! iMivi««^».ir- j««wt*!-'i)&a>k, iiii)L« :;& 3« 80 "^ ^ l-u ^ » " « 9F° >i ^ B &>• •^ -'I i§ 2 o ^ a. H g.t) »5 n o tr" CO bd O GO O n I H ET Cl^ — B m t^ p 00 o "^ " 63 -^ B 9 • hH CD L_| 11=^ B-W B-4 ",^ CD P era " n- El CD 5 O ■a EC > Q o " O O •i n CA O Of Bg gs ^ o B"^ S- £.^ p CD 5 Eon log g.S-BJfO' •pS^I O fD ^ Q » ^ f-j e« Odd CO pp « » — S B P O pjB P r-^ p -. 2 a ^ g.3 »"^ g e4> p ^ OH a p O o 5 B rt B-g^3 p ™ H- " § " o o s s W-^ ^1 "13 « S"! •-*— . e*^* r- ^ ■" m e^ £ <^ 2 H ^ S-^ ^ a ? OS" 13 -.- g B*'''5 p CO ^ B o "■ «■ so P P P OB fO CD P 5 i_iCO Cg-cT >1 p !?• p-2."" ■ -•(» ST B CO < W Pj » o g. S-'S-P* 3 o t^ a p SB o « a a m a S-EO B" O O CO a B m 2 <» S^ i. ? :* T IS o (d m Q ?t- O fs§og iv,ggg O e-t P SB P* SE >-p4 O -, P B" on frill >■ era B Bi o o -< z m p vj 5,S 8 0*^0 Pis 1^ 2 =» O &I§1 K ^ S. ■-•> " ^ B-^ tra -■'Q o p -^g B S » S B 2 S. £ CO CD CO f-f. O SB'S, 00 S'fi >1 S B CD so h-» M DO CO P « rt- *4 P X 3 Ik !2} > 1: S Pi O 80 3 2 CO o' 2 crP D-P £. »^ 2 « T p ■-•» • on "^ r-" B- Hp b- ^B 2 tda p K 'o S o&« 5» 2- Kg-S, Si-2 o B. " «t- ~ P P-^ B- Oco P 2.0=9 U O 5 bd PQ :■>"> Cornell University Library The original of tliis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031272358 • i • J ♦Vhat to See, and How to See It. A Hand-Book Guide for Visitors .OtT^KJ." LONDON: iB. G. CLARKE AND CO., 2, GARRICK STRErET, COYEUW GARDEN^ W.C. NICOLL'S PltENI SHIRTS, SIX FORr40s. , Qombin^ ^e^ modern improvement, are elegaiit in appeart^cf, and of tlie be«l qwaHty and finish— a perfect fit ifi guaranteed^; and CARRIAGE PAID TO ANY BAIL WAY STATION jINJeNQLAND. Nicoll'B superior or Long Cloth Shirts, 6 for 408. Nicoll's New Designs in Flannel Shirts, 12s. 6d., best. NicoU's New Designs in French Shirtings, 6 for .45s. . jr . WcoirsEngUsljPlfcpefBrai^ ^ -; ^| If'ft'Vl ,^ : fMf«!DirsailLiiieiiCaiars,&yid40^p«raoaen." J J Jjil tf Nicoll's Elegant, Embroidered, and Dress Shirts fop Weddings and Erening Parties. A TO BE OBTAINED ONLY AT 42. REGENT CIRCUS, PICCADILLY, W., LONDON. Visitors to London— Wanted in every House I The "PRIMA DONNA" &.XS} * guineas. HAND MACHINES in great Variety, from 35/- The IMPROVED ARM MACHINE for Manufacturers, Tailors, Bootmakers, etc^ 9 Guineas. The "ALBERTA" Unequalled SILENT LOCK. fS'i'I'JbCH SEEING MACHINE. Price 6^ Guineas. Sg^uare Sjtand, 6 Guineas. THE CELEBRATED "EXCELSIOR" Sl^WING AND KMBUOiDERlISU (^ACHiNiS. Knotted KJastic Siitch, sewd Irom iwoordinarj reeiH, 6 uuinean^ ■ The ' TAMILY" {shii^ri'i.firne,} « «■"-- WHIGHT & MANN, li3, Holborn Bars, LONDON, E.C. MADAME TUSSAtTD'S. EXHIBITION, M: the. Bazaar, Baher Street.^ Lo^on-^BstSbli^hfid' riearjjpj a century. -T»e ' Time*,;, of April Uth, states: "In no »ther pi»c« in Europe are so many touohing and im- portant memorials of the great Emperor to be found ; even for a National Collection OUT gallant allies might be proud to possess the relics which are here preserved- Madame Tussanfl-fl Exhibition is without a rival, either here or on the Continent- uU who have attempted competition. have prov,ed *ut so many foils to set up the •aptrior attrnctions of her admirable cWlebtion^dfUe* hommet eelebret. - liidame^TUSSAtrD AND SON'S Exhibiticto, - _-.' BA'2AA,F5, ! BA.KER -STREET. ?i >•« tbe morning until 10 at nigbt. Admission, Is. ; Napoleon Room, 6d. .-"THe PtTBi-io are admitted, to t^ BRf»nHT|ftsstTii pn JIowbath WiDNMDATS, and .FtiDATs, between tlfe hout* of Tfen'atad'^nui'.-dttae the mcmihs of 'Ja'^narrr ^ebr&ary, !^oveiqben aiid December; from Ten tiH Five, faiit^ iMarob, Apri], $e^teinberi aiiid.'Qct(4}<&r!; aj)d from 1|!en till Si^ durinigi May, June, July, and August, The Bi¥ii?H ^us^iJiyis aJ(^opi|n ot{ S4.i^DA|r^, frpin^i^welvif tilj Six, during tht^ months (>f Iday, ^ne, and ilTuly. "" ^ ■ " Tersoiis* applying ftir tlje putposV of Study or feesearrfh iirt'^dlhAtJMil to-the' Reading Ro ftms every iday, from Nine o'clock in tb* M&Wil%4iritili Fo'ir in the Afternoon, lietweeri the 7th of September an'd the 1sT(>f~May;rand-tnitih '" Seven in the, Evening between the 7th of May and the 1st of September. Artists are admitted tu study in the Galleries of Sculptn^e, between the hours of 'Nine and Four, every day except Saturday. The Museum is closed from the 1st to the 7th of January, the 1st to the 7th of May, and 1st to theT'i of September, inclusive ; on Ash-Wedpesday, Good-Friday, and Ghristmas-day, and also on any special Fast or Thanks> givins Day, ordered % Authority. CLARKE^S LlTtLE MODELLER; - , OR, HOW TO MAKE THE CARD-BOARD" MODELS. Price Id. each, plain ; 6d, coloured. 22 How tq make a Model of a Water Mill 23 fHoiw to make a Model Village. 24: *- Lai:ge size. Fart 1 & 3. 25 /How to make a Model Rwlway. 26 \ Large size. Part 14 2. 27 How to make a Windmill at Work. 28 Homeward 'Bound. 29 Ho'w. to make a Model Velocipedie^ 30 Hdw to make a Model Whale Fishery 31 How tomakea Model Punch's Show. 32 Punch's Show; a Serio-ComicalTra- ' gedy, in Three Acts. • 83 -How to ma;ke a Marionette-Shdw. 34, Punch's Show.— Large siae. 35 The Ghost! The Ghost! Six startling - ' J JUnsiobl ■'■ , ', 86 Hojy; to make a Dioramic Show, ir H6W to make a eWnes^ sfidw-. ' 38 How to make a Fairy Fountain. |9 How to' make an' AiitoWatoii Leotar£ 40 How to make, a Model P6dltry Yardi 41 HoW; to jpajse a Cobbler's Stall 42 The Antomaton Dunning Si^ilpr W!l eminent physician and naturalist of his day, whs " directed that on his death, bis books, manuscripts, and collections, both of art and natural history, should be offered to Parliament for £20,000. The offer was accepted at his death in 1755; and the Act (26 .Greo, II.,) which directed the purchase, also directed the.purchase of the Harleian, Library of Man- uscripts ; and enacted that the Cottpnian labrary, which had been presspted tq the nation, in the reign, of William III., and deposited in t)ean's Yard, Westminster, should with these, forip one general collection ; to whiph at the same time George II. added a large library that had beer, collected by, the preceding sovereigns since Henry VIII. Jo accommodate the national property tjius accumulated, the Government rair,ed by lottery, the sum of, £100,000, of which £20,000, were devoted to purchase the above collections, and in 1754, Montagui; House, was bought of the Earl of Hs^lifax as a repository for the tlien infant establishment,-7^the cost of the purchase and necessary repairs and fittings being about £23.000. The British Mu&ETTMr w,as opened in the begin^ning of 1795. It would be tedious to furnish a complete list of th.e very numerous purchases and donations, by tlie aid -s/ which the institution has risen tp its present grandeur. In 1772, Parliament purchased Sir, William Hatnilton's collection of .Roman vases and curiosities.. The Townley Marbles were added in 1805,^wo years after which, was opened the Gallery of Antiquitie?. Colonel Gr^ville's minerals were purchased in 1812 ; the Elgin and.Phiga- leian Marbles came in, immediately on the .peace of 1815,-:-Dr. Burney's library was purchased in 1818, for a sum of £13,000 ; Sir Joseph Bants's library and herbarium were bequeathed in 1820 ; — Egyptian Antiquites were bought from Messrs. Salt and Sa.ms, to the amount of nearly £10,000 ;— ,and in 1823, King George IV. presented ,the splendid and eery valuabU ■library of his father, George III.,, comprising upwards!pf 70,000 yolHrnes, now deposited in a fine suite pf rooms :n the lower story of, the east, Vmj of the new building. S MITISH MDSEDM. [mTRODVCTIOil. Subsequent additions have annually been made at great expense, both te the Library and Galleries ; besides which, valuable donations have been iQade by Mr. Payne Knight ; Sir G. Wilkinson, tie., ; m_ 1 842, a large col- lection' of Marbles from jXanthus was {iresente'd by Mr.fEellows ; in . 1,846(, a 'most interesting and important "additidn was made by-the Arrival of the Budrun Marbles, which was secured to this country through the exertions of Sir Stratford Canning ; and more recently the Assyrian marbles, discovered by Mr. Layard, and the Carthaginian remains obtained through the exertions of Mr. Davis. The building in which thfc library and collections 5*ere originally deposited,' baving proved quite insufficient for their accommodation, Sir B. Smirke waa desired by the Trustees of the Museum to prepare designs for a new building more worthy of the collection and the nation. Th^ ,works were commenced in 1825 ; and in 1828 was coriipleted the eastern wing of a new building ■intended to inclose a square; the northeimi southern, and western sides of the quadrangle have since been progressively added. The last remains of the original building was removed in 1845; and the gallery, built in 1807, for the Townley and Egyptian Antiquities, was removed duri^ig the winter of 1846, to admit of the completion of the western side. The order of architecture adapted throughout the exterior of the building is Grecian Ionic, The southern facade consists of the great entrance portico, eight columns in width, and two intercotumniations in projection. On each side is an advancing wing, giving to the entire front an extent of 870 feet ; the whole surrounded by a colonnade of 44 columns, raised upon i stylobate ..5^- feet high ; the columns are 5 feet at their lower diameter, and 4bfeet high; ithe height from the pavemenefrof the front-court yard to the.top of the entabla- ture of the colonnade is 66^ feet. The level of the principal floor of the building is reached by a flight of twelve stone steps, at the foot of the portico 1 25 feet m width, terminating on each side with pedestals intended to receive colossal groups of sculpture. The tympanum of the portico is enriched with allegorical sculpture, by Sir ■Kichard Westmacptt, typical of " the progress of civilization." Commencing at the western end or angle of the pediment, Man is represented emerging from a rude savage state through the influence of Religion. He his next ,personifled as a hunter and tiller of the earth, and labouring for his sub- sistence. Patriarchal simplicity then becomes invaded, and the worship of the true God defiled. Paganism prevails, and becomes deifused by means of the Arts. The worship of the heavenly bodies, and their supposed in- fluence, led the Eg)'ptians, Chaldeans, and other nations to study Astronomy, typified by the centre statues ; the keystone to the composition. Civilization' 'is now presumed to have made considerable progress. Descending towards the eastern angle of the pediment is Mathematics, in allusion to Science ibeing now pursued on known sound principles. The Drama, Poetry, and Music balance the group of the Fine Arts on the western side, the whole terminating with Natural History, in which such objects or specimens only ■re represented as could be made most effective in sculpture. The present " Guide " gives a concise account of the contents of the ex- hibition roons in the several departments of Zoology, Minerals, Fossils, Botany, and Antiquities, and will be found to supply such information as is necessary for the generality of visitors to the collections, in additioa to that which is furnished by the labels attached to the various objects. i BWCfeANGC Ii*Li-Jr,.«| VIltTISH UDSEUH. EKTOANCE HALL AND STAIRCASE CkOBBiNO the spacious couit-jrard, the visitor gains admission by thfe principal entrance, ^nder the portico of the South Facade, by a carved oak door, nine feet wide, and torenty-four feet high. llie Entrance Hall is of the Grecian Doric order, sixty-two feet by fifty mte feet, and thirty feet high. The. ceiling is trabeated (cross beamed( deeply, coffered, and enriched with Greek frets, and other ornaments, painted in encaustic, in various coli^urs, most harmdciously blended : the large gold star upon a blue ground, in the centre of each coffer, has a superb effect. 1'he^ floor is laid with large squares of Portland etoiie, and small grey garble diamonds at their angles. To the left, as the visitor enters, ne^r the door which leads to the Gallery of Antiquities, is piaced, — Stat of thk latb Hon Mas. Dambr, holding in her hands • small tf.^ re of the Genius of the Thames. ' Vonjr with soft touch shall Darner's chisel chafm, , "itb. pace dcUeht us, and with beauty v^im."— Dr. Dmrwim. On tne east, side oi tiie Hall are the rooms devoted U) the Manuacripi Department at tiie entrance of which are placed,- BRITI8R lilTSKIHI. fUtlTUAyc* nAlU Statue of Shakspbre, by Ronbitiac, " More fall of wisdom, aod ridicnlc, and sogacltjr, tlmn bH tJie moni)i>tB and sating tfiat ever existed— he is more wild, airy, and iDventiTe, and more patnetic and fantast^ than all the poeta of all regions and ages of the world ; and has all these elements s^ happily mixed op in him, and bears bis high faculties so temperately, that the motf ■evere reader cannot complain of him for want of strength or of reason— nor the mos? Bensltive for defect of ornament or ingenuity. Everything in him is in unmeasureA abundance, and unequalled perfection — hut everything so bakmeed and kept m 8«li ordination, as not to jostle or distorb or tatke the place of another. The most exqntsita poetical conceptions, Images and descriptions, are given with such brevity, and ictio, duced with such skill as merely to adorn, without loading the sense they accompaDy, Altbongh his sails are purple and perfumed, and his prow of beaten gold, they waft on his voyage not less, but more rapidly and directly than if they had been composed of baser materials. All his excellencies, like those nf Nature herself, are shown onl together; and instead of interfering with, snpport and recommend each other, Kik flowers are not tied up io garlands, nor his fruit crushed into baskets— bnt spring living from the soil, io all the dew and freshness of youth . while the graceful foliage in which they lurk, and the ample branches, the rough and vigorous stem, and the wide-spread, ing roots on which they depend, are present with them, and shew in their ]riac«a, tbe equal caie of their creator I" — Lord Jeffery [Bequeathed by Garriclc to the Moseom, after the death of his widow. | Statue of the latb Right Hon. Sib Joseph Banits, Bart;, by Chantrey. " Posterity is likely to do scanty justice to the merits of Banks, when the grateful recol. lections of his contempoiraries shall liave passed away. His name is connected with no great discovery, no striking improvement ; and he has left no literary works from which th^ extent of his industry or the amount of his know.edge can be estimated. Yet be did ijiucKfor the cause of science, — much by his personal exertions,=>— more by a jadiciona- and liberal, use of the advantages of fortune, r ,Fpr more than half a century a aeatons and suc- cessful student oT natural history in general, and parliculairly of botany, the history of hii saentific life is to be found in the records of science during that long and active period.**' , [Presented by bis personal friends.] .At the Western extremity 6f the HaB is the Priiicipal Staircase. The centre flight is seventeen feet wide, and is flanked by pedekals of ^ey Aberdeen eraiiite, upon which will be placed' colossal seulptnre. The walls on either side of this centre fiigl.i are cased with red Aberdeen gra- nite, highly polished. Op the first landing are two bep.utiful vases,' on pedestals, of Uuddlestone stone; and the balustrades are of the same naterisj^ The walls and ceiling are painted in oil, and in encaustic colours , and the ceiling is trabeated, coffered, and decorated to harmoniui with the Entrance Hall. These decdratioiis have been executed by Messrs. CoUman and Davies. The rooms immediately enterea from this Staircase are those appro- 'pnated to the Zoplo^icid Department, which occupy, on the upper floor, the Eastern portion of the .^puth Front, and the whole of the Eastern' and Northern s! ies of the Quadrangle. LT8ln*klr.3'' BRITISH MOSEVM. S . The doorway on the light or east side of the Hall, and opposite to tfat Great Staircase, gives access to THE LIBRARY. The first room which the visitor enters, contains THE GRENVILLE UBBABY, eonsisting of 20,240 volumes, which cost its late owner upwards of £51,0001 On a pedestal in the centre of the right side of the room stands the bust of Mr. Grenville, by ComoUi, the gift of the Right Hon. Sir David Dandas, a Trustee of the British Museum. On the left side of the room are two table cases, wherein are laid out rare specimens of Block-Books. Although the immediate precursors of printing, Block-Books must not be regarded as the form in which the art first developed itself, but rather as the perfection of jinother art, which had prevailad for many years previously — that of engraving an wood — and perhaps of one particular form of it, that of card-making. On quitting the Grenville Room, the visitor enters THE MANUSCRIPT SALOON, where selections of Manuscripts, Charters; Autographs, Seals, and Oriqii^al DocuMENTSiare seep, arranged on either side, in glazed frames. On the left-hand side, from the doorway are frames containing English and Foreign Autographs. ,: . ■ ■ On the opposite side, returning to. the, entrance doorway, are seen a serie* of interesting Documents and. Autographs, including the. Autograph at William Shakespere. ,■, ,■ ■,..',.. , .■ > . ' '.'' In the centre, pf the I Saloon is, 3 large, glazed Table-Casfe, containing apecimenS of ,v»rious,Qriental Manuscripts," written in several languages, ana on .various subAtancesj .ti ..,|y; ; ■ ,■ ; To the south and north of the central glazect TaWe-Casej are placed two others ; the firSt containing, specimens of ornamental Uindings,' frorrt the ninth to the nineteenth century ;, and the other, pintaining a selection of Manuscripts remarka;ble 'for their antiquity .orilluipinatipns. On the east and west side^.of rtherpom, in four upright glazed cases against the pilasters, are exhibitedi someiClipice manuscripts. In the glazed Table jjjaggsjjpearithe entrance to the Library of George III., is arranged an extensive series of Original Seals, for the most part attachefl to ancierft chaHdrs, , . - ,: i . ■ Against ■ the waingcot, in the noitli-east and north-west corners of the tooni,, varioBS, Original ^Dpcuments of interjest are exhibited in glazed frames. The Visitor next enters THE ROYAL tIBEARY, ' ' ' ■■ , ,,, ,v .:■' ' . Built expressly to receive the noblfe fcolleetion of books formed by Gearge Tltt !md pfesented to the nation by His Majesty George IV. Theroyal c^lection _is remarkable not only for the judicious selection of the wbrks and the dij- 'eriminatihk choice of the editi(jns,'bttt for the' bibliographical ipeeulwities, ' 'and rarity" of ' the (^pies; ■" ' ,', . ..' , t ImlTIBH UOSCUN. [lIBEART.. On each side of the room are six table cases, numbered respectively IFT. to XIV. The books exhibited in the cases on the left side of the room illustrate the rise and eai'ly progr;ess of the art of printing ; those on the opposite side display certain peculiarities of printing, specimens of illustra- tions, of binding, or some featuie of special interest. The Books which are displayed in the show cases for the purpose of trac- ing the progress of the art of printing occupy Cases HI. to VIII., and are classed according to countries. This arrangement was necessary, because, although Germany took the lead, printing rapidly spread' itself into other countries, and was carried on contemporaneously and with surprising vigour. Having shown the progress of tlie typographic art in the fifteenth century, the next case (No. IX.) displays specimens of sumptuous printing — i.e. works printed upon vellum and on large paper — and also of fine printing of more recent date. The next step in the art, as displayed in Case X., is the Illustration of books. The Illustration of books by means of engravings on wood or copper is shown in Case XI. The illustrations from engravings on wood and copper are followed by two cases (No. XII. and XIII.,) containing a miscellaneous collection of literary curiosities and autographs, and the last {No. XIV.) comprises specimens of bookbinding from the sixteenth century downwards. DRAWINGS AND EKGBAVINeS. , Four screens have been fixed on each side, of the Royal Library, those oil the left hand (when entering from the Manuscript Department) being appro- priated to the exhibition of Drawings ; those on the right to Engravings. < ' The space available for the exhibition of these objects being necessarily circumscribed, the purpose has been to offer such a selection as shall give to the public an opportunity of tracing the development of design as shown in the sketches and studies of the great masters of Italy, Germany, Flanders, and Holland during the l.^>th, 16th, and 17th centuries. Screens I. and IL are devoted to the schools of Italy^ III. and IV. to those of Germany, Flanders, and Holland. The arrangement of the Engravings is such as will afford the opportunity «f comparing the contemporaneous productions of the principal masters of the Schools of Italy, Germany, Flanders, and Holland, from the middle of the 15th, to the end of the 16th century. These are followed by a selection of a few of the 17th century, with specimens of Etchings by their most dis- tinguished painters, who so enthusiastically and so successfully practised that branch of art at the same period. Some fine exajnples by the Italian workers in Niello, consisting of engraved silver plates, sulphur casts, and impressions on paper, are shewn in the glazed cases marked I. and II., and in III. and IV. are early Italian and German Wood blocks, printed in Chiaroscuro. , The library has been twic« counted. .The first time on the 25th of July, 1838, when the number of printed volurties was ' found to be 235,000, and again on the I5th of December, 18+3, at which period they had increased to 434,000. They are now about €00,000, and the annual increase is not less than 20,000 volumes. Having -pissed through the King's Library, the visitor proceeds up stairs to the galleries containing specimens of natural history and objects of tntiquity. GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. Which don mend nature, change it rather, but Ihe art iUeU ia nature."— Suakipiabi. Prhis iidftlon of the MuseuM,' which was tnt oppned ' as A separate department, fn IBOT* •riGTinally consisted only or the marbles formerly belonging to the late Mr. Townley and SIff Bans 3loane ; some few monuments from Egypt, ceded at the capitulation of Alexandria ; ftnd'the vases. 'curiosities. JccreAovei^^d from Pompeii and Herculaiieum' (cities buried a.». 76, during an eruption of Tesuvius), and purchased from Sir W. Hamilton; 'it has, howeyer, been subsequently so much enlarged, partly by presents and bequests, but chietiy by purchase (at a cost exceeding £80,000), from thfr Earl'of Elgin, Messrs Salt, Sams, Durand, Brondsted, Campan^rlj &,9.>4bat ip hasb^e^ome pne of the naost valuably and extensive galleries in 3surop& So far ad'the'arrange'ment has bf!cnCE)rri>?d, the collection:^ ar^ so disposed ns to admit oi 'beTng visited,' with few exceptionb^ Inchrunological order, from tbe^earliest monuments of the Egyptian Pharaohs down to the liiitest memqrl.uls of the Roman domlniou in tills country.] ' The Galleryof ^^ntiquities, tlje entijarice to wjfiicli is by a door to the left of the princip4 entrance, is divAd^d info two series. The first, consisting of Sculpture, including Inscriptions and Arehitectural remains, occupies, on the Ground Floor, the South- Westemliand' Wes.tern portion of the, Quadrangle, and some rooms in the Bas^ipie;nt,,njOj^, originally intended for exhibition; and is dlus arrjin^ed : — ; , 1. The Roman (jAllert. /' ! i ' 2. The Gk.eco-Rqman Saloons. 3. The LtciaN' Gallery. 4. The Elgin Saloons, ■ 5. The H;Ei,lenio Room. 6. Tbe Assyrian Galleries. 7. The Egytian jS'ALopN, 8. The Ante-Room, Leaving the Ante-topm to ,the Egyptian Saloon, the visitor wijl ascend, at the North- West angle, a spacioiis 'flight of stairs leading to th^ Western Gallery, in which the smaller Egyptian, Greek, and Roman Antiquities, auch as Vases and Terracottas, Bronzes, Coins, and Medals, and articles of personal or domestic use, are arranged as followed : — 1. The Vestibule. 2. The Egyptian Rooms. 3. The Temple Coli^otion. . _ 4. Tub Etruscan, ftooMs. 5. The Bronze Room. 6. The British and MEB.ffi:iEVAi. Room. 7. The Ethnographical Room. Imnediateljr to the M of tbe pT:nci|iai entrance is th« Rohan Gallcmt. BRITISH UUSEUM. [rOUAH alLLEIlt ROMAN GALLERY. [The marble* In Ihit splended collection are principally from the Gallery of the late Gharl«t Townley, Esq.. ay whom they were acquired during a residence of some years iu Italy ; and at his deathf in 18iO, his classical treasri res. were parchased by the natiqii. for the. sum o^jC28,000. These marbles, piahy of which were procured by excaVatlons on the site of Haariq.n's Villa, near TivoU, that of Ahtoniniis Pius at Lanuvium* and the baths of 'Glaudirs at Ostia, — com- prise some of the finest extant specimens of tireclan and GrsDCO-Roman art from tJM PhldlM era to the time of Trajan an4 the Antoninei ;— i.;. from B.O..450. to A.s. 116.] AMGLO-ROMAN ANTIQUITIES. [On the South side of the room, under the windows, are miscellaneous Roman AntiqnltM ilecOTered in this country. On the opposite side is the series of Iconography, or portrait ficulptures, whether statues or busts. .Bach wall is divided b7 pilasters into six compartmenta,] Immediately to the left, on,«nte(i'ng, are seven pigs of l«gd, marked witk Roman iiamoa- Part of a Roman mosaic pavement. COHFtKTHENT I. On the wall: portion of a tesselated pavement ; the head of Neptune. Underneath ; ancient sarcophagus of cylindrical shape, with base and cover of mile unhewn stone, having in the centre a small hole. In front of First Pilaster, — A Roman altar. COUPARTMENT II. On the wall: portions of tesselated pavement; birds and animals. Underneath ; Roman sarcophagtis, found at Binstead, Hants. Two Roman altars, with bas-reliefs. /■ front of Second Pilatter. — A Roman altar. COMPARTMENT lit. On the wall : two portions of the Wilhington pavement, and a ftagement of ■ tesselated pavement discovered at Woodchester, Gloucestershire. Underneath : Roman sarcophagus, found at Soiithfleet, Kent. Two Sepulchral Tablets. Two Roman altars. /* front of Third Pilaster. — A Roman altar. COMPARTMENT IV. A Roman sarcophagus; discovered in Haydon Square, l^inories, in 185S. In front of Fourth Pilaster. — A Ronian altar to iEsculapius and Fortuna. COMPARTMENT V. Terminal Ornament, probably the end of the lid of a large sarcophagus. Portion of the upper stone of a Roman mill. I* front of Fifth Pilaster. — An altar with a Greek inscription, dedicated by Diodora to' the Tyrian Hercules. COMPARTMENT VI. Sepulchral Tablets and Inscriptions. Against the Western wall, is a large basin in form of half an octagon \ on four of the sides are sculptured busts in high relief, viz, Venus holding n mirror; Jupiter; Mercury with a caduceus ; and Mars with a spear. Fragment of a smalt statue. Attached to the upper wall on the North sije, are six specimens of Roman mosaic pavement. Those in Compartments VII — IX. were discovered in Loniion; • ud those in. Compartments X — XII., at Abbot's Ann, iu Hampshire. SOMAN QALLERT. BRITISH MUSEUM. ROMAN ICONOGRAPHY. [The aeries of Soman portraits is arranged chronologically, on the north side of the gallarj. The figures within brackets, indicate the dates whererer Icnown, of tiie birth and death cf the person represented i the intermediate date, in the esse of anBoperor, is that of his accession.] COMPARTMENT VII. Draped bust of a>boy. Bust of a middle aged man, with a belt crossing his right shoulder. Colossal terminal bust of a young person with dishevelled hair. Male head, quite bald. Bust of a child undraped. In front of the Pilaster. — Statue of heroic size, representing a Roman person- age draped in the toga, and wearing a pecular kind of buskin. COMPARTMENT VIII. Head of Julius Caesur (b.c. 101 assasinated 44). Head of Augustus (b.c. 63, Imp. A.D. 14). Head of Tiberius (b.c. 42, Emp. a.d. 14 — 37). Head of Nero (a.d. 37i Imp. 54—68). Bust of Domitia, wife of the Emperor Domitianus. In front of the Pilaster. — Draped- male figure without a head, mutilated. COMPARTMENT IX. Bust of Trajan, undraped (a.d. 52, Imp. 98 — 117). Bust of a barbarian chief- tain. Bust of Hadrian in military costume (a.d. 76, Imp. 117 — 138). Head of Antinous the favourite of Hadrian, in the character of Bacchus (died a.d. 132-3). Bust of Hadrian undraped (a.d. 76, Imp. 117—138). Injront of the Pilaster, — Statue of Hadrian, of heroic size, in a richly orna- mented armour, with the paludamentum. comfabtuent X. Bust of ^lius Cesar, the adopted heir of Hadrian, in a military costume (died A.D. 131.) Bust of Julia Sabina, the wife of Hadrian (died a.d. 137). Unascer- tained female bust. Bust of a lady named Olympias, in a rich dress. Bust of An- toninus Pius, in military costume (a.d. 86. Imp. 136—161). In front of the Pilaster. — Statue of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, in civil cos- tume (a.d. 121, Imp. 161—180). compartment XI. Bust of Marcus Aurelius, veiled, and crowned with a wreath of corn, as one of the Frutres Armies. Bust of Annia Faustian, the younger, wife of Marcus Aurelius (a.d. 140 — 176). Bust of Lucius Verus, the colleague of Marcus Aurelius (A.D.1S0, Imp. 161 — 169). Bust of a man. Bust' of Septimius Severus wearing the paludamentum (a.d. 145, Imp. 193 — 211). In front of the Pilaster. — Statue of a person in military costume. compartment XII. Bust of Caracalla (a.d. 185, Imp. 211—217). Bust of an unknown middle aged man. Bust of an unknown woman. Bust of Gordianus I., (157i Imp, 238). Bust of Otacilia Severus wife of the Emperor Philippus I. 10 BRITISH MUSEUM. ROOM II.] FIRST GR^CO-ROMAN SALOON. [This and the two succeeding Hooms are appropriated to statues, busts, and l:as-rellef^, Oi the.mixed class wmed Grteco-Roman, consisting of worlts discovered (so far as it is knovrn) in Italy, but ow>!ig their origin and character, either directly or mediately, to the Greek schools of sculpture. Some few of these may^ perhaps, be original monuments of tbe autono- mous or anti-Roman period of Greece, afterwards transported by the conquerors to their own country, but the majority were certainly executed in Italy during the Imperial tiiqes, though generally by Greek artists, and in many instances copied, or but slightly varied, from earlier Greek models.] The present room contains the first portion of the mythological series, con- aisting of all the examples of the Twelve Olympian Deities, with their several modifications in the Greek and Roman Pantheon. The description commences from the northern, or right-hand side of the vrestern door, which faces the en- trance. The Greek names of the divinities,Jare added within brackets. Head of Jupiter (Zeus), of the type termed M^iUchios, or Mild. Bust of Jupiter, undraped, heroic size. ■ Bust of Jupiter Serapis, draped; on his bead a modius. Small statue of Jupiter, draped and enthroned, combining with liis Olympian attributes, the figure of Cerberus, a symbol of Pluto (Hades). Small statue of Hecate, a mystical combination of Diana, Luna, and Proserpina. Head of Minerva, heliheted. Statue of Ceres (Demeter), with some of the attributes of Isis. Bust of Minerva (Athene), with helmet and drapery restored in bronze. Colossal head of' Minerva, with a close fitting helmet. Very fine colossal head of Minerva, in the early Greek style. Terminus of a boy, in the character and under the tutelage of Mercury. Terminal bust of Mercury.j South Wall. — Votive tablet, with a seated figure of Mercury, Bust of Diana (Artemis). ' Small statue of Diana, attended by a hound. Fine statue of Diana, hurling a javelin. Head of Diana. Torso of Venus (Aphrodite). South Wall. — Votive t»blet to Apollo. Head of Venus. Statue of Venus preparing for the batb« in tbe attitude of the Medician Venus. Small statue of Venus. Head of Apollo, remarkable for its beauty. Small torso of Venus, stooping. South Wall. — Apollo Musagetes and Victory. Head of Apollo. Head of Apollo with hair in formally divided ringlets. Bust of Juno, (Hera), with the spledone. In the Assyrian transept are temporarily placed the following representations of human personages. They are of two classes, generic and individual. The following are generic \ representations : — ) Small statue of an Egyptian Tumbler, prac- tising his art upon the back of a tame crocodiled BOOM III.] BRITISH MUSEUM. u Small statue of a Fisherman, carrying a round leatliern basket, suspended from his left arm. The head is covered with a mariner's bonnet. Small statue of a Fisherman, in a rough woollen garment htlditginhis right hand a small fish, and in his left a basket. The action is spirited, and the gen- eral composition as graceful as is consistent with the character of the person. Small statue of a Comic Actor, seated, wearing a mask. Kesembling some of those worn by the actors in low comedy among the Romans. Mutilated group of two boys, quarrelling over the game of astragali, or osselets. Of one of the figures the right hand and part of the arm alone remain. Tlie individual representations, or portrait^, are as follows: — Terminal bust of Pericles, (b.c. 417 — 429), helmeted, and inseribed with his name. Bust of Demosthenes (b.o. 384 — 322). . Terminal bust of Periander (7th "Century B.C.) sage, and tyrant of Corinth. Bust of an old man, believed to be Hippocrates, the Physician. Bust of Diogenes, the Cynic Philosopher. Terminal bust of Epicurus, the Philosopher (b.c. 342—270). Terminal bust of Homer, in advanced age, wearing a 4llet, or diadem. Bust of Sophocles, the Greek Tragedian. Statue of a Young Man, of very fine workmanship. Bust of Aratus, the Poet and Astronomer. SECOND GR^CO-BOMAN ROOM. On either side of this room is a seraicirculur recess, in nhich are placed the two following beautiful statues : — Statue of Venus, or rather of Dione, the mother of the Goddess of Beauty, naked to the waist, and covered with drapery theose downwards. This figure it Is said, w.as declared by Canova, to be the fiiteit sculptured model of female beauty, he had seen in Emgland. Statue of a Discobolus, or Quoit player, in. tbe attitude of throwing l}i& discui, or quoit, of Pentelic marble, supposed to be ( ti'^y of the celebrated btonie vtatue of Myron. u BRITISH MUSEUM. [room IV THIRD GR^CO-ROMAN SALOON. [This Room contains the remainder of the mythological series, consisting of the representa- tions of divinities of inferior rank to the Olympian cycle, demigods, heroes, and personages associated with religion, poetry, or mysticism, in the Greek and Roman creed. The descripticik commences from the north-west door, leading to the Lycian Saloon.] Terminal statue of an Hermaph- .'odite, feeding a bird with grapes. The term hermaphrodite, is com- prised of two words, Hermes, Mer- cury, Aphrodite, Venus. Bust of Atys, the favourite of Cybele, worshipped especially in Fhrygia, in the cap cGmmonly known as the " Phrygian." Small statue of Actaeon, defend- ing himself from his two dogs Melampus and Ichobates, at the moment when his transformation is commencing. The horns of the stag are represented sprouting from his head. Small terminal statue of the .FhiEnecian goddess Venus Architil, the 'Assyrian Venus mourning for Adonis. Small bas-relief; four men enga- ged in cooking, Mithraic group, representing a 'w In Phrygian attire sacrificing a '4 m^K JIOOM IV.] BRITISH tlUSEUH. IS Statue of a youth, probably a priest, ot; attendant of Mithras, the Persian deity of the sun, (wrongly restored as Paris). Bas-relief; a heroic procession. Small mithraic group. The Persian Mithras (the sun), slaying a bull, with a dedicatory inscription. Male bust, of heroic type, undraped. Bust of a youth, probably Adonis, or Atys. Bas-relief representing the Apotheosis of Homer. At the top appears Jupiter, seated on a rock, probably intended for Mount Olympus; below him are the Nine Muses, and Apollo Musagetes; and at the bottom the Poet is represented seated in state before a group of figures, denoting votaries about to offer sacrifice and pay other honours to the new deity. Fragment of an alto relievo. Bust of an Homeric Hero, probably Menelaus. Bas-relief; the Centaur Nessus, carrying off Dejanira. Small statue of a Muse, seated on a rock, on which she also rests a lyre held with her left hand. The Greek epithet signifying Harmony or the giver of harmony is inscribed on the plinth. Head of a Muse. Beautiful statue of Thalia, the Pastoral and Comic Muse, crowned with a chaplet of Ivy, the usual reward -of poetic merit. The right hand holds the pedum or pastoral stafl, the crook of which rests upon the hip. It was the province of Xhalia to preside over the delineations of men and manners. Head of a Muse crowned with laurel. Bas-relief; two youthful horsemen, perhaps Castor and Pollux, the twin sons t>f Jupiter and Leda. Small statue of a Muse, seated upon a rock, and playing on a lyre. Female bust, commonly known as Dione, the Titan, mother of Venus. Head, believed to be that of a wounded Amazon. Mutilated statue of Hymen, on the head is a wreath o f flowers. Bust of a young and beautiful woman, commonly called Clytie ; gracefully •terminated by the flower of the Nymphean lotus, on which it appears to rest. Bas-relief; Castor, with a horse and dog. Recumbent statue of Endymion, the favourite of Diana, sleeping on a rock. On his head is the petasus, tied under his chin. His right arm, uplifted, rests its hand upon his head, while the left hand is raised to the fibula by which lii offering his patron some grapes. Small statue of a Satyr. Terminal bust of the bearded Bacchus, wearing a diadem. Unknown head, possibly Bacchus. Terminal heads of Bacchus and Libera joined back to back. Terminal statue of the bearded Bacchus, wearingja diadem. Small statue of Pan, in his pastoral character, playing ou a tibia or pipe. Statue of a youthful Satyr. Small statue of a beardless Satyr. Head of a beardless Satyr, laughing. • Bast of a youthful Satyr. Terminal statue of a Satyr. Head of a Mi'nad, or Bacchante, the hair tied in fantastic knots. Bas-relief of a Bacchic procession or ■j danee ; a Bacchante, loosely draped, and playing the tanibourin, is fallowed by a Satyr, blowing a double pipe. Statue of a Satyr, or Silenua, naked- Fine statue of a Satyr, commonly known as the " Rondinini Faun ;" entirely undraped and in a dancing attitude. Bas-relief of Bacchus and his attendants visiting Icarius, king of Attic^. Small statue of a recumbent Fan, with goal's legs. Small statue of Pan, of the usual grotesque type, holding; a pedum. ^ Caryatid statue, heroic sise, representing a female bearing on her head a modiui. Small statue of Fortune (Tuche), draped in a tunic and pepl'is ; on her head a modius, in her right hand a rudder resting on a globe, in ner left a carnucopia filled with corn and fruit of varioijs kinds. The rud- der resting en, the glol^e, may be regarded as the sym- bol of the universal dominion of Fortune over the affairs of this yorld. Bas-relief,' probably an ex vpio, symbolical of the rites of thegodbf Lampsacus; representing a terminus of that deity, with a syrenx ani pedum a funereal col- umn, a stork (tlie symbol of ,petiy) and three geese. Head of heroic character. The adjoining staircase leads to the Gr.£Co-Roma.>i Baseuemi; Rooh. 16 BRITISH MUSEUM. BASEMENT BOOH.] GE^CO-EOMAN BASEMENT EOOM. [This apartment is appropriated to miscellaneous monuments of the Greeco-Roman series, of subordinate rank to tlie ideal or historical sculptures; such as representations of animals, architectural or decorative fragments, and articles of actual use, religious or secular. They are arranged in classes, to illustrate their original application or employment.] I. Vases, and Fragments of Vases. At the foot of the staircase is a large Vase, or Taxxa, Jwith handles terminating in swans necks. Notice, a fine oval vase, ornamented with Bacchanal figures. In the first window, a bowl used for libations; on the inner side is repre- lented a Bacchante. II. Labra, cisterns, or basins. Notice, a cistern of green basalt. III. Candelabra, and fragments of Candelabra. Notice, a finely ornamented tandelabrum ; and the triangular base of a candelabrum. IV. Animals. Notice, group of two greyhounds, life-size, seated and fondling each other; a Swan in red marble ; a small Eagle ; a head of a Goat ; a bas-relief of a Cow suckling her calf, and drink- ing. V. Votive Human Feet. Hotice a colossal Foot, supposed to be from a statue of Apollo. VI. Trapezaphora, or support! for tripodial and other tablet. Notice, a Trapezaphoron formed of a lion's head and leg. VII. Semicircular sundial. BASEMEN! ROOm] BRI-.ISH MUSEUM. 17 Vlll. Domestic Fountains. Notice, a small Fountain in the form of a square basin, with an elevation in the centre, ornamented with sculptured shells and heads of animals j and a Fountain in the form of a shaft decorated with foliaf e. IX. Masks. Nttice, several specimens of Comic and Trajic masks ; and a marble panel, revolving on a pivot, sculptured on both sides with Masks, and intended for a window or yeniilator. X. Sculptured Discs, originally suspended as architectural ornaments. Their subjects are chiefly Bacchic. XI. Altars. On each side of the room are altars dedicated to various divin- ities, one being to Fortuna Redux, lor the safe return from some expedition of the imperor Septimius Severus and his family. XII. Cippi, or low square columns, erected by the Ramans for various pur- poses, chiefly monumental. XIII. Marble-chair, used for the vapour bath. XIV. Architectural Fragments and Decorations. Notice, an ornamenlat Con- ■ole, with a small figure of Victory; and on each side of this, a small group representing Victory alighting on the back of a bull, which she is about to immolate, her hair and slight drapery.still inflated with the breeze. On the floor is placed, part of a mosaic Favement,repreaenting the head of Neptune. In the centre of the room, is a Model of the Coliseum at Rojme ; and in the sixth recess, a Model of the temple of Vesta, at Tivoli. Returning to the head of the staircase the door on the left leads to the Ltcian Gallekt. LYOIAN ROOM. ' BKITISH MtSEUM, Upcian Eoom« [Th^e valuable Sculptures, scarcely inferior to those in the Elgin collection, were ciis- covered in 1841, bythatze^ous classical archseologist, Sir C. FeUowes, in or near Xanthus^ the ancient capital of Lycia, one of the south-west provinces of A^ia Minor, inhabited, by a mixed population of an aboriginal race, called Solymi and TermilsB ; and by the Greeks,, who had colonised it at an early period before the epoch of the Trojan war : and under the direction of that gentleman they were removed from that country by two ^peditions undertaken by her Majesty's government, in the years 1842 — 18^. They consist of sculptured remains, ranging in date from the subjugation of the country by the Persians, B. c. 545, to the period of ihe Byzantine Empire, and are probably three centuries older than those from the Parthenon at Athens. Of great intrinsic value as works of art, they are of greater impoi'tance in enlightening much that has hitherto been obscure with Tespect to Lycia.] • 1. Bas-reliefe from the so-qalled Harpy toir , which stood on the AoropolJs of Xanthus, close to the Theaije. The sculptures, as seen by the model pkced : near it, decorated the four sides of a rectangular solid shaft, about .sewenteeu S 33 BRITISH MCrSEUl . ^WCIAN llOOM. feet liigh, Tveighing eighty tons, and supported a roof with a moulding, inclosing a chamber seven feet six inches square, entered by a small low door on the west . side. This monument was never finished, the projection for raising the shafS. still remaining, and the shaft having been polished only half-way up. Its base was shaken; probably by one of those earthquake? by which the country it known to have been visited, and two of the slabs on the western side thrown, on the ground. The scene on the west side [i.] has been supposed to represent Hera or Juno seated, and holding a cu^ before the sacred cow of-lo and Epaphus, Aphrodite, and the three Charities or Graces. . On the east side, [a] Tantalus bringing to Pandarus in Lycia the golden dog stolen from Crete. Oa. the north side, [e\ at the comers, are two Harpies flying away with two of the daughters of Pandarus, having been sent for uiat purpose by Zeus, to avenge the theft and peijury of their father ; a third daughter, Aedon, who was saved from destruction, is represented fallen on her knees and deploring the fate of' her sisters. On this side also is a seated divinity, conjectured to be iZeus, or Pluto, under whose chair is an animal, either a bear or a boar ; before him stands an armed man ; they hold a helmet between them. On the south side, [d] Bt the comers, are two Harpies bearing oflf two of the daughters of Pandarus. In the centre is a seated divinity, supposed to be Zeus ; and a female offering & dove, perhaps Aphrodite. 2 8. Sculptured slabs, representing Satyrs; a lion devouring a deer, pan- ther, dog, buU, and boar. These form a kind of frieze. 9 X6. Narrow frieze of cocks and hens, executed in the same style. 17 21. Frieze : a procession of two chariots, with old men and youthM charioteers ; a led horse, a horseman, five figures of priests and priestesses vrith vands and torches, an armed female and a youth standing at the fflde of a column and chair. ■ 21.*Fragment : apparently part of a chair. 22. Bas-relief; part of two draped females, wearing sandals. 23. Triangular fragment ; a male and female figure seated, one' on each side of an Ionic column, on the top of which is a Harpy. 24 27. Fragments ; apparently gable-ends of a tomb with recesses, havii^- en them the Sphinx, represented with the face of a female, the body_ of a lior, and the wings of a bird, as the daughter of the Chimaera, the indigenous- monster pf Lycia. '' ' 28 — 30. Draped torsos of three architectural figures, in. diploid talario'tiinicB. 30a. Fragment ; apparently of a similar figure. 31. Chest, or saroa, found on the top of one of the.rfe&s^ or pillar tombs at Xanthus. At the end, in bas-relief, is a lion fondling its cubs ; and on one side a man standing and stabbing vvith a s'word a lion standing on its hind paws ; at the other side, a man on horseback, followed hy another on foot, and a hoplite holding a large Argolic buckler. 32. Fragment ; apparently from the other end of the same or a similar sarcophagus ; on it a lioness fondling two- cubs, one of which she holds in her mouth. 33. Square block ; from the sides of which issue the fore parts of two lions. 34 — 140. These sculptures and architectural member* formed part of the bmlding at Xanthns, of which a restored model, with a ground plan of the remains as they were found in situ, and a picture of the scene of the dis- eovery, are placed in this room. The model, made under the direction of Sir C. Fellowes, exhibits an Ionic peristyle building, with fourteen columns running round a solid ce«a, and the statues in the intercoluniniations, placed on a base, which stands upon two steps. LTCIAN £OOM.j BRITISH MUSKCM. 34— M The object of this building has not yet been clearly ascertained' ; bjr some it has been considered as a trophy in memoiy of the conquest of Lycia by the Persians under Haipagus, in the 3rd year of the 58th Olyinpiad, b. c. 545, and probably erected about the 76th Olympiad, b. c. 476 ; by others the sculpturag nave been placed as late as the 83rd or even 06th Olympiad, e. o. 450 — 395. Another conjecture is that their subject represents the suppression, by the Persian satrap of Lycia, of the revolt of the Cilicians against the Persians, B. 0. 387, Olympiad, 98, 2. 34 — 49. Sculptures of the broader ftieze, supposed to have been placed round the base : they represent a series of contests of warriors, armed in the Greel manner, with helmets, crests, and Argolic bucklers, tlwraees and greaves ; and others more lightly armed, some being only in tunics, or naked, and wearing only helmets -against each other; horsemen, &c. On 39 and 46 are seen Asiatics, wearing the pointed cap called cidaris, and long tunics, fighting against Greeks. On 45 is a warrior, to whose shield is attached the object used as a protection for the legs against missiles. 50 — 68. The narrow frieze which ran round the upper part of the base. 60 — 63. The attack of the ^wn and main gate of a city, supposed to be Xanthus : this gate is defended by a low flanking tower with windows ; the besiegers have planted a scaling ladder, which two warriors are supposed to be holding on securely by ropes. Three hoplites, having taken off their sandals, are seen mounting the ladder ; a fourth has already marched into the tower, The other troops, called on by their officers, advance rapidly to the attack. 65 — 69. A general combat between Greeks ; some armed as hoplites, against others wearing long tunics. 60 — 61. A walled city, with ite buildings, within which are tombs and tem- ples, and the heads of the besieged looking over the battlements. 62. A Persian satrap or monarch seated ; supposed to be Harpagus, attended by his guards and a slave holding over his head an umbrella, — the emblem of Bovereignty, — receiving a deputation of two elders from the besieged city. 65 — 66. A sally from the town ; the garrison appear on the walls, while the women throw up their arms shrieking in despair. 67. The retreat of the defeated Lycians into the city. 69. Capping stones of the east front of the base. 70-^74. Columns and portions I of columns from the peristyle. 76 — 84. Statues which were placed in the intercolumniations : they represent females, having at their feet marine emblems, such as a dolphin, crab, eel, and the sea-bird halcyon; and passing through the air rapidly, as we see by the action of the drapery. These figures are supposed to have reference to the arrival of Latona, with her children, Ar- temis and Apollo, at Xanthus, or to the naval victory over Evagoras. 85 — 91. Fragmenta of similar 92 — 94. Capitals of the two pilasttrs of the east front ofthe Duilfling, witk Mpitals of leaves and fleiuons. ■LOIN BOOM.] BRITISH MUSEUM. » FIRST ELGIN ROOM. [The splendid sculptures in this and Uie succeeding room, were taken In 1804, from temple* at Athens, by the Earl. of Blgin, then our Ambassador to Turkey, and were purchased by Parliament for £36,000 They comprise the chief sculptured ornaments from the Parthenon (a peripteral Doric temple sacred to Minerva), built in the time of Pericles (b.o 450), from the plans of Ictinus, and under the direction of Pbisiab, the Rreatest sculptor of ancient times; as well as remains from the Erectheium (joint temple of Sfeptune and Minerva) and other buildings of the citadel of ancient Athens.) On the West side of the room, are the magnificent sculptures belonging to the Eastern pediment of the Parthenon, or temple of Minerva, at Athens, and repre- sented, when perfect, the miraculous birth of Minerva from the head of Jupiter. "^-4\ Upper part of the figure of ~==fj Hyperion, or Helios, the harbinger of the 'Sun, rising out of the sea ; his arms stretched forward, in the act of hold- ing the reigns of his coursers. Head of two of the hoises beIoi)g~ ing to the car of Hyperion, or Helios, just emerging from the waves, and seem as if impatient to run their course. Thesedb; (or Herculus), half re- dined on a rock, with a lion's skin. Remarkable for the easy grace of the attitude, and for the conbination of strength and suppleness in the form. Colossal group ot two goodesses, Ceres anc] Proserpine; the latter is leaning on her mother's shoulder. The 'i attitude and beauty of proportion in these figures are no less admirable than the arrange- ment of the drapery. Statue of Iris, one of the daughters of Oceanus and the messenger of the celestial deities, hasten- ing with the news of Minerva's birth. Torso of Victory. Colossal group of the Three Fates or Destinies. The grace of the attitudes and disposition of the draperies, are equally deserving of admiration. The neck and wrists Kexliibit traces of orna- ^oient. B BRITISH MUSEUM. [eLOIN ROOK. Head of one of the horses that belonged to the chariot of the Goddess Nox, or the Night, which was represented plunging into the ocean on the right angle of the east pediment. It is of the finest possible Workmanship, and the sur- face has been very little injured. On the opposite side of the room, are the remains of the western pediment, in which was represented the contest between Minerva and Neptune for the honour of naming the city of Athens. Keoumbent statue ot the river-god, Illyssus, a small stream that ran south of the plain of Athens. The whole effect of this figiire is admirable. It combines Ideal beauty with the truth of nature; and even anatomically speaking, the muscles are allowed to be invariably true to the attitude. Cast of the mutilated group Hercules and Hebe. Mple torso, supposed to represent Cecrops, the founder of Athens. ' Upper part of the head, and fragment of the breast of Minerva. Upper part of the torso of Neptune. . Draped female torso sup. posed to be Amphitrite. ,, . _ At£t^-b:S';;:1il{^;^^-™^''"" ^"'°- '»-«''- ^" ^^--^ -a female statue, and a cast of a male to-o' on tSf other'si'deTfT.'/ ' ^''"^'^ Athenians, both ov^r the Persians anl„i "'.<=7™«"'fa'e some victories of the pro^f Sditf l'^Lf:'°S^:^:;;tr j£^- -tue -^ » t'*^ a^srn Tl^?,:;^.lCLt:rotl;'"^^^^^^^ two or three small statues anTinthe^lwer'' "'"''"'" '""P'^'^'I^''^™""' Ae pedimental figures of 'the l4"theninln7"""!"'' '^"""^ fragments of *TnV:r^'"/'^'Tp'^ "^ ^'''^^^^^^ Rhatr"'-^^" '"t " ^ ^-^" On the west side, the lower portion of a draped female fiirurp Against the western wall it is intended to aLngHhtatTk 'i^criptions. ELMH BOOM.] BRITISH MUSEUM. SECOND ELGIN ROOM. [Id this room are placed two models of (he Parthenon, made by Mr. B C. Lucas, one ot which represents the: building as.it is believed to have been in its original state, the olher aa It appeared in A.11. 1G37, Imniediately .after the bombardment 0^ Athens by the Venetian Oeneral, Morosini, when a shell, falling' into the middle of the temple, exploded a powder- ihagazine established there by the Tui'ks, and laid the adjoining portion in ruins. It will be seen from the models that the cella, or inclosed building within the colonnade, was decorated externally with a continuous frieze in low relief, TChiTe the entablature sur- mounting the colonnade had]a' frieze formed of metopes alternating with t:'ig1yph«, each metope containing a sculptured group in high relief. 1 — 16 Metopes representing the battle of the Centaurs and Athenians, wlio under Theseus joined the Lapithffi (a people of Thessaly) in this contest. In some of the sculptures the Centaurs are victorious, in others theAthenians have the advantage, while in others .again the victory seems doubtful. ' In No. 14, a Centaur is pressing to the. ground an Athenian, in a half-kneeling position, with his right arm thrust agaiqst the body of his antagonist, as if stabbing him on the left side. The sculptures (17-^90) composing the exterior frieze of the cella of the Parthenon, within the colonnades, and continued entirely round the ' . 1 . 1 1 l ii ^h.u , , j. i muuujuiMugwm wi temple, represent in very low relief the sacred procession wliich took place at the grand Panathengta, a festival celebrated every fifth year at Athens, in honour of lilinerva, the patroness of the city. The bas-reliefs composing this frieze are nfinted ia tka aider in which they were' originally placed in the Parthenon. 94 BKITISH HUSEOU. [ELGIN ItOOl The bas-reliefs of the frieze on the principal or east front of the temple, com- mence on the right hand of the entrance to the Hellenic-room, followed by those- of the north, west, and sonth fronts. ..... 17 24 Frieze of the east front. On two of the slabs are divinities and deified heroes, seated; Castor and Pollux, Ceres and Triptolemus, Jupiter and Juno;, .Ssculapius and Hygeia. On the right and left are trains of females, (Canephora> heading the procession with votive gifts, and among them officers (hierophants), directing the order of advance. 2S— 46 Portion of the frieze on the north side. No. 25 is a fragement repre- senting two of the Metaci, or foreigners, who were allowed to take part in the procession. No. 26, represents a youth, victor in a chariot race, receiving the crown as the reward of his success. Nos. 32—46, present a line of cavaliers, in great diversity of costume and action, some with no clothing but the chlamys or cloak, others variously accoutred ;'mo5t of them riding in groups, others preparing to mount their steeds j the whole executed with consummate elegance and spirit. 47 gl Continuation of the groups of horsemen, which ornamented the west- ern end of the edifice. 62—90 Frieie on the south side, representing a procession of charioteers, horsemen, men on foot leading vic- tims, &c. ; and very similar, in its^ general character to the frieze on the opposite or north side. At the south side of the room above the frieze (26) are casts of the metope at the left angle of the west- ern fagade of the Parthenon, repre- senting a horseman, and (33) of the metope of the right angle of the north side, representing a female, probably a divinty, seated on a rock and another standing before her. Between them (27 — 31) are casts of the portions recently discovered. At the North end of the room is one of the Caryatides, and, by its side, the column which originally stood at the northern angle of the eastern portico of the Ereshtheum, a temple erected on the Acropolis of Athens, towards the close of the fifth century before Christ, and dedicated jointly to Minerva Polias, and Pandrosus, daughter of Cecrops. Facing the Eastern door is a colossal draped statue of Bacchus, Eeated, which formerly surmounted the choragic monument of Thrasyllus, at Athens, erected B.C. 320. Attached to the east- ern wall are casts of the I C bas-reliefs which decor- ated the frieze of the choragic monument ot Lysicrates, erected B.C. 334. They represent Bacchus punishing the Tyrrhenian pirates. Near these are placed some solid sepulchral Urns, with figures in bas-relief. The dpor on the East side leads into the Het^lenif Rooub r'aiBALIAH SALOON,] BT T18H MUSEUM. pijigalian Saloon, [Hie beautitUt marbles in this apartment were found by Mr. Cockerell in the riinsof ft temple of Apollo, on a hill near Phigalia, in Arcadia, and- were purchased, in 1R|4, at Zante. This temple was built by the same architect as the Parthenon, at Athens, tad the sculptures bear the same marks of spirited, masterly' executio If. thiq room, also, are fine figures (arranged above the last mentioned) from tb temple ul Jupiter Fanhellenius, in i£giua.] 1 — 23 Bas-reliefs, composing the friezt in the interior of the cella, or principal apartment of the Temple of Apollo Epicurius, (or the Driirerer) on Mount Cotyliurn, near the ancient town of Pliigalia in Arcadia. 1 — 11 The knf tie between the Centaurs and the LapithcB. 12 — 23. The contests between the Athenians and the Amazons. 2i Part of the capital of a Doric column, belonging to tlie peristyle, or rang e ot columns on the ou'sidfi of the temple. 25 Part of an Ionic capital, which belonged to one of the columns thai ■iecorated the cella, or interior apartment of the temple. 26, 27 Fragments ot tiles forming the upper part of the ornanienial borders of pediments. 28 — 38 Fragments of Metopes, found in the porticos. 39, 40 Small tiles, used for coveting the joints of the larger lUes , the orna- •>eBt in front sjrmounted tnp coni'ce. C BRITISH HU8EUM. [PUIOALIAM lAI-WOK At the sides jf the SalooV, over the Parthenon frieze are two pediments, of precisely the same form and dimensions as tliose which decorated the eastern and western ends of the Temple of Jupiter Panhellenius, in the island of ^gina, The style of these sculptures presents a kind ot medium between the dull and formal manner of the Egyptians, and the animation, grace, and grandeur, of the finest remain! of Grecian art. The pediment at the north side of the room is taken from the western end of the temple; it contains ten figures, and it is supposed that there was originally one more, who was stooping down to assist the fallen warrior, who is wounded, at the feet of Minerva. The subject is supposed to be the contest between the Greeks and Trojans for the body of Patroclus. Ajax, assisted by Teucer and Diomed, endeavouring to recover the body. Hector, Paris, and ^neas to seize it. Of the figures in the other pediment only five now remain, the sculptures of which are of a much higher character than those of the western. From the few figures still spared to us, the subject of this picture seems to have been similar to that of the other pediment. Attheeudsof the room are casts of the metopes of the old temple ai Selinus, which are considered some of the earliest speci.uens of Greek art; they represent— 1 Hercules and the Cercopes, or two thieves of Ephesus 6 Perseus, assisted by Pallas Athene, killing the Gorgon Medusa out of ivlinm leaps Pegasus. 3 A figure in a biga attended by two others on horseback, 4 A female divinity who has killed one of the giants. Around the sides of the Room are temporarily placed, eleven bas-reliefa, formerly part of the celebrated mausoleum at Halicarnassus, a tomb erected in honour of Mausolus, King of Caria, by his wife Artemisia, in tiie 4ith year of the 106th Olympiad, B.C. 353. The subject of the frieze is ^he battle of the Greeks and Amazons, and Hercules appears among the ccm- batants. In the middle of the Room is placed : — 1 Bronze statue, (size of life) representing Eros Apteros : eyes inlaid with silver, ond nipples with copper. 2 Statue of Apollo, of very early Greek work. Several other sculptures and insriptions, all from different parts of Gree and tln^ Greek colonies, are deposited round the sides ot the room Huainst the pilasters; but being as yet unarranged, and likely to be reimved, they are not here particularly described. Tm8 Kut side of this Room ooens into the Assyrian Galls ASSYRIAN GALLERY.] BRITISH MUSEUM. NIMROUD CENTRAL SALOON. 27 {.There Is perhaps no portion of the treasures of this truly national establlihment of vuch Important interest as the BculptureB in the Assyrian Oallei'ies. These marbles, whether wm consider them as works of art, as engraved histories, or as corroborations of th? trutti of scripture, are- every way remarltable. The first feeling is that of astonishment at their won- derful state of preserratton,— many of them appearing as clear and sharp as if they had only just come from the studio of the sculptor. The perfection of the forms— not only as displayed in the delineation of the human flgure, but in the various groupsiof animals — next forces itself on the attention. There is also a distinctly marlced difference between the style of those early times and every other school of art: to the peculiarity of the development of the anatomictil forms we would particulariy direct attention. It is also singular thai the supposed oldest of the«e marbles is pqual, if not superior, in spirit of design and execution, to the more modern. When first discovered, the appearance of rich colours was distinctly visible, on sevorul of the Blabs; it however, perished (with but slight exceptions) on exposure to the atmosphere. In this room commences the series of sculptures excavated by Mr. Layard jn 1847 and 1350, in different parts of the great mound at Nimroud, (believed to be the ancient Calah of Scripture), on the left bank of the Tigris, about twenty-five miles south of Mosul ; with which have recently been placed one or two sculptures since obtained by Mr Rassam frqm the same locality. The walls of the palace of Nimroud, from which these works were taken, aie uf unburnt brick or clay, incrusted with slabs of marble (gypsum), eight Inches thick, and seven feet wide; the slabs were firmly united together by plugs of brass or wood, »6 well us wedge-shaped cramps, like those common in the buildings of ancient Egypt. The decoruriuns of these palace seem to have been arranged in horizontal compartments, alternately filled with sculpture, and with the cuneiform character of the country, so that each wall presented a record of the valour and achievements of Sardanapalus, both In war and in the chase, written in the vernacular of Nineveh, and in the uaivorsai language.] 1 Colossal winged man-headed Bull, from the portal of a door of a chamber at Njiuroud. In delicacy of execution one of the finest specimens of Assyrian art. 2 Colossal winged man-headed Lion, from the portal of a door of a chamber ftt Nimroud. Admirably designed and very carefully executed. 3, 4 Winged figures offering flowers. 5, 6 Winged figures, with offerings. british museum. Central Edifice. [ASSYRIAN gallery [The bas-Teltefit on the westprn side of the room, were discorered by Mr. Layard, In the ruins of tt>e Central edifice at Nitnroud, and are supposed to be intermediate In dHte bet'vebn tile ruins of the South western edifice, and those of the great edifice at the North west quarter nf the mound.] 1 Fliglit of an Arab iiiouiitpd on a dromedary, pursued by two Assyrian li'orsemen. 2 Head of a man-headed Bull, in bai-i-elief, with double horns, and a ricWy decorated tiara. 3 Royal Attendant with captives. 4 A man driving before him a flock of sheep and goats. 5 Evacuation of a captured city: twoennuchs standing near t!ie gates, are writing down the amount of spoil of sheep and cattle; cars drawn by oxen, containing women, are leaving the city ; near the gales are two battering-rams. 6 Head and Foot of a winged man-headed Bull, from the North West edifice. 7 Small full-length statne of Sardanapalus 1., attired as a high priest, in his sacrificial n.b s. In his right hand he holds an instrument resembling a sickle, and his left arm partly concealed by an outer robe. 8 Tigliith-Pileier II. and attendant. 9 Spirited group of four Drom- edaries, with a female. 10 Siegeof a city with a battering- ••m and moveable tower. 11, 12 Siege of a city. assyrian gallery.] british husedh. South Western Ediiice. 29 [ThiB group consists of scilptures, discovered in tlie South-w^sterii edifice of the great xmnnd whit h is believed to have been constructed by Essarhaddon, the son and successor of Sennacherib, towards tlie beginning of the seventh century D c, with materials obtained, in a freat measure. from the spoliation of the palaces erected in other Iparts of Klmroud by the Miller Auyrian dynasty ] 1 Head from a statue, 2 Assyri >n liorsemen pursuing an enemy. 3 The siege of a city. 4 Horsemen pursuing an enemy. 5 Evacuation of a captured city. 6 Triumphal procession uf a King. 7 Colossal head of a winged man- I headed Bull. Im the Center of the Rook. An obelisk in black marble^ found near the centre of the great mound. It is decorate<1 with five tiers of bas-reliefs, each continued round the sides; and the unsculptured surface is covered with cuneiform inscriptions, which appear, from the interpretation of Sir Henry Rawlinson and Dr. HincUs, to contain a complete record of tlie reign of Silima Bish, who succeeded his father, Sardanapalus the Great, about B.C. 932. The bas-reliefs illustrate the presentation of ofieiings to the king by his numerous tributaries, and th« inscriptions record the names of the donors, amongst whom are Jehu "of the house of Omri," the Israelitish king, and Hazael, the contem» porary king of Syria. Against the two central pilasters stand two statues, each representing the God Nebo, and bearing an inscription to the effect tliat it was made by a sculptor of Nimroud at the order of Phulukii II. (Ful), who reigned about B.C. 770, and of ills wife Sammuramit, supposed to be i the original of the somewhat mythical Semiramis I of the Greek and Roirian writers. Beside the door into the Kouyunjik Gallery is a colossal lion, which, with a cotiipaniijn figure, decorated the sides of a doorway in one of the small temples. The head though to a certain extent conventional inform, is designed with vigour. The limbs convey the idea nf strength and power, the veins and muscles are accurately pourtrayed, and the outline is not deficient in gtaoe and truth. 30 SRITISH MUSEUM. [aSSYBIAN OAILERT. KOUYUNJIK GALLERY. [The coneution of bas-reliefs in tliis room was procured by Mr Layard, in 1849 and 1850, from the remaiuB of a very extensive edifice at Kouyunjilc, which appears from the inscrip- tions remaining on many of its gculptur<*s, to have been the palace of Sennacherib, who it su|iposed to have commenced his rt'ien about B c. 7 21. It was subsequently occupied by hts grandson Sardanapalus III., (Ashurbanipat), who reigned towards the middle ol ttie seventh century p.c., the supposed era of ihe destruction of Nineveh. Monuments of both these kings are included in the collection.] 1 Sennaclierib, standinsr in the conventional attitude of worship, with sacred or symbolical objects above him — cast from a bas-relief cut in the rock, at the mouth of the Nahr-el-Kelb River, near Beyvont, in Syria, 2 Armed Galley with a beak, propelled by two banks of rowers, S Combat by a river side. 3* Fragment of a colossal Human-head. 4 — 8 Battle in a Marsh, with reception and registration of Prisoners and Spoil. 9 Slingers discharging stones. 10 Archers behind screens. 11, 12 Warriors leading horses. 13 Part of a motilated procession. 14 Procession of Led Horses. 15 — 17 Return from a Battle. Procession of Prisoners with collection and registration of Spoil. 18, 19 Part of a Military Procession. 20 — 22 Soldiers advanceiiig to the Siege of a Fortified City. 23 — 26 Siege of a fortified city planted on a dome-shaped hill. 27 — 29 Triumph of the Beseigers. Warriors receiving the Frisoueri and Spoil after the reduction of a City. 30 Archers and Slingers. 31 Horseman in Flight. 32 Horseman in Pursuit. 33 Man with Staff and Spear. 35 — 40 Horses led by Grooms; designed with much freedom and trnthi 41 — 43 Servitors bearing food for a banquet. One bears in eacii hand a rod with two rows of dried bocusts, which are to this day used as food by the Arabs. The utiier attendants carry wine skins, birds, poiiiegranates, and other fiuit. 44 A monumental tablet. > 45 — 47 Army of Sardanapalus III. in Battle with the Susians. 48 — 50 Triumph of Sardanapalus III. over the Susians. 51, 52 Sennacherib superintending ilie movement of a Colossal man-headed hull, and the construction of a mound, 53 Slaves constructing a mound. 54 Slaves dragging a colossal figure. 55 Movement of a colossal bull. 56 Sennacherib superintending the movement of a colosal figure. 57 — 59 Siege of a City on a river, and reception by Sennaclierib of Prisoners, with cattle, and other Spoil. 60 Lion Headed Man with Dagger. In the centre of the room are two obelisks of white calcareous stone, executed for Sardanapalus the Great, an Assyrian King who rdgned about two centuries before Sennacherib. It is covered with small bas-reliefs representing the var* ious exploits of the monHrch. Returning through the Central Saloon, the South door leads into the TiiMROUD Gallery. UBYRIAN OALLEaY.] BKITISH MUSEUM. NIMROUD SIDE GALLERY. 31 [Thebaa-reliefB in this room, consist of the sculptured remains found bj Mr. La^ard in the North-Weatern, or most ancient edifice there discoreredt and a few from the small adjat^ent temple of the 6od of War. They belong altogether to the period of Sardanapalus the .Oreat. the earliest Assyrian monarch of whom any large monuments have been procured, and who is beliered to have reigned about B.o. 930—902.] 1 Four Winged figure with Mace, 2 King and Winged figures vfith Mystic offerings beside a sacred tree. Well designed and delicately carved; the ornaments on the dresses and arms of the figures are elegant and elaborate. Ss King hunting ti.e wild-bull. The King, in his chariot, having wounded B bull, seizes him by ihe horns, and inflicts a deadly wound. U Return Jrom ihe Bull Hunt. Behind the King is an eunuch. 4a King hunting the Lion. The King in his chariot aims a deadly arronr at the monster, whose tail is admirably indicative of rage and fury ; two attendnnts prepare to dispatch the animal with daggers from behind. From tlie knowledge of art displayed in the treatment and composition, the correct and cfiective delineation of the men and animals, the spirit of the grouping, and its extraor- dinary preserration, it is probably one of the finest specimens of Assyrian art in existence. BRITISH MUSEUM. {a^SSYBIAN QALLEIIT. ib Return from tie Lion Hunt. Five figures are before the King. Ra King besieging a city, with a battering-ram and moveable tower. 56, 6b Sardanapalus I,, receiving Prisoners and Spoil. 6a Fugitive! swimming across a mountain torrent to a strongholb' on its bnnlih 7a, Sa, 9a, 10a The King and his army in battle with an enemy. 7*. 8J, 3* Sardanapalus I., and his army crosring a river. tBItRIAS OALUKT.] BRITISB UDMDM. M 106, Hi, 12ft Capitulation of a city and reception of prisoners and spoi'a of war by Sardanapalus I. " [give him charge to taketlie spoil, and t» take the prey, aud to tread them down like the mire, of the street." — Isaiah, c. 10. lla, 12a, \Sa Triumphant return of the King from battle to the camp. On one of the ilaba is the interior, of a castle or pavilion, in which are penoni N "X «* 11 " n.'^j.M. 1 II I., -r-v II II, W \ 1 1 U^||[ \ I ' --- luM engaged in domeitic employments; adjoining thebuilding U a groom, cuTry> combing a hone, and three others feeding from a trough. Si BRITISH MUSEUM. [amtbiam OALLERY. 136, 146, 156 Siege of a city by Sardanapalus I. 16a Sardanapalus I., traversing a mountain country. 166 Horsemen flying before tbe Assyrians. 17 Colossal winged Hgure, holding on his right arm a stag, and in his upraised left-liand a branch bearing five flowers erect. Notice, the finished execution and high preservation of this sculpture. 18 Colossal winged figure, having a chaplet of flowers or rosettes upon his head, carrying an Ibex on his left arm ; and holding an ear of bearded wheat in his right-hand. Notice, tbe variety and elegance of the ornaments on tbe robes, furnishing not only beautiful designs, but likewise important illustrations of the niytholgy of the Assyrians. 19 Foreigners bringing tribute. 20 Sardanapalus I. ; his right-hand supported by a staff, and his left resting on the hilt of bis sword. The whole figure is in perfect .preservation, and is wonderfully finished. The ornaments upon the drapery are most elab- orately carved, and tbe workmanship of the whole figure is admirable. The collossal figures on this and the following slabs, are especially deserving of notice, from the singular delicacy of manipulation displayed by tbe sculptor, and from the emblems and animals sugges- tive of the nature of the worship and sacrifices o* the " Kingdom of the idols, whose graven images did excel them of Jerusalem and of Samaria." Isaiah, c. x. v. 10. 21 — 23 Sardanapalus I., enthroned between attendants and wmged figures with mystic offerings. 24 Sardanapalus I., and Winged figures with offerings. 25 Winged figures, with oaFerings, and royal attendants. 26 Sardanapalus I., with his attendant cup-bearer. The animal's head at the end of the handle of the fly-^p is beautitully finished. 27 Colossal figure of a priest oaFering flowers. Remarkable for the careiui finish of the sculpture and elaborate nature of tbe ornaments. 28, 29 Colossal four-winged human-headed figure of a good deity, having a long sword suspended from bis shoulders by an embossed belt, and grasping in each hand an object resembling the thunderbolt of the Greek Jove, which Im H id the attitude of hurling against a demon who is turning towards him. tSSYRUN QALLIRT.] BRITrSH MUSEUM. 3j 30 Colossal figure of the tish Deity, with offerings. 31 Sinall winged figure offering flowers. 32 Colossal figure of a priest, offering a branch wiih three flowers. S3, 34 Colossal eagle- headed Deities, (Nisroch), with wings extended holding in the left-hand a basket, and presenting with the right-hand a pine cone. The pine cone in the hand of the god and upon his robe are emblem- atic of strength and prtde ; for the Assyrians and other nations as will as great ear-rings and bracelets, fringed and embroidered robes, long beards, and flowing hair. The Hametic race, on the contrary, as shown in the sculpture of Egypt, have short beards — no ear-rings — short robes — and generally naked bodies. The Japhetic race, exhibited in the Greek sculpture, show less abun- dance of ornament. 36 Warrior hunting the Lion. Remarkable for the great eUgance of the ornaments and the spirited- ness of the design. 36« Cast of a Cuneiform Inscription. 37a Winged figures kneeling before a sacred tree. 37b Winged females offering necklaces before a sacrt'd tree. 3^6 Bagle-headed Deities, with mystic oSeringi, beside the sacred tree. 39, 40 Sardanapalus I., between eagle-headed Deities with mystic offerings, beside a sacred tree. 41 A winged figure, with offeriiigs. kings, are constantly likened to cedars, to figure out their high station, glory and protection of others. 35 Colossal four- winged fema e, offer- ing a garland. These Assyrian sculptures are extre> mely valuable, as embodying the char- acteristics of the Shemitic race as ex- pressed by them- selves ; delighting in ornament, wearing 86 BBITISH MUSEUM. [ASSYRIAN OALLERV At the North-west angle t>f the Nimroud Gallerj' is a door leading into THE ASSYRIAN SIDE-EOOM. The principal abjects in this room, which is at pressiit in course of arrange, ment, are : — A four-sided and arch-headed stele, of limestone, having in front a bas-relie' of a king, detei mined by the inscription at the back and on the sides as Shamasphal, the father of the Biblical Pul. Three earthenware coffins, covered with blue vitreous glaze, and having small figures in low relief. They were found by Mr. Loftiis at Warka, in a mound, formed almost mtirely of similar remains, but are not, perhaps, older than the time of the Parthian Empire. Descending the staircase, and turning to the Ie''t, we enter THE ASSYRIAN BASEMENT-ROOM. KouYUNjiK Collection. [The sculptures in thi^room belong to the time of Sardanjipahis III., (Ashurbanipal), the grandson of Sennacherib, B.C. 700, and were discovered in tlie ruins of two palacec at Kouyunjlk, excavated, one by Mr. H. Rassam, and the other by Mr. Loftus. Dating from the latest period of Assyrian art, they exhibit greater freedom of dpsign, particuiarly in the »nimal forms, and {greater deliciicy of execution, than the bas-reliefs fiom Nimroud, or even the earlier moiiuiimnts from Kouyunjik.] 1 — 32 Monuments of Sennacherib. Eighth or seventh century E c. 1 — S Assyrians collecting pi isoners, trophies, and spoil, and scribes making notes. 9 Assyrian Guard. 10,11 Assyrian Archers. 12 Assyrian Musicians. 13 Royal Attendants with maces. 14 Assyrian Musicians. 15 Assyrians Warriors. 16 Arches and Horsemen in a wool. 17, 18 Mythological or Sacerdotal figures engaged in religious rites. Humin figures with lions heads and eagles legs. 19, 20 Assyrians collecting prisoners and trophies. 21, 22 Assyrians assaulting the walls of Lachish. 23 — 26 Assyrians capturing Lachish, can ying off spoil and torturing prisoners. 27 — 29 Sennacherib on his throne receiving prisoners from Lachish. 30 — 32 Chariot and Horsemen with Fortified Camp. 33 — 121 Moijuments of Sardaiiapalus (Ashurbanipal) III. Seventh century B.C. 33 — 53 Sardanapalus III., hunting Lions. A large arena appears to have been formed, of wliich tlie boundaries are guarded by spearmen, to prevent the escape of the animals. The lions are let loose frmn cages, and ass liled wiili arrows by the King, and by horsemen in various directions; one or two in dif- ferent groups, attack the royal chariot, and are despaiched with knives and spears ; the fury of the woiinded, and agony of the dying beasts are delineati'd with admirable spirit, though with occasional inaccuracy of anatomical detail; I foiir dogs, restrained by their keeper from encountciing a wounded lion, are i masterpieces of expression. J 54-^'67 Sardanapalus III., taking a city in Susialna, and receiving prisoners and spoil. 58 — 62 Sardanapalus III., receiving prisoners and spoil from a captured city. ISS'RIAN OALLERY.l BIIITISH MUSEUM. 37 63 — 67 Royal attendants returning fnim tlie cliace, bearing on tlieir shoiiMers dead lions. The figures aie well di;signed thougli less liiglily finished than usual. 68 — 74 Koyal attendants going to the chase, carrying nets for large animals. 75 Royal attendants witli a Lion, 76, 77 Lion and Lioness in a garden. 78 Keepers with hunting d"gs 79 Mythological or Sacerdotal figures. 80, 81 Figures supposed to be Mythological or Sacerdotal. 82 Mythological or Sacerdotal figures; one of which is a leonine centaur. 8S, Si Warriors in Foreign costume. 85, 86 Assyrians puisuing an enemy. 87 Assyrians capturing and burning a camp. 88 Assyrians storming a city and taking Negro prisoners. 89, 90 Sardanapalus III., receiving prisoners and spoil from a captured city 91 — 94: Foreign army p issing an Assyrian city, containing temples, viaducts &c. These bas-reliefs have highly interesting represi utaiions of architecture, military and civil ; including a large fortress, with an inner building, decorated with columns resting on the b:icks of liops and winged bulls; a temple with pilasters and columns, whose capitals resemble the Greek Ionic; in front of this temple, on a terrace, an arched inonnment and altar precisely similar to those of Sardanapalus in the Assyrian Transept; and a bridge or viaduct resting on piers, with openings resembling in form, though not in execution, the Gothic pointed arch. 95 Execution of tlie King of Susiana. 96 Royal atteii' imis brinjimg offerings. 97 Fragment of a pavement-slab. 98 Supposed Saceidutal figures. 9V — 100 Fragments of Pavement-slabs. 101, 102 Pavement slabs beautifully sculptured in low-relief, with floral and geometrical patterns. 103 Deer shooting within a netted enclosnre. jOl— 106 Sportsmen with attendants shooting gazelles. 107 — 109 Homing Lions and disposing of the carcases 110 Execution of captives. 111—113 Huntsmen and attendants killing wild asses. 11 4a. J Attendants with Saddle-hoists. 114c Catching a wild ass in nooses. 115 Attendants with deadgame. 116,117 Archers stringing bows, 118a, I19a.6 Sardanapalus HI., shooting and taming lions. Remarkable for the beauty of the execution. lis, 119c Sardanapalus IIL, at an altar pouring a libation over four dead Iton'J. I2O0.4 Assyrians destroying a city. 120c Pi isoners feeding. 121 Sardanapalus III., and bis Queen feasting in a garden, under a bower vines 122 Return from a lion hunt. 123 Priests and attendants. I2ia.b Musicians and aitendants. 121'- Wild Boar in reeds. On the floor is placed a Pavement from the palace of Sardanapalus IH. Returning up the stai'case. ami passing again through the Nimroud Gallery, the visitor reaches the A»--»iiias Teansept. •8 BRITISH MUSEUM. [ASSrBIAN OALLERT ASSYRIAN TRANSEPT. [The wBBtern compartment contains the remainder of the monumenli of Sardanapaliis the Breat of which the principal part has been described in the Nimroud Oallei;.] rsbtjihtid. 1, 2 Coloasal winged man-headed and triple-horned lions, from tke portal of the door of a chamber, of the North-west Palace. "The first was like a lion and had eagle's wings." — Daniel, vii. 4. In the first style of Assyrian work- manship ; the body and limbs are admirably portrayed, and the muscles and bones through strongly developed show a correct knowledge of the anatomy of the animal. 3 Royal monument and altar. Colossal figure of the King in high relief, carved on a solid block of limestone, into the shape of an arched frame. The monarch wears his sacrificial robes, and carries the sacred mace in his left-hand. Round his neck are hung the tour sacred signs, the crescent, the star or sun, ihe trident, and the cross. His waist is encircled by the knotted cord, and in his girdle are three daggers. Above his head are the symbols of Assyrian worship, the wiiiged globe, the crescent, the star, the rrident, and the horned cap. On the sides and back is an invocation to the Assyrian Gods, and a chronicle of the Kings conquests. In front is placed a triangular altar, supported on lion's feet, verv much lesembling in shape, the tripod of the Greeks. Khoksabad Compartment. [On the eart aide is the Ehorsabad Compartment, containing monumenis from the palace of Siii'ijina, the founder of the later Assyrian dynasty, aboui B.C. 747.] Two culossai winged man-headed Bulls, form the portals of a door at Khursabad ; and beside these two colossal winged figures with oflfringa. UtYRlAN OALLEKT.] BBITISU HUSEDM. 19 King and Chief in eomference, with a Royal attendant. — _^ Male head. Heads of two Royal atten- dants. Priests with Pomegranates. Heads of three foreigners. Heads of two Royal atten- dants. Head of a Foreigner. Heads ot two Royal atten- dants. Foreigner conducting two horses, richly caparisoned. Sportsmen in a wood. Heads of three chariot horses. Fragment from a procession, Assyrian Archers. Tributary with wine-skin. In the centre of the recess is a sitting headless statue, in basalt, from Kalah Sherghat, supponed to be the site uf Ashur, the primitive capital of Assyria. .The square stool, or block on which the figure sits, is covered on the three sides with cuneiform inscriptions. Although it has unfor- tunately (uflfered greatly from exposure, it is of considerable interest. The North sideof the Assyrian Tiansept, opens into the EoYrxiAN Gall kv I— i« brtlTISH hfbSKUM. iKaVi-TIAH iUniU OPgppttan ^aloom [The monuments in this room have been brought chiefly from Th«!is9 ''Bie present Carnak, Luxor, ^c.) and Memphis, the capitals of Upper and Lower Egypt respec. tiveJy ; and they derive an increased interest from the fact, that the bnt ages of Egyp- tian art were between the times of Thothmes III. and Rameses II. (i. e. between tha ''ears a.c. 1495 and 1340) at least live centuries prior to the dawning of Orecian civili- aation, and as early as the time of the Judges in Israel.] 1 Lion couchant, dedicated by Amenophis III. (Memncn.) 2 Mutnmy'Shaped sarcophagus of Petenesi, a bard with hieroglyphic! down the front; the face has been gilt. 3 Sarcophagus of Sa-atu, a scribe and priest of the temples of the acro- polis of Memphis ; covered with inscriptions and figures of various divinities who address the deceased. 4,6. Colossal heads wearing the teshr* or possibly the pachent. 5 Granite group, the monarch Har-em-hebi (Horus) of the 18th dynasty, standing under the protection of Amen-ra. 7 Colossal ram's head from a Sphinx, emblem of the divinity Amen-ra, in his form as Chnumis. 8 Statue of the god Hapimoou, or the Nile, bearing an altar of libations, from which hang down water-fowl and plants. 9 Colossal fist from a Statue. 10 Large oblong sarcophagus of the monarch Har-nech-t-hebi (Amyrtwus), of the 28th dynasty, (b.c. 414.) The sun, attended by various divinities passing through the hours of the day, is represented on the exterior, whiU Inside are various usual sepulchral deities. Under 10 is a sandstone altar, on which are two cows, emblems of the god- dess Athor (Venus), walking among the papyrus and lotus plants. 1 1 and \'i Hawk-headed gryphons, or sphinx, the emblem of the divinity Munt-ra. 12 Monument from the ruins of Carnak; on each of the broad sides is the monarch Thothmes III., of the 18th dynasty, standing, and holding with one hand the deity Munt-ra, and with the other the goddess Athor (Venus). 14 Fractured colossus of the monarch Amenophis III. * The following is an explanation of the chief technical terms for articles of Egjp tian dress: — Clapt.— Head-dress with long lappets pendent on the shoulders and neck; as ia (21j Statue of Amenophis III. GoM.— Sort of sceptre, terminating in the head of an animal callea the koucoufht. See fresco painting (176). AsKH.— Semicircular collar or tippet worn round the neck. See (19) bust tk Rameses III. Otf.— Crown of Osiris and other deities, composed of a conical cap, flanked by twc ostrich feathers, with a disk in front, placed on the horns of a goat. PsCHENT. — Cap or crown worn by deities and kings, composed of the shaa and teshr,— commonly fronted by an urxua, or curled snake, the symbol of royalty. Shaa.— CUnical cap, upper portion of tha pichent, called also oucbsk, or v/hite. See 61} statue of Menephtab II. Shbntx. — Short garment worn round the loins. See (21) statue u^ Amenophis III. Tbshr.— The ' red ' cap, (lower portion of the f\ cylindrical, with tall incliuei' peak behind, and spiral ornament in fr»*-** Tosu. — Royal niil'axv ct^ WtrPTTtir nooM."], British musrom. i5--4( •15 Colossal head of a king Wearitig the pschent, or cfown, fouhd with' th« arm (55), detached from a colossus lyitig in the sand in the Carnak qbartei ofThebei; thj features resemble those of Thuthmea III. ' 1 f> Lon er part of a colossal figure of the goddess Pasht, or Bubastis (Dianajr seated^ beariii| the names and titles of Ainenophis III'. 1 7 Mummy-shaped- coffin o( Sabaksi, Priest of Phtah. , 18 Mummy-shaped coffin of Pameterhent a standard-bear/r, on which ark figures of of Netpe, Nephthys, and Isis, with hieroglyphics. , ■19 Fine colossal head of Rameses 11. or III., Great (who lived B.C. ,1355), wearing a cylindrical diadem of urasi, of fine execution ; traces of colour still remain on this "bust. • •• ,■ 20 and 22 Intercolumnar Plinths covered with hieroglyphics. On one the monarch Psammetichus 11-. (b.c. 600), is represented kneeling and offering cakes of bread to a serpent, cow-headed, and another divinity, all seated on cubes. On the other, the name of Nectanebo, the last of the Pharaohs (B.C. 387). 21 Beautiful colossal statue of Amenophis III. (Memnon), monarch of the 18th dynasty ; the same king who is represeated by the vocal statue, seated gu a throne. 23 Large sarcophagus ef Hapimen, High officer of state ; on the exterior are the four genii of the Amenti, Anubis, symbolic eyes of the sun, Isis, and Nephthys. 24 RasETTA STONE— Dt'cree in honour of Ptolemy V., in hierogljrphie Enchoral and GreSk characters, of the High PriestsJ when they were assem- bled at Memphis (B.C. l'93),-for the purpose of investing him with the royal prerogative. This stone, found near Rosetta, has been mainly instrumentaf in enabling Dr. Young, IW: Champoilion, and other scholars, to decypher the hieroglyphic characters. 25 Mutilated statue of an officer of state, kneeling on a square plin<^. 26 Seti Menephta- II., monarch of ttie'lSth dynasty, seated on a throne, holdiug a ram's bead, placed on a small altar, by both hands, on his knees. 27 Mutilated statue of Rameses III. (Sesostris), kneeling[, and holding a shrine, on which is a scarabfiai. 28 Circular baaon, dedicated to Athor-Thoueris. • ' ' 29 Ir-nefer, functionary, and: his wife A-pu^ seated on a throne. 30 Colossal head of a H«g,'much mutilated. I 31 Group of Atu, a sacerdotal functionary sesfted on a throne or chair b the side of Han-ur his sister, a priestess of Amen-ra; holding a nosegay of lotus flowers; between them, of smaller proportions, is his son Neferhebi- second priest of the monarch Amenophis II.; of the 18th dynasty. , :, , 32 Fine SARCOPHAcns (with cover), bas-relieif of the' goddess Athdr; in the interior is the sun and"tBe heaven' represented as rf fimale, and at the bottom the goddess Athor. , V 33 Sarcophagus of a female named Anch, in theforaoiilf a mim«iy, origi- nally intended to hold a male figure-; on it are the foui:''geilii ,' standing,- afti'Boldtng'j lotus sceptre. Gallery of Antiquities. J 9 " 4 M — 79 BRITISa MUSEUM. fKorPTXAH *oo». 42 Lower part of a stotue of Rameaes III. (Seioatria), kneeling on • plinth, and holding an altar before him. 43 Statue of the Queen Mautemua, wife of Thothmes IV., and mother of Amenopbia III. (Memnon), monarch of the 18th dynasty, seated on ■ throne, (Tersbadowed by a Tultore in a boat, whose prow terminates in the head of Athor. Beneath, a casing-stone from the Great Pyramid at Gizeh. 44 Upper part of the statue of a king ('Nectanebo). 45, 49, and 50 Statue of Pasht (Bubastis\ standing, and holding a lotni tceptre. 46 Statue of Pi-aai, a sacred scribe, seated upon the ground, and resting nis arms upon his knees holding an ear of corn in his left band and in bis right a symbol of life. 47 Sarcophagus in the shape of a mummy. 48 Statue of Ba-nofre, a military chief, holding several posts, son of Thoth-hai and Thothsi, enveloped in drapery, seated upon a pedestal. 50 and 52 Bust of a seated statue of Pasht, wearing the disk of the sun. 51 Statue of Anebt nis sister, a prince, holding many offices ; dedica- ted to Amen-ra and Anubis. The joint gift of the queen-regent, Ameu- num-t, Ha-astt, and the monarch Thothmes III., of the IStb dynasty, in whose reign occurred the Exodus of the Israelites. Statue of Panehsi, a royal scribe of the treasury, kneeling and holding a ahrine, containing the figures of Osiris, Isis, and Horus. Statue of Shamaruaa, officer attached to the bringing the libations of tb« god Amen-ra, kneeling and holding before him a tablet, on which is a repre> aentation ^f Ra, and a prayer to him. 53 Upper part of a standing figure of Pasht (like 41). 54 Feet from the statue of a god or king. 55 Colossal arm, belonging to the same statue as the head (15). Underneath, casing stones from the great pyramid at Gizeb. &6 Blani. 57 Statue of Pasht (Bubastis), seated on a throne. 58 Fragment of the plaited beard of the Great Sphinx. 59 Fragment of a porphyry column ; on it a colossal hawk, a bird sacrsd *o the sun. 60 Statue of Pasht (Bubastis), seated on a throne. 61 Statue of Menephtah II., wearing the shaa, inscribed with hii owa name and that of his father, Rameses III. (Sesostris.) 62, 63, and 65 Seated statues Amenophis III. of Pasht (Bubastis). $4 Column, in four pieces, with the names of Menephtah II., and Setnecbt. Behind is the entrance to a tomb. 66 Fragment of a large sarcophagus of Pepernaa. 67 Upper part of a statue of Ramesis III. (Sesostris.) 68 Seated figure of Bubastis, with the name of .\menopb III. (Memnon.) 69, 71 Upper half of an erect statue of Bubastis. Behind is a fragment' of a king seated. 70 Seated statue, of a divinity, holding a small standing figure of Har-nech- t-beli (Amyrtsus), On one side,, a statue of Bet-mes seated, holding in his left hand a hoe„ or pickaxe. On the other, a statue of Pioeri, prince of Ethiopia, bolditig an altar, having on it a ram's head. 72 and 76 Standing figures of Pasht, or Bubastis, similar to 4 1 . 73 aiul 77 Bu^ts from statues of Pasht, or Bubastis. Tt Colossal Egyptian scarabsus, sacred to the deity Tore. 75 Fragiaent of a statue of Uar-em-habi (Horus), of the 18th dyixst*, 78 Lid of a sarcophagus of Seta-an, a prince of Ethiopia, yragment of a colossal head. X9 Bust from a sitting statue of Pasht. (Bubiitit.) eaUury ■ceptre. 82 Mutilated statue of a Sphinx, of Roman work. 83 Fragment of a kneeling statue of Pefaa-net, holding a shrine containing a figure of Osiris. 81 Erect statue of Pasht (Bubastis,) similar to 41. 85 Bust from a seated statue of Pasht (Bubastis.) 86 Sarcophagus, of Ha-nata, a priest surnamed Ra-nem-ha-t-men. Underneath is placed a lion in sandstone. 87 Bust from a seated figure of Pasht (Bubastis.) 88 Seated statue of Pasht (Bubastis,) like 37. 89, 91 Fragment of legs, broken from an erect statue of Bubastis. ° 90 Slab from a sarcophagus bas-relief of a figure, a close garment enclos- ing the body down to the feet, excepting the right shoulder and arm. 92 Statue of Chons-at-anch. Priest of the god Chons, holding a small shrine. 93 Head of a queen, from a colossal statue. 94 An altar oflibation, dedicated to Osiris, by Amasis II. 95 Lower part of an erect statue of Pasht (Bubastis.) 96 Upper part of a statue of Rameses 111. or Great, holding a tablet with •fferings, under which is a vase. 97 Very fine head of a sphinx, of Roman work. 98 Fragment of a statue of a man- 99 Altar dedicated to the great god Sar&pis at Canopus. 100 Fragment of a statue of Munt-naa, High-officer of the 12th dynasty. 101 Sepulchral tablet tablet of Neb-pu-user-te-een, a functionary. 102 Fragment of a statue of a king, seated on a plinth. 104 Fragment with hieroglyphics. 105 Torso, from the statue of an Egyptian monument. 106 Colossal fist, from a statue. 107 Statue of Merau, Royal Scribe, and Military Commander, holding a ■hrlne of Osiris. 108 Small rectangu.ar oason, dedicated to Amen-ra and Phtah. 109 Fragment of a statue of an Egyptian monarch, seated. 1 10 Fragment of two seated statues. 111 Colossal seated statue of Uaah-ra-ha-ti-ra (Apries) High Military Officer of the 26th dynasty, bearing shrine of Osiris. 112 Tablet of Pepi-set-het, an officer under the 6th dynasty. 113 Group of Bas-oefer, a chief of the south, and Sent-nai, a royal name, seated side by side : at the side of the seat is his daughter Neferari. 114 Head of Phtah, from a statue. 115 Sphinx, of coarse workmanship. 116 Head of an Egyptian monarch, in the nemms or cleft. 117 113 Tablet of Abydos, containing the succession of the Egyptian monarchy. In the second horizontal line are the cartouches of the luogi of the 87th and 18th dynasty. 118 Feet from a statur of Pasht (Bubastis.) 119 Fragment of a colossal head, of a divinity or king. 120 Head of a person of rank, from a statue. 121 Torso of a statue of one of the later dynasties. 122 Upper statue of an officer of rank, holding a standud., 123 Torso of a statue, kneeling and holding a tablet. 124 Upper part of a seated male figure, from a group*. Uallery of AntiquUitt, 21 125 — 158 BRITISH MITSBCM. I EOVI'TIAN ROOM 125 Bust of an Egyptian monarch:, in the nemms or cleft. 126 Upper part of a figure, from a group. 127 Head of a female, from a sepulchral group. 128, 129 Very ancient sepulchral tablets, dedicated to Osiris. 130 Fragment of bas-relief, from the sid'es of a tomb of Afa. 131, 132 Sepulchral tablets, dedicated to Osiris. 133 Rectangular plinth, hollowed in the centre as if to hold a statue. 134 Small statue, representing Hanata, surnamed Ra nem-hat-men, an officer in the palace of the monarch Apries, of the 26th dynasty, kneeling^ and holding before him a small nave containing the figure of Keith (Minerva). 135 Small altar of libations ; the'Oentre in shape of a tank or reservoir. 135* Large slab, on which are recordedthe distribution of certain' paint- ings made in the temple of Phtha, by the monarch Nepercheres. 136 Square pilaster, on which is placed the capital of a column. 137 Mutilated statue of Amen.mes, a royal scribe, kneeling, . 133 Tablet, with an inscription in the hieratical character. 139 Sepulchral tablet of Raines, priest of the king Meneptah, of thelI9tb dynjasty, adoring Osiris, Horus, and Isis. «40 Head, from the cover of a'mummy-shaped sarcophagus. 141 Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris Un-nefer. 142 Tablet containing an inscription relative to Amen-mes,, a governor of the Ramesseium ; in the I8th or'19th dynasty. 143 Sepulchral tablet of Nechta. a military chief, seated on a chair before a tahle of offerings; 12th dynasty; 144 Sepulchral tablet of Kaha, a judge, adoring Osiris and Anubis, 145 Fragment; on it are part' of the names arid titles of one of the monarchs named Sebek-heb-t, who are supposed to beve reigned' after the 12th dynasty; and the god Atum giving life to the kiilf ■ i 146 Sepulchral tablet of Ruma, commander of the troops of the palabe of Seti-Meneptah I. (Sethos I.) in the centre of Abydos. ■ ' J 147 Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, Socharis, Hapi-Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, Horus, Anubis, and the gods of Rusetta for Tahem-hept, a female. 148 Sepulfehral Tablet of Nefernti, a superintendent of the carriers or builders of the palaces of Thothmea IV., in Abydos, dedicated to Osiris. 149 Sepultjhral tablet of Ba-en-naa, scribe of' the royal quarries, dedicated to Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys. ' 150 Sepulchral tablet of Nefer-abUj a Theban judge,' who adores the god- dess Merisekar. ' ' 151 Tablet, much destroyed, representing a judge adoring Osiris. 152 Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris. 153 Tablet, having upon it Aitaenophis I., standing, and adoria'g Amen'-ra, ram-headed, Num, Sate, and'Anubis; and Thotbmes III.-, offering to Amen^ la, Muth, Chons, and Athor. 154 Sepulchral tablet of Un-nefer,'a royal usher, who stands adoring Osiris, IsIe, and -Horus, and various members of his family. ' 155 Tablet, dedicated to Ra, Osiris, and Phtha Sochstris. ' 156 Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, Isis, Horus, and Anubis ; a tame eyuocephalus is seated under one of the chairs. 157 The representation of the entrance of a toinb ; on it; Teta (an officer In the service of the king, Coafra, or Kephra, builder of the steond pyramid}, and his wife, Tebt, are seated over a table of viands, or attended by their numerous family, i . >..,-■ 157* Entrance' to a tbnjb, or false'dbor, similar to the preceding. On it Teta, a high officer of State during the reign of Chef-ra or Kephren, monarch of the 4th Memphifii wnasty,' is "represented with his wife Tebt and family. i: , ' . IM Sepalchral tablet of Hui, a MemphianJudj;e, adoring Osiris. Gallery of A'^irMlies. 8 UP STAIBS. r WSit&tmi (gallerp, IN THK VESTIBULE OF THB EGYPTIAN nOOM. ^The plaster casts in frames placed on the walls of the Vestibule were made in Effypt by Mr. Bonomi, under tbe direction of Robert Hay, Esq., and approi>riately culonrei titer the originals.] On the northern wall— 1 SetUmenephtah I, vanquishing the Tahennu, one of the most northern eemies of Egypt. Plaster cast, in carTO -relievo, from the north wall of the great edifice of Karnak : 18ch dynasty. On the left side of the door^ 2 Seti-menephtah I., holding a crook and whip, introduced by the god Har into the presence of Osiris, Seated on his throne. Behind Osiris is the god- dess Athor, " the land of the west, the abode of blessed souls." Plaster oast, from the Biban el iVIolook, or valley of the tombs of the kings, at Thebes. 13th dynasty. On the right side of the door — 3 Menephtah in a transparent garment, and wearing on his head the XU^ ■doring the god Ra, who grants him life, endurance, and the crown of the sun. Cast from the Biban el Molook, the tombs of the kings, at Thebes. On the southern wall, in a frame work, are the fallowing casts : — 1 Amen>ne(n-ha-asu, crowned by Amen-ra, who addresses her. Cast of the Apex of the fallen obelisk at Karnak. 2 The queen-regent Amen-nem-ha-asu, and Amen-ra. Cast from auothef another part of the obelisk at Karnak. 3 — 4 An inferior divinity called Fet-mut-f : two casts from the Biban el Molook. i Seti-Menephtah II., wearing the tall plumes, ursei serpent, solar disk, and goats' horis, and draped in a transparent garment with a royal aproa< offering two vases of wine to some divinity, probably Raj but the hand and kukufa sceptre of the god is only visible. Cast from the Biban el Molook. 6 Seti-menephtah II., monai'ch of the 18th dynasty, offering oil to the god Amcn-ra. Cast from the side of the same obelisk. 7 Thothmes II. standing, wearing the teshr, and holding a sceptre in hii left hand, and in his right a mace, an emblem of life. Behind is a symbo- lical figure, having on its head the standard of the king : above the head of ^ the king soars a vulture, embieai of victory. Cast from a mouament at / El-Assasif, 8 The queen-regent Amen-nem-faa-asa offering to .Amen-ra. Cast from th« same obelisk. 9 Thotmes III., offering to Amen-ra. Gallery qf Antiauities. BRITISH MUBBUM WBSTBRN GALLBBT- Cffpptran ^oom* rrhe contents of this rooin^ (either purchased from Messrs. Salt SDd Sams, of Resented by Sir G. WilkinsoD and other travellers, are extremely curious, aiKl deserve a leugtheued inspection from the visitor, as illustrating; the most minute par- ticulars in the domestic history of the ancient Eg7ptians}— aiidtheintercstisnotalittle heightened by a knowledge of the fact, that many of these specimens of art and manufactures belong to a period as far back as the Exodus of the Israelites, about four centuries before the Trojan war. Thev are principally from Thebea and other sepui- chral excavations in Upper Egypt.] Cases 1 — 5 These cases are filled with various figures of deities helonging to the Egyptian pantheon ; — and it may be here observed, that these gods may be classed as primary and subordinate — as follows : — T. Eight preat gods,— comprising, Neph (the creating intelligence)~a man ram- headed ; Amen-ra (Jupiter)— man with head-dress sur-mounted by feathers; Pthah Vulcan)— a mummy with plain close cap; Khem tPanj- 5e(^ CJuTifc., — a female with a cap having two horns ; Maut Nature— a female wearing the pschent on an orna- mented cap, sometimes with a lion*s head ; Pasfit or Bubastis (Diana)— a female hon- faced, wearing a disk fronted b> the nrseus; Neith (Minerva) — a female crowned, bearing a hooked staff, and sometimes a bow and arrows. 2. The principal secondary gods are Ra (the Sun) a man with a hawk's head sui mounted by a disk of the sun ; Seh (Saturn or Kronos) — a man with a goose on his head ; Netpe (Rhea)— a female with a vase upon her head : Osiris (Pluto)— man green- . coloured, clad in white, and wearing the cap decked with ostrich-feathers, in his hands Irtie crook ar.d flagellum ;— also worshipped under the form of Apis, and then jepresented as bull-headed ; Isis (Ceres or Proaerpinej— a female with a throne on her head, occasionally with the head of a cat, and otherwise; Athor (Venus)— a female with a head-dress surmounted with long horns and a solar disk, — often with a hnwk perched on the head, — sometimes cow-heaaed ; Horun (Apollo) — son of Isis and Osiris, a man hawk-headed, crowned with the /7«cAen/,— besides whom there is another Horut Harpocrates represented as an infant with his hand in his mouth, or nursed by Isis* Ehnou (the day)— a youth sitting on a lotus; Hat and O/nAo— good and evil genii J Typho emblemed by the hippopotamus and crocodile ; Anubis, black wi»h a golden face ; Thoth (Mercury or the Moon; a man ibis-headed, holding a tablet and pen,— sometime with a crescent moon on the head; Khons(^ mummy-shaped, holding the flagellum and emblems of-life and stability,— also, a man hawk-headed; /4nou^ (Vesta) wearing a singular crown surmounted by a circle ef feathers j TAoTiei 'Themis)— figure wear- ing two ostxjpjv -feathers ; Buto (another character of Pasht) cat-headed ; Hapi-mooi, (the Nile) a fat man of blue colour, with water-plants growing round his head, and flowers in his hands; the four genii of Amentia (demi-gods of hell,) viz., Amset, Hapi, Smof, and Kcbhusof, with heads respectively, of a man, dog-headed ape jackal and hawk. [Sir a. Wilkinaon*a EgifptJ] All or most of these gods are represented by the idols in these cases respecting which it is to be observed, that those of wood are found in the tombs, those of bronze being objects of domestic worship, and the porcelaii. or stone figures found fastened round tlte necks of mummies. Notice particularly (in 1) a beautiful silver statue of Ameu-ra, wearing the teshr and plume, inlaid with gold ; — a small naos of Amen-ra, with the god seated witliin : a bronze figure of Neith wearing the teshr ; — one of Athor surmounted by vultures — a curious dwarf figure of Pthah-Sochari in porcelain' with bowed legs ;— also figures of Thruce, the lion-headed Horus, and Har-* pocrates. In 3— a figure of Netpe, or Isis, standing, with wings ; Isis seated, suckling Osiris; several figures of Bubastis, Typho, &c., and (in 5) several Gailery of Antigwim EGYPTIAN ROOM.]' - BRITISH MUSBUM. Sgares representing the four genii of Amenti. Respecting mtny of the flgttfM, however, the learned are as yet by no means agreed on their signiflcatiout 6 Mummy- shaped wooden coffin of Penamen, prophet priest of Amen-ra, >t Thebes; round the neck an oskh,— on it are Netpe, Isis, Nepthys, Osiris the four genii of the Amenti, &c. The outer coffin will be seen oter 2''3< Two stands for offerings — one with inscription. 7 — 1 1 Figures of sacred animals, which were of two orders — eitbef deltieSt or emblems of deities. The following are the principal, with their attached deities ; ape and monkey, sacred to Thoth ; dog, wolf, fox, and jackal, M Anubis ; sArcw mouse, to Buto ; cat. to Bubastis ; ait, to Typho ; cow, to Athor ; bull Apis, to Osiris ; falcon, to Ra and other gods ; ibi», to Thoth goose, to Seb ; crocodile, to Savak ; atp, to Neph, and homed- make, to 'A men-ra : — many of these animals are found embalmed in the tombs ; and mammies of them are to be seen in cases 52 — 58. The figures are in wood, bronze, silver, porcelain, and terracotta, of various sizes, and some beaati- folly wrought. 12 — 13 Small statues, chiefly in wood and stone,-TSome few of bronze ind porcelain, representing kings, priests, state-officers, &c., in honour ot whom they were made. 14 — 19 Chairs, stools, a painted three, legged table, vases, and othei IHPLBIIBNTS or DOMESTIC USE AND FURNiT >RE. Notice, also, in case 16, two curious models, — a small one in stone, ol a square house with two doors and six windows, surrounded by a balustrade, the other, in wood, of a granary and court-yard, the door to the latter opening inward, and provided with a sliding bolt, the granary being fiat-roofed, and comprising three rooms opening to the yard by sliding hatches : — the female in the yard is kneading bread. In case 17, also, is a nig of blackish human hair, such as may be seen on the figures of the frescos above the cases, &c., from Thebes. 20, 21 Articles of dress and implements of the toilet. Cap of net- work ; workman's leather apron with pocket ; Egyptian tunic ; sandals of Tarious forms in leather ; palm leaves, papyrus, and wood ; red and green leather lace-boots, &c. ; paint cases for stibium, and paint used for the com- plexion; bronze mirrors with handles mostly in the form of the lotus-sceptre. 22 — 35 Contain vases, cups, bowls, buckets, lamps, &c. The vases appear from their inscriptions to have been appropriated each to its particular substance — as waK, wine, eatables, &c. ; the smaller and more elegant per- fumes,— others to varnish, &c. ; the materials being basalt, serpentine, ala- baster, vitrified porcelains, and terracotta, either painted oi glazed, in red, blue, and green. 22, 23 Two large vases of arragonite, inscribed with the names of kings ; two smaller ditto ; also others of porcelain and pottery ; circular table of arragonite, bearing eight vessels, inscribed to Atkai ; rectangular slab of limestone, with cavities for vases and other objects unknown ; long-necked anointing vases of blue and grey glass, &c. 24, 25 Four-handled blue vase, of a variegated wavy pattern, in porce- lain; small bright blue distaf of porcelain ; terracotta vase of libations, witU spout like a bird's beak, and an oval hole in the centre of the body, the out- ■ side painted with eyes ; flowers and other symbolic figures, &.c. 26 Vases continued :— some few of grotesque shape resembling hu^j females, animals, gourds, pine-cong, &c. Lamps of different kinds, cj^^^ . Greek and Roman. , ^ . .. , . /ine til 27 Inner coffin (cedar) of Har-sen-t-atf, prophet-pnest of Ame'' § f Thebes :— face guilt and dressed in a blue daft and richly ornamen' -on the neck a pectoral plate representing the deceased worshippi. eased «is, and Nephtbys. The mummy belonging to it is in case 69. ^e, a sacred Figure of Osiris wearing the oskh. « yectord plate, and a ^to\u sqwarn t-erei with invocations of the above-mentioned priest ; also a ' , falJety ofAntiquitia. ' P'J-"»t«« «• BtilTlSH JSCSEUM. [WE^TBRN G\LLKK». belonging, to the same, representing the boat of the. supreme god Kneph, mnd the four-fronted ram-headed'type of Amen-ra. '■''■'"/■ , 28, 29 Pateb/v or bowls, some in feldspar and porcelain, of great beantjr, with'others of pottery ; and on the top shelf, two stands for vases. 30 — 32 Vases, ia pottery, of Greek manufacture, with figures of birds, unimals, &c. 33 — 35 Three large buckets, of Bronje, with engraved figures of gods and priests iifTering libations ; — others similar, but smaller ; — crucible-shaped 'ase, and other vessels of different kinds ; — also an obl6bg;^table with handles, jearing rases, bowls, &c. In' Div. 3 are grapes, seeds, &c. In Div. 4 are 1 sickle blade, hoe, pickaxe, and other farming implements. 36, 37 Warlikb weapons ot various kinds : daggers, bows, javelins, arrow-heads, knives, clubs, war-axe, &c. ; — heads of the sceptres called goms. Also, fragments from tombs, with figures of kings, &c. 38 Mummy -shaped coffin of Atineb, a foreigner ; — the face green, dressed in the claft and oskh ; on the breast, Netpe, between Isis and Nephthys, kneeling ; beneath, tiie judgment-scene o.f,the Ainenti, &c. ; at the feet, two jackals, and prayer^ to Osiris and Anubis, &c. .It is ef ■ (ate era. 3.' Instruments for writino and painting.^ — Pallets with grooves for ■lolding writing reeds and wells for colours; wooden .colohr-box ; frag- ments of colour; porcelain stands for colours; slaas .(with^ mullers) for grinding colours ; cylindrical ink-pot in bronze ; wax tablets {pugitlarea) with styli ; culling tnstriiments and pliers, &c.. Notice, also, a curious and finely executed poRTRArx or an Egyptian Lady on a very thin panel of cedar-wood. 40, 41 Flat sc^Uare boxes of palm leaves, probably used In agriculture; one of ivory, with figures, inlaid with colour, uf Venis.' CJupid, and several birds ; also, of spoons, chiefly engraved with figures. On the bottom shelf are bricks engraved with the cartouches of ditf'erent Kgyptian monarchs. 42, 43 Baskets of palm-leaves; mallet, adze, axes, chisels, bradawls, and other tools ; moulds for making clay figures ; smoothing tools ; colouring brushes, &c. 44, 45 Oval and circular baskets of palm-leaves. Musical instru- ments, comprising curious bronze sistra, highly ornamented, from Karnak, with harps (17 strings), cimbals, and flutes. Toys of different kinds, in- cluding draughtsmen used for some game. Notice, also, specimens of linen fabrics, thread, needles, &c. 46—51 Mummies, Coffins, &c. — Several are partly unrolled, to show the qiethod of wrapping : also coffins of children ; one containing the mummy •nvwed with linen, painted to represent the child's face. In 48, notice-r ftragments of the body of a king, found in third pyramid ; fihgers of mum- mies encased in silver ; hair-tresses bandaged, &c. In '46, notice — ■ iiner coffin of Men-ka-re, builder of the third pyramid ;. mummy-shaped coffin of AnchsBunefer, with head-dress of vulture-plumes; on the 'top pictures of Osiris, the genii of Ameati, and other deities, with the embalming scene ;— . 61, inner coffin of an ofliceiof the king's pakce, with the fabcrSd and bearded. 52 — 58 Animal-mummies;, dogs, jackals, bulls, Atfd^oilf'et' sacred animals. ' £9 Mummy-shaped coffin of Iri-ui, son of Selsbl^-^si^itttrly adorned to rfc., Coflin in 38, — which see. '*'''"^' tomu^ures j^-£Uxiarin wood, having on the headi a serial disk, and two tall or sto« pla^Q oil goats' horns. JVo'i'lummies of Snakes,, bandagisd, in shape of oval cakes, teshr an^ Briqi^ from' the Pyramids of Illahoon, Dustoun, and Howvia. seated wi, Sragments from mummy cases. ■urmoant«VIuinmy of Pafaach"n», auditor of the foyal palace, in its Ana with bowedpuuMd r*d, head .. .i slaft, croTined with* scarabsu- in U pocrates. I *^ •tackling O: GttUe, BGYPTIAR ■OOM.J^. BRITISH M'SBi;^ chest an oskb, and at„the iides pendent ursei .with Ihe thaa i-^figurea of Osiris, Isis, Neith, &c., on the top, and jackals at tKe feet. — 2. Muinmf of Penainen, priest of Amen-ra, in its saimon-colpured w.-apper, with oekh, pec- toral plate, &c. — 3. Mammy of Penamen, chief doorkeeper of the tecpple of the Sun. 66 Inner coffin of Ta^iwbem, daughter' (6 ^a porter of the temple ol Amen-ra ; face fiesh-cploared, head in a vnltai'e-claft : — fignres of deities, with the embalment-Bcene, &c. 2. Mummy of tlie above female in sal- oion -coloured bandages^ with network of bugl'63^ and a scarabtens worked in beads. 67 1. Mummyof Katb-t, piiestess of Amen-ra. wrapped in bnff linen, with maroon bandages; face gilt, hair black >od plaited' with lotus-flowers on thii forehead ; — remains of a neck-iillet of blue beads.; arms modelled in wood, and crossed on the breast ; pectoral plate representing Netpe kneeling, the sepulcral scarabteus, &c^ ; also, a copper mode} of the mummy. 2. Coffin of the above ; represented as partly bandaged^'and the hands holding lotus- flowers; — the groundwork buff,, with maroon bands, showing the mode of bandaging. Fictur.es, hieroglyphica, &c., as before. ' 68 Coffin and mummy of H'ai^, incense-beal-er of the Temple of Num : the mummy is placed betweeq the lid and ^hest, neatly bandaged in blue striped linen, with transverse bandages of yellow, pink, and brown. 69 1. MummyofHai-sen-t-atf,l'heban priest of Amen-ra in Thebes(from coffin in 27) ; upper part in ^ blue linen covering, embossed and gilded with hgures, as usual ; on the bo(^ 1:he boats Of Ha and Neph, the embalment- Bcene, &c.,'and on the soles Of the sandals^ two captive bearded Asiatics. 2. Coffin containing the mummy of Pachruf-hai-naa-ubsh, incense-b«arer in the temple of Clions, having a tiectoVal' (%t'e with an ibis, ostrich feather and small chest : other paintings .^uch as. usual. 70 1. Mummy of Har-em-hbai, a patra, of the family of Soter. In the centre of the room — 77 Coffin of Cleopatra, of the family of Soter, oblong shape, with a Taulted cover. On the arched cover are the judgment-scenes before Ra and Osiris ; the sacred boats and the mummy of the deceased brought by Anubis to Osiris and Ra. At the ends are the emblems of the soul, &c. lu tlx interior is an astronomical projection. 78—80 Sepulchral tablets. 81 Objects of attire, amulets, and sepulchral ornaments, gold and silver ear-rings and pendents ; rings and signets of carnelian, jasper, &c. ; — some with royal cartouches. 82 Necklaces, bracelets, beads, &c. (See Gen. x!i. 42.) Si< Finger- rinc^s, some in openwork, of porcelain, ivory, &c. 84—86 Sepulchral tablets. 87 Pectoral plates (hung round the necks of mummies, and commonly bearing the name of the deceased,) in arragonite, basalt, porcelain, &c. 88 Beads, amulets, scarabni, &c., of various materials. 89 Sepulchral amulets in the form of two figures of the human heart, and •carabasi. 90 Coffin of Soter, an Archon of Thebes — with the usual embellishments of the infernal deities, sacred boats, astronomical projection, &c., — the whole mieeuted in Grneco- Egyptian style in salmon-coloured work on a black ground. •1—93 Sepulchral tablets. 3f4 Various specimens of Egyptian glass. 95 Amulets, sepulchral monuments, and objects of attention ; amulets of amethyst, carnelian, porcelain, &c., from necklaces, rings, &c., — mostly in the shape of the scarabieus, &c. ; many inscribed with cartouches of kings. 96 Scarabsei, completely carved. 97 — ^99 Sepulchral tablets. 100 Sejjuichral scarabaei, engraved with prayers, found between the folds if the inner bandages and on the chest of the mummies. Notice one of green jasper set in gold, from the coffin of king Enentif. 101 Bandlets, sepulchral sandals, and other ornaments, from mummies 102 Gilt ornaments of wood or linen, representing deities ; also, fragments ef garlands, from mummies. The great coloured frescos let into the walls above the Cases are — Over Cases 8 — 25. The conquests of Rameses II. over the people of Ethiopia, and the tribute brought by those people to the monarch. Casts of (calptures from the entrance of the temple of Beit-oually, near Kalabshe in Xubia. Over Cases 40 — 57. The conquests of Rameses II. over the peoole of Asia, captives brought to the monarch, &e. Casts of the sculpture from the en- trance of the same temple. Over the other Cases are coffins, &c., and several figures of Osiris. Imme- diately over the entrance is an embossed gilt cross on leather, from h* Mstment of a Copt priest, not later than A.I>. 640. In the eentre of tix room — Model of the gr«at obelisk of Karnak. iaUtr' ^ Ant'-^mlie*. TBB BRITian UDSfeDH. [eTR'SCAM ROOM*. THE ETRUSCAN ROOMS. There are, perhapsj but few relics of antiquity which deserve, and indeed attract, greater notice than these venerable remains of ancient art. They are curious objects of research, if considered only in relation to tlie fabulous or the real early history of Greece, but beyond this they are subjects well worth the study of the artist, from the masterly style in which the legends are depicted. To attempt to give, an explanation of the different subjects displayed on tliem would require a very great amount of classical knowledge ; the greater pat t seem related to the legends and rites of Bacchus, as the figures and attributes, nine out of ten, are connected with his worship ; many of the ■uhjects are taken from the Iliad and Odyssey of Homer, or from the real or a fabulous history of ancient Greece ; some in the collection represent gymnastic games, aiid we are told that the reward of a victor was often but the presentation of a simple earthen vase. The circumstance cf the designs being better and more accurately executed on some of them on one side thau the other, seems to denote that they were placed in some sacred depos- itory, and iot intended to be moved, as vases in common use ; some have no bottom, and such are always of a long and narrow shape. Many of the designs on these vases would appear to have been executed when the grand style of art existed and the natural grace in the actions and woveracQts of the figures is admirable. I 79 ■ltlTI>H IIIISEUH. ; ^VAS RoO ^. FIRST VASE ROOJL The present collection is arranged chronologically and' according to the local- ities in which they were found. Cases 1 — S are vase~ oFheavy black ware, some with figures upon iheni in bas-reliel', the work of tlie ancient Ktruscans, and principally found at Vulci and Cervetri or C sere, the ancirnt Agylla. 1 — 5 Vases of eiirly style, called "NolaiPEgyptian or Phcenici^^n, with pale backgrounds and figures in a deep reddish maroon colour, chiefly uf harpies, sphinxes, griffins, &c. 6 — 29 Vases in the Greek style, — the figures block, on an orange ground — quaint, stiff, and peculiar, although exquisitely finished, and generally mytho- logical, epresenting processions, groups of gods, &c. The great vases (12 — 19) are good examples of ihis style. 30 Brown vases vi\i\i bladt figures, but painted with a sketchy and flowing ease, on vases of inferior material and execution in designs not native but imita- tive. 31 — i9 Vases of Finished Greek style — hlaclc vases with red figures, belongin,{ to the best age of the art, and representing stories of gods and heroes, with occasional incidents of domestic-life, — the forms of all being .elegant, spirited, and true to nature. Chiefly from VUlci and Canino, 50 — 69 Vases of Ancient style, from Athens, Greece proper, and the Archi- polago. 61 — 72 Vases of the Greek style, with representationa on both sides. SECOND VASE ROOM. The Painted Vases in this Room, Cases I — 43, are of a later style of Goeek art (about 350 — 2119 B c), chiefly found in Apulia and Lncania and the province of the liasilicata, to the south ol Rome. They are ornamented with red figurrs on a black ground. The latter is dull and often lead-coloure I. '*'ite ornaments are florid, and the forms of the vases lesa simple than those 1 therto described. The subjects represented mostly relate to the D)*oiicsia Vitivals, Eros, Venus, and funeral otferirga. The other side ofthefaom is occupied with the collection of Greek «nJ Roman terracottas. Cases 44—^.9, contain sm lU Statues, and other a, tides, a> ffiodels or masks, heads, harlds, and feet; some of which are interesting, ■> pxhibiting specimens of Roman head dresses. Cases 68 — 72, contain Rumso I<|tiips, (1) tj;rra-gof% <)isp'*)''"S '^ '"' diversity of fanciful forma. i-«e BRITISH MUSEUM. BB:>NZE. BOOM 3Sronje • RITISH HUSEVM O^tJbnograptiral liloom. [ftf called from ethim, * Greek word, signifying nation or tribti and in thia lepartmeir ■atlonal manners and custonih, arts and iniplements, are illustrated by the specimen deposited in^thls room, arranged according to tiie several nations. Ttie contents of which Mf« exceedingly interesting, and hsTe been greatly enriched by Taluable presents from W UiOesty, the Earl Dudley, Mr Tradeacant Lay, &c.] In the centre of the Room are placed : — Model of the Thugs, made by a native artist at Madras, Model of a moveable temple called in the Gametic, f herup, or Rhudum. Chinese bell, from a Buddhist temple near Ningpo. The upper part oma^ mented mth the Imperial dragon, the national emblem of China, crouching aa forminp the handle. Model in cork, of the Temple of the Sybyl at Tivoli, Plaster cast oi the shield of Achillei. Modelled bv Flaxman. Against the pilasters are placed : — Inlaid Indian cabinet. Colossal figure of the Burmese Idol, Gaudma, in gi/t wood. Statue of Pattinee Dewa. Idol fountain from the Rohilla country. Cases 1 — 5. Objects from China; including varioiu figures of Chinese divinities and ascetics of the different sects, animals, &c. 6, 7. Figures of Buddha, and his attendants, from Bir- mah. Notice, a figure of Hamata, or Lakshmi, the con* sort of yithnu, bearing the lotus flower iu her hand, 8, 9 Hindu divinities. 10, 11 Baskets, water- horn, and shield from Nubia, and Abyssinia, 12,13, Specimensof clotli mostly of native fabric, parchased at Kgga, by th: Niger expedition. 14, 15, Esquimaux dress ' es, &C., from North America 16, 17. Clubs, knives tomahawks, and other arti- cles, from the N. W. CaasI of America. 18, 19, Specimens of sculpture, and other article^ froia North America. XO-64 20.21 bMtish huseuu. Various specimens of bai^e'. work, frcm the north coait America. Seal-skin dies*. >^»^ dbg^harne^s for a sledge, and throwmg sticki from Labrador. iS.-ii. Objects; from Mexico : — various '.terra- cotta ;!ngures of divinities (ind diiefs, &c., from lie ombs of Anahuac. 25, 26. Large Vases, witblfiguies in front, in bas-relief J the work of the Aztec inhabitants, previous to the Spanish invasioil, "J7l_3(j_ Vases of various styles, many coloured with ornamental designs j the workof the Aztecs. 31, 32. Objects from British and French Gui- nea. 33, 34, Blow-pipes for shooting poi&oned arrows, bows ..and. arrows, from British Guiana. 35. Mummy of a fe- male fr'om New Qranada, and df a child, from Ariel, in Peru! 36, 37, 'Vessels, of red and black ware, displaying great diversity of form ; as the bottle with the-singu- Isrly distorted figure of a dwarf attatched to it, and the quadruple vessel, with the dwarf figure belonging to it. These were taken from the tombs of the ancient inhabitants of Peiu, the subjects of the Inca^ or princes who ruled over that coutry before it was conquered by the Spaniards. 38. 39. Objects from Patagonia 40. Inlaid box of basket from the Pelew Islands. ,41,42. Bows and arrows, spears and, javelins, and otiier articles, from Errboe or Darnley Island. 44 — 48 Bows, a rowsj' spears, and fishing spears, from New Guinea. ^ , 49, SO. Clubs and fishing baskets, from the Figi Islands. 51,52. Idols, featheriornoments, dresses, and ,othet 4rticlcs, from Polynesia. 53,64 Sun fans, specimens of basket work, &c, from the Marquesas and Siindwich Islands, 55,56. Grotesque heads of red feaih'ers, and snells worshipped as idols, from the Sandwitfh Isles. 57. War-dress, of feathers pearl &c., from Tahiti 68 — 61. Baskets, fishing nets, tattooing instru- (Si' ■ ^-^S*^^^ ments, and other articles, from Tahiti, ' THE BRITISH MUSEUM. ©allerg of i^atiiraX flistorg. At the top of the grand staircase commence the suite of rooms appropriated to Natural History, the arrangements of wliioh are now nearly complete. These galleries occupy, on the upper floor, the eastern portion of the south front, and the whole of the eastern and northern sides of the quadrangle, and ;ue divided into five distinct pai-ts, all of which, except the first (stUl inooM- ulete), are now open to the public. 1. The Botanical -Museum. 2. The Mammalia Gallery. 3. The Eastern Zoological Galleri. 4. The Northern Ditto. 5. The Northern or Mineral Gallekt, The collection of animals has been greatly increased within the last few years, at a vast annual expense; and, being admirably arranged under the superintendence of its inde&tigable curators, Messrs. Konig and Gray, paay now, both for extent and beauty of exhibition, vie with the first Museums oJP Continental Europe. . To render the contents and classification of these galleries more intelligible to the ordinaiy visitor, whose pursuits have not led him to make Natural History a separate study, a few general remarks on the distinguishing pecu- liarities of the different classes of animails are prefixed (in a smaller type than that of the mere description) to each subdivision of the Zoological and Mineral galleries. The Animal Kingdom is usually classed by modem naturalists under four great divi^ons: — Vertebrata, or animals having a spinal column ; Artieulatat or animals without an inter- nal slceleton ; Mollueca, "soft-bodied" animals, mostly inclosed in shells; and Radiata, the lowest division, in which the digestive organs o«cupy the centre of the body, ftom v,'hich the other organs radiate. At present,' we have only to do with the 'VmTBBR^ED Animals ; which have an internal bony skeleton, one portion of which contains. the great nervous centre of animal life (the brain and spinal chord) ; locomotive members, never exceeding four; red blood, five senses, generally active, and a higher intelligence than other animals. They are subdivided into four well-marked classes; Mwmmalia, orTlvi- parous animals (suckling their young, which they bring forth alive); Birds, : Reptiles, and FUhetj all Oviparous, — ^their young being produced, except iu a few instances, m>m eggtt. W^z JUammalta ffiallerg. The collection of animals is contained in three galleries, and, for the oonv»- nience of exhibition, is arranged in two series. The beasts, birds, reptiles, and fish are exhibited in the wall-cases. The hard parts of the radiated, mollusca, and annulose animala, as shells, corals, sea-eggs, star-fish, Crustacea, andinsects, and the eggs of birds, are arranged in a series in the table-cases of the several rooms. GaUery of Natwai Bii*«m. 1. 1__2(, BRITISH MUSEUM. [ciaiTKAXi SALOON, The Mammalia Galleiy derives its name from the oircmnatance ot its con^ taining a lai-ge and well-assorted collection of the mammal animals. Mammals (mostly quadrupeds) are divided into o^ere, by the fomation of their teeth und feat — cttcumatmoes iriving a key both to their food and their habits. Setting out of tteJ^tl^nSwr Spies the or4er B^masa, at the head of this class, separatei from^ rest orthe Mam£.^bya co(lsperable|nt^al,-th6 Mammalia are naturally liivided into the following orders :— 1. Qdabkumasa (four-handed) :-monkeys, andlemnis. 2. Cabnaru (flesh eating)^, lion, tiger, dog, bat, seal, *c. 3. Maksumalia (pouched): kangaroo, oppossum. 4. RODENTIA (gnawing) : squirrel, mouse, hare. e. Kdentata (toothless) : mole, -armadillo. ... x. v 6. MONOTUEMATA (with one excretory cavity): omithorhynohus, 7. Pachyukkmata (thick-skinned) : elophamti hog, &c. '8. goiiPEDES (solid-hoofed): horse, ass, zebra. 9. EuMiNAMTiA (cud-chewing): cow, sheep, giraffe, deer. 10. Cbtacea (whales): porpoise, dolphin, dugong, &c. (Central Sialooti. In the centre of the room is placed THE GORIlLa, a native of equatorial Africa, and the largest species of Ape known. This extraordinary animal was shot by P. B. Du Chaillu, Esq., and was purchased by the trustees, from that gentleman, with some other specimens, for the sum of £500. The Gorilla isof the average height of man, five feet, eight inches; hi* brain case is low and narrow, the fore part of the skull is high, and there is a very prominent ridge above the eyes, the top of the head being perfectly flat. The neck is short, the head pokes forward. The relative proportions of the boily and limbs are nearer those of man, yet they are of more ungainly aspect than in any other of tlie brute kind. Lung, shapeless arms, thick and muscular with scarcely any diminution of size deserving the name of wrist (for at the smallest they are fourteen inches round, while a strong man's wrist is not above eight); a wide, thick hand, the palm long, the fingers short, swollen and gouty-looking f capacious chest, liroad sliouklers ; legs^lso thick and shapeless, destitute of calf and very muscular, yet short; a hand-like foot with a thumb to it, of huee dimensions and portentous power of grasp. A tree is the gorillas sleeping place by night, his pleasant abode by dav, ami his castle of defence. If surprised as he waddles along, instantly he bctakr^ Aim to all-fours applyinn; the back part of the bent knnckles of the fore-lian(i< t-o the ground, and makes liis way rapidly, with an oblique, swinging kind of jVallop to the nearest tree, from which he .awaits his foe, should the latter be liardy, or foolhardy, enongh, to pursue. No full-grown gorilla has evpc hepu taken alive. Young ones occasionally- have been snatched from the female's arms, after she herself has been mortaly wounded ; but the young animals have' invariably died. • , .'■' On the floor areplaced two very fine specimens of the Giraffe or Camel-leopard, one of the Uuminantia; and the tallest of animals, a spccie,s confined to the desert regioi s of Afiiea. and fee. ling on shrubs and leaves, which its great height i?nibles it to pluck fron! tlie loftiest srees; also specimens of the African llhinoceros, the Manilla ISufTalo, and the Morse, or Walrus from the North Sea. Cases 1 — ^^20, Comprise the Ruminantia. The, members are marked chiefly «y cutting tecih only in the lower jaw, and a considerable interval between the grinding and cutting teeth. The hoof isl divided, and they chew the cu4. The tnminants are of all animals, the most useful to man. 1 — 20. The Bovine, or ox tiibe, ingluriing gnus, antelopes, chamois, &c. Most "f 'he«s>SCi> relives of Africa w Asia; one only — the chamois — of Europe. CENTRAL SALOON.] BRITISH MUSEUM. 13-44 12 — 20. Gazelles, anUlopes, «c. Notice the. different degrees of vigour, of size, and of strength, in animals brought from different countries. 21—24. The collection of Sats, comprising the family Cheiroptera (hand'iwinged) of the Caknaria. Their chief distinction is the posses' lion of wings formed by an extension of membrane over the greatly-felong- ated fingers of the fore, and from these to the hinder, extiemity, by which the animal is capable of true Qight. They inhabit both hemis- pheres, and thirteen species are said to be natives of Great Britain. One group only livespartially an vegetable ^od; this fa^mily abounds in Jnva, and the Eastern Archipelago, where one species.-measures five feet across the wings. Notice (23), the vampire, from South America, said to suck the blood, of its prey, which it fans meanwhile with its wings: — (24) the DicUdura, from Brazil, conspicouous for their white downy bodies. Over the wall cases, are ranged a series of horns of the Huminantia, amengst which are fine specimens of the buffalo, gour, ox, yak, musk ox, &c. Leaving the OEttTRAL Saloon, the visitor enters the ^outf)trn Zootogtcal (©alUrg, On the floor on each side of this room are placed specimens of the one and two-horned rhinoceros, a small specimen of the Indian elephant, a young African elephnat, a young,' half-grown, and an adult Hippotamus, from South Africa, the American tapir, and the kuda or tennu from Sumatra, all belonging to the P»chydermata, the chief characters of which are largp incisor teeth, which, in the elephant become tiisks j no true canine teeth ; feet hoofed or enveloped in a horny skin, skin' of body callous or hairy j hearts beneafli chest. They are mostly inhabitants of warm climates, ani ate allied to the whales, through the walrus and the dugong. .—IS BRITISH UL'SEUM. [south zocl. oak. 1, 2. The Camel tribe, including the Llamas of South America, used by the Peruvians as beasts of burden. Some of them will -arry the weight of from 150 to 200 pounds, travelling fifteeh miles a day. over the roughest roads. Like the Musk-deer tribe, they have no horns — a distinction from all other Ruminantia. Ifotice, i black fwan. , 3 — 16, The Bovine or ox tribe. Notice in (4) white Scotch bull (5) Polish bull, a young buffalo. (8) Lithuanian bison. (9) Ameri- can bison. (11, 12) Fine speci- men of the impoophoo or eland. 3—8. The tribe of Pj^j, includ- ing the boar, the babirousa, and the Etiiiopian hog of the old world, and the peccary of America. 9 — 16. Comprise the Edentata, a class without front teeth, having claws, like the Carnaria, and stomach of four sacs, like the Ruminants, divided into two genera one consisting of insect-eating animals, covered with hard plates or coarse hair, as the armadillo and manis ; the other, the Tardigrada, com- prising sloths, remarkable for their slow movements. Notice (16), the peeuliar fnrmation of some of the latter. Most of the members of this class are A'lterican. 9. Tribe of ilfanijes; they" have no teeth, live on ants, and walk on the outer sides of their feet, with claws turned, in as the scaly glutton. 10. The tribe of Armadilloet, from South America. 1 1, 12. The tribe of Orye- teropit,coxi&aei. to Africa, feet on ants, and sit on their haun- ches near ant- nests, IS, 14. The tribe of ant-eaters, confined to South America. IS. Contains the Monotremata, natives of Australia. These peculiar animals have, like birds, only one opening for all excretions (whence their name), with bills like those of ducks. There are but two known genera or species ; echidna, a burrowing animal covered with spines ; and the OTnithtf yncAwt or duck-billed platypus, covered with a dowpy.skin, having webbed feet, and .long considered oviparous (and which is by some classed with bir:!!;). Th; presence ?f nipplfc and the fact that it brings forth its young lOUTH. lOOL. OAl.] BRITISH MUSEUU. IS-M aUTe, are placed beyond doubt. Hotice specimens of both the platypus and ediidaa. 16. The family of Sloths; they live on trees, eating leaves, and are con« ■■cdto America. Notice, the Yellow faced sloth. 47—26. The Deer tribe. Kotice (17) red deer, (18) a fine axis, or cheetal, (19) the wapitis, front ■ Sortli America, remark- able for the amplitude of their horns, (22) the fallow-deer, (24) rein deer, (26) a fine elk. 27—30. The Mtuk- deer tribe. These are the smallest of the rumi- nant animals; they in- habit Asia and the East- ern Archipelago. The Moschus moscMfera, a na- tive of the high table- land of Central Asia, yields mush, which is secreted in a pouch under the abdomen. 27—29. The members of the SoLiFEDEs, an order formerly included nnder the Pachyderuata, and consisting of but one genus, that of the horse, asiibc. — animals having six cutting and six grindiA'^ teeth in each JRW ; in the male, two additional canine teeth, with a vacant interval (as in the Ruminants)^ beiween these .'^nd the grinders. ■ Hoof complete : stomach single ; no chewing the cud (in all these particulars differ- ing from ruminant animals). Notice (21) some zebras, and their young, native! of Western Africa, i 31—32. The tribe of Camels, includinjf the Vicunas, from South America. Notice a very fine specimen. Over the Wall-cases, are ranged a series of the horns of different species if Antelopes. TSotice those of the water bock, and serpent eater. 1—20 BBrnsn itoseuu. [uammali^ saloon; JSammalia Saloon. Ik tlie wall-cases are arranged the specimens of handed and rapacious beast^ and'in the table-ca:;eB the general collection of corals. 1-^20. Contain the Quadrumanous, or foxir-handed Mamxaua. They have distinct and well-defined cutting, canine, and grinding teeth, in a regular uninterrupted series. The front, and most generally the hinder extremities, are in the shape of a hand, having the thumb placed I'^wer down than the rest of the fingers, so that it enables the animals to grasp bodies with great secu- rity, — a matter or great importance in climbing animals. Teita placed on the cheat ; and brain much more developed than in most other beasts. They are divided into three families, — apes, American monkeys, and lemurs. 1 — 11. Apes (Simiadnse), having the same number of teeth as man, and the fore extremities longer than the hmdcr. Except one species, naturalized at Gib- ralter, they are cni^ned to the warm regions of Asia and Africa. The true apes are marked by having no tail, which member the baboons, and other fa- tniliea of monkeys, posses. Notice (1) the Chimpailzee, a native of equatorial Africa, vary closely approaching the human form; and (2) the urang-utang (wild man of the woods), a native of Borneo and other islands of the East Archipelago ; (1 — 3) several siamanga from tropical Asia, and skeleton of the siamang and orang-outang; near which is ju(£ciously placed a human skull, enabling the observer to notice the superior development of its frontal region, &c., over that of the eiulls ef inferior animals. 4. , The Capped Apej (Presbytinia), nativea of Asia, having tails which, how- ever, are not pre'' ensile. Unlike the Chimpanzee, &c., they usually go on the fouf hands. Notice \1) the Hoonuman, a gray-coloured species from Bombay, considered sacred iii India, where it figures as one of the Hindoo gods; (i) a Xpung Vervet, from the Cape of Good Hope; the African Callithrix; (5) tii* •earded monkey from Fernando Fo (two fine specimens); the red sand monkey, 5 — 9. Monkeys of t'<£ Old World have cheek-pouches, callosities on the buttocks, and the fore extremities shorter than the hinder. They live in societies, ajid jl?jcipaljy on vegetable food. Notice (5) the Colobns Guereza, a noble specimen from Abyssinia, and of the skin of which the *}■ e;! of that eountry make shields ;. (11) the Wandaroo from India. 10 — 12. Bahoons. confined to Africa, their muzzle is more protuberant than that of apes and monkeys, and they have generally little or no tail. They have a large bag connected with the organ of voice, by which the poTirer of the latter is greatly increased. Notice (12) the Mandrill, or Ribbed Nose Baboon from Guinea, the cheeks of which are blue, while the nose ia red. 13 — 18, Monkeys 6f the New World, diotinguiahed from those of the eastern hemisphere by having four more teeth, nostrils opening at the sides of the oose; no cheek pouches, or callosities, and a long prehensile tail, which com- peifsates for an imperfection of the thumbs. They live together in vast num' bers in the woods of South America, living chiefly on vegetable food. Notiet (18) the striped Marmoset (Jacchiia). The genus Outtitis, to which it belongs, difiers from all others of this Order in having the foi-o-thumb so slightly sepa- rated from the other fingers as scarcely to form a hand. 19, 20. Lemwrs, mosUy confined to Madagascar, where thirteen species are known. They have the muzsle prolonged, and the teeth suited eminently for animal food. The true Lemurs have long and ornamental tails. Notice (19) the Ruffed Lemur; (19) Ring-tailed Maeauco, and skeleton of the same ; ' (20) Little Calago ; and the Colugoa, or Flying Lemurs (GalaopitAecidte), native! Gallery of Natural BUlvry. 4. MAMMALIA SALOON, j BBITISH MUSEUM. 21 6» of the East Archipelago, and fonmng a link between monkeys and bats, by naving their limbs connected together with an extension of the skin, being in- eectivorous. and suspending themselves in a similar manner, when preparing to sleep. 21 — 29. Comprise the Carnaria, or beasts of prey, which are marked by well-defined witting, canine, and .grinding teeth, feet clawed, without an op- posable thumb oil fol'e-feet; orbit fiontinuous with the depression' pif the temples; smell very acute ; intestines compai'atively short. This order is separated into the classes Chwopteram, Inseeti/oorons, and AmphMaus divi- sions, and numerous species or tribes. 21 — 29. The Feline or cat tribe, including the lion, tiger, leopard, panther, ocelot, lynx, &c., niost of them inhabiting hot countries, as India, Africa, South America &c. The lynx and wild cat are, however, natives of Europe. Notice (case 21) fine specimens of the African Hon ; the (27) wagati, leopardux viver- pedes; and ocelot (25) ; a noble Bengal tiger, and (27) some fine leopards. 30, 31. The Hyena tribe — chiefly from Africa and Southern Asia. Notict tiie Striped Hyena from the Cape, and the Tiger-Wolf from South Africa, &c. 32 — 36. The Ci/oet tribe. These animals all yield the secretion that has long been esteemed by some as a scent. Notice (32) some well-preserved Genets. ^35) The Zenick, Paguma, and Musang. 37 — 42. The Camims or Dog tribe, including dogs, wolves, and foxes. Notict (40) a very fine and well-preserved fox. ■43 — 45. The Weotsel tribe, including weasel, ferret, marten, polecat, glutton, skunk, badger, otter, &c. Notice, in 44 and 45, badgers and otters very finely preserved. i 46 — 50. The Bear tribe (the teeth of which adapt them to a partially vege- table diet), comprising the coati, racoon (confined to America), wah, living' in the snowy region of the Himalaya, and having the soles of its feet hairy. The bears here are not numerous. Notice (46) Brown Bear from Sweden. 51, 52. The Mole tribe, including liedgehogs. The visitor will be surprised to observe the number of varieties of this (as of the weasel) tribe. Notice tha <;/tr^soeA?om or Golden Mole, an Asiatic variety^ aiid the only quadrupod known CO present any approach to the splendid colouring adorning the lower qjumals. 53 — 64. Comprises the Mabsupialia, remarkable (hke the Monotremaia) for the premature production of their young. The members ot this order varf greatly as to their teeth; but mostly agree in their hind being much longer lian their fore legs. Two peculiar bones attached to the pelvis supporoa pouch, in which the imperfect young are retained. The Oppossums are na- tives or America; but all the other members of the group belong to Australia and the neighbou ing islands ; where, with the Monotremaia, they form ahnoet the only native quadrupeds. 53 — 56. The Phalcmgers, including specimens of the Hepopmas from New- Holland and Van Diemen's Land. Notice (53) The Sugar Squirrel. 56 — 64. The Kangaroo tribe with some of the wombait.- Notice (56) tloB skeleton of a, small kangaroo, and a specimen of a flying-kangaroo ; kangaroo <56) with young in the pouch; the wombat (62) a burrowing jmimal differing in several important respects from the other marsupialia; also the Tasmanian Wolf and the Tasmanian Devil. Some of the small anin^ (in 62) are well- preserved. , ;.'y 65. The Oppossums. These have a thumb on each' extremity like the quad- ramana. Notice a small animal of this kind with many yming on its back. 65. The Seartnbe. Notice the Australian Eared Seal, the West-Indian Hooded Seal, and the Sea Bear from the Cape. 06—68. Th? RoDBNTiA, or gnawing aatuals, and doubtless the most numerowi »f jtH mammalia ; including the rat, mouse, beaver, mannot, procupine, haxe, Oallery qf i'dtnral Uiatory. 5. f'6— 81 BRITISH MUSEUM. [MAMMAUA SALOON. &c. They have two strong cutting teeth in each jaw, generally considered tc be the incisors, but by some said to be the canines — the true incisors being absent, which are separated by a long interval from the grinders. They are generally leaping animals, approaching the Marsupialia in the formation of their' extremities. The inferiority of this to most of the other orders of quad- rupeds is very perceptible ; the bones of the fore-arm are often united, eyea directed side-ways, and the brain, like that of birds, is nearly destitute of convolutions. 66 — 68. Mice: a good collection. iVottcc the vast variety of species; among others (67) the Pouched Rats {Saccomyna), and a well-preserved specimen of the small water-rat. 69. Zibets and Beavers. Notice, also, the groimd pig and spiny rats, which, link this family to that of the agoutis and porcupine. . ,. , . 70 — 72. Agoutis and Cavies: Notice, on the upper shelf, two good specimens ' of the p6rcupine, a native of Italy; Sicily, and Spain> and nearly the largest of J the Kbdentia. Notice also the ui'sbn of North America ; the sooty paca ; some well-preserve'd Guinea pigs, and the Capybaru of Tropical America. 73^75. Hares, most of which inhabit northern countries, and one species iti this country as well as in Arctic regions, changes white in winter. The hare chews the cud, though without the complex stomach of -the Buminan- tia. Notice fine specimens of the Polar, Irish, and Altaic hares ; and domestio rabbits on^ the upper shelf. . j \, ■ 76. Gerboas, Dormice, fact they ape the skeletons of the animals themselves. In some of the Poly- Ifeia, "tke outer skin is hardened into a sbeatb for the protection of the oot^ Bctila body of the .animal; while^ in others, thp body of the auinoai lii>eU', ta CMUery of Natv/ral Hiaary 6. MAMMALIA SALOOJf.J BRITISH MUSEUM. 0—32 it enlarges in size, is gradually transformed into a hard and stony coral, by the contanusd deposition of earthy particles into the older part of its substimce.'' — Mr. Oi-ay. V i.''^"f*'"?lf^ species are compound— thai is, a multitude of individuals are liDKea together m one common body, and nourished in common; so that what is^^ten by one goes to the nourishment, more or less, of the whole group." Some Polypes are so large and powerful that their suckers can grasp and destroy animals of considerable size; and instaQces are upon record of mao havrngflost their lives in this way, while bathing in warm climates. The coral.* sre divided mto three orders. 1—20. Comprise the order Zoamthana (Animal Flowers). Notice (2) the curious turbinolia, in which the animals are solitary ; (2) The sandy corticifera, the sea- mushroom; (C, upright case) fine tree-shap- ed coral; (7) The clove coral of the Medi- terranean; (10) the brainstone formed by a> number of individual polypes crowded to- gether in an hemispherical mass; (F) beauti- fill species ; (Q) very large and plate-shape(i coral; (15 H) the Ught and elegant madre- pores ; (J) tubular and poriferous species, the latter apparently allied, to the sponges; (18) some deUcately-coloured species ; (JK) very fine corals. 20. Mittepores, which form the coral reefs that abound in the Pacific : their growth is most rapid ; and they eipand themselves with facility over all the different objects that come in their way ; thus we have them covering shells,, bottles, homy corals, and assuming the shape of all the things they cover. Notice a shell and a piece of bottle wholly covered with their skeletons. 21 — 28. Order Zoophytaria. Notice (21) some curiously-variegated and knotted specimens; the brightly-coloured Isis; andMelitoa; and Vha Tuhipora or organ corals, which have their skeletons outside.' 29, 30. Order Pohjpiaria, to which the hydra, or. fresh-water polype belongs. The marine kinds have the outer skin homy, forming a sheath for the sto- mach, &c., and into which the he££d, tenlScles, and other parts, can be witii> drawn. 31, 32. Polyzoa, soinewhait similar to the last order, but more complex, having a regular digestive^ canal, and the fresh- water kinds being uniBexual. Over the waU cases are arranged the different kinds of' seals, porpoises, and dolphins. These belong to the order Camaria. Notice the sea-leopard, th« Bo'uthem sea-lion, and the crested seal. Over the cases are also several specie9> of Cetacea, — a.n JTTia.l.g having the general aspect of fishes; but the tail extend- ing honzontally, not vertically> as in fishes': no scales, and warm blood;— number, of teeth not uniform; peculiar and distinctive nostrils (blowers), jaw^ and !head ;, arms and legs covered by membrane ccoiverting them into fins. Notice the dugong, a native of the eastern seas, which (or a similar species) iai supposed to have given the ancients their idea of the mermaid. From the MstTnitiaHa. Saloon the visiter enter^ the Eastebit Zooumicac GArXBBT. Qatttry (^Nataral Bittory. 7. J— 30 BRITISH MUSEUM [k»st. eastern Zoological <3alltxs!* This splendid apartment, which runs nearly the whole)length of the eastern wing, is devoted to the reception of the Birds, and the shells of Molluscous animals. The collection of the former is most splendiJ, comprising not only th« Sloanian specimens, but those of Colonel Montague, General Hardwicke, a great number from Holland, and a great variety obtained dui:ing the last ten years, both by purchase and bequest. *»* The visiToB is requested, in examinino the contents or this GALLERY, TO GO DOWN THE LEFT, AND RETURN ALONG THE RIGHT SIDE, INSPECTING THE SHELL-CASES ON THE SECOND PASSAGE THROUGH THB ROOM BIRDS. . Birds are warm-blooded animals, covered with featherEs, and their bones almost nniveiaal^ full of cells communicating with the lungs, in order to ' facilitate their means of flight. Th^ are divided, chiefly by the formation of the beak and feet, into the following orders : — 1. Raptores (birds of prey); condor, esgle, falcon, owl. 2. Passeres (perchers) ; swallow, crow, humming-bird. 3. ScANSOKBS (climbers) ; cuckoo, parrot, woodpecker. 4. Gallinacejg (fowls); peacock, pheasaftt, grouse. b. GaALLATOREB (waders) ; ostrich, crane,^rail, 6* AneIerbs (geese); swan, diver, pelican. Cases 1 — 3-5. (beginnitig'on the left-hand side) fcontaining Raptores (birds ' of prey), matkeil by strong hooked bills, and large sharp talc nsj'^fe male usually Jargei* than male They are divided into two fatmilies ; those whopur** sue tlieir depredations by day : aiid those which wait till night cloaks theic proceedings. It is almost possible to read the special instincts of the two >&imilijesi^ thfjir foi'mation, and expression, ■ 1 — 30. Diurnal birds of ptey. >'. ., 1. The Bearded Vulture, or lammergeyer, of the Alps and Himayiayu Mountains. They live chiefly on carrion. «A,ST ZOOL OAL-i BRITISH MUSEUM, 36—55 Cases 36—83. Passerbs, ^perching birds,) in "wbich the foot Is especiilly atted fpr grasping by the hinder toe, being invariably on the same level with those m front. This order, however, comprises many birds greatly unlike in ■other points, and which are divided into four groups, according to the form of 'heir bills; as the Piaairostres, (broad-beaked) including the goat-sucker, «wallow, kmg-fisher, &c. ; Tenuiroatrea, (slender-beaked,) humming birds, wrens, &c. ; Coniroalres, (conical-beaked,) crow; lark, fiacji, bird of Paradise ; Dentiroatrea, (with the bill notched, as in birds of prey,) shrike, thrush, fiycatcher, &c. 36, 37. Goat-auciers (absurdly so termed), nocturnal birds, Irving on moths, and laying their eggs on the bars ground. Notice the tails of soma species presenting two long quills feathered only at the end. Some todies (39) •have a similar conformation, 38. Swallowa, not very numerous. Notice a cream-coloured specimen of the chimney swallow, a white-winged swallow from South America, and the large Proe«e7)Krp«rea of North America. *»* In the Table-case adjacent, containing eggs, &e., is a specimen of the small swallow of the Eastern Archipelago, which builds the esculent nests so ipuch prized by the Chinese, and on one of which the swallow in question is seen sitting. 39. Todies ; chiefly natives of America ; but including the Rollers, pecoliai to the eastern hemisphere. 40. Trogons ; a beautifutly-cohured tribe from tropical America and Asi*. Notice three resplendent Trogons. 41. 42. King-fishera, — mostly of a brilliant blue or green colour, inhabiting the banks of rivers. Among them is (42) the English king-fisher, about the size of a lark, with blueish-green. wings, and a reddish-brown throat and chest. 42. Bee-eatera ; confined to the eastern hemisphere. 43. Hoopoes and Sun-birda, natives of warm climates ; one species of Hoopoe, however, annually visits Europe, and has occasionally been seen in England. 44. Auntmin^-itrib : a fine collection rendered highly attractive to every abaerver by the extraordinary beauty of their plumage ; peculiar to America, chiefly South America,) and the West India islands. They live mostly on insects, and one genus almost wholly on spiders ; are very courageous and {)ugnacious. They are the most diminutive birds known : the smallest species, when plucked, being less than a humble bee! "They are of a lively and active disposition, almost constantly on the wing, and performing all their motions with great rapidity ; their flight is in darts ; and it is at this time, in a brilliant sun, that the variations of their plumage are displayed with the greatest advantage. "Each rapid movement gives a different dye; JLike scales of burnish'd gold they dazzling show, •Now sink to shade— now like a furnace glow." 45. Honey-imclcers ; peculiar to Australia and its neighbourhood. 46. 47. Creepers, feeding mostly on insects and caterpillars. They include (47) the nuthatch and wren. 48, 50. Warblers ; including (48) the tailor-birds, so remarkable for their ingenious method of sewing together leaves, &c., to form their nests, — th» wheatears, (50) &c. Notice (48) the Menura Superba from Australia, a fine oird with a tail shaped somewhat like an ancient lyre. ■ 51, 52. FTarJter*, Titmice &c. ; most of the former from North America. 52. Wagtaila ; inhabitants of river banks, &c. 53 — 55. Thruihet ; comprising most of the birds famous as songsters;— found in all parts of the globe. Notice the golden Oriole, a migratory eongitet. Gallery of Natural Hiitorv- 7. 56 — 80 BRITISH MUSBVM. (BAST. ZOOL. (>Ab. 56, 57. Fly-catchers ; principally natives of South America. Notite somt handsome species with long and forked tails, and (57) two elegant crested specimens. 58, 59. Chatterers — natires of Asia, Australia, and Soutli America, — soma with brilliant plumage. Notice (58) the Crimson Chatterer, and the Rock and Peruvian Manakins. 61, 63. Butcher-bird tamiXj, feeding on insects, young frogs, and small birds, which they impale on thorns, to tear in pieces at leisure. The Bush- shrikes (61) come from the continents south of the equator. 62 — 64. Crows; including the raven, jay, chough, &c. Notice (62^ a finely-preserved RaTen, (the largest of perching birds) and the Blue Magpie of Mexico. 64. Birds of Paradise natives of Papua and other eastern parts of the Malay Archipelago. This beautiful family of birds was once absurdly supposed to live entirely on the wing, (whence probably their name,) in consequence of the specimens obtained from tlie Papuans having been invariably destitute of legs ! The specimens are not numerous ; but one is exceedingly fine. 65 — 67. Starlings ; mostly from the large continents. Many species from America (67) have a beautiful plumage. Notice {6b) the Beef-eaters {Buphagirue.) " They inhabit Africa, and live on the larvae of a parasitical insect, which they compress out of the skin of the rhinoceros by means of their bill." — [Mr. Gray.J 68 — 71. Finches, including the sparrow, linnet, larii, and other small birds common in England ; — marked by short conical bills, broad at the base, — ^food chiefly small grain. The Weavers (68) are from India and Africa, where some searoh for parasitical insects in the hide of the wild buffalo. The Tanagers, (68) some very beautiful, are peculiar to Amerida. The true Finches (6&, 70) feed generally in small flocks, either on grain or insects: Some are pleasing songsters. In (70) are Buntings ; (71) Larks, Cross-beaks, &c. 71. Colies and Plantain-Eaters, mostly natives of Africa. Notice th« Touraco, arid the Violet ditto, a bird of rich plumage, both from the south part of that continent. 72, 73. Hombills — a family peculiar to the warm parts of Asia and Africa ; feeding on fruits, mice, small birds, and reptiles. Like the Toucans^ they swallow their food whole, throwing it in the air, and catching it, to facilitate their swallowing it. All are birds of remarkable appearance. Notice Leadbeater's ' hbrnbill.- 74 — 89. The Soansores or Climbers, an order distinguished from the rest by the disposition of the toes, all four being placed nearly on the same level ; but two directed backwards, in a position affording great facility for climbing, but an impediment to walking. The bills and wings vary greatly in shape ; the food varying in different species. 74 — 76. The Parrot family, found in both hemispheres, and divided into nnmerous genera and species, — living chiefly on fruits, and building in hollow trees; — beak like the falcons. The Ground Parroquets (74) are mostly natives of Australia; the Maccaws (74) of America; the Lories (75) of the Indian Islands, Thp true Parrots and the Cockatoos are 75, 76. Notice— above, an army of Black Parrots, Leadbeater's Cockatoo, with variegated crest, a native of Australia. 77. Toucans, confined to tropical America, and prominently marked by their large beaks, sometimes as long as the body, and serving often as effic'ent means of defence against much more powerful animals. 78—80. Woodpeckers, distributed over most parts of the world, except Australia, — having an extensible tongue with which to draw insects and larva out of the trunks of trees. The tail featuera are Arm enough to assist them ill climbing. Gallery of Natural History. BAST. ZOOI,. GAL. I BRITISH MU8EUU. 81 109 81 — 83. The Cuckoo Family, moatljr migratory, (83) inhaoiting the warmer parts of both hemispheres, laymg their eggs in tiie nests of other birds, with the young of which their own are reared. Some of this family, like tha Woodpeckers, have a beautiful plumage. 84 — 88. The Pigeon Family (uniting the Scaruores with the Gallinacea,) spread over all parts of the world, living invariably in pairs ; — crop dilated on either side ; their young fed with grain disgorged and intermixed with a peculiar ftcretion. Notice (88) the Crowned Pigeon from China (very fine) ; and the Nicobar Pigeon. S'J — 106 comprise a. part of the GALLiNACf.B — the order most useful to ■an, and most easily domesticated — having mostly long legs, short wings, large crop, and very muscular gizzard, and blunt claws ; bill arched, but never >otched ; food almost wholly vegetable. Most are polygamous ; and in such tases the cock (which is often crested,) has a richer plumage than the hen. 89, 90. Curassoivs, peculiar to tropical America, the plain colours of (rhich offer a remarkable contrast to the brilliant plumage of the Asiatio (aces in the same latitudes. They build in trees : and tlieir flesh is delicious. Notice (90) the Crested Curassow, ftpm South America. 91 — 99. Pheasants, which doubtless comprise the most gorgeous and elegant species of all the feathered creation. Except the Turkeys, they are peculiar to the eastern hemisphere, being natives of the warmer parts of Asia, whence some have been brought and naturalized with us. The Peacocks {tyro tae specimens, 91, 92), abound wild in the forests of India, where they even surpass the domestic species in brilliancy. The common pheasant (Phasiamu Okhicus) came from the banks of the river Phasis in Colchis. Notice (94) fine specimens of this bird; (91) the Crested Peacock from India ; (93) two splendid Argus Pheasants from Singapore ;— (95) Reeves and Fainted Pheasants from China j and Lady Amhurst's Pheasant from Nepaul ;— (97) Kre-backed Pheasant from China;— (99) black-headed pheasant, &c. In 9g 99 are varieties of the common fowl, supposed originally to have coma from Java or Sumatra. Notice (198) well-preserved specimens of game- cock and bantam. 100. Impeyan pheasants, from the northern districts of India. The rich plumage of the pheasant tribe is well known: these are beautifully marked, and admirably preserved. Notice also, at bottom of case, fine specimens of the Ame- rican and domestic turkeys. 131—103. Francolius, partridges, &c. S(C., allin excellent preservation. 104, 105. Grouse, distinguished from partridges by featherstcovering their legs and toes. Notice (104) two noble specimens of the Black Cock or "^oe"" Sheathbill, Tinamous, &c. families, the last-named peculiar to South America, and linking partridges with bustards. The Alectura lays its eggs in decaying vegetable matter, that its fermentation may help to hatch them. 107— 134 comprise the Grallatores ; (Wading Birds) birds with long slen- der legs, and often partially webbed feet. The ostriches and cassowaries, having only short wings, are incapable of rising in the air ; but most birds of this order iave lone wings, and many are migratory. 107—103. Ostriches, to which, Uke the swans. Sec., capacious cases have been •ppropriated. They approximate in many of their habits, to rummant mammals, Kving in flocks, subsisting on grain, fruits, and herbage, and running rapidly, though, from the shortness of their wings, nnahle to fly ;— the natives of the iesert region of Africa, in the sands of which they lay their eggs(which see close by) to.be hatched by the sun. Here (107) is a good specimen, with young beside It. Notice also (108) the curious A pteryx, peculiar to New Zealand a noctamil fcird, feeding on insects and worm. ; and (109) the emu. la C108) are the foot, GalUrv plaster-cast of the head, and a painting ot the Dodo, formerly a native of the Eastern seas, but which has recently become extinct. " The bird represented in the painting, in the shortness of the wings and colour has much analogy to the ostrich, but its foot greatly resembles that of the common fowl, and the head, from the position and form of its nostrils, is nearly allied to the vultures ; so th if these remains really belonged to the species here represented, its true place.ia the series of birds is not as yet satisfactorily determined." — [Mr. Grayi] 110, 111, Bustards. Notice as fine specimens, (110) the great bustard;^ (111) Kori bustard, a native of South Africa ; and ruffled bustard, from Egjptt 112. Thick-knees, and Coursers, also of the bustard family. 113. Plovers, less aquatic than others of this order ; several species found an sandy shores, and open commons in [England. 114. Turnstones and oyster-catchers, living mostly on the sea-shore. US'— 117. The Oane family, widely distributed over the world, — ■many fine specimens. Notice (117) the Balearic crane, or crowned heron of South .'Africa. 117 — 123. Herons ; distinguished from cranes by being carnivorous, &c. Notice as fine specimens (117) the Indian crane and wattled heron; (119) the common heron, native at once of England, Egypt, and China ; (122) Lineated and Tiger Bitterns from South America ; (123) Roseate Spoonbill, also from South America. 124, 125. Storks. These birds commonly build on houses and towers ; and in Holland, particularly, the white stork is held in high ponular respect, from its able performance of the duties of a scavenger. Notice (125> the Senegal jabiru, a noble bird;' and a very large specimen of the gigantic crane, 126, 127. Ibises, inhabiting inundated places in warm climates. Notice on top shelf the Egyptian ibis, sacred among the ancient Egyptians, and frequently 'found embalmed in the tombs ; the scarlet ibis, with a most richly-coloured plu- mage; and fine specimens of the black-faced ibis from the Strait of Magelhaens. 128, 12"'. Curlews, godwits, avocets, &c., most of which are very well preser- ved. Notice, in the lower part of 129, the rufis and sandpipers, with erectile feathers round the neck. 130. Snipes. Notice a fine specimen of the common woodcock. 131, 132. Sails, having long toes ; fast runners, but clumsy in flight. 133, 134. Coo^s, moorhens, &c., partially web-footed, swimming and diving easily. Notice the peculiar bony shield extending from the bill up the forehead, and which is distinctive of this family, 135 — 166 contain Anseres, marked by webbed feet, down-covered body, d weaker circulation than other orders, being the only birds whose neck is lo ger than their feet ; and their bones are not generally hollow and communicating with the lungs, but filled with oily matter. 135. The i^/at»inj'oe», natives of Australia and the eastern seas. These birds, sit astride on their nests while hatcliing, the great length of their legs preclmling their placing theniselves otherwise. 136, 140. Geese, including (136) the spUr-wihged, geese, natives of Austr ia, Africa, and Asia; Notice (140) a well-preserved wUd goose, native of Great Britain. . / 141 — 143. Swans. These noble birds have been judiciously placed in capacious cases. Notice (141) a very large swan, and (143) a beautiful specimen of that rara avis of the' ancients, the black swan, a nailve of Australia. 144 — 151. Ducks. These are distinguished from geese by their bills being broader at the extremity than the root, the legs shorter and placed further back. The specimens are generally very well preserved. Notice, as fine, (144) the •heldrake ;— (146) the' mallard )^(148) Muscovy duck ;— -(149) Hyrocu duck. . 1^ 152, 153. Oivert'. Notice '(152) a fine specimen of the Nort^iern Diver ; and the difference of plumage in the male audtfemaie bitda, standing togetbef Gallery of Natural History. 10 BAS.. Ditilian MPWTSTM. 1S4, 155. Auks or Fieagi^ias, iahabitants of Polar regioni. 156 — 161. Gu/fe,retrUsi terns, &o. Notice (157) the great Alba'.fosg, the> Jargeat of aquatic birds, very voracioas, and a native of the South Atlantic. 162^166. Pelicans, birds having the hind toe united to the rest by a con- tinuous web, and nearly the only Anseres able to perch on trees ; natives: of most warm regions. All the specimens here are acellent. *^* Throughout the Eastern Zoological Gallery, in the angles of th& diffifr«|it. eompartments, are cjises of birds' eggs, mostly ticketed,, and above the side-cases 18 a large collection of stag and other horns. The SaEtLS of Molluscous Animals. The COLLECTION OF SHELLS in this room is not yet entirely arranged ; bat. from the beautiful specimens (a large number of which were purchased from Mr.. Broderip,) that are already exhibited, we may infer that it will be very complete. These shells are the habitations .ni- external skeletons of iMoUuscous animals. MoLLVScoua Animals compose the link between Fishes and Radiata. Their organs are enclosed in an elastic slcin, furuislied with muscular fibres, and (termed the mantle. Some the (Tunicata) are naked; but in most, the mantle secretes earthy matter, forming the* Ihell. Their digestive and reproductive organs are highly developed ; but nut so those for lensation and motion. The moUusca are divided mto the foUoming orders — 1. Ckpmalopoda (with feet around head) ; cuttle-lish, iuligo. 2. Ftkropoua (with fins flanlting liead) ; Clio., 3. GASTi&aopunA (waltting on the belly) : whellc, snail, periwinkle. 4. CoNctiiPEKA (clothed with a double shell) : oyster, cockle. 5. TuMuATA (covel'ed with a tunic only) : ascidia. The two latter orders are destitute of perceptil)le head or organs of sense, both of which are possessed by the three former. Wonderful are the .changes of form and colour whiph not a few of the molluscous animals display in their shell, at different stages of growth, the appearance being so dissimilar in some instances, as to have led conchologists to imagine they pertained to diflerent species. Such variations freqcuntly arise' from tne fact of the young mollusc forming its shell by successive layers of highly vitrified enamel, till a superb^arch of many strata, f^rying in colour and design, is built up. Table Cases 1 — 26. Univalve Shells, belonging to belly-walking, oi GasteiopodonSjMoUusca. Among such as are remarkable for their size, figure, oj- oth-r peculiarities, may be specified ihe Strombui, or Screw Shell (1) ; with it are soine of the " piuk pearls, which are formed by the animal ; they are extremely rare, and therefore valu- able when of a good shape ; the Pterocera, Devil's Claws (2) : the Caltrop, or Rock. Shell, Murex turrispinous, so called from itS' turret-iike spinous process, (3) ; the Ducal Murex, supposed to have some re- < semblance to a ducal coronet (4) ; the Murex truncnlis (4), which is- thought to have yielded ^the fa- mous purple, or Tyrian dye of the ancients; th' Trumpet Shell, (9),. often used as -:i trumpet by "the- ij^ttivesi '■ of the Pacific Islaods ; tlie! Cone, Conj (10), having ^mrticli. the sTiape of jpine eoneSj_b^ vary- .'.:■■- • ing considerably in size, and some- ofthemornnmented with coloured bauds; as the Lettered Cone, the Spider- BRITISH MUSEUM. [BA»T. ZOOL. OAU web Cone, the Black-dotted Cone, and the Hebrew Cone, distinguished by the spot and tracings on their respective suifaces ; Fusiis Proboscidiformis, and Fusus Colossui (4); Turbinellus, Fasciolariaand Cmcellaria, (5, 6), among which is a specimen of the re- versed Chank Shell, reckoned very valuable by the Chinese, Here also are Cassis Cornuta and Cassis Madagascariensis (6), Baccinum, the Whelk (10); Terebra, the Borer, of which there is a specimen with the shell partly cutaway to show its interior construction (12); Cowries, Cyprea, little shells, used by some African and oriental nations, instead of snail oin, in buying and selling (14). Somewhat resembling the las,t mentioned" but less beautitul, are the Oimlte (IS) ; these shells are called Porcellaines, and are supposed to have been the cause of china being called by that name j they are followed by the volutes, Volutce, several of which are tastefully and elegantly marked, and some have the superior part of the whorl serrat^ (12, 1.3); the Impe- rial Turbo, or Wreath (15), internally coated with mother of pearl; the Crown- formed Imperator {\5) ; flaKoris, the Sea, ear or Ear Shell, of a brilliant green colour (17) ; the Staircase Sholl, Solarium, so called on account of the ridge round the cavity in the axis or umbilicus resembling a well staircase (J9); the Turritella (21) ; the Worm-shell, Fermetus, which is like the tubes of serpala ; Dentalium, the Tusk Shell (22), considered till lately as the production of a worm, and to be ranked with the coral tribes, but it is now acknowledged to be the shell of a Mollusc ; the Carrier (22), which has th peculiarity of attracting to the outer surface of its shell, as it enlarges in size, stones, fragments of other shells, coral, and other marine substances, so that it has been called respectively the " Conchologist," and the " Mineralogsit," as shell or mineral prepouderated ; the Argonaxta, Glassy Sailor, and the Caranaria, or Keeled Shells, called Paper Sailors,, exhibit variety and beauty (23) ; the Aplysite, and others of the same family, have been termed Sea Hares, from their appearance when seated on the rocks j the Umbrella likewise derives its nmaeifrom its general figure. The Chitones, Sea Woodlice (24), of which there are severol species, have a row of scaly valves, instead of a single shell. Table Cases 24—30, contain specimens of the Shells of the last division of Gasteropodous Molluscs, which differ from the preceding in being furnished with respiratory organs, and breathing atmospheric air Most of them are land animals, as the different kinds of House Snails ; but some live in the water, and come up to the surface occasionallj', for air, like Wales and Amphibia. Table Cases 31^49. Bivalve Shells. Here maybe noticed CMonc X>ione and C. Lupinaria (31), remarkable forthe spines on their suicated shells; Feaus antiqua, from Arica, on the coast of South America, lui others of the same genus (32), thus denominated from their real or imaginary beauty ; the Chanue (36, 37), distinguished by tlieii deeply indented rough surfaces ; the Scarlet-tinted Shell of the Spondylux Americanus (46), remarkable for the lami- nated processes on its exterior surface, and EAST. XOOL. GAL.] ' BHITISH HVa^OUi 46r-48 »ther Spondyles exhibit similar appearances ; the ^eUine>, Scallop Shells (46), some of them of a r^d colour ; the Phu^na placenta, in texture and appearance resem- bles Talc or Mica ; the spe BRITISH MUSEUM. NOSITH •AI.LKIT* ^ottib #allerp» Tbis Gallery, formiiiff the northern half of the North Side in the new buildlDfc, 1» appro priate(l to Fosbil Remains and Minerals, of both which the Museum comprises ■ splendid collection,— the former comparatively recent, obtained chietiy by purchase from Messrs. Hawkins and Man»"lli the latter consisting: of Col. Greville and Mr. Hatchet's collections, greatly increased by presents, especially one by George IV. of minerals from the Hartz,— formerly in Richmond observatory. We ihalljirst describe the Fossils, divided, according to the rooms in which tbey are placed, — premising that the casual visitor may also observe the more interesting specimens in the table-cases of minerals, — such as the native metals, the diamonds, the fluates, topazes, and bituminous substances in Room I. ; — the finely -coloured ores of copper, mercury, and arsenic, in Room II. ; the sapphire, ruby, and other precious corundites ; the splendid groups of quartz and calcedony, specimens of tourmeline, topazes, emeralds, &c., in Room III.; and the jaspers and opals, with numerous silicates, also well worthy of inspection. FOSSILS. Fossil or organic rbmains are the relics of vegfetables which have been concerned in the formation of coal-beds, &c., of animals now wholly extinct, and which existed alive only at periods of the Earth's history so remote, as to be beyond the reach of all tradition. Room I. — The cases round the walls contain the Fossil Vegetables. Notice (6) some pine-nuts from Norfolk, which like a walnut {juglans) on a lower shelf, have retained their figure in a most remarkable manner ; and on the lower shelves of 3, 4, and 0, an extensive series of cut and polished specimens of fossil wood, most of them from the red sandstone formations of Sazony and Bo- hemia. Beneath the windows at the end of the room are cases containing specimens of wood opal (fossilized wood) from Van Diemen's Land, now called Tasmania. Notice a very fine milk-white specimen ; and some beautiful specimens of native silver over the first case. Above the second are two busts in brown coal, ot Henry VHI., and Queen Mary. Other objects in this and the succeeding rooms, which may not be spe here, are'labelled so as to be understood, or sufficiently explain themselvei. Room II. contains the collection of Fossil Fishes, arranged after Agassiz's system, as developed in his work, Recherches sur les Poissons foss They are divided into four Orders, namely, the Placoids, the Ganoids, the Cteno and ^he Cycloids. The first of these orders comprehends individuals mostly considerable dimensions, whose skeletons, by reason of their soft, oartilagino nature, are less enduring ; their fossil remains therefore generally occur as small detached portions only o*' ttie whole body, such as teeth, palates, and dorsal fins, some of which, as smaller objects, are under arrangement in the table-cases (1 to 4). The remaining three orders of this class, demanding ampler space, are placed in, and on the top of, the upright walUcases on the south side of the room. The red figures on the labels of the genera refer to the larger suspended boards bearing the names of the orders and families j while the names of the species are written on labels variously tinted, in accordance with the colour tablets within the oases, indicating the geological formations to which the specimens respectively belong. Room III.— V. BRITISH MUSEUM, [nokth QALLERT. In the Wall Case at tbe Ebst end of the Room may be notecd, the foseii remains oi the Briarean Pentacrinite, so called from the multitude of its arm« or tentacular processes, recalling the mythological story of the Giant Briareus Room III. Remains of the Batrachian, the Chelonian, and Emydosauriaw Reptiles; animals of a still earlier period than the 'memmalia, being found in the new red sandstone (secondary) rocks. Naiice (2) the TeliosauruSj a gooif specimen ; the Iguanodon, a large animal somewhat like the existing iguana of South America : (4) the Plesiosourus, which to the body of a Saurian, and the paddles of an aquatic Chelonian reptile, added the long neck of an Ophidian, (serpent) and the head of a Crocodile, It is snppcsed to have lived chiefly on, or near the surface of the water, but to have been capable both of diving and living on land. Here also is a portion of the Pterodactylus, perhaps the greatest wonder of the reptile period, brought from Lyme, in Dorsetshire. With the general character of a lizard, it had the wings of a bat, (whence its uame)', finger- winged,) being aUapted both for flight, and suspension by its claws from trees, &o. On the opposite side of the room, Is a case containing remains of aiijguanodou found at Maidstone. Room IV. Fossil Reptiles — chiefly the larger Specimens of the Various species of Icthyosaurus, (flsh.4izard), an' aniaial that resembled in many respects the Crocodile, but with limbs terminating in paddles of a peculiar construction, ' more like fins than feet. ■ This formidable monster combinedi rhe characters o< the fish, whale, and ornithoryncus ; its eyes were enormouc and complex, and in some cases it seems to have had 180 strong teeth ! Some fine and tolerably perfect specimens of this family, and of isolated parts of the body, are here tobf seen.. Notice (2) the snout of an enormous head, sawn asuader to show the structure of the teeth, ; and (4) a collection of detached bones of the spinal column, &. On the north side of this room, are Table Cases containing the bones o* various species of i)morm's,, an extinct genus of birds, which formerly inhabited New Zealand — sonje of these bones, it will be seen, must have belonged lo birds of most gigantic dimension. Room V. is devoted to the remain* the ruminant mammalia, which ate at present iu course of arrangement. Notice, the skull of the Sivatherium, from tee Sewalik Hills. In the centre of the Room is a complete skeleton of the lage eSctinct elk, bones of which are so frequently met with in the bogs of Irelan, and which is occasionally found in some parts of England and in the Isle of Man. The Table Caser on the north side of the room are at present occupied, by various unarranged fossils, such as corallines, sponges, crinoides, echiuoderrtiata, ghells, Src. : these will hereafter be systematically arranged in ti)i8 v-ipra, and is com VI. WORTH OAtlEEY.I BlIl'L'lSH -MUSKbAl, Room VI. Room VI. is devoted chiefly to the osseous remains of the Pachydermaiir and Edentata, which are at present under arrangement. Among the specimens may benotieed parts of two species of the Deinotherium, differing in size, but both, ex- hibiting the sanae remarkable conformation of tuslc whicli terminates the lower jaw. From an examitiatiun of the teeth, Cuvier supposed the animal to which they belonged to ha<'e been a species of Tapir; and the more recent researches if t'rofessor Kaup, in Germany, and of Dr. Bucklahd, have led to the conclusion that it must, have borne a greater resemblance to that animal than to any other yet known. In the middlei of the room is placed : — Cast of the skeleton of the Megatherium, a genus of Edentata discoverd in the bed of the Salado river, in Bufenos Ayree. This animal — more widely re- moved in cliaracter from any existing species than any other of a iossil kind yet discovered — was a four-footed, beast, in which were probably united the charac- teristics of the Sloth and the Armadillo, but equal in magnitude, to the Rhino- cerps; possessing vast corporeal streugth, and armed with very strong claws, extremely well adapted for the purpose of digging up the roots ou which it fed. The bones from which the casts of the several parts were taken are preserved partly in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and partly in cases near the skeleton. Skeleton of the North American Mastodon (M. Ohioticus), an extinct animal, concerning which the Noeth American Indians have some erroneous traditions, representing it as a cam ivorous quadruped j but according to Cuvier it probably fed on branches of tree? and other vegetable food, like the Elephant, which it equalled in size. At the west end of the Room is the fossil human skeleton, embedded in lime- stone, brought from Guadaloupe, in the West Indies, by Admiral the Hon. Sir Alexander Cochrane. From the structure of the parts about the hips it appears to be an imperfect skeleton of a female, probably belonging to the tribe of Caribs ; the head and one arm beiog deficient. The table in front of the case containing the skeleton is formed of another slab of tbe same lime-stone containing abundance of comminute(^ human osseous remains, and other calcareous matter. • On either side of this skeleton are araanged various mammalian remains, found in caverns'; the case to the right of the centre is occupied with remains from the caverns of Kirkdale, in Yorkshire, and from the cavern called " Keats Hole," at Torquay, Devonshire, together with specimens from the caverns of Galieureuth. in Franconia ; and the specimens arranged in the case on the left are from the caverns of Miuas, Geraes in Brazil. The Table Cases in this room contain an ex- tensive series of fossil bivalve shells of the class BracMopoda, a collection of spiral univalves f Gasteropoda) fron the Tertiary strata, and various Zoophytes, 1—^ BRITISH UUSEUM. [NORTH GALLBRY. MINERAL COLLECTION. To IS splendid Collection has for some years been arranged according to the tyslem of Berzelias, founded on the Electro-Chemical Theory, and the chemical doctrine of Definite Proportions, which the curious readernill find well described, (together with all its disadvantages,) in Or. Brooke's Essay on Mineralogy in the Encyc. Metropolitana. la Room I., (the E.) the first series of Table-cases begins, and the second terminates; it contains cases (1 — 6) and (So — 60.) Room II. contains cases (7—13,) and (48—54.1 Room ill. contains cases (14—23,) and (38—47 ;) and Rooa. IV. cases (24—30,) and (31—37.) Cases (1 — 3) contain the electro-positive native metals : iron, copper, bismuth, lead, silver, murcury, palladium, platinum, osmium, and gold. 1. Native iro,n, found both in insulated masses, and meteoric stones ; the latter consisting of numerous specimens ; — two small polished pieces of the mass (2^ Dwt.) found in Southern Africa ; — specimens from Otumpa, in South America,* a large piece detached from the mass of Siberian iron (15 cwt.) discovered Ijy Pallas on a hill near the yenisei ; — a mass of iron from Bolivia, containing within its cells an olivine-like substance ; — others from Mexico ; also an Esquimaux knife and harpoon of meteoric iron, &c., from Davis's Straits. Of meteoric stones of native iron, (alloyed with nickel) notice the fragment of the stone (2J i:wt.) which fell at Ensisheim, in Alsace, (1492,) when the Emperor Maximilian was on the point of engaging with the French army; — others from Bohemia, Gascony, &c., and the metkoric stone (56 lb.) which fell in Yorkshire (1795.) Fine specimens of native copper, of various structure, including one from Hudson's Bay, and another from the north of Norway. — Native lead, in lava, Vfitli a medal cast in the lead, ejected by Vesuvius in 1631. — Native bismuth, with curious specimens exhibiting its artificial crystallization, produced by sud- denly cooling the melted metal j — also a specimen of artificially-produced titanium, crystallized in cubes, from Merthyr Tydvil, South Wales. 2. Native silver, of many varieties j — Notice its occurence in dense plates and masses, as well as in tree-like ramifications. — Native murcury, and hydrarguret of silver or native amalgam ; the former chiefly as globules, disseminated in cin- nabar, sparry limestone, &c. ; the latter crystallized, &c., with a figure beauti- fully modelled in amalgam by the miners of Mexico. — Native platinum, massive and as grains, from the Ural, Siberia. — Palladium and osmiridium, in a wrought state. 3. Native gold, pure and alloyed ; the former in detatched crystals and as grains, also in irou-stone, quartz, &c., from Siberia; alloyed gold (from Tran- sylvania) variously crystallized ; also, specimens of the alloys called auriferous silver and electr'im. 3 — 12 contain the electro-negative metallic substances, (metalloids,) and their non-oxidized combinations. 3. Tellurium and telhtrets: the scarce native t'llurium, which (like sulpher and selenium) has the property of mineralizing 4everal ?ietals, viz., bismuth (molybdena-silver) from Bastnaes ; silver, from thO Altai, Siooria ; — lead (nagyag ore ;) — silver and lead (white tellurium ;) — silver and gold, (graphic tellurium,) all from Transylvania. — Also fine specimens of native antimony and antimoniaie or stibiuret of silver. 4. Native arsenic, from Andreasberg, &c. ; and its chemical combinations with nickel, (commonly called copper-nickel ;) — with cobalt, comprising the grey cobalts ; — with bismuth (ierstfnite.] * The enormous mass of iron placed against the wall under the window in Room I., Knt from Buenos Ayres, by Sir Woodbine Parish, weight 1400 pounds, is supposed to be part ol that of Otumpa, and of rr.eteoric origin, or in other words, to have dropped from the clouds i but of the truth '>f this. Sir W. P. himself expresses some doubt. Gallery of Natural History. 26. NORTH GALLERY.] BRITISH MU8BUH. S — U This case also contains the substances belonging to the confined nders of Carhan and of Selmiisn, — the d-iamond, anthracite, and graphite, with the selenium metals. TIlb aiamonds con., ,ise the primitive octahedron ; rhombic dodecahedron ; the _>- >!ded and tetr.itiedral forms ; cubes with truncated faces, diamond-sparks, &c. In this case aiso are intejresting models of large diamonds, Tiz. the great Mogul, (289 carats of 3 l-5th grs. each ;) the Russian, purchased by Catherine II. (193 car. ;) the Austrian; the Pitt or Regent, (136 car.) &c. : ut we do not recognise any fac-srmiles of two large diamonds belonging to ortugal and Brazil, one weighing 215 ind the other 1,680 carats ! The princi. b1 diamond mines are in the Serro do Krio of Brazil, near Bundelkund in Upper dia, and on the banks of the Kiatnah, in the Carnatic. Varieties of anthracite, (Kilkenny coal,) from various places, containing about per cent, of pure carbon ; — graphite (absurdly called black-lead ;) — Seleniureta of lead ; — copper and lead ; — murcury and lead, from the Hartz ; — cobalt and lead ; — copper ; — copper and silver {eutairile,) from Sweden ; — also, magnificent specimens of sulphur, Incrusted by orange-red particles of selenium, from VuU cano, one of the Lipari islands. Cases 5 — 12 are filled with specimens of sulphur and different sulphurets. 5. Very fine specimens of sulphur from Sicily and Spain, crystallized, massive, &c. The mines of Sicily are exceedinjily productive ; and the exports of sulphur to England alone, average about 35,000 tons annually ! Sulphuret of manganese (manganese-blende,) from Transylvania and Peru, — numerous varieties of sul- fhuret of zinc, (zinc-blende ;) the fibrous blende containing cadmium, the variety called schaalenblende, cdntaining lead and iron. 6. Sulphurets of iron, or iron pyrites ; — common pyrites, crystallized and variously modified, in cubes smooth and striated, — radiated pyrites, — hepatic or liver pyrites of Werner;, — magnetic pyrites, both massive and crystallized, in six-sided prisms. — Sulphuret of cobalt, from *^s!"naes in Sweden. — Sulphurets of nickel, formerly called capillary iron pyrites,- — Hulphuret of cadmium, lately discovered in Renfrewshire, and called greenockite. 7. Sulphuret of copper, (^copper glance,) crystallized, foliated, compact, &c. : to which are referred the vegetable fossil remainb, (Frankenberg corn-ears,) from the marl-slate of Hessia, chiefly composed of vitreou-s copper ; — Sulphuret of copper and iron, of a pale yellow colour ; variegated copper ore, known by its reddish fracture ; also the curious stalactitic variety, called Tennantite, from Cornwall. 8. Sulphuret of lead or galena, including various modifications of crystals, (in combination with blende, pyrites, &c.) the specular variety, (jslickenside of the Derbyshire miners,) &c. 9. Sulphuret of bismuth, or lismuth-glance, from Riddarhyttan, &c. — Sulphuret of copper and bismuth, called copper-bismuth, from the Black-Forest. ■—The needle-ore of Werner, a triple sulphuret of bismuth, lead, and copper, found near Ekaterineburg, Russia. — Sulphuret of copper and tin, or tin pyrites, only found in Cornwall.- — This case contains also numerous specimens of sul- phuret of murcury or cinnabar, chiefly from Almaden in Spain, and the Palatinate, divided into dark-red, (by far the most common,) and bright-red cinnabar, (the native verinillion of painters,) also, idrialine-cinnabar, a mixture of cinnabar with the bituminous substance called idrialine, from Idria. 10. Sulphuret of silver, (silver glance, or henielite,) massive, crystallized, laminar, and capillary ;— flexible silver-glance, or sternbergite f—the very icarce donacargyrite, or schilfertz of German mineralogists. — Sulphuret of mtimony, (grey antimony,) in many fine varieties, — especially crystallized, in splendid groups, from Transylvania; plumose (feather ore,) some varieties Df which display a fine blue, yellow, and red tarnish. — With these is hartm nannite a sulphuret of antimony and nickel. 11. Sulphur- salts formed by the sulphurets of antimony and arsenic, with baiU Gallery of iSatural History, it. 12—20' ' BRITISH MUSEXIU. [NORTH GALLERY, luiphiire'cs of elejCtro-p.ositive metals j — viz. jamesonite, zin&enite, siher-blende or ',li!ii/ -silver, divided ifato the dark and thelight red, both of the same crystalline forms 1 — miatgyrite, (bemiprismatic "uby-blende of Mobs ;) melan- glance, and brittle «foer-j/anec,— the latter cb>?) p'^ed of the same e'ements as the dark and Dright red ruby-silver ores, but in •'liferent proportiiir.!; and triple sujphuret of jead. antimony, and copper; — the scarce polgdasite, 12. Specimens olsulpAurel of arsenic, in various forms, massive, laminated, and crystallized,, forming the yellovi and red orpiment of painters, the latter sometimes called realgar. — Fine specimens oi fahl-ore, crystallized, massive, &c. Notice, also the arsenio-sulphurets, mispickel, cobalt-glance, &c., massive, anA' in cubic crystals. In the six following cases, the oxides of the electro-positive metals are deposited. 13. Oxides and hydrous oxides of manganese, with earthy manganese or wad,. some varieties of which inflame spontaneously, whoa mixed vf ith linseed oil.- 14 — 16 Contain i^c'oxides of iron, 15. Specular oxide of iron or iron-glance, remarkable for its leautijul, iri- iescence, and found inost abundantly in the island of Elba ; — micaceous iron-ore; ■ — red iron-ore, (iron. ochre,) divided into compact red iron-stone red hamatite. 16. Oxydulated iron or ^ magnetic iron-ore, massive, compact, crystallized, &c. ; found in the primitive rocks of Sweden, Siberia, China, Siam, &c., but not in Ehglaud and France. iVoftce also the mdtgaetic iron-sand ; — crucite.mii beudantite. ''■ ' 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or hrown iron-stone ; in transparent blood-red , tables; in line scales, a shining brownish-black variety, used as hair powder in South, Africa ; clay -iron-stone, with its many varieties 17. Oxides of copper ; red or rMiy-co^jper, compact, foliated, and fibrous; — black Ofeide or copper-blacky tile-ore, a mixture of red copper and iron-ochre ; — Oxide of lead : — from Hesse. Oxide rf bismuth or bismuth~ochre, from, Saxony and Bohemia. Oxide of zinc, {red-zinc ore,) found abundantly in Siberia and . New Jersey ; and franklinite composed of the oxides of z.ino and manganese. Black and yellow earthy cobalt, {cobalt ochre,) from which is produced the pig- ment called smalt, or cobalt-blue, and found in Saxony, Bohemia, Cornwall. Oxide of uranium, or uran-ochre, and the hydrous protoxide, teSXci pitch-ore. 18. Oxide of lead, {native minium,) from Hesse. — Oxide of tin, {tin-stone,') chiefly from granite rocks in Cornwall and Bohemia, in crystals, irregular masses, and pebbles, which, from their fibrous appearance, are called wood-tin. In the next case begin the oxides of electro-negative bodies, and their various combinations. 19. Very interesting specimens of Alumina and Aluminates, — especially the corundite, divided into 7ioble and ci^mTnon corundite. Among the former are the crimson sapphire or Ruby, the common or blue Safphirl, and the yellow or o.-iental Topaz, — found in Peru, India, China, Bohemia, &c. ; the latter in- cludes emery, that occurring abundantly at Cape Emeri, Naxos, (whence its name,) and in Persia, I'oland, the Channel Islands, &c., and used in grinding glass and precious stones. Atumtnate of magnesia — the blue and brown spinal of Sweden and New Jersey ; — ceylonite and automolite, {gahnite,) the former an aluminate of iron and magnesia, the latter an aluminate of zinc ; — chrysoberyl (an aluminate of glucine and iron,) from the Ural, Brazil, and the United States. 20 — 21 contain the oxide of silicium, (silica-quartz.) 20. Most interesting specimens of Amethyst quartz ot various tint*,, in grouped crystals, &c. — Rock crv^/a/: (Gibraltar diamonds, Bristol diamands, cairngorm, varying in colour, and enclosing foreign substances, as crystals of titanium, actinalite, brown iron-stone, micaceous iron, &c. ; groups of rock- crystal, the most magnificent of which are from Dauphiny in Prance: Odlery of Natural HUtory . 28. CLARKE'S HAND-BOOK ADYERTISER. SEPTEMBEK, 1874 o o p < CQ O o o JOHN GOSNELL & OO.'S CHERRY TOOTH PASTE IS greatly superior to any Tooth Powder. Is. 6d. per Pot. ^OTHING IMPOSSIBLE.— AGUA AMA.EELLA. -L 1 restores the Human Hair to its Pristine Hue, no matter at what age. JOHN GOSNELL & CO., have at length, with the aid of one of the most eminent Chemists, succeeded in perfecting this wonderful liquid. It is now offered to the Public in a more concentrated form, and at a lower price. Sold in Bottles, 3s. each. JOHX GOSNELL & CO.'S TOILET & NUKSERY POWDER, celebrated ;for its purity. JOHN GOSNELL & CO.'S " PATENT TRICHOSARON, or newly - invented HAIR-BRUSH, the peculiar mechanical construction of which accomplishes the two operations of cleansing and polishing simultane- ously^ JOHN GOSNELL & CO., Perfumers by Appointment to Her Majesty, Princess of Wales, &c. To be had of all; respectable Chemists, Perfumers, and of the Manufacturers, AIMOEL PASSAGE, 93, UPPER THAMES STREET LOIMDON, E.C. O o o CQ w > a Q O BLAIR'S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PILLS. Price Is. l^d. and 2s; 9d. per Box. THIS preparation is one of the benefits which the science of modern chem- istry has conferred upon mankino; for, during the first twenty years of the present century to speak of a cure for the Gout was considered a romance ; but now the efficacy and safety of this medicine is so fully demonstrated, by,unsolicited testimonials from persons in every rank of life, that public opinion proclaims this as one of the most important discoveries of the present age. •These Pills require no restraint of diet or confinement during their use, and are certain to prevent the disease attacking any vital part. Sold by all Medicine venders, or obtained through any Chemist. IHE WiZAED'S JjOX OF MagIG. Contains full instructions and apparatus for performing Ten Capital Coujniing Tricks. Sufficient for one hour"? an.ubdi'ont. Pr ce ]/- Post free for 14 :-iaui[>s. H. G. CLAKKl:. & Co.. 2. Ganick Street, Co^mi Gard i •w.c. HGLLOWlf^ Pil L«t DO one be longer oppressed witb the notion tbat his malady is incui'^ble (ili these pmifying Pills have bad a fair trial. A few doses will remove all diatatdeiied actions, rouse the torpid liver, relieve the obstructed kidneys, cleanse impnrt.Wood •nd confer on every Unction healthful vigour. , Indigestion. Bilious Complaints, and Sick Headacbe- No or purmaneut cure. Weakness and Debility. » In cases of debility, languor, and nervousness, generated by excess of any kind, irheUier mental or physical, the effects of these Fills are in the highest degree bracilig, renovating, and restorative. They drive from the system tiie mbrbi^ wases of disease, re-establish the digestion, streng1.hen the nervous system, rais* the Patient's spirits, and bring back the frame to its pristine health and vigour, The Kidneys— Their Derangement and Cure. If these Pills be used according to the printed directions, and tte Ointmonl rubbed over the region of the kidneys for at least half an h ur at bed-time, as xalt is forced into meat, it will penetrate to the kidneys and correct any derangenwov therein. The Pills and Ointment are sold at Professor Hoilowat's Establishment, 633, OxTori ptreet, London ; lalso by nearly every respectable"Ven3or of Medicine throijgiout tte Civilised World, in Boxes and Pots, at Is. l^d, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., 11s.,22b.,&33b. eacfc Full printed dirwlionp are affisPd to each Poy and Pot, and can be had in any language, e\eii in Turkish, Arubic, Aijueuikii. Peisian or Cbiuese. URPLICE SHIRT. AS MADE TO MBASURB BY sVJOHNSAIKIPSON&Co SHIRT TAILOBS, HOSiEKS, AND GLOVERS. Six for 45s. & 51s. All the Patterns In French Cambriu, 6 for 61 g. SARATA SHIRTS, A perfect substitute for Flannel, beln^r suft, durable, very absorbent, and will not thrlnk. Six for 61s. 130, OXFOED STKEET, NEAR BBGENT OIRCCe, LONDON, W. CARDS FOR SELF-MEASURBMENT FORWARDED ON APPLICATION. LADIES' HOSIERY OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. RUPTURES.— By Royal Letters Pat«nt. WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS !>« HlloweiJ by upwards of 500 Medical Men to be tbe moot effective invention in tiic curtifive treaiment of H RRNI A. The use of a iteel sprini;, lo often hurtful in its effecti, is liere afoidcd, a noil bandage bein^r worn round the body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the MOG-MAIN PAD and PATENT lETER, fitted with so much easi' and closenetiH fhftt it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descrip- tive ciriMilar may he had, and the Truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post* 01 the circiiiiiferent^e of the body, two inches below tbe hips, being sent to the Manufacturer. Mr. WHITE, 228. Piccadilly. London. Price of a Single Trusii, I69., 21s., 268. 61I., and Sis. 6d. Postage, Is. " of a Double Truss, 31s. 61I., 42s., and SSe 61I. Postage, Is. 8d. " ofUmhilical Truss, 4at. and 62s. 6d. Postage, Is. lOd. Pott-Office Orders to be made payable to Johh WHrris, Post-Office, Piccadlllr. MEW PATENT ELASTIC STOCKINGS. KNEE-CAPS, &c. The Material of which these are made is recommended by the faculty as bping peculiarly ELASTIO •nd C0MPBE8SIBLB, and the best Inrention ror giving efficient and permanent support ia lU CMM «f W£AKNES», VABICOSB VEIK8, &c. Price 4s. 6d., Is. 6d., IDs., to 16b. each. Pottafc, Blactcftiars Bridge. t The Volunteer Riaemau's Exercises. I UaMppk. A Upving Panorama. 10 Mazeppa, in Eight Tableaux. .Vu lUub traied Description of the PaDoramik 11 Her Majesty's State Procession os Opening Parliament. 12 Punchinello. A Moving Panorama. 13 The CoDiiicai History of Punch au* Judy, a Poetical Description of the Panorama. 14 Panorama of the Oztord and Cam. bridge Boat Race, showing the Banks of the Thames from Fntnef to MortlaVe. 16 Panorama of Epsom Races. 16 Panorama of the Channel F1<>m. Sdwrol ailur* »» acHm pr^araHof- ROTAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. 309, Begent Street, near Portland Place. This interesting exhibition consists for the most part of mechanical and other inodels, distributed through various apartments ; as a hall, devoted to manufacturing processes, a laboratory beneath, a theatre, or leeture-roont Vbove, a very spacious hall, and other apartments. The gallery contains upwards of five hundred specimens, and several manufactures and arts are ihiQwn in their processes. The objects exhibited, and the lectures in explan- ation thereof, are repeatedly changed, to admit the topics of present interest OPEN DAILY, from 12 till 5, and. from 7 till 10. Admission, One Shilling:. liiMMitNISllVIPERCEPTIBLE TRUSJ^ Acknowledged to be the lightest and moit comfortable wearing TniM ret innntcd, ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE CAPS, &c. For Varicose Veins, Weakness, &o. Abdominal Belts, Railway Conveniences, Crutches, Artificial Legs, Hands, Arms, an 4 every description of Surgical Appliance, Manufactured if ARNOLD & SONS. 3"iand 36, WEST SMITHFIELD, LONDON. N.B — Direetioni for Meaiturement and Prlcei forwarded upon applicatioo 1^ l«tt«r. ■^— . ■ . „ ^ - . ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^^^ FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH. THIS excellent Family Medicine is the most effective remedy &r indigestion, bilous, and liver complaints, sick headache, loss of appetite, drowsiness, gid- diness, spasms, and all disorders of the stomach and bowels; and where an aperient is required, nothing can be better adapted. PERSONS OF A FULL HABIT, who are subject to headache, giddinesB, drowsiness, and singing in the ears, arising from too great a flow of blood to the tead, should never be without th^m, as many dangerous symptoms will be entirely sarried off by their use. For FEMALES, these Pills are truly excellent, removing all obsttuctionsi the ^istiessing headache so very prevalent with the sex, depression of spirits, dulnesa of sight, nervous affections, blotches, pimples, and sallowness of the skin, and gi*e «, healthy bloom to the complexion. Sold by ail Medicine Vendors, at Is. l^d. and 28. 9d. per box, or obtained ihrougb «iiy Chemist. THE WONDERFUL ELECTRIC TOY. The MERRY MODNTEBANKS H. G. CJ^ARKE & C0.,'i2, G^^RlCK STREET, COVENT GARDENi WiC. C. O. O. COMICAL CHANGEABLE OHAEACTERS.- T^i Thousana Comical Transformations, Price Is. E. G. CLARKE AND CO . 2, GAURICK STREET, COVENT GARDEN., THE BIREBECE Is th« only BUILDING SOCI ETY whose A nnual Income exceeds ONE MILLION ! How to Purchase a House for Two Guineas per Month. WITH immediate possession, and NO RENT TO PAY. AppJy at the Office of the BIRKBECK BIJILDING SOCIETY,^ 29 & 80, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. How to Purchase a Plot of Land for Five Shilling's per Month. ■\I7ITH immediate possession, either for Building or Gardening purposes. Apply at VV the Office of the BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY, 29 & 80, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. How to Invest your Mon«y with safety at £i. per cent Interest. APPLY at the Office of the BIRKBECK BANK. All sums under XSiOTepayable upon demand. Current Accounts opened ,«inular ..to ordinary .Bankers. . Cheque Books supplied. Office hours from 10 till 4, on Mondays itom 10 till 9, and on Saturdays from 10 till 2 o'clock. A small Pamphlet, containing full particulars, may be obtained Gratis, or sent poat free on application to FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT. Manaeei' ESTABLISHED 1815. srECIALITIES IN ATTIRE FOR YOUNG GENTLEMEN. DAVIS tc COODIVIAN, SnCCKSSORS 10 THE I. ATE L G I LB ART, 96, OXFORD STREET, near Regent Circus, W. SHOW ROOMS CONTAINING THE NEWEST STYLE OF YOUNG CENTLEWIE'^'S CLOTHING, Knickerbocker Suits, Scotch Dresses, Sailors' buits, and the New Spaaish Suits, ready for imme ii^.te wear. • - QADBT AND SOHOOIi IINIFORMS. rHB LITTl/Jfi, TOYMAKER. ^riee Gna .Penny pUnn, Si3( nee coloured. 7 The Magic Giant, and how to make lb 8 The Performing Monkey. 9 CThe Magic N igger, and how to make it 10 'iJ6 Magic Punch and Judy. 11 The Magic Douato. 12 The Magic Sailor, and tne Bonnj Fishwife. 13 The Dancing Toymaker. 14 The Magic Fantoccini, how to makeli 1 The Magic Toymi^ker. 2 The Magic Donkeys, and how to make them. > ( Punch on Hor3eb9C^. 4 Tne Magic Donkey Aiders, 6 The Magic Ponies, and Sosr t» make them. T (Tfce Magie /s<&ey», «Bd *ew to mate; them. Several others in otfo'ie preparation. E tJ. CLAVJKE AXn (;<«). 2, OARRICK STREET, COVISTNT OARDfill.^ CLARKE'S PARLOUR GAMES AND PASTIMES. The Sibylline Mystery, reveals to any person, old or jonngr, of «ther sex, the object of tiieir choice. Truly marvellous and surprising. Price It. Post free for 13 stamps. The Enchanted Album; or, Magiff Book, By merely blowing on the eclpes of this Enchanted Volume it is instantly filled witlj.an endless vaiietv of Engravings, or is composed of blank leaves at will. Price 2s. Cd. with full Instructions. Post free for 32 stamps. The Magic Donkeys. Roars of Laughter ! These wonderful animals go through their extraordinary evolutions daily, at 8 Garrick Street, Qoveni Garden, from Ten till Six. The pair sent Post free for 14 Stamps. ' H. G. CLARKE & Co. 2 GAREICK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. BstabliBhed nearly Half-a-Ceiltury . C«— P..-.. f...... riRST-UlASS UARPETS, Lowest Piiic^sif Pat,teru*i can .,j be forwatded to thte Couutry Fiee''. ' '' First-Class Drapery. Lowest Peices. First-Class Silks. Lowilbt Prices. Fatterna Post Free. First- Class Furniture. Lowest Pbicrs. An Illustrated Frice-List Foat Freai CONSIGNEES, FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. COSTUMES AND BABY LINEN. FAMILY MOURNING. 1 Country Residents can have the full advantage of Lowest London Prices by writing for Patterns, which will be forwarded Post Free. New Famitore Warehouie, T.VENABLES&SONS, 103, 104, and 105, WHITECHAPEL; •AND ' 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16, COMMERCIAL ST. LONDON, E. Postal Address — ' T. YENABLES & SONS, WHITECHAPEL, LONDON, E.~, J A. JL S . T< o American Visitors and American Residents in the Metropolis of London. MESSRS. JAY without assuming for their Establishment a reputation to which it is not entitled, wish to apprise American patronesses of English Houses, that they have on stock a perhaps larger assortment in the Best Goods of BLACK, LAYENDER, AND MAUVE SILK DRESSES, BONNETS, AND ALL KINDS OF ffllLLINERT, than any House in the trade. LONDON GENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE, ; 243, 245, 247, 249, & 251, REGENT STREET, JAY'S. "WEAR-HESISTIN(J"FAi FOR BOYS' AND YOUTHS' CLOTHIiyb. Messrs. SAMUEL BROTHERS beg to notify to Parents and Guardial that they have just introduced a New Fabric for Boys' and Youthi Clothing that wiU RESIST ANY AMOONT OF HARD WEAI^ AND ALSO BB A PROTECTION AGAINST INCLEIVIENT WEATHER. SUIT FOB AB0T,4: feet in height, Clasg, 25S- SUITFOB A BOT, 4: feet in height, D Class, 303. 6d. PRICE ASCENDING OR DESCENDING ACCORDING TO SIZE. Gentlemen's and Boys' Cloh'ng can be either purchased ready-madeor made li measure. The Ready-made Stock is entirely of Messrs. Samujsi. BKOtHEns' awn manjjfactnre, and is equal to Clothing made to order. For the conyenienoe of Lad/ \M6itor8, special Showrooms are ey:olusiTely devoted to the Juvenile Department. SAMUEL BROTHiaS, MERCHANT TAILORS, 50, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, guarantee to supply the very Finest Mate- rials, with gentlemanly style, snund and ex- quisite workmanship, and perfect fit. The vast Stock (the largest in London) isdivided into nine classes, each piece of cloth, and every garment is marked the class to which it belongs and the price in plain figures. This equitable system has been highly suc- cessful in gaining that confidence so neces- sary between Buyer and Seller. Patlerni and Ouide to Sulf-neasurement sent Free. SAMUEL BROTHERS, 50, LUDGATE HILL. E.G. CorneH University Library