Huntington Free Library Native American Collection CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924104093798 ETHNOGRAPHICAL ALBUM OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COASTS OF AMERICA AND ASIA Jesup North Pacific Expedition PART I. NEW YORK AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 1900 CONTENTS Thompson Indians . Thompson Indians . Thompson Indians . Thompson Indians . Thompson Indians Thompson Indians . Thompson Indians Thompson Indians Thompson Indians Thompson Indians . Thompson Indian. Child and Shuswap Indian Shuswap Indian Shuswap Indian Shuswap Indians . Half-blood Shuswap Indians Thompson River at Spences Bridge The Coyote Rocks near Spencks Bridge Rock in Nicola Valley Underground House, Nicola Valley Ruins of Underground House, Nicola Valley Framework of Lodge, Thompson Indians Framework of Lodge, Thompson Indians Framework of Sweat-Lodge, Thompson Indians Framework of Sweat-Lodge, Nicola Valley . Lillooet Indians . . . . . Lillooet Indians ...... Lillooet Indians ...... Lillooet Indians ...... PLATE I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 1 1 12 '3 14 15 i6 17 i8 '9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ETHNOGRAPHICAL ALBUM OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COASTS OF AMERICA AND ASIA Plates i-ii. Thompson Indians. — The Thompson Indians speak a language belonging to the Salishan stock. They inhabit the southern interior of British Columbia around the confluence of Fraser and Thompson Rivers. In type they resemble other tribes inhabiting the plateaus of southern British Columbia. They are rather short of stature. Their heads are broad, though small. Their faces are narrow, as compared to those of the Coast Indians, and the nose is in most cases of a marked Indian type. Following is a list of average measurements obtained from a series of seventy men and sixty-five women : — Stature Length of head . Breadth of head Breadth of face . Height of face . A full description of the customs of these Indians has been published in the "Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History," under the title "The Thompson Indians of British Columbia," by James Teit. The plates are reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. MEN WOMEN mm. mm. 1634 1540 186 179 156 150 147 139 120 112 Plates 12-15. Shuswap Indians. — The Shuswap Indians speak a language closely related to that of the Thompson Indians. It also belongs to the Salishan stock. They inhabit a large portion of the interior of British Columbia, extending in a general way froin the upper course of Thompson River northwestward to the upper course of Fraser River. They are divided into a number of bands. The individuals represented on Plates 12-15 belong to the Kamloops band, who inhabit the region near the confluence of North and South Thompson Rivers. In type the Shuswap Indians are quite similar to the Thompson Indians. The plates are reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. 3 ALBUM OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST. Plate i6. Thompson River at Spences Bridge. — Reproduced from a photograph taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Plate 17. The Coyote Rocks. — The Thompson Indians, who inhabit the region around Spences Bridge, have traditions in regard to many rocks and bowlders of remarkable shape found in their country. Ac- cording to their beliefs, they are transformed beings. The three rocks shown on this plate are believed to be the Coyote, his wife, and her basket, transformed into stone. Reproduced from a photograph taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Plate 18. Rock in Nicola Valley. — The trail up Nicola Valley leads past the foot of the high cliffs shown on this plate. The Indians were in the habit of shooting arrows toward the top of the cliff to test their strength. Reproduced from a negative taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Plates 19, 20. Underground House, Nicola Valley. — In former times the Thompson Indians lived in underground houses which were supported by four heavy beams. Access was had through a hole in the top by means of a ladder. The plate shows the ruins of one of the last houses of this kind in existence. The details of construction of the house are recognized on Plate 20. Reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Plates 21, 22. Framework of Lodge, Thompson Indians. — In summer the Thompson Indians live in lodges covered with mats. Several styles of lodges are in use. Some have a somewhat rectangular ground plan (Plate 21), while others are conical, like the tents of the Plains Indians (Plate 22). On the tree to the rio-ht in Plate 22 a number of cradles may be seen suspended from the branches. It is customary among these Indians, after the children have outgrown their cradles, to suspend the latter on branches of trees. The cradles are never used for more than one child. Reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Plates 23, 24. Framework of Sweat-Lodge. — The Thompson Indians use the sweat-lodge quite extensively. It is generally made of supple wands both ends of which are stuck into the ground (Plate 23), 4 ALBUM OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST. or sometimes of poles arranged in the form of a small conical tent (Plate 24). The framework is covered with mats or other material. A fire is lighted outside of the lodge, in which stones are heated. When hot, these are put into the lodge, which is covered over. The person who wants to take a sweat-bath crawls into the lodge, and sprinkles water on the hot stones. After he has staid inside for a sufficient length of time, he takes a plunge in cold water. Reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Plates 25-28. Lillooet Indians.- — The Lillooet Indians speak a language of the Salishan stock, which is closely related to the languages of the Thompson and Shuswap Indians. They inhabit a valley ex- tending from Harrison Lake northward to Fraser River. They present a very peculiar type. They are very short of stature, and their heads differ remarkably from those of the neighboring tribes. The heads are small and very broad. Their faces also are broader than those of other tribes of the interior. This may be due to intermixture with Coast tribes. The plates are reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Roland B. Dixon. Alburn ol' the North Pacific Coast. Tr.A'i'K I. -^ m^^.: . ^m^ -Am. Mil.. .\:il. Ili.l, Thoinpsoji Indians. Album or tile North Pncilie Coast. I'l.A'IK J. '^^^^tiL,' ^ ^.-jk^wI^hB|UB|hrE^^^^H^^^^^^\ ^^^M I -ft % Sj^.i 4.;. £■■' • ^^^^^Eit ^ ibSiBl6iltshfmf^w^^S¥^^^KEI^^ ( •/ 3 A Rr w'^ Wj'-'--/ '■Hfc*aft!Vs;' .(-.■,»**, Ain. Mu^ \,ll Hist. Tliompson Indians. Album ol' the North Pacific Coast. Pi.A-iF, ;,. .^■ \ Alii Mil- \:il. Ill I. Thompson Indians. Album or the Nor-th Pacific Coast. Plajk 4. V^.v Am. Mil-. .Nnl lll^l. Tliompsoii Indians. Album of the North Pacific Coast. I'l.A'I'K q. ii&aiiaBPrsjias'-; : :> • ry^rf:^ ■^ri'-'mtr. Thompson Indians. Aiii. M,i>. .\lii, Jli^i Album of the North Paeifle Coast. I'l.ATK (\. \ 'v. -# ^M u a 'W^^"'\j .A, Thompson Indians. All). Mil,. .N;,i. |li;,L. Album of the North Pacific Coast. I'l.A'IK 7. 'W:' I .f I r- -'^ -^» ^^^ All,. Mu,. .\;|l. Mi, I. Thompson Indians. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Pl,ATK 8. Am. ^lll^. NlTT^ Hist. Thompson Indians. Album of the North Paeific Coast. I'latf, (j. -^J?^M Am. MuK. Niil. Hist. Thompson Indians. Album of the North Pacific Coast. I'l.A'JF J(i. Bi ■ Bmm '>''^^c '^^u '^a^^B ^^^K^- 1|^H ^^B w> ^ii^Bi^i^mWM H ^Wmi^^M ^H ^^^^H •' ' ,. ' • .- ^ n "''iiiilHl ' •i WS^^Kj^^m SS', ^ Hr 'j£- ^.,, ii jjr '" 1 Am, Mu-, \.a. 111 ThoiTipson Indians. Album of the North Pacinc Coast. Platf I 1 . V ^.'^r W].. L, Thompson Indian Child and Shuswap Indian. Ai,i. Mu-. .N»l. llisi. Album of the North Paeifie Coast Pf-riF, r ■. ■««l An.. ,Mns. Nat. 11,-. I Shus^Az-tip Indian. AlbuiTi of the North Pacific Coast I'LA'IR i:;. An., Mus. Nut. lllfl. Sliuswap Indian. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Pl.ATR 14. Am. Mu.s. N;il. ^i^t. Shusv/ap Indians. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Plate i 5 . m» t'.< •umMa^ji -if!^ I w ■^d^e&^^^i^ Half-blood Shuswap Indians. Aiii. Miis N:it Hist. ¥.'•" Album of the North Paeific Coast. Plate i 6 . Am. iVlus. Niil. ilist. Thompson River at Spences Bridge. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Pl.A'IF. I 7. Aui. .VI us. Nal. llisl. The Coyote Rocks near Spences Bridge. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Pl,ATF, I 8. /\Mi. Miis. iN:a Hisl. Rock in Nicola Valley. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Pl.A'JF, 19. Am. .Mus. \M. llist. Underground House, Nicola Valley. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Am. Mil--. Nal, liisl. Ruins of Underground House, Nicola Valley. AlbuiTL of the North Paeifie Coast. Am. Mils. i\jl. Ui5t. Frame\AAork of Lodge, Thompson Indians. Album of the North Pacific Coast. FLATK 2 2 . Am. -Mus. Nal. Hist. Framework of Lodge, Thompson Indians. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Pl.ATK 23. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Framework of Sweat-Lodge, Thompson Indians. Album of the North Pacific Coast. Pl.A-lF 24, Am. .Mils. :\ai. 11,^.1. Framework of Sweat-Lodge, Nicola Valley. Album of the North Pacific Coast, F'l.ATF, 2 T . All.. Mus N;a Mi.sl. Lillooet Indians. Album of the North PMoifio Coast. I'l.ATF, 26. sfe- Am. Mils. N:Lt. Hi.^t. Lil l< (CK-t 1 1 11 1 iii 1 IS Album of the North Pacifle Coast. Fl.A'lK 27. Am. Mils. ,\iit. Hist. Ll I I LMJtjl 1. 1 id Itl 1 l.-D. Album or t,h..- North Paeitic Coast. I'latf, 2S. im-'Tt'-" ir-f^/ '^f%4.1) All.. Mils. N:ll. Ill-.l. Lillooet Iiuliiiiis. 807 39NJD BK V--P 10/92 163B50 lUfU ^1