name of Winter and Collins, 1849-185 2 ; Mr. Winter, sole editor and proprietor, 1852-1855 ; John Regan, 1855-1856. It was at first Independent as to politics. Under Mr. Regan it became a Democratic paper. F Journal and Advertiser, i856(?) : Listed in Coggeshall's news- paper directory for 1856. Knox Republican, October 8, 1856 to date: First edited by John Regan. Started as a campaign sheet two weeks prior to the presidential election in 1856; two weeks after the election it passed into the hands of John S. Winter, John Winter, and R. M. Unions. April 7, 1858, John S. Winter and Company retired from the management and Beatty and Robinson became editors and publishers. Mr. Beatty retired, leaving W. T. Robioson publisher and sole proprietor, who in 1875 sold out to F. A. Lanstrum. In 1876 it fell into the hands of the present editor and publisher, O. L. Campbell. It is said that this paper was the first to bring out the name of Abraham Lincoln for the presidency in i860. F Zion's Baner, 1871 (?): Edited by Rev. C. Anderson, pub- lished by George Larkee. A Swedish-Lutheran Journal, semi- monthly. (See under Galesburg, p. 186.) Knox County Review, 1879 (?): N. J. Crump was editor and publisher. Independent. Diocese, 1874-1878-t- : Edited by Charles W. Leffingwell, Rector of St. Mary's School, Knoxville. January i, 1879, the name was changed to Province (vol. 6, no. i), edited by George H. Higgins, and published in Galesburg. A religious monthly, published in the interests of the Episcopal church. HU KYTE RIVER, OGLE COUNTY Leader, i86i(?): Listed without details in Kenney's American Newspaper Directory for 1861. LACON, MARSHALL COUNTY Herald, 183 7-1 840 -f- : At some time after March 18, 1840, became the A Illinois Gazette, 4-1840-18664-: Which was changed in 1866 to the F Home Journal, -|-i8664- : and later the Journal, +1866 to date: Under these names edited by A. N. Ford, 1837-1858; Joshua Allen, 1858-1866; Spencer Ellsworth, 1866- 1884; Spencer Ellsworth, Jr., 1884-1896; W.B.Powell, 1896- LAKE ZURICH, LAKE COUNTY 217 1897; Charles F. Hacker has been editor and publisher since 1897. It was a weekly paper supporting at first Whig, and after- ward Republican principles. Files are in possession of W. H. Ford, Lacon, and of Spencer Ellsworth, National Stock Yards, St. Clair county. Herald, 1850-1854+: Editors: Jesse Lynch, J. W. Mason, Chandler and Golliday. P. K. Barrett was editorial successor of Mr. Chandler. It was an advocate of Democracy. Changed to Sentinel, +1854-1869+: Editors: John Harney, 1854-1857; Ira Norris, 1857-1869; William French, 1869. Mr. French sold to Myers and Bell and the name became the Illinois Statesman, +1869-1873: French and Greist as editors and publishers, 1869; C. DeHart and Company, 1870; William French, 1871 ; Bell and Wilson, 1872; W. B. Tapley, 1873. Intelligencer, i85s-(after 1858) : Edited and published in 1858 by Ira Norris. F Democrat, 1867-1868 : Established by J. S. Ford, who discontinued the paper after one year. An ofl&ce was subsequently brought from Chillicothe and the publication continued. Marshall County Democrat, 1876 to date: In 1879 William B. Whiffen was editor and publisher; in 1908 Frank C. Sorrels. LaHARPE, HANCOCK COUNTY Hancock Democrat, +1853 : Edited by Dr. Rankin, who removed it from Warsaw, ran it a few months, and sold to Thadeus Clark and Wesley H. Manier. He moved it to Carthage and established the Republican. (See Warsaw Commercial Journal.) Star of the West, 1858 ori859: Published by Henry King and Frank Nash. Short-lived. Home News, 1869 (?): Published by James L. King. Con- tinued but a short time. Leader, November, 1 874-1 875+ : Begun by H. G. Rising. After a year it was sold to L. S. Cogswell, who changed it to La Harper, -1-1875 to date: Sold in 1878 to J. C. Coulson, who continues to publish it. Eflfie M. Coulson is editor. Indepen- dent. Files from 1906 in the oflSce. U LAKE ZURICH, LAKE COUNTY Lake Zurich Banker, 1856: Edited and published by Seth Paine. It was "devoted to manhood without distinction of sex, color, nation, or condition." Paine conducted an "untainted money" bank, and ran the paper to expound his principles. He was afterward sent to an insane asylum. 2i8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS LAMOILLE, BUREAU COUNTY Chronicle, 1871-1872: Established by C. N. Whitney; edited and published by him. Clipper, 1876 (?): Edited by R. P. Chadwick. LANARK, CARROLL COUNTY Carroll County Banner, i 864-1 871 : Published by John R. Hew- lett until September, 1867, when the paper was sold to James E. Millard, who discontinued publication in 187 1. The equipment was sold and moved to Davis, Illinois, thence to Pecatonica, where it was used in the office of the News. Carroll County Gazette, 1868 to date: John R. Howlett re- moved the office of the Gazette from Shannon (which see). When Howlett sold the Banner to MDlard he agreed not to pub- lish a paper in Lanark within one year. Millard soon secured an injunction to stop the publication of the Gazette. Howlett then sold the paper to John M. Adair, who ran it six months and sold it to Howlett. The office was destroyed by fire April 29, 1872. After a few days the paper was continued by the Gazette Printing Company, with Howlett as editor and manager, until 1875. George Hay ran the Gazette two months, then took W. W. Lowis as a partner. In 1877 Hay sold out to F. H. B. Mc- Dowell, who later in the year secured entire control. W. G. wed was editor and publisher in 1908. The Brethren at Work, i876-i88o(?) : Established and edited by J. H. Moore, M. M. Eshelman, and J. T. Meyers. In 1877 Meyers' interest was bought by S. H. Bashor. In 1880 M. M. Eshelman, S. J. Harrison, and J. W. Stein were editors and publishers. In a way this paper was a continuation of the Brethren's Messenger, published by J. T. Meyers in German- town, Pennsylvania. A Dunkard paper. LANE (now ROCHELLE), OGLE COUNTY Leader, i853-i86i-F : Published by John R. Howlett, 1858-1861. Changed to Patriot, -fi86i-i862-f : It was edited by Prof. James A. Butter- field. Its publication was suspended and in 1863 it was revived as the Register, 1863 to date: When the name of the town was changed, in 1865, the name of the paper was changed to correspond. (See Rochelle.) LA ROSE, MARSHALL COUNTY Vidette, 1872 to date: In 1876-1879 T. M. Hatton was editor, S. Ellsworth, publisher, and the paper was printed in the office of the Lacon Home Journal. In 1880 the Vidette Company were LAWNRIDGE, MARSHALL COUNTY 219 publishers. By 1884 the Vidette Publishing Company were editors and publishers. It afterward (before 1891) became Reveille edited and published by Spencer Ellsworth. A Re- publican paper. LA SALLE, LA SALLE COUNTY Standard, 1851-1852: Mr. C. C. Bonney and W. H. Powell were editors, and H. W. Underbill was publisher. Herald, 1852-1854+ : Published and edited by Daniel Evans. It appeared weekly and its columns were devoted to the interests of the Democratic party. It became the F Journal, +1854-1858: Edited by J. A. Kirkpatrick. It was moved to Peru. Watchman, 1852-1855+: A Whig paper, published by E. T. Bridges. It first appeared weekly and afterwards semi-weekly. It was discontinued in November, 1855, having been sold to E. C. Webster, who changed it to the EF La Salle County Press, -I-1856-1883-I- : Started by Charles Boynton and E. C. Webster. After December 10, 1856, to 1883 it was run by Mr. Webster alone, except from 1858-1860, when R. C. Stevens was a partner. Independent as to politics until May, 1856, when it became an organ of Republicanism. In 1883 Mr. Webster sold to A. J. Reddick, who began the Democrat- Press. F Independent, August 6, 1853 '■ Begun under the editorship of T. S. Seybold and Company. It had a short life. DEMOcitA.T Standard, 1858-1860: Published by K. T. Barrett. Reporter, 1871-1876: Founded by A. C. Rathbon and Willard H. Smith. In 1875 Willard H. Smith sold to A. A. Bassett. Paper lived one year longer. Independent, 1875-1876: Edited and published by Willard H. Smith. Republican paper. Purchased by A. J. Reddick, who started the Democrat, 1876-18834- : Edited and published by A. J. Reddick. The plant was burned 1883; Reddick then bought the Press and continued the Democrat-Press. Volksblatt, 1877 : Started by F. Arste ; lived six months. German. LAWNRIDGE, MARSHALL COUNTY Citizen, 1868-1870 : Wolfe and Casson were editors and publishers in 1869. The paper was printed at the office of the Chillicothe Citizen. 220 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS LAWRENCEVILLE, LAWRENCE COUNTY Star Spangled Banner, i 847-1 848+ : A non-political paper under the editorship of J. F. Buntin. Changed to American Banner, + 1848-1856+ : Mr. Buntin moved it to Olney, from Olney to Russellville and then back to Lawrenceville. Changed to Lawrenceville Banner, +1856-1858+ : Still edited by Mr. Bun- tin, who changed the name to Western Globe, +1858-1868+ : At first it was edited b} H. C. McCleave and D. L. Brewer, who made it a Democratic paper. Mr. Buntin finally came into possession of it and associated with him for a time Nat. Lander. Mr. Buntin made it a Re- publican paper and called it the Lawrence County Globe, +1868+ : In 1868 Buntin took it to Cumberland county. Lawrence County Journal, i867-i869(?)+ : A Democratic paper owned and edited by W. C. Luken. J. F. Buntin bought the paper in i869(?) and made it the Lawrence County Courier, +i869-i872(?) : Published by J. F. Buntin for a part of the time from an office in Bridgeport. Twice burned out. Lawrence County Democrat, 1871-1873+ : Established October, 1871, by W. C. Garrard, editor and publisher. Sold after two years to S. B. Rowland, who changed the name to Farmers' Union, +1873-1874+: T. B. Lowery was editor and ran the paper in the interest of the Grange movement. In 1874 it became the Democratic Herald, +1874 to date (1895): J. W. Mehaffy suc- ceeded Lowery as editor and made a Democratic paper of the sheet. Rowland sold in December, 1875, to James K.. Dicker- son, who sold in December, 1878, to Riley and Garrard. Will M. Garrard became owner in January, 1880. After one year Huffman and Meserve bought the paper ana Frank C. Meserve became editor. In 1891-1895 Charles F. Breen was editor. Rural Republican, 1873 to date (1895) : Established by Daniel L. Gold. In 1874 or 1875 Mary Buntin bought the paper. She sold to Sam B. Day in November, 1880. In 1891 E. S. Kings- bury and Company were editors and publishers ; H. B. Andrews, 1895. LEBANON, ST. CLAIR COUNTY Illinois Advocate and Lebanon Journal, 1848-1852 : A religious paper published under the direction of the Trustees of McKen- dree College; edited by E. Wentworth and others. LENA, STEPHENSON COUNTY 221 Literary Gem, 1855-1856: Published by Collins Van Cleve. It was Republican. Illinois Sons of Temperance, 1860-1862 : Established by George W. Moore and James P. Snell. In 1862 it was suspended. Journal, 1867 to date: Established by H. H. Simmons. In 1873 he sold to Dr. T. W. Eckert who in 1875 sold to J. S. Padon. In 1876 Eckert repurchased the paper and in 1877 sold to Nelson Ab- bott. Mortgage was foreclosed and the paper reverted to Eckert. In 1878 he sold to J. R. Connor, who in turn sold to J. F. Ash and the name was changed to Reveille. In 1881 the office passed into the hands of O. V. Jones and in the same year it was changed back to Journal. Jones associated with himself C. W. Metzer for three months. In 1885 at the death of Jones, his son, Wil- Ham L. Jones, became sole editor, owner, and publisher. Courier, 1876: Established by E. H. EUiff. A Democratic cam- paign paper. At close of campaign the office was moved to Red Bud. McKendree Repository, 1867-1876: At first edited and pub- lished by students of McKendree College ; later by members of the literary societies of that institution. A semi-monthly. LEE, LEE COUNTY Monitor, 1878 (?): Established by Ena G. Cass and J. B. Gardner, May, 1878. Printed in the office of the Lee County Times, Paw Paw Grove. LEMONT, COOK COUNTY Gazette, 1870: B. Van Buren was editor and publisher. Phoenix, 1877-1879: W. P. Haughey was editor, McDonald Fer- ries and Company publishers in 1877 ; Haughey was editor and publisher in 1879. Printed at the office of the Joliet Phoenix. LENA, STEPHENSON COUNTY Star, January 4, 1867 to date: Established by John W. Gishwiller and Samuel J. Dodds, with Dodds as editor. In March Dodds withdrew, and in May John M. Shannon took control of the paper. James S. McCaU bought out Shannon on February 12, 1869, and James W. Newcomer became editor and manager. W. W. Lowis bought the paper April 5, 1878, and sold to A. O. Rupp April, 1892. Irving S. Crotzer bought it the next year. Charles O. Piper bought the paper on March 24, 1905, and com- bined with it the Independent (established 1900) , the property was held by an incorporated company. Howard C. Anman became editor and manager August 27, 1908. October 22, 1909, D. W. 222 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Gahagan bought the concern and is running the paper. Repub- lican. Published twice a week, November 3, 1908-May 7, 1909. Files in office. LE ROY, McLEAN COUNTY Exchange, September, 1870-1872 : Established and conducted by J. W. Wolfe. He is said to have gone then to Mt. Pulaski and to have started the Citizen, although the account of that paper does not agree in detail with such a statement. Sucker State, 1871 : A short-lived paper started by J. S. Harper; in 1872 Harper and Salim were editors and publishers. Enterprise, 1874: Established by C. M. Davis. Independent. TJ LEWISTOWN, FULTON COUNTY Fulton Democrat, 1840 (?): The first paper printed in Lewistown; was published in 1840 by William McDowell for perhaps a year. Fulton Banner, 1843-1845: Published by Billmire and Conner. A paper of the same name was published in Canton on 1846. Republican, March 19, 1844-1854: Edited by Henry Young. It was a Whig paper and favored Clay's election to the presidency. A Fulton Gazette, 1845-1846: Published by Charles McDowell and J. M. Davidson. Illinois Public Ledger, 1850-1854: It was established and at first edited by S. S. Brooks, later by C. E. Griffith. Joseph Dyckes was its proprietor. Moved to Canton. S Fulton Democrat, July, 1855 to date: The first editor was J. M. Davidson, 1855-1858; Davidson Brothers for a brief time in 1858; Wflliam T. Davidson, 1858 to date. For a few months called Lewistown Democrat. Independent-Democratic in poli- tics. F Illinois Public Register, 1854: Published thirteen weeks by J. M. Rankin. Union, 1864 (1865?)-! 871: Established by DeWitt Bryant. Changed hands often, being owned for a time by Phelps and Bryant, then by Phelps and G. A. Hyde, then by G. A. Hyde and his father, and finally by G. A. Hyde alone. The paper ceased publication in 1871 when the equipment was moved to Ipava. News, 1875 to date: Established by George Yarnell to advertise his job office. He made it a regular newspaper in 1876. No- vember, 1879, it was merged with the Vermont Chronicle, taking the name News-Chronicle, published by Yarnell and W. L. Ketchum, of the Chronicle. In 1881 it passed into the hands of LINCOLN, LOGAN COUNTY 223 Sdah Wheadon, who took L. C. Breeden into partnership in 1882. Wheadon died in 1883 and Breeden continued as editor and publisher until 1906, when he was succeeded by W. D. Meek. Democratic since 1883. LEXINGTON, McLEAN COUNTY Globe, 1858-1863: Established in 1858 by James D. Moudy with J. A. Anderson as associate editor. Moudy sold to Ira A. Bat- terton and W. F. Craig in March, 1859. Batterton sold out to Craig in the fall of 1859. Craig sold his interest in the paper to George W. Knotts and Jacob C. Mahan in i860. The Globe was Independent in politics until Batterton and Craig purchased it; it then became and remained strongly Republican. Files from 1859 to 1861 in possession of A. V. Pierson, Lexington, Illinois. It was succeeded by the Herald, April, 1863 (?) : Established by Isaac S. Mahan with John D. Rogers as associate editor. Independent in politics. A few copies are in possession of A. V. Pierson, Lexington, Illinois. Courier, April, 1 869-1 871+ : Established by J. W. Fisher and E. W. Edwards. They sold to Thomas Faddis, who then sold to Bovard Brothers. Independent. They changed the name to Banner, +1871-1872: H. H. Parkinson was publisher. Pro- . hibition. Mackinaw Sentinel, January, 1 871-1873 + : Independent. Es- tablished by John D. Rogers and I. S. Mahan. They were suc- ceeded bv C. M. King, who changed the name of the paper to Enterprise, -|-i873-i877(?): C. M. King was editor and pub- lisher. Independent. Monitor, 1875 (?): Established by Bovard Brothers. Local Leader, 1879-1883-I- : Established by Keifer and Leek. C. M. Leek was editor in 1879. In March, 1883, it was suc- ceeded by the Review, of which W. H. Shepherd and Stark were proprietors. Greenback. LINCOLN, LOGAN COUNTY Herald, January i, 1856 to date: It was founded and eaited by Koudy and Fuller, 1856; Joseph Reed, 1856-1857 ; O. C. Dake for a joint stock company of twelve persons, 1857-1860; A. B. McKenzie had a controlling interest, 1860-1863 ; J. C. Webster, 1863-1866; Andrew McGalliard, 1866-1873; Smith and Mills, 1873-1877; F. B. Mills, 1877-1901; Pinkerton and Cross com- bined the paper with the JSlews as the News-Herald; Morris Emmerson, 1902 to date. ' A daily issue since 1902. Repub- lican. 224 ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS Logan County Dkmocrat, 1856-1863 + : Controlled by a joint stock company, 1856-1863 ; Samuel Johnson from late in 1863 until he sold it to J. C. Webster, in 1864, who merged it into the Herald. Under Mr. Johnson it was known as the Logan County Couriee, +1864. E Experiment, January 4, i860 (?): Established by Stephenson and Bowen ; issued daily. It was published but a few months. Intelligencer, June, 1866-1869 : Established by Henry Sturgess. Sold in 1867 to D. L. Ambrose. The paper was discontinued in Lincoln, 1869, and moved to Winchester, Scott county. Republican. Statesman, 1867-1873+: Established by Thomas J. Sharp. About December, 1873, the Statesman was bought by Samuel Reed, who formed a partnership with R. B. Forrest of the Journal The two papers were united to form the Lincoln Times. Demo- cratic. Silver Leaf, i872(?) (?): An amateur monthly, conducted by James T. Freeman in 1872. Journal, May to December, 1873+ : Founded by Wallace Nail, who sold in December, 1873, to R. B Forrest. The latter formed a partnership with Samuel Reed, and they merged the Journal and the Statesman into the Times. Democratic. Times, +December, 1873 to date: Formed late in 1873 or early in 1874 by the union of the Statesman and the Journal; Samuel Reed and R. B. Forrest, publishers. December, 1875 to 1880 Wallace Nail and Brother were proprietors. On January i, 1880, the Times was sold to T. H. Stokes, 1 880-1 895; Smith and Baskett, 1896-1903. Sold to John Edmonds and Clara W. Moulden and consolidated with Courier as Times-Courier. Alumni Journal, 1873-1877 : A college monthly, published by the alumni of Lincoln University. Illinois Volksfreund, February, 1874-1875 : Established by T. J. Sharp; bought in spring of same year by L. P. Wolf and Charles E. Knorr. Knorr retired in October, 1874, leaving Wolf sole owner. German. In 1875 the paper was purchased by Mr. Fisher, who changed the name to the VoLKSBLATT, +1875 to date: Bought by Nail Brothers in 1876. C. E. Knorr bought it again in 1877 and conducted it imtil 1898. In 1898 it was bought by P. F. Mueller and consolidated with the Rundschau (established 1896), as the Volkshlatt-Rundschau. It was bought in 1905 by Sexauer Brothers. In 1908 Emil Sexauer purchased the interest of B. F. Sexauer and now is the sole proprietor and publisher. Democratic. LINCOLN, LOGAN COUNTY 225 Sharp's Weekly Statesman, February, 1874-1876: Founded by Thomas J. Sharp. Democratic. November, 1875, Sharp asso- ciated with himself Colonel W. D. Wyatt, and they started in connection with Sharp's Weekly Statesman the Daily Statesman, November i, 1875-1876+: Established by Thomas J. Sharp and Colonel W. D. Wyatt. April, 1876, Mrs. Anna Wyatt became owner and changed the name to Daily News, +1876-1877+ : Changed from Daily Statesman by Mrs Anna Wyatt, owner, from April, 1876. Colonel Wyatt remained as editor until August, 1876. From then until March 17, 1877, the ofl&ce was leased to Samuel Reed, Joseph B. Bates purchased it March 17, 1877, and established the Logan County Republican, +1877-1879: Established by Joseph B. Bates, who had purchased the Dady News, and changed it to a weekly. It was bought February 4, 1879, by F. B. Mills and merged into the Herald. Logan Couot:y Journal, June-October, 1877: Established by E. F. L. Rautenberg. In October, 1877, it was consolidated with the Volksblatt by Nail Brothers, about the time the Volksblatt was sold to Knorr. German. Logan County Bee, 1877: Established by George L. Shoals, editor of the Atlanta Argus. Published six months and discon- tinued. Sentinel, July, 1878-March, 1881 : Established by Dutcher and Pierce ; Pierce withdrew soon after and Dutcher then sold to A. F. Smith; Smith published the paper until March, 1881, when it was discontinued. Daily. Daily News, November, 1878 ( ?) : Established by Wolf and Edmonds; name changed to Dai/yTiwes and later, in July, 1879, to Leader,a;ad published for fifteen months thereafter by Edmonds Brothers. A. O. U. W. AND I. O. M. A. Reporter, 1878-1880: The official organ of Ancient Order of United Workmen and Independent Order of Mutual Aid. Edited and published by William A. Howard. Semi-monthly. Call, March, 1879 : Established by McBeth and Hawley and pub- lished but a few months. Daily. Temperance Bugle, March 15, 1879-1880: "A temperance paper for the West, devoted to Prohibition, Social and Political reform." Edited by Albert F. Smith. Leader, 1879 (?): Established by Edmonds Brothers. Daily. 226 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS LITCHFIELD, MONTGOMERY COUNTY Journal, April, 1855-1863+: Edited and published by H. A. Coolidge, who removed from Cazenovia, N. Y., in February, 1857. In May it announced the views expressed by Douglas in December following. It supported Douglas for senator in 1858 and for president in i860. Leased in 1863 to a Mr. Cook, then to John Harris and Thomas B. Fuller, who changed the name to F Democrat, +i 863-1 864+ : After a year under the editorship of B. F. Burnett, Coolidge sold the office to E. J. Ellis, who changed the name to Prairie City Advocate, +i864-October, 1865+ : This in 1865 became the News, +1865-1867: Owned by E. J. C. Alexander, who made it a Republican paper. Discontinued in April, 1866, though Alex- ander printed part of his Hillsboro Monitor as the News until 1867. Campaigner, i860: A campaign paper established by J. P. Bayless and Dr. H. H. Hood. Only a few numbers were issued. Independent, June-September, 1861 + : Established by Kimball and Taylor; edited by H. A. Coolidge. After fifteen issues consolidated with the Monitor. Illinois Free Press, May, 1862: Removed from Hillsboro by its editor, J. B. Hutchinson. Suspended after a few weeks. Rkpdblican Monitor, December, 1867-1868+ : Edited by B. S. Hood. After four months it became the Union Monitor, +1868 to date (1895): Hood sold to C. L. Bangs and Ed. Gray in 1870, but remained on the staff. After many changes H. A. Coolidge became editor in 1872. B. S. Hood became editor again on 1878, and continued untU after 1884. In 1891-1895 S. W. Kessinger was editor and publisher. Review, Summer — December 5, 1872: Established by William Fithian, formerly an editor of the Monitor. George B. Litch- field was printer. Suspended December 5 and material sold to Monitor. Montgomery County Democrat, November, 1874 ( ?) : Estab- lished by G. B. Litchfield, who was connected with Coolidge in the Union Monitor for some time before 1874, and Robert S. Young. After a few months Litchfield assumed sole manage- ment. For a year in 1879-1880 Col. Ben. E. Johnson was asso- ciated with Litchfield as editor and business manager. After Johnson withdrew Litchfield sold to Charles Tobin, who after- ward changed the name to Advocate. U Liberal, 1872 : B. S. Young was editor and publisher. LOCKPORT, WILL COUNTY 227 LITTLE FORT, LAKE COUNTY Little Fort Porcupine and Democratic Banner, March 4, 1845- (after March, 1847) : Established by A. B. Wynkoop as propri- etor, and N. W. Fuller aa publisher. With the number for October 20 N. W. Fuller's name is given as editor; on Sep- tember 22, 1846, A. B. Wynkoop was editor, proprietor and pub- lisher, and remained so to the end of the second volume. H Lake County Visiter, April 20, 1847 ( ?) : H. W. Blodgett was editor and N. W. Fuller publisher. Declined to publish adver- tisements of intoxicating liquors. A file of about six months does not show any change in these items. The paper was pro- hibition and anti-slavery. No mention is made in its columns of the Porcupine. It may be surmised that the Porcupine was discontinued at about the time the Visiter was begun. H LITTLE ROCK, KENDALL COUNTY Press, -I- February, 1854: Edited by Charles R. Fisk. Continued three months and then moved to Mendota. LOCKPORT, WILL COUNTY Will County Telegraph, 1848 (?) : Edited by H. M. Fuller, 1848-1849; edited by judge G. D. A. Parks and published by Mr. Fuller, 1 849-1 850; John M. Moon was editor for citizens who owned it, 1850 ; Dr. J. F. Daggett, who was for a few months, assisted by Mrs. P. W. B. Carothers, 1850-185 7. The paper underwent several changes in proprietors. It was Independent in politics. Vol. 3, no. 2, is in the possession of Frank W. Scott, Urbana, Illinois. NF Phoenix, 1875-1901-!- : Edited by J. S. McDonald. McDonald, Ferriss and Company, publishers in 1876; John Curran, 1884; Leon McDonald, 1891-1901. One of a group of Phoenixes printed in Joliet. Consolidated with Advertiser. American Educator, i875-i882(?): L. W. Applegate, editor and publisher in 1882. Monthly. Standard, 1876-1878-f- : Became Will County Commercial Advertiser, -^1878-19014-: Pub- lished by Hawley and Curran, 18^8-1879; A. G. Hawley, 1880- 1899; T. A. Cheadle, 1899-1901. In 1901 this paper and Phoenix were consolidated under the ownership of the Will County Printing Company, and the editorship of Leon Mc- Donald and T. A. Cheadle. On this basis the paper is still published. Republican. Courier, 1873 to date (1874) : Edited and published by Cook and Grimwood. Independent. 228 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS LODA, IROQUOIS COUNTY Garden State, 1856-1860: Established byD. 8. Crandall; edited and published by C. E. and E. R. Crandall in 1857. Indepen- dent in politics ; continued four years. F Independent, 1866: Published for one year by J. W. Wolfe. News, 1871-1873 : Published for two years by A. E. Rathbun. Register, 1875 to date : Edited and published by Dr. J. C. Dunham. Dr. E. McBumey was editor from about 1890 to 1908. In 1908 Addison G. Curtis became editor. The oflSce of issue was moved to Paxton in 1883. In 1900 Dimham sold the paper to J. W. Dunnan. Times, i879-(after 1891): Edited by Volney Weaver; published by N. E. Stevens. LONG POINT, LIVINGSTON COUNTY Journal, 1872-1873: A short-lived paper issued by Samuel Silik. Printed at the office of the El Paso Journal. LOSTANT, LA SALLE COUNTY Journal, 1872-1873: E. F. Baldwin was editor and publisher. An edition of the El Paso Journal. Republican. LOUISVILLE, CLAY COUNTY Jacksonian Democrat, before 1859-1866: Thomas H. Dawson was editor in 1859 and until 1865, when he sold to John Farris. Farris discontinued it in 1866. Democratic. Voice of the People, 1864-1873+ : A Republican paper edited and published by Edward Hitchcock, 1864-1872; C. R. Davis, 1872-1873. He sold to Kendall and Miller, who changed the name to Clay County Tribune, +1873-1877: Kendall withdrew in 1874 and H. R. MiUer continued the paper until 1877, when the plant was removed to Vandalia. Ledger, 1868-1877 > 1882-1907 : A Democratic paper financed by Robert McCoUum and Gen. James B. Smith. Thomas B. Pyles was editor, 1868-1873; J- A. Apperson, 1873-1875; W. H. Hudelson, 1875-1876; C. R. Davis, 1876-1877; G. Hoff, a short time in 1877; J. T. McCollum became editor in 1877 and changed the title to Ledger Democrat, +1877-1882+ : But when J. A. Henry became editor in 1882 the old name Ledger was resumed. Henry was editor, 1882-1891 ; O. C. Gaston, 1891-1906. The paper was discontinued in 1906, but was revived for a few months in 1907 by John B. Bamhill. McLEANSBORO, HAMILTON COUNTY 229 LOVINGTON, MOULTRIE COUNTY Index, 1875-1876+ : Edited by D. C. Whetzell. In 1876 the paper passed into the hands of W. C. Devore, who changed the name to Free Press, +1876: Edited and published by W. C. Devore. In- dependent. Later he moved to Farmer City. Enterprise, i879-(about 1882) : Established by Benjamin Biddle- come. W. J. Priest was associated with him. In 1880 Priest was succeeded by W. S. Tolby. In 1880, called the Weekly En- terprise. It was discontinued about 1882, after several changes in ownership. LOWELL, LA SALLE COUNTY Genius of Universal Emancipation, (see Hennepin). Genius of Liberty, December 19, 1840-April, 1842 : Established by the La SaUe County Anti-Slavery Society, with Zebina East- man and Hooper Warren as editors and publication agents. Beginning July, 1841, it became the organ of the Illinois Anti- Slavery Society. The paper suspended publication in April, 1842, but was revived three months later in Chicago as Western citizen. HA LOW POINT, WOODFORD COUNTY Sentinel, 1877: Power and Harl, publishers. Democratic. LYNDON, WHITESIDE COUNTY Free Press, 1873-1875: John Gray, editor, Lyndon Publishing Company, publishers. 1874; R. C. Olin, editor, William C. Snyder, publisher, 1875. Printed at the office of the Fulton Journal. Republican. McHENRY, McHENRY COUNTY Plaindealer, 187s to date : A Republican paper with J. Van Slyke as editor and publisher. In 1909 F. G. Schreiner was editor and publisher. McLEANSBORO, HAMILTON COUNTY News, 1855 + : Edited by J. D. Moody. Changed to Sucker, + 1855-1860-!- : Which was edited by A. J. Alden. In all, six volumes were published. In i860 Mr. Alden sold the Sucker to J. W. Meador, who changed the name to Hamilton Express, +1860 (?)+ : J. W. Meador bought the Sucker and renamed it as above. He soon sold to C. C. Car- penter, who renamed the paper 230 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Hamilton Democrat, -\ (?)+ : After a few months a tramp printer named Martin rented the establishment and changed the paper's name to VoxPoPULi, -1 (?): Soon suspended. All of these papers were Democratic. Material afterward sold and used to publish Union Eagle, 1864-1865+ : T. L. Lockhart bought the Vox Populi outfit, and John P. SteUe became editor, conducting it as a Republican paper until the spring of 1865, when it was sold and became the Hamilton Democrat, +i 865-1 869+: Owned by Lorenz Good- ridge, edited and managed by T. T. Wilson as a Democratic paper. Wilson soon retired and the paper was continued by Goodridge until his death, after which C. E. Wolfe was editor for a time. T. B. Stelle then became proprietor. In 1869 R. L. Brown bought the paper and named it the Times, +1869 to date: R. L. Brown sold, in 1872, to George K. and John C. Edwards who supported Horace Greeley for the presidency. M. B . Friend bought the paper in the spring of 1 873 . It was suspended for a time on account of a conflagration. Friend sold in October, 1878, to J. R. and C. Campbell. J. R. Campbell became sole owner in 1883. He was succeeded by Daniel and Howell, who were running the paper in 1907. Later Frank Locket took charge of it. It is now edited by M. E. Daniel. Golden Era, January, 187 2-1 884: Established as a Republican paper by John Coker and John P. Stelle, as Coker and Stelle. In 1873 the proprietors were Stelle and Mrs. Catherine Coker. In January, 1874, W. W. Davisson bought an interest in the paper. Published by Davisson and SteUe until March, 1878, when Davisson assumed full ownership. He sold in 1884 to J. R. Campbell, when it ceased publication. About 1876 the Golden Era became a Greenback paper and remained so until discontinued. Christian Instructor, January , ( ?) 1 87 2 : Edited bj George P. Slade. C. E. Wolfe was one of the publishers. Published but a few months. Progressive Farmer, 1872-1873: Edited by John P. Stelle. A monthly paper published from the office of the Golden Era for about a year. Moved to Evansville, Indiana. Hamilton County Herald, 1876-1878: NUes B. Friend, editor and proprietor. Democratic. It was moved elsewhere after two years. MACOMB, Mcdonough county 231 MACOMB, Mcdonough county McDonoughIndependent,i85i-i85s+ : Begun as an Independent paper edited by George W. Smith and published by Theodore L. Terry. It became Democratic in the last year of its career, advocating the Kansas-Nebraska bill and opposing the repeal of the fugitive slave law. It was changed to McDonough Independent and Democra.tic Review, and on September 14, 1855 + , it was changed to the McDonough Democrat, +1855-1857 : When it became the Demo- crat R. M. Royalty became a partner with Mr. Smith. Mr. Royalty retired in 1856 and Mr. Smith continued its publication until the next year. Enterprise, 1855-1860+ : Established by T. S. Clarke and D. G. Swan with L. H. Waters as editor. First a neutral paper, it soon came to support the anti-Nebraska cause and then the Repub- lican party. Mr. Clarke soon withdrew. In 1855 its publication was discontinued a few weeks, when B. R. Hampton became editor. In 1857 Mr. Swan retired and firm became Hampton and Fowler, 1857-1859. When, in i860, Mr. J. W. Nichols became proprietor, he changed the name to F Military Tract Journal, +1860-1861+ : James K. Magie pur- chased a half-interest and the name became the Journal, -I-1861 to date: Edited by Mr. Nichols, 1862-1864. He sold his interest to Mr. Magie in 1864, and T. S. Clarke became editor soon, assisted by C. L. Sanders. Mr. Magie appeared as editor, 1865; B. R. Hampton, 1865-1870; Mr. Hampton and W. H. Hainline, 1870-1881 ; Mr. Hainline, 1881 to date. There is a complete file in the ofl&ce of the Journal except the first year it was the Enterprise. It was Republican. Eagle, 1856 to date : C. H. Whitaker, proprietor. Democratic. T. J. Dudman was editor in 1908. Ledger, i860 : Started by T. S. Clarke and lived four weeks. Western Light, January-December, 1868 : Established by S. J. Clarke and Charles P. Whitten. Whitten retired after four months. Suspended in December. Illinois Granger, September, 1873-18764- : Started by H. H. Stevens and E. A. Hail. Supported the anti-monopoly move- ment and the Patrons of Husbandry. Its name was changed in 1876 to Independent, -|- March, 1876-1880-f- : Stevens bought HaO's in- terest in December, 1876. It supported the Independent Green- back movement. It was moved to Colchester, McDonough county, in 1880, and became the Colchester Independent. 232 ILLINOIS fflSTORICAL COLLECTIONS MACON, MACON COUNTY Tribune, September-December, 1867: Edited and published by John J. Smith. MAGNOLIA, HENRY COUNTY News, 1871-1877 : H. K. Smith was editor and publisher. Inde- pendent. U MAHOMET, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY Sucker State, 1879 to date: C. A. Nebeker was editor, C. M. Baker, publisher, in 1880. Published under this name until about 1902, when it was changed to the Magnet. After a period of about six months, the name was changed again to the Slicker State. Files lost or destroyed, except those for the last six years, which are in the hands of Charles M. Pearson, who has been editor and publisher since 1903. MAJORITY POINT, CUMBERLAND COUNTY Cumberland Democrat, 1869-1880: B. Frank Bowen was editor and publisher in 1869; George E. Mason, 1873-1874; George E. Mason, editor. Mason and Mumford, publishers, 1875; E. Gorrell, editor, Mumford and Gorrell, publishers, 1876 ; W. D. Mumford, 187 7-1 880. Democratic. Republican Mail, 1872 (?) : Edward Hitchcock editor and publisher in 1875; William Overman, 1876; Henry T. Woolen, 1877; Caldwell Brothers were editors and publishers ini879. By 1880 the name was changed to Cumberland Republican, still run by CaldweU Brothers. MALTA, DeKALB COUNTY Mail, 1877-1886: Established by D. C. Needham, who sold to G. W. Morris in November, same year. Subsequently two sons entered the firm, which became G. W. Morris and Sons, then, in 1881, G. W. Morris and Son. Republican. The list of the Malta Mail was sold about 1886 to the DeKalb Review. MANCHESTER, SCOTT COUNTY Scott County Arrow, 1878 to date (1884) : In 1882 E. J. Pierce was editor, Pierce and Clapp publishers; E. J. Pierec editor and publisher, 1884. Republican. MANSFIELD, PIATT COUNTY Journal, 1873-1875: John S. Harper and a Mr. Wolfe were editors and publishers; the paper was printed. at the office of the Fanmei jCitylJournal. MARION, WILLIAMSON COUNTY 233 MAQUON, KNOX COUNTY Times, 1879 (?): Edited by John Regan, proprietor of the Elmwood Messenger, at which oflSce the Times was printed. MARENGO, McHENRY COUNTY Journal, August, 1856-1857 : It was published by Edward Bum- side. Its successor was the Weebcly Press, with a few years' existence. Republican, 1867 to date: In 1868 D. C. Potter became editor. Since 1868 J. B. Babcock has been editor and proprietor. Re- publican. Printed at Belvidere at first. U MARION, WILLIAMSON COUNTY Western Family Monitor, 1850-1855 : A bi-monthly established by W. H. Willeford, and at first issued from his home, seven miles from Marion, where in 1838 he had set up the first printing press in what is now Williamson county. In 1855 business men of Marion bought the press and stock of material, and established the Intelligencer, 1855-1866-f- : I. B. Jones was editor and publisher. There were many changes in editors, publishers, and managers. It is said that Robert G. Ingersoll was manager and editor for a time while he practiced there as a lawyer. In 1881 DeBard Rock and John McGarvey were editors and managers. Suspended for awhile after the beginning of the Civil War. Democratic. Name changed to Star, +i 866-1- : Owned by a company and published as the organ of the county Democracy. It was sold in the faU, and the name changed to Old Flag, -|- September-November, 1866: Edited and managed by Dr. Samuel H. Bundy through the campaign. Democratic Organ, i860: Probably a campaign paper. Our Flag, 1866-1874-I- : The first Republican paper in the county. Owned by a political organization, including George W. Sisney, WiUiam N. Mitchell, David G. Young, S. M. Mitchell, Wflliam M. Hindman, Jesse Bishop, and George W. Young. Lyman E. Ejiapp and Jesse Bishop were editors and publishers. John I. Hogg, James F. Connell, and Samuel O. Hart were later editors; for a while Judge Jesse Bishop shaped the policy of the paper. James F. Connell was editor and publisher in 1870; in the next year Judge Bishop again controlled the oflSce. After some changes, both of name and control, the material was sold in 1874 to James P. Copeland, who changed the name to 234 n^LINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Monitor, +May, 1874 to date: The paper was burned out within a month, but was immediately re-established by Copeland and George W. Young. Copeland was editor and publisher. John F. Lusk bought Young's interest in 1877, and sold in 1879 to John H. Duncan and R. E. Mitchell. These men, with W. C. S. Rhea and William H. Boles formed a stock company in 1886, absorbed the Independent (established 1886) and renamed the Monitor as Leader. Copeland was editor for a year; then O. J. Page bought and edited it ; he sold in 1888 toArthur Roberts and Thomas M. Mitchell. In 1904 the paper was taken over by a stock company, and Arthur Roberts was made editor and publisher. He was soon succeeded by Oliver J. Page, who con- tinues in the position. A daUy was published for a while in 1900, and revived in 1909. Republican. Old Flag, i867(?) : Established by Lyman E. Knapp after he had ceased to be editor of Our Flag. Republican. Gazette, 1870: An Independent paper established by Green Stewart, George Gulp, Fergis Farris, and T. J. Helton. Only five numbers were issued. People's Friend, 1869-18744- : An Independent Democratic paper established by Mit. A. Bates, who in 1874 sold to W. R., Richard H., and C. D. Brown. The name was changed to Williamson County Advocate, 4-1874-1875: Conducted for about a year by W. R., Richard H., and C. D. Brown. Williamson County Progress, 1872: Established by John A. Wall. Republican. Farmer's Advocate, 1873-1874: Established by H. G. Blood and John Palmer. Democratic in tendency, but published in the interest of the farmers. Merged in the Democrat in 1874. Williamson County Democrat, 1874: R. H. and O. G. Brown were editors and publishers. Continued but a short time. Egyptian Press, 1875 to date: A Democratic paper established by a stock company with Will S. Washburn as manager, editor, and publisher. It is now owned and published by Samuel Casey and James H. Felts. The Press was started as a weekly, but it is now issued twice a week. The Evening Post, a daUy, is now issued by the owners of the Press. U MAR OA, MACON COUNTY Times, January-November, 1866: A rabid Democratic paper es- tablished by T. J. Sharp, who, after a number of collisions with various citizens, was badly beaten on November 27 and ordered out of town. He obeyed the order. MARSHALL, CLARK COUNTY 235 Tablet, February, 1868: A paper established by James DeLacy, who soon abandoned it. Tribune, February, 1 869-1 871: Conducted by A. H. Gorman, who discontinued it in March, 1871. News, April, 1872 to date: Established by Henry B. Funk. Funk sold to Axton and Jones in 1875 ; A. H. Gorman became editor. and continued in the office until 1877. After many changes Turner O'Banion was editor and publisher in 1880. In 1908, as News-Times, it was edited and published by Mr. Bennett. Neutral. Budget, December, 1875-1877+ : Started by Stratton, Axton, and W. Garey. T. O'Banion bought Garey's interest in 1876, and he and Axton edited it until August, 1877, when Axton retired and O'Banion changed the name to Messenger, + August, 1877-1878: Edited by T. O'Banion until January, 1878, when he sold to Frank Bennett, who ran it a month. MARSEILLES, LA SALLE GOUNTY Gazette, i867-i868(?) : Edited and published by A. Sinclair. Apparently discontinued in 1868. GiTiZEN, 1869-1870: Gonducted by Hayward Brothers, G. B. and W. W. It burned out and was discontinued. Advertiser, 1869-1874+ : Established by Albert Burton and Irving Garriers as an Independent local weekly. After a while Garriers withdrew and the name was changed to Herald, + 1874-1879 + : Published by Burton Brothers ; then by Ira George and D. B. Burton; then by Baldwin and Douglas; then by David Burton. Later it was sold to Stone and Smith, who changed the name to Register, +1879 to date: It became a Republican paper. Stone Brothers succeeded Stone and Smith as editors and publishers. After having passed through several hands it is now published by M. F. Bovard and Son. Plaindealer, December, 1876 to date: Established by Terry Sim- mons as a monthly; later changed to semi-monthly, then to weekly. It has continued since as a weekly without change of editor or proprietor. Complete file in possession of Mr. Sim- mons. MARSHALL, CLARK COUNTY Illinois State Journal, 1848-1853 : A Democratic organ estab- lished by John M. Crane and Nathan WiUard, Mr. Crane with- drawing soon after the paper was established. In 1853 Mr. Wil- 236 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS lard sold the paper to J. C. Robinson and Jacob Zimmer- man, who also purchased the Telegraph, July 3, 1852-1858 : A Whig paper edited by Joseph G. Jones and published by S. P. Farley and J. G. Jones. Before the end of the first year S. F. Andrews and J. K. Carr, then Charles Summers and J. Zimmerman were publishers, with Summers as editor. Combined with Illinois State Journal to form the Eastern Illinoisan in 1853. One source of information says that the Telegraph was revived in April or May of 1854 by J. K. Carr and S. F. Andrews, but the scattering numbers through 1853, 1854, and 1855 indicate no break. Andrews and Carr seem to have continued through 1855, then Andrews alone. J. K. Carr retired in the fall of 1854, and Andrews conducted the paper in the support of the Republican party until 1858. SHF Eastern Illinoisan, +1853-1865: J. C. Robinson and J. Zimmer- man were editors and publishers in 1854. From 1856 to 1861, S. S. Whitehead was proprietor. Edward L'Hote was publisher in 1858. For a few months in 1861 it was run by H. H. Peyton, who finally entered the army and Mr. Whitehead was forced to assume control. He continued its publication until 1865 when it was purchased by John Littiefield and its publication suspended for thirteen years. After its revival it became a Democratic paper, edited by B. F. Ward. It was later absorbed by Clark County Democrat, now published by Bennett and Barber and edited by Norman Bennett. HF Illinois State Democrat, February 10, i849-i852(?): J. M. Crane was editor, Crane and N. Willard were publishers. In 1852 N. Willard was publisher, editor, and proprietor. SUH Journal, 1858-1859: Started by N. O. McKeen and John A. Whit- lock in the interest of the Republican party. Edited for a while by Whitlock alone; then as an Independent paper by W. S. Goodell. Absorbed in the fall of 1859 by the Illinoisan. Hornet, i860: Established by E. L'Hote; J. R. Bulion, editor. Republican. H Flag of Our Union, i86i-i864(?): Established by John Little- field, a man with "Know Nothing" sympathies, but conducted as favoring the preservation of the Union. It ran through three volumes. It seems that he discontinued this paper when he bought Eastern Illinoisan. Messenger, 1865 to date (1891): John Littiefield was editor and Chess Littiefield publisher in 1866, but the latter soon withdrew. By 1874 Ham and Eth Sutton were editors and publishers and continued so in 1875; but in 1876 John Littiefield was again running the paper. In the early 8o's Charles Littiefield became MASCOUTAH, ST. CLAIR COUNTY 237 associated with his father in the busmess, and eventually suc- ceeded him. By 1891, Charles Littlefield had become editor and publisher. The paper was absorbed later by Clark County Democrat. Independent. H Clark County Herald, August 1868 to date: Established by M. O. Frost. In 1882 he sold to L. S. Kilborn and Son. In 1895 the Messrs. Kilborn sold to G C. Hamer, who, after a few months, sold back to them. They continued publication until May I, 1900, when they sold to George O. Baird and Company, who in turn sold to Charles Scott. Republican. H Church Progress, 1878-1884: Established by Rev. Charles Kuhl- man as a monthly, local. Catholic organ ; became semi-monthly in 1880, and weekly in 1882. In 1884 or 1885 it was moved to St. Louis, where it is still published. MARTINSVILLE, CLARK COUNTY Express, 1871 (?): Jerry Ishler, editor; M. O. Frost, pub- lisher. An edition of the Clark County Herald, of Marshall. MARYSVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTY Independent, 1877 : Published by Ben. Biddlecome. Independent. MASCOUTAH, ST. CLAIR COUNTY News Letter, 1860-1861: Published by August Hamilton and edited by Alexander G. Hawes. Republican. In 1861 con- solidated with Advocate at Belleville. Wachenblatt fur Mascoutah und Umgegend, January, 1862: (?): Small German sheet published during the war. It had a brief existence. Enterprise, 1869: Fred Dilg and E. W. GriflSn were editors and publishers. Short-lived. Herald, 1871 to date: Brought to Mascoutah from Lebanon, Illinois, by Carl Montag, who is still publishing it. Demo- cratic. Banner, 1872-1875 : Established by Frederick Dilg, edited by W. D. Shelley, J. N. Perrin, and Philip Leibrock. Monthly. In 1873 Shelley and J. H. G. Brinkerhofif made it a weekly. In two months Brinkerhofif sold his interest to Shelley and Leroy W. Free. In two months Free's interest was purchased by Henry Pabst. In 1874 oflice sold to Messrs. Wassein and Binz, Mr. Brinkerhoff as eaitor. In 1875 Biinkerhoff purchased the paper, and after nine months it was suspended. Enterprise, November, i87S-May, 1876: Established by George Auerswald. Independent. U 238 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Anzeiger, 1876 to date: Established by Fred Dilg, who for six months had associtaed with him Philip Leibrock. Dilg sold in 1889 to Bocquet and Winkler. John Winkler became sole owner for a few months. He sold in 1881 to C. J. Lischer, the present owner. Independent local paper. MASON, EFFINGHAM COUNTY Loyalist, 1863: Established in April by George Brewster. It was "a rank exponent of Abolitionism." After a turbulent career of nine months it was removed to Salem, where it was soon discontinued. MASON CITY, MASON COUNTY News, 1867-1871 : A neutral paper edited and published by Haughey and Walker. Independent, 1871-1891+ : In 1879 Haughey and Wamock were publishers; J. C. Warnock was editor. J. M. Haughey, 1882- 1884; Ruth and Roach, 1891; Ruth and Montgomerj, 1895. In 1891 all of the newspaper business in Mason City was con- solidated in one office and the editor, S. B. Roach, named the aggregation Times. He sold to L. Y. Sikes in 1896, and Sikes to G. D. Sutton in 1901. Sutton sold to Edward Wilson in 1903, and Wilson to Ben C. Rickard in 1905. Republican under Roach and Sikes, Democratic under Sutton, and Independent under Rickara. U Journal, 1872-1891+ : W. S. Walker established the paper and conducted it until 1874 or 1875, when he sold to Wells Corey. By 1884 Frank Corey had become associated with Wells Corey as publisher. Republican. MATTOON, COLES COUNTY National Gazette, 1856-1867+ : Established by Messrs. Hough- ton and Spencer. With one short intermission Mr. Hough- ton conducted the paper until 1859, when he sold to Mc- Intyre and Wooas. Shortly after the iirm name appeared as Harding (W. P.) and Mclntyre. A third time Mr. Houghton secured an interest in the Gazette, which he held when killed in a battle of the Civil War. In 1865 the paper came under the charge of W. P. and J. O. Harding — brothers; Harding and Bostwick, 1866-1867. In 1867 it was bought by some citizens, Democrats, and its name changed to the Democrat, -I-1867-I- : They soon disposed of the paper to Taylor and Brown, who changed it to Clarion, -f-i868: They, in a short time, stopped its publication. Leonidas Chapin, of Mattoon, has a few copies. MEDORA, MACOUPIN COUNTY 239 Journal, November, 1865 to date: Established by W. O. Ellis. Republican. In 1866 sold an interest to Captain Thomas E. Woods, who became editor. Woods assumed entire control in 1869 and retained it until March, 1876, when his brother, Winfield Woods, became associated with him. W. F. Purtill bought an interest in 1879. He soon became sole owner and re- mained so until 1894, when C. W. Twitchell became manager, to be suc-ceeded in January, 1899, by M. H. Bassett. In the fall of 1899 M. H. Bassett and D. D. James bought the paper. James soon sold to Bassett and Andrews. Bassett was in charge until January 2, 1905, when he and Andrews sold to H. F. Kendall, who merged the paper with the Gazette in Journal- Gazette. Weekly and daily except Saturday and Sunday, since 1874. Radical Republican, December, 1867-1871+: Established by Ebenezer Noyes. Sold in 1871 to A. Bookwalter, who changed the name to Commercial, + 1871 to date : Noyes suspended publication in 1872, but the paper was revived in October by R. Sumerlin and Sons. They sold in August, 1876, to a stock company with A. Sumerlin as editor and manager. A few years later Sumerlin became owner and continued so until 1908, when a stock company was formed with Sumerlin and Ed. Poorman as principal stock- holders. Gazette, 1872 to date: Revived by C. B. Bostwick and George B. McDougall. The latter sold to Bostwick in 1874 and Bostwick conducted the paper until about 1888, when C. G. Peck became associated in the publication. Peck was soon left in control of the paper and remained so until October i, 1895, when H. F. Kendall bought the property. He sold a half interest to Frank C. McElvain in 1896. McElvain sold in 1899 to E. B. Tucker. Mr. Kendall bought the Journal, and the two papers were con- solidated us Journal-Gazette, with H. F. Kendall, president, and E. B. Tucker, secretary-treasurer, of the Mattoon Journal Com- pany, which owns the property. Coles County Herald, 1878 (?): John Haehnle was editor and publisher in 1879. MEDORA, MACOUPIN COUNTY Enterprise, August, 1876-1878: J. H. Williams was editor, and Parker and Suddeth of the Brighton Advance were publishers. Ensign, September 12, 1878: One number was issued, printed at the oflSce of the Brighton Advance, and bearing the name of Her- bert Lawson Durr as editor. 240 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS MENDON, ADAMS COUNTY Enterprise, March, 1877-1878: Published by C. A. Bristol and Company, from March to June, 1877 ; Bradley and White, June to October, 1877; by Urech and Company from October to March, 1878, when it was abandoned. Dispatch, November 21, 1878 to date : Established by J. R. Urech, with D. H. Darby as editor. January i, 1884, Urech sold a half interest to W. H. Mclntyre, which firm continued until Sep- tember I, 1890, when Mclntyre bought all interest and ran it to January 1, 1899, when original owner with his son Charles bought it and still continues issuing same. It is neutral. Files of both Enterprise and Dispatch are in the Dispatch office. MENDOTA. LA SALLE COUNTY Press, +1854 (?): Published by C. R. Fisk, a Presbyterian minister who moved it from Little Rock. Sold to J. L. and L M. Andrews who conducted it until February 26, 1857, when they sold back to Rev. C. R. Fisk. Republican and actively anti-slavery. (See Little Rock.) PF Observer, 1856-1861+: Established as a Republican paper by unknown parties, but was run for a time by Col. J. R. S. Bond; by Messrs. Crooker and Beck; then by R. H. Ruggles, who gave it the name P Bulletin, +1861-1897+ : Conducted at the beginning by R. H. Ruggles, then Ruggles and Ford. In 1897 it was consolidated with the Sun under the tide Sun-Bulletin. Republican in pol- itics. Files in the office. U Democrat, 1858-1859: A German paper established by Franz Meisenbach and Gabriel Pool. Lasted one year. Times, 1859-1861: Established by a Mr. Fisk (not C. R. Fisk). It was a Democratic paper; its editor was said to be a Copper- head, and was forced by a recruiting company early in 1861 to make a speech for the Union and haul up a flag. Soon afterward he left his paper and disappeared. Chronicle, 1869-1870: Established by Snell and Meriil]; sold to F. D. Ford, who sold to the Bulletin in 1870. Files in the Bulletin office. News, 1874-1876 : Established as an Independent paper by F. D. Ford. Sold to Dr. Spichler, then to William Parker, then to the Bulletin. Files in Bulletin office. Reporter, 1878 to date: Founded by John O. Sanford and G. P. Gardner. G. H. KeUogg bought out Sanford in 1879, and Gard- ner bought out Kellogg in 1881. In 1883 he sold to L. S. Seaman METROPOLIS CITY, MASSAC COUNTY 241 and Otto Kieselbach. Seaman retired in 1887 and Kieselbach still conducts the paper. Republican till 1883; Democratic since then. Files are in the ofSce. Post, August, 1879 to date: A German Democratic paper, estab- lished and still conducted by Otto Kieselbach. Files are in the oflSce. MEREDOSIA, MORGAN COUNTY Monitor, i877-i879(?): Edited by J. R. Miller and George W. Graham. In 1879 Miller alone was editor and publisher. Enterprise, 1879-1882: Edited by J. P. McDonald; later by F. W. Schierbaum. It was moved to Versailles and is still pub- lished there. Democratic. METAMORA, WOODFORD COUNTY Woodford County Argus, May, 1854-!- : Established by A. N. Shepherd. Became in a short time F Woodford Sentinel, -I- 1854-1 889 -I- : The first issue was printed in Peoria. It was thought to be such a great enterprise that when brought over to Metamora, a copy was hoisted on a pole, like a flag, the streets paraded, and a regular "war dance" hela around it. Mr. Shepard was its first proprietor. George L. Harl was for a long time editor and one of its proprietors, and in 1877 became sole proprietor. In 1888 Arthur Lee Hereford became editor. An edition of this paper was issued in Washburn, Woodford county, under the name Sentinel. It was merged with the Herald about 1889. Democratic. Woodford County Visitor, 1855 (?): Conducted by Sinion P. Shope. Vol. I, No. 18 is owned by Juage S. S. Page of Chicago. Bulletin, (?) (?): Mentioned in Rowell for 1869 with no report. METROPOLIS CITY, MASSAC COUNTY Promulgator, i865-i869(?): J. F. McCartney and Brother were named editors and publishers. Republican. Probably later became Massac Journal, 1865 to date : Established by B. O. Jones, editor; McCartney and Jones, publishers. In 1880 B. O. Jones was editor, Jones and Davisson, publishers; R. A. Davisson, editor; E. D. Malone, publisher, 1882 ; E. D. Malone, editor and pub- lisher, 1884; Hines and Starkes, 1891. By 1895 it had become Massac Journal-Republican with A. N. Starkes as editor, A. N. Starkes and Company, publishers. U 242 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Times, i867-i879( ?) : In 1869 W. J. Ward was editor, G. B. Depue, publisher; W. J. Ward and W. A. McBane, editors and pub- lishers, 1870; W. A. McBane, 1871-1873; J. F. McCartney, 1874 ; J. F. McCartney was named as editor, J. F. Mc- Cartney and Company, publishers, 1879. Democrat, 1878-1899-I- : Edited by F. A. Trousdale, published by James D. Stewart and Company. In 1895 F. A. Trousdale had become editor and publisher. January i, 1899, the Herald succeeded the Democrat and is still published, at present by Trous- dale and Barnes. MIDDLEPORT, IROQUOIS COUNTY Iroquois Journal, 1851-18544- : Published by J. A. Graham, who established on February 19, 1851, and who sold the oflSce about April i, 1854, to William F. Keady and Benjamin Scott. The Journal had been devoted to politics, literature, the arts and science, agriculture, etc. Under the new management, its name was changed to the Iroquois County Press, -I-1854-1855-I- : It now became Demo- cratic in its sympathies. In 1855 Mr. Keady bought out Mr. Scott and called it the Weekly Press, -I-1855-1865: Mr. Scott conducted it until 1857; Joseph Thomas and Roy W. Andrews, 1857-1858; Hon. John Chamberlain, 1858 (?). Its editors successively were Harmon Westbrook and Caleb Pink, 185 7-1 858; Michael Hagle, 1858-1864; George J. Harrington, 1864-1865. Investigator, about six months of 1855: It was published by Richard Taliaferro and James H. Graham. Its sympathies were with the Democratic party. Publication irregular. Iroquois Republican, May 8, 1856-18634-: A. G. Smith moved the oflSce to Watseka, spring of 1863, and in October, 1866, sold to Zacheus Beatty. The latter changed the name in 1872 to the Watseka Republican, and continued publisher till April i, 1873. F Iroquois County Herald, 1865-1867: Established about October I, on the ruins of the Middleport Weekly Press. George W. Keady, publisher, Michael Hagle editor; Independent in poli- tics. About February i, 1867, the office was moved to Watseka. The last Middleport issue of the Herald, January 27, 1867, was the last paper published at Middleport. Some time after the removal to Watseka, Charles Jouvenat became editor, and remained so until the spring of 1869, when the paper ceased to exist. MINONK, WOODFORD COUNTY 243 MILFORD, IROQUOIS COUNTY Herald, July, 1876 to date: Established by J. R. Fox as a Green- back paper. Purchased in 1879 by Edward L'Hote, who sold in 1887 to his son, the present editor and proprietor, Eugene L'Hote. Republican under its present management. H Gazette, 1875. Genius, i879-i88o(?) : In 1880 was being edited and published by J. W. Sargent. It is not mentioned in the Newspaper Anntial for 1881. MILLINGTON, KENDALL COUNTY Enterprise, i873-i884(?) : J. W. Richardson was editor and pub- lisher, 1873-1874; F. P. Hallowell, 1875-1877 ; Jud. M. Morley, 1878-1880; Morley and Cook, 1882; F. E. Morley, i884(?) the edition for Millington of the Kendall County News, (1872- ?; Republican) published at Piano, Kendall county. H MILTON, PIKE COUNTY Beacon, i875-i884(?): Mr. Lucas, editor, bought it from the Milton Reformer, a temperance paper. After five months a stock company was formed. J. M. Farris became editor. In 1876 sold to F. M. Grimes, who was still editor and publisher in 1882. Started neutral; changed to Greenback. U MINIER, TAZEWELL COUNTY Independent, 187C5-1872 : Edited and published by C. B. Ketcham. Printed at the oflSce of the Delavan Independent. News, September, 1878 to date: Started by George L. Shoals, publisher of the Atlanta Argus, with Horace Crihfield. A print- ing plant was established in Minier in 1885 ; Crihfield became its sole owner, then Crihfield Brothers. The paper is in charge of R. C. Crihfield. MINONK, WOODFORD COUNTY Journal, 1866 ( ?) : An edition, for Minonk, of the Journal of EI Paso. G. H. Jenkins was editor; William H. Addis and Com- pany, publishers, 1869. In 1879 the title given in Rowell is Home Journal. Prairie Enterprise, 1868: An advertising sheet with gratuitous circulation, edited and published by Johnson and Ware. Ijtdex, i87o-i877(?): Established by M. A. Gushing and Cadet Taylor; M. A. Gushing was conducting the paper alone from 1873 to 1877. Independent. Register, 1870-1871: Established by M. M. Bagley. 244 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Reporter, 1870: Established by W. W. Wilkes; survived a few months. Times, 1872-1873+: Established by Irving Carrier. It was changed in 1873 to the Blade, +1873 to date: By James M. Fort, who while in need of financial aid purchased the office, enlarged the paper, and for seventeen years conducted it successfully, selling the publication in 1897 to his son, Arthur C. Fort, and Clarence B. Hurtt, who as Fort and Hurtt conducted the paper for some time. Since then it has been sold a number of times ; it is now owned and published by Chester R. Denson, under the name of the Minonk Dispatch. Messrs. J. M. and A. C. Fort have complete files. Nevfs, 1878 to date: Established by S. C. Bruce; it was sold in 1887 to Arthur R. Warren, and was still being conducted by him in 1889. In 1907 George Werkheiser was editor and publisher. Republican. MOKENA, WILL COUNTY Advertiser, 1874-1877: Established by Charles A. Jones. It was a sub-edition of the Lockport Advertiser. MOLINE, ROCK ISLAND COUNTY Workman, August 21, 1854-February 18, 1857: Edited and pub- lished by Amos Smith. "An Independent family newspaper devoted to news, literature, agriculture, mechanics, commerce and home interests." It was Republican, and strongly anti- slavery. Smith sold, February 18, 1887, to R. H. Graham and Alfrea Webster, who changed the name to PE Independent, February 25, 1857-1862: In May, 1858, Webster sold his interest to Graham, who in April, 1859, took C. H. Brennan as a partner. Brennan sold in December to M. S. Barnes. In i860 Graham was again sole ov/ner. He went to war in August, 1861, and J. A. Kuck managed the paper until its suspension, October, 1862. F Citizen, July, 1858-1859: Established by F. M. Linnehan. James Bowie became part owner in 1858, and owner in February, 1859. It ceased to exist in 1859. A semi-weekly (later weekly) Democratic paper. Republican, 1865-1867: Established by William H. Jenkins. Sold in 1867 to Capt. L. M. Haverstick, who closed the office. The material was used to establish the Review. Review, November 26, 1 870-1 880 -I- : Established by Messrs. Lowe and Frank R. Gilson. Lowe retired in 1871, and Gilson sold the same year to Kennedy and Crichton; B. F. Tillinghast sue- MONEE, WILL COUNTY 245 ceeded Crichton in 1872; Kennedy retired in 1874. Tillinghast conducted the paper alone till 1875, when J. H. Porter bought an interest. R. H. Moore bought the paper in 1877, and in 1880 failed. John H. Porter bought the equipment and the subscrip- tion list was transferred to Samson Kennedy, who united the Review with with the weekly edition of the Dispatch as Review Dispatch. PH Skandia, December 29, 1876-1878: A Swedish Republican paper established by A. C. Remer and P. E. Melin. Edited by P. E. Melin to 1877; then by Magnus Elmblad and Herman Stock- enstrom. It was sold early in 1878 to Gustaf Swenson. In May, 1878, it was sold to the Svenska Tribunen of Chicago. Daily Dispatch, July, 1878 to date: Established by Oliver and Louise White. They were succeeded by Sampson Kennedy and L. M. Haverstick ; then by Fred O. and Jay H. Dean ; then by P. S. McGlynn and John K. Groom. Groom sold out in 1891 to W. F. Eastman; since then McGlynn and Eastman were editors, publishers, and owners of the paper, until Eastman died in 1909. It is now owned by Mrs. Eastman and P. S. McGlynn, the latter being in charge of the publication. Review-Dispatch, 1878 to date: The weekly edition of the Dis- patch. It has the same history as that paper. A Grain Cleaner, 1878-1886+: Founded by Barnard and Leas Manufacturing Company with R. James Abemathy as editor. C. F. Hall became editor and publisher in 1881. In 1884 he changed its name to Modern Miller and became sole owner. He moved it to Kansas City in 1886, and in 1895 sold to a St. Louis syndicate. Under Hall it was an independent technical milling Journal. Originally a monthly, it became a weekly milling newspaper about 1893. MOMENCE, KANKAKEE COUNTY Reporter, August, 1870 to date : Established by John B. A. Paradis. Sold in 1874 to M. O. Clark; Stephen W. Dennis, 1885-1891; Charles E. Carter, 1891-1901. In 1897 it was consolidated with the Momence Press and the name was changed to Press-Reporter, with C. E. Carter as editor. Carter sold in 1901 to C. S. Mc- Nichols and Company. Since that time O. M. Harlan has been manager. Incomplete files in possession of Mr. Harlan. Re- publican. MONEE, WILL COUNTY Eagle, i86o(?)-i863(?): Established by J. G. Scott and continued for about three years. 246 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS MONMOUTH, WARREN COUNTY Atlas, October, 1846 to date : Edited and managed by C. K. Smith, assisted for a short time by E. S. Bryon and F. K. Smith, 1845- 1857; John S. Clark, 185 7-1 865; Mr. Clark and J. H. Reed, 1865-1869; Mr. Clark and Son, with unimportant exceptions, 1869 to 1892, when it was consolidated with the Advance as Republican Atlas-Advance, now called Republican Atlas. Daily since 1904. Published by Republican Printing Company, with Arthur G. Brown as editor, C. F. Buck, manager. Files in Warren County Library Association Library. DU Democtat, August, 1852-1853: Published by Hosea and Ashton. Files in Warren County Library Association Library. Review, December, 1855 to date: Its founder was A. H. Swain, who was the editor, 1855 to 1886 ; H. R. Moffet, 1886 to date. It was issued weekly, 1855-1887; semi-weekly, 1887-1888; and daily and semi-weekly from 1888 to 1907, when it was changed back to a weekly. Independent. BE College Courier, 1867-1868: Issued at Monmouth College. Monthly. U Commercial Recced, April, 1872 (?): Monthly. E Leader, 1873 : A Republican paper edited by S. J. Clarke and published by the Leader Printing Company. Midland Monthly, 1874: Published by W. D. Pratt. Gazette, 1876-1888: An Independent weekly; began a daily issue in 1883. It was moved to Galesburg, Illinois, about 1888, and was soon discontinued. Paper, i877-i879(?): G. G. McCosh was editor and publisher. By 1880 it had been absorbed by Gazette and for a time issued as Gazette and Paper. E MONROE, OGLE COUNTY Argus, 1877 (?): Established by D. C. Needham, who was also publishing the Creston Times. MONTICELLO. PIATT COUNTY Times, 1856-1858-!- : Edited by J. D. Mondy, who was succeeded by J. C. Johnson. He sold to James Outten, who received Mr. Hassett as a partner. Changed to Piatt Democrat, + 1858-1862 + : Edited by W. A. Gilliland, 1858- 1860; J. C. Johnson, 1860-1862. Changed to Conservative, -|- i 862-1 864 -f- : At first edited by Thomas Milligan, who was succeeded by W. E. Lodge. Changed to MORRIS, GRUNDY COUNTY 247 Piatt County Union, +1864-1865+: Edited by M. A. Bates. Changed to Piatt Independent, +1865-1874+: Edited by J. M. Holmes. A complete file is owned by L. C. Burgess. Changed to Republican, + 1874-1876+ : At the end of three years, Mr. Holmes sold to Mr. Wagner, who immediately sold to H. B. Funk. He changed its name to Bulletin, +1876 to date: Edited by Henry B. Fvmk, 1876-1882; Mize Brothers, 1 882-1 883; Mr. Funk, 1 884-1 885; Moral O'Banion; C. N. Walls, 1885-1886; Carl Uhler, 1887; M. L. Griffith, 1887-1888; Garver Brothers, 1888; William E. Krebs, 1888-1898; Evan Stevenson, 1899; C. E. Gaumer, 1899-1902; H. W. Buckle, 1902-1903 ; G. W. Mize, the present editor, 1903 to date. The files in the office are incomplete. Democratic. Faemers' Advocate, 1874 : Existed for a few months in the spring. M. A. Bates was editor. Piatt County Herald, April, 1874 to date : Established by H. H. Peters, who continued vmtU 1892, when it was bought by G. A. Burgess and consolidated with the Independent; begun by Mr. Burgess in 1887, imder the name Piatt County Republican. In 1905 G. A. Burgess was succeeded, as editor and manager, by his son, L. C. Burgess. Republican. A complete file owned bv L. C. Burgess. U MORRIS, GRUNDY COUNTY Yeoman, 1852-1854+ : A Republican paper, edited by James C. Watters. A copy of no. 54 of the first volume is owned by Walter A. Rose of Mazon, Illinois. Changed to Grundy County Herald, +1854 to date: Edited by Henry C. Buffington and Charles E. Southard for one year; Mr. Southard 1855— 1864 ; C. L. Perry, who soon took Mr. Turner in partner- ship, 1864-1866. Charles E. Southard, 1866-1874; in 1865 Mr. Southard started the Advertiser, but soon resumed the con- trol of the Herald, whereupon he combined the two as Herald and Advertiser, soon reverting to the name Herald. P. C. Hayes, 1874-1876; Hayes and Fletcher, 1876 to 1891; W. L. Sackett, 1891 to date. HF Advertiser, i 865-1 866+ : Conducted by Charles E. Southard. Combined with Herald. H Gazette, 1853-1855: Edited by A. J. Ashton. It was purchased by the proprietors of the Herald. It advocated Democracy. Liberal Reformer, i872-i879(?): Established by Joe Simpson. In 1876 run by A. R. Barlow, after whom Simpson again took 248 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS charge and closed it out. Anti-Republican, principally Demo- cratic, tinged with Greenbackism. Independent, 1878 to date : Established as a semi-weekly by Perry, Crawford, and Kutz, March i, 1878. In 1882 it was in the charge of Mr. Kutz alone. He sold about 1883 to W. J. Leacock, who a year later sold to Peter Low. In 1887 Low sold to C. R. Morrison, and in 1890 W. M. Reed purchased it, changed its name to the Sentinel and made it Democratic. In 1895 Reed sold to S. H. Bucklin and Son. It was subsequently owned by George Bucklin, and Bucklin and Hilliker, 1899-1900. Jan- uary I, 1909, the paper was bought by a stock company, with Richard F. Lawson as editor. MORRISON, WHITESIDE COUNTY Whiteside Sentinel, 1857 to date: Established by Alfred Mc- Fadden. In 1862 McFadden leased it to Elmer Searle for one year, when he resumed publication. In 1867 it was purchased by Messrs. Charles Bent and Morris Savage. In 1870 Mr. Bent became sole proprietor. In 1877 Mr. Bent sold to Robert W. Welch, but repurchased it in 1879, and has been editor ever since. Charles Bent, Jr., has been manager since 1906. Com- plete files in the office. Republican. Reform Investigator, 1868-1870: Established by Elmer Searle. Weekly, devoted to financial and other reforms ; published later by a stock company with Searle as editor and manager. In 1870 removed to Chicago; oflSce destroyed in Chicago fire in 1871. Independent, 1872-1874: Established by L. S. Ward and J. W. Huett. Later Elmer Searle became editor. Advocated presi- dency of Horace Greeley. Discontinued in 1874. Office pur- chased same year by G. J. Booth and Son, who established Times, 1874-1876: In 1876 moved office to Rock Falls and changed name to Whiteside Times (which see). Democratic. Democrat, 1876-1877 : Established by Messrs. Guernsey, Connelly, and Frank A. Grove. Discontinued in 1877. Democratic. Whiteside Herald, 187 8-1 884: Established by A. D. Hill. Later it was sold to George B. Adams, who moved the office to Sterling, Illinois. Independent Republican. MORRISONVILLE, CHRISTIAN COUNTY Times, August 20, 1875 to date: Established by Thomas Cox, editor and proprietor. December 30, 1875, Cox sold out to M. J. Abbott, who in May, 1877, sold to George H. Palmer and Son. In 1879 the office was leased to Said and Poorman, Palmer and Son retaining ownership. In October, 1879, Steen MOUND CITY, PULASKI COUNTY 249 Brothers, George H. and Joseph W. Steen, were publishers and editors and continued so until 1882, when they sold to Caflin and Campbell. In 1883 Caflin became sole owner; in 1885 he sold to G. H. Sallee, who sold in 1887, to S. W. Culp ; he, in 1907, to Lindsey and Miller. March i, 1909, Miller sold his interest to A. C. Brookman. Lindsey and Brookman are the present proprietors and publishers. Independent. Files in the oflSce. U MOUND CITY, PULASKI COUNTY National Emporium, 1856-1860: Edited by Dr. Z. Casterline and published by J. Walter Waugh. They were succeeded by Moses B. Harrell as editor and jfohn A. Waugh as publisher. Mr. Harrell withdrew in 1859 and Mr. Waugh became also its editor. He continued its publication until i860, when it was discontinued. FH Gazette, 1860-1861 : Established by Judge J. R. Emerie. It con- tinued one year, and coUapsed. Journal, 1864-1874, 1878 : Established and edited bj J. D. Mondy, who was succeeded by S. P. Wheeler. The latter moved to Cairo, 1865, and H. R. Howard, who had published the paper during Wheeler's administration, assumed the duties of editor. May, 1866, the press and all belonging to it was bought by Capt. H. F. Potter, who edited the Journal untU, in ' 1874, he moved to Cairo, taking the press with him. After this removal, the Mound City Journal was Joined with the Cairo Argus, the two together receiving the name Argus- Journal, weekly. Beginning November 15, 1878, Mr. Potter published separately the Cairo Daily Argus and the Mound City Journal. The latter was still being published in 1883. Under Mr. Potter's management the Journal was Democratic. H Pulaski Patriot, 1871 to date: Established June, 1871, by A. J. Alden, editor, and B. O. Jones, publisher. Fron June to No vember of that year, F. R. Waggoner was associated in the busi- ness. The latter part of November the firm of Alden and Jones was dissolved, -Alden retiring December 7. Jones sold out to F. R. Waggoner, who became editor. January, 1872, through the purchase of an interest by Mr. O. H. Turner, the firm name became Waggoner and Turner, which it remained until Novem- ber I, 1872, when Turner withdrew. December i, Fred W. Corson joined the firm, which was called Waggoner and Corson until the withdrawal of Waggoner, April 10, 1873. His suc- cessor in the firm was Ed. H. BintlifE, firm name, Corson and 1 This date, 1874, for the removal of the office from Mound City to Cairo, does not agree with the previous account of the Cairo Daily Argus, from which the date would appear to be 1876. 250 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS BintlifF. January 23, 1874, Bintliff withdrew, Corson continuing alone until November i, 1874, when he sold out to Ed. S. Acker- man and A. Ackerman. The latter was editor until December 1877, at which time the paper passed entirely into the hands of Ed. S. Ackerman, who kept it until July, 1880. At this time Daniel Hogan purchased the office and continued publication until September i, 1881, when L. M. Bradley purchased an in- terest. Mr. Hogan has been sole owner since 1886. In that year the name was changed to Pulaski Enterprise. J. P. Rob- erts was editor until 1882, when he was succeeded by J. F. Con- neU. He was followed by John F. Rector, one year, Daniel Hogan, Jr., one year, Daniel Hogan, Sr., one year; then H. C. Ashbaugh. The paper has been steadily Republican. MT. CARMEL, WABASH COUNTY Sentinel and Wabash Advocate,' 1834-1839: Edited by Horace Roney, 1834-1835; Edward Baker, 1835-1836; Richard Beck, with O. B. Ficklin as an assistant, 1836-1839. Register, June 11, 1839, to date: A Whig paper, edited by J. S. Power, and published by W. B. Meany, who was succeeded by Ezra B. Meaney; George B. Backus, 1841, for seven years; Frank Fuller; Fuller and Hutchinson; W. D. Jackson, 1848- ; S. S. Luken; Victor B. and Robert Bell; Theo. S. Powers, 1852 ; Frank C. Manly, with Judge Green as political editor. Mr. Green made it Republican. In 1862 Manly died and George W. Douglas took the paper, made it a Democratic organ, and Richard Beck who succeeded him made it Republican again. In 1867 Mr. Green, at public auction, purchased it, but Mr. Beck continued to publish it until sold to J. P. M. Calvo. It was suspended for an interval, 1867-1868. Messrs. Wade and Cape revived it in 1868. They soon sold it to C. I. Wilmans, who ran it until 1870, when he sold to T. J. Groves. In a few weeks Mr. Groves passed it back to Mr. Wilmans. J. H. Wil- mans was editor, 1871 ; Wilmans and HaviU, 1875-1878. Under the Bell Brothers the paper was non-partisan. In 1878 Mr. HaviU made it an exponent of Democratic principles. It was sold by Frank W. HaviU to P. J. Kolb and A. E. Smith, in No- vember, 1906. These men continued to publish the paper until February, 1908, when it was incorporated under the name of the Mt. Carmel Register Company; A. E. Smith continued as editor. A daily was begun in 1900. Files substantially com- plete in the office. A Wabash Republican, 1840-1841 : Edited by W. D. Latshaw. Greenbrier, i84o-(a brief existence) : Edited by J. S. Powers. Plow Boy, i844-(a brief existence) : Edited by Valentine Miller. MT. CARROLL, CARROLL COUNTY 251 Wabash Democrat, 1844-1847 : Edited by W. E. Latshaw for two years. He sold it, and it failed in the hands of Austin Brooks and Finney D. Preston soon after they bought it. Wabash Democrat, 1860-1878: A revival of the previous Demo- crat. Jacob Zimmerman was editor for awhile. He was suc- ceeded by G. W. Besore, and he in turn by James T. Costello. It failed in the hands of J. C. Hinckley. A Democrat is listed in Rowell as established in 1865 and edited by J. P. M. Calvo, who continued until 1872; J. P. Reynolds, 1872; W. H. Evans and George A. Spitzer, 1873; Neil C. Bums, 1874; Hannah and Son, 1875-1877. Temperance Leader, 1878: A monthly exponent of the "White Ribbon " ideas, published by Grossman and Scafer. Republican, 1878 to date: Established by Richard H. and a Mr. Brown. They soon sold to J. F. Wilmans, who continued the paper until January, 1883, when it was bought by Thomas L. Joy. Joy sold to D. E. Keen in 1888. Keen is the present publisher. A daily was begun in 1899. Files substantially complete in the oflSce. MT. CARROLL, CARROLL COUNTY Tribune, i85o-(a few months) : Published by Dr. J. L. Hostetter. F Republican, i852-i859(?): Established by J. P. Emmert, who sold to H. G. Grattan, 1853-1855; D. H. Wheeler, 1855-1857; D. B. Emmert, ; J. L. Hostetter and E. C. Cochran. It was consolidated under Cochran and English, with the Intelli- gencer, but they were soon separated. It was last owned by Mrs. Skinner and Miss Gregory, and edited by SilvemaD and Ladd. F Carroll County Mirror, 1858 to date: Published by Alexander Windle and I. V. Hollinger to 1865; J. M. Adair, 1865-1874; Joseph F. Allison, 1874-1875; W. D. Hughes and A. B. Hol- linger, 1875; Mr. Hughes, 1875 to 1888. After Hughes' death it was conducted by his daughter, Jean A. Hughes, until 1889, when it was sold to W. A. Stevens. Stephens sold it to John Sughrone; he to J. F. Allison; he to W. L. Puterbaugh in 1893 ; he to Hughes and Hurless. Hughes sold his interest to Hurless, who still conducts the paper. Intelligencer, ( ?)- 1860 : Published by George English, for a short time, and was absorbed by the Mirror. Oread, i868-i89o(?): Collegiate; quarterly. 252 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS News, 1875-1876+ : Established by Frank A. Beeler, who sold the paper in 1876 to J. WiUiam Mastin. He changed the name to the Herald, + 1876-1890 : On January i, 1877, the paper was bought by HoUinger, and Frank J. Sessions was editor. Sessions sold his interest to Don Frazer, and Col. M. Feezer leased Hollinger's interest in 1888. In 1889 Feezer and Albright conducted it. Frazer sold to the Mirror, which absorbed it in 1890. The Herald was at first Independent, but soon turned Democratic. MT. FOREST, COOK COUNTY New Era, i 879-1 880: "Done by John J. Cobum, eaitor and pub- lisher." MT. MORRIS, OGLE COUNTY Rock River Register, January i-September, 1842 : It was estab- lished by friends of Rock River Seminary ; edited by Emanuel Knodle, whose death was announced in the twelfth number, and who was succeeded by D. C. Dunbar; published by Mr. Stephens and Jonathan Knodle. It was at first non-partisan, but on July 10 "came out" Whig, supporting Joseph Duncan, for governor and denouncing Judge Ford. It was moved to Grand Detour, and was discontiuned in 1843, probably in August. Gazette, March, 1850-1853 : Edited by Daniel J. Pinckney and published by J. Frederick Grosh and Torolinson Ankney. Pinckney was principal of the Rock River Seminary. Its edi- torial management was able, the editor striving to make it the exponent of his own ideas rather than a chronicle of the news of the day. At the end of one year the paper was sold to R. C. Burchell, who removed the outfit to Oregon. The paper was soon re-established, however. In 1851, Bray ton. Baker and Company appeared as publishers. C. C. Allen and S. D. Atkins moved it to Savanna, Illinois. Independent. Polo Northwestern Republican, 1856-1857-^: Published by C. G. Atwood and Henry Metcalf. They sold to Brayton, Potter, and Company, and then to Myron S. Barnes, who changed it to the F Independent Watchman, -1-1857-1861: Published by Myron S. Barnes, 1857-1859. For the rest of its existence it was owned by a joint stock company, with Mr. J. D. Dopf as publisher, and under the editorial management of Professor W. S. Pope and Dr. F. A. McNeill. Material removed to Polo. Repub- lican. EF MT. STERLING, BROWN COUNTY 253 Annual, 1862-1868: Edited by Col. B. F. Sheets, who was suc- ceeded by Rev. J. H. Vincent. A Sunday school paper. Independent, 1876-1877+: Established by a joint stock company organized by Samud Knodle. D. J. Pinckney was editor. It soon was sold to John Sharer and became Ogle County Democrat, May, +187 7-1 886: John Sharer was editor and publisher and Dr. B. G. Stephens, associate editor. These persons conducted the paper nine years, when it was dis- continued and the plant removed to Oregon, Illinois. MT. PULASKI, LOGAN COUNTY Sentinel, 1870-1871+: Established by Francis M. Doulton, who was succeeded not long after by John Bush. In August, 1871, the paper was changed to the Observer, +1871-1873+: Changed from the Sentinel, August, 1871; conducted by Frank Sloan till July, 1873, when it was changed to the Dollar Star + 1873 + : Published for a short time by Joel Dunbar, who changed it to the Star, +1873-1876: Changed from the Dollar Star soon after the beginning of Dunbar's control ; published by him until October, 1876, when it was sold out. Citizen, November 29, 1876 to date (1884): Established by the ConkUn Brothers, who were stiU publishing it in 1878. In 1880, the editor was J. W. Wolfe; H. C. Suttle, 1882 to 1884. Independent in politics. MT. STERLING, BROWN COUNTY Prairie Pioneer, 1848-1850+ : A Democratic paper, founded and edited by John Bigler. Its next editor was P. L. Shutt, who was followed by J. B. More, with Geo. S. Myers as his publisher. Changed to Prairie Democrat, +1850-1852+: J. R. Bailey edited it for E. T. HoUister, its owner. In 1852 it strongly urged the selec- tion of Stephen A. Douglas as the Democratic candidate for president. Became the F Chronotype, +1852-1855: Mr. Bailey remained its editor, until 1855 when he removed the material to Jacksonville, where he established the Sentinel. F Western Spy, 1856-1857 : Established and edited by A. L. Snow with G. W. Gross as associate editor. In 1857 it was sold to B. H. Irwin, who sold to Nicholson and Shurtleff. They moved it to Beardstown. Whig. 254 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Union, 1856-1863+ : A Democratic paper, owned by a stock com- pany and edited by Robert A. Glenn and James R. Gordon. After several changes in ownership it was suspended for a few months in 1857. It was revived by J. C. O'Neil, who was its editor and publisher, 1857-1861; J. C. and Martin O'Neil, 1861; jr. C. O'Neil, 1861-1863. When he died in 1863 the establishment was sold, after a few months, to Sam. S. and Martin Brooks, changed the name to the Record, +i 863-1 869+ : They continued to publish it as a Dem- ocratic paper until 1869, when they sold it to J. S. H. Ham- baugh, who called it the Weekly Gazette, 4-1869-18724-: He published it until 1872, when he sold it to Gervis M. RusseU, who changed it to Brown County Democrat, 4-1872-18864- : Gervis M. Davis was editor and proprietor, 1872-1874; H. K. Davis and S. N. Jones, 1874-1875; Mr. Davis, 1875-1886. When Mr. Davis assumed control it was an organ of the Grangers. It afterwards advocated the principles of the Greenback party. In 1876 it supported Peter Cooper, and in 1880, Gen. Hancock. Consolidated with the IlUinois Weekly Message in 1886. Brown County Republican, May, 1866-1867: Established by J. S. Nicholson; W. O. L. Jewett and Higgins, 1867; Barrett and David D. Wilson, 1867; David D. Wilson, 1867, when publication ceased. Illinois Weekly Message, January, 187 2-1 886 4- : Established by Henry A. Glenn and Eugene C. Brockman ; E. C. Brock- man and Mart Brooks, 1873-1876; E. C. Brockman, 1876- 1883; J. B. Stubblefield and Charles Kendrick, 1883; C. H. Wetzel, 1883-1884; S. T. Ranney, 1884-1886. July, 1886, purchased by Mrs. Mary Davis and W. B. Davis, who consoli- dated it with the Democrat, becoming the Democrat-Message, 4- July, 1886, to date, still under the management of Mrs. Mary Davis and W. B. Davis. In October, 1899, it was changed to twice a week. Democratic. MT. VERNON, JEFFERSON COUNTY Jeffersonian, 1851-18564- : Established by Bogan and Stickney, and later published by John S. Bogan alone. In 1854 Mr. Bogan sold to Bowman and Robinson, who after a short time sold it to Dodds, Johnson and Company. J. B. Tanner was their editor, and the paper was run in the interest of a railroad project. That accomplished, it was changed to F MT. VERNON, JEFFERSON COUNTY 255 Sentinel, +1856-1857+: It was published by Tanner, Casey, and Anderson, with the latter gentleman as editor; afterwards published by John A. Wall and Joe V. Baugh. It became the Egyptian Torchlight, +spring till late fall, 1857+ : Published by Hollingsworth and Wall. The latter withdrew a short time before Hollingsworth, who was succeeded by Ed. Satterfield. He published the paper for a few weeks, and then it changed hands and name, becoming the Advocate, +1857-1858+ : Owned by Dr. S. Turner Brown, and published by him, with the assistance of Satterfield and Dowler, for three weeks at the end of 1857. Satterfield then kept the paper alive imtil the spring of 1858, after which time it was con- tinued with a change of hands as the Star, +1858-1865 : Controlled by S. B. Curtis and James S. Lane, 1858-1859; John A. WaU, nine months; Ed. and John Satter- field to 1861 ; John Satterfield to dose of 1861 ; Judge Satter- field (father of Ed. and John) and Wm. Davisson, to spring of 1862; Ed. Satterfield, to fall of 1862; Ed. and John Satterfield, 1862-1865. The paper was bought in November, 1865, by C. L. Hays, who began in December to publish the Free Press. Guardian, i 860-1 863+: Established by Alex Russell and John A. Wall, April, i860; the first Republican paper. It even claimed to be a War Democrat. Russell and Wail, 1860-1861 ; Russell and Denlinger, a few months, beginning in the spring (April ?) of 1861 ; fall of i86i, Denlinger . In March, 1863, the Guardian was changed to Unconditional Unionist, +1863-1867: Established by John A. Wall, who published it three years. A. B. Barrett and others formed a stock company for the maintenance of the Unionist upon Wall's withdrawal. A. J. Alden was editor 1866 to sum- mer of 1867. George W. Moray, his successor, discontinued the paper after five weeks. It was Republican in politics. Free Press, 1865-1880: Established by C. L. Hayes, Decem- ber 6, 1865, and published from the office of the Star. In March, 1872, Hayes sold to R. A. D. Wilbanks and G. M. Haynes, who managed the Press till the following October, and were then succeeded by W. H. Mantz, to whom they leased the office. Mantz continued till the spring of 1876, when Don Davisson succeeded him. From April, 1879, to February, 1880, the business was backed by a stock company of Greenbackers, and William B. Anderson was editor. They sold out to H. H. Simmons of the News, February, 1880. Statesman, 1867-1873: Established by Henry Hitchcock, Sep- tember 3, 1867, to succeed the Unionist. Hitchcock sold out 2s6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS in May, 1873, to C. L. Hayes and R. M. Morrison, who began the publication of the Sucker State. The Statesman was Repub- lican in politics. News, September 2, 1871 to date: Established by Lawrence F. Tromly and Company. Theodore Tromly joined his brother, and as the Tromly Brothers they published the News, till the spring of 1876, as a Republican paper. At this time they sold to C. L. Hayes, who in turn sold to C. A. Keller, January, 1887, Hayes retaining possession till April i. Keller sold to H. H. Simmons, November 28, 1877. The latter had edited the News since April. In February, 1880, Mr. Simmons bought the Free Press, which he combined with the News. In 1883 he was stUl publishing his paper as the Mt. Vernon News. Simmons has been followed successively by John W. Grear, Grear and Baker, Pace and Baker, Sumner and Baker; and, as both a daUy and a weekly, by the Mt. Vernon News Company, with Joe V. Baugh as editor. A Democratic paper. Sucker State, 1873-1874: Established by C. L. Hayes and R. M. Morrison, who had bought Hitchcock's Statesman oflice. May, 1873. The paper now became Democratic in politics. Morrison retired December 27, 1873. The paper failed under Hayes in 1874. Weekly Exponent, 1878-1884+ : Moved from Casey, in Clark county, without change of name, by Edward Hitchcock, No- vember, 1878. Publication in Mt. Vernon began December 5, 1878, with the first number of vol. 3. Hitchcock had edited also the first two volumes. In 1884 he sold to Morris Emmerson, who changed the name to Register, and in 1892 began the daily. On September i, 1902, Emmerson sold to Maurice J. Seed, who has continued the publication of both papers. Its politics were Republican. MOWEAQUA, SHELBY COUNTY Register, 1872-1880: Established by A. M. Anderson, editor, and John P. Marnel. In 1875 sold to Arnold Hughes. After two years it ceased. In 1878 F. M. Hughes purchased the plant and resumed the publication as an Independent paper, but it became Democratic. Discontinued. Illustrated Baptist, 1879 : Printed by the Register. MURPHYSBORO, JACKSON COUNTY Jackson Democrat, 1855: The proprietors were George C. and F. C. Bierer. It was bought and discontinued in the fall of 1855 by Lt. Gov. A. M. Jenkins. NAPERVILLE, DuPAGE COUNTY 257 Sentinel, 1855: Established by Lt. Gov. Jenkins, who sold the establishment to S. S. Hall. He moved it to DeSoto, where it was known as the Farmer. Argus, i860 (?): In 1869 a paper by the same name, estab- lished 1868, was edited and published by W. F. Schuckers; T. F. Bouton and W. D. Frick, 1870; Evans and Dishon, 1873. In 1873 it was superseded by the Era. Democratic. Independent, 1873 to date (1877): Edited by Bethune Dishon and John W. Grear. In 1876 Mr. Dishon severed his con- nection. Mr. Grear edited alone until 1877. Independent in politics imtil 1877, then Democratic. In 1877 Mr. James C. Sowers became connected with the paper. Jackson County Era and Southern Illinoisan, 1873-1902+: J. P. Robarts was. editor; Robarts and Evans, publishers, 1874; G. J. Burr was editor; G. J. Burr and Company, publishers, 1879. It was continued until 1902, when it was absorbed by the Republican and the continuation called Republican-Era. Daily and weekly, run by H. L. Williamson. Industrial Tribune, i 878-1 880: Ingram was editor and pub- lisher in 1880. Greenback. NAPERVILLE, DuPAGE COUNTY DuPage County Recorder, 18494- : Edited by C. J. Sellon as a non-partisan paper. Changed to F Democratic Plaindealer, 4-1850: It now became an organ of Democracy. Daughter of Temperance, 1850: Issued weekly. DuPage County Observer, 1851-1854: It sprang from the re- mains of the Democratic Plaindealer. Published by Barnes, Humphrey, and Keith, 1851; by Barnes, Martin, and Keith, 1852-1854. F DuPage County Journal, 1854-1857: Established by C. W. Keith. It was conducted successively by C. W. Keith, Keith, Edson and Company ; J. M. Edson and E. M. Day. In Feb- ruary, 1857, the building in which the office was situated was carried away by a flood. Newsletter, 1857 : Published by E. H. Eyer. Sentinel, (?)- 1862 : Published by D. B. Birdsall. DuPage County Press, i 863-1 868 -I- : Owned by Robert Naper and P. K. Potter, who in 1868 sold to D. B. Givler, who changed it to 2S8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Clarion, + February, 1868 to date; Established by D. B. Givler and published by him until January, 1905, when he sold to his son, R. N. Givler, the present publisher. Neutral. College Chronicle, 1873-1876; 1883 to date: Published by students composing the Chronicle Publishing Company in the interest of Northwestern College. H. H. Rassweiler was editor, 1873-1875; J. L. Rockey, 1875-1876. Monthly. Files in N. W. Coll. Lib. DuPage County Volkszeitung, 1879-1880: Edited and pub- lished by Theodore Blenkner. German, neutral. NAPLES, SCOTT COUNTY Spirit of the West, 1837-1838: Established by a stock company, and edited and published by Nathan M. Knapp at intervals of apparently more than a fortnight and less than a month. James M. Ruggles did the printing. The motto explained: "Amidst the hum — the strife — the shock of men, we hear — we see — we feel — and then express." The editor promised by way of exercising his catalog of sensations, that a portion of the sheet should be devoted to "Education, Morality, Political Economy, Poetry, and General Miscellany." Before July 14 the estab- lishment had been moved to Jacksonville, where the paper be- came the Spirit oj the West and Illinois Standard. Politically "uninfluenced by partisan prejudice." Post, about 1840: A Whig paper conducted by Mark W. Delahay. Observer, about 1850: Published by a Mr. Tilden (A. S. ?). NASHVILLE, WASHINGTON COUNTY New Era, 1851-18534- : Established and edited by a joint stock company of a few citizens who secured the service of P. W. Skinner as printer and manager of the mechanical part. Johnson and Logan were editors and publishers in 1852. Neutral as to politics. In 1853 it was sold to Robert K. Fleming and the name changed to F Monitor, -I- 1853-1856-t- : Fleming's management of it was brief, and the former stockholders, taking it back, gave charge of it to M. L. McCord, who, being a Whig, gave it up because he refused to make it a Democratic organ during the campaign of 1856. Henry Johnson was called to take his place, and he changed its name to Democrat, -|-i 856-1 860 -|- : Under Johnson it supported Buchanan for the presidency. In 1858 Elijah M. Vance became manager. From Mr. Vance it passed into the hands of O. P. Hoddy, who passed it over to P. C. Graves, Sr., and gave it the name of F NASHVILLE, WASHINGTON COUNTY 259 Washington County Herald, +1860-186:2+: C. E. Hammond appeared as editor, 1860-1862. He sold out to M. M. Goodner, who called it Jacksonian, +1862-1863+ : Decidedly Democratic in its sympa- thies. Mr. Goodner sold to Francis M. Vemer, who called it the Constitution, +1863 (?): Amos Watts appeared as editor. Soon ceased. Young American Democrat, +1853 (?): Another paper which was regarded by its editors and publishers, Henry John- son and D. L. Logan, as the successor of Era. Probably dis- continued in 1856, when Johnson took charge of Monitor, which he renamed Democrat. F Journal, 1863 to date: Established in oppposition to the Jackso- nian, by a stock company which was organized December, 1862, by James Garvin and C. F. Hartman. The first issue was January 23, 1863. C. F. Hartman was editor and proprietor until 1870, when he sold out to G. F. Kimball and F. M. Taylor. James B. Matlack was manager and local editor. Kimball and Taylor sold to Matlack and J. B. Anderson. The latter firm continued to 1874 when Anderson sold his interest to C. F. Hart- man. Matlack and Hartman continued to May, 1875, when Hartman sold to Matlack. After a few weeks, Madack sold a half interest to C. D. Wassell. In December, 1876, Wassell became sole owner. One month later, J. B. Wassell joined C. D. WasseU and the firm continued to date as Wassell Bros. Dr. W. M. Pierce was editor from the time this firm was formed imtil 1880; Way and Jones, 1880; Hartman and Company, 1882; Hartman and Schmidt, 1884; Henry J. Schmidt, editor, Emil Schmidt, publisher, 1891; Schmidt and Watts, 1895; H. J. Schmidt, to date. Republican in politics. People's Press, 1866-1867+: Established as a successor to the Constitution by a stock company of Democrats, with Amos Watts as proprietor and manager ; Col. W. H. Redding, editor. After one year Amos Watts became editor. A year and a half after this, in the spring of 1867, Joseph B. Anderson became publisher and proprietor and changed the name to the Democrat, +1867 to date: Published for the first year of its existence under the new name, by Joseph B. Anderson. Spring of 1870, Peter W. Baker, editor and proprietor, for eight months. Late fall of 1870, D. A. Burton and O. P. Hoddy. Fall of 1871, J. B. Anderson and S. C. Page. November 30, 1871, W. S. and C. M. Forman. Forman Brothers sold No- vember 15, 1876, to J. J. Anderson, editor and proprietor till after 1891; Vemor and Carson, 1895; E. F Beiser, to date. Democratic. 26o ILLINOIS raSTORICAL COLLECTIONS Washington County Zeitung, 1874 to date (1882): Established March, 1874, by Forman Brothers and Dr. H. D. Schmidt. The latter was editor ; the firm name was H. D. Schmidt and Company. March, 1876, Forman Brothers sold to a stock company, H. D. Schmidt and brother becoming managers. July, 1876, the Schmidts retired, a new stock company was formed, with For- man Brothers as managers and Herman Rieken, editor. It continued thus until February i, 1879, when J. J. Anderson bought the Zeitung and in 1879 was sole publisher and proprietor of the Zeitung and Democrat. In 1880 and 1882 Zeitung Printing Company were editors and publishers. U Illinois Volksblatt, 1876 to date: Established by H. D, Schmidt and Emil Schmidt in August, 1876. The former was editor to after 1884. Hartman and Company were publishers in 1882, 1884. In 1 89 1 Emil Schmidt was editor, Herman Rieken, publisher; F. C. Krumsick, editor, Schmidt and Waldo, pub- lishers, 1895 to date. Republican. NAUVOO, HANCOCK COUNTY Times and Seasons, 1839-1846: A Mormon paper founded by Ebenezer Robinson and D. C. Smith — the youngest brother of the prophet, Joseph Smith. It was issued semi-monthly, dur- ing the stay of the Mormons in the county, under several editors and publishers, among whom, besides its founders, were the prophet himself, Frederick G. Williams, John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff and W. W. Phelps. SH Wasp, April 16, 1842-1843-I- : Founded by the patriarch, William Smith, who was succeeded as editor, late in 1842, by John Taylor. Issued from the office of the Times and Seasons. It became the HL Neighbor, 4-1843-1845-!-: Edited by John Taylor, one of the twelve apostles, and published by Taylor and Woodruff. Changed to HLF Hancock Eagle, -)-i84S-April 3, 1846-I- : Still a Mormon paper; edited by Dr. W. E. Matlack — a gentile. He was a graduate of Princeton and had been editorially connected with Horace Greeley on the New Yorker. In politics it was Democratic. Upon the death of Mr. Matlack the paper was sold to Samuel Slocum and changed to HL New Citizen, -I- i 846-1 847: Anti-Mormon, edited by Dr. Isaac GaUand, later J. S. Winter. Published by Samuel Slocum. HL Expositor, June 7, 1844: Established to expose the controlling faction of Mormons. After one number was issued it was de- clared a nuisance by the common councD and the press and NEPONSET, BUREAU COUNTY 261 material were burned or destroyed by the city marshal — an act leading to the lynching of the brothers, Joseph and Hyrum Smith. It was established by William and Wilson Law, Charles and Rob- ert D. Foster, Francis M. and Chauncey L. Higbee, and man- aged by Sylvester Emmans ; all were Mormons who protested against the despotism of Joseph Smith. SL CoLONiE IcARiENNE, 1845 : Published by the Icarian community. Patriot, 1847-1850 : A Democratic paper edited by James McKee. Icarian Review, 1851 : Published by the Icarian community and edited by M. Etienne Cobet. Popular Tribune, January 25, 1851 (?): "Journal of Reform and Social Reorganization Organ of the Icarian Com- munity, under the direction of M. E. Cobet, formerly an attor- ney general and deputy of France, and now president of the above conmiunity." By July, 1853, Popular had been dropped from the title. F Democratic Press, 1858-1860: Founded by Gregg and Lambert. In a few months Messrs. Yates, Chapman, Bauer, and Swartz took the concern. Finally Mr. Yates, being alone, secured Mr. Grove to conduct it. His successor was Abraham Yates. Hancock County Journal, 1870-1875: Established by Theo Bischof and conducted by him until 1875. Printed at the office of the Keokuk Post. Independent, October, 1873 to date: Kremer and Thomas estab- lished and ran the paper for forty-four weeks, when they sold to Hamilton and Nelson (B. R. Hamilton and Joseph Nelson). After a year Hamilton retired and Nelson continued the paper till 1880; Hibbard and Baumert, 1880-1885; Baumert and Argast, 1885-1888; Baumert Brothers, 1888 . Since 1902 the paper has been issued semi-weekly. UL NEOGA, CUMBERLAND COUNTY Advertiser, 1874-1875-!- : Established by S. Z. Bland as an adver- tising medium. It was sold the next year to AUison Brothers of Mattoon, who changed the name to the News, -1-1875 to date: In 1876 the paper was sold to Hancock and Kelley. Kelley retired a year later. The paper was, in 1907, conducted by Mrs. T. R. Hancock with W. M. Simpson as editor. It is now owned and edited by L. A. Osborne. NEPONSET, BUREAU COUNTY Gazette, i 868-1 870: Established by Charles M. King. 262 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS NEWARK, KENDALL COUNTY Kendall County News, 1878 (?): An edition of the Piano News. R. M. and Callie D. M. Springer were editors and pub- lishers in 1879. Clipper, (?). NEW ATHENS, ST. CLAIR COUNTY Era, 1869-1876: Established by Bauman and Schild. Frank R. O'Neill was editor and publisher in 1871 ; T. D. Schoupe, 1872- 1874; sold to George Auerswald in 1875 and he in 1876 moved the of&ce to BeUeviUe, where he commenced the Independent. NEW BERLIN, SANGAMON COUNTY Advance, 1874: W. T. Lakin was editor and publisher. Printed at the office of the Waverly Times. NEW BOSTON, MERCER COUNTY Golden Age, i852-(after 1854) : Edited and published by L. W. Myers and M. Boyd. F Herald, 1865-187 2: A Republican paper, edited and published by C. A. Ballard. NEW BURNSIDE, JOHNSON COUNTY Johnson County Journal, i 874-1 879: A. J. Allen was editor and publisher in 1875; Judd J. Penny, 1876; J. B. Chapman 1877; Milton M. Smith was editor and publisher in 1879. Printed at Vienna. Independent. U NEWMAN, DOUGLAS COUNTY Democrat, 1873-1874+ : Established by Cicero V. Walls. After six months he suspended it for a year. When he resumed pub- lication he changed the name to Independent, +1875 to date: In 1882-1883 Wall leased to Carle A. Uhler for about a year. In 1884 he again leased it to A. B. Smith. In 1887 A. B. and M. S. Smith purchased the plant. In 1894 A. B. Smith retired from the firm and M. S. Smith has been sole proprietor since. Though Independent at first, it became and is still Republican. NEW RUTLAND, LA SALLE COUNTY Record, 1871-1872: Established by C. M. Thompson. Repub- lican. Journal, 1872-1877 : Edited by E. F. Baldwin, published by Walter Hoge, then by John Wadleigh, 1874-1875 and 1877 ; Journal Company, 1876. An edition of the El Paso Journal. Times, 1874-1877: J. H. Brevoort was editor and publisher. Issued from the office of the Minonk Times. NOKOMIS, MONTGOMERY COUNTY 263 NEWTON, JASPER COUNTY Enquirer, 1856-1858+ : A Democratic paper published by Geo. E. Hoar. Became the Jasper County Democrat, +1858-1862: Published bj Mehaffey and Odell. Plaindealer, 1858: Edited by J. H. Graham as an "Independent Democratic" journal. Short-lived. Tt was succeeded by the Democratic Watchman, 1858-1865+: Bought by Dr. T. H. Walker who engaged a Mr. Sears as editor. The name was changed to the Press, +1865 to date: Later sold to a Mr. Stotler, with James Stotler as editor. The paper was bought, after four months, by T. H. and A. N. Walker. In 1882 it was bought by John H. Shup, with Frank L. Shup as editor. The latter became part owner with John H. Shup, then with Isaac Shup, and later with James W. Gibson, who is now editor and publisher. The paper became a bi-weekly ia 1899. Jasper County Clipper, 1874-1876: E. Gorrell was editor and publisher. Jasper County Times, 1876 (?): In 1879 E. Gorrell was editor and publisher. Probably successor to Clipper Indepen- dent Democratic. NEW WINDSOR, MERCER COUNTY Times, 1873 : Chadwick and Brown were editors and publishers. Press, 1874-1876: W. S. Coe and Company were editors and pub- lishers in 1875; Ward and Young in 1876; H. W. Young in 1877. Republican. NIANTIC, MACON COUNTY Herald, October, 1874 (?): Established by R. V. Malloy. Had a brief existence. NILWOOD, MACOUPIN COUNTY Journal, 1874-1876: D. C. Mclver was editor and W. E. Milton was publisher in 1875 ; W. E. Milton, publisher in 1876. Printed at the ofl&ce of the Girard Review. NOKOMIS, MONTGOMERY COUNTY Advertiser, 1868-1871 : Established by A. H. Draper and a Mr. Henderson. Gazette, 1871-1878+ : Established by Picket and H. F. White. In the fall of 1872 James Bone took the plant on a mortgage and sold to D. H. Zepp and a Rev. Mr. Smoyer. In 1873 D. H. 264 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Zepp became sole owner and sold in 1875 to H. F. White. White soon sold to Hiram Graden. Suspended after a few years ; its name was revived in 1878 and consolidated with Free Press. U Bulletin, 1873-1876: Established by A. H. Draper; continued for three years, and afterward intermittently. Free Press, 1877-March, 1878+ : Established as an advertising sheet by E. M. Hulbert, who the next year consolidated it with the Gazette, and the new paper was called Free Press-Gazette, +March, 1878 to date: Established, edited, and published by E. M. Hulbert and Hiram Graden. Graden soon retired, after which event Hulbert was sole owner. In 188 1 the Atlas (established 1880 by H. M. Graden) was absorbed. In December, 1888, J. W. WUd, editor and manager of the Deutsch Amerikaner (established by E. M. Hulbert, December, t88o), bought a half interest in the Free Press-Gazette and has been editor and half owner since. In April, 1893, E. M. Hulbert sold to George E. Whitten, who in July, 1897, sold to E. Frank Draper. He sold, in July, 1901, to G. H. Webster. Wild and Webster still conduct both papers. Non-partisan since 1880. Before that time Gazette was Republican, Free Press Democratic. Complete bound files in oflSce. NORMAL, McLean COUNTY Illinois Schoolmaster, June, 1871-December, 1876: Established in Bloomington, June, 1868, as Schoolmaster; moved to Chicago, then became Chicago Schoolmaster; moved to Normal, June, 1871. It was then edited and owned by Aaron Gove and E. C. Hewitt. In February, 1873, it was merged with Illinois Teacher as Illinois Schoolmaster and conducted by Gove and Hewitt until October, 1874, when John W. Cook replaced Gove. John W. Cook alone was editor and publisher of the number for No- vember and that of December, 1876, with which the career of the Schoolmaster closed. The Illinois Schoolmaster is mentioned as one of the papers which were combined to form the Educational Weekly of Chicago, December, 1876. File owned by W. L. Pills- bury, Urbana, Illinois. HU NORRIS CITY, JOHNSON COUNTY Journal, 1874: A. J. Alden was editor and publisher. Printed at the oflSce of the Vienna Journal. NOYESVILLE, COOK COUNTY Extemporary Bulletin, i86i(?) : Listed, without details, in Ken- ney's American Newspaper Directory for 1861. OLNEY, RICHLAND COUNTY 265 NUNDA (now NORTH CRYSTAL LAKE), McHENRY COUNTY Herald, 1866 to date: Established by I. M. Mallory, who was sole editor and proprietor until 1896, when he sold to Justin V. Beatty, the present publisher. Republican. When the name of the town was changed in 1908 from Nunda to North Crystal Lake the name of the paper was made Crystal Lake Herald. OAKLAND, COLES COUNTY Herald, 1875 to date (1880) : Established by J. W. Crane, after- ward owned by S. A. Reel and Company with Rev. J. P. Camp- bell as editor. In 1879 O. Dicks was editor; R. G. Forsyth publisher. L. M. Priest was editor and publisher in 1880. Re- publican, 1877; Independent (Rowell), 1879; Greenback (Ayer), 1881. Ledger, September 6, 1879 to date: Established by J. S. Yeargin. L. T. Yeargin has been connected with the paper for more than thirty years and is its present editor. Independent-Republican. ODELL, LIVINGSTON COUNTY Independent, 1869-1870: J. H. Warner was editor and publisher. Weekly, 1873-1874: W. D. Wilson was editor and publisher. Centennial, 1876 : Published by the Livingston County Publishing Company. Herald, 1877 to date (1879) : In 1879 J. H. Warner was editor and publisher. ODIN, MARION COUNTY Southern Illinois Journal, November, 1869-1870: Mr. Wilson was editor and proprietor. The paper continued until late in 1870. Star, 1871-1872: DiUe and Ames were editors and publishers. O'FALLON, ST. CLAIR COUNTY Advance, 1874-1876: T. W. Eckert was editor and publisher. OLNEY, RICHLAND COUNTY News, 1849-1850: A paper established by Daniel Cox and Alfred Kitchell ; edited and paid for by Kjtchell, it is said, to promote his election as a Whig to the office of state's attorney. He was already prosecuting attorney for the fourth circuit when the paper was started. Republican, i85o-i869( ?) -|- : Established by John M. Wilson, who conducted it most of the time as a Democratic paper. James J. Mayes was publisher in 1855. He sold in 1855 to a Mr. McClaharty, who made the paper Whig, ran it one year, and 266 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS died. The paper was sold to James Wright, a Whig, who sup- ported Fremont for president. By 1869 it was owned by Beck and Boyer and changed to F Journal, -|-i869(?)-i876-1- : Conducted by James Beck and Eli Boyer until 1872, when they sold to H. H. Lusk. Lusk sold about 1874 to Israel A. Powell, who in 1876 changed the name to News, +1876+ : Israel A. Powell conducted the paper for awhile and, according to some informants sold to W. F. Ratcliffe, who soon sold to T. A. Fritchey. A copy dated February 23, 1876, is vol. I, no. I, edited and published by W. F. Ratcliffe. In any event the name was changed back to U Richland County Republican, + 1876 to date : By T. A. Fritchey, who put the paper in a sound condition. In 1895 Dan W. Fritchey was editor; in 1907, Lozier D. Yount. The paper is still issued twice a week. Republican. Dollar Weekly Gazette, 1855-1856+ : Established by John J. Buntin, MUo N. Powers, and James Nabb, and conducted by them until 1858, when they sold to William M. Beck. He changed the name to Times, +1856-1861+: A Republican paper, edited by William M. Beck and E. Kitchell, and published by William M. Beck, 1856-1860. The number for November 19, 1858, had "Abram Lincoln for President for i860" at the head of the editorial column. Beck died in i860 ; his sons continued the paper for a time, then sold, in 1861, to a Mr. Hawkins. He sold to Miles B. Friend, who changed the name to HF Ledger, +i86i-i862(?): Friend made the paper Democratic. Sold to R. F. Steger, who in turn sold to Felix C. Carroll. Car- roll changed the name to Press,^ i862(?)-i873+: According to Bryant Higgins, of Olney, Carroll continued the Press until 1873, when he sold to E. B. Barnard and Mr. Hanna, who changed the name back to Times, +1873 to date: In a short time Barnard became sole owner. He died in 1882 ; for a short time thereafter Robert B. Witcher ' A history o£ Richland County gives the following items concerning the Press, and the variance between this and the account of Mr. Higgins, Mr. Higgins refuses to clear up. I am unable to get information from the editors, and no files are known to exist. "Weekly Press. 1858-1864: Established and edited by James Wright. Democratic. Sold in i860 to R. F. Steigerand J. H. Graham (see Newton Plaindealer). They sold to W. D. Mumford (see Cumberland Democrat, Prairie City), who added a part of the material of a confiscated office in Arkansas. In 1864 the office was broken up by a mob of soldiers because of radical expressions in the paper, and its publication was discontinued." — P. W. S. OQUAWKA, HENDERSON COUNTY 267 conducted the paper, which then fell into the hands of W. F. Beck. Beck sold to Thomas Tippit, and he to D. P. Moore and H. C. Morris. They sold, since 1907, to Elbert Rowland. ONARGA, IROQUOIS COUNTY Mercury, 1859-1861: Its publishers were R. McKee, Davis a]|^ Backus. Times, December 1, 1870-1871 : Established by Louis M. Babcock and Jacob Keiser. Mr. Keiser withdrew in a short time. Mr. Charles Drumm bought an interest and became foreman, Mr. Babcock being editor. May 4, 1871, was the last issue before the removal of the Times to Watseka, where it was continued as the Iroquois Times. Some years after the name was changed again to the Iroquois County Times, and as such the paper was still being published in 1897. Advertiser, i864(?)- 1865+ : Published by Ed. Rumley. In 1865 the Advertiser was changed to the Review. One date given for the first issue is August, 1865. Grand Prairie Review, +1865-1869: Originally the Advertiser. One date for the merging of the Advertiser into the Review is given as February, 1866. Rumley and Lowe were editors and publishers. The office was moved to Moline, December, 1869. Seminary Gazette i867-i869(?): Edited by the faculty of Grand Prairie Seminary and published by Rumley and Lowe. Frdu Grower. Courier, 1870 : Published from spring to fall of that year by Jacob Keiser, who moved it in the faU to Winimac, Indiana. Review, 1872 to date: Established by John B. Lowe in the winter of 1872, and stiU published by him in 1880. By 1881 it was called Central Illinois Review, with J. D. Long as editor, 1882; E. W. Warren, 1884-1891 ; Palmer and Gilbert, 1895. By 1895 it was called Leader and Review. Republican. (Prints an edi- tion under the name Inquirer at Buckley, Iroquois county.) ONEIDA, KNOX COUNTY News, November, 1876-September, 1879: Edited and published throughout its existence by A. W. Ladd. Complete files owned by Mr. Ladd, now publisher of the Weekly News, Albion, Nebraska. Journal, (?) (?): Appeared but a few times, when it was merged with the Galesburg Register. OQUAWKA, HENDERSON COUNTY Spectator, February 12, 1848- January 22, 1908: The Spectator wsis published continuously by members of the Patterson family for 268 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS nearly sixty-one years. Founded by J. B. Patterson, it was con- tinued by him until Jamuary 31, 1849; then by J. B. and E. H. N. Patterson^ until January 14, 1875 ; by J. B. Patterson until February 7, 1878 ; by J. B. and Harry N. Patterson (a grandson) untn July 31, 1884; by Harry N. Patterson until January 4, 1899; by Harry N. and F. A. Patterson (his wife) until January 22, 1908, when the paper was discontinued. From October 16, 1850, to April 18, 1856, the title was Oquawka Spectator and Keithshurg Observer. A weekly, non-partisan paper to 1863, when it became a Democratic organ. After 1891 it was a Pro- hibition paper. Files 1848 to date are the property of Mr. Harry Patterson. FD Plaindealer, i852-i858(?): The editors and proprietors of this paper were F. A. Dallam, 1852-1855 ; Horace Bigelow and Mr. Dallam, 1855-1856; James W. Reed and Mr. Bigelow, 1856- 1857; J. K. Magie and David Mitchell, 1857 ; M- H. Jamison; and Mr. Chamberlain, who moved it to BiggsvUle. From there it was taken by Judson Graves to Kirkwood, Warren county. Monthly Novellette, 1868 to date (1869) : Published by Biggs and Hevener. Henderson County Journal, 1878 to date: Established by E. A. HaU, and published continuously by him to date. Republican. Leisure Moments, August, 1870-July, 1871 : A small four-page monthly published by E. B. Chickering, who seems to have had a Job printing ofi&ce and an unpublished story. The story and the periodical ended with the eleventh instalment. OREGON, OGLE COUNTY Ogle County Gazette, -f-June 11, 1851+: Removed from Mt. Morris and edited by R. C. Burchell, 1851, who, when a few 1 Writing of Edgar Allan Poe, Mr. Bliss Perry says," In the last year of his life he was invited by a Mr. E. H. N. Patterson to become the editor of a new mag- azine." Mr. Patterson "proposed to found under Poe's editorship, 'an influen- tial periodical' at Oquawka, Illinois. 'Oquawka,' he admits, 'is comparatively an unimportant point, but I think that such being the case would not injure at all the circulation of the magazine. . . . Here I can enjoy every mail advan- tage that I could at St. Louis, teing but thirty hours travel from that city, and being situated immediately upon the Mississippi, with daily connection with the Northern Canal and St. Louis, and directly upon the great daily mail line from the East, through Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana.' " Park Street Papers, lo. A full account of the correspondence between Poe and Mr. Patterson was given some years ago by Eugene Field in America, and has been published with fac- simile reproductions of all the correspondence, by theCaxton Club: Some Letters of Edgar Allan Poe to B. H. N. Patterson of Oquawka, Illinois, with Comments by Eugene Field, Chicago, 1S98. ORION, HENRY COUNTY 269 months later the Gazette was revived at Mt. Morris, changed the name of the paper to Ogle County Reporter, +1851 to date: Edited by M. W. Smith, 1853; E. H. Leggett, 1857-1861; John Sharp, 1861-1868; owned by M. W. Smith with J. Sharp as editor, 1868-1871; Charles L. Miller and E. L. Otis (Miller being editor), 1871; Mr. Miller and brother, James P. Miller, 1871; William H. Gardner, editor and proprietor, 1871-1872; Gardner and Tim- oleon Oscar Johnston, 1872; Mr. Johnston editor and proprietor, 1872 till after 1878; Frank Schatzell and others. The present editor and publisher is Frank O. Robinson. Republican. F National Guard, 1866-1873+: Established by Samuel Wilson, most of the material furnished by a joint stock company of Democrats. In three months he associated with himself his brother, F. B. Wilson. S. and F. B. Wilson published the paper until 1867, when the junion partner retired and S. Wilson again became sole editor. In 1869 Ed. T. Richie became associated with Mr. Wilson. In three months Wilson retiree and Richie became sole proprietor. In 1871 he sold to Mr. Wilson, who again assumed management. In 1873 Jacob J. Buser pur- chased one half of the oflSce and in a month or two the name was changed to Ogle County Grange, +1873-1875+: Wilson and Jacob J. Buser, editors and publishers. In 1873 Buser purchased WU- spn's interest and was sole proprietor until February, 1875, when he associated with himself G. L. Bennett. In May, 1875, Buser and Bennett disposed of their entire interest to Charles R. Hawes, who changed the name to Courier, +1875 (?): Edited and published by Charles R. Hawes. In three months it was transferred to G. L. Bennett. In 1876 Henry P. Lason became editor and publisher. S. D. Wilson was editor and publisher in 1880. Republican. Before 1882 the paper had become the Independent, and was Indepen- dent in politics. In 1882 and 1884 W. E. Ray was editor and publisher. In 1891 the paper was being issued as a Democratic organ entitled Independent Democrat. Waggoner, Sherer, and Johnston were editors and publishers. By 1895 Sherer had withdrawn. Rapalee's Jokinello, 1877 : Started by Norman Rapalee. Monthly. Printed in the Courier office. ORION, HENRY COUNTY Chiep, 1873 to date (1876) : Edited and published in 1874 by B. W. Seaton and Sons; in 1875 and 1876 by B. W. Seaton. Printed at the office of the Cambridge Prairie Chief. 270 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ViDETTE, June-October, 1877+ ; Established by A. H. Chaffee. It was bought in October, 1877, by Bolles and N. J. Ludi, who changed the name to Times, + October, 1877-1887: Bolles sold to Ludi in 1878, who conducted the paper until 1883, when the plant was removed. W. A. Bolles put in another plant and continued the name, num- ber, and volume of the Times until 1887, when it was bought by a Prohibitionist company and called the Liberator. This con- tinued for about a year. Bolles repurchased the plant and sold in March, 1907, to F. S. Fullerton, the present editor. OSWEGO, KENDALL COUNTY Kendall County Courier, 1856 (?)+: Edited by H. S. Humphrey. Changed to Kendall County Free Press, H (?)-i864: Edited by A. R. Niblo. Moved to Vandalia. Vidette, (?): Taken to Aurora (?). Bold Hornet, ( ?) : Taken to Aurora ( ?). OTTAWA, LA SALLE COUNTY Republican, 1836 for a few months: A Democratic campaign paper, edited by J. V. A. Hoes. P Illinois Free Trader, i 840-1 843 -1- : A Democratic paper edited and published by George F. Weaver and John Hise. Changed to I A Free Trader, +1843 to"date: Published by John Hise and Wil- liam Osman, 1843-1845 ; William Osman Company, 1845-1847 ; William and Moses Osman, 1847-1853; George and Julius Avery, 1853-1856; William Osman, 1856-1868; Mr. Osman and Douglas Hapeman, 1868-1882 ; William Osman and Sons, 1882 to 1891; WUliam Osman and Son, 1891 to date. Issued weekly to 1887, thenceforward daily and weekly. Democratic. Files in oflSce. SEFP Constitutionalist, 1844-1852-I- : Established by James Lowry and H. E. Gedney. Mr. Gedney, 1850- June, 1852. Thaddeus Hampton bought the paper in June, 1852, and changed it to Republican, -1-1852-18904- : Edited and published by Mr. Ham- pton and J. W. Kelley, weekly to 1887, thenceforward daily and weekly. June, 1852-1857 ; Hampton and BuflBngton, 1857-1859 ; Mr. Hampton 1859-1864; William Perkins, 1864- January, 1867; Joshua Pusey, January, 1867-two months; Pusey and William Cullen, 1861-June, 1868; Franklin Corwin and George M. Radcliffe, June, 1868- January, 1870; Corwin and F. M. Sapp, January, 1870-a few months; Sapp and Radcliffe, 1 870-1 871; PALATINE, COOK COUNTY 271 Sapp and CuUen, January, 1871-July, 1887; Mr. Sapp, July, 1887-September, 1890. The Weekly Republican and the Daily Times were consolidated at the latter date as the Republican- Times, 1890 to date. Mr. Sapp and Mr. E. A. Nattinger were partners until January, 1900. At this time Mr. Nattinger's interest was sold to Charles E. Pettit and Fred A. Sapp, the firm name becoming Sapp, Pettit, and Sapp. "When the Kansas- Nebraska bill brought about the disruption of the Whig party in 1854, the Republican, which had until that time been an organ of the Whig party, was one of the first newspapers in the state to follow the leadership of Abraham Lincoln, Richard Yates and others in the organization of the Republican party.'" File from 1 85 2-1 860 in the oflSce of the Republican-Times, Ottawa. Mr. M. Hanifin, Ottawa, Illinois, has an unbound file. SU United Irishman, May 22, 1848 (?) : Published by an as- sociation of Irishmen, including Messrs. Ryan, Champlin, Fisher, Glover, and Hoes, with Maurice Murphy as the active agent. Devoted to the advocacy of " a repeal of that nefarious Legis- lative Union between England and Ireland, which has not en- riched England, but made Ireland poor indeed. ' ' F Statesman, 1868 to date (1869) : Edited and published by C. H. Hayes. Democratic. H Centrax Illinois Wochenblatt, 1868 to date: J. J. Witte and C. W. Denhard were partners in conducting the paper from 1869 to 1879. After Mr. Denhard's death in 1879 Mr. Witte was sole proprietor. German. Independent-Republican. Commercial Miller, May, 1873-May, 1874: Established and edited by Samuel S. Chisholm, published by the American Miller Publishing Company. After one year it was moved to Chicago, where it was continued under the same management. Monthly. H Times, 1877-1890: The Times began as a daily, and started a weekly edition in 1879. Edited and published by E. A. Nat- tinger. The Daily Timss was consolidated with the Republican, September, 1890. (See Republican.) Republican in politics. PALATINE, COOK COUNTY Herald, 1872-1876: Earlie Brothers and Company, were editors and pubUshers, 1873; F. E. Holton and Company, 1874; Wil- liams and Holton, 1875; Frank E. Holton, 1876. Republican. Enterprise, i784-i877(?): A monthly advertising sheet. J. W. Smith editor and publisher, 1875 ; Enterprise Company, 1876. 1 Letter from F. A. Sapp. 272 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Enterprise, 1878- (after 1891): Edited and published by W. G. Alden. In 1891 W. C. Williams was editor and publisher. No report in 1895. At first Republican, changed to Independent in politics. Printed an edition called Barrington Herald. PALESTINE, RANDOLPH COUNTY Illinois Chronicle and Literary Gazette, i83o(?): In the Crisis of Edwardsville for September 9, 1830, appeared a pro- posal for publishing a paper so entitled, to be edited by E. S. Janney and published by Caddington, Beck, and Janney. "It is intended to be emphatically a newspaper, containing correct and useful knowledge only — neither crowded with the com- plaints and disgusting squabbles of political demagogues, nor filled with the sickly productions of rhymsters, etc." There is no further trace of the publication. RuRALiST, 1856-1857 : Edited by Samuel R. Jones, an expounder of the religious doctrine of the "Christians." Independent as to politics. H Banner, 1858-1859: A Democratic paper edited by G. W. Harper. Yellow Jacket, 1859-1862: Started on the ruins of the defunct Banner by A. Malone and E. Logan — the latter withdrawing in a few months. It was Republican in its sympathies. PANA, CHRISTIAN COUNTY Weekly Herald, December 23, 1857-1867 : Established by Milan S. Beckwith; Independent in politics when first issued, but changed in 1858 to Democratic, and became a supporter of Douglas. The Herald was discontinued with no. 41 of vol. 10. Plaestdealer, 1 859-1 860: Edited by E. F. Chittenden. Moved to ShelbyvUle. Central Illinois Democrat, i860 -I- : Established January 7, by E. P. Sanders, proprietor and publisher, who had bought out the office of the TaylorvDle Journal. J. B. Butler was editor, assisted from February 23, i860, to June ist, by W. P. Phelon. November 9, i860, the office passed into the hands of G. W. Harper and F. J. Beck, publishers and editors, who changed the name to the Weekly Enterprise, -f November 9, 1860+ : After one issue the paper was bought November 24, i860, by O. F. Morrison and M. M. de Levis, who changed its name to the P0BLIC, + 1860-1862 : M. de Levis was editor. The paper was kept up by de Levis and Morrison until June i, 1862, when the office and paper were moved to Clinton, Illinois. Independent in politics. PARIS, EDGAR"COUNTY 273 Gazette, July 27, 1865-1891: Established by Richard Couch and R. M. Carr, editors and proprietors. April 7, 1866, Carr purchased the entire interest in the oflBce and remained editor and publisher until December 11, 1868, when R. W. Coon pur- chased a half interest. Carr and Coon were partners until Coon's withdrawal, February 10, 1871. Carr was editor and proprietor to 1880 or after. He was succeeded by J. C. Essick, who con- ducted the paper until 1883, when Thomas Kelligar succeeded. In 1884 W. S. Childress was editor. Mrs. Elizabeth Weaver purchased Childress's interest in 1885 and conducted the paper until 1891, when it was discontinued. Republican in politics. Central Orient, 1866-1868: Established June 20, 1866, by J. F. Hamer, publisher and C. S. Hilboum, editor; firm name, J. F. Hamer and Company. Democratic in politics. Discontinued May, 1868. Palladium, i86q to date: Established late in 1869 by S. D. Rich, who was succeeded April 23, 1870, by P. A. and J. J. Farley. After several years P. A. Farley's retirement left J. J. Farley sole proprietor and editor. March 15, 1877, he sold the oflSce to A. W. Chabin. Except from June to September of that year, when Jacob Swallow was a partner, Mr. Chabin was sole proprietor and editor from the date of his purchase to March 10, 1879. On that date the oflSce reverted to Farley Brothers, who sold it immediately to Jacob Swallow. Mr. Swallow was editor and owner until November i, 1906, when Joraan Brothers bought his interest. It is now conducted with W. B. Jordan as editor. Issued daily and weekly. Democratic in politics. Central Homestead, February to November, 1878: A monthly published by E. P. Sanders ; printed at the office of the Gazette. Weekly Argus, 1879 (?): Established by A. W. Chabin, March 15, 1879, upon his retirement from the Palladium. The first five numbers were printed in Shelbyville and brought to Pana for distribution. After this Colonel J. A. Hay ward became joint owner with Mr. Chabin and the office was established in Pana. The Argus was Democratic in politics until January i, 1880, when Colonel Hay ward became sole proprietor and editor, and made the paper Republican. Its politics was not again changed. Discontinued. Post-Office Register, (?) (?): Published by E. C Reese, and printed at the office of the Gazette. PARIS, EDGAR COUNTY Illinois Statesman, i836-( ?) : Published for several years by Love- lace and Delay. H 2 74 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Illinois Statesman, i84o-(?): A Democratic paper started for campaign purposes. A Prairie Beacon, 1848-1864+ : Founded by Jacob Harding; fol- lowed by S. L. Spink, and he by William Moore AEF Wabash Valley Republican, June, 1853 to after 1854: A Dem- ocratic paper founded by W. D. Latshaw and G. W. Cooper, who conducted it, 1853-1854; then by Messrs. Dill and Cooper, who sold to St. Clair Southerland. F Valley Blade, 1853-18644- : Joined to the Prairie Beacon in 1864 and known as Prairie Beacon and Valley Blade, +1864 until after 1879-I- : In 1869 it was edited and published by Dr. H. W. Davis and William Moore. In 1870 William and C. W. Moore were editors, and the first named was publisher. The name was later changed to Beacon, which is still published. McFarren Davis is editor. Daily since 1888. Democratic Standard, 1860-1865-!- : A Democratic paper estab- lished by McLaffy and OdeU. Conducted for a time by J. F. Snow and Brother of Bloomington. It was bought ana named Wabash Valley Times, -[-1865 (?): By William D. Latshaw and John G. Provine. It was afterward sold to H. B. Bishop. In 1869 it was edited and published by Provine and Bishop. Democratic. Edgar County Gazette, 1873-1874-I- : A Democratic paper estab- lished by James ShoafF. He died in 1874 and the paper was renamed Paris Gazette, +1874 to date: Continued by T. B. Shoaff and L. A. G. Shoaff, sons of James Shoaff, until 1880. It is now owned by J. D. and F. L. Shoaff. Democratic. Republican, January, i877-i88i(?): Established by J. M. Prior. In 1879 owned and edited by J. M. Sheets. Later joined with Prairie Beacon and Valley Blade as Re-publican Beacon. Dis- continued. Edgar County Times, 1874: Established by Philip Shutt, later edited by Frank Shutt; then Jacquith and Garner in 1884, when it was semi-weekly. Democratic. Sold to Gazette. Edgar County Reporter, 1879 : Monthly. Discontinued. PARK RIDGE, COOK COUNTY Normal Herald, 1875-1876: S. W. Davis was editor and pub- lisher. Educational. "The only weekly in America devoted to phonetics and short-hand writing." PAXTON, FORD COUNTY 275 PAWPAW, LEE COUNTY News, 1874-1879: W. H. Haskell was editor and publisher in 1875-1879. Printed at the oflSce of the Amboy Journal. U Herald, November 23, i877-(after 1895): Established by R. H. Ruggles of Mendota. Mr. Ruggles was proprietor and editor. He was succeeded as editor by E. G. Cass and J. B. Gardner, in January, 1878. W. M. Geddes became editor in February, 1878, and bought the paper of Mr. Ruggles shortly after. He was stUl editor and proprietor in 1882. In 1884 San- ford and Lane were editors and publishers; C. A. Morris in 1891 and 1895. Republican. Discontinued. Lee County Times, March 21, 1878 to date: Established by E. G. Cass and J. B. Gardner. Mr. Gardner retired in August 1878. In 1881 Mr. Cass was still sole editor. Upon the death of Cass, M. L. Goodyear succeeded him and later was succeeded by O. W. Briggs; he by E. G. Davis; and he by Ed. F. Guffin in February, 1905. Republican. PAXTON, FORD COUNTY Ford County Union, 1864-1865+ : Established in 1864. Bought in 1865 by N. E. Stevens, who changed the name to Record, + 1865 to date : Established and stUl published and edited by N. E. Stevens.' A daily edition was established September, 1897. Republican in politics. Files in the ofl5ce. Record ai&o publishes an edition known as Loda Times, for Loda, Iroquois county ; C. E. Healy, local editor. Ford County Liberal, August, 1872-1874 : Established by Charles D. Sibley. Thomas Wolfe bought it in November. Wolfe and Dodd were editors and publishers in 1874. Bumea out in Oct- ober, 1874. Liberal and Greenback. Ford County Blade, July-December, 1876: A Democratic paper started by Creed and Doxsey. Ford County News, November, 1877-January, 1878+ : A Repub- lican paper started by Holmes and Colvin. Standard, January, -[-1878-1879: Edited and published by Holmes and Colvin. Considered a continuation of the News, but was Greenback in politics. Appeal, November, 1879 to date: A paper established with Thomas Wolfe as editor and B. F. Hill publisher. J. C. Dunham bought it in 1880 and changed the name in 1881 to Eastern Illinois Reg- ister. J. W. Dunnan became editor and publisher in 1900. At first Greenback, Dunham made it Independent-Democratic. 1 N E. Stevens has been active as a newspaper editor for fifty-seven years. Since the death of B. F. Shaw of the Dixon Telegraph, Mr. Stevens has the longest record of service of all Illinois editors. 276 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Real Estate Bulletin, 1870-1871 : An advertising sheet issued by Kinnear and Earl for nearly two years. PAYSON, ADAMS COUNTY County News, June, 1875-1895 : Founded by William D. Perry to aid the county fair. Continued as a monthly newspaper and later (1881) called News and Central Recorder. Discon- tinued in 1895. PECATONICA, WINNEBAGO COUNTY Independent, May, 1859-1860: Edited by J. E. Duncan; con- tinued for a little more than one year. Republican. Copies in the News oflSce. Enterprise, i872-i88o(?): A trade paper edited by Farwell and Pierce. Not mentioned in Ayer for 1881. Copies in the News office. News, 1872 to date: Established by Colby Brothers. Now pub- lished by G. F. Colby. Republican. PEKIN, TAZEWELL COUNTY Tazewell Telegraph, about 1837 : Listed by Peck in his Gazeteer for 1837. Tazewell Reporter, 1840 (?): Established, edited and published by N. S. Trice. Whig. A Illinois Palladium, July, 1842 (?): Edited by Willis G. Barbour ; Published by T. J. Pickett. A Henry Clay organ. F Mirror, i 848-1 854+ : Established by John S. Lawrence, who sold after about two months to John Smith, in October, 1848. He sold to Bernard Bailey in 1850, and with Adam Henderson bought it again in 1851. Smith sold to Merrill C. Young in the fall of 1854; Young consolidated the Mirror and Revielle in the weekly Plaindealer. Whig. AU Reveille, i 850-1 854 -I- : A Democratic paper started by James Shoaff and E. S. Rogers. Sold to J. C. Thompson in 1851; to Merrill C. Young in the winter of 1853-1854. He consolidated it with the Mirror to form the Plaindealer, -I-1854-1856-I- : Published as an Independent paper by Young and Underwood until 1856, when it was bought by Thomas J. Pickett and named S Tazewell Register, -1-1856-1873-1- : Thomas J. Pickett conducted it as an Independent paper with Repubhcan tendencies, until the spring of 1858, when John McDonald bought it and made PEKIN, TAZEWELL COUNTY 277 it Democratic. In 1869 William T. Meades was eoitor and publisher. It was sold to W. T. Dowdall and J. D. Irwin, and became the Times, +1873 to date: Irwin soon became sole owner and in 1881 established the Daily Times. In 1886 the papers became the property of A. W. Rodecker and F. Shurtleff, mider the firm name of Times Publishing Company. They are now Demo- cratic papers under the editorship and ownership of Judge A. W. Rodecker. Der Wachter am Illinois, 1852 : Established by L. Reitzenstine, and continued for six months. , 1854: A German paper established by Koeber and Lohman and sold to a Mr. Lugans. Lived but a short time. Tazewell County Mirror, 1855-1860: A revival of the Mirror conducted by Thomas J. Pickett until i860, when John Smith became its owner, discontinued it, and began the Tazewell County Republican, i 860-1 886: John Smith con- ducted the paper until 1862, when Hezekiah Naylor became the owner. He sold to W. W. Sellers, 1863-1872; after several changes it was bought by Mrs. Inez in 1886 and the Daily Post was established. J. B. Irwin was editor and manager at this time. The paper became the Post-Tribune in 1900 by con- solidation with the Tribune, established in 1895 by Mayron Corey. U Patriot, 1862. Established by Hezekiah Naylor ana O. White. Had a brief existence. Perhaps the date should be 1861. See Virginia, Cass County Independent. Freie Presse, 1867-1868: An auxiliary to a paper in Peoria. It was started by Julius Myer Pefer ; later owned by a Mr. Luntz. Independent, 1870: Established by Theodore Falk; sold to Henry Fuss. A German paper which had a brief existence. Bulletin 1873-1876: Edited and published by William H. Bates. Became a daily in 1876. , U Herald, (?)-i875: Merged with the Republican in 1875 by D. W. Lusk. Freie Presse, June, 1876 to date: The old Freie Presse was resur- rected by John W. Hoffman. After several changes in owner- ship the paper was bought in 1884 by A. Weiss, who stUl owns it (1907). Legal Tender, December, 1877-1879: Issued by B. S. Heath and Company in the interest of the "Greenback Labor" party. Frank M. Castle and James Vogan acquired the property in 2 78 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS July, 1878; Vogan withdrew in December; James and Herbert Whitfield bought it in May, 1879. Later discontinued. PEORIA, PEORIA COUNTY Illinois Champion and Peoria Herald March 10 (22?), 1834- 1836 : A Whig paper founded by Abraham S. Buxton and Henry Wolford. In the first few numbers the paper made a bid for popularity by advocating the removal of the state capital to Peoria. Before April, 1836, it was sold to J. S. Armstrong and Jacob D. Shewalter, who changed the name to A Illinois Champion and Peoria Republican, +1836-1837+: Jerome L. Marsh was employed to edit and conduct the paper. In 1837 it was sold to S. H. Davis, who changed the name to Register and Northwestern Gazetteer, +1837-1842+ : S. H. Davis was editor. Its politics were Whig. Davis sold in 1842 to Samuel and W. Henry Butler, who reduced the name to APHE Register, +1842-1845+ : In 1845 the Butlers sold to Thomas J. Pickett who took H. K. W. Davis as a partner for an unknown time, and changed the name to Monmouth F Weekly Register, + i 845-1 848( ?)+ : Three years later a Mr. Woodcock was a partner of Pickett, and the two issued the Daily Register, + June-August, 1848: It was the first daily paper in Peoria. Democratic Press, February, 20, 1840-1857: Edited by John S. Zieber, 1 840-1 846; Thomas Phillips, 1 846-1 849; Washington Cockle, 1849-1851; Enoch P. Sloan, 1851-1856; Mr. Corn- well for a short time and then George W. Raney until the estab- lishment was destroyed by fire in 1858. From 1853 to 1854 there were a weekly and a tri-weekly issue; from 1854 to 1856, a weekly and a daily issue. Monmouth PAF Gerrymander, March-fall, 1843: Edited by S. DeWitt Drown. A campaign paper ridiculing the work of the legislature of 1842- 1843 in dividing the State in such a way as to make but one Whig congressional district in seven. American, July, 1 845-1 850: Established and published by James Kirkpatrick. First paper in Illinois to put the name of "Rough and Ready" at the head of its columns. Nineteenth Century, September (?), 1848: Established by J. R. Watson and D. D. Irons as a National Reform paper. After a few months sold to James Kirkpatrick, who merged it vnth American. Champion, 1849-1850: Issued daily by Pickett and Davis. The burning of the office and press ended the life of the paper. PEORIA, PEORIA COUNTY 279 Republican, June i, 1850-1857: A Whig paper established by Thomas J. Pickett. Editors in succession were: Baily and Pickett; Pickett and Waite; Pickett and Samuel L. Coulter. Sold in 1856 to Samuel L. Coulter, and discontinued a year or two afterward. It was at first issued as a weekly, but beginning January 17, 1853, it was issued daily and weekly. Voice of the People, March 4, 1851 (?): Established by Dr. J. W. Hitchcock. F Illinois Banner, February 18, 1852-1858, 1859+ : The first German paper in Peoria ; established by J. Wolf and A. Zotz. Wolf withdrew after four months, and Zotz continued the paper as a weekly, then a tri-weekly, and then a daUy, until January 14, 1858, when he sold to Edward Rummel and a Mr. Kappis. Kappis withdrew after a year, and Rummel changed the paper's name to Deutsche Zeitung. Democratic. The Banner was revived for a short time in 1859 by William Geilhausen. SF Deutsche Zeitung, +1859-1878: The paper became Republican under Rummel, who conducted it alone until the close of the war, when Captain Fresenius bought an interest. In 1869 Rummel became secretary of state and sold his interest to Fresenius, who sold on January i, 1871, to Rudolph Eichenburger. He con- tinued it until November 9, 1878, when he sold to the Demokrat. U Daily Morning News, May 26, 1852-1857+: Established by George W. Raney in opposition to the Democratic Press, and fought Douglas. In 1858 Raney bought the equipment of the defunct Press and, discontinuing the News, began the PF Democratic Union, +1857-1862: This paper, under George W. Raney, was the leading Democratic organ until September, 1862, when upon Raney's going to war, its publication ceased. Daily. PAF Memento, August, 1854-1861, 1867-1870: A monthly publication devoted to literature and Odd- Fellowship. William Rounseville was editor and N. C. Nason publisher. It was discontinued in 1861, revived by Nason in April, 1867, and finally discontinued in May, 1870. C Transcript, December 17, 1855-1898-I- : The first number of the weekly Transcript appeared January i, 1856. Edited at first by William Rounseville and published by Rounseville and N. C. Nason. Soon it was transferred to Caleb Whittemore and Sanford Moon. After a short time it was bought by James G. Merrill, who sold in the fall of 1859 to Nathan C. Geer. Roun- seville had remained editor up to this time, and had supported 28o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Democracy. Geer assumed editorship and changed the politics of the paper to Republican. He sold in i860 to Enoch Emery and A. Andrews. In 1865 Emery bought out Andrews and was sole owner until 1869, when it was transferred to the Peoria Tran- script Company. Emery was editor from i860 until the end of 1880, and made the Transcript one of the most influential polit- ical papers of the state. Through 1880 the paper was conducted by Emery and R. H. Whiting; Whiting was succeeded at the close of the year by Alexander Stone, who remained manager until 1892. In that period the paper was edited successively by Welker Given, William Hoyne, E. P. Brooks, William S. Brackett and R. M. Hanna. In March, 1893, a new Transcript company was organized ; I. N. Garver was made manager, and Thomas R. Weddell editor. In 1898 the paper was merged in the Herald (established 1889), which has since that time been called Herald Transcript. Daily. Files (daily), 1857-December, 1898 (weekly), February, i858-I)ecember, 1892, in the Peoria Public Library. EPAVF Illinois Teacher, 1856-1873-t- : A monthly established as the organ of the Illinois Teachers' Association, with Charles E. Hovey as editor and N. C. Nason as publisher. Newton Bateman was editor in 1858. At the close of that year the publi- cation became independent of the association. It was published by Hill and Nason until i860, and by Nason alone until 1873, when the publication was sold to the Schoolmaster, Normal, and a new name, Illinois Schoolmaster, resulted. SCHU Christian Sentinel, i 856-1 858: A monthly magazine devoted to the interests of the "Christian" Church; issued by O. A. Bur- gess, J. N. Carman, and John Lindsey. It was in its third vol- ume when first published in Peoria, and was continued in Eureka after 1858. Fillmore Union, September 8-November, 1856: A campaign paper edited by a committee. F Demokrat, August 18, i860 to date: Established and edited by Alois Zotz, 1860-1864 ; Bernard Cremer, and Christian Pohlmann for a short time, then Bernard Cremer alone, October 24, 1864, to date. Published by B. Cremer and Brothers since January, 1874. Files at the office. German daily. P Morning Mail, : Established by George W. Raney. Files in the Peoria Public Library, January, 1863- June, 1864. This paper was succeeded by P Star, and Post, both short-lived adventures of George W. Raney, the exact dates of which are not known. PEORIA, PEORIA COUNTY 281 National Democrat, September, i86s-i886(?) : Daily and weekly. W. T. Dowdall, editor and publisher. PHU Temperance Magazine, July, 1867 (?): Edited and pub- lished by Boyle and Franks. Monthly. S Advertiser, March, 1 871-187 8+ : An advertising sheet published by Elderkin and Bissell and distributed gratuitously. In 1873 Elderkin and Chapman; in October, 1873, Chapman was suc- ceeded by Harry Reynolds, the paper was enlarged and a sub- scription price charged. Reynolds retired in 1875. In 1878 the name was changed to Sun, -f October, 1878-after 1880: In January, 1880, R. E. Laurer entered the firm and the Sun Publishing Company was organ- ized. Evening Review, i873-i884(?): Established by Sheldon and Baldwin. Bought by Thomas Cratty, who associated with him Leslie Robinson. In January, 1873, DowdaU of the Democrat and Enoch Emery of the Transcript bought the paper. But the staff changed printing offices and with Robert J. Burdette as editor, continued the paper until June, when Dowdall bought it again and continued it. Afterward discontinued. P Western Scientific Journal, i874-i876(?): Edited and pub- lished by L. O. Wilson and Mr. Morris. Monthly, UE Saturday Evening Call, April, i877-i886(?): Established by R. Henderson and Company (S. R. Henderson, J. D. Weaver, J. W. Clifton), editors and publishers in 1879. A "family" paper. Discontinued. Evening Journal, December i, 1877 to date: Established by E. F. Baldwin and Jacob B. Barnes. Edited by E. F. Baldwin until 1885. It then became the property of a stock company composed of Baldwin, Barnes, M. N. Snider and Charles Powell ; after a short time after some changes Barnes became chief owner, and was editor until about 1890. In 1900 the paper was bought by James P. Dawson, and Charles Carroll became editor. In 1905 Henry M. Pindell was owner and Robert P. Hanna editor. Independent Democratic. C Pharmaceutical News, July, 1878 ( ?) : Established by J. T. Skinner, who was succeeded by Dr. H. Steele. Sonntags-Zeitung, i878-i88o(?): Edited in 1879 by Adolph Zwanzig. Evidently short-lived, as it was not mentioned in Ayer in 1881. Sonne, April 17, 1879 to date; Established byL. P. Wolf, William J. Brus, and Joseph Wolfram. The Sunday edition, begun in 282 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 1880, is called Sonntags-Glocke. In i886 L. P. Wolf became editor and publisher, and has so continued. German daily and weekly Illinois Tradesman and Manufacturer, 1879-1881 : Con- ducted by John A. Monger. PEOTONE, WILL COUNTY Eagle, 1877-1888 : An advertising sheet mentioned in Ayer for 1881. Established by James Barnhart. Files in possession of Mr. Barnhart. PERRY, PIKE COUNTY Paragraph, i878-i88o(?): H. C. Cobb was editor and publisher. Short-lived. PERU, LA SALLE COUNTY Ninawa Gazette, May 16, 1840-1841 : Established by Allen N. Ford and edited by G. W. Holley. A Harrison paper. Moved to Lacon. A Beacon Light, afterwards the Junction Beacon, 1 846-1 848: Estab- lished by Nash and EUiott, published by Mead, Higgins and Boyle and 'ater by T. W. Mead. F Telegraph, 1848-1853 -|- : Published by Holbrook and Underbill. Freesoil. In 1853 it was sold to J. F. and N. Linton and the name changed to F Chronicle, -I-1853-1856: For ten months of the life of the Chron- icle, Messrs. Linton published a daily. Ottawa Democrat, i85o-(?) : Edited by Thomas W. Welch. Rattlesnake, 1855-!-: Founded by Guy Hulett. Changed to La Salle County Sentinel, -f-i855-after 1858: A Democratic paper published by J. L. McCormick and Guy Hulett; after- ward by J. F. Meginness. Faithfully supported Douglas. F Commercial and Volksfreund (German), i858-(?): Herald, 1858-1884-I- : Published by H. S. Beebe, 1858-1860. F. M. Sapp purchased it in i860, in 1861 the materials of the defunct German paper, and in 1863 the materials of the collapsed Chron- icle. Mr. Sapp was sole editor, 1863-1870; Gallagher and Wil- liams, 1870-1876; W. B. Tapley, editor, Spencer Ellsworth, publisher, 1 876-1 884. News, 1879-1884-I- : Established as a semi-weekly by H. S. Corwin. In 1884 he bought the Herald and combined the two as Twin City News-Herald. A daily edition was started in 1886 called PINCKNEYVILLE, PERRY COUNTY 283 News-Herald, and the Twin City News-Herald was made a weekly. W. B. Tapley was editor of the combined papers. In 1891 H. S. Corwin was editor. PETERSBURG, MENARD COUNTY Express, 1854-1855+ : Edited by S. B. Dugger. Changed to Menard Index, +1855-1863: Edited by H. L. Clay, 1855-1858; Hamilton and Brooks, 1858-1863. At first neutral as to politics, then friendly to Douglas, but finally became Republican, which greatly enraged the citizens. SAF Fillmore Bugle, 1856 : A campaign paper edited by William Glenn. Menard County Axis, 1859-1867+: Democratic in politics; edited by C. Clay, 1859-1867. He sold it to a joint stock com- pany and its name was changed to Democrat, +1867- to date: Edited by M. B. Friend, 1867-1871; E. T. McElwain, 1871-1877; A. E. Mick (with S. S. Knoles as associate editor, 1878), 1877 (?). In 1907 Wilkinson and Oustott were editors and publishers. Menard Republican, i868-i874( ?) : J. T. McNeely was editor and publisher; Bennett and Zane, 1872; W. S. Bennett, 1873; Bennett and Bryant, 1874. It had evidently suspended by 1875, as it was not mentioned in Rowell of that date. Menard County Times, i873-i877(?) : Established by John Frank. In 1 876 Frank and Parks became editors and publishers ; Francis M. Taylor was editor and proprietor in 1877. S Observer, 1876 to date: Established by Cain and Parks, editors and publishers; A. N. Curry, 1882; W. R. Parks, 1884+. In- dependent; Greenback in 1880. In 1905 it was classified as Republican, with L. F. Watson as editor. Republican, i879-(after 1880) : Martin and Davis were editors and publishers in 1880. PHILO, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY Herald, (?): Listed in RoweU for 1869 as edited and published by Harper and Lane. This is one of John S. Harper's numer- ous ephemeral publications. It is not remembered by any old inhabitants of the village. Printed at the office of the Homer Journal. PINCKNEYVILLE, PERRY COUNTY Perry County Times, i856-(?) : Edited by William Ewing. Perry County Banner, 1869-1871 : Edited and published by John A. Wall and D. B. Van Syckel. Independent. In 1870 Van Syckel's interest was purchased by E. H. Lemon, Esquire. 284 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Lemon made it Republican. In 187 1 W. K. Murphy and John Boyd were editors. In four months it was sold to Messrs. Kim- ball and Taylor who removed the office to DuQuoin. (See Du- Quoin Republican.) Independent, 1875-1878+: John A. Wall was editor and pro- prietor. In 1878 the office passed into the hands of C. E. H. Willoughby, who changed the name to U Perry County Democrat, -f- 1878 to date : It passed from C. E. H. Willoughby to J. J. Sargeant and Thomas K. Willoughby. In 1880 Sargeant bought out Willoughby 's interest. In 1881 pub- lication was suspended. In a month the office was purchased by W. A. Penny. J. J. Penny, a brother, became a partner, and took editorial charge. It was sold to Roy Alden in 1892, and to Orah E. Meyer in 1903. In 1906 Joseph E. Bray was editor, and on March i, 1907, T. L. Baxter became publisher. He con- tinues so at the present time. Perry County seems to have been dropped from the tide at some time after 1881. Perry County Signal, 1878-1880: Established by John A. Wall and L. D. Murphy. In 1879 Wall withdrew, and after a short time the paper was suspended. Republican. PIPER CITY, FORD COUNTY Advertiser, 1876 to date: A Republican paper edited and pub- lished by Henry AUnut. PITTSFIELD, PIKE COUNTY Sucker and Farmers' Record, June i, 1 842-1 846: Edited by M. J. Noyes and I. B. Price. Whig. Issued weekly. Suc- ceeded by A Pike County Free Press, April 13, 1846-1858-!- : Edited first by Z. N. Gar butt, then by Z. N. Garbutt and M. H. Abbott; later by John G. Nicolay and Mr. Parks; afterward by Mr. Nicolay alone; in 1857 by J. W. and F. M. Cunningham. Whig; under Garbutt was against aU secret societies; under John G. Nicolay it was one of the papers to endorse the call to anti- Nebraska editors that brought about the organizing of the Republican party in Illinois. It was issued at Pittsfield and Griggsville. Became the UAF Pike County Journal, 1858-1863-I- : Edited by D. B. Bush, Jr. Mr. Bush sold to Robert McKee. In 1863 Messrs. McKee and William A. Grimshaw named it Old Flag, +1863 to date: Edited by Robert H. Creswell, pub- lished by James CresweU, 1871-1873; James Gallagher was editor, Creswell and Gallagher, publishers, 1874-1879. James PLANO, KENDALL COUNTY 285 Gallagher and Son were publishers in 1882 ; Turner Brothers, 1884-1891. Name changed to Pike County Republican in 1894. Burr H. Swan is editor and publisher at present. Republican. Pike County Sentinel, 1845-1849+ : Edited by T. J. Trumbull, supported by G. W. Smith. Democratic. In 1849 John S. Roberts purchased it and changed it to Pike County Union, +1849-1857+ : Roberts was editor, 1849- 1851 ; M. H. Abbott, 1851-1857. A file in the Library of Con- gress, May 2, 1 85 5- June 9, 1856, shows that the Pike County Union was printed at Griggsville during that period and dated for GriggsvUle and Pittsfield. Abbott changed it to A Pike County Democrat, +1857 to date: Edited by Brown and Frazier; Frazier and McGinnis; Robert F. Frazier. In 1865 it became the property of J. M. Bush, whose sons, W. C. Bush and J. M. Bush, became owners, editors and publishers in January, 1904. The senior J. M. Bush is a brother of D. B. Bush of the Journal. Democratic. Files in the ofl&ce. E PLAINFIELD, WILL COUNTY Watch Tower, 1875 : A "family newspaper" edited and published by Mary A. Tounshendeau. It was discontinued when the Echo was established. Files owned by G. W. Flagg, Plaiafield. Echo, 1876-1877: Established as a "family newspaper" by H. A. Tounshendeau. In was absorbed in 1877 by the Joliet confed- eration of Phoenixes. In its place Tounshendeau established Apex, 1877: H. A. Tounshendeau was editor. Independent. Phoenix, 1877: J. H. Ferriss was editor; McDonald, Ferriss and Company publishers. Devoted to farmers' interests. PLANO, KENDALL COUNTY True Latter Day Saints' Herald, i86o-(after 1881) : An organ of the Latter Day Saints. It was edited in 1869 by Joseph Smith and Henry A. Stebbins, and published by the Board of Publication of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Semi-monthly. S Mirror, i864-(after 1884): A Republican paper edited in 1869, and in 1879, by John R. Marshall; E. J. Bennett, 1882; E. I. Bennett, editor, J. R. Marshall, proprietor, 1884. Printed at the oflSce of the Yorkville Kendall County Record. Zion's Hope, i869-(after 1881) : Another organ of the Latter Day Saints, with the same editors and publishers, in 1869, as of Saints' Herald. Semi-monthly. News, 1872 to date : Established by R. M. and Collie D. M. Springer, editors and publishers. J. M. Marley, editor, 1880; Marley 286 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS and Cook, 1882; F. E. Marley, 1884. By 1881 the name had been changed to Kendall County News. Edited and published in 1907 by George S. Faxon. PLYMOUTH, HANCOCK COUNTY Locomotive, 1857-1858: Published by a company and at first edited by Thomas Gregg. A. W. Hahn was editor in 1858. F Dollar Monthly, May, 1873-January, 1876+ : Conducted by Thomas Gregg. Changed to Rural Messenger, + January, 1876-April, 1877: Edited and published by Thomas Gregg. A sixteen page paper "devoted to literary and rural affairs." Advocate, January, 1877-April, 1879: Conducted by E. A. Hall until August, 1878, when he sold to W. A. Post and Jesse W. Bell, Jr. Post as editor, was succeeded by W. S. Hendricks. Phonograph, June, i879-(after 1882): Begun as a Democratic paper by Charles N. Bassett. Changed to a neutral. POLO, OGLE COUNTY Sentinel, October-December, 1856: A Democratic paper* started by F. O. Austin and continued for about three months. No copy known to be in existence. Champion of Freedom, January, 1857 : Established by John Mar- cellus Perkins. Only a few numbers were issued. J. W. Clin- ton owns copies of one or two. The paper was probably printed at the office of the Sentinel or the Transcript. Transcript, June, 1857-April, 1858: Edited by Charles Meigs, Jr., for a joint stock company composed of Zenas Aplington, W. W. Burns, L. W. Warren, Lemuel Newton Barber, and S. C. Treat. In May, 1858, the material was purchased by Henry R. Boss, proprietor of the Advertiser. F Ogle County Banner, April 14, 1858-1860: A Democratic paper issued by R. P. Redfield for a joint stock company. In 1859 Mr. Redfield purchased the office, enlarged the paper and passed it over to J. M. Williams, who passed it to George D. Reed. Redfield, WUliams, J. H. More, and George D. Reed were editors for short periods. J. W. Clinton of Polo has a few copies. Advertiser, May 6, 1858-1863+ : Established by Henry R. Boss, using the material of the Transcript. Boss sold in December, i860, to Morton D. Swift. He and J. D. Dopf merged in this paper the Mt. Morris Press. Dopf withdrew in March, 1861 and Swift enlisted in April, whereupon the paper passed to J. D. Campbell and James W. Carpenter, lawyers, who issued the PONTIAC, LIVINGSTON COUNTY 287 paper when they could get printers. Carpenter died in 1862. Swift returned in 1863, and he and Campbell changed the name to Polo Press, + March, 1 863-1 866+ : Campbell and Swift con- ducted the paper until February, 1865, when Daniel Scott and M. V. Satzman bought it. Scott soon gave way to Swift. August I, 1865, John W. Clinton bought the paper, and in 1866 changed the name to Ogle County Press, + 1866-igoi : J. W. Clinton was editor publisher and owner until July 1, 1901, when he sold to A. T. Cowan, who changed the name to Tri-County Press and has con- tinued its publication. Mr. Clinton has iiles of the Advertiser and the Press. Free Democrat, i860: Edited by a Mr. Johnson through the cam- paign. The Church, 1868-1870: Edited by Dr. J. C. Allahan. Devoted to the fighting of church organizations. It was published "as often as God furnished the means," but it was not published very often. Advertiser, 1869-1870: An advertising sheet issued by J. W. Clinton. Poultry Argus, 1874-1877 : Established by Drs. C. H. Kenegy and M. L. WoLEf; Dr. Wolff retired in five months. In six months Dr. Kenegy sold out to D. D. L. Miller and J. W. Clin- ton, who continued publication under the firm name of Miller and Clinton until 1876, when J. W. Clinton became publisher, D. L. MiUer still acting as editor. It was first printed in Free- port, but later in the office of the Ogle County Press, until 1877, when it was sold and removed from the state. Christian Radical, 1875-1882: A semi-monthly publication of the United Brethren in Christ; organ of the Rock River Con- ference. Continued six and one-half years. Rev. Parker Hur- less was editor. U Advertiser, 1877 : Mentioned in Rowell for 1879 with George W. McAtee as editor and publisher. PONTIAC, LIVINGSTON COUNTY LxviNGSTON County News, i855-i857(?) : Edited by J. S. France; Mr. France passed its publication to Philip Cook and M. A. Renoe ; Cook soon sold to Mr. Jones ; Renoe and Jones soon sold to Mr. Albee and shortly its publication ceased. Early copies are in the possession of Jacob Streamer, Pontiac. It was Republican in politics. F 288 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sentinel, 1857 to date: Edited by Cook and Gagan, 185 7-1 863. They sold it to M. E. Collins, he to Stout and Decker, they to W. F. Denslow, he to- James Stout. It was destroyed by fire in 1866. In 1869 Mr. Stout sold to Jones and Renoe, who were publishing the Free Press. They consolidated the papers under the name of Sentinel and Press. H. C. Jones was pro- prietor, 1873-1875, and he changed the name back to Sentinel. F. L. Alles edited it, 1875-1884; Lowry and Clark, 1884-1895; H. J. Clark, 1895-1897. C. C. Strawn was editor in 1907. Republican. UEF Feee Press, 1867 (?) : A Republican paper edited in 1869 by H. C. Jones and A. W. Kellogg, and published by Jones and Renoe. Not mentioned in 1879. Livingston County Democrat, i 868-1 87 i(?): A Democratic paper edited in 1869 by Wittan and Organ; by T. H. Organ, 1870-1871. Free Trader, 1870-1907: A Greenback paper edited by E. M. Johnson and published by Johnson and staff in 1879. At some time between 1882 and 1884 it became Free Trader and Observer. In 1907 it was edited and published by Johnson and Renoe. In the same year it was sold to C. R. Bruer and discontinued. Ford's Livingston County Democrat, 1878 ( ?) : Edited and published in 1879 by J. G. Ford. • It seems to have disap- peared before 1881. Herald, 1870: A short-lived Republican paper issued by J. H. Hewitt. PORT BYRON, ROCK ISLAND COUNTY Times, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenney's American Newspaper Directory for i86i.' Weekly, 1877: Published by H. L. Barter. Independent. PRAIRIE CITY, Mcdonough county Chronicle, 1857-1858: Edited and published by R. W. Seaton. F Prairie Chief, 1858-few weeks: Edited by R. W. Seaton, who ■published it in the interest of the Good Templars. Gazette, 1869 (?): Established by Cheesebro and Harsh- berger. Monthly. Herald, 1869 to date : Established by Charles W. Taylor and edited and published by him to 1881. This is practically the same Herald which is published in Prairie City at present under that name. It was called the Bugle for two years, 1881 to 1883, and then changed back to Herald. Files, 1869 to 1879, and 1883 to 1908 are in the possession of L. M. Hamilton. PRINCETON, BUREAU COUNTY 289 PRINCETON, BUREAU COUNTY Bureau Advocate, 1847-1851+ : Published by Ebenezer Higgins until 1848. The editorial page was divided into three depart- ments — two columns each — and was Whig, Democrat, and Liberty in the respective departments. The first department was caJled "Whig Advocate," and was edited by a "Whig Com- mittee"; the second was "Democratic Advocate," and was edited by a "Democratic Committee," and the third was "Lib- erty Advocate," and was edited by a "Liberty Committee." In 1847 the Advocate quoted an editorial from the New York Post "furiously lashing" protection and banks. John H. Bryant was a brother of William Cullen Bryant of the Post. In August, 1848, it became a Free Soil organ. In the same year B. F. Ham- mond and T. W. Welsh bought out Mr. Higgins, and John H. Bryant became editor. It soon changed to the hands of Bryant and Dean. In 185 1 the name was changed to the F Post, -1-1851 (?)+: Firm name was Co^-.tes; Kinney, and B. Clark Lundy. Editors: Hooper Warren for a short time ini85i; Justin H. Olds, 1851-1854; Charles Faxon, 1854-1858. . Republican. For a time, after 1854, the name was changed to F Princetonian, -I (?)-i858-l- : It was renamed in 1858 Bureau County Republican, -[-1858 to date: Published by Rhue and Hewitt and later by Bryant and Hewitt to 1861, during which time it was edited by John H. Bryant. Mr. Bryant had sole charge, 1861-1863; John W. Bailey, 1863-1872; Mr. Bailey and L. J. Colton, 1872-1874; Mr. Bailey and Charles P. Bascom, 1874 to 1886; J. W. Bailey and son, H. U. Bailey, 1886-1903; H. U. Bailey, 1903 to date. Bryant was a brother of WiUiam Cullen Bryant of the New York Evening Post, and shared his distinguished brother's views against slavery and a protective tariff. There is a complete file of the Republican with the present publishers. F Bureau County Herald, 1848: Established by Philip Payne as a Democratic organ. Short-lived. Yeoman of the Prairie Land, i8si-(?): Conducted by Dr. S. AUen Paddock. Bureau County Democrat, i 856-1 863-)- : Edited by C. N. Pine, 1856-1858; Eckles and Kyles, with Eckles as editor, 1858; • Eckles and Gibbons, 1858; W. H. Messenkop (with a short in- termission in which C. J. Peckham controlled it), 1858-1863. Changed to Bureau County Patriot, -I- 1863-1871 + : A Democr'*''^ ^.u,^^^ run by C. L. and J. Smith. Changed to 290 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Bureau County Herald, +1871-1876: Run by C. N. Whitney. Sold at sheriff's sale, 1876. Bureau County Tribune, 1872 to date: Established by W. H. Messenkop, who published it in support of Horace Greeley, until December, when he sold it to Smith and Winship. In July, 1873, Mr. Winship sold to E. K. Mercer, and Smith and Mercer published the paper until October, 1875, when Smith sold his interest to E. F. Doran; he sold in 1876 to C. L. Smith. Mercer and Smith edited and published the Tribune until 1881, when Smith retired. The paper is still conducted by E. K. Mercer. Bound files to 1881 in Bureau county Court House; since i88i in the office. Repertory, i 874-1 876: W. G. Reeve was editor and publisher. Monthly. PRINCEVILLE, PEORIA COUNTY Citizen, 1868: Established by G. T. Gillman, and continued six months. According to Rowell for 1869, J. W. Wolfe and H. Casson, Jr., were editors and publishers in 1869, when the paper was printed at the ofl&ce of the Chillicothe Citizen. Times, July-December, 1874: Established by C. A. Pratt and con- tinued four months. Independent, March 10, 1877 to date: Of this paper and its suc- cessor, Telephone, the editorial genealogy is: J. E. Knapp, March-September, 1877; I. E. Corbett, then Corbett and H. E. Charles, October, 1877-1878 ; Corbett and P. C. Hull, October 1878-1879 ; J. E. Charles, publisher, P. C. Hull editor, October, 1879 (?); J. S. Bamum, B. J. Beardsley, Beardsley Brothers, Addison A. Dart, Harry D. Fast, and K. C. Andrews, Addison A. Dart. PROPHETSTOWN, WHITESIDE COUNTY Spike, i 87 i ( ?) : A. D. Hill was editor and publisher, 1 87 i-i 873 ; A. D. Hill editor, Hill and Wilson publishers, 1874; A. D. Hill, 1875-1877; C. G, Glenn, 1880-1882; A. D. Hill, 1884; Mrs. S. M. Green, editor, H. P. and S. M. Green publishers, 1891 ; A. B. Case editor. Case and Ellison publishers, 1895. Repub- lican, then neutral, then Republican. QUINCY, ADAMS COUNTY Illinois Bounty Land Register, April 17, i83s-i839-f : Estab- lished by C. M. Woods and Company. Afterward edited by Richard M. Young. Changed to AH Argus, -f- 1839-1841 -1- : Edited by John H. Pettit. Changed to A QUINCY, ADAMS COUNTY 291 Herald, +1841 to date: In 1851 P. Cleveland and Company were proprietors. Brooks and Cadogan were publishers in 1862; J. W. Singleton and Austin Brooks in 1863. Austin Brooks was editor in 1869, and J. P. Cadogan, publisher. Cad- ogan and Gardner were publishers, 1875-1880. Daily and tri- weekly editions since 1849. Democratic in politics. Volume 4 was called Herald: Adams, Brown and Schuyler County Advertiser. As late as 1850 the name was Herald and Argus. SAPHUF Whig, May 5, 1838 to date: It was established with N. Bushnell and A. Johnston as editors and H. V. Sullivan as publisher. From August 18, 1838, to 1852, S. M. Bardett was editor with Mr. Sullivan stiU publisher. It was edited by John F. Morton, 1852 , and conducted under the firm name of Morton and Sullivan, 1852-1854; Morton and Young, 1854-1855; Morton, Ralston, and Company, 1855-1857. In 1858 the Quincy Repub- lican was merged in the Whig, and the title became, and remained for several years, Whig Republican; the paper was then run by Mr. Morton and F. A. Dallam, the former proprietor of the Republican. In the fall of 1859 Mr. Morton became sole pro- prietor, and in the spring of i860 he sold to James J. Langdon, who was connected with it until 1868, when it passed into the hands of BaDhache and Phillips with Paul Selby as editor, 1868- 1869; John Tillson, 1869-1871. In 1871 Mr. Selby became editor again. Several changes occurred after this as to pro- prietors and editors until 1878, when C. A. and D. F. Wilcox became owners and publishers. In 1879 the firm name was Daniel Wilcox and Sons. From October 23, 1845, to April t6; 1846, the paper was issued tri- weekly. The first number of the daily appeared March 22, 1852, since which date there have been a daily and a weekly issue. It was a Whig organ until 1856, when it took an active part in forming, and became a representative of the Republican organization. There is a complete file in the Whigo&ce. --' APDSEF Old Statesman, July 4-November, 1840: A Harrison campaign paper. A Beobachter, i845(?) : Moved to Quincy from Belleville by Bartholomew Hauck. It was succeeded by Stern des Westens, April 10, 1846-December, 1848: Conducted by Bartholomew Hauck, who returned to Belleville in 1848 to establish the Zeitung. Daily Morning Courier, September 12, 1845 (?)= "In no way connected with politics." R. B. Wallace and George F. Wiehr were editors and proprietors. H 292 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Tribune and Free Soil Banner, September 13, 1848 (?): A campaign paper advocating "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men"; disclaiming affiliation with Whigs, Democrats, or Abolitionists, and supporting Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams. It was edited by an association consisting of Samuel Willard, Thomas Pope, Timothy Rogers, Allen Comstock, Lucius Kingman, and Charles B. Lawrence, and issued from the office of C. M. Woods. WocHENBLATT, January, 1850-1853+: Owned and edited by George Linz. German. Democratic. Changed to Illinois Courier, +1853-1 861: Conducted by George Linz until he entered the army at the beginning of the war. German, with Whig symydthies. Daily Journal, i85i(?) (?): A Democratic paper that was being published in 1851 by P. Cleveland and Company of the Herald. Tribune, 1852-1874+ : Gustav Adolph Rosier was editor, 1852- 1855 ; Edward C. Winter ana William H. Pieper, 1855-1857. Pieper withdrew in 1857, and in 1858 Ernst Schierenberg acquired an interest and became editor. For a year after Rosler's death in 1855, the paper was known as the Quincy Journal, but was again changed back to Tribune. In 186 1 Karl Rotteck bought the paper and, continuing the weekly as Tribune, changed the daily to Union. In 1865 Rotteck sold to Karl Petri, who in turn sold, December, 1866, to T. M. Rogers. In 1869, under Mr. Rogers as publisher, Tribune was a daily, issu- ing a wei,kly edition under the name of Rural West and Weekly .Journal. In 1870, Louis Korth was editor. Rogers sold in the spring of 1874 to C. H. Henrici. In November, 1874, the Tribune was consolidated with Westliche Presse to form Ger- mania. German daily and weekly published by a stock com- pany which was organized in 1852, to publish a Whig paper. It became Republican in 1856. F Journal, 1855 (?) : For one or two years, under Edward C. Winter and William H. Pieper the Tribune was published under this name. Union, 1861-1865 : The daily edition of the Tribune was published under this name while Karl Rotteck was proprietor. Rural West and Weekly Journal, i869(?): A weekly edition of the Tribune, which was daily in 1869. Republican, January, 1857-1858: Published by F. A. DaUam. Daily. Joined to the Illinois Courier (see above). QUINCY, ADAMS COUNTY 293 Daily Democrat, September, 1858 (?): Edited by W. H. Car- lin; published by Geiger, Gardner and White. Democratic in politics. Daily Skirmisher, October, 1864: A daily published for a short time in the interest of the western Illinois Sanitary Fair. H Demokrat, i86s( ?) + (?): Established by George Linz upon his return from the war, and Robert Voeth. Later they changed the name to Volksblatt, +i866(?) (?): Which was suspended after a year or two. Erz-Drdide, 1 866-1 880+ : OfiScial organ of the United Ancient Order of Druids. Karl Petri was editor. He sold in 1880 to Henry Freudenthal, of Albany, New York. Monthly. L Church Reporter, 1867 to date (1869): In 1869 E. P. Balshe was editor and proprietor. Monthly. Evening Journal, 1867-1870: T. M. Rogers, proprietor and manager. He and A. H. Lacy were editors in 1870. Inde- pendent in politics. Continued about four years. Western Agriculturist, 1868-1889+: Established at Quincy. Edited and published by T. Butterworth until 1889, when an incorporated company, Western Agriculturist Company, became publishers. Changed to Western Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, September, 1889. Later it was dated from Quincy and Chicago, and it is still published from both places. T. Butterworth is still editor. January, 1901, tide changed to Live Stock Journal, with main oflSce in Chicago. Monthly; later, weekly. CUH Evening Call, 1870-1875: Thomas J. Heirs, John Russell, an S. D. Rich, were editors at various times. Good Templar's Message, 1871-1874+ : J. K. Van Doom, was editor, Good Templar Printing Company, publishers. A tem- perance paper issued at irregular intervals. Moved to Bloom- ington. Commercial Review, 1872 to date (1882) : Established by Addison L. Langdon, who was stiU editor and publisher in 1882. Busi- ness and social. Independent in politics. U Gospel Echo and Christian, 1872-1873: A religious paper. J. H. Garrison was managing editor and publisher. After two years removed to St. Louis. Westliche Presse, August ii-November 7, 18744- : German. Published by a stock company with Karl Petri as business man- ager. United with the Tribune, November, 1874, to form the 294 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Tagblatt der Germania, + November 9, 1874 to date: Consoli- dation of Westliche Presse and Tribune. Published. by Ger- mania Publishing Company. Edited by George C. Hoffman, 1874-January, 1888; by Henry Bornman, January, 1888, to date. Denied having party afEliation, but supported Cleveland in 1884. German, daily and weekly. Druidic Record, 1876: Edited and published by the Druids Publishing Company. Monthly. News, 1877 to date (1884): News Company, editors and pub- lishers. John L. Frost was editor and publisher in 1884. Daily. Independent. H Enterprise, 1878 to date: Established by H. H. Reckmeyer, who is the present editor and proprietor. Complete files are at the Public Library since its establishment in Quincy. P Post, 1879 to date (1882) : W. A. Post was editor and publisher. Greenback. Modern Argo, March, 1879 (?): Moved to Quincy in 1879 from Columbus, Ohio ; published by A. H. Dooley ; George N. Loomis, 1882; Aten and Musselman, 1884. Not political. Times, ( ?) : Established ay Austin Brooks after he left the Herald. After a year or two removed to Hannibal and soon discontinued. Ledger, (?) (?): Published by D. G. Williams as an advertising medium. Morning News, ( ?) ( ?) : Co-operative publication by GriflSn Frost, Henry Wilson, John Shield, and James H. Wallin. Continued one month. RANSOM, LA SALLE COUNTY Times, 1875-1882 : The Minonk Blade was printing in 1881 an edition for Ransom under this name. Republican. RANTOUL, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY News, 1874- June, 1878-I- : Established and edited by Gray Brothers. After four months it was sold to Messrs. Bullock, Cross and Gifford. Issued in interests of the Havana, Rantoul and Eastern Railroad. In five months Messrs. Bullock and Cross purchased Gifford's share, and in 1875 Bullock became sole proprietor. Republican. In June, 1878, it was consolidated with the Journal, 1875-1878-1- : H. W. Gulick was proprietor, F. E. Pinker- ton, editor. Represented views of those opposed to Havana, Rantoul and Eastern Railroad. In 1878 consolidated with the JVews to form the U RED BUD, RANDOLPH COUNTY 295 Rantoulian, +1878-1880+ : H. E. Bullock and F. E. Pinkerton, editors and proprietors. In 1880 Pinkerton secured Bullock's interest and changed the name of the paper to Press, + 1880 to date : In 1893 O. L. Downey, who had bought half of Pinkerton's interest, leased the other half and continued pub- lishing the paper under his name for one year, when Pinkerton again took control. In 1895 he sold to F. and R. Cross and C. B. E. Pinkerton. In 1900 Messrs. J. C. Weir and Fred Collison purchased the paper, and in the fall of 1901 J. L. Hardesty of Bloomington purchased a one-third interest and became manager. In January 1906, R. L. Conn purchased Hardesty's interest and remained as editor and manager until January, 1907, when he sold to A. O. McDowell. The present publishers are Weir and McDowell. Republican. Files destroyed by fire in 1901. RARITAN, HENDERSON COUNTY Bulletin, 1876-1884: Established by Burner and Butler and was published by them until 1881, when it was sold to Bonham and McCormick. The latter sold his interest to F. M. Bonham in 1882. The plant was removed in August, 1884. Democratic. News, ( ?) : Published irregularly for about two years by J. S. Nevins. Republican. Mecnophone, 1879: Published by W. L. Henderson for about three months. Republican. RAYMOND, MONTGOMERY COUNTY Reporter, 1877 : Established by T. M. Smedley as a semi-monthly. Continued about six months. "Devoted to poetry, light liter- ature, general and home news." RED BUD, RANDOLPH COUNTY Egyptian, 1868: Established by John and William Brickey, in charge of Peter W. Baker. Short-lived. , 1868: A German paper, established by John and William Brickey, and in charge of Anton Helmich. Short-lived. Courier, 1872 : Established by Albert L. Krepps; died after three months. Courier, 1876: Edited by Dejoumette and Brewer. Democratic. Suspended after sixteen numbers. Courier, 1877 to date: Edited and published by Everett H. Elliff. Democratic. In 1879 the office was leased to H. C. Hinckley for one year. In five months Mr. Elliff purchased the lease from Mr. Hinckley and moved the office to Columbia, Monroe county. The same day Mr. Hinckley bought the Review office and con- 296 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS tinued to publish the Courier until 1882. He then sold to Miss T. A. McDonough and her brother, T. J. McDonough, became editor. McDonough sold to John H. Lindsey, who leased to Sprigg and Lindsey. They turned the ofiSce over to William Armour in 1885, and he to Charles D. Wassell, who changed the name to Torpedo. After total destruction by cyclone, several changes in ownership, and a change of name to Democrat, and back to Courier, E. G. Matlack sold in 1899 to Guy Seeley. Seeley died in March, 1909, and the office was sold to Young and Parrott. Review, 1879: Established by William H. Toy. After a few months he closed the office and soon afterward sold to Mr. Hinckley as stated above. RICHMOND, CLARK COUNTY Index, 1879-to date (1882): Established by G. L. Watson. After two years sold to M. R. Bain, who changed its name to the Pantagraph. In 1881 it was bought by S. W. Zeller, then by his son, J. R. Zeller, who renamed it the Visitor. Later sold to Charles May, who was conducting it in 1882. RICHMOND, McHENRY COUNTY Gazette, 1876 to date: Started by B. B. Begun. In a few months George S. Utter became editor. July, 1876, Mr. Begun died. In 1879, S. F. Bennett and G. S. Utter were editors, G. S. Utter, publisher. The same year Mr. John E. Nethercut, of Rockford, purchased the paper. Holmes and Wright were editors and publishers in 1891-1895. Republican. RICHVIEW, WASHINGTON COUNTY Phoenix, 1856-1858: Edited by M. L. McCord, who in 1858 re- moved his establishment to Centralia and published Rural Press. Moudy's Democrat, 1871-1872 : Established by J. D. Moudy, and published by him until his death in 1872. Democratic. RIVERSIDE, COOK COUNTY Gazette, May, i87i-(?): Conducted by Enos and Company. A suburban paper, published on the first Saturday of each month. RIVERTON, SANGAMON COUNTY Gazette, 1874 (?): Riverton Printing and Publishing Com- pany were editors and publishers; J. W. Hunt was business manager. News, 1877 : John J. Smith was editor and publisher. Indepen- dent. ROCHELLE, OGLE COUNTY 297 ROANOKE, WOODFORD COUNTY News, 1875 to date (1881) : In 1879 M. L. Mock was editor and publisher. Issued from the office of the Minonk Blade. ROBERTS, FORD COUNTY Advocate, 1874-1875: Edited and published by Thomas J. Hors- ley. ROBINSON, CRAWFORD COUNTY Gazette, 1857-1858 : Established and edited by George W. Harper. Favored the Douglas wing of the Demociatic party and was the first political paper issued in the county. Discontinued after six months. File lost by fire. Crawford County Bulletin, July, 1860-1862: Established as a Democratic paper, edited by Horace P. Mumford. When the war broke out the paper strongly advocated the prosecution of the war for the preservation of the Union. Mumford went to war, leaving the paper in charge of his brother, W. D. Mumford, and N. T. Adams. The paper was discontinued in 1862. It was revived later for about six months by Charles Whaley. Monitor, 1862: Published for about six months by E. Logan. Independent. Constitution, October, 1863 to date (1903): John Talbot bought the Bulletin equipment and conducted the Constitution as a Democratic paper. He was editor, except for a short time, till 1872, when his sons, Richard and Percy Talbot, assumed charge; Richard Talbot and Price, 1 880-1 885 ; J. H. Fulton, 1885-1887 ; Fulton and Hiser, 1887-1892; Price and Cole, 1892-1895; J. S. Abbott, 1895-1903; F. W. Lewis, 1903 (?). Democratic. H Argus, December, 1863 to date: Established by George W. Harper, who has been in control ever since, except for a brief interruption . Republican . Crawford Democrat, May (?), 1879: Ira Lutes conducted the Democrat for about six months (one year?), when he moved the equipment to Kansas. ROCHELLE, OGLE COUNTY Register, 1863 to date: From 1863 until about 1889 Elbridge L. Otis was editor and publisher; H. C. Paddock till 189 1 ; G. W. Dicus, 1891-May, 1907; E. I. Neff, May, 1907 to date. Re- publican. U Independent, 1872: Edward E. Richie was editor and. publisher. 298 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS National Greenbacker, 1878 to date (1879) : Norman RapaJee was editor and publisher. Discontinued after a few years. Telephone, 1879 to date (1881) : John M. King was editor and publisher. Greenback. Discontinued after a short time. ROCK FALLS, WHITESIDE COUNTY Progress, 1870-1877: Established by Messrs. W. H. Cadwell and W. H. Tutde. Republican. U Whiteside Times, 1876-1878: Moved from Morrison by A. J. Booth and Company. Previously the Morrison Times (which see). ROCKFORD, WINNEBAGO COUNTY Rock River Express, May, 1840-1841 : The iirst newspaper published in the county. Edited by B. J. Gray. Its pur- pose was to promote the election of William Henry Harrison to the presidency. Its ambition satisfied, the paper was discon- tinued after an existence of one year, and the office moved away. PE Star, Autumn of 1 840-1 841 : A Democratic paper established by Philander Knappen. The office was destroyed by a mob be- cause the editor denounced the lynching of the Driscolls in Ogle county. P Pilot, July, 1841-October, 1842: Edited by John A. Brown. Democratic. Died from the want of support. Better Covenant, January 6, 1 842-1 843 -t- : Published by Rev. Seth Barnes and William Rounseville. Printed at the office of the Pilot. Moved to St. Charles, then to Chicago, where it was first published by Charles Stedman and edited by Mr. Barnes. Now the Universalist, Chicago. Winnebago Forum, February, 1843-February, 1844-I- : Established by J. Ambrose Wight, who sold in August, 1843, to Austin Col- ton. At the beginning of the second volume Mr. Colton changed the paper to Forum, -f February, 1844-December, 1854+ : Mr. Colton sold in December, 1854, to E. W. Blaisdell, Jr. The paper was changed to APH Republican, -|- January, 1855-1862-I- : Edited by E. W. Blaisdell, Jr., 1855; Elija O. W. and Richard P. Blaisdell, 1855-1862. In 1862 it was merged into the PF Register, February, 1855- January, 1891-I-: Established by Elias C. Daugherty as an opponent to the spread of slavery. June, July and August, 1859, there was a daUy issue. June, 1865, the ROCKFORD, WINNEBAGO COUNTY 299 Register absorbed the Rock River Democrat (which see). Mr. Daugherty retired and the paper passed into the hands of the Rockford Register Company, with Isaiah S. Hyatt and E. H. Griggs as principal and associate editors. Mr. Hyatt was fol- lowed, June, 1866, by E. C. Daugherty, editor to February, 1867. Abraham E. and WUliam E. Smith became associated with Mr. Griggs in managing the Register. Upon their retirement, June, 1867, Mr. Griggs became editor and manager. He was still editor in 1869. In October, 1871, S. M. Daugherty, widow of the founder of the paper, became the owner and P. S. Martin, business manager. January, 1863, George E. Wright and Com- pany began the Daily Register. He was followed by Charles J. Woodbury and Company. February, 1874, the daily was dis- continued. In January, 1896, Mr. Wright was editor-in-chief. July, 1877, N. D. Wright and C. L. Miller were managing the paper. October, 1877, Messrs. Wright and Miller revived the Daily Register. In 1881 E. M. Botsford purchased an interest. W. P. Lamb subsequently became a partner. The firm of Mil- ler, Botsford and Company continued in the management to January, i8gi, when Edgar E. Bartlett, W. L. Eaton, and Eu- gene McSweeney purchased the Daily Register and Daily Ga- zette and consdiidsited them as the Register-Gazette, January, 1891 to date (1904). Bartiett, Eaton and McSweeney, 1891-1898; Bartlett and Eaton, 1898-1901 ; Bartlett, 1901; Bartlett. and A. S. Leckie, autumn of 1901. Mr. Leckie was editor. Bartlett and Fred E. Sterling, 1903 to date. APEF Free Press, September, 1 848-1 850: A free-soil Democratic paper, edited by Henry W. DePuy. P Rock River Democrat, June, 1852-1865: Editors: Benjamin Holt; Mr. Holt and David T. Dickson; Mr. Dickson and Rhen- odyne A. Bird from 1855 to May, 1864. Isaiah S. Hyatt then purchased the paper and published it to June, 1865, when the plant was sold to the Register Company. (See Register.) F Spirit Advocate, April, 1854-March, 1856: Issued monthly. Advocated the doctrines of the Spiritualists. Managed by Dr. George HaskeU. Consolidated with the Orient with head- quarters at Waukegan. P Cudgel, January, 1857 (?): It bore this legend on its title- page: "Published somewhere, circulated everywhere, edited nowhere." Published semi-monthly for seven numbers. Wesleyan Seminary Reporter, October, 185 7- January, 1858: Published by Rev. W. F. Stewart in the interest of the proposed Wesleyan Seminary. Monthly. Only four numbers. 300 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Democratic Standard, October, 1858-1860; Established by Springsteen and Parks, in support of Douglas Democracy. After one month, Henry Parks published the paper alone to February 1859, when David G. Croly became proprietor. In May, 1859, Croly and John H. Grove, as D. G. Croly and Company, became proprietors and publishers. After April, i860, upon Mr. Croly's retiring, John H. Grove and James S. Ticknor published the paper for a few months, then sold to James E. and Joseph H. Fox (Fox, Rowe and Company?), who established the Daily News. (See second paper of this name below.) Daily News, February, 1859-April, i860: Founded by D. G. Croly and Company. Mrs. Croly was " Jenny June " and one of the editors. The paper was neutral. Suspended for want of pat- ronage. Daily News, December. 1860-1861 : Established by James E. and Joseph Fox (Fox, Rowe and Company). (See Democratic Standard) Republican. After a few weeks the publishers started the Weekly News, 1861 : Messrs. Fox discontinued this paper Sep- tember, 1861, and sold to E. C. Daugherty. Rock River Mirror, September, 1859 to after 1861 : Established by Allen Gibson. Later proprietors were Allen Gibson and E. » D. Marsh. Weekly until 1861, when it began to appear only as a monthly. Devoted to insurance matters. Neutral in politics. Printed at the oflSce of the Register. Western Mirror, 1861 to date (1869) : In 1869, Allen Gibson was editor and publisher. Neutral. Probably a continuation of the Roch River Mirror. Crescent Age, 1859: Dr. George Haskell and H. P. Kimball were editors. Spiritualistic. Short-lived. Sandebudet, July, 1862-November, 1864-I- : A Swedish Methodist paper established by Victor Wittig; after a year and a half he was succeeded as editor by Albert Ericson, who continued until November, 1864, when the paper was removed to Chicago. People's Press, July, i86s-September, 1866: Established by W. P. Furey. From May to September, 1866, a stock company continued the publication which was then suspended for want of patronage. Gazette, November, 1866-January, 1891 -|- : Founded by I. S. Hyatt as, an advertising sheet. April, 1867, Benjamin Foltz, became editor. August, 1867, Abraham E. and William E. Smith be- came proprietors. They were still so in 1879. In 1878 a semi- weekly edition, and August, 1879, a daily edition were started. ROCKFORD, WINNEBAGO COUNTY 301 In 1882 Mr. Smith admitted Colonel F. A. Eastman as a partner. In 1883 Colonel Eastman retired and Mr. Smith continued as sole proprietor to January, 1891, when the paper was merged into the Register-Gazette. Winnebago Chief, November, 1866-July, 1867 : Edited and owned by J. P. Irvine. In July, 1867, Hiram E. Enoch was admitted as a partner and the paper changed to Winnebago County CniEr, July, 1867-1868+ : In 1868, Irvine and Enoch were editors and publishers. Republican. Changed to Journal, +i868-March, 1888: Mr. Irvine retired, and Mr. Enoch was sole proprietor to December, 1882; Foote and Kimball, December, 1882-March, 1883 ; D. Miller and Company, March, 1883-March, 1886. Hon. J. Stanley Browne, was owner, August, 1887-March, 1888. Independent-Democratic. Sold to Rockford Morning Star. Words for Jesus, October, 1867 to date (1869) : Thomas J. and Hugh Lamont were editors and publishers. Religious monthly. Golden Censer, May, 1868- April, 1898: Founded by John Lem- ley. November, 1877, the paper passed into the hands of a stock company. Under this management the circulation is said to have reached 18,000, the largest ever attained to by a Rockford paper. By August, 1896, the circulation was reduced to barely 2,000 and the paper was indefinitely suspended. Calvert Brothers revived the Censer March, 1897, with Charles A. Church as editor. April to June, 1898, C. A. Church was sole proprietor. Sold to Ram's Horn, Chicago, June, 1898. Semi- monthly in the beginning, later weekly. EU Daily Journal, August, 1870: Started by Lumley and Carpenter. Lived two days. Andrus' Illustrated Monthly, January, 1872-September, 1873 : Established by D. A. K. and W. D. E. Andrus. Nya Sverige, March, 1872 (?): Established by A. W. Schalin. Swedish. Short-lived. Methodist Free Press, September, 1872- January, 1875: Estab- lished by John Lemley. Rockford Seminary Magazine, January, 1873-1891 + : Caroline A. Potter was the first editor; later, the senior class edited the maga- zine. When the seminary was raised to the rank of college, 1891, the paper became the Rockford Collegian. Publication discon- tinued in 1895. Curiosity Hunter, September, 1873- July, 1874: Issued by D. A. K. Andrus until July, 1874. In 1876 it was revived at 302 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Belvidere and continued at least until November, 1877. Monthly. File, September, October, December, 187 2- July, 1874; October, 1876-March, 1877; April-September, Novem- ber, 1877, in Western Reserve Hist. Soc, Cleveland, Ohio. Stamp News, 1873 : One number issued by D. A. K. Andrus. Nowadays, January, 1874: One number, issued by E. C. Chandler. Industrial Times, February, 1874+ : W. F. Barrows, editor. The name was changed in a few months to P Hornet, +1874+ : The second volume began under the name of P Times, -l-i87S-February, 1876: John R. Coursen and Fred Dayton, proprietors. In August, 1875, Mr. Coursen sold to Louis A. Manlove. P Daily News, January, 1878-October, 1880: Issued by D. A. K. Andrus, George W. Sherer, and F. O. Bennett. In June, 1878, the Daily News published a sensational account of a communist attack upon the government. When it was learned that the story had no foundation in fact. Mayor Watson ordered the office closed by the city marshal. After many changes the paper was suspended in October, 1880. Western Banner, 1878 to date (1879) : A temperance organ edited and published by F. Wilson, H. S. WObur, and J. S. Hampton. Printed in the office of the Journal. Sunday Herald, May-December, 1879: Established by E. C. Chandler. Christian Gleaner, (?)-i89i(?): Published a.i the Censer office for some years. It was made up of selections from the Censer, with littie original matter. Absorbed by the Censer about 1891. Monthly. Leaves from Forest Hlll, ( ?) ( ?) : Published for some time during the school year by the young ladies of the Rockford Female Seminary. Farmers' Monthxy, (?) (?): Started by A. E. Smith, and sold to Messrs. Bartlett, Eaton and McSweeney, who pub- lished it for several years. ROCK ISLAND, ROCK ISLAND COUNTY Banner and Stephenson Gazette, August, 1839-October, 1840: Edited by H. McGrere. This was the first paper published in Rock Island county. PE Upper Mississippian,^ October, 1840-December, 1846: Edited by Daniel Crist, 1840-1844; H. G. Reynolds, 1844-1846. PLE 1 See Stephenson. ROCK ISLAND, ROCK ISLAND COUNTY 303 Northwestern Advertiser, November, 1845-1847+: A Whig paper edited and published by Dr. Horatio P. Gotchell and Miles W. Conway. In May, 1846, William Vandener bought the paper. In about a year he sold to Sanders and Davis. They sold after a few months to Francis R. Bennett, who changed the name to P Advertiser, +1847-1858: Edited by F. R. Bennett alone until 1851, when A. J. Brackett became publisher and associate editor. Thomas R. Raymond bought the paper in the fall of 1853. Raymond retired September 13, 1854, and Wharton was editor and publisher until the spring of 1858, when the paper was dis- continued. A tri-weekly was begun on December 3, 1853, and a daily on September 13, 1855. PF Liberty Banner, May, i846-(?) : An Abolition paper for which a prospectus was issued in Western Citizen for April 29, 1846. It was to be edited by C. B. Waite. Republican, October, 1 851 -December, 1855: Edited by F. C. Nichols, 1851-1852; J. B. Danforth, 1852-1855. PE Argus, 1851 to date: Established by J. B. Danforth. Danforth and Shurly were publishers in 1857. In 1869, J. B. Danforth, Jr., was editor, and Danforth and Jones were publishers. In 1879 the Argus Printing Company were editors and publishers. In 1907 J. W. Potter and Company were editors and publish- ers. Democratic in politics. A daily was begun in 1854. PUF Rock Islander, September 19, 1854-September 16, 1857+ : A Democratic paper established by E. J. Pershing. H. C. Con- nelly became joint editor and publisher on February 18, 1855. The paper was united with the Argus on September 6, 1857 and for a time the publication was called Islander and Argus. PF AuGUSTANA, 1856 to date: Swedish, Lutheran. Established at Galesburg, Illinois, by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist, who was editor until 1889. In 1890 Rev. E. Norelius was editor; Rev. S. P. A. Lindahl and A. Rodell, 1891 to 1898; S. P. A. Lindahl and J. C. Bengston, 1900 to 1907. It was published by the Swedish Lutheran Publishing Company of Galesburg in 1856; Swedish Lutheran Press Association, Chicago, 1858 to 1873 ; Augustana Book Concern, Rock Island, 1909. The present editors are Rev. L. G. Abrahamson, D.D., and Rev. M. J. England, D.D. Complete file with Augustana Book Concern and in the histor- ical collection at Augustana College. Beobachter am Mississippi, 1857: Established by Magnus Mueller; edited by a poet-physician, Francesco Ciolino (Cio- lina?). It was suspended after one year's existence. German. 304 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Daily Commercial, July 5, 1858-February 3, 1859: Edited and published by C. W. Kirkland. Republican. P Register, 1859-1862+: The editors were T. J. Pickett and C. W. Kirkland; M. S. Barnes and Mr. Kirkland; Messrs. Pickett and Barnes ; Mr. Pickett and Alexander Lamertine. Issued tri- weekly. It was joined with the Moline Independent in 1862 to form the P Union, +1862 to date: In 1869 L. M. Havenstick was editor and publisher. In 1879 the Union Printing Company were editors and publishers and were stUl so in 1907. The paper is Republi- can, and has been both daily and weekly since its formation by the union of the Register and the Moline Independent. Files are in the office: daily July 5, 1855 to date; weekly, November 5, 1862-December 20, 1866. PU Die Chronik des Westens, January, 1860-1863: Founded by Adam and George Lieberknecht. After several months Adam sold his interest to his brother George. The latter for a short time had Mr. Adam Schaaf as partner. The pub- lication was suspended in the summer of 1863. German. Neue Volks-Zeitung, August, 1875 to date: Established as a semi- weekly by Carl Winter, who conducted it to March, 1882. George S. Lechner bought the paper, March, 1882, and sold it in a few months to F. Protar, who published it to April, 1893. Rock Island-Moline Volks-Zeitung Publishing Company, April, 1893-July, 1897; John P. Kieffer, July, 1897-July, 1899: Gus- tav Donald, July, 1899-July, 1901 ; Val. J. Peter, July, 1901- 1907. The Volks-Zeitung is dated also for Moline. Since April, 1909, the Volks-Zeitung is published by the Volks-Zeitung Pub- lishing Company. P. A. Domaun is editor and manager. U Skol-Vannen, 1 878-1 880 or 1883 : Published and edited by C. A. Swensson and J. H. Randall, in the interest of Augustana Col- lege. It was issued at irregular intervals. File in the histori- cal collection at Augustana College. Ungdoms-Vannen, 1879-1889: Published by the Augustana Tract Society, 1879, and by the Augustana Book Concern in 1884. In 1887 it was changed to a weekly and its name changed to Hem-Vdnnen. In 1889 the paper was consolidated vnth Augustana. Swedish Lutheran. Monthly. File in the historical collection at Augustana College and in library of Augustana Book Concern. Rock Islander, January 5, i878~December 31, 1892: A Demo- cratic paper edited and published by J. B. Danforth. Only the name connects this paper with the earlier Rock Islander. ROODHOUSE, GREENE COUNTY 305 ROCK RUN Gazette, i87o-i874(?): Dr. G. W. Snyder was editor, and J. Stewart, publisher. Printed at the office of the Lanark Gazette. ROCK SPRING, ST. CLAIR COUNTY Pioneer of the Valley of the Mississippi, April 25, 1829-June, 1836+ : Established by John Mason Peck and T. P. Green to promote the Baptist cause in Illinois and Missouri and to benefit the Rock Spring Seminary. T. P. Green was publisher at the beginning, and J. M. Peck was editor. After about six months Green retired, and in June, 1830, Ashford Smith became pub- lisher. The title seems to have been changed in 183 1 to Pioneer and Western Baptist. The publication was removed to Alton in June, 1836, and called Western Pioneer and Baptist Standard Bearer. (See Alton.) AHME Western Watchman, 1836: A paper said to have been published at this place by John Mason Peck and later removed to St. Louis. Improbable. ROCKTON, WINNEBAGO COUNTY Gazette, May 27, 1857-1858 (1859?): Established by Funk and Phelps. Mr. Funk retired and the paper was continued about one year by H. W. Phelps and wife. The office was moved away. F Herald, 1875 to date: Established by W. D. Mathews, who in 1876 sold to E. L. Carr, editor and publisher untU after 1895. In 1907, C. J. Eddy. Republican. ROCKWELL, LA SALLE COUNTY News, i86i( ?) : Listed, without details, in Kenny's American News- paper Directory for 1861. Western Evangelist, i86i(?): Same listing as News. ROODHOUSE, GREENE COUNTY Signal, i 871-1876 : Edited by Henry Johnson, published by Charles Johnson. (Simply a reprint of the White Hall Register with the above title.) Headlight, i872-i874(?) : Published by George B. Price and Son. Lived about two years. Reprint of Carrollton Gazette. Independent, 1875: Established by W. T. Lakin. Only a few numbers were published when he moved the press to White Hall, where he published the Greene County Democrat. The Inde- pendent was continued for a time, printed at White Hall and edited by James Smith. 3o6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Review, 1877 to date (1881): An Independent paper established by W. T. Mclver, seventeen years old, who was editor and pub- lisher. In the second number appeared the name of Duncan C. Mclver, father of W. T. Mclver, who took the editorial work. In 1879 W. T. Mclver withdrew; his father ran the paper alone until 1880, when he sold it to Frank M. Palmer. In nine months Mr. Palmer sold to John S. Harper, who changed the name to Eagle. After six months he sold the paper to Hiram H. Palmer, who changed it to Journal, a Democratic paper. In 1882 Mr. Palmer sold a half interest to W. J. Roberts, who in 1884 be- came sole propeietor. He removed the material to White Hall and consolidated it with White Hall Register. Ayer, 1881, states of the Review that it "prints editions under the names of Eagle and Harper's Herald." Harper's Herald, 1878: Established by John S. Harper. After six months Mr. Harper sold to WUliam H. Pogue and Morris R. Locke, who removed the material to Jerseyville and started the Examiner. Democratic. ROSEVILLE, WARREN COUNTY Gazette, 1876 to date (1881) : Ayer, 1881, lists a paper of the same date and politics under the name Gazette and Paper. G. G. McCosh was editor and publisher. Neutral. Times, 1876 to date (1881): A family paper. It was later united with the Citizen, the two becoming the Independent paper, Times-Citizen. This paper was published in 1907 by the Rose- ville Printing and Publishing Company. Wilson's Weekly, 1877 : Published by Wilson Brothers. Neutral. ROSSVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTY Observer, i873-i877(?): Established by J. H. Moore, who was editor and publisher throughout the paper's existence. It existed about four years. Independent Greenback. TJ Enterprise, 1875 or 1876-October, 1877+ : Established by John C. Cromer. Its advent had something to do with the discon- tinuance of the Observer. The Enterprise was moved to Homer, Champaign county, in October, 1877, and in 1907 was being published there by J. B. Martin. Press, 1879 to date: Established by F. J. Pastor, who ran it until after 1891. Perry M. Warner, 1895. In 1907 Bert E. Pinker- ton was editor and publisher. Independent-Republican. RUSHVILLE, SCHUYLER COUNTY Journal and Military Tract Advertiser, May, 1835-1836-I- : Published by G. W. Davis and R. W. Renfroe; edited by Abra- RUSHVTLLE, SCHUYLER COUNTY 307 ham Marshall. It was Independent in politics, favored railroad construction, and contained much Texas news. Within a year Mr. Davis retired, the paper passed into the hands of R. W. Ren- froe, and the name was changed to Journal, +i836-May, 1837+ : Neutral in politics. July 30, 1836, the Journal was sold to Adam (Adams?) Dunlap. May, 1837, Benjamin V. Teel purchased the paper and changed the name to Schuyler Advocate, +May 27, 1837-February, 1838+ : Edited by J. B. Fulks. Changed to Test, + February-December 6, 1838: T. Lyle Dickey was editor and R. A. Glenn publisher. Published for eight months, with several interruptions (twenty-nine numbers in all). Whig m politics. H Illinois Republican, December 14, 1839-April 9, 1840+ : A. R. Sparks, the editor, continued the publication four months. He then sold to James L. Anderson, who changed the name to AH Political Examiner, + April 9, 1840-October i, 1843+ : Edited by James L. Anderson. Changed to Whig, + October, 1 843-1 844: When Henry Clay was defeated as candidate for president, the Whig suspended publication. Prairie Telegraph, July 3, 1848-May 24, 1856: Edited by Ben- jamin F. Scripps, published by Richard R. Randall, to Novem- ber, 1849; Rev. John Scripps and son, J. Corrie Scripps, No- vember, 1849-1856. On May 24, 1856, the paper was sold to a stock company and changed to F Times, -f-May 24, 1856 to date: Published by a stock company of Democrats. DeWitt C. Johnston, editor. May, i8s6-February, 1858: Addrew J. Ashton, February, 1858-May, i860. A. D. Davis, the next editor, was followed in three years by J. C. Fox; E. A. Snively, 1866-July, 1868. At the latter date the paper was sold at sheriff's sale to Edwin Dyson, who assumed charge, and is still editor and publisher. The paper is Democratic. Bound volumes of the Times for 1856-1858, and since 1868 are in the oflSce. E Schuyler County Democrat, April 20, 1854- July 6, 1856: Organized by Democrats of the county and edited by Daniel E. H. Johnson. Published in 1855 as Democrat and Brown County Advertiser. Sold to George Washington Scripps in 1856, who used the material to publish a new paper, the Schuyler Citizen, July 6, 1856 to date: Edited by G. W. Scripps. It was an Independent paper until 1858, when it espoused the cause of Lincoln in his historic senatorial campaign. Mr. 3o8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Scripps sold the paper in 1865, but it reverted to him in 1868. April, 1879, the Citizen passed into the hands of W. I. Larash, editor and proprietor until December i, 1908, when he sold to Robbins Brothers. The Daily Citizen was started June, 1895. The daily is non-partisan, the weekly, Republican. Bound vol- umes for 1856, 1857, 1858 owned by John S. Bagby, Rushville. U Record, ( ? ) ( ? ) : A paper run by a Mr. Swan- before 1872. RUTLAND, LA SALLE COUNTY Home Journal, 1865 to date (1879) : A Republican paper printed at the oflSce of the El Paso Journal. Times, 1874-1878 : In 1879 J. H. Brevoort was editor. The paper was being issued from the oflSce of the Minonk Blade. Post, 1878 to date (1881): A Republican paper. C. W. Blandin, editor in 1880. In 1881 it was being issued from the oflSce of the Minonk Blade. ST. ANNE, KANKAKEE COUNTY Granger, 1873-1874: Published by Edward Pazo. ST. CHARLES, KANE COUNTY Patriot, 1841-1842-I- : Edited by John Thomas. Office was burned before the third issue. Another outfit was procured by Ira Minard, and the paper revived under the complex title of St. Charles Patriot, Fox River Advocate and Kane County Herald, -)- About 1 843 -I- : Waite succeeded Thomas and changed the name to Fox River Advocate, -1-1843-1845: Edited by Dr. Daniel D. Waite. In 1845 Waite sold out. The Age, June, 1843 (?) = A Whig paper edited by Robert I. Thomas and published by R. and A. Thomas. AF Prairie Messenger, i 846-1 847 : Edited by Smith and Kelsey, then by Smith and Sears. It passed into the hands of Messrs. Wil- son and Cockraft and was merged with the Western Mercury, Geneva. W Better Covenant, +i842-i843-f : Edited by Rev. Seth Barnes, assisted by Rev. William RounsevHle. Established at Rockford; soon moved to Chicago ; now the Universalist. H People's Platform, i849-F: Established by Isaac Marlett in Aurora; removed to St. Charles in 1849. Democratic. The name was soon changed to Democratic Platform, +1849-1850-!-: S. S. Jones purchased Marlett's interests in 1850, and changed the name to SALEM, MARION COUNTY 309 Kane County Democrat, +1850-1855: Published by S. S. Jones and George C. Hubbard. The number issued on September 25, 1850, is in the Gail Borden Public Library at Elgin, Illinois. In 1855 the oflBce was moved to Elgin, and in the same year to Ba- tavia. F Weekly Argus, +1857 h(?): Begun previously at Batavia ; removed to St. Charles in 1857. Published by Stitt and Mat- teson. Later changed to F St. Charles Argus, H ( ?) - 1861 : Purchased by R. N. Botsford and Ed. Fumald. In 1858 Mr. Botsford became sole owner, and after the November election that year sold out to John J. Moulding and a Mr. Horton. The Argus was finally merged into the Fox River Independent, 1861-1862: Established by John J. Moulding. Observer, 1858: Established by Rev. William RounseviUe. Short- lived. Transcript, 1871-1873+: Established by S. L. Taylor. After four months he sold out to D. W. Tyrrell and Charles Archer; they, in 1873, sold to Frank McMaster and Hiram N. Wheeler; Wheeler was editor. Democratic. Printed at the oflSce of the Geneva Kane County Republican. In the fall of 1873 the name was changed to Northern Granger, +i 873-1 874+: The title indicates the paper's politics. In 1874 the name was changed to Leader, +1874-1878+ : In 1878 it was removed to Elgin and con- tinued as the Elgin Leader. Democratic. Independent, 1874: Established by D. W. Tyrrell. Continued but a few months. Quivering Leaf, 1877 : Published by Rev. D. Matlack. Short- lived. Review, 1878-1880: Established by D. L. Zabriskie and John F. Dewey. Later published by Mr. Dewey alone. It continued nearly two years, when it was sold to the Elgin Advocate, and its publication ceased. ST. ELMO, FAYETTE COUNTY News, 1875 to date (1880?) : Established by Johnson and Ranney; sold to C. M. King. Neutral in politics. Printed at the office of the Altamont Telegram. SALEM, MARION COUNTY Weekly Advocate, 1851-1875+ : A Democratic paper, edited and published by John W. and JohnH. Merritt, until 1856, when it 3IO ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS was sold to H. S. Blanchard and removed to Centralia. In 1858 it was re-established in Salem by Edward L., Joseph D., and J. W. Merritt, with John W. Merritt as editor, and Edward L. Merritt as associate editor. In i860 Richard F. Long became a partner. In 1865 Louis V. Taft bought the paper and became editor and proprietor. In 1875 he changed it to Semi- Weekly Advocate, +1875-1876: Lived but a short time, and was discontinued. U American Eagle, 1852-1853 : Published and edited by Thomas F. Houtz. Whig. Spectator, 1856+ : A Republican campaign paper published by James S. Coulter. It passed into the hands of E. C. Devore, who changed the name to Register, +1856-1858: Edited by E. C. Devore. Sold to Joseph M. Prior who changed the name to Independent, April-December, 1858: Edited by Joseph M. Prior. Marion County Herald, i860: Established by J. M. Prior and F. S. Murphy. Only three numbers were published. Repub- lican. Loyalist, 1864- 1865: Brought from Mason, EflSngham county, in 1864 by George L. Brewster, editor and proprietor. It had con- tinued a little over a year when Brewster died. The oflSce was closed until late in 1865, when W. P. Hartley established the Northwestern Baptist, 1865-1866: Mr. Hartley was assisted by T. Charles Fulks. The paper lasted seven months. Marion County Republican, 1867 (i865?)-i87o: Edited by T. C. Fulks and Peter M. Johns. Fiilks soon retired in five months, when the office passed over to John A. Wall. From him it passed to I. S. Hitchcock, who continued the paper until 1870. Anti-Monopolist, October. 1873: Established by D. D. Moore. Short-lived. Industrial Advocate, 1874-1880-f- : Established by M. G. Beviall vnth Dr. J. W. Cope as editor. Cope left the office and estab- lished the Industrial (which see). BeviaU died soon thereafter and his widow continued the paper untU L. V. Taft assumed charge of it. In 1880 he resigned. Mrs. Beviall published the jjaper for one month and then sold it to Messrs. Merritt and Pyles, publishers and editors of the Herald, who in November, 1880, consolidated the two as Herald- Advocate. This paper is still published, with C. E. Hull as editor, and the Herald Pub- lishing Company as publishers. It has always been Democratic. SANDWICH, DeKALB COUNTY 311 Industrial, 1874-1879+: Established by Dr. J. D. Cope. Sold to C. J. Willmans, who made it Republican. It passed from Willmans to Mr. Evarts, later to W. L. Arnold, when it was moved, in 1879, to Kinmundy. From there, after twenty-six issues, it was moved back to Salem, where Arnold continued it as U Marion County Republican, -|-October, 1879, to date: W. L. Ar- nold was the editor until January, 1881, when W. R. Burton took charge. July, i88i,T. C. Fulks and W. R. Burton purchased the paper of Mr. Arnold. In 1907 J. C. Utterback was editor and publisher. Republican. Marion County Herald, 1876-1880-I- : Established by T. B. Pyles and John H. Merritt. November 19, 1880, Merritt and Pyles purchased the Industrial Advocate and formed the Herald- Advocate, under which name it is still published. A Demo- cratic paper. Weekly Times, December, 1878: Edited and published by J. T. Long and Company. It had a brief existence. SANDOVAL, MARION COUNTY Prairie Farmer, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenny's American Newspaper Directory for 1861. News, 1861 (?): Same listing as Prairie Farmer. SANDWICH, DeKALB COUNTY People's Press, 1857-six months: Edited by W. L. Dempster. Independent on all subjects. F Prairie Home and Advertiser, 1859-short -lived : Edited by Mattison and Higbee. News, i86o(?) : Edited and published by James M. Higbee. Bi- monthly. Gazette, 1865-1889: Established by James M. Higbee, who soon associated James H. Sedgwick with him. Sedgwick sold to James H. Furman in 1866, who became sole proprietor in 1868. He sold to G. H. Robertson in 1874. Changed from weekly to semi-weekly in 1877 ; resumed weekly publication in 1883. Dis- continued in 1889. A Republican paper. U Free Press, 1873 to date : Established by H. F. Bloodgood. C. B. Taylor bought the paper in 1882, and Barnes and Douglas in 1883. It is now (1907) edited and published by Frank D. Low- man. The paper was Independent in 1881; Republican in 1907. U 312 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Argus, 1878 to date: Established by M. B. Castle and Son (John B. Castle), who continued the paper together until the death of the former in 1900. Since that date John B. Castle has continued editor and proprietor. In 1881 the paper was Inde- ' pendent; in 1907, Republican. Complete bound files are in the office of the paper. SAVANNA, CARROLL COUNTY Register, 1853: Published by Charles Allen; edited by Smith D. Atkins (see Freeport). After a few months the owners sold the paper to a Mr. Grattan, who removed the plant elsewhere. F Times, 1875 to date : Established by J. William Mastin, and for ten weeks printed at the office of the Shannon Gazette (which see). The first issue printed in Savanna was that of September 11, at which time the equipment of the Shannon Gazette was moved to Savanna. Simon Greenleaf and Mastin were the publishers until March, 1876, when Greenleaf bought Mastin 's share in the paper and became editor and proprietor. He was stiU so in 1879. In 1895 a daily edition was started, which has continued to date. In 1907 L. W. Eraser was editor; W. W. Gillespie, publisher. The paper has always been Republican. U SAYBROOK, McLEAN COUNTY News, 1872-1873: Established by J. S. Harper. After about one year Mr. Harper went to Farmer City and the News was dis- continued. Banner, December, 1872-1873+ : Established by H. H. Parkinson. With the assistance of O. C. Sabin and Mr. Van Voris, he pub- lished the paper for one year. Then he sold to Mr. Sabin, who changed the name to McLean County Anti-Monopolist, -Fi873-January, 1874: Mr. Sabin made the paper an advocate of the farmers' move- ment. In January, 1874, he removed the paper to Blooming- ton. After continuing its publication for one year, he sold it to Mr. Goff. Herald, October, 1875 to date (1882): An Independent paper, established by T. J. Horsley. He still was editor and publisher in 1879; H. W. Rodman in 1882. Sunbeam, May, 1879 (?): W. H. Schureman was manager; O. C. Sabin, editor. Published under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A. "Its peculiar field was literature and the cause of tem- perance, religion, intelligence and morality." SHANNON, CARROLL COUNTY 313 SCOTTSVILLE, MACOUPIN COUNTY Union, 1874: Lakin and Palmer were editors and publishers. Printed at the office of the Waverly Times. SECOR, WOODFORD COUNTY Home Journal, i879(?) : An edition of the El Paso Journal. In- dependent in politics. SENECA, LA SALLE COUNTY Record, 1878 to date: Established by A. J. Lukins. In March, 1879, the office was burned, and publication suspended for two weeks. In 1880 J. H. and Sam D. Chatterton assumed control. Sam D. Chatterton bought his partner's interest in 1881. In September, 1882, Leacock and Wickham became editors and proprietors. From July, 1883, to October, 1884, Wickham con- ducted the paper alone. George B. Youmans and W. D. Lind- say, October, 1 884-1 885 ; H. E. Wickham, editor for a time in 1885; J. B. Hayes, June-August, 1885; W. D. Lindsay and George B. Youmans, August, 1885 (?) In 1901 the Record was consolidated with the News, which had been established in 1892. As the Record and News, the paper is now edited and published by Terry Simmons. Independent in politics. Later files are owned by Mr. Simmons. SHABBONA, DeKALB COUNTY Express, May, 1876, to date: Established by H. F. Bloodgood and Mr Hunt. In October, 1876, Hunt sold his interest to W. H. Ray. Bloodgood and Ray were editors and publishers to March, 1878. Since that date, W. H. Ray has been sole pro- prietor and editor. In 1879 the paper was printed at the office of the Sandwich Free Press. The Express has always been a Republican paper. Files, except for the first few years, are kept in the office. A part of the edition is printed as the Gazette, Lee (DeKalb county). Record, March-December, 1878: Established by J. M. Bean. It was suspended after an existence of about nine months. SHANNON, CARROLL COUNTY Gazette, 1864-after 1875: Established by John Howlett, still editor and publisher in 1868. In 1870-1874 Jethro Mastin was editor and publisher ; Mastin and Sanford in 1875. Printed at the office of the Lanark Carroll County Gazette. A Republican paper. Express, 1879 to date (1895) : A. W. Erwin was editor and pub- lisher until after 1882; W. B. Bachtelle, 1884; W. H. Barnes, 1891; J. M. Bahm, 1895. At first Republican, Independent after 1891. 314 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS SHAWNEETOWN, GALLATIN COUNTY Shawnee Chief/ October 17-November (?), 1818+ : Established by Henry Eddy and Singleton H. Kimmel. In a short time the name was changed to Illinois Emigrant, + (before December 26, i8i8)-September 18, 1819+ : Published by Eddy and Kimmel and edited by Eddy. This, the second paper in Illinois, was a four-page, four-column sheet, well printed in the early years. In the issue for April 3, 1 81 9, is a criticism of Governor Bond for signing the law estab- lishing a state bank, and for becoming president of it. The last issue was vol. i, no. 54, September 18, 1819. With the next number the name was changed to AE Illinois Gazette, -|- September 25, i8i9-i83o(?) : The paper was continued by Eddy and Kimmel until May 22, 1820, when the partnership was dissolved and James Hall took the place of Kimmel as partner in the publishing, and as editor. This ar- rangement continued until November 16, 1822, when Hall with- drew; with the number for November 23 C. Jones became publisher and Henry Eddy editor and proprietor. Eddy sold a half interest to John Foliart, who became publisher, with Eddy, as John Foliart and Company, on February 11, 1826. They sold October 18, 1828, to Alexander F. Grant, who conducted the paper alone until November 8, then, with Thomas Palmer, as Alex F. Grant and Company until November 20, 1830; then Grant alone became publisher. The last number in the Library of Congress is vol. 10, no. 30, December 18, 1830, and is prob- ably near the end of the paper's career. Under Eddy and Kim- mel the Gazette was alive and fairly vigorous. HaU made it per- haps the best edited paper in the state, with the possible exception of the Edwardsville Spectator. He preserved a neutral position in politics for some time, and at all times kept the columns open to discussion. But after he became familiar with state politics the political tone was vigorous.' Hall gave the paper a very unusual literary tone. Under subsequent editors its qualities deteriorated to insignificance. MSAE Gallatin Democrat and Illinois Advertiser, October-Decem- ber,_i835: Established by McClernand and Stickney. Demo- cratic. McClernand withdrew at the end of the year, and the paper was continued as Danville > The title Shawnee Chief is used here solely on the word of previous writers. In the notice of dissolution of partnership between Eddy and Kimmel, mention is made of debtors to lUinoia Emigrant and Illinois Gazette, but not to Shawnee Chief. I have found no reference to that name in early Missouri or In- diana papers in the Library of Congress. — F. W. S. 2 For further particulars of this paper's editorial policy see the Introduction. SHAWNEE TOWN, GALLATIN COUNTY 315 Illinois Advertiser, + January, 1836-November 4, 1837: Edited and published by William H. Stickney as a radically Democratic paper. Stickney discontinued the paper November 4, 1837, and sold the plant to John S. McCracken, who, after a few weeks, started A Western Voice and Internal Improvesient Journal, December, 1837-1839+ : A Democratic paper that had reached no. 48 on December 29, 1838. Early in 1839 it was changed to A Intelligencer, +1839 i^)' Edited and published by W. H. McCracken and Company. Illinois Republican, February, i84i-i843(?): Edited and pub- lished by Samuel D. Marshall until March 25, 1843, then by H. H. M. Butt and J. W. Connell. Supported McClernand for senator in 1842 against Douglas, Breese, Reynolds, and Yoiing. It was stiU being published in June, 1843. ^^ Illinois State Gazette, i843-i847( ?) : Established by W. D. Lat- shaw and J. S. Roberts. Listed in Illinois Anntuil Register for 1847 as a Democratic paper published by J. S. and E. W. Roberts. (See Jackson Standard, 205.) F Southern Illinois Advocate, i 848-1 849: Edited and published for a few months by L. Jay S. Tumey, a lawyer. The only copy available does not reveal the politics of the paper ; it stood, how- ever, for "universal liberty abroad, and an ocean bound republic at home!!!" U Southern Illinoisan, 185 2-1 860: Started by W. Edwards and Son as a Democratic paper. It supported Bissell, the Republi- can candidate for governor, and Buchanan for president. It revolted at the time of Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska bill. After Buchanan's election it became strongly Republican. Mercury, 1860-1873^: Published and edited by D. W. Lusk as late as 1873. A Republican paper. Gazette, 1871-1875: Established by Joel G. Morgan and con- ducted by him till it was discontinued. At first both daily and weekly, the weekly called Gallatin Gazette; the daily was soon discontinued. Home News, 1873 -I- : Established by Conrad O. Edwards. Changed to Shawnee News, +1873 to date: A Republican paper, edited and published by Riblett and Edwards, then by J. W. Riblett ; John M.Hogg, 1 87 7-1 880 ; Tromly Brothers, 1882; L. F. Tromly, 'The account of Hamilton county papers (p. 300 Goodspeed), says "In December 1870, John Coker purchased the Shawneetown Mercury, and moved the material to McLeansboro to start the Golden Era." 3i6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 1884-1895 + . After 1895 the paper became News-Gleaner. In 1907 the News-Gleaner was being edited and published by A. T. Spivey, and it was still Republican. Shawnee Herald, February 11, 1876-1879: Established by Francis M. Pickett. Jacob Haraing was editor and publisher in 1879; Frank Winterberger in 1880. A Democratic paper. Local Record, December, 1877, to date: A Democratic paper, established and still conducted in 1887 by Conrad O. Edwards. It is listed in Rowell, 1879, as Independent in politics. In Ayer, 1907, it is given as a local paper, edited by Essie and Allie Ed- wards, published by Edwards and Edwards. SHELBYVILLE, SHELBY COUNTY Prairie Flower, 1840-1842: Edited by Joseph C. Duncan and James ShoafiF. It was in the nature of a newspaper and literary magazine combined, published monthly. Issued from the office of the Okaw. Okaw, 1840-1845 : Edited by W. W. Bishop. Its publication was irregular. Shelby Banner, July, 1852-1858+ : It first advocated Democracy, then became Independent. Edited by D. M. Cantrill and William A. Cochran, 1852, for a few months. Cochran was a warm supporter of Franklin Pierce as candidate for president. Can- trill was sole editor after Cochran's withdrawal, until the office was closed in 1853. In 1854 Theophilus Short and Short and Spears conducted the paper for a few months. P. L. Shutt followed them, 1855, and changed the paper from Democratic to Independent. September, 1858, John W. Johnson took pos- session and changed the paper to the F Okaw Patriot, -I-1858-1863: The paper was edited by John W. Johnson, September, 1858-February, i860; Judge Anthony Thornton, February, i860. The Banner (see below) had just been started by P. L. Shutt. Thornton and Shutt consolidated the two papers, under the name of Okaw Democrat +1860-1863-!-: Thornton acted as editor, Shutt as manager. Thornton retired within the year and Shutt con- tinued to 1863. Upon his suspending publication, a joint stock company of Democrats was formed to continue the paper as the Shelby County Leader, + September, 1 863-1 865+: It was started by a joint stock company, managed by W. A. Trower, and edited by H. H. Coolidge, September-December, 1863. In December, 1863, bought by W. A. Trower, and sold to 1865 in Rufus Sumerlin. Democratic. Soon after George R. Wendling bought a half interest, and changed the name to SHELBYVILLE, SHELBY COUNTY 317 Central Illinois Times, +i 866-1 868+ : The editor was George R. Wendling. He sold his half interest ia 1867 to Lloyd B. Stephenson and W. W. Hess; in October, 1867, Dr. E. E. Wag- goner became Sumerlin's partner. In 1868 Rufus Sumerlin assumed sole charge and again named it the Shelby County Leader, +1868 to date: Edited by Rufus Sum- erlin and his three sons, Leon, Dolph, and Eugene. Bought by W. A. Trower in March, 1871. In January, 1873, a half interest was sold to W. B. Marshutz, who sold back to W. A. Trower in 1875. Owned and edited by Vallee Harold in 1895- fall of 1898; George V. Mechler to February, 1890, and from 1890 to date, owned and edited by T. B. Shoaff. Democratic. Banner, i860: Started by P. L. Shutt, and consolidated with the Okaw Patriot (see above). Shelby County Freeman, 1860-1861 : Published by Eli Chittenden in the interest of the Republican party. Discontinued in 1861 and later resurrected as the Shelby County Union, 1863 to date : Established at the suggestion of Judge Samuel W. Moulton and W. J. Henry to espouse the cause of the Union. Edited by J. W. Johnson, 1863-1864; owned by J. W. Johnson and John A. Young, 1864-1865; by Richard Couch in 1865; by Richard Couch and Park T. Martin in 1867; exclusively by Park T. Martin, 1867-1871; jointly by Park T. Martin and Elgin H. Martin, 1871-1872; by Park T., Elgin H., and Horace L. Martin, 1872-1873; by Elgin H. and Horace L. Martin in 1873 ; by Horace L. Martin, 1874 to 1903, who established a daily of the same name in 1887, and had for editors successively, Elgin H. Martin, Harry M. Martin and James Darby. Owned by Hon. Walter C. Headen, William H. Beem, Harry M. Martin, and George B. Rhoads; edited by WiUiam Ritchie, 1903-1905; William Taylor and OrviUe Storm, i9O5-i906( ?). In 1907 Fred A. Richey was editor; Union Publishing Company, publishers. The daily edition is Independ- ent, the weekly Republican. Commercial, 1868 : Published for a short time by J. WiUiam Lloyd and George R. Wendling as a trade paper. Shelby County Independent, 1874-1876: Established by Dr. E. E. Waggoner and J. William Lloyd as an Independent organ, but it was virtually Democratic from the first. Dr. E. E. Wag- goner was sole owner and editor from 1875, and in 1876 changed it to the Democrat, 1876 to date: Edited by Dr. E. E. Waggoner, 1876- 1885; owned by Thomas J. and George R. GraybSl, 1885-1887. In 1887 G. Wilbur Cook entered the firm which was known as 3i8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Graybill Brothers and Company, with George R. Graybill as editor, 1887-1902. Owned since 1902 by G. Wilbur Cook and Isaac S. Storm, and edited by the latter. The Democrat Com- pany are publishers. Apiary, 1878-1880: Owned by E. Homrighous and J. W. Johnson and edited by the latter. A monthly paper on bees and their care and propagation. Greenback Herald, 1879-1884: Established on the material of the Windsor Sentinel. Edited by Tom Stuart and G. W. Cook, 1879-1880, and supported the Greenback party. Edited by Milton A. Bates in 1880; by Charles Reeve later; after him by Elder Linn and later by Mr. Eton. It was variously listed as National Greenback Herald, Greenback Herald, and Herald. Church and Home, 1879-1880+ : A Unitarian weekly owned and edited by Rev. jasper L. Douthit. Name soon changed to Our Best Words, 1880-1892, a weekly Prohibition paper of varying fortunes. It was sold in 1892 to J. S. Barnum, who changed it to the People's Paper. This was edited by J. S. Barnum and Frank K. Pennington as a Populistic organ. It was discontinued in 1894. The same year. Rev. Jasper L. Douthit bought back the name only of Our Best Words from Barnum and Pennington, and continued the paper as a monthly, in the interests of Unitarianism and Prohibition. Jasper L. Douthit is the present owner and editor. Illustrated Baptist, 1879 to date (1881): Phillips and Hughes were editors and publishers. A monthly paper. SHELDON, IROQUOIS COUNTY Courier, March (?), 187 1: Published from a press in Kent- land, Indiana, for a few months, by J. B. Spotswood and E. A. Burns. The Courier was Independent in politics. Enterprise, December, 1874 to date (1880): Established by H. R. Fields and H. L. Henry. After February, 1877, it was imder the management of D. J. Eastburn, who was still editor and proprietor in 1880. The Enterprise was Independent in politics. U Journal, 1879 to date: J. W. Sargent, editor, J. R. Fox, publisher, 1882; J. R. Fox, 1884; J. W. Sargeant, 1891; C. W. Stickney in 1895. In 1881 it was a semi-weekly paper; in 1907, a weekly. W. H. Overhue was editor and publisher in 1907. Republican. SHERIDAN, LA SALLE COUNTY News Letter, 1871-1880: Established by J. L. Seward, and con- ducted by him until 1873. A. V. Whitney became editor and SPARTA, RANDOLPH COUNTY 319 publisher in 1873-1876; C. E. and C. A. Whitney were pub- lishers in 1877. In 1879-1880 A. V. Whitney was editor and publisher. For awhile it had the name of Temperance Union, 1873-1874: Edited and published by A. V. Whitney. SHIPMAN, MACOUPIN COUNTY Progress, December, 1868-September, 1869: Edited and managed by W. E. Milton. True Flag, September, 1874-October, 1875 : Parker and Waldron, editors and proprietors. Independent. Consolidated with the Brighton Advance. SOMONAUK, DeKALB COUNTY Free Press, 1873-1875: H. F. Bloodgood was editor and pub- lisher. Issued from the office of the Sandwich Free Press. Reveille, 1875 to date : C. Abe West was editor and proprietor to 1880; S. D. Newton, 1880-1889; C. B. Phillips, 1889-1892; Charles W. Faltz, editor and publisher to date. An Independent paper. U SOUTH CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY Eagle, 1871 : Established by H. L. Goodall. Printed at the office of the Chicago Sun. SPARLAND, MARSHALL COUNTY Chronicle, 1868 to date (1891) : Established as a neutral paper by Spencer Ellsworth, editor and publisher. In 1879 and to date, a Republican paper. S. M. Tesmer was editor and the Chronicle Publishing Company, publishers, in 1879-1884 -h : Mrs. L. S. Tesmer, editor; Spencer Ellsworth, publisher in 1891. Union, 1870-1871 : Established by William Trench. In the next year it was edited and published by Bell and Wilson, who were printing it at the office of the Lacon Statesman. SPARTA, RANDOLPH COUNTY Columbus Herald, 1839-1840-I- : Edited by James Morrow. Neu- tral as to politics. Changed to Herald, -|- January- June 1840-)- : Edited by J. E. Dietrich. Demo- cratic. Changed to Democrat, 4-1840-1843: Mr. Dietrich was still editor. Favored Van Buren for president. In 1844, the office was leased to O. F. McMillan, who began the U 320 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Randolph County Record, May 28, 1844- June, 1846: Edited by O. F. McMillan. Because of politics it was moved to Chester, where it was published as the Reveille. It supported Polk for the presidency. Prairie Democrat, 1848-1851 + : A campaign paper edited by J. R. Shannon, 1848-1851. It advocated the election of Lewis Cass. In 1851 C. P. Johnson leased the oflSce and changed the name to Independent, +1851-1854: Suspended after the campaign in 1852. Revived by S. A. Armour, who later leased to Parsons Pery. After two years he was succeeded by J. W. Fletcher. Soon afterward the office was removed to Chester. Freeman,^ March 21, 1850+ : Anti-slavery; edited by James N. Coleman. In 1850 he was succeeded by James S. Coulter, who changed the name to F Journal, + 1850-1852 : Edited by J. S. Coulter, who was succeeded, in 1852, by Mrs. Gintileus. Suspended shortly after. Register, February, 1849 (?)■ Established by J. E. Det- rich and J. R. Shannon. Apparently Democratic. F Randolph County Journal, 1856 (?) : Established by J. W. Fletcher^ and H. A. McKelvey; McKelvey was editor. Re- publican. F Star or the West, 1862-18664- : Started by W. J. Armour, in 1866 (1865?) sold to General J. Blackburn Jones, who changed the name to Randolph Plaindealer, -I-1866 to date: Published by Jones imtil 1868 when he sold to Thomas M. Nichol. In 1869 J. D. Watson purchased an interest. In 1870 the paper was sold to Messrs. ICimball and Taylor, who placed Edward Fagin in charge as editor and manager. In 1872 he was succeeded by Fred L. AUes. In 1873 Alles purchased the paper and on the same day sold it to S. L. Taylor. In one month Albert Goddard became associated with Mr. Taylor. He retired in 1874 and was suc- ceeded by W. B. Taylor, who published the paper with his brother, S. Lovejoy Taylor, until 1881, the latter continuing as editor to that date, when they sold to Messrs. George Campbell and Don E. Dietrich. In four months Charles Campbell pur- chased Dietrich's interest, and the Campbell Brothers con- ^ Harris, Negro Servitude in Illinois, 184, says that the Freeman was begun in January, 1850. 2 It seems probable that this paper had been discontinued before i860, for on April 3, of that year Horace Greeley addressed to "Friend Fletcher," then about to start a paper at Sparta, his well-kno'nn letter of advice to a country editor. Perhaps Greeley's advice discouraged Fletcher; at any rate I have not found that he started a paper in i860. — F. W. S. SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY 321 tinued publication. In 1907 S. Love joy Taylor was editor; Taylor Brothers, publishers. A Republican paper throughout its existence. Listed in Rowell, 1879, and in the later directories as Plaindealer. Item, 1878-1879: Printed in the oflSce of the Sparta Plaindealer; edited by E. C. Miner. Monthly. Our Work, 1877: Edited by Rev. Thomas E. Green; published under the auspices of the First Presbyterian Church. SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY Sangamo Spectator, February 21, 1827-1829+ : Edited by Hooper Warren, but owned by Ninian Edwards. He sold to Samuel C. Meredith. Changed to A Journal AND Little Sangamo Gazette, +February 16, 1829-1830: Conducted by S. C. Meredith. Discontinued after a few months. Courier, 1830: Editors, George Forquer and Thomas Ford, later Governor of Illinois. Sangamon Journal, November 10, 1831-1855+: It appeared weekly from November 10, 1831, to June 13, 1848. It appeared first as a daily on Monday, June 13, 1848, and has since been issued both daily and weekly, under the various titles of Sanga- mo Journal, Sangamon Journal, and Illinois State Journal. The title Sangamon Journal was retained from the begiiming till January 12, 1832, when, with no. 11, it was changed to Sangamo Journal. This paper supported the Whig party, thus favoring a national bank, protective tariff, and internal improvements. From the birth of the Republican party the Journal supported its principles. Published by Simeon and Josiah Francis, 1831- 1835 ; Simeon Francis, 1835-1838 ; Simeon, Allen and J. Newton Francis, 1838-1843 ; Simeon and Allen Francis, 1843-1855 ; W. H. Bailhache and Edwaid L. Baker, 1855-1862. On September 23, 1847, the name was changed to Illinois Journal, and on August 13, 1855, was changed to that by which it has since been known, namely HSAMF Illinois State Journal, +1855 to date: W. H. Bailhache sold his interest in 1862 to David L. Phillips. A stock company was formed in February, 1863; in March, 1866, Phillips sold his stock to Bailhache. In February, 1873, the stock was sold to Edward L. Baker, David P. Phillips, Charles Edwards, and J. D. Roper. Paul Selby, Milton F. Simmons, and Horace Chapin bought the paper in September, 1878, and in 1885 it became the property of Frank E. Tracy, Charles T. Stratton and A. F. Phillips; after one year Paul Selby and M. S. Kimball bought it; in April, 1889, the property was bought by Clarence R. Paul, 322 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Harry F. Dorwin, and Lewis H. Miner. Paul Selby was asso- ciate editor from July, 1862, until after the close of the war, and again from 1874 to 1878; he was one of the proprietors and editor from 1878 to 1889. Clarence R. Paul was editor from 1889 until his death, May 28, '1908. He was succeeded by Lewis H. Miner. Files for several years owned by Mr. Kerns, Wyoming, 111. EDBHSUACWLF Illinois Herald, October, 1831 (?): Established by Edward Jones and S. S. Brooks. Later it was published by Edmund D. Taylor; edited and printed by Samuel S. Brooks in 1833. HM Illinois Republican, 1835-1839: A Democrat paper; supported Jackson's policy; was merged into the Illinois State Register in 1839. It was edited and published by John L. Roberts and George R. Weber. Stephen A. Douglas contributed to its columns. A mob, one of which was the sherifi of the county, attacked the office twice, but was repelled by the Weber Brothers. Illinois State Register, + August io( ?), 1839, to date : Established by John York Sawyer, at Edwardsville as Illinois Advocate. It was published at Springfield by Wm. Walters and George R. Weber as editors and publishers until 1845. Mr. Walters and Charles H. Lanphier were editors and publishers, 1845-1846. On the death of Mr. Walters in July, 1846, Mr. Lanphier became editor and owner. He and George Walker were its editors and publishers, June 4, 1847-1858. On January 2, 1849, the Daily Illinois State Register was first issued. Mr. Walker having died, Mr. Lanphier and Edward Conner edited and published the paper in 1858-1859, Mr. Lanphier becoming sole proprietor late in 1859, and so continued until November 24, 1863. During i860, the late Congressman William M. Springer, edited the paper. Mr. Lanphier' s connection with the Illinois State Reg- ister closed in 1863, when it was suspended for a few months. It was revived by the Illinois State Register Publishing Company under the business management of George Judd and was edited by I. N. Higgins. On November 12, 1864, the paper was again suspended. On January i, 1865, John W. Merritt and sons, Edward L. and Joseph D., became proprietors and revived the paper with John W. Merritt as editor-in-chief and Edward L. Merritt as his associate editor. January i, 1866, Edward L. and Joseph D. Merritt became proprietors under the firm name of E. L. Merritt and Brother. In 1873 John W. Merritt was succeeded as editor by Edward L. Merritt. In 1877 the Mer- ritt Brothers sold the paper to an incorporated company, com- posed of John M. Palmer, John Mayo Palmer, Edward L. Mer- SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON. COUNTY 323 1 ritt and James M. Higgins. In 1880 this company sold the property to G. W. and J. R. Weber, sons of George R. Weber, who was connected with it in 1839, and Charles Edwards, John H. Oberly, and G. R. Weber edited it. Soon afterwards the paper was turned over to a trustee. Early in 1881 John M. Palmer bid it in on a sale and then sold it to George Smith, H. W. Clendenin, and Thomas Rees of Keokuk, Iowa, who issued their first number of June 19, 1881, under the firm name of Smith, Clendenin and Rees. Mr. Smith died in 1886 and the proprietor- ship was then placed in an incorporated company composed of H. W. Clendenin, Thomas Rees, and the heirs of Mr. Smith, the title being the Illinois State Register Company. A few years thereafter the Smith interest was purchased by the company controlled by Messrs. Clendenin and Rees, which is its present owner. Mr. Clendenin has been editor-in-chief since 1881, and Mr. Rees has been business manager during the same time. The Illinois State Register has been a Democratic paper since 1836, when Mr. Walters assumed its publication. EDBJAHSUF Illinois Messenger, i84o-( ?) : Edited by Samuel S. Brooks. Old Soldier, 1840: Edited by a Whig general committee; pub- lished by S. J. Francis and Company. A Old Hickory, February 15-November i, 1840: Published by a Democratic general committee. A Times, October 17, 1843-1845: A Democratic paper edited by Samuel S. Brooks. A Olive Branch, March-fall, 1844 : A Whig campaign paper issued from the office of the Journal. WM Illinois Adler und Democratischer Whig, May 21-falI, 1844: A German campaign paper edited by I. A. Arenz and published by I. F. Ruhe, Jr. A Illinois Washingtonian, March i, 1845 O)'- Published by T. S. Fairchild and C. H. Ray for the Illinois State Temperance Society. Andrew McCarmack, S. S. Brooks, John B. Weber, Edmund R. Wiley and James C. Conkling comprised the pub- lishing committee. Monthly. H Illinois Organ, June 24, i848-i85i(?): Established by George B. Goudy and S. S. Whitehurst, publishers and proprietors, and apparently, editors. The paper was "devoted to temperance, morals, literature, the arts and sciences, general news, and agri- culture." Within four months Eli H. Hosea had taken the place of Goudy, and the temperance cause had become its chief raison d'itre. By its third year D. J. Snow was editor. Volume 3, no. 50, July 19, 1851, is the latest copy available. USF 324 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Illinois Unionist and Statesman, 1852-1853 : A single copy in the library of the Chicago Historical Society is vol. i, no. 35, for March 9, 1853. It gives J. Snow and Company as editors and publishers, but does not reveal the politics of the paper. H Western Leader, January, 1854 (?): Published by J. Snow and Company to further the aims of the Maine Law Alliance. F Daily Enterprise, 1854-1855: Edited by Washington Wright; published by Richards and Smith. S Memento, and Odd-Fellows' Northwestern Magazine, August, i854-i869(?): A fraternal monthly, edited by William Rounseville and published by N. C. Nason. Suspended from July, 1856, to April, 1857; then continued by Nason and Hill. Apparently there was another suspension, for vol. 5 ended in March, i860, and vol. 7 began April 20, 1867, published by N. C. Nason, and edited by N. C. Nason and Samuel Willard. They were still conducting it in 1869. With vol. 3 the title was changed to Memento and Odd Fellows' Family Magazine. H Illinois Farmer, i856-(after 1863): Edited by M. L. Dunlap from January, i860, until after 1863 ; published by Bailhache and Baker. Monthly. U American Enterprise and Eclectic Advertiser, 1856 ( ?) : Issued by J. D. Freeman and H. Magee to advertise Free- man's "patent" medicines. F Olive Branch, January, 1856 (?): Edited by S W. Haw- ley as an organ of the Lutheran church. F Conservative, August 14 till fall, 1856: Issued during the presi- dential campaign to favor Millard Fillmore's nomination as a candidate for the presidency. F Daily Independent, 1856-1858: A. M. Garland was editor; Garland and Wheeler were owners and publishers. Frank Leonard was a contributor, and Ben Richards was foreman. Supported Bell and Everett and the ideas of the know-nothing party in 1856. Wholly independent. Republican, February 9, 1857 (?): John E. Rosette was editor; Jameson, Ashton and Company, proprietors. The paper was Republican, but "perfectly independent." Daily. TJ Illinois State Democrat, 1857-1860: Managed by J. J. Clarkson and edited by Elliott B. Hemdon. While it claimed to repre- sent Democracy it combated the "heresies" of Douglas. Illinois Staats Anzeiger, i859-i86i(?): Established by Dr. Theodore Canisius, who in 1861 was appointed by President Lincoln, consul at Vienna. SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY 325 Lincoln Clarion, June 5-November 27, i860: A campaign paper, edited and published by E. R. Wiley, Jr. S Theodora, i86i( ?) : A religious monthly listed in Kenny's American Newspaper Directory for 1861. Masonic Trowel, March, i862-i875(?) : Edited and published by Harmon G. Reynolds. H. G. Reynolds and Son became pub- lishers later. H Odd Fellows Union, March 20, 1866-February 20, 1867: Pub- lished by Harmon G. Reynolds nad Son, edited by H. G. Reynolds, past Grand Master, and Samuel Willard, secretary. Discontinued at the end of one year. Monthly. HC Illinois Staats Democrat, 1866-1871 : Established and pub- lished by Christian Lohman. Capital Record and Family Journal, 1869-1871 : Established by Ed. A. Wilson, who was editor and publisher during the paper's career. Illinois Atlas, 1869-187 i : Thomas Lewis was editor and pub- lisher in the first year ; he was succeeded by Illinois Adas Com- pany. Independent. EA Legal Directory, 1869-1873: Established by E. L. and W. L. Grass, who were editors and publishers through the paper's career. In 1873 it was called Illinois Legal Directory. Freie Kanzel, 1870: A German evangelical paper edited by A. Schabehom, and published by C. Lohmann and Company. Die Zeitdng, 1870-1871 : Established and published by Christian Lohmann. Political Crisis, 1871 : Established by R. Weber and Sons. Inde- pendent. Labor of Love, 1872-1876: A monthly religious publication edited and published by Edwin A. Wilson. Illinois Freie Presse, 1872-1890 : For the first four months Ed- ward Rmnmel, secretary of state, was editor and publisher, sup- porting the "liberal movement." Sold to Gehring and Hatze. After a year and a half Fred Gehring became sole proprietor and editor. In 1886 Gehring sold to Charles Bremer; Bremer sold to H. Schlange, the proprietor of Staats Wochenhlatt, who discontinued the Freie Presse in 1890. U Sangamo Monitor, i873-i894(?): T. W. S. Kidd was editor and publisher and seems to have continued the paper until about 1894. Established as a weekly; a morning daily was begun in 1877 and called Morning Monitor. Independent. 326 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Young Men's Christian Association Herald, i876-(after 1881): Monthly. Food for the Lambs, 1876: Issued "four times a month" by Ed- win A. Wilson, for those who needed spiritual sustenance be- tween the visitations of the Labor of Love. Atheneum, 1877 ( ?) : A monthly literary journal, discontinued before 1881. Evening Gazette, 1878 (?): A daily, edited and published by the Gazette Publishing Company. Staats Wochenblatt, 1878 to date: Established by H. Schlange, who sold to A. Wulff in 1882 and repurchased in 1885. He sold to Sexauer and Patzke in 1900. In 1901 B. F. Sexauer became editor and proprietor and has continued so to date. Odd Fellows Herald, August, 1878 to date: Established by A. D. Sanders, this publication has had a somewhat peripatetic career. Sanders sold to the Bulletin Publication Company of Bloomington in 1883, and the Herald was published by that company in Bloomington until 1885 when F. E. Huddle became owner. He sold in 1887 to George M. Adams, and Adams, in 1892, sold to C. F. Mansfield, who removed the Herald to Mans- field. In 1893 it was transferred to Owen Scott, who removed it to Bloomington. In 1894 it was bought by James R. Miller and John H. Sikes, who removed it to Springfield, where it has remained. In 1903 Mr. Miller died, and the publication has been continued by John H. Sikes and Mrs. Mary P. Miller. It is the official organ of the I. O. O. F. of Illinois. A. O. H. Emerald, i879-i88o( ?) + : Organ of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. James E. Dunn was editor and publisher. In 1882 it had been moved to Chicago, and was dated at Chicago and Springfield. Publication seems to have suspended late in the 80s. Sunday Mail, 1879-1880: A short-lived paper edited and pub- lished by the Mail Company. State Argus, July 10, 1879 ( ?) : Edited by D. W. Lusk ; pub- lished by the State Argus Company, of which George N. Black was secretary, William JajTie, president. It was named in the subtitle " a weekly journal of general intelligence, state interests, politics and literature." The contents indicate that special emphasis was placed on Republican politics. U Illinois Synoptical Reporter, August, 1879 (?): A bi- monthly law journal, edited by J. C. Wells. STERLING, WHITESIDE COUNTY 327 STANFORD, McLEAN COUNTY Tribune, February, 1879-March, 1880: A non-partisan paper, edited and published by Shannon Creed. STAUNTON, MACOUPIN COUNTY Times, August, 1878, to date: Established by Showman and Lamb, who sold after two months to W. F. Bently. It was published and edited by F. L. Blome from 1885 to 1898; T. H. Edwards, 1898 to 1904; T. H. and J. J. Edwards, 1904 to 1908; M. W. Meyers, 1909. Bound files dating from 1885 to 1908 in pos- session of T. H. Edwards. STEELEVILLE, RANDOLPH COUNTY Times, 1875-1876: Edited and published by W. S. West. Printed at the oflSce of the Tamaroa Perry County Watchman. STERLING, WHITESIDE COUNTY Times, December, 1854-1857: Established by Charles Boynton In 1855 Gratton and Norwood purchased the paper and made it Republican. In the spring of 1856 Gratton and Norwood sold to L. D. CrandaU, under whom the Times became Demo- cratic and supported James Buchanan for the presidency. William Hyde was the editor. In the winter of 1856-1857 Wor- thington and Biggert bought the paper, and they continued it until its suspension, after about three years. One of the first copies is on file in the office of the Gazette. The Times was neu- tral in politics under Mr. Boynton. F Republican, July, 1856-1858-!-: Established by William Caffrey, who strongly advocated the election of John C. Fremont as president. Combined with Gazette. F Gazette, 1857-1858-I- : Established by H. G. Gratton. It was soon combined with the Republican as Republican and Gazette, -f-1858-f : Cafifrey and Gratton were joint publishers imtil Gratton sold his interest to Walter Nimocks. Caffrey and Nimocks continued only a short time. Nimocks took his share to Kansas, and Caffrey continued the paper under the name of H Gazette, -\- 1858 to date : In 1861 the Gazette passed into the hands of C. M. Worthington and Company. -Shortly afterward, Worth- ington became the sole proprietor and later, September, 1870, sold the office to George Terwilliger. Later he sold back to Worthington. In January, 1873, Worthington sold a half in- terest to W. F. Eastman and the firm became C. M. Worthington and Company. In March, 1876, Eastman became sole editor 328 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS and owner. In fovir months he sold a half interest to D. J. Jenne. The firm of Eastman and Jenne continued until the spring of 1880, when the Sterling Gazette Company was organized. Eastman and Jenne retired and the stock was bought by Chalkly John and William R. Cobb. In 1886 Dennis T. Kelly and John W. Lee purchased the stock, but their unsuccessful man- agement brought the company into the hands of W. F. Eastman as receiver. He continued to January, 1887. Since that date the owners have been : Chalkly John and H. L. John, January, 1887, several years ; C, H. L,, and M. D. John, September, 1903 ; Orville P. Bassett and the Sterling Publishing Company, later the Sterling Gazette Company, to date. Among the editors of the past twenty years have been: W. R. Cobb, Charles M. Worthington, Joe R. Adams, M. D. John, Scott Williams, Or- ville P. Bassett, and Edward S. Hoover, editor in 1908. The Gazette was weekly until 1881, when the daily edition was estab- lished. About 1903 a semi-weekly edition replaced the weekly, and March, 1907, the semi-weekly was abandoned. The paper has been Republican for fifty years. Files are in the oflSce. H Whiteside County Argus, 1867 to date (1869): In 1869 W. S. and G. W. Pratt were editors and publishers. The paper was Democratic. Whiteside Chronicle, 1868-1870: A Republican paper, estab- lished by Theodore H. and Charles M. Mack. Later T. H. Mack purchased the whole paper. In 1870 he changed it to the Standard, 1870 to date : Theodore Mack was editor and publisher until 1883, when he sold a half interest to James W. Newcomer In 1887 Alfred Bayliss took the place of Mr. Mack; in 1889 Thomas Diller bought Mr. Newcomer's interest, and later that of Mr. Bayliss. He then took Eugene B, Fletcher into partner- ship. In 1906 A. L. Richmond bought the paper and has since that time published and edited it. In 1892 the paper was made a daUy. There was also a semi-weekly edition, which was abandoned in 1908. The paper is Republican. HU Record, 1870-187 i: A monthly devoted to miscellany, essays, local items, poetry, and jokes. Conducted only one year by Calvin Martin. Rock River Review, 1871 : Edited and published by Charles M. Mack. Monthly. Whiteside Times, 1874 to date (1879) : Dated at Sterling and Rock Falls. (See under Rock Falls.) Beobachter, 1877 to date: In 1879 and 1880 Carl Strack was editor and publisher; in 1882 H. Matthey, Jr.; L. Oitmanns after 1882 to date (1907). German. Democratic. STREATOR, LA SALLE COUNTY 329 Clear Grit, 1877 : Edited and published by Ralph W. Norwood. Observer, 1879-1880: Edited and published by Charles Strack. Issued from the office of the Beobachter. An Independent paper. Poultry Banner, 1879-1880: A monthly, devoted to poultry- raising. J. F. Streeter was editor and publisher. STEWARTSON, SHELBY COUNTY Enterprise, 1878-1887+: Edited by Milton A. Bates, 1878; by A. M. Anderson and H. Martin latter half of 1878 ; by H. Martin and C. D. Shumard early in 1879; by W. B. Townsend and Harry Martin last half of 1879; by A. M. Anderson, 1879-1887. In 1887 it was changed to the Clipper. It was edited by W. H. Fegan and Zip Wilson for a few months, and by W. H. Fegan 1877 to date. An Independent paper. STONE FORT, SALINE COUNTY Journal, i874-i877(?): Edited and published in 1875 by A. J. Alden; in 1876 by J. J. Penny; in 1877 by J. B. Chapman. U STREATOR, LA SALLE COUNTY Monitor, 1869 to date: Founded by Rutan Brothers. In a few months they sold to F. D. Dalton, who made the paper semi- weekly. In 1874 Mr. Dalton sold to Samuel Plumb, who returned the paper to weekly form. Mr. Plumb sold to W. W. Bean, who, in May, 1881, founded the daily Monitor. Rowell, 1879, gives Cadet and W. B. Taylor as editors and publishers in 1879 and the title Monitor-Index in 1880 In 1907 W. W. Bean was still conducting the paper, which has always been Republi- can. Free Press, 1873 to date: Founded by Irving Carrier. After the first edition the paper was published by Carrier and Bean. In 1874, they were succeeded by Rev. James H. Clark, who in a few months received Walter Hoge as partner. After six months Mr. Clark sold his interest to Hoge. John W. Fomof purchased a half interest, February, 1877. Hoge and Fornof, 1877-1878; Fomof, 1878-1879; Fomof and Hoge, 1879-1884; Skiver and Fomof, 1884 to date. The paper had been Republican except under Hoge's management, when it was Democratic. The daily was begim in December, 1880. In 1905, the Free Press Company was incorporated, and in 1907 was still publishing the Free Press, with Fomof and Van Skiver as editors. Pioneer, 1875-1877 : Gale and Hodge were editors and publishers 1876; W. Hector Gale, 1877. Republican. 330 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS SULLIVAN, MOULTRIE COUNTY Express, January or February, 1857-1866 : Edited by J. D. Mondy, 1857-1858; J. H. Waggoner and B. B. Haydon, 1858; J. H. and E. E. Waggoner, 1858; E. E. Waggoner, 1858-1859; J. H. and I. V. Waggoner, 1859; J. H. Waggoner, 1859; Mr. Wag- goner as manager and John R. Ecden, editor, 1859-1860. In i860 its publication ceased for awhile. It was revived by Alfred N. Smyser and conducted by him, 1860-1862; Ferryman Brothers, 1862-1866 (irregular); Richard Couch, 1866. Changed by Joseph H. Waggoner, who owned the paper in 1866, to Democrat, 1866-1869+: Richard Couch and I. D. Ferryman, 1866-1869; Thomas M. Bushnell, owing to a chattel mortgage, became proprietor and changed the name to Progress, +1869 to date: Bushfield, proprietor, W. H. Smyser, editor, 1869; F. L. Shutt and Smyser, 1869-1873; W. H. Smy- ser and W. J. Mize, 1873-1883. W. J. Mize and Company, 1884; I. J. Martin and Company, 1891; I. J. Martin, editor. Progress Printing Company publishers in 1895. In 1907 the Progress Printing Company were editors and publishers. The paper is Democratic. Moultrie County Union Banner, 1863 (i86o?)-i867-f- : Estab- lished by W. M. Stanley. W. A. Ballard was editor and manager for one year. Then Mr. Stanley became proprietor and editor. In 1867 he sold to Alvin P. Greene and J. F. Hughes, who changed the name to Okaw Republican, -I-1867-1870: The withdrawal of Mr. Hughes in 1868 left Mr. Greene editor and publisher. In 1870 the office was sold and removed from the county. Plaindealer, 1872-1874: B. B. and C. W. Everett were editors and proprietors. It was traded to P. W. Shutt, who removed the office to Paris. A Republican paper. Moultrie County Chronicle, 1874: Established by Cicero V. Walls. It was continued for eleven weeks in the interest of the "farmers' movement." Journal, 1875 to date (1884) : Founded by W. A. Chapman, who in 1876 sold to A. S. Lindsay and J. W. Rohr. In August, Mr. Rohr retired and J. T. Williams became editor. In 1878-1877 Mr. Williams and W. G. Cambridge; 1877, T. L. McGrath and J. C. Stanley; May, 1877-1878, J. C. and W. M. Stanley; 1878-1880, J. C. Stanley; 1880, Fred T. Magruder and James R.Sedgwick; 1882, Hogg and Bankson; 1884, A. F. Brown. SYCAMORE, DeKALB UNTY 331 SUMNER, LAWRENCE COUNTY Lawrence County Press, November, 1875 to date: An Indepen- dent paper, established by James A. Ilger. In April, 1878, he sold to C. P. and W. E. Mock. C. P. Mock retired in July, 1878. W. E. Mock sold in October, i879(?) to Z. D. French and A. C. Clippinger. They made the paper Republican. After several changes in ownership the paper was bought in 1881 by A. C. Clippinger, who made it Independent. W. R. Carlton bought it in September, 1881, made it Republican and in 1882 changed it to Sumner Press. Carlton died in 1889, and after various changes in management, the Press was bought by T. H. Seed, who conducted it until August i, 1902, when he sold to James I. Wagner, the present editor and publisher. SYCAMORE, DeKALB COUNTY Republican Sentinel, 1854-1858+ : Edited by H. A. Hough, 1854-1857; Daniel Dustin, 1857-1858. Changed to PF DeKalb County Republican, +1858-1861+: Edited by E. L. Mayo, Z. B. Mayo, and J. A. Simons. It supported Douglas for re-election to the senate. By 1861 the title had been changed to Sentinel, under which name the paper was sold to F True Republican, 1857 to date: Edited by C. W. Waite, 1858- 1863; H. L. Boies, 1863-1887; F. O. Van Galder, 1887-1899 Edward I. Boies, 1899 to date. Proprietors: C. W. Waite, 1857-1858; J. H. Beveridge and Company, 1858-1859; O. P Bassett, 1859-1862 ; Mr. Bassett and H. L. Boies, 1862-1865 John Norris and Company, 1865-1868; H. L. Boies, 1868-1874 Boies and Taylor, 1874-1875; Boies and Armstrong, 1875-1878 Boies and Peck, 1878-1880; Boies and Hartman, 1880-1884 H. L. Boies and Company, 1884-1887; Van Galder and Boies, 1887-1899; Edward I. Boies and C. H. Bucks, 1899-1900; E I. Boies, 1900-1907; E. I. Boies and A. H. Rasch, 1907 to date It was issued weekly until December, 1869; since then semi- weekly. Files are in the oiEce. From 1861, after the Sentinel was absorbed, to about the close of the war, the paper was known as the PF Republican and Sentinel, 1861-1865: (See True Republican). Changed back to True Republican. P Reformer, 1870-18744- : In 1874 Arnold Brothers were editors and publishers. Monthly. Methodist. Changed to Reformer AND Free Press, -1-1874-1876-f-: Published by Arnold Brothers. "A sprightly family paper. Outspoken upon all the popular sins of the day." It became U 332 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Free Methodist, +1876-1880+ : A Methodist weekly, edited and published by D. P. Baker and T. B. Arnold, who moved it from Aurora (which see). In 1880 it was moved to Chicago. Charles B. Ebey was editor and S. K. J. Chesbro publisher in 1907 Since July 15, 1907, J. T. Logan has been editor and W. B. Rose, publisher. The editors and publishers are elected quadrennially. Peasl, i87i(?) (?): A Sunday school monthly edited and published by D. P. Baker and T. B. Arnold. U DeKalb County Farmer, 1871-1872 : Volaski Hix was editor and publisher. The paper was discontinued after one year. U City Weekly, 1872-1892: Edited by Volaski Hix, 1872-1878; Hix and Van Galder, 1878-1887; Hix and Sonn, 1887-1893; L. P. Hix, 1 893-1 902. The paper was changed to the Sycamore Tribune, 1902 to date, edited and published since October, 1904, by George L. Anderson. Semi-weekly since April, 1902. Republican. U Christian Pilgrim, 1873-1876: Non-sectarian monthly, "opposed to all the sins, superfluities, and formalism of the age." M. F. Manley and N. T. Frame were editors; Baker and Arnold, publishers. U Free Press, 1878-1879 : A daily established by Davis, Manning, and Russell. TALLULA, MENARD COUNTY Enterprise, 1874-1875: Established by Thrapp Brothers; D. H. Cooke was editor and publisher. TAMAROA, PERRY COUNTY Egyptian Spy, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenny's Ameri- can Newspaper Directory for 1861. Perry County Watchman, 1870-1872+ : Established by a stock company with L. E. Knapp and H. W. Adams as editors and publishers. In 1872 D. C. Barber obtained control of the stock and leased the oflSce to H. F. Montressor, who changed the name to U Enterprise, -I-1872 (?): Short-lived. The material was leased to E. W. Koonce, who changed the name to Star ( ?) ■{ ?) : Short-lived. The office went into the hands of F. A. Allison, who established the Item, (?) (?): Mr. Allison was succeeded by Curlee Brothers. After a short time, Mr. Barber sold the office to persons in Murphysboro. Perry County Watchman, January, i874-(after 1876) : An Inde- pendent paper edited by A. V. Willoughby and Company. U TAYLORVILLE, CHRISTIAN COUNTY 333 Perry County Press, 1879-1881 : An Independent paper, estab- lished by Curiae Brothers. In 1881 it was removed to DuQuoin, where it was issued as the DuQuoin Press. TAMPICO, A\rHITESIDE COUNTY Tornado, 1876 to date: Established by A. D. Hill and Charles F. Gifford. During the first year it was printed at Prophetstown. At the end of the first year Mr. Gifford became sole owner, and continued so to 1900. A. D. Hill then conducted it for one month and sold to George Isherwood, editor and proprietor to date. The paper is Independent. Files are available at the office. TAYLORVILLE, CHRISTIAN COUNTY Independent Press, 1858-1868: Edited by Benjamin Winters. The press on which this paper was printed had done duty in the office of the Missouri Republican as early as 1808, the first number of which paper was printed on it. In 1831 it was used in establishing the Sangamo Journal in Springfield, Illinois. Democratic. F Journal, 1859 ( ?) : Published by Carr, Van Kirk, and Com- pany. Short-lived. Democratic. Flag, July, 1864-1870 -1- : Established by the Union League, a Republican political organization, as a party organ. J. D. Goudy was manager and editor. After three weeks, Paul Conner was put in charge, soon purchased the office and became sole editor and proprietor, in which capacity he continued until April, 1866, when J. J. Squier purchased an interest. The firm remained Conner and Squier imtil November, 1866, when Squier purchased Conner's interest, becoming editor and publisher. In November, 1870, he changed the name of the Flag to Illinois Repubijcan, -1- November, 1870 to date (1881): W. B. Squier joined his brother, J. J. Squier, on the Republican, and the finn continued Squier Brothers until March, 1874. Partnership was dissolved at this time, J. J. Squier remaining editor and publisher to date (1881). The paper was Republican. U Saturday Republican: August, 1876 to date (1881): Established by John J. Squier; an adjxmct to the Illinois Republican, and published from that office. Christian County Democrat, August, 1868-1874-I- : Established with the support of the Democratic party, by John J. Smith, who remained editor and publisher until November Of that year. James Suttle, November, 1868, to September, 1869; S. P. Davis and F. L. Powers, September, 1869-February 11, 1871. W. T. 334 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Martin then purchased the paper. In May, 1874, the words, Christian County were dropped and the paper has since been known as the Taylorville Democrat, +1874-1900: Established by W. T. Martin, sole editor and publisher until George W. Weber became a partner Au- gust, 1875. Mr. Weber retired in June, 1877. January, 1880, Martin sold to Benjamin A. and Philip A. Richards. Richards was succeeded by J. F. Hamer, he by Vincent Foy and he by C. N. Walls. In 1900 the Democrat was bought by the Courier and merged with that paper. U Christain County Real Estate Advertiser, 1870: Issued by Shumway and Brother. Monthly. Independent, March, 1875- January, 1876: Established by Messrs. Mallory and Daaley, proprietors, with R. V. Mallory as editor. After thirteen numbers, the editor turned over the business to Noyes B. Chapman, who continued the publication, with C. F. Tucker as editor, until July 30, 1875. From that date, M. A. Bates published and edited the Independent until it was discon- tinued January 14, 1876. This paper was the organ of the Gran- ger and Greenback element of Christian county and was revived as such in March, 1876, under the name of Farmers' Journal, March, 1876 to date (1907) : Resurrected from, the Independent by Lewis and Brown, publishers and editors. August 31, 1876, the office came into the possession of J. F Hamer, and E. W. Anderson became editor. After publishing the Journal one year, Mr. Hamer changed the tone from Gran- ger and Greenback to Democratic, which it remained till dis- continued. In 1880 J. F. Hamer and Company were pub- lishers and Anderson and Harner, editors. It was afterward changed to Journal; A. D. Webb, editor and proprietor. It was discontinued after 1907. THOMSON, CARROLL COUNTY Courier, 1867-1873: A Republican paper, edited and published in 1869 by D. McCoy. C. E. Brown was editor and publisher in 1870-1871; Peter Holman and Company, 1872-1873. Printed at the office of the Lanark Carroll County Gazette. Journal, 1873-1876: Edited and published by Peter Holman; printed at the office of the Fulton Journal. A Republican paper. News, 1873 to date (1874) : Edited and published by Dode Green. Village Echo, 1874 to date (1876): A Republican paper edited and published by W. G. Tate. Printed at the office of the Mount Carroll Carroll County Mirror. TOULON, STARK COUNTY 335 TISKILWA, BUREAU COUNTY Independent, February, i8s6-May, 1857 : Independent in politics. Established by George L. Karl (George Hall ?). Register, September, 1876-1877 : Established by D. B. Sherwood. TOLEDO, CUMBERLAND COUNTY Register, September, 1876-1877: Established by D. B. Sherwood. Democrat, 1859 to date: In 1907 George Barton and L. M. Wood were editors and publishers. Democratic in politics. TOLONO, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY Citizen, 1869-1870: Established by John S. Harper, editor and publisher. Printed at the office of the Homer Journal. Herald, 1875 to date: Established by E. J. and E. B. Chapin. E. J. Chapin, the father, was publisher, the son was editor. In 1877 the proprietorship passed to E. B. Chapin. In 1891 he sold to A. B. Campbell, who is still editor and publisher. The paper has always been Republican. U TONICA, LA SALLE COUNTY Register, 1870-1871 : Established and conducted by O. J. and L. W. Dimmick. Local, i87i-i877(?): Edited by Little and Taylor, 1871-1873: Alfred Heath, 1874-1876; William A. Flint, 1877. News, 1874 to date: In 1878, under the management of J. W. Richardson and William A. McGrew, it was made a strictly local paper. In 1879 Mr. Richardson was editor, and Richardson and McGrew were publishers. In 1883 Mr. Richardson became sole owner and continued publication to 1901, when he took his son into partnership. Since 1878 an edition for Lostant has been published, called the Lostant Local. A complete file of the News since 1878 is kept, bound, in the office, and another at the house of J. W. Richardson. The La Salle County his- tory states that the News was started as a semi-monthly in 1872, by C. M. Kellar, who enlarged it in 1873 and in 1875 sold it to William A. McGrew, J. W. Richardson purchasing a half interest in 1878. TOULON, STARK COUNRY Prairie Advocate, 1856-1857-^ : Established by John G. Hewitt and John Smith, the latter retiring soon. In spring of 1857 Mr. Hewitt sold to Rev. R. C. Dunn, who changed it to Stark County News, -I- 185 7-1 860 : Mr. Dimn soon sold to Messrs. Henderson and Whitaker, and its publication was continued somewhat irregularly by Dr. S. S. Kaysbier. 336 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Stark County Union, i86i : Established on the ruins of the Stark County News, in the fail of 1861, by W. H. Butler, who abandoned the enterprise after a few months. Neutral in politics. Stark County News, 1863 to date: Established by S. S. Kaysbier in the office of the original Stark County News. Mr. Kaysbier published it from the spring of 1863 to January i, 1864, when he took into partnership Oliver White. In the first number pub- lished by the two partners. White had a brief editorial on Lincoln as a candidate for a second term as president. This is said to be the first public mention of Lincoln's name in this connection in the whole country. From the summer of 1864 to the fall of 1868 White conducted the paper alone; fall of 1868, to spring of 1869, White and Joseph Smethurst; spring of 1869 for a few months Joseph Smethurst and Edwin Butler. Edwin Butler, from fall of 1869 till after 1884; G. A. Monteith, 1891; Charles T. Henderson, editor, J. E. Henderson, publisher in 1895. Re- publican in politics. Stark County Democrat, i860: the organ of the Douglas Club of Stark County during the campaign of i860. First appeared in July, i860; Mr. Schallenberger, editor. Democratic in poli- tics; its career ended with the defeat of Douglas in i860. Stark County Democrat, 1867 ( ?) + : Established by a com- pany of Democrats, August, 1867; Seth Rockwell, publisher, M. Schallenberger, editor. Rockwell was succeeded after one year by Benjamin W. Seaton. Schallenberger after two years was also succeeded by Seaton, who took entire control and changed the name of the paper to Prairie Chief, 4-1869-1872-!-: Mr. Seaton conducted the paper until April, 1872, when Henry M. Hall succeeded him and re- named the paper New Era, 4-1872-1875: Henry M. Hall was editor and publisher. Molly Stark, 1876 (?): Published by Oliver White. Repub- lican in politics. Tri-weekly. Herald, 1878-18804- : Edited and published by E. H. Phelps, who removed it to Wyoming in 1880. He sold it in 1883 to Ar- thur Hotchkiss, who in turn sold to William R. Sandham in 1885. Sandham combined it with the Post. Semi-weekly. Republican. TREMONT, TAZEWELL COUNTY Tazewell Whig, 1835-1848: Edited by Briggs and Famham; later by P. H. Thompson (see Mirror, Pekin). Vol. 3 is in the Withers Public Library, Bloomington. B TUSCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTY 337 Tazewell Democrat, October, 1843 (?): Edited by W. H. Leonard; published by J. A. Nason. TRENTON, CLINTON COUNTY CouHiER, 1873-1875 : Edited and published by E. H. Elliff. TROY, MADISON COUNTY Weekly Bulletin, Febraary, 1873-1884: Established by James N. Jarvis, who continued the publication to 1881. Then he sold to George Armstrong and Joseph S. Umberger. In three months they sold to Henry B. Morriss. In 1882 Morriss sold to Dr. F. A. Sabin. In September, 1883, Mr. Jarvis established the Troy Record, and in the spring of 1884 bought the Btdletin, merged the two plants and discontinued the publication of the Bulletin. The motto of the paper was, " Independent in all things; neutral in nothing." Files from 1873-1881, excepting that of 1876, acci- dentally destroyed, are in the possession of Mr. Jarvis, TURNER JUNCTION, DuPAGE COUNTY News, i87i-i884(?): J. Russell Smith was editor and publisher, 1871-1883; J. J. Dunkelberg, 1884. Printed at the oflSce of the Wheaton lUinoisan. TUSCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTY Press, i859-(short-lived) : Proprietor left between two days. Shield, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenny's American Newspaper Directory for 1861. Journal, 1864 to date: Established by Siler and Amasa S. Lindsey, who were succeeded by Williams in 1876. It was edited and published in 1879 by C. M. Walls. In 1881 George Glassco conducted the paper; afterward, "Tom" Williams and a Mr. Glassco. It was owned and conducted in 1898 by A. C. Sluss. In 1907 C. R. Truitt was editor and publisher. Re- publican. Douglas County Shield, 1865-1867: Established by the Sellers Brothers. Union, (?) (?): Established by a Mr. Gregory. Not a success. Independent Statesman, 1868 to date (1889): Edited and pub- lished by A. Sellers. Democratic. Douglas County Review, 1875 to date: Established by Converse and Parks. In 1877 Colonel Phecian became editor. He was succeeded in six months by Major Asa Miller, who managed the paper up to 1892, when he sold to Charles W. Wilson. Demo- cratic, yet popular among Republicans. Gazette, 1872-1875 : O. B. Lester was editor and publisher. 338 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS UPPER ALTON, MADISON COUNTY Qui Vive, i868-i877(?): A college paper, edited by the students of Shurtleff College. Monthly. College Review, i879-(?): Frank J. Merchant and John L. Pearson, editors. Issued by Shurtleff College students. Monthly. (See Alton for other papers.) URBANA, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY Union, 1852-1862: Established by William N. Coler and H. K. Davis; edited by W. N. Coler, 1852-1853; J. O. Cunningham and Benjamin Roney, 1853-1854; in 1854 Roney disappeared and George N. Richards entered the firm. In 1855 he sold to George W. Flynn. A branch oflSce was opened in West Urbana, now Champaign, in 1857. In 1858 the paper was sold to David S. and Charles E. Crandall, who moved it to Champaign in 1859. In 1852 the Union advocated the election of Pierce for president, but in 1856 it took grounds with the anti-slavery party and was thereafter Republican. Files of the Union from vol. i, no. 37, to August, 1858, are in possession of J. O. Cunningham of Urbana. F Our Constitution, July, 1856-1859: A Democratic paper estab- lished by Jacob Zimmerman and George N. Richards, with the former as editor. In the fall of 1859 the paper was removed to Champaign and soon discontinued. Files complete owned by J. O. Cunningham. Clarion, October, 1859-1860: Established by Erastus A. Hunger and Lyman E. Knapp. Sold to William Munhall, who changed it from a neutral to a Democratic paper and the name to Hickory Boy. Partial files owned by J. O. Cunningham. Hickory Boy, i 860-1 861 : Published by William Munhall and edited by J. W. Jaquith. Supported Douglas in the campaign of i860. Partial files owned by J. O. Cunningham. Champaign County Democrat, 1861-1862-I-: Published by Wil- liam Munhall. The name of the Democrat was changed No- vember, 1862, to Champaign County Patriot, 4-1862-1865: But was published under both names by William Munhall as an ardent Union organ and supporter of Lincoln. Suspended about the clo'se of the Civil War, and material used in the publication of the Champaign County Journal, Januar}', 1866-1867: A Demo- cratic paper established by Daniel McKenzie and George W. Gere. Sold in April to Jarvis D. Hurd; after one year B. B. Andrews bought an interest. Suspended in the autumn of 1867 UTICA, LA SALLE COUNTY 339 Illinois Democrat, 1867-1871 : P. Lochrie was editor and pub- lisher. Tocsm, 1869-1870+ : Established and published by Frank M. Snyder; M. W. Mathews was editor. In 1870 changed to Republican, +1870-1878; 1880: Published and edited by Frank M. Snyder. Burned in October, 1871, publication was resumed in December; burned in 1874 and again resumed; burned in 1878 and suspended until 1880, when publication was restimed and continued some months. Then the property was sold to Rev. David Gay, who soon removed it. U Student, November, 1871-1873+: A monthly, edited and pub- lished by students in the Illinois Industrial University. At the beginning of Vol. 3 the name was changed to U Illini, +January, 1874 to date: Edited and published by students in Illinois Industrial University, later University of Illinois. No place of publication was indicated after the change of name until the beginning of vol. 10, September 16, 1880. Then the Illini was issued from Champaign, and became semi-monthly. With vol. 23, beginning September 16, 1893, it became weekly; with vol. 29, beginning September 20, 1899, it became tri-weekly; with vol. 32, beginning September 17, 1902, it became daily five days a week, increased to six with vol. 35, beginning Sep- tember 20, 1905. Beginning with vol. 34, the Illini has been published in Urbana. U Young America, i872(?) (?): An amateur monthly pub- lished in 1872 by Gregory and Smith. Champaign County Herald, 1877-19064- : Established by S. C- Harris and Andrew Lewis. After a few weeks Lewis bought out Harris. In 1879 he sold to M. W. Mathews and C. B. Taylor- In 1 88 1 Taylor sold to Mathews, who continued editor and pub- lisher until his death in 1892. Judge J. O. Cunningham has said : " Mr. Mathews gave to the Herald a reputation second to no coun- try paper in the state of Illinois, and achieved for himself a high reputation as a newspaper man." Through most of the time that Mr. Mathews was editor, L. A. McLean was manager and an editorial writer. Mr. McLean became editor in 1892 and continued until 1902. He was succeeded by John Gray. In 1906 the papei was merged with the Courier (established 1894) as Courier-eraldtl, F. E. Pinkerton and G. W. Martin, editors. UTICA, LA SALLE C< )UNTY Enterprise, 1876-1877: Established by D. L.Hennessey; printed in Peru ; discontinued after one year. Monthly. 340 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS VANDALIA, FAYETTE COUNTY Illinois Intelligencer, +1820-1832+ : Moved from Kaskaskia to Vaadalia where Elijah C. Berry was succeeded by a brother, Wil- liam Berry, and William H. Brown. The Intelligencer for Feb- ruary 15, 1823, contained a severe criticism of the convention legislators, written by Brown. To the article was appended a note: "The above 'extraordinary legislative proceedings' have been published by my partner, Wm. H. Brown, esq., without my approbation, and shall be answered next week. William Berry." The next number bears Blackwell's name instead of Brown's and contains signed articles by William Berry, Wm. H. Brown, and R. Blackwell, explaining the change. The paper now became pro-slavery. For some time between March 19, and May 7, 1824, Berry was financially embarrassed and the paper was suspended for a short time. Governor Coles fur- nished David Blackwell money to run the paper, and stipulated that it should support the anti-convention party. Samuel D. Lockwood was editor, representing Coles, but his name does not appear in the paper. On the surface. Berry disposed of his interest to David Blackwell, whose prospectus asserting that he would "give his uniform opposition" to the convention was published May 14. David Blackwell published the Intelligencer until February 4, 1825, when Robert Blackwell and Company, printers to the state and publishers of the laws of the United States, became the publishers. With the number for June 24, 1825, Robert Blackwell alone became publisher. With Robert Blackwell's return to control, the paper again became friendly to slavery. Judge James Hall bought a half interest January 17, 1829, and was editor until 1832, when he left Illinois. The paper supported Adams, but "felt no animosity to Jackson and stood ready to do the same justice to him as to Adams." In March, 1832, Hall sold to Sherman and Greiner, owners of Illinois Whig, and the two papers were combined, with S. C. Sherman as editor. EMWUHSA Vandalia Intelligencer^ 1822: Established by anti-conven- tionists led by Governor Coles and Daniel P. Cook. Edited by David Blackwell, Secretary of State. Illinois Monthly Magazine, October, 1830-September, 1832: The first literary periodical published in Illinois. It was con- ducted by James Hall, and for one year it was published at Van- dalia, where it was printed by Robert Blackwell, public printer. After the first year the magazine was issued from Cincinnati In 1 This item, found in the earlier edition of this bibliography, is apparently based on a misconception. There is no evidence to show that such a paper ever existed. — F. W. S. VANDALIA, FAYETTE COUNTY 341 January, 1833, Judge Hall moved to Cincinnati, where he pub- lished The Western Monthly Magazine, a Continuation of the Illinois Monthly Magazine until December, 1835. Hall was the chief contributor, and in such articles as Notes on Illinois, People and Manners, and Customs of the West, and in essays on educa- tional topics, stories such as The Missionaries, The Indian Wife's Lament, The Money Diggers, and many poems, he realized the ideal suggested in an article on Periodicals which he published in the number for April, 1831 : "Our editors have become too formal and stately, and fastidious. . . Instead of the infinite variety of topics, which once gave interest to works of this description, nothing is now admitted but reviews, tales and poetry . . . Nothing will go down but trifles, cold, formal, and empty. I am much better pleased with the good old-fashioned magazines . . . within whose well furnished pages, the reader, whatever might be his taste, was sure to find something agreeable." Among those who helped to satisfy in the pages of the Monthly the varied tastes of Illinoisans were Morris Birkbeck, John M. Peck, Governor Edward Coles, Dr. Asa Fitch, George Russell, and Salmon P. Chase. "The Illi- nois Monthly Magazine was one of the most typical of the western journals," remarks William C. Cairns, in his monograph On the Development oj American Literature from 181 ^ to 1833. "Raw and crude as the West was, there is a fin de sihcle tone to these publications that is not found in the eastern magazines." Vol. I is in the Champaign Public Library. HL Illinois Whig, 1831-1832-h : Edited by S. C. Sherman. It became Vandalia Whig and Illinois Intelligencer, -I- March 28, 1832- i834(?): A combination of Illinois Whig anA Illinois Intelli- gencer. Greiner and Sherman were editors and publishers in 1832-1833; S. C. Sherman in 1834. Continued until 1839, according to the Wisconsin list. No copies later than 1834 are found. SAEH Gazette, 183 i (?). Illinois Advocate, + January S,-April 13, 1833 -|- : A Whig paper moved from EdwardsviUe by John York Sawyer. Title changed to ASH Illinois Advocate and State Register, -f April 13, 1833-April 15, 1835 -I- : Conducted under this title by John York Sawyer until April 15, 1835, when title was changed to Illinois Advocate, 4- April 15, 1835-March 8, 1836 -^ : Semi- weekly. Continued by John York Sawyer until his death, March 8, 1836, when the property was bought by William Walters and the publication resumed as ESHAU 342 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Illinois State Register and Illinois Advocate, + March 25- June 17, 1836+ : Published by William Walters as a Demo- cratic organ. He dropped Illinois Advocate from the title, and substituted SHA Illinois State Register and People's Advocate, +June 24, 1836-August 2, 1839+ : Walters continued the publication in the support of Democracy until August 2, 1839, when it was moved to Springfield, where publication was resumed on August io( ?), 1839, as Illinois State Register. Walters did the public printing under contract with Seth T. Sawyer for the benefit of the widow of John York Sawyer, until at the legislative session of 1836- 1837, Walters was elected public printer. SA Illinois State Register, February ii-March 18, 1836+ : Estab- lished by William Walters, and by him combined with Illinois Advocate on March 25, 1836. S Free Press, May 13, 1836-1837-I-: William Hodge was editor, Hodge and Shrader, publishers. Between March and October, 1837, the title was changed to AH Free Press and Illinois Whig, -|-i837-i84i(?): William Hodge was editor and publisher until the fall of 1839, when Hodge and Abbott were publishers. The paper was suspended for a while in the fall of 1839. It seems that James Kennaday bought the paper in 1841 and discontinued it for about two years. H Freeman, June, 1842 (?): Edited and published by James Kennaday. This paper was violently opposed to Ford's candidacy for governor. It accused him of being a Mormon sympathiser and in favor of transferring fourteen northern counties to Wis- consin, that they might escape the state debt. Duncan was its candidate. Probably short lived, or became Free Press. A Free Press, 1843 (?): A revival of the earlier Free Press. James Kennaday was publisher, Q. C. Alexander and James Kennaday editors until July 20, 1844, when Alexander withdrew. Violently Whig. H Olive Leaf, 1843-1845: Edited by Kellam and Lothrop. It was a Baptist journal but also had a secular department. Illinois Sentinel, November 8, i839-i846(?): Edited by John McDonald. Democratic. A Baptist Helmet, November 8, i844-i845(?): Established by S. K. Kellam, who at first was editor and publisher. E. W. Young soon became associated with Kellam in publishing the Helmet According to its motto, the paper was " devoted to religious truth and practical godliness." It gave much space to general news, and was unusually moderate and sane. H VANDALIA, FAYETTE COUNTY 343 Fayette Yeoman and Railroad Journal, June 23, i849-(after May 3, 1851): Established, edited, and published by James Kennaday. Eminently insipid. It was friendly to the admin- istration, but shows no traces of political interest. Before No. 19 the title was changed by dropping and Railroad Journal. H Age of Steam and Fire, 1852-1854 + ( ?) : Edited and published in August, 1853, by H. P. H. Bromwell, who either discontinued it or changed the title to Age oj Steam. F Age of Steam, April 9, 1854-1855+: Apparently established by H. P. H. Bromwell, it was by the seventh number published by Morras and Russell, with W. P. Morras as editor. Then Morras withdrew, and after a brief suspension Thomas J. Russell alone continued the publication with no. 9, which appeared July 15, 1854, until after June 23, 1855. Disclaiming political partisan- ship, the paper showed Whig tendencies, but was especially not- able for its distinctly literary tone. It is said in the history of Fayette county that the paper passed into the possession of H. P. H. Bromwell, who styled it Age of Steam and Fire,^ and that he later sold to Tevis Greathouse, who changed the name to H Fayette Observer, -1-1855-1862: Edited by Tevis Greathouse (with a brief intermission during which time it was edited by Mr. Davis), 1855-1859; Messrs. Sturgess and Hickman, 1859-1862. It represented Democracy until i860 when it became Repub- lican. F Fayette Democrat, 1858 to date: Founded by some leading Demo- crats of the place, and placed under the management of Messrs. Carman and Flynn. The publication was very irregular until it came into the hands of Charles G. Smith in 1863. Charles G. Smith and Son are the present editors and publishers. Vandalian, February 27, 1858 (?): Edited and published by G. B. MiUer and N. C. Davis. F Union, April, 1864 to date: Established by H. S. Humphrey. In 1868 Humphrey sold a half interest to Will Richards. They sold in 1887 to Lon S. Matherly and J. F. Sayles, who sold in 1893 to T. N., Ira D., and Jesse Lakin, who under the name of T. N. Lakin and Sons still conduct the paper. Republican. H Fayette County News, February, 1878-1881 : H. R. Miller was editor and publisher. Sold after nearly three years to Rudolph Ernst, who removed it. Republican. H Illinois Medical Recorder, 1878-1880: R. E. Beach, M.D., was editor and publisher in 1879. Medical monthly. iThis statement in the county history is probably erroneous. Existing numbers of the two papers show that Age of Steam and Fire preceded Age of Steam. A second change is improbable. — P. W. S. 344 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS VARNA, MARSHALL COUNTY Courier, 1870-1872: Established by Andrew J. Bell; Bell and Wilson were editors and publishers in 1872. Journal, 1872 : Edited and published by E. F. Baldwin. VERMONT, FULTON COUNTY Watch Tower, i86i(?): Listed without details in Kenny's Ameri- can Newspaper Directory for 1861. Chronicle, i87o-i879(?)-i88i to date. Established by George L. and Edward P. Durell. F. P. Hallowell was editor for four or five months, when George L. Durrell purchased his brother's interest and became editor and proprietor. W. L. Ketchum purchased the paper in 1879, but withdrew in a short time. G. L. Durell resumed his former post. Later (in 1879) A. D. Sta- pleford was editor and publisher. The paper was evidently discontinued, and in 1881 revived by E. P. and G. L. Durell. Republican. In 1907 C. M. Mercer was editor and publisher. Herald, 1869-1870: A Republican paper edited and published by E. C. Bennet. VERSAILLES, BROWN COUNTY Weekly Independent, July, 1877-1878: Twenty-nine numbers were published at irregular intervals. Walker and Mehl were editors and proprietors. VIENNA, JOHNSON COUNTY Egyptian Artery, 1865-1872+: Wright and Company were editors and publishers. Republican. Name changed to Johnson County Herald, +1873: Published by Wright and Company. Republican. Johnson County Journal, 1874 to date (1891): A. J. Alden was editor and publisher in 1874-1875; W. E. Chitwood was editor, J. J. Penny, publisher, 1876; J. B. Chapman, 1877; Milton A. Smith, 1879-1891. Independent. By 1891 it had become an exponent of Prohibition. In 1881 this paper was dated also from New Burnside. U Johnson County Yeoman, 1874 to date (1879): John T. Keith was editor and publisher in 1876; T. G. Farris, Jr., 1877-1879. Democratic. . U News, 1873-1874: George W. Johnston was editor and publisher. Times, 1879 to date: A. K. Vickers and Brother were editors and publishers in 1880; Edward Morton, 1882; T. J. Parker, 1884. In 1885 William Henry Gilliam and G. W. Ballance bought the paper. W. H. Gilliam was editor and publisher in 1891 and is so at present. Republican. VIRGINIA, CASS COUNTY 345 VIRDEN, MACOUPIN COUNTY Record, August, 1866, to date: Established by Reynolds and Mil- ton. After six months of intermittent solvency they sold to a Mr. Johnson, who in October sold one half interest to W. F. Thomp- son, and in November sold the other half to E. L. Rich. Thompson bought out Rich in 1870, and in 1879 was still owner and publisher. In August, 1885, Thompson sold a half interest to E. P. Kimball, and in 1887 Kimball became and has contin- ued sole owner and editor. Neutral, then Democratic. News, April, 1872-1874: Established by R. H. Ballinger and John Frank. Publication ceased after a year. Revived by A. M. Barker, April, i873(?) and continued till August, 1874. A Republican paper. Conservative, March- Jime, 1868: Edited and owned by George H. Holliday and published by the Macoupin Printing Company. A Democratic paper. Reporter, 1879 to date: Established by A. M. Barker, who pub- lished it one year; then A. G. David and Company one year; E. P. Kimball, one year; B. Brown one year; then George H. Sewall until 1897, when he sold to John R. Underwood, who still is editor and publisher. A Republican paper. VIRGINIA, CASS COUNTY Observer, April 12, 1 848-1 849: A Democratic paper established "by Henry H. Hall, and two or three other young men, for the advancement of the town." Mark W. Delahay was editor, and A. S. Tilden after a time did the rest of the work connected with issuing the paper, John J. Ingalls assisted Delahay for a few weeks. At the end of a year the plant was sold to Tilden, who removed it to Naples. U Owl, 1848-1849: A scandal-mongering "society" paper published in the winter of 1848-1849 by a compositor named Dedrich. Cass County Times, September 9, 1856-1859: Established by Richard S. Thomas as a neutral in politics to promote the interests of a proposed railroad of which he was president. He sold early in 1858 to John Bradley Thompson, who employed Rev. J. S. McDowell to edit, and Robert M. Taggart to publish the sheet. This arrangement continued until late in 1858, when Thompson sold to Taggart. In the fall of 1859 the paper was suspended and the plant reverted to Thomas, who sold it to Hezekiah Naylor. Cass County Independent, January, 1860-April,. 1861: Estab- lished by Hezekiah Naylor and Lafayette Briggs. At first the paper was neutral in politics, but Briggs soon withdrew to permit 346 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Naylor to make it radically Republican. R. S. Thomas was at this time, according to Dr. John F. Snyder, editor sub-rosa. The paper suspended publication in April, 1861, and was removed by Naylor to Pekin. Cass County Union, August, 1 860-1 864: Founded by Democrats, including Jacob Dunaway, Jacob Ward, William Petefish; edited and managed by Lafayette Briggs. Briggs left the paper in 1863 and was succeeded by Stearns DeWitt Rich, who stayed by the paper until its death in the spring of 1864. Cass County Democrat, May 8, 1866-1868+: Established by M. B. Friend, editor and publisher, backed by N. B. Beers, Sam Petefish, and "Bill" Easley. After six months M. B. Friend and Charles H. Whitaker were publishers and proprietors, but Whitaker soon passed on. In June, 1867, Friend sold to James A. "Martin, and the paper was then issued by Martin and John W. Gill. Gill soon disappeared. O. T. Roderick became publisher, J. K. Vandemark, editor. Roderick and Vandemark soon disappeared. Martin withdrew his support as " proprietor, ' ' and N. B. Beers and Company leased the establishment to J. G. Fuss and J. N. Gridley. Fuss was editor and Gridley business manager. To avoid complications with Martin, who indicated a desire to continue a paper under the title of Democrat, the name was changed by Fuss and Gridley to Cass County Times, +1868^ January, 1870: Conducted by J. G. Fuss, editor, and J. N. Gridley, manager, until November, 1869, after which date it was continued by Beers and Company, with J. K. Vandemark as editor until January, 1870. Cass County Courier, July 25, 1866-1870+ : A Republican paper established by John S. Harper, editor. After a few numbers L. S. Allard appeared as editor and proprietor. In 1867 he turned the paper over to LeRoy Carpenter, who was succeeded by H. C. Allard, son of L. S. Allard in 1868, and in 1870 the name was changed to Virginia Courier, +November, 1870-October, 1871+: By October, 1871, H. C. Allard had become owner as well as editor, and the name was changed back to Cass County Courier, + October, 1871-1872+: Allard sold an interest in the paper to N. M. Purviance, but soon bought it back. The paper declined. Allard sold a half interest to Matthew Summers in 1872, and they continued the paper as Gazette, +February 23, 1872 to date: W. M. Summers and H. C. Allard were editors and publishers. March 14, 1873, Allard sold to Summers. In August, 1875, Summers sold an interest to Joseph Anderson, who became associated with Summers as VIRGINIA, CASS COUNTY 347 one of the publishers. Summers died late in 1875 or early in 1876. The paper suffered a brief suspension, but resumed on February 26, 1876, with A. M. Brownlee and H. C. Allard as editors. Allard withdrew in August, 1877; Brownlee sold to Trevanyon L. Mathews and a Mr. Thacker; Mathews, 1878; H. C. Allard, 1879-1881. Allard sold in April, 1881, to C. M. Tinney, who has conducted the Gazette since that time. Republican. Jeffersonian, April 2, 1870-December, 1873: Established by John J. Bunce and run by him alone for eighteen months; then by Bunce and S. L. Gannaway imtil September, 1872; then by Bunce until the paper was discontinued, December 26, 1873. Democratic. Enquirer, July 3, 1875 to date: Established by Reemtsen and Company (Reemtsen and John S. Harper). After nine weeks Harper was alone as editor and publisher. He sold in No- vember to a syndicate composed of Nace Skiles, "Bill" Easley, Charles A. Crandall, Cash Whitney, Sam Petefish and others, and the paper was continued by Thomas M. Thompson, editor; J. J. Bimce, publisher; Charles A. Crandall, manager. After a few weeks the syndicate sold to W. T. Dowdall; William T. Dowdall and Company became publishers and Forrest H. Mitchell manager in January, 1876. R. E. Lauren succeeded Mitchell in September. Dowdall sold to John Frank, March 23, 1877, and J. M. Beatty became editor for a short time. Frank left in September, 1882; R. H. Norfolk was editor until March 29, 1884; then J. M. Beatty imtil November 15, i8go, when he sold to Charles A. and William A. Schaffer. The last named dropped out in April, 1891; in September 26, 1891, Charles A. Schaffer sold to Finis E. Downing. He was succeed- ed by his son H. F. Downing, September 7, 1899, who was edi- tor and publisher until March 2, 1903, when Downing and Al- bert E. Hinners became editors and publishers. Democratic. A daily was started September 23, 1881, but continued three days only. ' Temperance Bugle, July, 1876-February 27, 1879: Established by Albert F. Smith as a monthly. After eight numbers it was issued semi-monthly, December i, 1876-August i, 1878, then weekly. Harper's Weekly Herald, May 21, 1878-1879: Established by J. Sterling (otherwise John S.) Harper "as an. advertising sheet especially, and a political feeler in general." Moved away in the summer of 1879. 348 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS WALNUT, BUREAU COUNTY Motor, July, 1876, to date (1898): Established by S. J. Townsend. In 1879 Vosbiirgh and Chaddock were editors and publishers. John I. Vosburgh was editor and publisher in 1880; in 1882, C. G. Glenn. In 1883 the paper passed into the hands of William Wilson, who was still conducting it in 1891 ; W. S. Mayhall in 1895-1898. Files of Motor were burned in July, 1890. Independent. WARREN, JO DAVIESS COUNTY Republican, 1856-1857: Published one year by C. W. Blaisdell. Favored Fremont's nomination in i860. Independent, 1857-1866: Started by Freeman A. Tisdell, Sr., and Thomas E. Champion; George A. Randall, editor. After several changes Herst C. Gann became editor and proprietor. Changed to Sentinel, +1866 to date: Herst C. Gann continued as editor and publisher. In 1900 the paper joined with the Leader to become the Sentinel-Leader. The Sentinel-Leader Printing Company, Herst C. Gann, president, are the present editors and publishers. A Republican paper. Files are in the office. WARSAW, HANCOCK COUNTY Western World, 1840-1841 + : Edited by D. N. White. Whig. Changed to Signal, +1841-1843: Edited by T. C. Sharp. Whig. In 1843 the office came into the possession of Thomas Gregg and William Y. Patch, and they issued the LE Message, + January, 1 843-1 844 + : A Whig paper. In 1844 the office and material reverted to Mr. Sharp, who, sometimes alone and sometimes with a partiier, published the LF Signal, +1844-1847+ : Sharp and Galloway, 1845; Gregg and Miller, 1847-1850. In 1850 it was sold to James McKee, of the Nauvoo Patriot, and he established the Warsaw HL Commercial Journal, +1850-1853+ : Mr. McKee sold it to Dr. Rankin and he removed it to La Harpe, where it was knovm as the Hancock Democrat, (which see.) In 1851 Mr. Gregg pro- cured an old press and some material and revived the Signal, +1851-1853+: In 1853 it was sold to T. C. Sharp and its name was changed to the L Express, +1853-1855: Issued weekly and edited by T. C. Sharp. He sold it to G. G. Galloway. WASHINGTON, TAZEWELL COUNTY 349 Hancock Democrat, 1844, four issues: Printed at the office of the Signal for Mr. E. A. Bedell. Its purpose was to advocate the claims of Jacob C. Davis for Congress, but he failing of the nomination, the paper was discontinued. L Temperance Crusader, 1854: Appeared monthly. Published at Express office by Mr. Gregg. In a few months it reached a circulation of 1700 copies, mainly through the agency of the Sons of Temperance. It came to an end by being merged with a similar sheet published in Chicago. City Bulletin, March 21, 1856 to date: For the first few numbers entitled Bulletin. Its editor was W. K. Davison. He entered the army, leaving the paper in charge of John F. Howe, who in 1863 allowed it to die. In 1866 it was revived as the Bidletin by F. A. Dallam, who was succeeded by his son, Frank M. Dallam. The latter was editor and publisher in 1869. In 1879 another son, Phil Dallam, was editor and publisher, and has so continued. For a short time under Davison the paper was issued as a daily. A Republican paper. ULF Hancock New Era, April, 1864-1865: Conducted by Thomas C. Sharp in the interest of the Union Leagues of the county. L Public Record, 1865-1867+ : Established by a Mr. Lick, who in 1867 was succeeded by Francis Asbury Dallam. He soon changed the name to Hancock Democrat, +1867-1879: Established by J. M. Faris. Bought by George P. Walker and Cortez Maxwell. Walker retired after a few months, and Maxwell discontinued the paper in 1879. L Courier, 1871-1874: Established by Theo. Bischof. Printed at the office of the Keokuk Post. WASHBURN, WOODFORD COUNTY Reveille, 1872 to date (1884): In 1879 N. V. Maloney was editor. The publishers were the Reveille Publishing Company. Ma- loney's name does not appear in 1884. The paper was printed at the office of the Sparland Chronicle. Republican. Sentinel, 1876 to date (1891): Power and Harl were editors and publishers, 1877-1879; E. R. Harl, 1880 to the end. A Demo- cratic paper, printed at the office of the Metamora Woodford WASHINGTON, TAZEWELL COUNTY Investigator, 1857-about i860: Established by Dr. A. A. Couch and Albert Parker. Some of the files are in possession of Mrs. J. F. Hoover of Peoria, a daughter of Dr. Couch. F 350 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Herald, July, 1868 (after 1891): Established by Thomas Hand- saker, and conducted by him until his death in 1881. Nuding and Nicolai bought the paper at that time and sold to Mr. Henny. A. H. Heiple bought from Henny and consolidated the Herald with the Republican between 1891 and 1895. Independent. Files destroyed. Tazewell Independent, November, 1876, to date: Established by H. A. Pilaster and George N. Bondurant. Bondurant soon sold out. E. E. Heiple became part owner and later sole owner and editor. Afterward he turned it over to his son, A. H. Heiple, who conducted it under the name Independent, then Republican, and later News, until 1901, when he sold to F. B. Mills; he to C. M. Ritter and Ralph E. Kirby in 1908. February 15, 1909, Ritter sold his interest to Ralph E. Kirby, who is now editor and proprietor. Partial files in News ofiSce. WATERLOO, MONROE COUNTY Independent Democrat, 1843-1845+: Edited by Elam Rust. Changed to War Eagle, +i 845-1 847 (?): A Democratic paper, also edited by Elam Rust. Listed in 1847 ^^ still published. Patriot, 1852-1858: A Democratic paper edited by a Mr. Abbott Its publication was suspended a short time in 1857-1858. In 1856 Abbott sold to H. C. Talbott and it was consolidated for a time with the F Monroe Advertiser, 1851-1856: Edited by H. C. Talbott. Pub- lication of the Advertiser was soon stopped, but that of the Patriot was continued. Several copies owned by Mrs. Fannie I. Ballard, Chester, 111. Monroe Democrat, 1856: Edited by William Keelman and man- aged by H. C. Talbott for a company. German. Advocate, 1858-1890-I- : The editors, in turn, for a joint stock com- pany were James Sennott, James A. Kennedy, Mr. Weedin, J. C. Goethe, J. F. Gotshall, 1862-1875. In 1875 Mr. Gotshall purchased the stock of the company, and was still editor and publisher in 1879. A Democratic paper in 1879; Independent- Democratic in 1881. It is listed in Ayer in 1881 as Dollar Advocate. It was succeeded by the Republican in January, 1890. H. C. Voris was editor and publisher of the Republican in 1907. Files of the Advocate are in the Republican office. Monroe Democrat, 1868: Edited and published by Julius Von Reichenstein. Seven numbers were issued, then it was sus- pended. German. WATSEKA, IROQUOIS COUNTY 351 Times, 1872 to date: Established by R. F. Brown. In 1873 it was purchased by Alfred Ferguson and C. F. Vangorder. In 1874 Ferguson sold his interest to R. T. Melvill. In 1885 Melvill retired and Vangorder continued sole proprietor until 1876, when he failed. The oflSce passed into the possession of the Kellogg Newspaper Company of St. Louis. They placed a roan in charge, but after a short time sold the paper to a joint company with Vangorder as editor and manager. He was succeeded by Peter W. Baker, who conducted the paper for three years. Then Henry Talbott took charge for a short time. In 1880 George E. Jahn succeeded Mr. Talbott, and was succeeded by J. A. Krepps. In 1907 Nelson A. Rickert was editor and publisher. A Demo- cratic paper. WATERMAN, DeKALB COUNTY Free Press, 1873-1876: H. F. Bloodgood was editor and pub- lisher. Printed at the office of the Sandwich Free Press. Leader, 1878 to date: An edition of the Hinckley Review. WATSEKA, IROQUOIS COUNTY MiDDLEPORT Press, 1854-1856: Files are in possession of L. F. Watson of Watseka. Iroquois Republican, 1856-187 2: Published and edited by Joseph Graham, 1856: Franklin Blades, 1856-1860. (See Iroquois Republican, Middleport.) In 1869, Z. Beatty was editor and publisher. The paper was changed to the Watseka Republican, 1872 to date: Published by Z. Beatty until April, 1873; Alexander L. Whitehall and Elmer Brimhall, April, 1873- August, 1876; Elmer Brimhall, August, 1876-August, 1877; Lorenzo Watson and H. A. Jerauld, August i, 1877-October I, 1878; Lorenzo F. Watson was in 1880 sole proprietor and publisher, and has been so since October i, 1878. In 1907 B. F. Shankland was editor; the Watseka Republican Company, publishers. Files are in the office except for 1859-1867. U Iroquois County Herald, October, +1867-1869: Established at Middleport about October i, 1865; moved to Watseka about February i, 1867 ; edited by Charles Jouvenat from a date some time after the removal until the spring of 1869, when the Herald ceased to exist. Iroquois Times, +May, i87i-i875(?)-f-: Originally the Onarga Times; moved to Watseka in 1871. December, 1872, the office was sold to Colonel M. H. Peters, who edited the paper from January, 1872, to June 5, 1874. From this date till August, 1875, 352 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Otto H. Wangelin was in control. He sold to Auguste Langellier, August, 1875. Under the latter's management, the name was changed to the Iroquois County Times, +i875(?) to date: The change of name occurred some time between August, 1875, and July i, i878(?). At the later date. Colonel M. H. Peters again purchased the office, and in 1891 was still sole editor and proprietor. Edwin Beard was editor in 1895. Orginally Independent-Republican, the Times was later Independent and supported the Greenback party, and still later was Democratic. By 1907 the Times had been united with the Democrat and the Iroquois County Times- Democrat was being edited and published by Matthew P. Kelly. H WAUKEGAN, LAKE COUNTY Little Fort Porcupine and Democratic Banner, 1845-1847: Fuller; edited by A. B. Wynkoop. It was the first paper pub- lished in Lake County. Files are owned by the Gazette. (See Little Fort.) H Laze County Herald, i 845-1 846: Edited by N. P. and S. M. Dowst. Whig. Lake County Visiter, 1847 ( ?) : (See Little Fort.) H Lake County Chronicle, 1847-1855+ : Published by W. H. H. Tobey and Company and edited by A. C. Tobey; merged in 1855 with Freeman's Advocate. The new paper was called the Chronicle and Advocate, later the Independent Democrat. F Free Democrat, August i, 1849-February i, 1850: John Hender- son, publisher, and N. W. Fuller, editor. Cody's Advertiser, 1849 (?). N Gazette, October, 1850 to date: Nathan C. Geer was pub- lisher, 1850-1858; James Y. Cory, editor and publisher, 1858-1871; Rev. A. K. Fox and C. A. Partridge, 1871; C. A. and H. E. Partridge, 1871-1885; Reuben W. Coon, 1885-1897. Frank H. Hall succeeded Coon in 1897; and the same year, the Gazette having absorbed the Daily and Weekly Register, the com- bined interests were acquired by DeKay Brothers. Under the name of the Gazette Publishing Company, they published the paper till July 7, 1899. From that date until 1902 or after the stock was in other hands and W. L. Farmer was editor. In 1907 W. J. Smith was editor; the Gazette Publishing Company were publishers. Established as a Republican weekly. Since 1902 there has been a daily edition. There had been a daily edition for a few weeks in 1854 and a semi- weekly edition for a short time. Files are complete in office. EUF WAVERLY, MORGAN COUNTY 353 Freeman's Advocate, February 3, 1854-1855+: Established by John Gentzel. In about a year it was sold to S. I. Bradbury and E. S. Ingalls, who at the same time purchased the Lake County Chronicle. They were combined under the name of the F Chronicle and Advocate, +1855+: Which was afterward changed to Independent Democrat, +1855-1857: Still edited by Messrs. Bradbury and Ingalls. Upon the suspension of publication at the beginning of 1857, the subscription list was sold to the Gazette. Northwestern Orient, 1856+ : Published by J. H. Brimdage and edited by J. C. Smith and Ira Porter. March, 1856, the Rockford Spirit Advocate was united with the Orient, the head- quarters remaining at Waukegan. It was succeeded by the Northwestern Excelsior, +i856-i859(?): Published and edited for a few months by Ira Porter and J C. Smith ; by Pooler and Kribs in 1858. A Spiritualist paper. F Lake County Democrat, 1857-1861: Established by Samuel I. Bradbury, editor; continued to June, 1861, when it was sus- pended. Its publication was resumed in 1866 by Mr. Bradbury, under the title of Lake County Patriot, 1866-1897-I- : Mr. Bradbury was still editor and publisher in 1869. George W. Blair, editor, 1878- 1882 ; Dewitt H. Bradbury, followed by Samuel H. Bradbury, 1882-1897. In 1897 consolidated with the Waukegan DaUy and Weekly Sun, A. K. Steams, editor and publisher. Lake County Citizen, January, 1859-1860: Published one year by Fuller and Bailey. This is the same Fuller who was previ- ously connected with the Visiter and with the Porcupine. Lake County Tidings, 1879 (?)+: Published for three months in 1879 by J. W. Green, then by John A. Avery, who changed the name to ' Lake County Republican, + 1879-1883 : Published by John A. Avery; in 1883, absorbed by the Gazette. WAVERLY, MORGAN COUNTY Gazette, 1869-1870: Established by M. J. Abbott and W. D. Pemberton. In a few months Mr. Abbott bought Mr. Pember- ton's interest. In 1870 the paper was sold to Richard Ballenger who removed the press to Virden. In 1872 John H. Goldsmith purchased it and brought it back to Waverly, when he changed the name to. Times, 1872-1874: Established by John H. Goldsmith. After six months it was suspended for nine months. Mr. Goldsmith then 354 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS resuscitated the paper, but in three months it was again sus- pended. In 1874 W. T. Lakin purchased the material and pub- lished fifty-two numbers. It was then again suspended. In 1876 R. V. Mallory bought the office and started the Morgan County Journal, 1876 to date: Established by R. V. Mallory. In 1876 Milton M. Meacham purchased a half in- terest and came into full possession in 1877. In 1879 Mr. Mal- lory was editor and Mr. Meacham publisher. Milton M. Meach- am was editor in 1882-1884; Frederick B. Ritchie, 1891 till after 1895. John H. Goldsmith was a later editor. At some time previous to 1907 the Journal was consolidated with the Enter- prise. The Journal-Enterprise was edited in 1907 by B. Rein- bach and published by the Waverly Journal Company (Inc.). Independent in politics. Temperance Banner, 1874-1875: Established by Lakin and Palmer. WAYNE, DuPAGE COUNTY Central News, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenny's American Newspaper Directory for 186 1. WENONA, MARSHALL COUNTY Sentinel, 1864-1865 : Published for one year by L. B. Barnes. News^Jndex, February, i865-i87o(?)-|- : Established by Grable and Crosby. In August, 1865, Mr. Grable was sole owner one week; August, 1865-February, 1867, Mr. Crosby; Febru- ary, 1867-June, 1868, William Parker; June, 1868-Jtme, 1870, William Parker and Cadet Taylor; June, 1870 (?). Mr. Taylor who changed the name to the lNDEX,-|-i87o(?)-July, 1908: Cadet Taylor, Taylor Brothers. (Cadet and W. B.), and H. L. Taylor were successively editors dnd publishers. Independent within Republican limits. Our Boys' Intellect, 1869: An amateur paper published and printed by Charles S. Diehl, now of the Associated Press. Tribune, 1875: Established by Mr. Burroughs, who discontinued it after three months. WEST CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY Union Park Advocate, 1872-1874: Charles E. Crandall was editor and publisher. An advertising sheet. U WESTFIELD, CLARK COUNTY Index, 1877 to date (1879): In 1879 G. L. Watson was editor and publisher. Independent. WHITE HALL, GREENE COUNTY 355 Pantagraph, 1879 to date (1884): M. R. Bair was editor and pub- lisher, 1880; S. W. Zeller, 1882; U. P. Shull, 1884. An Inde- pendent paper. H WESTON, McLEAN COUNTY Monitor, 1873-1S74: John Pnd Bovard were editors and pub- lishers, 1874; Bovard Brothers, 1875. Gazette, 1876 to date (1879): C. W. Stickney was editor and pub- lisher in 1879. The paper was printed at the oflBce of the Chenoa Gazette. WHEATON, DuPAGE COUNTY DuPage County Gazette, June, 1856-1857: Edited by L. E. De Wolf and J. A. J. Birdsall. F Flag, i857-i86o(?): Established by Nathaniel H. Lewis. Burned out about i860. Northern Ilunoian, 1859 (i86i?)-i87o-|- : Established by Henry C. Childs. In 1862-1864 Benjamin F. Taylor was literary editor. In 1867 Childs sold to John A. Whitlock, who sold in 1870 to J. Russell Smith. It was a Republican paper. Smith changed the name to E Ilunoian, +1870 to date: Republican, still conducted in 1882 by J. Russell Smith. Newton E. Matter purchased the Illinoian February 18, 1889, and was publisher until February 20, 1909. He then sold the office to C. H. Plummer. College Record, 1875 to date (1881): Monthly, issued during the college year. In 1879 John D. Nutting was editor; Literary Union of Wheaton College, publishers. Beobachter (or DuPage County Zeitungf), 1878-1880: A German paper dated at Wheaton and Chicago, edited and published by Paul GelefE. Christian Cynosure: See Chicago. WHITE HALL, GREENE COUNTY Register, 1869 to date: Established and published by I. H. Davis and F. Glossop. In three months Glossop retired. In 1870 Davis sold out to Charles H. Johnson. In 1875 the White Hall Register Company, with Henry Johnson as president, and Charles H. Johnson as secretary and treasurer, took charge. In 1882 Fletcher Cain became editor and proprietor. In 1883 the paper passed into the hands of Palmer and Roberts, and the offices were changed to Roodhouse. In 1884 Mr. Palmer retired and in that year the office was returned to White Hall. Three months later the office and contents were destroyed by fire, but the 3S6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS paper did not miss an issue, being printed in the office of the Carrollton Gazette until 1885. In 1885 Mr. Owings was partner for a short time. W. J. Roberts became proprietor. Harry E. Bell was editor and publisher in 1907. In 1881 the Register was printing editions under the names of Locomotive, Greenfield; Express, Kane; and Signal, Roodhouse, all in Greene county. Democratic. Green County Democrat, 1875-1877: In 1875-1876 C. M. Tucker was editor, James Smith publisher; a year later John M. Faris was editor and publisher. Republican, 1877 to date: Established by E. J. Pearce and C. L. Clapp; published on the press of the Carrollton Patriot, of which Mr. Clapp was editor. In May, 1883, Clapp retired, and Cap- tain Pearce became sole proprietor. He bought the White Hall Tribune, (established 1882), which he consolidated with the Republican, thereby becoming able to print his journal at home. In September, 1884, Captain Pearce began the Evening Re- publican, and both papers remained under his management continuously until his death in April, 1907. His children have conducted the paper since that date with R. B. Pearce as pub- lisher. The Republican is on file in the office. A part of the weekly edition was printed under the name of Scott County Arrow, Manchester, from 1879 to 1907, with E. J. Pearce as publisher. WILMINGTON, WILL COUNTY Herald, i8s4-i856(?): Established by D. H. Berdine, owned by a local stock company. After less than a year William H. Clark was put in charge. He moved the office later to Kendall county. F Independent, 1861-1873: A Republican paper, established by W. R. Steel; sold in 187 1 to Alexander Mcintosh. H.H.Parkinson leased it in 1872. It was discontinued in 1873. People's Advocate, June, 1870 to date: A Democratic paper, started by Jacob H. Warner. Edward D. Conley became part owner and chief editor in February, 1871, sole owner in May, 1872, and was still editor and publisher in 1884. Quirm and Company, 1891 and 1895; Don A. Spurr was editor in 1907 and Quinn and Odell, publishers. The paper was Independent in politics until past 1881. In 1907 it was Republican. In Rowell, 1879, and in Ayer, 1881 and 1907, this paper is listed as Advocate. Review, 1877 to date (1895): A. M. Stephenson was editor and publisher in 1882 and 1884; Stephenson and Stiles in 1891; J. H. Warner in 1895. Semi- weekly. Independent in politics. WINCHESTER, SCOTT COUNTY 357 Phoenix, 1877-1880: C. Hill Duck was editor and publisher. An Independent paper, published at the office of the Joliet Phcenix. WINCHESTER, SCOTT COUNTY Voice of Truth, (?) (?): A Baptist publication edited by Alvin Bailey at some time in 1838-1843. Battle Axe, November 23, 1 841-1843 : Removed from Exeter by James M. Ruggles and continued by him until June or July, 1843. In the number for June 10, he announced that about July I he would begin the publication of People's Oracle, but apparently he established instead the Republican, December 14, i844-(?): James M. Ruggles was owner; Knapp and Ruggles were editors. A Illinois Valley Register, ( ?) ( ?) : Published by a Mr. Ellis, probably about 1850. Western Unionist, 1851 to after 1858: A Republican paper which ardently supported Lincoln. It was established by T. H. Ellis; probably he sold to R. D. Dedman, who was editor and pub- lisher on September 18, 1858. S Democrat, October 7, 1859-1867+: Edited by W. W. Chapman and A. D. Davies; published by W. W. Chapman. In the number of Jime 7, 1862, R. D. Dedman's name appeared as editor and proprietor. Under Chapman the paper was Demo- cratic; under Dedman, Republican. In 1867 Dedman sold to William T. Collins, who changed the name to Scott County Union, -I-1867-1870: Conducted first as a Repub- lican, then as an Independent organ by William T. Collins, who discontinued it in 1870 and sold the plant to T. H. Flynn, who established the Independent. Scott County News, July, i860 (?) : " A rabid partisan sheet" brought out just before the Civil War, by C. J. Sellan, who was major of the 28th Illinois Infantry, August 22, 1 861 -January 8, 1862. A Herald, ( ?) ( ?) : A Democratic paper established by John J. Bunce toward the close of the Civil War. It was after a time edited by Frank Glossop. Short-lived. Times, September 14, 1865, to date: Established by A. A. Wheelock, who conducted it until after 1870. Milton and Moyer, and Wheelock and Moyer were subsequent editors and publishers. Then Wheeler alone continued it until May, 1884, when he sold to Charles Crisp, and the paper was conducted by Crisp and A. W. Tibbetts. Crisp sold in 1885 to Tibbetts and Rogers; Tib- betts retired in March, 1886, and soon afterward the paper 358 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS reverted to Crisp. G. W. Dixon and T. H. Devine took charge of the plant and conducted the Times until fall, when Crisp again assumed control. W. A. Heazlitt was made manager and J. C. Balsley editor. P. R. Nelson bought the Times October 15, 1887, and has conducted it ever since. Democratic. Star, November 12, 1869-1870: A short-lived Republican paper run by D. Leib Ambrose. Independent, September 3, 1870-1882: Established by T. H. Flynn, with John Moses as editor. S. M. Moses was editor and publisher in 1880: T. H. Flynn, 1882. It was Greenback in politics — listed in Ayer for 1881 as Liberal Democrat. The paper was discontinued about 1882 and the plant was sold to George H. Palmer and Son, of the Standard. Scott County Arrow, 1878-1879+ : A Republican paper at first published by Pearce and Clapp. It was issued from Winchester for one year, then from Manchester until 1908. After 1883 E. J. Pearce was publisher. Successive Winchester editors were Albert Chapman, Thomas H. Devine, J. C. Balsley, D. T. Smith and Henry Higgins. WINDSOR, SHELBY COUNTY Sentinel, 1876-1877+: Started by A. M. Anderson May, 1876. In January, 1877, the plant was taken to Paris. Two months later Anderson started another paper and called it the Dollar Sentinel, 1877-1879: Under the editorship of A. M. Anderson it had a fitful existence for two years when the plant was removed to Shelbyville. Gazette, 1878 to date: Edited by Warden Brothers, 1878; J. L. Warden, 1878-1889; Charles and Thomas Miner, 1889: W. E. McCormick, 1890; Bart Grider, 1891, and H. S. Lilly and G. E. Dunscomb, 1891 to date. WOODFORD, WOODFORD COUNTY Sentinel, 1854 (?). WOODHULL, HENRY COUNTY Reporter, December, 1875-1876+ : Established by Magner and Carlin. After a year sold to J. J. McHose, who changed the name to Enterprise, + December, 1877-1880: Edited by J. J. McHose and R. H.Magner. C. C. Carlin was editor and publisher in 1879 and 1880. WOODSTOCK, McHENRY COUNTY 359 Dispatch, 1879 to date : Edited and published by Kale and Porter, 1879-1882 : M. A. Chesley, and later Chesley and B. J. Dunlap, 1882-1896; C. L. Burgess and W. W. White, 1897-fall of 1899; White and W. A. Olson, fall of 1899- July, 1900; Olson and A. A. Mackey, July, 1900-1906; Olson and E. N. Stephenson, 1906 and after; Olson and G. E. Swanson since March i, 1909. A local Independent paper. A part of the edition was being printed in 1907, under the same name for Oneida. The Oneida edition has since been discontinued. WOODSTOCK, McHENRY COUNTY Illinois Repubijcan, 1846-1856: Edited by Josiah Dwight. After several suspensions and changes of name it became the Sentinel. In 1854 it bore the name of the Repijblican Free Press, March 8, 1854-1855: The material became the property of the owners of the Argus. F Democrat, 1849-1856, 1858-1859, 1860-1862: Edited by E. D. Austin. Its publication was suspended a few months in 1859. James L. Martin was owner and editor, 1 860-1 862. F Argus, 1856-1857: Edited by E. W. Smith and M. L. Joslyn. Democrat. Mr. Edson was owner when its publication ceased. Sentinel, 1856 to date: Josiah Dwight was editor, 1856-1858. Later editors were: A. E. and W. E. Smith, 1858-1866; F. M. Sapp and G. B. Richardson, 1866-1869: William E. Smith, 1869- 1872; G. S. Southworth, 1872-1879; Mr. Southworth and E. F. Glennon, 1879-1891. C. A. Lemmers was editor from 1891 to 1902, the Woodstock Sentinel Company (Inc.) being publishers. During this time L. T. Hoy was president and manager. From 1902 to 1906 W. W. Chandler was manager, Mr. Hoy continuing as president. January i, 1906, Charles F. Renich became editor and manager, and still continues as such, with the Woodstock Sentinel Company as publishers. At first G. L. Webb and T. F. Johnson were proprietors, and they probably edited it themselves for a brief period before Mr. Dwight was given charge of that work. In 1857 it became the property of F. W. Franks and Son, with Mr. Dwight still editor. It was not until the advent of Messrs. Smith that local news began to be a feature of the paper. It has advocated Republican principles. There are complete files in the office. McHenry County Union, 1861-1862 : Owned by J. H. Hodder. It was published one year, and was then sold to the Sentinel. Citizen, 1873 : It did not live a year. 36o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Anti-Monopolist, 1873 : Published by the Franklin Printing and Publishing Company of Chicago. W. D. Ringland was business manager. It was a Grange paper. New Era, 1873-1880: Established by Ringland and Price. In 1874 W. D. Ringland became sole proprietor. The paper was an organ of the Grange movement, embracing first Greenback, and then Republican doctrines. It was moved to Elgin in 1880. Ringland and Cumins owned it, 1879-1880. McHenry County Democrat, 1877-1902: Established by A. R. Bradbury, who issued a few numbers. In 1877 the paper was re-established with John A. and M. C. Dufield as proprietors. In 1882 M. C. Dufield retired. C. A. Lemmers was local editor, 1 883-1 890. In October, 1902, this paper was succeeded by Republican, with C. A. Lemmers, editor and manager, and the McHenry County Republican Company, owners. Republican in politics after 1902. Files complete are in possession of the Republican. WYOMING, STARK COUNTY CiHEr, 1867-1871: A paper issued from the office of the Toulon Prairie Chief, with B. W. Seaton as editor and publisher. Post, August 1872, to date: Established by E. H. Phelps, who pub- lished the paper imtil 1876, when he sold to J. D. Gilchrist; Gilchrist sold to R. P. Chaddock, 1879; Chaddock in 1880 to William R. Sandham, who in 1885 bought the Herald and combined the two as Post-Herald. Sandham sold to J. M. Newton and W. E. Nixon in 1889; Newton sold to Nixon in August, 1895. Harrison Thomas bought a half interest in January i, 1904. These owners sold to William G. and Glad- stone Moore (Moore and Son), who have continued the paper. Republican, but not actively partisan. Stark County Bee, 1875-1877: Published by M. M. Monteith. Independent Republican. U YATES CITY, KNOX COUNTY ^^ Herald, 1864-1870: In 1869 and 1870 J. S. Foster was editor and publisher. In 1870 the paper was combined with Elmwood Chronicle and issued as Chronicle and Herald by O. F. Wood- cock and Company. East Knox News, 1876: A short-lived paper issued by A. M. Swain. Industrial Banner, December 25, 1879, to date: Established by A. H. McKeighan, who bought the Ipava Independent and moved it to Yates City, changing the name to Industrial Banner. YOUNG AMERICA, WARREN COUNTY 361 In 1892 W. A. McKeighan again took charge of the paper and is the present owner and editor. Files are in the office. Listed in Ayer, 1881, as a Greenback paper. Now Independent in politics. YORKVILLE, KENDALL COUNTY Kendall County Record, 1864 to date: John R. Marshall was editor and publisher in 1869, and seems to have continued in that position ever since. A Republican paper. In 1881 an edition was issued under the name of Mirror, for Piano. News, 1872-1877 : R. M. and Callie D. M. Springer were editors and publishers imtil 1877, when James H. Ferris and Frank H. Hall were publishers. The paper was that year moved to Piano. Independent. YOUNG AMERICA, WARREN "COUNTY News, 1868 to date (1869): Reed and Clark were editors and pub- lishers. A Republican paper. Plaindealer, 1870-1871: Edited by Judson Graves. In Rowell for 1871 and 1872 the date of establishment was given as 1852. A Republican paper. ADDITIONS BELLVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTY The St. Clair Tribune, on April 24, 1857 became the Belleville Tribune. A file of this paper, v. 3, no. 25-v. 4, no. 21 ; August 2, 1856-July 3, 1857 is in the St. Clair County Court House, BeUeville. Great Western: A file of v. i, complete, is in the St. Clair County Court House, Belleville. CANTON, FULTON COUNTY Herald, 1837-1838: This paper was edited by Gideon B. Perry and published by Ptolemy Stone. In 1838 its name was changed to FuLTONiAN, 1838-1840: This title was changed in 1840 to Western Telegraph, and modified to Fulton Telegraph in 1841. CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY Evening Star, August, 1861 (?): An "Independent" paper antagonistic to the federal administration, and to nearly everything in general. A. C. EUithorpe and Company were publishers. V. i, no. 32, 37; September 25, October 2, 1861, in Chicago Historical Society Library. Guyer's Progressive Age and Chicago Pathfinder, Septem- ber, 1859 (?): Edited by Isaac D. Guyer and circulated gratuitously. Monthly. V. i, no. 2, October, 1859, in Chicago Historical Society Library. Musical Independent, November, 1868 (?): Edited by W. S. B. Matthews; published by Lyon and Healy. V. i, no. 2, December, 1868, in Chicago Historical Society Library. DANVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTY Prairie State, i856(?): One of the papers which signed the call for the Republican convention of 1856. DELAVAN, TAZEWELL COUNTY Times, September, 1874-1893 + : Established by Joe F. Reed, who later sold to A. C. Boyd and Oscar Singley. Singley soon withdrew, and Boyd, soon after 1880, sold to Guy Beatty and 361a 36ib ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Samuel Newman. Beatty afterward bought the interest of his partner, and in 1890 sold an interest to Starr H. Beatty. Beatty Brothers conducted the Times until 1893, when Guy Beatty retired. Starr H. Beatty has been editor and publisher since that time. In 1893 the Times absorbed the Tazewell County Press (established by Joe F. Reed in 1889) and the title of the combined papers became Times-Press. Republican. FREEPORT, STEPHENSON COUNTY State Grange News: The ofladal organ of the State Grange of Illinois, edited and published by J. M. Chambers about 1874. OQUAWKA, HENDERSON COUNTY Republican, i8s6(?): One of the papers which signed the call for a Republican convention in 1856. SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY Illinois State Register: A file running from 1838, when the paper was published at Vandalia, to 1855, is in the Sangamon County Court House, Springfield. Independent Reformer, 1874: A campaign paper published in the interest of the Independent, or Farmer's party. TILTON Prairie Chicken, 1864 (?): Volume one of a paper bearing this title is catalogued in the New York Public Library, but repeated attempts failed to discover the paper. VERMONT, FULTON COUNTY Fultonian, i8s6(?): No mention of this paper is found except that it was a signer of the call for the Decatur convention in 1856. There are contemporary newspaper references to it. Mr. George L. Durell of Vermont owns several copies. A LIST OF ILLINOIS NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS IN ILLINOIS LIBRARIES ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY TOWNS To which are added lists of Illinois Newspapers and Periodicals in the Library of Congress, the Library of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, the Mercan- tile Library, St. Louis, the Library of the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass., and others. ILLINOIS NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS IN ILLINOIS LIBRARIES ABINGDON Hedding College Library. No files Public Library. No report ALTON Jennie D. Hayner Library Associa- tion Library Daily Telegraph: January 3, 1853- i8S4 Morning Courier: January i, 1855-1856 ALTONA Ransom Library. No report ARCOLA Public Library. No report AURORA Public Library Beacon: Broken set Democrat: Nos. i, 2, 3, August 6-20 Express: Broken set Guardian: Five volumes Herald: Broken set Nems (d): Broken set Republican: Broken set Republican Union: Broken set BARRY Public Library. No report BATAVIA Public Library. No files BELLEVILLE Public Library Advocate: 1840-1869; 29 vols. Democrat: 1858-1870; r3 vols. Despatch: March 7, 1861-August 3, 1861 Illinois Republican: 1849-1852 St. Clair Banner: 1844- June zo, 1846 St. Clair Tribune: February, 1854- 1857 Volksblatt: 1856-1857 Zeitung: 1 849-1 860 BELVIDERE Ida Public Library. No files BEMENT Woman's Club Library. No files BLOOMINGTON Illinois Wesleyan University Library . No files Withers Public Library BLOOMINGTON Democratic News: v. i, no. 2-52 ; v. 2, no. 1-52; January 1,1877- December 28, 1877; January 4, 1878-December 27, 1878 Intelligencer: January 14, 1852- November 16, 1853 Leader (d and w) : Complete file, November 15, 1868-May 1899 Observer and McLean County Advocate: Single number, January 13, 1838 Pantagraph (w): December 7, 1853- January 10, 1855 Western Whig: v. 2, 1848; August 5, January T3, February ro, May ig, July 21, 28, August 18, 25, September 8, 15, 22; v. 4, 1850: January 15, 29, April 13, June 29, July 13, 30, August 3, Septem- ber 7, 21; V. 5, 1850: Novem- ber 2, 27-November 19, 185 r Springfield Illinois Journal: v. 14, no. 177- 250; January 8, 1862- April 3, 1862 State Register (tri-w): June 12, 1847-September 3, 1847 Teemont Tazewell Whig: v. 3, no. 33; February 13, 1847; v. 4, no. 31; February 11, 1848 McLean County Historical Society Library Pantagraph (w) : v. 10, 1855-1856; V. II, 1856-1857; V. 12, 1857- 1858; also 1899-1907 Pantagraph {d): 1869-187611878- 1882; 1886-1887; 1894-I- Illinois Statesman: v. 1-5; 1859- 1863 3(>S 366 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS BLOOMINGTON — continued McLean County Historical Society Library Weekly National Flag: v. i, 2; June 29, i85S-October 16, 1857 BLUE ISLAND Public Library. No files BOURBONNAIS St. Viateur's College Library. No files BRAIDWOOD Public Library. No files BUDA Library Association Library. No files BUNKER HILL Public Library. No report CAIRO Public Library Cairo Bulletin: July i, 1870-December 31, 1870; July I, 1871- I)ecember3i, 1871 City Item: v. i, no. i, September 30, 1865 Detnocrat: v. 5, no. 145; February 25, 1868; v. 5, no. 188; April 17, 1868 Evening Sun: v. 8, no. 172; October 21, 1872 Monday Leader: v. i, no. 4; April 17, 1865 Morning News: v. i:, no. 637 ; April 16, 1865 Times: v. 8, no. 172; October 21, 1872 Chicago Evening Journal: June 3, 1861 Record: v. 5, no. 23; March 1, 1862 ^ Kaskaskia Republican: v. i, no. 4; March 18, 1841 CAMBRIDGE Township Public Library. No report CANTON Parlin Library. No files CARBONDALE Library Association Library. No files Southern Illinois State Normal University. No files CARLINVILLE Blackburn University Library. No files CARPENTERSVILLE Literary and Library Association. No files CARTHAGE Carthage College Library. No files Free Public Library. No files CASEY Public Library. No report CENTRALIA Public Library and Reading Room. No files CHAMPAIGN Public Library Champaign Our Constitution: July 22, 1856- July 23, 1858 Chicago Western Monthly: v. 1-2; 1869 Uebana Union: June 2Z, i8s4-May 31, 1855 Vandalia Illinois Monthly Magazine: v. 1 ; October, 1830-September, 183 1 CHARLESTON Eastern Illinois Normal School Library. No files Public Library. No files CHESTER Tecumseh Library Association Library. No report CHICAGO Armour Institute of Technology Library. No files Chicago Normal School Library. No files Chicago Historical Society (H) Alton American (w): v. i, November 22, 1833- June 2, 1834 _ Courier, Daily Morning: v. i, 2; May 29, i8s2-May 31, 1854; V. 7, no. 1-313, June i, 1858- May 31, 1859 Courier, Weekly: v. i; June 4, i8S2-May 27, 1853 Democrat, Daily Evening: v. 6, no. 63, 66; September 27, 30, 186s Illinois Temperance Herald: v. 3, no. 9, February, 1839 Observer: v. 3, no. 37-v. 4, no. 4S; September 29, 1836-April 19, 1838 LIBRARY FILES 367 CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Alton Protestant Monitor: v. 3, no. 32, May 24, 1848 Spectator: v. 1-4; 183 2-1834; n. s. V. 1-3, 1835-1837 (inc.) Telegraph (w): v. i-is; January 20, 1836-December 27, 1850. Name changed April 3, 1841, to Alton Telegraph and Democratic Review Telegraph (tn-w): v. i, 2; Jan- uary I, 1851-May 22, 1852 Telegraph (d): v. 1-3; May 24, i8S2-May 17, 1855 Telegraph and Madison County Record (w): v. 18-20; January 7, 1853-May 18, i8ss Western Pioneer and Baptist Standard Bearer (w): n. s. v. i, no. I— V. 2, no. 50; June 30, i8s6-December 13, 1838 Alton (Upper) Truth Seeker (q): v. 1; 1845- 1846 Amboy Times: v. 5, no. 11; October 13, 1859 Arcola Record: v. 10, n. 25; February 26, 1876 Belleville Advocate (w): n. s. v. 5, no. 13; July II, 1844; V. 7, no. 22, September 24, 1846; v. 44, no. 36; June 9, 1882 Democrat (w): v. 1-3; 1858- 1860; 1858-1860 (odd numbers) Illinois Republican: v. x, no. 50; January 9, 1850 Representative and Belleville News: V. I, no. 22; January 20, 1838 Bloomington Western Jurist (m, w): v. i, May, 1874; V. 6, no. 52, April 28, 1 88 1. Changed to Monthly Jurist, then Weekly Jurist Schoolmaster (m): v. 3, no. 20-31; 1870. [Published at Chicago beginning with no. 26. Con- tinued as The Chicago School- master'] Cairo Democrat (d): v. 3, no. 25, 29; September 29, October 4, 1865 Carlyle Democrat (d) : v. 3, no. 18; July 4, 1857 Charleston Courier: v. 17, no. 16; February 4, 1857 Chicago Advance: v. i, no. 17 -|-; Decem- ber 26, 1867 + Aetna: v. 12, no. i; November 15, 1879 Alliance, Chicago: v. 1, no. i, v. 2, no. 54 (whole no. 106); Decem- ber 13, 1873-Deceraber 18, 1875. Continued as Alliance: v. 3, no. 7 {whole no. Ill); V. 8, no. 26 (whole no. 390) January 22, 1876-April 25, 1881 Amateur Mechanic (m): v. i, no. 1-2; July to August, 1877; V. 1, no. 7, January, 1878 American, Chicago: v. 1-7; May 8, 1835-October 19, 1842 American, Chicago Daily: v. 1-4; April 9, 1839-October 17, 1842 American Antiquarian: v. 1-8; 1878-1886. [Title of V. 4-8, American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal^ American Builder and Journal oj Art (m): v. 1-4; October 15, 1868-187 1 American Poultry Journal and Record: v. 6-9; 1877-1878 Am.usement World: n. s. v. i, no. 2; December 11, 1878 Argus: v. 15, no. 5; November, 1882 Art Journal (m) : v. 1-3 ; 1867-1870 Ashlar (m Masonic)': v. 3-4; 1857- 1859; V. 6, i860; V. 7, no. i; January 1861 Banking and Insurance Chronicle (w) : V. 2, no. 45 ; November 7 , 1867 Banner (w) : copy, 1885 Baptist Monthly (m): v. 2, no. i, 3-8, 10; [January-October, 1861] Better Covenant: v. 2, no. i-v. 3, no. 351; 1843-1844. [Published in Chicago beginning v. .i, no. 14; April 6, 1843] British American (m): v. i, no. i; October, 1864 Brown School Holiday Budget: v. I, no. I, 1866 368 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Chicago Bureau (m): v. i-v. 2, no. 3; Octo- ber, 1869-December, 1870; V. 2 no. 11; August, 187 1 ; v. 3, no. 4; Jaunary, 1872 Chapel Chronicle: v. i, no. i; September, 1878 Chicagoan: v. i, no. i, April 18, 1868 Christian Times: v. 12, no. 28; March 2, 1865 Christian Times and Witness: v. i , no. 23; February 2, 1854; v. 13, no. 17; December 21, 1865. [Title of V. 1, no. 23 is Christian Times. Continued as Standard^ Citizen's League (w) : v. i, no. 1-27 ; December 14, 1878- July 5, 1879 Cloud and the Bow: v. i, no. 2; July 21, 1858 Commercial Advertiser, Chicago (w): V. I, no. 33; September 15. 1847; V. 2, no. 32; September 6, 1848; V. 3, no. 16, 20, 32, 35, 36, 39, 47-May 16, June 13, Septem- ber 5, 26, October 3, 24, Decem- ber 19, 1849; V. 4, no. 9, 10, 14, 18, 20, 26-March 27, April 3, 30, May 29, June ig August 17, 1850 Courier, Daily Chicago: v. i, no. i; January i, 1874 Democrat, Chicago (w): v. i, no. i-v. 25; 1833-1861 [incomplete] Democrat, Daily Chicago: v. 20; September 18, 21, 24, 28, October I, s, i860 Democrat, Morning Chicago: v. i, no. 4; February 27, 1840 Democrat, Sunday: v. i, no. 5; July 3, 1870 Democratic Press (d): v. 1-12; 1852-1858 Drew's College Journal (m): v. i, no. I ; September, 1876 Druggist and Paint and Oil Review (m); V. I, no. i; October, 1879 Dunton's Spirit of the Turf: v. i, no. I ; October 18, 1876 Emery's Journal of Agriculture and the Prairie Farmer (w): v. 2; 1858. [Continued as The Prairie Farmer] Exposition Daily Press: v. 2, no. 16; September 21, 1878 Exposition Pictorial Advertiser: v. 1, no. 3, 9; 1873 Fair Play (w): v. 6, no. i, 10; December 10, 1881; February II, 1882 Faith's Record (w) : v. 6, nos. 8-12; August-December, 1876; v. 7-9; 1877-1879; V. 11-12; 1881-1882 Farmers' Review (w) : v. 4, 1880 Fashion Courier, Chicago: October 1878 Field, Chicago: v. 5-6; February 19, 1876-February 10, 1877; V. 12-15; August 16, 1879-June 25, 1881. [Title of earlier vs. was Field and Stream. Continued as American Field] Field and Stream (w): v. 3, 4; February 20, 1875-February 12, 1876. [Continued as Chicago Field] Free West (w) : v . 1-3 ; Decem- ber 1, 1853- July 19, 1855. [Con- tinues Western Citizen] Gem of the Prairie (w); v. i; May, 1844-May, 1845; V. 4-7; Decem- ber II, 1847-May 24, 1851 Gem of the West and Soldiers' Friend: v. 6, no. i; January, 1872 Guardian, The: v. 1-4; 1875-1879 Hard Cider Press, v. i, no. i— 21; June 6-Oct. 24, 1840 Hausfreund, Der (semi-m): v. 12, no. 1, 4; January-February, 1867 Herald, Chicago Daily: v. i, no. i, no; August 16, December 23, 1873 Herald, Chicago Moriiing (d): no. 1047-1173; May lo-October 4, 1881 Herald, Chicago Morning: no. i; March 17, 1879 Chicago Homoeopath (bi-m): v. 2, no. i; January, 1854 Humane Journal: v. 1, no. i; May, 1872 Illinois and Indiana Medical and Surgical Journal (hi. m) : n.s. v. 2, no. 1-5 ; April-December, 1847 Illinois Schoolmaster (m) : v. 6, no. 57, y. 9; 1873-1876 Illinois Staats-Zeitung (d): 1875- 1876; 1888-1898 Illustrated Champion: Novem- ber, 1879 LIBRARY FILES 369 CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Chicago Illustrated Chicago News (w) : v. i , no. 1-8; April 24, 1868- June 13, 1868 Illustrated Journal (m): v. 1, 2; November, 1872-1874; v. 3, no. 1-6; July-December, 1874 Illustrated News, Chicago: v. i, no. 2; October i, 1879 Independent: v. ^, no. 2; March 23, 1878. Supplement Index Universitates: v. i, no. i; March, 1862 Industrial World and Commercial Advertiser (w): v. 14, no. 14; April 15, 1880 Interior (w) : v. 8-1877 + Inter Ocean (d): November— De- cember 1879; 1880+ Inter Ocean (w): July 20, 1876+ . [Title changes to Weekly Inter Ocean and Farmer^ Jeweler's Journal (m): v. 1, no. i; November, 1879 Jewish Advance (yi): v. 1-7; 1878- 1881 Journal, Chicago (d): July 27, 1844-January I, 1853 Journal, Chicago DaUy: v. 13, no. 189; August 14, 1854; V. 16, no. 66; March 19, 1858; v. 18, no. 221, 225, 238; September 18, 22, October 5, i860. [Continued as Chicago Evening Journal] Journal, Chicago Evening (d): May 2, 1862; October 7, 10, 17, 19, 24, 1871; February 11, 1865; March i, 1867; March 31, 1887 Journal of Commerce, Chicago (w) : V. 41-43; 1883; V. 46-49; 1885- 1886 Journal oj Science: v. 4, no. 9; July IS, 1880 Jubilee, Daily: v. i, no. i; June s. 1873 Ladies' Friend and Shoppvng Guide: v. i, no. i; January, 1872 Lakeside Monthly: v. 5-10 187 1- 1873; v. II, no. 61, 62; Jan- uary, February, 1874 Land Owner (m): v. 2, no. 8; August, 1870; V. 3, no. 2; February, 187 1; v. 4-5; 1872- 1873; v. 6, no. 6; June, 1874 Law Bulletin, Chicago Daily (d): June 4, 187 2-1900 Leedle Vanderer: Book 2, no. 2; September and October, 1870 Legal Adviser (w): v. 21, no. 15; 1880; V. 31-37; 1891-1897 Legal News, Chicago (w): v. 4; 1871 Lens: V. 1-2; 1872-1873 Librarian, Chicago: v. i, nos. 1-5; November 1872-August, 1873 Library Record (m): January, April, May and June, 1879; v. 2, no. I, 3-4, 6-7,9; October, 1880- April, 1881; V. 3, no. 1-5, 7; October, 1882, June, 1884; v. 1 no. 1-5; November, 1883-Ma 1884 Literary and Musical Review (m) : V. 2, no. 4; April, 1880 Literary Budget (w) : v. 1-3 ; 1853- i8S5 Literary Review (m) : v. i, no. 1,4; May and August, 1879 Literary Varieties, Chicago: v. 1, no. 2; April, 1873 Little Corporal (m) : v. 1-3 ; 1865- 1866; v. 7, no. 5-v. 8, no. 4; 1868-1869; V. 9, no. 3-4, 6; 1867; V. 10-15; 1870-1872; v. 19, no. 2; 1874 Little Corporal's School Festival (q) : no. 2; April, 1870 Living Church: v. 1-8; 1878-1886 Lorgnette: v. i, no. 28, 35; May 4, 12, 187 1 Chicago Magazine, The West as it 7j(m): V. I, no. 1-5; 1857 Chicago Magazine of Fashion, Music and Home Reading (m): V. 1-6; 1870-1875 incomplete Weekly Magazine: v. 6-8; May 6, 1882-March 28, 1885 Mail, Chicago Evening: v. 1-4; August 18, 1870-January 10, 1874 Mail, Chicago Morning (d): v. i, no. 41 ; January 14, 1847 Medical Examiner, Chicago (m): v. I, no. 12; December, i860; V. 9, no. 8; August, 1868; v. 10- 12; 1869-187 1. [Continued as Medical Examiner] Medical Examiner (semi-m): v. 13, no. 3, 8; February 1, April 15, 1872; V. 14, no. 9; May i, 1873 37° ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Chicago Medical Investigator (m) : u. s. v. 4, 1866-1867 Medical Journal, Chicago (m, semi-m): n. s. v. i; 1858; n. s. V, 2, no. 2-3, 5-6, 10, 1859; n. s. V. 3, no. i!, February, i860; v. 21, no. 2-5, 9-11, 1864; V. 22, no. 1-3, II, 1865; V. 23, no. 4-5, 8, 10-^12, 1866; V. 24, no. I, 3, 7-9, 1867; V. 25-31, 1868- 1874 Medical Journal and Examiner, Chicago (m): v. 32, 1875; v. 33, no. 3, March, 1876; v. 34, 1877; V. 35, no. 6, December, 1877; V. 36-37, 1878; V. 41, no. 3, September, 1880; v. 42, no. 4, April, 1881; V. 44, no. 4-5, October-November, 1881; v. 47, no. 1-3, July-September, 1883; V. 49, no. 3, September, 1884; V. 50, no. 3-6, March-June, 1885; V. 51-58, 1885-1889 Medical Register, Chicago: v. i, 1872; 1874-1875; 1876-1877; 1884-1885 Mercantile Journal and Weekly Price Current (w): v. i, nos. i- 26; April 13-October 5, 187 1 Merchants Weekly Circular, Chi- cago: V. s, 11. s. no. 14; April II, 1862 Millenarian: v. i, no. i; January 1874 Mirror of Fashions (w): v. s, no. 6; July 17, 1879 Monthly (edited at the Univer- sity of St. Mary of the Lake) : v. I, no. 6; June, 1865 Mothers' Journal (m): v. 33-35; 1868-1870 Museum, Chicago Daily: v. i, no. 117; January 22, 1864 Mystic Star {ra): v. 5-9; 1866-1868 National Banner (m) : v. i, nos. i- 9; Mav I- December, 1862 National Live-Stock Journal (m): V. 1-17; September 18, 1870- December, 1886 National Sunday School Teacher (m); V. 1-6; 1866-187 1 ; V. 9, 1874 New Covenant (w): January 4— November 22, 1877 News, Chicago Daily: 1877 + North Side Reporter (w): v. i, no. 19; November 23, 1878; v. .i, no. 24, 35 ; October 4, 1879, January 31, 1880 N orth-W estern Baptist (semi-m) ; V. 2, no. 22; August 15, 1844 Northwestern Christian Advocate (w): V. 23, 1875 -t- [missing V. 25. 1877] Northwestern Journal of liomoe- opathia (m) : v. 1-2; 1848-1849, 1849-1850 Northwestern Lumberman (w) : January 11, 1879- December 31, 1898 Northwestern Magazine: v. z, no. I ; December, 1874 Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal (bi m, m): v. 1-4; 1848-1851; n. s. v. 1-6; 1852- i8S7 Northwestern Pulpit (m): v. i, no. 3 ; April, i860 Northwestern Quarterly Magazine: no. i; October, 1858 Northwestern Review (m): v. 8, no. 4; April, 1873; v. 9, no. 6, December, 1873 Northwestern Sunday School Teachers' Quarterly: v. i; 1865 Occident {w) : v. 6, no. 11; February 14, 1879; V. 14, no. 38; Decem- ber 31, 1886 Our Picture Gallery (m) : v. i ; 1878 People's Dental Journal (q) : v. i ; 1863 People's Illustrated Weekly and Prairie Farmer: v. 54, no. 4; September 21, 1882 People's Paper: v. i, no. i, 2; July 26, August 16, 1873 Pharmacist (m): v. 11, no. 1—3; January-March, 1878 Play (w): v. 4, no. 14, 17; Octo- ber 18, 1880, January 10, 31, 188 1. Pomeroy's Democrat: June 30, 1877-April 3, 1880. Post (d): September 22, 1865. Post, Chicago (d): October 24- December 14, 1866 Post, Chicago Evening (d and w) : December 17-31, 1866: February' 20, 1867-Januaiy 10, 1874; [July 10, 1871-Maxch 30, 1872] LIBRARY FILES 371 CHICAGO —co«<»»Me(i Chicago Historical Society Chicago Post, Chicago Morning (d) : v. 4 ; Septembers, i862-April3o, 1864 Chicago Post and Mail (d and w) : January 12, 1874-December 26, 1877 Prairie Farmer: v. 5 ; 1845 ; v. 12-15; 1849-1855; n. s. V. 7; o. s. V. 23; n. s. V. lo-ii, 13-14, 39, 46-58; 1861, 1682-1864, 1868, 1875-1886 I Presbyterian Expositor (m) : v . 1-2 ; 1857-1858-1859 Press (q): v. i, no. i; October, 1870 Press, Chicago (d): v. 5-6: June 13. i8s7-June 30, 1858. [Con- tinued as Press and Tribune] Press and Tribune (d): v. 12-13; July I, 1858-October 24, i860 Printing Press (bi-m) : v. i-no. i— 4; July, 1875-April, 1876; V. 2, no. 5-7; June-October, 1876 Pulpit, Chicago (w): v. i, no. 5; January 27, 1872; v. i, no. 15; April 7, 1872; V. i!, no. 32; August 3, 1872; V. 3, no. 59, 77; February 8, June 14, 1873 Rail Splitter (w): v. i, no. 5, g-io, 12-18; July 21, August 18, 25, September 3, 8, 15, 22, 29, October 6, 13, 27, i860. [Num- ber for September 3 called Pictorial Rail Splitter] Railroad Gazette (w): October 22, 1870-August 5, 187 1 Railway Advertising Bulletin (d): V. I, no. i-ioo; August 4- November 20, 1879 Railway Age (w): v. 6-11; 1881- 1886 Railway and Engineering Review (w): V. 27; 1887. (Continues Chicago Railway Review) Railway Review, Chicago (w): v. 15-26; July 7, 1877-December 25, 1886 Real Estate and Building Journal (w).' March 2, 1872- July 3, 1897 Record, Chicago (m): v. 1-5; April I, i8s7-March 15, 1862 Religio-Philosophical Journal (w): March 25, 1871-ApriI 13, 1895 Republican, Chicago: (i) v. 1-4; November 25, i86s-September 16, 1868; (2) October 20, 1867- September 31, 1870; February 20, March, 28, June i, July 3, August 7, September 15, October 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 1871; January 22-March 22, 1872; (3) V. I, no. 42, 56, 57, 61, 64, 79, 80, 116, 123, 126, 133-6, 139 144, 149, 158-62, 176; July 17, August 2, 3, 8, II, 30, 31, October 12, 20, 24, November 1-4, 8, 14, 20, 30, December 1-4, 21, 29, 1865 ; (4) May 22, Septem- ber 9, October 15, November 3, 6, 7, December 2, 4, 1871 Republican, Tri-Weekly: v. 1, no, 9; November 22, 1865 Review, Chicago (w): v. i, no. 32, 34-35; November 2, 16, 23, 1878 Ribbon Review, Chicago (w): v. i, no. 1-30; March 24-October 19, 1878. [No. 2, 12, 18 missing] Rounds' Printers' Cabinet: v. 10, no. 4; July, 1866; V. 12— V. 28, no. 2; 1868-April, 1883 (except V. 26, no. 4, and v. 27, no. 2, V. 30-32, no. i; 1885-1888) Saturday Evening Herald (w): March i, June 25, 1879; Febru- ary 28, 1880; December 10, 1881 ; January 14, 21, August 5, September 23, 30, October 7, 21, November 4, 18, 25, 1882; February i, June 9, 1883; May i7> July 26, 1884; August 15, 1885; July 10, 1886; February 26, 1887; July 7, 1888 -I- [August 21, 1897-November 10, 1900 missing] Schoolmaster, Chicago (m): v. 4- V. 6, no. 56; 1871-January 1873 Sloan's Garden City (w) : v. 1-3 ; July 23, 1853-May s, 1855 Spiritual Record (w): v. i; 1879; V. 2, no; 14, 1880 Standard (w): v. 21 -f, September 24, 1874-t- Star Weekly: v. 1, no. 5, November II, 1873 States, The: v. i, no. 8, 11, Septem- ber 8, November 17, 1877 Sun (d): v. 3, no. 67, February 10, 1872 Sunday School Scholar (m): v. 2, 1870 372 ILLINOIS mSTORICAL COLLECTIONS CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Chicago Teacher, Chicago (w): v. 1-2; 1873-1874 Telegraph, Chicago Daily: nos. 1-1046; March 26, 1878-May 9, 1881 Times (d and w) : v. i , no. i ; June 12, 1852-May 2, 1853; April 3, May 2, 1856; January 13, 1857; January 6, 14, 20, February 6, May 8, June 4, October 27, 31, November 13, December 25, 1858; May 24, i860; June 8, 11- 20, October 15, 1861; January i, 5, 8, 25, 31, February 20, March 18, 25, April 9, IS, May 3, 9, 11,13, 26, July 20, August 10, 17, September, 3, 14, 28, November 2, December 10, 28, 1862; Janu- ary 25, February 8, April 15, May 2, June 14, July 12, 26, Septem- ber 27, October 4, 17, 25, Novem- beri, December 6, 20, 1863; Jan- uary 10, 13, March 13, May 10, 15, 22, June 3, 12, 19, July 17, August 28, September 22, Octo- ber 9, 30, November 23, Decem- ber 17, 18, 1864; January 29, February 5, 26, March 12, 15, 17, 21, April 16, May 14, Octo- ber 4, 31, November 4, Decem- ber 31, 1865; January 25, February 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, March 4, April 22, 29, July 8, September 9, 17, November 12, 27, December 25, 31, 1866; January 13, February 24, March 2, 26, April 5, May 25, June 2, 13, 18, August 9, 14, September 28, December 29, 1867; March 29, May 24, 31, June 6, 7, 13, 21, 28, July 19, October 18, Novem- ber I, 4, 1868; February 18, May II, October 10, 18, 31, November 11, 14, 1869; January I, 27, February i, 25, May 20, 27, 31, June I, 2, II, 12, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27, July 3, 4, 13-15, 17, 22, 23, 26, 29, 31, August 8, II, 13-15, 17, 19, 21, September 18, 25, December 2, 4, 1870; June 23, July 22, 27, August 15, September 23, 26, October i, 19, 1871; December 8, 1871-March 30, 1872; September 29, October 9, 10, 1872; April 13, 1873; July 15, 16, Octobers, 1874; January 1872-September, 1887 Times and Herald, Daily: v. i, no. 3, 42, 48; September 10, 17, 24, i860 Times-Herald, Chicago (d) : March, 1896-April, 1898. [Consol. vp. Record March 28, 1901] Tribune (w): v. i-v. 2, no. 21; April 4, 1840-August 21, 1841. All published Tribune, Chicago (d): v. 14 + ; October 25, i860 + [See Press and Tribune\ Union Park Banner: v. 3, no. 7; March, 1872 United States Medical and Surgical Journal (q): v. i; 1865-1866; V. 5, no. 15; April, 1869; V. 6, no. 22, 24; January, July, 1871; V. 7; 1871-1872; V. 8, no. 29, 31, 32; October, 1872, April, July, 1873 ; V. 9, no. 33, 34, 36; October 1873, January-July, 1874 Unity: v. 10, 11, 17+ ; 1883, 1884, 1890 -I- Voice of Masonry (m): v. 5, 6; 1867,-1868; V. 7, no. 4; 1869; V. II, no. 4; 1873; V. 12-15; 1874-1877; V. 16, no. 6, 8; 1878; V. 18-20; 1880-1882; V. 21, no. 9; 1883. [Missing v. 6, no. i; v. 12, no. I, 6; V. 13, no. i, 6, 9-12; V. 15, no. 9, 11; V. 18, no. 1-3, 6-8; V. 19, no. 5, 9; v. 20, no. 1-6] Voice of the Fair (w) : v. i, no. 1-22 ; April 27- June 24, 1865 Volante (m) : v. •., no. 6; v. 2, no. i ; V. 3, no. 4; V. 4, no. 1-5; v. 5, no. 3; V. 6, no. 5, 6 Washington (m) : 1876-1893 Watchmakers' Magazine (m): v. 2, no. 5, 6; March, April, 1873 Watchman (m): v. 2, no. 9; July, 1876; V. 3, no. 3, 18; December I, 1876, October i, 1877 Watchmun of the Prairies (w) ; v. i- 6; August 10, 1849-February 22, 1853. [Became Christian Times, then Standard] West End Advocate (vf): v. 11, no. 304; December 14, 1878 Western Agriculturalist and Live Stock Journal: 1878-1898 LIBRARY FILES 373 CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Chicago Western Bookseller (m): v. i, no. lo-v. 2; October, 1868-Decem- ber, 1869. [Missing v. 2, no. 6, 10] Western Citizen (w) : v. i-i i ; 1842-1853. [Continued a.s Free West] Western Garland; v. 2, no. 5; April, 1856 Western Herald (w) : v. i, no. 1-53 ; April, 1846- March 31, 1847 Western Home (m): v. 2, no. i; July, 1869. Western Magazine (m) : v. i ; 1845 Western Magazine (m): v. 3-5; 1879-1881 Western Manufacturer (m): v. i, 2; April, 1874-March, 1875. [1877-1886, incomplete] Western Monthly: v. 1-4; 1869- 1870. [Continued as Lakeside Monthly] Western Paper Trade (m): 1881- 1882 (incomplete) Western Pulpit {wi): v. i; 1866 Western Railroad Gazette (w) : v. i- 4, 7 ; 1857-1864. Quarto series, V. 2, 1870-1871 Western Rural: v. 6-8; 1868- 1870; V. 13-32; 1875-1894. (Ex- cept V. 6, no. 1-9.) [Continued as Western Rural and American Stockman, with no. for Septem- ber 22, 1883] Western Shoe and Leather Review (w): V. 3, no. 8; February 21, 1878 Western Tablet (w): v. i, no. 2, 4-8, II, 13, 15, 16, 19-22, 24, 27-29. 31. 34, 36. 38-44; V. 2, no. 6-8, 32-35. 39; February 14, 1852-October 29, 1853 Western Temperance Advocate (w): 1865-1868 Wild Edgerton's Weekly Evergreen: no. 1-52; 1876-1877 Words of Life (m): v. i, no. 6. [No date] World, Chicago: v. 10, no. 41; December 4, 1880 Young Polks' Rural: v. 7, no. 5; September, 1880. [Supplement] Youth's Evangelist and Little Preacher (w): v. 21, no. 3, 5, 6, 8, 10; January 19, February 2, 9, 23, March 8, 1879 Youth's Gazette: v. i, no. 8; July 26, 1843. Chester Randolph County Democrat: v. 3, no. 120, 132; April 16, July 9, 1859; V. 6, no. 18, 20; May 3, 17, 1862 Commerce Times and Seasons. See Nauvoo Decatur Illinois State Chronicle (w): v. 3, no. 51; December 24, 1857; V. 4, no. 7, 40-41; February 18, October 7, 14, 1858 Dixon Telegraph (w): n. s. no. 180; May 8, 1873 Telegraph and Herald (w) : n. s. no. 170; February 27, 1873 Western Farmer (m): 1875-1877 [incomplete] DWIGHT Western Postal Review: v. 5, no. 3; December, 1877 EDWAEDSVILI.E Crisis (w): v. i, no. 19, 22, August 14, September 9, 1830 Illinois Advocate (w): v. i. no, 2; February 23, 1831-August 7, 1832 Illinois Corrector (w) : v. i, no. 45 ; August 25, 1828 Spectator: v. 1-6; April 18, 1820- February 8, 1825 Elgin Advocate: v. 29, no. 5 1 ; December 22, 1883 Gazette: v. i, no. 26, 29; January 18, February 8, 1851 Western Christian: v. 1-6; 1846- 1849 Galena Advertiser: v. i, no. 1-42; July 20, 1829; May 24, 1830 Advertiser (semi-w): v. 10, no. is; June 15, 1847 Daily Courier: v. 1, no. 25; February 8, 1856 Democrat: v. u. no. 35; May 30, 1840 Galenian: v. i, no. 1-36; May 2, 1832 Jejfersonian: v. 2, no. 12; Mar. 23, 1848 374 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS CHICAGO — continued _ Chicago Historical Society Galena Miners' Journal: July 22, 1828- September 19, 1829; June 12, 1830 Northwestern Gazette (w): v. 19, no. 2; Nov. 2, 1852 Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser {s-w): v. 5, no. 12; June 18, 1842 Geneseo Standard: V. i,no. 11; Nov. 1, 1855 Galesburg Knoxiana (m): v. 6, no. 1-8, November, 1856- June, 1857 Oak Leaf (m): v. i, no. 2-3, 7-8; November, December, 1856; April, May, 1857 Grayville Herald: v. 3, no. 20; September 12, 1857 Greenville Protestant Monitor: v. 2, no. 36; March 5, 1847; v. 3, no. 3; August 18, 1847 ; extra, Decem- ber 17, 1845 Hamilton Dollar Monthly and Old Settlers' Memorial (m): v. 1-5; May i, 1873-ApriI, 1877 Hennepin Genius of Universal Emancipation: no. 2-12; 1839 Journal: v. 1, no. 24, 26, 30, 43; October 12, 26, 1837; January 27, March 3, 1838 HiLLSBORO Montgomery County Herald (w): v. 4, no. so; July 3, 1858 HUTSONVILLE Journal: v. i. no, 2; June 12, 1852 Hyde Park Daily Sun: 5th year, no. 1-198; May lo-December 31, 1878 Herald: January 3, 1885-Septem- ber 30, 1887; V. 8, no. 25-36 October 7-r)ecember 30, 1887 V. 9; 1888; V. 10, no. 1-13 January 4-March 29, 1889 Jacksonville Illinoisan (w): v. 3, no. 14; April II, 1840; V. 4, no. 5; Feb. 13, 1841; V. 6, no. 32, 50, 52; November 17, 1843, March 22, April 9, 1844 Illinois Democrat: v. 1, no 3; June 3, 1840 Illinois Statesman (w): v. i, no. i- 3, 6, 8-9, II, 13, 15-16, 18-25, 27-30. 33-34, 3^38, 40-45. 47- 48, 50-52; April 1843-May 27 1844 Morgan Journal: v. 6, no. 8 July 21, 1849 Republican (w): v. 25, no. 11 March 14, 1861 Western Star (semi-m) : v. i ; 1845 (odd nos.); v. 2, no. 6; March 31, 1846 , JOLIET Republican and Sun: v. 16, no. 211; September 6, 1888 Republican: n. s. v. 2, no. 46; March 21, 1874 Signal, V. i, no. 29, 30; Dec. 27, 1843, Jan. 3, 1844 Sun (d): v. 6, no. 10; October 6, 1879 Kankakee Herald (w): v. i, no. 30; April 26, 1873 Kaskaskia Illinois Intelligencer (w): v. 3, no. 42, 47-48; June 16, July 21, 28, 1819; v. 9, no. 37; December 2, 1825; V. 12-15; March 14, 1829- January 28, 1832 [incomplete]; V. 13, no. 22; September 19, 1829 Knoxville Diocese: v. 5, no. i; May, 1877 Lewiston Fulton Democrat: v. 15, no. 17; October 22, 1869 Little Fort Lake County Visiter (sic): v. 1, no. 3, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18-20, 22-4; May 4-October 2, 1847 Porcupine, Little Fort: v. 1-12; March 4, i84S-March 23, 1847 Lowell , Genius of Liberty: December 19, 1840-April 2, 1842 [complete from V. I, no. i] Marshall Clark County Herald: v. i, no. 13, 16, 27, 38; 1868-1869; v. 3, no. 9, 49; 1870-1871; V. 8, no. 34, 42, 43. 5°. Si; 187s; v. 9, no. 7, 15, 20, 30; 1876; V. 12, no. 43; 1879 LIBRARY FILES 375 CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Marshall Eastern Illinoisan: v. -2, ^, 5, n. s. 5; 1854-1882; [incomplete] Hornet: v: i, no. 4, 9, 13, 14. 25, 27-3°. 35. 38, 43; November i, December 6, 1859; January 3, 10, March 29, April 12, 19, 26, May 3, June 7, 28, August 2, i860 Illinois State Democrat: v. 2, no. 32; September 31, 1850 Messenger: v. 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 34; 1866-1884; [incomplete] Monitor: September, 1886 Telegraph: v. i, 2, n. s. v. i, 3; 1852-1856; [incomplete] MiLFORD Herald: v. 27, no. 16; January I, i9°3 MiLLINGTON Enterprise: September 7, 1876- August 13, 1877 MOLINE Review: v. 11, no. 2; January 10, 1880 Morris Advertiser: v. 2, no. i; August 4, 1866 Grundy County Herald v. i (o. s. 10) no. 44; February 8, 186s Herald: v. 20, no. 6; September 17. 187s Herald and Advertiser: v. 19, no. 21; December 27, 1873 MotnsTD City Journal: v. 1, no. 46; September 28, 1865 National Emporium: v. i, no. 18; October 9, 1856 Nauvoo Hancock Eagle: v. ±, no. 1-4, 6-7, 9-11; April 3, 10, 17, 24,. May 8, IS, 29, June s, 12, 1846 New Citizen: February 24, March 10, 1847 Neighbor; 1862; V. 13, no. 219; July ^SiS, 1863; V. 14, no. 18; Novem- ber 28, 1863 Illinois Bounty Land Register: v. I, no. I ; April 17, 1835 News, Quincy Daily: no. 156; August 7, 1877 Daily Skirmisher: no. 1-5; Octo- ber 11-15, 1864 Tribune and Free Soil Banner: V. I, no. i; September 13, 1848 376 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Robinson Constitution: v 19, no. 41 ; January 3> 1883 Rock Spring Western Pioneer: September 1, 1830; July 17, 183s ROCKFORD Forum: v. 4, no. 46-50; v. 5, no. no. i; January 27, February 3, 10, 17, 24, March 17, 1847 RUSHVILLE Illinois Republican: v. i, no. 4; January 2, 1840; extra, February 3, 1840 Test: V. r, no. 29; Dec. 6, 1838 St. Charles Better Covenant: v. 2, no. 1-43, no. 51; 1843-1844. [Pub. in Chicago beginning v. 2, no. 14, April 6, 1843] Shawneetown Illinois Gazette: v. 2, no. 22, 40, 41, V. 3, no. 51; March 16, July 29, August 5, 1820; February 2, 1822 Illinois Republican: v. 2, no. 40; Nov 12, 1842 Springfield Illinois Herald: v. 2, no. 13 ; April 13. 1833 Illinois State Journal: v. 8-25, no. 260; 1855-April 16, 1873; V. 36, no. i7s; January 3, 1884; September 13, 1887 [incomplete] Illinois State Register: 1839-18)0; 1849-1857; [incomplete]; n. s. V. 8, no. 7, October 2, 1846 Illinois Synoptical Reporter (bi-m) : V. ±, no. 3; December, 1879 Illinois Washingtonian (m): v. 1, no. i; March i, 1845 Illinois Unionist and Statesman: V. 1, no. 33; March 9, 1853 Masonic Trowel (m) : v. i, no. 6- 11; August-December, 1862; v. 4, no. 12; December 15, 1865; v. 11, n. s. no. 13, 15-17; June, August-October, 1872 Odd Fellows Union (m): v. i; March, 1866-February, 1867 Sangamon Journal: v. 5-16; 1836- 1847 [incomplete] State Argus (w): v. 1, no. i; July 10, 1879 Sterling Gazette: v. 9, no. 24; September i, 1866 ; V. 14, no. 34, 43 ; November 4, 1871; January 6, 1872; v. 16, no. 4, 12, 23; April 5, May 31, August 16, 1873; V. 21, no. 27; April 3, 1875 Republican and Gazette: v. i, no. IS ; June 26, 1858 Standard: v. i. no. 85; March 8, 1878 Vandalia Age of Steam: v. i, no. 7, 9, 15-17, 22, 24-25, 27-28, 31, 33-37, 39- 41, 44, 52; May 20, 1854- June 23, 1855 Fayette Yeoman and Railroad Jour- nal: v. I, no. I, 6, 9, 19, 21-22, 32. 35-36. 41; June 23, 1849- May 25, 1850. [Between August 25 and December i, 1849, title changed to Fayette Yeoman] Fayette County News: v. 3, no. 18; June 10, 1880 Weekly Union: v. 18, no. 19; August 10, 1881 Free Press: v. i, no. 37, 43, 46, 48, 52; April 6, June 15, July 6, 20, August 31, 1844 Free Press and Illinois Whig: v. 1, no. 14, March 4, 1837; v. 2, no. 14, 47; October 28, 1837; July 28, 1838; v. 3, no. II, 14, 18, ig, 32. 34. 35. 40. 42. so; January 10, 24, February 21, 28, June 7, 21, 28, August 2, 16, November I, 1839; V. 4, no. 6, 10, 18, 23, 26, 27, 31; January 24, February 21, April 24, May 29, June 19, July 24, 1840; V. I, n. s. no. 21, nos. 25; 1843 Illinois Advocate and State Register (w): January 12, 1833- June 24, 1835 Illinois Intelligencer. (See Kas- kaskia) Illinois Monthly Magazine: v. i, 2, 1830-1831; 1831-1832 Illinois State Register and Illinois Advocate: n. s. v. i, no. 7—20; March 25- June 24, 1836 [1837- 1839] [with V. I, no. 20 title changed to Illinois State Register and People's Advocate] Whig and Illinois Intelligencer: n. s. V. 2, no. 18, 33-34, 43. 46- LIBRARY FILES 377 CHICAGO — continued Chicago Historical Society Vandalia 49. 52; August 21, 1833- June 12, 1834, V. 3, no. I, 8; June 19, August 28, 1834 Warsaw Signal: January 15, February 10, May 14, 1845 [incomplete]; V. 2, no. 29, 32; September 17, October 29, 1845; v. 3, no. 12, 24, 25, 27; June 17, October 20, 27, November 14, 1846 Watseka Iroquois County Times: v. 9, no. 35; August 30, 1879 Westfield Pantagraph: v. 2, no. 50; April 28, 188 1 West York Advance: v. 1, no. 33; August 22, 1884; V. 2, no 33; August 14, 1885 John Crerar Library (J) Chicago American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal: v. i + , April, 1878+ . [v. I, 2, entitled Amsrican Anti- quarianl American Bee Journal: v. 19, no. 1-16, 18-30, 35-49; 1883. Botanical Gazette (m): v. i +, 187s + [v. 1, Botanical Bulletin] Bureau: v. 1-3; October, 1869- July, 1872. [v. I, no. 1-5 subtitle reads A Chronicle oj the Commerce and Manufacturers of Chicago] Carriage Journal (m): v. 15, no. 4— V. r8 (inc.) ; April, 1890-1893 Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung: v. 10, no. 125; October, 1886 + Chronicle: v. i, no. ir, 29, 32-36, 38, 40-46; March 15, July 19, August 9-September 6, Septem- ber 20, October-November 15, 1866; V. 3, no. 38, S3 ; September 17, December 31, 1868. [v. i, Banking and Insurance Chronicle v. 3 and 38, Insurance Chron- icle] Daily Commercial BulletiM: 1871- 1886. [1886 + = Daily Trade Bulletin] Chicago Commercial Express: [daily edition of Chicago Com- mercial Express and Western Produce Reporter]; 1864-1867. Discontinued in 187 1. [v. for 1864-1866, daily edition of Well's Commercial Express and Western Produce Reporter] Chicago Daily Commercial Letter: V. 3-8; 1858-1863. [In 1868 incorporated with Chicago Daily Commercial Report] Electrotyper: v. 1-5; 1873-1877 Emery's Journal of Agriculture: V. 1-2, no. 14; 1858 (w). [Jan- uary, 1859 merged vdth Prairie Farmer] Engineering N ems: v. 2 -f- ; 1875-!- Fackel: v. 4, no. 49 -1- ; April 8, 1883 4 [1883-1886 inc.; 1887, 1888, 1890, January 18, 1891- May 22, 1892, December 4, 1892 wanting] Hospital Bazaar: no. 1-6 ; Novem- ber 16-25; 1874. [No more issued] Industrial World and Iron Worker: V. II, no. 24-v. 50, no. 11; 1879- March 17, 1898; [v. 11-14, no. 6 , Chicago Commercial A dvertiser] Investigator: v. 1-37, no. 4; June, 1874-January, igo8 Investigator: v. 1-37, no. 4; June, 1874-January, 1908. [Ceased publication January, 1908, merged with Insurance Field] Chicago Journal of Commerce: v. 68-72, no. 13; i8g6. [Since v. 72, no. 13, Iron and Steel] Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873. [No more published] Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner: v. 5-58; April, 1849- January, 1889 (m, semi-m, v. 25-26, no. 18) [v. $-14= North- western Medical and Surgical Journal; v. 15-32 = Chicago Medical Journal. In September, 1875, Chicago Medical Journal and Medical Examiner were united] Chicago Medical Times: v. i, no. 6-|- [v. 1, 3-7, 9-12, 14 inc. V. 8 wanting]; 1869 -t- National Live Stock Journal: v. 3-9; 1872-1878 378 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS CHICAGO — coniinued John Crerar Library Chicago Northwestern Review (w): v. i, no. lo-v. II, no. 6; December, 1868- December, 1874. (v. 6= North- western Weekly Review) Printing Press: v. 1-2, no. 3 ; July, i87S-October, 1876. (v. i, quarterly, v. 2 bi-monthly) (all pub.) Railway Age: v. 1-4S, June, 1876-May 31, 1908. [v. 16- 28 = Railway Age and Monthly Railroader; June, 1908, continued as Railroad Age Gazette'] Railway and Engineering Review: V. 10, no. 18; May 8, 1875; v. 20, no. 22+ ; May 29, 1880+ (inc.)[v. 20-35 = Railway Review] Rapid Writer: v. 1-7; January, 1869-November, 1878. [v. I, published in Boston, Mendon and Andover, Mass.; v. 2-3, in Andover; v. 1-5, (q); v. 6-7, (m)] Specimen: v. 1-14; 1867-1880 Western Brewer and Journal of the Barley, Malt and Hop Trade: V. 23 + ; 1898 + Western Druggist: v. 3+; 1881 + [v. 6, no. 6 wanting.] Western Manufacturer: v. 3-9; May, 1879-October, 1881 Western Photographic News: v. j., no. 4-5 ; October-November, 1876, V. I, i-io, 12; July, 1875- June, 1876. Springfield Illinois State Register: v. i, no. 1-36; June I2-September3, 1847 Newberry Library (N) Chicago Advance: v, 7-13; 1874-1889 American, Daily Chicago: April 3- November 4, 1839; November II, 1 839- April 7, 1840; April 9- October 3, 1840; October 5, 1840-September 29, 1841; [miss- ing: April II, 1 841]; April 9- October 15, 1842 American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal: v. 1 + ; 1878+ American Journal of Insanity: v. 1+; 1844+ American Journal of Materia Medica: v. 1, no. 1-4; 1860-1861 Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung: May- December, 1879; 1880. 1884; July-December, 1886; 1887- 1889. Botanical Gazette: v. 5» I7~2i; 1880-1896 Christian Cynosure: 6-32; 1874- 1900 Express, Chicago: October 24, 1842-April 22, 1843 Fackel [Sonntagsblatt der Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung] : 1879-1884 ; 1886-1889 Field Piece: v. i, 1848 Freie Presse: Die [Daheim is the Sunday edition of the Freie Presse]. March 11- July 25, 1872 [with Daheim]; January 22-December 30, 1873; [with Daheim; incomplete] ; January 2-June 30, 1873 [with Daheim; incomplete]; Continued as Chicagoer Freie Presse: July 2- December 31, 8174 [with Daheim]; Continued [December 14-I-] as: Chicagoer Neue Freie Presse: Jan- uary 2-June 30, 1875 [without Daheim]; July i, 1875-Decem- ber 31, 1878 [with Daheim]; [missing: January i, 1877]; January i-June 30, 1879 [with Daheim and Wochen-ausgabe]; July I, 1879-December 31, 1882; (mission: January i, 1880; January i, 1881); [with DaAeim] Continued as Chicagoer Freie Presse (Morgen- blatt): May i, 1883- June 30, 1885 [with Daheim and Wochen- ausgabe]; November i, 1885- June 26, 1886 lacks Wochen- ausgabe; November, 1885-June, 1866; July 1, 1886- June 30, i8gi; [missing: December 31, 1888; June 30, 1889] [with Daheim]; July i-December 31, 1891 [with Daheim and Wochen- ausgabe]; [missing: January i, 1889]; January i, i8g2-Decem- ber 31, 1898; [missing: June 30, 1892; June 27-30, 1898]; [with Daheim and Wochen-ausgabe] ; [missing: January i, 1891] LIBRARY FILES 379 CHICAGO — continued Newberry Library Chicago Neue Chicagoer Freie Presse {Abendblatt) : January 2- June 30 1890 [with Daheim and Wochen- ausgabe\\ July i-December 31, 1890 [with Daheim and Wochen- ausgabe\. Continued [March 23, 1891 + ] as: Neue Chicagoer Freie Presse und Chicagoer Hausjreund-Vereinig- tes Abendblatt: January 2-June 30, 1891 [with Daheim and Wochen- ausgabe]; July i, 1891- June 30, 1896 [with Daheim}] [missing: January 1, 1892; June 27-30, 1892; January I, 1894]; July i- Deceniber3i, 1896 [with Daheim and Wochen-ausgabe]; Continued [December i, 1896+] as: Abend-Presse: January 2, 1897- June 20, 1898 [with Daheim and Wochen-ausgabe\; [missing: July I, 1897; January i, 1889): [missing: January i, 1897] Chicagorr Freie Presse (Mittags- blattMayi, 1883+): January 2, 1883-December 31, 1884 [with Daheim and Wochen-ausgabe}; October 29, 1885-November ^o' 1889 [with Daheim]; [missing: January i, 1887; January 1,1889] Higgin's Musical Review: v. i, no. 1-9; 1866-1867 Inter-Ocean (d) : September- December 187 1 ; April-Decem- ber, 1872; April-December, 1874; January-September, 1875; 1876-1880; January-September, 1881, 1882-1904+ Journal (d): August 31, 1844- April 21, 1845; September- December, 1845; 1846-1850; January-March, November-De- cember, 185 1 ; January-March, 1852; 1853; January- June, Octo- ber-December, 1854; January- March, 1855 ; January-March, October-December, 1856; Jan- uary-June, 1857; 1858-1865; April-December, 1866; January- September, 1867); July-Decem- ber, 1808; 1869-1870; July- December, 1871 ; 1872; January- June, 189s; March-December, 1896; 1897-1903; January- March, 1904 Journal (w): 1847-1853; 1863- 1872; April-December, 1873; 1874-1894 Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease: v. i-H; 18744- Chicago Legal Adviser: v. 10-17; no. 44-47, 49-52; 1890, 1891- 1897; 1898-1905 -h; [Continued as Law Register'] Legal News: October 14, 187 1- December, 1895 ; July-Decem- ber, 1897 Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873 Living Church: v. i; 1878 Chicago Medical Examiner: i— 16; 1860-1875. [Continued as below] Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner: 5-58; 1848-1889 Chicago Medical Times: 1-7, 12 -f-; 1869-}- Daily News: May - December, 1877; 1878-1894; 1895; July missing; 1896-1899; January 2-13, 15-31, 1900; February- December, 1900; [missing: April i; April 15; May 16-31; June 1-15; July I, 15; September 16- 30; December 16]; 1901; [miss- ing: June 16; September 15; October 15, 1901] Post: December 23, 1860-March 31, 1861; July-December, 1861; July, 1862-December, 1864 Evening Post: June 15, 1894 [special tax list of Cook County] Chicago Record: May-November, 1893 Republican: November-December 3, 1865; 1866-187 1 ; [missing: October 9, 1870]; January- March, 187 2 Saturday Evening Herald: v. 43 -1- ; 1896+ Tagliche Illinois Staats-Zeitung: January 8-June 29, 1861 [with Chicago Sonntags-Zeitung] ; July i-December3i, 1861 [withsame]. Continued [April 14, 1862-I-J as Illinois Staats-Zeitung, Tdgliche Ausgabe: January 11, 1862- May 8, 1869; [missing: Decem- ber 31, 1862; December 31, 1863]. Continued as 38o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS CHICAGO — continued Newberry Library Chicago Illinois Staats-Zeitung: January i- September 29, 1866; January 4- June 29, 1867; July 3-December 31, 1867; January i-June 27, 1868; 1869 [Bd. with 1864]; May II, 1870-June 30, 187s; [missing: January i, 187 1; Oc- tober 8-1 1, 187 1 ; December 31, 187 1 ; June 30, 1872]; July i-De- cember3i, i?,']^\yn)ih.DerWesten, i.e., Sunday issue of the I. S.-Z.]; January 2, 1876- June 30, 1885; [missing: December 31, 1877; January i, 1878; December 31, 1882; December 31, 1883; June, 1884]; August 9-December 31, 1885; January i, 1886-April i, 1901 [missing: December 31, 1880; December 31, 1891; June 29-30, 1892; January i, 1899; October i, 1899; December 31, 1899; April 1, 1900; July i, 1900; September 30, 1900; [January 2, 1876- June 30, 1898, with Der Westen\ Illinois Staats-Zeitung, Abendblatt: March 27, 1893-December 31, 1894; [missing: December 31, 1893; July I, 1894]. Continued (October 24, 1894+) as Abendblatt: January 2, i89S-July 27, 1899; [missing: January i, 1895; June 30, 1895; January i, 1896; January i, 1897; January I, 1898; January 1-2, 1899] Chicago Sonntags-Zeitung, {Sonn- tags-Ausgabe der III. Staats- Zeitung): March 4, 1862- September 28, 1863 [incomplete]; January 17, December 25, 1864 [incomplete]; January i, 1865- December 29, 1867 [missing: January 1-6, 1866]. Continued as Der Westen {Sonntags-Ausgabe der I. S. Z.): January 2, 1868- December 26, 1869 [incomplete]; November 22, 1868- June 17, 1869; January i-October 5, 1871 [Bd. with preceding]; Jan- uary 2, 1870-October 8, 187 1 ; January 7-December 29, 1872; January s-December 28, 1873; January ii-December 27, 1874; January lo-December 30, 1900. Illinois Staats-Zeitung (Wochent- liche Ausgabe) : January 2, 1862- July 19, 1870 [incomplete]; March 26, 1863-December 27, 1865 [incompete]; January 23, 1866-December 31, 1867; [in- complete]; January 7,1868-1869; 1872-1884; 1886-1890; 1891- 1899; [missing: January 2, 1882] National Sunday School Teacher: 1-2, 4-8, 10; 1866-1875 Owl: V. 1-2; 1874-1876 Railway Age and Northwestern Railroader: v. 6—7, 11— 19; 188 1- 1894 Times: August 20-December 31, 1857; January- June, October- December, 185S: April-Decem- ber, 1859; January-March, i860; October-December, 1866 ; Jan- uary-December, 1867 ; July- December, 1868; April-Decem- ber, 1869; 1870; January- June, 1871; 1872-1880; February- December, i88i; February- December, 1SS2; 1883-1890; January-June, 1891, May- October, 1893; 1894 Times - Herald: May - October, 1893; 1894; 189s; 1896; 1897; 1898; 1899; 1900; January- April, 1901. Continued as Record Herald: May-December, 1901; 1902; 1903; 1904; January- October, 1905 Tribune (d): 1862 [missing: July i]; 1863; 1864; 1865; [missing: January i; May 21; December 26-31]; 1866; [missing: July i]; 1868; 1869; 1870; 187 1 ; [missing: October 9-10]; 1872; [missing: October 9-31]; 1873-I- United States Medical Investigator: n. s. V. 1-3, s-?, 3, V. 23; 1865- 1887 Der Westen: Janueiry 2, 1881- January 6, 1884; Published on Sunday: January 10, 1884- January 3, 1896. Published on Thursday: January 7, 1895- September 11, 1899. Published on Monday: September 17- December 31, 1899. Published LIBRARY FILES 381 CHICAGO — continued Newberry Library Chicago on Sunday: 18S1-1884: 1887- 1889; (missing: December 31, 1882). Elgin Pox River Courier: v . r , no. 14,35; November 12, i8si-April 7, 1852. Gazette: v. 1, no. 13; October 19, 1850; V. 9, no. 9, 30, 48; July 29, December 23, 1863-April 27, 1864; V. II, no. 4, 32; July 19, i86s-January 31, 1866. LOCKPORT Will County Telegraph: v. i, no. 37; September 27, 1849 Peokia Transcript: 1864-1865 Springfield Illinois State Journal: 1864-1865 Illinois Medical Journal: v. i— 14, 17, 19+ ; 1851 + Illinois Synoptical Reporter: v. i; 1879 Vandalia Illinois Medical Recorder: v. i; 1878-1879 Illinois Monthly Magazine: v. 1—2; 1830-183 2 Chicago Public Library (C) Chicago Advance: v. 8-9, 20-56+ ; 1874- 1908+ Alliance and Radical Review: v. 4- 5, 9-10; 1876-1883 American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal: v. i+; 1878+ American Home: v. 1-4, 7-ic, 1877-1880 Argus: v. 8, 16-23, 34, 52+ ; 1878+ Commercial Bulletin, Daily, see Trade Bulletin, Daily Commercial Report, Daily: v. 13, 18-24, 26-27; 187 2-1886; [vols. for 1872, 1877-1878 entitled Daily Commercial Report and Market Review] Democratic Press, Daily: 1854- 1858 Engineering News: v. 3+ ; 1876+ ; [vols. 9-18 entitled Engineering News and American Contract Journal; vols., 19+ entitled Engineering News and American Railway Journal] Factory and Farm: v. 5 ; 1879 Foundlings' Record: v. 4-5, 7-9; 1874-1879 Chicagoer Freie Presse: 187 2-1873; 1891-1901 Gem of the West: v. 7-9; 1873- 1875; [December nos. of 1874 and 1875 missing] Hejmdal: 1874-1876 Illinois Staats-Zeitung: 187 1 + Sonntags-Zeitung: 1862-1866 Ilustreret Familieblad: v. 1-2, no. 13-15; 1879-1880 Inter-Ocean: 1873 + Evening Journal: 1873-1896 Lakeside Monthly: v. 1-5, 6, no. 31. 33; V. 7-11; 1869-1874 Land Owner: v. 4-5; 1872-1873 LegalNews: v. 4-15; 17+ ; 1871 + Lens: v. 1-2; 187 2-1873 Chicago Librarian: v. i, no. 1—4; 187 2-1873 Chicago Magazine: v. 1, no. 1-3, S; i8S7 Evening Mail: 1872 Mining Review: v. 2-12, 15-16; 1879-1886 Musical Bulletin: v. 1-2; 1879- 1881 Ndr Och Fjerran: v. i; 1874-1875 National Live-Stock Journal: v. i- 19; 1870-1888 National Sunday School Teacher: v. 5, 7, 16; 1870-1888 New Covenant: v. 31-32; 1878- 1879 Northwestern Review: v. 8-1 1, no. 1-2, 6; 1873-1874 Post: 1876-1878 [continued Post and Mail] Post and Mail: 1874-1876 [con- tinues as Post] Presbyterian Expositor: v. 1-2; 1857-1859 Railroad Gazette: v. 1-15, 30-45+ ; 1870-1908+ Railway Review: v. 14+ ; 1877 + Record: v. 1-2, no. 3-12; 3, no. i- 20, 22-24; 4, no. i-io, 12-24; S; 1857-1862. [Vol. 2-3 entitled Church Record] Song Messenger: v. 12; 1874 382 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS CHICAGO — continued Chicago Public Library Chicago Sonntags-Zeitung: see Illinois Stoats Zeitung Standard: v. 23, 48, 50+; 1875- 1908+ ; no. I of V. 23 missing Sunday-School Teacher: v. i; 1866 Svornost: 1875-1900 Telegraph: 1876 Times: 1861-1895 Trade Bulletin, Daily: 1S7 1-1875- igoo. (Vols, previous to 1888 entitled Daily Commercial Bul- letin) Tribune: 1861 + Union, Chicago: 1873 Unity: v. 4-33; 2d ser., i, 3-5, 41+ ; 1879. (New series en- titled New Unity) Voice of Masonry: v. 11, 13-17; 1873-1879 Voice of the Fair: i ; 1865 Vorbote: r874-i88s Western Confectioner and Baker: V. I 6-7; 1879-1885 Western Manufacturer: v. 3-5, 7- 10; 1876-1882 Western Postal Record: ¥.611873- 1874 Western Shoe and Leather Review: V. 1-3; 1877-1878 Young Folks' Monthly: no. 50-61; 187s Young Folks' Rural: v. 5-6; i878-r879 Zeichen der Zeit: v. i ; 1869 Peoria Illinois Teacher: v. 2—5, 7-11, 3- 16; 1856-1870 Memento: v. 7-8 QUINCV Western Agriculturist: v. 7—29; 1875-1897 Springfield Illinois State Journal: 1873 Odd-Fellows Union: v. i; 1876- 1867 North Park College. No report St. Ignatius Library. No report St. Stanislaus Library. No report Union Cathohc Library Association Library. No report Universtity of Chicago Library. No files of newspapers; no report of periodicals. CHICAGO HEIGHTS Free Library. No report COAL CITY Public Library. No report CORDOVA Public Library. No report CREAL SPRINGS Creal Springs College Library. No report DAKOTA College of Northern Illinois Library No files DANVERS Library and Literary Association Library. No report DANVILLE Public Library Danville Commercial: 1866-1879 Independent: Partial file News (w) : 1873-1874 NewsiS):. 1876-1902 Plaindealer: 1865-1867 Spectator: Files Times: 1868-1875 Vermillion County Press: v. 2 and 3 Shawneetown Gallatin Democrat and Illinois Advertiser: v. i, no. 4 DECATUR Free Public Library Herald: Files Republican (d): April i, 1872- December 31, 1880 Republican (w) : July 30, 1868- July 18, 1872 Review: Files James Milliken University Library. No files DE KALB Northwestern Illinois State Normal School Haish Library. No files DIXON Dixon College Library. No report Public Library. No files DOWNER'S GROVE Ladies' Library Association Library. No files DUNDEE Public Library. No report EARLVILLE Public Library. No report EAST ST. LOUIS Public Library. No files LIBRARY FILES 383 EDWARDSVILLE Public Library. No report EFFINGHAM Austin College Library. No report Ladies' Library Association Library. No report ELGIN Gail Borden Public Library News (d): June 1, 1876 to date ELKHART Public Library. No files EL PASO Public Library. Journal: v. 42, no. 47-v. 45, no. 20; February 23, 1907-August 14, 1909 EUREKA Eureka College Library. No files EVANSTON Free Public Library Chicago Little Corporal: v. 15, 16; 1872- 1873 Northwestern University, Orrington Lunt Library. No files of news- papers. See John Crerar Library, List of Serials in Public Libraries of Chicago and Evanston Evanston Historical Society Library. Evanston Vidette: v. 1-3 EWING Ewing College Library. No report FAIRBURY Public Library. No report FARMER CITY Library Association Library. No report FLORA Public Library and Free Reading Room. No files FRANKLIN PARK Free Lending Library. No files FREEPORT Public Library. No report FULTON Northern Illinois College Library. No report Public Library. No report GALENA Public Library and Reading Room. No files GALESBURG Knox College Library. No report Lombard College Library. No report Public Library Knoxiana:Octoheii8ss-]uly, 1857 Knox Student: 1879 Oak Leaf: October, 1856- June 1857 GENESEO Public Library. No files GENEVA Public Library. No files OILMAN Public Library. No files GLADSTONE New Church Free Library. No report GREENUP Pubhc Library. No report GREENVILLE Greenville College Library. No report Pubhc Library. No files GRIGGSVILLE Public Library. No files HAMILTON Public Library. Representative: April 2, 16, June IS) July i, IS, September i, October i, i860; August 10, September 10, 1862 HARLEM Harlem Library. No report HARVEY Library Association Library. No report Public Library. No files HAVANA Public Library. No files HENRY Woman's Club Library. No files HIGHLAND PARK Public Library. No files HILLSBORO Public Library and Reading Room. No files HINSDALE Public Library. No files HOMER Homer Librarv. No report HOOPESTON Greer College Library. No report Public Library. No files JERSEYVILLE Free Library. No files JOLIET Public Library JOLIET Courier: v. i, 3 nos. News: April, 1877 to date 384 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS JOLIET — continued Public Library JOLIET Republican: 1884 to date Signal: 1846-1888 Sun: 1862-1867 complete LOCKPORT KANKAKEE Public Library. No report KANSAS Margaret E. Payne Public Library. No report KEWANEE Public Library. Advertiser: Partial files Courier: Partial files Public School Messenger: Partial files Union Democrat: Partial files KNOXVILLE Public Library. No report LA GRANGE Free Public Library. No files LAKE FOREST Lake Forest College, Reid Library. No files Public Library. No files LA HARPE Public Library. No files LA SALLE Public Library. No files LEBANON McKendree College Library. No report LEWISTOWN Carnegie Public Library. No files LEXINGTON Library and Reading Room. No report LINCOLN Lincoln College Library. No report Public Library. No files LITCHFIELD Carnegie Public Library. No files LODA A. Herr Smith and E. E. Smith Public Library. No files LOMBARD Free Library. No files McLEAN Library Association Library. No files MACOMB Free Public Library. No files Western Illinois State Normal School Library. No files MATTOON Public Library. No files MAYWOOD Public Library. No report MELROSE PARK Public Library. No report MENDOTA Graves Public Library. Observer: May-October, 1859; May, i860; July, 186 1 Press (w) : June, i8s8-May, 1859 Mendota College Library. No report METROPOLIS R. W. McCartney Public Library. No files MILFORD Public Library. No report MOLINE Public Library. Review: May, 1873-December, 1879, incl. Worhmen: September, 1854- February, 1857 MONMOUTH Monomuth College Library. No report Warren County Libraify Association Library Monmouth Atlas: No. 1, October 30, 1846 to date, except vols. 12, 13 and 27 (yearly vols.) Democrat: No. 2-34, August, i8s3-March, 1853 Review: No. i, December 28, 1855, to date, except 6 nos. at the end of vol. 12 and the be- ginning of V. 13 (yearly vols.) Peoria Democratic Press: February, 1842-February, 1843 Register: April, 1842-March, 1843 MONTICELLO Allerton Library. No files MORGAN PARK George C. Walker Library. No report MORRISON Literary and Scientific Association Library. No report MOUNT CARROLL Public Library. No report MOUNT MORRIS Mount Morris College, Cassel Library. No files LIBRARY FILES 38s MOUNT STERLING Mount Sterling Library. No report NAPERVILLE Nichols Library. No files Northwestern College Library. College Chronicle: 1873-1875,1883 to date NEPONSET Public Library. No files NORMAL Illinois State Normal Universtiy Library. No files OAK PARK Public Library, Scoville Institute. No files ODELL Public Library. No report OLNEY Public Library. No files ONARGA Public Library. No report OQUAWKA Public Library. No report OREGON Public Library. No report OTTAWA Reddick's Library Ottawa Free Trader: 1850 to date Republican Times: 1856 to date Peru Chronicle (d) : 1853-1854 PARIS Carnegie Library. No files PAXTON Carnegie Library. No files PEKIN Public Library. No files PEORIA Public Library Democraiic Press (d) : January 1854-December, 1855 Democratic Press (w) : February, 1840-January, 1857 Democraiic Union (d) : v. 6-8, i8s8-i859(?); June, 1860-Sep- tember, i862.(Partof 1858 bound with Peoria Daily Morning News) Evening Review: January 1875- October, 1884 Morning Mail: October-Decem- ber, 1862, bound with Peoria Democratic Union, 1862; Jan- uary, 1863-June, 1864 Morning News (d): December 9, 1854; February 26-28; March 3; May 3, 4, 14, 17, 185s National Democrat (d) : September, 1865-June, 1886 Peoria Register and Northwestern Gazetteer: September, 1837- March, 1838; April, 1840-Feb- ruary, 1843 Press (tri-w) : January, 1853- January, 1854 Republican (w): January, 1852- July, 1857 Transcript (d) : December 20, i855-I)ecember, 1898 Transcript (w) : October, 1857- December, 1892 PERU St. Bede College Library. No report PITTSFIELD Public Library. No report PLANO Public Library. No report POLO Buffalo Free Public Library. No files Polo Historical Society Library. Mount Morkis Gazette (w): March 13, 20, 185 1 PONTIAC Public Library. No report PRINCETON Matson Library. No report QUINCY Free Public Library and Reading Room Herald: Partial file Whig: Partial file RIVER FOREST Public Library. No file ROCHELLE Flagg Township Library. No re- port ROCKFORD Public Library Forum: Files Free Press: Partial file Hornet: Complete file, 1874- February, 1875 Industrial Times: complete file, Feburary, 1874 Republican: 1855-1862 Rock River Express: Nearly com- plete file, 1840-1841 Spirit Advocate: File Star: File 386 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ROCKFORD — continued Public Library Times: Complete file, February, 1875-February, 1876 Rockford College Library. ' No report ROCK ISLAND Augustana College Library No report Public Library Chicago Democrat: February 8, 1837 GRArTON Backwoodsman: November 3, 1837 Rock Island Advertiser: March 3, 1853- February 12, 1857 Argus (d): September 16, 1856, to date Argus (w): January 2, 1856- December 26, 1866 Banner and Stephenson Gazette: V. I, no. i-v. 2, no. 9; August 24, 1839-October 30, 1840 Commercial (d): July 5, 1855- January 31, 1859 Register (tri-w) : February 5- August 4, 1859 Republican: October 18, r85i- December 26, 1855 Rock Islander: September 19 , i8S4-August 26, 1859; Jan- uary 5, 1878-December 31, 1892 Union (d): July i, 1867, to date Union (w): November 5, 1862- December 20, 1866 ROCKTON Talcott Free Library. No report ROSEVILLE Public Library. No report RUSHVILLE Library Association Library. No files ST. ANNE Ladies' Library. No report ST. CHARLES Library Association Library. No report SALEM Bryan-Bennett Library. No report SAVANNAH Public Library. No files SHEFFIELD Public Library. No report SHELBYVILLE Free Public Library. No files SMITHTON Smithton Leseverein. No files SPRINGFIELD Concordia College Library. No files Lavinia Beach Free Reading Rooms. No report Lincoln Library. No files State Historical Library (S) Alton Altonian: v. i, no. i; March 13, 1838 Courier (d) : v. ^, no. 185, 301-303 ; January 6, June 1-3, 1854; v. 3, no. 5, 7-10, 12-17, 19; 21, 23- 27, 29-61, 63-97, 101-124, 127- 129, 133, 135-143, 145-181, 183-234, 236-316; June 5, 1854- May3o, 1855; v. 6, no. 1-299; June I, 1857-May 31, 1858; v. 7, no. 1-313; June i, 1858- May 31, 1859. [No. 242 missing] Illinois Temperance Herald: v. 3, no. 4; September, 1838 Observer: v. 3, nos. 36-41, 43-52; September 8, 1836- January 26, 1837; v. 4, nos. i-ii, 14-26, 28; February 2-August 10, 1837; V. 4, nos. 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41- 46; December 28, 1837-April 19, 1838 Presbytery Reporter: v. 3, no. 8-21 ; January, 1856-May, 1857; v. 4, no. 1-8, 10-14, i6> 18-25; J^^y> 1857-August, 1859; V. 5, no. 1-13, 15-17; September, 1859- August, 1863; V. 6, no. 3-5; March-May, 1864 Reporter of the Synod 0/ Southern Illinois and its Presbyteries: v. 8, no. 6, March, 187 1 Spectator: n. s. v. i, no. 6; Novem- ber 12, 1834; V. 3, no. 38, 43, 44; July 20-August 31, 1837 ; v. 4, no. 52; December 7, 1838; v. 5, no. i; January 3, 1839 Taper (m): v. i, no. 8, 11; Jan- uary, May, 1841 Telegraph: v. 3, no. 16, May 2, 1832 Telegraph (d) : v. 2, no. 190; Jaii- 4> 1854 LIBRARY FILES 387 SPRINGFIELD — continued State Historical Library Alton Telegraph and Madison County Record: v. 19, no. 2; January 13, 1854 Beardstown Beardstown and Petersburg Gazette: V. I, no. 30. 48; June 30, Novem- ber 3, 1853 Chronicle: v. 1, no. 37-39, 41-43; March 8-April 19, 1834 Daily Central Illinoisan: v. 1, no. 31; February 7, 1859; v. 25, no. 5; November 24, 1881 Democrat: v. 3, no. 15, 21; June 13, August 22, 1861 Gazette: v. 2, no. 26, 29, 40, 45—51, February 12- August 27, 1847; v. 3, no. I, 2, 4, s, 7, 10-13, 36, 38, 44-52; September 3, 1847- September 6, 1848; v. 4, no. i-ii, 13-16, 18, 19; September 13, 1848-February 7, 1849; V. 6, no. 17-22, 28-39, 42, 45-52; April 23-December 31, 1851; V. 7, no. 3-13, 15-19, 21-25, 27-34; Jan- uary 2r-August 25, 1852 Bellevili,e Advocate: v. 11, no. 9-52; June 20, 1850-Aprii 17, 1851; V. 12, no. 1-18; April 24-August 21, 185 1 Eagle: v. r, no. 2; August i, 1853 Politician: v. i, no. 1-2, 7; April 13, 20; June 8, 1844 Belvidere Standard: v. 15, no. 42; January 22, 1867 Bloomington Central Illinois Times: v. 2, no. 8; February 10, 1854 Illinois Teacher: see Peoria Intelligencer: v. 6, no. 7; January 7, 1852; V. 7, no. 6; January 19, 1853 Pantagraph: v. 13, no. 4; Decem- ber 29, 1858 Cairo Democrat (d) : v. 2, no. 150-153, 155. 161-163, 165-171. 173-176, 179, 181-194, 199-208, 210-214, 216-217, 219-220, 228, 230-231, 233-236, 241-247, 251-256, 259, 261-269, 274, 27S-281, 287, 289, 294-295, 298, 300, 302, 304; February 22-September i, 1865 ; v. 3, no. 3, 6-7, 12-15, 18, 21-22, 26, 29, 40, 50, 56, 63, 65-68, 75, 79, 89, 91, 196, 204-205, 208, 213, 217-221, 224-225, 227, 230, 232, 234, 237, 240, 242-243, 246- 250, 252, 256, 258-260, 264-271; September 3, 1865- July 11, 1866 Canton Register: v. 3, no. 48; August 7, 1852 Carlinville Democrat: v. 13, no. 11; Novem- ber 12, 1868 Macoupin Statesman: v. i, no. 3; March 18, 1852 Champaign Union and Gazette: v. 16, no. 18; March 21, 1867 Chicago American Churchman: v. 5, no. i, 3-33. 35-52; April 5, 1866- March 28, 1867; v. 6, no. 1-39; April 4-December 26, 1867 Journal: January 27, 1854 Evening Journal: v. 27, no. 177— 178, 182-184, 186-187, 189, 191, 193-194, 196-197, 202, 205; November 3 -December 6, 1865 ; v. 28, nos. I, 2, 6, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21-24, 26, 28, 29, 31-44, 46, 48-70, 72-73, 75-82, 85, 88, 98, 105, in; December 12, 1865- April 21, 1866; V. 23, nos. 1, 4-8, II, 14-17. 21, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31. 34, 36, 37. 40, 42, 43. 45-51. 53-56, 58, 60, 62, 66, 69-71, 73, 82; April 23, 1866-July 27, 1866 Lakeside Monthly: v. 7, no. 28-42; February- June, 1872; v. 8, no. 43-48; July-December, 1872 Legal News: 1871-1901 Chicago Magazine, The West As It Is: V. I, no. i; March, 1857 Northwestern Church: v. 1-2; April I, 1862-March 15, 1864; V. 3. nos. 1-23, 25-42; April 7, 1864-March 30, 1865; V. 4, no. 1-34, 36, 38-48; April 6, 1865- March 29, 1866 Northwestern Educator: v. 3, no. I, 3; 1849; V. 4, no. I, 2; 1849 Prairie Farmer: 1846-185 2, 1854- 1855, 1867-1868 388 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS SPRINGFIELD — continued State Historical Library Chicago Press and Tribune (d): v. 12, no. 59, 67, 82, 85; September 9- October 9, 1858 Chicago Pulpit: v. i, no. 1-3; December 30, 187 r- January 13, 1872 Chicago Record: v. i, no. r— 12; .A.pril r, i8s7-March i, r858 Church-Record: v. ^, no. i— 12; April r, r858-March i, r8s9; V. 3, no. r-24; April I, 1859- March r5, i860 Chicago Record: v. 4, no. i, 2, 3, 5-1 1, 13-24; April ±, 1860- March 15, r86r; v. 5, nos. 2-24; April 15, 1861-March 15, 1862 Republican: v. 2, no. 132, 188; Novemben, 1866- January 9, 1867 Times: v. 6, no. 345; July i, i860; V. 9, nos. 16—108, no, 113— 125, 127-132, 134-153. 155-157. 159- 177, 179-193, 195-200, 202-222, 224—237, V. 9, nos. 240-249, 251— 274, 276-303, 305-308; Septem- ber 7, 1863-August 22, 1864; V. 10, no. I— 10, 12—17, 19. 21—32, 33-78,80-82, 85-89, 91; Junei- December 19, 1864; v. 10, no. 21, December 21. 1864 (new numbering), 22-28, 31, 33-42, 44-5°. 52-54. 57-58, 60-64, 66- 68, 70-71, 73-81, 83-88, 91, 93. 94, 95. 97. 98, 99. 100-103, 105—107; December 21, 1864- March 29, 1865; v. 11, no. 108, (March 30, 1865), 109-113, 115- 119; April 12, 1865; V. II, no. no (April 13, 1865) (New num- bering), 111-115, 117-124, 126- 133. 135-140, 142. 144. 145-157. 159-166; June 16, 1865; V. II, no. 197 (June 17, 1865,) (new numbering), 198—104, 206-321; July 15, 1865 Tribune: o. s. v. 8, no.?; January 21, 27, 1854; V. 17, no. 53-58, 60-63, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79-84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95- 98, 100-105, 107-112, 114, 115, 117, 119, 122-126, 126 (?), 128- '^ih 135-158, 140, 142-147. 149- 154, 156-161, 163-167, 169-172, 178-180, 182-187, 189-190, 192- 193. 197-208, 210-216, 218-220, 223, 225-226, 228, 230, 232-235, 237-242, 244-250, 252-255, 257- 268, 270-275, 277-280, 282, 284- 289, 291-294, repeats number- ing-270-276, 278-283, 285, 286, 288-290, 292-297, 299, 300-304, 306-311, 313-318, 320-325. 327- 331. 333-334, 336-338, 340-343. 345-346, 348-351; September 7, 1863-1864; V. 18, no. 25-26, 28- 32, 34-39. 41-44, 46, 48-50, 52, S3, 55, S7-6o, 62-63, 65-67. 69, 71-74, 76-81, 83-86, 90-94, 96- 102, 104-109, 111-116, 118-122, 125-130, 132-137, 139-142, 144, 146-150, 152, 153-157, 159-171, 173-177, 179-183, 185-190, 192- 197, 199—204, 206, 208—211, 213— 214, 216-218, 220, 221-225, 227- 232, 234-239, 241-246, 248-250, 252-253, 255-256, 258-259, 262, 263-266; 269, 270, 271—280, 282, 283, 286-287, 289-296, 298-300, 302,303, 305-306, 310, 312-313, 316-321, 323-3 2S, 330-331, 333, 334; June 9, 1865; V. 19, no. i, 3-4, 6-8, 10-12, 14, 17-22, 24, 26-27, 30-35, 38-42, 44-45. 47. 49. 51. 56. 58-59. 61-63, 65-70, 72-73. 76-77. 79-81. 86-87, 89- 90, 102, 104-108, iio-iii, ii6- 121. 123-128, 130-131, 133,137- 142, i44-r45, 147-148, 151-156, 159, 161— 163, 165—169, 172-174, 176-177, 179, 183, 189, 192-193, 195, 199—202, 206-207, 210; June lo-December 30, 1865; V. 20, no. 226, 257; January 20- Fpbruary 20, 1867; v. 21, no. 25; December 19, 1867 Decatur Gazette: v. i, no. i, 27, 33; August 13, 1851-February 12, 1852; Continued as Skoaif's Family Gazette: v. i, no. 45; May 6, 1852; v. 2, no. 28, 31; January 14-February 4, 1853 Dixon Sun: V. g, no. 2; July 12. 1876 Edwards viLLE Illinois Republican: v. 2, no. 58; Wednesday July 14, 1824 Feeeport Journal: v. 6, no. 9, 24; March 13- June 29, 1854 LIBRARY FILES 389 SPRINGFIELD— continued State Historical Library Galena Galenian: v. j, no. 26; November 8, 1833 Grafton Backwoodsman: v. i, no. 37, June 21, 1838 Hennepin Genius of Universal Emanicapition: V. 16, no. i, 3; November 9, 1838-March 8, 1839 Jacksonville Constitutionist: v. i, no. 11-13, 32-33; June i2-November 13, 1852. Continued as Jacksonville Constitutionist: v. 2, no. 16, 30; July 27-November 2> i8S3 Daily Constitutionist: v. i, no. no, 112; June 13, 15, 1854 Illinois Sentinel: v. 2, no. 15, 17; May 16, 30, 1856 Jacksonville Sentinel: v. 12, no. 47; January 31, 1867; v. 13, no. i; March 14, 1867 Illinois Statesman: v. i, no. 1-48, 50-52; April 29, 1843-May 27, 1844 Independent: v. i, no. 20; Septem- ber 9, 1869 Tri-Tveekly Evening Journal: v. 1, no. 29; June 17, 1850 Journal (w): v. 18, no. 3 July; 4, 1861; v. 22, no. 38; March i, 1866; V. 23, no. 33, 37; January 24-February 21, 1867; V. 24, no. 39; March 5, 1868; v. 25, no. 22; November 5, 1868; v. 26, no. 13, 28; September 2-Decem- ber 16, 1869. Continued as Morgan Journal (w) : v. 6, no. 8 ; July 21, 1849; V. 7, no. 4, 18, 19, 25. .39. 42-43. 45 ; Jim 22, 1850- April 12, 185 1 ; V. 8, no. 49, 52; May 15, June 5, 1852; v. 9, no. 1-6, 8-9, 24, 34, 44, 47, 49. 52; June 12, 1852-June 2, 1853; V. 10, no. 3-4, 8-9, II, 14, 17, 29. 34. 37; June 23, 1853- February 16, 1854; v. 11, no. 2, 5-10, 21, 23, 34; June IS, 1854- February i, 1855; v. 12, no. ?, 50; February 21-May 29, 1856; v. 13, no. 1-3; 26-27; 31; June 19, 1856- January, 22, 1857; v. 14, no. 18; October 22, 1857; v. 15, no. 33 ; February 3, 1859 Journal (d): v. i, whole no. 242- 243, 247-251; January 25- February 5, 1867; v. 2, no. 220, 225, 229, 232, 235, 239, 244, 246, 257-258, 261, 267-268, 284; January 6, March 19, 1868; v. 3, no. 25, 122, 145, 231, 271, 276, 305 ; May 15, 1868-ApriI 8, 1869; V. 4, no. 4, 5; April 17, 19, 1869; v. 5, no. 14, 214, 216, 220-221, 226, 248; April 28, 1870- Jan- uary 28, 187 1 Press (tri-w.) : v. x, no. 11, 15-16, 19; October 29-November 17, 1852 Jerseyville Prairie State: v. 4, no. 20; January 14, 1854 Kaskaskia Illinois Herald: v. i, no. 30; Wednesday, December 13, 1814 Republican: v. .i, no. 104; March 31. 1825 Lewistown Illinois Public Ledger: v. ii, no. 31 ; May 6, 1852 Marshall Illinois State Democrat: v. 2, no. 47; January 4, 185 1. [Part of the paper only.] Telegraph: v. 2, no. ?; December ^i. 1853 Nauvoo Expositor: v. i, no. i; June 7, 1844. [No more published.] Times and Seasons: \. 5, no 1-24; January i, 1844- January i, 1844 [Should be January i, 1845] Ottawa Free Trader: v. 7, no. 26; January I, 1847; V. 12, no. 14, 17, 44; November 22, i85i-Junei9, 1852 Republican: v. 3, no. 17; October 7, 1854; V. 14, no. 2; June 17, 1865 Pekin Plaindealer: v. 1, no. 4; April 13, 1854 Peoria Illinois Banner: v. i, no. 3-5; March 6-20, 1852 Illinois Teacher: 1855-1872. [Pub- lished in Bloomington, after- wards in Peoria] 39° ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS SPRINGFIELD — continued State Historical Library Peoria The Motto of Jubilee College: v. i, no. i-v. i!, no. 7 [except v. i, no. 4 and lo, v. 2, no. 5, 8, 11, inc]; July 26, 1847-October I, 1852 Temperance Magazine: v. 1 , no. 2 ; August, 1867 Petersburg Menard County Times: v. 5, no. 11; October 25, 1877 Menard Index: v. 4, no. 7 ; Feb- ruary 6, 1858 QXJINCY Herald + Argus: v. 15, no. 35; May 17, 1850. [Mutilated copy] Whig: V. 13, no. 40, 41; Decem- ber 31, 1850- January 7, 1851; V. 18, no. 41; May 18, 1869 Shawneetown Illinois Gazette: v. 6, no. 29; February 18, 1826 Springfield Daily Enterprise: v. i, no. 186; January 27, 1855 Sangamon Journal: v. i, no. 4-10; November 10, 1831-January 12, 1832. [Name changed v. 1, no. II to Sangamo Journal] Sangamo Journal: v. i, no. 11-52; January 19-November 3, 1832; V. 2, no. 53-104; November 10, 1832-November 2, 1833; V. 3, no. 105-156; November 9, 1833- November i, 1834; v. 4, no. 157- 185, 188-204; November 8, 1834-October 3, 1835; V. 4, no. 51-52 (whole no. 208-209). October 24-31, 1835; v. 5, no. ij 3~4! 7) 9; io~S3' (whole num- ber 209-261) ; November 7, 1835-November 5, 1836; V. 6, no. 2-52; November 11, 1836- October 28, 1837; v. 7, no. 1-2, 4-24, 27-45, 47, 51-53; Novem- ber 4, 1837-October 27, 1838; V. 8, no. 2-8, 10-23, 25 30-52; November 3, 1838- Octo- ber 12, 1839; V. 9, no. 1-8; (whole nos. 416-423) ; October 18-December 6, 1839 Sangamo Journal (semi-w) : no. 1 , 3-15 (new numbering) ; Decem- ber 9, 1839- January 31, 1840 Sangamo Journal (w) : v. 9, no. i, 17-25. 25 (?)-34, 36, 39 (?). 39 (?). 3o(?). 3i-4S'[whoIe nos. 434- 43S; 435 (?). 437-452, 544-458, 458 (?), 460-470, 473, 177]; February 21-November 27, 1840 Sangamo Journal (s-w): v i, no. 3. 3 (?). 4-8, 10, 13-22 (new numbering) ; December 4, 1840- February 25, 1841 Sangamo Journal (w) : v. 10, no. 26, 28-32, 26-48, 50-52; (whole nos. 496, 498-502, 504-511, 513- 516,518-520); March 5-August 20, 1841; V. 10, no. 1-28, 28(?)- 38, 41-42, 45-47. 47(?)-52; August 27, 1841-August 19, 1842; V. II, no. i-io; August 26- October 28, 1842; v. 12, no. 11- 22, 22(?)-24, 26-28; November 1842-February 23, 1843; V. 13, no. 39; May 9, 1844; v. 14, no. 2-4, 6-8, 10-13, 15, 17-31. 33> 35-42, 44-45, 47-52; August 22, 1844-August 7, 1845; V. 15, no. 16-18, 21-53; November 27, 1845-August 13, 1846; V. 16, no. 2-13, 15. 17-45, 45(?)-5i; August 20, 1846- July 9, 1847; V. 16, (new numbering) ; no. 25- 26, 28-42, 44, 46, 47; April 8- September 3, 1847; v. 17, no. j., 3-S, i(?)-S. whole no. 830, 83o(?), 831, 83i(?), 833-837; July 20-September 3, 1847. Continued as Illinois Journal (w) : v. 17, no. 6-8, 10-27, 29-43, 45-51; September 10, 1847-August 2, 1848; V. 18, no. 1-6, 8-9, 12-35, 37, 40-50; August 9, 1848- July 18, 1849; V. 19, no. 1-21 ; August 8-Decem- ber 26, 1849; V. 20; January 23, 1850-December 22, 1852; August I, 1855-December 31, 1856; January-December 1873 Illinois State Journal (w) : January- December, 1874 Illinois Journal (w) : January- December, 1875 Illinois Daily Journal: January 2- December3i, 1849; January 23- December 29, 1852; January i, 1852-December 31, 1853; Jan- uary 2,- June 5, July ii-Decem- ber 31, 1855; January 2-June LIBRARY FILES 391 SPRINGFIELD — continued State Historical Library Springfield 29, July i-December 31, 1856; January i-June 12, July 13- December3i, 1857; 1858; 1859; July 2-December 31, i860; January-June 29, July-Decem- ber, 1861; 1862; 1863; January- November 30, 1864; 1865; Jan- uary—June 29, July 2-December, 1866; 1867; 1868; 1869; 1870; January 2- June 28, July-Decem- ber, 1871; 1872; 1873; 1874 Illinois State Journal (d) : 1875 to date Illinois Organ: v. 3, no. 30; March I, 185 1 Illinois State Register: n. s. v. i, no. 3-1- (o. s. V. 4, no. 24) ; August 24,1839 to date [except 2859] [For earlier numbers see Vandalia] Illinois State Register (tri-w) : v. 3, no. 1—36; June 14— September 3, 1847 [with constitution conven- tion supplement for September 3. 1847] Lincoln Clarion: v. i, no. 7; July 17, i860 Vandalia Illinois Advocate and State Regis- ter: V. 4, no. 34-40; February i8-April I, 183s Illinois Advocate: v. 4, no. 41—52; April 15- July 1, 183s; V. s, no. 1-6, 8-22, 24-28, 30-31, 34-35; July 8, i83S-March 16, 1836 Illinois State Register and Illinois Advocate: (v. i, no. 7 and v. 5, no. 36) = v. I, no. 7-19; March 25- June 17, 1836 Illinois State Register and People's Advocate: v. i, no. 20—38; June 24-November 19, 1836 Illinois State Register (w): v. i, no. 41; December ji, 1836; v. I, no. 4i(?); December 9, 1836 Illinois State Register (semi-w) : v. I, no. 1-3 ; December 8-15, 1836 Illinois State Register nod People's Advocate (w): v. i, no. 43; December 23, 1836; v. 2, no. S-21; March 24- July 28, 1837; V. 2, no. 20; August 4, 1837; v. 2, no. 21-35 ; August 7, 1837-?; v. 2, no. 36-40, 42-44, 51-52; August 7, 1837-March z, 1838; V. 3, no. 1-23, 25-37, 39; March g-December 7, 1838; v. 3, no. 52; March 8, 1839; v. 4, no. 1-21; March 15-August 2, 1839 Illinois State Register and People's Advocate (semi-w): v. i, no. 6-7, 11-13, 20-21, December 29, i836-March 6, 1837 State Register (w): December 11, 13, 25, 28, 1838; January i, 8, 15, 22, 29, 1839 Illinois Intelligencer: v. 7, no. 3- 52; December 7, 1822-January 30, 1824; V. 8, no. 1-6; February 13-March 19, 1824; V. 8, no. 8-33> 35-52; May 7(?), 1824- March 11, 1825; v. 9, no. 1-3, S-ii, 13-17, I7(?), 19-36,38-52; March 8, i82S-March 16, 1826; V. 10, no 31-33; October 28- November 11, 1826 Vandalia Whig and Illinois In- telligencer: V. i, no. 23; August 22, 1832 Winchester Western Unionist: v. x, no. 14, 37; June 6-November 14, 185 1 SPRING VALLEY Public Librarv. No report STERLING Public Library. No files STREATOR Public Library SYCAMORE Public Library Chicago Inter-Ocean: A few copies, 1874 Sunday Times: 1872-1874 Sunday Tribune: 1872-1874; January-November, 1875 Western Rural: 187 2-1873 De Kalb De Kalb County News: March 1867-February, 1869 De Kalb County Sentinel: May i8s9-May, 1861 Sycamore Republican and Sentinel: Octo- ber, 1861-January, 1865 Republican Sentinel: May, 1854- January, 1858 True Republican: September, i8s7-June, 1861 TAYLORVILLE Public Library. No files 392 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS TEUTOPOLIS St. Joseph's College Library. No report TISKILWA Public Library. No files TOULON Public Library. No report TUSCOLA Public Library. No files UPPER ALTON Shurtleff College Library. No re- port URBANA Free Library Central Illinois Gazette: November i8, 1864-March 16, i866 Gazette and Union: March 4, 1868- October 19, 1870 Union and Gazette: April 20, 1866- November 13, 1867 University of Illinois Library Abingdon Knox County Democrat: v. 6, no. 30; February 24, 1876 Albion Independent: v. 11, no. 50; Feb- ruary 24, 1876 Journal: v. 7, no. 30; Feburary 26, 1876 Aledo Weekly Record: v. ig, no. 36; February 23, 1876 Alton Daily Morning Courier: v. j., 2; May 29, i8S2-May 31, 1854 Weekly Courier: v. 3; June i, i8s4-May 31, 1855 Illinois Temperance Herald (m) : v. I, no. 1-4; June i-September, Missouri and Illinois Temperance Herald and Washingtonian: v. 3, no. g; February, 1839; v. 5 no. 4, September, 1840; v. 5, no. 7, January, 1841; v. 6, no. i, October, 1841, no. 6, January, 1842 Telegraph and Democratic Review: V. 8, 10; January 7, 1843-Decem- ber 27, 184s Telegraph: v. 11-17; January 3, 1846-December 31, 1852 Telegraph, Daily: v. 15. 'no. 21; February 22, 1876 Amboy Journal: v. 20, no. 50; March 15, 1876 Anna Farmer and Fruit Grower: v. 6, 1882, complete; v. 5-9, 1882- 1886 incomplete Aurora Beacon (s-w) : v. 29, no. 9-10; March i, 10, 1876 JTeraW.-v. 10, no.4i;March 11,1876 Daily News: v. 3, no. 21; Feb- ruary 24, 1876 Volksjreund: v. 8, no. 9; February 26, 1876 Batavia News: v. 7, no. 44; February 25, 1876 Belleville Advocate: v. 23, no. 43; August 8, 1862; v. 37, no. 22; February 25, 1876 Democrat: v. 19, no. 2; January 6, 1876 Stern des Westens (d) : v. 11, no. 201; February 22, 1876 Treu-Bund: v. 3, no. 19-20, February 18, 25, 1876 Zeitung: v. 28, no. 7, 8; February 17, 24, 1876 Belvidere Northwestern: v. 10, no. 6; February 25, 1876 Benton Standard: v. 23, no. 32; February 24, 1876 Bloomington McLean County Deutsche Presse: V. 5, no. 49; February 19, 1876 Pantagraph: v. 30, no. 6 ; February ir, 1876 Post: V. 3, no. 6; February ig, 1876 Leader: v. 8, no. ir; February 17, 1876 Leader (d) : v. 7, no. 306; February 19, 1876 Brighton Advance: v. 5, no. 44; February 23, 1876 Brimfield Gazette: v. t no ii; February 24, 1876 Cairo Cairo Argus and Mound City Journal: v. 12, no. 14; February 26, 1876 LIBRARY FILES 393 URB ANA — continued University of Illinois Library Cairo Bulletin: v. 7, no. 359; February 22, 1876 Evening Sun: v. 5, no. 275; February 22, 1876 Weekly Sun and Commercial: n. s. V. 3, no. 15; February 23, 1876 Cambridge Prairie Chief: v. 9, no. 442; February 26, 1876 Canton Register: n. s. v. 1, no. i, whole no. 1376; March 3, 1876 Carthage Gazette: v. 11, no. 35; February 9, 1876 Repiiblican: v. 23, no. 1151; April 12, 1876 Champaign Central Illinois Gazette: v. 1—4, March 10, 1858-February 26, 1862; V. 13, no. 47-50, October 14, 1864-November 4, 1864; V. 14, 15, no. 1-21; November II, 1864-April 6, 1866. Changed to Union and Gazette: v. 15, no. 22- V. 18, no. 15; April 13, 1866- February 24, 1869 Changed to Champaign County Gazette: v. 18, no. 16+ ; March 3, 1869+ Champaign Daily Gazette: v. i, no. 1+ ; November 5, 1883 + Chatsworth Plaindealer: v. 3, no. 16; February 19, 1876 Chicago Advent Christian Times: v. 13, no. 27; February 23, 1876 American Builder and Journal 0} Art: 187 1 Botanical Gazette: v. i+; Novem- ber, 1875+ [v. 9-1 1 incomplete] Carl Pretzel's Illustrated Weekly: v. 2, no. 28; February 26, 1876 Morning Courier: v. 5, no. 44; February 22, 1876 Daheim (Sunday): v. 6, no. 9; February 27, 1876 Democrat: v. 3, no. 33 (n. s. v. ±, no. 3); December 7, 1836 Democratic Advocate and Com- mercial Advertiser: v. i, no. 3; February 17, 1844 Eulenspiegel: v. 4, no. 6; February 12, 1876 Evening Lamp: v. 7, no. 10; February 26, 1876 Farm, Field and Stockman: v. 9-10; December, 1885 + ; November 26, 1887 Farmer's Review: v. 10-13, 15-24, 28, 30+; 1883-1884, July- December, 1885, 1886-1893, 1897, 1899+ Freie Presse, Chicagoer: v. 6, no. 45; February 22, 1876 Gem 0} the Prairie: v. 5, no. 20; October 7, 1848 Illinois Staats-Zeitung: v. 29, no. 45 Industrial Age: v. 3, no. 19; February 12, 1876 Inter-Ocean (w) : February 24, 1876 Inter-Ocean (semi-w) : February 21, 1876 Evening Journal: v. 21, no. 69; March 25, 1862; v. 32, no. 259; February 22, 1876 Landlord and Tenant: v. i, no. 52; February 19, 1876 Legal News: v. 3+ ; 1872+ Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873 National Live Stock Journal: v. 1, 3-11, 13-18; 1870-August, 1871; January, 1872-1880; January, 1882-1887 Norden: v. 3, no. 8; February 24, 1876 Northwestern Christian Advocate: V. 18, no. 7, February 16, 1870 Northwestern Farmer: v. 4; 1869 Nya Verlden: v. 8, no. 9; February 26, 1876 Post and Mail: v. 12, no, 45; February 22, 1876 Prairie Farmer: v. 33-38, 40+ ; 1865-1868,1869+ [also some numbers of v. 26-32, 1862-1865] Presbyterian Recorder: v. i, no. i; January 3, 1861 Railway Age: f. 29-45 ; 1900-1908 Railroad Age Gazette: v. 53 + (n. s. 45); June, 1908 + Railway Master Mechanic: v. 23, no. 24; July, 1899+ Railway Review: v. 1 2, no. 11; March 11, 1876 Religio-Philosofihical Journal: v. 19, no. 23; February 19, 1876 394 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS URB ANA — continued University of Illinois Library Chicago Skandinaven: v. lo, no. 44; February 22, 1876 Standard: v. 23, no. 21; February 24, 1876 Svenska Amerikanaren: v. 4, no. 8; February 24, 1876 Times: v. 22, no. ?; February 22, 1876 Tribune (Sunday): v. 29, no. 178; February 20, 1876 Tribune (tri-w): v. 29, no. 80; February, 1876 Tribune (d) : v. S7> no. 305+ ; November i, 1897+ [July- August, 1899 missing] Westen, Der: v. 22, no. 8; February 20, 1876 Western Druggist: v. ly; 1895 Western Manufacturer: v. 6-r5; 1878-1887 Western Rural: v. 15, 22—24, 29- 30; 1877, 1884-1886, 1891-1892, [also V. 14, 19, 20, 31 incom- plete; v. 22-31, 1884-1893 have title Western Rural and Ameri- can Stockman"] Western Rural and Live Stock Weekly: v. 55-56; 1897-1898 Clinton Public: V. 20, no. 3 January 27, 1876 Register: v. 8, no. 38; February 4, 1876 Collins viLLE Liberal Democrat: v. 4, no. 20; February 18, 1876 Dallis City Advocate: v. i, no. 23, 26; February 25, March 17, 1876 Danville Commercial: v. 10, no. 49; Feb- ruary 24, 1876 Times (d): February 22, 1876 De Kalb De Kalb County News: v. 9, no. 48, 51; February 2, 23, 1876 Delavan Advertiser: v. 6, no. 42; February 17, 1876 Times: v. 2, no. 25; February 18, 1876 Dixon Sun: v.8,no.34; February 23, 1876 Western Farmer: v. 11, no. 2; February, 1876 East St. Louis Press (d): v. i, no. 26; Febru- ary 22, 1876 St. Clair Tribune: v. i, no. 50; February 3, 1876 Edwards viLLE Republican: v. 7, no. 36; February 23, 1876 Elgin Advocate: v. 6, no. 8; February 19, 1876. [Gazette established 1855; Advocate e&ta.h\\shed, 1871; Con- solidated, May 30, 1874] Daily Bluff City: v. 2, no. 59; March 10, 1876 Times (d): v. i, no. 203; March IS, 1876 Elgin (and Aurora) Informer (m); v. i. no. ^, 3; February, March, 1876 Elmwood Messenger: v. 3, no. i; March 3, 1876 Evanston Index: v. 4, no. 38, 39; February 19, 26, 1876 Herald: v. t, no. 17; February 25, 1876 Fairfield Wayne County Republican: One number, 1886 Forres ton Herald: v. i, no. 44; February 26, 1876 Galesburg Northwestern Intelligencer: v. 2, no. 19; December 7, 1849 Republican-Register: v. 6, no. 252, 269; February 22, March 13, 1876; [Republican, v. 6, no. 48; February, 1876; Register, v. 11, no. 4, February 26, 1876] Galva Journal: v. 5, no. 8; February 25, 1876 Geneseo Republic: v. 20, no. 40; February 25, 1876 GOLCONDA Herald: v. 19, no. 15 ; February 4, 1876 Grayville Independent: v. 17, no. 50; Feb- ruary 24, 1876 LIBRARY FILES 39S URBAN A — continued University of Illinois Library Gkiggsville Pike County Free Press: v. 2, no. 31; November 11, 1847 Hennepin Putnam Record: v. 8, no. 28; February 11, 1876 Henry Republican: v. 24, no. 35 ; February 24, r876 Highland Union: v. 13, no. 19; February 25, 1876 HiLLSBORO Montgomery News: v. 6, no. 3r; February 25, 1876 JOLIET Sun(d): V. 2, no. r2o; February 22, 1876 Sun (w) : V. 4, no. 3 T ; February 24, 1876 , Kankakee Courrier de Illinois: v. 8, no. 337; February 24, 1876 Herald: v. 4, no. 22; February 25, r876 Keithsburg News: v. 2, no 48; February 24, 1876 KlNMUNDY Independent: v. 9, no. 47 ; February 25, 1876 Knoxville Diocese: v.3,no. 10; February, 1876 La Harpe La Harper: v. i, no. 19, 22; February 25, March 17, 1876 Le Roy Enterprise: v. 2, no. 14; February 18, 1876 Litchfield MorUgomery County Democrat: v. 2, no. 19; February 25, 1876 Magnolia News: v. 11, no. 52; February 3, r876 Marengo Republican: v. 8, no. 44; February 26, 1876 Marion Egyptian Press: v. 1, no. 40; February 24, 1876 Marshall Illinois State Democrat: v. i, no. 7; March 24, 1849 Mascoutah Enterprise: v. 1, no. 16; February 22, 1876 Mason City Independent: v. 9, no. 34; February 25, 1876 Mendota Bulletin: v. 14, no. 8; February 25, 1876 Metropolis Massac Journal: v. 11, no. 19; February 19, 1876 Milton Beacon: v. i, no. 45; February 2r, 1876 MONMOXTTH Atlas: V. 30, no. 20; March 3, 1876 College Courier: v. 9, no. 6; February, 1876 Monticello Piatt County Herald: v. 2, no. 48; February 23, 1876 Morris ville Times: v. 1, no. 27; February 26, 1876 Nashville Journal: v. 14, no. 7; February 23, 1876 Washington County Zeitung: v. 2, no. 49; February 23, 1876 Nauvoo Independent: v. 3, no. 16; Feb- ruary 25, 1876 Nevst Burnside Journal: v. 3, no. 8; February 26, 1876 NOKOMIS Gazette: v. 5, no. 15; February 25, 1876 Normal Illinois Schoolmaster: v. 7-9 ; 1874- 1876 Olney News: v. 1, no. 19; February 23, 1876 Ottawa Republican: v. 24, no. 38 ; February 24, 1876 Paw Paw News: v. 2, no. 28; March 15, 1876 Pekin Bulletin (d): v. i, no. 44; Feb- ruary 22, 1876 Tazewell Weekly Mirror: v. 4, no. 42; April 30, 1852 396 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS URBANA — continued University of Illinois Library Peon Tazewell County Republican: v. 41, no. 12; February 25, 1876 Peoeia Deutsche Zeitung: v. 24, no. 1246; February 23, 1876 Deutsche Zeitung (d) : v. 24, no. 27s; February 22, 1876 Illinois Teacher: v. 4-5, 14-15, 17-18; 1858-1859, 1868-1869, 1871-1872 National Democrat (d): v. 11, no. 147; February 22, 1876 National Democrat (w) : v. 1 1 , no. 25; February 24, 1876 Transcript (d): v. 21, no. 45; February 22, 1876 Transcript (w): v. 21, no. 8; Feb- ruary 24, 1876 Western Scientific Journal: v. 2, no. 11; February, 1876 PiNCKNEYVILLE Independent: v. ^2, no. 6; February 26, 1876 PiTTSFIELD Pike County Free Press: v. 2, no. 31; November 11, 1847 Polo Christian Radical: v. i, no. 5; January, 1876 PONTIAC Sentinel: v. ig, no. 35; February 24, 1876 QUINCY Commercial Review: v. 4, no. 27; February 26, 1876 Herald (d): v. 27, no. 13; February 22, 1876 Western Agriculturist: v. 9-20; 1877-1888 Rantoul Journal: v. 1, no. 18; Feb. 24,1876 ROCHELLE Register: v. 13, no. 28; Februar-v 26, 1876 Rock Falls Progress: v. 6, no. 13; February 26, 1876 ROCKFOED Golden Censer: v. 8, no. 43; February 19, 1876 Rock Island Argus (d): v. 25, no.?; February 22, 1876 Neue Volks-Zeitung: v. i, no. 49; February 23, 1876 Union (d): v. 14, no. 44; February 22, 1876 Union (vy): v. 19, no. 9; February 26, 1876 Rossville Observer: v. 3, no. 43; February 25, 1876 Rushville Schuyler Citizen: v. 19, no. 52; February 24, 1826 Salem Advocate (w): v. 19, no. 9; Febru- ary 24, 1876 Industrial: v. 1, no. 39; February 23, 1876 SANDVlflCH Free Press: v. i, no. 38; April i, 1874 Gazette: v. 12, no. 13; February 25, 1876 Savanna Times (w) : v. i, no. 35, 36; February 26, March 4, 1876 Shawneetown Shawnee Herald: v. i, no. 3; February 25, 1876 Southern Illinois Advocate: v. i, no. 34; Friday, May 25, 1849 Sheldon Enterprise: v. 2, no. 9; February 24, 1876 SOMONAUK Reveille: v. i, no. 6; January 22, 1876 Spaeta Democrat: n. s. v. i, no. 13, whole no. 89; November 5, 1842 Springfield Illinois Farmer: v. 6-8; 1861-1863 Sangamo Journal: v. i, no. 15, 19; January 26, February 9, 1841; V. 10, no. 43, (8), June 18, October 15, 1841; v. 10, no. 22- 23. 2S. 37-38, January 21, 28, February 11, May 13, 20, 1842; v. 13, no. 13, November 9, 1843 Illinois Journal: v. 17, no. 11, 15, 18-21, 25-26, 31, October 14, November 18, December 9, 16, 23, 30, 1847; January 27, Feb- ruary 3, March, 9, 1848 Illinois Daily Journal: v. 2, no. II, June 6, 1849; V. 3, no. 164, December 6, 1850 LIBRARY FILES 397 URBANA — continued University of Illinois Library Springfield Illinois Daily State Journal: v. 17, no. 210, 262, 266, 268, 273, April 17, 22, 25, May 2, 1865; V. 20, no. 146, 282; December 28, 1867, June 3, 1868 Illinois Journal (d): v. 28, no. 228, February 22, 1876 Illinois Organ: v. i, no. i, 18, 24; June 24, October 21, December 2, 1848; V. 3, no. 8,-12, 14-16, 24, 26, 30, 35-36, 38, 47,49-50; June 24, 1848- July 19, 1851 Illinois State Register: n. s. v. 6, no. 34; April 11, r845; v. r4, no. 5, 8; April 5, 26, 1849; v. 21, no. 27, August 28, 1856; January 9- February 25, 1861; January i- December 3r, r87r Daily Illinois State Register: v. 10, no. gr, 157; April r4, July 16, 1857; V. 13, no. r83, 188; August 3, 9, i860 Daily Register: v. 1, no. 60, 69, 80 (7); March 12, 22, April 2, 1849; V. 2, no. 14, 42; January 17, February 19, 1850 Independent Democrat: v. i , no. i ; March 20, 1843 Legislative State Register: v. i, no. 37; March i, 1843. Extra, December 7, 1842 Republican, Daily Springfield: v. I, no. i; February 9, 1857 Sterling Standard: v. 9, no. 9; February 26, 1876 Sycamore Christian Pilgrim: v. 4, no. 2; February, 1876 City Weekly: v. 4, no. 21; February 8, 1876 DeKalb County Farmer: v. i, no. 8; April, 1872 Pearl (m): v. 6, no. 1, January, 1876 Reformer and Free Press: v. 4, no. 168; January 6, 1876 Stone Fort Journal: v. 3, no. 8; February 26, 1876 Tamaroa Perry County Watchman: v. 3, no. 9; February 26, 1876 Taylorville Democrat: v. 8, no. 24; February 24, 1876 Illinois Republican: v. 12, no. 35; February 23, 1876 TOLONO Herald: v. i, no. 46; February, 1876 Urbana mini: v. 3 + ; 1874+ . [Continua- tion of Studenf] Republican: v. 7, no. 34; February 24, 1876 Student: v. 1-2; 1871-1873. [Con- tinued as Illini] Vandalia Illinois Advocate: v. 5, no. 12,13, 14, 15, 16; October 14, 21, 28, November 4, 11, 1835 Illinois Intelligencer: v. 14, no. 16; August 14, 1830 Vienna Johnson County Yeoman: v. 2, no. 26; February 26, 1876 Virginia Illinois Observer: v. i, no. 52; April 13, 1849 Warsaw Bulletin: v. 11, no. 30, 34; Feb- ruary 26, March 25, 1876 Watseka Republican: v. 20, no. 21; Feb- ruary 16, 1876 Watikegan Gazette (w): v. 26, no. 24; Feb- ruary 26, 1876 West Chicago Union Park Advocate: v. 7, no. 157; February 19, 1876 Wyoming Stark County Bee: v. i, no. 9; February 25, 1876 State Laboratory of Natural History Chicago Western Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal: v. 16-21, 23-32; 1884-1900. Continued as Live Stock Journal Prairie Farmer: v. i— 14, 19-22, 24-25, 28, 31-37, 39, 41-45. 60- 78; 1841-1906 Live Stock Journal: v. 33-40; 1901- 1904 [Continues Western Agri- culturist and Lime Stock Journal 398 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS URBANA — continued State Laboratory of Natural History Chicago Farmer's Review: v. 19 (nos. 29- 52), 20-41+ ; 1888-1909+ Farm, Field and Fireside: v. 19- 29; 1896-1906 Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873 VIENNA Public Library. No files WARREN Township Free Public Library. No fiiles WARSAW Free Public Library. No report WATSEKA Public Library. No report WAUKEGAN Public Library. No files WENONA Bond Library. No report Public Library. No report WESTFIELD Westfield College. No report WHEATON Adams Memorial Library. No files Wheaton College Library. Christian Cynosure: November, 1868 to date WILMETTE Public Library. No report WINNETKA Public Library. No report WOODSTOCK Public Library. No report YATES CITY School and Public Library. No report IN LIBRARIES OUTSIDE OF ILLINOIS Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (A) [This list preserves the form used in the check list of newspapers issued by the Library of Congress in 1900. It differs to some extent, consequently, from the lists of other libraries. Many additions to the check list of 1900, and a few corrections are here included. — F. W. S.] Alton Commercial Gazette (w) : February 8-December 25, 1839 People's Miscellany and Illinois Herald (w): v. i, no. i; July 27, 1842 Telegraph: July 18, i8so-Decem- ber 29, 1854; August 30, 1861 Telegraph (d): January 3, 1898- December3i, 1900+ Telegraph and Democratic Review: August 30, 1861 [established 183s, continued as Telegraph and Madison Co. Record 1851. Then as Telegraph Belleville Advocate: v. i, no. 2; April 11, 1840 Farmers' and Mechanics' Repository (w) : September 10, 1842 Great Western: v. i, no. 2; May 25, 1839; [no. I probably issued May 11] Illinois Beobachter: May 23, 1844 St. Clair Banner: Extra, January 16, 1844 (Proceedings of Demo- cratic Convention 2nd Judicial District) Bloomington Pantagraph (d): January i, 1898- December 31, 1900+ Pantagraph: January 7, 1898 December 28, 1900+ Times: February 3-September 21, 186 1 Cairo City Times: v. 4, no. 38, Feb- ruary 14, 185s Canton Fulton Banner: April 24- June 5, 1846 Fulton Telegraph: v. i, no. 22, August 28, 1841 Carlinville Free Democrat: December 13, i860 Champaign Central Illinois Gazette: April 4, June 9, 1861 Charleston Courier: v. i, no. 12; July 3, 1841 Illinois Globe: January 6-Decem- ber 22, 1849 LIBRARY FILES 399 WASHINGTON, D. C— continued Library of Congress Chester Southern Illinois Advocate: v. i, no. I, April 4, 1839 Chicago Advance: January 7, i87S-Decem- ber27, 1888; January 2-Decem- ber 25, 1890; October 4, 1894- June 27, 189s; July i, 1897- December 31 1900+ American: October 14, 1S37; October 30, 1840 American Field: July z, 1881- June 29, 1889; January 3- June 27, 1891; January 6, 1894- December 31, 1900+ Commercial Advertiser: April 4, 1849-December 24, 1851 Chicago Daily Commercial Adver- tiser: May 22, 185 2- January 5, 1853 Democrat: October 6— December IS, 1846 Democrat (d): July 7, 1851- November 11, 1852 Democratic Press (d): January 2- December 25, 1854; January i, i8ss-December 31, 1856 Drovers' Journal: February 26, 1880-December 30, 1886 ; January 6, 1898-December 27, 1900+ DaUy Chicago Herald: January 21- July 30, i860 Chicago Herald: July 29, 188 1- December 31, 1883; January i, 1887- June 30, 1893; July x, i8g4-March 3, 1895 Illinois Staats-Zeitung: September I, 1873-December 31, 1880 Interior: January 2, 1896-Decem- ber 31, 1900+ Inter-Ocean (d): March 27, 1872- December3i, 1900+ Inter-Ocean: January 3, 1899- December 25, 1900+ Daily Journal: January 2-Decem- 31. 1851 Tri-weekly Journal: January 4, 1866 Evening Journal: January 12, 1866-December 16, 1867 Journal: January 3, 1898-Decem- ber 31, 1900+ Journal of Commerce: January 6, 1886-December 25, 1889 Living Church: April n, 1898- April I, igoo+ II Messagiere Italiano delV Quest: January 5, 13, 20, 27, February 10, 1869 News (d): May 2-August 31, 1898, January 10, 1898-December 31, igoo+ Occident: April 26, 1878-Septem- ber 20, 1895 Our Fireside Friend: January 27, 1872-December 26, 1874 Pomeroy's Illustrated Democrat: January i, 1876-December 21, 1878; January 1, 1876- January 26, 1878 — Pomeroy's Democrat Daily Post: January 17-March 30, 1861; April 5, June 3, Septem- ber 14, 1864 Evening Post (d) : January 3, 1898- December 31, 1900+ Quid Nunc: v. i, no. i, July 12, 1842; no. 2(?), July 18, 1842 Chicago Record (m and semi-m) : April I, 1857-March 15, 1862 Reform Advocate: February 20- August 14, 1897; February 19- August 13, 1898 Republican: January i -Septem- ber 20, 1866; July 23, 1867- December 31, 1869 Saturday Evening Herald: Septem- ber 22, 1883-September 19, 188s Skandinaven: July 5, 1889-Decem- ber 29, 1900+ Standard: July 2, 1874-August 26, 1900-I- Times (d) : January i-December 31, 1856; January 3-December 31, 1858; July 31-December 31, i860; August 2-December 30, 1876; January i, 1891-August 31, 1894. [Consolidated with the Daily Chicago Herald. Con- tinued as] Times-Herald (d): March 4- December 31, 1895; January i- December 31, 1900+ [Con- solidated with the Chicago Record in igoi and continued as the Record-Herald] Daily Tribune: v. i, no. 2, April II, 1840; April 24, 1841; April 7, 10, 16, 24, 1858; March 22, 1861; January 15, 1863; June 400 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS WASHINGTON, D. C— continued Library of Congress Chicago 3, 1863-July 27, 1866 (incom- plete); February 18- June 29, 1867; April 29-December 29, 187 1 ; January i, 1872-Decem- ber 31, 1882; May i, 1883- March 31, 1908 L'XJnione Italiana (w): v, i, no. 9; October i, 1867-January 29, 1868; February-November, 1868 Union Signal: January 5, 1888- December 21, 1893; January 6, 1898-December 31, 1900+ Voice of the People (w): v. i, no. 1, June 29, 1838 Western Citizen: December 29, 1847; February i, March 7, April 4, 1848 Edwardsville Spectator: May 29, 1819-October 20, 1826 Elgin Gazette: July 19, 1851; March 25, 1871-November 22, 1873 Young People's Weekly: January 2, 1898-December 31, 1900+ Galena Advertiser: v. r, no. 8, September 7, 1829; also October ;, 12, 26, November g, 30, December 7, 14, 21, 1829 Daily Advertiser: September 21, 1861 Galenian: n. s. v. i, no. 3, May 24, 1836 Miners' Journal: November 15, December 26, 1828; February 21, June 6, 13, 20, 27, July 4, August 15, October 3, ro, 27, November 3, 24, December i- 22, 1829; January 9, July 10, 1830 Grafton Backwoodsman: v. 2, no. 26, Mav 9. 1839 Phoenix: v. ±, no. 50; April 20, 1843 Grand Detour Rock River Register: v. 2, no. 7, March 10,1843. Established 1842 Griggs viLLE Pike County Union (w) : May 2, i85S-June 9, 1856. [Formerly Pittsfield Union] Jacksonville Banner: December 4, 1833 Constitutionist: April 13-Decem- ber 17, 1853 Illinoisan: October 31, November 21, 1840; February 27-Decem- ber 25, 1841 Illinois Democrat: v. i, no. 2; May 27, 1840, June 3, 24, July i, October ij, 1840 Illinois Patriot: v. 2, no. 8; Decem- ber 22, 1832 Illinois Standard: March 17- December 29, 1838 Illinois State Gazette and Jackson- ville News: January 17- Decem- ber 23, 1835; January 20- November 26, 1836; April 22- December 28, 1837 Joliet Weekly News: January 6, 1898 Republican: v. 3, no. 3, April 2, 1864; V. 4, no. 33, October 28, 1865 JONESBORO Gazette: December 31, 1859- September 15, i860 Kaskaskia Democrat: January 2, 13, 1830 Illinois Intelligencer: January 13, 1819-December 14, 1820 Illinois Reporter: October 25, 1826 Republican: v. 2, no. %6; March 30, 1824; April 20, May 11, 25, 1824 Republican: v. j, no. 1, June 24, 1841 Western Democrat: September 19, October 10, December 22, 1829. [Continued as Kaskaskia Demo- crat] Lacon Herald: v. i, no. 9 February 10 1838 Lewiston Republican: v. i, no. i; March 19, April 2, 1844 Lowell Genius of Liberty: December 19, 1840 MOLINE Review Dispatch: January 7, 1898-December 28, 1900 -F Mt. Caemel Register: v. i, no. i; June 11, 1839; December 4, 1841 LIBRARY FILES 401 WASHINGTON, D. C— continued Library of Congress Ottawa Illinois Free Trader: v. 2, no. 10; July 30, 1841 Paris Illinois Statesman: v. 1, no. 16; May I, 1840 Prairie Beacon: July 19, 1861 Pekin Tazewell Mirror: March 3-Decem- ber 20, 1849, [odd nos.] Tazewell Reporter: v. i, no. 46; March 23, 1841 Peokea Democratic Press: June 10, No- vember 25, 1846; January 13- December 30, 1848 Democratic Union (d) : January 3- December 31, 1859 Herald (d): January i-December 29, 1898. [Consolidated with the Transcript and continued as] Herald and Transcript (d) : Decem- ber 30,1898-December 31,1900+ Illinois Champion and Peoria Herald: v. i, no. 2, March 29, 1834 Peoria Register and Northwestern Gazetteer: December 4, 1840; June II, 1841-November 18, 1842 Transcript (d) : January i-Decem- ber 29, 1898. [Consolidated, December 30, 1898, with the Herald, and continued as Herald and Transcript] Peru Ninawah Gazette: v. i, no. 2; May 23, 1840 Petersbueg Menard Index: March 7-Feb- ruary 28, 1861 PiTTSFIELD Pike County Free Press (w) : April 13, 1846-March S, 1857. [Estab- lished April 13, 1846; issued at Pittsfield and Griggsville] Slicker and Farmer's Record (w); V. I, no. i; June i, 1842 Union: September 11, 1850; June II, 1851; July 21, i8s2-April 25. 1855 QtriNCY Argus: September 26, 1840 Herald: v. i, no. 4, October 27, 1843; January 2-December 25, i8S4 Herald (d) ; June 26-December 31, 1867 Illinois Bounty Land Register: v. i, no. 3, 11; May i, June 26, 183s Old Statesman (w); v. i, no. i; July 4, 1840; I Whig: V. I, no. i; May 5, 1838 Morning Whig: January i, 1898- December 31, 1900+ Whig Republican: January 7- December 31, 1848; January 3, 1863 Rock Spring Pioneer 0} the Valley of the Missis- sippi: y. I, no. 25; October i, 1829 ROCKFOED Register: September 10, October i, yS, i8S9 Winnebago Forum: v. i, no. 2, February 24, 1843 Rttshville Republican: v. i, no. 7; January 23, 1840 St. Charles The Age: v. i, no. 4; July 21, 1843 Shawneetown Illinois Advertiser: January 21- November 4, 1837 Illinois Emigrant: January 9- September 18, 1819 Illinois Gazette: September 25- November 13, 18 19; January 20- December 2, 1820; March 3, 1821-November 30, 1822; Jan- uary 4- December 20, 1823; January lo-December 25, 1824; January 15-December 17, 1825; February ii-December 23, 1826; February 9, 1828-April 18, 1829; January 9-December 11, 1830 Illinois Republican: January i, 1842- June 3, 1843 Western Voice and Internal Im- provement Journal: January 3- December 29, 1838; August i, 1840 Speingfield Illinois Adler (Ger.): v. i, no. i; May 21, 1844 Illinois Atlas: v. 2, no. 35; May 4, 187 I 402 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS WASHINGTON, D. C — continued Library of Congress Springfield Illinois State Journal (d) : April 21, 1849-November 19, 185 1 ; January 6-February 21, 1857; March 1861-October 29, 1866; January i, 1867-December 31, 1871; January i-November 21, 1878 Illinois Weekly State Journal: March 21-July 11, 1849; Jan- uary 7-December 30, 1857: January 4, 1860-February 27, 1861 . Illinois State Register (w) : August 24-December 28, 1829; January 4-December 25, 1840; Jan- uary 3, 1844-December 18, 1846; January i-December 3, 1847 (incomplete); January 7, 1848- December 28, 1854; January i- December 31, 1857 Illinois State Register (sw) : Janu- ary i-December 25, 1840 Illinois Slate Register (d) : Jan- uary I, 1898-December 31, 19004-. [See Illinois State Re- gister and Illinois Advocate, of Vandalia] OldSoldier: v. i, no. 7, May i, 1840 Sangamo Spectator: v. i, no. 2, February 28, 1827; August 29, 1827 Times: v. i, no. 4; November g, 1843 Streator Free Press (d): January i, 1898- December 31, 1900-I- Vandalia Freeman: v. i, no. 8; July 23, 1842 Free Press: v. i, no. 7, June 24, 1836 Illinois Advocate: January 5, 1833- March 16, 1836. [Continued in Illinois State Register and People's Advocate: March 23, 1836- Deceraber 21, 1838; January 9- December 28, 1839. [Publican tion contined at Springfield] Illinois Advocate and State Register: January 3, 28, February 11, 14, 1835 Illinois Intelligencer: December 14, 1820-March 3, 1832. [Con- tinued as Vandalia Whig and Illinois Intelligencer. See also same title under Kaskaskia] Illinois Sentinel: November 22, December 7, 1839; March 14- December 5, 1840 Illinois Slate Register and People's Advocate: March 25, 1836- August 17, 1839; [March 25- June 17, 1836; Illinois St. Reg. and Illinois Advertiser'] Vandalia Whig and Illinois In- telligencer: March 28, 1832- December 31, 1833; January i- December 17, 1834. [See Illinois Intelligencer at Kaskaskia, also same title at Vandalia] Winchester Republican: v. i, no. 3; December 28, 1844 Scott County News: v. i, no. 9; September 6, i860 Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, Wisconsin (W) List Published in i8g8 Belleville Advocate (w): November 8, i8S4 Chicago Advance (w): v. 3-4; 1868-1869; V. 10-23, 25-27; 1875-1888; 1890-1892 American (w): August 30, 1839; August 2, 17, 1842 American Journal oj Education: V. 7, 1874 Bureau (m): October 1869- December, 1870; February- July, 187 1 Christian Times (w) : April, 1855- December, 1857; 1858-1866; March, 1867-December, 1868. [Styled The Standard commen- cing December, 1867] Chronicle (v?): 1872-1873; re- moved to New York City, August, 1872 Church Record: [See Chicago Record] Democrat {vr): June 4, 1835; 1842- 1845, 5 nos. Daily Democratic Press: 1856- 1857; January- June, 1858 LIBRARY FILES 403 MADISON, WISCONSIN— continued Wisconsin Historical Society Chicago Weekly Democratic Press: March, i8s4-July, 1858 Emery's Journal of Agriculture (w) : V. 2, July-December, 1858 Chicago Field (w): May, 1878- January, 1879 Herald (m): November, 187 1- November, 1873; March-May, 1877 Industrial Age (w) : August, 1873- February, 1877 Inter-Ocean (w) : 1893-1894 Weekly Magazine: -September, 1882-March, 1885 National Live Stock Journal (m): September i87i-December,i872 New Covenant (w): May 22, 1852 Daily News: June-October, 1872 Northwestern Christian Advocate (w): [January-November, 1864] Northwestern Church (semi-m; w, 1864) November, 1863-October, i86s N orthwestertk Lumberman (w1 : 1876-1894+ Prairie Farmer (m): v. 6-15; 1846-1855 Prairie Farmer (w) : v 20-23 ! July, 1859- June 1861; [United with Emery's Journal of Agricul- ture, October, 1858. Styled Em- ery's Journal of Agriculture and Prairie Farmer till December, 1859 ; and then Prairie Farmer] Prairie Farmer (w) : May-Decem- ber, 1873 Press and Tribune (d) : July- December, 1858; January- June, i860 Press and Tribune (w) : July, 1858- January, i860 Railroad Gazette (w): v. 1-3; April, 1870-October, 187 1. [Removed to New York City after the fire of October, 187 1; branch office maintained in Chicago until 188 1] Railway Age (w): v. 4-10; 1879- 1885 Railway Review (w): v. 12-15, 20- 23; May, 1876-ApriI, 1878, 18S0-1883 Chicago Record (m, semi-m, April, i860): April i8s7-March, 1862. [Styled Church Record April, i8s8-March, i860] Religio- Philosophical Journal (w) : 1869-1890; January-July, 1891 Skandinaven (w); [1878-188 1]; 1882-1884; 1885-1890; Novem- ber, 1891-December, 1892; 1893-1894-I- Sloan's Garden City (w) : Septem- ber-November, 1854 Standard (w) : 187 1 -t- Chicago Times (d) : 1870-I- Daily Tribune: May-December, 1857; 1860-1861; January- May, 1862; September, 1872-I- United States Medical Investigator (semi-m, w. 1883-1884; m. 1885) : V. 1-21; 1875-1885 Unity (w): v. 7-23; i88o-Feb- ruary, 1894 Western Railroad Gazette (w) : May, 1868-March, 1870 Western Rural (w) : May-Decem- ber, 1875 Elgin Fox River Courier (w): July 7, 1852 Galena Galenian (w): 1834-1835, 7 nos. [Styled Galena Democrat after 1835] Miners' Journal (w) : September, 1829-December, 1830. [First paper in Mississippi lead re- gion; founded by James Jones, 1826; "subscriptions payable in smelters' acceptances, lead, or cash"] Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser (w) ; November, 1834- August, 1848 Semi-Weekly Galena \Jeffersonian: October, i84S-January, 1847. [Established by Horace A.Tenny Suspended, 1855] Mauvoo Colonic Icarienne (w) : July- December, 1854 St. Charles Prairie Messenger (w): July 16, 1846 Springfield Illinois State Journal (w) : May, i8s7-March, 1863 404 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS MADISON, WlSCONSm —covMnued Wisconsin Historical Society Springfield Olive Branch: v. 1-2; August, 1848-June, 1850. [Removed from Kirtland, Ohio, July, 1849] Vandalia Illinois Intelligencer (w): 18 21- 1822, 4 nos. [Removed to Vandalia 1820; styled Illinois Herald till 18 17, and Vandalia Whig and Illinois Intelligencer, commencingi832; suspendedi839] Mercantile Library, St. Louis, Missouri (M) Alton Spectator: June i, 1832 Edwaedsville Illinois Advocate: June 5, 1832 Illinois Republican: July 21, 1824 Spectator: v. ±, no. i; May 29, 1819-October 20, 1826. [Lacks May 8, 1821; December 21, 1824] Star of the West: November 30, 1822 Western Plowhoy: July 27, 183 1 Galena Galenian: May 16, 1832 Miners' Journal: July 30, 183 1 Jacksonville Illinois Patriot: April 12, 1832 Kaskaskia Western Intelligencer: v. i, no. i, May IS, i8i6-May 20, 1818. [Lacks July 2, 16, September 12, 19, 26, October g, 16, 1816; February 26, May 28, June 4, 11, 18, 25, July 2-September 3, 1817]. Changed to Illinois Intelligencer: May 27, i8i8-May 12, 1819. [Lacks March 31, 1819] Democrat: July 26, 1831 Rock Spring Pioneer: April 24, 1829 Pioneer and Western Baptist: May 25, 1832 Shawneetown Illinois Gazette: August 3, 1822; February 14, 1826; July 2, 183 1 Speingpield Herald: May 3, 1832 Olive Branch: May i, 15, 1844 Sangamo Journal: June 7, 1832 Vandalia Illinois Intelligencer: February 20, 1821; October 12, December 7, 1822; March 30, 1826-March 3, 1832 Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts (D) Alton Cumberland Presbyterian (w) : July 9, 1869-December 25, 1879 Chicago Advance (w) : September 5, 1867- December 25, 1873; odd nos. for 1874 Commercial Advertiser: 1878-1880 Daily Tribune: December 13, 1861; May 29, June 5, 1863; April 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 1865; January- June, 1877; January I, October 25, November 28, 1879 Republican (d) : February 18, July 27, 1868; June 6, 20, 21, 1869; November 14, 1870 Evening Journal: April 17-28, May 2, 3, s, 21, 1865 Times: April 17, May 2, 12, 1865 Daily Christian Advocate: May i- June 3, 1868 Inter-Ocean: (d) : July i-Decem- ber 31, 1874; 1875-1878; Jan- uary-June 30, 1879 Matrimonial News, The: June 1, 15, October i, 15, November I, IS, December i, 1873 Northwestern Christian Advocate (w): April 19, 26, May 3, 10, 24, i86s Occident (w) : 1878-1879 Philosophical Journal: September 23-December 31, 1871 Prairie Farmer (w): January 27, March 3, July 7, 28, August 4, II, 18, September 15, October 6, November 3, 17, December is, 1866; 1869-1876 LIBRARY FILES 40s BOSTON, MASS. — contimced Boston Public Library Chicago Socialist (w) :[Chicagoer Socialist (d), 1876-1879]; September 4- December 31, 1878; January- August 16, 1879 Elgin Dial(m): April, June, 1872 Mattoon Independent Gazette (w) : April 19, 26, 1865 American Antiquarian Society (£), Alton Telegraph: October 5, 1839 Telegraph and Democratic Review: November 27, 1846 Spectator: July 16, 30, August 6, 183s AXJEORA Temperance Monitor: April, 1858 Belleville Advocate: December 4, 1863 Belvideee Northwestern: October 16, 1868 Chicago Advance: 1867-187 2 American (w): March 11— Decem- ber 30, 1837 ; January 6-20, 1838 American Builder: May, 187 1 Daily Chicago American: Novem- ber II, 1839 Banking and Insurance Chronicle: August I, 1867 Book Bulletin (w) : June 20, 1874 Bridal Veil: July, 1874 Christian Cynosure: February 7, 21, March 7, 21, April 4, 18, May I, 16, 30, June 13, 27, July II, 25, August 8, 22, September S, 19, October 3, 187 1 Christian Voice: February, 1873 Cloud and the Bow: July 7, 1858 Commercial Advertiser: July 20, 1850 Daily Commercial Advertiser: May 28, August 10, II, 13, 14, 17, 19, 19, 21, 25-27, September 2, 4, 6-10, 20, October 4, 8, 9, 11-16, 18, 23, November 15, December 7, 10, II, 1852; January i, 1853 Commercial Advertiser and Railroad Journal: February 11, 1864 Congregational Herald: June 4- MONMOUTH Atlas: April 21, 1865 Oqxjawka Spectator: April 20, 1865 QtriNCY Whig Republican: April 22, 1865 Springfield Daily Illinois State Register: April 18, 1865 Illinois Journal: April 17, 18, 22, May s, 1865 Worcester, Massachusetts July 29, August I2-September 30, October 21, 28, November ii-December 9, 1853; June 21, July s-August 2, 1855; March 27, May I, 8, 29, June 5-19, July 3-17, August 7-21, October 16, 30, November 6-December 18, 1856; January 1-15, Feb- ruary 26-March 19, 1857 Courier: June i, 1869 Democrat: September 13, Novem- ber I, 1837-January 7, 1838; September 24, 1845 Democratic Press: November 2, i8S3 Drovers' Journal: June 2, 1876 Herald of Peace: June 15, July i, IS, August I, 1869 Illinois Staats-Zeitung (d): Octo- ber 16-19, 22-27, 29-31, Novem- ber 1-3, 8-10, 12-14, 16, 17, 20, 21, i860 Interior: April 18, 1872 Inter-Ocean: 1874-1875 Daily Journal: December 2, 1858 Evening Journal: October 12, 14, 1871 Journal of Commerce: July 20, 1871 Liberal: July i, 15, August i, 15, September i, 1870 Missionary Papers: July 28, 1870 New Covenant: May 22, 1858; July 30, August 20, 1859; December 5, 1863 Daily News: October 3, Novem- ber 6, 1856 Northwestern Lumberman: 1875- 188 1 Northwestern Prairie Farmer: September 10, 1859 Our Texas Home: August, 1876 4o6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS WORCESTER, U ASS.— continued American Antiquarian Society Chicago Evening Post: October 17, 187 1 Prairie Farmer: May 14-28, September 10, 24, 1857; March 4, April I, 15, 1858; March 31, May 12, August 11, 25, Decem- ber I, 1859; July 5, i860 Puzzlers' Companion: October 15, 1876 Real Estate Register or the North West: V. I, no. i; May, 1857 Daily Record: September 12, 1867 Religio-Philosophical Journal: August 2, 1873 Republican: October 6, 1866; August 6, 1867; May 25, 1870 Song Messenger of the North West: April, 1868 Sonntags-Zeitung: November 4, II, i860 Times (Sunday): May 16, 1869; June 21, 1870; October 18, 1871; February 16, September 29, 1872; February 16, 1873 Tribune (tn-w) : 1865-1871 Tribune (d) : 1872— 1906 Truth Seeker: v. i, no. i, 2; September, October, 1873 Union (Wochenblatt der Chicago): July 12, 1866 Union Agriculturist and Prairie Farmer: January-March, 1841 Wells' Commercial Express: July I, December 2, 1863 Western Citizen: April 18, June 20, 1844; June 10, 1846; December 12, 1848 Western Rural: June 3, 1876 Edwardsville Spectator: November 29, 1823; March i6-April 13, 27, May 4, July 6, October 19, 26, 1824 Elgin Gazette: June 17, 187 1 Feeeport Bulletin: April 9, 1863 Galena Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser: December 26, 1835; January 9, 16, 1836; December 8, 1843 Northwestern Gazette: September 9, 16, 1851 Grayville Independent: April 10, 1863 Harrisburg Chronicle: April 4, November 28, 1863 Havana Voter: February 12, 1864 Hillsboro Montgomery County Herald: December 4, 1863 Jacksonville Journal (d): June 25, 1868 Illinois Patriot: December 26, 1835 Kankakee Journal de I'llUnois: May i, 1857 Kaskaskia Western Intelligencer: April 29, 1818 Illinois Intelligencer: July i, 1818 La Salle Watchman: July 16, 1855 Lincoln Logan Courier: December 3, 1863 MOLINE Worhnan: February 7, 14, 21, April 18, July 11, 25, August i, 21. 1855 MONMOtTTH Commercial Record: v. 1, no. i; April, 1872 Mt. Morris Independent Watchman: June 15, 1859 Ottawa Free Trader: October 4, September 27, 1844 Paris Prairie Beacon: November 28, 1863 Peoria Register andNorthwestern Gazetteer: April 4, 1840-1841 [except Feb- ruary 5, September 10, 1841]; January 7, 14, 28, February, March 4, 11, 25, April i- August 12, 26-December 30, 1842; January 6-March, 3, 24, 31, ^843 Transcript (d): January 13, 1869 Western Scientific Journal: Jan- uary, 1876 Pittsfield Pike County Democrat: May 20, 1873 Pontiac Sentinel: January 11, 1866 LIBRARY FILES 407 WORCESTER, MASS.— continued American Antiquarian Society QtriNCY Whig: April 18, 1840 Whig Republican: January 27, 1866 Voice to St. John's Parish: October, 1874 ROCKFORD Golden Censer: October 28, 1876 Register: April 11, 1857; July 26, November 2Q, 1862 Rock River Express: August 11, 1840 Rock Island Advertiser (tri-w): May 18, 1854 Evening Argus: October 31, 1862 Banner: December 12, 1840 Republican: March 7, 1855 Upper Mississippian: May 6, 1841 Rock Spring Pioneer of the Valley of the Missis- ' sippi: July 10, 1829 RUSHVILLE Times: February 11, 1864 Shawkeetown Illinois Emigrant: December 26, 1818; March 6, i8r9 Illinois Gazette: January 24, May 22, 1824; February 26, 1825; February 16, March 8, June 21, 28, 1828; January r6, December II, 1830 Springfield Illinois Atlas: May 4, 187 1 Illinois Journal (d): October 13, 19, 22, 24-27, 31, November 5, 9, 13-16, 19, i860; September 16, 17, 1862 Illinois State Register (w) : Novem- ber 13, 1840; March 21, May 16, November 7, 28, 1845; January 9, 23, February 6, 27, March 6- 20, April 3-May I, 22, June 5, 26, July 3-17, August 14, 28, September 4, i8-October 9, 1846 Stephenson Illinois Cultivator: v. 1, no. vi, 4, S, 7, 8, 10; June, August, September, November, Decem- ber, 1840; February, 1841 Upper Mississippian: v. i, lo. 2; October 22; November 19, 1840; January 14, 1841 Vandalia Illinois Advocate: January 5, 1833 Illinois Intelligencer: October (extra) 1824; September 7, 1826; August 16, 1828; June 27, July 18, August 29, September 19, October 24, November 7-21, December 5, 12, 26, 1829; Jan- uary 9, December 11, 18, 1830 Whig: July 17, 1833; May 8, 1834 Vienna Union Courier: April 4, 1863 Warsaw Signal: December 8, 1841 Waukegan Gazette: June 27, 1863 Wheaton Northern Illinoisan: December 23, 1868 Lenoz Library, New York City (L) Alton Telegraph and Democratic Review (w): V. II, no. 51; December 18, 1846 Carthage Gazette (w): v. 2-23; 1866-188 7 [imperfect file] Republican (w): v. 13-33; 1866- 1886 [imperfect file] Natjvoo Expositor: v. j., no. i; June 7, 1844 Hancock Eagle: v. i, no. 2-3, 9-12, 14-16, 19-21; April lo-August 28, 1846 Independent: v. 5, no. 25, Si-S^; V. II, no. 39-43; April 26, October 2S-November i, 1878; July 25-August 22, 1884 Neighbor: v. i, no. 35, 45, 48-50, 52; V. 2, no. 1-2, 8-9, 12-14, 36- 40, 42-43. 4S. 47-48, 52; V. 3, no. 3, 10, 21-22; December 27, 1843; March 6, 27-April 10, 24-May 8, June 19-26, July 17, 31, 1844; January 9-February S, 19-26, March 12, 26-April 2, 30, May 21, July 9, September 24-October I, 1845 New Citizen: v. i, no. 3; Decem- ber 23, 1846 Wasp: V. I, no. 12; July 2, 1842 4o8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS NEW YORK CITY — continued Lenox Library QtJINCY Erz-Druide: v. 1-2, 4-6, 14-23, 24, no. 1-3, s-7, 9-12, V. 25, no. i; 1866, 69-71, 1879-1890 Rock Island Upper Mississippian: v. 4, no. 3-4; May 25- June i, 1844 Speingheld Illinois State Journal (w): v. 27, no. 1403; June 23, 1858 Vandalia Illinois Monthly Magazine: v. i- 2, 1831-1833 Warsaw Bulletin: v. 2-22; 1867-1887 [imperfect file] City Bulletin: v. 1-6; 1856-1861 [imperfect file] Hancock Democrat: v. i, no. 1-4; n. s. V. I, no. 12-13, 17) 21-25, 28, 36, 39, 41; V. 2, no. 4-13, 1S-20; March i8-April 11, 1844; October 2S-November 2, 30, December 28, 1877; January 4- 25, February 15, April 12, May 3, 17, August 30-November I, 15-December 20, 1878 Message: v. i, no. 1-48; January 7-December 27, 1843, January 3-February 7, 1844; Extra, July 12, 1843 New Era: v. i, no. 11-20, 25; June 30-September I, October 6, 1864 Signal: v. 2-3, n. s. v. 1-8; 1841- 1853 [imperfect file! New York State Library, Albany (F) Alton Daily Courier: v. 6, no. 77 ; Aug. 27. 1857 Courier (w): v. 6, no. 43; Apr. 15, i8s8 Peoples Miscellany and Illinois Herald: v. 1, no. i; Julv 27, 1842 Telegraph (d) : v. 2, no. 273 ; Apr. ir, i8s4 Telegraph and Democrat Review (w) : V. 14, no. 16; Apr. 20, 1829 Telegraph (w): v. 16, no. 27; July 4, 1851 Amboy Tim^s: v. 3, no. 36; Mar. 25, 1858 Augusta Times: v. i, no. 36; May 8, 1857 Aurora Beacon: n. s. v. 3, no. 23; June 22,1854; n. s. V. I, no. 31; Apr. I, 1858 Guardian: v. 5, no. 23, 26; Apr. 10, May I, 1857 Republican: v. i, no. 19; Nov. 6, 1857 Republican Union (d) : v. i, no. 17 ; July 20, 1857 Batavia Fox River Expositor: v. i, no. 10; Mar. 7, 1856 Belleville Advocate: n. s. v. 15, no. 3; May 24, 1854; V. 9, no. 36; Dec. 28, 1848 Illinois Republican: v. i, no. 11; Apr. II, 1849 St. Clair Banner: y. i,no. 7; Sept. 12, 1843 Zeitung: v. 6, no. 23; June 8, 1854 Eelvidese Standard: v. 3, no. 11; July 5, 1854 Benton Standard: v. 3, no. 3; Mar. 12, 1852 Bland inville Argus: v. i, no. 34; Jan. 30, 1857 Bloomington Illinois Baptist: v. 2, no. 5; Nov. 19, 1857 National Flag (d): v. i, no. 22; Oct. 9, 1857 Pantagraph (w) : v. 8, no. 18; Apr. 12, 1854 Western Whig: v. 3, no. 34; June 23, 1849 Cairo Delta: v. 2, no. 24; Sept. 20, 1849 Egyptian: v. i, no. 9; Apr. 24, 1857 Canton Fulton Ledger: v. 7, no. 44; Sept. IS. 1857 Register: v. 4, no. 27; Mar. 12, 1853 LIBRARY FILES 409 ALBANY, NEW YOKK — continued New York State Library Caklinville Free Democrat: v. i, no. 2, 25; v. 2, no. 3; Sept. 13, 1856; Feb. 19, Sept. 17, 1857 Macoupin Statesman: v. 2, no. 37; Sept. 17, 1853 Caexollton Gazette: v. 12, no. 15; Oct. 17, 1857 Green County Banner: v. 2, no. 31; Sept. 15, 1849 Cakthage Republican: v. i, no. 17; May 23, 1854; V. 4, no. 7; Apr. 16, 1857 Centealia Centralian: v. i, no. 41; Dec. 5, 1857 Charleston Coles County Ledger: v. i, no. 41 ; Feb. 2S, 1858 Illinois Globe: v. 3, no. 39; Apr. 7, 1849 Chester Herald: v. 6, no. 16; July i, 1854 Chicago American, Daily Chicago: v. 2, no. 61; June 18, 1840 American, Chicago Daily: v. 3, no. 300; Mar. 31, 1842 Christian Banker: v. i, no. 7 ; May 28, I8S3 Christian Times: v. i, no. 41; June 8, 1854 Church Record: 1859-1862 Commercial Advertiser (d): Dec. 30, 1848 Commercial Advertiser (w) : v. 6, no. 41; Oct. s, 1853 Congregational Herald: n. s. v. i, no. 34; Jan. 27, 1854 Courant (d): v. 1, no. 27; Oct. 12, 1853; no. 277; June 5, 1854 Democrat: u. s. v. 6, no. 8; Jan. 19, 1842; o. s. V. 9, no. 40; V. 14, no. 37; July 27, 1850 Democrat (d); v. J, no. (?); June 3, 1846 Democratic Advocate: v. 3, no. 13; Apr. 28, 1846 Democratic Bugle (d): no. 13; Sept. 16, 1856 Democratic Press (d) : v. i, no. 57; Nov. 20, 1852 Dollar Newspaper: v. i, no. 30; Oct. 6, 1849 Evangelist: v. 1, no. 42; Jan. 20, 1854; V. 2, no. 9; June 2, 1854 Field Piece: v. i, no. i; June 14 1848 Gem of the Prairie: n. s. v. i, no. i8; Nov. 7, 1852 Journal: v. 6, no. 39; Sept. 24, 1849 Native Citizen (d): v. i, no. 170; Apr. 28, 1856 New Covenant: v. 6, no. 24; Aug. 13. 1853 News (d): v. i, no. 12; Sept. 26, 1856 Northwestern Christian Advocate: V. 6, no. 6; Jan. 10, 1858 Olive Branch of the West: v. i, no. is; Feb. 9, 1854 Owl: V. I, no. i, 3-14; v. 2, no. 1-2; Oct., 1874-Feb., 1876 Patriot (d): v. i, no. i; Sept. 30, 1856 Pen and Pencil: v. i, no. 13; Sept. 6, 1856 Prairie Herald: v. 7, no. 42; Jan. 12. i8S3 Republican: v. i, no. 31; Aug. 3, 1843 Times (d): v. 1, no. i; Aug. 30, i8S4 Tribune (w): v. i, no. 274; Apr. 26, 1848; o. a. V. 5, no. 3; July 16, i8S3 Western Citizen: v. i, no. 4; Aug. 19, 1843 Western Citizen and Chicago Weekly Times: v. 11, no. 52; Oct. 18, 1853 Western Railroad Gazette: v. 1, no. 22; Apr. II, 1857 Western Tablet: v. i, no. 9; Apr. 3, 1852 Young America (d): v. i, no. i; July 4, 1854 Danvtlle Illinois Citizen: v. i, no. 2; Sept. 12, 1849 Decatur Gazette: v. 7, no. 7; Aug. 19, 1857 Gazette (d): v. i, no. 44; Oct. 7, 1856 Shoaffs Family Gazette: v. 2, no. 3S; Mar. 4, 1853 De Kalb Western World and DeKalb Review: V. I, no. 10; Dec. 4, 1857 410 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ALBANY, NEW YO^^ — cmUinuei New York State Library Dixon Telegraph: v. i, no. s; May 28, 1851; V. 3, no. 20; Sept. 24, 1853 Freemonter : v. j., no. 5; Sept. 5, 1856 Republican and Telegraph: n. s. v. I, no. i; July 2, 1857 Effingham Pioneer: v. .i, no. 4; Aug. 27, 1857 Elgin Gazette: v. 2, no. 18; Aug. 13, 1856 Illinois Weekly Palladium: v. 1, no. 22; Jan. 12, 1854 Western Christian: v. 5, no. i; Oct. 3, 1849 Elmwood Observer and Peoria County Adver- tiser: V. 1, no. 10; Mar. 10, 1858 Faemington Journal: v. 2, no. 6; Mar. 6, 1858 Feeeport Bulletin: n. s. v. i, no. 9, 32; Apr. '^; 30, Oct. 8, 1857 T Journal: v. i, no. 45 ; Oct. 3, 1849; ^' n. s. V. I, no. 22; Oct. 2, 1856 Prairie Democrat: v. 4, no. 35; Aug. 21, 1851 FtTLTON Whiteside Investigator: v. i, no. si; Mar. 8, 1855 Galena Advertiser (d): v. 4. no. 117; Oct. IS. 1851 Courier (d) : v. 1. no. 56, 131 ; Mar. IS. 1856, June II, 1856 Jeffersonian: n. s. v. 2, no. 49; Dec. 8, 1848 Northwestern Gazette: v. 13, no. 6; Dec. II, 1846; V. 20, no. 13; Jan. 17, 1834 Sentinel: v. i, no. 3, 6; Nov. 6, 27, 1841; no. 34; June 11, 1842 Sentinel (s w) : •/. 1, no. 3 ; July 26, 1843 Galesburg Free Democrat (w): v. 3, no. 34; Aug. 21, 1856 Free Democrat (d): v. i, no. 64; May 29, 1857 Neuis-Letter: v. 1, no. 4; Aug. 22, 1850 Galva Watchman: v. i, no. 25, 38; Dec. 3, 1857, Mar. 17, 1858 Geneseo Republic and Henry County News: V. I, no. II, 30, 40; Aug. 12, Dec. 23, 1856; Mar. 3, 1857 Standard: v. i, no. 11; Nov. i, 1855 Geneva , Star of the West: v. i, no. i. May ,Si 21, 1846 '^'Western Mercury: v. 3, no. 12; "■^ July s, 1849 Greenv lle American Courier: v. 2, no. 2; July 9, 1857 Grtggsville Pike County Union: ^'. 8, no. 9; Aug. II, 1856 Havana Mason Herald: v. 5, no. 18; Nov. 27. 1857 Hennepin Tribune: v. i, no. 18; Aug. 15, 1856; V. 1, no. 46; Mar. 6, 1857 HiLLSBORO Montgomery County Herald: v. 3, no. 41; May 2, 23, 1857; v. i, no. 4; June 3, 1854 Jacksonville Morgan Journal: v. 10, no. 33; Jan. 19, 1854; V. 14, no. 40; Mar. 25, i8s8 Jersevville Democrat Union: v. 1, no. 50; May 9, 1857 Prairie State: v. 3, no. 52; Aug. 26, 1853 JOL'ET Signal: v. i, no. 14, 16; Sept. 13, 27,1843; V.8, no. 8; July 30, 1850 True Democrat: v. 6, no. 31; Mar. 3. 1853 True Democrat: v. 6, no. 50; July 14, 1853 Kankakee Gazette: v. 4, no. 7; Oct. 9, 1856 Kaskaskia Republican: v. 2, no. 53, $6, 75, 77-78,81; Mar. 9-Oct. s, 1824 Republican Advocate: v. i, no. 13, 18, 28-30, 32-35, 37-39, 42-49, Si; May 22, 1823-Feb. 24, 1824 [Continued as Republican] Kewanee Advertiser: v. z, no. 6; Mar. 28, 1857 Henry County Dial: v. 4, no. 50; Apr. 7, i8s8 LIBRARY FILES 411 ALBANY, NEW YORK — continued New York State Library Knoxville Journal: v. 5, no. 36; June 13, 1854 Knox Republican: v. x, no. 30; Apr. 29, 1857; V. 2, no. 25; Mar. 24, 1858 Lacon Illinois Gazette: v. 5, no. 9; Aug. 27, 1842; V. 14, no. 45 ; July 6, 1853; V. 17, no. 19; Feb. 3, 1856 Intelligencer: v. 4, no. 17, Apr. 7, 1858 La Salle Herald: v. i, no. 3; Oct. 9, 1852; V. 2, no. 34; June 28, 1854 Press: v. 2, no. 39; Dec. 3, 1857; V. 3,no. 4; Apr. 3, 1858 Watchman: v. i, no. 41; July 23, 1853 Lewtstown FuUon Democrat: v. ±, no. 45; May 24, 1856; V. 2, no. 9; Sept. 13. 1856 Lincoln Illinois Citizen: v. i, no. 37 Litchfield Journal: v. i, no. 8, 10; June 17, July I, i8s7 LOCKPORT Telegraph: v. 2, no. 5; May 28, 1851; V. 4, no. 20; Oct. I, 1853 LODA Garden State: v. 2, no. 24; Oct. 21, 1857 Macomb Enterprise: v. 3, no. 22; Jan. 13, 1858 Marengo Journal: v. i, no. 4; Sept. 6, 1856 Marshall Clark County Telegraph: v. 3, no. 30; Apr. 8, 1857 Eastern Illinoisan: v. 4, no. 8; Sept; 8, i8ss Mendota Press: v. n, no. 22; Oct. 30, 1856; V. 2, no. 40; Feb. 26, 1857 Metamora Woodjord County Argus: v. i, no. 5; June 23, 1854 MiDDLEPORT Iroquois Republican: v. i., no. 50; Apr. 30, 1857 Moline Independent: n. s. v. 3, no. 28, 33; Feb. 25, Apr. i, 1857; n. s. v. 4, no. I, 3; Aug. 19, Sept. 2, 1857 Morris Grundy County Herald: v. 2, no. S; Sept. 27, 1856 Mound City National Emporium: v. i, no. 19; Oct. 16, 1856 Mt. Carroll Republican: v. 2, no. 33; Oct. 6, 1853; V. 4, no. 22; Aug. 16, 185s Tribune: v. i, no. 13; Oct. 11, 1850 Mt. Morris Independent Watchman: v. 4, no. 18; Feb. 17, 1858 Northwestern Republican: v. x, no. 32; May 14, 1857 Mt. Sterling Chronotype: v. 7, no. 20; June 8, 1854 Prairie Democrat: v. i, no. 5 ; July 19, 1850 Mt. Vernon Jeffersonian: v. 4, no. 38; Jan. 5, 1856 Naperville Du Page County Observer: v. i, no. 12; Mar. 19, 1851 Du Page County Recorder: v. i, no. 38; Sept. 3, 1850 Nashville Democrat: v. 6, no. 7 ; June 7, 1856 Era: v. i, no. 51; May 11, 1852 Young American Democrat: v. 2, no. 40; May 21, 1853 Nativoo Neighbor: v. i, no. 13; July 26, 1843 Popular Tribune: v. i, no. 4; v. i, pt. 2, no. 2, no. 6; Feb. 15, Aug. 2, 30, 185 1 [Continued as Tribune"] Tribune: v. i, no. 44; July 9, 1853 New Boston Golden Age: v. 2, no. 26; May 24, 1854 Olney Republican: v. 3, no. 4; July 14, i8ss Times: v. i, no. 44; Apr. 17, 1857; V. 2, no. 38; Mar. 26, 1858 Oqitawka Spectator: v. i, no. 25 ; July 26, 1848 412 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS continued ALBANY, NEW YORK- New York State Library Oregon Ogle County Reporter: v. 5, no. lo, 38; Sept. 19, 1856, Apr. 10, 1857; V. S, no. 30; Feb. 8, 1856 Ottawa Free Trader: v. 14, no. 2, 25 ; Aug. 27, 1853, Feb. II, 1854; V. 18, no. 6; Oct. 3, 1857 United Irishman: v. i, no. i ; May 22, 1848 Paris Prairie Beacon: v. 5, no. 6; Feb. 3, 1853; V. 9, no. 31; Aug. 14, I8S7 Wabash Valley Republican: v. i, no. s; July i, 1853 Pekin Illinois Palladium: v. i, no. 5; Aug. 3, 1842 Peoria Democrat Press: v. 2, no. 42; Dec. I, 1841 Democratic Union: n. s. v. 6, no. 35 ; Oct. 22, 1857 Fillmore Union: v. i, no. 1-3; Sept. 8, 22, 1856 Illinois Banner: v. 3, no. 5; Apr. 8, 1854 ; V. 6,no. 39 ; Dec. 16, 1857 News, Morning (d) : v. 3, no. 627; May 26, 1854 Register: v. 7, no. 7; May 19, 1843 Republican (d) : v. 3, no. 195 ; Aug. 30, 1855; V. 4, no. 283; Dec. 10, 1856 Republican (w): v. 5, no. 2; June 16, 1854 Transcript: v. 2, no. 71; Mar. 17, 1857; V. 3, no. 73; Apr. 6, 1858 Voice of the People: v. i, no. 6; Apr. 8, 1851 Peru Junction Beacon: v. 3, no. 15; July 29, 1848 LaSalle County Sentinel: v. 3, no. 3; Sept. s, 1857 Telegraph: v. 4, no. 22; Sept. 21, 1849 Petersburg Menard Index: v. 3, no. 28; July 4, i8S7 Pittsfield Pike County Free Press: v. 9, no. 43; Mar. IS, 185s; V. II, no. 51; May 7, 1857 I, no. 37; Feb. 4, Plymouth Locomotive: 1858 Polo Transcript: v. i, no. 20; Oct. 17, i8S7 PONTIAC Livingston County News: v. 2, no. 26; Sept. 10, 1856 Sentinel: v. i, no. 27; Apr. 9, 1858 Prairie City Chronicler: v. i, no. 8, 15; June IS. Aug. 3, 1857 Princeton Advocate: v. 3, no. 20; May 8, 1850 Bureau Advocate: v. 3, no. 34; Aug. 14, 1850 Post: V. 4, no. 2; Feb. 7, 1856; v. 6, no. 6; Oct. 22, 1857 QUINCY Herald (w): v. 20, no. 37; May 29; 1854; V. 2, no. 42; Aug. 3, 1843 Tribune (w) : v. 3., no. 33 ; June 21, 1854 Whig: V. 13, no. 6; May 7, 1850; V. 16, no. 44; Jan. 23, 1854 Rockford Register: v. 3, no. 28; Aug. 29, Republican: v. i, no. 5; Feb. i, 1854 Rock River Democrat: v. i, no. 48; Apr. 26, 1853 ; V. 4, no. 7 ; July 31, i8ss; V. s, no. 6; July 15, 1856 Rock Island Advertiser: v. 6, no. 13; Mar. 9, i8S3 Advertiser (tn-w): v. j., no. 09; May 9, 1854 Advertiser {^i v. 2, no. 128; Sept. 6, 1856 Argus (d): v. 4, no. 49; Aug. 27, i8S7 Islander and Argus: v. 4, no. 216; Apr. 8, 1858 Rock Islander: v. 2, no. 50; Sept. 10, 1856 Rockton Gazette: v. 1, no. i; May 27, 1857 RUSHVILLE Prairie Telegraph: v. 6, no. 41; Apr. 7, 1854; V. 7, no. 39; Mar. 30, 185s LIBRARY FILES 413 ALBANY, NEW YORK — continued New York State Library St. Charies Argus: v. 3, no. 6; Mar. 4, 1858 Kane County Democrat: v. 2, no. 42; Aug. IS, 1850; V. 7, no. 29; July 19, 1854 The Age: v. i, no. 3; July 14, 1843 Sandwich People's Press: v. x, no. 10; Nov. 12, 1857 Savanna Register: v. i, no. 29; Feb. 2, 1854 Shawneetown Illinois State Gazette: v. i, no. 14; Aug. 3, 1843 Shelbyville Shelby Banner: v. i, no. 43 ; May 5, 1854; V. 2, no. 31; Mar. 16, 1855; V. 3, no. 18; Jan. 19, 1856 Sparta Freeman: v. 1, no. 4; Apr. 11, 1850 Randolph County Journal: v. i, no. 38; Oct. 3, 1856 Register: v. i, no. 25; Aug. 15, 1849 Springfield American Enterprise and Eclectic Advertiser: v. i, no. 10; Apr. 24, 1856 Conservative: v. i, no. 4; Sept. 4, 1856 Illinois Organ: v. 2, no. 11; Sept. 29, 1849 Illinois State Journal: v. 27, no. 1391; Mar. 31, 1858 Illinois State Register: v. 13, no. 6; Apr. 14, 1848 Olive Branch: v. 3, no. 3; Feb. 3, 1858 Sangamo Journal: v. 14, no. 22; Jan. 9, 1845 Western Leader: v. i, no. 20; June 3. 1854 Sterling Republican: v. i, no. 10, 36; Sept. 6, 1856, Mar. 7, 1857 Times: v. 3, no. 23, 34; June 11, Aug. 27, 1857 Sycamore DeKalb County ReptibUcan: v. 5, no. 4; Jan. 25, 1858 Republican Sentinel: v. 3, no. 28; Dec. 18, 1856 True Republican: v. i, no. 18; Feb. 16, 1858 Taylorville Independent Press: v. 1, no. 13; Apr. 16, 1858 Urbana Union: v. i, no. 4; Oct. 21, 1852; V. 2, no. 28; June 8, 1854 Vandalia Age of Steam and Fire: v. 2, no. 3 ; Aug. 2, 1853 Fayette Observer: v. 2, no. 50; Dec. 21, 1857 Vandalian: v. i, no. 3; Mar. 20, 1858 Warren Republican: v. i, no. 34; Jan. 7, i8s7 Warsaw Bulletin: v. i, no. 3, 27, 47; Apr. 4, Sept. 18, 1856; Feb. 5, 1857 [no. 27 entitled City Bulletin] Message: v. i, no. 8; Feb. 25, 1843 Washington Investigator: v. i, no. 10; Apr. 30, i8S7 Waterloo Patriot: v. 7, no. 4; Mar. 19, 1858 Waitkegan Chronicle: v. 6, 27; Apr. 26, 1853 Freeman's Advocate: v. i, no. i; Feb. 3, 1854 Gazette: v. 3, no. 51; Sept. 24, i8S3 Northwestern Excelsior: v. 1, no. 45 ; Aug. 26, 1857; V. 2, no. 25; Apr. 8, 1858 West Urbana (now Champaign) Spirit of the Agricultural Press: v. I, no. s; June 25, 1857 Wheaton Du Page County Gazette: v. i, no. 10; Oct. 4, 1856 Wilmington Herald: v. 3, no. 37, 41; June 11, July 9, 1857; V. 4, no. 25; Mar. 18, 1858 Woodstock Democrat and McHenry County Advocate: v. 5, no. 52; Sept. 20, 185.5 Republican Free Press: v. i, no. 13; May 31, 1854 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 1814-1850 u H S 1 HIIHM « M MMHMHlHHl-lCl«HMHtM 1 1 PO-^O Ol>-M OfOH w r^O M ThClio ^^C0 « CO 0\ Cl r^ lo i>-vO i^CO O t^ m OnOO o 3 o •-2-S rh ^ N H ■^fOr^i-'-i N OsJ:^ -^OO t^oO O tJ-CO 00 m g^ -^VO h N O vO vO -^ PO H MM HH HHMP1«->i>^N OnO O 'd" On t>- to 1 1 1 « H Ht CO N H H T^ « N H mhNh ■Mcoco^N'OvOoOtO^ • H 1 a » a UTO M ro 00 H r^ O r^ l:^^ t^OsOl>.Hio*^0 oi h -<^ co-O -^CO « « « i>.\0 H hHH HH HHHNClPO'^lOCOfOlOLO'^POl'^l'lU^ 1 s S D Ji S g H (N W H iO\0 OOcoiOH-Tf- l'?hC1iorO«00fOH(M COOO 0\ (N co « m Ch 11 HPOH (N cOfo« •'t'^ir^ lO^O T!-■^^w « cotOi^-*-* t^^O « lOOO t^ O OOO OW 00 2 g J9 1 1 « « ^Ol>^■*■^oo H HOO -^00 fO^O ■'to iTi Tt-O H O *>.00 OO O rnoO ^O N fo r--00 HH M M HHMH (HHI-tHMM 1 CO 00 00 t^ t^ POOO vo H Td-O rh-^uo«00\OPO v>00 r^ M CO « i-i .vo t^^O Oi^-OsOOGOO O O W M j 1 I>-00 0\ O M N CO ■* 10\0 l>-00 O. O M « CO -^ liTO ^^00 0\ O H 0) CO 't lovo r^oo o OOOOOOOOCOCOOOOOCOCOOOOOOOOOCOCOOOOOCOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOO 1 " W IH M I H H ;c-N H H H OnvO OvCO i>> H HhmHCO HHHdCI o a u u" . H CO CO « CO lo gs Ig H H H H H PI CS I PI M CO o •1 o 1 < g . H . H . . H 1 1 H H H H N H lo « -^ m t^ o i S o S H ij HHH 1 C4 H H H CO H 01 U-) H Z a H H « Cfl H « w CO (N COVO "O 'd-OO lOOO lOCOHi^H w H W ^OiO mhhhcohhc^hwm 1 S o 3 1 - M H l-l H H P< H C4 CS H MVO CO«VO CO'^COr^CN CON H M M C* H CO . -;h « ■^ HH H(N HHHCJH s H 00 H - 1/ M 00 H M 00 H H 00 H .00 H oc o H OO H N O 00 H H w 00 H 00 H C"- 00 H 3 -^ CI 00 H - 1/ 00 H CI CO H CO H -00 00 H o 00 H s rr CO H H ) c^ 00 H N 00 H CO rf 3 CO c 00 00 H H ■ lovO t> J CO ro c' OO CO 00 HHH .00 o 00 00 M H \ O H 5 Tt -^ CO 00 W M « CO ■* lOO Tt -^ -^ -^ ■* CO 00 00 00 00 H H H M H CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 1814-1850 1814 Kaskaskia Illinois Herald 1816 Kaskaskia Western Intelligencer, continuation of Illinois Herald (1814) 1818 Kaskaskia Illinois Intelligencer, continuation of Western Intelligencer (18 16) Shawneetown Shawnee Chief (?) Illinois Emigrant, continuation of Shawnee Chief (?) (1818) 1819 Edwardsville Spectator Shawneetown Illinois Gazette, continuation of Illinois Emigrant (1818) 1820 Vandalia Illinois Intelligencer, continuation of Kaskaskia Illinois Intelli- gencer (1818) 1822 Edwardsville Star of the West Vandalia Vandalia Intelligencer (?) 1823 Edwardsville Illinois Republican, continuation of Star of the West (1822) Kaskaskia Republican Advocate 1824 Kaskaskia Kaskaskia Republican, continuation of Republican Advocate (1823) Belleville Western News 1826 Galena Miner's Journal Kaskaskia Illinois Reporter 1827 Edwardsville Illinois Corrector Springfield Sangamo Spectator 1829 Galena Advertiser Kaskaskia Western Democrat Rock Spring Pioneer of the Valley of the Missis- sippi Springfield Journal and Little Sangamo Gazette 1830 Edwardsville Crisis Illinois Advocate, continuation of Crisis (1830) Jacksonville Western Observer Kaskaskia Kaskaskia Democrat, continuation of Western Democrat (1829) Palestine Illinois Chronicle and Literary Ga- zette Springfield Courier Vandalia Illinois Monthly Magazine 1831 Edwardsville Western Ploughboy Jacksonville Illinois Patriot Rock Spring Pioneer and Western Baptist, con- tinuation of Pioneer of the Valley of the Mississippi (1829) 417 4i8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Springfield Sangamon Journal Illinois Herald Vandalia Gazette Illinois Whig 1832 Alton Spectator Galena Galenian, continuation of Miner's Journal (1826) Jacksonville Jacksonville Banner and Morgan County Advertiser Vandalia Vandalia Whig and Illinois Intellir- gencer, continuation of Illinois Intelligencer (1820) and Illinois Whig, (1831) 1833 Alton American Beardstown Beardstown Chronicle and Illinois Bounty Land Advertiser Belleville St. Clair Gazette Carmi White County News Chicago Democrat Danville Enquirer Kaskaskia Randolph Free Press Vandalia Illinois Advocate, continuation of Illinois Advocate, Edwardsville (1830) Illinois Advocate and State Register, continuation of Illinois Advocate (1833) 1834 Galena Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser Jacksonville Illinois State Gazette News Mt. Carmel Sentinel and Wabash Advocate Peoria Illinois Champion and Peoria Her- ald 1835 Chicago American Jacksonville Illinois State Gazette and Jackson- ville News, continuation of Illi- nois State Gazette (1834) and News (1834) Liberty's Sentinel Quincy Illinois Bounty Land Register. Rushville Journal and Military Tract Adver- tiser Shawneetown Gallatin Democrat and Illinois Ad- vertiser Springfield Illinois Republican Tremont Tazewell Whig Vandalia Illinois Advocate, continuation of Illinois Advocate and State Re- ister (1833) 1836 Alton Illinois Temperance Herald Observer Telegraph Western Pioneer and Baptist Stand- ard Bearer, Rock Spring (183 1) Carthage Carthagenian Echo Chicago Commercial Advertiser Galena Democrat, continuation of Galenian (1832) Ottawa Republican Paris Illinois Statesman Peoria Illinois Champion and Peoria Re- publican Rock Spring Western Watchman CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 419 Rushville Journal, continuation of Journal and Military Tract Advertiser (183s) Shawneetown Illinois Advertiser, continuation of Gallatin Democrat and Illinois Advertiser (1835) Vandalia Free Press Illinois State Register Illinois State Register and Illinois Advocate, continuation of Illinois Advocate (1835) Illinois State Register and People's Advocate, continuation of Illinois State Register and Illinois Advo- cate (1836) 1837 Belleville Representative and Belleville News Bloomington Observer and McLean County Ad- vocate Canton Herald Carthage Western Emigrants' Magazine and Historian of Times in the West Grafton Backwoodsman Hennepin Journal Jacksonville Common School Advocate IlUnoisan, continuation of Illinois Patriot (183 1) Lacon Herald Naples Spirit of the West Pekin Tazewell Telegraph Rushville Schuyler Advocate, continuation of Journal (1836) Shawneetown Western Voice and Internal Im- provement Journal Vandalia Free Press and Illinois Whig, con- tinuation of Free Press (1836) 1838 Alton Altonian Voice of Illinois Belleville Representative and Gazette, continu- ation of Representative and Belle- ville News (1837) and St. Clair Gazette (1833) Chicago Voice of the People Edwardsville Western Weekly Mirror Galena Journal Hennepin Genius of Universal Emancipation Hillsboro Prairie Beacon Jacksonville Illinois Standard Quincy Whig Rushville Test, continuation of Schuyler Ad- vocate (1837) Winchester Voice of Truth 1839 Alton Commercial Gazette Missouri and Illinois Temperance Herald, continuation of Illinois Temperance Herald (1836) Great Western Spirit of '76 Belleville Advocate, continuation of Repre- sentative and Gazette (1838) Chester Southern Illinois Advocate Chicago Datly American, continuation of American (1835) Jerseyville Backwoodsman and Jersey and Green County Advertiser, con- tinuation of Grafton Backwoods- man (1837) Joliet Courier 420 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Mt. Carmel Mt. Carmel Register Greenbrier Nauvoo Wabash Republican Times and Seasons Naples Quincy Post Argus, continuation of Illinois Ottawa . Bounty Land Register (1835) Illinois Free Trader Rock Island Paris Banner and Stephenson Gazette Illinois Statesman Rushville Pekin Illinois Republican Tazewell Reporter Shawneetown Peoria Intelligencer, continuation of West- Democratic Press ern Voice and Internal Improve- Peru ment Journal (1837) Ninawa Gazette Sparta Columbus Herald Quincy Old Statesman Springfield Rockford IlHnois State Register, continuation of Vandalia Illinois State Reg- Rock River Express Star ister and People's Advocate (1836) Rock Island Vandalia Illinois Sentinel Upper Mississippian Rushville Political Examiner, continuation of 1840 Illinois Republican (1839) Alton Shelbyville Okaw Sucker Prairie Flower Taper Belleville Der Freiheitsbote fUr Illinois Sparta Democrat Herald Canton Western Telegraph Springfield Illinois Messenger Chicago Old Hickory Hard Cider Press Old Soldier Weekly Tribune Warsaw Edwardsville Western World Sovereign People, continuation of Western Weekly Mirror (1838) Galena 1841 Star Cairo Jacksonville Gazette Illinois Democrat Canton Kaskaskia Fulton Telegraph, continuation of Republican Western Telegraph (1840) Lacon Charleston Illinois Gazette, continuation of Courier Herald (1837) Chicago Lewistown Union Agriculturist and Western Fulton Democrat Prairie]Farmer Lowell East St. Louis Genius of Liberty American Bottom Gazette CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 421 Exeter Battle Axe Galena Sentinel lUinoistown '■American Bottom Reporter Quincy Herald, continuation of Argus (1839) Rockford Pilot St. Charles Patriot Shawneetown Illinois Republican Warsaw Signal, continuation of Western World (1840) Winchester Battle Axe, continuation of Exeter Battle Axe (1841) 1842 Alton People's Miscellany and Illinois Herald Belleville Farm^s' and Mechanics' Repository Chicago Express Northwestern Baptist Quid Nunc Republican Western Citizen Grafton Phoenix Grand Detour Rock River Register lUinoistown National Bank Jerseyville Newspaper, continuation of Back- woodsman and Jersey and Green County Advertiser (1839) Nauvoo Wasp Mt. Morris Rock River Register Pekin Illinois Palladium ^ See footnote, 303. Peoria Register, continuation of Register and Northwestern Gazetteer (1837) Pittsfield Sucker and Farmer's Record Rockford Better Covenant St. Charles Better Covenant, continuation of Rockford Better Covenant (1842) Vandalia Freeman 1843 Belleville St. Clair Banner Canton Fulton Banner Carlyle Beacon CarroUton Advocate Charleston Owl Chicago Better Covenant, continuation of St. Charles Better Covenant (1842) Prairie Farmer, continuation of Union Agriculturist and Western Prairie Farmer (1841) Youth's Gazette Grand Detour Illinois Tribune Jacksonville Christian Messenger Illinois Statesman Joliet Signal, continuation of Courier (1839) Lewistown Fulton Banner Nauvoo Neighbor, continuation of Wasp (1842) Ottawa Free Trader, continuation of Illinois Free Trader (1840) Peoria Gerrymander Rockford Winnebago Forum 422 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Rushville Whig, continuation of Political Examiner (1840) St. Charles Fox River Advocate, continuation of Patriot, Fox River Advocate and Kane County Herald (1843) Patriot, Fox River Advocate and Kane County Herald, continua- tion of Patriot (1843) The Age Shawneetown Illinois State Gazette Springfield Times Tremont Tazewell Democrat Vandalia Free Press Olive Leaf Warsaw Message, continuation of Signal (1841) Waterloo Independent Democrat 1844 Belleville Illinois Beobachter Politician Carlyle Truth Teller Chicago Daily Journal Democrat Advocate and Commercial Advertiser Gem of the Prairie Illinois Medical and Surgical Jour- nal Lewistown Republican Mt. Carmel Plow Boy Wabash Democrat Nauvoo Expositor Ottawa Constitutionalist Rockford Forum, continuation of Winnebago Forum (1843) Sparta Randolph County Record und Democratischer Springfield Illinois Adler Whig Olive Branch Vandalia Baptist Helmet Warsaw Hancock Democrat Signal, continuation of Message (1843) Winchester Republican 184s Alton Presbytery Reporter Truth Seeker Beardstown Gazette Belleville St. Clair Banner Bloomington McLean County Register Chicago Daily News Garland of the West Spirit of Temperance Reform Volksfreund Western {Literary 7) Magazine Elgin Western Christian Galena Jeffersonian Geneva Fox River Advocate Star of the West, continuation of Fox River Advocate (1845) Greenville Protestant Monitor Hennepin Herald Jacksonville Morgan Journal Western Star Lewistown Fulton Gazette Little Fort Little Fort Porcupine and Demo- cratic Banner Nauvoo Colonie Icarienne CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 423 Peoria American Weekly Register, continuation of Register (1842) Kttsfield Pike County Sentinel Quincy Beohachter Daily Morning Courier Rock Island Northwestern Advertiser Springfield Illinois Washingtonian Waterloo War Eagle, continuation of Inde- pendent Democrat (1843) Waukegan Lake County Serald 1846 Alton Protestant Monitor Aurora Democrat Peoples PUUform Bloomington Western Whig CajToUton Gazette Charleston Reporter Chicago Ariel Daily Cavalier Dollar Weekly Illinois and Indiana Medical and Surgical Journal, continuation of Illinois Medical and Surgical Journal (1844) Liberty Tree Morning Mail Valley Watchman Western Herald Griggsville Pike County Free Press Monmouth Atlas Nauvoo Hancock Eagle, continuation of Neighbor (1843) New Citizen, continuation of Han- cock Eagle (1846) Peru Beacon Light Pittsfield Pike County Free Press Quincy Stem des Westens Rock Island Liberty Banner St. Charles Prairie Messenger Woodstock Illinois Republican 1847 Aurora Beacon Belleville Times, continuation of St. Clair Banner (1845) Belvidere Prairie Beacon Canton Democratic Repository CarroUton Observer Charleston Republican Chester , Reveille and Homestead Advocate Chicago Commercial Advertiser Herald of the Prairies, continuation of Western Herald (1846) Northwestern Educator and Maga- zine of Literature and Science Porcupine Tribune Watchman of the Prairies Danville Patriot Elgin Gazette Freeport Prairie Democrat Geneva Western Mercury Greenville Western Evangelist Jacksonville Jackson Standard 424 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Joliet True Democrat Motto Lawrenceville Star Spangled Banner Little Fort Lake County Visiter Nauvoo Patriot Robin's Nest Motto Rock Island Advertiser, continuation of North- western Advertiser (1845) Waukegan Lake County Chronicle 1848 Belvidere Republican Bloomington Reveille Cairo Delta CarroUton Green County Banner Charleston Illinois Globe Chicago American Odd Fellow and Maga- zine of Literature and Art Field Piece Free Soil Banner Illinois Staats-Zeitung Lady's Western Magazine New Covenant Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal, continuation of Illinois and Indiana Medical and Sur- gical Journal (1846) Western Farmer Galesburg Northwestern Intelligencer Greenville Journal Freeport Journal Lawrenceville American Banner, continuation of Star Spangled Banner (1847) Lebanon Illinois Advocate and Lebanon Jour- nal Lockport Will County Telegraph Marshall Illinois State Journal Mt. Sterling Prairie Pioneer Oquawka Spectator Ottawa United Irishman Paris Prairie Beacon Peldn Mirror Peoria Daily Register, continuation of Weekly Register (1845) Nineteenth Century Peru Telegraph Princeton Bureau County Herald Quincy Tribune and Free Soil Banner Rockford Free Press Rushville Prairie Telegraph Sparta Freeman Prairie Democrat Shawneetown Southern Illinois Advocate Springfield Illinois Organ Virginia Observer Owl 1849 Belleville Illinois Republican, continuation of Times (1847) Benton Standard Belleville Zeitung Canton Register Chester Herald CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 42s Chicago Chicago Dollar Newspaper Prairie Herald, continuation of Herald of the Prairies (1847) Temperance Battle-Ax Danville Illinois Citizen Galesburg Northwestern Gazetteer Greenville Barnburner Jonesbord Gazette Knoxville Journal Marshall Illinois State Democrat Naperville Du Page County Recorder OIney News Peoria Champion Pittsfield Pike County Union, continuation of Pike County Sentinel (1845) St. Charles Democratic Platform, continuation of People's Platform (1849) People's Platform Sparta Register Vandalia Fayette Yeoman and Railroad Jour- nal Waukegan Cody's Advertiser Free Democrat 1850 Bloomington State Bulletin Chicago Commercial Register Democratic Argus ' Eclectic Journal of Education and Literary Review Edwardsville Madison County Recorder Galesburg News Letter Hillsboro Prairie Mirror Jerseyville Prairie State Lacou Herald Lewistown Illinois Public Ledger Marion Western Family Monitor Mt. Carroll Tribune Mt. Morris Gazette Mt. Sterling Prairie Democrat, continuation of Prairie Pioneer (1848) Naperville Daughter of Temperance Democratic Platform, continuation of Du Page County Recorder (1849) Olney Republican Pekin Reveille Peoria Republican Peru Democrat Quincy Wochenilatt St. Charles Kane County Democrat, continua- tion of Democratic Platform (1849) Sparta Journal, continuation of Freeman (1848) Warsaw Commercial Journal, continuation of Signal (1847^ Waukegan Gazette INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS Abbott's United States Monthly Chicago, 144 Abend Zeitung Chicago, 69 Abingdon College Monthly Abingdon, i Academy of Music Gazette Chicago, 80 Adage Barry, 17 Adler bnd Democratischer Whig, Illinois Springfield, 323 Advance Blootnington, 30 Brighton, 33, 239, 319 Chicago, 88 Chrisman, 150 Clasrton, 151 Monmouth, 246 New Berlin, 262 O'Fallon, 265 Advance, Deaf-Mute Jacksonville, 205 Advance Guard Chicago, 91, 9S Advance, Illinois Jacksonville, 205 Advance, Jewish Chicago, 141 Advance, Republican Atlas- Monmouth, 246 Advance, Sewing Machine Chicago, 147 Advance, Western Bloomington, 31 Advent Christian Times Chicago, 81 Advertiser Abingdon, i Anna, 10 Astoria, 12 Canton, 40 Danville, 155 Delavan, 160 Dixon, 162 Fulton, 182 Galena, xxxii, xxxiv, 182, 212 Jonesboro, 209 Kewanee, 214, 215 Lockport, 227, 244 Marseilles, 235 Mokena, 244 Morris, 247 Neoga, 261 Nokomis, 263 Onarga, 267 Peoria, 281 Piper City, 284 Polo, 286, 287 Rock Island, Ixx, kxvii, 161, n., 303 Advertiser, American Enterprise AND Eclectic Springfield, 324 Advertiser and Counting Room Manual, Commercial Chicago, 82 Advertiser and Weekly Price Current, Lumberman's Chicago, 78 Advertiser, Backwoodsman and Jersey and Green Counties JerseyviUe, 206 Advertiser, Boone County Belvidere, 25 Advertiser, Chicago Commercial Chicago, IIS Advertiser, Christian County Real Estate Taylorville, 334 Advertiser, Chronicle and Bounty Land Beardstown, liii Advertiser, Cody's Waukegan, 352 Advertiser, Commercial Chicago, S3, S8 Dunleith, 163 Galena, 184 429 43° ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Advertiser, Daily Galena, Ixx, Ixx, n., 64, 183 Advertiser, Democrat Advocate AND Commercial Chicago, S5 Advertiser, Democrat and Brown County Rushville, 307 Advertiser, Exposition Pictorial Chicago, 116 Advertiser, Gallatin Democrat And Illinois Shawneetown, 314 Advertiser, Herald and Morris, 247 Advertiser, Illdjois Kewanee, 215 Shawneetown, 315 Advertiser, Industrial World and Commercial Chicago, 115 Advertiser, Jacksonville Banner AND Morgan County Jacksonville, 203 Advertiser, Journal and KnoxvUle, 216 Advertiser, Journal and Military Tract Rushville, 306 Advertiser, Kane County Geneva, 189 Advertiser, Madison Edwardsville, 167 Advertiser, Matrimonial News AND Special Chicago, 97 Advertiser, Medical Register and Anna, lo Advertiser, Merchants' Bloomington, 30 Advertiser, Monroe Waterloo 350 Advertiser, Northwestern Rock Island 303 Advertiser, Northwestern Ga- zette AND Galena Galena 183, 184 Advertiser, Observer and Peoria County Elmwood, 172 Advertiser, Pictorial Chicago, 112 Advertiser, Pradme Home and Sandwich, 311 Advertiser, Republican Bloomington, 29 Advertiser, Tenney, Hardy and Company's Kewanee, 214 Advertiser, Union Banner and Commercial Chicago, 82 Advertiser, Will County Com- mercial Lockport, 227 Advertiser, Winnebago County Durand, 164 Advertiser's Assistant Chicago, 105 Advertising Bulletin, Railway Chicago, 147 Advocate Belleville, bavii, Ixxix, Ixxxix, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 46, 237 CarroUton, 44 Chicago, 113 Dallas, 154 Dundee, 163 Elgin, 170, 171, 309 Greenville, 194 Litchfield, 226 Mt. Vernon, 255 Plymouth, 286 Roberts, 297 Salem, 309, 310 Waterloo, 350 Advocate and Commercial Ad- vertiser, Democrat Chicago, 5S Advocate and Lebanon Journal, Illinois Lebanon, 220 Advocate and News, Industrial Geneseo, 188 Advocate and News Letter Belleville, 21, 22, 23 Advocate and State Register Illinois Springfield, 322 VandaUa, 322, 341 Advocate, Bureau Princeton, Ixxv, n., 289 Advocate, Chronicle and Waukegan, 352, 353 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 431 Advocate, Chtirch Grajrville, 192 Advocate, Common School Jacksonville, 203 Advocate, Dollar Waterloo, 350 Advocate, Fasmers' Bement, 26 Dakota, 154 Danville, 156 Marion, 234 Monticello, 247 Advocate, Fox Rtver Geneva, 188 St. Charles, 308 Advocate, Freeman's Waukegan, Ixxv, n., 352, 353 Advocate, Herald Salem, 310, 311 Advocate, Illinois Edwardsville, 167 Vandalia, 341 Advocate, Illinois State Register AND Illinois Vandalia, 342 Advocate, Illinois State Register AND People's Vandalia, 342 Advocate, Industrial Salem, 46, 310, 311 Advocate, Miner and Workman Belleville, 24 Advocate, Missionary Chicago, 98 Advocate, Northwestern Church Chicago, 67 Advocate, Observer and McLean County Bloomington, 27 Advocate of Peace Chicago, 9S Advocate, People's Wilmington, 356 Advocate, Prairie Toulon, 33S Advocate, Prairie City Litchfield, 226 Advocate, Republic Geneseo, 188 Advocate, Republican Kaskaskia, xxviii, xlviii, 212 Advocate, Reveille and Home- stead Chester, 51 Advocate, Schuyler Rushville, 307 Advocate, Sentinel and Wabash Mt. Carmel, 250 Advocate, Soldiers' Freeport, 181 Advocate Southern Illinois Chester, 51 Shawneetown, 315 Advocate, Spirit Rockford, 299, 353 Advocate, Sunday School Chicago, 133 Advocate, Union Geneseo, 188 Advocate, Union Park Chicago, 104 West Chicago, 354 Advocate, West End Chicago, IDS Advocate, Western Temperance Chicago, 8s Advocate, White County Carmi, 44, 192 Advocate, Williamson County Marion, 234 Advocate, Workingman's Chicago, 80 Advocate, Young Batavia, 18 Aetna Chicago, 14s Age St. Charles, 308 Age of Progress Carlyle, 43 Age of Steam Vandalia, 343 Age of Steam and Fire Vandalia, 343 Agent, Railway Purchasing Chicago, 143 Agents' Guide Chicago, 113 Agerdyrkning and Oeconomie Chicago, 100 Agitator Chicago, 95 432 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Agitator, Art Jottrnal and Chicago, 95 Ageicdltural Press, Spirit op the Champaign, 47, 48 Agricoltiire and Family Gazette Chicago, I4S Agriculture, Emery's Journal of Chicago, 73 Agriculture, Illustrated Journal OF Chicago, 117 Agriculture, Journal of Chicago, S4 Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, Western Chicago, 94 Quincy, 293 Agriculturist and Western Prairie Farmer, Union Chicago, S3 Agriculturist, Western Quincy, 293 Alarm Chicago, 138, 144 Algonquin Citizen Dundee, 163 All The World Over Chicago, 138 Alliance Chicago, 114, 149 Alliance and Radical Review Chicago, 114 Alliance, Maine Law Chicago, 68 Altaret, Famalje Chicago, 146 Altonian Alton, 6 Alumni Journal Bloomington, 30 Lincoln, 224 Amateuh Mechanic Chicago, 134 Amateur Monthly Chicago, los Amateur News Abingdon, 1 Amateur's Journal Chicago, 14s American Alton, 3 Chicago, Ixiv, Ixxi, 53 Peoria, 278 American Antiquarian Chicago, 138 American Antiquarian and Ori- ental JoimNAL Chicago, 138 American Aspirant Chicago, 119 American Banner Lawrenceville, 220 American Bee Journal Chicago, 77 American Bottom Gazette East St. Louis, 165, 202, n. American Bottom Reporter St. Clair, 202 American Breeder And Feeder Chicago, 116 American Builder and Journal of Art Chicago, 91 American Bureau of Mines, Journal of The Chicago, 117 American Cabinet Maker, Uphol- sterer AND Carpet Reporter Chicago, 100 American Chess Journal Chicago, 138 American Churchman Chicago, 78 American Contract Journal, Engineering News and Chicago, 121 American Contractor Chicago, 14s American Courier Greenville, 194 American Eagle Salem, 310 American Educational Review Chicago, 148 American Educator Lockport, 227 American Engineer and Railroad Journal Chicago, 108 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 433 American Enterprise and Eclectic Advertiser Springfield, 324 American Furniture Gazette Chicago, 139 American GRAPmc Chicago, 14s American Home Chicago, 119, 134 American Home Magazine Chicago, 114 American Homeopath Chicago, 139 American Homeopathist Chicago, 139 American Homes Magazine Chicago, 119 American Horse-Shoer and Hard- ware Journal Chicago, 129 American Journal of Education Chicago, 91 American Journal of Materia Medica Chicago, 77 American Law Manual Chicago, 81 American Lumberman Chicago, 118 American Miller Chicago, 119 American Odd Fellow and Mag- azine OF Literature and Art Chicago, 61 American Physician Chicago, 139 American Poultry Jodenal Chicago, 129, 179 American Railway Journal, En- gineering News and Chicago, 121 American Spirit and Wine Trade Review Chicago, 78 American Stockman Chicago, 14s American Stockman, Western Rural and Chicago, 80 American Trade Journal Chicago, 1 25 American Working People Chicago, 114 Americanischer Botschafter Chicago, 91 Americanisher Farmer Chicago, 105 Amerik Farmer Chicago, 105 Amerikan Chicago, 1 25 Amerikanaren, Svenska Chicago, 87, 108, 139 Amerikaner, Deutsch Nokomis, 264 Amerikaner, Deutsche- Chicago, 68 Americky, Sokol Chicago, 148 Amerique, L' Chicago, 100 Amusement World Chicago, 139 Andrus' Illustrated Monthly Rockford, 301 Annual Mt. Morris, 253 Anti-Monopolist Bloomington, 30, 31 Hillsboro, 200 Salem, 310 Woodstock, 360 Anti-Monopolist, McLean County Bloomington, 30, 31 Saybrook, 312 Antiquarian, American Chicago, 138 Antiquarian and Oriental Journal, American Chicago, 138 Anzeiger Bloomington, 30 Chicago, 89 Mascoutah, 238 Anzeiger, Deutscher Freeport, 181 Anzeiger, Illinois Staats Springfield, 324 Anzeiger, Macoupin Carlinville, 42 Anzeiger, Madison County Edwardsville, 169 434 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS A. O. H. Emerald Springfield, 326 A. O. U. W. AND I. O. M. A. Re- porter Lincoln, 225 Apex Plainfield, 285 Apiary Shelby ville, 318 Appeal Bloomington, 31 Chicago, 130 Paxton, 27s Appeal, Newsboys' Chicago, 142 Arbeiter, Deutsche Chicago, loi Arbeiterfreund Chicago, 120 Arbeiter-Zeitxing Chicago, 125, 130, 146 ArBEITER-ZeITUNG, CmCAGOER Chicago, 125 Argo, Modern Quincy, 294 Jacksonville, 205 Argus Atlanta, 13, 225, 243 Astoria, 12 Aurora, 15 Batavia, 18 Blandinsville, 27 Bloomington, 30 Cairo, 38, 249 Chicago, loi, 117, 136 Collinsville, 153 Danville, iss Fulton, 182 Greenfield, 193 Jacksonville, 205 Monroe, 246 Murphysboro, 257 Pana, 273 Quincy, 290 Robinson, 297 Rock Island, Ixx, 303 Sandwich, 312 St. Charles, 309 Woodstock, 359 Argus, Democratic Chicago, 63 Argus, Islander and Rock Island, 303 Argus-Journal Cairo, 37, 249 Argus, Poultry Polo, 287 Argus, State Springfield, 326 Argus, Sunday Chicago, 117 Argus and Mound City Journal, Weekly Mound City, 37 Argus, Whiteside County Sterling, 328 Argus, Woodford County Metamora, 241 Ariel Chicago, 58 Arlington Hall Programme Chicago, 89 Army Record Aurora, 16 Army Register Aurora 16 Arrow, Scott County Manchester, 232, 356 Winchester, 358 Art Journal Chicago, 89 Art Journal and Agitator Chicago, 95 Art Review Chicago, 100 Artist Chicago, 139 Arts Chicago, 100 Ashlar Chicago, 68 Aspirant, American Chicago, 119 Atheneum Springfield, 326 Atlantis Chicago, 67 Atlas Monmouth, 246 Nokomis, 264 Atlas-Advance, Republican Monmouth, 246 Atlas, Illinois Springfield, 325 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 435 Atlas, Republican Monmouth, 246 AUGUSTANA Chicago, 114 Rock Island, 303 AUGUSTANA OCH MiSSIONAREN Chicago, 114 Auxiliary, Publishers' Chicago, 104 Avis, Foleets Chicago, 131 Axis, Menard County Petersburg, 283 Babcock Frtffi Record Chicago, 120 Backwoodsman Grafton. 191 Jerseyville, 44 Backwoodsman and Jersey and Green Counties Advertiser Jerseyville, 206 Baecher Zeitung, Conditor, Koch UND Chicago, 139 Balance Chicago, no Ban£r, Zion's Chicago, 134 Galesburg, 186 KnoxviUe, 216 Bank Note and Counteeteit Reporter, Northwestern Chicago, 71 Bank-Note List Chicago, 68 Bank Note Reporter Chicago, 74, 79 Bank Note Reporter and Coun- terfeit Detector Chicago, 74 Bank Note Reporter, McElroy's Chicago, 74, 79 Banker, Lake Zurich Lake Zurich, 217 Banking and Insurance Chronicle Chicago, 86 Banner Aledo, 3 Alton, 8 Belleville, 24 Carlyle, 201 Carrollton, 7 Casey, 46 Chicago, 95, 99 Freeport, 181 Lexington, 223 Mascoutah, 237 Palestine, 272 Peoria, Ixxix Saybrook, 31, 312 Shelbyville, 316 Banner, American Lawrenceville, 220 Banner and Commercial Ad- vertiser, Union Chicago, 82 Banner and Gleaner Cairo, 26 Banner and Morgan County Advertiser, Jacksonville Jacksonville, 203 Banner and Stephenson Gazette Rockford, 302 Banner, Baptist Benton, 26 Ewing, 174 Banner, Carroll County Lanark, 218 Banner, Crawford Hutsonville, 202 Banner, Democratic Aledo, -i Banner, Free Soil Chicago, 61 Banner, Fulton Canton, 39 Lewistown, 222 Banner, Gospel Geneva, 189 Banner, Greene County CarroUtown, 45 Banner, Illinois Peoria, 279 Banner, Industrial Yates City, ci, 360 Banner, Liberty Rock Island, 303 Banner, Little Fort Porcupine and Democratic Little Fort, 227 Waukegan, 352 Banner, Lyceum Chicago, 90 436 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Banner, Moultrie County Union Sullivan, 330 Banner, National Benton, 26 Chicago, 79 Banner of Holiness Bloomington, 31 Banner, Ogle County Polo, 286 Banner, Perry County Pincknejrville, 283 Banner, Poultry Sterling, 329 Banner, St. Clair Belleville, 21, 22, 22, n. Banner, Shelby Shelbyville, 316 Banner, Temperance Alton, 8 Waverly, 353 Banner-Times Casey, 46 Banner, Tribune and Free Soil Quincy, 292 Banner, Union Carlyle, 43, 44, 151 Banner, Union Park Chicago, 105 Banner, West Chicago Chicago, 99 Banner, Western Chicago, 7S Rockford, 302 Banner, Youth's Western Chicago, 67 Banneret, Frihed's Chicago, 63 Baptist Banner Benton, 26 Ewing, 174 Baptist Helmet Vandalia, 342 Baptist, Illinois Bloomington, 29 Baptist, Illustrated Moweaqua, 256 Shelbyville, 318 Baptist Monthly Chicago, 75 Baptist, National Chicago, 98 Baptist, Northwestern Chicago, S4 Salem, 310 Baptist, Pioneer and Western Rock Spring, 305 Baptist Quarterly Chicago, 95 Baptist Standard Bearer, Western Pioneer and Alton, 305 Baptist Union Chicago, 106 Barb City Telegraph De Kalb, 160 Barnburner Greenville, Ixxv, n., 194 Barn-Vannen Chicago, 139 Batavier in America Chicago, 81 Battle Axe Exeter, 175 Havana, 197 Winchester, 357 Battle-Axe, Temperance Chicago, 63 Bazaar, Hospital Chicago, 122 Bazar, Matrimonial Chicago, 97 Beacon Aurora, 13 Carlyle, 42 Freeport, bcxvii Milton, ci, 243 Paris, 274 Beacon, Junction Peru, 282 Beacon Light Peru, 282 Beacon, Prairie Belvidere, 25 Hillsboro, 199 Paris, 274 Beacon, Republican Paris, 274 Beacon, Western Chicago, 129 Beardstown and Petersburg Gazette Beardstown, 18 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 437 Bee Chicago, 82, no Bee Jouenal, American Chicago, 77 Bee Keepers' Magazine Chicago, n4 Bee, Logan County Lincohi, 225 Bee, Stark County Wyoming, 360 Bell Chicago, no Belletristische Zeitung Chicago, 69, 86 Bench and Bar Chicago, 100 Beobachter Chicago, 134 Quincy, 291 Sterling, 328 Wheaton, 355 Beobachter am Illinois Fluss Beardstown, 20 Beobachter am Mississippi Rock Island, 303 Beobachter and Post Chicago, 134 Beobachter, Illinois Alton, 7 Belleville, 21, 22, n. Beobachter von Michigan Chicago, 68 Best Words, Our Shelbyville, 318 Better Age Chicago, IIS Better Covenant Chicago, ss Rockford, $$, 298 St. Charles, sSi 308 Bible Class Scholar Chicago, 14s B3LE Studies, Illustrated Chicago, 122 Blackburn Gazette Carlinville, 42 Blade Hillsboro, 200 Minonk, 154, 244, 294, 297, 308 Blade, Ford County Paxton, 27s Blade, Independent Fairbviry, 175 Blade, Livingston County Fairbury, 175 Bladet Chicago, 134 Blade, Valley Paris, 274 Blatter Chicago, 79 Blatter, Westliche Unterhal- TUNGS Chicago, 88 Board of Trade Chicago, 134 Board of Trade, National Chicago, 137 Board of Trade Report Chicago, 100 Bold Hornet Oswego, 270 Bond County Democrat Greenville, 194 Bonham's Rural Messenger Chicago, 91 Book Seller, Western Chicago, 94 Bookseller and Stationer Chicago, 14s Boone County Advertiser Belvidere, 25 Boone County Democrat Belvidere, 25 Boot and Shoeist, Illustrated Chicago, 136 Botanical Bulletin Chicago, 130 Botanical Gazette Chicago, 130 Bote Highland, 168, 199 Bote, Madison County Edwardsville, 168, 199 Bote und Schuetzen-Zeitung, Highland Highland, 199 Botschafter, Amerikanischer Chicago, 91 Bounty Land Advertiser, Chron- icle AND Beardstown, liii 438 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Bounty Land Register, Illinois Quincy, liii, zgo Bourbon, Sunday Danville, 156 Boy About Town Decatur, 157 Boys and Girls Magazine Chicago, 118 Boys' and Girls' Own, Our Chicago, 118 Breeder and Feeder, American Chicago, 116 Brethren at work. The Lanark. 218 Brewer and Journal of the Barley, Hop, and Malt Trades, Western Chicago, 133 Brewer, Western Chicago, 133 Brddal Bells Chicago, no Bridal Veil Chicago, IIS Bright Side Chicago, 95 Bright Side and Family Circle Chicago, 95 British American Chicago, 81 British Mail Chicago, 95 Brown County Advertiser, Demo- crat and Rushville, 307 Brown County Democrat Mt. SterUng, 254 Brown County Republican Mt. Sterling, 254 Brown School Holiday Budget Chicago, 86 Budbareren Chicago, 125 Budget Chicago, 139 Davis, 156 Freeport, 180, 181 Maroa, 235 Budget, Brown School Holiday Chicago, 86 Budget, Literary Chicago, 64 Budget of Fun, Frank Leslie's Chicago, 86 Bugle Prairie City, 288 Bugle, Democratic Chicago, 70 Bugle, Fillmore Petersburg, 283 Bugle, Temperance Decatur, 159 Lincoln, 225 Virginia, 347 Builder and Journal of Art, American Chicago, 91 Building Journal, Real Estate AND Chicago, 93 Bulletin Cairo, 37 Erie, 173 Freeport, 180 Henry, 199 Kinmundy, 215 Mendota, 14, 240 Metamora, 241 Monticello, 247 Nokomis, 264 Pekin, 277 Raritan, 295 Troy, 331 Warsaw, 349 Bulletin, Botanical Chicago, 130 Bulletin, City Warsaw, 349 Bulletin, Crawford County Robinson, 297 Bulletin, Daily Commercial Chicago, 96 Bulletin, Daily Law Chicago, III Bulletin, Daily Trade Chicago, 96 Bulletin, Extemporary Noyesville, 264 Bulletin, Merchants' Chicago, 147 Bulletin, Morning. Chicago, 72 Bulletin, Musical Chicago, 147 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 439 BuutETm, Railway Advertising Chicago, 147 Bulletin, Reai Estate Paxton, 276 Btoi^tin, Real Estate Jottrnal AND Weekly Chicago, 143 Bumble Bee Albion, 2 Bunder-Posaune Chicago, 134 BuNDES Banner Chicago, 14s Bureau Chicago, 96 Bureau Advocate Princeton, Ixxv, n., 289 Bureau County Democrat Princeton, 289 Bureau County Herald Princeton, 289, 290 Bureau County Patriot Princeton, 289 Bureau County Republican Princeton, 289 Bureau County Times Buda, 34 Bureau County Tribune Princeton, 290 Bureau of Mines, Journal of THE American Chicago, 117 Business Man's Magazine Chicago, 139 Cabinet Maker, Upholsterer and Carpet Reporter, American Cliicago, 100 Cabinet, Youth's Chicago, 109 Calhoun County Democrat Hardin, 195 Calhoun Herald Hardin, 195 Calhoun Times Hardin, 195 Calhoun Times-Herald Hardin, 195 Call Buda, 34 Chicago, 139 Lincofii, 22s Peoria, 281 Quincy, 293 Calumet of Peace Carlyle, 43 Calumet Sun Chicago, 98 Camp Register Cairo, 36 Campaign Argument Jacksonville, 205 Campaign Observer Elgin, 170 Campaigner Litchfield, 226 Candid Examiner, Star of Beth- lehem AND Alton, 8 Cantonian Canton, 40 Capital Record and Family Journal Springfield, 325 Car and Locomotive Builder, National Chicago, 108 Car Builder, National Chicago, 108 Carl Pretzel's Magazine Pook Chicago, no Carl Pretzel's National Weekly Chicago, 120 Carnival Herald Chicago, 14s Carpet Reporter, American Cab- inet Maker Upholsterer and Chicago, TOO Carroll County Banner Lanark, 218 Carroll County Gazette Lanark, 218, 313, 334 Carroll County Mirror Mt. Carroll, 251, 334 Carthagenian Carthage, 45, 46 Cass County Courier Virginia, 346 Cass County Democrat Beardstown, 19, 20 Virginia, 346 Cass County Independent Pekin, 277 Virginia,|34S 440 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Cass Coxinty Journal Chandlerville, 49 Cass County Messenger Beardstown, ig Cass County Times Virginia, 34s, 346 Cass County Union Virginia, 346 Catholic's Friend, Young Chicago, 86 Catholic Journal Chicago, 76 Catholic News Chicago, 14s Catholic Pilot Chicago, 120 Catholic Vindicator Chicago, 115 Catholic, Western Chicago, 94 Cavalier, Daily Chicago, 58 Censer, Golden Rockford, 301, 302 Centennial OdeU, 26s Central Homestead Pana, 273 Centralian Centralia, 46 Central Illinoisan Beardstown, 19, 20 Central Illinois Gazette Champaign, 47, 48 Central Illinois Democrat Pana, 272 Central Illinois Review Onarga, 267 Central Illinois Times Shelbyville, 317 Central Illinois Wochenblatt Ottawa, 271 Central News Wayne, 354 Central Orient Pana, 273 Central Recorder, News and Payson, 276 Central Transcript Clinton, 151 Central Transcript, DeWitt County Public and Clinton, 152 Central, Wayne County JefEersonville, 206 Chess Journal, American Chicago, 138 Children's Voice Chicago, 120 Child's Friend Chicago, no Child's Paper Chicago, 106 Child's Paper, Every Chicago, 13s Child's World Chicago, 106 Champaign County Democrat Urbana, 338 Champaign County Gazette Champaign, 48 Champaign County Herald Urbana, 339 Champaign County Journal Urbana, 48, 338 Champaign County Patriot Urbana, 338 Champaign County Union and Gazette Champaign, 48 Champion Beardstown, 19 Peoria, Ixx, 278 Champion and Peoria Herald, Illinois Peoria, liii, 278 Champion and Peoria Republican, Illinois Peoria, 278 Champion, Illustrated Chicago, 146 Champion oe Fair Play Chicago, 139 Champion op Freedom Polo, 286 Chapel Chronicle Chicago, 139 Chemical Record, Pharmacist AND Chicago, 93 Chemist, Pharmacist and Chicago, 93 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 441 Chicago Alliance Chicago, 113 Chicago Commercial Advertiser Chicago, 115 Chicago Commercial Express Chicago, 72 Chicago Daily Commercial Report AND Market Review Chicago, 70 Chicago Daily Drovers' Journal Chicago, IIS Chicago Daily Drovers' Journal AND Farm News Chicago, 115 Chicago Daily Farmers' and Drovers' Journal Chicago, 116 Chicago Daily Times Chicago, 6s Chicago Dollar Newspaper Chicago, 63 Chicago Dollar Weekly Chicago, 63 Chicagoer Aebeiter-Zeittjng Chicago, I2S Chicagoer Freie Presse Chicago, 107 Chicagoer Handels-Zeitung Chicago, 126 Chicagoer Neue Freie Presse Chicago, 107 Chicagoer Socialist Chicago, 133 Chicagoer Volks-Zeitung Cliicago, 138 Chicagoer Wespen Chicago, 129 Chicago Field Chicago, 121 Chicago Illustrated News Chicago, 127, 146 Chicago Journal op Nervous AND Mental Diseases Chicago, 123 Chicago Librarian Cliicago, 112 Chicago Magazine Chicago, 71 Chicago Magazine op Fashion, Music, and Home Reading Cliicago, 102 Chicago Medical Examiner Chicago, 76 Chicago Medical Journal Chicago, s6 Chicago Medical Journal And Examiner Chicago, S7 Chicago Merchants' And Man- ufacturers' Record Chicago, 92 Chicago Merchants' Weekly Circular Cliicago, 78 Chicago Merchants' Weekly Cir- cular And Illustrated News Chicago, 78 Chicago Mining Review Chicago, 141 Chicago National Chicago, 108 Chicago News, Illustrated Chicago, 92 Chicago Post Chicago, 84 Chicago Pulpit Chicago, 113 Chicago Railway Review Chicago, 93 Chicago Record Chicago, 72 Chicago Review Chicago, 143 Chicago Ribbon Review Chicago, 143 Chicago Schoolmaster Chicago, 104, 264 Chicago Teacher Chicago, 113 Chicago Times Chicago, 66 Chicago Western Home Chicago, 9S Chicago AN Chicago, 91, 94, 95 Chicagsky Vestnik Chicago, 119 Chief Cambridge, 38 Kunkakee, 210 Orion, 269 Wyoming, 360 442 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Chief, Democratic Girard, 190 CmEF, Pralrie Cambridge, 269 Galesburg, 187 Prairie City, 288 Toulon, 336, 360 Chief, Shawnee Shawneetown, 314, 314, n. Chief, Winnebago Rockford, 301 Chief, Winnebago County Rockford, 301 Chimney Corner, Frank Leslie's Chicago, 86 Christian at Work Chicago, 120 Christian Association Herald, Young Men's Springfield, 326 Christian Banker Chicago, 65 Christian County Democrat Taylorville, 333 Christian County Real Estate Advertiser Taylorville, 334 Christian Cynosure Chicago, 92 Wheaton, 355 Christian Era Chicago, 63 Christian Freeman Chicago, 100 Christian Gleaner Chillicothe, 150 Rockford, 302 Christian, Gospel Echo and Quincy, 293 Christian Herald Eureka, 173 Jeffersonville, 206 Christian Instructor Chicago, 75 Jefifersonville, 206 McLeansboro, 230 Christian Instructor and West- ern United Presbyterian Chicago, 75 Christian Instructor, Herald or THE Coming Kingdom and Chicago, 89, 109 Christian Messenger Jacksonville, 204 Christian News Alton, 8 Christian Philosopher Geneseo, 188 Christian Pilgrim Sycamore, 332 Christian Radical Polo, 287 Christian Register Chicago, 126 Christian Sentinel Eureka, 280 Peoria, 280 Christian Shoemaker Chicago, 6s Christian Sunday School Teacher Chicago, 131 Christian Times Chicago, 61 Christian Times, Advent Chicago, 81 Christian Times and Witness Chicago, 61 Christian Union Chicago, 115 Christian Voice Chicago, IIS Christian, Western Elgin, kxv, n. 170 Chronicle Aurora, 15 Bradford, 32 Cambridge, 186 Chicago, 86, 131 Coulterville, 153 Decatur, 157 De Kalb, 160 Elgin, 170 Elm wood, 172 Harrisburg, 195 Hoopeston, 201 LaMoille, 21S Mendota, 240 Peoria, Ixxvii Peru, Ixx, 282 Prairie City, 288 Sparland, 319, 349 Vermont, 222, 344 Winchester, bxvii Yates City, 360 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 443 Chronicle and Advocate Waukegan, 352,353 Chronicle and Herald Elmwood, 172 Yates City, 360 Chronicle and Literary Gazette, Illinois Palestine, 272 Chronicle, Banking and Insur- ance Chicago, 86 Chronicle and Illinois Bounty Land Advertiser, Beaedstown, Beardstown, liii, 18 Chronicle, Chapel Chicago, 139 Chronicle, College Naperville, 258 Chronicle, Commercial Chicago, 14s Chronicle, Cook County Arlington Heights, 11 Chronicle, Franklin County Benton, 27 Chronicle, Gazette and DecatTir, 157, 158 Chronicle, Henry County Cambridge, 38 Chronicle, Illinois State Decatur, Ixxvii, 157 Chronicle, Lake County Waukegan, Ixxv, n., 352, 353 Chronicle, Moultrie County Sullivan, 330 Chronicle, News Lewistown, 222 Chronicle, North Vermillion Hoopeston, 201 Chronicle-Sentinel Harrisburg, ig6 Chronicle, Whiteside Sterling, 328 Chronik des Westens Rock Island, 304 Chronotype Mt. Sterling, 253 Chronotype, Saturday Evening Chicago, 72 Church, The Polo, 287 Church Advocate Grayville, 192 Church Advocate, Northwestern Chicago, 67 Church and Home Shelbyville, 318 Church and School Chicago, 134 Church, Northwestern Chicago, 72 Church Progress Marshall, 237 Church Record Chicago, 72 Church Reporter Quincy, 293 Churchman, American Chicago, 78 Churchman, Western Chicago, 77 Cicero Sun Chicago, 98 Circular and Illustrated News, Chicago Merchants' Weekly Chicago, 78 Circular and Illustrated News, Merchants' Monthly Chicago, 78 Circular, Chicago Merchants' Weekly Chicago, 78 Citizen Algonquin, 3 Auburn, 13 Chillicothe, 150, 219, 290 Dundee, 163 IlUopohs, 202 Kansas, 211 Lawnridge, 219 Marseilles, 235 Mohne, 244 Mt. Pulaski, 202, 222 Mt. Sterling, 253 Princeville, 290 RoseviUe, 306 Rushville, 308 Tolono, 335 Woodstock, 359 Citizen, Chicago Western Chicago, 6 Citizen, Illinois Danville, 155 Citizen, Lake County Waukegan, 353 444 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Citizen, New Nauvoo, 260 Citizen, Schuyler Rushville, 307 Citizen, Western Chicago, Ixxv, n., sSi 61, 64, 229 Rock Island, 303 Citizens' League Chicago, 139 City Bulletin Warsaw, 349 City Evening News Chicago, 82 City Item Cairo, 37 City Life Illustrated Aurora, 15 City Times Cairo, 35, 36 City Weekly Sycamore, 332 Clarion Mattoon, 238 Naperville, 258 Urbana, 338 Clarion, Democratic Havana, 197 Clakion, Kendall, Bristol, 33 Clarion, Lincoln Springfield, 324 Clarion, Valley Chester, 52 Clark County Democrat Marshall, 236, 237 Clark County Herald Marshall, 237 Clay County Tribune Louisville, 228 Clear Grit Starting, 329 Clement Register Huey, 201 Clinton County Pioneer Cariyle, 44 Clipper Biggsville, 27 La Moille, 218 Newark, 262 Stewartson, 329 Clipper, Jasper County Newton, 263 Clothing, FuitNiSHiNG and Hat Reporter, Western Chicago, 148 Clothing Gazette Chicago, 134 Cloud and the Bow Chicago, 73 Cody's Advertiser Waukegan, 352 Coles County Globe Charieston, 50, n. Coles County Herald Mattoon, 239 Coles County Ledger Charieston, 50 Collector Chicago, 100 College Chronicle Naperville, 258 College Courier Monmouth, 246 College Journal, Drew's Chicago, 131 College Magazine, Western Chicago, 148 College Rambler Jacksonville, 206 College Record Wheaton, 355 College Review Upper Alton, 338 College Times Chicago, 96 Collegian, Rockford Rockford, 301 COLONIE IcARIENNE Nauvoo, 261 Columbus Herald Sparta, 319 Comet Greenfield, 192 Coming Kingdom and Christian Instructor, Herald of the Chicago, 89, 109 Coming Woman Henry, 199 Commerce, Journal or Chicago, 79 Commercial Cairo, 37 Centralia, 47 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 445 Chicago, 126 Danville, iss Dwight, 164 Mattoon, 239 Rock Island, kx, 304 Shelbyville, 317 Commercial Advertiser Chicago, S3, 58, 115 Dunleith, 163 Galena, 184 Commercial Advertiser and Counting Room Manual Chicago, 82 Commercial Advertiser, Demo- crat Advocate and Chicago, SS Commercial Advertiser, Indus- trial World and Chicago, 115 Commercial Advertiser, Union Banner and Chicago, 82 Commercial Advertiser, Will County Lockport, 227 Commercial and Volksfreund Peru, 282 Commercial Bulletin, Daily Chicago, 96 Commercial Bulletin and North- western Reporter Chicago, 6g Commercial Chronicle Chicago, 145 Commercial Enterprise Chicago, 106 Commercial Express, Chicago Chicago, 72 Commercial Express and Western Produce Reporter, Wells' Chicago, 72 Commercial Gazette Alton, 6 Commercial Graphic Chicago, 14s Commercial Journal Warsaw, 45, 217, 348 Commercial Letter Chicago, 69, 7S Commercial Miller Ottawa, 271 Commercial News Danville, iJS Commercial, News and Danville, 155 Commercial, Northern Illinois Keithsburg, 213 Commercial Price Current Chicago, 120 Commercial Record Monmouth, 246 Commercial Register Chicago, 63 Commercial Register, Daily Ex- press AND Chicago, 63 Commercial Report and Market Review, Chicago Daily Chicago, 70 Commercial Report And Market Review, Daily Chicago, 86 Commercial Reporter Chicago, 100 Commercial Review Qtiincy, 293 Commercial, Sun and Cairo, 37 Commercial Traveler, North Western Chicago, 142 Common School Advocate Jacksonville, 203 Companion, Sunday School Chicago, 109 Concordia Chicago, 86, 134 CoNDiTOR, Koch und Boeckee Zeitung Chicago, 139 Conductor's Brotherhood Maga- zine, Railroad Chicago, 132 Conductor's Magazine and Re- pository Chicago, 14s Confectioner and Baker Chicago, 148 Confectioner and Baker, West- ern Chicago, 148 Congregational Herald Chicago, 58 Congregational Review Chicago, 75 446 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Conservative Carlinville, 42 Monticello, 246 Springfield, 324 Virden, 345 Conservator Chicago, 139 Conservatory Chicago, 126 Constitution Cariyle, 43 Nashville, 259 Robinson, 297 Constitution, Our Urbana, 338 Constitution And Union Cariyle, 43 Constitutionalist Ottawa, 270 Constitutionist Jacksonville, Ixx, 205 Contract Journal, Engineering News and American Chicago, 121 Contractor, American Chicago, 14s Cook County Chronicle Arlington Heights, 11 Cook County Herald Arlington Heights, 11 Cook County Record Des Plaines, 161 Cook County Sun Chicago, 98 Corrector, Illinois Edwardsville, 166 Correspondent Galena, 183 Cosmopolitan Chicago, 135 Cosmopolite Chicago, 106 Cosmos, Dental Chicago, 7S Cottage Monthly Chicago, 115 Counterfeit Detector, Bank Note Reporter and Chicago, 74 Counterfeit Reporter, North- western Bank Note and Chicago, 71 Counting Room Manual, Commee- clal Advertiser and Chicago, 82 County News Payson, 276 Courant Chicago, Ixxvi, 65 Courier Altamont, 3 Alton, Ixx, 4, 7 Belvidere, 25 Bement, 26 Bloomington, 31, 32 Canton, 40 Carmi, 44 Charleston, 49, 50 Cherry Valley, 51 Chicago, 68, 89, 120 Clinton, Ixxix D wight, 164 Elgin, 172 Fulton, 182 Galena, Ixx, 163, 184 Gibson City, 189 Henry, 167, 198 Joliet, 207 Kewanee, 215 Lebanon, 221 Lexington, 223 Lincoln, 224 Onarga, 267 Oregon, 269 Quincy, Ixx, 291 Red Bud, 295 Sheldon, 318 Springfield, 321 Thomson, 334 Trenton, 337 Urbana, 339 Varna, 344 Virginia, 346 Warsaw, 349 Courier, American Greenville, 194 Courier, Cass County Virginia, 346 Courier, College Monmouth, 246 COURRIER DE LTlLINOIS Kankakee, 211 Courier, De Witt Clinton, 151 Courier, Dollar Carmi, 44 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 447 CouwER, Fashion Chicago, 140 COTTKIER, Fox RrVER Elgin, 170 CoxTRiER, Franklin County Benton, 27 Courier, Illinois Jacksonville, 205 Quincy, 292 Courier, Juliet Joliet, 207 Courier, Kendall County Oswego, 270 Courier, Lawrence County Lawrenceville, 220 Courier, Logan County Lincoln, 224 Courier, Madison County EdwardsviUe, 168 Courier, Star Kewanee, 2x5 Courier, Times- Lincoln, 224 Courier, Will County Joliet, 208 Courier-Herald Urbana, 339 Courier-Herald, Sunday Chicago, 120 Covenant, Better Chicago, ss Rockford, 55, 298 St. Charles, 55, 308 Covenant, New Chicago, 62 Covenant, Star and Chicago, 62 Crawford Banner Hutsonville, 202 Crawford County Bulletin Robinson, 297 Crawford Democrat Robinson, 297 Crescent Age Rockford, 300 Crisis EdwardsviUe, 166, 272 Crisis, Political Springfield, 325 * Criterion, Farmers' Forreston, 180 Criterion, Grocers' Chicago, 117 Critic, Insurance Chicago, 123 Crop Reporter, National Jacksonville, 205 Cross and the Sword, the Chicago, 120 Crusader Chicago, 121 Crusader, Temperance Warsaw, 349 Crusader, Western Chicago, 69 Cynosure, Christian Chicago, 92 Wheaton, 355 Cudgel Rockford, 299 Cumberland Democrat Majority Point, 232 Prairie City, z66, n. Cumberland Presbyterian Alton, 8 Cumberland Republican Majority Point, 232 Curiosity Hunter Belvidere, 25 Rockford, 301 Dagslyset Chicago, 100 Daheim Chicago, 106, 107 Daheim, Westen und Chicago, 62, 106, 107, 125 Daughter of Temperance Naperville, 257 Day Spring Chicago, 145 Deaf-Mute Advance Jacksonville, 205 De Kalb County Farmer Sycamore, 332 De Kalb County News De Kalb, 160 De Kalb County Republican Sycamore, 331 De Kalb County Sentinel De Kalb, 160 De Kalb Review, Western World and De Kalb, 160 448 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Delta Cairo, 35 Delta, Times and Cairo, 35 Democrat Aledo, 3 Alton, 8, 9 Aurora, 13 Beardstown, 19 Belleville, 23 Benton, 26 Bloomington, 30 Cairo, 36, 37 Cambridge, 38 Carbondale, 40 Carlinville, 42 Carlyle, Ixx CarroUton, 45 Centralia, 47 Chicago, liii, kiv, Ixxx, 52, 106 Chillicothe, 150 Decatur, 157, 158 Edwardsville, 169 Effingham, 169 Eureka, 174 Fairfield, 176 Galena, 182, 184 Galesburg, 187 Grajrville, 192 Greenup, 193 HiUsboro, 200 Jerseyville, 206 Kankakee, 210 Kaskaskia, 213 Kinmundy, 215 Lacon, 217 La Salle, 219 Lewistown, 222 Litchfield, 226 Mattoon, 238 Mendota, 240 Metropolis City, 242 Monmouth, 246 Morrison, 248 Nashville, 258, 259 Newman, 262 Peru, 282 Petersburg, 283 Pinckneyville, 284 Quincy, 293 Red Bud, 296 Richview, 296 Shelby ville, 317 Sparta, 319 Sullivan, 330 Taylorville, 334 Toledo, 335 Watseka, 352 Winchester, 357 Woodstock, 359 Democrat Advocate and Com- mercial Advertiser Chicago, 55 Democrat, National Alton, 7 Democrat and Brown County Advertiser Rushville, 307 Democrat and Illinois Adver- tiser, Gallatin Shawneetown, 314 Democrat, Bond County Greenville, 194 Democrat, Boone County Belvidere, 25 Democrat, Brown County Mt. SterUng, 254 Democrat, Bureau County Princeton, 289 Democrat, Calhoun County Hardin, 195 Democrat, Cass County Beardstown, 19, 20 Virginia, 346 Democrat, Central Illinois Pana, 272 Democrat, Champaign County Urbana, 338 Democrat, Christian County Taylorville, 333 Democrat, Clark County Marshall, 236, 237 Democrat, Crawford Robinson, 297 Democrat, Cumberland Majority Point, 232 Prairie City, 266, n. Democrat, De Witt County Clinton, 152 Democrat, Douglas County Areola, 11 Democrat, Effingham County Effingham, 169 Democrat, Fayette Vandalia, 343 Democrat, Ford's Livingston County Pontiac, 288 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 449 Democrat, Free, see Free Democrat Democrat, Fulton Lewistown, 222 Democrat, Greene County Greenfield, 193 White HaU, 305, 356 Democrat, Hamilton McLeansboro, 230 Democrat, Hancock Carthage, 46 Dallas, 154 La Harpe, 217, 348 Warsaw, 349 Democrat, Illinois Champaign, 48 Jacksonville, 204 Urbana, 339 Democrat, Illinoisan- Beardstown, 19, 20 Democrat, Illinois Staats Springfield, 325 Democrat, Illinois State Marshall, 236 Springfield, 324 Democrat, Independent Oregon, 269 Waterloo, 350 Waukegan, 352, 353 Democrat, Iroquois County Times- Watseka, 352 Democrat, Jackson Murphysboro, 256 Democrat, Jacksonian Louisville, 228 Democrat, Jasper County Newton, 263 Democrat, Jersey County JerseyviUe, 206 Democrat- Journal Eureka, 174 Democrat, Kane County St. Charles, 309 Democrat, Kankakee County Kankakee, 210 Democrat, Knox County Abingdon, i Democrat, Lake County Waukegan, 353 Democrat, Lawrence County Lawrenceville, 220 Democrat, Ledger Louisville, 228 Democrat, Lee County Dixon, 162 Democrat, Liberal Champaign, 48 Collinsville, 153 Democrat, Livingston County Pontiac, 288 Democrat, Logan County Lincoln, 224 Democrat, Marshall County Henry, 198 Lacon, 217 Democrat, Mason County Havana, 197 Democrat, McDonough Macomb, 231 Democrat, McDonough County Blandinsville, 27 Democrat, McHenry County Woodstock, 360 Democrat, Mercer County Keithsburg, 213 Democrat-Message Mt. Sterling, 254 Democrat, Monroe Waterloo, 350 Democrat, Montgomery County Litchfield, 226 Democrat, Moudy's Richview, 296 Democrat, National Chicago, 69, 132 Peoria, 281 Democrat, Ogle County Mt. Morris, 253 Democrat, Okaw Shelbyville, 316 Democrat, Perry County Pinckneyville, 284 Democrat, Piatt Monticello, 246 Democrat, Pike County Pittsfield, 28s Democrat, Pike's Decatur, 158 Democrat, Pomeroy's Chicago, 132 Democrat, Pomeroy's Illustrated Chicago, 132 45° ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Democrat, Pope County Golconda, 191 Democrat, Prairie Freeport, 180 Mt. Sterling, 253 Sparta, 320 Democrat-Press LaSalle, 219 Democrat, Pulaski Caledonia, 38 Democrat, Randolph County Chester, 51 Democrat, Rock River Rockford, 299 Democrat, Schxtyler County Rushville, 307 Democrat, Second District Elgin, 170 Democrat Standard La Salle, 219 Democrat, Stark County Toulon, 187, 336 Democrat, Sunday CHicago, loi Democrat, Tazewell Tremont 337 Democrat, True Joliet, bxvii, 208 Democrat, Union Kewanee, 214 Democrat, Union County Jonesboro, 209 Democrat, Wabash Mt. Carmel, 251 Democrat, War Fairfield, 176 Democrat, Western Kaskaskia, 212 Democrat, Whiteside Fulton, 182 Democrat, Williamson County Marion, 234 Democrat, Young American Nashville, 259 Democratic Argus Chicago, 63 Democratic Banner Aledo, 2 Democratic Banner, Little Fort Porcupine and Little Fort, 227 Waukegan, 352 Democratic Bugle Chicago, 70 Democratic Chiee Girard, igo Democratic Clarion Havana, 197 Democratic Era Decatur, 159 Democratic Herald Lawrenceville, 220 Democratic News Bloomington, 31 Democratic Organ Marion, 233 Democratic Plaindealer Naperville, 257 Democratic Platform St. Charles, 308 Democratic Peess Chicago, Ixxii, 60, 63 Keithsburg, 213 Nauvoo, 261 Peoria, Ixx, 278, 279 Democratic Repository Canton, 39 Democratic Review, Alton Tele- graph AND Alton, 4 Democratic Review, McDonough Independent and Macomb, 231 Democratic Standaiuj Geneseo, 188 Paris, 274 Rockford, 300 Democratic Union Chillicothe, 150 Jerseyville, 206 Democratic Unionist, True Havana, 197 Democratic Watchman Newton, 263 Democratischer Whig, Illinois Adler und Springfield, 323 Demokrat ■ Belleville, 23 Chicago, 70 Peoria, 279, 280 Quincy, 293 Densmore's Lady's Friend Chicago, III INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 4SI Dental Cosmos Chicago, 75 Dental Jousnal, People's Chicago, 80 Despatch Belleville, 24 Decatur, 159 Despatch, Daily Heeald- Decatur, 159, 160 Detector Chicago, loi Detector, Bank Note Reporter AND CoUNTEHPEIT Chicago, 74 Det Ratta Hemlandet Chicago, 74 • Galesburg, 185 Deutsch Ameeikaner Nokomis, 264 DETJTSCH-AMEErCANISCHE MONATS- HEFTE Chicago, 81 Dedtsche-Amerikaner Chicago, 68 Deutsche Amerikanische Mueller Chicago, 135 Deutsche Arbeiter Chicago, loi Deutsche Presse, McLean County Bloomington, 30 Deutsche Volks-Zeitung Bloomington, 30 Deutsche Warte Chicago, 13s Deutsche Zeitung Danville, 156 Galena, 184 Peoria, 7, 279 Deutscher Anzeiger Freeport, 181 De Witt County Democrat Chicago, 152 De Witt County Gazette Clinton, 152 De Witt County Messenger Clinton, 153 De Witt County Public and Cen- tral Transcript Clinton, 152 De Witt County Republican Clinton, 178 De Witt Courier Clinton, 151 De Witt Register Clinton, 152 Dial Elgin, 171 Dial, Henry County Kewanee, 214 Diocese Chicago, no Knoxville, 216 Dispatch Barry, 17 Chicago, loi Greenfield, 193 Jacksonville, 205 Mendon, 240 Minonk, 244 Moline, 245 Woodhull, 359 Dispatch, Review- Moline, 245 District Democrat, Second Elgin, 170 Dixon Telegraph and Lee County Herald Dixon, 161, n. DoBA, Nova Chicago, 92 Dollar Advocate Waterloo, 350 Dollar Courier Cartui, 44 Dollar Monthly Pl3miouth, 286 Dollar Monthly and Old Set- tlers' Memorial, Gregg's Hamilton, 195 Dollar Newspaper, Chicago Chicago, 63 Dollar Rural Messenger Hamilton, 195 Dollar Sentinel Windsor, 358 Dollar Star Mt. Pulaski, 253 Dollar Sun Chicago, 98 • Dollar Weekly Chicago, 58 Dollar Weekly Gazette Olney, 266 452 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Dollar Weekly News Elgin, 171 Dollar Weekly Sun Chicago, 98 DOLTON-RlVERDALE REVIEW Dolton, 162 Dot Paper East St. Louis, 166 Douglas County Democrat Areola, 11 Douglas County Review Tuscola, 337 Douglas County Shield Tuscola, 337 Dramatic News, Daily Cairo, 36 Drew's College Journal Chicago, 131 Drovers' Journal Chicago, lis Drovers' Journal and Farm News, Chicago Daily Chicago, 115 Drovers' Journal, Chicago Daily Chicago, 115 Drovers' Journal, Chicago Daily Farmers' and Chicago, 116 Drovers' Journal, Goodall's Farmer and Weekly Chicago, IIS Drug Price List, Grocery and Chicago, no Druggist Chicago, 13s Druggist and Paint and Oil Re- view Chicago, 146 Druggist, Western Chicago, 93, 149 Druggists' Price Current Chicago, g6 Druide, Erz- Quincy, 293 Druidic Record Quincy, 294 Dry Goods Price List Chicago, loi Dry Goods Reporter Chicago, 106 Duch Casu Chicago, 13s Dud, Daily Elgin, 171 Dunton's Spirit of the Turf Chicago, 131 Du Page County Gazette Wheaton, 355 Du Page County Journal Naperville, 257 Du Page County Observer Naperville, 257 Du Page County Press Naperville, 257 Du Page County Recorder Naperville, 2S7 Du Page County Volks-Zeitung Naperville, 258 Du Page County Zeitung Wheaton, 355 Eagle Ashland, 11 Belleville, Ixx, 23 Farmer City, 178 Macomb, 231 Monee, 24s Peotone, 282 Roodhouse, 306 South Chicago, 319 Eagle, American Salem, 310 Eagle, Hancock Nauvoo, 260 Eagle, Union McLeansboro, 230 Eagle, War Cairo, 36 Waterloo, 350 East Knox News Yates City, 360 Eastern Illinois Register Paxton, 27s Eastern Illinoisan Marshall, 236 Eastern Will Union Beecher, 20 Echo Carthage, 45 Farina, 177 Echo and Christian, Gospel Quincy, 293 Echo, Gospel Carrolltown, 45 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 4S3 Echo, McLean County Bloomington, 29 Eclectic Advertiser, American Enterprise and Springfield, 324 Eclectic Home Chicago, 92 Eclectic Journal of Education AND Literary Review Chicago, 63 Edgar County Gazette Paris, 274 Edgar County Reporter Paris, 274 Edgar County Times Paris, 274 Edgerton's Weekly Evergreen, Wild Chicago, 134 Editor's Eye Chicago, 131 Education, Home and School Bloomington, 30 Educational Journal, Western Chicago, 149 Educational Magazine Abingdon, i Educational Review, American Cliicago, 148 Educational Weekly Cliicago, 131, 264 Educator, American Lockport, 227 Educator and Magazine of Lit- erature AND Science, North- western Chicago, S9 Effingham County Democrat Effingham, 169 Egyptian Cairo, 35 Red Bud, 295 Egyptian Artery Vienna, 344 Egyptian Obelisk Cairo, 36 Egyptian Picket Guard Chester, 51 Egyptian Press Marion, 234 Egyptian Republic Centralia, 47 Egyptian Republican Albion, 2 Egyptian Spy Tamaroa, 332 Egyptian Torchlight Mt. Vernon, 255 Electrotype Journal Chicago, 116 Electrotyper Chicago, 1x6 Emerald, A. O. H. Springfield, 326 Emery's Journal of Agriculture Chicago, 73 Emery's Journal of Agriculture AND Prairie Farmer Chicago, S4, 73 Emigrant, Illinois Shawneetown, xxviii, xxix, xxxi, 314, 314, n. Emigrants' Magazine and Histor- ian of Times in the West, Western Carthage, 45 Emporium, National Moimd City, 249 Engineer and Railroad Journal, American Cliicago, 108 Engineer, Architect and Sur- veyor Chicago, 121 Engineering News Chicago, 121 Engineering News and American Contract Journal Chicago, 121 Engineering News and American Railway Journal Chicago, 121 Engineering Review, Railway and Chicago, 93 Enquirer Ashley, 12 Buckley, 34 Danville, liii, iss Newton, 263 Virginia, 347 Enquirer, Macoupin County Carlinville, 41 Enquirer, Madison County Edwardsville, 167 4S4 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Ensign Medora, 239 Enterprise Barry, 17 Bloomington, 31 Camp Point, 38 Centralia, 46 Chicago, 126 Chrisman, 150 Clayton, 151 Clifton, 151 Cobden, 153 Crete, 154 Davis Junction 156 Durand, 164 Gibson City, 189 Girard, igo Golconda, 191 Homer, 201 Jacksonville, 205 Le Roy, 221 Lexington, 223 Lovington, 229 Macomb, 231 Mascoutah, 237 Medora, 239 Mendon, 240 Meredosia, 241 MiUington, 243 Palatine, 17, 271, 272 Pana, 272 Pecatonica, 276 Quincy, 294 Rossville, 306 Sheldon, 318 Springfield, kx Stewartson, 329 Tallula, 332 Tamoroa, 332 Utica, 339 Waverly, 354 WoodhuU, 358 Enterprise and Eclectic Adver- tiser, American Springfield, 324 Enterprise and Times Chicago, 126 Enterprise, Commercial Chicago, 106 Enterprise, Herald Golconda, 191 Enterprise, Journal Waverly, 354 Enterprise, Lee County Franklin Grove, 180 Enterprise, Prairie Minonk, 243 Enterprise, Pulaski Mound City, 250 Enterprise, Railroader and Rail- way Chicago, 143 Enterprise, Railway Chicago, 143 Enterprise, Western Chicago, 71, 144 Envoy, Semi-Weekly Elgin, 171 Era Blandinsville, 27 New Athens, 262 Era and Southern Illinoisan, Jackson County Murphysboro, 257 Era, Christian Chicago, 63 Era, Democratic Decatur, 159 Era, Golden McLeansboro, ci, 230, 315, n. Era, Hancock New Warsaw, 349 Era, and Southern Illinoisan, Jackson County Carbondale, 40 Era, National Danville, ci, 156 Era, New, see New Era Era, Repdblican- Murphysboro, 257 Erzaehler Highland, 199 Erz-Druide Quincy, 293 Eulenspiegel Chicago, 116 Evangel Chicago, 71 Evangelise Tidskrift Chicago, 13s Evangelist Chicago, 66, 82 Evangelist and Little Preacher Youth's Chicago, 149 Evangelist At Work Jeffersonville, 206 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 4SS Evangelist, Western Greenville, 194 Rockwell, 305 EVANGELISTEN Galesburg, 185 EVANSTONIAN Evanston, 174 Evening Argtjs Bloomington, 30 Evening Call Quincy, 293 Evening Gazette Springfield, 326 Evening Herald, Saturday Chicago, 124 Evening Journal Chicago, 57 Peoria, 281 Quincy, 293 Evening Lamp Chicago, g6 Evening Mail Chicago, 103 Evening Post Aurora, 16 Chicago, xciv, 77, 84, 103, 127 Marion, 234 Evening Record Chicago, 78 Evening Republican White Hall, 356 Evening Review Peoria, 281 Evening Telegraph Dixon, 161 Evergreen, Wild Edgerton's Weekly Chicago, 134 Everybody's Paper Chicago, 96 Every Child's Paper Chicago, 13s Every Youth's Paper Chicago, 13s Examiner Chicago, loi Jerseyville, 207 Roodhouse, 306 Examiner, Chicago Medical Chicago, 76 Examiner, Chicago Medical Jour- nal and Chicago, 57 Examiner, Medical Chicago, 76 Examiner, Medical Journal and Chicago, 76 Examiner, Political Rushville, Ivi, 307 Examiner, Republican- Jerseyville, 207 Excelsior Magazine Chicago, 116 Excelsior, Northwestern Waukegan, 353 Exchange Le Roy, 221 Exchange, Union Stock Yards Chicago, 91 Experiment Lincoln, 224 Exponent Casey, 46, 256 Mt. Vernon, 256 Export Journal, Western Trade AND Chicago, 129 Exposition Daily Press Chicago, 139 Exposition Pictorial Advertiser Chicago, 116 Expositor Batavia, 18 Greenup, 193 Nauvoo, Ixxxvii, Ixxxviii, Ixxxix, 18, 260 Expositor, Fox River Batavia, 18 Expositor, Presbyterian Chicago, 71 Express Abingdon, i Aurora, 15 Byron, 35 Chicago, d, 54, 63, 116 Kane, 209, 356 Martinsville, 237 McLeansboro, 229 Petersburg, 283 Shabbona, 313 Shannon, 313 Sullivan, 330 Warsaw, 348 Express and Commercial Regis- TER,^DArLY Chicago, 63 4S6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Express and Western Produce Reporter, Wells' Commercial Chicago, 72 Express, Chicago Commercial Chicago, 72 Express, Rock River Rockford, 298 Extemporary Bttlletin Noyesville, 264 Eye Chicago, 13s Eye, Editor's Chicago, 131 Eye, Sunday Morning Bloomington, 32 Fackel Chicago, 130, 146 Facklan Chicago, 116 Factory and Farm Chicago, 127, 131 Faedeeneslandet Chicago, 140 Fair Play Chicago, 135 Fair Play, Champion of Chicago, 139 Faith's Record Chicago, 107 Famalje Altaret Chicago, 146 Familieblad, Illustreret Chicago, 146 Famtlienfreund McHenry, 134 Family and Farm Journal Jerseyville, 207 Family Circle Chicago, loi Family Circle, Bright Side and Chicago, 9S Family Gazette, Agriculture and Chicago, I4S Family Gazette, Shoafp's Decatur, 156 Family Journal Chicago, 140 Family Journal, Capital Record Springfield, 325 Family Monitor, Western Marion, 233 Family Weekly Paper, Western Rural and Chicago, 80 Fancy Grocer Chicago, 131 Farm And Garden Chicago, 13s Farm, Factory and Chicago, 127, 131 Farm, Field and Fireside Chicago, 140 Farm, Field and Stockman Chicago, 140 Farm Journal, Family and Jerseyville, 207 Farm, Journal of the Chicago, 90 Farm Journal, Western Chicago, 68 Farm News, Chicago Daily Drov- ers' Journal and Chicago, IIS Farm Press, National Monthly Chicago, 140 Farmer De Soto, 161, 257 Farmer, Americanischer Chicago, los Farmer, Amerik Chicago, 105 Farmer and Fruit Grower Anna, 10 Farmer and Weekly Drovers' Journal, Good all's Chicago, 115 Farmer, De Kalb County Sycamore, 332 Farmer, Goodall's Chicago, 116 Farmer, Grundy County Gardner, 187 Farmer, Illinois Springfield, 324 Farmer, National Chicago, 127 Farmer, Northwestern Chicago, 87 Farmer, Northwestern Prairie Chicago, 73 Farmer, Prairie Chicago, 73, 74 Sandoval, 311 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 4S7 Fakmer, Progressive Chicago, 127 McLeansboro, 230 Farmer, Rock River Dixon, 162 Farmer, Scientific Chicago, 118 Farmer, Southern Illinois Effingham, 170 Farmer, Union Agriculturist and Western Prairie Chicago, S3 Farmer, Western Chicago, 63 Dixon, 162 Farmer's Advocate Bement, 26 Dakota, 154 Danville, 156 Marion, 234 Monticello, 247 Farmer's and Drovers' Journal Chicago Daily Chicago, 116 Farmers' and Mechanics' Re- pository Belleville, 21 Farmers' Criterion Forreston, 180 Farmer's Friend Russellville, 211, n. Farmers' Monthly Rockford, 302 Farmers' Record, Sucker and Pittsfield, 284 Farmers' Review Chicago, 13s Farmer's Union Lawrenceville, 220 Farmers' Voice and Rural Out- look Chicago, 78 Fashion Courier Chicago, 140 Fashions, Mirror of Chicago, 137 Fayette County News Vandalia, 343 Fayette Democrat Vandalia, 343 Fayette Observer Vandalia, 343 Fayette Yeoman and Railroad Journal Vandalia, 343 Feeder, American Breeder and Chicago, 116 Field Chicago, 121 Field and Fireside, Farm Chicago, 140 Field and Stockman, Farm Chicago, 140 Field and Stream Chicago, 121 Field, Chicago Chicago, 121 Field, Insurance Chicago, 117 Field Piece Chicago, 58, 6i Figaro Chicago, 146 Fillmore Bugle Petersburg, 283 Fillmore Union Peoria, 280 Financier Chicago, 106 Fire Insurance Guide, Manufac- turers' Chicago, 141 Fire Record, Babcock Chicago, 120 Fireman's Journal Chicago, 146 FnuEsiDE Friend, Our Chicago, 1X2 Flag Taylorville, 333 Wheaton, 355 Flag, National, Bloomington, 29 Flag of our Union Marshall, 236 Flag, Old Marion, 233, 234 Pittsfield, 284 Flag, Our Chicago, 112 Marion, 233, 234 Flag, True Shipman, 33, 319 4S8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Flower, Peairie Carlyle, 42 Shelby ville, 316 Flower Queen Chicago, 70 Folke-Vennen Chicago, 146 Folkets Avis Chicago, 131 Folkets Rost Chicago, 131 Folks at Home, Odr Chicago, 103 Food for the Lambs Springfield, 326 Ford County Blade Paxton, 275 Ford County Liberal Paxton, 27s Ford County News Paxton, 27s Ford County Union Paxton, 27s Ford's Livingston County Dem- ocrat Pontiac, 288 Forest Hill, Leaves from Rockford, 302 FORTSCHRITTS FrEUND Chicago, 96 Forum Rockford, 298 Forum, Winnebago Rockford, 298 Foundlings' Record Chicago, 106 Fox River Advocate Geneva, 188 St. Charles, 308 Fox River Advocate and Kane County Herald, Patriot, St. Charles, 308 Fox River Courier Elgin, 170 Fox River Expositor Batavia, 18 Fox River Independent St. Charles, 309 Fox River Times Batavia, 18 Fra Moderlandene Chicago, 121 FRiNK Leslie's Budget of Fun Chicago, 86 Frank Leslie's Chimney Corner Chicago, 86 Frank, Morning Elgin, 172 Franklin County Chronicle Benton, 27 Franklin County Courier Benton, 27 Free Democrat Carlinville, 42 Galesburg, Ixxv, n., 185 Polo, 287 Waukegan, Ixxv, n., 352 Free Methodist Aurora, 16 Sycamore, 332 Free Press Carbondale, 40 Elgin, 163, 171 Galesburg, 185 Lovington, 178, 229 Ljfndon, 229 Mt. Vernon, 255, 256 Nokomis, 264 Pontiac, 288 Rockford, bcxv, n., 299 Sandwich, 311, 313, 319, 351 Somonauk, 319 Streator, 329 Sycamore, 332 Vandalia, Ivi, 342 Waterman, 351 Free Press and Illinois Whig Vandalia, 342 Free Press-Gazette Nokomis, 264 Free Press, Illinois Hillsboro, 200 Litchfield, 226 . Free Press, Kendall County Oswego, 270 Free Press, Methodist Rockford, 301 Free Press, Pike County Griggsville, 194, 284 Pittsfield, Ixxvii, 284 Free Press, Randolph Kaskaskia, 213 Free Press, Reformer and Sycamore, 331 Free Press, Republican Woodstock, 359 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 4S9 Free Son. Banner Chicago, 6i Free Son, Banner, Tribune and Quincy, 292 Free Trader Ottawa, 270 Pontiac, ci, 288 Free Trader, Illinois Ottawa, 270 Free West Chicago, SB, 64 Freedom and Right, Journal of Chicago, 141 Freedom, Champion of Polo, 286 Freeman Chicago, 116, 140 Spaita, Ixxv, n., 320, 320, n. Vandalia, 342 Freeman, Christian Chicago, 100 Freeman, Irish Chicago, 146 Freeman, Western Galesburg, kxv, n., 185 Freeman's Advocate Waukegan, Ixxv, n., 352, 353 Fremonter Dixon, 162 Freie Kanzel Springfield, 325 Freie Presse Alton, 8 Belleville, 24 Chicago, 106, 107 Pekin, 277 ^ Freie Presse, CbicaSoer Chicago, 107 Freie Presse, Chicagoer Neue Chicago, 107 Freie Presse, Illinois Springfield, 325 Freiheitsbote FiJR Illinois Belleville, bcxv, n., 21 Freiheitsbote fur Illinois und Missouri Belleville, 21 Fremad Chicago, 92 Freund, Fortschritts Chicago, 96 Freund, Katholischer Jugend Chicago, 136 Friend and Shopping Guide, La- dies' Chicago, III Friend, Child's Chicago, no Friend, Densmore's Lady's Chicago, III Friend, Farmer's Russellville, 211, n. Friend, Lady's Chicago, III Friend, Our Fireside Chicago, 112 Friend, People's Marion, 234 Friend, Western Soldiers' Chicago, 89 Friend, Young Catholic's Chicago, 86 Frihed's Banneret Chicago, 63 Frihetsvannen Galesburg, 185 Fruit Grower Gilman, 190 Onarga, 267 Fruit Grower, Farmer and Anna, 10 Fulton Banner Canton, 39 Lewistown, 222 Fulton County Ledger Canton, 39 Fulton Democrat Lewistown, 222 Fulton Gazette Lewistown, 222 Fulton Ledger Canton, 39 Fulton Phoenix Ipava, 202 Fulton Press Ipava, 202 Fulton Telegraph Canton, 39 FULTONIAN Vermont, Ixxvii Furnishing And Hat Reporter, Western Clothing, Chicago, 148 460 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS FuKNiTURE Gazette, American Chicago, 139 FuRNiTUKE Trade Chicago, 121 FXTRNITUKE TRADE JOURNAL Chicago, 121 Furniture Trade, Western Chicago, 121 Future Great, The East St. Louis, 166 Fjerran, Nar och Chicago, 123 Galenian Galena, 182, 183 Gallatin Democrat and Illinois Advertiser Shawneetown, 314 Gallatin Gazette Shawneetown, 315 Garden City, Sloan's Chicago, 67 Garden, Farm and Chicago, 13s Garden State Loda, 228 Garland of the West Chicago, S7 Garland, Western Chicago, 69 Gaskell's Magazine Chicago, 132 Gazeta Katolicka Chicago, 122 Gazeta Polska Katolicka Chicago, 122 Gazeta Polska w Chicago Chicago, 116 Gazette Ashkum, 11 Ashley, 12 Beardstown, 18, ig Blandinsville, 27 Brimfield, 33 Bunker Hill. 34 Cairo, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 CarroIIton, 42, 44, 209, 305, 356 Carthage, 46 Central City, 46 Centralia, 46 Champaign, 48 Chenoa, 51, 355 Davis, 156 Decatur, Ixx, Ixxix. 156 Earlville, 164 East St. Louis, 165 Effingham, 169 Elgin, 170, 171 Elm wood, 172 El Paso, 173 Fairfield, 176 Franklin Grove, 180 Galena, Ixx, 11., 65, 183 Girard, 190 Granville, 192 Hampshire, 195 Havana, 197 Jonesboro, Ixxxv, Ixxxvi, 208 Kankakee, Ixxvii, 210 Lacon, Ixxvii Lanark, 305 Lee, 313 Lemont, 221 Marion, 234 Marseilles, 235 Mattoon, 239 Milford, 243 Monmouth, 246 Morris, 247 Mound City, 249 Mt. Morris, 252, 268, 269 Mt. Sterling, 254 Neponset, 261 Nokomis, 263 Pana, 12, 273 Paris, 274 Prairie City, 288 Richmond, 296 Riverside, 296 Riverton, 296 Robinson, 297 Rockford, 299, 300 Rock Run, 305 Rockton, 30s Roseville, 306 Sandwich, 311 Shannon, 312, 313 Shawneetown, 166, 315 Springfield, 326 Sterling, 327 Tuscola, 337 Vandalia, 341 Virginia, 346 Waukegan, Ixxvii, 352, 353 Waverly, 353 Windsor, 358 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 461 Gazette, Academy of Music Chicago, 80 Gazette, Agriculture and Family Chicago, 14s Gazette, Alton Commercial Alton, 6 Gazette, American Bottom East St. Louis, 165, 202, n. Gazette, American Furniture Chicago, 139 Gazette and Chronicle Decatur, 157, 158 Gazette and Galena Advertiser, Northwestern Galena, 183, 184 Gazette and Jacksonville News, Illinois State Jacksonville, xxxii, 203 Gazette and News Jacksonville, kiii Gazette and Paper Monmouth, 246 RoseviUe, 306 Weston, 3SS Gazette, Banner and Stephenson Rock Island, 302 Gazette, Beardstown and Peters- burg Beardstown, 18 Gazette, Blackburn Carlinville, 42 Gazette, Botanical Chicago, 130 Gazette, Carroll County Lanark, 218, 313, 334 Gazette, Central Illinois Champaign, 47, 48 Gazette, Champaign County Champaign, 48 Gazette, Champaign County Union and Champaign, 48 Gazette, Clothing Chicago, 134 Gazette, DeWitt County Clinton, 152 Gazette, Dollar Weekly Olney, 266 Gazette, DuPage County Wheaton, 355 Gazette, Edgar County Paris, 274 Gazette, Evening Springfield, 326 Gazette, Free Press- Nokomis, 264 Gazette, Fulton Lewistown, 222 Gazette, Gallatin Shawneetown, 315 Gazette, Greenback Chester, ci, 52 Gazette, Hardin Elizabethtown, 172 Gazette, Henry County Cambridge, 38 Gazette, Illinois Lacon, 216 Shawneetown, xxviii, xxxi, xxxiii, n., xxxiv, XXXV, xl, xlii, xhii, xliv, xlv, xlvi, 314, 314, n. Gazette, Illinois Chronicle and Literary Palestine, 272 Gazette, Illinois State Jacksonville, 203 Shawneetown, 315 Gazette, Journal- Mattoon, 239 Gazette, Journal and Little Sangamo Springfield, 321 Gazette, National Mattoon, 238 Gazette-News Bunker Hill, 34 Gazette, Ninawa Peru, 282 Gazette, Northwestern Galena, 183 Gazette, Ogle County Oregon, 268 Gazette, People's East St. Louis, 165 Gazette, Railroad Chicago, 73, 133 Gazette, Railroad Age Chicago, 133 Gazette Register Rockford, 299, 301 462 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Gazette, Representative and Belleville, 20 Gazette, Republican and Sterling, 327 Gazette, St. Claie Belleville, 20 Gazette, Seminary Onarga, 267 Gazette, Shoapf's Family Decatur, 156 Gazette, Temperance Clinton, 152 Gazette, Union Bunker HiU, 34 Gazette, Union and Gillespie, 189 Gazette, Washington County Ashley, 12 Gazette, Western Railroad Chicago, 72 Gazette, Youths' Chicago, 55 Gazetteer, Northwestern Galesburg, 184 Gazetteer, Register and North- western Peoria, 278 Gem, Literary Lebanon, 221 Gem of the Prairie Chicago, 55, 59 Gem op the West and Soldiers' Friend Chicago, 89 Gem, Sunday School Chicago, 128 Genius Milford, 243 Genius of Liberty Lowell, kxv, n., 53, 55, 229 Genius of Universal Emancipa- tion Hennepin, 197 Lowell, Ixxv, n., 53, 55, 229 Gerichtshalle Chicago, 122 German American Chicago, 81 Germania, Tagblatt der Quincy, 292, 294 Gerrymander Peoria, 278 Gleaner Bushnell, 35 Buda, 34 Gleaner, Banner and Cairo, 26 Gleaner, Christian Chillicothe, 150 Rockford, 302 Gleaner, News- Shawneetown, 316 Globe Aurora, 16 Charleston, 50, n. Lexington, 223 Globe, Coles County Charleston, 50, n. Globe, Illinois Charleston, 50 Globe, Lawrence County Lawrenceville, 220 Globe, Western Lawrenceville, 220 Glocke Elgin, 172 Glocke, Sonntags- Peoria, 282 Goldbeck's Journal of Music Chicago, 116 Golden Age New Boston, 262 Golden Censer Rockford, 301, 302 Golden Era McLeansboro, ci, 230, 315, n Golden Hour, Teachers' Chicago, 99 Golden Hours Chicago, loi Golden Moments Chicago, 112 Golden Rule Enfield, 173 Good As Gold Chicago, 140 Good News Chicago, 136 Good Templar Alton, 8 Good Templar's Message Quincy, 293 Good Tidings Chicago, 122 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 463 Goodall's Farmer Chicago, 116 Goodall's Farmer and Weekly Drovers' Journal Chicago, lis Gospel Banner Geneva, 189 Gospel Echo Carrollton, 45 Gospel Echo and Christian Quincy, 293 Gospel Pulpit Chicago, 92 Gospel Trumpet Elgin, 171 Grain and Provision Review Chicago, 126 Grain Cleaner Moline, 245 Grand Prairie Review Onarga, 267 Grange, Ogle County Oregon, 269 Grange, Spirit of the Bloomington, 32 Granger St. Anne, 308 Granger, Illinois Macomb, 231 Granger, Northern St. Charles, 309 Graphic Chicago, 140 Graphic, American Chicago, 145 Graphic, Commercial Chicago, 14s Great South West Chicago, 126 Great West Chicago, 89 Great Western Belleville, 21 Greenback Gazette Chester, d, 52 Greenback Herald Shelbyville, 318 Greenback Herald, National Shelbyville, 318 Greenback News Joliet, 208 Greenback Post Quincy, d, 294 Greenback, Unicorn Barry, ci, 17 Greenbacker, National Rochelle, ci, 298 Greenbrier Mt. Carmel, 250 Greene County Banner Carrollton, 45 Greene County Democrat Greenfield, 193 White HaU, 305, 356 Greene County Republican Greenfield, 193 Greenkeld Locomotive White Hall, 193 Gregg's Dollar Monthly and Old Settler's Memorial Hamilton, 195 Grocer Chicago, 122 Grocer and Mercantile Review Chicago, 122 Grocer, Fancy Chicago, 131 Grocer's Criterion Chicago, 117 . Grocery and Drug Price List Chicago, no Grundy County Farmer Gardner, 187 Grundy County Herald Morris, 247 Guardian Aurora, Ixxvii, Ixxix, 14 Chicago, 126 Mt. Vernon, 255 Guide Girard, 190 Guide, Agents Chicago, 113 Hamilton County Herald McLeansboro, 230 Hamilton Express McLeansboro, 229 Hancock County Journal Nauvoo, 261 Hancock Democrat Carthage, 46 Dallas, IS4 464 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS La Harpe, 217, 348 McLeansboro, 230 Warsaw, 349 Hancock Eagle Nauvoo, 260 Hancock New Era Warsaw, 349 Handels und Industrie Zeitung Chicago, 122 Handels-Zeitung, Chicagoer Chicago, 126 Happy Hours Chicago, 107 Hard Cider Press Chicago, S3 Hardin Gazette Elizabethtown, 172 Hardin Mineral Elizabethtown, 172 Hardware' and Implement Trade Chicago, 136 Hardware and Iron List Chicago, 136 Hardware Journal, American Horseshoer and Chicago, 129 Hardy and Company's Advertiser, Tenney Kewanee, 214 Harness Review, National Chicago, 147 Harper's Herald Roodhouse, 306 Harper's Weekly Herald Virginia, 347 Hat Reporter, Western Cloth- ing, FUENISHING AND Chicago, 147 Hausfreund Chicago, 79 Hausfreund, Landwirth und Chicago, 102 Headlight Coulterville, 153 Roodhouse, 305 Heavenly Tidings Chicago, 107 Hejmdal Chicago, 122 Helmet, Baptist Vandalia, 342 Helper, Sunday School Chicago, 104 Hem, Vart Nya Chicago, 119 Hemxandet Galesburg, 185 Hemlandet, det Gamla och det Nye Chicago, 74 Hemlandet, det Ratta Chicago, 74, 109, 123 Galesburg, 185 Henderson County Journal Oquawka, 268 Henderson Plaindealer Biggsville, 27 Henry County Chronicle Cambridge, 38 Henry County Dial Kewanee, 214 Henry County Gazette Cambridge, 38 Henry County News Geneseo, 188 Henry County News, News Let- ter and Galesburg, 184 Herald Albany, 2 Areola, 11 Ashley, 12 Auburn, 13 Augusta, 13 Aurora, 15 Harrington Station, 17, 272 Beardstown, 19 Blue Island, 32, 162 Braidwood, 33 Canton, 39 Capron, 40 CarlinviUe, 41, 178 Charleston, 49 Chebanse, 50, iSi Chester, 51, 52, 213 Chicago, 6s, 66, 70, 73, loi, 117, 124 CoUinsville, 133 Cowden, 154 Crystal Lake, 26s Dana, 134 Decatur, IS7, IS9) 160 Dixon, 162 Dwight, 164 East St. Louis, 165, 166 Evanston, 174 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 465 Farmer City, 178 Forreston, 179 Golconda, 191 Grayville, 192 Hennepin, 198 Highland, 168 Joliet, 208 Kankakee, 210, 211 Lacon, 216, 217 La Salle, 219 Lexington, 223 Lincoln, 223, 225 Marseilles, 235 Mascoutah, 237 Metamora, 241 Metropolis City, 242 Milford, ci, 243 Morris, 247 Mt. Carroll, 252 New Boston, 262 Niantic, 263 Nunda, 265 Oakland, 265 Odell, 26s Palatine, 271 Pana, Ixxix, 272 Paw Paw, 10, 275 Pekin, 277 Peoria, 280 Peru, 192, 282 Philo, 283 Pontiac, 288 Prairie City, 288 Quincy, Ixx, 291, 292 Rochelle, 154 Rockton, 305 Saybrook, 312 Shelbyville, ci, 318 Sparta, 319 Tolono, 33S Toidon, 336 Vermont, 344 Washington, 350 Wilmington, 356 Winchester, 357 Wyoming, 360 Yates City, 360 Herald- Advocate Salem, 310, 311 Hekald and Adveetisek Morris, 247 HiEAiD AND Argus Quincy, 291 Heeau), Bueeau County Princeton, 289. 290 Herald, Calhoun Hardin, 195 Herald, Calhoun Times- Hardin, 195 Heraid, Carnival Chicago, 14s Herald, Champaign County Urbana, 339 Herald, Christian Eureka, 173 Jeffersonville, 206 Herald, Chronicle and Elmwood, 172 Yates City, 360 Herald, Clark County Marshall, 237 Herald, Coles County Mattoon, 239 Herald, Columbus Sparta, 319 Herald, Congregational Chicago, 58 Heeaud, Cook County Arlington Heights, 11 Herald, Coueiee- Urbana, 339 Herald, Daily Times and Chicago, 73 Herald, Democratic Lawrenceville, 220 Heeald-Despatch, Daily Decatur, 159, 160 Herald, Dixon Telegraph and Lee County Dixon, 161, n. Herald Enterprise Golconda, 191 Herald, Greenback Shelb3nrille, 318 Herald, Hamilton County McLeansboro, 230 Heeald, Haepee's Roodhouse, 306 Herald, Harper's Weekly Virginia, 347 Herald, Illinois Kaskaskia, xxviii, xxxviii, n. 22, 211 Springfield, 322 Herald, Illinois Champion and Peoeia Peoria, liii, 278 466 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Herald, Illinois Temperance Alton, Ixiii, s, 6 Herald, Insurance Chicago, 136 Herald, Iroquois County Middleport, 242 Watseka, 351 Herald, Johnson County Vienna, 344 Herald, Lake County Waukegan, 352 Herald, Macoupin County Carlinville, 42 Herald, Marion County Salem, 310, 311 Herald, Mason County Havana, 196 Herald, Missouri and Illinois Temperance Alton, Ixii, 5 Herald, Montgomery County Hillsboro, 200 Herald, Morning Chicago, 144, 146 Herald, National Greenback Shelby villa, 318 Herald, News- Lincoln, 223 Herald, Normal Park Ridge, 274 Herald, Odd Fellows Bloomington, 31 Springfield, 326 Herald op Health Bloomington, 32 Herald or Peace Chicago, 89 Herald of the Coming Kingdom and Christian Instructor Chicago, 89, 109 Herald of the Prairies Chicago, 58 Herald of Truth Carbondale, 40 Chicago, 81 Herald, Patriot, Fox River Ad- vocate AND Kane County St. Charles, 308 Herald, Piatt County Monticello, 247 Herald, Post- Wyoming, 360 Herald, Prairie Chicago, 58 Herald, Record- Chicago, 66, 127, 128 Herald, Saturday Decatur, 159 Herald, Saturday Evening Chicago, 124 Heraud, Shawnee Shawneetown, 316 Herald, Star and D wight, 164 Herald, Sunday Bloomington, 32 Chicago, 72 East St. Louis, 165 Rockford, 302 Herald, Times- Chicago, 66, 127 Herald, Times and Chicago, 65 Herald Transcript Peoria, 280 Herald, True Latter Day Saints' Piano, 285 Herald, Twin City News- Peru, 282 Herald, Union County Anna, 10 Jonesboro, 209 Herald, Washington County Nashville, 259 Herald, Western Chicago, 58, 60 1 Herald, Whiteside Morrison, 248 Herald, Young Men's Christian Association Springfield, 326 Hero, Young Chicago, 109 Hickory Boy Urbana, 33S HiGGiNS Musical Review Chicago, 87 Highland Bote und Schuetzen- Zeitung Highland, 199 Highway Papers Chicago, 132 Home, American Chicago, 119, 134 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 467 Home and Advertiser, Prairie Sandwich, 311 Home and School Education Bloomington, 30 Home and School Joiirnal, North western Chicago, 75 Home Banner Augusta, 13 Home, Chicago Western Chicago, 9S Home, Church and Shelby ville, 318 Home Circle Chicago, 82 Home Circle and Temperance Oracle Chicago, 82 Home Eclectic Chicago, 92 Home Guard Buda, 34 Home Journal Chicago, loi Gridley, 194 Lacon, 150, 216, 218 Minoiik, 243 Rutland, 308 Secor, 313 Home Journal, Northwestern Chicago, 69 Home Land Chicago, 7S Home Magazine, American Chicago, 114 Home Monthly, Moore's Areola, 11 Home News LaHarpe, 217 Home Papers Chicago, 86 Home Reading, Chicago Maga- zine of Fashion, Music, and Chicago, 102 Home Visitor Chicago, 75 Home, Western Chicago, 95 Homeopath Chicago, 67 Homeopath, American Chicago, 139 Homeopathic Record Chicago, 141 Homeopathist, American Chicago, 139 Homeopath Journal Chicago, 96 Homestead Advocate, Reveille AND Chester, 51 Homestead, Central Pana, 273 Homoeopathia, Northwestern Journal or Chicago, 63 Horner's Chicago and Western Guide Chicago, 67 Hornet Marshall, 236 Rockford, 302 Horse-Shoer and Hardware Journal, American Chicago, 129 Hospital Bazaar Chicago, 122 Hotel Register, Daily Record and Chicago, 78 Hotel Register, Museum and Chicago, 79 Hotel Reporter, Daily Chicago, 112 Hotel Reporter, National Chicago, 112 Hotel World Chicago, 126 Hours Of Recreation Chicago, 146 Humane Journal Chicago, no Hustler Blandinsville, 27 Hyde Park Daily Sun Chicago, 98 Hyedestemmen Chicago, 103, 122 Icarian Review Nauvoo, 261 ICARIENNE, COLONIE Nauvoo, 261 Idea, Suburban Evanston, 174 468 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Illini Urbana, 339 Illinoian Wheaton, 355 Illinoian, Northern Wheaton, 355 Illinois Abler dnd Democrat- iscHER Whig Springfield, 323 Illinois Advance Jacksonville, 205 Illinois Advertiser Kewanee, 215 Shawneetown, 315 Illinois Advertiser, Gallatin Democrat and Shawneetown, 314 Illinois Advocate EdwardsviUe, 167 Vandalia, 322, 341 Illinois Advocate and Lebanon Journal Lebanon, 220 Illinois Advocate and State Reg- ister Springfield, 322 Vandalia, 341 Illinois Advocate, Illinois State Register and VandaUa, 342 Illinois Advocate, Southern Shawneetown, 315 Illinois and Indiana Medical and Surgical Journal Chicago, 56 Illinois Atlas Springfield, 325 Illinois Banner Peoria, 279 Illinois Baptist Bloomington, 29 Illinois Beobachter Alton, 7 Belleville, 21, 22, n. Illinois Bounty Land Advertiser and Beardstown Chronicle Beardstown, 18 Illinois Bounty Land Register Quincy, 290 Illinois Central Times Bloomington, 29 Illinois Citizen Danville, 155 Illinois Commercial, Northern Keithsburg, 213 Illinois Champion and Peoria Herald Peoria, liii, 278 Illinois Champion and Peoria Re- publican Peoria, 278 Illinois Chronicle and Literary Gazette Palestine, 272 Illinois Corrector EdwardsviUe, 166 Illinois Courier Jacksonville, 205 Quincy, 292 Illinois Democrat Champaign, 47 Jacksonville, 204 Urbana, 339 Illinois Democrat, Central Pana, 272 Illinois, der Wachter am Pekin, 277 Illinois Emigrant Shawneetown, xxviii, xxix, xxxi, 314, 314, n. Illinois Farmer Springfield, 324 Illinois Farmer, Southern Effingham, 170 Illinois Free Press Hillsboro, 200 Litchfield, 226 Illinois Free Trader Ottawa, 270 Illinois Freie Peesse Springfield, 325 Illinois Gazette Lacon, 216 Shawneetown, xxviii, xxxi, xxxiii, n., xxxiv, XXXV, xl, xlii, xliii, xliv, xlv, xlvi, 314, 314, n. Illinois Globe Charleston, 50 Illinois Granger Macomb, 231 Illinois Herald Kaskaskia, xxviii, xxxviii, n., 22, 211 Springfield, 322 Illinois Herald, People's Miscellany and Alton, 6 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 469 Illinois Illustrated Review Chicago, 124 Illinois Independent Beardstown, 20 Illinois Intelligencer Kaskaskia, xxviii, xxix, 212 Vandalia, xxix, xliv, xlvi, xlvii, xlviii, 340 Ilunois Intelligencer, Vandalia Whig and Vandalia, 341 Illinois Journal Springfield, 321 Illinois, Journal de l' Kankakee, 210, 211 Illinois Journal, Southern Flora, 179 Odin, 265 Illinois Legal Directory Springfield, 325 Illinois Master Workman Canton, 40 Illinois Medical and Surgical Journal Chicago, 56 Illinois Medical Recorder Vandalia, 343 Illinois Messenger Springfield, 323 Illinois Monitor Freeport, 181 Illinois Monthly Magazine Vandalia, xxxii, Ix, Ixi, 340 Illinois Organ Springfield, 323 Illinois Palladium Pekin, 276 Illinois Patriot Fairfield, 175 Jacksonville, 203 Illinois Public Ledger Canton, 39 Lewistown, 222 Illinois Public Register Lewistown, 222 Illinois Register, Eastern Paxton, 27s Illinois Reporter Kaskaskia, xxviii, xlix, 212 Illinois Republican Belleville, 22, 24 Edwardsville, xxviii, xlvi, xlviii, 166 Rushville, 307 Shawneetown, 315 Springfield, Ixxxvii, 322 Taylorville, 333 Woodstock, 3S9 Illinois Review, Central Onarga, 267 Illinois Schoolmaster Chicago, 104, 131, 280 Normal, 264 Vandalia, 342 Illinois Sentinel Jacksonville, 205 Illinois Sons op Temperance Lebanon, 221 Illinois Staats Anzeigee Springfield, 324 Illinois Staats Democrat Springfield, 325 Illinois Staats-Zeitung Chicago, 61, 106, 107, 125 Illinois Standard Jacksonville, 203 Illonois Standard, Spirit of the West and Jacksonville, 204, 258 Illinois State Chronicle Decatur, Ixxvii, 157 Illinois State Democeiat Marshall, 236 Springfield, 324 Illinois State Gazette Jacksonville, 203 Shawneetown, 315 Illinois State Gazette and Jack- sonville News Jacksonville, xxxii, 203 Illinois State Journal Marshall, 235, 236 Springfield, Ixx, 321 Illinois State Register Springfield, 322 Vandalia, 342 Illinois State Register and Illi- nois Advocate Vandalia, 342 Illinois State Register and Peo- ple's Advocate Vandalia, 342 Illinois Statesman Bloomington, 29 Jacksonville, Ixxiii, kxiv, 204 47° ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Lacon, 217 ' Paris, 273, 274 Illinois Swede Chicago, 108 Galesburg, 187 Illinois Synoptical Reporter Springfield, 326 Illinois Teacher Bloomington, 29, 30 Chicago, 104 Peoria, 280 Illinois Temperance Herald Alton, bdi, s Illinois Temperance Herald, Mis- souri and Alton, Ixii Illinois Times, Central Shelbyville, 317 Illinois Trade Review Bloomington, 31 Illinois Tradesman and Manu- facturer Pekin, 282 Illinois Tribune Grand Detour, 191 Illinois Unionist and Statesman Springfield, 323 Illinois Valley Register Winchester, 357 Illinois Volksblatt Decatur, 158 Nashville, 260 Illinois Volksereund Lincoln, 224 Illinois Volks-Zeitung Chicago, 102 Illinois Washingtonian Alton, s Springfield, 323 Illinois Weekly Message Mt. Sterling, 254 Illinois Weekly Palladium Elgin, 170 Illinois Whig, Free Press and Vandalia, 342 Illinois Wochenblatt, Central Ottawa, 271 Illinoisan Beardstown, 19 Jacksonville, Ixxii, 203 Marshall, 46 Wheaton, 337 Illinoisan, Central Beardstown, ig, 20 Illinoisan-Democrat Beardstown, 19, 20 Illinoisan, Eastern Marshall, 236 Illinoisan, Jackson County Era and Southern Carbondale, 40 Murphysboro, 257 Illinoisan, Southern Shawneetown, Ixxix, 315 Illinoisan-Star Beardstown, ig Illustrated Baptist Moweaqua, 256 Shelbyville, 318 Illustrated Bible Studies Chicago, 122 Illustrated Boot and Shoeist Chicago, 136 Illustrated Champion Chicago, 146 Illustrated Chicago News Chicago, 92 Illustrated Democrat, Pomeroy's Chicago, 132 Illustrated Journal Chicago, 103, 104 Illustrated Journal of Agri- culture Chicago, 117 Illustrated Mechanical Journal, Northwestern Chicago, 147 Illustrated Monthly, Andrew's Rockford, 301 Illustrated News, Chicago Chicago, 127, 146 Illustrated News, Chicago Mer- chants' Weekly Circular and Chicago, 78 Illustrated News, Merchants Monthly Circular and Chicago, 78 Illustrated Press Chicago, 103, 104 Illustrated Review Chicago, 124 Illustrated Review, Illinois Chicago, 124 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 471 Illustrated Temperance Tales Chicago, 146 Illustreret Familieblad Chicago, 146 Implement Trade, Hardware and Chicago, 136 In Door and Out Chicago, 127 Independence, Norsk-Ameri- kanske Chicago, 137 Independent Albion, 2, 192 Assumption, 12 Aurora, r6 Belleville, 24, 262 Belvidere, 25 Bement, 26 Centralia, 47 Chandlerville, 49 Chebanse, 50 Chicago, 96, 136 Chillicothe, 150 Colchester, 153, 231 Danvers, 155 Danville, 155 Delavan, 160, 243 Erie, d, 173 Fairbuiy, 175 Gardner, 187 Grafton, ci, 191 Grayville, 2, 192 Greenfield, 192 Griggsville, 195 Harvard, 196 Ipava, 202, 360 Jacksonville, 205 Kewanee, 215 Kinmimdy, 215 LaSalle, 219 Lena, 221 Litchfield, 226 Loda, 228 Macomb, 231 Marion, 234 Marysville, 237 Mason City, 238 Minier, 243 Moline, 244, 304 Monticello, 247 Morris, 248 Mt. Morris, 253 Murphysboro, 257 Nauvoo, 261 Newmaa,|262 OdeU,f26s Oregon, 269 Pecatonica, 276 Pekin, 277 Pinckneyville, 164, 284 Princeville, 290 Rochelle, 297 Roodhouse, 305 St. Charles, 309 Salem, 310 Sparta, 320 Springfield, 324 Taylorville, 334 Tiskilwa, 335 Versailles, 344 Warren, 348 Washington, 350 Wilmington, 356 Winchester, 357, 3S8 Independent and Democratic Re- view, McDoNOUGH Macomb, 231 Independent and Review, New Church Chicago, 67 Independent-Blade Fairbury, 175 Independent, Cass County Pekin, 277 Virginia, 345 Independent Democrat Oregon, 269 Waterloo, 350 Waukegan, 352, 353 Independent, Fox River St. Charles, 309 Independent, Illinois Beardstown, 20 Independent, Jersey Jerseyville, 191, 207 Independent, McDonough Macomb, 231 Independent, Musical Chicago, 92 IlTOEPENDENT, PlATT Monticello, 247 Independent Press Fairfield, 175 Griggsville, 195 Taylorville, 333 Independent, Shelby County Shelbyville, 317 IndependentjStatesman Tuscola, 337 472 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Independent, Tazewell Washington, 350 Independent Trade Register Chicago, 107 Independent Watchman Mt. Morris, 252 Index Apple River, 10 Belvidere, 25 Chicago, 127 Evanston, 174 Lovington, 178, 229 Minonk, 243 Richmond, 296 Wenona, 153, 354 Westfield, 354 Index, Menard Petersburg, 283 Index, Monitor Streator, 329 Index, News Wenona, 354 Index, Real Estate Farmer City, 177 Index Universitates Chicago, 79 Indicator Chicago, 141 Industrial Centralia, 47 Salem, 310, 311 Industrial Advocate Salem, 310, 311 Industrial Advocate and News Geneseo, 188 Industrial Age Chicago, 117, 118 Industrial Banner Yates City, ci, 360 Industrial Journal Elmwood, 172 Industrial Press Galena, 184 Industrial Times Rockford, 302 Industrial Tribune Murphysboro, 257 Industrial World and Commer- cial Advertiser Chicago, IIS Industrial World and Iron Worker Chicago, 115 Industrie Zeitung, Handels und Chicago, 122 Industry, Young Chicago, 113 Informer Elgin, 171, 172 Inquirer Buckley, 267 Inside Track Chicago, 90 Instructor and Western United Presbyterian, Christian Chicago, 75 Instructor, Christian Chicago, 75 JefiEersonville, 206 McLeansboro, 230 Insurance and Railway Register Chicago, 77 Insurance Chronicle, Banking and Chicago, 86 Insurance Critic Chicago, 123 Insurance Field Chicago, 117 Insurance Guide, Manufacturers' Fire Chicago, 141 Insurance Herald Chicago, 136 Insurance Journal, Phillips' Northwestern Money Re- porter AND Chicago, 75 Insurance Monitor, Real Estate News Letter and Chicago, 71 Insurance Press Chicago, 127 Intellect, Our Boys' Wenona, 354 Intelligencer Bloomington, 28 Edwardsville, 168 Lacon, 217 Lincoln, 224 Marion, 233 Mt. Carroll, 251 Shawneetown, 315 Vandalia, 166 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 473 Intelligencer, Illinois Kaskaskia, xxviii, xxix, 212 Vandalia, xxix, xliv, xlvi, xlvii, xlviii, 340 Intelligencer, Northwestern Galesburg, 184 Intelligencer, Tailor's Chicago, log Intelligencer, Vandalia Vandalia, 340 Intelligencer, Vandalia Whig AND Illinois Vandalia, 341 Intelligencer, Western Kaskaskia, xxviii, 212 Inter Ocean Chicago, xciv, c, 85, no Interior Chicago, 102 Internal Improvement Journal, Western Voice and Shawneetown, 315 International Lesson Chicago, 132 Inventor, Mechanic and Chicago, 90 Investigator Chicago, 117 Middleport, 242 Washington, 349 Investigator, Medical Chicago, 76, 85 Investigator, Reform Morrison, 248 Investigator, United States Medical Chicago, 76, 8s Investigator, Whiteside Fulton, 181 I. O. M. A. Reporter, A. O. U. W. and Lincoln, 225 Irish Freeman Chicago, 146 Irish Leader and Pilot Chicago, 120 Irish Republic Chicago, 90 Irish Sentinel Chicago, 96 Irish Tribune Chicago, 132 Irishman, United Ottawa, 271 Iron and Steel Chicago, 79 Iron List, Hardware and Chicago, 136 Iron Trade Review Chicago, 115 Iron Worker, Industrial World and Chicago, IIS Iroquois County Herald Middleport, 242 Watseka, 3S1 Iroquois County Press Middleport, 242 Iroquois County Times Watseka, 267, 3S2 Iroquois County Times-Demo- crat Watseka, 3S2 Iroquois Journal Middleport, 242 Iroquois Republican Middleport, 242 Watseka, 351 Iroquois Times Watseka, 267, 351 Islander and Argus Rock Island, 303 Israelitische Presse Chicago, 147 Item Grand Tower, 191 Sparta, 321 Tomaroa, 332 Item, City Cairo, 37 Italiana Dell' Quest, II Messag- giere Chicago, 91 Italiana, L'Unione Chicago, 91 Jackson County Era and South- ern Illinoisan Carbondale, 40 Murphysboro, 257 Jackson Democrat Murphysboro, 256 Jackson Standard Jacksonville, 205 474 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Jacksonian Nashville, 259 Jacksonian Democrat Louisville, 228 Jagd Zeitung, Westliche Schutze UND Chicago, 144 Jasper County Clipper Newton, 263 Jasper County Democrat Newton, 263 Jasper County Times Newton, 263 Jefferson Sun Chicago, 98 Jepfersonian Galena, Ixxix, 183 Mt. Vernon, 254 Virginia, 347 Jersey County Democrat Jerseyville, 206 Jersey Independent Jerseyville, 191, 207 Jewelers' Journal Chicago, 147 Jewish Advance Chicago, 141 Johnson County Journal New Burnside, 262 Vienna, 170, 344 Johnson County Herald Vienna, 344 Johnson County Yeoman Vienna, 344 JOKINELLO, RaPALEE's Oregon, 269 Jolly Joker Chicago, 86 Journal Abingdon, i Albion, 2 Alexis, 3 Altona, 9 Amboy, 9, 275 Belleville, 24 Bellflower, 25 Benson, 26 Bloomington, 29, 32 Braidwood, 33 Bunker Hill, 34 Cairo, 36 Camp Point, 38 Champaign, 49 Chicago, Ixxvii, xciv, 54, ST, 136 Clayton. 151 Cornell ville, 153 Eldorado, 170 El Paso, 173, 194, 228, 243, 262, 308, 313 Enfield, 173 Eureka, 174 Fairbury, 175 Farmer City, 178, 232 Farmington, 179 Forreston, 35, 179 Freeport, 180 Fulton, 182, 229, 334 Galena, 183 Galesburg, 187 Gardner, 187 Geneseo, 188 Oilman, 189 Orayville, 192 Greenville, 194 Havana, 197 Hennepin, 197 Hillsboro, 199, 200 Homer, 201, 283, 33s Hutsonville, 202 Jacksonville, 204, 207 Kansas, 211 Knoxville, Ixxix, 216 Lacon, 216 La Salle, 219 Lebanon, 221 Lincoln, 224 Litchfield, 226 Long Point, 228 Lostant, 228 Macomb, 231 Mansfield, 232 Marengo, 233 Marshall, 236 Mason City, 238 Mattoon, 239 Minonk, 243 Mound City, 249 Nashville, 259 New Rutland, 262 Nil wood, 263 Norris City, 264 Olney, 266 Oneida, 267 Peoria, 281 Quincy, Ixx, Ixxvii, 292, 293 Rantoul, 294 Rockford, 301 Roodhouse, 306 RushviUe, 307 Sheldon, 318 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 47S Sparta, Ixxv, n., Ixxvii, 320 Stone Fort, 329 Taylorville, 272, 333, 334 Thomson, 334 Tuscola, 337 Varna, 344 Vienna, 264 Journal, Alximni Bloomington, 30 Journal, Amateur's Chicago, 14s JouKNAL, American Antiquarian AND Oriental Chicago, 138 Journal, American Bee Chicago, 77 Journal, American Chess Chicago, 138 Journal, American Engineer and liAILROAD Chicago, 108 Journal, American Horse-Shoer and Hardware Chicago, 129 Journal, American Poultry Chicago, 129, 179 Journal, American Trade Chicago, 125 Journal and Advertiser Knoxville, 216 Journal and Agitator, Art Chicago, 95 Journal, and Examiner, Chicago Medical Chicago, S7 Journal and Examiner, Medical Chicago, 76 Journal and Farm News, Chicago Daily Drovers' Chicago, IIS Journal and Little Sangamo Ga- zette Springfield, 321 Journal and Military Tract Ad- vertiser Rushville, 306 Journal and Weekly Bulletin, Real Estate Chicago, 143 Journal and Weekly Price Cur- rent, Mercantile Chicago, 108 Journal, Argus- Cairo, 37 Mound City, 249 Journal, Art Chicago, 89 Journal, Capital Record and Family Springfield, 325 Journal, Cass County Chandlerville, 49 Journal, Catholic Chicago, 76 Journal, Champaign County Urbana, 48, 338 Journal, Chicago Daily Drovers' Chicago, lis Journal, Chicago Daily Farmers' AND Drovers' Chicago, 116 Journal, Chicago Medical Chicago, 56 Journal, Commercial Warsaw, 45, 217, 348 Journal De L'Illinois Chicago, 71 Kankakee, 210 Journal, Democrat- Eureka, 174 Journal, Drew's College Chicago, 131 Journal, Drovers' ' Chicago, IIS Journal, Du Page County Naperville, 257 Journal, Electrotype Chicago, 116 Journal, Engineering News and American Contract Chicago, 121 Journal, Engineering News and American Railway Chicago, 121 Journal-Enterprise Waverly, 354 Journal, Family Chicago, 140 Journal, Family and Farm Jerseyville, 207 476 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Journal, Fayette Yeoman and Railroad Vandalia, 343 Journal, Fireman's Chicago, 146 JotmNAL, Furniture Trade Chicago, 121 Journal- Gazette Mattoon, 239 Journal, Goodall's Farmer and Weekly Drovers' Chicago, IIS Journal, Hancock County Nauvoo, 261 Journal, Henderson County Oquawka, 268 Journal, Home, see Home Journal Journal, Homeopath Chicago, 96 Journal, Humane Chicago, no Journal, Industrial Elmwood, 172 Journal, Illinois Springfield, 321 Journal, Illinois Advocate and Lebanon Lebanon, 220 JoTORNAL, Illinois and Indiana Medical and Surgical Chicago, 56 Journal, Illinois Medical and Surgical Chicago, 56 Journal, Illinois State Springfield, 321 Journal, Illustrated Chicago, 103, 104 Journal, Iroquois Middleport, 242 Journal, Jewelers' Chicago, 147 Journal, Johnson County New Brunside, 262 Vienna, 170, 344 Journal, Kane County Elgin, 170 Journal, Law Chicago, 136 Journal, Lawrence County Lawrenceville, 220 Journal, Lee County Amboy, 9 Journal, Live Stock Quincy, 293 Journal, Logan County Lincoln, 225 Journal, Massac Metropolis City, 241 Journal, McLean County Bloomington, 29 Journal, Medical Chicago, 76 Journal, Military Tract Macomb, 231 Journal, Miner's Galena, liii, 182 Journal, Mining Du Quoin, 163 Journal, Morgan Jacksonville, kxvii, 204 Journal, Morgan County Waveriy, 354 Journal, Mother's Chicago, 108 JouiLNAL, National Laundry Chicago, 141 Journal, National Live Stock Chicago, 103 Journal, Northwestern Home Chicago, 69 Journal, Northwestern Home AND School Chicago, 75 Journal, Northwestern Illus- trated Mechanical Chicago, 147 Journal, Northwestern Medical AND Surgical Chicago, 56 Journal, People's Dental Chicago, 80 Journal, Pike County Pittsfield, 284 Journal, Phillips' Northwestern Money Reporter and Insur- ance Chicago, 75 Journal, Public School Bloomington, 30 Journal, Railroad and Merchants' Chicago, 98 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 477 Journal, Randolph County Sparta, 320 Journal, Real Estate Bloomington, 31 Gilman, igo Jouenal, Real Estate and Build- ing Chicago, 93 Journal, Reugio-Philosophical Chicago, 84 Journal-Republican, Massac Metropolis City, 241 Journal, Rolling Mill Chicago, 128 Journal, Rural West and Weekly Quincy, 292 Journal, Sangamo Springfield, kxxvii, n., 321, 333 Journal, Sewing Machine Chicago, 125 Journal of Agriculture Chicago, 54 Journal op Agriculture, Emery's Chicago, 73 Journal of Agriculture, Illus- trated Chicago, 117 Journal op Art, American Builder And Chicago, 91 Journal op Commerce Chicago, 79 Journal op Education, American Chicago, 91 Journal op Education and Liter- ary Review, Eclectic Chicago, 63 Journal of Education, Western Chicago, 119 Journal op Fashions, Ladies' Chicago, 147 Journal of Freedom and Right Chicago, 141 Journal op Health, Peoples' Chicago, 81 Journal op Homceopathia, North- western Chicago, 63 Journal op Materia Medica, American Chicago, 77 Journal of Music, Goldbeck's Chicago, 116 Journal of Music, Western Chicago, 71 Journal op Nervous and Mental Diseases, Chicago Chicago, 123 Journal op Science Chicago, 136 Journal of the American Bu- reau OP Mines Chicago, 117 Journal of the Barley, Hop, AND Malt Trades, Western Brewer and Chicago, 133 Journal of the Farm Chicago, 90 Journal, Smax Money Maker's Chicago, 104 Journal, Social Science Chicago, 137 Journal, Southern Illinois Flora, 179 Odin, 265 Journal, Students' Bloomington, 31 Journal, United States Medical AND Surgical Chicago, 76, 8s Journal, Water Cure Galesburg, 186 Journal, Weekly Argus and Mound City Mound City, 37 Journal, Western Agriculturist And Live- Stock Chicago, 94 Quincy, 293 Journal, Western Educational Chicago, 149 Journal, Western Farm Chicago, 68 Journal, Western Scientific Peoria, 281 Journal, Western Trade Chicago, 129 Journal, Western Trade and Export Chicago, 129 478 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS JouENAL, Western Voice and In- ternal Improvement Shawneetown, 315 Journal, Woodford Eureka, 174 Journal, X. Y. L. N. T. Chicago, 144 Jubilee, Daily Chicago, 117 Jugend Freund, Katholischer Chicago, 136 Juliet Courier Joliet, 207 Junction Beacon Peru, 282 Jurist, Monthly Bloomington, 31 Jurist, Weekly Bloomington, 31 Jurist, Western Bloomington, 31 Justitia Chicago, 107 JUXBEUDER Chicago, 90 Kane County Advertiser Geneva, 189 Kane County Democrat St. Charles, 309 Kane County Herald, Patriot, Fox River Advocate and St. Charles, 308 Kane County Journal Elgin, 170 Kane County Republican Geneva, 189, 309 Kankakee County Democrat Kankakee, 210 Kanzel, Feeie Springfield, 325 Katholisches Wochenblatt Chicago, 76 Katolicka, Gazeta Chicago, 122 Katolicka, Gazeta Polska Chicago, 122 Katholischer Jugend Freund Chicago, 136 Keithsburg Observer, Oquawka Spectator and Oquawka, 268 Kendall Clarion Bristol, 33 Kendall County Courier Oswego, 270 Kendall County Free Press Oswego, 270 Kendall County News Newark, 262 Piano, 243, 286 Kendall County Record Yorkville, 285, 361 Kerana Keithsburg, 214 Kerana, "V^ejt End Keithsbulg7'2i4 Kirchenfreund, Lutherische Chicago, 97 Kneip Zange Chicago, HI Knox County Democrat Abingdon, i Knox County Observer Galesburg, 185 Knox County Review Knoxville, 216 Knox Republican Knoxville, 216 Knox Student Galesburg, 186 Knoxiana Galesburg, 184 Knoxonian Abingdon, i Koch und Baecker Zeitung, Con- DITOR Chicago, 139 Kristelige Talsmand Chicago, 103 Labor op Love Springfield, 325 Ladies' Friend and Shopping Guide Chicago, no Ladies' Journal of Fashions Chicago, 147 Ladies' Own Magazine Chicago, 96 Ladies' Pearl Alton, 7 Ladies' Repository Chicago, 86 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 479 Lady Elgin Elgin, 171 Lady's Friend Chicago, III Lady's Friend, Densmore's Chicago, III Lady's Western Magazine Chicago, 62 La Harper La Harpe, 217 Lake Breeze Evanston, 174 Lake County Chronicle Wankegan, Ixxv, n., 352, 353 Lake County Citizen Waukegan, 353 Lake County Herald Waukegan, 352 Lake County Democrat Waukegan, 353 Lake County Patriot Waukegan, 353 Lake County Republican Waukegan, 353 Lake County Tidings Waukegan, 353 Lake County Visiter Little Fort, bcxv, n., 227 Waukegan, 352 Lake Daily Sun Chicago, 98 Lake Sun Chicago, 98 Lake View Sun Chicago, 98 Lakeside Library Chicago, 127 Lakeside Monthly Chicago, 99 Lakeside Watch Chicago, 147 L'Am]6rique Chicago, 100 Lamp, Evening Chicago, 96 Lamp, Workers' Chicago, 119 Lancet Blandinsville, 27 Land Owner Chicago, 97 Land Register, Illinois Bounty Quincy, liii, 290 Landlord and Tenant Chicago, 127 Landwirth und Hauspreund Chicago, 102 La Salle County Press La Salle, 219 La Salle County Sentinel Peru, 282 Laterne Chicago, 97 Latter Day Saints' Herald, True Piano, 28s Laundry Journal, National Chicago, 141 Law Bulletin, Daily Chicago, III Law Journal Chicago, 136 Law Manual Chicago, 97 Law Manual, American Chicago, 81 Law Record, Daily Chicago, 92 Lawrence County Courier Lawrence ville, 220 Lawrence County Democrat Lawrenceville, 220 Lawrence County Globe Lawrenceville, 220 Lawrence County Journal Lawrenceville, 220 Lawrence County Press Sumner, 331 Leader Abingdon, i Bloomington, 29 Cairo, 37 Canton, 40 Chicago, 72 Chrisman, 150 Elgin, 172, 309 Kyte River, 216 La Harpe, 217 Lane, 218 Lincoln, 225 Marion, 234 Monmouth, 246 St. Charles, 309 Warren, 348 Waterman, 351 4So ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Leader and Pilot, Ikish Chicago, 120 Leader and Review Onarga, 267 Leader, Local Lexington, d, 223 Leader, Sentinel- Warren, 348 Leader, Shelby County Shelbyville, 316, 317 Leader, Temperance Mt. Carmel, 251 Leader, Western Springfield, 324 Leaf Chicago, 137 League, Citizens' Chicago, 139 Leather Review, Western Shoe AND Chicago, 138 Leaves From Forest Hill Rockford, 302 Lebanon Journal, Illinois Advo- cate and Lebanon, 218 Ledger Chicago, 71, 107, III Havana, 197 Louisville, 228 , Macomb, 231 Oakland, 265 Olney, 266 Quincy, 294 Ledger, Coles County Charleston, 50 Ledger Democrat Louisville, 228 Ledger, Fulton Canton, 39 Ledger, Illinois Public Canton, 39 Lewistown, 222 Lee County Democrat Dixon, 162 Lee County Enterprise Franklin Grove, 180 Lee County Herald, Ddcon Tele- graph and Dixon, 161, n. Lee County Journal Amboy, 9 Lee County Times Amboy, 9 Paw Paw, IS3, 221, 275 Leedle Vanderer Chicago, 102 Legal Adviser Chicago, 77 Legal Directory Springfield, 325 Legal Directory, Illinois Springfield, 325 Legal News Chicago, 97 Legal Tender Pekin, ci, 277 Leisure Moments Oquawka, 268 Lens Chicago, 112 Leslie's Budget of Fun, Frank Chicago, 86 Letter Box, Monthly Flora, 179 Letter, Commercial Chicago, 69, 7S Liberal Chicago, 90 Fulton, 182 Galesburg, 185 Litchfield, 226 Liberal Democrat Champaign, 48 Collinsville, 153 Liberal, Ford County Paxton, 27s Liberal Reeormer Morris, 247 Liberator Orion, 270 Liberty Banner Rock Island, 303 Liberty Tree Chicago, 58 Liberty's Sentinel Jacksonville, 203 Librarian, Chicago Chicago, 112 Life Boat Chicago, 97 Life Boat, Sucker Alton, 7 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 481 Life, City Aurora, is Life in Dixon Dixon, 162 Life, Words of Chicago, 134 Light, Western Macomb, 231 Lincoln Clarion Springfield, 325 Ljqtjor Trade Review CMcago, 123 List, Bank-Note Chicago, 68 List, Chicago Grocery and Drug Price Chicago, no List, Hardware and Iron Chicago, 136 Literary and Musical Review Chicago, 147 Literary Budget Chicago, 64 Literary Gazette, Illinois Chron- icle AND Palestine, 272 Literary Gem Lebanon, 221 Literary, Lakeside Chicago, 127 Literary Messenger Chicago, 82 Literary Record Chicago, 147 Literary Review Chicago, 147 Literary Review, Eclectic Jour- nal of Education and Chicago, 63 Literary Varieties Chicago, 117 Literary Youth Chicago, 112 Little Bouquet Chicago, 117 Little Corporal Chicago, 83 Little Corporal's School Fes- tival Chicago, 102 Little Folks Chicago, 97 Little Fort Porcupine and Dem- ocratic Banner Little Fort, 227 Waukegan, 352 Little Men Chicago, 107, 109 Little Preacher, Youth's Evan- gelist AND Chicago, 149 Little Sangamo Gazette, Journal AND Springfield, 321 Little Watchman Bloomington, 31 Chicago, 102 Live Stock and Produce Re- porter Chicago, 123 Live Stock Journal Quincy, 293 Live Stock Journal, National Chicago, 103 Live Stock Journal, Western Agriculturist and Chicago, 94 Quincy, 293 Live Stock Reporter Chicago, 123 Living Church Chicago, 141 Livingston County Blade Fairbury, 175 Livingston County Democrat Pontiac, 288 Livingston County Democrat, Ford's Pontiac, 288 Livingston County News Pontiac, 287 L'Observateur de Chicago Chicago, 78 Local Lostant, 335 Tonica, 335 Local Leader Lexington, ci, 223 Local Record Shawneetown, 316 Local Review Decatur, 158 Local Times Dana, 154 482 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Locomotive Chicago, 112 Greenfield, 192, 356 Plymouth, 286 White Hall, 193 Locomotive Builder, National Car and Chicago, 108 Logan County Bee Lincoln, 225 Logan County Courier Lincoln, 221 Logan County Democrat Lincoln, 224 Logan County Forum Atlanta, 12 Logan County Joxirnal Lincoln, 225 Logan County Republican Lincoln, 225 Lorgnette Chicago, 107 Loyalist Mason, Ixxxvi, 238 Salem, 310 Lumberman, American Chicago, 118 Lumberman, Northwestern Chicago, 118 Lumberman's Advertiser and Weekly Price Current Chicago, 78 L'Unione, Italiana Chicago, 91 LUTHERISCHE KiRCHENFREUND Chicago, 97 Lyceum Banner Chicago, 90 Macedonian and Record Chicago, 97 Mackinaw Sentinel Lexington, 223 Macoupin Anzeiger Carlinville, 42 Macoupin County Enquirer Carlinville, 41 Macoupin County Herald Carlinville, 42 Macoupin County Spectator Carlinville, 41 Macoupin Statesman Carlinville, 41 Macoupin Times Carlinville, 41 Madison Advertiser Edwardsville, 167 Madison County Anzeiger Edwardsville, 169 Madison County Bote Edwardsville, 168, 199 Madison County Courier Edwardsville, 168 Madison County Enquirer Edwardsville, 167 Madison County Record Tele- graph Alton, 4 Madison County Recorder Edwardsville, 167 Madison County Sentinel Alton, 9 Madison Press, Weekly Edwardsville, 168 Magazine Pook, Carl Pretzel's Chicago, no Magazine of Fashion, Music, and Home Reading, Chicago Chicago, 102 Magnet Decatur, 157 Mahomet, 232 Magnet and Tribune Decatur, 157, 159 Mail Chicago, xciv, 68, 84, 103 Greenup, 193 Malta, 232 Peoria, 280 Springfield, 326 Mail, British Chicago, 95 Mail Guide, Travelers' and Ship- pers' Chicago, 129 Mail, Post and Chicago, 84, 103 Main Law Alliance Chicago, 68 Maine Sun Chicago, 98 Maneord's Magazine Chicago, 70 Manual, American Law Chicago, 81 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 483 Manual, Commercial Advertiser AND Counting Room Chicago, 82 Manual, Law Chicago, 97 Manufacturer, Illinois Trader AND Peoria, 282 Manufacturer, Scientific Chicago, 124 Manufacturer, Western Chicago, 125 Manttfacturers' Fire Insurance Guide Chicago, 141 Manufacturers' Record, Chi- cago Merchants' and Chicago, 92 Manufacturers' Record, Mer- chants' and Chicago, 78 Manufacturers' Record, Price Current and Chicago, 78, 87 Manufacturers' Record, Western Merchants' Price Current AND Chicago, 78 Marine Record and Trade of THE West Chicago, 126 Marine Register, Wells' Chicago, 77 Marion County Herald Salem, 310, 311 Marion County Republican Salem, 310, 311 Market Reporter Chicago, 92 Market Review and Price Cur- rent Chicago, 76 Market Review, Chicago Daily Commercial Report and Chicago, 70 Market Review, Daily Com- mercial Report and Chicago, 86 Marshall County Democrat Henry, 198 Lacon, 217 Marshall County Republican Henry, 198 Marshall County Telegraph Henry, 198 Marvel Chicago, 137 Mason County Democrat Havana, 197 Mason County Herald Havana, 196 Masonic Record Chicago, 117 Masonic Trowel Sprmgfield, 325 Masonry, Voice Of Chicago, 80 Massac Journal Metropolis City, 241 Massac Journal-Republican Metropolis City, 241 Master Mechanic Chicago, 117 Master Mechanic, Railway Chicago, 143 Master Workman, Illinois Canton, 40 Materia Medica, American Jour- nal OF Chicago, 77 Matrimonial Bazar Chicago, 97 Matrimonial News Chicago, 97 Matrimonial News and Special Advertiser Chicago, 97 McDonough County Democrat BlandinsviUe, 27 McDonough Democrat Macomb, 231 McDonough Independent Macomb, 231 McDonough Independent and Democratic Review Macomb, 231 Mcelroy's Bank Note Reporter Chicago, 74, 79 McHenry County Democrat Woodstock, 360 McHenry County Union Woodstock, 359 McKendree Repository Lebanon, 221 484 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS McLean Coukty Anti-Monopo- list Bloomington, 30 Saybrook, 312 McLean County Deutsche Presse Bloomington. 30 McLean County Echo Bloomington, 29 McLean County Journal Bloomington, 29 McLean County Register Bloomington, 28 Mechanic, Amateur Chicago, 134 Mechanic and Inventor Chicago, 90 Mechanical Journal, North- western Illustrated Chicago, 147 Mechanics' Repository, Farmers' and Belleville, 21 Mecnophone Raritan, 295 Medical and Surgical Journal, Illinois Chicago, 56 Medical and Surgical Journal, Northwestern Chicago, 56 Medical and Surgical Journal, United States Chicago, 76, 8s Medical Examiner Chicago, 76 Medical Investigator Chicago, 76, 8s Medical Investigator, United States Chicago, 76, 8s Medical Journal Chicago, 56, 76 Medical Journal and Examiner Chicago, S7, 76 Medical Recorder, Illinois Vandalia, 343 Medical Register Chicago, 112 Medical Register and Advertiser Anna, 10 Medical Times Chicago, 97 Memento Peoria, 279 Memento and Odd-Fellows' Family Magazine Springfield, 324 Memento and Odd-Fellow's Northwestern Magazine Springfield, 324 Memorial, Gregg's Dollar Month- ly AND Old Settlers' Hamilton, 195 Menard County Axis Petersburg, 283 Menard County Times Petersburg, 283 Menard Index Petersburg, 283 Menard Republican Petersburg, 283 Mercantile Journal and Weekly Price Current Chicago, 108 Mercantile Price Current Chicago, 127 Mercantile Review, Grocer and Chicago, 122 Mercer County Democrat Keithsburg, 213 Mercer County Press Aledo, 2 Merchant, Weekly Chicago, 90 Merchants' Advertiser Bloomington, 30 Merchants' and Manufacturers' Record Chicago, 78, 92 Merchants' Bulletin Chicago, 147 Merchants' Journal, Railroad AND Chicago, 98 Merchants' Monthly Circular AND Illustrated News Chicago, 78 Merchants' Price Current, Western Chicago, 78 Merchants' Price Current and Manufacturers' Record, Western Chicago, 78 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 48s Meechakts' Weekly Circular, Chicago Chicago, 78 Merchants' Weekly Circular and Illustrated News, Chicago Chicago, 78 Mercury Onarga, 267 Shawneetown, 315, 315, n. Mercury, St. Clair Belleville, 20 Mercury, Western Geneva, bcxv, n., 188 St. Charles, 308 Message Warsaw, 348 Message, Democrat- Mi. Sterling, 254 Message, Good Templar's Quincy, 293 Message, Illinois Weekly Mt. Sterling, 254 Messaggiere Italiano Dell' Quest, II Chicago, 91, 92 Messenger Abingdon, i Capron, 40 Danville, 156 Ehnwood, 172, 233 Maroa, 235 Marshall, 236 Urbana, 178 Messenger, Bonham's Rural Chicago, 91 Messenger, Cass County Beardstown, 19 Messenger, Christlan Jacksonville, 204 Messenger, De Witt County Clinton, 153 Messenger, Dollar Rural Hamilton, 195 Messenger, Illinois Springfield, 323 Messenger, Literary Chicago, 82 Messenger of the Northwest, Song Chicago, 80 Messenger, Prairie St. Charles, 308 Messenger, Public School Kewanee, 215 Messenger, Rural Plymouth, 286 Messenger, Song Chicago, 80 Messenger, Sunday School Chicago, 94 Messenger, Young Chicago, 109 Metal Worker, Watchmaker and Chicago, 125 Metal World Chicago, 123 Metallurgist, Mining Review AND Chicago, 141 Meteor Centralia, 47 Methodist, Free Aurora, 16 , Sycamore, 332 Methodist Free Press Rockford, 301 Methodist Quarterly Review Chicago, 103 Michigan, Beobachter von Chicago, 67 Midland Monthly Monmouth, 246 Military Tract Advertiser, Journal and RushviUe, 306 Military Tract Journal Macomb, 231 Mn-L Journal, Rolling Chicago, 128 Millenarian Chicago, 123 Miller, American Chicago, 119 Miller, Commercial Ottawa, 271 Mn-LER, Modern Moline, 245 Miller's National Magazine Chicago, 141 Minaret Chicago, 119 Minaret, Turner's Chicago, 119 486 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Miner and Wokkman's Advocate Belleville, 24 Miner, Western Braidwood, 32 Mineral, Hardin Elizabethtown, 172 Miner's Journal Galena, liii, 182 Mines, Journal of the American Bureau of Chicago, 117 Mining Journal Du Quoin, 163 Mining Review Chicago, 141 Mining Review and Metallurgist Chicago, 141 Mining Review, Chicago Chicago, 141 Mining Review, Real Estate and Chicago, 147 Minor Mt. Carroll, 252 Mirror Altona, 9 Chicago, 137 Pekin, 276, 277, 336 Piano, 285, 361 Russellville, 211, u. Mirror, Carroll County Carroll, 334 Mt. Carroll, 251 Mirror of Fashions Chicago, 137 Mirror, Prairie Hillsboro, 199 Mirror, Rock River Rockford, 300 Mirror, Sunday School Chicago, 109 Mirror, Tazewell County Pekin, 277 Mirror, Western Rockford, 300 Mirror, Western Weekly Edwardsville, 167 Mission, Pamphlet Chicago, 142 MiSSIONAREN Chicago, 103, 114 MiSSIONAREN, AuGUSTANA OCH Chicago, 114 Missionary Advocate Chicago, 98 Missionary, Reformed Henry, 199 Missionary Sentinel Anna, 10 Missions-Vannen Chicago, 123 Missouri and Illinois Temperance Herald Alton, Ixii, s Missouri Cumberland Presbyte- rian Alton, 7 Moderlandene, Fra Chicago, 121 Modern Argo Quincy, 294 Modern Miller Moline, 245 Molly Stark Toulon, 336 MoNATSHEPTE, DEUTSCHE- AmER- ikanische Chicago, 81 Monday Leader Cairo, 37 Money Maker's Journal, Smax Chicago, 104 Money Reporter And Insurance Journal, Phillips' North- western Chicago, 75 Money Reporter, Northwestern Chicago, 7S, 77 Monitor Alton, Ixxv, n., 6 Buckingham, 33 Chenoa, 51 Chicago, 98 Dallas, 154 Dixon, 162 Gridley, 194 Hillsboro, 226 Jacksonville, ci, 206 Lee, 221 Lexington, 223 Litchfield, 200 Marion, 234 Meredosia, 241 Nashville, 258 Robinson, 297 Springfield, 325 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 487 Streator, 153, 329 Weston, 355 Monitor, Illinois Freeport, 181 Monitor-Index Streator, 329 Monitor, Morgan Jacksonville, 206 Monitor, News- Litchfield, 200 Monitor, Protestant Greenville, 193 Monitor, Real Estate News Letter and Insurance Chicago, 71 Monitor, Republican Litchfield, 226 Monitor, Sangamo Springfield, 325 Monitor, Temperance Aurora, 14 Monitor, Union Hillsboro, 200 Litchfield, 200, 226 Monitor, Western Family Marion, 233 Monroe Advertiser Waterloo, 350 Monroe Democrat Waterloo, 350 Montgomery County Democrat Litchfield, 226 Montgomery County Herald HiUsboro, 200 Montgomery News Hillsboro, 200 _ Monthly, The Chicago, 83 Monthly Jurist Bloomington, 31 Monthly Letter Box Flora, 179 Montecly Novellette Oquawka, 268 Moore's Home Monthly Areola, 11 Morgan County Advertiser, Jacksonville Banner and Jacksonville, 203 Morgan County Journal Waverly, 354 Morgan Journal Jacksonville, Ixxvii, 204 Morgan Monitor Jacksonville, 206 Morning Bulletin Chicago, 72 Morning Frank Elgin, 172 Morning Courier Chicago, 120 Quincy, 291 Morning Herald Chicago, 144, 146 Morning Mail Chicago, 58 Peoria, 280 Morning Monitor Springfield, 325 Morning News Alton, 9 Chicago, 127 Peoria, 279 Quincy, 294 Morning Post Chicago, 76, 8s Morning Star Chicago, 127 Rockford, 301 Mother's Journal Chicago, 108 Motor Walnut. 348 Motto Robin's Nest, 209 Moudy's Democrat Richview, 296 Moultrie County Chronicle Sullivan, 330 Moultrie County Union Banner Sullivan, 330 Mueller, Deutsche Amerikan- ISCHE Chicago, 13s Museum and Hotel Register Chicago, 79 Museum, Daily Chicago, 79 Musical Bulletin Chicago, 147 Musical Independent Chicago, 92 488 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Musical Review Chicago, 71, 87, 137 Musical Review, Higgins Chicago, 87 Musical Review, Literary and Chicago, 147 Mystic Star Chicago, 81 Nad och Sanning Chicago, 137 Nar och Fjeeran Chicago, 123 Narodni Noving Chicago, 92 National Chicago, 123 National, The East St. Louis, 166 National Bank St. Clair, 202 National Banner Benton, 26 Chicago, 79 National Baptist Chicago, 98 National Board of Trade Chicago, 137 National Car and Locomotive Builder Chicago, 108 National Car Builder Chicago, 108 National, Chicago Chicago, 108 National Crop Reporter Jacksonville, 205 National Democrat Alton, 7 Chicago, 69 Peoria, 281 National Demokrat Chicago, 132 National Emporium Mound City, 249 National Era Danville, ci, 156 National Farmer Chicago, 127 National Flag Bloomington, 29 National Gazette Mattoon, 238 National Greenbacker Rochelle, ci, 298 National Greenback Herald Shelb3rviUe, 318 National Guard Oregon, 269 National Harness Review Chicago, 147 National Hotel Reporter Chicago, 112 National Laundry Journal Chicago, 141 National Live Stock Journal Chicago, 103 National Magazine, Miller's Chicago, 141 National Monthly Farm Press Chicago, 140 National Prohibitionist Chicago, 86 National Stock Yard Reporter East St. Louis, 165 National Sunday School Teacher Chicago, 84 National Weekly, Carl Pret- zel's Chicago, 120 Native American Chicago, 69 Native Citizen, Daily Chicago, 64 Neighbor Nauvoo, kxxviii, n., 260 Nervous and Mental Diseases, Journal of Chicago, 123 Neue Freie Presse, Chicagoer Chicago, 107 Neue Volks-Zeitung Rock Island, 304 Neue Zeit Chicago, 137 New Church Independent and Review Chicago, 67 New Citizen Nauvoo, 260 New Covenant Chicago, 62 New Empire, Our Chicago, 142 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 489 New Era Carbondale, 40 Chandlerville, 49 Elgin, 172 Jacksonville, 205 Mt. Forest, 252 Nashville, 258 Toulon, 336 Woodstock, ci, 360 New Era, Hancock Warsaw, 349 New Overland Toxjrist Chicago, 146 New REPttBLic Chicago, 90 New Unity, The Chicago, 143 New World Chicago, 79 News Amboy, i Ashland, 12 Aurora, 16 Ava, 17 Batavia, 18 Belleville, 23 Braidwood, 32 Brighton, 33 Brimfield, 33 Buckingham, 33 Bunker HiU, 34 Byron, 35, i79 Cairo, 37 Chicago, 84, kxv, n., S7, 7°, 112, 127 Dallas, 154 Danville, 155 Decatur, 160 Du Quoin, 164 Elgm, 171 Fairfield, 176 Farina, 177 Farmington, 179 Freeport, 181 Galesburg, 187 Genoa, 189 Girard, 190 Grant Park, 192 Grayville, 192 Greenfield, 193 Homer, 201 Hutsonville, 202 Hyde Park, 202 Jacksonville, 203 JoUet, 208 Kansas, 211 Keithsburg, 214 Kirkwood, 215 Lewistown, 222 Lincoln, 223, 225 Litchfield, 226 Loda, 228 Magnoha, 232 Maroa, 235 Mason City, 238 McLeansboro, 229 Mendota, 240 Minier, 243 Minonk, 244 Mt. Carroll, 252 Mt. Vernon, 256 Neoga, 261 Ohiey, 26s, 266 Oneida, 267 Paw Paw, 275 Pecatonica, 218, 276 Peoria, Ixx, 279 Peru, 282 Piano, 262, 285 Quincy, 294 Rantoul, 294 Raritan, 295 Riverton, 296 Roanoke, 297 Rockford, 300 Rockwell, 305 St. Ehno, 309 Sandoval, 311 Sandwich, 311 Saybrook, 312 Seneca, 313 Thomson, 334 Tonica, 33s Turner Junction, 337 Vienna, 344 Virden, 34s Washington, 350 YorkviUe, 361 Young America, 361 News, Amateur Abingdon, i News and American Contract Journal, Engineering Chicago, 121 News and American Railway Journal, Engineering Chicago, 121 News and Central Recorder Payson, 276 News and Commercial Danville, 155 490 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS News and Special Advertiser, Matrimonial Chicago, 97 News, Catholic Chicago, I4S News, Central Wayne, 354 News, Chicago Daily Drovers' Journal And Farm Chicago, IIS News, Chicago Illustrated Chicago, 127, 146 News, Chicago Merchants' Week- ly CmcuLAR and Illustrated Chicago, 78 News-Chronicle Lewistown, 222 News, City Evening Chicago, 82 News, Commercial Danville, 155 News, County Payson, 276 News, Daily Dramatic Cairo, 36 News, Daily Morning Peoria, Ixx, 279 News, De Kale County De Kalb, 154, 160 News-Democrat Belleville, 23 News, Democratic Bloomington, 31 News, Dollar Weekly Elgin, 171 News, East Knox Yates City, 360 News, Engineering Chicago, 121 News, Fayette County Vandalia, 343 News, Ford County Paxton, 27s News From the Spirit World Chicago, 92 News-Gleaner Shawneetown, 316 News, Good Chicago, 136 News, Greenback Joliet, 208 News, Henry County Geneseo, 188 News-Herald Lincoln, 223 News-Herald, Twin City Peru, 282 News, Home La Harpe, 217 News, Illinois State Gazette and Jacksonville Jacksonville, xxxii, 203 News, Illustrated Chicago Chicago, 92 News Index Wenona, 354 News, Industrial Advocate and Geneseo, 188 News, Kendall County Piano, 243, 286 News, Legal Chicago, 97 News Letter Centralia, 46 Galesburg, 184 Hillsboro, 200 Mascoutah, 21, 237 Naperville, 257 Sheridan, 318 News Letter and Henry County News Galesburg, 184 News Letter and Insurance Mon- itor, Real Estate Chicago, 71 News, Livingston County Pontiac, 287 News, Matrimonial Chicago, 97 News, Merchants' Monthly Cir- cular AND Illustrated Chicago, 78 News-Monitor Litchfield, 200 News, Montgomery Hillsboro, 200 News, News Letter and Henev County Galesburg, 184 News, Peoria County Brimfield, 33 News, Pharmaceutical Peoria, 281 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 491 News, Real Estate Evanston, 174 News, Record and Seneca, 313 News, Repeesentative and Belle- ville Belleville, 20 News, Scott County Winchester, 357 News, Shawnee Shawneetown, 315 News, South Su>e Chicago, 118 Hyde Park, 202 News, Stamp Rociford, 302 News, Stark County Toulon, 335, 336 News-Times Maroa, 235 News, Vermillion Comellville, 153 News, Western BellevJUe, 20 News, Western Photographic Chicago, 125 News, White County Carmi, 44 Newsboy's Appeal Chicago, 141 Newspaper Jerseyville, 206 Newspaper, Chicago Dollar Chicago, 63 Newspaper Union Chicago, 108 NiNAWA Gazette Peru, 282 Nineteenth Century Peoria, 278 Nonpareil Abingdon, i Noonday Star Galesburg, 186 NORDEN Chicago, 124 NORDWESTLICHE POST Freeport, 181 Normal Herald Park Ridge, 274 Norsk-Amerikanske Independence Chicago, 137 North Side Reporter Chicago, 142 North Vermillion Chronicle Hoopeston, 201 Northern Granger St. Charles, 309 Northern Illinoian Wheaton, 335 Northern Illinois Commercial Keithsburg, 213 Northwest Chicago, 137 Freeport, 180 Northwestern Belvidere, 25 Evanston, 174 Northwestern Advertiser Rock Island, 303 Northwestern Bank Note and Counterfeit Reporter Chicago, 71 Northwestern Baptist Chicago, 54 Salem, 310 Northwestern Church Chicago, 72 Northwestern Church Advocate Chicago, 67 Northwestern Commercial Trav- eler Chicago, 142 Northwestern Educator and Magazine of Literature and Science Chicago, 59 Northwestern Excelsior Waukegan, 353 Northwestern Farmer Chicago, 87 Northwestern Gazette Galena, 183 Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser Galena, 183, 184 Northwestern Gazetteer Galesburg, 184 Northwestern Gazetteer, Reg- ister and Peoria. 278 492 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Northwestern Home Journal Chicago, 69 Northwestern Home And School Journal Chicago, 75 Northwestern Illustrated Me- chanical Journal Chicago, 147 Northwestern Intelligencer Galesburg, 184 Northwestern Journal of Homoeopathia Chicago, 63 Northwestern Lumberman Chicago, 118 Northwestern Magazine Chicago, 116 Northwestern Medical ai^d Sur- gical Journal Chicago, 56 Northwestern Money Reporter Chicago, 75, 77 Northwestern Orient Waukegan, 353 Northwestern Prairie Farmer Chicago, 73 Northwestern Presbyterian Chicago, 71 Northwestern Pulpit Chicago, 77 Northwestern Quarterly Maga- zine Chicago, 74 Northwestern Republican Mt. Morris, 252 Northwestern Review Chicago, go Northwestern Sunday School Teacher's Quarterly Chicago, 83 Northwestern Weekly Review Chicago, 90 Nova Doba Chicago, 92 Novelist Chicago, 124 NOVELLETTE, MONTHLY Oquawlia, 268 NoviNG, Narodni Chicago, 92 Nowadays .Rocliford, 302 Nya Hem, Vart Chicago, 119 Nya Sevsige Rockford, 301 Nya Svenska Amekikanaren Chicago, 87 Nya Veelden Chicago, 108 Nya Wecko Posten Chicago, 13s Nye Tid, Den Chicago, 124 Nyheter, Svenska Chicago, 88 Nyheter, Svenska Tribunen- Chicago, 88 Oak Leap Galesburg, 185 Obelisk, Egyptian Cairo, 36 Observateur de Chicago, L' Chicago, 78 Observer Alton, btiv, Ixv, Ixvi, Ixvii, Ixxv, n-, S Barry, 17 Carbondale, 40 Carrollton, 45 Chicago, 103 Keithsburg, 213 Mendota, 240 Mt. Pulaski, 253 Naples, 258 Petersburg, ci, 283 Rossville, 306 St. Charles, 309 Sterling, 329 Virginia, 345 Observer and McLean County Advocate Bloomington, 27 Observer and Peoria County Advertiser Elmwood, 172 Observer, Campaign Elgin, 170 Observer, Du Page County Naperville, 257 Observer, Fayette Vandalia, 343 Observer, Knox County Galesburg, 185 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 493 Observek, Oquawka Spectator AND KeITHSBURG Oquawka, 268 Observer, Western Jacksonville, liii, 202 Occident Chicago, 118 Odd Fellow and Magazine op Lit- erature AND Art, American Chicago, 61 Odd Fellow, Western Chicago, 90 Odd Fellow, Westliche Chicago, 105 Odd-Fellows Famtly Magazine, Memento and Springfield, 324 Odd Fellows Herald Bloomington 31 Springfield, 326 Odd-Fellows' Northwestern Mag- azine, Memento and Springfield, 324 Odd Fellows Union Springfield, 32s Oeconomie, Agerdkning and Chicago, 100 Oeeering, Templar's Chicago, 82 Ogle County Banner Polo, 286 Ogle County Democrat Mt. Morris, 253 Ogle County Gazette Oregon, 268 Ogle County Grange Oregon, 269 Ogle County Press Polo, 287 Ogle County Reporter Oregon, 269 On, Review, Druggist and Paint and Chicago, 146 Okaw Shelbs^ville, 316 Okaw Democrat Shelbyville, 316 Okaw Patriot Shelbyville, 316, 317 Okaw Republican Sullivan, 330 Old Flag Marion, 233, 234 Pittsfield, 284 Old Hickory Springfield, 323 Old Oaken Bucket Chicago, 132 Old Settlers' Memorial, Gregg's Dollar Monthly and Hamilton, 195 Old Soldier Springfield, 323 Old Statesman Quincy, 291 Olive Branch Cairo, 37 Springfield, 323, 324 Olive Branch of the West Chicago, 67 Oltve Leaf Vandalia, 342 Olive Wreath Chicago, 90 Open Door Eufield, 173 Opera House Programme Chicago, 91 Oquawka Spectator and Keiths- burg Observer Oquawka, 268 Oracle, Home Circle and Tem- perance Chicago, 82 Oread Mt. Carroll, 251 Organ, Democratic Marion, 233 Organ, Illinois Springfield, 323 Orient Waukegan, 299 Orient, Central Pana, 273 Orient, Northwestern Waukegan, 353 Oriental Journal, American Anti- quarian AND Chicago, 138 Orthorspor Farmer City, 177 Our Best Words Shelbyville, 318 494 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Our Boys Chicago, io8 Our Boys and Girls Own Chicago, ii8 Our Boys' Intellect Wenona, 354 Our Constitution Urbana, 338 Our Faith Alton, 8 Our Fireside Friend Chicago, 112 Our Flag Chicago, 112 Marion, 233, 234 Our Folks at Home Chicago, 103 Our New Empire Chicago, 142 Our Picture Gallery Chicago, 142 Our Rest Chicago, 124 Our Rest and Signs of the Times Chicago, 124 Our Times Edwardsville, 168 Our Work Sparta, 321 Our Youth Chicago, 105, log Outlook Chicago, 112 Outlook, Farmers' Voice and Rural Chicago, 78 Over Land and Sea Chicago, 142 Overland Tourist, New Chicago, 147 Owl Charleston, 49 Chicago, 124 Virginia, 345 Paint and Oil Review, Druggist and Chicago, 146 Palladium Chats worth, 5° Pana, 273 Palladium, Illinois Pekin, 276 Palladium, Illinois Weekly Elgin, 170 Pamphlet Mission Chicago, 142 Pantagraph Bloomington, Ixx, Ixxvii, 28 Richmond, 296 Westfield, 355 Paper Cairo, 37 Monmouth, 246 Paper, Child's Chicago, 106 Paper, Dot East St. Louis, 166 Paper, Every Child's Chicago, 13s Paper, Every Youth's Chicago, 13s Paper, Everybody's Chicago, 96 Paper, Gazette and Monmouth, 246 Roseville, 306 Paper, People's Bushnell, 35 Chicago, 117, 118 Shelbyville, 318 Paper Trade, Western Chicago, 129 Paper, Western Rural and Family Weekly Chicago, 80 Papers, Highway Chicago, 132 Papers, Home CUcago, 86 Paragraph Perry, 282 Party, Religio Politico Chicago, 113 Pathfinder, Western Chicago, 68 Patriot Carrollton, 45, 356 Chicago, 70 Danville, 155 Durand, 164 El Paso, 173 Lane, 218 Nauvoo, 261 Pekin, 277 St. Charles, 308 Waterloo, 350 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 495 Patriot, Bureau County Princeton, 289 Patriot, Champaign County Urbana, 338 Patriot, Fox River Advocate and Kane County Herald St. Charles, 308 Patriot, Illinois Jacksonville, 203 Patriot, Lake County Waukegan, 353 Patriot, Okaw ShelbyviUe, 316, 317 Patriot, Pulaski Mound City, 249 Peace, Advocate of Chicago, 95 Peace, Calumet of Carlyle, 43 Peace, Herald of Chicago, 89 Pearl Sycamore, 332 Pen and Pencil Chicago, 70 People Belleville, 24 Farmington, 179 People, Press and Galesburg, 185 People, Sovereign Edwardsville, 163 People, Voice of the Chicago, 53 Louisville, 228 Peoria, 279 People's Advocate Wilmington, 356 People's Advocate, Illinois Re- gister and Vandalia, 342 Peoples' Dental Journal Chicago, 80 People's Friend Marion, 234 People's Gazette East St. Louis, 165 Peoples' Journal of Health Chicago, 81 People's Miscellany and Illinois Herald Alton, 6 People's Monthly Chicago, 124 People's Paper Bushnell, 35 Chicago, 117, ii8 ShelbyviUe, 318 People's Platform Aurora, 13 St. Charles, 308 People's Press Nashville, 259 People's Weekly Chicago, 109 Rockford, 300 Sandwich, 311 Peoria County Advertiser, Ob- server AND Ehnwood, 172 Peoria County News Brimfield, 3$ Peoria Herald, Illinois Champion AND Peoria, liii, 278 Peoria Republican, Illinois Cham- pion AND Peoria, 278 Perry County Banner Pinckneyville, 283 Perry County Democrat Pincknejrville, 284 Perry County Press Du Quoin, 164 Tamaroa, 333 Perry County Signal Pinckneyville, 284 Perry County Times Pinckneyville, 283 Perry County Watchman Tamaroa, 327, 332 Pharmaceutical News Peoria, 281 Pharmacist Chicago, 93 Pharmacist and Chemical Record Chicago, 93 Pharmacist and Chemist Chicago, 93 Phillips' Northwestern Money Reporter and Insurance Journal Chicago, 7S 496 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Philological Magazine, Rapid Wkiier and Chicago, 128 Philosopher, Christian Geneseo, 188 Phoenix Braidwood, 33, 208 Chicago, 109 Grafton, 191 Joliet, c, 208, 221, 285 Lemont, 208, 221 Lockport, 208, 227 Peotone, 208 Plainfield, 208, 285 Richview, 46, 296 Wilmington, 208, 357 Phoenix, Fulton Ipava, 202 Phonograph Plymouth, 286 Photographic News, Western Chicago, 125 Physician, American Chicago, 139 Piatt County Herald Monticello, 247 Piatt County Republican Monticello, 247 Piatt County Union Monticello, 247 Piatt Democrat Monticello, 246 Piatt Independent Monticello, 247 Picket Guard Chester, Ixxxvi, 51 Pictorial Advertiser Chicago, 112 Pictorial Advertiser, Exposition Chicago, 116 Picture Gallery for Young Folks Chicago, 142 Picture Gallery, Our Chicago, 142 Pike County Democrat Pittsfield, 28s Pike County Free Press Griggsville, 194, 284 Pittsfield, Ixxvii, 284 PncE County Journal Pittsfield, 284 Pike County Republican Pittsfield, 28s Pike County Sentinel Pittsfield, 28s Pike County Union Griggsville, 194, 285 Pittsfield, 28s Pike's Democrat Decatur, 158 Pilgrim, Christian Sycamore, 332 Pilot Chicago, 120 Rockford, 298 Pilot, Catholic Chicago, 120 Pilot, Irish Leader and Chicago, 120 Pilot, Young Chicago, 105 Pioneer Albion, 2 EflSngham, 169 Ewington, 175 Streater, 329 Pioneer and Baptist Standard Bearer, Western Alton, 4, 30s Pioneer and Western Baptist Rock Spring, 305 Pioneer, Clinton County Carlyle, 44 Pioneer of the Valley of the Mississippi Rock Spring, lix, 305 Pioneer, Prairie Fairfield, 176 Mt. Sterling, 253 Pioneer, Western Alton, 4 Plaindealer Benton, 26 Charleston, 49 Chatwsorth, 50 Galesburg, 186 Marseilles, 235 McHenry, 229 Newton, 263, 266, 266, n. Oquawka, 268 Pana, 272 Pekin, 276 Sparta, 321 Sullivan, 330 Young America, 361 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 497 Plaindealer, Democratic Naperville, 257 Plaindeaier, Henderson Biggsville, 27 Plaindealer, Randolph Sparta, 320 Platform, Democratic St. Charles, 308 Platform, People's St. Charles, 308 Plattdeutsche Zeitung Chicago, 143 Play Chicago, 137 Plotjghboy, Western Edwardsville, 167 Plow Boy Mt. Carmel, 250 POKROK Chicago, 98 POLSKA KaTOLICKA, GaZETA Chicago, 122 PoLSKA w Chicago, Gazeta Chicago, -1 16 Political Crisis Springfield, 325 Political Examiner Rushville, Ivi, 307 Political Reformer Exeter, 175 Politician Belleville, 21 Pomeroy's Democrat Chicago, 132 Pomeroy's Illustrated Democrat Chicago, 132 Pope County Democrat Golconda, 191 Popular Tribune Nauvoo, 261 Porcupine Chicago, 59, 135 Porcupine and Democratic Ban- ner, Little Fort Little Fort, 227 Waukegan, 352 Portfolio Chicago, 118 Posaune, Bundes- Chicago, 134 Post Aurora, 16 Belleville, 22 Bloomington, 31 Chicago, xciv, 76, 77, 84, 85, 103, 127 Danville, 156 Harlem, 134 Havana, 197 Keokuk, 349 Peoria, 280 Princeton, kxvii, 289 Marion, 234 Mendota, 241 Naples, 258 Pekin, 277 Quincy, 294 Rutland, 308 Toulon, 336 Wyoming, 32, 360 Postal Record Chicago, 93 Postal Record, Western Chicago, 9S Postal Review, Western Dwight, 164 Post and Mail Chicago, 84, 103 Post, Beobachter and Chicago, 134 Post, Evening Aurora, 16 Chicago, xciv, 77, 84, 103, 127 Marion, 234 Post, Greenback Quincy, ci ' Post-Herald Wyoming, 360 Post, Morning Chicago, 76, 85 Post, Nordwestliche Freeport, 181 Posi-Office Register Pana, 273 Post-Tribune Pekin, 277 Post und Zeitung Belleville, 22 Posten, Nya Wecko Chicago, 135 Posten, Svenska Chicago, 138 Poultry Argus Polo, 287 498 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Poultry Banner Sterling, 329 PouxTRY Journal, American Chicago, 129, 179 Poultry Record Farmington, 179 Practical Teacher Chicago, 137 Prairie Advocate Toulon, 335 PiLAiRiE Beacon Belvidere, 25 Hillsboro, 199 Paris, 274 Prairie Beacon and Valley Blade Paris, 273 Prairie Chief Cambridge, 38, 269 Galesburg, 187 Prairie City, 288 Toulon, 336, 360 Prairie City Advocate Litchfield, 226 Prairbe Democrat Freeport, 180 Mt. Sterhng, 253 Sparta, 320 Prairie Enterprise Minonk, 243 Prairie Farmer Amboy, 10 Chicago, S3, n, 73, 74 Sandoval, 311 Prateoe Farmer, Emery's Journal OF Agriculture and Chicago, 54, 73 Prairie Farmer, Northwestern Chicago, 73 Prairie Farmer, Union Agri- culturist AND Western Chicago, S3 Prairie Flower Carlyle, 42 Shelbyville, 316 Prairie Herald Chicago, 58 Prairie Home and Advertiser Sandwich, 311 Prairie Leaf Chicago, 70 Prairie Messenger St. Charles, 308 Prairie Mirror Hillsboro, 199 Prairie Pioneer Fairfield, 176 Mt. Sterling, 253 Prairie State Danville, Ixxvii Jerseyville, 207 Prairie Telegraph Rushville, 307 Pravda Chicago, 147 Presbyterian, Cumberland Alton, 8 Presbyterian, Christian Instruc- tor And Western United Chicago, 7S Presbyterian Expositor Chicago, 71 Presbyterian, Missouri Cumber- land Alton, 7 Presbyterian, Northwestern Chicago, 71 Presbyterian Recorder Chicago, 78 Presbyterian Western Cumber- land Alton, 8 Presbytery Reporter Alton, 6 Present Age Chicago, 93 Press Abingdon, i Blue Island, 32 Buda, 34 Carrollton, 45 Chicago, 103, 104 Delavan, 161 Du Quoin, 333 East St. Louis, 165 Elgin, 172 Galesbirrg, 185 Greenup, 193 Homer, 201 Jacksonville, 205 La Salle, 219 Little Rock, 227 Marengo, 223 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 499 Mendota, 240 Middleport, 242, 351 Momence, 245 Mt. Morris, 286 New Windsor, 263 Newton, 263 Olney, 266, 266, u. Polo, 287 Rantoul, 295 Rossville, 306 Sumner, 331 Tuscola, 337 Press and People Galesbiirg, 185 Press and TRiBtrNE Chicago, 60 Press, Daily Democratic Chicago, 63 Press, Democrat- La Salle, 219 Press, Democratic Chicago, Ixxii, 60 Keithsburg, 213 Nauvoo, 261 Peoria, Ixx, 278, 279 Press, Du Page County Naperville, 257 Press, Egyptian Marion, 234 Press, Exposition Daily Chicago, 139 Press, Free, see Free Press Press, Hard Cider Chicago, S3 Press, Illustrated Chicago, 103, 104 Press, Independent Faiifield, 175 Griggsville, 195 Taylorville, 333 Press, Industrial Galena, 184 Press, Insurance Chicago, 127 Press, Iroquois County Middleport, 242 Press, La Salle County La Salle, 219 Press, Lawrence County Sumner, 331 Press, Mercer County Aledo, 2 Press, Middleport Watseka, 331 Press, National Monthly Farm Chicago, 140 Press, Ogle County Polo, 287 Press, Perry County Du Quoin, 164 Tamaroa, 333 Press, People's Nashville, 259 Rockford, 300 Sandwich, 311 Press, Printing Chicago, 128 Press-Reporter Momence, 245 Press, Rural Centralia, 46, 296 Press, Sentinel and Pontiac, 288 Press, Tri-County Polo, 287 Press, Union Busimell, 34 Press, Vermillion County Danville, is5 Press, Wayne County Fairfield, 176 Press, Weekly Madison Edwardsville, 168 Presse, Freie, see Freie Presse Presse, Israelitische Chicago, 147 Presse, McLean County Deutsche Bloomington, 30 Presse, Westliche Quincy, 292, 293, 294 Pretzel's Magazine Pook, Carl Chicago, no Pretzel's National Weekly, Carl Chicago, 120 Price Current and Manufac- turers' Record Chicago, 78, 87 Price Current and Manufac- turers' Record, Western Merchants' Chicago, 78 Price Current, Commercial Chicago, 120 Soo ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Peice Cxxrsent, Daily Chicago, 70 Price Cuesent, Druggist Chicago, 96 Price Current, Lumberman's Ad- vertiser AND Weekly Chicago, 78 Price Current, Market Review AND Chicago, 76 Price Current, Mercantile Chicago, 127 Price Current, Mercantile Jour- nal and Weekly Chicago, 108 Price Current, Western Mer- chants' Chicago, 78 Price List, Dry Goods Chicago, 101 Price List, Grocery and Drug Chicago, no Princetonian Princeton, 289 Printers Cabinet, Rounds' Chicago, 70 Printing Press Chicago, 128 Produce Reporter, Live Stock and Chicago, 123 Professor Trumbull's Family Rec- ord Chicago, 118 Programme Chicago, 78 Programme, Arlington Hall Chicago, 88 Programme, Opera House Chicago, 91 Progress Abingdon, i Chrisman, 150 Du Quoin, 164 Rock Falls, 298 Shipman, 319 Sullivan, 330 Progress, Williamson County Marion, 234 Progressive Farmer Chicago, 128 Mc Leansboro, 230 Prohibitionist, National Chicago, 86 Promulgator Metropolis City, 241 Property Seller Atlanta, 13 Protestant Chicago, 68 Protestant Monitor Alton, 6 Greenville, 193 Province Galesburg, 186 Knoxville, 216 Provision Review, Grain and Chicago, 126 Public Clinton, 151 Pana, 151, 272 Public and Central Transcript, De Witt County Clinton, 152 Public Ledger, Illinois Canton, 39 Lewistown, 222 Public Reaper Farmer City, 178 Public Record Warsaw, 349 Public Register, Illinois Lewistown, 222 Public School Journal Bloomington, 30 Public School Messenger Kewanee, 215 Publishers' Auxiliary Chicago, 104 Publishers' Monthly Chicago, 137 Pulaski Democrat Caledonia, 38 Pulaski Enterprise Mound City, 250 Pulaski Patriot Mound City, 249 Pulpit, Chicago Chicago, 113 Pulpit, Gospel Chicago, 92 Pulpit, Northwestern Chicago, 77 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS SOI PuuiT, Western Chicago, 88 Ptjkchasing Agent, Railway Chicago, 143 Putnam Cottnty Register Henry, 198 Putnam County Standard Hennepin, 198 Putnam Record Hennepin, 198 Quid Nunc Chicago, S4 Qui VrvE Upper Alton, 338 Quivering Leaf St. Charles, 309 Radical, Christian Polo, 287 Radical Kewanee, 214 Radical Republican Cairo, 38 Mattoon, 239 Radical Review, Alliance and Chicago, 114 Rail Splitter Chicago, 77 Railroad Age Gazette Chicago, 133 Railroad and Merchants' Jour- nal Chicago, 98 Railroad Conductor's Brother- hood Magazine Chicago, 132 Railroad Gazette Chicago, 73, 133 Railroad Gazette, Western Chicago, 72 Railroad Journal, American En- gineer AND Chicago, 108 Railroad Journal, Fayette Yeo- man AND Vandalia, 343 Railroad Monthly Chicago, 1x3 Railroader Chicago, 143 Railroader and Railway En- terprise Chicago, 143 Railway Advertising Bulletin Chicago, 147 Railway Age Chicago, 132 Railway and Engineering Review Chicago, 93 Railway Enterprise Chicago, 143 Railway Enterprise, Railroader and Chicago, 143 Railway Journal, Engineering News and American Chicago, 121 Railway Master Mechanic Chicago, 143 Railway Purchasing Agent Chicago, 143 Railway Register, Insurance and Chicago, 77 Railway Review Chicago, 93 Railway Review, Chicago Chicago, 93 Railway Times Chicago, 143 Railway World, St. Louis East St. Louis, 165 Ram's Horn Chicago, 301 Randolph County Democrat Chester, 51 Randolph County Journal Sparta, 320 Randolph County Record Sparta, 320 Randolph County Zeitung Chester, 52 Randolph Free Press Kaskaskia, 213 Randolph Plaindealer Sparta, 320 Rantoulian Rantoul, 29s Rapalee's Jokinello Oregon, 269 Rapid Writer Chicago, 128 Rapid Writer and Philological Magazine Chicago, 128 502 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Rapid Writer and Tachygrapher Chicago, 128 Rapid Writer and Takigrafer Chicago, 128 Raresek Chicago, 133 RaTTA HJEMXANDET, DeT Chicago, 74 Galesburg, 185 Rattlesnake Peru, 282 Ray, The Chicago, 104 Real Estate Advertiser, Cecms- TiAN County Taylorville, 334 Real Estate and Building Jour- nal Chicago, 93 Real Estate and Mining Review Chicago, 147 Real Estate Bulletin Paxton, 276 Real Estate Index. Farmer City, 177 Real Estate Journal Bloomington, 31 Gihnan, 190 Real Estate Journal and Week- ly Bulletin Chicago, 143 Real Estate News Evanston, 174 Real Estate News Letter and Insurance Monitor Chicago, 71 Real Estate Register Chicago, 128 Real Estate Register of the Northwest Chicago, 71 Reaper, Public Farmer City, 178 Reaper, Young Chicago, 100 Record Aledo, 2 Areola, 11 Assumption, 12 Bluffs, 32 Bushnell, 34 Chicago, 66, 78, 92, 113, 127 Clayton, 151 Compton, 153 Dundee, 163 Fairfield, 177 Joliet, 208 Kenney, 214 Mt. Sterling, 254 New Rutland, 262 Paxton, 27s Rushville, 308 Seneca, 313 Shabbona, 313 Sterling, 328 Troy, 337 Virden, 345 Record, Alton Telegraph and Madison County Alton, 4 Record and Family Journal, Capitol Springfield, 325 Record and Hotel Register, Daily Chicago, 78 Record and News Seneca, 313 Record, Army Aurora, 16 Record, Chicago Merchants' and Manufacturers' Chicago, 92 Record, Chxtech Chicago, 72 Record, College Wheaton, 355 Record, Commercial Monmouth, 246 Record, Cook County Des Plaines, 161 Record, Druidic Quincy, 294 Record, Evening Chicago, 78 Record, Faith's Chicago, 107 Record, Foundling's Chicago, 106 Record-Herald Areola, 11 Chicago, 66, 127, 12S Record, Homeopathic Chicago, 141 Record, Kendall County Yorkville, 285, 361 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 503 Record, Literary Chicago, 147 Record, Local Shawneetown, 316 Record, Macedonian and Chicago, 97 Record, Masonic Chicago, 117 Recoiud, Merchants' and Manu- facturers' Chicago, 78 Record, Postal Chicago, 93 Record, Poultry Fannington, 179 Record, Price Current and Manu- facturers' Chicago, 78, 87 Record, Public Warsaw, 349 Record, Putnam Hennepin, 198 Record, Randolph County Sparta, 320 Record, South Side Chicago, 128 Englewood, 173 Record, Spiritual Chicago, 148 Record, Sucker and Farmers' Pittsfield, 284 Record, Temperance Chicago, 129 Record, Union County Anna, 10 Jonesboro, 209 Record, Western Postal Chicago, 95 Recorder Belvidere, 25 Du Quoin, 163, 164 Kaskaskia, 212 Recorder, Du Page County Naperville, 257 Recorder, Illinois Medical Vandalia, 343 Recorder, Madison County Edwardsville, 167 Recorder, News and Central Payson, 276 Recorder, Presbyterian Chicago, 78 Recorder, Tribune and Du Quoin, 163 Recreation, Hours of Chicago, 146 Reflector, Wilson's Chicago, 119 Reform Belleville, 24 Chicago, 87 Reform Investigator Morrison, 248 Reformed Missionary Henry, 199 Reformer, Aurora, 15 Milton, 243 Sycamore, 331 Reformer and Free Press Sycamore, 331 Reformer, Liberal Morris, ci, 247 Reformer, Political Exeter, 175 Register Abingdon, i Ava, 17 Bement, 26 Canton Ixxix, 39 Clement, 151 Clinton, 152, 214 Effingham, 169 Fairfield, 177 Galesburg, 184, 185, 186, 267 Jersesrville, 207 Kenney, 214 Kinmundy, 215 Lane, 218 Loda, 228 Marseilles, 235 Minonk, 243 Mt. Carmel, 250 Mt. Vernon, 256 Moweaqua, 256 Peoria, Ixvi, n., Ixx, Ixxi, 278 Rochelle, 297 Rock Island, 304 Rockford, Ixxvii, 298, 299 Salem, 310 Savanna, 312 Sparta, 320 Tiskilwa, 33s Toledo, 33S Tonica, 335 Waukegan, 352 White Hall, 209, 305, 3°6, 35S S04 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Register and Advertiseh, Medical Anna, lo Register akd Illinois Advocate, Illinois State Vandalia, 342 Register and Northwestern Ga- zetteer Peoria, 278 Register and People's Advocate, Illinois State Vandalia, 342 Register, Army Aurora, 16 Register, Camp Cairo, 36 Register, Christian Chicago, 126 Register, Clement Huey, 201 Register, Commercial Chicago, 63 Register, Daily Express and Commercial Chicago, 63 Register, Daily Record and Hotel Chicago, 78 Register, De Witt Clinton, 152 Register, Eastern Illinois Paxton, 27s Register-Gazette Rockford, 299, 301 Register, Illinois Advocate and State Springfield, 322 Vandalia, 322, 341 Register, Illinois Bounty Land Quincy, liii, 290 Register, Illinois Public Lewistown, 222 Register, Illinois State Springfield, hex, 167, 322 Vandalia, 342 Register, Illinois Valley Winchester, 357 Register, Independent Trade Chicago, 107 Register, Insurance and Railway Chicago, 77 Register, Medical Chicago, 112 Register, McLean County Bloomington, 28 Register, Museum and Hotel Chicago, 79 Register of the Northwest, Real Estate Chicago, 71 Register, Post-Office Pana, 273 Register, Putnam County Henry, 198 Register, Real Estate Chicago, 128 Register, Republican- Galesburg, 185, 186 Register, Rock River Grand Detour, 191 Mt. Morris, 252 Register, Saline County Harrisburg, 196 Register, Tazewell Pekin, Ixxix, 276 Register, Wells' Marine Chicago, 77 Religio-Philosophical Journal Chicago, 84 Religio Politico Party Chicago, 113 Repertory Princeton, 290 Report and Market Review, Daily Commercial Chicago, 86 Report, Board of Trade Chicago, 100 Report of Suits, Judgments, Chattel Mortgages Etc Chicago, 75 Reporter Abingdon, i Braidwood, 33 Charleston, 50 Chicago, 94 Chillicothe, 150 Clifton, 151 ' Farmer City, 178 Franklin Grove, 180 La Salle, 219 Mendota, 240 Minonk, 244 Momence, 245 Raymond, 295 Virden, 345 WoodhuU, 358 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS SOS Reporter, American Bottom Illinoistown, 202 Reporter, American Cabinet Maker, Upholsterer and Carpet Chicago, TOO Reporter and Counterfeit Detec- tor, Bank Note Chicago, 74 Reporter and Insurance Jour- nal, Phillips' Northwestern Money Chicago, 75 Reporter, A. O. U. W. and I. O. M. A. Lincoln, 225 Reporter, Bank Note Chicago, 74, 79 Reporter, Church Quincy, 293 Reporter, Commercial Chicago, 100 Reporter, Commercial Bulletin and Northwestern Chicago, 69 Reporter, Daily Hotel Chicago, 112 Reporter, Dry Goods Chicago, 106 Reporter, Edgar County Paris, 274 Reporter, Illinois Kaskaskia, xxviii, xlix, 212 Reporter, Illinois Synoptical Springfield, 326 Reporter, Live Stock Chicago, 123 Reporter, Live Stock and Pro- duce Chicago, 123 Reporter, Market Chicago, 92 Reporter, McElroy's Bank Note Chicago, 74, 79 Reporter, National Crop Jacksonville, 205 Reporter, National Hotel Chicago, 112 Reporter, National Stockyard East St. Louis, 165 Reporter, North Side Chicago, 142 Reporter, Northwestern Money Chicago, 7S, 77 Reporter, Ogle County Oregon, 269 Reporter, Press- Momence, 245 Reporter, Tazewell Pekin, 276 Reporter, Wells' Commercial Express and Western Produce Chicago, 72 Reporter, Wesleyan Seminary Rockford, 299 Reporter, Western Clothing, Fur- nishing and Hat Chicago, 148 Reporter, Youth's Chicago, 113 Repository, Conductor's Mag- azine AND Chicago, 14s Repository, Democratic Canton, 39 Repository, Farmers and Mechan- ics Belleville, 21 Repository, Ladies' Chicago, 86 Repository, McKendree Lebanon, 221 Representative Hamilton, 195 Repeesentattve and Belleville News Belleville, 20 Representative and Gazette Belleville, 20 Republic Bloomington, 31 Elgin, 171 Galesburg, 186 Geneseo, 188 Geneva, 189 Joliet, 208 Republic, Advocate- Geneseo, 188 Republic and Sun Joliet, 208 Republic, Egyptian Centralia, 47 Republic, Irish Chicago, go So6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Republic, New Chicago, go Republic, Spiritual Chicago, 84 Republican Aurora, 14 Belleville, 24 Belvidere, 25 Benton, 27 Bloomington, 29 Braidwood, 33 Canton, 40 Carthage, 45, 46, 217 Charleston, 50 Chicago, xciv, $5: 77. 85, no Davis, 156 Decatur, 158 Delavan, 160 Dixon, 161 Dundee, 163 Du Quoin, 26, 164, 284 Edwardsville, 168 Efl5ngham, 169 Farmer City, 177 Fairfield, 177 Galesburg, 186 Geneva, 189 Grayville, 192 Henry, 198 Jerseyville, 191, 207 Joliet, 208 Kaskaskia, xxviii, xlviii, xlix, 51, 212, 213 Lewistown, 222 Majority Point, 232 Marengo, 233 Molina, 244 Monticello, 247 Mt. Carmel, 251 Murphysboro, 257 Olney, 265 Oquawka, Ixxvii Ottawa, 270, 271 Peoria, bcx, Ixxvii, 279 Petersburg, 283 Quincy, 291, 292 Rock Island, 303 Rockford, Ixxvii, 298 Springfield, 324 Sterling, 327 Urbana, 339 Warren, 348 Washington, 350 Waterloo, 350 Watseka, 242, 351 White Hall, 356 Winchester, 357 Woodstock, 360 Republican Advertiser Bloomington, 29 Republican Advocate Kaskaskia, 212 Republican and Gazette Sterling, 327 Republican and Sentinel Sycamore, 331 Republican Atlas Monmouth, 246 Republican Atlas-Advance Monmouth, 246 Republican Beacon Paris, 274 Republican, Brown County Mt. Sterling, 254 Republican, Bureau County Princeton, 289 Republican, Cumberland Majority Point, 232 Republican, De Kalb County Sycamore, 331 Republican, De Witt County Clinton, 178 Republican, Egyptian Albion, 2 Republican-Era Murphysboro, 257 Republican-Examiner Jerseyville, 207 Republican Free Press Woodstock, 359 Republican, Greene County Greenfield, 193 Republican, Illinois Belleville, 22 Edwardsville, xxviii, xlvi, xlviii, 166 Rushville, 307 Shawneetown, 315 Springfield, Ixxxvii, 322 Taylorville, 333 Woodstock, 3S9 Republican, Illinois Champion AND Peoria Peoria, 278 Republican, Iroquois Middleport, 242 Watseka, 351 Republican, Kane County Geneva, 189, 309 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS S07 Republican, Knox Knoxville, 216 Republican, Lake County Waukegan, 353 Republican, Logan County Lincoln, 225 Republican, Marion County Salem, 310, 311 Republican, Makshall County Henry, 198 Republican, Mason County Havana, 197 Republican, Massac Journal Metropolis, 241 Republican, Menard Petersburg, 283 Republican Monitor Litchfield, 226 Republican-Northwestern Belvidere, 25 Republican, Northwestern Mt. Morris, 252 Republican, Okaw SuUivan, 330 Republican, Piatt County Monticello, 247 Republican, Pike County Pittsfield, 28s Republican, Radical Cairo, 38 Mattoon, 239 Republican-Register Galesburg, 185, 186 Republican, Rural Lawrenceville, 220 Republican Sentinel Sycamore, 331 Republican Sun Kansas, 211 Republican, Tazewell County Pekin, 277 Repubucan-Tiues Ottawa, 271 Republican, True Sycamore, 331 Republican Union Aiirora, 14 Repubucan, Wabash Mt. Carmel, 250 Republican, Wabash Valley Paris, 274 Republican, Wayne County Fairfield, 177 Republican, Whig- Quincy, 291 Republicaner, Illinois Belleville, 24 Republikanen I Norra Amerika, Den Svenske Galesburg, 187 Republikanen, Svenska Chicago, 70 Restitution Chicago, 89, 109 Reveille Bloomington, 28 Carlyle, 43 Chester, 320 Havana, 197 La Rose, 219 Lebanon, 221 Pekin, 276 Somonaiik, 319 Washburn, 349 Reveille And Homestead Ad- vocate Chester, 51 Review Chicago, 143 Davis, 156 Decatur, 158, 160 De Kalb, 232 Galesburg, 186 Girard, 190, 263 Hinckley, 201, 351 Kankakee, 210 Lexington, 223 Litchfield, 226 Moline, 244, 245 Monmouth, 246 Onarga, 11, 34, 151, 267 Peoria, 281 Red Bud, 29s, 296 Roodhouse, ci, 306 St. Charles, 309 Wilmington, 356 Review, Alliance and Radical Chicago, 114 Review, American Educational Chicago, 148 Review, American Spirit and Wine Trade Chicago, 78 Review and Metallurgist, Min- ing Chicago, 141 So8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Review and Price Current, Market Chicago, 76 Review, Art Chicago, 100 Review, Central Illinois Onarga, 267 Review, Chicago Daily Commer- cial Report and Market Chicago, 70 Review, Chicago Mining, Chicago, 141 Review, Chicago Railway Chicago, 93 Review, Chicago Ribbon Chicago, 143 Review, College Upper Alton, 338 Review, Commercial Quincy, 293 Review, Congregational Chicago, 75 Review, Daily Commkrcial Report and Market Chicago, 86 Review-Dispatch Moline, 245 Review, Dolton-Riverdale Dolton, 162 Review, Douglas County Tuscola, 337 Review, Druggist and Paint and Oil Chicago, 146 Review, Evening Peoria, 281 Review, Farmers' Chicago, 13s Review, Grain and Provision Chicago, 126 Review, Grand Prairie Onarga, 267 Review, Grocer and Mercantile Chicago, 122 Review, Higgins' Musical Chicago, 87 Review, Icarian Nauvoo, 261 Review, Illinois Illustrated Chicago, 124 Review, Illinois Trade Bloomington, 31 Review, Illustrated Chicago, 124 Review, Iron Trade Chicago, IIS Review, Knox County Knoxville, 216 Review, Leader and Onarga, 267 Review, Liquor Trade Chicago, 123 Review, Literary Chicago, 147 Review, Literary and Musical Chicago, 147 Review, Local Decatur, 158 Review, McDonough Independent and Democratic Macomb, 231 Review, Methodist Quarterly Chicago, 103 Review, Mining Chicago, 141 Review, Musical Chicago, 71, 87, 137 Review, National Harness Chicago, 147 Review, New Church Independent and Review Chicago, 67 Review, Northwestern Chicago, 90 Review, Railway Chicago, 93 Review, Railway and Engineer- ing Chicago, 93 Review, Real Estate and Mining Chicago, 147 Review, Rock River SterUng, 328 Review, Saturday Evening Chicago, 77 Review, United States Chicago, 82 Review, Western Postal Dwight, 164 Review, Western Shoe and Leather Chicago, 138 Review, Western Sunday Chicago, 100 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS S09 Review, Western World and De Kalb De Kalb, 160 Review, Wine and Spirit Chicago, 78 Ribbon Review, Chicago Chicago, 143 Richland County Republican Ohiey, 266 Rtverdale Review, Dolton- Dolton, 162 Rock Areola, 11 Rock Islander Rock Island, 303, 304 Rock River Democrat Rockford, 299 Rock River Express Rockford, 298 Rock River Farmer Dixon, 162 Rock River Mirror Rockford, 300 Rock River Register Grand Detour, 191 Mt. Morris, 252 Rock River Review Sterling, 328 Rockford Collegian Rockford, 301 Rockford Seminary Magazine Rockford, 301 Rolling Mill Journal Chicago, 128 Rost, Folkets Chicago, 131 Rounds' Printers Cabinet Chicago, 70 Rundschau Lincoln, 224 Rundschau, Volksblatt- Lincoln, 224 Rural and American Stockman, Western Chicago, 80 Rural and Family Weekly Paper, Western Chicago, 80 Rural Messenger Pl}Tnouth, 286 Rural Messenger, Bonham's Chicago, 91 Rural Messenger, Dollar Hamilton, 195 Rural Outlook, Farmers' Voice and Chicago, 78 Rural Press Centralia, 46, 296 Rural Republican Lawrenceville, 220 Rural West and Weekly Journal Quincy, 292 Rural, Western Chicago, 80, 140 Rural, Young Folks' Chicago, 105 RURALIST Palestine, 272 St. Clair Banner Belleville, 21, 22, 22, n. St. Clair Gazette Belleveille, 20 St. Clair Mercury Belleville, 20 St. Clair Tribune Belleville, 23 East St. Louis, 165 St. Louis Railway World East St. Louis, 165 Saints' Herald, True Latter Day Piano, 285 Saline County Register Harrisburg, 196 Saline County Sentinel Harrisburg, 196 Sandebudet Chicago, 82 Rockford, 300 Sangamo Gazette, Journal and Little Springfield, 321 Sangamo Journal Springfield, kxxvii, n., 321, 333 Sangamo Monitor Springfield, 325 Sangamo Spectator Springfield, xxxiv. xxxviii, liii, 321 Sangamon Journal Springfield, 321 Sangamon Valley Times Chandlerville, 49 Sanmung, Nad och Chicago, 137 Sio ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Saturday Evening Call Peoria, 281 Satthiday Evening Chronotype Chicago, 72 Saturday Evening Herald Chicago, 124 Saturday Evening Mail Chicago, 68 Saturday Evening Review Chicago, 77 Saturday Herald Decatur, 159 Saturday Republican Taylorville, 333 Saturday Star Oilman, 190 Saturday Truth and Sunday Eye Bloomington, 32 Saturday Visitor Champaign, 48 Schibboloth Chicago, 143 Scholar Chicago, 94 Scholar, Bible Class Chicago, 14s Scholar, Sunday School Chicago, 94 School Advocate, Common Jacksonville, 203 School Festival Chicago, 102 School Festival, Little Cor- poral's Chicago, 102 School Journal, Northwestern Hoke and Chicago, 75 School Messenger, Public Kewanee, 215 School World Chicago, 128 Schoolmaster Bloomington, 30, 264 Chicago, 104 Normal, 280 Schoolmaster, Chicago Chicago, 104, 264 Schoolmaster, Illinois Chicago, 104, 280 Normal, 264 SCHUTZE UND JaGD ZeITUNG, WeST- UCHE Chicago, 144 SCHUETZEN ZeITUNG, HIGHLAND Bote und Highland, 199 Schuyler Advocate Rushville, 307 Schuyler Citizen Rushville, 307 Schuyler County Democrat Rushville, 307 Science and Progress Chicago, 133 Science, Journal of Chicago, 136 Scientific Farmer Chicago, 118 Scientific Journal, Western Peoria, 281 Scientific Manufacturer Chicago, 124 Scott County Arrow Manchester, 232, 356 Winchester, 358 Scott County News Winchester, 357 Scott County Union Winchester, 357 Second District Democrat Elgin, 170 Seminary Gazette Onarga, 267 Seminary Magazine, Rockford Rockford, 301 Seminary Reporter, Wesleyan Rockford, 299 Sentinel Ashton, 12 Avon, 17 Centraha, 44, 47 Chicago, ci, 143 Galena, 183 Jacksonville, Ixxix, 205 Lacon, 217 Lincoln, 225 Low Point, 229 Morris, 248 Mt. Pulaski, 253 Mt. Sterling, 253 Mt. Vernon, 255 Miuphysboro, 257 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS S" Naperville, 257 Polo, 286 Pontiac, 288 Sycamore, 331 Warren, 11, 348 Washburn, 241, 349 Wenona, 354 Windsor, 153, 318, 358 Woodford, 358 Woodstock, 359 Sentinel and Peess Pontiac, 288 Sentinel and Wabash Advocate Mt. Carmel, 250 Sentinel, Christian Eureka, 280 Peoria, 280 Sentinel, Chronicle- Harrisburg, 196 Sentinel, DeKalb County De Kalb, 160 Sentinel, Dollar Windsor, 358 Sentinel, Illinois Jacksonville, 205 Vandalia, 342 Sentinel, Irish Chicago, 96 Sentinel, La Salle County Peru, 282 Sentinel-Leader Warren, 348 Sentinel, Liberty's Jacksonville, 203 Sentinel, Missionary Anna, 10 Sentinel, Mackinaw Lexington, 223 Sentinel, Pike County Pittsfield, 28s Sentinel, Republican Sycamore, 331 Sentinel, Republican and Sycamore, 331 Sentinel, Saline County Harrisburg. 196 Sentinel, Wabash Hutsonville, 201 Sentinel, Whiteside Morrison, 248 Sentinel, Woodford Metamora, 241, 349 Settlers' Memorial, Gregg's Dollar Monthly and Old Hamilton, 195 Seven Sounds Chicago, 87 Sevrige, Nya Rockford, 301 Sewing Machine Advance Chicago, 147 Sewing Machine Journal Chicago, 125 Sharp's Weekly Statesman Lincoln, 225 Shawnee Chief Shawneetown, 314, 314, n. Shawnee Herald Shawneetown, 316 Shawnee News Shawneetown, 315 Shelby Banner Shelby ville, 316 Shelby County Independent Shelbjrville, 317 Shelby County Leader Shelbyville, 316, 317 Shelby County Union Shelbyville, 317 Shield Tuscola, 337 Shield, Douglas County Tuscola, 337 Shippers' and Mail Guide, Trav- ellers' Chicago, 129 Shoaff's Family Gazette Decatur, 156 Shoe and Leather Review, Western Chicago, 138 Shoeist, Illustrated Boot and Chicago, 136 Shoemaker, Christian Chicago, 6s Shopping Guide, Ladies' Friend and Chicago, III Sidewalkings Galesburg, 186 Siege Danville, 155 512 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Signal Chicago, 148 Joliet, 207 Roodhouse, 305, 3S6 Warsaw, 348 Signal, Perry County Pinckneyville, 284 Signs or the Times, Our Rest AND Chicago, 124 Silver Leap Lincoln, 224 Skanwa Moline, 88, 245 Skandinaven Chicago, 87 Skirmisher, Daily Quincy, 293 Skol-Vannen Rock Island, 304 Sloan's Garden City Chicago, 67 Smax Money Makers' Journal Chicago, 104 Social Science Journal Chicago, 137 Socialist Chicago, 143 Socialist, Chicagoer Chicago, 133 SoKOL Americky Chicago, 148 Soldiers' Advocate Freeport, 181 Soldiers' Friend, Gesi of the West and Chicago, 89 Soldiers' Friend, Western Chicago, 89 Song Messenger Chicago, 80 Song Messenger or the North- west Chicago, 80 Sonne Peoria, 281 Sonntagsbote Chicago, 107 Sonntags-Glocke Peoria, 282 Sonntags-Zeitung Peoria, 281 Sons of Temperance, Illinois Lebanon, 221 Sontagsblatt Freeport, 181 Sorosis Chicago, 91, 94 South Lawn Tribune Chicago, 128 South Side Daily Su.\ Chicago, gS South Side News Chicago. 118 Hyde Park, 202 South Side Record Chicago, 128 Englewood, 173 Southern Illinois Advocate Chester, 51 Shawneetown, 315 Southern Illinois Farmer Effingham, 170 Southern Illinois Journal Flora, 179 Odin, 265 Southern Illinoisan Shawneetown, Ixxix, 315 Southern Illinoisan, Jackson County Era and Murphysboro, 257 South-West, Great Chicago, 126 Sovereign People Edwardsville, 167 Sovereign, Squatter Havana, 197 Specimen Chicago, 91 Spectator Alton, liii, 3 Chicago, 98 Danville, 155 Edwardsville, xxviii, xxix, xxxiv, xli, xUv, xlvi, 166, 314 Galesburg, 185 Oquawka, 267 Salem, 310 Spectator And Keithsburg Obser- ver, Oquawka Oquawka, 268 Spectator, Macoupin County Carlinville, 41 Spectator, Sangamo Springfield, xxxiv, xxxviii, liii, 321 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS S13 Spike Prophetstown, 290 Spirit Advocate Rockford, 299, 353 Spirit and Wine Trade Review, American Chicago, 78 Spirit and Wine Trade, Western Chicago, 78 Spirit or '76, Belleville, 21 Spirit of Temperance Reform Chicago, S7 Spirit of the Agricultural Press Champaign, 47 Spntrr of the Grange Bloomington, 32 Spirit of the Press Galena, 184 Spirit of the Turf, Dunton's Chicago, 131 Spirit of the West Naples, 258 Spirit op the West and Illinois Standard Jacksonville, 204, 258 Spirit Review, Wine and Chicago, 78 Spirit World, News from the Chicago, 92 Spiritual Record Chicago, 148 Spiritual Republic Chicago, 84 Spiritual Rostrum Chicago, 98 Sporting Times, Western Chicago, 119 Spy, Egyptian Tamaroa, 332 Spy. Western Mt. Sterling, 253 Squatter Sovereign Havana, 197 Staats Anzeiger, Illinois Springfield, 324 Staats Democrat, Illinois Springfield, 325 Staats Wochenblatt Springfield, 325, 326 Staats-Zeitung, Chicago Chicago, bcxv, n., Ixxvii, 61, 106, 107, I2S Stag Weekly Chicago, 118 Stamp News Rockford, 302 Standard Belvidere, Ixxix, 25 Benton, 26, 26, n. Blue Island, 32 Clayton, 150 Chicago, 61 La Salle, 219 Lockport, 227 Paxton, 275 Sterling, 328 Winchester, 358 Standard Bearer, Western Pio- neer AND Baptist Alton, 30S Standard, Democrat La Salle, 219 Standard, Democratic Geneseo, 188 Paris, 274 Rockford, 300 Standard, Illinois Jacksonville, 203 Standard, Jackson Jacksonville, 204 Standard, Putnam County Hennepin, 198 Standard, Spirit of the West AND Illinois Jacksonville, 204, 258 Standard, Temperance Bloomington, 30 Chicago, 99 Star Bloomington, 32 Dmidee, 163 Dwight, 164 Galena, 183 Gilman, 190 Lena, 221 Marion, 233 Mt. Pulaski, 253 Mt. Vernon, 255 Odin, 26s Peoria, 280 Rockford, Ixxxvii, 298, 301 Tamaroa, 332 Winchester, 358 SI4 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Star and Covenant Chicago, 62 Star and Herald Dwight, 164 Star-Courier Kewanee, 215 Star, Dollar Mt. Pulaski, 253 Star, Illinoisan- Beardstwon, 19 Star, Morning Chicago, 127 Rockford, 301 Star, Mystic Chicago, 81 Star op Bethlehem and Candid Examiner, 8 Alton, 8 Star Of Dallas Dallas, 154 Star Or Egypt Belleville, 24 Star of the West Beardstown, 19 Edwardsville, xxviii, 166 Geneseo, 188 LaHarpe, 217 Sparta, 320 Star, Satdeday Oilman, 190 Stas Spangled Banner Lawrenceville, 220 Star, Sunday Morning Bloomington, 32 Star, Western Jacksonville, 204 Stars and Stripes Du Quoin, 163 Stark County Bee Wyoming, 360 Stark County Democrat Toulon, 187, 336 Stark County News Toulon, 335, 336 Stark County Union Toulon, 336 State Argus Springfield, 326 State Bulletin Bloomington, 28 State Chronicle, Illinois Decatur, kxvii, 157 State Democrat, Illinois Marshall, 236 Springfield, 324 State Gazette and Jacksonville News, Illinois Jacksonville, xxxii, 203 State Gazette, Illinois Jacksonville, 203 Shawneetown, 315 State Journal, Illinois Mardiall, 23s, 236 Springfield, Ixx, 321 State Register Springfield, kx, 167 State Register, Illinois Springfield, 322 Vandalia, 342 State Register, Illinois Advo- cate and Springfield, 322 Vandalia, 322, 341 State Register and Illinois Ad- vocate, Illinois Vandalia, 342 State Register and People's Ad- vocate, Illinois Vandalia, 342 States Chicago, 137 Statesman Lacon, 150, 319 Lincoln, 224, 225 Mt. Vernon, 255 Statesman, Illinois Bloomington, 29 Jacksonville, kxiii, 204 Lacon, 217 Paris, 273, 274 Statesman, Illinois Unionist and Springfield, 323 Statesman, Independent Tuscola, 337 Statesman, Macoupin Carhnville, 41 Statesman, Old Quincy, 291 Statesman, Sharp's Weekly Lincoln, 225 Stationer and Printer, Western Chicago, 149 Stationer, Bookseller and Chicago, 14s INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS SIS Stephenson Gazette, Banner and Rock Island, 302 Stern, Der Belleville, 22, 24 Stern des Westens Belleville, 22, 24 Quincy, 291 Stimme des Volks Chicago, 77 Stock Yard Reporter, National East St. Louis, 165 Stock Yards Dazly Stjn, Union Chicago, 98 Stock Yards Exchange, Union Chicago, 91 Stockman, American Chicago, 14s Stockman, Farm, Field, and Chicago, 140 Stockman, Western Rural and American Chicago, 80 Stream of Light Ipava, 202 Student Chicago, 118 Urbana, 339 Student, Knox Galesburg, 186 Students' Journal Bloomington, 31 Studies, Illustrated Bible Chicago, 122 Suburban Idea Evanston, 174 Sucker Alton, 6 McLeansboro, 229 Sucker and Farmers' Record Pittsfield, 284 Sucker Life Boat Alton, 7 Sucker State Dallas, 154 Le Roy, 221 Mahomet, 232 Mt. Vemon, 256 Sued Illinois Zeitung Carlyle, 44 Sun Belleville, 23 Cairo, 35, 37, 38 Chicago, 98, 319 Chillicothe, 150 Decatur, 139 Dixon, 162 Galena, 184 Geneseo, 188 Greenville, 194 Hyde Park, 98, 202 Joliet, 208 Mendota, 240 Peoria, 281 Waukegan, 353 Sun and Commercial Cairo, 37 Sun-Bulletin Mendota, 240 Sun, Calumet Chicago, 98 Sun, Cicero Chicago, 98 Sun, Cook County Chicago, 98 Sun, Dollar Chicago, 98 Sun, Dollar Weekly Chicago, 98 Sun, Jefferson Chicago, 98 Sun, Lake Chicago, 98 Sun, Lake View Chicago, 98 Sun, Maine Chicago, 98 Sun, Republic and Johet, 208 Sun, Republican Kansas, 211 Sun, South Side Daily Chicago, 98 Sun, Thornton Chicago, 98 Sun, Union Stock Yards Daily Chicago, 98 Sunday Argus Chicago, 117 Sunday. Bourbon Danville, 156 Sunday Courier-Herald Chicago, 120 Sunday Democrat Chicago, loi Si6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sunday Herald Bloomington, 32 Chicago, 72 East St. Louis, 165 Rockford, 302 Sunday Leader Cairo, 37 Chicago, 72 Sunday Mail Springfield, 326 Sunday Morning Eye Bloomington, 32 Sunday Morning Star Bloomington, 32 Sunday Review, Western Chicago, 100 Sunday School Advocate Chicago, 133 Sunday School Companion Chicago, 109 Sunday School Gem Chicago, 128 Sunday School Helper Chicago, 104 Sunday School Messenger Chicago, 94 Sunday School Mirror Chicago, 109 Sunday School Scholar Chicago, 94 Sunday School Teacher Chicago, 83 Sunday School Teacher, Chris- tian Chicago, 131 Sunday School Teacher, National Chicago, 84 Sunday School Teachers' Quar- terly, Northwestern Chicago, 83 Sunday School World Chicago, 104 Sunday Tribune Chicago, 56 Sunday Vacuna Chicago, 70 Sunbeam Decatur, 158 Saybrook, 312 Sunset Chimes Chicago, 133 Surgical Journal, Illinois Medi- cal and Chicago, 56 Surgical Journal, Northwestern Medical and Chicago, 56 Surgical Journal, United States Medical And Chicago, 76, 8s Surveyor, Architect, Engineer AND Chicago, 121 SVENSKA AmERIKANAREN Chicago, 87, 108, 138 Svenska Amerikanaren, Nya Chicago, 87 Svenska Nyheter Chicago, 88 Svenska Posten Chicago, 138 Svenska Republikanen Chicago, 70 Svenska Republikanen i Norra Amerika, Den Galesburg, 187 Svenska Tribunen Chicago, 88, 108, 245 Svenska Tribunen-Nyheter Chicago, 88 SVORNOST Chicago, I2S, 129, 13s Swede Altona, 9 Swede, Illinois Chicago, 108 Galesburg, 187 Synoptical Reporter, Illinois Springfield, 326 Tablet Maroa, 235 Tablet, Western Chicago, 64 Tachygrapher, Rapid Writer and Chicago, 128 Tagblatt der Germania Quincy, 294 Tailor's Intelligencer Chicago, 109 Takigraper, Rapid Writer and Chicago, 128 Tales, Illustrated Temperance Chicago, 146 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS S17 Talsmand, Keistelige Chicago, 103 Taper Alton, 5 Tazewell County Mirror Pekin, 277 Tazewell County Republican Pekin, 277 Tazewell Democrat Tremont, 337 Tazewell Independent Washington, 350 Tazewell Register Pekin, Ixxix, 276 Tazewell Reporter Pekin, 276 Tazewell Telegraph Pekin, 276 Tazewell Whig Tremont, 336 Teacher, Chicago Cliicago, 113 Teacher, Christian Sunday School Chicago, 131 Teacher, Illinois Bloomington, 29, 30 Chicago, 104, 264 Peoria, 280 Teacher, National Sunday School Chicago, 84 Teacher, Practical Chicago, 137 Teacher, Sunday School Chicago, 83 Teachers' Golden Hour Chicago, 99 Teachers' Quarterly Chicago, 133 Telegram Altamont, 3, 309 Kimnundy, 215 Telegraph Alton, kx, 4, 6, 7, 8 Buda, 34 Chicago, 79, 144 Dixon, Ixx, Ixxvii, 161, 162, 275 Lockport, Ixxvii. 227 Marshall, 236 Peru, Ixxv, n, 282 Telegraph and Democratic Re- view Alton, 4 Telegraph and Lee County Herald, Dixon Dixon, 161, n. Telegraph, Barb City De Kalb, 160 Telegraph, Fulton Canton, 39 Telegraph, Marshall County Henry, 198 Telegraph, PRAmiE Rushville, 307 Telegraph, Tazewell Pekin, 276 Telegraph, Western Canton, 39 Telegraph, Will County Lockport, 227 Telephone PrinceviUe, 290 Rochelle, ci, 298 Temperance Advocate, Western Chicago, 8s Temperance Banner Alton, 8 Waverly, 353 Temperance Battle-A\- Chicago, 63 TEftpERANCE Bugle Decatur, 159 Lincoln, 225 Virginia, 347 Temperance Crusader Warsaw, 349 Temperance, Daughter Or Naperville, 257 Temperance Gazette Clinton, 152 Temperance Herald, Illinois Alton, Ixii, s, 6 Temperance Herald, Missouri and Illinois Alton, Ixii, 5 Temperance Leader Mt. Carmel, 251 Temperance Magazine Peoria, 281 Temperance Monitor Aurora, 14 Temperance Monthly Chicago, 129 Si8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Temperance Oracle, Home Circle AND Chicago, 82 Temperance Record Chicago, 129 Temperance Reform, Spirit or Chicago, 57 Temperance Standard Bloomington, 30 Chicago, 99 Temperance Tales, Illustrated Chicago, 146 Temperance Tocsin Aiirora, 15 Temperance Union Sheridan, 319 Temperance Watchman Alton, 8 Templar's Offering Chicago, 82 Temple Call Chicago, 125 Tenant, Landlord and Chicago, 127 Tenney, Hardy and Company's Advertiser Kewanee, 214 Test Rushville, 307 Theodora Springfield, 325 Thornton Sun Chicago, 98 Three States Cairo, 38 TiD, Den Nye Chicago, 124 Tidings, Good Chicago, 122 TroiNGS, Heavenly Chicago, 107 Tidings, Lake County Waukegan, 353 TmsKRiFT, Evangelisk Chicago, 13s Tilskueren Chicago, 144 Timberman Chicago, 118 Times Aledo, 2 Amboy, 9 Augusta, 13 Belleville, 22 Bloomington, Ixxxv, 29 Byron, 35 Cairo, 35, 36 Canton, 40 Carbondale, 40 Carmi, 44 Casey, 46 Champaign, 48, 169 ChandlerviUe, 49 Chenoa, 50 Chicago, Ixxv, n., Ixxxiii, Ixxxiv, n., Ixxxv, n., xci, 38, 64, 65, 66, 73 Chillicothe, 150 Clay City, 150 Clinton, 152 Creston, 154, 246 Danville, 155 Decatur, 159 Delavan, 161 Ed wards ville, 169 Elgin, 16, 171, 172 Farmington, 179 Fort Byron, 288 Freeport, 181 Galesburg, 186 Greenup, 193, 194 Kane, 209 Kankakee, 210 Lincoln, 224, 225 Loda, 228, 27s McLeansboro, 230 Maquon, 233 Maroa, 152, 234 Mason City, 238 Mendota, Ixxxiv, 240 Metropolis City, 242 Minori, 244, 263 MonticeUo, 246 Morrison, 248, 298 Morrisonville, 248 New Rutland, 262 New Windsor, 263 Olney, 266 Onarga, 267, 351 Orion, 270 Ottawa, 271 Pekin, 277 Princeville, 290 Quincy, 294 Ransom, 294 Rockford, 302 Roseville, 306 Rutland, 308 Salem, 311 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 19 Savanna, 312 Springfield, 323 Staunton, 327 Steeleville, 327 Sterling, 327 Vienna, 344 Waterloo, 351 Waverly, 262, 313, 353 Winchester, 337 Times, Advent Christian Chicago, 81 Times and Delta Cairo, 35 Times and Heraijj Chicago, 6s, 73 Times and Seasons Commerce, 153 Nauvoo, 260 Times, Banner- Casey, 46 Times, Bureau County Buda, 34 Times, Calhoun Hardin, 195 Times, Cass County Virginia, 34s, 346 Times, Central Illinois Shelbyville, 317 Times, Chicago Daily Chicago, 65, 66 Times, Christian Chicago, 61 Times-Citizen RoseviUe, 306 Times, City Cairo, 35, 36 Times, College Chicago, 96 Times-Courier Lincoln, 224 Times-Democrat, Iroquois County Watseka, 352 Times, Edgar County Paris, 274 Times, Enterprise and Chicago, 126 Times, Fox River Batavia, 18 Times-Herald Chicago, 66, 127 Times-Herald, Calhoun Hardin, 195 Times, Illinois Central Bloomington, 29 Times, Industrial Rockford, 302 Times, Iroquois County Watseka, 267, 351, 352 Times, Jasper County Newton, 263 Times, Lee County Amboy, 9 Paw Paw, 153, 221, 275 Times, Local Dana, 154 Times, Macoupin CarUnville, 41 Times, Medical Chicago, 97 Times, Menard County Petersburg, 283 TniES, News- Maroa, 235 Times, Our Edwardsville, 168 Times, Perry County PinckneyviUe, 283 Times, Railway Chicago, 143 Times Record Aledo, 2 Times, Republican- Ottawa, 271 Times, Sangamon County Chandlerville, 49 Times, Wabash Valley Paris, 274 Times, Western Sporting Chicago, 119 Times, Whiteside Rock Falls, 248, 298 Sterhng, 328 Tocsin Urbana, 339 Tocsin, Temperance Aurora, 15 Today Chicago, ii8 Torchlight, Egyptian Mt. Vernon, 255 Tornado Tampico, 333 S20 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Torpedo Red Bud, 296 Tourist, New Overland Chicago, 147 Trade and Export Journal, Western Chicago, 129 Trade Bulletin, Daily Chicago, 96 Trade Journal, American Chicago, 125 Trade Journal, Furniture Chicago, 121 Trade Journal, Western Chicago, 129 Trade of the West, Marine Record and Chicago, 126 Trade Register, Independent Chicago, 107 Trade Review, Illinois Bloomington, 31 Tradesman and Manufacturer , Illinois Peoria, 282 Transcript Carbondale, 36, 40, 161 Carthage, 45 Dixon, 161 Earlville, 165 Peoria, Ixx, Ixxix, 279 Polo, 286 St. Charies, 309 Transcript, Central Clinton, 151 Transcript, De Witt County Public and Central Clinton, 152 Transcript, Herald Peoria, 280 Traveler Chicago, 67 Traveler, North-Western Com- mercial Chicago, 142 Traveler, Western Chicago, 134 Travelers', Shippers' And Mail Guide Chicago, 129 Trestle Board Chicago, 72 Treubund, Belleville Belleville, 24 Tribune Chester, 52 Chicago, kxi, Ixxii, Ixxv, Ixxv, n., Ixxvii, bcxix, Ixxix, n., Ixxx, xci, xciv, c, S3, SS, S6, 59, 85, 214 Decatur, 157, 158, 159 Du Quoin, 163 Greenup, 193 Hennepin, 198 Macon, 232 Maroa, 235 Mt. Carroll, 251 Nauvoo, 261 Pekin, 277 Quincy, Ixx, Ixxv, n., 292, 293, 294 Stanford, 327 Sycamore, 332 Wenona, 354 White Hall, 356 Tribune and Free Soil Banner Quincy, 292 Tribune and Recorder Du Quoin, 163 Tribune, Bureau County Princeton, 290 Tribune, Clay County Louisville, 228 Tribune, Illinois Grand Detour, 191 Tribune, Industrial Murphysboro, ci, 257 Tribune, Irish Chicago, 132 Tribune, Magnet and Decatur, 157, 159 Tribune, Popular Nauvoo, 261 Tribune, Post- Pekin, 277 Tribune, Press and Chicago, 60 Tribune, St. Clair Belleville, 23 East St. Louis, 165 Tribune, South Lawn Chicago, 128 Tribune, Sunday Chicago, 56 Tribunen, Svenska Chicago, 88, 108, 245 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS S2I Tribunen-Nyhetee, Svenska Chicago, 88 Tri-Cotjnty Press Polo, 287 Tripod Evanston, 174 Trowel, Masonic Springfield, 325 True Democrat Joliet, Ixxvii, 208 True Flag Shipman, 33, 319 True Latter Day Saints' Herald Piano, 28s True Mission Freeport, i8i True Republican Sycamore, 331 True Unionist, Democratic Havana, 197 True Workman Flora, 179 Trumbull's Family Record, Pro- fessor Chicago, 118 Truth Seeker Alton, Ixxv, n., 6, 55 Truth Teller Carlyle, 42 Turners' Minaret Chicago, iig Twin City News-Herald Peru, 282 Umgegend, Wochenblatt pur Mas- COUTAH UND Mascoutah, 237 Unconditional Unionist Mt. Vernon, 255 Undertaker, Western Chicago, 149 Ungdoms Vannen Chicago, 109 Rock Island, 304 Unicorn Barry, 17 Unicorn Greenback Bariy, ci, 17 Union Anna, 10 Belvidere, 25 Bement, 26 Cairo, 37 Champaign, 47 Chicago, 69, 72. 88, 91 Clinton, 152 Galesburg, 187 Highland, 199 Kankakee, 210 Lewistown, 179, 222 Mt. Sterling, 234 Quincy, 292 Rock Island, 304 Scottsville, 313 Sparland, 319 Tuscola, 337 Urbana, 48, 338 Vandalia, 343 Union Advocate Geneseo, 188 Union Agriculturist and Western Prairie Farmer Chicago, S3 Union and Gazette Gillespie, 189 Union and Gazette. Champaign County Champaign, 47 Union Banner Carlyle, 43, 44, 151 Union Banner and Commercial Advertiser Chicago, 82 Union Banner, Moultrie County Sullivan, 330 Union, Baptist Chicago, los Union, Cass County Virginia, 346 Union, Christian Chicago, 115 Union, Constitution and Carlyle, 43 Union County Democrat Jonesboro, 209 Union County Herald Anna, 10 Jonesboro, 209 Union County Record Anna, 10 Jonesboro, 209 Union Democrat Kewanee, 214 Union, Democratic ChlUicothe, 150 Jerse3rville, 206 522 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Union Eagle McLeansboro, 230 Union, Eastern Will Beecher, 20 Union, Farmer's Lawrenceville, 220 Union, Fillmore Peoria, 280 Union, Flag of our Marshall, 236 Union, Ford County Paxton, 27s Union Gazette Bunker Hill, 34 Union, McHenry County Woodstock, 359 Union Monitor Hillsboro, 200 Litchfield, 200, 226 Union, Newspaper Chicago, 108 Union, Odd Fellows Springfield, 325 Union Park Advocate Chicago, 104 West Chicago, 354 Union Park Banner Chicago, los Union, Piatt County Monticello, 247 Union, Pike County Griggsville, 194, 285 Pittsfield, 285 Union Press BushneU, 34 Union, Republican Aurora, 14 Union, Scott County Winchester, 357 Union, Shelby County Shelbyville, 317 Union, Stark County Toulon, 336 Union Stock Yards Daily Sun Chicago, 98 Union Stock Yards Exchange Chicago, 91 Union, Temperance Sheridan, 319 Unione Italiana, L' Chicago, gi Unionist Effingham, 169 Unionist and Statesman, Illinois Springfield, 323 Unionist, Democratic True Havana, 197 Unionist, Unconditional Mt. Vernon, 255 Unionist, Western Winchester, 357 United Irishman Ottawa, 271 United States Medical and Sur- gical Journal Chicago, 76, 8s United States Medical Inves- tigator Chicago, 76, 8s United States Monthly, Abbott's Chicago, 144 United States Review Chicago, 82 Unity Chicago, 142 Unity, New Chicago, 143 Universal Emancipation, Genius of Hennepin, 197 Lowell, kx, n., 229 UNIVERSALIS! Chicago, 63, 298, '308 Universe Chicago, 92, 94, 9S Universitates, Index Chicago, 79 Unterhaltungsblatt Freeport, 181 Unterhaltungs-Blaiter, West- LICHE Chicago, 69, 88 Upholsterer and Carpet Reporter, American Cabinet Maker Chicago, 100 Upper Mississippian Rock Island, 302 Vacuna, Sunday Chicago, 70 Vakt, Zion's Chicago, 119 Vaktaeen Chicago, 82 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 523 Valley Blade Paris, 274 Valley Blade, Prairie Beacon. AND Paris, 274 Valley Clarion Chester, 52 Valley Register, Illinois Winchester, 357 Valley Watchman Chicago, 58 Vandalia Whig And Illinois Intelligencer Vandalia, 341 Vandalian Vandalia, 343 Vanderer, Leedle Chicago, 102 Vannen, Missions Chicago, 123 Vannen, Skol Rock Island, 304 Vannen, Ungdoms Chicago, 109 Rock Island, 304 Varieties, Literary Chicago, 117 Vart Nya Hem Chicago, 119 Vennen, Folke- Chicago, 146 Verdens Gang Chicago, 144 Verlden, Nya Chicago, 88, 108 Vermillion Chronicle, North Hoopeston, 201 Vermillion County Press Danville, 155 Vermillion News ComeUville, 153 Vestnik, Chtcagsky Chicago, 119 Vidette Aurora, 16 Evanston, 174 La Rose, 218 Orion, 270 Oswego, 270 Village Echo Thomson, 334 Vindicator Carlyle, 43 Clinton, 152 Vindicator, Catholic Chicago, IIS Visiter, Lake County Little Fort, Ixxv, n., 227 Waukegan, 352 Visitor Richmond, 296 Visitor, Home Chicago, 75 Visitor, Saturday Champaign, 48 Visitor, Woodford County Metamora, 241 Voice op Illinois Alton, 6 Voice or Masonry Chicago, 80 Voice of the Fair Chicago, 8s Voice of the People Chicago, S3 Louisville, 228 Peoria, 279 Voice of Truth Winchester, 3S7 VOLANTE Chicago, 113 VoLKS, Stimme Des Chicago, 77 VOLKSBLATT, Belleville, 22, 23 Carlinville, 42 Effinghaid, 170 Joliet, 134 La Salle, 219 Lincoln, 224, 22s Quincy, 293 VoLKSBLATT, ILLINOIS Decatur, is8 Nashville, 260 VOLKSBLATT-RUNDSCHAU Lincoln, 224 VOLKSFEEUND Aurora, is Chicago, S7, i44 Galena, 184 VOLKSFREUND, COMMERCIAL AND Peru, 282 524 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS VOLKSrREUND, ILLINOIS Lincoln, 224 VOLKSZEITUNG, Du PAGE CODNTY Naperville, 258 Volks-Zeithng Chicago, I2S, 137 Moline, 304 Volks-Zeitung, Chicagoer Chicago, 138 Volks-Zettung, Deutsche Bloomington, 30 Volks-Zeitung, Illinois Chicago, 102 Volks-Zeitung, Neue Rock Island, 304 Volunteer Chicago, 80 Havana, 197 VORBOTE Chicago, I2S, 130 VORWARTS Alton, 7 Voter Havana, 197 Vox Humana Chicago, 119 Vox Populi McLeansboro, 230 Wabash Advocate, Sentinel and Mt. Carmel, 250 Wabash Democrat Mt. Carmel, 251 Wabash Republicak Mt. Carmel, 250 Wabash Sentinel Hutsonville, 201 Wabash Valley Republican Paris, 274 Wabash Valley Times Paris, 274 Wachter am Illinois, Der Pekin, 277 War Democrat Fairfield, 176 War Eagle Cairo, 36 Waterloo, 350 Warte, Deutsche Chicago, 135 Washington County Gazette Ashley, 12 Washington County Herald Nashville, 259 Washington County Zeitung Nashville, 260 Washingtonian Chicago, 133 Washingtonian, Illinois Springfield, 323 Washingtonian, Missouri and Ill- inois Temperance Herald and Alton, s Wasp Nauvoo, 260 Watch Chicago, 133 Watch, Lakeside Chicago, 147 Watch Tower Plainfield, 285 Vermont, 344 Watchmaker and Metal Worker Chicago, 125 Watchmakers' Magazine Chicago, 113 Watchman Chicago, 129 Elgin, 171 Galva, 186 La Salle, 219 Watchman and Evangelist Louisville, Kentucky, 7 Watchman, Democratic Newton, 263 Watchman, Independent Mt. Morris, 252 Watchman, Little Bloomington, 31 Chicago, 102 Watchman oe the Prairies Chicago, 61 Watchman, Perry County Tamaroa, 327, 332 Watchman, Temperance Alton, 8 Watchman, Valley Chicago, 58 Watchman, Western Rock Spring, 305 Water Cure Journal Galesburg, 186 Wayne County Central Jeffersonville, 206 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 525 Wayne County Pkess Fairfidd, 176 Wayne County Republican Fairfield, 177 Wecko Posten, Nya Chicago, 13s Weekly Aurora, 15 Clifton, 151 Dundee, 163 Odell, 26s Port Byron, 2S8 Weekly Bulletin, Real Estate Joubnal and Chicago, 143 Weekly, Chicago Dollar Chicago, 63 Weekly Magazine Chicago, 114 Weekly Merchant Chicago, go Weekly Price Cureent, Mercan- tile Journal and Chicago, 108 Wells' Commerciai. Express and Western Produce Reporter Chicago, 72 Wells' Marine Register Chicago, 77 Wesleyan Seminary Reporter Rockford, 2gg Wesleyana Bloomington, 30 WESPEN, CmCAGOEE Chicago, i2g West Chicago Chicago, 105 West Chicago Banner Chicago, gg West End Advocate Chicago, 105 West End Kerana Keithsburg, 214 West, Free Chicago, 55, 64 West, Garland or the Chicago, 57 West, Great Chicago, 8g West, Olive Branch of the Chicago, 67 West, Spirit of the Naples, 258 West, Star of the Edwardsville, xxviii, 166 Geneseo, 188 La Harpe, 217 Sparta, 320 Westen, Der Chicago, 62, 106, 107, 125 Westen und Daheim Chicago, 62, 106, 107, 125 Westens, Dee Chronik des Rock Island, 304 Westens, Stern des Quincy, 2gi Western Advance Bloomington, 31 Western Age Chicago, I2g Western Agriculturist Quincy, 2g3 Western Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal Chicago, g4 Quincy, 2g3 Western Banner Chicago, 75 Rockford, 302 Western Banner, Youth's Chicago, 67 Western Baptist, Pioneer and Rock Spring, 305 Western Beacon Chicago, I2g Western Book Seller Chicago, g4 Western Brewer Chicago, 133 Western Brewer and Jouelnal of THE Barley, Hop, And Malt Trade Chicago, 133 Western Catholic Chicago, g4 Western Christian Elgin, Ixxv, n., 170 Western Churchman Chicago, 77 Western Citizen Chicago, Ixxv, n., 55, 61, 64, 22g Rock Island, 303 S26 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Western CLoiraNG, Furnishing AND Hat Reporter Chicago, 148 Western College Magazine Chicago, 148 Western Confectioner and Baker Chicago, 148 Western Crusader Chicago, 69 Westerns" Cumberland Presby- terian Alton, 8 Western Democrat Kaskaskia, 212 Western Druggist Chicago,' 93, 149 Western Educational Journal Chicago, 149 Western Emigrants' Magazine and Historian of Times in THE West Carthage, 45 Western Enterprise Chicago, 71, 144 Western Evangelist Greenville, 194 Rockwell, 305 Western Family Monitor Marion, 233 Western Farm Journal Chicago, 68 Western Farmer Chicago, 63 Dixon, 162 Western Freeman Galesburg, Ixxv, n., 185 Western Furniture Trade Chicago, 121 Western Garland Chicago, 69 Western Globe Lawrenceville, 220 Western, Great Belleville, 21 Western Guide, Horner's Chi- cago AND Chicago, 67 Western Herald Chicago, 58, 60 Western Home Chicago, 95 Western Intelligencer Kaskaskia, xxviii, 212 Western Journal of Education Chicago, 118 Western Journal of Music Chicago, 71 Western Jurist Bloomington, 31 Western Leader Springfield, 324 Western Light Macomb, 231 Western (Literary?) Magazine Chicago, 57 Western Live Stock Journal East St. Louis, 166 Western Magazine Chicago, 114, 149 Western Magazine, Lady's Chicago, 62 Western Manufacturer Chicago, 125 Western Merchants' Price Cur- rent Chicago, 78 Western Merchants' Price Cur- rent AND Manufacturers' Record Chicago, 78 Western Mercury Geneva, Ixxv, n., 188 St. Charles, 308 Western Miner Braid wood, 32 Western Mirror Rockford, 300 Western Monthly Chicago, 99 Western Monthly Magazine Vandalia, 341 Western News Belleville, 20 Western Observer Jacksonville, liii, 202 Western Odd Fellow Chicago, 90 Western Paper Trade Chicago, 129 Western Pathfinder Chicago, 68 Western Photographic News Chicago, 125 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 527 Western Pioneer Alton, 4 Western Pioneer and Baptist Standard Bearer Alton, 4, 30s Western Ploughboy Edwardsville, 167 Western Postal Record Chicago, 95 Western Postal Review Dwight, 164 Western Prairie Farmer, Union Agricultdeist and Chicago, S3 Western Produce Reporter, Wells' Commercial Express AND Chicago, 72 Western Pulpit Chicago, 88 Western Railkoad Gazette Chicago, 72 Western Rural Chicago, 80, 140 Western Rural and American Stockman Chicago, 80 Western Rural and Family Weekly Paper Chicago, 80 Western ScrENTiFic Journal Peoria, z8i Western Shoe and Leather Re- view Chicago, 138 Western Soldiers' Friend Chicago, 89 Western Spirit and Wine Trade Chicago, 78 Western Sporting TniES Chicago, 119 Western Spy Mt. SterUng, 253 Western Star Jacksonville, 204 Western Stationer and Printer Chicago, 149 Western Sunday Review Chicago, 100 Western Tablet Chicago, 64 Western Telegraph Canton, 39 Western Temperance Advocate Chicago, 85 Western Trade and Export Journal Chicago, 129 Western Trade Journal Chicago, 129 Western Traveler Chicago, 134 Western Undertaker Chicago, 149 Western Unionist Winchester, 357 Western Voice and Internal Improvement Journal Shawneetown, 315 Western Watchman Rock Spring, 305 Western Weekly Mirror Edwardsville, 167 Western Whig Bloomington, 28 Western World Warsaw, 348 Western World and De Kalb Review De Kalb, 160 Westliche Odd Fellow Chicago, 105 Westliche Presse Quincy, 292, 293, 294 Westliche Schutze und Jagd Zeit- UNG Chicago, 144 Westliche Unterhaltungs-Blat- ter Chicago, 69, 88 What Next Chicago, 113 Whig Quincy, hx, kxiv, Ixxvii, 291 Rushville, 307 Vandaha, 341 Whig and Illinois Intelligencer, Vandalia Vandaha, 341 Whig, Free Press and Illinois Vandalia, 342 S28 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Whig, Illinois Adler und Demo- ceatischer Springfield, 323 Whig Republican Quincy, 291 Whig, Tazewell Tremont, 336 Whig, Western Bloomington, 28 Whip and Spur Decatur, 159 Whisper, Daily Dixon, Ixx, 162 White County Advocate Canni, 44, 192 White County News Carmi, 44 Whiteside Chronicle Sterling, 328 Whiteside County Argus Sterling, 328 Whiteside Democrat Fulton, 182 Whiteside Herald Morrison, 248 Whiteside Investigator Fulton, 181 Whiteside Sentinel Morrison, 248 Whiteside Times Rock Falls, 248, 298 Sterling, 328 Wild Edgerton's Weekly Ever- green Chicago, 134 Will County Commercial Ad- vertiser Lockport, 227 Will County Courier Joliet, 208 Will County Telegraph Lockport, 227 Williamson County Advocate Marion, 234 Williamson County Democrat Marion, 234 Williamson County Progress Marion, 234 Wilson's Reflector Chicago, 119 Wilson's Weekly Roseville, 306 Wine and Spirit Review Chicago, 78 Wine Trade, Western Spirit and Chicago, 78 Wine Trade Review, American Spirit and Chicago, 78 Winnebago Chief Rockford, 301 Winnebago County Advertiser Durand, 164 Winnebago County Chief Rockford, 301 Winnebago Forum Rockford, 298 Witness Chicago, 144 Witness, Christian Times and Chicago, 61 Wochenblatt Beardstown, 20 Joliet, 208 Mascoutah, 237 Quincy, 292 Wochenblatt, Central Illinois Ottawa, 271 Wochenblatt fiir Mascoutah und Umgegend Mascoutah, 237 Wochenblatt, Katholisches Chicago, 76 Wochenblatt, Staats Springfield, 325, 326 Woodford County Argus Metamora, 241 Woodford County Visitor Metamora, 241 Woodford Journal Eureka, 174 Woodford Sentinel Metamora, 241, 349 Words for Jesus Rockford, 301 Words of Life Chicago, 134 Work, Our Sparta, 321 Workers' Lamp Chicago, 119 Working People, American Chicago, 114 INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 529 Workingman's Advocate Chicago, 80 Workman Moline, 244 Workman, Illinois Master Canton, 40 Workman, True Flora, 179 Workman's Advocate, Miner and Belleville, 24 World, Amusement Chicago, 139 World and Commercial Adver- tiser, Industrial Chicago, 115 World and De Kalb Review, Western De Kalb, 160 World and Iron Worker, Indus- trial Chicago, IIS World, Child's Chicago, 106 World, Hotel Chicago, 126 World Magazine Chicago, 105 World, Metal Chicago, 123 World, New Chicago, 79 World, St. Louis Railway East St. Louis, 165 World, School Chicago, 128 World, Sunday School Chicago, 104 World, Western Warsaw, 348 X. Y. L. N. T. Journal Chicago, 144 Yellow Jacket Palestine, 272 Yeoman Morris, 247 Yeoman and Railroad Journal, Fayette Vandalia, 343 Yeoman, Johnson County Vienna, 344 Young Advocate Batavia, 18 Young America Chicago, 65, 113 Urbana, 339 Young American Democrat Nashville, 259 Young Catholic's Friend Chicago, 86 Young Chicago Chicago, 113 Young Folks' Monthly Chicago, los Young Folks, Picture Gallery FOR Chicago, 142 Young Folks' Rural Chicago, 105 Young Folks Weekly Chicago, 138 Young Hero Chicago, 109 Young Industry Chicago, 113 Young Men's Christian Associa- tion Herald Springfield, 326 Young Messenger Chicago, 109 Young Pilot Chicago, los Young Reaper Chicago, 100 Youth, Literary Chicago, 112 Youth, Our Chicago, 105, 109 Youth's Cabinet Chicago, 109 Youth's Evangelist and Little Preacher Chicago, 149 Youths' Gazette Chicago, ss Youth's Paper, Every Chicago, 13s Youth's Reporter Chicago, 113 Youth's Western Banner Chicago, 67 S30 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Zange, Kneip Chicago, III Zeichen dee Zeit Chicago, loo Zeitgeist Chicago, 73 Zeit, Neue Chicago, 137 Zeit, Zeichen der Chicago, 100 Zeitung Belleville, Ixx, Ixxix, ci, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 Cairo, 36 Carlyle, 43 Chicago, 69 Decatur, 158 Springfield, 325 Zeitung, Abend Chicago, 69 Zeitung, Arbeiter- Chicago, 125, 130, 146 Zeitung, Belletristische Chicago, 69, 86 Zeitung, Chicagoer Arbeiter- Chicago, 125 Zeitung, Chicagoer Handels- Chicago, 126 Zeitung, Chicagoer Volks- Chicago, 138 Zeitung, Conditor, Koch, und Baecker Chicago, 139 Zeitung, Deutsche Alton, 7 Danville, 156 Galena, 184 Peoria, 279 Zeitung, Du Page County Wheaton, 355 Zeitung, Handels und Industrie Chicago, 122 Zeitung, Highland Bote und Schuetzen- Highland, 199 Zeitung, Illinois Staats- Chicago, Ixxv, n. Ixxvii, 125 Zeitung, Neue Volks- Rock Island, 304 Zeitung, Plattdeutsche Chicago, 143 Zeitung, Randolph County Chester, 52 Zeitung, Sonntags Peoria, 281 Zeitung, Sued Illinois Carlyle, 44 Zeitung und Stern Belleville, 22 Zeitung, Volks- Chicago, 125, 137 Moliue, 304 Zeitung, Washington County Nashville, 269 Zeitung, Westliche Schutze und Jagd Chicago, 144 Zion's Baner Chicago, 134 Galesburg, 186 Knoxville, 216 Zion's Hope Piano, 285 Zion's Vakt Chicago, 119 INDEX TO NAMES INDEX TO NAMES Abbott, 144, 342, 350 Abbott, H. M., 51 Abbott, J. S., 297 Abbott, Jeremiah, 166 Abbott, M. H., 194, 284, 285 Abbott, M. J., 248, 3S3 Abbott, Nelson, 221 Abernathy, R. James, 245 Able, Alida V., 171 Abrahamson, Reverend L. G., 114, 303 Ackerman, A., 40, 250 Ackerman, Edward S., 250 Adair, John M., 218, 251 Adams, 83, 84, 94, 97 Adams, A. J., 155 Adams, Charles Francis, 292 Adams, George B., 248 Adams, George M., 31, 326 Adams, Granger, 68 Adams, H. W., 332 Adams, J. A., 89 Adams, J. C, 91 Adams, J. Henry, 10 Adams, Joe R., 328 Adams, John Quincy, 340 Adams, N. T., 297 Adams, O. M., 3 Addis, Robert D., 31 Addis, William H., rs7, 158, 159, 173, 243 Agney, W. S., 181 Ahnberg, L., 185 Aiken, Andrew J., 108 Aitken, J. F., 89 Albee, 287 Albright, 252 Aldrich, Orlando W., 31 Alden, A. J., 10, 163, 164, 170, 191, 229, 249, 2SS, 264, 329, 344 Alden, John B., 95, 113 Alden, Roy, 284 Alden, W. G., 17, 272 Alexander, E. J. C., 200, 226 Alexander, George, 131 Alexander, J. T., 194 Alexander, Q. C, 342 Allahan, Doctor J. C, 287 Allard, H. C, 19, 346, 347 AUard, L. S., 346 Allen, 174 Allen, A. J., 262 Allen, C. C, 252 Allen, Charles, 161, 312 Allen, Henry C, i Allen, Henry E., 13 Allen, Doctor J. Adams, 56, S7, 68, 80 Allen, J. M., 188 Allen, Joshua, 216 Allen, R. C, 190 Allen, T. A., 156 Allen, T. J., 154 Alles, Fred L., 288, 320 AUin, James, 27 Allison, 261 Allison, F. A., 332 Allison, Joseph F., 251 AUnut, 284 AUport, Doctor W. W., 80 Altgeld, Governor, 130 Althorp, Thomas, 117 Altizer, Will, 178 Amass, George, $3 Ambrose, D. Leib, 224, 358 Ames, 265 Amman, General Jacob, Ixxxiv, n. Anderson, 152, 153 Anderson, A. M., 12, 256, 329, 358 533 S34 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Anderson, Reverend C, i86, 216 Anderson, E., 87 Anderson, E. W., 168, 334 Anderson, Frank, 88 Anderson, George L., 331 Anderson, J. A., 223 Anderson, J. B., 194, 259 Anderson, J. J., 259, 260 Anderson, James L., 307 Anderson, John, 87 Anderson, Joseph, 346 Anderson, Joseph B., 259 Anderson, Nels, 138 Anderson, W. H., 177 Anderson, W. J., 171 Anderson, William B., 255 Andrews, 239 Andrews, A., 280 Andrews, A. H., 196 Andrews, B. B., 338 Andrews, Reverend E. N., 91 Andrews, Frank, 150 Andrews, H. B., 220 Andrews, J. L., 240 Andrews, K. C, 290 Andrews, L. M., 159, 240 Andrews, Lindley M., 160 Andrews, Roy W., 242 Andrews, S. F., 236 Andrus, D. A. K.., 301, 302 Andrus, W. D. E., 301 Angevine, J., 167 Angier, A. W., 153, 168 Angier, T. S., 168 Angleroth, C, 22 Ankeny, R. V., 180 Ankney, Tomlinson, 252 Anman, Howard C, 221 Ansell, Albert G., 195 Aplington, Zenas, 286 Apperson, J. A., 228 Applegate, L. W., 227 Archer, Charles, 189, 309 Arenz, Francis, 18 Aiford, Fremont, no, 129 Arford, Vera K., no Arford, Virginia M., no Argust, 19s Armour, S. A., 320 Armour, William J., 52, 296, 320 Armstrong, 331 Armstrong, A., 96 Armstrong, George, 337 Armstrong, George B., 137 Armstrong, G. W., 178 Armstrong, J. S., 278 Arnold, 331, 332 Arnold, Isaac N., Ixxxiii, Ixxxv, n., 66 Arnold, T. B., 16, 331, 332 Arnold, W. L., 215, 311 Amy, W. F. N., 29 Arosenius, 185 Arste, F., 219 Arthur, J. C, 130 Arthur, O. P., 2 Artz, Doctor William F., 25 Ash, George O., 163 Ash, J. F., 221 Ashbaugh, H. C., 250 Ashley, 89 Ashton, 246, 324 Ashton, Andrew J., 247, 307 Ashton, Francis, 154 Ashton, S., 81 Aspinwall, 181 Aten, 294 Atherton, Benson T., 176 Atherton, L. W., 162 Atkins, H. J., 204 Atkins, Smith D., 180, 252, 312 Atkinson, J. B., 210 Atwood, C. G., 252 Auerswald, George, 24, 237, 262 Augustus, Edward, 58 Austin, E. D., 359 Austin, F. O., 286 Austin, H., 210 Avery, George, 270 Avery, John A., 353 INDEX TO NAMES S3S Avery, Julius, 270 Avey, J. L., 11 Axton, 23s Ayers, J. G., 38, 187 Ayers, Jason C, 162 Ayers, U. M., 186 Babbitt, Ellen C, 75 Babcock, A. C, 85 Babcock, H. D., 185 Babcock, J. B., 233 Babcock, Louis M., 267 Bachtelle, W. B., 313 Back, A. J., 151 Backus, 267 Backus, George B., 250 Badger, J. S., i Bagby, John S., 308 Bagg, 180 Bagley, M. M., 243 Bagley, Walter, 45 Bahm, J. M., 313 Bailhache, 291, 324 Bailhache, John, Ixvii, 4 Bailhache, William H., 4, 321 Bsuley, 3, 185, 353 Bailey, Reverend A., 204 Bailey, Alvin, 357 Bailey, Bernard, 276 Bailey, H. U., 289 Bailey, J. M., 180 Bailey, J. C. W., 78, 80, 87, 92, loi Bailey, J. R., 205, 253 Bailey, John W., 289 Bailey, Louis, 16 Bailey, S. G., 4 Bailey, Thomas, 38 Bailey, Wesley, 47 Bally, 279 Bain, M. R., 296, 355 Baird, George O., 237 Baker, 78, 113, 252, 256, 324 Baker, C. M., 232 Baker, D. P., 16, 332 Baker, Delphine P., 79 Baker, E. L., 4 Baker, Edward, 250 Baker, Edward L., 321 Baker, Erwin, 201 Baker, I. S., 104 Baker, Jehu, 20 Baker, P. W., 51 Baker, Peter, 24 Baker, Peter W., 213, 259, 295, 351 Baker, William, 79 Balch, C. H., 207 Balch, J. J., 187 Baldwin, 235, 281 Baldwin, E. F., 26, 173, 228, 262, 281, 344 Baldwin, Reverend Theron, Ixiii Ball, Reverend G. H., 106 Ballance, G. W., 344 Ballantyne, 56 Ballantyne, James F., 63, 85 Ballard, C. R., 262 Ballard, Mrs. Fannie I., 350 Ballard, W. A., 163, 330 Ballenger, Richard, 353 Ballentine, 2 Ballentyne, John F., 144 Ballinger, J. A., 17 BalUnger, R. H., 210, 345 Ballou, L., 150 Balmer, J. R., 67 Balshe, E. P., 293 Balsley, J. C, 358 Bancroft, C. A., 180 Bandy, W. M., 156 Bangs, C. L., 200, 226 Bangs, E. T., 200 Bangs, George S., 14, 15, 132 Bankson, 330 Bannister, H. M., 123 Barbee, M. C., 177 Barber, 236 Barber, D. C., 332 Barber, Lemuel Newton, 286 Barbour, Willis G., 276 Barden, H., 204 Bardwell, A. C., 162 536 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Barker, A. M., 345 Barkley, D. W., 176, 177 Barkley, James, 43 Barkley, O. F., 176 Barlow, A. R., 247 Barnard, 117, 245 Barnard, Charles, 119 Barnard, E. B., 266 Barnes, 71, 242, 257, 311 Barnes, C. R., 130, 131 Barnes, Jacob B., 173, 281 Barnes, L. B., 354 Barnes, General M. S., 185, 244, 304 Barnes, Myron S., 252 Barnes, Reverend Seth, 55, 298, 308 Barnes, W. H., 313 Barnes, W. Bennett, 185 Barnet, 56 Barnett, 96 Barnett, Ferdinand L., 139 Barney, Charles E., 117 Barnhart, James, 282 Bamhill, John B., 228 Barnsback, Henry C, 168 Barnum, J. S., 290, 318 Barr, James S., Jr., 27 Barrett, 254 Barrett, A. B., 255 Barrett, P. K., 217 Barrett, K. T., 219 Barrows, W. F., 302 Barry, David, 94 Barter H. L., 288 Barthene, 100 Bartholomew, John W., 33 Bartlett, Edgar E., 299, 302 Bartlett, N. Gray, 93 Bartlett, O. F., 63 Bartlett, S. M., 183, 291 Barton, 181 Barton, George, 335 Barton, John H., 10, 36, 37, 40, 41 Barzynski, John, r22 Bascom, Charles P., 289 Bascom, J. H., loi Bash, Mrs. D. N., 142 Bashor, S. H., 218 Baskett, 224 Bassett, 89, 107, 175 Bassett, A. A., 219 Bassett, C, 214 Bassett, Charles K., i Bassett, Charles N., 286 Bassett, Chauncey, 214, 215 Bassett, J. J., 160 Bassett, M. H., 11, 211, 239 Bassett, Orville P., 328, 331 Bastion, A. W., 182 Batchelor, George, 126 Bateman, Newton, 131, 280 Bates, B. B., 178 Bates, George B., 130 Bates, George W., 176 Bates, Joseph B., 28, 225 Bates, Milton A., 3, 26, 234, 247, 318, 329, 334 Bates, Morgan, 130 Bates, William H., 277 Batterton, Ira A., 223 Bauer, 261 Baugh, 90 Baugh, Joe V., 177, 255, 256 Baugher, Nesbit, 183 Bauman, 262 Baumert, 261 Baxter, T. L., 284 Bayless, J. P., 226 Bayless, Solomon D., 81 Bayliss, Alfred, 328 Bayliss, John H., 27 Bayne, W. H., 158 Beach, James S., 55 Beach, R. E., 343 Beall, Asa, 187 Beall, Fred, 187 Bean, Edward, 75 Bean, J. M., 313 Bean, W. W., 329 Beard, Edwin, 352 Beard, Ellen, 15 INDEX TO NAMES S37 Beardsley, B. J., 290 Beatty, 6, 216 Beatty, Guy, i6i Beatty, J. M., 347 Beatty, Justin V., 265 Beatty, W. A., 3 Beatty, Z., 186, 351 Beatty, Zacheus, 242 Beauprf, Eben F., 16 Beck, 240, 266, 272 Beck, Charles W., 44 Beck, F. J., 272 Beck, James, 266 Beck, Richard, 250 Beck, W. F., 267 Beck, William M., 266 Beckel, H. A., 145 Becker, 68, 69 Becker, Frederick, 88 Becker, Fritz, 69 Becker, John, 49 Becket, 183 Beckford, Isaac B., 154 Beckwith, 161 Beckwith, Milan S., 157, 272 Bedell, E. A., 349 Beder, S., 92 Beebe, H. S., 282 Beeler, Frank A., 25 2 Beem, John T., 4, 7, 163 Beem, William H., 317 Beer, William E., 117 Beers, N. B., 346 Begun, B. B., 296 Beinder, H., 61 Beiser, E. F., 259 Bell, 150, 217, 319 Bell, Andrew J., 132, 344 Bell, Harry E., 356 Bell, Jesse W., Jr., 286 Bell, Robert, 250 Bell, Victor B., 250 Bellinghausen, W., 69, 88 Belghradsky, T. B., 92 Belvel, 188 Bender, H., 107 Bengston, J. C, 303 Bennet, E. C, 344 Bennet, R. J., 117 Bennett, 235 Bennett, A. B., 163 Bennett, Alonzo, 163 Bennett, E. I., 285 Bennett, E. J., 285 Bennett, F. O., 302 Bennett, Francis R., 303 Bennett, Frank, 235 Bennett, G. L., 179, 269 Bennett, James Gordon, xc Bennett, John I., 187 Bennett, Norman, 236 Bennett, S. F., 296 Bennett, W. B., 20 Bennett, W. S., 283 Benson, 87. Benson, F. H., 69 Bent, Charles, 248 Bent, Charles, Jr., 248 Bently, W. F., 327 Berdine, D. H., 356 Bereman, H. A., 78 Bergh, H. P., 103, 122 Bernhardt, T. F., 158 Berry, 164 Berry, Elijah C, 212, 340 Berry, Jesse N., 39 Berry, William, xlvii, 340 Besore, G. W., 251 Betts, Charles, 74 Beveridge, J. H., 331 Beviall, M. G., 43, 310 Beviall, Mrs. M. G., 310 Bevirt, 23 Bickford, (Beckford ?) Isaac B., 35, 179 Bideman, 39 Biddle, Nicholas, xlii, n. 29, u. 30 Biddlecome, 150 Biddlecome, Benjamin, 26, 229, 237 Biddlecome, J. W., 156 Bierer, F. C, 256 S38 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Bierer, George C, 256 Bigelow, Horace, 2, 268 Biggert, 327 Biggs, 268 Bigler, John, 253 Billings, Reverend James, 81 Billings, W., 120 Billmire, 222 Binder, 79 Bintliff, Edward H., 249, 250 Binz, 237 Birce, J. M., 12 Bird, Rhenodyne A., 299 Birdsall, D. B., 257 Birdsall, G. D. B., 213 Birdsall, J. A. J., 2, 206, 213, 355 Birkbeck, Morris, xxxv, xxxvi, xlii, n, xliii, xlv, 341 Birney, W. H. G., 198 Bischof, Emil, 137 Bischof, Theo, 261, 349 BischofiE, Joseph, 172 Bishop, Charles N., 98, 146 Bishop, H. B., 274 Bishop, Jesse, 233 Bishop, L. D., 214 Bishop, W. W., so, 211, 316 Bissell, 281, 315 Bixler, Josiah, 200 Black, 171, 192 Black, George N., 326 Black, James B., 31 Black, Willis B., 171 Blacker, 97 Blackford, 47, 155 Blackford, A. J., 151 Blackford, Jason, 152 Blackford, John R., 151 Blackman, 214 Blackmer, 83, 84, 94 Blackwell, Doctor C. R., 81 Blackwell, David, xli, xlvii, xlvii, n, xlviii, 340 Blackwell, Robert, xlvii, 211, 211, n, I, 340 Blades, Franklin, 351 Blair, George W., 353 Blaisdell, C. W., 348 Blaisdell, E. W., Ixxvii Blaisdell, E. W., Jr., 298 Blaisdell, Elija O. W., 298 Blaisdell, Richard P., 298 Blake, 80, 196 Blake, James V., 142 Blakely, C. H., 84 Blakely, David, 84 Blakely, George E., 124, 127 Blanchard, H. S., 46 Blanchard, Reverend J., 92 Blanchard, Rufus, 74 Bland, Mrs. M. Cora, 96 Bland, S. Z., 261 Bland, Doctor T. A., 118 Blandin, C. W., 308 Blaney, Doctor James V. Z., 56 Blenkner, Theodore, 258 Bliss, C. P., 200 Bliss, C. W., 200 Bliss, Edward, 72 Blinn, Odelia, no Blocher, John, 180 Block, D. J., 158 Blocki, W. F., 93 Blodgett, H. W., 227 Blome, F. L., 327 Blood, H. G., 234 Bloodgood, H. F., 311, 313, 319, 351 Bloomfield, 193 Bloomington, Herbert W., 117 Bloomington, J. S., 117 Bloyer, 2 Blumenthal, Charles E., 139 Boardman, I. S., 161, 162 Boardman, S., 73 Boardman, W. H., 106 Bocquet, 238 Bode, 69 Boelitz, R., 8 Boeschenstein, Charles, 168 Bogan, John S., 254 INDEX TO NAMES 539 Bohman, 123 Bohman, G. A., 74. Bohn, C. H., 126 Bohn, H. J., 126 Bohn, John J., 127 Boies, Edward I., 331 Boies, H. L., 331 Boles, William H., 233 Boll, William, 194 Bollam, M., 197 BoUes, W. A., 270 Bond, Benjamin, 35, 42, 43 Bond, Colonel J. R. S., 240 Bond, Shadrach, 314 Boudurant, George N., 350 Bone, James, 263 Bonggren, Jacob, 138 Bonham, F. M., 295 Bonham, Jeriah, 91 Bonnell, Charles E., 137 Bonney, C. C, 219 Bookwalter, A., 239 Boone, X«vi D., 60 Booth, A. J., 182, 298 Booth, G. J., 248 Borland, M. W., 93 Bomman, Henry, 294 Boss, Henry R., 128, 286 Bostwick, C. B., 238, 239 Bosworth, H. C, 193 Botsford, E. M., 299 Botsford, R. N., 309 Bouton, H. C, 10 Bouton, T. F., 209, 257 Bovard, 50, 51, 223, 355 Bovard, C. W., 194 Bovard, M. F., 194, 235 Bovard, R. E., 194 Bowen, 116, 169, 224 Bowen, B. Frank, 164, 232 Bowen, Charles, 59 Bowen, E. R., 69 Bowen, J. E., 163, 164 Bowie, James, 188, 244 Bowman, 254 Bowman, Albert H., 2, 174 Bowman, Eliza W., 75 Bowman, John B., 165 Boyakin, W. F., 23 Boyce, W. D., in Boyd, A. C, 161 Boyd, B. F., 200 Boyd, Frank, 187 Boyd, H. A., 46 Boyd, James H., 162 Boyd, James L., 20 Boyd, James P., 156 Boyd, John, 284 Boyd, M., 262 Boyd, Tom, 187 Boyer, Eli, 266 Boyle, 281, 282 Boyles, J. Ward, 132, 145, 146 Boynton, Charles, 219, 327 Brace, Henry Clay, 129 Brackett, A. J., 303 Brackett, Charles E., 121 Brackett, William S., 280 Brackett, William W., 53, 54 Bradbury, R. R., 360 Bradbury, Dewitt H., 353 Bradbury, Samuel I., 353 Bradbury, Thomas, 59 Braden, Joseph L., 208 Bradley, 240 Bradley, A. F., 119 Bradley, L. M., 250 Bradsby, 37 Bradsby, Henry C, 36, 157, 169 Bradshaw, Charles, 45 Bradwell, J. B., 97 Bradwell, Myra, 97 Brady, J. C, 169 Brag, 180 Bragdon, Charles D., 34, 73 Braham, George, 132 Brainard, Daniel, 56 Brainard, W. H. H., 15 Brainerd, 139 Brand, Horace L., 62, 107 S40 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL£COLLECTIONS Brand, H. R., 107 Brandt, Carl, 22 Brandecker, Franz Xavier, 76 Brawley, 180 Brayton, 252 Breath, Edward, 3, 6 Breed, Dwight B., 180 Breeden, L. C, 222 Breen, Charles F., 220 Breese, Sidney, xxxiv, 24, 166, n. j, 212, 213, 315 Bremer, Charles, 325 Brenckle, F. W., 142 Brennan, 87 Brennan, C. H., 244 Brent, James, 157 Brentano, Lorenz, 62 Brevoort, J. H., 62, 308 Brewer, 295 Brewer, D. L., 220 Brewster, 115 Brewster, George, Ixxxvi, 14, 238, 310 Brey, Joseph E., 284 Brickey, John, 295 Brickey, William, 295 Brickley, 24 Brickley, R. B., 163 Bridges, E. T., 219 Briggs, 28, 336 Briggs, A. W., 13 Briggs, E. H., 142 Briggs, Ernest L., 124 Briggs, F. J., 28 Briggs, Lafayette, 345, 346 Briggs, O. W., 27s Briggs, S. A., 104, 112 Bright, 181 Brimhall, Elmer, 351 Brinkerhoff, J. H. G., 237 Bristol, 184 Bristol, C. A., 240 Bristol, W. N., 210 Broberg, Gustav C, 88 Brock, William T., 7 Brock, W. J., 210 Brockman, Eugene C, 254 Brockway, J. Nelson, 25 Eromwell, H. P. H., 343 Bronson, Eugene J., 9, 34 Brooke, H. M., 46 Brookman, A. C, 249 Brooks, 283 Brooks, Austin, 251, 291, 294 Brooks, D. C, 93 Brooks, Edward P., 130, 280 Brooks, Frank H., 135 Brooks, John P. 31 Brooks, John S., 39 Brooks, Martin, 7, 254 Brooks, McHenry, 50 Brooks, Noah, 162 Brooks, Samuel S., Ix, Ixiii, Ixvii, 6, 35, 36, 166, 167, 203, 222, 254, 322, 323 Bross, B. F., 87 Bross, William, Ixxii, 58, 60, 63 Brower, Daniel R., 57 Brown, 50, 179, 195, 238, 263, 285, 334 Brown, A. F., 330 Brown, Ansel L., 169 Brown, Arthur G., 245 Brown, Asa B., 55 Brown, B., 345 Brown, Beriah, 183 Brown, C. D., 234 Brown, C. E., 333 Brown, George P., 30 Brown, George T., 7 Brown, Mrs. H. F. M., 90 Brown, Doctor J. A., 179 Brown, James B., 183 Brown, James R., 167, 168 Brown, John A., 159, 298 Brown, John W., 80, 113, 119 Brown, Reverend J. R., 8 Brown, R. F., 176, 177, 351 Brown, Richard H., 234, 251 Brown, R. L., 230 Brown, Reverend S. H., 150 Brown, Doctor S. Turner, 255 INDEX TO NAMES S4I Brown, S. W., 185 Brown, W. C, 27, 154, 204, 214 Brown, William H., xlvii, 340 Brown, W. R., 234 Brown, W. W., 7 Browne, Francis Fisher, 99, 114 Browne, J. Stanley, 301 Brownlee, 181 Brownlee, A. M., 26, 347 Brucker, 125 Brundage, J. H., 353 Bruer, C. R., 288 Bruce, S. C, 244 Brus, William J., 281 Brush, General D. H., 40 Bryant, no, 179, 283 Bryant, De Witt, 222 Bryant, H. B., 89 Bryant, John H., 289 Bryant, William CuUen, 289 Bryant, William E., 156 Bryan, E. S., 246 Buchanan, James, 258, 315, 327 Buchanan, J. S., 3 Buchanan, Oihniel, 194 Buck, C. F., 246 Buck, E. B., 29, 41, 50, 210, 211 Buck, E. N., 157 Buckle, H. W., 247 Bucklin, George, 248 BuckUn, S. H., 248 Buckner, A. H., 203 Bucks, C. H., 331 Buell, C. C, 117 Buffington, 270 Buffington, Henry C, 247 Buffum, Mrs. A., 92, 113 BufiEum, John W., 6 Bulion, J. R., 236 Bull, James R., 63 Bullock, H. E., 294, 29s Bunce, 184 Bunce, John J., 49, 347 357 Bundy, John C, 84 Bundy, Doctor Samuel H., 233 Bunn, George, 155 Bunn, Jacob, 85 Bunsen, George C., 24 Buntin, J. F., 220 Buntin, John J., 266 Buntin, Mary, 220 Burch, Charles S., 115 Burchell, R. C., 252, 268 Burdette, Robert J., 281 Burdick, Reverend, 150 Burdick, Spencer S., 198 Burgess, C. L., 359 Burgess, G. A., 247 Burgess, L. C, 247 Burgess, O. A., 280 Burgess, William, 136 Burke, L. L., 17 Burke, Solomon S., 172 Burke, W. S., 116 Burks, J. F., 19s Burner, 295 Burnett, 37 Burnett, B. F., 226 Burnett, George B., 168 Bumham, J. H., 28 Bums, E. A., 318 Bums, Neil C, 251 Bums, W. W., 286 Bumside, General Ambrose E., Ixxxiii, Ixxxiv, n., Ixxxv, n., 66 Bumside, Edward, 233 Bumside, J. O. P., 180 Burr, Frank, 81 Burr, G. J., 257 Burr, L. L., 206 Burlington, 9 Burroughs, 91, 354 Burroughs, Doctor J. C, 60 Burrows, loi Burrows, L. E., 179 Burt, George, Jr., 198 Burtch, N. B., 196 Burtin, B. H., 97 Burton, Albert, 235 Biurton, D. A., 46, 259 S42 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Burton, David B., 235 Burton, John W., 41 Burton, Pierce, 15 Burton, W. R., 311 Busbey, W. H., in Busby, T. Addison, 133 Buser, Jacob J., 269 Bush, D. B., 28s Bush, D. B., Jr., 284 Bush, J. M., 285 Bush, J. M., Jr., 28s Bush, John, 253 Bush, W. C, 28s Bushnell, N., 291 Bushnell, Thomas M., 330 Butler, 295 Butler, Burridge D., 54 Butler, Edwin, 336 Butler, J. B., 272 Butler, J. W., i Butler, Richard, 152 Butler, Samuel, 278 Butler, W. Henry, 278, 336 Butt, H. H. M., 315 Butterfield, Professor James A., 218 Butterworth, T., 293 Button, C. C, 1 Butz, Caspar, 81 Buxton, Abraham S., 278 Byford, Doctor William H., 57 Byrne, James P., 83 Cabeen, Thomas B., 213, 214 Caddington, 272 Cadogan, J. P., 291 Cadwell, W. H., 298 Cady, C. M., 71 Caflin, 249 Caffrey, Major, 36 Caffrey, William, 126, 327 Cahill, M. J., 120 Cain, 283 Cain, Fletcher, 355 Cairns, William C, 341 Caldwell, 232 Caldwell, W. H., 25 Calhoun, John, 52 Calhoun, W. R., 213 Callaghan, 100 Callahan, E., 202 Calvert, 301 Calvin, 203 Calvo, J. P. M., 250, 251 Cam;bridge, W. G., 330 Cameron, A. C, 80 Cameron, Daniel, 65 Camp, 113 Camp, John R., 35 Camp, W. M., 93 Campbell, 249 Campbell, A. B., 335 Campbell, C. 230 Campbell, Charles, 320 Campbell, E. F., 152 Campbell, George, 320 Campbell, J., 55 Campbell, J. D., 286, 287 Campbell, Reverend J. P., 265 Campbell, J. R., 230 Campbell, O. L., 216 Campbell, Mrs. Theodore C, 134 Campbell, W. P., 13 Canfield, 190 Canisius, Doctor Theodore, 8, 324 Cannon, H. H., 21 Cannon, J. R., 21 Canterbury, Riifus P., 48 Cantril, D. M., 316 Cantwell, Reverend J. S., 63 Cape, 250 Carey, 181 Carey, W., 235 Carliu, C. C, 358 Carlin, W. H., 293 Carlson, Samuel E., 88 Carlsson, Erland, 74, 114 Carlton, W. R., 331 Carman, 343 Carman, J. N., 280 Carothers, Mrs. P. W. B., 227 Carpenter, 28, 113, 118, 301 INDEX TO NAMES S43 Carpenter, C. C, 229 Carpenter, E. L., 10 Carpenter, James W., 286, 287 Carpenter, J. H., 25 Carpenter, Le Roy, 346 Carpenter, Stephen D., 180 Carr, 333 Carr, C. E., 186 Carr, E. L., 305 Carr, J. K., 236 Carr, J. S., 209 Carr, R. M., 12, 273 Carr, Spencer, 170 Carr, William R., 13, 38 Carrier, Irving, 173, 235, 244, 329 Carroll, Charles, 281 Carroll, Felix C, 266 Carrothers, John, 48 Carson, 259 Carson, C. H., 117 Carson, Fred D., 103 Carson, Will C, 194 Carter, C. E., 20, 154, 175, 245 Carter, Joseph, 30 Carter, Joseph D., 177 Carter, William Lloyd, 176 Carver, 118 Carver, Doctor W. C, 32 Case, 205 Case, A. B., 56, 290 Case, Hardin, 43 Case, Zophar, 42, 43 Caseyj 255 Casey, Samuel, 234 Cashman, D. A., 134 Cass, E. G., 153, 27s Cass, L. A., 30 Cass, Lewis, 157, 320 Casson, 38, 219 Casson, H., Jr., 150, 290 Casterline, Doctor Z., 249 Castle, Frank M., 277 Castle, John B., 312 Castle, M. B., 312 Cauch, Robert, 173 Caulk, L. D., 153 Cavan, David, 174 Cavanaugh, T. H., 205 Cella, Paola, 92 Cermfik, Joseph, 148 Cerveny, Reverend Peter, 119 Cervin, Doctor A. R., 74, 114, 185 Chabin, A. W., 12, 273 Chaddock, R. P., 33; 360 Chadwick, 263 Chadwick, R. P., 218 Chaffee, A. H., 270 Chaiser, 187 Chaiser, Andrew, 88, 108, 119 Chalcraft, 2 Chambers, i Chamberlain, 268 Chamberlain, John, 242 Chamberlin, Ira D., 27, 38 Champion, Thomas E., 348 Champlin, 271 Chandler, 217 Chandler, E. C, 302 Chandler, Edwin W., 136 Chandler, H. B., 66 Chandler, Hannibal H., 120, 122, 136 146 Chandler, T. H., 215 Chandler, W. W., 359 Channing, William H., 79 Chapel, S. W., 57 Chapin, Reverend A. L., 58 Chapin, E. B., 335 Chapin, E. J., 335 Chapin, Horace, 204, 207, 321 Chapin, Leonidas, 238 Chapin, L. H., 33 Chaplin, Reverend W. J., 81, 90, 92 Chapman, 32, 261, 281 Chapman, Albert, 358 Chapman, A. S., 190 Chapman, J. B., 262, 329, 344 Chapman, Jerome, 147 Chapman, J. M., 96 Chapman, Noyes B., 333 S44 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Chapman, W. A., 330 Chapman, W. W., 357 Chappell, R. D., 201 Chappell, R. W., 104 Chappell, S. A., 93, 94 Charles, H. E., 290 Charles, Henry, 44 Charles, J. E., 290 Charles, William, 192 Chase, 89 Chase, A. H., 100 Chase, D. C, 142 Chase, E. E., 10 Chase, L. G., 47 Chase, Reverend Philander, 209 Chase, Salmon P., 341 Chatterton, A. L., 139 Chatterton, J. H., 313 Chatterton, Sam D., 313 Chatfield, James M., 67 Chatfield, John, Jr., 67 Cheadle, T. A., 227 Cheesebro, 288 Chenault, J. T., 27 Cheney, Reverend Charles Edward, 83 Chenoweth, W. J., 157 Chesbro, S. K. J., 332 Chesley, H. H., 215 Chesley, M. A., 359 Chesley, T. H., 215 Chesney, E. E., i Chester, A., 210 Chester, Elihu W., 5 Chickering, E. B., 268 Childs, G. M., 45, 46, 153, 154 Childs, Henry, 85 Childs, Henry C, 355 Childs, J. F., 61 Childs, John A., 174 Childress, E. H., 176 Childress, W. S., 273 Chisholm, A., 95 Chisholm, Samuel S., 120, 271 Christ, 39 Chittenden, Eli, 49, 317 Chittenden, E. F., 211, 272 Chitwood, W. E., 344 Christian, 188 Christie, 171 Cliristopher, Reverend W. B., 90 Church, 7S, 92, 99 Church, Charles A., 25, 301 Church, Mrs. C. H., 102 Church, Reverend Leroy, 61 Churchill, George, xli, 6, 166 Ciolino (Ciolina(?)), Francesca, 3c; Clanahan, Sim V., 191 Clancy, F. B., 131 Clapp, 232, 358 Clapp, Aaron, 199 Clapp, Clement L., 45, 356 Clapp, D., 15s Claridge, R. R., 191 Clark, 361 Clark, Doctor Anson L., 98 Clark, Daniel, 191 Clark, Eugene, 19 Clark, Fordyce C, 194 Clark, George M., 179 Clark, H. J., 288 Clark, Homer, 169 Clark, J. E., 2 Clark, Reverend James H., 329 Clark, John S., 246 Clark, John T. C, 20 Clark, M. O., 245 Clark, Sumner, 169 Clark, Thaddeus, 217 Clark, WilUam H., 356 Clark, W. W., 16 Clarke, 45, 56 Clarke, J. Edward, 192 Clarke, J. N., 108 Clarke, Mrs. Mary G., 75, 108 Clarke, S. J., i, 23r, 246 Clarke, T. S., 1, 231 Clarke, W. F., 77 Clarkson, J. J., 72, 324 Clarkson, J. K.., 179 Clay, C, 283 INDEX TO NAMES 545 Clay, H. L., 44, 283 Clay, Henry, 54, 202, 222, 276, 307 Clayton, A. C, 207 Clayton, W. W., 70 Clearwaters, Reuben, 178 Clearwaters, Wesley, 178 Clemen, G., 30 Clemens, C. C, 51 Clement, Charles, 207 Clement, J., 103 Clendenin, H. W., 323 Cleveland, Doctor E. T., 163 Cleveland, F. W., 55 Cleveland, Grover, 294 Cleveland, P., 291, 292 Cleviston, S. G., 11 Clifford, Paul J., 178 CUfiford, W. H., 205 Clifton, J. W., 281 Climie, J. M., 82 Clinton, John W., 179, 286, 287 CUppinger, A. C, 331 CUssold, H. R., no Coates, 289 Coates, W. C, 25 Cobb, H. C, 282 Cobb, John H., 17 Cobb, M. H., 17 Cobb, WilUam R., 328 Cobet, M. Etienne, 261 Coburn, 105 Cobum, John J., 252 Cochran, E. C, 251 Cochran, William A., 316 Cockle, Washington, 278 Cockraft, 308 Cockroft, 189 Cockroft, Joseph, 188 Cockson, W. C, 108 Coe, T. W., 153 Coe, W. S., 263 Coen, P. Albert, 79 Coffey, Cornelius J., 94 Coffey, J. R., 94 Cogswell, L. S., 217 Cohen, George, 127 Coker, Mrs. Catherine, 230 Coker, John, 230, 315, n. i Colby, G. F., 276 Colby, W. A., 156 Cole, 126, 131, 297 Cole, M. E., 127 Coleman, H. R., 173 Coleman, James N., 320 Coler, William N., 338 Coles Edward, xli; xlii; xlii, nn.; xlvi; xlvii, n; xlviii; 34c; 341 Colgrove, S. E., 17 Collins, 137, 216 Collins, A. C, 25 Collins, Frank F., 11 Collins, L. C, 122 Collins, M. E., 288 Collins, Nathan, 11 Collins, T. B., 210 Colhns, William H., 204 Collins, William T., 144, 357 CoUison, Fred, 295 CoUyer, Robert, 91, 95, 113, 142 Colton, Austin, 298 Colton, Dr. D. A., 68 Colton, L. J., 289 Coltrin, Isaac N., 151, 158 Colville, 186 Colvin, 27s Colyer, Walter, 2 Combs, D. J., 29 Committi, J. E., 68, 69 Comstock, 117 Comstock, Allen, 292 Conant, Luther, 137 Condit, E. S., 47 Condon, A. G., 52 Condon, Doctor Sidney S., 209 Conklin, 253 Conklin, James C, 323 Conley, Edward D., ^^, 208, 356 Conlin, 155 Conn, R. L., 295 Connell, J. W., 3r5 546 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Connell, James F., 233, 250 Connelly, 248 Connelly, H. C, 303 Conner, 222 Conner, Edward, 322 Conner, Paul, 333 Connolly, 153 Connor, 17 Connor, J. R., 221 Conover, John F., 195, 196 Constantine, Louis A., 16 Converse, 337 Conway, Miles A., 303 Conzett, Conrad, 125, 130 Cook, 65, 70, 105, 226, 227, 243 Cook, C. W., 198 Cook, Daniel P., xxxv; xlii; xliv; 211, n. I, 212, 340 Cook, David C, 128, 134 Cook, Edward, 143 Cook, Ezra, 92 Cook, G. Wilbur, 317, 318 Cook, H. W., 208 Cook, I. H., 198 Cook, Isaac, 65, 73 Cook, John W., 30, 264 Cook, Philip, 287 Cooke, 57, 124 Cooke, D. B., 70 Cooke, D. H., 332 Coolidge, H. A., 226 Coolidge, H. H., 316 Coon, A. S., 177 Coon, C. D., 177 Coon, John J., 190 Coon, R. W., 25, 273 Coon, Reuben W., 352 Cooper, 193 Cooper, G. W., 274 Cooper, J. C, 47 Cooper, Peter, ci, 15, 254 Cooper, William B., 175 Cope, Doctor J. D., 311 Cope, Doctor J. W., 310 Copeland, James P., 233, 234 Copley, Ira C, 172 Corbett, I. E., 290 Corbett, Richard W., 16 Corbett, W. W., 54 Corbus, 9 Corey, A. W., bdi; Ixii, n.; 5; 6 Corey, Frank, 238 Corey, Mayron, 277 Corey, Wells, 238 Corliss, George W., 123 Corman, A. H., 157, 159, 235 Cornell, Charles, 27 Cornick, H. M., 195 Comwell, 278 Corson, Fred W., 249, 250 Cort, Reverend C, 199 Corwin, Franklin, 270 Corwin, H. S., 282, 283 Cory, James Y., 332 Cossar, W. S., 115 Costello, James T., 251 Cotmer, 135 Cotrell, 9 Cotton, Ike, i Couch, Doctor A. A., 349 Couch, liichard, 12, 273, 317 Coulson, Effie M., 217 Coulson, J. C, 217 Coulter, 205 Coulter, James S., 20, 310, 320 Coulter, Doctor John M., 130, 131 Coulter, M. S., 130 Coulter, Samuel L., 279 Courow, William L., 33 Coursen, John R., 302 Cousley, W. J. A., 4 Cowan, 34 Cowan, A. T., 287 Cowan, S. G., 184 Cowdery, 82 Cowdrey, Robert H., 93 Cowles, 86, 143 Cowles, Alfred, 59 Cowles, T. Z., 119 Coyle, William H., 203 INDEX TO NAMES S47 Coyne, 125 Cox, Daniel, 265 Cox, John E., 173 Cox, Thomas, 248 Crabb, 167, 168 Crabb, Joseph, 165 Crabbe, J. Irving, 137 Craig, Elder, 45 Craig, John, 44 Craig, Phil A., 191 Craig, W. F., 223 Crandall, Bruce V., 143 Crandall, Charles A., 347 Crandall, Charles E., 48, 104, 105, 227 338, 3S4 Crandall, David S., 48, 105, 227, 338 Crandall, Dudley S., 48, 105, 227 Crandall, E. R., 227 Crandall, L. D., 327 Crane, John M., 235, 236 Crane, J. W., 265 Cranston, 67 Cratty, Thomas, 281 Cravens, W., 76 Crawford, 248 Creed, 275 Creed, Dudley, 31 Creed, Shannon, 327 Creighton, S. P., 80 Cremer, Bernard, 280 Crenshaw, William R., 190 Cresswell, R. B., 30 Creswell, 139 Creswell, James, 284 Creswell, Robert H., 284 Crichton, 244 Crihfield, Horace, 13, 243 Crihfield, R. C, 243 Crisp, Charles, 357, 358 Crist, Daniel, 302 Critchfield, Doctor, 190 Croly, David G., 300 Cromer, John C, 201, 306 Crone, 68 Cronkhite, P. C, 155 Cronsioe, S., 70, 187 Cronwall, Gottfried, 87 Crook, L., 146 Crooker, 240 Cropley, Edward S., 20 Crosby, 354 Crosman, Walter D., 93, 143 Cross, 223, 294 Cross, F., 29s Cross, R., 29s Crossar, W. L., 147 Grossman, R. B., 168 Grossman, S. V., 4, 7, 168 Grossman, T. M., 168 Grossman, W. R., 168 Crotzer, Irving S., 221 Grouch, Charles, 183, 184 Crowell, 92, 96 Crum, W. C, 143 Crump, M. J., 216 Gulbertson, John, 160 Gullen, William, 270, 271 Gulp, George, 234 Gulp, S. W., 249 Culver, loi Culver, John, 50 Cimuns, 360 Cummings, 177 Cummings, A. B., 151 Cummings, Alonzo L., 184 Cummings, J. E., 35 Cunningham, 120 Cunningham, F. M., 284 Cunningham, J. O., 46, 47. 33^> 339 Cunningham J. W., 284 Cunningham, John, 193 Cunningham, M. F., 189 Cunningham, W. C., 177 Cunningham, Walter H., 193 Curlee, 164, 332, 333 Curran, Reverend James J., 94 Ciuran, John, 227 Curran, W. W., 203 Currie, William H., 71 Curry, A. N., 283 548 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Curtis, Addison G., 228 Curtis, George L., 31 Curtis, Reverend H., 66 Curtis, S. B., 2SS Curtis, William E., iii Curtiss, D. L., 59 Curtiss, G. R., 173 Curtiss, W. W., 162 Gushing, C. H., loi Gushing, M. A., 243 Custer, 186 Custer, Mathias, 189 Guster, O. N., 186 Cutler, Charles T., 202 Cutler, George W., 201 Gyrus, G. M., 164 Cyrus, George W., 38 Dafoe, 10 Dagger, Jefferson L., 41 Daggett, Doctor J. F., 227 Dake, O. C., 167, 223 Daley, 86 Dallam, 167 Dallam, F. A., 268, 291, 292, 349 Dallam, Frank M., 349 Dallam, Phil, 349 Dalton, Frederick D., 11,33, i39i 153) 329 Dana, Charles A., 85 Dandy, John M., 124 Danenhower, J. W., 69 Danenhower, William Weaver, 64, 69 Danforth, J. B., 303, 304 Danforth, J. B., Jr., 303 Danforth, Doctor W., 85 Daniel, M. E., 230 Daniels, 139 Daniels, George H., 170 Daniels, J. A., 106 Danley, 333 Dann, 20 Dann, George Jr., 19 Dann, George, Sr., ig, 20 Darby, D. H., 240 Darby, James, 317 Darrah, H. C, 129, 130 Dart, Addison A., 290 Dashiell, A. M., 158 Daugherty, Elias C, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 298, 299, 300 Daugherty, S. M., 299 David, A. G., 42, 345 Davidson, 40, S5> 57. 5^ Davidson, Charles E., 194 Davidson, E. J., 174 Davidson, H. L., 24 Davidson, James M., 197, 222 Davidson, William H., 6 Davidson, William T., 222 Davies, A. D., 357 Davis, 19, 200, 267, 283, 303, 332, 343 Davis, A. D., 307 Davis, A. J., 156 Davis, C. B., 56 Davis, C. M., 222 Davis, G. R., 177, 193, 228 Davis, D. L., 37 Davis, E. G., 275 Davis, G. W., 306, 307 Davis, George T. M., 4 Davis, Gervis M., 254 Davis, H. K., 28, 254, 338 Davis, H. K. W., 278 Davis, H. O., 28 Davis, Doctor H. W., 274 Davis, General Hasbrouck, 84 Davis, I. H., 76, 355 Davis, Jacob C, 349 Davis, Louis L., 37, 38 Davis, Mrs. Mary, 254 Davis, McFarren, 274 Davis, N. C, 343 Davis, Doctor N. S., 56, 57, 63, 76 Davis, O. L., 48 Davis, S. H., loi, 278 Davis, S. P., 333 Davis, S. W., 274 Davis, Southwick, 184, 185 Davis, T. O., S3 Davis, W. B., 63, 254 INDEX TO NAMES 549 Davis, Doctor W. H., 98 Davis, W. O., 28 Davison, 172 Davison, A. L., 39 Davison, Alpheus, 39 Davison, I. C, 45 Davison, J. M., 45 Davison, Mrs. S. C, 45 Davison, W. K., 349 Davisson, Don, 255 Davisson, R. A., 241 Davisson, W. W., 230 Davisson, William, 255 Daw, Herbert Lawson, 239 Dawes, Alexander G., 21 Dawley, T. R., 70 Dawson, James P., 281 Dawson, Thomas H., 228 Day, D. G., 203 Day, E. M., 257 Day, George T., 127 Day, Reverend J. M., 62 Day, J. T., 162 Day, Patrick H., 3 1 Day, Sam B., 220 Dayton, Fred, 302 De Ahna, E. M., 196 Dealy, T. W., lor Dean, 289 Dean, Fred O., 245 Dean, Jay H., 245 Dean, John W., 51, 52, 97, 112 Deardon, R. R., 82, go De Berard, F. B., 121, 122 Decker, 288 Dedman, R. D., 357 Dedrich, 345 Dee, 94 Defebaugh, J. E., 118 Defrees, John D., 56 De Geer, Mrs. M. E., 121, 199 De Hart, C, 217 Deitrich, Robert E., 52 De Joumette, 295 De Kay, 352 De Lacy, James, 235 Delahay, Mark W., 258, 345 Delay, 155, 273 De Lay, James M., 151 De Lay, W., 151 De Levis, M. M., 151, 152, 272 De Motte, H. C, 30, 31 Dempster, W. L., 311 Denhard, C. W., 271 Denison, 38 Denlinger, 255 Denneman, William F., 136 Dennis, Stephen W., 245 Dennison, T. S., 146 Denslow, V. B., 83 Denslow, W. F., 288 Densmore, J. A., iii, 118 Denson, Chester R., 244 Depue, G. B., 242 De Puy, Henry W., 299 De Tocqueville, Ivi Detrich, J. E., 320 De Veling, J. M., 50 Devine, Thomas H., 358 Devore, E. C, 310 Devore, W. C., 178, 229 Dew, E. C, 43 Dewey, John F., 16, 18, 309 De Wolf, L. E., 3SS Dicey, 118 Dick, George W., 214 Dickens, A. N., 9 Dickens, Charles, 9 Dicker, 113 Dickerson, C. D., 18, 200 Dickerson, Reverend J. S., 61 Dickerson, James K., 220 Dickey, T. Lyle, 307 Dicks, O., 265 Dickson, David T., 299 Dicus, G. W., 297 Didier, Louis, 23 Diehl, Charles S., 108, 354 Dietrich, Don E., 320 Dietrich, J. E., 319 SSo ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Dietrich, Julius, 32 Dietrick, George V., 186 Diggs, B. F., 28, 29 Dilg, Fred, 237, 238 Dill, 274 Dill, E. P., 201 Dille, 26s Diller, Thomas, 328 Dimmick, L. W., 175, 335 Dimmick, O. J., 175, 335 Dinunock, Thomas, 7 Dinsmore, Vose, 108 Dishon, Bethune, 17, 257 Ditten, J., 131 Diversey, Michael, 69 Dixon, 114 Dixon, G. W., 358 Doane, James A., 96 Dobelbower, John C, 7, 206 Dodd, 275 Dodds, 254 Dodds, Samuel J., 220 Doggett, Kate Newell, 122 Doherty, Will S., 172 Dolbee, S. R., 4 Donald, Gustav, 304 Donnelley, 75, 99, 127 Donohoe, Henry F., 144, 145 Dooley, A. H., 294 Doolittle, Alfred, 210 Doolittle, Wilham B., 67 Dopf, J. D., 252, 286 Doran, E. F., 290 Dore, C. P., 179 Dorland, Willet, 89 Domaun, P. A., 304 Dorwin, Harry F., 321 Dose, William F., 22 Doubleday, R., 8 Dougherty, 10 Dougherty, Governor George M., 209 Dougherty, William E., 127 Douglas, George W., 250 Douglas, Stephen A., Ixxii, Ixxvi, Ixxviii, Ixxix, IxjKvii, Ixxxvii, n., 7, 60, n., 65, n., 76, 209, 226, 23s, 253, 272, 279, 282, 283, 297, 311, 31S 322, 324, 331, 338 Doulton, Francis M., 253 Douthit, Reverend Jasper L., 318 Dow, J. D., 69 Dowdall, William T., 7, 277, 281, 347 Dowdall, W. Y., 205 Dovfler, 255 Dowling, Levi H., 31, 102 Dowling, W. W., 102 Downey, O. L., 295 Downing, Finis E., 347 Downing, H. F., 347 Downs, Dudley, 173 Downs, S. Usmar, 202 Dowst, Charles, 141 Dowst, N. P., 352 Dowst, S. M., 352 Doxsey, 275 Doying, George E., 43, 205 Drake, B. C, 18, 19 Draper, A. H., 263, 264 Draper, E. Frank, 264 Dresser, Clarence P., 131 Drew, Reverend J. B., 105 DriscoU, D. D., 63 DriscoU, John, Ixxxvii DriscoU, William, Ixxxvii Driscolls, 298 Drown, S. De Witt, 278 Drum, M. E., 43 Drumm, Charles, 267 Dubois, Jesse K., 85 Dubois, T. E., 175 Duck, C. Hill, 3S7 Dudman, T. J., 231 Duelinger, 23 Duemling, Doctor H., 135 Dufield, John A., 360 Dufield, M. C, 360 Dugan, J. W., 56 Dugger, S. B., 12, 283 Dunaway, Jacob, 346 Dimbar, Al, 49 INDEX TO NAMES SSI Dunbar, D. C, 191, 252 Dunbar, Joel, 253 Dunbar, Lucien, 49 Duncan, 198 Duncan, F., 76 Duncan, J. E., 276 Duncan, John H., 234 Duncan, Joseph, 28, 203, 211, n. i, 232 Duncan, Joseph C, 315 Duncan, Matthew, 211; 211, n., 342 Duncan, Doctor T. C, 76 Dunham, Doctor J. C, 227, 275 Dunkelberg, J. J., 337 Dunkley, 86 Dunlap, Adam, 307 Dunlap, B. J., 359 Dunlap, H. J., 48, 211 Dunlap, Joseph R., 66 Dunlap, M. L., 324 Dunlap, R. L., 69 Dunn, Doctor A. A., 38, 186 Dunn, F. W., 100 Dunn, James E., 326 Dunn, Reverend R. C, 335 Dunnan, J. W., 228, 275 Dumiegan, 167 ' Dunning, S. Wright, 73 Dunscomb, G. E., 358 Dunton, E. M., 131 Dunton, Frank H., 131 Durdy, Robert L., 197 Durell, Edward P., 344 Durell, George L., 344 Durham, Gabriel, 210 Durham, J. B., zio Dustin, Daniel, 331 Dustin, WilUam G., 164 Dutch, Alfred, 58 Dutcher, 225 Dutcher, Charles F., 208 Dwight, 102 Dwight, Josiah, 359 Dwight, Walter T., 109 Dyckes, Joseph, 222 Dyer, L. M., 50 Dyer, Silas F., 50 Dyniewicz, Wladyslaw, 116 Dyson, Edwin, 307 Ealy, 121 Eames, 3 Eames, Charles M., 204 Eaton, R. A., 30 Earl, 276 Earlie, 271 Earlie, George, 163 Earlie, George E., 3, 171 Earlie, William H., 3 Easley, "Bill," 347 Eastbum, D. J., 318 Eastman, 6 Eastman, Colonel F. A., 301 Ejistman, Francis A., 76 Eastman, John C, S7 Eastman, O. S., 196 Eastman, Otis M., 175 Eastman, W. F., 245, 327, 328 Eastman, Zebina, S3. SS. 57. S^, 64, 71, 170, 197, 229 Eaton, 318 Eaton, A. E., 49 Eaton, B. D. M., 96 Eaton, Collins, r48 Eaton, W. L., 299, 302 Eaton, Will D., 144 Eberhart, J. T., 75 Ebert, Albert E., 93 Ebey, Charles B., 332 Eby, Charles H., 10 Ecden, John R., 330 Eckert, Doctor T. W., 25, 221, 265 Eckles, 289 Eddy, A., 66 Eddy, C. J., 305 Eddy, Henry, xli, xlii, xliv, xlix, 314 314, n. I Eddy, Reverend Thomas M., 67 Edgar, Colonel William H., 191, 207 Edgerton, James J., 54 Edgren, Doctor J. A., 119, 135 552 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Edmonds, John, 224, 225 Edmondson, Theodore, 176 Edson, 359 Edson, J. M., 96, 187, 257 Edwards, A. W., 34, 42, 189 Edwards, AUie, 316 Edwards, Reverend Arthur, 67 Edwards, B., 145 Edwards, Charles, 321, 323 Edwards, Conrad O., 315, 316 Edwards, Cyrus, 6 Edwards, E. H., 32 Edwards, E. W., 223 Edwards, Essie, 316 Edwards, George K., 230 Edwards, J. J., 327 Edwards, James G., 202, 203 Edwards, John C, 230 Edwards, Ninian, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxviii, xli, 166, n. i, 182, 211, n. 1, 213, 321 Edwards, T. H., 327 Edwards, W., 315 Eggleston, E. C, 97 Eggleston, Edward, 83, 84 Eggleston, Reverend N. H., 58 Eichenburger, Rudolph, 279 Einstein, 118 Ela, E. S., 159 Elderkin, 281 EUerston, Joe, 131 EUiff, E. H., 221, 29s, 337 Ellingwood, Doctor Finley, 98 Elliott, 282 Elliott, D. H., I Elliott, Samuel, 98 Ellis, S4, SS. 357 Ellis, E. J., 226 Ellis, George H., 126 Ellis, J. Ward, 90 Ellis, Sumner, 92 Ellis, T. H., 357 Ellis, W. O., 239 Ellis, William, 56 Ellison, 290 Ellsworth, Bertha H., 171 Ellsworth, Spencer, 150, 192, 216, 217, 218, 219, 282, 319 Ellsworth, Spencer, Jr., 216 Elmblad, 138 Elmblad, Magnus, 87, 245 Elmstrom, H. K., 82 Elson, Louis C, 119 Eltzholtz, Reverend C. F., 103, 122 Elwell, J. S., 95 Emerie, J. R., 249 Emerson, Merton J., 196 Emery, Enoch, 280, 281 Emery, Henry D., 54, 73 Emmerson, Morris, 2, 223, 256 Emmert, D. B., 251 Emmert, J. P., 251 Emmons, Sylvester, Ixxxviii, 18, 261 Emrich, Henry, 186 Enander, 123 Enander, Johan Alfred, 74 Engberg, Jonas, 74 Engelhard, G. H., 146 Engelhard, George P., 122, 149 England, Reverend M. J., 303 Englemann, Theodore, 21, 22 English, George, 251 Ennis, 8 Enoch, Hiram E., 301 Enos, 296 Enos, James L., 59, 61 Ensign, H. L., 114 Epperson, S. A., 34 Ericson, Albert, 82, 300 Erikson, C. F., 88 Erixon, K., 134 Ernst, Rudolph, 343 Errett, C, 32 Errett, L. L., 32 Errett, Wade, 32, 187 Erskine, Reverend E. E., 71 Ervin, A. W., 35, 313 Eshelman, M. M., 218 Essellen, Christian, 67 Essick, J. C, 273 INDEX TO NAMES SS3 Ettelsohn, N. B., 147 Eustace, John V., i6i, 162 Evans, 117, 257 Evans, Charles A., 89 Evans, Doctor Charles H., 76 Evans, Daniel, 219 Evans, James, 209 Evans, John, 56, 208 Evans, R. J., 173 Evans, W. H., 251 Evarts, 311 Evarts, J. W., 47 Evarts, Reverend W. W., 83 Everett, 38 Everett, B. B., 330 Everett, C. W., 330 Everett, L. S., 184 Everett, Doctor Wilson, 197 Evert, 112 Ewald, Reverend Carl A., 137 Ewing, R. M., 178 Ewing, William, 283 Eyer, Elijah H. 18, 257 Eystra, J. W., 38 Fagin, Edward, 320 Fairchild, T. S., 323 Fairchild, William B., 45, 165 Falk, Theodore, 277 Fallows, Bishop Samuel, 130 Faltz, Charles W., 319 Fanning, 205 Faris, John M., 356 Farley, J. J., 273 Farley, P. A., 273 Farley, S. P., 236 Farmer, W. L., 352 Famham, 336 Famiun, 92 Famum, E. J., 163 Farrar, Doctor S. F., 57 Farrelly, H. P., 44 Farris, 193 Farris, Fergis, 234 Farris, J. M., 243, 349 Farris, John, 228 Farris, T. G., Jr., 344 Farwell, 276 Farwell, John V., 8s Fassett, Herbert S., 149 Fast, Harry D., 290 Fawcett, James L., 165 Fawcett, W. L., 145 Faxon, Charles, Ixxvii, 289 Faxon, E. W., 10 Faxon, George S., 286 Faxon, Len G., 35 Fay, H. W., 201 Fay, W. L., 204 Faye, Charles M., 16 Feezer, Colonel M., 25 2 Fegan, W. H., 329 Feistcorn, Charles A., 32, 162 Feitsam, Sebastian, 22, 24 Fell, Jesse W., 27, 28 Felts, James H., 234 Fenn, Edward P., 95 Fergus, Robert, 54, 55, 56, 67 Ferguson, Alfred, 351 Feries, McDonald, 220 Ferris, James H., 361 Ferriss, 208, 227 Ferriss, J. H., 285 Feuchtinger, G., 79 Ficklin, O. B., 250 Fiedler, Hermann, 22 Field, 37 Field, Alexander P., xliv Field, Eugene, 268, n. i Field, Phillip V., 191 Fielding, Isaac, 48, 49 Fields, H. R., 318 Filler, J. W., 169, 175 Fillmore, Millard, 61, 70, 174, 324 Finch, J. M., 182 Finch, W. R., 170 Finch, Willis E., 165 Finley, Thomas J., 208 Fischer, A. W., 23 Fischer, Theodore, 42 Fish, Charles E., 190 SS4 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Fish, Ferdinand, 131 Fisher, 129, 188, 271 Fisher, J. W., 223 Fisk, Ixxxiv, 240 Fisk, Charles R., 19, 160, 161, 184, 198, 227, 240 Fiske, 173 Fitch, Doctor Asa, 341 ' Fitch, Elmer E., 187 Fitch, George, 187 Fitch, H. P., 34 Fitch, John, 7, 45 Fitch, Simeon, 17 Fitch, T. N., 7 Fithian, W. W., 142 Fithian, William, 226 Fitz Morris, D. C, 9 Fitzsimmons, James, 213 Flagg, G. W., 28s Flaherty, John, 11 Flake, 202 Flanigan, E. C, 48 Flaver, 163 Fleming, 99 Fleming, E. H., 20, 23 Fleming, H. E., 71 Fleming, H. L., 23 Fleming, H. R., 63 Fleming, Robert K., xxxiv, xlix, 20, 21, 166, 2X2, 213, 258 Fleming, Thomas H., 24 Fleming, William K., 20 Fletcher, 247 Fletcher, C. D., 47 Fletcher, Edward F., 44 Fletcher, Eugene B., 328 Fletcher, F. W., 47 Fletcher, J. W., 47, 320, 320, n. i Flint, WiUiam A., 335 Flitcher, 206 Flower, George, xlii, xlv, xlvi, n. 34 Flower, Richard, xlii, n. 29 Flynn, 343 Flynn, George W., 48, 338 Flynn, J. R., 41, 163 Flynn, James C, 96 Flynn, T. H., 357, 358 Foddis, Thomas, 223 Foliart, John, 314 Foltz, Benjamin, 300 Foote, 301 Foote, Charles E., 41 Foote, Doctor L., 51 Foote, William E., 28 Ford, 15 Ford, A. N., Ixxvii, 216, 282 Ford, F. D., 240 Ford, J. B., us Ford, J. G., 288 Ford, J. Sawtell, 149, 217 Ford, Judge, 252 Ford, Robert B., 115 Ford, Thomas, xl, xli, xlii, 182, 321, 342 Ford, W. H., 217 Forman, C. M., 259, 260 Forman, Doctor John, 98 Forman, W. S., 259, 260 Forney, M. N., 73 Fornof, John W., 329 Forquer, George, 321 Forrest, J. E., 189 Forrest, James, 189 Forrest, Joseph K. C, 39, 85 Forrest, R. B., 224 Forsyth, Mrs. E. A., 142 Forsyth, R. G., 265 Fort, Arthur C, 244 Fort, James M., 244 Foster, Charles, 261 Foster, Charles A., Ixxxviii Foster, J. S., 360 Foster, Reverend Lemuel, 6 Foster, Robert D., Ixxxviii, 261 Fougner, Albert, 121 Fouke, Philip B., 20 Fowler, 46, 82, 109, 231 Fowler, Henry, 59 Fowler, Stanley G., 72, 84, 93 Fox, 18, I2S, 127, 131 INDEX TO NAMES SSS Fox, Reverend A. K.., 352 Fox, Dorus M., 93 Fox, J. C, 307 Fox, J. R., 243, 318 Fox, James D., 16 Fox, James E., 300 Fox, Joseph H., 300 Fox, O. L., 140 Fox, William F., 98 Foy, Vincent, 333 Frame, N. T., 332 France, J. S., 287 Francis, Allen, 321 Francis, J. Newton, 321 Francis, Josiah, 321 Francis, S. J., 323. Francis, Simeon, 321 Frank, John, 283, 345, 347 Franklin, Roscoe, 33 Franklin, W. D., 33 Franks, 281 Franks, F. W., 359 Fraser, L. W., 312 Frazer, Don, 252 Frazier, 285 Frazier, Lincoln B., 16 Frazier, Robert F., 285 Frazier, Walter S., 16 Frederick, E., 122 Free, Leroy W., 237 Freed, A. F., 32 Freeman, 324 Freeman, Edward, 177, 215 Freeman, James T., 224 "Freeman, Jonathan," xxxv Freiberger, Edward, 124 Fremont, John C , 45, 60, n., 327, 348 French, William, 217 French, Z. D., 331 Fresenius, Captain, 279 Freudenthal, Henry, 293 Frick, F. W., 181 Frick, H. W., 181 Frick, Joseph, 181 Frick, W. D., 257 Fricke, C. A., 214 Friend, Miles B., 176, 177, 230, 266, 283, 346 Frisbie, D. H., 185 Fritchey, Dan W., 266 Fritchey, T. A., 266 Froehlich, 69 Frost, George E., 5, n. i Frost, George H., 121 Frost, Griffin, 294 Frost, John L., 294 Frost, M. O., 237 Fruitt, Charles R., 200 Fuhr, George S., 27 Fulks, 19 Fulks, J. Sam., 20 Fulks, John B., 18, 307 Fulks, T. Charles, 310, 31 1 Fuller, 223, 353 Fuller, B. A., 210 Ful'er, E. C, 162 Fuller, E. M., no Fuller, Edward N., 117, 118 Fuller, Frank, 250 Fuller, H. M., 227 Fuller, Colonel J. W., 215 Fuller, M. A., 107, 109 Fuller, Mrs. M. H., 119 Fuller, N. W., 47, 57, 214, 215, 227, 352 Fuller, T. W., 162 Fuller, Thomas B., 226 Fuller, William, 152 FuUerton, T. S., 270 Fulton, 63, 175 Fulton, J. H., 297 Fulton, Reverend John, 141 Funk, 305 Funk, Henry B., 235, 247 Funk, Henry E., 205 Funk, John F., 81 Furber, 128 Furey, W. P., 300 Furman, James H., 311 Furnald, Edward, 309 Fuss, Henry, 277 SS6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Fuss, J. G., 346 Gagan, 288 Gage, John, S3 Gager, John, 71 Gahagan, D. W., 222 Galbraith, John, 41 Gale, IS, 184, 329 Gale, G. W., 66 Gale, W. Hector 329 Gall, 46 Gallagher, 282 Gallagher, James, 284, 285 Gallagher, John J., 69 Gallagher, Thomas, 26 Gallaher, 71 Galland, Doctor Isaac, 45, 260 Galligher, 10 Galloway, 348 Galloway, G. G., 348 Gamble, James, 7 Gann, Herst C., 11, 348 Gannaway, S. L., 347 Gannett, Reverend W. C, 142 Garasche, William A., 153 Garbutt, Z. N., 284 Gard, Will E., 105 Gardiner, 196 Gardner, 9, 291, 293 Gardner, C., 113 Gardner, G. P., 240 Gardner, J. B., 153, 275 Gardner, WiUiam H., 128, 269 Garner, 27, 274 Garrard, W. C, 220 Garrard, Will M., 220 Garrett, Robert N., 57 Garrison, Doctor H. D., 93, 96, 98 Garrison, J. H., 293 Garrison, John, 46 Garver, 247 Garver, I. N., 280 Garvin, James, 259 Gaskell, G. A., 132 Gaston, C. T., 64 Gaston, O. C, 228 Gates, 18 Gates, F. A., 5, n., i Gaumer, C. E., 247 Gaven, G. W., 180 Gay, Reverend David, 339 Geddes, William M. 10, 275 Gedney, H. E., 270 Geer, Nathan C, 57. 279, 280, 352 Gehant, Henry F., 10 Gehring, Fred, 325 Geiger, 293 Geiger, John, 2, 3 Geilhausen, WilHam, 279 Geleff, Paul, 134, 146, 355 Gelwicks, D. W., 22 Gentzel, John, 353 Georders, Ernest, 73 George, Ira, 235 George, Milton, 105, 140 Gere, George W., 338 Geringer, August, 125, 128, 135 Gersoni, Reverend Henry, 141 Getzmere, Thomas P., 142 Geyerstanger, J. M., 90 Gibbons, 289 Gibbons, A. M., 150 Gibbons, Judge John, 136 Gibson, A. C, 14 Gibson, Allen, 300 Gibson, James W., 263 Gideon, Doctor D. C., 155 Gifford, 294 Gifford, Charles F., 333 Gilbert, 71, 89, 267 Gilbert, Eugene T., no Gilbert, Frank, 90 Gilbert, Reverend Selden, 62, 112 Gilbert, Reverend Simeon, 88, 89 Gilchrist, J. D., 360 Giles, E., 162 Giles, W. T., 180, 181 Gill, J. Thompson, 148 Gill, John W., 346 Gillespie, David, 167 Gillespie, Frank L., 46, 17S INDEX TO NAMES SS7 Gillespie, J. M. J., 112 Gillespie, W. W., 312 Gillet, Phillip G., 205 Gillett, James, 108 Gilliam, William Henry, 344 GilUland. W. A., 246 Gillman, G. T., 290 Gilmore, 125, 199 Gilmore, F. H., 200 Gilson, 151 Gilson, Frank R., 244 Ginal, Henry, 69 Ginteleus, Mrs., 320 Giswiller, John W., 221 Given, Welker, 280 Givler, D. B., 257, 258 Givler, R. N., 258 Glancey, Theodore, 214 Glassco, George, 337 Glassco, H. B., 49 Glenn, C. C, 290 Glenn, C. G., 348 Glenn, F. H., 80 Glenn, Henry A., 254 Glenn, Robert A., 254, 307 Glenn, T. H., 126 Glenn, William, 283 Glennon, E. F., 359 Glenny, Holly, 33 Glessner, 25 Glessner, A. W., 183 Glessner, L. C, 41, 42, 178 Glessner, William L., 152, 178, 214 Glidden, J. F., 160 Glossop, Frank, 112, 126, 355, 357 Glover, 271 Glover, Lyman B., 124, 204, 207 Goddard, Albert, 320 Goessman, John G., 26 Goethe, J. C, 350 Goff, 9, 312 Goff, A. J., 29, 31 Gold, Daniel L., 220 Goldbeck, Robert, 92, 116 Golding, John F., 127 Goldsmith, 17 Goldsmith, John H., 353, 354 GoUiday, B. C, 182, 217 Goodall, E. F., 99, 115 Goodall, Frank C, 47 Goodall, H. L., 36, 37, 91, 98, 99, 115, 126, 136, 202, 319 Goodall, H. P., 98 Goodell, C. N., 56 Goodell, W. S., 236 Goodman, 7S, 99 Goodman, Edward, sSj 61 Goodman, Reverend Epaphras, 63 Goodman, F. M., 93 Goodner, M. M., 259 Goodno, W. Stuart, 75, 77 Goodrell, C. M., 98 Goodrell, J. H., 98 Goodrich, J. D., 137 Goodridge, Lorenz, 230 Goodspeed, James, 208 Goodspeed, Thomas W., 79 Goodyear, M. L., 275 Gordon, J. B., 45 Gordon, James R., 254 Grre, Albert, 47 Gore, G. W., 48 Gorrell, E., 232, 263 Gotchell, Doctor Horatio P., 303 Gotshall, J. F., 350 Goudy, Calvin., Mi, 203 Goudy, Ensley T., Ixii, 203 Goudy, George B., 323 Goudy, J. D., 333 Goudy, Robert, Sr., 203 Goudy, W. M., 176, 177 Gove, Aaron, 30, 104, 264 Gowell, 112, 169 Gower, " Professor,'' 25 Grable, 354 Grable, J. F., 198 Graden, H. M., 264 Graden, Hiram, 264 Graham, 67 Graham, George R., 68 SS8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Graham, George W., 241 Graham, J. A., 242 Graham, James H., 242, 263, 266, 11. i Graham, Joseph, 351 Graham, R. H., 244 Grandpr^, A., 71, 210, 211 Grandpr^, Carl, 137 Grant, Alexander F., 314 Grant, J. S., 177 Grant, O. B., 193 Grant, Ulysses S., Ixxxiv, 44 Grant, Walter J., 156 Grass, E. L., 325 Grass, W. L., 325 Grattan, 312 Grattan, H. G., 180, 251, 327 Gravenhorst, A., 170 Graves, F. W., s Graves, Judson, 27, 186, 268, 361 Graves, P. C, Sr., 258 Graves, Doctor S. W., 68 Gray, 41, 174, 294 Gray, Doctor Asa, 130 Gray, B. J., 298 Gray, Edward, 226 Gray, Doctor Elias W., 32 Gray, John, 229, 339 Gray, W. H., 43 Gray, William C, 102 Graybill, George R., 317, 318 Graybill, Thomas J., 317 Grear, John, 208 Grear, John W., 256, 257 Greathouse, Tevis, 195, 343 Greeley, Horace, xcv, c, 48, 66, 60, n., 79, 88, 107, 169, 211, 230, 248, 260, 290, 320, U. J. Green, David, 93 Green, Dode, 334 Green, H. P., 290 Green, J. W., 353 Green, James, 210 Green, Joseph N., 93 Green, Doctor Joseph, 20 Green, Judge, 250 Green, S. M., 290 Green, Mrs. S. M., 290 Green, T. P., lix, 305 Green, Reverend Thomas E., 321 Greenbaum, H. E., 113 Greene, 205 Greene, Alvin P., 330 Greene, R. G., 71 Greenlaw, T. B., 179 Greenleaf, 182 Greenleaf Simon, 312 Greenwood, N. S., 14 Gregg, 261, 349 Gregg- D- S., 207 Gregg, Thomas, 45, 195, 286, 348 Gregory, 251, 337, 339 Gregory, Charles E., r7i Gregory, J. M., 131 Greiner, 34r Greist, 217 Grevstad, Nicolay A., 87 Grider, Bart, 358 Gridley, General A., 27 Gridley, J. N., 346 Griffen, 148 Griffin, E. W., 237 Griffith, 39 Griffith, C. E., 222 Griffith, M. L., 178, 247 Griffiths, E., 123 Griggs, E. H., 299 Grimes, F. M., 243 Grimm, Franz, 22, 23 Grimshaw, William A., 284 Grimwood, 227 Grissom, F. O., 215 Griswold, Doctor C. A., r82 Griswold, Charles E., 164 Griswold, Davis S., S4 Gronefeld, Max, 22 Groom, John K., 245 Grosh, J. Frederick, 252 Grosoever, 170 Gross, George E., 79, 89 Gross, G. W., 253 INDEX TO NAMES SS9 Grottkau, P., 125, 130 Grove, 261 Grove, C. W., 3 Grove, Frank A., 248 Grove, J. R., 215 Grove, John H., 300 Grove, L. S., 13 Grover, Alonzo J., 165 Groves, T. J., 250 Grout, 182 Gruaz, Timothy, 199 Grubb, E. L., 196 Grubb, S. W., 186 Gruelle, Richard, 11 Guernsey, 248 Guernsey, George W., 173 Gueroult, 100 Guffin, Edward F., 275 Guilbert, no Guinipp, Lyman, 156 Gulick, H. W., 294 Gunn, John, 98 Gunn, Doctor R. A., 98 Gunther, C. F., 5, n. Gimtrum, Reverend E., 79 Gurley, John A., 55 Gustaf, Theden, 123 Gutes, Reischel, 133 Guy, R. M., 32 Gvfin, Horace, 41 Gyllenhaal, Anders Leonard, 87, 88 Haag, Frank, 168 Haagensen, Reverend A., 103, 122 Habel, H. M., 115 Habercom, L. W., 22, 25 Hacker, Charles F., 217 Hacker, W. A., 35 Hackett, Mrs. J. H., 205 Haddock, William, 48, 169 Hadley, Reverend W. H., 73 Haehnle, John, 239 Hageman, Andrew, 34 Hagestrom, John, 123 Hagle, Michael, 242 Hahn, A. W., 286 Hail, E. A., 231, 268 Haines, E. M., 77, 81 Hainline, W. H., 231 Hajek, J., 148 Hale, II Hale, B. E., 68 Hale, Doctor James I., 10 Halford, E. W., no Hall, Albert L., 172 Hall, B. F., 13 Hall, C. F., 24S Hall, E. A., 286 Hall, Eugene J., 117 Hall, Frank H., 159, 352, 361 Hall, George, 335 Hall, Henry H., 345 Hall, Henry M., 336 Hall, James, xxxii, xxxv, xxxv, u., xxxvi, xlii, xliii, xliv, Ix, Ixi, 6, 99, 314, 340, 341 Hall, M. v., 13. Hall, S. S., 2S7 Halle, R. J., 139 Haller, Ant., 148 Haller, T. F., 179 Hallner, Andrew, 123 Hallowell, F. P., 243, 344 Hakey, C. S., 76, 77, 85, 86 Hambaugh, J. S. H., 254 Hambaugh, James S., 205 Hamilton, 283 Hamilton, Archibald A., 166 Hamilton, August, 237 Hamilton, B. R., 261 Hamilton, C. H., 33 Hamilton, General C. S., Ixxxiv, n. Hamilton, L. M., 288 Hamilton, R. P., 68 Hammack, D. M., 136 Hammer, W. L., 157, 159 Hammond, B. F., 289 Hammond, C. E., 259 Hammond, Reverend H. L., 58, 83 Hammond, J. G., 27 Hampton, B. R., 231 S6o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Hampton, J. S., 302 Hampton, Thaddeus, 270 Hamsher, B. K., 157, 158 Hancock, 261 Hancock, General, 254 Hancock, Mrs. T. R., 261 Hancock, W. R., 177 Hande, Hallward, 124 Handsaker, Thomas, 350 Hanifin, M., 271 Hankohl, Frederick, 140 Hanna, 100, 266 Hanna, B. J. F., 7 51, 213 Hanna, F. D., 99 Hanna, G. W., 196 Hanna, J., rg6 Hanna, R. M., 280 Hanna, Robert P., 281 Hannah, 251 Hannon, C. D., 173 Hansen, Phil. C, 34 Hanson, Reverend J. W., 62 Hapeman, Douglas, 270 Haps, John, 165 Harbert, Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton, 145 Hardesty, J. L., 295 Hardin, Colonel John J., 203 Harding, George, 49, 50 Harding, J. O., 238 Harding, Jacob, 274, 316 Harding, W. P., 238 Hardy, 214 Harl, 186, 229 Harl, E. R., 349 Harl, George L., 241 Harlan, O. M., 245 Harlen, John, 199 Harlow, J., 151 Harmon, Augustus, 14, 15 Harner, G. C, 237 Harner, J. F., 273, 333 Harney, 166 Harney, John, 217 Harold, Vallee, 194, 317 Harper, Edward S., 201 Harper, George W., 272, 297 Harper, J. D., 222 Harper, John S., 11, 173, 177, 178, 201, 207, 232, 283, 306, 312, 33S, 346, 347 Harper, W., 201 Harr, William, 49 Harrell, Moses B., 36, 37, 249 Harrington, D. B., 90 Harrington, George J., 242 Harrington, N. W., 90 Harris loi Harris, C. F., 102, 120 Harris, C. H., no Harris, H. H., 48 Harris, John, 226 Harris, Morris, 2 Harris, O. B., 31 Harris, Penn, 154 Harris, S. C, 339 Harris, Samuel, 134 Harris, Reverend Samuel S., 141 Harrison, 45, 89 Harrison, A. Y., 155 Harrison, Carter H., 66 Harrison, Carter H., Jr., 66 Harrison, E. P., 180 Harrison, John H., 155 Harrison, Preston, 66 Harrison, S. J., 218 Harrison, William Henry, 298 Harshberger, 288 Hart, E. J., 206 Hart, Samuel O., 233 Harte, E. M., 50 Hartley, W. P., 310 Hartman, 331 Hartman, C. F., 259 Hartman, J. E., 151 Hartman, Joseph, 79 Hartmann, Earnhardt, 22 Harvey, E. J., 109 Harvey, G. A., 22, 23, 24 Haskell, Doctor George, 299, 300 Haskell, P. P., 80 INDEX TO NAMES S6i Haskell, William H., lo, 39, 275 Haskins, B. F., 185 Hasselquist, Reverend T. N., 74, 114, 185, 303 Hassett, 26, 246 Hatch, 142 Hatch, A. F., 144 Hathaway, W. E., 89 Hatton, T. M., 218 Hatze, 32s Hauck, Bartholomew, 21, 22, 291 Haughey, J. M., 238 Haughey, W. P., 221 Haven, Luther, 53, 54 Haven, Nat. A., 78 Haven, Victor H., 193 Haven, W. W., 193 Haverstick, Captain L. M., 244, 245, 304 Havilaud, C. Augustus, 89 Haviland, Mrs. C. Augustus, 129 Havill, Frank W., 250 Hawes, Alexander G., 237 Hawes, Charles R., 269 Hawes, F. M., 21 Hawkes, G. W., 35 Hawkins, 266 Hawkins, Willis B., 16 Hawley, 225 Hawley, A. G., 227 Hawley, Maria, no Hawley, S. W., 324 Haws, Charles R., 180, 181 Hay, George, 218 Hay, John B., 23 Hay, L. T., 359 Hay, P. H., 30 Hay, Doctor Walter, 57 Hayde, 80 Hayden, H. R., 78 Haydon, B. B., 330 Hayes, C. H., 271 Hayes, C. L., 44, 255, 256 Hayes, J. B., 313 Hayes, James J., 265 Hayes, Doctor Juston, 81 Hayes, P. C, 247 Haynes, G. M., 255 Hays, 68, 169 Hays, A. D., 189 Hays, C. L., 255, 256 Hayward, C. B., 208, 235 Hayward, C. W., 208 Hayward, Eugene, 199 Hayward, Colonel J. A., 273 Hayward, W. W., 235 Hazard, M. C, 84 Hazleton, 215 Headen, Walter C, 317 Healy, 92 Healy, C. E., 275 Heath, Alfred, 335 Heath, B. S., 277 Heaton, C. W., 130, 179 Heaton, William H., i, 214 HeazUtt, W. A., 358 Hedenschoug, A. W., 123 Hedley, F. Y., 34 Hedley, Will H., 207 Heinfelden, 22 Heiple, A. H., 350 Heiple, E. E., 350 Heirs, J., 293 Heirs, Thomas J., 293 Heirs, Tom L., 151 Hellmuth, 61 Helmer, B. Bradwell, 97 Hfelmer, Reverend CD., 114 Helmich, Anton, 295 Helmicj, A. C, 24 Helton, T. J., 234 Hemmens, H. D., 172 Hempler, F. W., 52 Hempstead, H. E., 208 Henderson, 263, 335 Henderson, Adam, 276 Henderson, A. G., 191 Henderson, Charles T., 336 Henderson, David, 144 Henderson, D. C, 208 S62 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Henderson, Hugh, 207 Henderson, James E., 139, 336 Henderson, John, 352 Henderson, R., 281 Henderson, S. R., 281 Henderson, W. L., 295 Hendricks, W. S., 286 Hennessey, D. L., 339 Henny, 350 Henrici, C. H., 292 Henrici, C. M., 30 Henry, Doctor, Ixxxvii, n. Henry, H. C, 211 Henry, H. L., 318 Henry, J. A., 228 Henry, J. E., 43, 200 Henry, W. J., 317 Henry, W. L., 210 Henschen, William, 82 Henssgen, Charles M., 208 Henzel, 8 Herbertz, H. J., 17 Hereford, Arthur Lee, 173, 241 Herndon, Elliott B., 324 Herrick, Doctor William B., 56 Herringshaw, Thomas W., 140 Hertel, Daniel, 24, 61 Hervey, T. W., 195 Hesing, A. C, 62 Hesing, Washington, 62 Hess, A. E., 17 Hess, Charles, 73 Hess, Henry, 43 Hess, W. W., 317 Hessin, WiUiam, 3 Hevener, 268 Hewitt, 35, 289 Hewitt, Charles A., loi Hewitt, E. C, 30, 31, 104, 264 Hewitt, Edgar A., 86 Hewitt, J. H., 288 Hewitt, John G., 335 Heyer, J. E. C, 79 Hibbard, 261 Hibbard, H. N., 85 Hickman, 343 Higbee, Chauncey L., Ixxxviii, 261 Higbee, Francis M., Ixxxviii, 261 Higbee, James H., 311 Higbee, James M., 311 Higgins, 70, 71, 254, 282 Higgins, Bryant, 266, 266, u. Higgins, Ebenezer, 289 Higgins, George H., 186, 216 Higgins, Henry, 358 Higgins, I. N., 322 Higgins, James M., 322 Hilbourn, C. S., 273 Hill, 280, 324 Hill, A., 80 Hill, A. D., 248, 290, 333 Hill, Bishop, 187 Hill, B. F., 27s Hill, F. H., 149 Hill, Thomas E., 15 Hill, William, 27, 31 Hillgaertner, 61 Hilliker, 248 Hinchclifife, John, 24 Hinckley, H. C, 295, 296 Hinckley, J. C, 251 Hindman, William M., 233 Hines, 242 Hines, WiUiam L., 81 Hinman, George Wheeler, in Hinners, Albert E., 347 Hinrichsen, 205 Hinson, J. M., 27 Hirsh, Joseph M., 100 Hirth, Frank, 143 Hise, John, 270 Hiser, 297 Hitchcock, 82, loi Hitchcock, Edward, 46, 193, 228, 232, 256 Hitchcock, F. B., 179 Hitchcock, Henry, 255, 256 Hitchcock, I. S., 310 Hitchcock, Reverend J., 40 Hitchcock, Doctor J. W., 279 INDEX TO NAMES 563 Hitchcock, Doctor Luke, 67 Hix, L. P., 332 Hix, Volaski, 332 Hjertquist, Gabriel, 138 Hoar, George E., 263 Hobart, Horace R., 132, 133, 204 Hobbs, 188 Hobbs, George A., 188 Hodder, John H., 14, 15, 359 Hoddy, O. P., 258, 259 Hodge, J. M., 203 Hodge, Josiah P., 191 Hodge, William Ivi, Ixxii, 342 Hoeffgen, Robert Bernhard, 57, 61 Hoeny, John, 169 Hoerner, John S., 199 Hoes, J. V. A., 270, 271 HofiE, G., 228 HoflEman, 140 Hoffman, B. E., 168, 199 Hoffman, F. W., 11, 161 Hoffman, G. P., 137 Hoffman, George C, 294 Hoffman, John W., 277 Hogan, Daniel, Jr., 250 Hogan, Daniel, Sr., 250 Hoge, Walter, 189, 262, 329 Hogg, 330 Hogg, John I., 233 Hogg, John M., 3 IS Hoiser, Henry, 79 Holbrook, 35, 282 Holbrook, A. S., 164 Holbrook, Reverend John C., 58 Holbrook, Reverend Z. S., 114 Holcomb, 46 Holcomb, Charles N., 53 Holcomb, H. F., 126 Holcomb, W. H., 185 Holdcraft, George N., 137 Holden, Charles, 4 Holding, Reverend, 40 HoUey, G. W., 282 HoUiday, George H., 41, 42, 34S HoUinger, A. B., 251 Hollinger, I. V., 251 HoUingsworth, 155, 235 HoUister, E. T., 253 Holly, William, 77 Holman, Peter, 334 Holmes, 192, 275, 296 Holmes, A. B., 29, 30, 32 Holmes, C. B., 50, 175 Holmes, J. M., 247 Holmes, John H., 107 Holmes, John W., 65 Holmes, Oliver, 176, 177 Holmes, William H., 52 Holt, Benjamin, 299 Holt, Charles, 210 Holt, Clarence E., 210 Holton, Frank E., 271 Holton, Robert C, 155 Hommes, L., 169 Homrighous, E., 318 Honnold, William S., 73 Hood, Benjamin S., 200, 22v Hood, Doctor H. H., 226 Hoodless, Gerrit L., 105 Hooker, Smith, 196 Hoover, Edward S., 328 Hoover, Mrs. J. F., 349 Hopkins, 150, 179 Homaday, 81 Horner, J. F., 154 Homer, W. B., 67, 68 Horniday, 196 Homish, 90 Horsley, Thomas J., 297, 312 Horsford, Major James H., 188 Horton, 103, 104, 309 Horton, C. G., 97 Hosea, 246 Hosea, Eli H., 157, 323 Hosteller, V. N., 159 Hostetter, Doctor J. L., 251 Hotchkiss, Arthur, 336 Hough, H. A., 170, 188, 331 Houghawout, Frederick S., 207 Houghton, 238 S64 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Houghton, H. H., 183, 184 Houser, 173 Houser, Joseph, 139 Houtz, Thomas F., 310 Hovey, Charles E., 280 Howard, 92 Howard, B. Frank, 96 Howard, General Charles H., 122, 123, 140 Howard, H. H., 206 Howard, H. R., 249 Howard, J. P. M., 170 Howard, Nina F., 140 Howard, Otis McGaw, 140 Howard, Phocian, 156 Howard, William A., 225 Howe, C. E., 35, 195 Howe, J. H., 214 Howe, John F., 349 Howell, 230 Howell, C. F., loi Howell, W. H., 189 Howie, Hugh M., 79 Howlett, John, 313 Howlett, John R., 218 Howorth, Thomas J., 52 Hoyne, William, 280 Hoyt, Charles C, 105, 109 Hubbard, 201 Hubbard, George C, 309 Hubbard, Laiura M., no, in Hubbard, W. A., 44 Huddle, F. E., 326 Hudelson, W. H., 228 Hudson, George, 162 Hudson, J. T., 3 Hudson, W. P., 207 Huegy, Maurice, 199 Huett, J. W., 248 Huffman, 220 Hughes, 251, 318 Hughes, Arnold, 195, 256 Hughes, F. M., 25 Hughes, G. W., 152 Hughes, Jean A., 251 Hughes, J. F., 330 Hughes, N. R., 152 Hughes, Perry, 152 Hughes, W. D., 251 Hughs, J. W., 24 Huhn, Henry, 24 Hiuskamp, 66 Hulbert, E. M., 264 Hulburd, H. R., 69 Hulburt, Rev. T. B., 5 Hulett, Guy, 282 Huling, Reverend A. H., loi, 114, 127 Hull, Reverend A., 139, 146 Hull, C. E., 310 Hull, J. A., 40 Hull, James, 36, 161 Hull, John, 30, 104 Hull, John A., 36, 40, 161 Hull, P. C, 290 Humble, 3 Humphrey, 257 Humphrey, H. S., 270, 343 Humphrey, Reverend Z. M., 83 Humphreyville, William, 197 Hungerford, T. A., 93 Hunt, 313 Hunt, J. W., 296 Hunter, William, 36 Hurd, Jarvis D., 179, 338 Hurlbut, Doctor John E., 98 Hurlbut, J. S., 62 Hurlbutt, Stephen A., Ixxxiv Hurless, 251 Hurless, Reverend Parker, 287 Hurst, Henry, 214 Hurst, S. L., 126 Hurtt, Clarence B., 244 Hurwood, Grace, 91 Hutchin, 135 Hutchin, George M., 32 Hutchinson, 37, 250 Hutchinson, J. B., 200, 226 Hutchinson, J. M., 196 Hutchinson, Mrs. Mary, 37 Hyatt, Isaiah S., 188, 299, 300 INDEX TO NAMES S6S Hyde, G. A., 202, 222 Hyde, Doctor James Nevins, 57 Hyde, William, 327 Hyde, William E., 23 Hynes, S. B., 194 Hynes, T. W., 194 Ilger, James A., 331 Inez, Mrs., 277 Ingalls, E. S., 333 Ingalls, John J., 345 IngersoU, Robert G., 120, 233 Ingham, C, 13 Ingham, Cyrus B., 55, 210 Ingham, G., 13 Ingram, 257 Ireland, James, 188 Ironmonger, 204, 205 Irons, D. D., 278 Irvin, Bell, 41 Irvine, J. P., 301 Irwin, B. H., 253 Irwin, James M., 158 Irwin, J. B., 277 Irwin, J. D., 277 Isherwood, George, 333 Israel, 206 Israel, Frank, 177 Ivers, J. P., 128 Ives, W. E., 9 Ivins, Charles, Ixxxviii Jack, S. S., 158, IS9 Jackiven, 166 Jackson, Andrew, 322 Jackson, Jefferson, 147 Jackson, John, 5° Jackson, W. D., 250 Jackson, William B., 118 Jacobs, 150, 156 Jacobs, J. H., 26 Jacobs, P. H., 140 Jacobs, William B., 132 Jacquith, 274 Jahn, George, 17 James, 96 James, Alonzo, 189 James, D. D., 239 James, John, 32 Jameson, 138, 324 Jamison, M. H., 268 Jamison, Samuel, 150 Janney, E. S., 272 Jaquith, J. W., 338 Jarrott, 165 Jarrott, Vital, 202 Jarvis, James N., 337 Jay, 37 Jayne, William, 326 Jefferson, 108 Jefferson, E. S., 141 Jefferson, W. J., 80 Jelliff, Fred K., 186 Jenks, C. W., 96 Jenkins, A. M., 256, 257 Jenkins, G. H., 243 Jenkins, William H., 244 Jenne, D. J., 328 Jennings, 67 Jensch, J. A., 102 Jensen, Reverend N. P., 135 Jerauld, H. A., 351 Jerome, C. W., 40 Jervis, Frank I., 139 Jewell, Hiram, 68 Jewell, J. S., 123 Jewell, W. R., 155, 156 Jewett, Doctor Charles, 68 Jewett, W. O. L., 254 Jiylnskc, Doctor J. Rudis, 148 John, 194, 3SS John, C. H., 50, SI John, Chalkly, 328 John, George E., 351 John, H. L., 328 John, M. D., 328 Johns, Peter M., 310 Johnson, 28, 153, 161, 243, 254, 287, 3°9. 345 Johnson, A. E., 74 Johnson, Benjamin E., 200, 226 Johnson, B. W., 82 S66 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Johnson, Charles H., 193, 209, 305, 355 Johnson, C. P., 320 Johnson, E., 9 Johnson, Daniel E. H., 307 Johnson, E. M., 288 Johnscn, Eric, 108, 187 Johnson, H. A., 56 Johnson, Hale, 3 Johnson, Henry, 209, 258, 259, 305, 355 Johnson, J. C, 246 Johnson, Reverend J. H., 103 Johnson, John W., 316, 317, 318 Johnson, Samuel, 224 Johnson, T. F., 359 Johnson, W. J., 181 Johnston, A., 291 Johnston, De Witt C, 307 Johnston, George W., 344 Johnston, Timoleon Oscar, 269 Jones, 181, 235, 259, 287, 303 Jones, B. F., 151 Jones, B. O., 241, 249 Jones, C, 314 Jones, Charles, 203 Jones, Charles A., 244 Jones, Charles E., 131 Jones, Edward, 322 Jones, Edward U., 134 Jones, H. C, 288 Jones, I. B., 233 Jones, James, 182 Jones, General J. Blackburn, 320 Jones, Jenkin Lloyd, 142 Jones, Joseph G., 236 Jones, Colonel J. W. C, 136 Jones, Kiler K., 55 Jones, O. v., 221 Jones, Russell F., 151 Jones, Samuel R., 272 Jones, S. N., 254 Jones, S. S., 84, 117, 308, 309 Jones, William, 209 Jones, William E., 213 Jones, William L., 221 Jones, William W., 204 Jordan, W. B., 273 Joslyn, 170 Joslyn, Reverend A. J., 60, 170 Joslyn, M. L., 359 Jouvenat, Charles, 242, 351 Joy, Andrew, 44 Joy, E., 44 Joy, Thomas L., 44, 47, 251 Joy, Vern E., 47 Judd, George, 322 Judd, Orange, S4 Judkin, H. B., 9 Judson, 118, 181 Judson, C. K., 180 Judson, E. Z. C, 42 Judson, Jedediah, 22 Judy, Charles E., 153 "June, Jenny," 300 Junkin, S. F., 115 Kale, 359 Kane, Elias Kent, xli, xliii, xlviii, 212 Kappis, 279 Karl, George L., 335 Karr, John W., 173, 174 Kattmann, August, 22 Kaysbier, Doctor S. S., 335, 336 Kayser, 43 Keady, George B., 211 Keady, George W., 242 Keady, William F., 210, 211, 242 Kearney, J. J., 83, 86 Keating, 195 Keebler, H. H., 190 Keegan, M. F., 156 Keeler, Alson W., 25 Keeley, C. J., 174 Keelman, William, 350 Keen, D. E., 251 Keen, W. B., 57, 124 Keifer, 223 Keiser, Jacob, 267 Keith, C. W., 257 Keith, John T., 344 Kellam, S. K., 342 Kellar, C. M., 335 INDEX TO NAMES 567 Keller, C. A., 236 Kelley, 261 Kelley, J. W., 270 Kelligar, Thomas, 273 Kellogg, A. N., Ixxxix, 72, 73, 90, 96, 104 Kellogg, A. W., 288 Kellogg, G. H., 240 Kellogg, J. H., 101 Kelly, Dennis T., 328 Kelly, James, SS Kelly, James J., 59 Kelly, Matthew P., 352 Kelly, Thomas, 211 Kelly, W. W., 115 Kelsey, 308 Kelsey, C. E., 25 Kemp, L. B., 31 Kendall, 228 Kendall, H. F., 239 Kendrick, Charles, 254 Kenegy, Doctor C. H., 287 Kennaday, James, 342, 343 Kennar, J. L., 150 Kennedy, 86 Kennedy, Mrs. Inez, 162 Kennedy, James A., 350 Kennedy, Mrs. James L., 46 Kennedy, J. M., 69 Kennedy, Robert V., 79 Kennedy, Samson, 244, 245 Kennedy, S. M., 82 Kennedy, W. M., 162 Kennicott, John A., 54 Kent, C. W., 40 Kent, W., 142 Kenyon, H. A., 164 Keogh, Edward, 16, 170, 171 Kerr, Charles H., 142 Kerr, D., Jr., 79 KeiT, J. N., 47 Kern, Fred J., 22, 23 Kerns, 322 Kessinger, S. W., 226 Kessner, 33 Ketcham, C. B., 160, 197, 243 Ketcham, F., 197 Ketchum, W. L., 222, 344 Kidd, T. W. S., 32s Kieffer, John P., 304 Kiesselbach, Otto, 241 Kilborn, L. S., 237 Killian, B. D., 75 Kilpatrick, James D., 155 Kimball, 24, 137, 164, 226, 301, 320 Kimball, D., 128 Kimball, E. P., 345 Kimball, G. F., Ixxxix, 21, 159, 259 Kimball, Henry M., 42 Kimball, H. P., 300 Kimball, Mrs. Lou H., 90 Kimball, M. S., 321 Kimble, R. L., 27 Kimmel, A. W., xlii Kimmel, Singleton H., 314, 314 n. Kincaid, E. C, 170 Kiner, Henry L., 188 King, 76, 77 King, Charles M., 3, 34, 223, 261, 309 King, E. D., 152 King, H. A., 114 King, Henry, 217 King, James L., 217 King, John M., 298 King, Rufus, 118 Kingman, Lucius, 292 Kingsbury, E. S., 220 Kinnear, 276 Kinney, 289 Kinney, William, xlviii Kinney, William C, 21, 22 Kinyon, A., 9 Kirby, Ralph E., 350 Kircher, 24 Kirk, James W., 165 Kirkland, C. W., 304 Kirkpatrick, J. A., 219 Kirkpatrick, James, 278 Kirkpatrick, R. D., 27 Kitchell, E., 266 S68 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Kitchell, Alfred, 265 Kitchell, John W., 200 Kjellberg, Isidor, 107 Kjoss, 63 Klein, 131, 137 Klein, Peter, 15, 16 Kleinwot, 8 Kloke, II KJiapp, 3S7 Knapp, George, 201 Kuapp, H. S., 106 Knapp, J. E., 290 Knapp, J. J., 197 Knapp, Lyman E., 12, 233, 234, 332, 338 Knapp, Nathan M., 258 Knapp, William, 52 Knappen, Philander, Ixxxvii, 298 Knickerbocker, Oscar B., 14 Knight, 103 Knight, H. B., 25 Knobelsdorf, C, 79 Knodell, W. M., 176 Knodle, Emanuel, 252 Knodle, Jonathan, 252 Knodle, Samuel, 253 Knoles, S. S., 283 Knonr, Charles E., 224 Knotts, George W., 223 Knox, 196 Koch, Doctor Ignatius, 69 Koeber, 277 Koerner, Gustav, Ixxix, n; 22; 22, n; 202 Koester, John, 30 Kohlsaat, H. H., iii Kolb, P. J., 250 Koonce, E. W., 332 Korth, Louis, 292 Koudy, 223 Krafft, Joseph L., 167 Kraft, Fred W., 22 Krebs, William E., 247 Kreige, Herman, 61 Kremer, 261 Krepps, Albert L., 295 Krepps, J. A., 351 Kribs, 353 Kron, Charles, 102 Kriiger, 23 Krumme, 158 Krumme, H., 181 Krumsick, F., 260 Kuck, J. A., 244 Kuffner, William C, 22 Kuhl, W., 70 Kuhlman, Reverend Charles, 237 Kurz, C. T., 199 Kutz, 248 Kyles, 289 Lacy, A. H., 293 Ladd, 251 Ladd, A. W., 267 Laighton, G. A., 181, 182 Lake, 78 Lake, Honorable A. C, 210 Lakey, Charles D., 91 Lakin, 313 Lakin, Ira D., 343 Lakin, Jesse, 343 Lakin, T. N., 343 Lakin, W. T., 262, 305, 354 Lamar, Charles H., 195 Lamb, 327 Lamb, Charles H., 191 Lamb, W. P., 299 Lamberson, 117 Lambert, 17, 261 Lambert, J. J., 2 Lamertine, Alexander, 304 Lament, Hugh, 301 Lamont, Reverend Thomas J., 144, 301 Lander, Nat., 220 Landon, 103 Landon, Albert W., no, 142 Landon, Martha J., no Lane, 275, 283 Lane, J. W., 185 Lane, James S., 255 Lane, M. T., 134, 137, 145 INDEX TO NAMES S69 Lane, R. W., 50 Lane, William, 50 Langdon, 70 Langdon, Addison L., 293 Langdon, James J., 291 Langdon, James L., 56 Langdon, Y. M., 166 Langeland, Kund, 87 Langellier, August, 352 Langeloth, Moritz, 116 Langmayer, Josef, 119, 147 Lammy, John, 195 Lanphere, 184 Lanphier, Charles H., 322 Lansden, J. M., 36, 37 Lanstrum, F. A., 216 Lantz, D. O., 117, 180 Larash, W. I., 308 Larkee, George, 216 Lars, Lee, 67 Larson, F. A., 138 Lason, Henry P., 269 Lathrop, E. M., 6, 193 Latshaw, W. D., 50, 250, 274, 315 Latshaw, W. E., 25 r Lauck, Frank W., 33 Lauren, R. E., 28r, 347 Laurence, L. B., 164 Law, 82 Law, Rolla A., 75, 82 Law, Wilson, Ixxxviii Law, William, Ixxxviii, 261 Lawrence, Charles B., 292 Lawrence, John S., 276 Lawson, Richard F., 169, 248 Lawson, Victor F., 87, 127 Leacock, 313 Leacock, W. J., 248 Leake, C. M., ir Leal, L. T., 183, 184 Leas, 245 Le Baron, Francis, 121 Le Baron, John K., 171 Lebell, Doctor A. C, 90, r29 Lechner, George S., 304 Leckie, A. S., 299 Le Crone, George M., 169 Lederer, T40 Lee, 45, 64, 115 Lee, Charles L., 50 Lee, John W., 328 Leedham, W. H., 215 Leek, C. M., 223 Leffingwell, Reverend Charles W., 141, 216 Legge, C. S., 192 Legget, i6r Leggett, E. H., 269 Leib, Charles, 70, 77 Leibrock, Philip, 237, 238 Leigh, 202 Leigh, H. G., 17 Leigh, Horace J., 40 Leland, A., 196 Leland, Frank, 174 Leland, M. F., 30 Lemley, John, 301 Lemmers, C. A., 359, 360 Lemon, E. H., 283 Lemon, J. E., 135 Lengerke, August von, 22 Leonard, 103, 104 Leonard, Reverend J. C, 142 Leonard, W. H., 337 Leslie, A. M., 125, 147 Leslie, Frank, 86 Lespinasse, Ray, 145 Lester, O. B., 337 Leverett, Washington, 4 Levis, M. M. de, 272 Lewis, 9, 182, 188, 334 Lewis, Andrew, 339 Lewis, Clark A., 18 Lewis, Dio, rr8 Lewis, E. J., 28 Lewis, E. N., 143 Lewis, F. W., 297 Lewis, H. N. F., 80, 91, 92, loj, 138 Lewis, Nathaniel H., 355 Lewis, Thomas, 36, 325 S70 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS L'Hote, Edward, 236, 243 Lichtenberger, C. T., 175 Lichtenberger, J. D., 176 Lick, 349 Lieb, 81 Lieb, Hermann, 69, 86, 88, 126 Lieberknecht, Adam, 188, 304 Lieberknecht, George, 304 Lilly, H. S., 358 Lincoln, Abraham, Ixxviii, Ixxxiii, Ixxxiv, jii., Ixxxv, II., 7, 48, 60, n., 65, n., 66, 216, 266, 271,307,336, 338, 3S7 Lincoln, John, 6 Lincoln, Thomas, 86 Lincoln, William S., 6 Lindahl, 143 Lindahl, Reverend S. P. A., 114, 303 Lindell, Charles O., 137, 139 Lindemann, Edward, 22 Linderborg, Carl Gustaf, 88 Lindley, 45 Lindsay, A. S., 330 Lindsay, W. D., 313 Lindsay, 16, 249 Lindsay, A. S., 11 Lindsay, Amasa S., 337 Lindsay, Mrs. Harriet C, 69 Lindsay, R. R., 69 Lindsey, John, 158, 159, 280 Lindsay, John H., 52, 296 Lindsley, D. P., 128 Lingenbarg, J., 126 Linkins, Jamas, 32 Linn, Elder, 318 Linnehan, F. M., 244 Linstrand, Frans A., 138 Linz, George, 292, 293 Lippincott, Thomas, xli, 3, 5, 166 Lischar, C. J., 238 • Lisiewski, F., 139 List, Robert, 133 Litchfield, George B., 226 Little, 33S Little, E. Porter, 71 Little, Sam, 200 Little, William E., 207 Littlefield, Charles, 236, 237 Littlafield, Chass, 236 Littlefield, John, 236 Linton, J. F., 282 Linton, N., 282 Livengood, William E., 156 Livermore, D. R., 62 Livarmore, Mrs. Mary, 62 Livingston, 211 Lloyd, 98, 105, 127 Lloyd, J. WilUam, 317 Lloyd, William B., 140 Lochrie, P., 48, 339 Locke, 207 Locke, Morris, R., 207, 306 Lockatt, Frank, 230 Lockhart, T. L., 230 Lodge, W. E., 246 Logan, 258 Logan, D. L., 258, 259 Logan, E., 272, 297 Logan, Reverend J. B., 7, 8 Logan, J. T., 332 Logan, John A., Ixxxii, 120 Lohman, 277 Lohmann, Christian, 169, 325 Lohmann, H. C, 169 Lohr, Adelbert, 22 Lomasney, William Mackay, 94 Long, J. D., 267 Long, J. T., 311 Long, Peter, 194 Long, Richard, F., 310 Loofbarrow, 3 Loomis, Doctor C. E., 10 Loomis, George N., 294 Loomis, Hubbell, 61 Lord, Amasa, 171, 172 Loring, 183 Loring, Walter B., 154 Lothrop, 342 Louis, 98 Lovejoy, Elijah P., Ixiv, Ixv, Ixvi, Ixvii, 5 INDEX TO NAMES 571 Lovelace, 273 Loveless, 155 Low, Peter, 248 Lowdennilk, 13 Lowe, 34, 151, 244, 267 Lowe, E. H., 35 Lowe, John, 11 Lowe, John B., 267 Lowery, T. B., 220 Lowis, W. W., 194, 218, 221 Lowman, Frank D., 311 Lowrie, 171 Lowrie, A. H., 171 Lowry, 288 Lowiy, Charles E., 189 Lowry, Emanuel, 189 Lowry, J. P., 189 Lowry, James, 270 Lowry, James, A., 172 Lowry, Russell, 189 Lucas, 243 Lucas, A. G., 213 Lucas, Josiah M., 203 Luce, Reverend Andrew, 40 Luckens, W. J., 150 Ludi, N. J., 270 Ludlam, Doctor R., 68, 85 Lugans, 277 Luken, S. S., 250 Luken, W. C, 220 Lukins, A. J., 313 Lumpkin, C. J., 41 Lumpkin, W. J., 4r Lundy, B. Clark, 289 Limdy, Benjamin, S3, i97 Lunt, loi, 107 Luntz, 277 Luse, F. F., 29 Luse, 91 Lusk, 4S Lusk, D. W., 277, 315, 326 Lusk, H. H., 266 Lusk, J. W., 19 Lusk, John F., 234 Lutes, Ira, 297 Lyman, 126, 170 Lynch, Jesse, 217 Lynch, Philip, 198 Lyndon, 229 Lyon, 83, 84, 92, 94, 97 Mabie, John S., 79 Macauley, John, 165 Mace, S. C, 25, 194 Machesney, R. C, rr4 Mack, Charles M., 328 Mack, Theodore H., 328 Mackay, John D., 162 Mackey, A. A., 359 Mackey, A. G., 80 Macklin, James, 26 Magee, H., 324 Magie, 39 Magie, E. R., 39 Magie, James K., 39, 45, 231, 268 Magner, R. H., 358 Magruder, Fred T., 330 Mahan, Isaac S., 223 Mahan, Jacob C, 223 Mahoney, J., 98 Mahony, Jeremiah, 113, 131 Makk, Doctor E. H., 30 Mallory, I. M., 265 Malloy, R. V., 263, 333, 354 Malone, A., 272 Malone, E. D., 241 Malone, George A., 44 Maloney, N. V., 349 Manford, Reverend E., 70 Manford, Mrs. H. B., 70 Manier, 45 Manier, Wesley H., 217 Manley, F. C, r92, 250 Manley, M. F., 332 Manlove, Louis A., 302 Mann, 51 Manning, 332 Mansfield, C. F., 326 Mantz, W. H., 47, 255 Maple, T., 39 Marder, 91 572 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Maxks, Daniel, 193 Marlett, Isaac, 13, 308 Marley, F. E., 286 Marley, J. M., 285 Marnell, John P., 12, 256 Marquis, C. C, 28 Marscholk, A. H., 209 Marsh, 77 Marsh, C. W., 121 Marsh, E. D., 300 Marsh, H. N., 208 Marsh, J. B. T., 88 Marsh, Jerome L., 278 Marshall, Abraham, 307 Marshall, J. Birney, 36 Marshall, John, Ivi Marshall, John R., 285, 361 Marshall, Samuel D., 314 Marshall, Thomas, 123 Marshall, Waldo H., 143 Marshutz, W. B., 317 Marsland, George H., no Marston, C. C, 122 Martenson, John, 134 Martin, 230, 257, 283 Martin, Calvin, 328 Martin, Elgin H., 169, 317 Martin, G. W., 339 Martin, George, zo Martin, Gershom, 173, 185, 205 Martin, Harry, 329 Martin, Harry M., 317 Martin, Horace L., 317 Martin, I. J., 330 Martin, J. B., 201, 306 Martin, J. H., 158 Martin, James A., 346 Martin, James L., 359 Martin, John A., 49 Martin, M. B., 169 Martin, Park T., 155, 317 Martin, S. P., 299 Martin, W. T., 333 Martineau, Harriet, Ivi Marvell, John L., 12 Maskell, W. J., 146 Mason, 154 Mason, Edward, 80 Mason, George E., 50, 232 Mason, Ira J., 144 Mason, J. W., 217 Mason, L. B., 62 Mason, Perry, 191, 206 Mason, R. B., 102 Massic, P. H., 78 Masterson, Reverend John J., 94 Mastin, J. William, 252, 312 Mastin, Jethro, 313 Matejka, J. V., 119 Matheney, 150 Mather, John H., 125 Matherly, Lon S., 343 Mathews, George, 120 Mathews, M. M., 179 Mathews, M. W., 339 Mathews, Trevanyon L., 347 Mathews, William, 114 Mathews, W. D., 305 Mathews, W. S. B., 80, 86, 92 Matlack, Reverend D., 309 Matlack, E. G., 296 Matlack, James A., 52, 259 Matlack, Doctor W. E., 260 Matlack, William H., 52 Matter, Newton E., 355 Matteson, 309 Matteson, Andr^, 66, 76 Matthey, H., Jr., 328 Mattison, 311 Mattson, Hans, 87, 88 Mauley, Reverend W. E., 62 Mavity, John M., 38 Mawley, F. C, 175 Maxey, B. M., 179 Maxwell, Cortez, 349 May, Charles, 296 Mayhall, W. S., 348 Maynard, Charles E., 194 Mayo, E. L., 331 Mayo, Z. B., 331 INDEX TO NAMES S73 McAUaster, 126 McAtee, Frank R., 52 McAtee, George W., 287 McAulley, Darb., 20 McBane, W. A., 242 McBeth, 225 McBride, John, 51, 52 McBurney, Doctor E., 228 McCall, 186 McCall, James S., 180, 181, 221 McCarmack, Andrew, 323 McCartney, J. F., 241, 242 McCarty, W. C, 117 McCaulley, S. D., 197 McChesney, 190 McChesney, J., 58 McClaharty, 265 McClaughiy, R. W., 45 McCleave, H. C, 220 McClellan, 55 McClelland, 185 McClelland, Edward, 193 McClelland, Isaac, 47 McClelland, J. S., 9 McClemand, 314, 315 McClemand, John A., Ixxxii McCluer, C. W., 180, 181 McClung, Edward, 177 McClure, F. W., 119 McClure, Reverend J. B., 71, 114 McColIum, J. T., 228 McCoUum, Robert, 228 McComas, E. W., 65, 73 McComas, W. Scott, iii McConnell, A., 49 McConnell, G. M., 124 McConnell, W. M., 49 McCord, M. L., 12, 46, 258, 296 McCormick, 295 McCormick, Cyrus H., 65, 73, ro2 McCormick, J. L., 282 McCormick, Medill, 60 McCormick, W. E., 358 McCosh, G. G., 246, 306 McCoy, 149 McCoy, A. G., 75 McCoy, Captain Ben W., 150, 151 McCoy, D., 333 McCoy, James, 181 McCracken, John S., 315 McCracken, W. H., 3x5 McCreery, W. W., 27 McCuUogh, Joseph B., 85 McDermott, C. H., 138 McDill, 7S McDill, Reverend A. T., 149 McDonald, 285, 342 McDonald, A. B., 191 McDonald, J. S., 208, 227 McDonald, J. P., 241 McDonald, John, 276 McDonald, Leon, 227 McDonald, S. D., 185 McDonough, Miss T. A., 296 McDonough, T. J., 296 McDougal, George B., 239 McDowell, A. O., 295 McDowell, Charles, 222 McDowell, F. H. B., 218 McDowell, Reverend J. S., 345 McDowell, William, 222 McElheney, S. H., 151 McElvain, Frank C, 239 McElwain, E. T., 283 • McEIwain, Frank, 106 McFadden, Alfred, 180, 181, 248 McFie, IS3 McGalliard, Andrew, 223 McGarvey, John, 233 McGinnis, 35, 285 McGinnis, C. C, 43 McGlynn, P. S., 245 McGown, Robert, 191 McGown, Thomas, 191 McGrath, T. L., 330 McGraw, William E., 143 McGready, J. I., 206 McGready, J. J., 206 McGreer, John, 112, 134, 136 McGrere, H., 302 S74 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS McGrew, H. C, 183 McGrew, William A., 335 McGuire, Thomas J., xlviii, 166 McHem'y, Robert, 51, 52 McHose, J. J., 358 Mclnemey, James J., 9 Mcintosh, Alexander, 32, 208, 356 Mclntyre, 238 Mclntyre, Charles, 240 Mclntyre, W. H., 240 Mclver, Duncan C, 263, 306 Mclver, W. T., 306 McKee, 267 McKee, James, 261, 348 McKee, John W., 36 McKee, Robert, 284 McKeen, N. O., 236 McKeighan, A. H., 202, 360 McKeighan, W. A., 361 McKelvey, H. A., 320 McKenzie, A. B., 223 McKenzie, Daniel, 338 McKian, P. J. V., loi McKinley, J. B., 155 McKinney, 209 McKinney, Reverend David, 71 McKinney, W. C, 197 McKinstry, A. E., 188 McKinzie, 196 McKnight, C, 124 McLachlan, 113 McLaffy, 274 McLaughlin, A., 196 McLean, John, xxiv McLean, L. A., 339 McManus, Isaac, 214 McMaster, 189 McMaster, Frank, 309 McMillan, O. F., 51, 319, 320 McMuUen, J. B., 84 McMurtrie, James, 50 McNabb, James, 44, 45, 195 McNally, 109 McNeely, J. T., 283 McNeer, 35 McNeill, Doctor F. A., 252 McNichols, C. S., 245 McPike, John M., 6 McRae, xcviii McSweeney, Eugene, 299, 302 McVicker, Brock L., 134 Meacham, A. G., 33, 192 Meacham, Milton M., 354 Mead, Charles B., 189 Mead, T. W., 282 Mead, W. R., 5, n. Meades, William T., 277 Meador, J. W., 229 Meagher, John, 129 Meaney, Ezra B., 250 Meaney, W. B., 250 Mechler, George V., 317 Medill, James C, 54, 73 Medill, Joseph, Ixxii, xci, 59, 60, 60, n. Medill, William H., 54 Meek, Edwin G., 56 Meek, W. D., 173, 222 Meggy, Percy R., 127 Meginness, John F., 41, 282 Mehaffey, 263 Mehaffy, J. W., 220 Mehl, 344 Meigs, Charles, 162 Meigs, Charles, Jr., 286 Meisenbach, Franz, 240 Melin, P. E., 245 Mellander, Carl Anton, 88 Melvill, R. T., 351 Menard, Pierre, 213 Mendenhall, 204 Mercer, 18 Mercer, C. M., 344 Mercer, E. K., 290 Merchant, Frank J., 338 Meredith, Samuel C, 321 Merrill, 158, 240 Merrill, Frank C, 33 Merrill, H. T., 87 Merrill, James G., 279 Merrill, Orville B., 16, 18 INDEX TO NAMES S7S Merrill, William C, 33 Merriman, C. P., 28, 29 Meniman, Henry P., 29 Menitt, Edward L., 310, 322 Merritt, John H., 309, 311 Merritt, John W., Ixxx, 20, 309, 310, 322 Merritt, Joseph D., 310, 322 Merritts (the), 41 Merwin, James B., 69, 91 Meserve, Frank C, 220 Messenkop, W. H., 289, 290 Metcalf, 67 Metcalf, Henry, 252 Metschan, 22 Metzer, C. W., 221 Meyer, 8 Meyer, H., 32 Meyer, Orah E., 284 Meyers, 29 Meyers, B. H., 72 Meyers, J. T., 218 Meyers, M. W., 327 Michaelis, J., 106 Michaelis, Richard, 107 Michaelis, Walter R., 62, 107 Michaels, D. D., 86 Mick, A. E., 283 Millard, James E., 218 Miller, zlviii, 9, 29, 38, 102, in, 141, ISS, 166, 186, 202, 249, 348 Miller, A. P., 112 Miller, Major Asa, 50, 157, 159, 337 Miller, Charles L., 269, 299 Miller, D., 301 Miller, D. D. L., 287 Miller, Emily Huntington, 83 Miller, G. B., 343 Miller, Gilbert L., 40 Miller, H. R., 228, 343 Miller, James P., 269 Miller, James R., 206, 241, 326 Miller, John E., 83 Miller, Mrs. Mary P., 326 Miller, R. H., 33 Miller, Robert E., 172 Miller, Valentine, 250 Milligan, Thomas, 246 Mills, B. H., 8 Mills, Benjamin, 183 Mills, F. B., 13, 223, 225, 350 Mills, F. M., 198 Mills, Henry I., xlviii, n. Mills, J. P., 139 Mills, M. B., 180 Mills, R. A., 151 Mills, W. S., 102 Milton, 192, 345, 357 Milton, W. E., 190, 263, 319 Minard, Ira, 308 Miner, 45 Miner, Charles, 358 Miner, E. C, 321 Miner, Lewis H., 321, 322 Miner, Thomas, 358 Mitchel, W. H., 10, 209 Mitchell, yi, 19, 146 Mitchell, Arthur J., 120 Mitchell, David, 268 Mitchell, E. A., 150 Mitchell, E. E., 234 Mitchell, Forrest H., 19, 347 Mitchell, Harley B., 120 Mitchell, M. W., 120 Mitchell, Russell B., 28 Mitchell, S. M., 233 Mitchell, T. J., 150 Mitchell, Thomas M., 234 Mitchell, William N., 233 Mize, 158 Mize, G. W., 247 Mize, William J., 48, 330 Mock, A. W., 85 Mock, C. P., 331 Mock, M. L., 297 Mock, W. E., 331 Moffett, H. R., 246 Moffit, John, 176 Mold, John, 8 MoUoy, John C, 189 576 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Mondy, James D., 163, 191, 223, 246, 249, 296, 330 Monger, John A., 282 Montag, Carl, 237 Montague, E. J., 20, 51 Monteith, G. A., 336 Monteith, M. M., 34, 360 Montgomery, 238 Montgomery, A. K., 179 Montgomery, H. H., 44 Montressor, H. F., 332 Montressor, Howard, 159 Moody, 33 Moody, J. D., 229 Moon, John J., 58 Moon, John M., 227 Moon, Sanford, 279 Mooney, William, 32 Moore, 43 Moore, A., 135 Moore, A. M., 18 Moore, C. W., 274 Moore, Charles H., 148 Moore, Charles J., 121 Moore, D. D., 310 Moore, '^ . P., 267 Moore, Ensley, Ixxx, n., Ixxxi, n., 205 Moore, Frank, 52 Moore, Fred E., 46 Moore, George W., 221 Moore, Gladstone, 360 Moore, H. H., 11 Moore, I. H., 48 Moore, J. H., 218, 306 Moore, N. O., 139 Moore, R. H., 245 Moore, Thomas, 28 Moore, William, 274 Moore, William G., 360 Moray, George W., 255 Morck, 137 More, J. B., 253 More, J. H., 286 Morehouse, Dickinson B., 183 Morehouse, Frederick Cook, 141 Morgan, 40, 41, 187 Morgan, Joel G., 36, 209, 315 Morley, F. E., 243 Morley, Jud. M., 243 Morras, W. P., 343 Morrill, Fred K., 108 Morris 29, 281 Morris, Buckner S., 53 Morris, C. A., 275 Morris, C. H., 57 Morris, G. W., 78, 232 Morris, Granville W., 154 Morris, H. C, 267 Morris, Jacob, 28 Morris, Robert, 80 Morrison, 149 Morrison, C. R., 248 Morrison, John, 75 Morrison, M., 213 Morrison, O. F., 151, 272 Morrison, R. M., 256 Morrison, W. F., 141 Morriss, Henry B., 337 Morrow, James, 319 Morrow, T. J., 139 Morse, 100, 138 Mortenson, W., 146 Morton, Ixxxiv, 11., 192 Morton, Edward, 344 Morton, John F., 291 Moses, John, Ixxvii, 358 Moses, S. M., 358 Mosher, G. F., 127 Moss, R. A., 206 Mosser, J. R., 157, 15S Moulden, Clara W., 224 Moulding, John J., 309 Moulton, Samuel W., 317 Mounts, 197 Mourer, William J., 185 Mouritzon, 63 Moyer, 357 Moyer, George, 89 Mudge, Calvin M., 118 Mudge, M., 129 INDEX TO NAMES S77 Mueller, 24 Mueller, Magnus, 303 Mueller, P. F., 224 Muhlhof, John A., 197 Muir, 64 Miiller, Heinrich, 22 Mumford, Horace P., 297 Mumford, J. E., 193 Mumford, Reverend T. J., 126 Mumford, W. D., 232, 266, n., 297 Munger, Erastus A., 338 Munhall, William, 338 Munn, D. W., 200 Munn, Dan, 36 ' Munn, Ira Y., 85 Munn, James, 200 Munson, Merritt, 188 Murdock, S. A., 197 Murphy, 154 Murphy, F. S., 310 Murphy, L. D., 284 Murphy, Maurice, 271 Murphy, W. H., 9 Murphy, W. K., 284 Murray, A. F., 96 Musselman, 294 Myers, 217 Myers, George S., 253 Myers, L. W., 262 Myers, Reverend S. P., 10 Myrup, 131 Nabb, James, 266 Nail, Wallace, 224 Naper, Robert, 257 Nash, 282 Nash, Frank, 217 Nason, N. C, 279, 280, 324 Nast, Thomas, 92 Nattinger, E. A., 271 Naylor, Hezekiah, 277, 345, 346 Nebeker, C. A., 232 Needham, D. C, 154, 232, 246 Neff, E. I., 297 Neilson, Allan S., 140 Nelson; 133, 195, 208 Nelson, Joseph 261 Nelson, L. P., 141 Nelson, N. P., 138 Nelson, P. R., 358 Neslon, R. W., 33 Nesmith, M. W., 40 Nethercut, John E., 296 Nettleton, A. B., 88 Neubert, Charles, 22 Neubert, Doctor, 24 Neustadt, Anton, 153 Neustadt, Captain Anthony, 168 Nevins, J. S., 295 Newbold, Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph H., Ixxxv Newcomb, H. A., 69 Newcomer, James W., 221, 328 Newhall, Horatio, 182 Newman, F. M., 80, 81 Newman, Thomas G., 77, 104, 118, 196 Newton, E. E., 151 Newton, J. M., 360 Newton, O. L., 151 Newton, S. D., 319 Niblo, A. R., 55, 270 • ' Nichol, Thomas M., 320 Nichols, F. C, 303 Nichols, Francis N., 93 Nichols, J. A., 77 Nichols, J. E., 30 Nichols, J. P., 25 Nichols, J. W., 231 Nichols, S. W., 204 Nicholson, E. E., 19 Nicholson, John S., 19, 253, 254 Nicolai, 350 Nicolay, John G., 85, 284 Nicolet, 39 Nicolet, H. L., 48 Niles, Judge, 20, 22, 23 Nimocks, Walter, 327 Nisbet, H. B., 51 Nixon, Doctor O. W., no Nixon, W. E., 360 578 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Nixon, William Penn, no, in Noble, Doctor F. A., 89 Nolan, Doctor D. W., 115 Noonan, J. A., 117, 118 Norelius, Reverend E., 74, 103, 114, 303 Norfolk, R. H., 43, 347 Norling, John E., 88 Norling, P. O., 88 Norman, Carl G., 88 Norris, Ira, 217 Norris, J. W., 57 Norris, John, 331 Northam, Edward, 16 Norton, Reverend A. T., 6 Norton, George R., 100 Norton, H. B., 28 Norton, F. L., 182 Norton, Seymour F., 143 Norton, W. T., 4 Norwood, 327 Norwood, Ralph W., 329 Nowlan, 120 Noyes, Ebenezer, 239 Noyes, M. J., 284 Nuding, 350 Nutt, F. S., 178 Nutt, S. E., 178 Nutting, John D., 355 Nyquist, Reverend J. P., 103 Oakes, James, bcxxv, n. O'Banion, Moral, 247 O'Banion, Turner, 235 Oberly, John H., 36, 37, 323 O'Brien, H. D., 165, 166 O'Brien, Louis E., 172 O'Brien, Martin, 89 O'Bryant, 215 O'Bryant, A. W., 12 O'Bryant, F. E., 12 O'Bryant, W. C, 12 O'Connor, Charles, 160 Odell, 173, 263, 274, 356 Odell, E. H., 192 Odell, J. W., 192 O'Donoghue, John J. W., 78, 86 Oglesby, 44 O'Hare, Daniel, 64 Olds, Justin H., 289 Olin, R. C, 229 Olney, Edward, 131 Olson, 131, 140 Olson, Ernst W., 88 Olson, W. A., 359 Oltmanns, L., 328 Omelveny, 46 Omstott, 197 O'Neil, Martin, 254 O'Neil, R., 164 O'Neil, William, 165 O'Neill, Reverend Andrew L., 94, 109 O'Neill, Frank R., 262 Orange, 2 Ordway, George, 180 O'Reilly, Henry C, Ixix Organ, T. H., 288 Organ, Thomas, 190 Ormand, J. J., 100 Orme, Charles E., 29 Ormsbee, loi Ormsbee, Joseph W., 175 Orr, Byron, 193 Orr, S. P., 45 Orr, William, xlix, 23, 212 Osborne, L. A., 261 Osman, Moses, 270 Osman, William, 270 Ostergren, K. A., 116 Otey, 19s Otis, Elbridge L., 269, 297 Oughton, Mrs. M. Blanche, 186 Oustott, 283 Outten, 26 Outten, James, 246 Overacker, Charles F., 33 Overhue, W. H., 50, 318 Overman, William, 232 Oviatt, F. C, loi Owen, 15 Owen, Ehphalet, 170 INDEX TO NAMES 579 Owen, Robert Dale, 91, 92 Owen, Thomas, Jr., 140 Owings, 356 O wings, J. D., 213 Ozier, 193 Pace, 256 Pacey, Addison, 33 Paddock, H. C, 297 Paddock, Doctor S. Allen, 289 Padon, Alfred, 43 Padon, J. S., 221 Page, E. W., 106 Page, J. M., 206 Page, Oliver J., 234 Page, S. C, 259 Page, S. S., 241 Paine, C. D., 120 Paine, C. G. G., 95, loi, no Paine, Seth, 65, 71, 217 Painter, H. C, 169 Paisley, George W., 200 Pallies, Henry, 43 Palmer, 267, 313, 354, 355 Palmer, C. L., 164 Palmer, C. M., 164 Palmer, F. W., 115 Palmer, Frank M., 306 Palmer, Frank W., no, 144 Palmer, George H., 248, 358 Palmer, George N., 182 Palmer, H. R., 83, 86 Palmer, Hiram H., 306 Palmer, John, 234 Palmer, John M., 42, 322, 323 Palmer, John Mayo, 322 Palmer, Thomas, 314 Palmer, W. F., 44 Paradice, 205 Paradis, John B. A., 245 Parenteau, 206 Park, I. v., 12 Parke, S. S., 30 Parker, 239, 319 Parker, Albert, 349 Parker, A. M., 33 Parker, D. S., 210 Parker, James, 46 Parker, T. J., 344 Parker, William, 46, 240, 354 Parker, William, Jr., 46 Parker, William M., 10 Parkhurst, A., 95 Parkinson, H. H., 33, 187, 223, 312 356 Parks, 3, 8, 284, 337 Parks, G. D. A., 227 Parks, Henry, 300 Parks, L. A., 4, 6 Parks, W. R., 283 Parmenter, M. B., 151 Parrott, 296 Parry, John C., 94 Parsons, A. R., 138, 143 Partridge, C. A., 352 Partridge, H. E., 352 Passeler, A., 134 Pastor, F. J., 306 Pastor, Joseph, 92 Patch, William Y., 348 Patrick, H. M., 214 Patrick, W. M., 173 Patten, 38 Patterson, A. L., 66 Patterson, Colonel, 213 Patterson, E. H. N., 268, 268, n. Patterson, F. A., 268 Patterson, Harry N., 268 Patterson, J. B., 267, 268 Patterson, J. W., 65 Patterson, Reverend R. W., 66 Patterson, Robert W., 60, 60, a. Patterson, W. J., 63 Patton, Francis L., 102 Patton, Reverend W. W., 88 Patzke, 326 Paul, Clarence R., 321, 322 Paul, E. R., 163, 184 Paul, James R., 174 Payne, 150 Payne, D. B., 34 58o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Payne, Philip, 289 Pazo, Edward, 308 Peabody, James, 93 Peabody, Selim H., 94 Peach, William, 167 Pearce, E. J., 356, 358 Pearce, J. R., 196 Pearce, R. B., 356 Pearson, Charles M., 232 Pearson, John L., 338 Peck, 331 Peck, C. G., 239 Peck, J. M., lix, Ixvii, 4, 61, 305, 341 Peck, W. H., 129 Peck, W. W., 63 Peckham, C. J., 289 Peers, James N., 153 Peet, Stephen D., 138 Pefer, Julius Myer, 277 Pemberton, 131 Pemberton, W. D., 353 Pennington, Frank H., 318 Penny, J. J., 10, 262, 284, 329, 344 Penny, W. A., 284 Pensoneau, Louis P., 21, 22 Percy, Parsons, 213, 320 Periam, Jonathan, 54, 140 Perkins, A. H. S., 40 Perkins, James H., xlvii, n. Perkins, John Marcellus, 286 Perkins, William, 270 Perrin, 9 Perrin, J. N., 237 Perrin, T. H., 8 Perry, 112, 186, 248 Perry, C. L., 247 Perry, E. W., 145 Perry, G. B., 39 Perry, George A., 186 Perry, William D., 276 Perryman, 194, 330 Perryman, J. D., 209 Perryman, I. D., 330 Pershing, E. J., 303 Persinger, H. R., 32 Petefish, Sam, 346, 347 Petefish, William, 346 Peter, Val. J., 304 Peters, Colonel M. H., 351, 352 Peters, H. H., 247 Peterson, 124, 185 Peterson, C. F., 88, 108, 138 Peterson, C. G., 123 Peterson, J. W., 43, 151, 201 Peterson, L. J., 123 Peterson, O. M., 137 Petit, Claude, 71, 210 Petri, Karl, 292, 293 Pettijohn, J. G. D., 47 Pettit, Charles E., 271 Pettit, John H., 6, 203, 290 Peyton, H. H., 236 Pfeiffer, 8 Phecian, Colonel, 337 Phelon, W. P., 272 Phelps, 222 Phelps, E. F., 185 Phelps, E. H., 179, 336, 360 Phelps, H. W., 30s Phelps, John, 181 Phelps, W. E., 173 Phelps, William F., 131 Phelps, W. W., 260 Philbrick, Charles, 67 Philleo, Doctor Addison, xxxii, 182, 183 Philips, William, 51 Phillips, 133, 156, 291, 318 Phillips, A. F., 321 Phillips, B. W., 75 Phillips, C. B., 319 Phillips, C. C, 36 Phillips, David L., 321 Phillips, David P., 321 Phillips, George S., 91 Phillips, J. Noonan, 164 Phillips, Thomas, 278 Phillips, WiUiam C, 42 Phillips, William I., 92 Pieper, William H., 292 INDEX TO NAMES S8i Picket, 263 Picket, J. J., 179, 196 Pickett, F. M., 195, 196, 316 Pickett, Thomas J., Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 182, 276, 277, 278, 279, 304 Pickett, W. T., 192, 193 Pierce, 109, 225, 276 Pierce, C. H., 57 Pierce, Reverend E. A., 83 Pierce, E. J., 232 Pierce, Edward V., 26 Pierce, Franklin, 316, 338 Pierce, Gilbert A., in Pierce, Doctor W. M., 259 Pieison, A. V., 223 Pierson, J. F., 34 Pigott, 82 Pigott, William, 76, 77, 84 Pike, E. S., 51 Pike, Samuel, 29, 158 Pike, Wallace, 29 Pilaster, H. A., 350 Pilkin, S. D., 66 Pillsbury, W. L., lyiii n., 264 Pinckard, Thomas S., 4 Pinckart, William G., 167 Pinckney, Daniel J., 252, 253 Pinckney, Eugene, 162 Pindell, Henry M., 281 Pine, Charles N., 73, 289 Pingel, 183, 184 Pink, Caleb, 242 Pinkerton, 223 Pinkerton, Bert E., 306 Pinkerton, C. B. E., 295 Pinkerton, F. E., 294, 29S1 339 Pinta, 100 Pinta, S. E., 78 Pinzel, John J., 144 Pic, Louis, 144 Piper, Charles O., 221 Pitner, L. C, 174 Pitney, F. V., 65 Pittser, J. J., 201 Piatt, 45 Plumb, Samuel, 329 Plummer, C. H., 355 Poe, 67, 82, 86 Poe, Edgar Allan, 268, n. Poff, George, i Poffenberger, H., 180 Pogue, William H., 306 Pohlmann, Christian, 280 Polk, James K., 320 Pomeroy, Mark M., 132, 140 Pool, Gabriel, 240 Pool, Isaac A., 71 Poole, W. F., 124 Pooler, 3S3 Poorman, 34, 248 Poorman, Edward, 239 Pope, J. F., 33 Pope, Thomas, 292 Pope, W. S., 252 Porter, 359 Porter, A., 139 Porter, Ira, 353 Porter, John, 2 Porter, John H., 245 Post, F. E., 96 Post, L. H., 154, 160 Post, W. A., 286, 294 Postlewait, S. C, 162 Potter, 252 Potter, B. S., 30 Potter, Caroline A., 301 Potter, D. C, 233 Potter, Captain H. F., 37, 38, 249 Potter, J. W., 180, 303 Potter, Doctor J. W., 150 Potter, Lemuel, 173, 192 Potter, O. T., 180 Potter, P. K., 257 Poulson, Lewis, 72 Powell, loi Powell, Charles, 281 Powell, Israel A., 266 Powell, Thomas, 54 Powell, W. B., 34, 216 Powell, W. H., 219 S82 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Power, 229, 349 Power, J. H., 190 Power, J. S., 250 Powers, Elmer F., 48, 49 Powers, F. L., 333 Powers, H. N., 114 Powers, J. S., 250 Powers, Theo. S., 250 Powers, Milo N., 266 Powis, R. L. v., 140 Prather, J. James, 192 Pratt, 9 Pratt, Charles A., 49, 290 Pratt, G. W., 328 Pratt, J. T., 78 Pratt, R. E., 158 Pratt, W. D., 246 Pratt, W. S., 328 Preetorious, Emil, 81 Prentice, George D., 79 Prentis, Noble L., 46 Preston, Finney D., 251 Preston, I. H., 112 Preston, James H., 10 Preston, Mrs. James H., 10 "Pretzel, Carl," 102, 166 Pribble, E. B., 177 Price, 168, 209, 297, 360 Price, George B., 42, 44, 305 Price, I. B., 284 Price, J. D., 205 Price, T. D., 205 Price, Thomas D., 44 Price, W. H., 17s Price, William, 65 Priest, L. M., 265 Priest, W. J., 229 Princell, J. G., 74, 114 Prior, G. M., 43 Prior, Joseph M., 151, 152, 158, 159, 176, i86, 274, 310 Pritchett, R. M., 154 Pritchett, W., 154 Protar, F., 304 Provine, John G., 274 Pruden, E. C, 135 Ptiles, 356 Purtill, W. F., 239 Purviance, N. M., 346 Pusey, Joshua, 270 Puterbaugh, W. L., 251 Putnam, A. V., 204 Pyles, 310 Pyles, T. B., 193, 215, 228, 311 Pyron, John A., 52 Quidley, 161 Quillen, M. C, 189 Quinlan, 78 Quinn, 356 Quinn, Henry, 187 Radcliffe, George M., 270 Radford, B. J., 82 Radford, B. J., Sr., 174 Radford, B. J., Jr., 174 Radford, C. A., 174 Radford, C. T., 174 Radford, Robert N., 174 Radford, William A., 140 Radford, W. M., 174 Ragan, Carroll, 187 Rahe, J. C, 206 Ralls, Judge J. M., 51 Ralston, 291 Ralston, V. Y., Ixxvii, Ixxviii Rand, 109 Randall, 183 Randall, Dudley, 13, 15, 171 Randall, George A., 348 Randall, J. H., 304 Randall, J. W., 14 Randall, Richard R., 306 Randall, Judge S. W., 207 Randall, W. G., 173 Raney, George W., 278, 279 Rankin, Doctor, 217, 348 Rankin, J. M., 222 Ranney, 309 Ranney, S. T., 254 Rapalee, Norman, 269, 298 Rapp, John M., 177 INDEX TO NAMES S83 Rapp, William, 62 Rasch, A. H., 331 Rassweiler, H. H., 258 Raster, 125 Raster, Herman, 62 Raster, Mrs. Herman, 62 Ratcliffe, 266 Rathbon, A. C, 219 Rathbun, A. E., 227 Rautenberg, E. F. L., 225 Ravlin, Pliny P., 125 Rawling, S. J. E., 166 Rawlings, Frank, 35 Ray, 183 Ray, Charles H., Ixxii, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, Ixxix, 59, 84, 323 Ray, W. E., 269 Ray, W. H., 313 Raymond, 78 Raymond, Thomas R., 303 Rayne, Mrs. M. L., 82, 102 Read, Frank, 205 Read, Frank, Jr., 205 Readle, 115 Reavis, Logan U. 19 Reckmeyer, H. H., 294 Reddick, A. J., 219 Redding, Colonel W. H., 259 Redfield, R. P., 286 Reed, 361 Reed, A. H., 179 Reed, George D., 286 Reed, George W., 123 Reed, H. V., 99, 113, 123, 124, 196 Reed, James H., 2 Reed, James W., 268 Reed, J. H., 246 Reed, Joe F., 161 Reed, Joseph, 223 Reed, Joseph, Jr., 123 Reed, Newton B., 31 Reed, Samuel, 41, 224, 225 Reed, S. K., 68 Reed, Doctor W. E., 76 Reed, W. H., 41 Reed, Will O., 209 Reed, W. M., 248 Reeder, R. R., 30 Reel, S. A., 265 Reemsten, 347 Rees, Thomas, 323 Reese, E. C, 273 Reeve, Charles, 318 Reeve, W. G., 290 Regan, John, 172, 216, 233 Reichel, 122 Reichenstein, Julius Von, 350 Reid, Isaiah, 132 Reid, Reverend John Morrison, 67 Reilly, Doctor Frank W., 76 Reinbach, B., 354 Reis, John, 7 Reisl, G., 148 Reith, Charles, 41 Reitzenstine, L., 277 ^j Relling, I. T., 124 Remer, A. C, 245 Remington, Major E. P., 29 Rene, 100 Renfroe, R. W., 306, 307 Renich, Charles F., 359 Renoe, M. A., 287, 288 Rentschler, G., 22 Reynolds, Harmon G., 302, 325 Reynolds, Harry, 281 Reynolds, Henry, 31 Reynolds, J. P., 251 Reynolds, John, xxxiv, xlviii, 23, 24, 212, 213, 315, 345 Reynolds, John P., 103 Reynolds, John R., 133 Reynolds, O. H., 143 Revell, Fleming H., 96, 115, 129, 132, 134, 145, 146 Revill, 176 Rhea, W. C. S., 233 Rhoads, George B., 317 Rhodes, W. H., 201 Rhue, 289 I Riblett, J. W„ 315 S84 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Rice, George, 126 Rice, F. W., 112 Rice, James G., 19, 20 Rich, E. L., 34S Rich, H. S., 133 Rich, Steams De Witt, 10, 273, 293, 346 Richaxds, 324 Richards, A. N., 180 Richards, Ben, 324 Richards, Benjamin A., 334 Richards, C. P., 163 Richards, George N., 48, 338 Richards, Lydia A., 171 Richards, Will, 343 Richards, Philip A., 333 Richards, S. A., 137 Richardson, 195, 196 Richardson, George B., 152, 359 Richardson, Doctor J., 80 Richardson, J. W., 177, 243, 335 Richey, Elmer, 1 Richey, Frank L., i Richey, Fred A., 317 Richie, Edward E., 297 Richie, Edward T., 269 Richmond, A. L., 328 Richmond, Mrs. Cora L. V., 148 Rickard, Ben C., 238 Rickert, Nelson A., 351 Rieken, Herman, 260 Riggs, 34 Riley, M. W., 175 Ringland, W. D., 360 Ringland, W. S., 172 Rising, H. G., 217 Risk, James, 18 Ritchie, Frederick B., 333 Ritchie, William, 317 Ritter, C. M., 350 Roach, S. B., 238 Robarts, J. P., 257 Robbins, 308 Robbins, Doctor H. C., 154 Robbins, John, 48 Robinson, 254 Robinson, Ebenezer, 260 Robinson, Frank O., 269 Robinson, Harry P., 132 Robinson, J. C, 236 Robinson, John R., 82, 178 Robinson, Leslie, 281 Robinson, Ross, 177 Robinson, Silas, 13 Robinson, W. T., 216 Roberts, 40, 196, 355 Roberts, Arthur, 234 Roberts, E. W., 205, 315 Roberts, Frances L., 142 Roberts, Frank M., 207 Roberts, J. P., 250 Roberts', J. S., 205, 285, 315 Roberts, John L., 322 Roberts, Ralph, 25 Roberts, W. J., 306, 356 Robertson, 35 Robertson, G. H., 311 Rock, De Bard, 233 Rock, J. L., 38, 187 Rocky, H. F., 180 Rockey, J. L., 258 Rockwell, Seth, 336 Rodecker, A. W., 277 Roderick, O. T., 346 Rodman, H. W., 312 Roe, Doctor E. R., 28, 29, 204, 205 Roesch, Edward, 69 Rogers, 357 Rogers, E., 4 Rogers, E. S., 276 Rogers, John D., 223 Rogers, T. M., 292, 293 Rohr, 208 Rohr, J. W., 330 Rollins, Charles E., loi, 138 Roney, Benjamin, 338 Roney, Horace, 250 Roof, A. J., 18 Roos, 208 Roos, Herman, 87, 108, 138 INDEX TO NAMES S8S Roos, Peter, 138 Root, 80 Root, F. W., 80 Root, George F., 80 Roper, J. D., 321 Roper, Sam., 191 Rose, J. D., 19s Rose, L. M., 169 Rose, W. B., 332 Rose, Walter A., 247 Rose, William S., 211 Rosette, Clinton, 160 Rosette, John E., 324 Ross, 20 RSsler, Gustav Adolph, 292 Rotrock, M. W., 51 Rotteck, Karl, 292 Rounds, S. P., 56, 70, 72 Rounds, S. P., Jr., 86 Rounseville, William, 55, 57, 58, 61, 279, 298, 308, 309, 324 Rowe, 300 Rowe, J. H., 170 Rowe, Doctor N., 121 Rowe, Mrs. N., 121 Rowell, H. W., 159 Rowland, Elbert, 267 Rowland, S. B., 220 Rowley, John R., 128 Rowley, M. M., 27 Rowley, S. Frank, 27 Royalty, R. M., 231 Rubottom, W. F., 202 Rtif, John, 43 Ruggles, James, 167 Ruggles, James Monroe, 175, 258, 357 Ruggles, Mark, 198 Ruggles, R. H., 240, 27s Ruhbaum, Rudolph, 120 Ruhe, I. F., Jr., 323 Rulison, Henry, 164 Rumley, Edward, 190, 267 Runnel, Edward, 144, 279, 325 Ruoff, A., 23 Rupp, A. O., 173, 221 Rupp, Friedrich, 22 Rust, Elam, 21, 157, 350 Rust, George W., loi, 103, 157 Russell, 3, 23, 332 Russell, Alex, 255 Russell, Charles P., 80, 115 Russell, E. E., 113 Russell, George, 341 Russell, Gervis M., 254 Russell, J., 80 Russell, John, xxxvi, Iv, n, 75, 115 191, 293 Russell, Martin J., 144 Russell, P. C, 9S Russell, S. W., 184 Russell, Thomas J., 343 Russell, W. H., 215 Rutan, 329 Ruth, 238 Ruth, R. B., 197 Rutz, Doctor Gallus, 199 Ryan, 271 Ryan, E. G., 53 Ryan, John, 157 Ryan, M., 132 Ryan, Martin, 113 Ryan, P. J., 132 Rylander, Victor, 134 Sabin, Doctor F. A., 337 Sabin, O. C, 31, 312 Sackett, W. L., 247 Said, 34, 248 Sailer, Joseph P., 20 Salim, 222 Salisbury, J. S., 115 Salisbury, Wilbur S., 109 Bailee, G. H., 249 Salmonsen, L., 122 Saltiel, 165 Saltzman, M. V., 179 Salvesen, Charles C. M., 143 Sampson, Nels, 144 Sams, 128 Sanders, 303 Sanders, A. D., 326 S86 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sanders, C. L., 231 Sanders, E. P., 272, 273 Sanders, J. H., 103 Sandham, William R., 336, 360 Sanford, 183, 275, 313 Sanford, John O., 240 Sangen, H. von, go Sapp, F. M., 270, 271, 282, 359 Sapp, Fred A., 271 Sargeant, J. J., 284 Sargent, C, 21 Sargent, E. H., 93 Sargent, J. L., 21 Sargent, J. W., 243, 318 Satterfield, Edward, 255 Satterfield, John, 255 Satterfield, Judge, 255 Satzman, M. V., 287 Saunders, Add, 35 Saunders, Eugene, 196 Savage, Reverend G. S. F., 58 Savage, G. S. G., 75 Savage, H. H., 184 Savage, Morris, 248 Sawyer, 40 Sawyer, A. R., 34 Sawyer, E. E. B., 38 Sawyer, John York, Ixvii, 167, 341, 342 Sawyer, Seth T., 3, 342 Sawyer, Thomas, 5° Saxby, E. A., 137 Saxenmeyer, Theodore, 52 Sayles, J. F., 343 Scammon, John Y., 85, no Scarborough, A. J., 132 Scates, Walter, 147 Schabehorn, A., 325 Schaberhom, Reverend A., 20 Schade, 69 Schade, Louis, 72 Schaffer, Charles A., 347 Schaffter, C. A., 18 Schalin, A. W., 87, 301 Schallenberger, M., 336 Schatzell, Frank, 269 Scheel, Frederick E., 24 Schell, R. B., 176, 177 Schierbaum, F. W., 241 Schierenberg, Ernst, 292 Schild, 262 Schiller, Edward, 20, 46 Schlaeger, 61, 69 Schlange, H., 42, 325, 326 Schleyer, George, 76 Schmall, 24 Schmidt, 208 Schmidt, Emil, 259, 260 Schmidt, Doctor Ernest, 79 Schmidt, Doctor H. D., 260 Schmidt, Henry J., 259 Schmitt, Frederick A., 32 Schneider, Christian, 8 Schneider, George, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 61 Schniedewend, 115 Schoff, S. S., 79 Schon, Reverend K., 103 Schoof, C. E., 48 Schooley, A. C, no, 136 Schoupe, T. D., 262 Schrader, L. O., 212 Schreiner, F. G., 229 Schtaeger, George, 68 Schuckers, W. F., 257 Schultze, E., 76 Schureman, W. H., 312 Schurz, Carl, 81 Schuster, John, 43 Schuyler, William H., 84, 85 Schwab, Michel, 125, 130 Scibird, Edward A., 175 Scibird, John D., 28, 29 Scibird, John S., 175 Scott, 112, 183 Scott, Benjamin, 242 Scott, Charles, 67, 68, 196, 237 Scott, D. W., 183, 184 Scott, Daniel, 287 Scott, Frank W., 59, 61, 227 Scott, J. G., 24s INDEX TO NAMES S87 Scott, J. P., 139 Scott, J. W., 144 Scott, James P., 113 Scott, James W., 144, 184 Scott, Matthew T., 31 Scott, Owen, 30, 169, 326 Scott, T. W., 180 Scott, W. S., 206 Scott, W. T., 38 Scott, Walter, c Scripps, xcviii, 55, S9. 60 Scripps, Benjamin F., 307 Scripps, George Washington, 307, 308 Scripps, J. Corrie, 307 Scripps, Reverend John, 307 Scripps, John L., Ixxi, Ixxii, 63 Scriven, C. H., 69 Scroggs, George, 48 Scroggs, J. R., 180 Scroggs, John W., 47 Seaman, L. S., 240 Searle, Elmer, 248 Sears, 263, 308 Seaton, B. F., 63 Seaton, B. W., 38, 187, 269, 360 Seaton, Benjamin, 336 Seaton, F. B., 187 Seaton, John H., 38 Seaton, R. W., 288 Seavey, 201 Sedgwick, James H., 311 Sedgwick, James R., 330 Seed, Maurice, 256 Seed, T. H., 331 Seeger, Eugen, 22 Seeley, Guy, 296 Seibold, Ludwig, 22 Stlby, Paul, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, n., Ixxx, n., 204, 291, 321 Selby, T. J., 195, 206 Sellan, C. J., 357 Sellars, A., 26 Sellars, G., 26 Sellers, A., 337 Sellers, W. W., 277 Sellon, Charles J., 39, 63, 185, 205, Semmelroth, George, 22 Semmelroth, Hermann, 23, 24 Senger, D. B., i8o Sennott, James, 350 Sessions, Frank J., 252 Setterdahl, 143 Severinghaus, Reverend J. D., 97, 134. I4S Sewall, George H., 345 Seward, J. L., 318 Sewell, Alfred L., 83, 102, 174 Sexauer, B. F., 224, 326 Sexauer, Emil, 224 Seybold, T. S., 219 Seybt, C. H., 199 Seylern, Hannibal, 22 Seymour, Arthur P., 141 Seymour, Horatio W., 144 Shafer, F. A., 174 Shaffer, J, Wilson, 85 Shaffuer, 17 Shankland, 175 Shankland, B. F., 351 Shannon, John M., 221 Shannon, John R., Ixxxvi, 51, 320 Shannon, R. B., 91 Sharer, John, 253 Sharkey, 39 Sharp, 29 Sharp, John, 269 Sharp, T. C, 348 Sharp, T. J., Ixxxvi, 234 Sharp, Thomas C, 46, 349 Sharp, Thomas J., 152, 224, 225 Sharp, W. O., 46 Shaver, C. H., 147 Shaw, B. F., Ixxvii, 9, 161, 161, n., 162, 27s Shaw, Ernest, 211 Shaw, Eustace, 161 Shaw, George K., 183 Shaw, George W., 188 Shaw, J. B., 204 S88 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Shaw, James, 15, 58 Shaw, James H., 30 Sheahan, James W., 65, 65, n., 76 Shearer, Herbert, 140 Sheets, Colonel B. F., 253 Sheets, J. M., 274 Sheetz, Hiram M., 180 Sheffield, D. A., 11 Sheldon, 113, 118, 281 Sheldon, M. G., 164 Sheldon, WiUiam, 81 Shelley, W. D., 237 Shepard, 241 Shepard, Henry L., 114, 119 Shepherd, A. N., 241 Shepherd, P. B., 157 Shepherd, W. H., 223 Sheppard, Reverend Nathan, 174 Sherer, 269 Sherer, George W., 302 Sherman, Major F. C, Ixxxiv, n. Sherman, J. H., 185 Sherman, J. L., 18 Sherman, S. C, 341 Sherwood, D. B., 335 Sherwood, R. G., 10 Shewalter, Jacob D., 278 Shield, John, 294 Shilton, T. J., 11 Shinkel, 41 Shinn, Cyrus, 190 Shinn, Reverend R. F., 88 Shipman, Doctor George E., 63, 77, 8s, 106, 107 ShoafE, F. L., 274 ShoafiF, J. D., 274 Shoaff, James, 26, 28, 49, 50, 156, 157, 193, 274, 276, 316 Shoaff, L. A. G., 274 Shoaff, T. B., 157, 158, 194, 274, 317 Shoals, George L., 13, 225, 243 Shoemaker, J. N., 9 Shook, William, 190 Shope, Sinion P., 241 Short, Theophilus, 316 Shouf, V. B., 213 Shoupe, 23 Shoupe, R. M., 43 Shoupe, T. D., 43 Shoupe, W. C, 43 Shoupe, W. H., 23 Showman, 327 Shrader, 342 Shuey, H. W., 132, 133 Shuler, C. C, 180 Shull, U. P., 3SS Shuman, Andrew, S7, 85 Shumard, C. D., 329 Shimiway, 334 Shup, Frank L., 263 Shup, Isaac, 263 Shup, John H., 196, 263 Shurley, E. R. P., 113 Shurly, 303 Shurtleff, 214, 253 Shurtleff, F., 277 Shurtliflf, W. D., 19 Shutt, Frank, 274 Shutt, P. L., 253, 316, 317, 330 Shutt, P. W., 330 Shutt, Philip, 274 Shutts, Peter, 208 Sibley, Doctor, 176 Sibley, C, 176 Sibley, C. E., 177 Sibley, C. W., 176 Sibley, Charles D., 275 Sickels, J. W., 96 Siddall, J. J., 93 Siegmund, Jacob, 15, 16 Sigel, Franz, 81 Sigler, William H., 204 Signor, C. B., 164 Sikes, John H., 326 Sikes, L. Y., 238 Sikking, 166 Silence, W. S., 34 Siler, 337 Silik, Samuel, 228 Silvernail, 251 INDEX TO NAMES 589 Silversmith, Julius, 105, 106, 118 Simcox, i68 Simmons, A. H., 190 Simmons, George E., 17 Simmons, H. H., 221, 255, 256 Simmons, Rev. H. M., 142 Simmons, Milton F., 204, 321 Simmons, Terry, 235, 313 Simons, J. A., 331 Simonton, Thomas, 33 Simpson, Joe, 247 Simpson, W. M., 261 Sinclair, A., 235 Singleton, J. W., 291 Sisney, George W., 233 Sittig, 126 Sittig, E. A., 13s Skaggs, G. B., 49 Skaggs, Gilbert, 49 Skaggs, John W., 49 Skeppstedt, 137 Skiles, Nace, 347 Skinner, Mrs. 251 Skinner, J. T., 281 Skinner, John L., 9 Skinner, P. W., 258 Skinner, S. P., 62 Skiver, 329 Slack, James L., 200 Slade, 86 Slade, George P., 206, 230 Sladek, Joseph, 92 Slaughter, 39 Sloan, Enoch P., 278 Sloan, Frank, 253 Sloan, Oscar B., 67 Sloan, Walter B., 67, 70 Slocum, Charles E., 179 Slocum, Samuel, 260 Sluss, A. C, 337 Slybold, 183 Small, Doctor A. E., 85 Smalley, Restores C, 41 Smiley, R. L., 8 Smedley, T. M., 295 Smethurst, Joseph, 336 Smith, Ix, 9, 136, 165, 170, 194, 223, 224, 23s, 290, 308, 324, 339 Smith, A. B., 262 Smith, A. E., 250, 302, 359 Smith, A. F., 11, 225 Smith, A. G., 155, 242 Smith, A. S., 207 Smith, Abraham E., 299, 300, 302 Smith, Albert F., 225, 347 Smith, Albion, 13, 178 Smith, Amos, 244 Smith, Ashford, 4, 305 Smith, Augustus C., 206, 207, 207, n. Smith, C. A., 52 Smith, C. K., 246 Smith, C. L., 289, 290 Smith, Doctor C. Stoddard, 171 Smith, Carlos H., 171 Smith, Charles A., 93 Smith, Charles G., 119, 343 Smith, D. C, 260 Smith, Doctor D. S., 68 Smith, D. T., 358 Smith, Day K., 143 Smith, E., 186 Smith, E. A., 8 Smith, Elias, 29 Smith, Mrs. Ellen, 47 Smith, E. W., 359 Smith, Eugene, 8 Smith, F. K., 246 Smith, Colonel G. P., 204, 207 Smith, G. W., 285 Smith, George, 27, 323 Smith, George W., 17, 231 Smith, H. K., 232 Smith, Henry M., 85 Smith, Hyrum, Ixxxviii, 261 Smith, Isaac B., 186 Smith, Isaac C, 67 Smith, J., 289 Smith, Reverend J. A., 61 Smith, James, 305, 306 Smith, James A., 50 590 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Smith, General James B., 228 Smith, James H., 176 Smith, Jay, 129 Smith, J. B., 210 Smith, J. C, 353 Smith, John, 51, 276, 277, 33s Smith, John J., 12, 232, 296, 333 Smith, Joseph, Ixxxviii, Ixxxviii, u. Ixxxix, 260, 261, 285 Smith, J. Russell, 337, 355 Smith, J. W., 271 Smith, L. E., 167 Smith, M. S., 262 Smith, M. W., 269 Smith, Milton A., 344 Smith, Milton M., 262 Smith, Oliver J., 32, 116, 178 Smith, Robert, 51 Smith, S. M., 117 Smith, Stephen R., 185, 186 Smith, Theophilus W., xli, xlvi, xlviii, 166 Smith, Reverend Thomas, 72 Smith, Thomas S., 43 Smith, Warfield P., 52 Smith, Willard A., 93, 143 Smith, Willard H., 219 Smith, William, 188, 260 Smith, William E., 126, 139, 299, 300, 3S9 Smith, W. J., 352 Smithe, George C, 38 Smoyer, Reverend, 263 Smulski, W., 122 Smyers, B. E., 94 Smyser, Alfred N., 330 Smyzer, William H., 48, 330 Sneed, Charles H., 27 Snell, 240 Snell, James P., 14, 221 Snider, M. N., 281 Snively, 33 Snively, C. E., 39 Snively, E. A., 41, 42, 186, 307 Snow, A. L., 253 Snow, B. F., Ixxxv, 29 Snow, D. J., 323 Snow, J., Ixxxv, 29, 324 Snow, J. F., 274 Snow, J. W., 25, 43 Snyder, 156 Snyder, F. A., 21 Snyder, Frank M., 339 Snyder, Doctor G. W., 305 Snyder, Doctor John F., 346 Snyder, W. C, 182 Snyder, William C., 229 Soderholm, J. N., 74 Solberg, C, 87 Solomon, W. A., 190 Somerby, J. A., 172 Somerby, J. L., 172 Somers, 9 Sonn, 332 Sorrels, Frank C, 217 Southard, Charles E., 247 Souther, 6 Southerland, St. Clair, 274 Southwick, 131 Southworth, G. S., 359 Sowers, James C, 257 Spalding, 137 Sparks, Augustus R., 39, 307 Spaulding, 71 Spaulding, John, 173 Spear, S. L., 191 Spears, 316 Spears, Barton W., 63 Spears, S. G., 60 Spellman, Samuel, 150 Spence, M. H., 173 Spencer, 238 Spencer, A. E., 131 Spencer, Charles L., 52 Spencer, J. A., 119 Spencer, W. A., 34 Spencer, W. H., 66 Spencer, W. S., 80, 82 Spichler, Doctor, 240 Spickler, D. H., 180 INDEX TO NAMES SQi Spies, August, 125, 130 Spink, E. O., 49 Spink, Ebenezer, 49 Spink, S. L., 274 Spitzer, George A., 251 Spivey, A. T., 316 SpofFord, C. W., 106 Spore, C. R., 12 Spotswood, J. B., 318 Sprague, F. R., 68 Sprague, Doctor G., 68 Sprague, R. A., 124 Sprague, R. H., 124 Sprague, Thomas A., 90 Sprague, Thomas S., 124 Sprawls, J. B., 172 Spiigg, 296 Springer, Callie D. M., 262, 2S5, 361 Springer, Francis, 199 Springer, Frank, 167 Springer, R. M., 262, 285, 361 Springer, William. M., 322 Springsteen, 300 Sproul, P. O., 12, 180 Spuigeon, N. M. P., 202 Spiugin, R. M., 50 Spurlock, N., 188 Squier, John J., 333 Squier, W. B., 333 St. Clair, 89 St. Vrain, S., 51 Stabeck, 181 Stabeck, K. T., 156 Stadtmann, Rudolph, 199 Staiger, C. M., 136 Staker, J. L., 151 Stalker, Mary B., 75 Stalp, C. T., 140 Staniforth, Benjamin W., 170 Stanley, Frank E., 95, 109 Stanley, Isaac M., 176 Stanley, J. C, 330 Stanley, W. M., 158, 330 Stanton, Thomas, 198 Stapleford, A. D., 344 Staples, Stephen J., 59 Stark, 223 Stark, John, 183 Starkes, A. N., 241 Starr, Elisha, 53 Starrett, Mrs. Helen Elkin, 149 Start, Reverend W. A., 62 Steams, A. K., 353 Stebbins, Henry A., 285 Stedman, Charles, 298 Steele, 28, loi Steele, C. L., 30 Steele, Doctor H., 281 Stelle, James, 192 Stelle, John P., 230 Steele, W. R., 127, 356 Steen, George H., 24B, 249 Steen, Joseph W., 249 Steensohn, 87 Steger, R. F., 266, 266, n. Stein, J. W., 218 Stenquist, Charles J., 87 Stephens, 252 Stephens, Doctor B. G., 253 Stephens, George W., 14 Stephens, W. A., 251 Stephenson, 224 Stephenson, A. M., 356 Stephenson, E. N., 359 Stephenson, E. P., 30 Stephenson, J. W., 182 Stephenson, Lloyd B., 317 Sterling, Fred E., 299 Stem, Max, 141 Stetson, Albert, 104 Steuemagel, Otto, 23 Stevens, 161 Stevens, C. W., 125 Stevens, H. H., 153, 231 Stevens, N. E^ 189, 228, 275, 275 n. Stevens, R. C^ 219 Stevens, R. R., 92 Stevens, W. A., 251 Stevens, W. W., 208 Stevenson, Evan, 247 S92 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Stewart, 56, 71 Stewart, Green, 234 Stewart, I. D., 127 Stewart, J., 305 Stewart, James D., 242 Stewart, J. R., 48 Stewart, R. F., 44 Stewart, Thomas A., 55, 59 Stewart, Reverend W. F., 299 Stibolt, P., 7 Stickney, 254 Stickney, A. A., 175 Stickney, C. H., 51 Stickney, C. W., 318, 355 Stickney, William H., 314, 315 Stiefel, Heinrich, 199 Stierlin, H. J., 31 Stiles, Aaron K., 160, 187 Stillman, S. O., 207 Stimson, 9 Stine, 166 Stitt, 309 Stitt, T. W., 18 Stiver, P. O., 180 Stockenstrom, Herman, 245 Stockton, J. P., 191 Stoddard, 95 Stoddard, William O., 48 Stoelker, W. H., 129 Stokes, T. H., 224 Stone, 23s Stone, Alexander, 280 Stone, C. C, 152 Stone, J. W., 206 Stone, Reverend Luther, 60 Stone, Melville E., 127 Stone, Perry P., 39, 117 Storey, Wilbur F., 65, 66 Storm, Isaac S., 318 Storm, Orville, 317 Stormont, Gil R., 2 Story, 113 Stotler, James, 263 Stoughton, Reverend J. C., 86 Stout, James, 288 Stout, W. W., 196, 197 Stover, 13 Stowe, 67 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 95 Strack, Carl, 328, 329 Strafford, E., 28 Straka, John, 119 Stratton, 235 Stratton, Charles T., 321 Straub, Louis, 165 Strawn, C. C, 288 Streamer, Jacob, 287 Street, 116 Street, Clement F., 93 Streeter, J. F., 329 Strell, George W., 121 Strode, Charles D., 50 Strong, C. E., 108 Strong, J. J., IS7 Strong, Orlo W., 69 Strbther, F. K., 150, 151 Stuart, Alexander, 53 Stuart, Charles M., 67 Stuart, Edward R., 23 Stuart, Jonathan, 192 Stuart, Tom, 318 Stuart, W. B., 9 Stuart, William, 53 Stubblefield, J. B., 254 Stulik, Doctor K., 148 Stump, G. E., 51 Sturges, Henry, 31 Sturgess, 343 Sturgess, Henry, 224 Stuve, William, 190 Styles, E. B., 162 Suddeth, 239 Suddeth, R. D., 33, 193 Sullivan, W. K., 57 Suess, John H., 165 Sullivan, H. V., 291 Sullivan, John J., 144 Sultzer, 112 Sumerlin, Dolph, 317 Sumerlin, Eugene, 317 INDEX TO NAMES S93 Sumerlin, Leon, 193, 317 Sumerlin, O., 239 Sumerlin, Rufus, 316, 317 Sundelius, P. A., 74, 87, 108, 138 Sumner, 256 Summers, Charles, 236 Summers, John W., 48, 201 Summers, Matthew, 346 Summers, W. M., 346 Sumrix, 165 Sumrix, S. D., 202 Suttle, H. C, 253 Suttle, James, 333 Sutton, Eth., 236 Sutton, G. A., 17s Sutton, G. D., 238 Sutton, Ham., 236 Svendson, Lars C, 1 25 Svenson, P. P., 88 Swallow, Jacob, 273 Swain, A. H., 246 Swain, A. M., 360 Swan, 308 Swan, Burr H., 285 Swan, C. A., 56 Swan, D. G., 19, 34, 35, 197, 231 Swanson, G. E., 359 Swartz, 261 Swartzcope, M. F., 191 Swazey, Reverend Arthur, 102 Sweney, Charles, 183 Swenson, Gustaf, 245 Swensson, C. A., 304 Sweetland, John W., 191 Swett, William C, 203, 204 Swick, P. D., 163 Swift, John, 188 Swift, Morton D., 286, 287 Swing, Reverend David, 113, 114, 149 Swormated, 67 Sylvester, George, 159 Symonds, J. Henry, 100 Taift, Edward A., 141 Taft, Louis V., 185, 310 Taggart, John M., 205 Taggart, Robert M., 345 Talbot, E. H., 25 Talbot, John, 297 Talbot, Percy, 297 Talbot, Richard, 297 Talbott, Elisha H., 132 Talbott, Henry C, 350, 351 Talcott, 121 TaUaferro, Richard, 242 Tallmadge, J. D., 105 Tallman, S. W., 156 Talmage, Reverend T. DeWitt, 89 Tanner, J. B., 254, 255 Tanquary, 39 Tansey, John E., 96 Tansey, Robert P., 7 Tapley, W. B., 192, 217, 282, 283 Tate, W. G., 334 Tatham, George M., 194 Taylor, 47, 164, 181, 214, 226, 238 284, 320, 331, 33S Taylor, Benjamin F., 62, 64, 79, 355 Taylor, Cadet, 243, 329, 354 Taylor, C. B., 311, 339 Taylor, Charles H., 114 Taylor, Charles W., 288 Townsend, E. C, 64 Taylor, Edmund D., 322 Taylor, Reverend E. G., 83 Taylor, F. M., 21, 24, 259 Taylor, Francis M., 283 Taylor, Harry W., 174 Taylor, H. L., 354 Taylor, James P., 28 Taylor, J. F., 154 Taylor, John, 260 Taylor, Knox P., 31 Taylor, S. Lovejoy, 163, 171, i8g, 309, 320 Taylor, N. H., 211 Taylor, W. B., 320, 329, 354 Taylor, W. C, 183 Taylor, William, 317 Taylor, Woodbury M., 84 Taylor, Zachary, 61 S94 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Teasdale, Benjamin, 7 Teed, H. G., 108 Teel, Benjamin V., 307 Telstort, W. B., 33 Templeton, 193 Tenney, 214 Tenney, H. A., 183 Tenney, H. W., 183 Terry, Theodore, 167, 168, 231 Terwilliger, George, 182, 327 Tesmer, Mrs. L. S., 319 Tesmer, S. M., 319 Thacker, 347 Theaker, John S., 49 Thew, C. P., 163 Thiele, Reverend A. J., 136 Thiele, Casper, 21 Thielecke, E. H., 191 Thielecke, E. W., 37 Thielecke, Ernest, 37 Tibbetts, A. W., 357 Tinney, C. M., 347 Tisdell, Freeman A., Sr., 348 Thomas, 261 Thomas, A., 308 Thomas, Edward, 214 Thomas, E. H., 154 Thomas, G. F., 138, 139 Thomas, Harrison, 360 Thomas, Henry T., 54 Thomas, Doctor Hiram A., 113 Thomas, H. W., 114 Thomas, J. H., 21 Thomas, John, 308 Thomas, Joseph, 242 Thomas, R., 308 Thomas, Richard S., 345 Thomas, Robert I., 308 Thomas, Robert J., 188 Thomas, R. S., 346 Thomas, W. C. E., 183 Thomas, William B., 180 Thompson, 68, 150, 156, 167 Thompson, Charles L., 102 Thompson, C. M., 262 Thompson, David D., 67 Thompson, D. G., 191 Thompson, George M., 7 Thompson, Hugh Miller, 78 Thompson, J. C, 276 Thompson, John Bradley, 345 Thompson, P. H., 336 Thompson, R. P., 52 Thompson, R. S., 2 Thompson, Slason, 57, 144 Thompson, Thomas M., 347 Thompson, T. O., 148 Thompson, W. F., 13, 345 Thomson, B. F., 32 Thornton, Anthony, 316 Thornton, S. Y., 39 Thornton, W. E., 39 Thorp, E. T., 47 Thrane, Marc, 100 Thrapp, 332 Throgmorton, W. P., 26 Tibbets, A. S., 209 Tice, F. N., 179 Ticknor, James S., 300 Tilden, A. S., 45, 176, 206, 258, 345 Tillinghast, B. F., 244, 245 Tillotson, 154 Tillson, John, 291 Tillson, Judge, 186 Tilton, Theodore, 79 Timpson, Francis, 127 Tinker, Franklin H., 105 Tinkham, E. I., 74 Tippit, Thomas, 267 Tipton, Fred L., 190 Tipton, George L., 190 Tipton, Thomas F., 31 Tisher, loi, 107 Tisher, Theodore, 49 Tissier, Maurice F., 166 Titsworth, A. D., 60 Tobey, 193 Tobey, A. C, 352 Tobey, W. H. H., 352 Tobias, J. J., 142 INDEX TO NAMES S9S Tobin, Charles T., 200, 226 Tofft, Andeis, 88 Tolby, W. S., 229 Tomblin, L. E., 201 Tomblin, M. N., 201 Tomlin, Mary, no Tomlinson, 99 Tomlinson, S. J., 171 Torgeison, Reverend J. Z., 146 Torrance, George, 50 Tounshendeau, 16 Tounshendeau, H. A., 285 Tounshendeau, Mary A., 285 Towne, Reverend Edward C, loi Townsend, S. J., 348 Townsend, W. B., 329 Toy, WilUam H., 51, 296 Tracy, Frank E., 321 Tracy, J. M., 206 Trafton, E. H., 100 Traley, D. A., 175 Tramble, Louis, 22 Treadway, R. M., 4 Treat, S. C, 286 Treider, Reverend Christian, 103, 122 Trench, William, 319 Trice, N. S., 276 Trickey, E. O., 10 Trier, Harry L., 27 Tromley, Lawrence F., 256, 315 Tromley, Theodore, 256, 315 Trousdale, F. A., 242 Trover, E. S., 205 Trover, John W., 36 Trover, Edward S., 37 Trower, W. A., 316, 317 Trowling, 102 Truax, 90 True, 95 Trueblood, 154 Truesdale, 34 Truitt, Charles R., 25, 337 Trumbull, 118 Trumbull, Lyman, Ixxxiii, Ixxxv, n., 66 Trumbull, T. J., 285 Tucker, 136 Tucker, C. F., 334 Tucker, C. M., 356 Tucker, E. B., 239 Tucker, Henry S., 98 Tucker, S. S., 156, 189 Tues, C. E., 127 Tufts, C. D., 47 Tufts, S. P., 47 Tupper, Mrs. E. S., 77 Tupper, Leonidas H., 159 Turner, 16, 105, 122, 200, 247, 285 Turner, A. W., 5 Turner, Charles E., 151 Turner, E. M., 105, 119, 132 Turner, Frank, 151 Turner, J, C, 26 Turner, Jonathan Baldwin, Ixxiii, Ixxiv, 204 Turner, H. L., 88 Turner, O. A., 188 Turner, O. H., 249 Turner, Reverend P. L., 151 Turner, Timothy, Ixii Tumey, L. Jay S., 315 Tuttle, 25, 196 Tuttle, W. H., 298 Twitchell, C. W., 239 Tyrell, 189 Tyrell, D. W., 160, 309 Taylor, Rus., 61 Uhler, Carle A., 247, 262 Ullery, Mark, 17 Umberger, Joseph S., 168, 337 Underbill, 282 Underbill, H. W., 219 Underwood, 28, 29, 276 Underwood, Isaac N., 50, 156, 157 Underwood, Doctor J. J., 10 Underwood, John R., 345 Underwood, William J., 23 Unions, R. M., 216 Urech, J. R., 240 Usrey, William J., Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 157 596 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Utter, 89 Utter, David N., 142 Utter, George S., 81, 91, 296 Utterback, J. C, 311 Vaile, E. O., 131 Van Arsdale, W. W., 129 Van Benthusen, 40 Van Buren, B., 221 Van Buren, Martin, Ixxv, 61, 292, 319 Vance, Elijah M., 258 Van Cleve, Collins, 20, 21, 23, 221 Van Cotirt, T. M., 86 Vandemark, J. K., 19, 346 Vandener, William, 303 Vanderen, P. B., 41 Vandever, Doctor T. G., 169 Van Doom, J. K., 293 Van Doren, 33 Van Doren, R. N., 61 Van Dyke, A. W., 34, 35 Van Galder, F. O., 331 Vangorder, C. F., 351 Van HoUen, 97 Van Kirk, 333 Van Lue, F. M., 152 Van Nortwick, Ira, 26 Van Nortwick, J., 18 Vansant, 118, 128, 202 Vansant, I. L., 173 Van Slyke, 152 Van Slyke, J., 229 Van Skiver, 329 Van Stantvord, Reverend C., 102 Van Syckel, D. B., 283 Van Voris, 312 Vaughn, 10 Vaughn, J. C, S9. 60 Veruer, Francis M., 259 Vesofski, Carl, 30 Vickers, A. K., 344 Vincent, Reverend J. H., 40, 83, 133, 253 Virgin, J. Clark, 3 Vittum, 72 Voak, Doctor J. E., 31 Voegele, Peter, 199 Voeth, Robert, 293 Vegan, James, 277, 278 Volbraith, W., 22 Volensk^, August, 148 Volp, John, 32 Von Epps, William H., 162 Von Kettler, 184 Von Lengerke, August, 22 Von Reichenstein, Julius, 350 Voris, H. C, 350 Vosburg, C. A., 135 Vosburgh, John I., 348 Vosburgh, W. C, 147 Vose, W. W., 17 Voss, 8 Voss, Amo, 61 Voss, J., 184 Wade, 250 Wadleigh, John, 262 Wadsworth, M. G., 13 Waggoner, 269 Waggoner, Doctor E. E., 317, 330 Waggoner, F. R., 249 Waggoner, H. 152 Waggoner, I. V., 330 Waggoner, J. Fred, 129, 131, 145, 149 Waggoner, J. H., 330 Waggoner, Joseph H., 330 Wagner, in, 247 Wagner, Albert, 181 Wagner, James I., 331 Wagner, Oscar, 181 Wagner, R. H., 187 Wagner, W. H., 181 Wagner, William, 181 Waite, 56, 279 Waite, C. B., 303 Waite, Mrs. C. V., 121 Waite, C. W., 331 Waite, Doctor Daniel D., 308 Waite, John, 194 Waite, T. J., 59 Wakefield, C, 28 Walden, 67, loi INDEX TO NAMES S97 Walden, John M., 175 Waldo, 260 Waldo, Edmund, 9 Waldron, 319 Walker, 60, 344 Walker, A. N., 263 Walker, C. E., 147 Walker, D. J., 68 Walker, George, 322 Walker, George P., 349 Walker, Reverend J. B., 58 Walker, Reverend J. F., no Walker, James, go Walker, John W., 193 Walker, M. Garland, 116 Walker, Mrs. M. L., 94 Walker, Napoleon Bonaparte, 205 Walker, Doctor T. H., 263 Walker, Thomas J., 39 Walker, Tom, 22 Walker, W. S., 238 Walker, Reverend Wareham, 170 Wall, 206 Wall, John A., 27, 153, 234, 255, 283, 284, 310 Wallace, 201, 213 Wallace, Dale, 201 Wallace, R. B., 191, 291 Waller, R. A., 141 Wallin, James H., 294 Walls, Cicero V., 262, 330 Walls, C. M., 337 Walls, Cyrus N., 50, 159, 247, 333 Walsh, John R., xc, xcl, 85, 127, 144 Walter, V., 7, 8 Walters, 322, 323 Walters, David R., 2 Walters, William, 341, 342 Wamsley, 11 Wangelin, Otto H., 352 Wanner, 139 Ward, 263 Ward, B. F., 46, 236 Ward, C. J., 129, 130 Ward, D., 3 Ward, F. P., 187 Ward, Jacob, 346 Ward, L. S., 248 Ward, W. J., 187, 242 Warden, J. L., 358 Warder, 146 Ware, 243 Ware, J. E., 57 Ware, Wilbur T., 7 Warner, Charles W., 201 Warner, J. H., 265, 356 Warner, Jacob, 32, 33 Warner, P. F., 3, 197 Warner, Perry M., 306 Wamock, J. C, 238 Warren, Arthur R., 244 Warren, E. W., 34, 267 Warren, Hooper, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxviii, xxxix, n., xli, xlii, xliii, xlvi, xlviii Ivi, Ixiv, 53, SS, 166, 182, 211, 229, 289, 321 Warren, L. W., 286 Washburn, C. A., 72 Washburn, Will S., 234 Washbume, E. B., xlii Wassein, 237 Wassell, C. B., 52 Wassell, Charles D., 259, 296 Wassell, J. B., 259 Wassell, James F., 52 Waterloo, Stanley, 91 Waters, 112 Waters, L. H., 231 Waters, Orin, 28, 29, 30 Watkins, Paul, 151, 163 Watson, 302 Watson, G. L., 296, 354 Watson, J. D., 320 Watson, J. R., 278 Watson, James V., 67 Watson, L. F., 201, 283, 351 Watson, Lorenzo F., 351 Watson, W. W., 17 Watters, James C, 247 598 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Watts, Amos, 259 Waugh, J. Walter, 249 Waugh, John A., 249 Way, 259 Weaver, Mrs. Elizabeth, 273 Weaver, George F., 270 Weaver, J. D., 281 Weaver, Volney, 228 Webb, A. D., 333 Webb, G. L., 3S9 Weber, Ixscxvii Weber, George R., 322, 323 Weber, George W., 323, 333 Weber, J. R., 323 Weber, John B., 323 Weber, R., 325 Webster, Alfred, 244 Webster, B. F., 7 Webster, E. C., 219 Webster, G. H., 264 Webster, J. C, 223, 224 Webster, General J. D., 59 Weddell, Thomas R., 280 Weeden, 23, 196 Weeden, T. C, 20 Weedin, 350 Weigler, G. H., 7 Weigley, W., 202 Weipert, Carl, 156 Weir, J. C, 29s Weiss, A., 277 Weiss, Peter, 199 Welch, 16 Welch, E. E., 172 Welch, Robert W., 248 Welch, Rodney, 54 Welch, Thomas W., 282 Welker, Henry, 47 Weller, John S., 67 Wells, H. K.., 173 Wells, H. W., 186 Wells, J. C, 326 Wells, Joel Henry, 72, 76, 100 Wells, P. L., 69, 76 Welsh, T. W., 289 Welsher, W. A., 25 Wenbome, C, 126, 135 Wendell, Charles, 133 Wendell, M., 118 Wendling, George R., 316, 317 Wendte, Reverend C. W., 142 Wenstrand, A. E., 123 Wentworth, E., 220 Wentworth, John, Ixxx, 52 Wenzel, Doctor F., 22, 23 Werkheiser, George, 244 West, xlviii West, C. Abe, 319 West, Edward W., 21 West, Emanuel J., 166 West, H. W., 147 West, James J., 66 West, Reverend Robert,],8, 89 West, W. S., 327 Westbrook, Harmon, 242 Westby, 87 Westergreen,^N. O., 82 Western, H. J., 60 Weston, Allyn, 68 Wetzel, 254 Whaley, Charles, 297 Wharton, 303 Wharton, O. P., Ixxvii, Ixxviii Wheadon, Selah, 197, 223 Whedon, D. D., 103 Wheeler, 129, 189 WheeIer,JD. H., 251 Wheeler, Hiram N., 172, 309 Wheeler,|J. N., 172 Wheeler, John E., 59, 214 Wheeler, R., 126 Wheeler, R. W., 120 Wheeler, S. P., 249 Wheelock, A. A., 206, 357 Whelan, John L., log Whetzell, 178 Whetzell, D. C, 229 Whififen, William B., 217 Whipple, H. R., 41, 112 Whipple, T. Herbert, 14, 64, 70 INDEX TO NAMES S99 Whitaker, Charles H., 231, 335, 346 White, 92, 96, 116, 240, 293 White, Mrs. Annie R., 105 White, D. N., 348 White, George, 196 White, H. F., 263 White, Horace, Ixxii, Ixxx, n., xci, 60 60, n. White, Doctor James W., 75 White, Louise, 245 White, OUver, 1, 214, 245, 277, 336 White, Samuel S. W., 75 White, W. W., 359 Whitehall, Alexander L., 351 Whitehead, S. S., 236 Whitehurst, 51 Whitehurst, S. S., 323 Whiteley, Simeon, 14 Whitfield, Herbert, 278 Whitfield, James, 277 Whiting, R. H., 185, 280 Whitlock, John A., 236, 355 Whitman, J. D., 167, 168 Whitmarsh, 63 Whitney, A. V., 318, 319 Whitney, C. A., 319 Whitney, C. E., 319 Whitney, C. N., 215, 218, 290 Whitney, Cash, 347 Whitney, Reverend S. W., 105 Whittemore, Caleb, 279 Whitten, Charles P., 231 Whitten, George E., 264 Whittier, A. L., 100 Whitting, 179 Whittleton, 18 Wickham, H. E., 313 Wiehr, George F., 291 Wight, J. Ambrose, 53, 54, 58, 60, 298 Wignall, Thomas H., 69 Wignall, Thomas M., 69 Wilbanks, R. A. D., 255 Wilborg, 185 Wilbur, H. S., 302 Wilcox, C. A., 291 Wilcox, D. F., 291 Wilcox, Daniel, 291 Wilcox, Edmund, 207 Wilcox, L. C, 47 Wilcox, T. G., 100 Wild, J. W., 264 Wild, W. G., 218 Wiley, E.!»,R., Jr., 325 Wiley, Edmtmd R., 323 Wiley, J. W., 86, loi Wilgus, Professor, 25 Wilhelm, Victor, 43 Wilhelmy, Henry, 134 Wilkes, W. W., 244 Wilkie, Franc B., 66 Wilkins, r77 Wilkins, D. R., 139 Wilkins, Daniel, 133 Wilkins, Theodore, 20 Wilkinson, 283 Wilkinson, Henley, 19 Wilkinson, Reverend, John, no Will, 40 Willard, E. K., 74 Willard, Frances E., 83, 84 WilIard,(;Mrs. Mary B., 148 Willard, Nathan, 235, 236 Willard, Oliver A., 84 Willard, Samuel, Ixiii, 292, 324, 325 Willeford, W. H., 233 WiUett, E., 35 William, A., 33 Williams, 282, 337 Williams, C. I., 192 Williams, C. J., 311 Williams, Charles F., 207 WilUams, D. B., 30 Williams, D. G., 294 WilUams, E. A., 178 Williams, Frederick G., 260 Williams, G.' M., 24 Williams, J. H., 239 WilUams, J. M., 286 WilUams, J. T., 330 WilUams,[John S., 155 6oo ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Williams, Laubson, 207 Williams, Samuel H., 108, iii Williams, Scott, 328 Williams, Thomas, 69 Williams, Tom, 337 Williams, W. C, 271, 272 Williamson, E. E., 195 Williamson, H. L., 257 Willis, 170 Williston, George G., 85 Willoughby, A. V., 332 Willoughby, C. E. H., 284 Willoughby, Thomas K., 164, 284 Wilmans, C. J., 176 Wilmans, C. I., 176, 250 Wilmans, J. F., 251 Wilmans, J. H., 250 Wilson, 2, II, 25, loi, 150, 187, 217, 26s, 290, 306, 308, 319, 344 Wilson, Benjamin, 14 Wilson, Benjamin F., 189 Wilson, B. T., 188, 189 Wilson, Charles L., 57, 62 Wilson, Charles W., 337 Wilson, David D., 254 Wilson, Edward, 34, 197, 238 Wilson, Edwin A., 325, 326 Wilson, F., 302 Wilson, F. B., 269 Wilson, George W., 214 Wilson, Henry, 294 Wilson, Hugh M., 133 Wilson, James Grant, 71, 72, 74, 79 Wilson, James W., 140 Wilson, John, 189 Wilson, John L., 57 Wilson, John M., 265 Wilson, John R., 57 Wilson, Reverend Joseph Gaston, 66 Wilson, L. F., 143 Wilson, L. O., 289 Wilson, M. L., 179 Wilson, Richard L., 57, 61 Wilson, Robert, 58 Wilson, S. D., 269 Wilson, T. T., 230 Wilson, Thomas, 89, 109, 124 Wilson, W. D., 26s Wilson, William, 348 Wilson, William Duane, 58, 59, 65 Wilson, Zip, 329 Winchell, S. R., 131 Windle, Alexander, 251 Wing, 40 Wing, J. B., 90, 105 Wing, J. M., 97, 133 Wingate, Charles H., 157 Wingren, E., 135 Winkler, John, 238 Winship, 290 Winter, Mrs. Anna, 156 Winter, Carl C, 156, 304 Winter, Edward C, 292 Winter, J. S., 260 Winter, John S., 39, 216 Winterberger, Frank, 316 Winters, Benjamin, 333 Witcher, Robert B., 266 Withers, H. C, 45 Witt, M., 184 Wittan, 288 Witte, J. J., 271 Wittig, Victor, 82, 300 Wolf, 179, 22s Wolf, E. G., 168 Wolf, J., 279 Wolf, L. P., 224, 281, 282 Wolf, Lyman E. D., 64 Wolfe, 219, 232 Wolfe, C. E., 177, 206, 230 Wolfe, J. W., 173, 202, 214, 222, 227, 253. 290 Wolfe, Thomas, 31, 275 Wolff, J. W., 150 Wolff, Doctor M. L., 287 Wolford, Henry, 278 Wolfram, Joseph, 281 Wood, C. L., 178 Wood, E. A., 178 Wood, J. Q. A., 63 INDEX TO NAMES 6oi Wood, John, 85 Wood, L. M., 335 Wood, M. B., 192 Woodbury, Charles J., 299 Woodbury, Edward Everett, 112 Woodcock, 278 Woodcock, O. F., 172, 360 Woodmere, W. S., 90 Woodruff, Wilford, 260 Woods, 238 Woods, C. M., 290, 292 Woods, George, 119 Woods, Robert Mann, 208 Woods, Captain Thomas E., 239 Woods, William J., 185 Woods, Winfield, 239 Woodward, C. S., 198 Woodward, J. D., 198 Woolen, Henry T., 232 Worden, Ananias, 66 Workman, William, 49 Worrall, B. F., 58, 60 Worrall, Thomas D., 207 Worrell, William H., 179 Worthington, Charles M., 327, 328 Woud, John Vant, Si Wright, 296, 344 Wright, George E., 299 Wright, J., 89 Wright, James, 266, 266, n. Wright, John B., 197 Wright, John S., 53, 54 Wright, N. D., 299 Wright, O. H., 196 Wright, Thomas, 206 Wright, Timothy, 59 Wright, W., 29 Wright, Washington, 69, 324 Wright, Will C, 194 Wrightman, William M., 18 Wroe, 108 Wuench, Reverend Alfred, 158, 159 Wuertenburg, 183 Wulflf, A., 326 Wyatt, Mrs. Anna, 225 Wyatt, Hiram, 214 Wyatt, Colonel W. D., 225 Wyman, John B., 9 Wynkoop, A. B., 227, 352 Yamell, George, 222 Yates, Abraham, 261 Yates, Hawes, 204 Yates, Richard, Ixxxiv, u., 271 Yates, Reverend T., 68 Yeager, George I., loi, 120, 136, 138 Yeargin, J. S., 265 Yeargin, L. T., 265 Yerby, G. W., 71 Yerkes, Charles T., in York, George W., 77 Youmans, George B., 313 Young, 74, 128, 291, 296, 315 Young, B. S., 226 Young, David G., 233 Young, E. W., 342 Young, George W., 234 Young, H. W., 263 Young, Henry, 222 Young, Henry W., 187 Young, J. H., 20"i Young, John A., 317 Young, Merrill C, 276 Young, Richard M., 290 Yoimg, Robert S., 226 Young, W. S., 181 Yount, Lozier D., 266 Zabriskie, D. L., 309 Zane, 283 Zarley, C, 207 Zarley, C, Jr., 207, 208 Zdrubeck, F. B., 129 Zeese, A., 116 Zeller, J. R., 296 Zeller, S. W., 296, 355 Zepp, D. H., 263 ^ Zieber, John S., 278 Zimmerman, Jacob, 236, 251, 338 Zimmerman, M. V., 178 Zotz, Alois, 279, 280 Zwanzig, Adolph, 281 INDEX TO COUNTIES INDEX TO COUNTIES Adams County Camp Point, 38 Clayton, 150 Mendon, 240 Payson, 276 Quincy, 290-294 Alexander County Cairo, 35 Bond County Greenville, 193 Boone County Belvidere, 25 C apron, 40 Brown County Mt. Sterling, 253, 254 Versailles, 344 Bureau County Buda, 34 Lamoille, 2r8 Neponset, 261 Princeton, 289, 290 Tiskilwa, 335 Walnut, 348 Calhoun County Hardin, r95 Carroll County Lanark, 2r8 Mt. Carroll, 25 r Savanna, 312 Shannon, 313 Thomson, 334 Cass County Ashland 11 Beardstown, 18 Chandlerville, 49 Virginia, 34S-347 Champaign County Champaign, 47 Homer, 201, 306 Mahomet, 232 Philo, 283 Rantoul, 294, 295 Tolono, 335 Urbana, 338, 339 Christian County Assumption, 12 Morrisonville, 248 Pana, 272, 273 Taylorville, 333, 334 Clark County Casey, 46, 256 Marshall, 235, 236, 237 Martinsville, 237 jj Richmond, 296 Ji Westfield, 354. 355 Clay County Clay City, 130 Flora, 179 Louisville, 228 Clinton County Carlyle, 42 Clement, 151 Huey, 201 S Trenton, 337 Coles Cpjinty Charleston, 49 iilattoon, 238, 239 Oakland, 265 Cook County Arlington Heights, Ji Barrington Station, 17 Blue Island, 32 Chicago, 52-149 Des Plaines, 161 Dolton, 162 Englewood, 173 Evanston, 174': Hyde Park, 202 Lemont, 221 Mt. Forest, 252 Noyesville, 265 Palatine, 271 Park Ridge, 274 Riverside, 296 South Chicago, 319 West Chicago, 354 Crawford County Hutsonville, 201 Robinson, 297 605 6o6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Cumberland County Greenup, 193 Majority Point, 232 Neoga, 261 Toledo, 33S De Kalb County De Kalb, 160 Genoa, 189 Hinckley, 201 Lee, 313 Malta, 232 Sandwich, 311, 312 Shabbona, 313 Somonauk, 319 Sycamore, 331, 332 Waterman, 351 De Witt Coimty Clinton, 151, 152 Farmer City, 177 Kenney, 214 Douglas County Areola, 11 Newman, 262 Tuscola, 337 Du Page County Naperville, 257, 258 Turner Junction, 337 Wayne, 354 Wheaton, 355 Edgar County Chrisman, 150 Kansas, 211 Paris, 273, 274 Edwards County Albion, -i Effingham County Altamont, 3 Effingham, 169 Ewington, 175 Mason, 238 Fayette County Farina, 177 St. Elmo, 309 Vandalia, 340-343 Ford County Gibson City, 189 Paxton, 275 Piper City, 284 Roberts, 297 Franklin County Benton, 26 Ewing, 174 Fulton County Astoria, 12 Avon, 17 Canton, 39 Farmington, 179 Ipava, 202 Lewistown, 222 Vermont, 344 Gallatin County Shawneetown, 314-316 Greene County CarroUton, 44 Greenfield, 192 Kane, 209 Roodhouse, 305, 306 White Hall, 193, 355, 356 Grundy County Gardner, 187 Morris, 247 Hamilton County McLeansboro, 229, 230 Hancock County Augusta, 13 Carthage, 45 Commerce, 153 Dallas, 154 Hamilton, 195 La Harpe, 217 Nauvoo, 260, 261 Plymouth, 286 Warsaw, 348, 349 Hardin County Elizabethtown, 172 Henderson County Biggsville, 27 Oquawka, 268 Raritan, 295 Henry County Cambridge, 38 Galva, 186 Geneseo, 188 Kewanee, 214 Magnolia, 232 Orion, 269, 270 WoodhuU, 358, 3S9 Iroquois County Ashkum, 11 Buckley, 33, 267 Chebanse, 50 Clifton, 151 Oilman, 189 Loda, 228 Middleport, 242 Milford, 243 INDEX TO COUNTIES 607 Iroquois County — continued Onaiga, 267 Sheldon, 318 Watseka, 351, 352 Jackson County Ava, 17 Carbondale, 40 De Soto, 161 Grand Tower, 191 Murphysboro, 256, 257 Jasper County Newton, 263 Jefferson County Mt. Vernon, 254-256 Jersey County Grafton, 191 Jerseyville, 206, 207 Jo Daviess County Apple River, 11 Dunleith, 163 Galena, 182-184 Warren, 348 Johnson County New Bumside, 262 Norris City, 264 Vienna, 344 Kane County Aurora, 13 Batavia, 18 Dundee, 163 Elgin, 170 Geneva, 188 Hampshire, 195 St. Charles, 308, 309 Kankakee County Buckingham, 33 Chebanse, 50 Grant Park 192 Kankakee, 210, 211 Momence, 245 St. Anne, 308 Kendall County Bristol, 33 Little Rock, 227 Millington, 243 Newark, 262 Oswego, 270 Piano, 285, 286 Yorkville, 361 Knox County Abingdon, j. Altona, 9 Galesburg, 184 Knox County — continued Knoxville, 216 Maquon, 233 Oneida, 267 Yates City, 360, 361 Lake County Lake Zurich, 217 Little Fort, 227 Waukegan, 352, 353 La Salle County Dana, 154 Earlville, 164 La Salle, 219 Lostant, 228 Lowell, 229 Mendota, 240 New Rutland, 262 Ottawa, 270, 271 Peru, 282 Ransom, 294 Rockwell, 305 Rutland, 308 Seneca, 313 Sheridan, 318, 319 Streator, 329 Tonica, 335 Utica, 339 Lawrence County Lawrenceville, 220 Sumner, 331 Lee County Amboy, 9 Ashton, 12 Compton, 153 Dixon, 161 Franklin Grove, 180 Lee, 221 Paw Paw, 27 s Livingston County Chatsworth, 50 Cornell ville, 153 Dwight, 164 Fairbiuy, 175 Long Point, 228 Odell, 265 Pontiac, 287, 288 Logan County Atlanta, 12 Lincoln, 223-225 Mt. Pulaski, 253 Macon County Decatur, 156-160 Macon, 232 Niantic, 263 6o8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Macoupin County Brighton, 33 Bunker Hill, 34 Carlinville, 41 Gillespie, 189 Girard, 190 Medora, 239 Nilwood, 263 Scottsville, 313 Shipman, 319 Staunton, 327 Virden, 345 Madison County Alton, 3-9 Collinsville, 153 Edwardsville, 166 Troy, 337 Upper Alton, 338 Marion County Central City, 46 Centralia, 46 Kinmundy, 215 Odin, 265 Salem, 309-311 Sandoval, 311 Marshall County Henry, 198 Lacon, 216 La Rose, 218 Lawnridge, 219 Sparland, 319 Varna, 344 Wenona, 354 Mason County Havana, 196 Mason City, 238 Massac County Metropolis, 241 McDonough County Blandinsville, 27 Bushnell, 34 Colchester, 153, 231 Macomb, 151 Prairie City, 288 McHenry County Algonquin, 3 Harvard, 196 Marengo, 233 McHenry, 229 North Crystal Lake, 265 Nunda, 265 Richmond, 296 Woodstock, 359, 360 McLean County Bellflower, 25 Bloomington, 27 Chenoa, 50 Dan vers, 155 Gridley, 194 Le Jloy, 222 Lexington, 223 Normal, 264 Saybrook, 312 Stanford, 327 Weston, 355 Menard County Maroa, 234, 235 Petersburg, 283 Tallula, 332 Mercer County Aledo, 2 Keithsburg, 213 New Boston, 262 Nev? Windsor, 263 Monroe County Columbia, 295 Waterloo, 350, 351 Montgomery County Hillsboro, 199 Litchfield, 226 Nokomis, 263, 264 Raymond, 295 Morgan County Jacksonville, 202-206 Meredosia, 241 Waverly, 353, 354 Moultrie County Lovington, 229 Sullivan, 330 Ogle County Byron, 35 Creston, 154 Davis Junction 156 Forreston, 179 Grand Detoiu:, 191 Kyte River, 216 Lane, 218 Monroe, 246 Mt. Morris, 252 Oregon, 268, 269 Polo, 286, 287 Rochelle, 218, 297, 298 Peoria County Brimfield, 33 Chillicothe, 150 Elmwood, 172 Peoria, 278-282 INDEX TO COUNTIES 609 Peoria County — continued Princeville, ago Robin's Nest, 209 Perry County Du Quoin, 163 Pinckneyville, 283, 284 Tamaroa, 332, 333 Piatt County Bement, 26 Mansfield, 232 Monticello, 246, 247 Pike County Barry, 17 Griggsville, 194 Milton, 243 Perry, 282 Pittsfield, 284, 285 Pope County Golconda, 191 Pulaski County Caledonia, 38 Mound City, 249 Putnam County Granville, 192 Hennepin, 197 Randolph County Chester, 51 Coulterville, 153 Kaskaskia, 211-213 Palestine, 272 Red Bud, 295, 296 Sparta, 3i9-32r Steeleville, 327 Richland County Olney, 265-267 Rock Island County Moline, 244, 245 Port Byron, 288 Rock Island, 302-304 Saline County Eldorado, 170 Hartisburg, 195 Stone Fort, 329 Sangamon County Auburn, 13 New Berlin, 262 Riverton, 296 Springfield, 321-326 St. Clair County Belleville, 20 East St. Louis, 165 lUinoistown, 202 St. Clair County — continued lUiopolis, 202 Lebanon, 220 Mascoutah, 237 New Athens, 262 O'Fallon, 265 Rock Spring, 305 Schuyler County Rushville, 306-308 Scott County Bluffs, 32 Exeter, 175 Manchester, 232 Naples, 258 Winchester, 357, 358 Shelby County Moweaqua, 256 Shelbyville, 316-318 Stewartson, 329 Windsor, 358 Stark County Bradford, 32 Toulon, 335, 336 Wyoming, 360 Stephenson County Dakota, 154 Davis, 156 Freeport, 180, 181 Lena, 221 Tazewell County Delavan, 160 Minier, 243 Pekin, 276-278 Tremont, 336, 337 Washington, 349, 350 Union County Anna, 10 Cobden, 153 Vermillion County Danville, 155, 156 Hoopeston, 201 Marysville, 237 Rossville, 306 Wabash County Mt. Carmel, 250 Warren County Alexis, 3 Kirkwood, 215, 268 Monmouth, 246 Roseville, 306 Young America, 361 6io ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Washington County Ashley, 12 Nashville, 258-260 Richview, 296 Wayne County Fairfield, 175 Jeffersonville, 206 White Coimty Carmi, 44 Enfield, 173 Grayville, 192 Whiteside County Albany, 2 Erie, 173 Fulton, 181 Lyndon, 229 Morrison, 248 Prophetstown, 290 Rock Falls, 29S Sterling, 327-329 Tampico, 333 Will County Beecher, 20 Braidwood, 32 Crete, 154 Joliet, 207-209 Will County — continued Lockport, 227 Mokena, 244 Monee, 243 Peotone, 282 Plainfield, 285 Wilmington, 356 Williamson County Marion, 233, 234 Winnebago County Cherry Valley, 51 Durand, 164 Pecatonica, 276 Rockford, 298-302 Rockton, 305 Woodford County Benson, 26 El Paso, 173 Eureka, 173 Low Point, 229 Metamora, 241 Minonk, 243 ' Roanoke, 297 Secor, 313 Washburn, 241, 349 Woodford, 358 ^m^.^>mi^,