fyxmll THE GIFT OF pilrmg FoorfwW O^ *b.S^\Xl>'v\W°i\^% Q>\a\oQ Cornell University Library LT101 .C73 1887 The Orbis pictus of John Amos Comenius, olin 3 1924 032 499 455 DATE DUE MAR-a^Henr w / >- I *. *' "WjiJilL . illiflliiiM ■83^*™T>r™ ^"^^^ 'f'f^'K -, ,-., i i CAY LORD PRINTIOINU.S.A. WW Cornell University Library The original of this bool< is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032499455 THE ORBIS PICTUS OF John Amos Comenius. This work is, indeed, the first children's picture book.- ENCYCLOPiBDlA BrITANNICA, gTH EDITION, vi. 182. SYRACUSE, N. Y.: C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER, 1887. Copyright, 1887, by C. W. Bardeen. d)h''^. ^ It may not be generally known that Comenius was once solicited to become President of Harvard College. The follow- ing is a quotation from Vol. II, p. 14, of Cotton Mather's MagnaliA: "That brave old man, Johannes Amos Commenius, the fame of whose worth has been trumpetted as far as more than three languages ^whereof everyone is indebted unto his Janua^ could carry it, was indeed agreed withal, by one Mr. Winthrop in his travels through the low countries, to come over to New Eng- land, and illuminate their Colledge and country, in the quality of a President, which was now become vacant. But the solicita- tions of the Swedish Ambassador diverting him another way, that incomparable Moravian became not an American." This was on the resignation of President Dunster, in 1654 — Note of Prof. Payne, Compayre's History of Education, Boston, 1886, p. 125. f^drryt^ y 6 /i/qco Editor's Preface. When it is remembered that this work is not only ;an educational classic of prime importance, but that it was the first picture-book ever made for children and was for a century the most popular text-book in Europe, and yet has been for many years unattaina- ble on account of its rarity, the wonder is, not that it is reproduced now but that it has not been repro- duced before. But the difHculty has been to find a •satisfactory copy. Many as have been the editions, few copies have been preserved. It was a book chil- dren were fond of and wore out in turning the leaves •over and over to see the pictures. Then as the old copper-plates became indistinct they were replaced by wood-engravings, of coarse execution, and often of changed treatment. Von Raumer complains that the edition ot 1 7 5 5 substitutes for the original cut of the Soul, ('No. 43, as here given,^ a picture of an eye, and in a table the figures I. I. II. I. I. II., and adds that it is ■difiBcult to recognize in this an expressive psycholog- ical symbol, and to explain it. In an edition I have, published in Vienna in 1779, this cut is omitted alto- gether, and indeed there are but 82 in place of the 157 found in earlier editions, the following, as num- bered in this edition, being omitted : 1, the alphabet, 2, 36, 43,45. <56, 68, 75, 76, 78-80, 87, S8, 92-122, 124, 126, 128, 130-141, (iii) IV THE ORBIS PICTUS. On the other hand, the Vienna edition contains a curious additional cut. It gives No. 4, the Heaven, practically as in this edition, but puts another cut under it in which the earth is revolving about the sun ; and after the statement of Conienius, "Caelum ro- taiur, et ambit terram, in medio stantem " interpolates : " prout veteres crediderunt; recentiores enim defendunt motum terrae circa solem " [as the ancients used to think; for later authorities hold that the motion of the earth is about the sun.] Two specimen pages from another edition are in- serted in Payne's Compayr6's History of Education ('between pp. 126, 127^. The cut is the representa- tive of No. 103 in this edition, but those who com- pare them will see not only how much coarser is the execution of the wood-cut Prof. Payne has copied, but what liberties have been taken with with the de- sign. The only change in the Latin text, however, is from Designat Figuras rerum in the original, to Figuram rerum designat. In this edition the cuts are unusually clear copies- of the copper-plates of the first edition of 1658, from which we have also taken the Latin text. The text for the English translation is from the English edi- tion of 1727, in which for the first time the English words were so arranged as to stand opposite their Latin equivalents. The cuts have been reproduced with great care by the photographic process. I thought best not to per- mit them to be retouched, preferring occasional in- distinctness to modern tampering with the originals that would make them less authentic. EDITOR S PREFACE. V The English text is unchanged from that of the 1727 edition, except in rare instances where substitu- tions have been made for single words not now per- missible. The typography suggests rather than imi- tates the quaintness of the original, and the paper was carefully selected to produce so far as practica- ble the impression of the old hand-presses. In short my aim has been to put within the reach -of teachers at a moderate price a satisfactory repro- duction of this important book; and if the sale of the Orbis Pictus seems to warrant it, I hope subsequently to print as a companion volume the Vestibulum and y^anua of the same author, of which I have choice ■copies. C. W. Bardeen. Syracuse, Sept. 28, 1887. Comments upon the Orbis Pictus. During four years he here prosecuted his efforts in behalf of education with commendable success, and wrote, among other works, his celebrated Orbis Pic- tus, which has passed through a great many editions,, and survived a multitude of imitations. — Smith's History of Education, N. Y., 1842, p. 129. The most eminent educator of the seventeenth cen- tury, however, was John Amos Comenius His- Orbis Sensualium Pictus, published in 1657, enjoyed a still higher renown. The text was much the same with the Janua, being intended as a kind of element- ary encyclopaedia ; but it differed from all previous text- books, in being illustrated with pictures, on copper and wood, of the various topics discussed in it. This book was universally popular. In those portions of Germany where the schools had been broken up by the " Thirty years' war," mothers taught their chil- dren from its pages. Corrected and amended by later editors, it continued for nearly two hundred years, to be a text-book of the German schools. — History and Progress of Education, by Philobib- Lius, N. Y., i860, p. 210. The " Janua " would, therefore, have had but a. short-lived popularity with teachers, and a still shorter with learners, if Comenius had not carried out his- (vi) COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS. vii principle of appealing to the senses, and called in the artist. The result was the " Orbis Pictus," a book which proved a favorite with young and old, and maintained its ground in many a school for more than a century I am sorry I cannot give a speci- men of this celebrated book with its quaint pictures. The artist, of course, was wanting in the technical skill which is now commonly displayed even in the cheapest publications, but this renders his deline- ations none the less entertaining. As a picture of the life and manners of the seventeeth century, the work has great historical interest, which will, I hope, secure for it another English edition. — Quick's Edu- cational Reformers, 1868; Syracuse edition, p. 79. But the principle on which he most insisted is that the teaching of words and things must go to- gether, hand in hand. When we consider how much time is spent over new languages, what waste of energy is lavished on mere preparation, how it takes so long to lay a foundation that there is no time to lay a building upon it, we must conclude that it is in the acceptance and development of this principle that the improvement of education will in the future consist. Any one who attempts to inculcate this great reform will find that its first principles are con- tained in the writings of Comenius. — Encyclopae- dia Britannica, gth edition, vii. 674. The first edition of this celebrated book was pub- lished at Nuremberg in 1657; soon after a transla- tion was made into English by Charles Hoole. The last English edition appeared in 1777, and this was reprinted in America in 18 iz. This was the first il- Vlll THE ORBIS PICTUS. lustrated school-book, and was the first attempt at^ what now passes under the name of "object lessons.' — Short History of Education, W. H. Payne, Syra- cuse, 1881, p. 103. Of these, the " Janua " and the "Orbis" were trans- lated into most European and some of the Oriental languages. It is evident that these practices of Co- menius contain the germs of things afterwards con- nected with the names of Pestalozzi and Stow. It also may be safely assumed that many methods that are now in practical use, were then not unknown to earliest teachers. — Gill's Systems of Education, London, 1876, p. 13. The more we reflect on the method of Comenius, the more we shall see it is replete with suggestive- ness, and we shall feel surprised that so much wis- dom can have Iain in the path of schoolmasters for two hundred, and fifty years, and that they have never stooped to avail themselves of its treasures. — Brown- ing's Introduction to the History of Educational Theories, 1882, New York edition, p. 67. The " Orbis Pictus," the first practical application of the intuitive method, had an extraordinary suc- cess, and has served as a model for the innumerable illustrated books which for three centuries have in- vaded the schools. — Compayre's History of Peda- gogy, Payne's translation, Boston, 1886, p. 127. He remained at Patak four years, which were char- acterized by surprising literary activity. During this short period he produced no less than fifteen different works, among them his "World Illustrated" (Orbis Pictus), the most famous ot all his writings. COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS. IX It admirably applied the principle that words and things should be learned together The " World Illustrated " had an enormous circulation, and re- mained for a long time the most popular text-book in Europe. — Painter's History of Education, N.Y., 1886, p. Z06. Or, si ce livre n'est qu'un equivalentde la veri- table intuition ; si, ensuite, le contenu du tout parait fort defectueux, au point de vue de la science de nos jours; si, enfin, un eflFort exager6 pour 1' integrite de la conception de 1' enfant a cr66, pour les choses modernes, trop de denominations latines qui parais- sent douteuses, 1' Orhis pictus 6tait pourtant, pour son temps, une oeuvre trfis originale et tr^s spirituelle, qui fit faire un grand progres h la pedagogie et ser- vit longtemps de livre d' ecole utile et de modele a d' innomorables livres d' images, souvent pires. — HiSTORIE D' education, FREDERICK DiTTES, Redolfi's French translation, Paris, 1880, p. 178. Here Comenius wrote, among others, his second celebrated work the " Orbis Pictus." He was not, however, able to finish it in Hungary for want of a skilful engraver on copper. For such a one he car- ried it to Michael Endter, the bookseller at Nurem- berg, but the engraving delayed the publication of the book for three years more. In 1657 Comenius expressed the hope that it would appear during the next autumn. With what great approbation the work was received at its first appearance, is shown by the fact that within two years, in 1659, Endter had published a second enlarged edition. — Karl Von X THE ORBIS PICTUS. Raumer, translated in Barnard's Journal of Educa- tion, V. 260. The " Janua" had an enormous sale, and was pub- lished in many languages, but the editions and sale of the "Orbis Pictus" far exceeded those of the " Janua," and, indeed, for some time it was the most popular text-book in Europe, and deservedly so. — Laurie's John Amos Comenius, Boston edition, p. 185. JoH. Amos Comenii Orbis Sensualiutn Pictus: HOC EST Omnium principalium in Mundo Rerum, & in Vita Actionum, PlCTURA & NOMENCLATURA. JoH. Amos Comenius's VISIBLE WORLD: OR, A Nomenclature, and Pictures OF ALL THE Chief Things that are in the World, and of Mens Employments therein; In above 150 Copper Cuts. WRITTEN By the Author in Latin and High Dutch, being one of his last Essays ; and the most suitable to Chil- drens Capacity of any he hath hitherto made. Translated into English By Charles Hoole, M. A. For the Use of Young Latin Scholars. The Eleventh Edition Corrected, and the English made to answer Word for Word to the Latin. Nihil est in intellectu, quodnonpriusfuitin sensu. Arist. London; Printed for, and sold by ^ohn and £enj. Sprint, at the £ell in Little Britain, 1728. Gen. ii. 19, 20. The Lord God brought unto Adam every Beast of the Field, and every Fowl of the Air, to see what he would call them. And Adam gave Names to all Cat- tle, and to the Fowl of the Air, and to every Beast ot the Field. Gen. ii. 19, 20. Adduxit Dominus Deus a^/ Adam cuncta Animantia Ter- ra, &' universa volatilia Coeli, ut videret quomodo vocaret ilia. Appellavitque Adam Nominibus suis cuncta Animan- tia, 6^ universa volatilia Colli, &• omnes Bestias Agri. I. A. Comenii opera Didactica par. i. p. 6, Amst. 1657. fol. Didacticae nostras prora & puppis esto : Investigare, ■& invenire modum, quo Docentes minus doceant, Dis- centes vero plus discant : Scholae minus habeant Stre- pitus, nauseae, vani laboris ; plus autem otii, delicia- rum, solidique profectus : Respublica Christiana minus tenebrarum confusionis dissidiorum ; plus lucis, ordinis, pacis & tranquilitatis. The Author's Preface to the Reader. Xnsiruction is the means to expel Rudeness, with wliicb young wits ought to be well furnished in Schools;- But so, as that the teaching be i. True, 2. Full, 3. Clear, and 4. Solid. 1. It will be true, if nothing be taught but such as- is beneficial to ones life ; lest there be a cause of complaining afterwards. We know not necessary- things, because we have not learned things neces- sary. 2. It will be /ull,'\i the mind be polished for wis- dom, the tongue for eloquence, and the hands for a neat way of living. This will be that grace of one's life, to be wise, to act, to speak. 3. 4. It will be clear, and by that, firm and solid, if whatever is taught and learned, be not obscuFe, or confused, but apparent, distinct, and articulate, as- the fingers on the hands. The ground of this business, is, that sensual ob- jects may be rightly presented to the senses, for fear they may not be received. I say, and say it again aloud, that this last is the foundation of all the rest : because we can neither act nor speak wisely, unless we first rightly understand all the things which are- (xiii) XIV THE ORBIS PICTUS. to be done, and whereof we are to speak. Now there is nothing in the understanding, which was not be- fore in the sense. And therefore to exercise the senses well about the right perceiving the differences of things, will be to lay the grounds for all wisdom, and all wise discourse, and all discreet actions in ones course of life. Which, because it is commonly neglected in schools, and the things which are to be learned are offered to scholars, without being under- stood or being rightly presented to the senses, it cometh to pass, that the work of teaching and learn- ing goeth heavily onward, and afiFordeth little benefit. See here then a new help for schools, A Picture and Nomenclature of all the chief things in the world, and of men's actions in their way of living: Which, that you, good Masters, may not be loath to run over with your scholars, I will tell you, in short, what good you may expect from it. It is a little Book, as you see, of no great bulk, yet a brief of the whole world, and a whole language: full of Pictures, Nomenclatures, and Descriptions of things. I. The Pictures are the representation of all visible things, f'to which also things invisible are reduced after their fashion^ of the whole world. And that in that very order of things, in which they are described in the jfanua Latince Lingua; and with that fulness, that nothing very necessary or of great concernment is omitted. II. The Nomenclatures are the Inscriptions, or Titles set every one over their own Pictures, express- ing the whole thing by its own general term. XV III. The Descriptions are the explications of the parts of the Picture, so expressed by their own proper terms, as that same figure which is added to every piece of the picture, and the term of it, always shew- eth what things belongeth one to another. Which such Book, and in such a dress may (\ hope^ serve, I. To entice witty children to it, that they may not conceit a torment to be in the school, but dainty fare. For it is apparent, that children ('even from their infancy almost^ are delighted with Pictures, and willingly please their eyes with these lights : And it will be very well worth the pains to have once brought it to pass, that scare-crows may be taken away out of Wisdom's Gardens. II. This same little Book will serve to stir up the Attention, which is to be fastened upon things, and even to be sharpened more and more : which is also a great matter. For the Senses ('being the main guides of childhood, because therein the mind doth not as yet raise up itself to an abstracted contempla- tion of things^ evermore seek their own objects, and if they be away, they grow dull, and wry themselves hither and thither out of a weariness of themselves : but when their objects are present, they grow merry, wax lively, and willingly suffer themselves to be fas- tened upon them, till the thing be sufficiently dis- cerned. This Book then will do a good piece of service in taking ('especially flickering/ wits, and preparing them for deeper studies. III. Whence a third good will follow ; that chil- dren being won hereunto, and drawn over with this XVI THE ORBIS PICTUS. way of heeding, may be furnished with the knowl- edge of the prime things that are in the world, by sport and merry pastime. In a word, this Book will serve for the more pleasing using of the Vestibulum and j^anua Linguarum, for which end it was even at the first chiefly intended. Yet if it like any, that it be bound up in their native tongues also, it prom- iseth three good thing of itself. I. First it will afford a device for learning to read more easily than hitherto, especially having a sym- bolical alphabet set before it, to wit, the characters of the several letters, with the image of that creature, whose voice that letter goeth about to imitate, pic- tur'd by it. For the young Abe scholar will easily remember the force of every character by the very looking upon the creature, till the imagination being strengthened by use, can readily afford all things;, and then having looked over a table of the chief sylla- bles also f'which yet was not thought necessary to be added to this book j he may proceed to the viewing of the Pictures, and the inscriptions set over 'em. Where again the very looking upon the thing pic- tured suggesting the name of the thing, will tell him how the title of the picture is to be read. And thus the whole book being gone over by the bare titles of the pictures, reading cannot but be learned;, and indeed too, which thing is to be noted, without using any ordinary tedious spelling, that most trouble- some torture of wits, which may wholly be avoided by this method. For the often reading over the Book, by those larger descriptions of things, and which are set after the Pictures, will be able per- fectly to beget a habit of reading. AUTHOR S PREFACE. XVll II. The same book being used in English, in Eng- lish Schools, will serve for the perfect learning of the whole English tongue, and that from the bottom; be- cause by the aforesaid descriptions of things, the words and phrases of the whole language are found set orderly in their own places. And a short Eng- lish Grammar might be added at the end, clearly resolving the speech already understood into its parts ; shewing the declining of the several words, and reducing those that are joined together under certain rules. III. Thence a new benefit cometh, that that very English Translation may serve for the more ready and pleasant learning of the Latin tongue : as one may see in this Edition, the whole book being so translated, that every where one word answereth to the word over against it, and the book is in all things the same, only in two idioms, as a man clad in a double garment. And there might be also some observations and advertisements added in the end, touching those things only, wherein the use of the Latin tongue dififereth from the English. For where there is no difference, there needeth no adver- tisement to be given. But, because the first tasks of learners ought to be little and single, we have filled this first book of training one up to see a thing of him- self, with nothing but rudiments, that is, with the chief of things and words, or with the grounds of the whole world, and the whole language, and of all our understanding about things. If a more perfect de- scription of things, and a fuller knowledge of a lan- guage, and a clearer light of the understanding be XVIU THE ORBIS PICTUS. sought after f'as they ought to be_^ they are to be found somewhere whither there will now be an easy passage by this our little Encycloptzdia of things sub- ject to the senses. Something remaineth to be said touching the more chearful use of this book. I. Let it be given to children into their hands to delight themselves withal as they please, with the sight of the pictures, and making them as familiar to themselves as may be, and that even at home before they be put to school. II. Then let them be examined ever and anon fes- pecially now in the school^ what this thing or that thing is, and is called, so that they may see nothing which they know not how to name, and that they can name nothing which they cannot shew. III. And let the things named them be shewed,not only in the Picture, but also in themselves ; for ex- ample, the parts of the body, clothes, books, the house, utensils, d^c. IV. Let them be suffered also to imitate the Pic- tures by hand, if they will, nay rather, let them be encouraged, that they may be willing : first, thus to quicken the attention also towards the things ; and to observe the proportion of the parts one towards another ; and lastly to practise the nimbleness of the hand, which is good for many things. V. If anything here mentioned, cannot be pre- sented to the eye, it will be to no purpose at all to offer them by themselves to the scholars; as colours, relishes, d^c, which cannot here be pictured out with ink. For which reason it were to be wished, that things rare and not easy to be met withal at home. XIX might be kept ready in every great school, that they may be shewed also, as often as any words are to be made of them, to the scholars. Thus at last this school would indeed become a school of things obvious to ,the senses, and an en- trance to the school intellectual. But enough : Let us come to the thing it self. The Translator, to all judicious AND industrious School-Masters. Gentlemen. There are a few of you (l think^ but have seen» and with great willingness made use of (or at least perused,^ many of the Books of this otthis well-deserving Author Mr. John Comenius, which for their profitableness to the speedy attainment of a lan- guage, have been translated in several countries, out of Latin into their own native tongue. Now the general verdict ('after trial made^ that hath passed, touching those formerly extant, is this, that they are indeed of singular use, and very advanta- geous to those of more discretion, ('especially to such as already have a smattering of Latin^ to help their memories to retain what they have scatteringly got- ten here and there, to furnish them with many words, which ('perhaps^ they had not formerly read, or so well observed; but to young children ('whom we have chiefly to instruct^ as those that are ignorant altogether of things and words, and prove rather a meer toil and burthen, than a delight and furtherance. For to pack up many words in memory, of things not conceived in the mind, is to fill the head with empty imaginations, and to make the learner more (XX) translator's preface. xxi to admire the multitude and variety ('and thereby, to become discouraged J than to care to treasure them up, in hopes to gain more knowledge of what they mean. He hath therefore in some of his latter works seemed to move retrograde, and striven to come nearer the reach of tender wits : and in this present Book, he hath, according to my judgment, descended to the very bottom of what is to be taught, and pro- ceeded ('as nature it self doth^ in an orderly way ; first to exercise the senses well, by representing their objects to them, and then to fasten upon the intellect by impressing the first notions of things upon it, and linking them on to another by a rational discourse. Whereas indeed, we, gen- €rally missing this way, do teach children as we do parrots, to speak they know not what, nay which is worse, we, taking the way of teaching little ones by Grammar only at the first, do puzzle their imagina- tions with abstractive terms and secondary intentions, which till they be somewhat acquainted with things, and the words belonging to them, in the language which they learn, they cannot apprehend what they mean. And this I guess to be the reason, why many great persons do resolve sometimes not to put a child to school till he be at least eleven or twelve years of age, presuming that he having then taken notice of most things, will sooner get the knowledge of the words which are applyed to them in any lan- guage. But the gross misdemeanor of such children for the most part, have taught many parents to be hasty enough to send their own to school, if not that they may learn, yet ('at least^ that they might be kept out XXll THE ORBIS PICTUS. of harm's way ; and yet if they do not profit for the time they have been at school, f'no respect at all be- ing had for their years^ the Master shall be sure enough to bear the blame. So that a School-master had need to bend his wits to come within the compass of a child's capacity of six or seven years of age ('seeing we have now such commonly brought to our Grammar-schools to learn the Latin Tongue^ and to make that they may learn with as much delight and willingness, as himself would teach with dexterity and ease. And at pres- ent I know no better help to forward his young scholars than this little Book, which was for this purpose contrived by the Author in the German and Latin Tongues. What profitable use may be had thereof, respecting chiefly that his own country and language, he him- self hath told you in his preface ; but what use we may here make of it in our Grammar-schools, as it is now translated into English, I shall partly de- clare ; leaving all other men, according to my wont, to their own discretion and liberty, to use or refuse it, as they please. So soon then as a child can read English perfectly, and is brought to us to school to learn Latin, I would have him together with his Ac- cidence, to be provided of this Book, in which he may at least once a day ('beside his Accidence^ be thus exercised. L Let him look over the pictures with their gen- eral titles and inscriptions, till he be able to turn readily to any one of them, and to tell its name either in English or Latin. By this means he shall TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. XXlll have the method of the Book in his head ; and be easily furnished with the knowledge of most things ; and instructed how to call them, when at any time he meeteth with them elsewhere, in their real forms. II. Let him read the description at large: First in English, and afterward in Latin, till he can readily read, and distinctly pronounce the words in both Languages, ever minding how they are spelled. And withal, let him take notice of the figures inserted, and to what part of the picture they direct by their like till he be well able to find out every particular thing of himself, and to name it on a sudden, either in Eng- lish or Latin. Thus he shall not only gain the most primitive words, but be understandingly grounded in Orthography, which is a thing too generally neg- lected by us; partly because our English schools think that children should learn it at the Latin, and our Latin schools suppose they have already learn'd it at the English; partly, because our common Gram- mar is too much defective in this part, and scholars so little exercised therein, that they pass from schools to the Universities and return from thence ('some of them^ more unable to write true English, than either Latin or Greek. Not to speak of our ordinary Trades- men, many of whom write such false English,that none but themselves can interpret what they scribble in their bills and shop-books. III. Then let him get the Titles and Descriptions by heart, which he will more easily do, by reason of these impressions which the viewing of the pictures hath already made in his memory. And now let him also learn, i. To construe, or give the words one by XXiv THE ORBIS PICTUS. one, as they answer one another in Latin and Eng- lish. 2. To Parse, according to the rules, ('which I presume by this timej he hath learn'd in the first part of his Accidence; where I would have him tell what part of Speech any word is, and then what ac- cidents belong to it; but especially to decline the nouns and conjugate the verbs according to the Ex- amples in his Rudiments; and this doing will enable him to know the end and use of his Accidence. As for the Rules of Genders of Nouns, and the Praeter- perfect-tenses and Supines of Verbs, and those of Concordance and Construction in the latter part of the Accidence, I would not have a child much troubled with them, till by the help of this Book he can perfectly practise so much of Etymology, as con- cerns the first part of his Accidence only. For that, and this book together, being thoroughly learn'd by at least thrice going them over, will much prepare children to go chearfully forward in their Grammar and School-Authors, especially, if whilst they are employed herein, they be taught also to write a fair and legible hand. There is one thing to be given notice of, which I wish could have been remedied in this Translation; that the Book being writ in high-Dutch doth express many things in reference to that Country and Speech, which cannot without alteration of some Pictures as well as words be expressed in ours : for the Symbol- ical Alphabet is fitted for German children rather than for ours. And whereas the words of that Lan- guage go orderly one for one with the Latin, our English propriety of Speech will not admit the like. Therefore it will behove those Masters that intend TRANSLATORS PREFACE. XXV to make use of this Book, to construe it verbatim to their young Scholars, who will quickly learn to do it of themselves, after they be once acquainted with the first words of Nouns, and Verbs, and their man- ner of variation. Such a work as this, I observe to have been form- erly much desired by some experienced Teachers, and I my self had some years since f'whilst my own Child lived^ begun the like, having found it most agreeable to the best witted Children, who are most taken up with Pictures from their Infancy, because by them the knowledge of things which they seem to represent ('and whereof Children are as yet ignor- ant^ are most easily conveyed to the Understanding. But for as much as the work is now done, though in some things not so completely as it were to be wished, I rejoyce in the use of it, and desist in my own under- takings for the present. And because any good thing is the better, being the more communicated ; I have herein imitated a Child who is forward to impart to others what himself has well liked. You then that have the care of little Children, do not much trouble their thoughts and clog their memories with bare Grammar Rudiments, which to them are harsh in getting, and fluid in retaining ; because indeed to them they signifie nothing, but a mere swimming notion of a general term, which they know not what it meaneth, till they comprehend particulars,* but by this or the like subsidiary, inform them, first with some knowledge of things and words wherewith to ■express them, and then their Rules of speaking will be better understood and more firmly kept in mind. Else how should a Child conceive what a Rule mean- XXVI THE ORBIS PICTUS. eth, when he neither knoweth what the Latin word im- porteth, nor what manner of thing it is which is sig- nified to him in his own native Language, which is given him thereby to understand the Rule? For Rules consisting of generalities, are delivered (as I may say^ at a third hand, presuming first the things, and then the words to be already apprehended touch- ing which they are made. I might indeed enlarge upon this Subject, it being the very Basis of our Pro- fession, to search into the way of Childrens taking hold by little and little of what we teach them, that so we may apply ourselves to their reach : But I leave the observation thereof to your own daily exer- cise, and experience got thereby. And I pray God, the fountain and giver of all wis- dom, that hath bestowed upon us this gift of Teach- ing, so to inspire and direct us by his Grace, that we may train up Children in his Fear and in the knowledge of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord ; and then no doubt our teaching and their learning of other things subordinate to these, will by the assistance of his blessed Spirit make them able and willing to do him faithful Service both in Church and Common- wealth, as long as they live here, that so they may be eternally blessed with him hereafter. This, I beseech you, beg for me and mine, as I shall daily do for you and yours, at the throne of God's heavenly grace ; and remain while I live Ready to serve you, as I truly love and honour you, and labour willingly in the same Profession with you, CHARLES HOOLE. From my School, in Lothbury, London, jFan. 25, 1658. TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. XXVll N. B. Those Heads or Descriptions which concern things beyond the present apprehension of Children's wits, as, those of Geography, Astronomy, or the like, I would have omi.tted, till the rest be learned, and a Child be better able to understand them. The Judgment of Mr. Hezekiah Woodward, some- times a« eminent Schoolmaster in 'L.O'^YiO'^, touching a work of this Nature j in his Gate to Science, chap. 2. /^ertainly the use of Images or Representations is great : If we could make our words as legible to Children as Pictures are, their information therefrom would be quickned and surer. But so we cannot do, though we must do what we can. And if we had Books, wherein are the Pictures of all Creatures, Herbs, Beasts, Fish, Fowls, they would stand us in great stead. For Pictures ai-e the most intelligible Books that Children can look upon. They come closest to Nature, nay, saith Scaliger, Art exceeds her. An Advertisement Concerning this Edition. As there are some considerable Alterations in the present Edition of this Book from the former, it may be expected an Account should be given of the Reasons for them. 'Tis certain from the Author's Words, that when it was first published, which was in Latin and Hungary, or in Latin and High-Dutch; every where one word answer'd to an- other over-against it : This might have been observ'd in our English Translation, which wou'd have fully answer'd the design of COMENIUS, and have made the Book much more useful: But Mr. Hoole, (whether out of too much scrupulousness to disturb the Words in some places from the order they were in, or not sufficiently considering the Inconveniences of having the Latin and English so far asunder) has made them so much disagree, that a Boy has sometimes to seek 7 or 8 lines off for the corresponding Word; which is no small trouble to Young Learners who are at first equally unacquainted with all Words, in a Lan- guage they are strangers to, except it be such as have Figures of Reference, or are very like in sound ; and thus may perhaps, innocently enough join an Adverb in one Tongue, to a Noun in the other ; whence may (xxviii) AN ADVERTISEMENT, &C. XXIX. appear the Necessity of the Translation's being ex- actly literal, and the two Languages fairly answering one another. Line for Line. If it be objected, such a thing cou'd not be done- (considering the difference of the Idioms) without transplacing Words here and there, and putting them into an order which may not perhaps be exactly classical; it ought to be observed, this is design'd for Boys chiefly, or those who are just entering upon the Latin Tongue, to whom every thing ought to be made as plain and familiar as possible, who are not, at their first beginning, to be taught the elegant placing of Latin, nor from such short Sentences as- these, but from Discourses where the Periods have a fuller Close. Besides, this way has already taken (according to the Advice of very good Judges,) in some other School-Books of Mr. Hoole's translating,, and found to succeed abundantly well. Such Condescensions as these, to the capacities of young Learners are certainly very reasonable, and wou'd be most agreeable to the Intentions of the Ingenious and worthy Author, and his design to suit whatever he taught, to their manner of apprehending- it. Whose Excellency in the art of Education made him so famous all over Europe, as to be solicited by several States and Princes to go and reform the Method of their Schools ; and whose works carried that Esteem, that in his own Life-time some part of them were not only translated into 12 of the usual Languages of Europe, but also into the Arabic, Turk- ish, Persian, and Mogolic (the common Tongue of all that part of the Eatt-Indies) and since his death, intO' XXX THE ORBIS PICTUS. the Hebrew, and some others. Nor did they want their due Encouragement here in England^ some Years ago; 'till by an indiscreet use of them, and want of a thorow acquaintance with his Method, or unwilling- ness to part from their old road, they began to be almost quite left off: Yet it were heartily to be wish'd, some Persons of Judgment and Interest, whose Example might have an influence upon others, and bring them into Reputation again, wou'd revive the COMENIAN METHOD, which is no other, than to make our Scholars learn with Delight and chear- fulness, and to convey a solid and useful Knowledge of Things, with that of Languages, in an easy, natural and familiar way. Didactic Works (as they are now collected into one volume) for a speedy attaining the Knowledge of Things and Words, join'd with the Discourses of Mr. Lock* and 2 or 3 more out of our own Nation, for forming the Mind and settling good Habits, may doubtless be look'd upon to contain the most reasonable, orderly, and completed System of the Art of Education, that can be met with. Yet, alas ! how few are there, who follow the way they have pointed out ? tho' every one who seriously considers it, must be convinc'd of the Advantage ; and the generality of Schools go on in the same old dull road, wherein a great part of Children's time is lost in a tiresome heaping up a Pack of dry and un- profitable, or pernicious Notions (for surely little *Mr. Lock's Essay upon Education. Dr. Tabor's Christain Schoolmaster. Dr. Ob. Walker of Education. Mr. Monro's Essay on Education. — His just Measures of the pious Institutions of Youth, &c AN ADVERTISEMENT, &C. XXXI better can be said of a great part of that Heathenish stuff they are tormented with ; like the feeding them with hard Nuts, which when they have almost broke their teeth with cracking, they find either deaf or to contain but very rotten and unwholesome Kernels) whilst Things really perfected of the understanding, and useful in every state of Life, are left unregarded, to the Reproach of our Nation, where all other Arts are improved and flourish well, only this of Educa- tion of Youth is at a stand ; as if that, the good or ill management of which is of the utmost consequence to all, were a thing not worth any Endeavors to im- prove it, or was already so perfect and well executed that it needed none, when many of the greatest Wisdom and Judgment in several Nations, have with a just indignation endeavor'd to expose it, and to establish a more easy and useful way in its room. 'Tis not easy to say little on so important a subject, but thus much may sufl&ce for the present purpose. The Book has merit enough to recommend it self to those who know how to make a right use of it. It was reckon'd one of the Author's best performances ; and besides the many Impressions and Translations it has had in parts beyond Sea, has been several times re- printed here. It was endeavor'd no needless Altera- tions shou'd be admitted in this Edition, and as little of any as cou'd consist with the design of making it plain and useful ; to shun the oflFence it might give to some ; and only the Roman and Italic Character alternately made use of, where transplacing of Words cou'd be avoided. London, J. H. July 13, 1727. (I) Orbis Sensualium Pictus, A World of Things Obvious to the Senses drawn in Pictures. Invitation. Invitatio. The Master and the Boy. M. r^ome, Boy, learn to . be wise. P. What doth this mean, to be wise ? M. To understand right- Magister 6^ Puer. M. "yeni, Puer, disce sa- pere. P. Quid \iQC &^t,Saperei M. Intelligere recte, ro to do rightly, and to speak out rightly all that are necessary. P. Who will teach me this? M. I, by God's help. P. How ? M. I will guide thee thorow all. I will shew thee all. I will name thee all. P. See, here I am ; lead me in the name of God. M. Before all things, thou oughtest to learn the plain sounds, of which man's speech consisteth; which living creatures know how to make, and thy Tongue knoweth how to imitate, and thy hand can picture out. Afterwards we will go into the World, and we will view all things. Here thou hast a lively and Vocal Alphabet. agere recte, at eloqui recte omnia necessaria. P. Quis docebit me hoc? M. Ego, cum DEO. P. Quomodo ? M. Ducam te per omnia. Ostendam tibi omnia. Nominabo tibi omnia. P. En, adsum ; due me in nomine DEI. M. Ante omnia, debes discere simplices Sonos ex quibus Sermo humanus constat ; quos Animalia sciuat /ormare, & tua Lin- gua scit imitari, & tua Manus potest pingere. Postea ibimus Mundum, & spectabimus omnia. Hie habes vivum et vo- cale Alphabetum . (3) Cornix cornicatur, The Crow crieth. a 4 A a Agnus balat, b 6 6 6 B b The Lamb blaiteth. Cicada stridet, ci ci C c The Grasshopper chirpeth. Upupa dicit, du du D d The Whooppoo s^xXh.. Infans ejulat, k.hh E e The Infant crieth. Ventus flat, fi fi F f The Wind bloweth. j4«j^/- gingrit, gaga Gg The Goose gagleth. Os halat, hd'h h^'h H h The Mouth breatheth out. Mus mintrit, i i i I i The Mouse chirpeth. Anas tetrinnit, kha, kha K k The Duck quaketh. Lupus ululat, lu ulu The ^<7// howleth. [mum Ursus murmurat, mum- M m The Bear grumbleth. (^) Felt's clamat, nau nau The Cat crieth. Auriga clamat, odd The Carter crieth. Pullus pipit, pi pi The Chicken peepeth. Cuculus cuculat, kuk ku The cuckow singeth. Canis ringitur, The dog grinneth. Serpens sibilat, The Serpent hisseth. err SI Graculus clamat, tac tac The yay crieth. Bubo ululat. The Oa/Zhooteth. u u Lepus vagit, va The Hare squeaketh. Rana coaxat, coax The Frog croaketh. y y y Asinus rudit, The Asse brayeth. Tabanus dicit, ds ds The Breeze or Horte-flie saith. N tt Oo Pp Qq R r S s T t Uu W w X X Yy Zz •God (5) II. Deus. ^^^ God is of himself from everlasting to everlasting. A most perfect and a most blessed Being. In his Essence Spiritual, -and One. In his Personality,Th.reG. In his Will, Holy, Just, Merciful and True, In his Power very great. In his Goodness, very good. In his Wisdom, unmeas- urable. A Light inaccessible ; and yet all in all. Every where, and no •where. Deus est ex seipso, ab aeterno in aeternum. Perfectissimum &beatis- simum Ens. Essentid Spiritualis & unus. Sypostasi Trinus. Voluntate, Sanctus, Just- us, Clemens, Verax. Potentid maximus. Bonitate Optimus. Sapientid, immensus. Lux inaccessa; & tamen omnia in omni- bus. Ubique & nullibi. The chiefest Good, and the only and inexhausted Fountain of all good things. As the Creator, so the Governour and Preserver of all things, which we call the World. Summum Bonum, et so- lus et inexhaustus Fons omnium Bonorum. Ut Creator, ita Guberna- tor et Conservator omnium rerum,quas vocamus Mun- dum. The World. III. Mundus. The Heaven, \ . hath Fire, and Stars. The Clouds, 2. hang in the Air. Birds, 3. fly under the Clouds. Fishes, 4. swim in the Water. The Earth hath Hills, 5. Woods, 6. Fields, 7. Beasts, 8. and Men, 9. Cxlum, I. habet Ignem &> Stellas. Nubes, 2. pendent in Aere. Aves, 3. volant sub nubibus. Pisces, 4. natant in Aqua. Terra habet Monies, 5. Sylvas, 6. Campos, 7. Animalia, 8. Homines, 9. (7 ) Thus the greatest Bodies of the World, the four Ele- ments, are full of their own Inhabitants. Ita maxima Corpora Mundi, quatuor Elementa, sunt plena Habitatoribus suis. The Heaven Ccelum. The Heaven, i. is wheeled about, and encompasseth the Earth,2. standing in the middle. The Sun, 3. wheresoever it is, shineth perpetually, howsoever dark Clouds, 4. may take it from us ; and causeth by his Eays, 5. Light, and the Light, Day, On the other side, over against it, is Darkness, 6. and thence Night. Ccelum, I. rotatur, & ambit Terr am, z. stantem in medio. Sol, 3. ubi ubi est, fulget perpetuo, ut ut densa Nubila, 4. eripiant eum a nobis ; facitque suis Radiis, 5. Lucem, Lux Diem. Ex opposito, sunt Tene- hrm, 6. inde JVox. (SJ In the Night shineth the Moon, 7. and the Stars, 8. glister and twinkle. In the Evening, 9. is Twilight: In the Morning, 10. the breaking, and dawning of the Day. Nocte splendet Luna, 7. & Stellce, 8. micant, scintillant. Vesperi, 9. est Crepusculum: ManS Aurora, 10. & Diluculum. Fire. V. Ignis. The -/^zWgloweth, burn- eth and consumeth to ashes. A spark of it struck out of a Flint (or Firestone), 2. by means of a Steel, 1 . and taken by Tynder in a Tender-box, 3. lighteth a Match, 4. and after that a Candle, 5. Ignis ardet, urit, cremat. Scintilla ejus elisa e Silice, (Pyrite) 2. Ope Chalybis, 1. et excepta a Fomite in Suscitabulo, 3. accendit Sulphuratum, 4. et inde Candelam, 5. (9) or stick, 6. and causeth a. flame, 7. -or blaze, 8. which catcheth hold of the Houses. Smoak, 9. ascendeth therefrom, which, -sticking to the ■Chimney, 10. turneth into Soot. Of a Fire-brand, ■(or burning stick) is made a Brand, 1 1 . (or quenched stick). Of a hot Coal (red hot piece of a Fire-brand) is made a Coal, 12. (or a dead Cinder). That which remaineth, is at last Ashes, 13. and Embers (or hot Ashes). vel Lignum, 6. et excitat Flammam, 7. vel Incendium, 8. quod corripit .(E dificia. Fumus, 9. ascendit inde, qui, adhaerans Camino, 10. abit in Fuliginem. Ex Torre, (ligno ardente,) fit 27/w, II. (lignum extinctum.) Ex Pruna, (candente particuli Torris,) fit Carbo, 12. (Particula mortua.) Quod remanet, tandem est Cinis, 13. & Favilla (ardens Cinis.) The Air. (10 J VI. Aec.. A cool Air, i. breatheth gently. The IVind, 2. bloweth strongly. A Storm, 3. throweth down Trees. A Whirl-wind, 4. turneth it self in a round compass. A Wind under Ground,^. causeth an Earthquake. An Earthquake causeth gapings of the Earth, (and falls of Houses.) 6. Aura, 1. spirat leniter. Ventus, 2. flat valide. I'rocella, 3. sternit Arbores. Turbo, 4. agit se in gyrum. Ventus subterraneus, 5. excitat Terrce motum. Terrae motus facit Labes (& ruinas.) 6. The Water. VII. Aqua. The Water springeth out of a Fountain, i . floweth downwards in a Brook, 2. runneth in a Beck, 3. standeth in a Bond, 4. glideth in a Stream, 5. is whirled about in a Whirl-pit, 6. and causeth ^«»f, 7. The River hath Banks, 8. The .SVa maketh Skores,g. Bays, 10. Capes, 11. Islands, 12. Almost Islands, 13. Necks of Land, 14. Straights, 15. and hath in it Bocks, 16. ^^«a scatet 6 Fonte, I. defluit in Tor rente, 2. manat in Jin;^, 3. Stat in Stagno, 4. fluit in Flumine, 5. gyratur in Vortice, 6. & facit Baludes, 7. Flumen habet Bipas. Mare facit Littora, 9. ^inu^, 10. Bromontoria, 11. Insulas, 12. Beninsulas, 13. Isthmos, 14. Freta, 15. & habet Scopulos, 16, The Clouds. VIII. Nubes. A Vapour, i. ascendeth from the Water. From it a Cloud, 2. is made, and a white Mist, 3. near the Earth. Rain, 4. and a small Shower distil- leth out of a Chud, drop by drop. Which being frozen, is Hail, 5. half frozen is Snow, 6. being warm is Mel-dew. In a rainy Cloud, set over against the Sun the Rainbow, 7. appeareth. A drop falling into the water maketh a Bubble, 8. many Bubbles make froth, 9. Frozen Water is called Ice, 10. Dew congealed, Vapor, I. ascendit ex Aqud. Inde Nubes, 2. fit, et Nebula, 3. prope terram. Pluvia, 4. et Imber, stillat e Nube, guttatim. Quae gelata, Grando, 5. semigelata, Nix, 6. calefacta, Rubigo est. In nube pluviosA, oppo- siti soli Iris, 7. apparet. Gutta\nc\Ae.-as in aquam, facit Bullam, 8. multae Bullce faciunt spumam, 9. Aqua congelata Glades, 10. Ros congelatus, ri3 ) is called a wAiie Frost. Thunder is made of a brimstone-like vapour, which breaking out of a Cloud, with Lightning, ii. thundereth and striketh with lightning. dicitur Pruina. Tonitru fit ex Vapore sulphureo, quod erumpens k, Nube cum Fulgure, ii. tonat & fulminat. The Earth. IX. Terra. In the Earth are high Mountains, i. Deep Vallies, 2, Hills rising, 3. Hollow Caves, 4. Plain Fields, 5. Shady Woods, 6. In Terra sunt Alti Mantes, 1. Profundae miles, 2. Elevati Colles, 3. cavae Speluncae, 4. Plani campi, 5. Opacae Sylvae, 6. The Fruits of the Earth. X. Terrae Foetus. ,;-.y^*s. A meadow, i. yieldeth grass with Flowers and Herbs, which being cut down, are made Jlay, 2. K Field, 3. yieldeth Corn, and Pot-herbs, 4. Mushrooms, 5. Straus -berries, 6. Myrtle-trees, &c. come up in Woods. Metals, Stones, and Min- erals grow under the earth. Pratum, i. fert Gr amino, cum Floribus & Herbis quae defecta fiunt Fcenum, 2. Arvum, 3. fert Fruges, & Olera, 4. ^«n^», 5. Frag a, 6. Myrtilli, &c. Provenivnt in Sylvis. Metalla, Lapides, Mineralia, nascuntur sub terra. Metals. XI. Metalla. ^flllli il wvV^^^fl //A k HHjH^SHHIl 1 /Kx ^^J^^v ^^^m^M 5^^ ^ P 9 Lead, i. is soft, and heavy. Iron, 2. is hard, and Steel, 3. harder. They make Tankards (or Cans), 4. of Tin. Kettles, 5. of Copper, Candlesticks, 6. oi Latin, Dollers, 7. oi Silver, Ducats and Crown-pieces, 8. Quick-silver is always li- quid, and eateth thorow Metals oi Gold. Plumbum, i. est molle & grave. Ferrum, 2. est durum, & Calybs, 3. durior. Faciunt Cantharot,^, e Sta/nno. Ahena, 5, e Cupro, Candelabra,^, ex OricJialco, Thaleros, 7. ex Argento, Scutatos et Coronatot, 8. Ex, ^Mr^. Argentum Vivwm, semper liquet, & corrodit Metalla. Lapides. Sand, u and Gravel, 2. is Sione broken into bits. A great Stone, 3. is a piece of a Rock (or Crag-) 4. A Whetstone, 5. a Flint, 6. a Marble, 7. &c. are ordinary Stones. A Loadstone, 8. draweth Iron to it. y^ewels, 9. are clear Stones, as The Diamond white, The Ruby red, The Sapphire blue, The Emerald green. The yacinth yellow, &c. And they glister being cut into corners. PearhzxiA Unions, lo. grow in Shell-fish. Arena, i. & Sabulum, 2. est Lapis comminutus. Saxum, 3. est pars Petra (Cautis) 4. Cos, 5. Silex, 6. Ma/rmor, 7. &c. sunt obscuri Lapides. Magnes, 8. adtrahit ferrum. GemmcE, 9. sunt pellucidi Lapilli, ut Adamas candidus, Rubinus rubeus, Sapphirus cseruleus, Smaragdus viridis, ffyacynthus luteus, &c. et micant angulati. Margaritce & Uniones, 1 o> crescunt in Conchis. C ^7) Corals, II. in a Sea-shrub. Amber, 12. is gathered from the Sea. Glass, 13. is like Chrystal. Corallia, 11. in Marini arbusculd. Succinum, 1 2. colligitur e mari. Vitruni, 13. simile est Chrystallo. Tree. XIII. Arbor. A Plant, 1. groweth from a Seed. A plant waxeth to a Shoot, 2. A Shoot to a Tree, 3. The .^47^7^, 4. beareth up the Tree. The Body or Stem, 5. riseth from the Root. The Stem dividethit self into Boughs, 6. and green Branches, 7. made of Leaves, 8. D Planta, i. procrescit e Semine. Planta abit in Fruticem, 2. Frutex in Arbor em, 3. Radix, 4. Sustentat arborem. Stirps {Stemmd) 5. Surgit e radice. 5//V/J se dividit in Ramos, 6. & Frondes, 7. factas e Foliis, 8. r is; The top, 9. is in the height. The Stock, 10. is close to the roots. A Log, 1 1 . is the body fell'd down without Boughs ; having £ark and Hind, 12. Pith and Heart, \ 3. Bird-lime, 14. groweth upon the boughs, which also sweat Gumm, Rosin, Pitch, &c. Cacumen, 9. est in summo. Truncus, 10. adhaerat radicibus. Caudex, 11. est Stipes dejectus, sine ramis; habens Cor- ticem & Librum, 12. pulpam & medullam, 13. ■ Viscum, 14. adnascitur ramis, qui etiam sudant, Gummi, Resinam, Picem, &c. Fruits of Trees. XIV. Fructus Arborum. Fruits that have no shells are pull'd from fruit-bearing trees. The Apple, i. is round. Poma decerpuntur, a fructiferis arboribus. Malum, I. est rotundum. (^9 ) The Pear, 2. and Fig, 3. are something long. The Cherry, 4. hangeth by a long start. The Plumb, 5. and Peach, 6. by a shorter. The Mulberry, 7. by a very short one. The Wall-nut, 8. the Hazel-nut, 9. and Chest-nut, 10. are wrapped in a ^«j^ and a .S/^if//. Barren trees are 11. The Firr, the ^/^^r, The Birch, the Cypress, The Beech, the ^^ A, The Sallow,thG Linden-tree, &.C., but most of them af- fording shade. But the yuniper, 1 z. and Bay-tree, 13. yield Berries. The /"z'w^, \i^. Pine-apples. The C?a>J, 15. Acorns and Galls. Pyrum, 2. & Ficus, 3. sunt oblonga. Cerasum, 4. pendet longo Pediolo. Prununt, 5. & Persicum, 6. breviori. Morum, 7. brevissimo. iVajc Juglans, 8. Avellana, 9. & Castanea, 10. involuta sunt Cortici & Putamini. Steriles arbores sunt 11. Abies, Alnus, Betula, Cupressus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Salix, Tilia, &c. sed plerseque umbriferae. At yuniperus, 12. & Laurus, 13. ferunt Baccas. Pinus, 14. Strobiles . Quercus, 15. Glandes & Gallas. Flowers. Flores- Amongst the Flowers the most noted, In the beginning of the Spring are the Violet, I. the Crow-toes, 2. the Daffodil, 3. Then the Lillies, 4. white and yellow and blew, 5. and the Rose, 6. and the Clove- gilliflowers, 7. &c. Of these Garlands, 8. and Nosegays, 9. are tyed round with twigs. There are added also sweet herbs, 10. as Marjoram, Flower gentle. Rue, Lavender, Rosemary. Inter flores notissimi. Prime vere, Viola, 1. Hy(uinthus,2^ Narcissus, 3. Turn Lilia, 4. alba & lutea, & ccerulea, 5. tandem Rosa, 6. & Caryophillum, 7. &c. Ex his Serta, 8. & Service, 9. vientur. Adduntur etiam HerbcR odoratce, 10. ut Amaracus, Amaranthus, Ruta, Lavendula, Rosmarinus, (Libanotis)^ ( 21 J Hysop, Spike, Basil, Sage, -Mints, &c. Amongst Field-flowers, 1 1, the most noted are the May-lillie, ■Germander, the Blew-Bottle, ■Chamomel, &c. And amongst Herbs, Trefoil. Wormwood, Sorrel, the Nettle, &c. The Tulip, 12. is the grace of flowers, "but affording no smell. Hypossus, Nard, Ocymum, Salvia, Menta, &c. Inter Campestres Flores, 11. notissimi sunt Lilium Convallium, ChamcBdrys, Cyanus, Chameemelum, &c. Et Herbse, Cytisus (Trifolium) Absinthium, Acetosa, Urtica, &c. Tulipa, 12. est decus Florum, sed expers odoris. Potherbs. XVI. Olera. Pot-herbs •grow in Gardens, as Lettice, i. •Colewort, 2. •Onions, 3. Olera nascuntur in hortis, ut Lactuca, i. Brassica, 2. Cepa, 3. (22) Gar lick, 4. Gourd, 5. The Parsnep, 6. The Turnep, 7. The Radish, 8. Horse-radish, 9. Par sly, 10. Cucumbers, 1 1 . and Pompions, 12. Allium, 4. Cucurbita, 5. 6wtf/-, 6. Rapa, 7. Raphanus minor, 8. Raphanus major, 9. Petroselinum, 10. Cucumeres, 1 1 . Pepones, iz. Corn. XVII. Fruges. Some C(?r« grows upon a straw, parted by ^«(7/.f, as Wheat, i. i?«>, 2, Barley, 3. in which the .fiar hath awnes, or else it is without awnes, and it nourisheth the Cisirw in the Husk. Some instead of an ear, have a rizom (or plume) containing the corn by bunches,as Oats, 4. Millet,^. Turkey-wheat, 6. Frumenta quaedam cre- scunt super culmum, distinctum geniculis, ut, Triticum, i. Siligo, 2. Hordeum, 3. in quibus 6/>«Va habet Aristas, aut est mutica, fo- vetque grana in gluma. Quaedam pro Spica, habent Paniculam, conti- nentem grana fasciatim, ut, Avena, 4. Milium, 5. Frumenium Saracenicum, 6» Pulse have Cods, which enclose the corns in two Shales, as Pease, 7. Beans, 8. Vetches, 9. and those that are less than these Lentils and Urles (or Tares). Legumina habent Siliquas, quae includunt grana valvulis, ut, Pisum, 7. Fabce, 8. Vicia, 9. & minores his Lentes & Cicera. Shrubs. XVIII. Frutices. A plant being greater, and harder than an herb, is called a Shrub : such as are In Banks and Ponds, the Push, I. the Pulrush, 2. or Cane without knots bearing Cats-tails, and the Reed, 3. which is knotty and hol- low within. Elsewhere, 4. Planta major & durior herba, dicitur Frutex : ut sunt In ripis & stagnis, Juncus, I. Scirpus, 2. [Canna] enodis ferens Typhos, & Arundo, 3. nodosa et cava intus. Alibi, 4. (^4) the Hose, the Bastard-Corintks, the Elder, the Juniper . Also the Vine, 5. which putteth forth branches, 6. and these tendrels, 7. Vine-leaves, 8. and Bunches of grapes, 9. on the stock whereof hang Grapes, which contain Grape-stones. Rosa, Ribes, Sambucus, Juniperus, Item Vilis, 5. quae emittit Palmites, 6. et hi Capreolos, 7. Pampinos, 8. et Racemes, 9. quorum Scapo pendent i/z'^, continentes Acinos. XIX. Living-Creatures: and First, Birds. Animalia: & primum, Aves. A living Creature liveth, perceiveth, moveth it self; is born, dieth, is nourished, and groweth : standeth, or sitteth, or lieth, or goeth. Animal vivit, sentit, movet se; nascitur, moritur, nutritur, & crescit ; stat, aut sedet, aut cubat, aut graditur. (^5) A Bird, {Fisher, i. here the King's making her nest in the Sea.) is covered with Feathers,2. flyeth with Wings, 3. hath two Pinions, 4. as many Feet, 5. a Tail, 6. and a -5?7/, 7. The ^A-r^, 8. /oy^/// Eggs, 10. in a nest, 9. and silting upon them, hatcheth young ones, 1 1 . An Egg is cover'd with a Shell, 12. under which is the White, 13. in this the Yolk, 14. .4ww, (hie Halcyon, 1 . in mari nidulans.) tegitur Plumis, 2 . volat Pennis, 3. habet duas Alas, 4. totidem Pedes, 5. Caudam, 6. & Rostrum, 7. Fmmella, 8. ponitO\3i, 10. in nido, 9. et incubans iis, excludit Pullos, 1 1 . Ovum tegitur /«/a, 12. sub qua est Albumen, 1 3 . in hoc Vitellus, 14. Tamp Fowl'?. XX. Aves Domesticae. The Cock, 1. (which I Callus, i. ■croweth in the Morning.)| (qui cantat mane.) ( ^(>) hath a Comb, 2. and Spurs, 3. being gelded, he is called a Capon, and is crammed in a Coop, 4. A ^^«, 5. scrapeth the Dunghil, and picketh up Corns: as also the Pigeons, 6. (which are brought up in a Pigeon-house, 7.) and the Turkey-cock, 8. with his Turkey-hen, 9. The gay Peacock, 10. prideth in his Feathers. The Stork, 1 1 . buildeth her nest on the top of the House, The Swallow, 12. the Sparrow, 13. the Mag-pie, 14. the jackdaw, 15. and the Bat, 16. (or Flettermouse) use to flie about Houses. habet Cristam, 2. & Calcaria, 3. castratus dicitur Capo & saginatur in Ornithotrophico, 4. Gallina, 5. ruspatu r _;?/«i?/«w, & colligit grana : sicut & Columba, 6, (quae educantur in Colum- bario, 7.) & Gallopavus, 8. cum sua Meleagride, 9. Formosus Pavo, 10. superbit pennis. Ciconia, 1 1 . nidificat in tecto. Hirundo, 12. Passer, 13. /"zVa, 14. Monedula, 15. & Vespertilio, 16. (Mus alatus) volitant circa Domus. Singing-Birds Oscines. The Nightingal, i. sing- eth the sweetlyest of all. The Lark, 2. singeth as she flyeth in the Air. The Quail, 3. sitting on the ground; others on the boughs of trees, 4. as the Canary-bird, the Chaffinch, the Goldfinch, the Siskin, the Linnet, the little Titmouse, the Wood-wall, the Robin-red-breast, the Hedge-sparrow, &c. The party colour'd Par- ret, 5. the Black-bird, 6. the Stare, 7. with the Mag-pie and the yay, learn Luscinia {Philomela), i. cantatsuavissime omnium. Alauda, 2. cantillat volitans in acre; Coturnix, •5. sedens humi; Caeterse, in ramis arbor- urn, 4. ut Luteola peregrina. Fringilla, Carduelis, Acanthis, Linaria, parvus Parus, Galgulus, Rubecula, Curruca, &c. Discolor Psitiacus, 5. Merula, 6. Sturnus, 7. cum Pica, & Monedula, discunt C2SJ to frame men's words. A great many are wont to be shut in Cages, 8. humanas voces formare Pleraeque solent includi Caveis, 8. XXII. Birds that haunt the Fields and Woods. Aves Campestres & Sylvestres. The Ostrich, i . is the greatest Bird. The Wren, 2. is the least. The Owl, 3. is the most despicable. The Whoopoo, 4. is the most nasty, for it eateth dung. The Bird of Paradise, 5. is very rare. The Pheasant, 6. the Bustard, 7. Struthio, I. ales est maximus. Regulus, 2. (Trochilus) minimus. Noctua, 3. despicatissimus. Upupa, 4. sordidssimus, vesciturenim stercoribus. Manucodiata, 5. rarissimus. Phasianus, 6. Tarda (Otis), 7. (^9 J the deaf wild Peacock, 8. the Moor-hen, 9. the Partrige, 10. the Woodcock, w. and the Thrush, 12. are counted Dainties. Among the rest, the best are, the watchful Crane, 13. the mournful Turtle, 14. the Cuckow, 15. the Stock-dove, the Speight, the J^ay, the Crow, &c., 16. surdus, Tetrao, 8. Attagen, 9. Perdix, 10. Gallinago (Rusticola), 11. & T Urdus, 12, habentur in deliciis. Inter reliquas, potissimae sunt, G^r«5, 13. pervigil. Turtur, 14. gemens. Cuculus, 15. Palumbes, Picus, Garrulus, Comix, &c., 16. Ravenous Birds. XXIII. Aves Rapaces. The Eagle, 1 . the King of Birds looketh upon the Sun, The Vulture, 2. and the Raven, 3. Aquila, i. Rex Avium, intuetur Solem. Vultur, 2. & Corvus, 3. (3° J feed upon Carrion. The Kite, 4. pursueth Chickens. The Falcon,'-,. the Hobbie, 6. and the Hawk, 7. catch at little Birds. The Gerfalcon, 8. catch- eth Pigeons and greater Birds. pascuntur morticinis, [cadaveribus.] Milvus, 4. insectatur pullos gallinaceos. Falco, 5, Nisui, 6. & Accipiter, 7. captant aviculas. Astur, 8. capiat columbas & aves majores. Water-Fowl. XXIV. Aves Aquaticae. The white Swan, i. the Goose, 2. and the Duck, 3. swim up and down. The Cormorant, 4, diveth. And to these the water- hen,and the Pelican, &c., 10. Oler, i.candidus, Anser, z. & Anas, 3. natant. Mergus, 4. se mergit. Adde his Fulicam, Pelecanum, &c., 10. ( z^) The Osprey, 5. and the Sea-mew, 6. ^ying downwards use to catch Fish, but the Heron, 7. standing on the Banks. The Bittern, 8, putteth his Bill in the water, and belloweth like an Ox. The Water-wagtail, 9. waggeth the tail. ' Halixetus, 5. & Gavia, 6. devolantes, captant pisces, sed Ardea, 7. stans in ripis. Butio, 8. inferit rostrum aquae, & mugit ut bos. Motacilla, 9. motat caudam. Flying Vermin. XXV. Insecta volantia. The Bee, 1 . maketh honey which the Drone,2.. devour- eth. The Wasp, 3. and the Hornet, 4. molest with a sting; and the Gad-Bee (or Breese), 5. especially Cattel; Apis, 1. facit mel quod Fucus, 2. depascit Vespa, 3. & Crabro, 4. infestant oculeo ; & Oestrum. (Asilus), 5. vav^rvanh pecus. (l^ ) but the Fly, 6. and the Gnat, 7. us. The Cricket, 8. singeth. The Butterfly, 9. is a winged Caterpillar. The Beetle, 10. covereth her wings with Cases. The Glow-worm, 1 1. shineth by night. autem Musca, 6. & Culex, 7. nos. Gryllus, 8. cantillat. Papillio, 9. est alata Eruca. Scarabceus, 10. tegit alas vaginis. Cicindela [Lampyris], 11. nitet noctu. XXVI. Four-Footed Beasts: and First those about the House. Quadrupeda : & primum Domestica. The Dog, 1 . with the Whelp, 2. is keeper of the House. The Cat, 3. Canis, 1. cum Catello, 2. est custos Domus. Felis (Catus) 3. rss; riddeth the House of Mice, 4. which also a Mouse-trap, 5. doth, A Squirrel, 6. The Ape, 7. and the Monkey, 8. are kept at home for delight. The Dormouse, 9. and other greater Mice, 10. as, the Weesel, the Marten, and the Ferret, trouble the House, purgat domum i, Muribus, 4. quod etiam Muscipula, 5, facit. Sciurus, 6. Simia, 7. & Cercopithecus, 8. habentur domi delectamento. Glis, 9. & caeteri Mures majores, 10. ut, Mustela, Martes, Viverra, infestant domum. Herd-Cattle. XXVII. Pecora. The £ull, i.,the Cow, 2. and the Calf, ^. are covered with hair. The £am, the Weather, 4. the Ewe,^. and the Lamb, 6. bear wool. B Taurus, 1. Vacca, 2, & Vitulus, 3. teguntur pilis. Aries, Vervex, 4. Cwj, 5. cum Agno, 6. gestant lanam. (3^ J The He-goat, the Gelt- goat, 7. with the She-goat, 8. and Xid, 9. have shag-hair and beards. The jSTc^, the Sow, 10. and the I'igs, 1 1. have bristles, but not horns; but also cloven feet as those others (have.) Hircus, Caper, 7. cum Capra, 8, & Hcedo, 9. habent. Villos & aruncos. Porcus, Scrofa, 10. cum Porcellis, 1 1. habent &/(Zj, at non Cornua ; sed etiam Ungulas bisulcas ut ilia. Labou ring- Beasts. XXVIII. Jumenta. The .(4w, I. and the Mule, 2. carry burthens. The Horse, 3. (which a Mane, 4. grac- eth) carryeth us. The Camel, 5. carryeth the Merchant with his Ware. Asinus, I. & Mulus, 2. gestant Onera. Equus, 3. (quam Juba, 4. ornat) gestat nos ipsos. Camelus, 5. gestat Mercatorem cum mercibus suis. (35) The Elephant, 6. -draweth his meat to him with his Trunk, 7. He hath two Teeth, 8. standing out, ^nd is able to carry- full thirty men. Wild-Cattle. XXIX. Elephas, (Barrus) 6. attrahit pabulum Proboscide, 7. Habet duos denies, 8. prominentes, & potest portare etiam triginta viros. Ferae Pecudes. The Buff, 1. and the Buffal, 2. are wild Bulls. The Elke, 3. being bigger than an Horse (whose back is im- penetrable) hath knaggy horns as also the Hart, 4. but the Jioe, 5. and the Hind-calf ,3.\aios\. none. The Stone-back, 6. huge great ones. The Wild-goat, 7. hath very little ones, by which she hangeth her self on a Rock. Urus, I. & Bubalus, 2. sunt feri Boves. Alces, 3. major equo (cujustergusest impene- trabilis) habet ramosa cor- nua ; ut & Cervus, 4. Sed Caprea, 5. cum Hinnulo, ferd nulla. Capricornus, 6. praegrandia; Rupicapra, 7. minuta, :*.-( quibus suspendit se ad rupem. (3^) The Unicorn., 8. hath but one, but that a precious one. The Boar., 9. assail- eth one with his tushes. The Hare, 10. is fearful. The Cony, 11. diggeth the Earth. As also the Mole, 12. which maketh hillocks. Monoceros, 8. habet unum, sed pretiosutn. Aper, 9. grassatur dentibus. Lepus, 10. pavet. Cuniculus, II. perfodit terram ; Ut & Talpa, 1 2. quae facit grumos. Wild-Beasts. XXX. Ferae Besitae. Wild Beasts have sharp paws, and teeth, and are flesh eaters. As the Lyon, 1. the King of four-footed Beasts, having a mane; with the Lioness. The spotted Panther, 2. Bestia habent acutos ungues, & dentes,suntque carnivorae,. Ut Leo, 1 . Rex quadrupedum, jubatus ; cum Lecend. Maculosus, Pardo (Pan- thera) 2. (1,1 ) The Tyger, 3. 'the cruellest of all. The Shaggy Bear, 4. The ravenous Wolf, 5. The quick sighted Ounce, -6. The tayled fox, 7. the craftiest of all. The Hedge-hog, 8. is prickly. The Badger, 9. -delighteth in holes. Tygris, 3. immanissima omnium. Villosus Ursus, 4. Rapax Lupus, 5. Lynx, 6. visu pollens, Caudata Vulpes, 7. astutissima omnium. Erinaceus, 8. est aculeatus. Melis, 9. gaudet latebris. XXXI. Serpents and Creeping things. Serpentes & Reptilia. Snakes creep jby winding themselves; The Adder, i. in the wood; The Water-snake, 2. in the water; The Viper, 3. amongst great stones. Angues repunt sinuando se; Coluber, i. in Sylvd; Natrix, (hydra) 2. in Aqud; Viper a, 3. in saxis ; (3&J The Asp, 4. in the fields. The ^(7ff,(or Mild-snake) 5. in Houses. The Slow-worm, 6. is blind. The Lizzard, 7. and the Salamander, 8. (that liveth long in fire) have feet. The Dragon, 9. a winged Serpent, killeth with his Breath. The Basilisk, 10. with his Eyes ; And the Scorpion, 11. with his poysonous tail. Aspis, 4, in campis. Boa, 5. in Domibus. CcBcilia, 6. est ccEca. Lacerta, 7. Salamandra, 8. (in igne vivax,) habent pedes. Draco, 9. Serpens alatus, necat balitu. Basiliscus, 10. Oculis; Scorpio, 1 1 . venenata caudd. Crawling- Vermin. XXXII. Insecta repentia. Worms gnaw things. \ Vermes, rodunt res. ( Z9) The Earth-worm, i. the Earth. The Caterpillar, 2. the Plant. The Grashopper, 3. the Fruits. Th.^ Mite, 4. the Corn. The Timber-worm, 5. Wood. The Moth, 6. a garment. The Book-worm, 7. a Book. Maggots, 8. Flesh and Cheese. Hand-worms, the Hair. The skipping i^/?a, 9. the Lowse, 10. and the stinking Wall-louse, 1 1. bite us. The T/^^, 12. is a blood-sucker. The Silk-worm, 13. maketh silk. The Pismire, 14. is painful. The Spider, 15. weaveth a Cobweb, nets for flies. The Snail, 16. carri- eth about her Snail-horn. Lumbricus, i. terrara. Eruca, 2. plantam. Cicada, 3. Fruges. Circulio, 4. Frumenta. Teredo, (cossis) 5. Ligna. Tinea, 6. vestem. Blatta, 7. Librutn. Termites, 8. carnem & caseum. Acari, Capillum. Saltans Ftilex, 9. Pediculus, 10. foetans Cimex, 1 1. mordent nos. Ricinus, 12. sanguisugus est. Bombyx, 13. facit sericum. Formica, 14. est laboriosa. Aranea, 15. texit Araneum, retia muscis. Cochlea, 16. circumfert testam. ( ^o) XXXIII. Creatures that live as well by Water as by Land. Amphibia. Creatures that live by land and by water, are The Crocodile, i. a cruel and preying Beast of the River Nilus ; The Castor or Beaver, 2. having feet like a Goose, and a scaly tail to swim. The Otter, 3. The croaking Frog, 4. with the Toad. The Tortoise, 5. covered above and be- neath with shells, as with a target. Viventia in terrd & aqud, sunt Crocodilus, 1. immanis & prsedatrix bes- tia Nili fluminis ; Castor, (Fiber) 2. habens pedes anseripos & squameam Caudam ad natandum. Lutra, 3. & coaxans Rana, 4. cum Bufone. Testudo, 5. Operta & infra, testis, ceu scuto. (41 J XXXIV. River Fish and Pond Fish. Pisces Fluviatiles & Lacustres. A J^isk hath J^ins, i. ■with which it swimnieth, and Gills, 2. by which it taketh breath, and Prickles instead of bones: besides the Male hath a Milt, and the Female a Row. Some have Scales. as the Carp, 3. and the Luce or Pike, 4. Some are sleek as the -£1?/, 5. and the La7nprey, 6. The Sturgeon, 7. having a sharp snout, groweth beyond the length of a Man. The Sheath-fish, 8. Piscis habet Pinnas, 1 . quibus natat ; & Branchias, 2. quibus respirat ; & Spinas loco ossium : praeterea, Mas Lacies, Faemina Ova. Quidam habent Squamas, ut Carpio, 3. Lucius, (Lupus) 4. Alii sunt glabri, ut, Anguilla, 5. Mustela, 6. Accipenser (Sturio), 7. mucronatus, crescit ultra longitudinem viri. Silurus, 8. (4^) having wide Cheeks, bucculentus. is bigger than he : major illo est: But the greatest, Sed maximus is the Huson, 9. Antaseus (Huso,) 9. Minews, 10. Apuai, 10. swimming by shoals. natantes gregatim, are the least. sunt minutissimae. Others of this sort are Alii hujus generis sunt the Ferch, the Bley, Perca, Alburnus, the Barbel, Mullus, (Barbus) the Esch, the Trout, Thymallus, Trutta, the Gudgeon, and Trench, 1 1, Gobius, Tinea, 11. The Crab-fish, 12. is cov- Cancer, 12. ered with a shell, and it tegitur crusta. hath Claws, and crawleth habetque chelas, & gradi- forwards and backwards. tur porro & retrd. TYiQ Horse-leech, 13. Hirudo, 1 3. sucketh blood. sugit sanguinem. XXXV. Sea-fish, and Shell-fish. Marini pisces & Conchae. The Whale, i. is the I Baloena, (Cetus) 1. max- greatest of the Sea-fish. | imus Piscium marinorum. r43) The Dolphin, 2. the swiftest. The Scate, 3. the most monstrous. Others are the Lamprel,^ the Salmon, or the Lax, 5. There are also fish that flie, 6. Add Herrings, 7. which arebroughtpickled, and Place, 8. and Cods, 9. which are brought dry; and the Sea monsters, the Seal. 10. and the Sea-horse, &c. Shell-fish, 1 1 . have Shells. The Oyster, 12. afiFordeth sweet meat. The Purple-fish, 13. purple ; The others, Pearls, 14. Delphinus, 2. velocissimus. Raia, 3. monstrossimus. Alii sunt Murcenula, 4. Salmo, (Esox) 5. Danturetiam volatiles,6. Adde Haleces, 7. qui salsi, & Passeres,%. cum Asellis,(). qui adferuntur arefacti ; & monstra marina, Phocam, 10. Hippopotamum, &c. Concha, 1 1 . habet testas, Ostrea, 12. dat sapidam carnem. Murex, 13. purpuram ; Alii, 14. Margaritas. Man. XXXVI. Homo. Adam, i. the first Man, j Adamus, 1. primus Homo, was made by God after his own Image the sixth day of the Creation, of a lump of Earth. And Eve, 2. the first Woman, was made of the Rib of the Man. These, being tempted by the Devil under the shape of a Serpent, 3. when they had eaten of the fruit of the forbidden Tree, 4. were condemned, 5. to misery and death, with all their posterity, and cast out of Paradise, 6. ( U) formatus est a Deo ad Imaginem suam sextd die Creationis, e Gleba Terrae. Et £va, 2. prima mulier, formata est e costd viri. Hi, seducti adoio sub specie Serpentis, 3. cum comederent de fructu vetitm arboris, 4. damnati sunt, 5. ad miseriam & mortem, cum omni posteritate sua, & ejecti e Paradise 6. XXXVIl. The Seven Ages of Man. Septem .States Hominis. A Man is first an Infant, 1 . | Homo est primum Infans, i . (^s) then a £oy, 2, then a Youth, 3. then a Young-man, 4. then a 7)/a«, 5. after that an Elderly-man,6. and at last, a decrepid old ■man, 7. So also in the other Sex, there are, a ■/, 8. A Damosel, 9. a Maid, 10. A Woman, 11. an elderly Woman, 12. and a decrepid old Woman, 13. deinde Puer, 2. turn Adolescens, 3. inde jfuvenis, 4. posted Fir, 5. dehinc Senex, 6. tandem Silicernium, 7. Sic etiam in altero Sexu^ sunt. Pupa, 8. Puella, 9. Virgo, 10. Mulier, 11. Vetula, 12. ^«2t- rits, to move the Members. The Bowels are the in- ward Members : As in the Head, the Brains,^, being compassed about with a Skull, and In Corpore sunt Cutis cum Membranis, Caro cum Musculis, Canales, Cartilagines, Ossa & Viscera. Cute, I. detracts, Caro, 2. apparet, non continue mass4, sed distributa, tanquam in farcimina, quos vocant Musculos, quorum numerantur quadringenti quinque, canales Spirituum, ad movendum Membra. Viscera sunt Membra in- terna : Ut in Q,^^\tQ,Cerebrum, 3. circumdatum Cranio, & rso; the Skin which covereth the Skull. In the Breast, the Heart, 4. covered with a thin ^/J«« about it, and ih^Lungs, 5. breathing to and fro. In the Belly, the Stomach, 6. and the Guts, 7. covered with a Caul. The Liver, 8. and in the left side oppo- site against it, the Milt, 9. the two Kidneys, 10. and the Bladder, 1 1 . The Breast is divided from the Belly by a thick Membrane, which is called the Mid-riff, 12. Pericrania. In Pectore, Cor, 4. obvolutum Pericardia, & Pulmo, 5 . respirans. In Ventre, Ventriculus, 6. & Intestina, 7. obducta Omenta. jFecur, (Hepar) 8. & k sinistro oppositus ei Lien, 9. duo Renes, 10. cum Vesica, 11. Pectus dividitur k Ventre crass^ Membrand, quae vocatur Diaphragma, 12. The Chanels and Bones. XLI. Canales & Ossa. TheChanelsoftheBodyare | Canales Corporis sunt csx; the Veins, carrying the Blood from the Liver; The Arteries (carrying) Ifeari-a.nd Life from the Heat ; The Nerves (carrying) Sense and Motion throughout the Body from the Brain. You shall find these three, i. everywhere joined together. Besides, from the Mouth into the Stomach is the Gullet^ z. the way of the meat and drink; and by it to the Lights,the Wezand, 5. for breathing; from the Stomach to the Anus is agreat Intestine, 3. to purge out the Ordure ; from the Liver to the Bladder, the Ureter, 4. for making water. The Bones are in the Head, the Skull, 6. the two Cheek-bones, 7. with thirty-two Teeth, 8. Then the Back-bone, 9. the Pillar of the Body, •consisting of thirty-four turning joints, that the Body may bend it self. The Ribs, 10, whereof there are twenty-four. The Breast-bone, 1 1 . the two Shoulder-blades, 12. the Buttock-bone, 13. the bigger Bone in the Arm, 15. and the lesser Bone in the Arm. VencR deferentes Sanguinem ex Hepate ; Arterice, Calorem & Vitam 6 Corde ; Nervi, Sen sum et Motum, per Corpus a Cerebro. Invenies haec tria, 1. ubique sociata. Porro, ab Ore in Ventriculum Gula, 2. via cibi ac potus ; & juxta banc, ad Pulmonem Guttur,<^. pro respiratione ; 4 ventriculo ad Anum Colon, 3. ad excernendum Stercus; ab Hepate ad Vesicam, Ureter, 4. reddendae urinae. Ossa sunt in Capite, Calvaria, 6. duae MaxillcB, 7. cum XXXn. Dentibus, 8. Tum, Spina dor si, 9. columna Corporis, constans ex XXXIV. Vertebris, ut Corpus queat flectere se Costce, 10. quarum viginti quatuor. Os Pectoris, 1 1 . duae Scapula, iz. Os sessibuli, 13. Lacerti, 15. & Ulna. rs^y" The Thigh-bone, 14. the foremost, 16. and the hindmost Bone, in the Leg, 17. The Bones of the Hand, 18. are thirty-four, and of the Foot, 19. thirty. The Marrow is in the Bones. Tibia, 14. Fibula, 16. anterior, & posterior, 17. Ossa Manfis, 18. sunt triginta quatuor, Pedis, 19. triginta. Medulla est in Ossibus, XLII. The Outward and Inward Senses. Sensus externi & interni. There are five outward Senses ; The Eye, i. seeth Col- ours, what is white or black, green or blew, red or yellow. The Ear, 2. heareth Sounds, both natural, Voices and Words; and artificial, Sunt quinque extei'ni Sensus ; Oculus, I. videt Colores, quid album vel atrum, viride vel coeruleum, rubrum aut luteum, sit. Auris, 2. audit Sonos, turn naturales. Voces & Verba ; turn artificiales, (53) Musical Tunes. The JVose, 3. scenteth smells and stinks. The Tongue, 4. with the roof of the Mouth tastes Savours, what is sweet or iitter, keen orbiting, sow- er or harsh. The Hand, 5. by touch- ing discerneth the quan- -tity and quality of things; the hot and cold, the moist and dry, the hard and soft, the smooth and rough, the heavy and light. The inward Senses are three. The Common Sense, 7. under the forepart of the I .head, apprehendeth things taken from the outward Senses. The Phantasie, 6. under the crown of the head judgeth of those things, thinketh and drcameth, The Memory, 8. under the hinder part of the Aeadjl&yeth. up every thing and fetcheth them out : it loseth some, and this is forgetfulness. Sleep, is the rest of the Senses. Tonos Musicos. Nasus, 3, olfacit odores & foetores. Lingua, 4. cum Palato gustat Sapores, quid dulce aut amarum, acre aut acidum, acerbum aut austerum. Manus, 5. tangendo dignoscit quantitatem, & qualitatem rerum ; calidum & frigidum, humidum & siccum, durum & moUe, laeve & asperum, grave & leve. Sensus interni sunt tres. Sensus Communis, 7. sub sincipite apprehendit res perceptas a Sensibus externis. Phantasia, 6. sub vertice, dijudicat res istas, cogitat, somniat. Memoria, 8. sub occipitio, recondit singula & depromit : deperdit quaedam, & hoc est oblivio. Somnus, est requies Sensuum. The Soul of Man. r54>) XLIII. Anitna hominis^ The Soul is the Life of the Body,one in the whole. Only Vegetative'ia Plants; Withal Sensitive in Ani- mals J And also rational in Men. This consisteth in three things ; In the Understanding, whereby it judgeth and understandeth a thing good and evil, or true, or apparent. In the Will, whereby it chooseth, and desireth, or rejecteth, and mis- liketh a thing known. In the Mind, whereby it pursueth Anima est vita corporis, una in toto. Tantum Vegetativa in Plantis ; Simul Sensitiva in Ani- malibus ; Etiam Rationalis in Homine. Haec consistet in tribus: In Mente (Intellectu) qu^ cognoscit, & intelligit, bonum ac malum, vel verum, vel apparens. In Voluntate, qu4 eligit, & concupiscit, aut rejicit, & aversatur cognitum. In Animo, quo prosequitur rss; the Good chosen or avoid- eth the Evil rejected. Hence is Hope and Fear in the desire, and dislike. Hence is Love and Joy, in the Fruition: But Anger and Grief, in suffering. The true judgment of a thing is Knowledge j the false, is Error, Opinion and Suspicion. Bonum electum, vel fugit Malum rejectum. Hinc Spes & Timor, in cupidine, & aversatione : Hinc Amor & Gaudium, in fruitione : Sed Ira ac Dolor, in passione. Vera cognitio rei, est Scientia ; falsa. Error, Opinio, Suspicio. XLIV. Deformed and Monstrous People. Monstrous and de- formed People are those which diflfer in the Body from the ordinary shape, Deformes & Monstrosi. Monstrosi, & deformes sunt abeuntes corpore d, communi form^, ( s(>) as the huge Gyant, i. the little Dwarf, 2. One with two Bodies, 3. One with two Heads, 4. and such like Monsters. Amongst these are reck- oned, The jolt-headed, 5. The great nosed, 6. The blubber-lipped, 7. The blub-cheeked, 8. The goggle-eyed, 9. The wry-necked, 10. The great-throated, 1 1 . The Crump-backed, 12. The Crump-footed, 13. The steeple-crowned, 15. add to these The Bald-pated, 14. ut sunt, immanis Gigas, nanus (Pumilid), 2. Bicorpor, 3. Biceps, 4. & id genus monstra. His accensentur, Capito, 5. Naso, 6. Labeo, 7. Bucco, 8. Strabo, 9. Obstipus, 10. Strumosus, 1 1 . Gibbosus, 12. Loripes, 13. CV7(5i, 15. adde Calvastrum, 14. XLV. The Dressing of Gardens. Hortorum cultura. We have seen Man: Now let us go on to Man's Vidimus hominem : Jam pergamus rs?; .living, and to Handy-craft- TVa^ifj, which tend to it. The first and most an- 'cient sustenance, were the Fruits of the Earth. Hereupon the first la- bour of Adam, was the dressing of a garden. Tlie Gardener, i. •diggeth in a Garden-plot, with a Spade, 2. ■or Mattock, 3. and maketh Beds, 4. ;and places wherein to plant Trees, 5. on which he setteth Seeds and Plants. The Tree- Gardener, 6. planteth Trees, 7. in an Orchard, and grafteth Cyons, 8. in Stocks, 9. He fenceth his Garden, ■either by care, with a mound, ) o. or a Stone-wall, 1 1 . or a rffli'/, 12. •or Pales, 13. or a Hedge, 14. made oi Hedge-stakes, and bindings ; Or by Nature, with Brambles and Bryers, 15. It is beautified with Walks, 16. ^nd Galleries, 17. It is watered with Fountains, 18. ^nd a Watering-pot, 1 9. ad Victum hominis, & ad ^/■fe5 Mechanicas, quae hue faciunt. Primus & antiquissimus Victus, erant Bruges Terrce. Hinc primus Labor Adami, Horti cultura. Hortulanus (Olitor), i. fodit in Viridario, Ligone, 2. aut Bipalio, •5. facitque Pulvinos, 4. ac Plantaria, 5 . quibus inserit Semina & Plantas. Arborator, 6. plantat Arbores, 7. in Pomario, inseritque Surculos, 8. Viviradicibus, 9. Sepit hortum vel Cura, Muro, 10. aut Macerie, 11. aut Vacerra, 12. aut P lands, 13. aut ^iJ^^, 14. flex^ I sudibus & vitilibus ; Vel Natura Dumis & Vepribus, 15. Ornatur Ambulacris, 16. & Pergulis, 17. Rigatur Fontanis, 18. & Harpagio, 19. Husbandry Agricultural The Plow-man, i. yoketh Oxen, 3. to a Plough, 2. and holding the Plozu-stilt, 4. in his left hand, and the Plow-staff, 5. in his right hand, with which he removeth Clods, 6. he cutteth the Land, (which was manured afore with Dung, 8.) with a Share, 7. and a Coulter, and mdiVcth. furrows, 9. Then he soweth the Seed, 10. and harroweth it in with a Harrow, \ 1 . The Reaper, 12. sheareth the ripe corn with a Sickle, 13. gather- eth up the handfuls, 14, Arator, 1. jungit Boves, 3. Aratro, 2. & tenens Stivam, 4. laevd, Rallum, 5. dextrA, qud amovet Glebas, 6. scindit terram (stercoratam antea Ft mo, 8.) Vomer e, 7. et Dentali, facitque Sulcos, 9. Turn seminat Semen, 10. & inoccat Oc(r(^, 1 1 . Messor, 1 2 . metit fruges maturas Falce messoris, 13. colligit Manipulos, 14. (S9) and bindeth the Sheaves, 1 5 . The Thrasher, 16. thrasheth Corn on the Barn-floor, 17. Vf \i\i 2i Flay I, 18. tosseth it in a winnowing-basket, 1 9. and so when the Chaff, and the Straw, 20. are separated from it, he putteth it into Sacks, 12. The Mower, 22. maketh Hay in a Meadow, cutting down Grass with a Sithe, 23. and raketh it together with a Rake, 24. and maketh up Cocks, 26. with 2^ fork, 25, and carrieth it on Carriages, 27. into the Hay-barn, 28. & colligat Mergetes, 15. Tritor, 16. triturat frumentum in ^rifa Horrei, 17. Flagello (tribula), 18. jactat ventilabro, ig. atque ita Paled & Stramifie, 20. separate, congerit in Saccos, 21. Fceniseca, 22. facit Fmnum in Prato, desecans Gramen Fake fcenaria, 23. corraditque Rastro, 24. componit Acervos, 26. Furca, 25. & convehit Vehibus, 27. in Fcenile, 28. Grasing. XLVII. Pecuaria, ((>o) Tillage of ground, and keeping Cattle, was in old time the care of Kings and Noble-men; at this Day only of the meanest sort of People. The Neat-heard, i. calleth out the Heards, 2. out of the Beast-houses, 3. with a Horn, 4. and driveth them to feed. The Shepherd, 5. feedeth his Flock, 6. being furnished with a Pipe, 7. and a Scrip, 8. and a Sheep-hook, 9. having with him a great Dog, 10. fenced with a Collar, 11. against the Wolves. Swine, 12. are fed out of a Swine-Trough. The Farmer'' s Wife, 13. milketh the Udders of the Ci?w, 1 5. at the Cratch, 15. over a milk-pale, 16. and maketh Butter of Cream in a Churn, 17. and Cheeses, 18. of Curds. The ^^(7/, 19. is shorn from Sheep, whereof several Garments are made. Cultus Agrorum, & res pecuaria, antiquissimis teraporibus, erat cura Regum,Heroum; hodie tantum infirmae Plebis, Bubulcus, I. evocat Armenia, 2. ^ Bovilibus, 3. Buccina (Cornu), 4, & ducit pastum. Opilio (Pastor), 5. pascit Gregem, 6. instructus Fistula, 7. & Pera, 8. ut & Pedo, 9. habens secum Molossum, 10. munitum Millo, 11. contra Lupos. 6'a<;j-, 12. sagi- nantur ex aqualiculo haroe. Villica, 13. mulget Ubera vaccce, 14. ad PrcBsepe, 15. super mulctra, 16. et facit Butyrum 6 _^(£'rif lactis, in Vase butyraceo, 17. et Caseos, 18. ^ Coagulo. Lana, 19. detondetur Ovibus, ex qui variae Vestes conficiuntur. C6iJ XLVIII. The making of Honey. Mellificium^ The £ees send out a swarm, i. and set over it a Leader, 2. That swarm being ready to fly away is recalled by the Tinkling of a brazen Vessel, 3. and is put up into a new Hive, 4. They make little Cells with six corners, 5. and fill them with Honey-dew, and make Combs, 6. out of which the Honey runneth, 7. The Partitions being melted by fire, turn into Wax, 8. Apes emittunt Examen, i. adduntque illi Ducem (Regem), 2. Examen illud, avolaturum, revocatur tinnitu Vasts anei, 3. & includitur novo Alveari, 4. Struunt Cellulas sexangulares, 5. et complent eas MelliginCy. & faciunt Favos, 6. h quibus Mel efifluit, 7. Crates liquati igne abeunt in Ceram, 8. Grinding. (62 ) XLIX. Molitura In a Mt'l/, I. a Stone, 2. runneth upon a stone, 3. A Wheel, 4. turning them about and grindeth Corn poured in by a Hopper, 5. and parteth the Bran, 6. falling into the Trough, 7, from the Meal slipping through a Bolter, 8. Such a Mill was first •a Hand-mill, 9. then a Horse-mill, 10. then a Water-mill, 1 1. then a Ship-mill, 12. and at last a Wind-mill, 13. In Mola, Lapis, 2. currit super lapidem, 3, Rota, 4. circumagente, et conteritgrana infusa per Infundibulum, 5. separatque Furfurem, 6. decidentem in Cistam, 7. d, Farina (Polline) elabente ■^t.x Excussorium,Z. Talis Mola primum fuit Manuaria, 9. deinde y^umentaria, \o. turn Aquatica, 11. & Navalis, 12. tandem, Alata (pneumatica), 13. Bread-baking Panificium. The Baker, i. sifteth the Meal in a Rindge, 2. and putteth it into the Kneading-trough, 3. Then he poureth water to it and maketh Dough, 4. and kneadeth it with a wooden slice, 5. Then he maketh Loaves, 6. Cakes, 7. Cimnels, 8. Rolls, 9, &c. Afterwards he setteth them on a. Peel, 10. and putteth them thorow the Oven-mouth, iz. into the Oven, 1 1 . But first hepullethout the fire and the Coals with a Coal-rake, 13. Pistor, I . cernit Farinam Cribo, 2. (poUinario) & indit MactrcB, 3. Turn afFundit aquam, & facit Massam, 4. depsitque spatha, 5. ligned. Dein format Panes, 6. Placentas, 7. Similas, 8. Spiras, 9. &C. Post imponit PalcB, 10. & ingerit i^«r«(?, 11. per Prcefurnium, iz. Sed prills emit ignem & Carbones Rutabulo, 13. r64>) which he layeth on a heap underneath, 14. And thus is Breadh&ked, having the Crus( without, 15. and the Cmmb with- in, 16. quos congerit infra, 14. Et sic Pants pinsitur habens extra Crustam, 15. intus Micam, 16. Fishing Piscatio^ The Fisher-man,i. catch- eth fish, either on the Shoar, with an Hook, 2. which hangethby a Line from the angling-rod, on which the £aii sticketh; or with a Cleek-net, 3. which hangeth on a Pole, 4. is put into the Water ; or in a Boat, 5. with a Trammel-net, 6. or with a Wheel, 7. which is laid in the Water by Night. Piscator, i. captat pisces, sive in littore, Hamo, 2. qui pendet^/c? ab arundine, & cui Esca inhaeret ; sive Fundd, 3. quae pendens Pertica, 4. immittitur aquae ; sive in Cymba, 5. Rett, 6. sive Nassa, 7. quae demergitur per Noctem. Fowling- Aucupium. The Fowler, i. maketh a Bed, 2, spreadeth a Bird-'net, ^. throweth a Bait, 4. upon it, and hiding himself in a Zr«^, 5. he allureth Birds, by the chirping of Lure- birds, which partly hop upon the Bed, 6. and are partly shut in Cages, 7. and thus he en- tangleth Birds that fly over, in his net whilst they settle themselves down. Or he setteth Snares, 8. on which they hang and strangle themselves : Or setteth Lime-twigs, 9 . on a Perch, 10. G Auceps, 1. exstruit Aream, 2. superstruit illi Rete aucupatorium, 3. obsipat Escam, 4. & abdens se in Latibulo, 5. allicit Aves, cantu Illicum, qui partim in Area cur- runt, 6. partim inclusi sunt Caveis, 7. atque ita obruit transvolantes Aves Reti, dum se demittunt : Aut tendit Tendiculas, 8, quibus suspendunt & suffocant seipsas : Aut exponit Viscatos cal- antos, 9. Amiti, 10. (66) upon which if they sit they enwrap their Feath- ers, so that they cannot fly away, and fall down to the ground. ■ Or he catcheth them with a Fo/e, ii. or a Pit- fall, 12. quibus si insident, implicant pennas, ut nequeant avolare, & decidunt in terram, Aut capiat Per tied, 1 1 . vel DecipulA, iz. Hunting. LIII. Venatus. The Hunter, 1. bunteth wild Beasts whilst he besetteth a Wood with Toyls, 2. stretched out upon Shoars, 3. The Beagle, 4. track- €th the wild Beast or find- «th him out by the scent ; the Tumbler,or Greyhound, 5. pursueth it. The Wolf, falleth in a Pit, 6. Venator, i. venatur Feras, dum cingit Sylvam, Cassibus, 2. tentis super Varos, 3. (furcillas.) Cams sagax, 4. vestigat Feram, aut indagat odoratu; Vertagus, 5. persequitur. Lupus, incidit in Foveam, 6. (t7) the Stag, 7. as he runneth fugiens Cervus, 7. away, into Toyls. in Plagas. The Boar, 8, Aper, 8. is struck through transverberatur with a Hunting-spear, 9. Venabulo, 9. The Bear, 10. Ursus, 10. is bitten by Dogs, mordetur a Canibus, and is knocked & tunditur with a Club, 1 1 . Clavd, 11. If any thing get away, Si quid efFugit, it escapeth, 12. as here evadit, iz. ut hie a Hare and a Fox. Lepus & Vulpes. Butchery. LIV. Lanionia. The Butcher, i. kiUeth /at Cattle, 2. (The Lean, 3. are not fit to eat.) He knocketh them down with an Ax, 4. or cutteth their Throat. Lanio, 1. mactat Pecudem altilem, a. {Vescula, 3. non sunt vescenda.) Prosternit Clavd, 4. vel jugulat. r 68 ) with a Slaughter-knife, 5. he flayeth them, 6, and cutteth them in pieces, and hangeth out the flesh to sell in the Shambles, 7. He dresseth a Swine, 8. with fire or scalding water, 9. and maketh Gamons, 10. Pistils, 1 1 . and Flitches, 12. Besides several Puddings, Chitterlings, 13. Bloodings, 1 4. Liverings, 15. Sausages, 16. The i^«/, 17. and Tallow, 18. are melted. Cunaculo, 5. excoriat (deglubit,) 6. dissecatque & exponit carnes, venum in Macello, 7. Glabrat Suem, 8. igne, vel aqu4 fervidd, 9. & facit Pernas, 10. Petasones, 11. & Succidias, 12. Praetered, Farcimina varia, Faliscos, 13. Apexabones, 14. Totnacula, 15. Botulos, (Lucanicas) 16. Adeps, 17. & Sebum, 18. eliquantur. Cook( LV. Coquinaria» 7%^ Yeoman of the Larder, 1. bringeth forth Provision, 2. out of the Larder, 3. Promus Condus, i. profert Obsonia, 2. d Penu, 3. C6g) The Cooi, 4. taketh them and maketh several Meats. He first puUeth off the Feathers and draweth the Gutts out of the Birds, 5. ' He scaleth and splitteth Fish, 6. He draweth some flesh with Lard, by means of a Larding-needle, 7. He caseth Hares, 8. then he boileth ihem in JPots, 9. and Kettles, 10. on the Hearth, 11. and scummeth them with a Scummer, 12. He seasoneth things that are boyled with Spices, which he poundeth with a Pestil, 14. in a Morter, 13. or grateth with a Grater, 1 5. He roasteth some on Spits, 16. and with a J^ack, 17. or upon a Grid-iron, 18. Or fryeth them in a Frying-pan, 19. upon a Brand-iron, 20. Kitc}ien utensils besides are, a Coal -rake, 21. a Chafing-dish, 22. a TV^)', 23. (in which Dishes, 24. and Platters, 25. are washed), a pair of Tongs, 26. a Shredding-knife, 27. a Colander, 28. a Basket, 29. and a Besom, 30. Coquus, 4. accipit ea & coquit warza Esculenta. Prius deplumat, & exenterat ^z;«, 5. Desquamat & exdorsuat Pisces, 6. Trajectat quasdem carnes Lardo, ope Creacentri, 7. Lepores, 8. exuit, turn elixat C//w, 9. & Cacabis, 10. in i^^ci?, 1 1 . & despumat Lingula, 12. Condit elixata, Aromatibus, quae comminuit Pistillo, 14. in Mortario, 13. aut terit Raduld, 15. Quaedam assat Verubus, 16. & Automata, 17. vel super Craticulum, 18. Vel frigit Sartagine, 19. super Tripodem, 20. J'ijtj'a Coquinaria prse- terea sunt, Rutabulum, 21. Foculus (Ignitabulum), 22. Trua, 23. (in qu^ Catini, 24. & PatincE, 25. eluuntur) Forceps, z6. Gutter iticisorius, 27. Qualus, 28. Cor bis, 29. & Scopa, 30. The Vintage Vindemia. Wine groweth in the Vineyard, i. where Vines are propa- gated and tyed with Twigs to Trees, 2. or to Props, 3. or Frames, 4. When the time of Grape- gathering is come, they cut off the Bunches, and carry them in Measures of three Bushels, 5. and throw them into a Vat, 6. and tread them with their Feet, 7. or stamp them with a Wooden-Pestil, 8. and squeeze out the juice in a Wine-press, 9. which is called Must, \ 1. Vinum crescit in Vinea, i. ubi Vites propagantur, & alligantur viminibus ad Arbores, 2. vel ad Palos (ridicas), 3. vel ad yuga, 4 Cum tempus vindemi- andi adest, abscindunt Botros, & comportant Trimodiis, 5. conjiciuntque in Lacum,6^ calcant Pedibus. 7. aut tundunt Ligneo Pile, 8. & exprimunt succum Torculari, 9. qui dicitur Mustum, 11. r?! ) and being received in a great Tu6, lo. it is poured into Hogsheads, 12. it is stopped up, 15. and being laid close in Cel- lars upon Settles, 14. it becometh Wine. It is drawn out of the Hogshead, with a Cock, 13. or Faucet, 16. (in which is a Spigot) the Vessel being unbunged. & exceptum Orcd, 10. infunditur Vasis (Doliis), 12. operculatur, 15. & abditum in Cellis, super Cantherios, 14. abit in Vinum. Promitur e Dolio Siphotie, 13. aut Tubulo, 16. (in quo est Episfomiuni) Vase relito. Brewing. LVII. Zythopoie. Where Wine is not to be had they drink Beer, which is brewed of Malt, 1 . and Hops, 2. in a Caldron, 3. afterwards it is poured into Vats, 4. Ubi Vinum non habetur, bibitur Cerevisia (Zythus), quae coquitur ex Byru, i. & Lupulo, 2. in Ahetio, 3. post effunditur in Lacus, 4. (1^) and when it is cold, it is carried in Soes, 5, into the Cellar, 6. and is put into Vessels. Brandy-wine, extracted by the power of heat from dregs of Wine in a Pan, 7. over which a Lim- beck, 8. is placed, droppeth through ^Pipe, 9. into a Glass. Wine and Beer when they turn sowre, become Vinegar. Of Wine and Honey they make Mead. & frigefactum. defertur Labris, 5. in Cellaria, 6. & intunditur vasibus. Vinum sublimatum, extractum vi Caloris e fecibus Vini in Ahem, 7. cui Alembicum, 8. superimpositum est. destillat per Tubum, 9. in Vitrum. Vinum & Cerevisia,cum acescunt, fiunt Acetum. Ex Vino & Melle fac- iunt Mulsum. Convivium. When a Feast is made ready, ' the table is covered with a Carpet, 1 . Cum Convivium apparatur, Mensa sternitur Tapetibus, i. ( nj and a Table-doth, 2. by the Waiters, who besides lay the Trenchers, 3. Spoons, 4. Knives, 5. with little Forks, 6. Table-napkins, 7. Bread, 8. with a Salt-seller, 9. Messes are brought in Platters, 10. a /"zif, 19. on a Plate. The Guests being brought in by the ^(7j/, 1 1. wash their Hands out of a Laver, 12. or Ewer, 14. over a Hand-basin, 13. or ^(7w/, 15. and wipe them on a Hand-towel, 16. then they sit at the Table on Chairs, 17. The Carver, 18. breaketh up the good Cheer, and divideth it. Sauces are set amongst Roast-meat, in Sawcers, 20. The Butler, 21. filleth strong Wine out of a Cruise, 25. or Wine-pot, z6. or Flagon, 27. into CV/^, 22. or Glasses, 23. which stand on a Cupboard, 24. and he reacheth them to the Master of the Feast, 28. who drinketh to his Guests. & Mappa, 2. ^ Tricliniariis, qui praetere^ opponunt Discos (Orbes), 3. Cochlearia, 4. Cultros, 5. cum Fuscinulis, 6. Mappulas, 7. Panem, 8. cum Salino, 9. Fercula inferuntur in Patinis, 10. Artocrea, 19. in Lance. Convivae introducti ab Hospite, 1 1 . abluunt manus 6 Gutturnio, 12. vel Aquali, 14. swper Malluvium, 13. aut Pelvim, 1 5 . terguntque Mantili, 16. turn assident Mensae per Sedilia, 17. Structor, 18. deartuat dapes, & distribuit. Embammata interponuntur Assutaris in Scutellis, 20. Pincerna, 21. infundit Temetum, ex Urceo, 25. vel Cantharo, 26. vel Lagena, 27. in Pocula, 22. vel Vitrea, 23. quae extant in abaco, 24. & porrigit, Convivatori, 28. qui propinat Hospitibus. The Dressing of Line, LIX. Tractatio Lini. Line and Hemp being rated in water, and dryed again, i. are braked with a wooden Brake, 2. where the Skives, 3. fall down, then they are hec- kled with an Iron Heckle, 4, where the Tow, 5. is parted from it. Flax is tyed to & Distaff, 6. by the Spinster, 7. which with her left hand pulleth out the Thread, 8. and with her right hand turneth a Wheel, 9. or a Spindle, 10. upon which is a Wharl, ij. The Spool receiveth the Thread, 13. Linum & Cannabis, macerata aquis, et siccata rursum, i. contunduntur Frangibulo ligneo, 2. ubi Cortices, 3. decidunt turn carminantur Carmine ferreo, 4. nbi Stupa, 5. separatur. Linum purum alligatur Colo, 6. k Ne trice, 7. quae sinistra trahit Filum, 8. dexterd, 12. Rhombum (girgillum), 9. vel Fusum, 10. in quo Verticillus, 11. Volva accipit Fila, 13. (IS) which is drawn thence upon a Yarn-windle, 14. hence either Clews, 15. are wound up, or Hanks, 16. are made. inde deducuntur in Alabrum, 14. hinc vel Glomi, 15. glomerantur, vel Fasciculi, 16. fiunt. Weavine:. LX. Textura. ; The Webster undoeth the Clews, \. into Warp, and wrappeth it about the Beam, 2. and as he sitteth in his Loom, 3. he treadeth upon the Treddles, 4. with his Feet. Hedivideth the Warp,^. with Yarn. and throweth the Shuttle, 6. through, in which is the Woofe,'a.x\& striketh it close. Textor diducit Glomos, 1 . in Stamen, & circumvolvit Jugo, 2. ac sedens in Textrino, 3. calcat Insilia, 4. pedibus. Diducit Stamen, 5. Liciis, & trajicit Radium, 6. in quo est Trama, ac densat. (!(>) with the Sley, 7. and so maketh Linen cloth, 8. So also the Clothier maketh Cloth of Wool. Fee tine, 7. atque ita conficit Linteum, 8. Sic etiam Pannifex facit Pannum 6 Lana. Linen Cloths. LXI. Lin tea. Linnen-webs are bleached in the Sun, i- with Water poured on them, 2. till they be white. Of them the Sempster, 3. soweth Shirts, 4. Handkirchers, 5. Bands, 6. Caps, &c. These if they be fouled, are washed again by the Laundress, 7. in water, or Lye and Sope. Linteamina insolantur, i. aqud perfusd, z. donee candefiant. Ex iis Sartrix, 3. suit Indusia, 4. Muccinia, 5. Collaria, 6. Capitia, &c. Haec, si sordidentur lavantur rursum, a Lotrice, 7. aqud, sive Lixivio ac Sapone. The Taylor, Sartor. The Taylor, i. cutteth Cloth, 2. with Shears, 3. and seweth it together with a Needle and double thread, 4. Then he presseth the Seams with a Pressing-iron, 5. And thus he maketh Coats, 6. with Plaits, 7. in which the Border, 8. is below with Laces, 9. Cloaks, 10. with a Ca/^, 1 1. and Sleeve Coats, 12. Doublets, 13. with Buttons, 14. and Ca^^, 15. Breeches, 16. sometimes with Ribbons, 17. Stockins, 18. Gloves, 19. Sartor, 1. discindit Pannum, 2. Forfice, 3. consuitque ,<4(r« & J^«7i? duplicate, 4, Posted complanat ^w- /wraj Ferramento, 5. Sicque conficit Tunicas, 6. Plicatas, 7. in quibus infra est ^/V«- ^r/ff, 8. cum Institis, 9. Pallia, 10. cum Patagio, ) i. & Togas Manicatas, 1 2. Thoraces, 13. cum Globulis, 14. & Manicis, 15. Caligas, 16. ali- quando cum Lemniscis, 17. Tibialia, 18. Chirothecas, 19. ^'(7^) Muntero Caps, 20. &c. So the Furrier maketh Furred Garments of Furs. Amiculum, 20. Sic Pel Ho facit Pellicia 6 Pellibus. &c. The Shoemaker LXIII. Sutor. The Shoemaker, 1 . maketh Slippers, 7. Shoes, 8. (in which is seen above, the Upper-leather, beneath J;he Sole, and'on both sides the Latchets) Boop, 9. and ffigh Shoes, 10. oi Leather, 5. (which is cut with a Cutting-knife), 6. by means of an Awl, 2. and Lingel, 3. upon a Last, 4. Sutor, 1. conficit Crepidas (San- dal i a,) 7. Calceos, 8. (in quibus spectatur superne Obstragulum, inferne Solea, et utrinque Ansa) Ocreas, 9. et Per ones, 10. e Corio, 5. (quod discinditur Scalpro Sutorio, 6.) ope Subulce, 2. et Fili/zV(z/«', 3. super Modum, 4. The Carpenter Faber lignarius. We have seen Man's food and clothing : now his Dwelling followeth. At first they dwelt in Caves, i. then in Booths or Huts, 2. and then again in Tents, 3. at the last in Houses. The Woodman felleth and heweth down Trees, 5. with an Ax, 4. the Boughs, 6. remaining. He cleaveth Knotty Wood with a Wedge, 7. which he forceth in with a Beetle, 8. and maketh Wood-stacks, 9 The Carpenter squareth Timber with a Chip-Ax, 10, Honjinis victum & ami- ctum, vidimus: sequitur nunc Domicilium ejus. Primd habitabant in Specubus, i. deinde in Tabernaculis vel Tuguriis,z. tum etiam in Tentoriis, 3. demum in Domibus. Lignator sternit & truncat Arbores, 5. Securi, 4. remanentibus Sarmentis, 6. Findit Nodosum, Lignum Cuneo, 7. quern adigit Tudite, 8. & componit Strues, 9. Faber Lignarius ascit Ascia, 10. Materiem, (io) whence Chips, ii. fall, and saweth it with a Saw, 12. where the Saw-dust, 13. falleth down. Afterwards he lifteth the Beam upon Tressels, 14. by the help of a Fully, 15. fasteneth it with Cramp-irons, 16. and marketh it out with a Line, 17. Thus he frameth the Walls together, 18. and fasteneth the great pieces with Pins, 19. unde Assulce, 11. cadunt, & serrat Serrd, 12. ubi Scobs, 13. decidit. Post elevat Tignum super Canterios, 14- ope Trochlea, 15. affigit Ansis, 16. & lineat Amussi, 17. Turn compaginat Parietes, 18. & configit trabes Clavis trabalibus, ig. The Mason. LXV. Faber Murarius, The Mason, i. layeth a Foundation, and buildeth Walls, 2. Either of Stones which the Stone-digger get- teth out of the Quarry, 3. Faber Murarius, i. ponit Fundamentum, & struit Muros, z. Sive 6 Lapidibus, quos Lapidarius eruit in Lapicidina, 3. (Si) and the Stone-cutter, 4. & Latomus, 4. squareth by a Rule, 5. conquadrat ad Normam, 5. Or of Bricks, 6. Sive e Lateribus, 6. which are made qui formantur, of Sand and Clay ex Arena & Luto, steeped in water. aqua intritis and are burned in fire. & excoquuntur igne. Afterwards he plaister- Dein crustat eth it with Lime, Cake, by means of a Trowel, ope Trullce, 7. and garnisheth with a & vestit Tectorio, 8. Rough-cast, 8. Engines. LXVI. Machin3e. One can carry as much by thrusting a Wheel-barrow, 3. before him, (having an Harness, 4. hanging on his neck,) as two men can carry on a Colestaff, i. or Hand-barrow, 2. Unus potest ferre tantum trudendo Pabonem, 3. ante se, (/Erumna, Suspense, a Collo) quan- tum duo possunt ferre PalangA, vel Feretro, 2. r 82 ) But he can do more that rolleth a Weight laid upon Rollers, 6. with a Leaver, 5. A Wind-beam, 7. is a post, which is turned by going about it. A Crane, 8. hath a Hollow-wheel, in which one walking draweth weights out of a Ship, orletteththem down into a Ship. A Rammer, 9. is used to fasten Riles, 10. it is lifted with a Rope drawn by Rallies, 11. or with hands, if it have handles, 1 2. Plus autem potest qui pro- volvit Molem impositam Rhalangis (Cylindris, 6.) Vecte, 5. Ergata, 7. est columella, quae versatur circumeundo. Geranium, 8. habet Tympanum, cui inambulans quis extrahit pondera navi, aut demittit in navem. Fistuca, 9. adhibetur ad pangendum Sublicas, 10. adtollitur Fune tracto per Trochleas, ir. vel manibus, si habet ansas, 12. A House. LXVII. Domus. The Rorch, i. is before the Door of the House. Vestibulum, i. est ante Januam DomHs. (&3J The Z>oor hath a Threshold, z. and a Lintel, 3. and Posts, 4. on both sides. The Hinges, 5. are upon the right hand, upon which the Doors, 6. hang, the Latch, 7. and the Bolt, 8. are on the left hand. Before the House is a Fore-court, 9. with a Pavement «M (situlis), 3. pendentibus vel Pertica, 4. vel Fune, 5. vel Catena, 6. idque aut Tollenone, 7. aut Girgillo, 8. aut Cylindro, 9. Manubriato. aut i?»/a (tympano), 10. aut deinque Antlid, \ I . The Bath. LXXV. Balneum. He that desireth to be wash'd in cold water, goeth down i nto a River, 1 . In a Bathing-house, 2. we wash off the filth either sitting in a Tub, 3. or going up into the Hot-house, 4. Qui cupit lavari aqud frigidd, descendit in Fluvium, In Balneario, 2. abluimus squalores, sive sedentes in Labro, sive conscendentes in Sudatorium, 4. ( 92 ) and we are rubbed with a Pumice-stone, 6. or a Hair-doth, 5. In the Stripping-room, 7. we put off our clothes, and are tyed about with an Apron, 8. We cover our Head with a Cap, 9. and put our feet into a Bason, 10. The Bath-woman, 1 1 . reacheth water in a Bucket, 12. drawn out of the Trough, 13. into which it runneth out oiPipes, 14. The Bath-keeper, 15. lanceth with a Lancet, 16. and by applying Cupping-glasses, 1 7 . he draweth the Blood betwixt the skin and the flesh, which he wipeth away with a Spunge, 18. & defricamur Pumice, 6. aut Cilicio, 5. In Apodyterio, 7. exuimus Vestes, & praecingimur Castula (Subligari), 8. Tegimus caput Pileolo, 9. & imponimus pedes Telluvio, 10. Balneatrix, 1 1 . ministrat aquam Situla, iz- haustam ex Alveo, 13. in quern defluit h Canalibus, 14. Balneator, 15. scarificat Scalpro, 16. & applicando Cucurbitas, 17. extrahit Sanguinem subcutaneum, quem abstergit Spongid, )8. The Barbers Shop. (93 J LXXVI. Tonstrina. I.^_jl".'' _. -l^^Jt^^^^ m Q p=^^^==- ifee:*¥s£=£^^^ iL^l __— jflj;^"*^ — ' " -^^SSfe^^ Uj l£ 7-/ 1 The Barber, i. in the Barbers-shop, 2. cutteth oflF the Hair and the Beard with a pair of Sizzars, 3. or shaveth with 2^ Razor, which he taketh out of his Case, 4. And he washeth one over a Bason, 5 . with Suds running out of a Laver, 6. and also with Sope, 7. and wipeth him with a Towel, 8. combeth him with a Comb, 9. and curleth him with a Crisping Iron, 1 o. Sometimes he cutteth a Vein with a Fen-knife, 1 1 . where the Blood spirteth out, 12. Tonsor, i. in' Tonstrina, 2. tondet Crines & Barbam Forcipe, 3. vel radit Novaculd, quam depromit 6 Theca, 4. Et lavat super Felvim, 5. Lixivio defluente 6 Gulturnio, 6. ut & Sapone, 7. & tergit Linteo, 8. pectit Fectine, 9. crispat Calamistro, 10. Interdum secat Venam Scalpello, 1 1 . ubi Sanguis propullulat, 12. (9^) The Chirurgeon cureth Wounds. Chirurgus curat Vulnera. The Stable. LXXVII. Equile. The Horse-keeper, i. cleaneth the Stable from Dung, 2. He tyeth a Horse, 3. with a Halter, 4. to the Manger, 5. or if he apt to bite, he tnaketh him fast with a Muzzle, 6. Then he streweth Litter, 7. under him. He winnoweth Oats with a Van, 8. (being mixt with Chaflf, and taken out of a Chest, 10.) and with them feedeth the Horse, as also with Hay, g. Stabularias (Equiso), i. purgat Stabulum a Fimo, 2. Alligat Equum, 3. Capistro, 4. ad PrcBsepe, 5. aut si mordax constringit Fiscella, 6. Deinde substernit ^/ra- menta, 7. Ventilat Avenam, Vanno, 8. (Paleis mixtam, ac de- promptam a Cista Pabula- toria, 10.) cdque pascit equum, ut & Fano, 9. (9S) Afterwards he leadeth him to the Watering-trough, II. to water. Then he rubbeth him with a Cloth, iz. combeth him with a Curry-comb, 15. covereth him with an Housing-cloth, 14. and looketh upon \i\s Hoofs whether the Shoes, 13. be fast with the JVatls. Postea ducit ad Aquarium, 1 1 . aquatum. Tum detergit Panno, 12. depectit Strigili, 15. insternit Gausape, 14. & inspicit Soleas, an Calcei ferrei, 13. firmis Clavis haereant. Dials. LXXVII. Horologia, A Dial measureth Hours. fiK Sun-dial, 1. sheweth by the shadow of the Pin, 2. what a Clock it is ; either on a Wall, or a Compass, 3, An Hour-glass, 4. Horologium dimetitur Horas. Solarium, i. ostendit umbr^ Gnomonis, 2. quota sit Hora ; sive in Pariete, sive in Pyxide Magnetica, 3. Clepsydra, 4. (96 ) sheweth the four parts of an hour by the running of Sand, heretofore of water. A C/oc^. 5. numbereth also the Hours of the Night, by the turning of the Wheels, the greatest whereof is drawn by a Weight, 6. and draweth the rest. Then either the Bell, 7. by its sound, being struck on by the Hammer, or the Hand, 8. without, by its motion about sheweth the hour. ostendit partes horae qua- tuor, fluxu Arence, olitn aquae. Automaton, 5. numerat etiam Nocturnas Horas, circulatione Rotarum, quarum maxima trahitur k Pondere, 6. & trahit caeteras. Turn vel Campana, 7. sonitu suo, percussd a Malleolo, vel Index extra Circuitione sua indicat horam. The Picture. LXXIX, Pictura. Pictures, i. delight the Eyes and adorn Rooms. The Puinter, 2. painteth an Image Picturce, i. oblectant Oculos & ornant Conclavia. Pic tor, 2. pingit Effigietn (91 ) with a Pencil, 3. Penicilio, 3. in a Table, 4. in Tabula, 4. upon a Case-frame, 5. super Pluteo, 5. holding his /'t>//^/, 6. in his tenens Orbem Pictorium, 6. left hand, in sinistra. on which are the Paints in quo Pigmenta which were ground bythe quae terebantur i Boy, 7. on a Marble. puero, 7. in marmore. The Carver Sculptor, and Statuary & Statuarius carve Statues, 8. exsculpunt Statuas, 8. of Wood and Stone. 6 Ligno & Lapide. The Graver Cmlator and the Cutter & Scalptor grave Shapes, 10. insculpit Figuras, jo. and Characters & Characteres, with a Graving Chesil, g. Ccelo, 9. in Wood, Brass, Ligno, ^ri. and other Metals. aliisque Metallis. Looking-glasses. LXXX. Specularia. Looking-glasses, 1 I Specularia, i. rps; are provided that Men may see themselves. Spectacles, 2. that he may see better, who hath a weak sight. Things afar oflf are seen in a Perspective Glass, 3. as things near at hand. A Flea appeareth in a muliplying-glass, 4. like a little hog. The Rays of the Sun, burn wood through a Burning-glass, 5. parantur, ut homines intueantur seipsos. Perspicilla, 2. ut cernat acius qui habet visum debilem. Remota videntur per telescopium, 3. ut proxima. Pulex, 4. in Microscopio apparet ut porcellus. Radii Solis accendunt ligna per Vitrum urens, 5. The Cooper. LXXXI. Vietor. The Cooper, i. having an Apron, 2, tied about him, maketh Hoops oi Hazel-rods, 3. upon a cutting-block, 4. with a Spoke-Shave, 5. Vietor, i. am ictus Prcecinctorio, 2. facit' Circulos, 6 Virgis Colurnis, 3. super Sellam incisoriam, 4. Scalpro bimanubriato, 5. (99 J and Zags, 6. of Timber, & Assulas, 6. ex Ligno. Of Lags he maketh Hogs- Ex Assulis conficit Jieads, 7. and Pipes, 8. Z»^//a, 7. & C«/af, 8. with two Heads ; Fundo bino ; and Tubs, 9. turn Lacus, 9. ^.o^j, 10. Labra, 10. Flaskets, 11. Pitynas [Trimodia], 11. Buckets, 12. & Situlas, 12. with one Bottom. fundo uno. Then he bindeth them Postea vincit ^Kxh Hoops, 13. Cir cutis, 13. which he tyeth fast quos ligat with small Twigs, 15. Viminibus, 15. by means of a Cramp-iron, ope Falcis Victoria, 14. 14. and he fitteth them on & aptat with a Mallet, 16. r« Remis, Proreta, 6. stans in Prora, & Gubernator, 7. sedens in Puppi, tenensque Clavum, 8. ^uhemaLTXiNavigiu/fi. A Merchant-ship. XC. Navis oneraria. A Ship, I. is driven onward not by Oars, but by the only force of the Winds. In it is a Mast, 2. set up, fastened with Shrowds, 3. on all sides to the main- chains. Navigium, i. impellitur, non remis, sed sold vi Ventorum. In illo Mains, z. erigi- tur, firmatus Funibus, 3. undiquead OraslNavis, r no; to which the Sail-yards, 4. are tied, and the Sat'is,^. to these, which are spread open, 6. to the wind, and are hoysed by Bowlings, 7. The Sails are the Main-sail, 8. the Trinket, or Fore-sail, 9. the Misen-sail or Poop- sail, 10. The Beak, 1 1 . is in the Fore-deck. The Ancient, 12. is placed in the Stern. On the Mast is the Foretop, 13. the Watch-tower oixSxz'&Yiv^ and over the Fore-top a Vane, 14. to shew which way the Wind standeth. The ship is stayed with an Anchor, 15. The depth is fathomed with a Plummet, 16. Passengers walk up and down the Decks, 17. The Sea men run to and fro through the Hatches,!?,. And thus, even Seas are passed over. cui annectuntur y4;;/f«« 10. ac gerunt se petulantes, & negligentes; ( I20 ; these are chasiised with a Ferrula. ii. and a Rod. 12. hi castigantur Feruld (baculo), 11. & Virgd, 12. The Study. XCIX. Museum. The Study, 1. is a place where a Student, 2. apart from Men, sitteth alone, addicted to his Studies, whilst he readeth Books, 3. which being within his reach he layeth open up- on a Desk, 4. and picketh all the best things out of them into his own Manual, 5. or marketh them in them with a Dash, 6. or a little Star, 7. in the Mar gent. Being to sit up late, Museum, 1. est locus ubi Studiosus, 2. secretus ab Hominibus,' sedet solus deditus Studiis, dum lectitat Libros, 3. quos penes se & exponit super Pluteum, 4. & excerpit optima quaeque ex illis in Manuale suum, 5. notat in illis Liturd, 6. vel Asterisco, 7. ad Margiem. Lucubraturus, (121 J he setteth a Candle, 8. on a Candlestick, 9. which is snuflFed with Snuf- fers, 10. before the Candle> he placeth a Screen, 1 1 . which is green, that it may not hurt his eye-sight ; richer Persons use a Taper, for a Tallow-candle slink- eth and smoaketh. A Letter, 12. is wrapped up, writ upon, 13. and sealed, 14. Going abroad by night, he maketh use of a Lan- .thorn, 15. or a Torch, 16. elevat Lychnum {Canelam), 8. in Candelabra, 9. qui emungitur Emunctorio, 10. ante Lynchum collo- cat Umbraculum, 11. quod viride est, ne hebe- tet oculorum acietn ; opulentioresutuntur Cereo nam Candela sebacea fcetet & fugimat. Epistola, 12. complicatur, inscribitur, 1 3. & obsignatur, 14. Prodiensnoctu vXxXxxr Lanterna, 15. vel Face, 16. Arts belonging to Speech. Grammar, 1. Artes Sermones. I Grammatica, 1. r 122; is conversant about Z*//if«, 2. of which it maketh Words,i. and teacheth how to utter, write, 4. put to- gether and part them rightly. Rhetorick, 5. doth as it were paint, 6. a rude form, 7. of Speech with Oratory Flourishes, 8. such as are Figures, Elegancies, Adagies, Apothegms, Sentences, Similies, Hierogylphicks, Gr-c. Poetry, 9. gathereth these Flowers of Speech, 10. and tieth them as it were into a little Garland, 11. and so making of Prose a Poem, it maketh several sorts of Verses and Odes, and is therefore crowned with a Laurel, 12. Musick, 13. setteth Tunes, 14. with pricks, to which it setteth words, and so singeth alone, or in Consort, or by Voice, or Musical Instruments, 15. versatur circa Literas, 2. ex quibus componit Voces,, verba, 3. docetqueelo- qui, scribere, 4. constru- ere, distinguere (inter- pungere) eas recte. Rhetorica, 5. pingit, 6. quasi rudem formam, 7. Sermon is Oratoriis Pig mentis, 8. ut sunt Figurce,- EleganticB, Adagia (proverbia) Apothegmata, Sententice (Gnomae) Similia, Hieroglyphica, (s'c. Poesis, 9. colligit hds Flores Orationis, i o. & colligat quasi in Co rail am, ii. atque ita, faciens k prosa ligatam orationem, componi varia Carmina & Hymnos (Odas^ ac propterea coronatur Lauru, 12. Musica, \ 3. componit Melodias, 14. Notis, quibus aptat verba, atque ita cantat sola vel Concent u (Symphonia), aut voce aut Instrumentis Musicis, 15.. Musical Instruments. CI. Instrumenta miisica- 1 Musical Instruments are those which make a sound: First, when they are beaten upon, as a Cymbal, i. with a Pestil, a little Bell, 2. with an Iron pellet within ; or Rattle, 3. by tossing it about: a Jews-Trump, 4. being put to the mouth, with the fingers; a Drum, 5 . and a Kettle, 6. with a Drum-stick, 7. as also the Dulcimer, 8. with the Shepherds-harp, 9. and the Tymbrel, 10. Secondly, upon which strings are stretched,and struck upon, as the Psaltery, 11. Musica instrumenta sunt quae edunt vocem : Primo, cum pulsantur, ut Cymbalum, 1. Pistillo, TintinTiabulum, z. intus Globulo ferreo, Crepitaculum, 3. circumversando ; Crembalum, 4. ori admotum, Digito ; Tympanum, 5. & Ahenum, 6. Claviculd, 7. ut & Sambuca, 8. cum Organo pastoritio, 9. & Sistrum (Crotalum), 10. Secundo, in quibus Chordm intenduntur & plectuntur ut Nablium, 1 1 . ( ^H ) and the Virginals, 12. with both hands; the Lute, 13. (in which is the Neck, 14. the Belly, 15, the Pegs, 16. by which the Strings, 17. are stretched upon the Bridge, 18.) the Cittern, 19. with the right hand only, the Vial, 20. with a Bow, 21, and the Harp, 23. with a Wheel within, which is turned about: the Stops, 22. in every one are touched with the left hand. At last, those which are blown, as with the mouth, the Flute, 24. the Shawm, 25. the Bag-pipe, 26. the Cornet, 27. the Trumpet, 28, 29. or with Bellows, as z. pair of Organs, 30. cum Clavircordio, 12. utrdque manu ; Testudo (Chelys), 13. (in quA 'jpugum, 14. Magadium, 15. & Verticilli, 16. quibus Nervi, 17. intenduntur super Ponticulam, 18.) & Cythara, ig. Dexterd tantum, Pandura, 20. Plectro, 21. & Lyra, 23. intus rotd, quae versatur : Dimensiones, 22. in singulis tanguntur sinistra. Tandem quae inflantur, ut Ore, Fistula {Tibia), 24. Gingras, 25. Tibia utricularis, 26. Lituus, 27. Tuba, 28. Buccina, 29. vel Follibus, ul Organum pneumaticum, 30. Philosophy Philosophia. The Naturalist, i. vieweth all the works of God in the World. The Supertiaturalist, 2. searches out the Causes and Effects of things. The Arithmetician, reckoneth numbers, by adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing; and that either by Cyphers, 3. on a Slate, or by Counters, 4. upon a Desk. Country people reckon, 5. ■vixih. figures of tens, X. and figures of five, V. by twelves, fifteens, and threescores. Physicus, 1. speculatur omnia Dei Opera in Mundo. Metaphysicus, 2. perscrutatur Causas, & rerum Effecta. Arithmeticus computat numeros, addendo, subtrahendo, multiplicando, dividendo;. idque vel Cyphris, 3. in Palimocesto, vel Calculis, 4. super Abacum. Rustici numerant, 5. Decussibus, X. & Quincuncibus, V. per Duodenas, QuindenaSy & Sexagenas. Geometry. Geometria. A Geometrician measureth the height of a Tower, i . . . ,2. or the distance oi places, 3 ... .4. either with a Quadrant, 5. or a J^acob's-staff, 6. He maketh out the Figures of things, with Lines, 7. Angles, 8. and Circles, 9. by a Rule, 1 o. a Square, 1 1 . and a ^a/> of Compasses, 1 2 . Out of these arise an Oval, 13. a Triangle, 14. a Quadrangle^ 15. and other figures. Geometra metitur Altitudinem Turris, 1 .... 2. aut distantiam Locorum, 3 .... 4. sive Quadrante, 5. sive Radio, 6. Designat Figuras rerum Lineis, 7, Angulis, 8. & Circu^it, 9. ad Regulam, 10. Normam. 1 1 . & Circinum, 12. Ex his oriuntur Cylindrus, 13. Trigonus 14. Tetragonus, 15. & aliae figurae. ( 127 J The Celestial Sphere. CIV. Sphera cselestis. Astronomy considereth the motion of the Stars, -Astrology the EflFects of thera. The Globe of Heaven is turned about upon an Axle-tree, \. about the Globe of the £arth, 2. in the space of XXIV. hours. The Pole-stars, or Pole, the Ar click, 3. the Antarctick, 4. conclude the Axle-tree at both ends. 'Y\i& Heaven is full of Stars every where. There are reckoned above a thousand fixed Stars ; but of Constellations towards the North, XXI. towards the South, XVI. Astronomia considerat motus Astrorum, Astrologia eorum Effectus. Globus Cosli volvitur super Axem, i. circa globum terrce, 2. spacio XXIV. horarum. Stellce polares, Arcticus, 3. Antarcticus, 4. finiunt Axem utrinque. Cesium est Stellatum undique. Stellarum fixarum nutnerantur plus mille ; Siderum verd Septentrionarium, XXI. Meridionalium, XVI. ( 128 ; Add to these the XII. signs of the Zodiaque, 5. every one XXX. decrees, whose names are T Aries 8 Taurus, n Gemini, 2B Cancer, Q Leo, M. Virgo, === Libra, ni Scorpius, # Sagittarius, V3 Capricor, X Aquarius, K Pisces. Under this move the seven Wandring-stars which they call Planets, whose way is a circle in the middle of the Zodiack, called the Eclipticli, 6. Other Circles are the Horizon, 7. the Meridian, 8. the ^Equator, 9. the two Colures, the one of the Eqtiinocts, \o. (of the Spring when the © entreth into f ; Autumnal when it entreth in =^) the other of the Solstices,i i. (of the Summer, when the ® entreth into as of the Winter when it entreth into V3) the Tropicks, the Tropick of Cancer, 12. the Tropick of Capricorn, 1 3 . and the two Polar Circles, 1 4 .... 1 5. Adde Signa, XII. Zodiaci, 5. quodlibet graduum, XXX. quorum nomina sunt T Aries, "6 Taurus, n Gem. as Cancer, Q Leo, iTK Virgo^ t Libra, ^ Scorpius, — Sagittarius, \3 Capricorn,. X Aquarius, H Pisces. Sub hoc cursitant StellcB err antes VII. quas vocant Planetas, quorum via est Circulvs^ in medio Zodiaci, dictus Ecliptica, 6. Alii Circuli sunt Horizon, 7. Meridianus, 8. Equator, 9. duo Coluri, alter yEquinoxiorum, 10. ( Verni, quando © ingreditur T; Autumnalis, quando ingreditur ===) ■a\\.t.x Solsticiorum, 11. {^stivi, quando © ingreditur as; Hyberni, quando ingreditur M3) duo Tropici, Tr. Cancri, 12. TV. Capricorni, 13. & duo Polares, 14. . . . 15. ( "9 ) CIV. The Aspects of the Planets. The Moon runneth through the Zodt- ack every Month. The Sun, q in a Year. Mercury, ?5 and Venus, 9 about the Sun, the one in a hundred and fifteen, the other in 585 days. Mars, 3 in two years ; y^upiter, U in almost twelve; Saturn, ^ in thirty years. Hereupon they meet va- riously among themselves, and have mutual Aspects one towards another. Planetarum Aspectus. Luna percurrit Zodiacum singulis Mensibus. Sol, C Anno. Mercurius, !5 & Venus, S circa Solem, ilia CXV., hsec DLXXXV. Diebus. Mars, i Biennio; yupiter, n ferS duodecim ; Saturnus, ^ triginta annis. Hinc conveniunt vari6 inter se & se mutuo adspiciunt. ( ^30 J As here the © and are in Conjunction. O and Moon in Opposition, O and ^ in a Trine Aspect, O and y in a Quartile, O and 4 in a Sextile. Ut hie sunt, © & 5 in Conjunctione, O and Z««a in Oppositione, O & ^ in Trigono, © & ^ in Quadratura, © & « in Sextili. CV. The Apparitions of the Moon. Phases The Moon shineth not by her own Light but that which is bor- rowed of the Sun. For the one half of it is always enlightned, the other remaineth darkish. Hereupon we see it in Conjunction with the Sun,\. to be obscure, almost none at all ; in Opposition, 5. Lunae. Luna, lucet non sua propria Luce, sed mutuatft a Sole. Nam altera ejus medie- tas semper illuminatur, altera manet caliginosa. Hinc videmus, in Conjunctione So/is, 1. obscuram, imo nuUam : in Oppositione, 5. ri3i; whole and clear, {and we call it the Full Moon j) sometimes in the half, (and we call it thePrtme, 3 . and last Quarter, 7.) Otherwiseitwaxeth,2. . 4. or waneth, 6. . . 8. and is said to be horned, or more than half round. totam & lucidam, (& vocamus Plenilunium ■) alias dimidiam, {& dicimus Primam, 3. & ultimam Quadrant, 7.) Caeteroqui crescit, 2 . .4. aut decrescit, 6. . . .8. & Yocatwr /alca fa, vel gibbosa. The Eclipses. CVI. Eclipses. The Sun is the fountain of light, inlightning all things, but the Earth, 1 . and the Moon, z. being shady bodies, are not pierced with its rays, for they cast a shadow upon the place just over against them. Therefore, when the Moon lighteth Sol est fons Lucis, illuminans omnia; sed Terra, i. & Luna, 2. Corpora opaca, non penetrantur ejus radiis, nam jaciunt umbram in locum oppositum. Ideo cum Luna incidit r '3*; into the shadow of the Earth, 2. it is darkened, which we call an Eclipse, or defect. But when xh^Moon run- neth betwixt the Sun and the Earth, 3. it covereth it with its shadolv; and this we call the Eclipse of the Sun, because it taketh from us the sight of the Sun, and its light; neither doth the Sun for all that suffer any thing, but the Earth. in umbram Terrcs, 2. obscuratur quod vocamus Eclipsin (deliquium) Lunce. Cum vero Luna currit inter Solent & Terram, 3. obtegit ilium umbr4 su&; & hoc vocamus Eclipsin Soils, quia adimit nobis prospectum Soils, & lucem ejus; nee tamen Sol patitur aliquid, sed Terra. CVII. a The terrestial Sphere. Sphera terrestris. The Earth is round, and therefore to be represented by two Hemispheres, a . . b. The Circuit of it Terra est rotunda, fingenda igitur duobus Hemispheriis, a . . b. Ambitus ejus ( 133 J is 360 degrees (whereof every one maketh 60 English Miles or 21600 Miles,) and yet it is but a prick, compared with the World, whereof it is the Centre. They measure Longi- tude of it by Climates, i . and the Latitude by Parallels, 2. The Ocean, 3. compasseth it about,and five Seas wash it, the Mediterranean Sea, 4. the Baltick Sea, 5. the Red Sea, 6. the Persian Sea, 7. and the Caspian Sea, 8. est graduum CCCLX. (quorum quisque facit LX. Milliaria Anglica vel 2 1600 Milliarium) & tamen est punctum, coUata cum orbe, cujus Centrum est. Longitudinem ejus dimetiuntur Climatibus, i. Latitudinem, lineis Parallelis, 2. Oceanus, 3. ambit earn & Maria V. perfundunt Mediterraneum, 4. Balticum, 5. Erythraum, 6. Persicum, 7. Caspium, 8. CVII. b The terrestial Sphere. It is divided into V. Zones, whereof the II. frigid ones, 9. ...9. Sphera terrestris. Distribuitur in Zonas V., quarum Aw^e. frigidx, 9. ...9. ( '34; are uninhabitable ; the II. Temperate ones, lo . . lo. and the Torrid one, II. habitable. Besides it is divided into three Continents; this of ours, 12. which is subdivided into Europe,i^. Asia, 14. Africa, 15. America, 16 16. (whose Inhabitants are Antipodes to us;) and the South Land, 1 7 . . 1 7. yet unknown. They that dwell underthe Northpole,\%. have the days and nights 6 months long. Infinite Islands float in the Seas. sunt inhabitabiles ; duae Temperatce, 10 lov & Torrida, ir. habitantur. Ceterum divisa est in tres Continentes ; nostram, 12. quae subdi- viditur in Europam, 13. Asiam, 14. & Africam, 15. in Americam, 16 16. (cujus incolae sunt Antipodes nobis;) & in Terram Australem, 17 . . 17. adhuc incognitam. Habitantes sub Arcto, 18. habent Dies Noctes semestrales, Infinitae Insula natant in maribus. Europe. CVIII. Europa. The chief Kingdoms of Europe, are j In Europd nostrd I sunt Regna primaria, Spain, 1. France, 2. Italy, 3. England, 4. Scotland, 5. Ireland, 6. Germany, 7. Bohemia, 8. Hungary, 9. Croatia, 10. Dacia, 11. Sclavonia, 12. Greece, 13. Thrace, 14. Podolia, 15. Tartary, 16. Lituania, 17. Poland, 18. The Netherlands, 19. Denmark, zo. Norway, 21. Swethland, 22. Lapland, 23. Finland, 24. Lisland, 25. Prussia, 26. Muscovy, 27. and Russia, 28. r 135; Hispi Jiania, 1. Gallia, 2. Italia, 3. Anglia (Britania), 4. Scotia, 5. Hibernia, 6. Germania, 7. Bohemia, 8. Hungaria, 9. Croatia, 10. Dacia, 1 1 . Sclavonia, 12. GrcRcia, 13. Thracia, 14. Podolia, 15. Tartaria, 16. Lituania, 17. Polonia, 18. Belgium, 19. Dania, 20. Norvegia, 21. Suecia, 22. Lappia, 23. Finnia, 24. Livonia, 25. Borussia, z6. Muscovia, 27. Russia, 28. Moral Philosophy, Ethica. J!!' This Life is a way, or ^ place divided into two ways, like Pythagoras's Letter Y. broad, i. on the left hand track ; narrow, 2. on the right ; that belongs to Vice, 3. this to Vertue, 4. Mind, Young Man, 5. imitate Hercules : leave the left hand way, turn from Vice ; the Entrance, 6. is fair, but the End, 7. is ugly and steep down. Go on the right hand, though it be thorny, 8. no way is unpassible to vertue; follow whither vertue leadeth Vita haec est via, sive Bivium, simile Litterae Pitkagoricce Y. latum, 1. sinistro tramite angustum, 2. dextro; ille Vitii, 3. est hie Virtutis, 4. Adverte juvenis, 5. imitare Herculem; linque sinistram, aversare Vitium ; Aditus speciosus, 6. sed Exitus, 7. turpis & prseceps. Dextera ingredere, utut spinosa, 8. nulla via invia virtuti ; sequere quS viA ducit virtus r 137; through narronv places to stately palaces, to the Tower of honour, 9. Keep the middle and straight /aM, and thou shalt go very safe. Take heed thou do not go too much on the right hand, 10. Bridle in, 12. the wild Horse, II. of Affection, lest thou fall'down headlong. See thou dost not go amiss on the left hand, 13. in an ass-like sluggishness, 14. but go onwards con- stantly, persevere to the end, and thou shalt be crown'd, 15. per angusta, ad augusta, ad Arcem honoris, 9. Tene medium & rectum tramitem; ibis tutissimus. Cave excedas ad dextram, 10. Compesce freno, 12. equum ferocem, 11. AflFec- t6s ne praeceps fias. Cave deficias ad sinistram, 13. segnitie asinind, 14. sed progredere constanter pertende ad finem, & coro- naberis, 15. Prudence. ex. Prudentia. Prudence, 1. looketh upon all things Prudentia, 1. circumspectat omnia ( '38; as a Serpent, 2. and doeth, speaketh, or thinketh nothing in vain. She looks backwards, 3. as into a Looking-glass, 4. to things past ; and seeth before her, 5. as with a Perspective-glass, 7. things to come, or the End, 6. and so she perceiveth what she hath done, and what remainethtobedone. She proposeth an Honest, Profitable and withal, if it may be done, a Pleasant End, to her Actions. Having foreseen the End, she looketh out Means, as a Way, 8. which leadeth to the End; but such as are certain and easie, and fewer rather than more, lest anything should hinder. She watcheth Opportuni- ty, 9. (which having a bushy fore-head, 10. and being bald-pated, 11. and moreover having wings, 1 2. doth quickly slip away,) and catcheth it. She goeth on her way warily, for fear she should stumble or go amiss. ut Serpens, 2. agitque, loquitur, aut cogitat nihil incassum. Respicit, 3. tanquam in Speculum, 4. ad prceterita ; ^ prospicit, 5. tanquam Telescopic, 7. Futura, seu Finem, 6. atque ita perspicit quid egerit, & quid restet agendum. Actionibus sui's praefigit Scopum, Honestum, Utilem, simulque, si fieri potest, Jucundum. Fine prospecto, dispicit Media, ceu Viam, 8. quae ducit ad finem, sed certa & facilia; pauciora potius quAm plura, ne quid impediat. Attendit Occasioni, 9. (quae Fronte Capillata, 10. sed vertice calva, 11. adhaec alata, 1 2. facile elabitur) eamque captat. In vidpergit cautS (pro- vide) ne impingat aut aberret. Diligence. Sedulitas. Diligence, i. loveth la- bours, avoideth Sloth, is always at work, like the Pismire, z. and carrieth together, as she doth, for herself. Store of all things, 3. She doth not always sleep, or make holidays, as the Sluggard, 4. and the Grashopper, 5. do, whom Want, 6. at the last overtaketh. She pursueth what things shehath undertaken chear- fully, even to the end ; she putteth nothing ofiFtill the morrow, nor doth she sing the Crow's song, 7. which saith over and over, Sedulitas, \. amat labores, fugit Ignaviam, semper est in opere, ut Formica, 2. & comportat, ut ilia, sibi, omnium rerum Copiam, 3. Non semper dormit, ferias agit, aut ut Ignavus, 4. & Cicada, 5. quos Inopia, 6. tandem premit. Urget incepta alacriter ad finem usque ; procrastinat nihil, nee cantat cantilenam Corvi, 7. qui ingeminat (ho) Cras, Cras. After labours undergone, and ended, being even wearied, she resteth her self; but being refreshed with Rest, that she may not use her self to Idleness, she fall- eth again to her Business, A diligent Scholar is like Bees, 8. which carry honey from divers Flowers, g. into their Ifive, lo. Cras, Cras, Post labor es exantlatos, & lassata, quiescit; sed recreata Quiete, ne adsuescat Otio, redit ad Negotia. Diligens Discipulus, similis est Apibus, 8. qui congerunt mel ex variis Floribus, 9. in Alveare suum, 10. Temperance. CXII. Temperantia. Temperance, 1. prescribeth a mean to meat and drink, 2. and restraineth the desire, as with a Bridle, 3. Temperantia, i. praescribit modum Cibo & Potui, 2. & continet cupidinem, ceu Freno, 3. ri4i; and so moderateth all things, lest any thing too much be done. Revellers are made drunk, 4. they stumble, 5. they spue, 6. and babble, 7. From Drunkenness proceedeth Lasciviousness ; from this a lewd Life amongst Whoremasters, 8. and Whores, 9. in kissing, touching, embracing, , and dancing, 10. & sic moderatur omnia ne quid nimis fiat. Heluones (ganeones) inebriantur, 4. titubant, 5. ructant (vomunt), 6. & rixantur, 7. E Crapula oritur Lascivia ; ex hdc Vita libidinosa inter Fornicatores, 8. & Scorta, 9. osculando (basiando), palpando, amplexando, & tripudiando, 10. Fortitude. CXIII. Fortitudo. Fortitude, 1. ] Fortitudo, 1. is undaunted in adversity, | impavida est in adversis, ( H^) and bold as a Lion, z. but & confidens ut Leo, 2. at not haughty in Prosperity, non tumida in Secundis, leaning on her own Pillar, innixa suo Columini, 3. 3. Constancy, and be- Constantice ; & ing the same in all things, eadem in omnibus. ready to undergo both es- parata ad ferendam utram- tates with an even mind. q\ie fortunam aequo animo. She receiveth the strokes Excipit ictus of Misfortune Infortunii with the Shield, 4. Clypeo, 4. o\ Sufferance: and Tolerantice : keepeth ofiF the Passions, & propellit Affectus, the enemies of quietness hostes Euthymiae with the Sword, 5. gladio, 5. of Valour. Virtutis. Patience. CXIV. Patientia- Patience, i. endureth Calamities, 2 Patientia, i. tolerat Calamitates, 2. r 143; and Wrongs, 3. meekly- like a Lamb, 4. as the Fatherly chastise- ment of God, 5. In the meanwhile she leaneth upon the Anchor of Hope, 6. (as a Ship, 7. tossed by waves in the Sea) she prayeth to God, 8. weeping, and expecteth the Sun, 10. after cloudy weather, 9. suflFering evils, and hoping better things. On the contrary, the impatient person, 11. waileth, lamenteth, rageth against himself , 12. grumbleth like a Dog, 13. and yet doth no good ; at the last he despaireth, and becometh his own Murtherer, 14. Being full of rage he de- sireth to revenge wrongs. & Injurias, 3. humiliter ut Agnus, 4. tanquam paternam fer- ulam Dei, 5. Interim innititur Spei Anchor CB, 6. (ut Navis, 7. fluctuans mari) Deo supplicat, 8. illacrymando, & expectat Phxbum, 10. post Nubila, 9. ferens mala, sperans meliora. Contra, Jmpatiens, 11. plorat, lamentatur, debacchatur, 12. in seipsum, obmurmurat ut Canis, 13. & tamen nil proficit ; tandem desperat, & fit Autochir, 14. Furibundus cupit vindicare injurias. Humanity Humanitas. Men are made for one another's good ; therefore let them ho kind. Be thou sweet and lovely in thy Countenance, i. gentle and civil in thy Behaviour d^xd. Man- ners, 2. afifable and true spoken with thy Mouth, 3. affectionate and candid in thy Heart, 4. So love, and so shalt thou be loved; and there will be a mutual Friendship, 5. as that of Turtle-doves, 6. hearty, gentle, and wishing well on both parts. Froward Men are hateful, teasty,'unpleasant. Homines facti sunt ad mutua commoda ; ergd sint humani. Sis suavis & amabilis Vultu, I. comis & urbanus Gestu ac Moribus, z. affabilis & verax. Ore, 3. candens & candidus Corde, 4. Sic ama, sic amaberis ; & fiat mutua Atnicitia, 5. ceu Turturum, 6. concors, mansueta, & benevola utrinque. Morosi homines, sunt odiosi, torvi, illepidi. r Hs ) contentious, angry, 7. cruel, 8. and implacable, (rather Wolves and Lions, than Men) and such as fall out among themselves, hereupon they fight in a Duel, 9. Envy, 10. wishing ill to others, pineth away her self. contentiosi, iracundi, 7. crudeles, 8. ac implacabiles, (magis Lupi & Leones, qudm homines) & inter se discordes, hinc confligunt Duelle, 9. Invidia, 10. male cupiendo aliis, conficit seipsam. Justice. CXVI. Justitia. y^ustice, 1. is painted, sitting on a square stone, 2. for she ought to be immoveable ; with hood-winked eyes, 3. that she may not respect persons ; stopping the left ear, 4. L 'yustitia, 1. pingitur, sedens in lapide quadrato, 2. nam decet esse immobilis ; obvelatis oculis, 3. ad non respiciendum personas ; claudens aurem sinistram, 4. r 146; to be reserved for the other party ; Holding in her right Hand a Sword, 5. and a Bridle, 6. to punish and restrain evil men ; Besides, a pair of Balances, 7. in the right Scale, 8. where- of Deserts, and in the left, 9. Rewards being put, are made even one with another, and so good Men are incited to virtue, as it were with Spurs, 10. In Bargains, 1 1 . let Men deal candidly, let them stand to their Covenants and Promises ; let that which is given one to keep, and that which is lent, be restored : let no man \i& pillaged, 12. or hurt, 1 3. let every one have his own: these are the precepts of Justice. Such things as these are forbidden in God's ^th. and jth. Cammandment, and deservedly punish'd on the Gallows and the Wheel, 1 4. reservandam alteri parti ; Tenens dextri Gladium, 5. & Frcenum, 6. ad puniendum & coercendum malos; Praeterea, Stateram, 7. cujus dextrce Lanci, 8. Merita, Sinistrce, 9. PrcBtnia imposita, sibi invicem exequantur, atque ita boni incitantur ad virtutem, ceu Calcaribus, 10. In Contractibus, 11. candidd agatur : stetur Pactis & Promissis; Depositum, & Mutuum, reddantur : nemo expiletur, 12. aut Icedatur, 13. suum cuique tribuatur : hsec sunt prsecepta Justitiae. Talio prohlbentur, quinto & septimo Dei Pmcepto, & merito puniuntur Cruce ac Rotd, 14. Liberality. Liberalitas. Liberality, i. keepeth a mean about Miches, which she honestly seeketh, that she may have somewhat to bestow on them that want, 2. She cloatheth, 3. nourisheth, 4. and enricheth, 5. these with a chearful coun- tenance, 6. and a winged hand, 7. She submitteth her ■wealth, 8. to her self, not her self to it, as the covet- ous man, 9. doth, who hath, that he may have, and is not the Owner, but the Keeper of his goods, and being unsatiable, always scrapeth together, 10. with his Nails. Liberalitas, 1. servat modum circa Divitias, quas honest^ quaerit ut habeat quod largiatur Egenis, 2. Hos vestit, 3. nutrit, 4. ditat, 5. Vultu hilari, 6. & Manu alatd, 7. Subjicit opes, 8. sibi, non se illis, ut Avarus, 9. qui habet, ut habeat, & non est Possessor sed Custos bonorum suor- um, & insatiabilis, semper corradit, 10. Unguibus suis. ( 148; Moreover he spareth and keepeth, hoarding up, 1 1 . that he may always have. But the Prodigal, 12. badly spendeth thingjs well gotten, and at the last wanteth. Sed & parcit & adservat, occludendo, 1 1 . ut semper habeat. At Frodigus, 12. malS disperdit ben6 parta, ac tandem eget. CXVIII. Society betwixt Man and Wife. Societas Conjugalis. Marriage was appointed by God in Paradise, for mutual help, and the Propagatiofi of mankind. A young man (a single man) being to be married, should be furnished either with Wealth, or a Trade and Science, Matrimonium institutum est a Deo in Paradiso, ad mutuum adjutorium, ^ propagationem generis humani. Vir Juvenis {Coelebs) conjugium initurus, instructus sit aut Opibus, aut Arte & Scientid, r Hg; which may serve for getting a living; that he may be able to maintain a Family. Then he chooseth himself .z.Maid\}a.2X \s Marriageable, (or a Widow) , whom he loveth ; never- theless a greater Regard is to be had of Virtue, and Honesty, than of Beauty or Portion. Afterwards, he doth not betroth her to himself •closely, but entreateth for her as a Woer, first to the Father, i. and then the Mother, 2. or the Guardians, or Kinsfolks, by such ■as help to make the match, 3. When she is espous'd to him, he becometh \hG Bride- groom, 4. and she Xh^ Bride, 5. and the Contract \s made, and an Instrument of Dow- ry, d. is written. At the last the Wedding is made, where they are joined to- gether by the Priest, 7. giving their Hands, 8. one to another, and Wedding-rings, 9. then they feast with the witnesses that are invited. After this they are called Husband and Wife; when she is dead he be- cometh a Widower. quae sit de pane lucrando; J ut possit sustentare Familiam. Deinde eligit sibi Virginem Nubilem, (aut Viduani) quam adamat ; ubi tamen major ratio habenda Virtutis & Honestatis, qu^m Formce aut Dotis. Posthaec, non clam des- pondet sibi eam, sed ambit, ut Procus, apud Patrem, 1. & Matrem, 2. vel apud Tutores, & Cognatos, per Pronubos, 3 . E4 sibi desponsd, fit Sponsus, 4. & ipsa Sponsa, 5. fiuntque Sponsalia, & scribitur Instrumentum Dotale, 6. Tandem fiunt Nuptice ubi copulantur k Sacerdote, 7. datis Manibus, 8. ultrd ci- troque, & Annulis Nuptialibus, 9. turn epulantur cum invitatis testibus. Abhinc dicuntur Maritus & Uxor; hdc mortud ille fit Viduus. CXIX. The Tree of Consanguinity, In Consanguinity there touch a Man, i . in Lineal Ascent, the Father (the Father-in-lanv), z. and the Mother (the Mother-in-law), 3. the Grandfather, 4. and the Grandmother, 5. the Great Grandfather, 6. and the Great Grandmother, 7. the great great Grandfather, 8. the ^r^a^ ^ri?a:/ Grandmother, 9. the great great Grand- father's Father, 10. ihe great great Grand- mother's Mother, II. Arbor Consanguinitatis. Hominem, i. Consanguinitate attingunt^ /« Linea ascendenti. Pater {Vitrieus),\2. & Mater {Noverca)'^. Avus, 4. & ^wVz, 5. Proavus, 6. & Proavia, 7. Abavus, 8. & Abavia, 9. Atavus, 10. & Atavia, 1 1 r 151 ) the great great Grand- father's Grandfather, 12. the great great Grand- mother's Grandmother, 13. Those beyond these are called Ancestors, 14. . . 14. In a Lineal descent, the Son {the son-in-law), 15. and the Daughter, {the Daughter- in- law), 16. the Nephew, 17. and the Neece, 1 8. the Nephews Son, 19. and the Nephews Daughter, 20. the Nephews Nephew, 2 1 . and the Neeces Neece, 22. the Nephews Nephews Son, 23. the Neeces Neeces Daughter, 24. the Nephews Nephews Ne- phew, 25. the Neeces Neeces Neece, 26. Those beyond these are c&lled Posterity, 27. . . 27. In a Collateral Line are the Uncle by the Fathers side, 28. and the Aunt by the Fathers side, 29. the Uncle by the Mothers side, 30. and the Aunt by the Mo- thers side, 3 1 . the Brother, 32. and the Sister, 33. the Brothers Son, 34. the Sisters Son, 35. and the Cousin by the Bro- ther and Sister, 36. Tritavus, 12. & Tritavia, 13. Ulteriores dicuntur Majores, 14. . . 14. In Linea descendenti, Filius {Privignus), 1;. & Filia {Privigna), 16. Nepos, 17. & Neptis, 18. Pronepos, 19. & Proneptis, 26. Abnepos, 21. & Abneptis, 22. Atnepos, 23. & Atneptis, 24. Trinepos, 25. & Trineptis, 26. Ulteriores dicuntur Posteri, 27 ... . 27. In Linea Collaterali sunt Patruus, 28. & Amita, 29. Avunculus, 30. & Matertera, 3 1 . Frater, ^2. & 6'(7ror, 33. Patruelis, ^^. Sobrinus, 35. & Amitinus, 36. cxx. The Society betwixt Parents and Children. Societas Parentalis. Married Persons, (by the blessing of God) have Issue, and become Parents. The Father, i . begetteth and the Mother, 2. beareth Sons, 3. and Daughters, 4. (sometimes Twins). The Infant, 5. is wrapped in Swadling-cloathes, 6. is laid in a Cradle, 7. is suckled by the Mother with her Breasts, 8. and fed with Pap, 9. Afterwards it learneth to go by 9 Standing-stool, 1 o. Conjuges, (ex benedictione Dei) sus- cipiunt Sobolem (Prolem) & fiunt Parentes. Pater, i. general & Mater, 2. parit Filios, 3. & Filias, 4. (aliquando Gemellos). Infans, 5. involvitur Fasciis, 6. reponitur in Cunas, 7, lactatur a matre Uberibus, 8. & nutritur Pappis, 9. Deinde discit incedere Seperasto, 10. r 153; playeth with ^a///<;x, ii. and beginneth to speak. As it beginneth to grow older, it is accustomed to Piety, 12. and Labour, 13. and is chastised, 14. if it be not dutiful. Children owe to Parents Reverence and Service. The Father maintaineth his Children iy taking pains, 15. ludit Crepundiis, 11. & incipit fari. Crescente aetate, adsuescit Pietati, 1 z. & Labor i, 13. & castigatur, 14. si non sit morigerus. Z/^«rz debent Parentibus Cultum & OflBcium. Pater sustentat Liberos, labor ando, 15. CXXI. The Society betwixt Masters and Servants. 1 III L^^^ j 1 kH 1 1 [ ixl •> The Master {the goodman of the House), 1. hath Men-servants, 2. Societas herilis. Herus (Pater familias), i. habet Famulos {Servos), 2. r t54; the Mistress (the good wife of the House"), 3. Maidens, 4. They appoint these their Work, 6. and divide them their tasks, 5. which are faithfully to be done by them without murmuring and loss; for which their Wages, and Meat2iQd Drink is allowed them. A Servant was heretofore a Slave, over whom the Master had power of life and death. At this day the poorer sort serve in a free man- ner,being hired for Wages. Hera (Mater fantilias), 3. And I las, 4. Illi mandant his Opera, 6. & distribuunt Laborum Pensa, 5. qua ab his fideliter sunt exse- quenda sine murmure &dispendio; pro quo Merces & Alimonia praebentur ipsis. Servus olim erat Man- cipium, in quem Domino potestas fuit vitae & necis Hodi6 pauperiores serviunt liberd, conducti mercede. A City Urbs. Of many Houses is made a Village, i. Ex multis Domibus fit Pagus, I. r iss; or a Town, or a City, 2. That and this are fenced and begirt with a rra//, 3. a Trench, 4. Bulwarks, 5. and Pallisadoes, 6. Within the Walls is the void Place, 7. without, the Ditch, 8. In the Walls are Fortresses, 9. and Towers, 10. Watch' Towers, 11. are upon the higher places. The entrance into a City is made out of the Suburbs, 12. through Gates, 13. over the Bridge, 14. The (Ja/tf hath a Portcullis, 15. a Draw-bridge, 1 6. two-leaved Doors, 17. Locks and Bolts, as also Barrs, 18. In the Suburbs are Gardens, 19. and Garden-houses, 20. and also Burying-places, 21. vel Oppidum, vel Z/r^f, 2. Istud & haec muniuntur & cinguntur Mxnibus ■ (Muro), 3. Pa//^, 4. Aggeribus, 5. & Fa//w, 6. Intra muros est Pomcerium, 7. extrfl, Fossa, 8. In moenibus sunt Propugnacula, 9. & Turres, 10. Specula, 1 1 . ex- tant in editioribus locis. Ingressus in Urbem fit ex Suburbio,\2. per For tarn, 13. super Pontem, 1 4. Porta habet Cataractas, 15. Pontem versatilem, 1 6. Valvas, 17. Claustra & Repagula, ut & Vectes, 18. In Suburbiis sunt Horti, 19. & Suburbana, 20. ut & Coemeteria, 21. r 156 J CXXIII. The inward parts of a City. Interiora Urbis. Within the City are Streets, 1. paved with Stones ; Market-places, 2. (in some places with Galleries), 3. and narrow Lanes, 4, The Publick Buildings are in the middle of the City, the Church, 5. the School, 6. the Guild- Hall, 7, the Exchange, 8. About the Walls and the Gates are the Magazine, 9. the Granary, 10. Inns, Ale-houses, Cooks-shops, II. Intra urbem sunt PlatecE (Vici), i. stratae Lapidibus; For a, 2. (alicubi cum Porticibus), 3. & Angiportus, 4. Publica aedificia sunt in medio Urbis, Templum, 5. Schola, 6. Curia, 7. Domus MercaturcR, 8. Circa Moenia, & Portas Armamentarium, 9. Granarium, 10. Diversoria, Popince, & Cauponoe, 11. ris?; the Play-house, 1 2. and the Spittle, 13. In the by-places are Houses of Office, 14. and the Prison, 15. In the chief Steeple is the Clock, 16. and the iVatckmans Dwelling, 17. In the Streets are Wells, 18. The River, 19. or Beck, runneth about the City, serveth to wash away the filth. The Tower, 20. standeth in the highest part of the City. Theatrum, 12. Nosodochium, 13. In recessibus, Forica (Cloacae), 14. & Custodia (Career), 15. In turre primaria est Horologium, 16. & habitatio Vigilum, 17. In Plateis sunt Putei, 18. Fluvius, 19. vel Rivus, interfluens Urbem, inservit eluendis sordibus. Arx, 20. extat in summo Urbis. Judgment. CXXIV. Judicium. The best Law, is a quiet agreement, made either by themselves, Optimum Jus, est placida conventio, facta vel ab ipsis. r iss; betwixt whom the sute is, or by an Umpire. If this do not proceed, they come into Court, i. (heretofore they judg'd in the Market-place ; at this day in the Moot-hall) in which the Judge, 2. sitteth with his Assessors,'}. the Clerk, 4. taketh their Votes in writing. The Plaintiff, 5. accuseth the Defendant, 6. and produceth Witnesses,-] . against him. The Defendant excuseth himself by a Counsellor, 8. whom the PlaintifiPs Coun- sellor, 9. contradicts. Then the Judge pronounceth Sentence, acquitting the innocent, and condemning him that is guilty, to a Punishment, or a Fine, or Torment. inter quos lis est vel ab Arbitro. Haec si non procedit, venitur in Forum, 1. (olim judicabant in Foro, hodid in Pratorio) cui Judex (Praetor), 2. praesidet cum Assessoribus, 3. Dicographus, 4. excipit Vota calamo. Actor, 5. accusat Reum, 6. & producit Testes, 7. contra ilium. Reus excusat se per Advocatum, 8. cui Actoris Procurator, 9. contradicit. Tum Judex Sententiam pronunciat, absolvens insontem, & damnans sontem ad Poenam, vel Mulctam, vel ad Supplicium. (^59 J CXXV. The Tormenting of Malefactors. Supplicia Malefactorum. Malefactors, i. are brought from the Prison, 3. {where they are wont to be tortured) by Serjeants, 2. or dragg'd with a Horse, 1 5. to place of Execution. Thieves, 4. are hanged by the Hang- man, 6. on a Gallows, 5. Whoremasters are beheaded, 7. Murfherers and Robbers are either laid upon a Wheel, 8. having their Legs broken, or fastened upon a Stake, 9. Witches Malefici, i. producuntur, h Car cere, 3. (ubi torqueri solent) per Lictores, 2. vel £fuo raptantur, 15. ad locum Supplicii. Fures, 4, suspenduntur a Carm^«,6. in Patibulo, 5. Mcechi decoUantur, 7. HomicidcB (Sicarii) ac Latrones (Piratae) vel imponuntur Rotoe crucifragio plexi, 8. vel Palo infiguntur, 9. Striges (Lamiae) ri6o; are burnt in a. great Fire, lo. Some before they are executed have their Ton- gues cut out, 1 I . or have their Hand, 1 2. cut off upon a Block,\T,. or are burnt with Pincers, 14. They that have their Life given them, are set on the Pillory, 16. or strapado'd, 17. are setupon a wooden Horse, li. have their Ears cut off, 19. are whipped with Rods, zo. are branded, are banished, are condemned to the Gallies, or to perpetual Imprisonment. Traytors are puU'd in pieces with four Horses. cremantur super Rogum, 10. Quidam antequam supplicio afiiciantur elinguantur, 11. aut plectuntur Manu, 12. super Cippum, 13. aut Forcipibus, 14. uruntur Vit4 donati, constringuntur Numellis, 16. luxantur, 17. imponuntur Equuleo, 18. truncantur Auribus, 1 9. cceduntur Virgis, 20. Stigmate notantur, relegantur, damnantur ad Triremes, vel ad Carcerem perpetuum. Perduelles discerpuntur Quadrigis. Merchandizing, Mercatura. Wares brought from other places are either exchanged in an Exchange, i. or exposed to sale in Warehouses, 2. and they are sold for Money, 3. being either measured with an Eln, 4. or weighed in a. pair of Balances, 5. Shop-keepers, 6. Pedlars, 7. and Brokers, 8. would also be called Merchants, 9. The Seller braggeth of a thing that is to be sold, M Merces, aliunde allatae, aliunde vel commutantur in Domo Commerciorum, 1, vel exponuntur venum in Tabernis Mercimoniorum, 2. & venduntur pro Fecunid (monetd), 3. vel mensuratae Ulnd, 4. vel ponderatae LibrA, 5. Tabernarii. 6. Circumforanei, 7. & Scrutarii, 8. etiam volunt dici Mercatores, 9. Venditor ostentat rem promercalem, r 162; and setteth the rate of it, and how much it may be sold for. The Buyer, 10. cheap neth and offereth the price. If any one bid against him, 11. the thing is delivered to him that promiseth the most. & indicat pretium," quanti liceat. Emptor, 10. licetur, & pretium ofiFert. Si quis contralicetur, 11. ei res addicitur qui pollicetur plurimum. CXXVII. Measures and Weights. Mensurae & Pondera. We measure things that hang together with an Eln, I. liquid things with a Gallon, 2. and dry things by a two-bushel Measure, 3. We try the heaviness of things by Weights, 4. and Balances, 5. In this is first Res continuas metimur Ulnd, 1. liquidas Congio, 2. aridas Medimno, 3. Gravitatem rerum ex- perimur Ponderibus, 4. & Librd (bilance), 5. In hdc primd est r ifisJ the Beam, 6. in the midst whereof is a little Axle-tree, 7. above the cheeks and the hole, 8. in which the Needle, 9. moveth it self to and fro : on both sides are the Scales, 10. hanging by little Cords, 11. The Brasiers balance, 12. weigheth things by hang- ing them on a Hook, 13. and the Weight, 14. opposite to them which in (a) weigheth just as much as the thing, in ^b) twice so much in (c) thrice so much, &c. y^ugum (Scapus), 6. in cujus medio Axiculus, 7. superius trutina & agina, 8. in qud JSxamen, 9. sese agitat : utrinque sunt Lances, 10. pendentes Funiculis, 11. Statera, 1 2. ponderat res,suspendendo illas Unco, 1 3. & Pondus, 14. ex opposito, quod in (a) aequiponderat rei, in (b) bis tantum, in (c) ter, &c. Physick. CXXVIIl. Ars Medica. The Patient, 1 . sendeth for a Physician, z ^grotans, i. accersit Medicum, 2. r 164; who feeleth his Pulse, 3, and looketh upon his Wa- ter, 4. and then prescribeth a Receipt in a Bill, 5. That is made ready by an Apothecary, 6. in a Apothecaries Shop, 7. where Drugs are kept in Drawers, 8. Boxes, 9. and Gally-pots, 10. And it is cither a Botion, 11. or Powder, 1 2. or ^?7/f, 13. or Trochisks, 14. or an Electuary, 15. Z*//?/ and Prayer, 16. is the best Physick. The Chirurgeon, 18. cureth Wounds, 17. and Ulcers, with Plasters, 1 9, qui tangit ipsius Arteriam, 3. & inspicit Urinam, 4. turn praescribit i1/(?i/- icamentutn in Schedula, 5. Istud paratur d. Pharmacopmo, 6. in Pharmacopolio, 7. ubi Pharmaca adservantur in Capsulis, 8. Pyxidibus, 9. & Lagenis, 1 o. Estque vel Potio, 1 1 . vel Pulvis, 12. vel PillulcB, 1 3. vel Pastilli, 14. vel Electuarium, 15. Diata & Oratio, 16. est optima Medicina. Chirurgus, 18. curat Vulnera, 17. & Ulcer a, Spleniis (emplastris), 19. A Burial. Sepultura. Dead Folks heretofore were burned, and their Ashes put into an Urn, \. We enclose our dead Folks in a Coffin, 2. lay them upon a Bier, 3. and see they be carried out in a Funeral Pomp towards the Church-yard,^. where they are laid in a Grave, 6. by the Bearers, 5. and are interred ; this is covered with a Grave-sione, 7. and is adorned with Tombs, 8. and Epitaphs, 9. Defuncti olim cremabantur, & Cineres recondebantur in Urna, i. Nos includimus nostros Demortuos Loculo, (Capuld), z. imponimus Feretro, 3. & curamus eflferri Pompd Funebri versus Ccsmeferium, 4. ubi inferuntur, Sepulchro, 6. a Vespillonibus, 5. & humantur ; hoc tegitur Cippo, 7. & ornatur Monumeniis, 8. ac Epitaphiis, 9. Y 166 J As the Corps go along Psalms are sung, and the Bells are rung, 10. Funere prodeunte, Hymni cantantur, & CampancB, 10. pulsantur^ A Stage-play. cxxx. Ludus Scenicus. In a Play-house, i. (which is trimmed with Hangings, 2. and covered with Curtains, 3.) Comedies and Tragedies are acted, wherein memorable things are represented ; as here, the History of the Prodigal Son, 4. and his Father, 5. by whom he is entertain'd, being return'd home. The Players act being in disguise ; the Fool, 6. maketh Jests. In Theatro, 1. (quod vestitur Tapetibus, 2. & tegitur Sipariis, 3.) Comedite vel Tragmdice aguntur, quibus repraesentantur res- memorabiles ut hie, Historia de Filio Prodigo, 4. & Patre, 5. ipsius, A quo recipitur, domum redux. Adores (Histriones) agunt personati ; Morio, 6. dat Jocos. (i6t) The chief of the Specta- tors sit in the Gallery, 7. the common sort stand on the Ground, 8. and clap the hands, if anything please them. Spectatorum primarii, sedent in Orchestra, 7. plebs Stat in Cavea, 8. & plaudit, si quid arridet. Sleights. CXXXI. Praestigiae. The Tumbler, 1. maketh several Shows by the nimbleness of his body, walking to and fro on his hands, leaping through a Hoop, z. &c. Sometimes also he darueth, 4. having on a Vizzard. The Jugler, 3. sheweth sleights, out of a Purse. PrcBstigiator, i. facit varia Spectacula, volubilitate corporis, deambulando manibus, saliendo per Circulum, 2. &c. Interdum etiam tripudiat, 4. Larvatus. Agyrta, 3. facit prcestigias h Marsupio. r i68) The Rope-dancer, 5. goeth and danceth upon a Rope, holdeth a Poise, 6. in his hand; orhangeth himself byjthe hand ox foot, 7. &c. Funambulus, 5. graditur & saltat super Funevi, tenens Halterem, 6. manu ; aut suspendit se mami \e.\ pede, 7. &c. The Fencing-School. CXXXII. Palestra. rrar *^4 ■^]m\ [|S3 I ILMUT tVt rrh. ^/f^^Jt^ ^ 1 1 iWi ^ ^^B SjL, 'H i ^^ ^ Fencers meet in a Duel in a Fencing-place, fighting with Swords, i. or Pikes, 2. and Halberds, 3. or Short-swords, 4. or Rapiers, 5. having balls at the point (lest they wound one another mortally) or with /wf edged-Swords and a Dagger, 6. together. Pugiles congrediuntur Duello in Palestra, decertanies vel Gladiis, i. vel Hastilibus, 2. & Bipennibus, 3. vel Semispathis, 4. vel Ensibus, 5. mucronem obligatis, (ne laedet lethaliter) vel Frameis & Pugione, 6. simul. (i6g) Wrestlers, 7.' (among the Romans in time past were nayked and anointed with Oyl) take hold of one another and strive whether can throw the other, ■especially by tripping up his heels, 8. Hood-winked Fencers, 9. fought with their fists in a ridiculous strife, to wit, with their Eyes coverered. Luctatores, 7. (apud Romanos olim Dudi & inuncti Oleo) prehendunt se invicem & annituntur uter alterum prosternerepos- sit, praeprimis supplantando, 8. AndabatcB, 9. pugnabant pugnis ridiculo certamine, nimirum Oculis obvelatis. Tennis-play. CXXXIII. Ludus Pilae. In a Tennis Court, i. they play with a Ball, 2. which one throweth, and another taketh, and sendeth it back with a Racket, 3. In Spharisterio, i. luditur^?7a, 2. quam alter mittit, alter excipit, & remittit Reticulo, 3. ( I/O ) and that is the Sport of Noble Men to stir their Body. A Wind-ball, 4. being filled with Air, by means of a Ventil, is tossed to and fro with the Fist, 5. in the open Air. idque est Lusus Nobilium ad commotionem Corporis. Follis (pila magna), 4. distenta Acre ope Epistomii, reverberberatur Pugno, 5. sub Dio. Dice-plav. CXXXIV. Ludus Aleae. We play with Dice, i. either they that throw the most take up all ; or we throw them through a Casting-box, 2. upon a Board, 3. marked with figures, and this is Dice-players game at casting Lots. Men play by Luck and Skill at Tables. in z.pair of Tables, 4. Tesseris (talis), i. ludi- mus vel Plistobolindam j vel immittimus illas per Frittillum, 2. in Tabellam, 3. notatam numeris, idque est Ludas Sortilegii Aleatorum^ Sorte & Arte luditur Calculis in Alveo aleatorio, 4. r 171 ) and at Cards, 5. We play at Chesse on a Chesse-board, 6. where only art beareth the sway. The most ingenious Game is the Game of Chesse, 7. wherein as it were two Armies fight together in Battel. & Chartis lusoriis, 5. Ludimus Abaculis in Abaco, 6. ubi sola ars regnat. Ingeniosissimus Ludus est Ludus Latrunculorum, 7. quo veluti duo Exercitus confligunt Praelio. Races. CXXXV. Cursus Certamina- Boys exercise themselves by running, either upon the/<:^, I. in Scrick-shoes, 2. where they are carried also upon Sleds, 7,. or in the open Field, making a Line, 4. which he that desireth to win, ought to touch, but not to run beyond it. Heretofore Runners, 5. run betwixt Rails, 6. Pueri exercent se cursu, sive super Glaciem, 1. Diabatris, 2. ubi etiam vehuntur Trahis, 3. sive in Campo, designantes Lineam, 4. quam qui vincere cupit debet attingere, at non ultrd procurrere. Olim decurrebant Cur- sores, 5. inter Cancellos, 6. ( >72.i to the Goa/, 7. and he that toucheth it first receiveth the/'«zi?, S.frotn Aim that gave the prize, 9. At this day Tilting (or the quintain) is used, (where a Hoop, 1 1 . is struck at with a Truncheon, 10.) in- stead of Horse-races, which are grown out of use. ad Metam, 7. & qui primum contingebat earn, acciptebat Brabeum, (pramium), 8. k Brabeuta, 9. Hodie Hastiludia habentur, (ubi Circulus, 1 1. petitur Lancea, 10.) loco Equiriorum, quae abierunt indesuetudinem. Boys Sport. CXXXVI. Ludi Pueriles. Boys use to play either with Bowling-stones I. or throwing a Bowl, 2. at Nine-pins, 3. or striking a Ball, through a Ring, 5. with a Bandy, 4 . or scourging a Top, 6. with a Whip, 7. Pueri solent ludere vel Globis fictilibus, i. vel jactantes Globum, 2. ad Conas, 3. vel mittentes Sphcerulam per Annulum, 5. Clava, 4. versantes Turbinem, 6. Flagello, 7. ri73j orshootingwitha Trunk,^. aod a Bow, 9. or going upon Stilts, 10. or tossing and swinging themselves upon a Merry-totter, 11. vel jaculantes Sclopo, 8. & Arcu, 9. vel incidentes Grallis, 10. vel super Petaurum, 11. se agitantes & oscillantes. CXXXVII. The Kingdom and the Region. Regnum Many Cities and Villages make a Region and a Kingdom. The XzVz^ or Prince re- sideth in the ^^z'^ C/;?)', 1. the Noblemen, Lords, and Earls dwell in the Castles, 2. that lie about it ; the Country People dwell in Villages, 3. Regio. Multae Urbes & -Pa^/" faciunt Regionem & Regnum. Rex aut Princeps sedet in Metropoli. 1. Nobiles, Barones, & Comites habitant in Arcibus, 2. circumjacentibus ; Rustici inPagis, 3. r 174; He hath his toll-places upon navigable Rivers, 4. and high- Roads, 5. vi\ie.T& Portage ■a.nA Tallage is exacted of them that sail or travel. Habet telonia sua '■\\\y.\z. Flumina navigabilia, 4. & Vias regias, ;. ubi Portorum & Vectigal exigitur a navigantibiis & iter facientibus. CXXXVIII. Regal Majesty. Regia Majestas. The King, i . sitteth on his Throne, 2. in Kingly State, with a stately Habit, 3. crowned with a Diadem, 4. holding a Scepter, 5. in his Hand, being attended with a Company of Courtiers. The chief among these, are the Chancellor, 6. with the Counsellors Rex, I. sedet in suo Solio, 2. in regio splendore, magnifico Habitu, 3. redimitus Diademate, 4. tenens Sceptrum, 5. manu, stipatus frequentid Aulicorum. Inter hos primarii sunt Cancellarius, 6. cum Consiliariis ri7s; and Secretaries, the Lord-marshall, 7. the Comptroller, 8. the Cup-bearer, 9. the Taster, 10. the Treasurer, 11. the High Chamberlain, 12. and the Master of the Horse, 13. There are subordinate to these the Noble Courtiers, 14. the Noble Pages, 1 5. with the Chamberlains, and Lacquies, 16. the Guard, 1^. with their Attendance. He solemnly giveth Au- dience to the Ambassadors of Foreign Princes, 18. He sendeth his Vice-gerents, Deputies, Governors, Treasurers, and Ambassadors to other places, to whom he sendeth new Commissions ever and anon by the Posts, 1 9 The Pool, 20. maketh Laughter by his toysom Actions. & Secretariis, Prcefectus Prcetorii, 7. Aulce Magister, 8. Pocillator (pincerna), 9. Dapifer, 10. Thesaurarius, 11. Archi-Cubicularius, 1 2. & Stabuli Magister, 1 3 . Subordinantur his Nobiles Aulici, 14. Nobile Famulitium, 15. um Cubiculariis, & Cursoribus, 16. Stipatores, 17. cum Satellitio. Solemniter recipit Legatos exterorum, 18. Ablegat Vicarios suos, Administratores, Prmfectos, Qucestores, & Legatos, aliorsum, quibus mittit Mandata nova subinde per Veredarios, 19. Morio, 20. movet Risum ludicris Actionibus. The Soldier. CXXXIX. Miles. If we be to make War Soldiers ■a.rt. lifted, i. Their Arttts are a Head-piece, 2. (which is adorned with a Crest) and the Armour, whose parts are a Collar,^. a Breast-plate, 4. Arm-pieces, 5 . Leg-pieces, 6. Greaves, 7. with a Coat of Mail, 8. and a Buckler, 9. these are the defensive Arms. The offensive are a Sword, 10. a two-edged Sword, 1 1 . a Falchion, 1 2 . which are put up into a Scabbard, 13. and are girded with a (?//-- . They fight at a distance with Muskets, 3 1 . and Pistols, 32. which are charged with Bullets, 33. out of a Bullet-bag, 34. and with Gun-powder out of a Bandalier, 35. {Fascia militaris, 16. inservit ornatui) Romphoea, 17. & Pw^/^, 18. In his est Manubrium,\^. cum Porno, 20. & Verutum, 21. Cuspidatum, 22. in medio Dorsum, 23. & Acies, 24. Reliqua arma sunt Hasta, 25. Bipennis, 26. (in quibus Hastile, 27. & Mucro, 28.) Clava, 29. & Cosstus, 30. Pugnatur eminus Bombardis (Sclopetis), 31. & Sclopis, 32. quae onerantur Globis, 33. 6 Theca bombardica, 34. & Pulvere nitrato h Pyxide pulveraria, 35. The Camps. CXL. Castra. r 178; J -When 2l Design is under- taken the Camp, i. is pitched and the Tents of Canvas, 2. or Straw, 3. are fastned with Stakes ; and they entrench them about for security's sake, with Bulwarks, 4. and Ditches, 5. Sentinels, 6. are also set ; and Scouts, 7. are sent out. Sallyings out, 8. are made for Forage and Plunder-sake, where they often cope with the Enemy, 9 in skirmishing. The Pavilion of the Lord General is in the midst of the Camp, 10. Expeditione sus- ceptd, Castra, i. locantur & Tentoria Lin- tels, 2. vel Stramentis, 3. figuntur Paxillis ; eaque circumdant, securitatis gratid Aggeribus, 4. & Fossis, 5. Excubice, 6. constituuntur; hEx- ploratores, 7. emittuntur. Excursiones, 8. fiunt Pabulationis & Praedae causd, ubi saepius confligitur cum Hostibus, 9. velitando. Tentorium summi Imperatoris est in medio Castrorum, 10. The Army and the Fight. CXLI. Acies & Prcelium. When the Battel I Quando Fugna ( 179 ) is to be fought the Army is set in order, and divided into the Front, i. the Rere, 2. and the Wings, 3. The Foot, 4. are intermixed with the Horse, 5. That is divided into Companies, this into Troops. These carry BauTiers, 6. those Flags, 7. in the midst of them. Their Officers are, Corporals, Ensigns, Lieutenants, Captains, g. Commanders of the Horse, 9. Lieutenant Colonels, Colonels, and he that is the chief of all, the General. The Drummers, 10. and the Drumslades, 11. as also the Trumpeters, 12. call to Arms, and inflame the Soldier. At the first Onset the Muskets, 13. and Ordnance, 14. are shot off. Afterwards they fight, 15. hand to hand with Pikes and Swords. They that are overcome are slain. 16. or taken prisoners, or run away, 17. They that are for the Re- serve, 18. come upon them committenda est, Acies instruitur, & dividitur in Frontem, 1. Tergum, 2. & Alas (Cornua), 3. Peditatus, 4. intermiscetur Equitatui, 5. Ille distinguitur in Centurias, hie in Turmas. Illae in medio ferunt Vexilla, 6. hae Labara, 7. Eorum Praefecti sunt, Decuriones, Signiferi, Vicarii, Centuriones, 8. Magistri Equitum, 9. Tribuni, Chiliarchce, & summus omnium Imperator. TympanistcB, 10. & TynipanotribcB, 11. lit & Tubicines, 12. vocant ad Arma & inflammant Militem. Primo Conflictu, BombardcE, 13. & Tormenta,i^. exploduntur. Postea pugnatur, 15. cominus Hastis & Gladiis. Victi trucidantur, 16. vel capiuntur, vel aufugiunt, 17. Succenturiati, 18. superveniunt out of their p/aces where they lay in wait. The Carriages, 19. are plundered. r '80; ex insidiis. Impedimenta, 19. spoliantur. The Sea-Fight. CXLII. Pugna Navalis. A Sea-fight is terrible, when huge Ships, like Castles, run one upon another with their Beaks, i. or shatter one another with their Ordnance, 2. and so being bored thorow they drink in their own Destruction, and are sunk, 3. Or when they are set on fire and either by the firing of Gun-powder, 4. Navale prcelium terribile est, quum ingentes Naves, veluti Arces, concurrunt Rostris, I. aut se invicem quassant Tor mentis, 2. atque ita perforatae, imbibunt perniciem suam & submerguntur, 3. Aut quuEdjigne corripi- untur, & vel ex incendio pulveris tormentarii, 4. ( i8i J men are blown up into the air, or are burnt in the midst of the waters, or else leaping into the Sea are drowned. A SMp that flieth away, 5. is overtaken by those th&t pursue her, 6. and is taken. homines ejiciuntur in aerem, vel exuruntur in mediis aquis, vel etiam desilientes in mare, suflFocantur. Navis fugitiva, 5. intercipitur ab insequentibus, 6. & capitur. CXLIIl. The Besieging of a City. Obsidium Urbis. A City that is like to endure a Siege, is first summoned by a Trumpeter, 1 . and persuaded to yield. Which if it refuseth to do, it is assaulted by the Be- siegers, and taken by storm. Either by climbing over the walls with Scaling-lad- ders, 2. Urbs passura Obsidionem, primum provocatur per Tubicinem, 1. & invitatur ad Depitionem. Quod si abnuat facere, oppugnatur ab Obsidenti- bus & occupatur. Vel muros per Scalas, z. transcendendo. (lS2j or breaking them down with Battering -engins, 3. or demolishing them with great Guns, 4. or breaking through the Gates with a Petarr, 5. or casting Granadoes, 6. out oi Mortar-pieces, 7. into the City, by Engineers, 8. (who lye behind Leagure baskets, 9.) or overthrowing it with Mines by Pioneers, 10. They that are besieged defend theraselves from the Walls, 11. with fire and stones, &c., or break out by force, 12. A City that is taken by Storm is plundered, destroyed, and sometimes laid even with the ground. aut diruendo Arietibus, 3. aut demoliendo Tormentis, 4. vel dirumpendo portas Exostra, 5. vel ejaculando Globos Tormen- tarios, 6. e Mortariis (balls- tis), 7. in Urbem per Balistarios, 8. (qui latitant post Gerras, 9.) vel subvertendo Cuniculis per Fossores, 10. Obsessi defendunt se de Muris, 1 1. ignibus, lapidibus, &c. aut erumpunt, \ 2. Urbs vi expugnata, diriditur, exciditur, interdum equatur solo. Religion Religio. Godliness, i. the Queen of Vertues, ■worshippeth God, 4. devout- ly, the Knowledge of God being drawn either from Xh& Book of Nature, 2. (for the work commendeth the Work-master) or from the Book of Scripture, 3. she meditateth upon his Commandmentscontained in the Decalogue, 5. and treading Reason under foot, that Barking Dog, 6. she giveth Faith, 7. and assent to the Word of God, and calleth upon him, 8. as a Helper in adversity. Divine Services Pietas, I. Regina Virtutum colit Deum, 4. humiliter, NoiitiEt Dei, haustd vel ex Libro Natura, 2. (nam opus commendat Artificem) , vel ex Libro Scripturm, 3. recolit Mandata ejuscompre- hensa in Decalogo, 5. & conculcans Rationem, oblatrantem Canem, 6. praebet Fidem, 7. & assensum Verbo Dei, eumque invocat, 8. ut Opitulatorem in adversis. Officia Divina r i84>» are done in the Church, g. in which are the Quire, lo. with the Altar, ii. the Vestry, \2. the Pulpit, 13. Seats, 14. Galleries, 15. and a i^cw/, 16. All men perceive that there is a God, but all men do not rightly know God. Hence are divers Jieligions whereof IV. are reckoned vet as the chief. fiunt in Templo, 9. in quo est Penetrate (Ady- tum, lo.) cum Altari, ri. Sacrarium, 12. Suggestus, 13. Subsellia, 14. Ambones, 15. & Baptisterium, 16. Omnes homines senti- unt esse Deum, sed non omnes rect6 ndrunt Deum. Hinc diversae Religiones quarum IV. numerantur adhuc primariae. Gentilism. CXLV. Gentilimus. The Gentiles feigned to themselves near upon XIIM. Deities. The chief of them were yupiter, I. President, and petty- God of Heaven ; Gentiles finxerunt sibi prope XIIM. Numina. Eorum prsecipua erant yupiter, I . Prmses & Deaster cceli ; r 185 J Neptune, 2. of the Sea; Pluto, 3. of Hell; Mars, 4. of War ; Apollo, 5. of Arts ; Mercury, 6. of Thieves, Merchants, and Eloquence ; Vulcan, {Mulciber) of Fire and Smiths ; y£olus. of Winds ; and the most obscene of all the rest, Priapus. They had also Womanly Deities : such as were Venus, 7. the Goddess of Loves, and Pleasures, with her little son Cupid, 8. Minerva {Pallas), with the nine Muses of Arts ; y^uno, of Riches and Wed- dings; Vesta, of Chastity; Ceres, of Corn ; Diana, of Hunting, and Fortune; and besides these Morbona, and Febris her self. The Egyptians, instead of God worshipped all sorts of Beasts and Plants, and whatsoever they saw first in the morning. The Philistines offered to Moloch,^, their Children to be burnt alive, The Indians, 10. even to this day, worship the Devil, IT. Neptunus, 2. Maris; Pluto, 3. Inferni; Mars, 4. Belli ; Apollo, 5. Artium ; Mercurius, 6. Furum, Mercatorum, & Eloquentiae; Vulcanus {Mulciber'), Ignis & Fabrorum; 2EoIus, Ventorum ; & obscaenissimus, Priapus. Habuerant etiam Muliebria Numina: qualia fuerunt Venus, 7. Dea Amorum, & Voluptatum, cum filiolo Cupidine, 8. Minerva {Pallas), cum novem Musis Artium ; J^uno, Divitiarum &Nup- tiarum ; Vesta, Castitatis ; Ceres, Frumentorum ; Diana, Venationum; & Fortuna : quin & Morbona, ac Febris ipsa. ^gyptii, pro Deo colebant omne genus Animalium & Plantarum, & quicquid conspicieban- tur primum mane. Philistcei offerebant Molocho {Saturno), 9. In- fantes cremandos vivos. Indi, 10. etiamnum venerantur Cacodcemona, ir. Judaism Judaismus. Yet the true Worship of the true God, remained with the Patri- archs, who lived before and after the Flood. Amongst these, that Seed of the Woman, the Messias of the World, was promised to Abraham, 1. the Founder of the y>7OT, the Father of them that believe: and he (being- called away from the Gen- tiles) with his Posterity, being marked with the Sac- rament of Circumcision, 2. made a peculiar people, and Church of God. Afterwards God gave his Law, written with his own Finger in Tables of Stone, 5. to this people 1. Verus tamem Cultus veri Dei, 1^ remansitapud Patriarchas^ qui vixerunt ante & post Diluvium. Inter hos, Semen iilud Mulieris, Messias Mundi, promissus est Abrahamo. Condi tori J^udceorum, Patri credentium : & ipse (avocatus a Gentilibus) cum Posteris, notatus Sacra- mento Circumcisionis, 2. constitutus singularis populus, & Ecclesia Dei. Postea Deus exhibuit Legem suam, scriptam Digito suo in Tabulis Lafideis, 5. huic Populo r '87 ; by Moses, 3 . in Mount Sinai, 4. Furthermore,he ordained the eating the Paschal Lamb, 6. and Sacrifices to be offered upon zxi Altar, 7. by Priests, 8. and Incense, 9. and com- manded a Tabernacle, 10. with the Ark of the Cov- enant, II. to be made: and besides, a. brazen Serpent, 12. • to be set up against the biting of Serpents in the Wilderness. All which things were Types of the Messias to come, whom the Jews yet look for. per Mosen, 3, in Monte Sinai, 4. Porro ordinavit manducationem Agni Pas- chalis, 6. & Sacrificia ofiFerenda in Altari, 7. per Sacerdotes, 8. & Suffitus, 9. & jussit Tabernaculum, 1 o. cum Area Fcederis, II. fieri : prseterea, ceneum Serpentem, 12. erigi contra morsum Serpentum in Deserto. Quae omnia Typi erant MessicB venturi, quem Judcei adhuc expectant. Christianity. CXLVII. Christianismus. The only begotten eter-j Unigenuus seicriius nal Son of God, 3. | Dei Filius, 3. r i88; being promised to our first Parents in Para- dise, at the last beinpf con- ceived by the Holy Ghost, in the most Holy Womb of the Virgin Mary, i. of the royal house of David and clad with humane flesh, came into the World at Bethlehem of J^udaa, in the extream poverty of a Stable, 2. in the fullness of time, in the year of the world 3970, but pure from all sin, and the name of Jesus was given him, which signifieth a Saviour. When he was sprinkled with holy Baptism, 4. (the Sacrament of the new Covenant') by ^i?>4« his Forerunner,;. in y^ordan, the most sacred Mystery of the divine Trinity, appear'd by the Father's voice, 6. (whereby he testi- fied that this was his Son) and the Holy Ghost in the shape of a Dove, 7. coming down from Heaven. From that time, being the 30th year of his Age, unto the fourth year, he declared who he was, his words and works manifest- ing his Divinity, being neither owned, nor enter- tained by the J^ews, \iec^^^se of his voluntary poverty. promissus Protoplastis in Paradise, tandem con- ceptus per Sanctum Spirit- um in sanctissimo utero Virginis Maria, 1 . de domo regid Davidis, & indutus humand carne, prodiit in mundum Bethlehemce J^udced, in summ4 paupertate Stabuli, 2. impleto tempore. Anno Mundi 3970, sed mundus ab omni pec- cato & nomen yesu impositum fuit ei, quod %\^Xi\^czX.Salvatorem. Hie, cum imbueretur sacro Baptismo, 4. (Sacramento novi Foederis) h, Uohanne prxcMTSore suo, 5. in y^ordane apparuit sacratissimum Mysterium Divinae Trinitatis, Patris voce, 6. (qui testabatur hunc esse Filium suum) & Spiritu sancto in specie Columbce, 7. delabente ccelitus. Ab eo tempore, tricesimoanno aetatis sux, usque an annum quartum, declaravit quis esset, verbis & operibus prae se ferentibus Divinitatem, necagnitus, nee acceptus a y-udceis, ob voluntariam pauperatem. ( 189; He was at last taken by these (when he had first instituted the Mystua/ Sup- per, 8. of/n's Body and Blood for a Seal of the new Covenant a.nd the remembrance of himself) carried to the Judgment- seat of Pilate, Governour under Ctesar, accused and condemned as an innocent Lamb; and being fastned upon a Cross, 9. he dyed, being sacrificed upon the Altar for the sins of the World. But when he had revived by his Divine Power, he rose^ain the third day out of the Grave, 1 o. and forty days after being taken up from Mount Olivet, 11, into Heaven, 12. and returning thither whence he came, he vanished as it were, while the Apostles, 13. gazed upon him, to whom he sent his Holy Spirit, 14. from Heaven, the tenth day after his Ascension, and them, (being filled with his power) into the World to preach of him; being henceforth to come again to the last J^udgment, sitting in the mean time Captus tandem ab his (quum prius in- stituisset Coenam Mysticaniy 8. Corporis & Sanguinis sui, in Sigillum novi Foederis, & sui recordationem) raptus ad Tribunal Pilati, Praefecti Ccesarei, accusatus & damnatus est Agnus innocentissimus; actusque in Crucem, 9. mortem subiit, immolatus in ar4 pro peccatis mundi. Sed quum revixisset Divini su^ Virtute, resurrexit tertia die h Sepulchro, 10. & post dies XL. sublatus de Monte Oliveti, 1 1 . in Coelum, 12. & eo rediens unde venerat, quasi evanuit, Apostolis, 13. aspectantibus, quibus misit Spiritum Sanctum, 14. de Ccelo, decima die post Ascensum, ipsos vero, (hac virtute impletos) in Mundum praedicaturos ; olim rediturus ad jFudicium extremum, interea sedens C 190 ) at the ri'gAi hand of the Father, and interceding for us. From this Christ we are called Christians, and are saved in him alone. ad dextram Patris, & intercedens pro nobis. Ab hoc Christo dicimur Christiani, inque eo solo salvamur. Mahometism. CXLVIII. Mahonietismus. Mahomet, i. a warlike Man, invented to himself a new Religion, mixed with yudaism, Christianity and Gentilism, by the advice of a yew, 2. and an Arian Monk, 3. named Sergius ; feigning, whilst he had the Fit of the Falling-sickness, that the Archangel Gabriel and the Holy Ghost, talked with him, Mahomet, 1. Homo bellator, excogitabat sibi novam Religionem, mixtam ex yudaismo, Christianismo & Gentilism0, consilio Judai, 2. & Monachi Ariani, 3. nomine Sergii ; fin gens, dum laboraret Epilepsia, Archangelum Gabrielem, & Spiritum Sanctum, secum colloqui, ri9i; using a Pigeon, 4. to fetch Meat out of his Ear. His Followers refrain themselves from Wine; are circumcised, have many Wives ; build Chapels, 5. from the Steeples whereof, they are called to Holy Service not by Bells, but by a Priest, 6. they wash themselves often, 7. they deny xh^Holy Trinity: they honour Christ, not as the Son of God, but as a great Prophet, yet less than Mahomet ; they call their Law, the Alchoran. adsuefaciens Columbam, 4. petere Escam ex Aure sua. As sec Ice ejus abstinent se k Vino J circumciduntur, sunt Polygami ; exstruunt Sacella, 5. de quorum Turriculis, convocantur ad sacra non a Campanis, sed a Sacerdote, 6. ssepius se abluunt, 7. negant SS. Trinitatem : Christum honorant, non ut Dei Piliufn, sed ut magnum Prophetam, minorem tamen Afahomete/ Legem suam vocant Alcoran. Gods Providence. CXLIX. Providentia Dei. ^■IIINIJJVMJ Mens States Humanae Sortes r«9 are not to be attributed to Fortune or Chance, or the Influence of the Stars, (Comets, 1. indeed are wont to por- tend no good) but to the provident Eye of God, 2. and to his governing Hand, 3. even our Sights, or Oversights, or even our Faults. God hath his Ministers and Angels, 4. who accompany a Man, 5. from his birth, as Guardians, against wicked Spirits, or the Devil, 6. who every minute layeth wait for him, to tempt and vex him. Wo to the mad Wizzards and Witches who give themselves to the Devil, (being inclosed in a Cir- cle, 7. calling upon him with Charms) they dally with him, and fall from God ! for they shall receive their reward with him. ) non tribuendae sunt Fortunce aut Casui, aut Influxui Siderum, {Comet ce, 1. quidem solent nihil boni portencfere) sed provido Dei Oculo, 2. & ejusdem Manui rectrici,-^. etiam nostrae Prudentice, vel Imprudentice, vel etiam Noxce. Deus habet Ministros suos, & Angelas, 4. qui associant se Homini,^. ^ nativitate ejus, ut Custodes, contra malignos Spiritus, seu Diabolum, 6. qui minutatim struit insidias ei, ad tentandum vel vexandum. Vae dementibus Magis &. Lamiis qui Cacodaemoni se dedunt (inclusi Circulo, 7. eum advocantes Incantamentis) cum eo colludunt & k Deo deficiunt ! nam cum illo mercedem accipient. The Last Judgment. CL. Judicium extremum. For the last day shall come which shall raise up the Dead. 2. with the sound of a Trumpet, 1. and summon the 'Quick with them to the 'judgment-seat of Christ Jesus, 3. (appearing in the Clouds) to give an Account of all things done. When the Godly & Elect,\. shall enter into life eter- nal into the place of Bliss, and the new Hierusalem, 5. But the Wicked and the damned, 6. shall be thrust into Hell,Z. with the Devils, 7. to be there tormented for ever. Nam dies novissima veniet, quae resuscitabit Mortu- os, z. voce Tub(B, 1. & citabit Vivos, cum illis ad Tribunal 'jfesu Christi, 3. (apparentis in Nubibus) ad reddendam rationem omnium actorum. Ubi/H (^justi) &.Elecii, 4. introibunt in vitam aeter- nam,in locum Beatitudinis & novum Hierosolymam, 5. Impii vero. & damnati, 6. cum Cacodtsmonibus, 7. in Gehennum, 8. detrudentur, ibi cruciandi aeternum. The Close Clausula. Thus thou hast seen in short, all things that can be shewed, and hast learned the chief Words of the English and Latin Tongue. Go on now and read other good Books diligently, and thou shalt become learned, wise, and godly. Remember these things; fear God, and call upon him, that he may bestow upon thee the Spirit of Wisdom. Farewell. Ita vidisti summatim res omnes quae poterunt ostendi, & didicisti Voces pritnarias Anglicce & Latince Linguce. Perge nunc & lege diligenter alias bonos Libros, ut fias doctus, sapiens, Supius. Memento horum ; Deum time, & invoca eum, ut largiatur tibi Spiritum SapienticB. Vale. INDEX TITULORUM. Cap. A. Pag. 141 . A cies& Praelium 178 6 ^ Aer 10 46 Agricultura 58 33 Amphibia 40 43 Animi hominis 54 19 Animalia & primum Aves ■ 24 7 Aqua 12 )3 Arbor 17 119 Arbor Consanguin- itatis 150 128 Ars Medica 163 91 Ars Scriptoria tiz 99 Artes Sermonis izi 52 Aucupium 65 24 Aves Aquaticae 30 22 Aves Campestres & Sylvestres 28 20 Aves Domesticae 25 23 Aves Rapaces 29 B. 74 ■palneum 91 95 Bibilopegus 117 94 Bibliopolium 116 C. 41 (^anales & Ossa 50 39 Caput & Manus 47 40 Caro & Viscera 49 140 Castra 177 147 Christianismus 187 4 Ccelum 7 53 Convivium 72 55 Coquinaria 68 135 CursusCertamina 171 D. 44 "TXeformes & Mon- strosi 55 2 Deus 5 96 Domus 82 106 ■gclipses 131 83 Eques 102 76 Equile 194 109 Ethica 36 108 Europa 134 F. 68 paber Ferrarius 85 63 Faber lignarius 79 64 Faber murarius 80 30 Ferae Bestiae 36 29 Ferae Pecudes 35 70 Figulus 87 1 5 Flores 20 113 Fortitudo 141 14 Fructus Arborum 18 17 Fruges 22 18 Frutices 23 G. 145 r>entilismus 184 102 Geometria H. ■promo 126 36 pjomo 43 77 Horologia 95 45 Hortorum cultura 56 115 Humanitas 144 72 Hypocaustum cum Dormitorio 89 I. 5 Jgnis 8 32 Insecta repentia 38 25 Insecta volantia 31 100 Instrumenta Musica 123 123 Interiora Urbis 156 Invitatio 1 146 Judaismus 186 124 Judicium 157 150 Jud'm extremum 193 28 Jumenta 34 116 Justitia 145 INDEX TITULORUM. L. 12 T apides 15 54 Lanionia 67 96 Liber 118 117 Liberalitas 147 61 Lintea 76 '34 Ludus Aleae 170 136 Ludi pueriles 172 '33 Ludus Pilae 169 130 Ludus Scenicus M. 166 65 ^achinae 81 148 Mahometismus 35 Marinae Pisces & ll^U Conchae 42 48 Mellificium 61 38 Membra Hominis Ex- terna 4'; 127 Mensurae & Pondera' 162 126 Mercatura 161 67 Metallifodina 84 1 1 Metalla 15 139 Miles 176 49 Molitura 62 3 Mundus 6 98 Museum I 20 N. 17 ^Sf^'^ts 107 90 Naufragium 11 1 88 Navis actuaria 108 89 Navis oneraria 109 8 Nubes 12 O. 143 Qbsidium Urbis 181 16 Olera 21 27 Oscines P. 132 palaestra 168 50 Panificium 63 92 Papyrus 113 71 Partes Domus 88 114 Patientia 142 27 Pecora 33 47 Pecuaria 59 105 Phases Lunae 130 101 Philosophia 125 78 Pictura 96 51 Piscatio 64 34 Pisces Fluviatiles 41 104 Planet. Aspectus 129 131 Praestigiae 167 149 Providentia Dei 191 110 Prudentia 137 142 Pugna Navalis 180 73 Putei 90 Q- z6 Quadrupedia kpri- e^ mum Domestica 32 R. 138 Degia Majestas 174 137 Regnum & Regio 173 144 Religio 183 81 Restio & Lorarius 99 62 Cartor 77 97 Schola 119 69 Scriniarius & Torna- tor 86 111 Sedulitas 139 42 Sensus externi & in- terni 52 37 Septum .^tat. Hom- inis 44 129 Sepultura 165 31 Serpentes & Reptilia 37 INDEX TITULORUM. ii8 Societas Conjugalis 144 121 Societas Herilis 153 120 Soc'tas Parentalis 152 79 Specularia 97 103 Sphaera coelestis 127 107 Sphaera terrestris 132 125 Supplicia Malefici- orum 159 63 Sutor 78 T. 112 "yemperantia 140 9 Terra 1 3 10 Terrae fcetus 14 60 Textura 75 75 Tonstrina 93 59 Tractio Lini 74 86 Transitus Aqua'm 106 93 Typographia 114 V. 85 ■yectura 105 84 Vehicula 103 53 Venatus 66 82 Viator 100 80 Vietor 98 56 Vindemia 70 122 Urbs 144 Z. 57 ^ythopoeia 71 An Index of the Titles. Chap. A. Page. 37 np^^ Seven Ages of Man 44 6 The Air 10 33 Amphibious Creatures 40 105 The Apparitions of the , Moon 130 141 The Army and the Fight 178 99 Arts belonging to Speech 121 104 The Aspects of the Pla- nets 1 29 B. 74 'TP/^i? Bath 91 75 The Barbers Shop 93 28 Labouring Beasts 34 30 Wild Beasts 36 143 The Besieging of a City 181 19 Birds 24 22 Birds that live in the Fields and Woods z8 23 Ravenous Birds 29 z I Singing Birds 27 41 The Chanels and Bones 50 96 A Book n8 95 The Book-binder 1 1 7 94 The Book-sellers Shop 116 69 The Box-maker 86 126 Boys Sports 172 50 Bread-baking 63 57 Brewing 71 129 A Burial 165 54 Butchery 67 AN INDEX OF THE TITLES. c. 103 '~rAe Celestial Sphere 127 140 The Camp \-j-j 84 Carriages 103 85 Carrying to and fro xo^^ 63 The Carpenter 79 27 Herd-Cattle 33 29 Wild- Cattle 35 41 The Chanels and Bones 5° 147 Christianity 187 123 A City 154 143 7%^ Besieging of a City 181 123 The Inward parts of a City 156 The Close 194 8 The Clouds 12 119 T!^!? Tree of Consan- guinity 150 55 Cookery 68 80 r-^tf Cooper 98 8 1 7%i? Cord-wainer 99 1 7 C(?r« 2 2 32 Crawling Vermin 38 33 Creatures that live as well by water as by land 40 31 Creeping things 37 D. 44 Y\eformed and mon- strous People 55 77 Dials 95 134 Dice -pi ay 170 III Diligence 139 45 7"/^^ Dressing of Gar- dens 56 E. 'T'/^i? Earth 13 131 81 134 106 The Eclipses 65 Engines 108 Europe F. 58 A i^?aj/ 72 132 7^/4^ Fencing- School 168 5 i^zVtf 8 5 1 Fishing 64 34 River-fish and Pond- fish 41 35 Sea-fish and Shell-fish 43 40 7"/^^ T^j-;^ a«(/ Bowels 49 1 5 Flowers 20 2 5 Flying Vermin 3 1 113 Fortitude 141 26 7^<7«r footed Beasts about the House 32 52 Fowling 65 20 Tame-Fowl 25 24 Water-Fowl 30 1 o T'/^if Fruits of the Earth 1 4 Fruits of Trees 1 8 G. 88 A (?a//q' 108 145 Gentilism 184 102 Geometry 126 2 (?^(/ 5 149 God's Providence 191 47 erasing 59 49 Grinding 62 H. 39 rP'''^ Head and the "-" 47 Hands 1 6 Pot-herbs 21 AN INDEX OF THE TITLES. 27 Jlerd- Cattle 33 4 Heaven 7 48 The making of Honey 61 83 The Horseman 102 66 ^ House 82 71 T/^if parts of a House 88 115 Humanity 144 53 Hunting 66 46 Husbandry 5 8 I. "y^^ Invitation i 1 00 Musical Insruments 123 146 Judaism 186 124 Judgment 157 150 The last Judgment 1,93 116 Justice 145 K. 137 np^^ Kingdom and Region 173 28 T abouring Beasts 34 117 Liberality 1 47 19 Living Creatures 24 59 The dressing of Line "] d, 61 Linen Cloaths 76 79 Looking-glasses 97 M. 148 TV/ra.^^»««/«OT 190 138 Kingly Majesty 174 36 Tlffl^ 43 3 7 7"/^^ aSiJW^^ ^.g"" of Man 44 38 J%^ outward parts of a Man 45 64 TVJ^ Mason 80 127 Measures and Weights 162 126 Merchandizing 161 8g ^ Merchant Ship 1 09 1 1 Metals 1 5 67 ^ Afzw 84 105 7",^^ Apparitions of the Moon 137 109 Moral Philosophy 136 100 Musical Inst' ments 123 P. 92 pa/ifr 1 13 1 6 Passage over Waters 106 1 14 Patience 142 loi Philosophy 125 109 Moral Philosophy 136 128 Physick 163 78 T/^^ Picture 96 34 Pond- fish 41 1 6 Pot-herbs 2 1 70 7%^ 7'