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 Report of A. J. McWhIrter United States 
 
 3 1924 021 897 396 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tinis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021897396 
 
REPORT 
 
 -OF- 
 
 A. J. xMcWHIRTKR, 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 -AND ALSO- 
 
 C-ommissioner for Tennessee, 
 
 World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial 
 Exposition, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA., 
 
 1885. 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENN. . 
 
 Marshall & Bruce, Printers to the State. 
 
 1886. 
 
TENNESSEE 
 
 World's lodostrial and Cottoo Wenoial 
 
 NEAV ORLKANS, LA., 
 1884-85. 
 
 To His Excelle7}cy, Hon. Wm. B. Bate, Governor of Tennessee: 
 
 Sir — By an Act of Congress, approved February 10, 1884, 
 a World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, in the 
 year 1884, was duly authorized and provided for, to be under 
 the joint auspices of the United States Government and the 
 Board of Management of N"ew Orleans for the holding of a 
 grand cosmopolitan display of universal industry. Pursuant to 
 this act. His Excellency, Chester A. Arthur, President of the 
 United States, issued his Proclamation, inviting each State and 
 Territory of the American Union, as well as all the civilized 
 nations of the earth, to participate in the exhibit of ^National 
 and International industry. 
 
 By virtue of this Act of Congress, and on your recommenda- 
 tion, I was honored with the following commission from Chester 
 A. Arthur, President of the United States of America: 
 
 To all who shall see these presents, Oveeting : 
 
 Kkow Ye, That reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity and 
 ability of A. J. McWhirter, and upon the recommendation of the Governor of the 
 State of Tennessee. I do appoint the said A. J. McWhirter to be a Commissioner 
 to represent the said State, under the Act of Congress, entitled "An act to ei,- 
 courage the holding of a World's Industr'al and Cotton Centennial Exposition in 
 
(4) 
 
 the 3'ear eighteen hundred and eighty-four," approved February 10, 1883, and sub- 
 ject to the provisions thereof. 
 
 In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to be made- 
 patent, and the seal of the United States to be hereunto at- 
 SEAL fixed. Done at the city of Washington, this 5th day of 
 
 UNITED STATES. February, in the year one thousand, eight hundred and 
 
 eighty-four, and of the Independence of the United States, 
 of America the 108th. 
 
 By the President : Chester A. Arthuk. 
 
 Fred. T. Fkelixghuysen, Stcntary of tSiate. 
 
 Having executed the required oath of office, I at once en- 
 tered upon the duties assigned me, and aided by your advice 
 and counsel, to the best of my ability discharged my trust, a 
 report of which is hereby submitted. 
 
 Immediately after assuming the duties of Commissioner an 
 "Appeal to Tennesseans" was issued, from which the follo\ving 
 is extracted : 
 
 "Nearly all the States in the Union are actively moving in this matter. Some 
 have made large appropriations. The question with us now is, Shall the great re- 
 sources of Tennessee be shown beside those of her sister States? We are all 
 proud of our State. We are proud of its wealth in forest, mine and stream — proud 
 of its agricultural and horticultural products. This generation, at least, wilt 
 never have another such opportunity. There will, perhaps, never be a time in the- 
 history of the State when she can accomplish for herself so much good as by going 
 to the front at this Exposition. 
 
 "We accepted this position and commenced this enterprise without mean.s of 
 any kind. But through the public spirit of the Exposition management at New 
 Orleans we have received a small sum, which will be increased from time to time 
 as the installments from the general Government are paid over to the Director- 
 General. The counties of Shelby, Davidson and Knox have each appropriated 
 $500; those of Madison, Hardeman, Fayette, Dyer, Gibson and Sullivan, $250 
 each, and Hancock $150, which sums will be used exclusively by their County Com- 
 missioners in making displays from those counties. Tennessee has not made any 
 appropriation for this purpose whatever, while some of her sister States have ap- 
 propriated as much as $50,000. One State, Louisiana, appropriated .§100,000. 
 
 "To enable us to make such a display as we can and ought to make, we need' 
 more funds. We therefore address ourselves to those public-spirited citizens of all 
 the counties in the State, invoking their aid in this great, this most important 
 work. It requires money, labor and time to do this work as it should be done. 
 
The more done the more benefits will inure to the State, counties, localities and 
 the people. 
 
 " With the intelligent and grand people of Tennessee, it is not necessary to enter 
 into any detailed argument to show the importance of such Expositions. The dis- 
 play of Tennessee products at the Expositions of Boston and Louisville last year 
 has already directed more than three millions of capital and more than two thou- 
 sand families into the State. Expositions are the highest evidences of advanced 
 ■civilization and progress, applicable to individuals as well as States and nations. 
 They quicken the spirit of industry, art and invention by bringing the producer, 
 manufacturer and capitalist in direct contact. Generous rivalry to outdo each 
 ■other in the artp of peace and to cnltlvate more intimate acquaintance and social 
 relations are always productive of great good. 
 
 "To secure a full and creditable exhibit at New Orleans, we need the personal 
 effort, energy and enterprise of every Tennessean. Lay aside formalities and 
 come 'to our assistance. Let this appeal be considered a special invitation to all 
 who may read or hear to contribute all and whatever they can in any way, shape 
 or manner that will benefit the individual, locality, county or State. 
 
 The better to prosecute the arduous work in hand, I next 
 appointed Assistant Commissioners for each county in the 
 State — several for each county, and numbering several hun- 
 dred — the gentlemen to look after the mineral, forest, field, or- 
 chard and garden products and the ladies to look after " Wom- 
 an's Work" — paintings, drawings, needle-work^ embroideries, 
 etc., etc. Mrs. Felicia Grundy Porter, of Nashville, Tenn., was 
 appointed President of the Ladies' Commission, and Mrs. Ad- 
 dison Haj^es, of Memphis ; Mrs. Robert Grates, of Jackson ; 
 Mrs. E. W. Cole, of JSTashville; Mrs. D. M. Key, of Chatta- 
 nooga; Mrs. E. S. McClung, of'Knoxville ; Miss Belle Patter- 
 son, of Greeneville; Mrs. 0. M. SpofFord, of Pulaski ; Mrs. 
 James Tillman, of Fayetteville ; Mrs. Chas. M. Ewiug, of Dres- 
 den, and Mrs. Mary Ann Howard, of Dixon Springs, Vice- 
 Presidents. 
 
 Following this " appeal," with the meagre funds placed at 
 my disposal by the management of the Exposition, I and my 
 assistants began a thorough canvass of the State by counties, 
 in order to arouse an interest in each individual, as well as to 
 secure specimens of the entire resources of our State. Early 
 in October, 1884, our collection had reached proportions that 
 justified shipping to ISTew Orleans, which work I at once or- 
 dered, and dispatched a corps of men to that city to receive 
 
(6) 
 
 and arrange it in the space in the Government Building that 
 had been assigned to tiie Tennessee exhibit. The shipments 
 embraced every species of iron ore found in our State, silver 
 ore, copper, zinc, manganese, marbles, sand stones, building" 
 stones, granites, kaolin, coal, slate, vegetables, fruits, grains, 
 grasses, tobacco, forestry products, and the flora of the State, 
 besides numerous specimens of woman's work, consisting of 
 painting, embroidery, fancy needle-work, together with quite a 
 number of very rare works of art by Tennessee artists, among- 
 whom were notably the distinguished Mr. George Dury and 
 Mr. ^\''i]lianl Cooper, of Xashville. 
 
 It had been originally intended to formally open the Exposi- 
 tion on the 1st of December, hut, fortunately for the Tennessee 
 exhibit, a very inclement season, the rainiest Xew Orleans had 
 experienced for many years, retarded the progress of the work 
 and rendered the opening impossible until December 16. Ar- 
 riving on the ground in November, I took personal charge of 
 the arrangement and construction of our display, and was de- 
 tained at the Exposition almost continuously until the meeting- 
 of our Legislature in January, 1885. The great expense of the 
 work necessary to be accomplished exhausted our iinances early 
 in January (a full report, accompanied with our itemized ex- 
 pense account, I had the honor td submit to the Forty -fourth 
 General Assembl}'), and, although we had toiled unceasingly, 
 our exhibit compared but poorly with those of other States. 
 The i-eason was obvious, for up to this date Tennessee was the 
 only State whose Legislature had failed to make a handsome 
 appropriation for this purpose. 
 
 Appreciating the importance of having Tennessee creditably 
 represented at this greatest of the world's fairs, j^our Excel- 
 lency, in a message to our General Assembly, on January 12, 
 1885, in reference to the subject, said: 
 
 "The Exposition at Xew Orleans is an opportune occasion to publish to the 
 world the unrivuled mines, resources and agricultural productiveness uf the State. 
 The Commissioner, with commendable energy and a comparatively small amount 
 of money, has arranged, in part, the Tennessee exhibit, but an additional appro- 
 priation is i.eeded to complete ihe work and make it creditable to the State. As 
 to what this amount should be, I can only cite you to the report of the Commis- 
 
(') 
 
 sioner and the action of other States. Every Tennfssean should, and does, feel a 
 pride in the presentation our State shall make at the Exposition, where a just and 
 generous rivalry obtains among Nations and States in the display of Nature's 
 kindly gifts, as in mechanical, artistic and educational advancement." 
 
 Following this message came murmurs of discontent from 
 every Tennessean who had visited the Exposition, and had seen 
 that our exhibit was inferior to those of other Southern States, 
 for the reason that in every instance they had made large ap- 
 propriations (Louisiana had appropriated |100,000 ; North Car- 
 olina, $30,000; Mississippi, $20,000; Texas, $40,000, and so on). 
 Our State press finally took up the ma.tter, and brought the 
 facts so clearly before the Legislature as to aid us very mate- 
 rially in securing the passage of a.n act appropriating $10,000 
 to complete the Tennessee exhibit. 
 
 NEWSPAPEE COMMENTS. 
 
 The following are a few extracts from leading newspapers 
 on the necessity of State aid to the Exposition : 
 
 (Alamo Sentinel.) 
 
 The Legislature should certainly take some step, immediately upon its organi- 
 zation, to relieve Commissioner McWhirter of the embarrassing circumstances 
 under which he is laboring. 
 
 (Milan Exchange.) 
 
 The Tennessee exhibit at New Orleans is about to prove a failure for the want 
 of money to make a suitable display. Let the Legislature vote a sufficient sum to 
 keep the State from disgrace anyhow. 
 
 (Jackson Whig.) 
 
 The Tennessee Commissioners for the New Orleans Exposition will ask the 
 Legislature to appropriate §10,000. to be used in making a more creditable and 
 
(8) 
 
 just representation of the State at the Exposition, It is to be hoped that the 
 Legislature will take immediate action on the matter and make the appropriation. 
 It would be money well invested. < 
 
 (Chattanooga Times.) 
 
 Tennessee is the only State that appropriates nothing for an exhibit at New 
 Orleans. Even the little patch of bare granite, New Hampshire, gave its Com- 
 missioner $8,000. All the other States gave $10,00(1 or upward, Texas giving 
 $30,000. So Tennessee promises to cut but little more reputable figure than she 
 did at the Centennial, unless the Legislature takes hold of the matter as soon as 
 it assembles and furnishes some money, 
 
 (Memphis Avalanche.) 
 
 By_all means the Legislature should give the §10,000 asked for by the Commis- 
 sioners of Tennessee at New Orleans, If there were more time, it would be well 
 if it were raised to a sum adequate to represent Tennessee as she is. This is all 
 that is asked for. It is to be used to secure some additional articles for completer 
 display, and to arrange what has been secured, through private bounty and the 
 services without money, of the live and enterprising Commissioner MoWhirter and 
 his assistants. They have done more than could have been expected. The first 
 act of the Legislature, after organization, should be making this appropriation. 
 
 (Tri-County News.) 
 
 Tennessee's exhiljit at New Orleans is reported not to be what it was expected 
 by its friends. MoWhirter is doing every thing he can to make it a grand success, 
 but he needs means. The present Legislature should come to his relief imme- 
 diately, for it would be a shame for Tennessee to lose this opportunity of advertis- 
 ing her immense resources to the world, and if our representatives do not take 
 this into consideration, they will, in our opinion, lose an opportunity of bringing 
 our State with its wonderful resources before the world in a manner which would, 
 doubtless, prove of great value to the State, and that, too, in the near future. 
 
 (Jackson Whig.) 
 
 We have it from reliable authority that Tennessee's exhibit at New Orleans is 
 not fully apace with the displays of other States, and that the money in the hands 
 of Commissioner McWhirter is not sufficient to make a creditable show for our 
 products. This state of affairs should arouse our public men, and especially 
 members of the Legislature, to prompt and decisive action. The "Old Volunteer 
 State'' cannot afford to go begging when the eyes of the world are upon her. It 
 were better, infinitely better, that she should stay at home and talk loud than to 
 be distanced and humiliated by other less worthy competitors. The New Orleans 
 Exposition is the recognized exponent of Southern enterprise and progress, and 
 hence it is a golden opportunity for Tennessee to show her hand and advertise her 
 splendid resources. Lack of p ish and ill-timed parsimony are reprehensible in 
 the lives of individuals, but in States they are inexcusable and disgraceful. Let 
 the Legislature rally to the help of Tennessee at the Exposition in order that she 
 
maj- retain the pr.iud pre-eminei ce she enjo3's in the councils of the Nat' on and 
 in the sisterhood of States. 
 
 (Jackson Tribune and Sun.) 
 
 Let it be Done. — It seems to be understood that a bill making an appropriation 
 on the part of the State, to secure a crtditable display of 'J'ennessee's resources, 
 will be introduced at an early day after the meeting: of the Legislature. By all 
 means let it be done — and let the appropriation be a liberal and generous one — and 
 let it pass immediately. The Memphis J^^ca? says: "Is there one Tennessean 
 who attended the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia that did not blush for 
 shame when he saw the ragged tent, with its dirt.y, unfurnished internals, that rep- 
 resented, amid the handsome State buildings around it, the State of Tennessee ? Is 
 there a Tennessean willing that his State should again be, in a similar waj', de- 
 graded in the eyes of the world at the present Exposition at New Orleans ? Such, 
 however, will be the case unless the Legislatare of this State do as other Legisla- 
 tures have done, make an appropriation that shall put this State at least on a par 
 with her sister States." 
 
 (Bolivar Bulletin.) 
 
 Tennessee's Exhibit at New Orleans. — Commissioner McWhirter will ask the 
 Legislature for an appropriation to complete the display of the resources of 
 Tennessee at the New Orleans Exposition. He is at present at New Orleans pre- 
 paring the exhibits of the State as best he can without means, to compete with 
 displays of other States, whose Commissioners have spent thousands of dollars in 
 securing specimens and arranging them. Tennessee has not appropriated a dol- 
 lar to be expended in properly displaying her resources on this supreme occasion, 
 and unless the Legislature responds promptly and liberally to the petition of Com- 
 mission -r McWhirter, the State will lay far back in the shadow of States which are 
 her inferiors in natural resources, and in every other respect. There is not a man 
 in Tennessee who wants to go to New Orleans and look upon such a representa- 
 tion as she had at the Centennial in ]SY6. There is not a State in the Union that 
 has a more ente^rising or untiring Commissioner than Tennessee has, but he 
 cannot make her display surpass, or even equal, those of other States whose Leg- 
 islatures have appropriated ten, twenty, thirty, and some of them have even fifty 
 thousand dollars to be expended on this occasion. The Legislature of Tennessee 
 will probably be asked to appropriate 110,000, and it should do it promptly, and 
 should appropriate even more than that, if necessary, to give our State the posi- 
 tion she is justly entitled to on this important occasion. We agree with the Mem- 
 phis Appeal v/heu. it say.'^, referring to the Legislature making the appropriation: 
 "The Legislature should either do that or pass a resolution directing the Commis- 
 sioner to withdraw from the Exposition, and not disgrace the State bj' parading us 
 before the world in a garb not suited to a world's dress parade.'' 
 
 (Jackson Tribune and Sun.) 
 
 Don't Disgrace Her. — The information from the New Orleans Exposition, 
 which is for the time the center of attraction for the civilized world, is that the 
 Tennessee Commissioner is embarrassed for the want of adequate means to proi> 
 
( 10 ) 
 
 erly disiDlay the resources of his State. He is there brought in direct conipetition 
 with all the States of this Union, and with the various American and European 
 States and Governments. While they have ample means, drawn from large ap- 
 propriations made by the authorities of their respective States, Tennessee is there 
 fighting the unequal contest with the little scattering appropriations made bj' the 
 County Courts. As a result, she is placed at a disadvantage, which is calculated 
 to do her an injury, instead of benefitting her She is like a plainly dressed 
 woman in a fashionable company. She is too proud to run awaj-, and not dressed 
 well enough to enjoy herself. Tennessee has no business to be there at all unless 
 she is presented in a manner that will do her justice and credit. She is capable 
 of making a fine exhibit, and any other kind would misrepresent her. It is right 
 that she should be represented, and Commis.sioner McWhirter has done more than 
 the Commissioner of any other State to bring his State up to the standard of a 
 World's Exposition. While they have met him with large State appropriations, he 
 has been forced to rely on local and individual effort to have Tennessee represented 
 at all. It is the manifest duty of the Legislature, when it meets, to at once furnish 
 him the means that may be needed to complete the Tennessee exhibit, so that the 
 State shall not be disgraced by comparison with other States of less merit. The 
 Legislature should either do that or pass a resolution directing the Commissioner 
 to withdraw from the Exposition, and not disgrace our old mother by parading her 
 before the world in a garb not suited to a world's dress parade. Tennesseans 
 want to visit New Orleans, but they don't want to slip around the Tennessee De- 
 partment and be ashamed to confess that they live in the State. The Legislature 
 should see that the thing is done decently or not at all. It should make a liberal 
 appropriation, and make it immediately after it meets. Niggardliness is not 
 economy, and the people will not accept it as such. 
 
 (Memphis Appeal, Sunday.) 
 
 Tennessee and the Exposition. — Is there one Tennessean who attended the 
 Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, that did not blush for shame when he saw 
 the ragged tent, with its dirty, unfurnished interior, that represented, amid the 
 handsome State buildings around it, the State of Tennessee? Is there a Tennes- 
 sean willing that his State should again be, in a similar way, degraded in the eyes 
 of the world at the present Exposition at New Orleans? Such, however, will be 
 the case, unless the Legislature of this State do as the other State Legislatures 
 have done — make an appropriation that shall put this State at least on a par with 
 her sister States. Our citizens want capitalists to invest in Tennessee enterprises, 
 to establish manufactories, to open mines, and to cultivate our fertile lands. They 
 also want immigrants who will settle among us, and help to advance our prosper- 
 ity and increase our wealth. They certainly know that these desirable results 
 will not spring up of themselves, like weeds by the wayside. Other States desire 
 the advantages Tennessee is longing for as much as Tennessee does, and they, 
 from one end of the Union to the other, have made substantial grants of monej' 
 by legislative action so that the products and manufactures of their States shall 
 be presented for the world's gaze in the most atti-active possible stjde, and to the 
 utmost extent of tlie State's possibilities. Shall Tennessee suffer disgrace, and 
 her citizens be again put to the blush by Tennessee standing alone amid her sister 
 States, insensible to its own fame, neglectful of its own interests, so destitute of 
 
(1M 
 
 pride iu the State where their home i^ and their children are reared, as to make it 
 an object of contumely, scorn, jeers and mockery from the thousands that, from 
 every State in the Union, and from many a foreign land, will be present at the 
 Exposition, and form their opinion of the relative advantages and the absolute 
 progress of the different States by what is presented before them by the different 
 States themselves? In another place we publish this morning a letter from one of 
 the most prominent and respected citizens of Tennessee, upon the subject of the 
 State's representation at the World's Exposit'on. We ask from every reader of 
 the Appeal, and every inhabitant of Memphis, a thoughtful perusal of Mr. Gates' 
 letter. Ten thousand dollars will vindicate our State and save it from impending 
 ignominy. Our citizens, individually and by their organizations, should, without 
 anj' delaj', make known to our Lesislature that the money must be appropriated, 
 and the good name of the State be preserved and her interests secured. 
 
 AID TO THE EXPOSITIOI^. 
 
 CHAPTER 4. 
 
 AN ACT to appropriate the sum of ten thousand doUavs for the preparation, completion of the ar- 
 rangement, the preservation and return of the exhibits sent from the State of Tennessee to 
 the World's Exposition at New Orleans, Louisiana. 
 
 Sectios 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee, 
 That the sum of ten thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to 
 defray the expenses of the preparation, completion of the arrangements, the pres- 
 ervation and the return of the exhibits sent from the State of Tennessee to the 
 World's Exposition at New Orleans, Louisiana. 
 
 Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, That said sum of ten thousand dollars be paid 
 out of the Treasury of the State, upon the warrant of the Comptroller, to A. J. 
 JlcWhirter, Commissioner of Agriculture, Statistics and Mines, as the same may 
 be req\iired by him to defray said expenses. 
 
 Sec. 3. Be it farther enacted, That the Commissioner of Agriculture, Statis- 
 tics and Mines of the State of Tennessee shall keep an itemized account of all 
 moneys collected and disbursed by him under the provisions of this Act, and shall 
 report the same, aticompanied with all vouchers for money expended, to the next 
 session of the General Assembly of Tennessee. 
 
(12) 
 
 Sec. 4. Be it further enacted, That this Act take effect from and after its pass- 
 age, the public welfare requiring it. 
 
 Passed Januarj 21, 1885. 
 
 J. A. Maxsox, 
 Speaker of the Rouse of Representatives. 
 
 C. R. Bkrry, 
 Speaker oj the Senate. 
 Approved January 2V, I.'-^Sj, 
 
 Wm. B. Bate, 
 
 Governor. 
 
 As will be seen from the date of the passage of this bill, no 
 funds were forthcoming before the 27th of January, 1885 — more 
 than six weeks after the Exposition had opened its doors to the 
 world. 
 
 Finding our State so far behind all others, we were forced to 
 make extra exertions and proceed with disagreeable haste in 
 accumulating material for our display. I enlarged my circle of 
 assistants, whom I sent throughout the State, and within two 
 weeks had several car loads of specimens en route to iSTew Or- 
 leans. Our exhibit began immediately to assume proportions 
 that made it the cynosure of all the States. Coal from twenty- 
 three mines stood in attractive and fantastic pyramids; one 
 hundred and thirty thousand pounds of iron ore were placed so 
 as to catch the eyes of the thousands who were there to inves- 
 tigate that interest. Close by was arranged three tons of pig 
 metal. Over tM^o hundred slabs of our handsomest marble 
 tastefully framed in the very center of our exhibit, commanded 
 the attention of admiring thousands. This was pronounced in 
 the premium awarded Tennessee as the finest collection of mar- 
 ble ever shown in America. Our forestry was represented by 
 ninety discs or cuts, some of which were seven feet in diameter 
 and weighed as much as four thousand pounds. Over three 
 hundred varieties of grains and grasses adorned our grain pyr- 
 amids and " Temple of Ceres." We exhibited two hundred 
 and fifty bushels of our finest corn, representing every color 
 and variety, and distributed to visitors over thirty thousand 
 paper bags of the same. Our tobacco exhibit, the largest and 
 handsomest in the building, was awarded the premium. To 
 
(13) 
 
 enumerate and describe each article would fill a volume many 
 times larger than the purpose for which this is intended. Al- 
 though ten thousand square feet of space had been given to us 
 on which to arrange our entire State display, we now discov- 
 ered that the natural products alone would require it all, and 
 that the "Woman's Work" display, under the admirable man- 
 agement of Mrs. Felicia Grundy Porter, of this city, the edu- 
 cational display and the display of our colored fellow-citizens 
 would have to be installed in other portiops of the building. 
 They were splendidly arranged in the wide galleries, however, 
 and attracted their full share of favorable comment. 
 
 By the 14th of March, when most of the members of our 
 Legislature, together with many other prominent citizens cf 
 our State, visited New Orleans to inspect our exhibit, the press 
 of the entire Union was ringing with its praise. The artistic 
 arrangement, no less than the wonderful diversity of our re- 
 sources, attracted alike the sight-seer and the student. 
 
 The following comment, from the Times-Democrat, will ex- 
 plain itself: 
 
 THE EXHIBIT OF TENNESSEE, 
 
 In the Government Building, is one worthy of careful investigation by all people 
 and is, in all respects, creditable to the State which makes it. The State, with its 
 central locality, its great water-ways, its varied agricultural products, and its rich 
 mines and quarries, has before it a future of unexampled grandeur. In climate, 
 as in other natural features, the State presents a marked variety. 
 
 This is especially true of summer temperatures. The valley lands of upper 
 East Tennessee have the summers of Ohio and New Jersey; the low-lands of Mid- 
 dle Tennessee have the summers of the northern part of Georgia, while West Ten- 
 nessee is warmed by the summer of the centralparts of Georgia and South Caro- 
 lina. And further, there is, as will be seen hereafter, an extended line of high 
 points on the eastern border of the State, which have the cool breezes of a Cana- 
 dian summer, and are to some extent clothed with a Canadian flora. 
 
 The climate of the State, exclusive of its mountains, is in general mid-way in 
 character between that of a temperate and that of a subtropical region ; or rather 
 it combines the milder features of the two. In common with a large part of the 
 Valley of the Mississippi, the climate is subject to comparatively gn at extremes; 
 yet these extremes never reach the excessive cold of the Northern States, or the 
 highest temperature of the tropics. 
 
 Herbage is often green throughout the year, and cattle can generally graze, with 
 
(1-t) 
 
 but little interruption from cold or snow, during all tlie months of winter. Man}- 
 shrubs, which in States farther North lose their leaves during the winter, here not 
 unfrequently retain thera the year round. The dailj- changes ot temperature are 
 considerable, and, in common with a large area of the Mississippi Vallej', the State 
 has a full share of humidity and sufficient rains. 
 
 This great range of temperature enables the State to show an immense variet}" 
 of agricultural products, which are fully set out in the State exhibit. In variety 
 of products it is probable that Tennessee is surpassed by no other State in the 
 Union. 
 
 The principal crops cultivated are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barle.y, clover, a great 
 variety of grasses, sorghum, tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables of all Vinds, and 
 fruits in great abundance and variety. It has been truthfullj' said that were the 
 State surrounded by an impassable barrier, she could produce within hei- own bor- 
 ders every essential to the sub.slstence of a dense population. 
 
 The display of corn made by the State is unexcelled. There has been no at- 
 tempt at the utilization of the cereal for decorative purposes, but the display of 
 ears of fine corn fills scores of roomy bins to overflowing, and is continued on 
 shelves and counters. According to the census of 1880, the area devoted to the 
 cultivation of corn in Tennessee was 2,904,873 acres, on which was produced 
 62,76-1,429 bushels of corn, a mammoth industry, and one which has received due 
 attention in the exhibit. 
 
 Wheat, also, is extensively produced in the State, the total number of bushels 
 raised in 1880 being 7,331,353. Specimens of wheat from all sections of the State 
 are shown both in the head and in small sacks. Flour made from Tennessee 
 wheat is also shown, completing the exhibit. The other grains grown in the State 
 are exhibited by samples taken from divers sections of the State. Cotton is shown 
 in bales, and of excellent quality. The State stands among the foremost in pro- 
 duction of the fleecy staple, its yield in 1880 being 330,621 bales. One af the 
 secondary agricultural products of the State which is yet far from being unim- 
 portant is broom-corn, which is shown in a network of huge arches near the Com- 
 missioner's office. Tobacco is shown in bunches, a special edifice having been 
 constructed to exhibit the staple. It is an important crop in Tennessee, for in 
 1880 tobacco was grown In e^ery county in the State, the aggregate acreage being 
 42,532 acres, and the jneld 29,365,052 pounds, being an average of 690 pounds per 
 acre. 
 
 It is Impossible, however, to describe in detail the immense and varied exhibit 
 of the agricultural resources of Tennessee. Yet even larger than this section of 
 the collective exhibit is that devoted to Tennessee's 
 
 MINERAL RESOURCES. 
 
 First In this department should be noticed the grand display of marbles — a dis- 
 play which. In point of variety. Is unequalled by any In the building. In the rich 
 brown and chocolate-colored marbles Tennessee stands pre-eminent. The pure 
 white marble does not exist in Tennessee; the marbles in that State have all 
 a';=;uraed warmer liuti. Nearly all the Tennessee marble belongs to the variegated 
 
(15) 
 
 class; some has a solid di'ab or dove color, and in other localities it is giay or 
 pinkish-gray. Of this class it has no rival east of the Rocky Mountains, except 
 in a limited area of the State of Vermont. The sienna and variegated marbles of 
 Italy have been supplanted by the more brilliant stone from Tennessee. One hun- 
 dred and eight3'-five specimens of these marbles are shown in all their beauty in 
 the exhibit of Tennessee, and should be examined not only by those whose busi- 
 ness is connected with the marble interest, but by all who can appreciate beaut3' 
 in stone. 
 
 A section of the mineral displaj', to which much attention has been devoted, is 
 that of the iron mining interests of the State. An extensive area of shelf and 
 counter room is covered with specimens of iron ores, while a number of samples 
 of the manufactured products are shown in the same section. Every variety of 
 iron ore known, with the exception of the spathic carbonates, is found in Ten- 
 nessee, and is shown in the State exhibit. 
 
 The coal region of Tennessee is very extensive, and the excellent quality of the 
 coal makes the mining interests of the State much more valuable than those in 
 other States of greater coal-producing area. Samples are shown here from twenty- 
 three mines of the State, each of which is in active operation, while the individual 
 capital of money is as great as $3,000,000. 
 
 In examining the exhibit of Tennessee, a detailed account of which would fill 
 columns, the visitor will be struck by its comprehensiveness as an exhibit of the 
 natural resources of the State. With a smaller appropriation than has been given 
 to most of the States, the Commissioner, McWhirter, has succeeded in collecting a 
 most comprehensive exhibit, and arranging it in a most admirable manner. He 
 is now about to crown hi^ work by a Tennessee opening day, the arrangements for 
 which indicate that it will be one of the grandest of the year. 
 
 TENIS'ESSEE DAY. 
 
 In keeping with the universally-observed plan of the Expo- 
 sition management, your Commissioner designated the birth- 
 day of Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States 
 and hero of New Orleans, which, falling on Sunday, the 15th, 
 the 14th of March was substituted as Tennessee Day. While 
 it was sincerely regretted that uncontrollable circumstances pre- 
 vented the attendance of our Governor, we were at the same 
 
(10) 
 
 time delighted to receive thousands of our other citizens and 
 most of our State officials on that day. Well may Tennesseans- 
 be proud, not only of their State, but the successful manage- 
 ment of this gala day reception ; and it is still a matter of self- 
 gratulation to us that the gate receipts on that day were far in 
 excess of the receipts of any other State day during the period 
 of the Exposition. 
 
 More than 20,000 persons were packed in and around the 
 great Music Hall during our exercises, which were carried out 
 as follows : 
 
 ORDER OF EXERCISES 
 
 for Tennessee Da3', March 14, 1885: 
 
 The members of the Tennessee Legislature wi'l assemble at the wharf at the- 
 foot of Canal street at 11 a. m., sharp, and proceed by the boat Clinton to the Ex- 
 position grounds. In passing the United States flagship "Tennessee" a, salute 
 will be fired. 
 
 Arriving at the Exposition grounds, the party will proceed to the Tennessee: 
 State exhibit, where, at 12:30 p m., the following programme will be observed: 
 
 1. Prayer by Rev. Dr. Strickland, of Tennessee. 
 
 2. Address by Hon. Thomas W. Neal, of Tennessee. 
 
 3. Address by Hon. N. T. Dulaney, of Tennessee. 
 
 4. Address by Hon. W. W, Wade, of Tennessee. 
 
 5. Proceed to the Woman's Work Department, of Tennessee. 
 
 6. Address of Hon. J. M. Young, of Tennessee. 
 
 7. Proceed to the Colored Exhibit, of Tennessee. 
 
 8. Address by Hon. S. A. Mcl''lwee, of Tennessee. 
 
 9. Proceed to the Educational Department, of Tennessee. 
 10. Address by Hon. D. L. Murrell, of Tennessee. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 At 2 p. M the Tennessee Legislature, and all persons interested, will assemble 
 in the Music Hall. 
 
 1. Exercises will be opened with music by the Mexican Band, after which prayer 
 by Rev. Mr. Markham. 
 
 2. Address of Welcome bv Hon. H. R. Lucas, of Louisiana, 
 
 3. Response by Hon, M, T. Bryan, of Tennessee. 
 Music by the Mexican Band, 
 
 4. Hon. A. J, McWhirter, United States Commissioner for Tennessee, will 
 transfer the Tennessee exhibit to Commissioner-General Morehi ad, who will re- 
 ceive it on behalf of the Bo ird of MaiiHgement. 
 
 Music by the Mexican Band, 
 
(17) 
 
 5. Oration on "The Life and Character of Andrew Jackson," by Hon. T. L. 
 Dodd, of Tennessee. 
 
 6. Address by Hon. R. R. Butler, of Tennessee. 
 
 7. Address by Hon. Geo. W. Martin, of Tennessee. 
 
 8. Address by Hon. H. B. Case, of Tennessee. 
 Music by the Mexican Band. 
 
 All Tennesseans, Commissioners, exhibitors and citizens are especially invited 
 to attend and participate in the exercises. 
 
 MUSICAL PROaEAMME. 
 
 The following musical programme, under the direction of 
 Senor E. Payen, leader of the famous Mexican Band, was ob- 
 served : 
 
 1. Zeneta, Overture Auber 
 
 2. Love and Happiness, Mazourka Villalpando 
 
 3. Carmen, F'antaisie Bizet 
 
 4. Les Gardes du Roi, Waltz N 
 
 5. Le verre en Main, Polka Fahrbach 
 
 6. En una Orgia, Danza Villalpando 
 
 7. La Belle Andalouse, Overture Violetta 
 
 8. Pienso en ti, Schottische Navarro 
 
 9. Lucia, Fantaisie Donizetti 
 
 10. Le Tourbillon, Waltz Mattei 
 
 11. The Voice of the Old Bell Thompson 
 
 12. Mary, Mazourka Navarro 
 
 13. Mary, Danza Garcia 
 
 From the Times-Democrat, New Orleans, La., March 15, 1885 : 
 
 TENNESSEE DAT. 
 
 Yesterday the one huudred and seventeenth anniversary of the birthday of that 
 illustrious Tennessean, Andrew Jackson, was made the occasion of the formal 
 opening of the Tennessee exhibit. A large delegation of the Tennessee Legisla- 
 ture and thousands of the citizens of the State were in attendance. At 11 o'clock 
 in the morning the guests of the occasion boarded the steamer Clinton at the foot 
 of Canal street and proceeded to the Exposition, receiving a salute from the United 
 States man-of-war Tennessee, lying in the river. On arriving at the wharf another 
 salute was fired, and the company proceeded to the Tennessee exhibit in the Gov- 
 ernment Building, where the exercises were begun. 
 2 noe 
 
(18) 
 
 THE CEREMONIES. 
 
 The company assembled in the center of the Tennessee exhibit, filling the aisles 
 and all available space to overflowing. After a few minutes of preliminary conver- 
 sation a solemn hush fell on the company, and an eloquent prayer was offered by 
 the Rev. Dr. Strickland, of Tennessee. This was followed bj' a few brief remarks 
 from Commissioner McWhirter, who welcomed the guests to the Tennessee exhibit 
 and introduced Hon. Thos. W. Neal, of Tennessee, who spoke a few brief words 
 of welcome to the guests and of praise and commendation for the exhibit. At the 
 conclusion of this speaker's remarks, which were couched in the most eloquent 
 language and received with great applause li}' the audience, the 
 
 HON. K. T. DULANET 
 
 took the stand and addressed the audience as follows : 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen — When, on last night, I was informed that I was booked 
 for a short speech on this occasion (ten minutes), I was reminded of the boy who 
 was asked to put a bushel into a pint. I appreciated the difficulty, which does not 
 grow out of any lack of material, but rather out of a superabundance of material 
 for speech-making, coupled with the fact that public speaking is altogether foreign 
 to my vocation. Bat j'ielding to the powers that be, I will now try to discharge 
 that duty. 
 
 The circumstances under which we meet to-da}' are peculiarly interesting, en- 
 couraging and suggestive. Interesting, because we celebrate the birthday of the 
 brave, the heroic, the immortal Jackson. Encouraging, because of the greatness, 
 the vastness and the significance of the Exposition. Suggestive, because, upon 
 the principle of association, we are naiturally and unavoidably carried in memory 
 back to the visit of Jackson and his Tennessee militia to New Orleans, under less 
 favorable circumstances. I say the occasion is interesting and encouraging, for 
 but a few years ago the South was but one vast field of desolation ; for at the end 
 of a long and bloody war she found herself in poverty, her fields deserted, her 
 young men left upon bloody fields, and many of her titles in ashes. But the spirit 
 of her manhood remained, and, jjossessed of this, and her determination, and her 
 indomitable will, she found that though poor she was still rich, and, remembering 
 the maxim, "Ferseventia vincii omnia," her energies, physical and mental, were 
 directed toward the recovery of her wasted fortunes and the restoration of her 
 wonted grandeur. 
 
 And now, after twenty years' of labor, push and go-ahead, she finds herself, 
 PhcEnix-like, risen from her own ashes and clothed with the habiliments of great- 
 ness and royalty. We, the representatives of Tennessee, have been invited to look 
 upon these, the insignia of our inherent greatness, wealth and power. And we 
 are proud of the opportunity, for having passed through the fire ourselves, and 
 having gone down with you into the dust of humility, and having tasted the same 
 bitter cup with you, we are glad of the opportunity to extend to you the hand of 
 greeting, and to rejoice with you in this, the day of our national exultation and 
 exaltation. The emblems of war have given place to the emblems of peace. 
 
 We have here the emblems of our agricultural and mineral resources in the 
 
(.19) 
 
 rankest and most Rxtravagant productions of the soil, and in the richest produc- 
 tions of the mines, thus indicating at a glance the countless millions of undevel- 
 oped wealth lying at our door. ( )f this we are justly proud. 
 
 But we have before us the evidence of a still greater source of wealth and power 
 and true greatness which the world is just beginning to appreciate. I refer to the 
 inventive genius, the mind power, coupled with an executive will, as presented and 
 represented in the mechanics department of the Exposition. 
 
 There you have evidence of a source of wealth and power which you may justly 
 be proud. It is the s-uperioritj' of mind over matter, or brain over muscle; and 
 this is that which gives life and motion to the wheels of progress. 
 
 In fact, this is the very essence of progress itself It is the key that unlocks the 
 door of nature s laboratory, and brings to light her hidden treasures, and develops 
 her latent energies, and makes them subservient to man in solving that hereditarj' 
 problem — that problem transmitted from generation to generation ever since man 
 was banished from Eden, viz.: What shall I eat and what shall I wear? This is 
 the ever-recurring problem of life, and for its solution the energies of mind and 
 body have ever been taxed. The earth and the air and the sea have all been ran- 
 sacked in efforts to solve this problem. The mighty ships that plow the trackless 
 deep, transporting the products of the world from continent to continent, are in- 
 struments in the solution of the same question. Heat, light, electricity, and all 
 the elements have been invoked for the same end. And still the question is as 
 urgent, as pressing, as irresistible to-day as when man found himself an exile from 
 Eden. Its easiest solution is to be found in a recognition of the superiority of 
 mind over matter, coupled with a co-operation of the two. 
 
 In the vast exhibition before us, we have abundant evidence of the power and 
 operation of this element. But time forbids me to go into this. I have said our 
 visit mutually carries us back to the occasion of a former visit of Tennesseans to 
 the Crescent City — not that there is any similarity in the circumstance or occasion 
 of the two visits. 
 
 We come, in an era of peace and prosperity, to witness the fruits of the labors 
 of a prosperous and progressive people ; we come to enjoy your hospitality, and to 
 share with you the joy naturally growing out of a period of peace with each other 
 and the rest of mankind; we come under the genial rays of the sun of peace and 
 brotherly love 
 
 But when the immortalJackson and Carroll and Coffey, witbtheir few thousand of 
 ragged Tennesseans, came, about seventy-one years ago, there was a dark cloud hov- 
 ering over our land, threatening to settle down upon the city of New Orleans and 
 envelop it in thick darkness. The British Lion was roaring at our door, there was a 
 general feeling of insecurity, growing out of a profound consciousness of our 
 weakness, contrasted with the grand display of the enemy. Anxiety was depicted 
 on every countenance. There was a lack of unity of purpose and concert of 
 action on the part of the citizens. 
 
 The Governor and the Legislature were not on the best of terms. Confusion, 
 dread and uncertainty were visible everywhere. To harmonize the discordant el- 
 
(20) 
 
 ements, and bring order out of chaos, was the first aim of the commander-in-chiefj. 
 Old Hickory, of Tennessee. This done, he was overjoyOHS to give the enemy U' 
 hearty welcome. 
 
 The opportunity was not long delayed. The memorable Eighth of Januarj' 
 came, the day which was to decide the destiny of the American people. The 
 British army, under the gallant Pakenhara, conscious of their superior numbesr 
 and discipline, came forth at the dawn of day to take possession of the cit3-. Iti 
 the short space of twenty-five minutes they were routed, leaving 700 killed, 1,400 
 wounded and 500 prisoners. 
 
 'Twas then that the daring Pakenham fell at the head of his columns; also 
 Gibbs and Dale and Wilkinson, and many other brave soldiers. 'Twas there that 
 Tennessee, through her representatives in battle, immortalized herself and became 
 indissolubly connected in history with New Orleans. 
 
 And to-day the mention of Jackson and New Orleans causes the patriotic heart 
 of the Volunteer State to beat with renewed energy, sending a thrill of joy and 
 pride throughout her borders, from the great river of the ^West to the blue moun- 
 tains of the East. 
 
 And now, ladies, a word to you, and I am done. In that trying hour the women 
 of New Orleans, true to woman's mission, faltered not in their devotion to their 
 country's cause. Recognizing her true position, that it is not hers to lead mighty 
 armies to battle or fleets to victory, she remained at home, commander-in-chief of 
 the infantry corps, thus furnishing one memorable example in our country's his- 
 tory of the benefits of protection to our infant industry. The home is her throne. 
 'Tis there she reigns in the heart of man. And there is her place, as the immortal 
 Meigs has said, except when, like the Star of Day, she deigns to issue forth to ex- 
 hibit to the world her beauty and her grace and shed her smiles on all who are found 
 worthy to receive so rich. a boon, and then return to her home, and the sweet 
 memory of her presence is like the gentle halo that lingers long behind a bright 
 departed day. 
 
 Jlr. Dulaney was followed by the 
 
 HON. W. W. WADE, 
 
 who spoke substantially as follows: 
 
 When I stand here -looking about on this marvelous collection of the resources 
 of a wonderful country, when I see these treasures formed by labor of hand and 
 brain, I feel proud of my country. I feel that America in her infancy stands out 
 with more grandeur than do the nations of the Old World in what should be their 
 maturity of old age. Our common country has given birth to men of spirit untir- 
 ing' energy and zeal, and it is before these men that the wilderness has opened up 
 and the deserts have blossomed like gardens. When I pass through the great 
 building which epitomizes the resources of the world, when I enter this bulldini' 
 which holds the wealth of a nation, and when finally I stand in this space devoted 
 to the exhibition of the resources of our own chosen State, my heart swells with 
 pride as I remember that I am a Tenpessean. And who could feel othf-rwise than 
 
(-21) 
 
 proud when looking around this collection of agricultural and mineral wealth, un- 
 
 •excelled by any country in the world ? After having carefully examined the ex- 
 hibit of our State, and after having made a thorough comparison of it with other 
 
 ■exhibits in the building, I am convinced that in the bright galaxj' of States here 
 assembled that Tennessee shines second to none. Of the resources of the State 
 we can say that they are as inexhaustible as they are varied. But what shall 
 I say of her people? They are part and parcel of this great Republic, and to 
 
 tell their history would be to recount the stirring history of our Nation. 
 
 I remember another occasion upon which a party of Tennesseans came to New 
 Orleans and were accorded a hearty welcome, and I reflect that then, as al- 
 ways, Tennesseans were on the side of right, liberty and victory. But, in addition 
 to their other qualities, Tennesseans are most hospitable, and I take this opportu- 
 nity to invite all to come within her boundaries to share her benefits and to help 
 to develop her resources, and to become Tennesseans with us. And now I thank 
 the people of New Orleans and the managers of this Exposition for the welcome 
 and the many courtesies extended to us. 
 
 At the conclusion of Mr. Wade's speech, Commissioner McWhirter requested 
 the audience to proceed to the Department of Women's Work of Tennessee, which 
 having been reached, 
 
 UON. J. M. YOUNG, 
 
 •of Tipton, who prefaced his remarks by stating that he felt a slight diffidence in ad- 
 dressing the audience, which diffidence had not been allayed by a conversation he 
 had just had with a lady, who, on being told that there would be speaking, remarked ; 
 "Oh, I hope it will be cut short, and not continue as long as it did down stairs." 
 Notwithstanding this, however, Mr. Young was "proud to be called upon to speak 
 in the Woman's Department, for whatever undertaking man may assume, it loses 
 its charm unless woman lends her aid, and changes gloom and dullness to beauty 
 and light. In this Exposition," said Mr. Young, "woman has made one of the 
 most remarkable displays the world has ever seen, and in making this displaj' the 
 Tennessee women have done their share. Seventy years ago an invading foe was 
 •on our coasts, and marching for New Orleans, with the cry of 'Beauty and Booty' 
 upon their lips. Then,, as now, the South was famed for the beauty of its women 
 and the chivalry of its men, and the chivalry of Tennessee rallied to the rescue 
 and drove back the invader. That same chivalry exists among the man of the 
 South now, and will ever rally to the defense of the women of the land." 
 
 From the Woman's Department the party proceeded to the exhibit of Tennessee 
 in the Colored Department, where they were most eloquently addressed by the 
 
 HON. S. A. M'eLWEE, 
 
 who spoke substantially as follows : 
 
 There have been great changes wrought in the last century. Inventions and 
 discoveries have multiplied to a most remarkable degree. Wonderful as these in- 
 ventions and discoveries may seem, nothing so amazes the world as the unparal- 
 
(22) 
 
 leled progress made by the Negro race. Twenty years ago bound in chains, to-day 
 finds the race represented in the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial by a 
 department which compares favorablj' with any other in that grand aggregation 
 of exhibits. Six months ago the press of the country, in discussing the Exposi- 
 tion, said that this department would have in it more of interest to thinking men 
 than would any other. This exhibit must have a great and noble effect upon the 
 world. 
 
 We are here to-day, although only twenty years old, to compare the fruits of 
 our labor and inventive skill with those of races who count their ages by centuries. 
 No one with broad and liberal views can fail to note the skill and energy shown by 
 this race, and, noting that energy, all will desire to aid them in their struggle for 
 advancement. I would not be true to Tennessee if I closed my remarks without 
 referring to that great and true hero of Tennessee, Andrew Jackson — "Old Hick- 
 ory." His is a name dear to all citizens of his State, as of the Nation. He has 
 won a fame that will ever shine as a gem in the crown of our country when you 
 and I shall fill unknown graves. 
 
 At the conclusion of this address the company left the Colored Department, 
 and, on arriving at the Educational Department of the State, the party was ad- 
 dressed bj' the 
 
 HOX. D. L. JIURRELL, 
 
 of Jackson, Tenn. Mr. Murrill expressed his gratitude and thanks to the man- 
 agement of the Exposition for having afforded this opportunity for a comprehen- 
 sive display of education, the motive power of all progress and all cenius. Of 
 Tennessee's educational facilities the speaker spoke with pride, and of those facil- 
 ities the exhibit made is an epitome. As a representative of the State of Tennes- 
 see, he called upon all to come to Tennessee — to share her wealth, and to gain for 
 their sons and daughters the privilege of benefitting by her admirable system of 
 education. "Let us always, as now, take part in every movement of progress, 
 and, above all, let us expend our time, our force and our money in forwarding the 
 mighty work of education. Let us remember that in books lies the soul of dead 
 time. All that men have done, have thought, have been, is embodied in their books. 
 
 "And now," continued the speaker, 'I ask you in the name of the day we are 
 celebrating, and in the name of the hero whose natal day it is, to bow and thank 
 God that He has granted to Tennessee, as to the Nation, the ability to give her 
 children the education that fits thera for useful citizens." 
 
 With the visit to the Educational Department ended the tour of inspection of 
 the exhibits of Tennessee, and the visitors, with one accord, voiced only com- 
 mendation and praise. 
 
 At the conclusion of the ceremonies in the various exhibits of Tennessee in the 
 Government Building the party proceeded in procession to the 
 
 MUSIC HALL 
 
 of the Main Building, where a large audience were assembled. The members of 
 the Legislature and other distinguished guests were escorted to the platform and 
 
(2:j) 
 
 the audience seated in the great auditorium. After a few momenls the Mexican 
 Band entered, marching down the central aisle to the martial strains of a national 
 march. After one or two selections hy the band, which were loudly cheered, the 
 Rev. Dr. Markham, of this citj', delivered a prayer. He was followed by 
 
 HON. H. B. LUCAS, 
 
 of Louisiana, who spoke as follows: 
 
 I feel a naUifal timidity in addressing this huge audience. No one can make 
 himself heard in this huge hall, and in addition to this is the fact that you are 
 here to see, not to listen. The Commissioners and the exhibitors are the true 
 teachers here. The whole Exposition is a great object lesson, and I say to you : 
 See it, examine it, inspect it with care, for it is the grandest, as it is the last 
 World's Exposition. It is my happy province to bid you welcome here, and I re- 
 member that there was a time when Tennesseans weie most truly welcomed here, 
 and I can do no better than to reiterate the welcome earned by them that day. 
 
 Mr. Lucas was followed by the Hon. M. T. Bryan, who delivered the following 
 eloquent address, which was roundly applauded by the audience: 
 
 HOlf. M. T, BKTAX, 
 
 of Tennessee, responded. He said: 
 
 The Tennessean who could stand in this mighty presence unmoved to-day would 
 not have any genuine Tennessee blood in his veins. I have never yielded in my 
 love for my State to any one. I have ever been proud of it, and that pride has 
 been augmented a, hundred fold to-da}', when I see not only Louisiana, but the 
 whole world, doing honor to that great Tennessean, the immortal Jackson, [Ap- 
 plause.] Tennessee and Louisiana — grand and noble States! Two Southern 
 sisters in the galaxy of States that compose this great Union! Where will you 
 find two greater or more beautiful States than Tennessee and Louisiana? 
 
 Away back in the yeai-s that have fled Tennessee and Louisiana became ac- 
 quainted through the experience of frontier life, and a friendship sprang up from 
 that experience that ripened into a love, that was welded together and irrevocably 
 sealed by victor3', won under a Tennessean, here in the city of New Orleans on 
 Jan. 8, 1815. The welcome that you have extended to us here to-day has filled us 
 with delight; and although we have been taught from our infancy that Louisiana 
 was closely related to Tennessee, and although we have been taught 1o love and 
 honor and respect this great State, j'et when we go back to our people and tell them 
 of the honor you have done us, from one end of the State to another, you will hear 
 one immense enthusiastic plaudit. [Applause.] 
 
 Louisiana has proved herself still a true sister of Tennessee; but, ladies and 
 gentlemen, that is of the past. This great Exposition speaks more eloquently 
 than I can possibly do of what Tennessee has done, and of whatTennessee is doing, 
 as well as of what Louisiana has done and is doing. And Louisiana, if she takes 
 advantage of her splendid geographical situation, must needs have a great future. 
 
(24) 
 
 New Orleans is the natural gateway of the commerce of the entire Mississippi 
 Valley, aad of Mexico and the South American Republics; and, in addition to 
 that, it is the entrepot proper of immigration lo all these glorious Southlards. If 
 all these things are taken advantage of Louisiana will speedily become an im- 
 porium in imperio. And Tennessee is not idle, either. She has directed her at- 
 tention to the development of her great material resources. She is marching on 
 with the other States that compose the New South; and the New South, with us, 
 means enterprise, industry, love for the Nation, love for the State, love for the ma- 
 terial prosperity of all classes of the whole country. [Applause ] xj^-p 
 
 And now, much as Tennessee is doing in this race of progress and development, 
 yet the maitial spirit that fired the heart of Jackson is not dead. Let our 
 Nation's flag be insulted, let but the call to arms resound throughout the land and 
 her sons would win for her once again the proud appellation of the Volunteer State. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 To me has been assigned the pleasing duty of acknowledging the courtesy ex- 
 tended to the Tennessee Legislature, and to all Tennessee people here to-day, and 
 it is with the profoundest sensibility and appreciation of the courtesies and kind- 
 ness shown us that we are here to-day, and that I now beg to make acknowledg- 
 ment of the same. 
 
 We appreciate this kindness, and we extend a like cordial invitation to you all 
 to visit one of the proudest and best States in the Union — Tennessee. [Applause.] 
 
 And let me say again, that while I trust we shall have peace always, yet should 
 war come, and should Louisiana need the aid of Tennessee, she will always find 
 our people ready to come to their rescue. More than that, she will not only fur- 
 nish soldiers, but another Jackson to beat back the foe and defend the Nation's flag 
 against the combined vorld. [Applause.] 
 
 Time does not permit me to speak of what I have seen here at this Exposition. 
 The immensltj' of it is too much. I cannot even give a cursory glance at it. I 
 will leave it all to others. I thank you cordially for the kind attention 3-ou have 
 given me in this vast auditorium, and gentlemen of the Committee of Arrange- 
 ments, and all of you who have contributed to give us this grand reception, accept 
 the thanks of the Tennessee Legislature, and of the Tennessee people, for the 
 courtesy and the honor j'ou have done to our great soldier and statesman — An- 
 drew Jackson. [Applause.] 
 
 At the conclusion of Mr. Bryan's remarks the Mexican Band played a beautiful 
 and characteristic melody, which was received with riotous applause, which called 
 forth an encore. Following this was the speech of 
 
 COMMISSIONER A. J. m'wHIRTER, 
 
 of Tennessee, transferring the exhibit to the Board of Management in the follow- 
 ing words: 
 
 Commissi oner- General Morehead — It is with peculiar pleasure, and with par- 
 donable pride, that I welcome this day. That the Old Volunteer State should 
 
(25) 
 
 liave her daj' during this, the greatest of all civilizing assemblies, is of course ex- 
 pected. But I am filled with a flow of enthusiasm, when, as her representative 
 upon this occasion, I can point you to her splendid display of industry, agricul- 
 ture, art and education, and records of tender and glorious memory, and say with 
 Sir Christopher Wren, as he looked on his matchless Westminster, "Si qvosris mon- 
 umentumcircumspia." Situated as she is, in almost the geographical center of 
 this great Union, Tennessee has been ever the pivot of power in peace and in war. 
 Her soil has been wet with the blood of patriots, and her fertile fields and valleys 
 have been enriched by their crumbling bones. The halls of our National Capitol 
 have ever reverberated with the eloquence of her statesmen, and three times in 
 the history of our Nation has a son of Tennessee guided the ship of State grandl3' 
 through the storms of political life, and if the shades of the intrepid Jackson, the 
 thoughtful Polk, and that great commoner, Andrew Johnson, can leave their spirit 
 home, I am sure they are hovering with exalted delight over this scene to-day. 
 No State ever gave to civilization three grander characters than these, and in 
 yonder hall hang portraits of others still, whose voices have sounded in trumpet 
 tones the principles of liberty and the glory of republican government, and they 
 speak to our hearts to-day the grandeur of our historj' and the glorious promise of 
 our future as a factor in this mighty Union. You will behold on the space allotted 
 to Tennessee coal and iron ore from more than fifty banks of exhaustless resource, 
 minerals of almost every character, countless shades of matchless marble, cereals 
 and ijrasses of wondrous worth, vegetables and fruits, tobacco and timber of every 
 variety and value; in short, every thing that can insure the agricultural and indus- 
 trial wealth of a country and a people. Our educational exhibit shows you that 
 Tennessee is striking ^art passu with the onward march of intellect, and that cul- 
 ture, moral, mental and social, is the foundation of her wondrous superstructure. 
 Nor are the finer sentiments of life forgotten in our own beloved State. You 
 will behold there the handiwork of her lovely women; there you will find beauti- 
 ful designs and artistic weavings and useful fabrics from their fair hands. God 
 bless the women of Tennessee who have nursed an army of patriots, and have 
 reared a race of yeoman, brave, cultured and refined in all the works of social and 
 political life ! 
 
 What we have here done to proclaim our resources to this great conclave of the 
 -world's Irevicum is but a feeble adumbration of our industrial, agricultural, social 
 and political future. 
 
 Sir, it is my very pleasing duty, here in the presence of the legislative wisdom 
 of vay State, to transfer, through j-ou, the exhibit of my State, Tennessee, to the 
 management of the World's Indu&tr al and Cotton Centennial Exposition of New 
 Orleans, La. 
 
 I enjoy the greater pleasure in turning it over through you, sir, because my peo- 
 ple recognize in you personally the brain and the patriotism which inaugurated 
 and projected this open sesame to Southern development. 
 
 The exhibit was received on the part of the management by 
 
 COM.MISSIONER-GENERAI. MOREHEAD, 
 
 ■who said: 
 
 It was not necessary that 1 should be born in Kentucky and adopt Mississippi 
 
(26) 
 
 as my hom.e that I should feel near to all Tennesseans. I have known them long, 
 and they have been dear to me. It is with great pleasure that I meet here so 
 many representatives of the State, and I believe that they will derive great profit 
 from it, not only from the benefit they will derive from seeing the varied collec- 
 tions shown in the Exposition, but profit derived from the examination of the ex- 
 hibit made by you, Mr. Commissioner, that they may appreciate the grandeur of 
 their State, and see how well the monej's appropriated by them for the Exposition 
 have been expended by you. I have long known the Commissioner for this State, 
 and take pleasure in saying that bis success in making the exhibit here is the 
 greatest that could be attained. Mr. Commissioner, it is with great pleasure and 
 many thanks that I receive your exhibit. 
 
 After Mr. !Morehead's address the band struck up the stirring strains of "Dixie," 
 which elicited applause and shouts from the audience. This was followed by 
 "Yankee Doodle," when the din became deafening. 
 
 ANDEEW JACKSOX. 
 
 THE LIFE AND PUBLIC SERVICES OE THE GREAT TENNESSEE 
 STATESMAN. 
 
 ORATION BT CAPT. THOMAS L. DODD, OF NASHVILLE. 
 
 A century and a decade ago, in an humble log cabin, in the ever-glorious county 
 of Mecklenburg, N. C, which first promulgated the Declaration of Independence, 
 which was the precurser of that grandest declaration ever made by the pen of man, 
 or nation of earth — our immortal Declaration of American Independence — a babe 
 was born. His heritage was poverty and orphanage ; his ancestry obscure, un- 
 known to fame. The political star of Bethlehem shed its rays on that humble spot 
 where first opened the eyes of that immortal being to gaze out on an amphitheater 
 which, in after years, he was destined to tread with kingly power, the cynosure of 
 the eyes of the civilized world. 
 
 To-day, in the spot where his martial prowess, more than half a century ago, 
 won the glittering coronet of a peerless fame, in a contest with the flower of Euro- 
 pean soldiery, this vast concourse, composed of almost every nation of earth, are 
 assembled to pay homage to this great civic and military hero — Andrew Jackson. 
 Had his birth occurred in the Emerald Isle, the land of his parents' nativity, the 
 vista of fame as a civic hero would, in this country, have been closed to his view, 
 because of ineligibility under our Constitution to ihe high ofiice of Chief Execu- 
 
{■-') 
 
 tive of this Nation; and had not his parents emigrated to this land of freedom, 
 tliis great luminary might have been forever obscured under the cloud of British 
 oppression. 
 
 Andrew Jackson's youth was a severe ordeal. The ties that bound him to life 
 he saw rudely sundered His father had gone to his bourne before his birth. His 
 two brothers the Revolutionary War tore from his side. His widowed mother fell 
 a martyr in her endeavor to succor her countrymen, who were imprisoned on Brit- 
 ish ships at Charleston, among whom had broken out a pestilence. Leaving at 
 home her son Andrew, then suffering from disease,„Mrs. Jackson and two ladies of 
 the neighborhood, with hearts inspired by patriotic impukses, braved the terrors of 
 the wilderness, traveling 160 miles to Charleston, to encounter and battle with the 
 dread pestilence. Imbued with the lofty Christian spirit of duty, and in obedience 
 to the dictate of patriotism, she heroically met her death aboard the man-of-war. 
 If the spirit of Andrew Jackson takes cognizance of the tribute this assembled 
 concourse pay to his memory to-day, no word that is uttered, or thought conceived, 
 will find more approbation than the homage I render in your behalf to this act of 
 heroism of a woman worthy to be the mother of this iron-willed man of destiny. 
 The warrior has the guerdon of fame to beckon him to martial deeds and death, if 
 comes, prepares a bed of glory. But the Micasia-like spirit of self-abnegation that 
 prompted those heroines of the revolution to traverse, without au escort, these 
 fields — their country then in a state of war — nay, more, to dare the presence of the 
 invaders and the dread disease, ship fever, with no other motive than the prompt- 
 ings of Christian duty and love of country, was a lofty act of moral heroism that 
 embalms the martyr in the Nation's heart forever. 
 
 In other countries birth and ancestry, in the main, constitute the royal road to 
 civic fame. Here there is no patent of nobility or royalty, except the seal the 
 God of nature has set in man. 
 
 And the annointing hand which crowns the ruler and proclaims his title to more 
 than kingly honors is that of the sovereign people; and with that free people the 
 greatness of that ancestral line or royalty of birth avail not,, but alone the great 
 cardinal points of nature's noblemen — royalty of heart and mind. 
 
 It is well for history and for humanity that the destiny of Andrew Jackson was 
 oast in this country of freedom, where the highway to fame is open to all, and 
 every man is the architect of his own fortune. The history of Andrew Jackson is 
 known to men. In commemorating his birthday under the auspices of this, the 
 grandest of Expositions ever had on this side of the Atlantic, I shall necessarily 
 be brief, only making reference to the salient points of his character and history. 
 
 The distinguished honor has been conferred of selecting me from the Hermitage 
 Congressional District of Tennessee to deliver the address on this occasion, here 
 in the Queen City of my beloved Southland, commemorating the birthday of our 
 almoi-t idolized hero, and it is natural I should speak of him as a Tennessean, but 
 his name, his fame, his great deeds belong to the American nation, for that which 
 Washington won Jackson preserved — the liberties of the American people. 
 
 Without father, mother, or brothers, or influential friend, Andrew Jackson, at 
 the age of fifteen, stood penniless in the land of his parents' adoption. He had to 
 
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 pass the strai;sile of life with onl.y rude eqaipments for battle. In a distant State 
 there was another youth, hin junior, that as the poor mill bo}' of the slashes joined 
 in the battle of life with rude equipments. They lived in a country where the 
 crown is won, not inherited. In after years they were rivals, and the name and 
 fame now of . ach is enshrined in the pantheon of American glory. Their names 
 were not born to die. The immortal Jackson and Clay. 
 
 With a mother endowed by nature's rich gifts, lofty courage and devotion to 
 country, with his immediate countrymen of Mecklenburg echoing, when he was a 
 mere lad of eight years, their love of liberty and defiance of British tyranny, 
 Jackson drew, as his first libation, a love of liberty; the very atmosphere in which 
 he moved was that of freedom, and his love of country was sealed with the blood 
 of his brothers and the martyrdom of bis mother. From thenceforward in life the 
 voice of his country was to him as the voice of God. He had, although a mere 
 boy, buckled on his armor and struck a blow for American independence against 
 the Britons. When the war closed he devoted himself to a study of the law. 
 After he had prepared himself for the practice of his profession, he braved the 
 perils of the wilderness and the roving bands of Indians that were a standing 
 menace to civilization, by accompanying a few persons to his future home, now 
 Nashville, Tenn., then a portion of North Carolina. Here he devoted himself 
 assiduously to his profession, and as prosecuting attorney he immediately improved 
 himself in that community. He was a born leader and commander of men. He 
 at once assumed his station in every important matter that arose. In about eight 
 or ten years after his settlement there, a convention was held at Knoxville to 
 frame a Constitution for Tennessee, giving to her admission to the Union. Jack- 
 son was a delegate. Two delegates were selected from each county to draft the 
 Constitution. Jackson was selected from Davidson. Tennessee was admitted to 
 the Union, and allowed one member of Congress. Andrew Jackson was elected 
 Congressman. He discharged the duties ot the position with his accustomed 
 ability, fidelity, and displayed his bold, independent spirit in his speech and vote 
 on the resolution in regard to the administration of Gen. Washington. Before his 
 Congressional term expired he was appointed Senator of the United States. 
 
 This appointment was before he was thirty years of age. In a few months he 
 resigned his Senatorship. Shortly thereafter he was elected by the General As- 
 sembly of Tennessee one of the Supreme Judges of the State, in which capacity 
 he served for several years. Though a very young man. after mingling with the 
 people for ten years he was, as we have seen, accorded with great unanimity the 
 distinguished position of delegate to Tennessee's Constitutional Convention, and 
 appointed one of the number to draft a Constitution, a high and delicate trust, re- 
 quiring wisdom and knowledge of law; then as their sole representative in Con- 
 gress, then as a United States Senator, and after his resignation promoted to a seat 
 on the Supreme Bench. Considering the many able public men of Tennessee at 
 that day, it was a marked and high testimonial of his worth and ability to have 
 successively filled these high stations. Gen. Jackson, after the termination of his 
 services on the Supreme Bench, averred his intention to retire to private life, 
 though he was comparatively a j-oung man at that period. 
 
 In June, 1812, the Government declared war against Great Britain. Gen. Jack- 
 son was Major-General of militia. He tendered his services, with 2,500 men, to 
 
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 the Government. His perviccs having been accepted, Gov. Blount, of Tenne.=see, 
 was requested to reinforce Gen. Wilkinson, at New Orleans, with 1,500 n.en. At 
 the head of 2,510 Tennesseans, Jackson started on this mission. He issu' d stir- 
 ring Napoleonic addresses to his soldiers, which, aside from mere literary imper- 
 fections, will compare favorably with those issued by any warrior in ancient or 
 modern times. After Hull's surrender the Government issued orders for Jack- 
 son's troops then at Natchez, to be disbanded. There was Jackson, with his 2,500 
 Teunesseans, 500 miles from their homes, with no transportation for the sick and 
 no pay for the men. To disband was to obey orders, to refuse to do so and keep 
 faith with his men was tl»e dictate of reason, justice and humanity, though it won 
 the technical appearance of insubordination. Hence justice, always the polar star 
 of Jackson, demanded he should not perpetrate a gross fraud on his followers. Im- 
 mediately he determined to disobey, assume the consequences and incur the per- 
 sonal risk of bearing individually the expense incident in marching his troops 
 back to Tennessee. 
 
 Thus, at the risk of being held for insubordination, and of having his private 
 fortune wrecked, Jackson dared to do right. His conduct met the approbation of 
 the Government, and his drafts were honored. 
 
 Shortly afterward, Tecumseh, the Indian incarnation of war and massacre, in- 
 cited and led on the Indian hosts to murder and rapine in the States adjoining 
 Tennessee, striking terror to the hearts of the defenseless settlers and their fami- 
 lies. 
 
 It was the function of the Federal Government alone to declare war. Tennes- 
 see was far from the seat of Government, and to await the great delay at that time 
 Incident to communicating with Washington was to invite general massacre. 
 
 Jackson, at the call of his countrymen, arose from his couch of pain, and, with 
 his arm pinioned to his side from the wound inflicted by the Bentons in that mem- 
 orable affray, led his countrymen against the great Creek warriors. 
 
 The various successful battles won, together with his brilliant victory at Talla- 
 degaj are familiar to you. But the failure of the State Government to furnish 
 supplies compelled Gen. Jackson to fall back to Port Strother. Here general star- 
 vation seemed about to take command. The terms of enlistment of many of the 
 soldiers were expiring; want and hunger bid them return. This Jackson saw was. 
 destructive, and sought to prevent it. Mutiny of the troops was threatening. 
 Jackson's calls on the Governor were unheeded for want of authority to make 
 levies for troops and furnish supplies. The Governor of Tennessee favored wait- 
 ing governmental action. To wait was ruin ; to permit any considerable portion 
 of the command to disband was destruction ; to remain without supplies and rein- 
 forcements was hazardous. It was a fearful hour. It awoke all of the great sol- 
 dier qualities of the lion-hearted Jackson. If in the hour of supreme peril the 
 illustrious Christian warrior, Stonewall Jackson, stood like a " stone wall," it was 
 that his virtues composed the wall standing with him. Andrew Jackson towered 
 in the presence of the terrible peril that environed him like a god of war. In his 
 brain, in his iron nerve, were concentrated the terrible will and nerve of an army. 
 Single-hnnded he throttled the threatened mutiny by throwing himself, pistol in 
 hand, in front of the disaffected, who were marching away, and by force of that 
 
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 mighty and impeiious will alone he coerced obedience and restored subordination. 
 His letter to Gov Blount itself would support his fame as a great man. It moved 
 the Governor, it moved Tennessee, to disregard the question o*' Federal authorit3'. 
 Supplies and troops were forwarded. He led his troops to au overwhelming victor}' 
 at Horse-shoe, and the power of the great and war-like Creeks was forever broken. 
 Weatherford was their chief — a man gigantic In stature, of superior Intellect, and 
 in a high decree possessed of the warrior-skill of the famous Tecumseh, under 
 whose eloquent appeals he and his tribe had taken up arms. Weatherford, dis- 
 daining to seek safety in flight and leave his wounded and helpless old men and 
 women, with his accustomed daring, mounted his steed and pressed forward to 
 Gen. Jackson's camp, to the very headquarters of Jackson. Accused, unjustly, of 
 the Fort llims' mas.sacre, he knew his life was forfeited if he surrendered to an}-, 
 save Jackson, in person. He succeeded in his bold mission, but hi.s life was being 
 threatened in his endeavors to gain audience with Gen. Jackson, who, hearing the 
 altercation, imperiously forbade his being harmed, saying, "anj' man who would 
 kill as brave a man as this should die himself" After hearing Gen. Jackson's 
 terms of surrender, this great and gifted chief, majestically rising to his full height, 
 his keen black eyes looking into those of the grand old chieftain, with a pathos 
 and eloquence unequaled b}- any other Indian orator, accepted the generous terms 
 imposed by the conqueror. This speech Is contained in Judge Jo. C. Guild's " Old 
 Times in Tennessee " 
 
 Major-Gen. W. H. Harrison having resigned his position in the army, in defer- 
 ence to the expressed will of the people, President Madison appointed Gen. Jack- 
 son Major-General of the United States Army, and assigned him to the command 
 of the Southern and \Vesteru Division. A great crisis was at hand; our young 
 Republic was in imminent peril. The Federal Treasurj' was empty, depleted bj- 
 a two years' war, and governmental credit was insufficient to borrow money to 
 prosecute it in a proper scale; and to increase alarm, England had, by the over- 
 throw of Napoleon, ended her war with France. The vast resources of Great 
 Britain, its trained legions of soldiers, with whose fame and courage the world was 
 familiar, and its ships, whose sails whitened every ocean — all this was now to be 
 arrayed against our Government. A large British army arrived in Chesapeake 
 Bay August, 1814, and Washington was eaijtured and reduced to a heap of ruins. 
 The Government was In no condition to defend a coast of over 1,000 miles in 
 extent. The Gulf States seemed destined to be overrun by the British, the mouth 
 of the Mississippi to be occupied, New Orleans to be cajitured, and the work of 
 conquest to be extended up the Mississippi and its tributaries. It was. Indeed, a 
 fearful time. The cheek of Liberty blanched, and the friends of Freedom stood 
 aghast. The fetters forged for America by a tyrant power that Washington's 
 sword had broken, seemed about to manacle us. Saul-like, Jackson towered as a 
 warrior a head and shoulders above any man of his time. 
 
 This great soldier arose to the majesty of the occasion. With a royal presence, 
 unequalled by any emperor or king, and with an eagle's eye that never quailed in 
 mortal presence, this great captain marched to the scene of action, and his eloquent 
 appeals called for volunteers from Louisiana. Mississippi and Tennessee, and with 
 brave words of cheer he animated those he met with his own daring spirit. He 
 assu-ned absolute authority and declared martial law. Thus he restored confi- 
 
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 deuce, and infused courage among the people. The histoiy of the attack on New 
 Orleans, and its ma-iterly defense, is familiar to all The contest was unequal. 
 The British were t^reatly superior in numbers. 
 
 They were the flower of the British army and veterans, on whose banners vic- 
 tory had alwaj's perched. Their officers were skilled, and ranked with the highest. 
 
 Jackson's troops were inexperienced volunteers and bore inferior arms. But 
 they fought in Freedom's cause, for their homes and the honor of their mothers and 
 wives. The infamous war-cry of the Briton, "Beautj' and booty," inspired their 
 hearts to deeds of valor. And they followed the fortunes of a Ciesar. Jackson, 
 with hi.s raw militia, defeated the best-trained veterans of Europe, and humbled 
 England in the dust. 
 
 The victorj- was brilliant and decisive, and was great in its results, and in the 
 halo of glory with which it encircled the heroes of New Orleans and illustrated 
 American valor. There have been many battles where great ministry was involved, 
 but no battle has been fought where more depended on the result. For where will 
 you find true military skill of a higher type than that displayed by Jackson in de- 
 fense of New Orleans? That battle alone is sufBoient to rank Gen. Jackson among 
 the greatest soldiers of ancient or modern times. His name was that day indel- 
 ibly engraved on the heart and memor.y of his American nation, 
 
 "Nor shall his name be forgot, 
 While fame her record keeps. 
 Or honor points the hallowed spot 
 Where valor proudly sleeps." 
 
 A totally incorrect idea of Gen. Jackson is current in some quarters where he 
 was least known, due to wounds inflicted by the arrows of detraction that wtre 
 sped from many a partisan son in the great Presidential contests iietween the 
 Great Commoner, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson. Nor were wounds alone af- 
 flicted on Jackson. Partisan rancour was so venomous that even the reputation 
 of the pure and virtuous mother and wife of Jackson were wickedly and cruellj' 
 assailed. On the other hand, slanders were heaped on the head of his distin- 
 guished rival. The awards of posterity are just. The great, gifted, eloquent 
 Harry of the Fort was like Gen. Jackson, one of the bravest and noblest of 
 men, and each, Curtius-like, ever ready to sacrifice life itself for the weal 
 of the great Commonwealth. And to-day, with hearts of love, the entire 
 Nation stands ready to pay the grand honors to the memory of these heroic char- 
 acters that have shed so much luster and glory on the name of America. The 
 heroic Marshal Murat's devotion to France was almost idolatry. Yet, in the lan- 
 guage of Col. Napln, "He who fought an hundred battles for Prance, not one 
 against her, was shot as a traitor by his own countrymen." To-day could France 
 recall to her shores that noble spirit the chivalry of France would garland him 
 with immortelles. The same spirit characterizes the American people with refer- 
 ence to those great heroic characters. Clay and Jackson, so long arra3'ed in life in 
 Titanic strife. 
 
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 And yet Jackson's character In that era of misrepresentation was painted as 
 onlj' that of a military hero, a rough, unlettered, uncouth backwoodsman. I quote 
 from Col. Balie Peyton, a, stalwart Whig and warm, personal and p>litical friend 
 of Mr Clay, a, gentleman distinguished for his culture, rendition and oratory, the 
 peer of all the distinguished compeers of his day. He knew intimately Mr. Jack- 
 son, and his language is quoted with approbation by Judge Guild in "Old Times 
 in Tennessee," the author having been intimately acquainted with Gen. Jackson, 
 and who entertained the most exalted estimate of the character and worth of Gen. 
 Jackson as the greatest man of the Union. Says Col. Balie Peyton; "He was the 
 most fluent, impressive, eloquent conversationalist I ever met, and in any com- 
 pany took the lead in conversation, and nobody ever seemed to talk where he was, 
 He was a man of royal" mien and bore himself with courtly grace." No gentle- 
 man of his day bore himself more like a gallant knight than Andrew Jackson. 
 When Lafayette was his guest at the Hermitage, nearly all Tennessee gatheied at 
 the Capitol to pay homage to that distinguished Frenchman and love«- ot llbertj'. 
 Jackson, as I have heard Judge Guild remark, as he strode, every inch a king, in 
 front of that audience, was the grand martial figure of the day and the cynosure 
 of all eyes, and by his courtly grace was the theme of every tongue. Said Col. J. 
 George Harris, of the United States Army, in July, 1845 (an intimate friend of 
 Jackson and yet residing at Nashville, one of the best preserved men of his age, 
 physically and mentally, I ever met) : "We rarely see a happier combination of 
 all the virtues which belong to man than the character of Jackson exhibited, and 
 wh(-n the faithful historic pen shall institute its comparisons between 'him and the 
 celebrated heroes and statesmen of antiquity, * * * we shall need no lofty 
 pillows of Tragau, no sculptured arches, no massive columns of Napoleon to com- 
 memorate his deeds of glo.y, for they will be enshrined in our hearts and trans- 
 mitted to the latest generation of our prosterity.' " 
 
 Said Col. Balie Peyton of him, a^ quoted and approbated by Judge Guild's work, 
 " No man could have been more perfectly enraptured with the manliest of sports, 
 or with the high-mettled racers, than the hero of the Hermitage. He was a man of 
 energy, courage, sound judgment, great prudence, and unconquerable will. He 
 rarely espoused the wrong, and never quailed before the most imminent and peril- 
 ous dangers in defense of the right. The secret of his life was the magnetism by 
 which he attracted and held every one he came in contact with. He spoke only 
 to be believed, for his friends knew him to be ever sincere, and that his judgment 
 was rarely at fault. Therefore, they invariably believed that Gen. Jackson was 
 right, for he inspired all with an implicit faith in the purity and justice of what- 
 ever he advocated. There were hundreds and thousands who would have gone 
 willingly to martyrdom in his defense. His position, character and natural aver- 
 sion to a mere politic course pursued so universally to settle disputes ani diflFer- 
 ences of opin'on, made his enemies numerous and very bitter. He preferred this 
 course to compromising truth with falsehood, as he unhesitatingly declared. He 
 never broke faith with friend or enemy, but with both alike his word was his bond. 
 Innately polite, of tall, commanding stature, with manners that would have graced 
 court circles in the most brilliant period, and a generous frankness in all of his 
 intercourses, he not only impressed all with whom he came in contact with his 
 own feelings and sentiments, but actually carried them in bonds to the fold of his 
 friendship. As a horseman, like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, he 
 
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 was bold in the field and the chase, and upon the turf was far more successful 
 than either. 
 
 Those I have quoted from were his neighbors, and their portraiture of the man 
 conforms to the general estimate of those who knew him best. The poet hath said: 
 
 "Distance lends enchantment to the view. 
 And robes the mountain in its azure hue." 
 
 The nearer the approach to .Jackson the more vivid appeared the excellent and 
 great traits of the man. As he impressed the world, so be impressed his imme- 
 diate neighbors. 
 
 lie had not the grace of elocution or rhetoric, nor the scholastic rendition of his 
 great compeers — Clay, Webster and Calhoun — but in a wider, more comprehensive 
 sense. He was not untaught. His was the eloquence of action. He had drank 
 deep at the Puritan spring with reference to a deep and thorough insight into the 
 nature and passions of man, and had an intuitive and seemingly thorough knowl- 
 edge of men and things. Whether seated as the ruler of the American Republic, 
 where he exercised almost a kingly power, or in the hour of supreme peril, con- 
 fronted and environed by dangers which would appall most men, like the gr'eat 
 ship that, tempest-tossed, bursts to the billowy side of the ocean and safely mounts 
 each successive mountain wave, so Jackson rose, superior to every emergency in 
 his tempestuoas life, wisely deciding the ends to be accomplished and judiciously 
 seeking the means for this accomplishment. 
 
 The attributes of one of the best^drawn characters of antiquity are peculiarly 
 ascribable to Andrew Jackson in all the relations of his remarkable life, as neigh- 
 bor, friend, husband, warrior, and who, in his domestic relations, in society, in the 
 tented field and in the councils of the Nation: "When the ear heard me then it 
 blessed me; and when the eye saw me it gave witness to me; because I delivered 
 the poor that cried, and the fatherless, and him that had none to help him. The 
 blessings of him that was ready to perish came upon me, and I caused the widow's 
 heart to sing for joy. I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame; I was 
 a father to the poor, and the cause which I knew not I searched out. And I brake 
 the jaws of the wicked, and plucked the spoil out of his teeth, unto me men gave 
 ear, and waited, and kept silence at my counsel. After my words they spake not 
 again." 
 
 And the universal acclaim of all who knew the bride of his youth, the compan- 
 ion of his age, to whom, like a gallant knight, Jackson's heart burned with almost 
 an Eastern idolatry, attest her purity, benevolence and high womanly virtues, and 
 beside whom, after life's fitful fever, the grand old hero sleeps in their beautiful 
 resting-place at the picturesque Hermitage, almost within sight of the metropolis 
 of their dearly beloved Tennessee. 
 
 A portion of Col. Harris' eulogy of Jackson Guild quotes: "After reference to 
 that part of the last testament in which his sword and trophies were given to his 
 friends Armstrong, Donalson, and others, with patriotic charges to the several re- 
 cipients, the orator says: ' How beautiful the injunctions which accompany the 
 bequests of the dying patriot. He had preserved his own sword pure and unsul- 
 3 noe 
 
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 lied; he had guarded the stainless emblems of a Nation's gratitude as a priceless 
 treasure; and when lie was aijproached by the great earthlj' conqueror of all man- 
 kind, he gracefulij' surrendered them into chosen hands, with a prayer and a com- 
 mand that they should never be dishonored.' '■- ■■■' ' There is not in our lan- 
 guage a more beautiful form of prayer and thanksgiving than is contained in a 
 portion of his couiii'iLtiiiatorj" and farewell address to his soldiers at New Orleans, 
 after the battle of the 8th, meekly gi%'ing all the glory of the victory to the God of 
 battles, in whom he had put his trust.' ■■' '" " 'The exalted sphere of the 
 ladies, which his heart appreciated, his hand was ever ready to acknowledge. He 
 succesfully threatened the recreant soldier with a fear of their frown as a prevent- 
 ive of desertion. He was accustomed to speak of them as 'last at the cross, first 
 at the sepulchre and foremost in the cause of justice and humanity.' Their de- 
 fense and protection was his watchword on the plains of Chalmette, and when, 
 after the lapse of a quarter of a century, he revisited those scenes of his earl3' 
 struggles for the last time, the charming daughters of the Sunny South, those 
 whom he had protected from the ruthless invader in their infant cradles, received 
 him on carpets of roses, and loaded his venerable brow with kisses of gratitude. 
 Chivalrous to the last, he makes them the umpire before whom A mtrican valor 
 shall become emulous upon the battle-field for the heir-looms of patrioti.sm." 
 
 Ossian's beautiful metaphor might well have been written of Jackson : "In 
 peace thou art the gale of spring, in war the mountain's storm." 
 
 The estimate of the character of Gen. Jackson, as given by his distinguished 
 neighbors and friends, who formed their opinions from associations with him, is 
 certainly accurate, for no men were more capable of judging than those quoted 
 from, and as to Judge Guild, who passed from earth on the anniversary of the bat- 
 tle of New Orleans, in 1883, his choice of all the days in the calendar on which to 
 surrender up his long and useful life, no man in the Union was his superior in 
 judging of his fellow-man. I have met his political friends and foes who were his 
 neighbors, and thej^ all award the same judgment. And this opinion is universal 
 in Tennessee, for the sous and daughters of the men who mingled with and knew 
 "Old Hickory" have inherited it. The able and worthy President of the South- 
 ern Immigration Association, who as Tennessee's Commissioner of Agriculture, 
 etc., and in charge of the Tennessee Department of this grand Exposition, is a son 
 of one of the noblest of the neighbors of Gen. Jackson. The very name of that 
 Commissioner attests the loyalty of that father to Jackson's fame — Andrew Jack- 
 sou McWhirter. The President of the Confederate Memorial Association of Ten- 
 nessee, and now in charge of the Tennessee Ladies' Department of this Exposi- 
 tion, is Mrs. Felicia Grundy Porter, and right worthily she wears the name of one 
 of Gen. Jackson's noblest neighbors, whose eloquent tongue in years gone by 
 charmed the Nation with eulogies of the fame and virtues of the hero of New Or- 
 leans — Felix Grundy, the great American advocate. Inheriting many of the grand, 
 intellectual traits of her illustrious sire, she has fallen heir to his love and admira- 
 tion for the immortal Jackson, These are but types of the sons and daughters of 
 Tennessee. There, as here, throughout Louisiana's proud domain, his name and 
 fame is enshrined forever. 
 
 I have spoken of Gen. Jackson's services in the tented field and in the councils 
 of his State and the Nation. I now speak of him as a party leader and Execu- 
 
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 tive of the Nation. It has been accorded to few men, in ancient or modern times, 
 after they had ascended to the highest pinnacle of military glorj', as the captain 
 of the age, to be awarded the highest niche in the temple of fame as a civic hero. 
 Posterity awards this palm to Andrew Jackson. 
 
 Appreciating the necessity of abbreviating my remarks on this occasion, I can- 
 not give more than .i passing reference to some of the most important events 
 connected with Gen, Jackson's career as a party leader. After having conquered 
 the Indian allies of the British, and the brilliant victory of the battle of New 
 Orleans — the close of the war between xVmerica and Great Britain — he sought the 
 shades of retirement at his beautiful home, "The Hermitage;" but in obedience 
 to the popular will of the Legislature of Tennessee, presented his name for the 
 Chief Magistracy of the Nation. The will of a majority of the people of the 
 United States favored his election to that exalted office, but their will was de- 
 feated by the politicians, the election having devolved on Congress. At the two 
 succeeding elections Jackson was a candidate for Presidential honors. Our Na- 
 tion's history records no political struggles so gigantic and momentous. Jack- 
 son was at the helm, and controlled and directed these, the fiercest political storms 
 that ever convulsed the body politic. Bj' the suffrages of the people, in whose 
 hearts he had enthroned himself, he was elected and inaugurated President at 
 each successive election. 
 
 As the moon sways the tides of the sea, his controlling spirit and agencies 
 swayed the multitude. As the primary planets revolve around the sun in the 
 direction of their rotation, so attracted and controlled by the personal magnetism 
 of this grand political luminary, around him revolved all the lesser political 
 lights of the day. As Neptune with his trident in storm as in calm the political 
 sea seemed subservient to his mighty and imperious will. 
 
 He encountered in these civic battles and in the great measures and policj' he 
 inaugurated daring his administration of Chief Executive, as in the field of Mars 
 at New Orleans, the most formidable opposition, whose hosts were led by the grand- 
 est trio of political captains this or any other Nation ever boasted — Claj', Calhoun 
 and Webster. I name them alphabetically. Who dare name them otherwise? 
 
 The sword of Jackson flashed in the sunlight of victory; the army of the oppo- 
 sition, like the British at New Orleans, cowered before him in abject defeat, Jack- 
 son, the conqueror, as a party leader gloriously wore the spurs of American knight- 
 hood, and stood before an admiring Nation the great captain of the age as a states- 
 man. Nor did he surrender this captaincy when he ceased to rule as President 
 and retired to the shades of the Hermitage. Even in his retirement Jackson was 
 "the power behind the throne, greater than the throne itself" He virtually nomi- 
 nated his successors in office for two Presidential terms, and his judgment and 
 opinion, up to the hour of his death, was a law unto the Democracy. None men- 
 tioned the adoption of a policy until it had the retired chief's iiiiprhnniur. The 
 Hermitage was the political Mecca to which the leaders of the party turned their 
 eyes and journeyed. 
 
 The political campaigns and battles of Jackson's administration was a war of 
 Titans. Jackson's rival was a foeman worthy the steel of any chieftain of rny 
 age — Henry Clay, the Coeur de Lion of American politics, whose i-.ime is the s-yu 
 
(36) 
 
 onym of purity, eloquence and patriotic statesmanship. A host of those who bat- 
 tled under Jackson's banner deserted his standard and fought under the flag of the 
 opposition. Even the great Virginian resigned his appointment under Jackson of 
 Minister to Russia to cross the waters to join in the conflict. Yes, Randolph of 
 Roanoke, the sardonic satyr whose envenomed thrust penetrated the very vitals of 
 Clay and led to their famous duel, forgot his friendship for Jackson, and turned 
 the almost resistless torrent of his eloquent invective against him because Jackson 
 dared set his iron heel on the neck of nullification and crushed its hydra head for- 
 ever. 
 
 Mj' time will not permit mention of the great measures he inaugurated, or his 
 organization of the Government on a stronger basis than had previously charac- 
 terized it. 
 
 It required boldness indeed to give battle to the great Bank of the United States. 
 He had the patriotic conviction that it ought to be overthrown. He throttled the 
 bank, great in its moneyed power and its powerful agencies. The struggle was 
 brief and decisive. Jackson conquered in the strife. He removed the National 
 deposits to State banks. This was a daring measure. It involved a question of 
 conflict of the Legislative and Executive Departments of the Federal Government. 
 
 The Senate of the United States, under the lead of the great triumvirate. Clay, 
 Calhoun and Webster, arrayed its terrible power against the Executive. The 
 Senate not only refused to assent to the measure, but placed on the Senatorial 
 records a resolution of censure of the President, and accusation of usurpation of 
 power. Jackson's protest was refused a place in the records: it charged the 
 Senate with prejudging his case, and convicting him of a high misdemeanor in 
 office without an impeachment trial. 
 
 As President, Gen. Jackson had nominated VanBnren to an important foreign 
 mission. The nomination was reported to the Senate. Jackson accepted the 
 gauge of battle of the Senate. In less than three years after the condemnatory 
 sentence of the Senate, and before the close of Jackson's administration, that 
 august body drew square, broad, black lines around the sentence, and wrote across 
 its face "expunged." Thus Andrew Jackson, in the presence of its fathers, 
 strangled this illegitimate offspring of political hate, and expunged its very ex- 
 istence from the records of the Senate. The rejected Minister, VanBuren, Jack- 
 son placed as his successor at the head of the Senate. Truly might Jackson have 
 then said to the Senate, in language of Holy Writ, "This is the stone which was 
 set at naught of you builders, which is become the head of the corner." 
 
 I do not claim that Andrew Jackson was perfect. No man has ever attained 
 unto perfection. But posterity views him as his figure juts out on the cliffs of 
 fame as the peer of anj' man of any age or clime. 
 
 In estimating his title to this rank among the heroes of the world, it must be 
 considered that he lived in an age of intellectual giants; that the most brilliant 
 intellectual galaxy then adorned the political firmament that the eye of man ever 
 beheld; that his rival, Clay, whom he outgeneraled, certain!}- as a tactician and 
 strategist, had no other peer in any land; that he reaped all his civic laurels io the 
 midst of, and opposed by, gigantic intellects, when, by the poverty of his youth. 
 
(37) 
 
 he had been denied the intellectual training and culture which, in the estimation 
 of men, is a prerequisite to distinction in the intellectual arena. In the military 
 arena, as Minerva, the goddess of war, sprang full- armed from the brain of Jove, 
 so from the womb of nature Andrew Jackson was born a god of war. Without 
 previous military training, with a sublime courage equalled alone by his firm re- 
 liance on his innate strength and skill to meet a terrible emergenc}', which caused 
 the heart of nature to sink in despondency, he achieved tlie most brilliant success, 
 all things considered, ever won by a soldier. He achieved all these successes, not 
 by accident, but by force of his inherent greatness. 
 
 He made and unmade men with a breath. Under his approving smile the great 
 Calhoun was Vice-President, and on his approach to the throne, under the impe- 
 rial power of Jackson, in the twinkling of an eye, the National political fortune 
 of Calhoun was blasted forever. When he ascended to the Presidential chair he 
 found the Federal Government without the rank and power it deserved in the eyes 
 of the Nations of the earth. Before his eight years' reign of power had passed 
 the Nation was recognized as one of the first powers of earth. His heroic element 
 had impressed him upon the country; he had organized and given new measures 
 to the Democrat party, had placed it on a basis so broad and deep, that even the 
 convulsions of the mightiest of civil wars failed to undermine its adamantine 
 foundations, for in this year of grace it has again assumed the helm of the ship of 
 State, and under its pilotage it is now in its old harbor of safety and renown, with 
 its pennons flying from the masthead, and engraved thereon his immortal words: 
 "The Federal Union — it must he preserved." 
 
 Forty years ago, on the morrow, Andrew Jackson surrendered to death, but in 
 that surrender the old chieftain, with the same calm, unfaltering courage that 
 characterized him in all the great a£Fairs of life, met his fate fearlessly, for he had 
 years before taken unto himself "the whole armor of God," and as a valiant 
 soldier of the Cross, disarmed death of its sting, and wrested from the grave its 
 victory. 
 
 " To live with fame, the gods allow 
 
 To many. But to die with equal lustre, 
 
 Is a gift which Heaven selects 
 
 From all the choicest boons of fate. 
 
 And with a sparing hand, on few bestows." 
 
 Another thought and I have done. Andrew Jackson, from youth to patriarchal 
 age, loved his country with a wondrous love, and while earning for himself a niche 
 in the Temple of Fame, never deviated from the path of patriotism, but climbing 
 the toppling crags of duty to their dizziest and most perilous heights, ever cast his 
 eyes aloft to see his country's glory. To-day, thanks to an overruling Providence, 
 although his country has, since his heroic spirit took its flight, been engulfed in a 
 maelstrom of war and fratricidal strife, yet the war-clouds have vanished, and the 
 passions ef men subsided, and the glorious sun of constitutional liberty, full-orbed 
 and in its meridian splendor, sheds its rays upon a land reunited; upon all of the 
 States, co-equal iii rights and dignity, and on a people contented and blessed, 
 joyously proclaiming: "Peace on earth, good will to men." To this our beloved 
 
(38) 
 
 Southland, redeemed from Britipli invasion b3-tlie immortalJackson, comes tidings 
 from the Xorth's great minister of the Gospel, Talmage, " Oh God, give me a 
 glimpse of the future, and that morning it was revealed to me, and I saw another 
 prospect from Lookout Mountain — great populations moving South, and moving 
 North, and I noticed that their footsteps obliterated the hoofmarks of the war- 
 chargers, and I saw the angel of the Lord of Hosts stand in their national ceme- 
 teries, trumpet in hand, saying: 'I will wake these soldiers from their long 
 encampment at the right time,' and I looked, and I saw such snowy harvest* of 
 cotton and such golden harvests of corn, covering all the land, as we have not 
 dreamed of; and I saw that all the earthworks were down, and all the war -barracks 
 down, and all the gun-carriages down, and the rivers wound through the valleys, 
 and the letter S seemed no longeV for shame (or fratricidal strife), but S for salva- 
 tion, and when I found that all our weapons of war had been turned into agricul- 
 tural implements, I was alarmed, and cried, 'Is this safe?' Then standing on 
 the tip-top rock of Lookout Mountain, I heard two voices, which somehow slipped 
 the gate, and they sang, ' Nation shall not lift up sword against nation ; neither 
 shall they learn war anj- more,' and I recognized the two voices. They were the 
 voices of two Christian soldiers who fell at Shiloh. The one was a Federal, the 
 other Confederate." 
 
 ADDRESS OF HOX. H. B. CASE. 
 
 Fellow-countrymen— 1 do not come before 3-ou as a citizen of Tennessee simply. 
 I grant you that my adopted State is larger than the whole United States, and for 
 that the whole American Continent, and I may say with still greater force that 
 Chattanooga, the town which I am proud to call my home, is larger than the great 
 State of Tennessee and the great American Continent, which Tennessee surrounds, 
 put together. It is large in native resources, large in great men, large in ideas. 
 It is so large that no State lines can encompass it; yet when I come to reflect I 
 must admit that this greatness consists solely in imagination, just as I think all 
 State lines should exist, solely and purely for local convenience. Thank Heaven 
 I hold citizenship in this great Republic, the "land of the free and the home of the 
 brave." I hail from this broad land, reaching from ocean to ocean, and rapidly 
 extending from pole to pole. I know no North, no South, no East, no West. The 
 State of my nativity, the State of my citizenship covers all mankind with a man- 
 tle of freedom and liberty, above which floats the proud banner of the Republic. 
 This vast Exposition is covered by the State I am proud to call mine, in which 
 
(39) 
 
 freedom reigns and in which the Goddess of Liberty sits on her throne and waves 
 the banner of universal Uberty. It is true that on this day Tennessee has moved 
 down and taken possession of this little girl Louisiana, and is to-day holding high 
 carnival vrith her sister; yet when we return to our proper territorial sphere we 
 shall send word back that you who are here to-day from remote Iowa and far dis- 
 tant Maine may find free lodgement within our cherished borders, assured that all 
 we ask is devotion to this grand Republic. The Woolverine, the Badger, the Buck- 
 eye, the Carver of Nutmegs and the Illinois Sucker, one and all, are welcome to 
 our rich soil. With all of you we are willing to share the fruits of our timber, our 
 iron, our copper, our marble, our coal, our zinc and our other inexhaustible miner- 
 als, while you who desire to till the soil will find that in no country on earth will 
 the glimmer of the sythe, the thud of the hoe, the cut of the shovel and the flash 
 of the sickle produce a larger percentage for the toil and labor bestowed than that 
 of Tennessee. 
 
 From the foot-hills to the west of the Cumberland Mountains, to the eastern line 
 of the State, lie hidden vast quantities of all the minerals above named, only wait- 
 ing the outstretched hand of industry, guided by intelligence, to be taken thence 
 and through the various processes converted to golden ducats for the comfort and 
 convenience of man. To the world we say come one, come all. Mother earth 
 lays bare her bosom; she invites you to draw from her sustainance and partake of 
 her nourishment, while the alluvial soil of our Middle and West Divisions oflFer to 
 the agriculturist the rarest inducements. Where the land is rich and the earth 
 pregnant with uncoined ducats, none need to go unfed and none should be without 
 shelter. 
 
 At this late hour, and in view of the long exercises of this Tennessee day, I can- 
 not gain my consent to make a long talk to you to-day, but have to say to you, men 
 of New England, to you, men of the great Northwest, to j'ou, men of the Central 
 North, and to you, men of this Southland, blooming with roses and filled with trop- 
 ical fruits, come one, come all to our own Tennessee. We will there show you 
 brave men and fair women. Men and women who dare to obey the injunction 
 " bj' the sweat of your brow shall you earn your bread," and who uphold in theory 
 and practice the great principles of a free Republic; and when j'ou come do not 
 forget that Chattanooga ia the center around which all Tennessee and the United 
 States revolve. 
 
 I thank you for this, your kindlj' greeting and silent attention, and bid you good- 
 night. 
 
 HON. R. K. BUTLER, 
 
 of Taylorsville, made one of the best speeches of his life, which 
 electrified the vast audience, hut it was impossible for the re- 
 porters to catch it amid the enthusiasm. 
 
(40) 
 
 STRUCTUKES. 
 
 The Main Building is 1378x905 feet. It is the largest build- 
 ing ever erected. It covers 1,656,030 square feet of space. The 
 largest other Exposition buildings ever erected are : 
 
 The Crystal Palace, Sydenham, London, 1862 1,400,000 feet. 
 
 The London Exposition, 1851 989,884 " 
 
 The Paris Exposition, 1855 545,934 " 
 
 The Paris Exposition, 1863 456,923 « 
 
 The Vienna Exposition, 1873 430,500 " 
 
 The Philadelphia Main Building, 1876 872,320 " 
 
 The Atlanta Exposition, 1881 107,520 " 
 
 The Louisville Southern Exposition, 1883-4 677,400 " 
 
 The World's Exposition, Main Building alone.... 1,656,030 " 
 
 Machinery Hall, 1378x300 feet, forms part of the Main Build- 
 ing. Music Hall forms its- center, and has seating capacity of 
 11,000 and a stage capacity of 600 people. 
 
 The Government Building is 885x565 feet. It is larger than 
 either of the two Paris Exposition Buildings and larger than 
 the Vienna Exposition Building. The management erected 
 this building specially for the general Government and State 
 exhibits and the educational display. 
 
 The Horticultural Hall is 600x194 feet. This building is the 
 largest conservatory in the world. 
 
 The Art Gallery is 200x80 feet. It is built of corrugated 
 iron. 
 
 The Cotton Annex (to the Main Building) is 300x100 feet. 
 It is built of iron, tire-proof and specially intended for cotton 
 "pickers and openers," ginning, cleaning, baling and compress- 
 ing machinery. 
 
 THE MEXICAN BUILDINGS. 
 
 The most attractive feature of the Mexican representation 
 
(41) 
 
 was the Octagon Building, designed for the mineral display of 
 Mexico, each face of the Octagon being 32 feet in extent, thus 
 making an area of 78 feet diameter, the whole supporting a 
 wonderfully exquisite dome 30 feet high. Though small in 
 comparison with the various other structures, yet this building 
 of the most beautiful and exquisite design, of the costliest 
 workmanship, presented a striking and attractive feature. It 
 was built of iron and glass, of a design similar to a Moorish 
 kiosque, and viewed at a distance gave the impression of being 
 made of the finest and rarest point-lace. The spaces between 
 the supporting columns are closed with panels of hard wood, 
 elaborately carved in' Moorish designs, thus enabling the build- 
 ing to be closed or converted into an open-air pavilion at will. 
 
 THE MEXICAN NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 
 
 was a strikingly beautiful structure, and was brought from 
 Mexico for immediate erection. It was a triumph of taste and 
 architectural achievement — a quadrangle 192 feet front by 288 
 deep. Graceful towers at each corner and in the center of each 
 side gave ample chance for a wealth of floral ornamentation in 
 the most oriental style. The coloring, too, is ravishing, with 
 its cunning conspiracies of gold, and green, and maroon, with 
 touches of intense red here and there. 
 
 The interior gallery running round the court-yard was ter- 
 raced, and there was placed a marvelous museum of the bril- 
 liant birds and fantastic flowers of Mexico, enchanting to all 
 beholders. In this building were located the offices for the 
 various Mexican offioials, and quarters for the famous Mexican 
 Band, and for the difierent detachments of the Mexican army 
 on duty at the Exposition. These buildings were built by the 
 Mexican Government and were taken down and removed to 
 Mexico as soon as the Exposition was over. 
 
 OTHER BUILDINGS. 
 
 The Grand Eapids Furniture Pavilion, Greek cross form, 
 172x172 in size. Several States had buildings of their own. 
 ISTorth Carolina had two — one an office for its Commissioners, 
 
(42) 
 
 made of forty varieties of handsome native woods; the other a 
 Cliinese pagoda of mica, devoted specially to the exhibit of 
 precious stones collected by the State. Restaurants, lunch 
 houses and other edifices devoted to public comfort, erected by 
 private parties and corporations, in number about two hun- 
 dred, were scattered over the grounds. 
 
 THE ORXAMEMTATION OP THE GROUNDS 
 
 was made a matter of special consideration, the general idea 
 being to give effect to the tropical and semi-tropical plants. 
 For this purpose the general design of ornamentation included 
 Mexican, Central American, Californian and Floridian gar- 
 dens, showing the flora of these respective countries and States. 
 Groves of orange, banana, lemon, mesc[uit and maguey were 
 laid out. Through these run winding paths, while around the 
 grounds were scattered mounds of flowers, under the shady 
 shelter of grand old oaks, adorned with long graceful pendents 
 of Spanish gray moss. Fountains, miniature lakes and other 
 things that delight the eye were provided, presenting a grand 
 view when lit up at night by the electric light. 
 
 BOARD OF MAXAOEMENT AXD OFFICERS. 
 
 The members of the Board of ^lanagement were : 
 
 Edmund Richardson, Albert Baldwin, 
 
 Duncan F. Kenner, Wm. B. Schmidt, 
 
 Frank C. Morehead, E. M. Hudson, 
 
 Jno. V. MooRE, Sam'l H. Buck, 
 
 Simon Hernsheim, G. A. Breux, 
 
 Thos. Hardeman, Jr. 
 
(43) 
 Executive Officers were elected as follows : 
 
 Edmund Eichardsox President. 
 
 Albert Baldwin First Vi ce-President. 
 
 AVji. B. Schmidt Second Vice-President 
 
 E. A. Burke Director-General. 
 
 Jxo. B. Lafitte Treasurer. 
 
 Richard Xixon Secretary. 
 
 F. C. Morehead Commissioner-General 
 
 G. M. ToRGENSON Supervising Architect. 
 
 The following officials were elected heads of departments: 
 
 Samuel Mullen Chief of Installation. 
 
 Charles L. Fitch Chief of Transportation. 
 
 Parker Earle Chief of Horticulture. 
 
 Geo. Y. Johnson Superintendent of Agriculture. 
 
 Mrs. J uliaWard Howe Chief of Woman's Work. 
 
 C. W. Dabney, Jr Chief Dept. Gov'm't and State Exhibits. 
 
 B. T. Walshe Chief of Informat'n and Accommodat'n. 
 
 Wm. H. H. Judson Chief of Printing and Publishing. 
 
 Dr. G. B. LoRiNG Chief of Agriculture. 
 
 Hon. Jno. Eaton Chief of Education. 
 
 Hon. B. K. Bruce Chief of Dept. of Colored Exhibits. 
 
 Wendell S. Howard... Commissioner of Art Department. 
 
(44) 
 
 TEXXESSEE'S EXHIBIT. 
 
 GOOD RESULTS OF COMMISSIONER m'wHIRTER's WORK AT NEW OR- 
 LEANS EQUAL TO ANY OTHER STATE, AND SURPASSING 
 
 MAXT A STRONG INDORSEMENT FROM 
 
 THE LOCAL PRESS. 
 
 {Letter from Col. Robt. Gates, of Jackson, Tenn., to the American of May 1, 1885.) 
 
 New Orleans, April 27, 1885. — Your dispatches have informed you of Gov. 
 Bate's satisfaction with Tennessee's exhibit in the World's Fair, and his confidence 
 in the good that must result. I assure you and your host of readers that the Gov- 
 ernor is not by himself " by a large majority." No State exhibit in the Exposi- 
 tion attracts more favorable attention from practical people. It is a complete 
 text of the State's resources and possibilities, which in variety and quality aston- 
 ishes and interests thousands who are looking for homes in the Sduth or new fields 
 for enterprise and the investment of capital. Scarcely an hour passes but what 
 Tennessee headquarters are visited by interested inquirers, and all reading matter 
 about the State is largely sought and highly prized. It is conceded that Tennes- 
 see stands first over all competitors in the display of marble and corn, and the of- 
 fice is frequently crowded with Northern farmers and Southern planters requesting 
 "just an ear of corn for seed." So great has been this demand from the first that 
 Commissioner McWhirter ordered smallpackages-of shelled corn placed on free 
 distribution. Thousands of farmers North and South have been served with sam- 
 ples of Tennessee red, yellow and white corn, and thus the State has been and is 
 being widely and most advantageously advertised. The agricultural products of 
 the State generally compare favorably with any State, and the same is true as to 
 coal and as to iron ores. In way of comparison, I would say that in all else ex- 
 cept fruit Tennessee surpasses Arkansas; is superior to Alabama in everything 
 save iron and coal, and her equal in those items; surpasses Mississippi in every- 
 thing except cotton; ranks above Kentucky in agriculture, fruit and minerals, ex- 
 cepting hemp and probably rye, and is the equal of any State, North or South, in 
 the variety and quality of agricultural, mineral and timber resources, and superior 
 to all in quality of corn and marble. 
 
 The States, of this city, in its issue of the 23d, has the following handsome com- 
 mendation of the Tennessee exhibit: 
 
 " The admirable executive ability that has been displayed in the collection, ar- 
 rangement and management of Tennessee's exhibit at the World's Exposition 
 should be a matter for pride and congratulation to every public-spirited citizen of 
 that State. This exhibit has a history of peculiar significance to our Exposition. 
 It will be remembered that at the Atlanta Exposition, which was the prototype of 
 ours, there was no collection of State exhibits, and the first display ever made of 
 
(45) 
 
 the products and resources of a Southern State was that of Tennessee at Boston. 
 That one was prepared by the same man who prepared this one. Col. A. J. Mc- 
 Whirter. So beneficial did it prove that other States were incited to follow Ten- 
 nessee's example. At Louisville there were s<-.veral exhibits, notably that of Ar- 
 kansas, but Tennessee's still stood in the front rank. The result of these experi- 
 ments had a great deal to do with the magnificent array of State exhibits now mar- 
 shalled in the Government Building of the World's Exposition. 
 
 "It is to be regretted that Col. McWhlrter, the pioneer originator of this success- 
 ful method of advertising the advantages of our long-neglected Southern States, 
 has been kept away from New Orleans during the greater part of the Exposition ; 
 but fortunately the interests of Tennessee have not suffered by his absence, for 
 McWhirter, the younger, has filled his father's place with a zeal and ability that 
 warrant the highest commendation. 
 
 "He has had all the official business to attend to, has answered all the corre- 
 spondence, and yet he always finds time to show the exhibit to strangers and point 
 out its chief features. By his unfailing courtesy he has converted many a stranger 
 into a friend. Go there when you will and he is at his post. How his services 
 are appreciated by his home people is evidenced by an extract from the Memphis 
 Avalanche, which appears in another column. 
 
 "The exhibit of Tennessee is without a superior, and yet it has cost the State a 
 mere bagatelle. How any man could have accomplished so much with only 
 $10,000, out of which all salaries and other running expenses have been paid, is a 
 'difficult financial problem. Nothing but the very best possible management could 
 have done it." 
 
 These facts impress the intelligent and practical stranger, and the good result- 
 ing is simply incalculable. But the other day Dr. Vincele, a distinguished Meth- 
 odist divine of St. Louis, stepped into the Tennessee office, and, in the presence of 
 Gov. Bate, whom he had never before met, said : " I called to pay mj' respects to 
 Tennessee, and to say that intrinsically she has the best exhibit in the Government 
 Building. Those making it, or arranging and managing it, deserve the gratitude 
 and unstinted praise of their people." On being introduced to Gov. Bate, Dr. 
 Vincele said: "Governor, you are no doubt proud of this splendid effort by your 
 great State, and every Tennessean should feel so when he views it and compares 
 it with others." After warmly congratulating Mr. Louis B. McWhirter on the ex- 
 cellence of his work. Dr. Vincele retired. This is but a sample incident. Every 
 day, and, frequently, every hour, similar testimony is voluntarily given to the 
 splendid character of the Tennessee exhibit. And when it is considered that this 
 exhibit has cost less than that of many States attempting a collective exhibit, the 
 excellence of the management, the economy, judgment and fertility of resource 
 displayed by Commissioner McWhirter and his son, Louis (to whom belongs the 
 credit of management), appear in strong light, and challenges the admiration and 
 gratitude of the people of Tenni-ssee. 
 
 The good accomplished and to follow for years, as I have before said, is incalcu- 
 lable. For the first time in her history Tennessee is iu the column of review. 
 After years of patient and intelligent labor on the part of her successive Commis- 
 sioners of struggles against fossilism at home and misrepresentation abroad, after- 
 
(46) 
 
 years of effort to stand and to walk, Tennessee is at last in the marching column 
 of progress. It remains for the responsible power in the State to determine her 
 position in this column — whether it shall be well to the front or well to the rear, 
 whether it shall be such as to bring prosperity to the homes of the present genera- 
 tion, or whether that blessing and that aspiration of generous mindi^ shall be re- 
 served for those to come after us, and who will know better how to x)rotit by exam- 
 ple and the lesson of experience. It would be wise and in harmony with the best 
 aspirations and the truest economy to so plan and prosecute as to bring the bless- 
 ings of progress in showers upon this generation, which has suffered enough to be 
 entitled to the crown of prosperity. And this may be done. The liberal support 
 of the "Bureau of Agriculture, Immigration,'' etc , under its efficient chief, the 
 broad-minded, energetic A. J. McWhirter, whose whole soul is in the work of Ten- 
 nessee's development, will establish prosperity on sure foundations. The work 
 already accomplished gives an earnest of what may be achieved. Immigra- 
 tion and capital are turning our way. Every month sees hundreds of prospec- 
 tors looking through Tennessee; every month farms are sold, large bodies of land 
 for colonies is bargained for, immense timber tracts find purchasers, new mines 
 are opened and new industries established. These rivulets of enterprise should 
 broaden out into abounding streams and fertilize the whole State until prosperity 
 becomes the rule among farmers and tradesmen and mechanics; until land be- 
 comes valuable and finds a ready market; until the homes of Tennessee become 
 celebrated, as of old time, for good living and intelligent happiness. All this is in 
 comparatively easy reach. If Commissioner McWhirter is liberally supported in 
 his brave and fruitful efforts, if he is afforded the means to prosecute the sjDlendid 
 work begun at Boston and Louisville and continued here, if he is enabled to press 
 home with efforts to bring capital and the better class of immigrants to Tennessee, 
 a splendid prosperity is at hand, is sure to come and to grow. 
 
 A TEK'XESSEE IDYL. 
 
 (Editorial from the New Orleans Times-Democrat of April 30, 1>^^5.) 
 
 If there is a State in the South as dear to the native of Louisiana as his own. 
 that State is Tennessee. When the Veteran Guards, under Pakenham, flushed 
 with victory at Washington, essayed to capture the Crescent City, it was the buck- 
 skin riflemen of Tennessee that made the triumph of New Orleans. Gen. Jack- 
 son, too, the hero of our celebrated battle, belongs as well to us as to the locality 
 in which he spent the evening of his years and died. In a hundred ways we fee) 
 a brotherhood with Tennessee, while even sordid motives constantly make that 
 
(47) 
 
 brotherhood a close and eternal partnership for business purposes. The splendid 
 official exhibit of the State at the Exposition constitutes one of the seven woijders 
 of the South, if not of the world, and teaches us something of the empire we have 
 back of us. If that empire but consisted of Tennessee it would command the re- 
 spect of the world, and make New Orleans one of the great seaports of the day; 
 for the commerce of Tennessee is something that few people, outside of profes- 
 sional statisticians, appreciate. 
 
 Almost first in the galaxy of Southern States, Tennessee has taken a stand as a 
 concrete force in the formation of what we know to-dtiy as the "New South." In 
 whatever of progress our section has accomplished, Tennessee has been promi- 
 nent. In development since the war, whether agricultural, industrial or political, 
 the great central commonwealth of the New South has led the van. Perhaps few 
 of our readers have appreciated the close commercial and material bonds that 
 unite the Crescent City with Tennessee. The latter is one of the greatest, if not 
 the greatest, producing States of the South. AYith a degree of energy and enter- 
 prise that the livest Northwestern State might be proud of, it is pushing its inter- 
 ests out at home and abroad until four continents now feel the effect of its propa- 
 ganda, First to recover from the disasters of the reconstruction period, Tennes- 
 see was also first to shake off the lethargy bred of that industry-killing period, and 
 before the world could believe that the staunch old Commonwealth had survived 
 at all, it appeared among the leading States of the Union in new agricultural, 
 mining and manufacturing developments. 
 
 Each one of the Southern States represented at the New Orleans Exposition has 
 created surprise throughout civilization, and none more than Tennessee. The 
 world was not ignorant before that such a region existed. Tennessee marble, 
 Tennessee iron and coal had been heard of, but the thousand rich resources that 
 the State has introduced to mankind through its wonderful exhibit had not been 
 dreamed of, and possibly many Times- Democrat readers do not j'ct appreciate 
 them. One county, Shelby, of which Memphis is the seat, was for along time the 
 banner cotton county of the world, and last year it was only the fifth in point of 
 production of all cotton producing counties. Tennessee leads the United States 
 in corn. This is the more astonishing when it is remembered that several States 
 belonging to other sections have made their displays at the Exposition almost on 
 the basis of corn alone. Before the supremacy of Tennessee corn they have all 
 bowed the knee. If competition were allowed among the State exhibits, it is not 
 certain that Tennessee might not capture the palm in tobacco as well. As to the 
 minerals there is no doubt about the proud position it maintains. There are 
 twenty-three producing coal mines in the State, just one of which supplies a large 
 proportion of the firesides of New Orleans. 
 
 In the production of iron Tennessee ranks with Alabama and Georgia. From 
 Chattanooga to the State line, railways traverse a region teeming with iron, coal 
 and limestone in such proximity that the history of the industry does not show 
 such golden opportunities for investment and development. As to marbles, it is 
 only rieces.sary to inspect the exhibits of furniture factories from all parts of the 
 country to be convinced that the State has captured the interest so far as deco- 
 rative purposes are concerned. In woods she acknowledges no superior; in grazing 
 lands, hardly an equal. Perhaps it is not as welt ' nown as it should be that the 
 
(48) 
 
 Blue Grass region of Tennessee is far greater in area than the same in Kentucky. 
 The formation over which it lies is identical with that of its neighbor, and so are 
 all the physical conditions. In brief, Tennessee includes the climatic and all other 
 conditions of all the regions of America, between the tropics and Canada, and as 
 a field of settlement offers the greatest range of production and industry of any 
 locality on the face of the globe. 
 
 All these things are so fully illustrated in the official exhibit of the State that 
 personal inspection for half an hour would convey more information than a hun- 
 dred columns of description. But it is well to call attention to the matter, because 
 New Orleans has a heavy stake in the present and future development of Ten- 
 nessee, The coming readjustment of American commercial relations will make 
 it important for us to look to the vast products of this valley commonwealth, 
 which has shown such a community of interest with Louisiana. But for the 
 sturdy backing of Tennessee's energetic and enterprising Commissioner, who is 
 also President of the Southern Immigration Society, it is doubtful if New Orleans 
 could have been established as the headquarters and entrepot for all Southern im- 
 migration; and there are many directions in which the influence of the Tennessee 
 delegation at the Exposition has been felt in the promotion of Southern interests 
 on the broadest scale. Among all the peaceful embassies sent by our sister States 
 to the great congress of progress and educat'on, none have made a, more striking 
 record; none is more truly entitled to honor than that from Tennessee." 
 
 HOW TENNESSEE SHOWS UP AT THE EXPO- 
 SITION. 
 
 (Correspondence of the Knoxville Chronicle.) 
 
 The magnificent display of the Tennessee exhibits has attracted a great deal of 
 attention. Visitors who enter the Tennessee space are most favorably impressed 
 with the products of her soil. The agricultural exhibit of corn, wheat, potatoes, 
 tobacco, and small fruits of various kinds, are not second to those of any other 
 State. The excellent display of her mineral resources and fine timbers will, no 
 doubt, lead capitalists, in their desire to invest, to the State. Tennesseans, after 
 investigating and comparing the exhibits of other States, justly feel proud of their 
 own Tennessee. They are ready to exclaim, "Tennessee, thou art by no means 
 least!" And that feeling at once increases when they learn that so much has 
 been done at such little cost to the State. Under the proficient and economical 
 management of Commissioner A. J. McWhirter this display has been made at the: 
 
(49) 
 
 least possible cost. Tennessee nevjr made a better investment, and one for which 
 she will get a better return, than the $10,000 appropriation granted by the last 
 Legislature, in order that the Commissioner might make a display of the State's 
 resources. No citizen of the State, when he learns how carefully the money has 
 been expended, and the probable results that will come to the State through her 
 exhibits, can say he is sorry the appropriation was made. In my opinion, Ten- 
 nessee never had a better friend than the present Commissioner, A. J. McWhirter, 
 who, in his great zeal and enthusiasm to make Tennessee a great State, has neg- 
 lected no part of the State, nor any of her citizens. The Assistant Commissioner, 
 L. B. McWhirter, who has charge of the Tennessee Department in the absence of 
 the Commissioner, has faithfully, honestly and earnestly conducted affairs. He 
 has merited the esteem of Tennessee for his fidelity and devotion to duty, and 
 careful expenditure of the State's fund. We aie writing up very carefully the 
 Colored Department of the Exposition, and for that reason have not mentioned it 
 in this writing. 
 
 OUR NEW OELEAISrS EXHIBIT. 
 
 (Editorial comment from the Jackson Tribune and Sun.) 
 
 The press and the people seem well pleased with the Tennessee exhibit at New 
 Orleans. Compliments from the newspapers of New Orleans, and, in fact, from 
 almost every quarter, are showered upon the Tennessee exhibit. Commissioner 
 McWhirter and his assistants. This must be gratifying to the pride of Tennesseans 
 that the old Volunteer State is so much favored among her rival sisters, but it 
 will be still more interesting to them to know that a constant stream of visitors 
 and letters are pouring into the State, looking out for homes and inquiring about 
 investments. Tennessee is on the up grade, and going steadily forward. She 
 owes it largelj' to her Bureau of Agriculture, Immigration, etc., and the untiring 
 work of her Commissioner. The Legislature voted to sustain him in this work, 
 and when it is called in extra session it should continue to sustain him, for he is 
 doing more to press her to the front in the race for prosperity and progress than 
 4 noe 
 
(50 ) 
 
 all other incidental agencies combined. Every dollar spent in that bureau the 
 past two years has brought more than an hundred fold return to the State. It is 
 the best investment the State has made in many years, and the best she can make 
 at present. 
 
 TEXIfESSEE AT THE EXPOSITION. 
 
 The following from the pen of the Hon. James Phelan, mem- 
 ber of Congress from the Tenth Congressional District, ap- 
 peared in the Memphis Avalanche of April 15, 1885 : 
 
 (Special Correspondence of the Avalanche.) 
 
 New Orleans, April 12. — I had not intended to vrrite you anything about.the 
 Exposition when I began, but I will step aside from this resolution just enough to 
 pay a compliment, and a well deserved one, to the gentleman who has made the 
 Tennessee exhibit so successful. Louis McWhirter is the son of Maj. A. J. Mc- 
 Whirter. The latter, who is a coil of electric wires and seething energy, has more 
 ideas looking to the advancement of Tennessee grain, cows, horses, minerals, mar- 
 bles and what-not than a dozen men could accomplish in a lifetime. When he had 
 determined to put Tennessee up toward the top at the World's Fair, he found 
 himself overwhelmed with a new work when he already had more to do than his 
 Bureau could by any possibility of means accomplish. With a small appropria- 
 tion, he had to accomplish big results or he had to fail. Now they say in Tennes- 
 see that Jack McWhirter never fails. So he set to work, made general prepara- 
 tions and looked out for somebody to carry out his plana. His eyes fell on a chip 
 of the old block. The salary was a picayune, and no man with sufficient energy 
 was willing to undertake the work for the pay. But his son could not refuse. 
 Louis McWhirter came down, and it is but just to say that Louis McWhirter is the 
 Tennessee exhibit. He wrought out the design after the elder McWhirter had con- 
 ceived the plan. The choice was a truly good one. The contrast between father 
 and son is striking. They are as much sire and son as, for instance, Gladstone 
 and Paul. But the old man has the latch of his heart always accessible, and he 
 can rarely say no to those who approach him with the gentle word and sorrowful 
 voice. But the younger man is tougher in the fiber, and his heartstrings are 
 tauter. He has quick perception, is a fine organizer, has unfaltering energy and a 
 touch of sterner harshness at limes. But the cheeriness of the elder is fully devel- 
 
(51) 
 
 oped in the younger. Louis MoWhirter has done wonders. It is easy to say this, 
 but in this case it is true. He has done wonders — he has excited the envy of three 
 Commissioners of the State that I linow of. His name is on the Ups of all the 
 Exposition authorities. He has done as well, if not better, than old Jack Mo- 
 Whirter could have done, and thei-e's an end of it. The Commissioner's two of- 
 fices are the headquarters of Tennessee people. They are both small and decently, 
 but not gorgeously, fitted up. 
 
 AlSr AGE OF EXPOSITIOITS Al^D THEIR EFFECT 
 UPOK" CIVILIZATIOIT. 
 
 This is an age of expositions, and the State or country that 
 avails itself of this method of advertising its resources and 
 products will certainly lead in the matter of determining capital 
 and skilled labor within its borders. 
 
 It took England through the long ages to gather the best 
 ideas of the earth and apply them to the physical resources of 
 her land. But in this country, within the short period of a 
 year, the States of this Kepublic have been able to place the 
 sample products of their fields, forests and mines side by side 
 with the selected and best ideas of the age iu a carnival of em- 
 bodied thoughts, a wilderness of improved machinery — ^gigantic 
 object lessons before the eyes of the assembled nations, a grand 
 Kindergarten of science expanding the favored buildings of this 
 Exposition into a great hot-house conservatory of new ideas, 
 and revolving these few months into a great telescope of time, 
 until human thought itself was made visible in the blaze of elec- 
 tricity's wonderful light. 
 
 The results have already been beyond the dreams of the en- 
 thusiast. New ideas and conceptions transplanted from here 
 will grow into the brick and mortar of future mills and iacto- 
 
(52) 
 
 ries all over our country. Young Newtons will go from here 
 to wake up in other orchards, and boyish Franklins to dally 
 with other clouds. Larger science will delve in our mines and 
 handle our minerals. No man can tell or measure the influence 
 in national development of this infusion of new thought, and 
 none can see in its largest vision the force of this enkindling 
 enthusiasm on the growth and glory of the sisterhood of States. 
 
 We have shown the world the resources of our lands and the 
 results of our wonderful inventive genius. We have shown 
 that the skill of our people has for years compensated for the 
 dearness of material by the cheapness of construction ; that 
 mechanical development is a part of the character of the Xa- 
 tion, and we may be sure that a country that has produced the 
 grain elevator, the oil-pipe pumps, machine-made matches, high 
 speed printing presses, and other great inventions, will develop 
 more wonderful creative powers under the stimulus of the in- 
 creased export trade which must necessarily follow this great 
 Exposition. 
 
 Armies and academies are not the forces that go most toward 
 the making of a nation. The nurse of empire is commerce. 
 Centuries ago, when commerce iirst spread its untaught sails 
 on unmapped seas, those nations that sailed most learned most, 
 and grew fastest; 'twas not the visible cargoes freighting re- 
 turning ships that proved most valuable, but the invisible car- 
 goes of new thoughts and inspirations that plumed the wings 
 of civilization. 
 
 Expositions are promotive of international comity; they 
 give the representatives of all nations an opportunity to 
 study and appreciate our institutions and resources; they 
 elevate the foreign estimate of American character and the 
 practical ingenuity of our people; they increase the demand 
 and create new markets in foreign countries for our products; 
 they give our own people a better knowledge of themselves, of 
 their advantages, of the development and progress of their 
 own country, and of the cultivation, taste and advancement of 
 other nations. The result must be of inestimable and perma- 
 nent value to Tennessee. 
 
(53) 
 
 It was universally conceded at New Orleans that no other 
 State exhibit was superior to. that of Tennessee. We returned 
 home more firmly impressed than ever that the Volunteer State, 
 for diversilied products, is the greatest State in the Union, and 
 has a future, the grandeur of which the people have not im- 
 agined. 
 
 ■* 
 
 We know that the members of our Legislature will bear us 
 out in the assertion that that section or locality which hesitates 
 in the march of progress, must simply be left behind. The 
 time has come when each State will take to itself such wealth 
 as it has the hands to grasp, and the power to hold; and that 
 State which reaches farthest into the development of our indus- 
 try, which holds most steadily at the front of endeavor, whose 
 fair character and liberal nature are impressed most deeply into 
 our national life, will certainly exercise a controlling influence 
 in our Republic. 
 
 PREMIUMS. 
 
 We have received many inquiries since the close of the Ex- 
 position, regarding the payment of awards due citizens of Ten- 
 nessee who had exhibits at the World's Industrial Fair, and 
 were entitled to premiums upon same under the rule, but have 
 been unable to give them the desired information. 
 
 The following circular, which is not satisfactory, was issued 
 by the Chairman of the Committee of Awards, and will ex- 
 plain itself: 
 
(54) 
 
 The World's Industrial A^D Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
 
 New Orleans. 
 
 Department OF Awards. 
 
 Information to Exhibitors who have been Awarded Pbemibms in Monet 
 
 AND Medals. 
 
 The Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1885, appropriatin": 83.35,000 for final 
 aid to the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, provided that the 
 amount appropriated should be used. First, in payment of indebtedness then out- 
 standing, due to persons, firms, or corporations living and doing business outside 
 of the State of Louisiana, including debts due foreigners or foreign nations, and 
 such as were due to States and Territories from said Exposition; and. Secondly, 
 in payment of all premiums heretofore awarded, or which shall be hereafter awarded 
 by said Exposition, in accordance with the list of awards heretofore published. 
 
 Under date of June 5, 1885, Hon. C. S. Fairchild, Assistant Secretary of the 
 Treasury, writes: "Although the sum in excess of the appropriation may ulti- 
 mately be reduced by the rejection of claims, in whole or in part, it would seem 
 hardly probable that any of the claims for premiums awarded by the Exposition 
 can be entertained or paid." 
 
 The accounting for the expenditure of the 81,000,000, appropriated by Act of 
 Congress, May 21, 1884, has been made by the Exposition management, and ac- 
 cepted and approved by the Government. 
 
 It is the purpose, therefore, now, of the management to realize on the property 
 of the corporation, and they are actively engaged in so doing, for settlement, at 
 the earlit st day possible, of all claims not paid, in whole or in part, out of the 
 congressional appropriation of March 3, 1885; and it is hoped that enough will be 
 realized to satisfy all, 
 
 Gus. A. Breaux, 
 Chairman Committee of Awards. 
 New Orleans, August 17, 1885. 
 
(55) 
 
 THANKS. 
 
 To the press of the State we owe much of the success in for- 
 warding the interests of the Exposition. The generous and 
 hearty co-operation given, the eloquent and earnest appeals 
 made in behalf of the enterprise, and the kind words of com- 
 mendation and encouragement constantly uttered through the 
 columns of the State press, all merit the highest appreciation, 
 and we cannot too highly praise, nor too profusely thank, the 
 members of that fraternitj', which has always wielded such a 
 power for the material advancement of the State. 
 
 There were many exhibits in the Tennessee Department that 
 were worthy of special mention in this report, but should we 
 individualize, we fear others may think an injustice had been 
 done to them. Many persons who were connected with the 
 exhibits are also entitled to honorable recognition, while all are 
 deserving of more or less praise. 
 
 Without desiring to detract in the least from others, we will 
 venture to name Mrs. Felicia Grundy Porter, of Nashville, 
 Tenn., Lady Commissioner for the State of Tennessee, who 
 displayed commendable zeal and energy in procuring specimens, 
 and who presided over the Woman's Work and Art Depart- 
 ment of the exhibit at New Orleans with a dignity and grace 
 which made it the cynosure of all visitors, foreign and native. 
 
 To Mrs. E. S. McClung, of Knoxville, Tenn., we present our 
 thanks and kind acknowledgments for the great interest she 
 manifested in procuring articles of rare merit for the Tennessee 
 exhibit'. 
 
 We were placed under renewed obligations to Mrs. Andrew 
 Jackson, of the Hermitage, for the loan of the portraits of 
 Gen. Andrew Jackson and Mrs. Hachel Jackson, and also the 
 gold watch, walking-cane, snuti' boxes, hat, dressing-gown, 
 sword, pistols, and the original draft of the veto message (with 
 interlineations) which President Jackson, himself, wrote. 
 
(56) 
 
 To Miss Zollikoffer, of Columbia, Tenn., for the loan of the 
 portrait of her father, Gen. F. K. Zollikoffer, the hero and pa- 
 triot. 
 
 To Mrs. L, A. C. Nelson, of Memphis, for the loan of sev- 
 eral exquisite paintings in oil. 
 
 To the Misses Armstrong, of Knoxville, for handsome paint- 
 ings. 
 
 To Mrs. James K. Polk, for the loan of the highl3'-prized 
 portrait of her husband. President James K. Polk. 
 
 To Dr. William E. Ward, of Ward's Seminary; Dr. G. W. 
 F. Price, of the Nashville College for Young Ladies; Prof. 
 Olin H. Landreth, of Vanderbilt University, and Mrs. Mary E. 
 Clark, all of Nashville, Tenn., for their contributions to the 
 Educational Exhibit. 
 
 To Dr. R. D. Smith, of the Columbia Athseneum ; Profs. 
 Smith and Bourland, of Jackson, Tenn. ; Prof. Handel, of Rip- 
 ley; Rev. Dr. Caldwell, of Athens, and all other schools of Ten- 
 nessee, for their contributions to the exhibit in the Educational 
 Department. 
 
 To Mrs. 0. M. Spoftbrd, of Pulaski, Tenn., for the splendid 
 exhibit of agricultural, forest and art products of Giles County, 
 procured by individual exertion and without the slightest ex- 
 panse to the State. 
 
 To Dr. J. M. Saftbrd, Professor of Natural History and Chem- 
 istry at Vanderbilt University, of Nashville, for the loan of the 
 best exhibit of rare fossils that were in the building. 
 
 And to Capt. William Stockell, of Nashville, who labored so 
 zealously in procuring specimens for the State exhibit, and who 
 was so faithful in his attendance while the Exposition was in 
 progress, even to its close, I make my most profound acknowl- 
 edgemnts. 
 
 We return thanks especially to Dr. H. M. Pierce, President 
 of the Charcoal and Cliemieal Works, Goodrich, Tenn., for 
 specimens of all grades of alcohol and charred coal produced 
 by this enterprising company, and manufactured from the wood 
 
(57) 
 
 of that section. Tliese specimens attracted very great atten- 
 tion from our native and foreign scientists, as also from the iron 
 manufacturers visiting the Exposition. 
 
 Especial thanks are also due the Tennessee Historical Soci- 
 ety, for the loan of several portraits in oil, viz: President An- 
 drew Jackson and his wife, Mrs. Rachel Jackson, President 
 James K. Polk, Gov. Aaron V. Brown, Henry Clay, W. T. 
 Heiskell, David Crockett, and Hon. John Bell. 
 
 To the individual meihbers of the Honorable County Courts 
 of the counties in Tennessee who gave us their substantial aid 
 in the matter of county appropriations, and appointment of 
 agents to procure, inclose and ship specimens of their natural 
 resources and agricultural, orchard and garden products, we 
 are especially grateful. 
 
 We return especial thanks to Messrs. M. H. Clark & Bro., of 
 Clarksville, Tenn., for specimens of all the types of Tennessee 
 tobacco, which was more complete and attracted more atten- 
 tion than any similar line in the Government Building; also to 
 Mr. R. D. Goodwyn, of White, Tenn., and Messrs. R. G. Craig 
 & Co., of Memphis, Tenn., for their untiring zeal and energy 
 toward making the Shelby County exhibit one of the most at- 
 tractive on Tennessee space ; also to Capt. John W. Morton 
 and Theo. Cooley, of JSTashville, agents of Davidson County, 
 for their energy and taste in arranging the Davidson County 
 exhibit; to Maj. S. L. Campbell, of Morristown, for his energy 
 and artistic taste in arranging the splendid exhibit made by the 
 "Morristown Mineral Belt," composed of the counties of Han- 
 cock, Claiborne, Grainger, Hawkins, Hamblen, Cocke, Greene, 
 Sullivan, Carter, Washington, Johnson and Unicoi; to J. W. 
 S. Frierson, Secretary of the Crescent Marble Co., Knoxville, 
 Tenn., for the grand display of their building marble; to John 
 J. Craig & Co., of Knoxville, Tenn., for a magnificent display 
 of their pink, variegated and landscape marble; to Beach & 
 Co., Knoxville, Tenn., for a handsome display of their varie- 
 gated marble in frames; to B. F. Cowell & Co. and to John W. 
 Ross and the Knoxville Marble Co., Knoxville, Tenn., for val- 
 uable display of variegated marble; to E. D. Dougherty, of 
 Doughertyville, Hawkins County; D. D. Nichols, Superintend- 
 
(58) 
 
 ent Red Triangle Marble, Concord, and Messrs. Daly, Smith & 
 Hill, Chattanooga, Tenn., all of whom assisted in making the 
 Tennessee exhibit of marble the most attractive ever seen on 
 this continent. 
 
 We are profoundly grateful to the owners of the following 
 coal mines of the State for splendid specimens of their coal and 
 coke, viz : 
 
 The Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company, Tracy City. 
 
 The Etna Coal & Coke Company, Whitesides. 
 
 The Soddy Coal Company, Soddy. 
 
 The Dayton Coal & Iron Company, Dayton. 
 
 The Roane Iron Company, Rockwood. 
 
 The Grlen Mary Coal & Coke Company, Glen Mary. 
 
 The Standard Coal & Coke Company, ]!*fewcomh. 
 
 The Jellico Mountain Coal & Coke Company, ISTewcomb. 
 
 The Knoxville Iron Company, Coal Creek. 
 
 And to the following companies for specimens of coal : 
 
 The Tabler Crudup Coal & Coke Company, Daisy. 
 
 The Walden Ridge Iron Company, Sale Creek. 
 
 The Poplar Creek Coal Company, Olivers. 
 
 The Mount Carbon Coal Company, Olivers. 
 
 The Winter's Gap Coal Company, Olivers. 
 
 The Oliver Coal Company, Olivers. 
 
 The Coal Creek Consolidated Iron Company, Coal Creek. 
 
 The Coal Creek Coal Company, Coal Creek. 
 
 The 'New River Coal Company, Coal Creek. 
 
 We also acknowledge our indebtedness to the following fur- 
 nace companies for specimens of ore, limestone, coke or char- 
 coal used by them in the manufacture of pig metal, also for 
 specimens of pig-slag and cinder, viz : 
 
 The Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company. Cowan and 
 South Pittsburg, for specimens of all grades of pig, also brown 
 and red hematite iron ores, fire clay, slag and cinder. 
 
 The Citico Furnace Company, Chattanooga. 
 
 The Oakdale Iron Company, Jenks' P. 0. 
 
 The Roane Iron Company, Rockwood. 
 
(59) 
 
 The Chattanooga Iron Company, Chattanooga. 
 
 The Dayton Coal & Iron Company (limited), Dayton. 
 
 The \yarner Furnace Company (charcoal), Warner. 
 
 The Cumberland Furnace Company, Cumberland Furnace. 
 
 The LaGrrange Furnace Company, Stribling. 
 
 We 'return thanks to the following parties for favors extended 
 in supplying us with splendid specimens of iron ores, viz : 
 
 W. J. Whitthorne, 3,000-pound specimen brown hematite, 
 from Tucker & Wright's ore banks, near West Point, Tenn. 
 
 Warner Furnace Company, large number specimens brown 
 hematite and needle ores from their property, Warner P. 0., 
 Tenn. 
 
 Cumbei'land Furnace Company, specimens brown hematite, 
 C. furnace. 
 
 T. K. G-rigsby, Charlotte, brown hematite ores. 
 
 John H. Moore, Centreville, brown hematite ores, from Jerry 
 bank. 
 
 Jo. Vaulx, Cumberland City, brown hematite and pipe ores. 
 
 Frank P. Gracy, Clarksville, brown hematite and pipe ores, 
 Steel ore banks. 
 
 Judge G-eo. H. l^Tixon, Lawrenceburg, brown hematite, from 
 Lawrence County. 
 
 Henri Gibson, Knoxville, red hematite. 
 
 To Your Excellency, who so kindly recommended my ap- 
 pointment as Commissioner of the State to the World's Indus- 
 trial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, I tender my sincere 
 thanks for the distinguished honor conferred upon me, and 
 trust that my acts as Commissioner have met youi- approbation. 
 I also desire to tender my grateful acknowledgments to the 
 Honorable members of the 44th General Assembly of Ten- 
 nessee, and to my assistants, who gave me substantial and 
 intelligent aid in all the details connected with Tennessee's 
 State exhibit, viz: Louis B. MeWhirter, Acting Commis- 
 sioner; Major H. C. Bate, Thomas G. Cox, Charles L. 
 Jungermann, John H. Hillman, J. B. Bosley, Charles E. 
 
(60) 
 
 Robert, Miss Sallie B. Morgan aud Mrs. Mary Dupree, all of 
 Xashville, Teim. ; John H. Ballock, of Franklin, Tenn. ; Robert 
 Gates and lady, of Jackson, Tenn.; S. L. Campbell, of Mor- 
 ristown, Tenn.; B. B. Smith, of Trenton, Tenn.; ^Y. T. Os- 
 born, of Union City, Tenn.; Dr. A. M. D. Hendrickson, of 
 Springiield, Tenn.; E. II. Cravens, of Chattanooga, Tenn.; M. 
 A. Consadiue, of Xashville, Tenn.; AV. B. McMullen, of Knox- 
 ville, Tenn.; J. A. J. Higgs, of Paris, Tenn.; S. A. McElwee, 
 of Brownsville, Tenn.; G. E. Evans, of Memphis, Tenn.; Will. 
 T. Hale, of Liberty, Tenn.; Preston E. Hall, of New Orleans, 
 La.; Miss Xannie R. Lylc, of Xew Orleans, La.; J. C. Xapier, 
 of Xashville, Tenn. ; R. D. Goodwyn, of White, Tenn. ; Mr. 
 Ed. Craig, of Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 We return our sincere thanks for substantial favors extended 
 to us (without which it would have been impossible for your 
 Commissioner to have made so creditable an exhibit of the re- 
 sources and agricultural products of Tennessee), to the officers 
 and managers of East Tenn., Ya. & Ga. Railroad, Louisville & 
 Xashville Railroad, Cincinnati, Xew Orleans & Texas Pacific 
 Railroad, Illinois Central Railroad, Xashville, Chattanooga & 
 St. Louis Railroad, Mobile & Ohio Railroad, Chesapeake, Ohio 
 & Southwestern Railroad, Tenn.. Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., and 
 the Rogersville & Jefferson Railroad. 
 
 We accepted the trust reposed, and have with fidelity en- 
 deavored to perform the duties assigned us. We have worked 
 earnestly and faithfully, with no motive other than to serve the 
 exhibitors and the State in the most creditable manner. We 
 may, and doubtless have, committed errors and mistakes (and 
 who has not?), but they have been errors of judgment, not of 
 the heart. Some may, and doubtless will, criticise our acts. 
 We are fully aware that it would be a moral impossibility to 
 please all. We feel conscious in our own heart that our acts 
 have been just between those our official duties brought us in 
 contact with, aud with the State. AVe have labored under 
 many difficulties and disadvantages. Our entire energv has 
 been in ihe work, and we have done all that we could, under 
 the circumstances, for the best interest of the State. AVe have 
 not done all that we desired, nor have we been able to accom- 
 
(61) 
 
 plish what we desired. Our hands were for a time in a measure 
 tied, by lack of assistance from those who were to be most 
 benefited, and for means to do with; but, with the correction 
 of these matters to a certain extent, we have striven to do our 
 whole duty to the State. 
 
 The sum appropriated by the 44th General Assembly of 
 Tennessee, at the time apparently large, has already been re- 
 turned to the State more than ten-fold, and with the object 
 lessons taught all English-speaking people, by the exhibit of 
 our natural resources of forest, mine and stream, and the prod- 
 ucts of our soil, an impetus will be given to foreign capital, 
 brain and brawn which will continue to flow into our borders 
 for the next quarter of a century. 
 
 Of the 8,000 famihes, and more than |50,000,000 capital that 
 have found lodgment in Tennessee since 1882, we credit by far 
 the largest portion of it to the exhibits made by the State at 
 Boston and Louisville in 1883, and iN'ew Orleans in 1885-6. 
 At these places we were brought face to face with tne people 
 who speak our own language — honest and industrious citizens 
 of States less favored than Tennessee — who desired a more 
 genial climate and more productive soil, and with capitalists 
 seeking investments in mineral and timber lands and in manu- 
 facturing; they appreciated our bounteous offering of resource 
 and are pouring in upon us from every quarter of the United 
 States. From Dakota, l!Tebraska, Kansas, "Wisconsin, Min- 
 nesota, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, ISTew 
 York, Massachusetts and Virginia, and from Florida, the Land, 
 of Flowers, they have and will continue to come. 
 
(62) 
 
 EXPOSITIOX FUXI). 
 
 By au Act of the Forty-fourth General Assembly of Tennes- 
 see, recited on the 11th page of this report, the sum of ten 
 thoiisand dollars was appropriated by the State, said sum to be 
 used by your Commissioner to complete and arrange, care for 
 and return to Xashville, Tenn., the exhibit then being made by 
 the State at the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Ex- 
 position, Xew Orleans, La. In addition to this sum your Com- 
 missioner has realized from the A\"omans' Work Department, 
 through Mrs. Felicia Grundy Porter, Commissioner of the 
 Womans' Work Department for Tennessee, paid to her by Mrs. 
 Howe, S92.62; from sale of pig iron after Exposition closed, 
 §38.79 ; from sale of furniture, carpet and curtains, 865.00, 
 making a grand total of §10,196.41. He has expended, as per 
 vouchers Nos. 1 to 507 inclusive, examined and approved by 
 your Excellency, 110,936.31— the balance of 8739.90 he ad- 
 vanced out of his own private funds. These vouchers are de- 
 posited in the Fourth IS'ational Bank of Nashville, Tenn., and 
 will be submitted to the Committee whenever it may be ap- 
 pointed by the Forty-fifth General Assembly to examine and 
 report upon them. 
 
 It will be seen by vouchers on file that compensations were 
 paid to our assistants in charge of the Tennessee State exhibit 
 proper, the Womans' Work and Art Department, the Educa- 
 tional and Colored exhibit, each located separatel}' in the Gov- 
 ernment Building, and required the personal care and explana- 
 tion to visitors by a competent person. Just here we would re- 
 port that a majority of these assistants were recommended by 
 members of the Forty-fourth General Assembly. These com- 
 pensations were in no case extravagant, only a fair recompense 
 for services rendered. Xo compensation or allowance what- 
 ever has been retained or used by myself above legitmate and 
 necessary expenses. 
 
 With the filing of this report my ofiieial duties as Commis- 
 
(G3) 
 
 sioner of the United States and for Teuuessee at the World's 
 Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition of 1884-85 close. 
 My official relations with the management of this, the greatest 
 Exposition held on this continent, the United States and for- 
 eign Commissioners, State and railroad officials and others, 
 have been of the most agreeable character, and I shall carry 
 with me through life the highest feeling of personal regard for 
 them all. 
 
 The record is made, and I submit it for your favorable con- 
 sideration, trusting that my labor and report may meet the ap- 
 probation of both yourself and each of the individual members 
 of the Forty-fifth General Assembly of Tennessee. 
 
 I am, sir, with great respect, 
 
 A. J. McWhikter, 
 
 U. S. Commissioner for Tennessee. 
 
 Nashville, K'ovember 1, 1886. 
 
(64) 
 
 TEXXESSEE PKOGRESS. 
 
 (Times-Democrat, September 1.'^, 18*6.) 
 
 To friends of Southern development the statistics of recent material progress in 
 the great State of Tennessee will just now appear of greater interest than even 
 their intrinsic importance would warrant, for the reason that the distintruished 
 public man tbrough whose able administration of the State's Department of Agri- 
 culture, Statistics, Mines and Immigration the greater part of the advancement we 
 shall refer to has been achieved, is about to retire from office, after an incumbency 
 of several terms, and entirely at his own desire. 
 
 A great many readers of the Times- Democrat are personally or by reputation 
 acquainted with Col. A. J. JlcWhirter, who as Tennessee Commissioner to the 
 World's Fair, one of the Vice-Presidents of the second New Orleans Exposition 
 and President of the Southern Immigration Society, has been a notable and fa- 
 miliar figure in the history of general Southern movement during the past years. 
 In all this time while devoting much labor to the cause of the New South at large, 
 Col. McWhirter has been doing wonderful and successful work in the direction of 
 the development of the agricultural, mineral and industrial resources of his own 
 commonwealth. Under his administration of the progressive powf r of Tennes- 
 see's government, a new prosperity has been born within her borders. The rich 
 agricultural and pastoral sections of Middle and West Tennessee, the former quite 
 the peer of Kentuckj-'s blue-grass region, have received large accessions of popu- 
 lation and capital, while Eastern Tennessee, which until a few years ago was 
 widely regarded as a region fit only for railway ties, saw logs and "moonshine" 
 whisky, is now rapidly becoming the habitat of a vast aggregation of industries, 
 small and great, and all working up the splendid natural resonrces of that division 
 in iron, coal, lumber and so on, at a rate entitling the State to rank as without a 
 superior in the list of growing and gaining Southern communities. 
 
 Some time ago, in reply to a question from this journal regarding the progress- 
 of immigration in Tennessee, Col. McWhirter wrote; 
 
 " We have not planted a single colony of foreigners upon our soil since IS'^S, 
 but we have succeeded in establishing as permaneLt citizens of our State more 
 than 7,500 families of farmers, skilled mechanics, merchants, bankers and pro- 
 fessional men. We have ninety-six counties, in some of which we have planted 
 more than 500 families of English-speaking, virtuous and industrious citizens from 
 the States North and Northwest." 
 
 In noting the results of this individual and family immigration Col. McWhirter 
 has often called attention to the fact thnt he has been much aided in his efforts to 
 attract it \>y the wise liberality of Tennessee railways, who have regularly ex- 
 tended excursio'i. and sometimes cheaper rates to him, for the benefit of all le- 
 gitimate land-seekers. In a recent letter he wrote: 
 
(65) 
 
 "Besides the cash and personal propert}- each head of a family brings with him, 
 we estimate the money value of every male citizen of twenty-one years of age at 
 not less than $1,000; because it has cost the State from which he emigrated that 
 much to feed, clothe and educate him." 
 
 From the very carefully collated statistics of Col. McWhirler's department for 
 the current year we learn that agriculture was never more prospe ous or upon a 
 better basis. Farmers have generally absorbed the spirit of the times, and a 
 greater amount of enterprise than ever before, combined with advanced and scien- 
 tiiic methods, is everywhere noticeable. 
 
 The area devoted to wheat (this year's crop) amounted to a fraction more than 
 1,000,000 acres, and has averaged Ic! bushels per acre, against 1 bushels in 1880. 
 "Very little rye was planted last year, but the average yield was about 1 bushels 
 per acre, against 5 bushels in 18S0. The area devoted to the oat crop was about 
 oil, 000 acres, which yielded an average of 12J bushels per acre. The acreage 
 planted to Indian corn was 2,900,000 acres, which, from present indications, will 
 average 20 bushels per acre, or aggregate 58,000,000 bushels. Barley, like rye, is 
 not one of Tennessee's crop products, there not being more than about 4,000 acres 
 planted to this cereal, which averages about 30 bushels per acre. The acreage 
 planted to tobacco is much greater than it was in 1880, and aggregates not less 
 than 45,000 acres, which, from present indications, will yield an average of 800 
 pounds per acre, or a crop total of .36,000,000 pounds. 
 
 The total area sown to the grasses for hay appears to be 250,000 acres, w^hich 
 will average one ton to the acre. The total crop of clover-seed for 1886 is placed 
 at 12,200 bushels, and of grass-seed 24,250 bushels. Tennessee has 4,000,000 barn 
 yard and 2,250,000 other fowls. The egg crop for the year is stated at 20,000,000 
 dozens. Irish potatoes yield 1 900,000 bushels and sweet potatoes promise to give 
 a return of 2,640,000 bushels. The total value of orchard products is $675,000; of 
 garden products, sold, $312,000, and of forest products, $5,600,000. In the wool 
 industry, 526,000 fleeces of wool, weighing 1,5'78,000 pounds, have been sold. 
 Among dairy products we find that the butter made on Tennessee farms for the 
 year will aggregate 20,569,323 pounds. Following is the statement of live stock : 
 
 Total number of horses 298,053 
 
 Total number of mules and asses 194,307 
 
 Total number of work oxen 28,677 
 
 Total number of milch cows 340,368 
 
 Total number of other cattle 506,757 
 
 Total number of sheep (exclusive of lambs) 526,748 
 
 Total number of swine 2,268,495 
 
 The area planted in cotton amounts to 664,758 acres. The present prospects 
 are that 200 pounds of lint per acre will be realized. The total average of cotton- 
 seed was 400 pounds, and of seed cotton- 600 pounds per acre. 
 
 Col. McWhirter explains that there is a decrease in sheep, as compared with the 
 returns of 1880, amounting to 146,041 head — all chargeable to the dogs of the 
 State; and from the same cause a decrease in the wool crop of 340,295 pounds. 
 5 noe 
 
(66) 
 
 An emigration movement among the sheep-killing canines should be encouraged. 
 Compared with 1880, corn production shows a, decrease of 4,764,429 bushels, and 
 orchard products, in value, $244,844. The acreage planted to cotton has also de- 
 creased by 57,804 acres and the crop by 39,674 bales. The following table gives 
 the items of increase over the returns of 1880 : 
 
 Wheat, bushels 5,668,64" 
 
 Oats, bushels 170,184 
 
 Barley, bushels 89,081 
 
 Tobacco, pounds 6,634,94^ 
 
 Hay, tons 63,302 
 
 Clover seed, bushels — 5.211 
 
 Grass seed, bushels 5,902 
 
 Poultry, barn-yard, head 617,733 
 
 Poultry, other, head 330,546 
 
 Eggs, dozens 3,652.518 
 
 Irish potatoes, bushels 545,519 
 
 Sweet potatoes, bushels 270,099 
 
 Horses, head 31,934 
 
 Mules and asses, head 20,809 
 
 Working oxen, head 1 365 
 
 Milch cows, head 36,468 
 
 Other cattle, head 54,295 
 
 Swine, head 108,000 
 
 Pounds of butter made on farms 2,682,954 
 
 Garden products S 83,731 
 
 Forestproduots 1,873,184 
 
 During the year 1880 there were not fifty oar-loads of marble shipped from Knox 
 and Hawkins Counties respectively. The shipments of variegated marble from 
 these counties in 1886 will aggregate 1,000 car-loads. 
 
 In 1880 Tennessee produced only 78,000 tons of pig iron, and in 1883 only 133,- 
 000 tons. Basing our calculation upon the present weekly output, she will pro- 
 duce in 1886 328,600 tons, or very near one-half as much as was produced in all 
 the Southern States in 1880. 
 
 The products of cotton, woolen,- ice, cotton-seed oil and other miUs average more 
 than 100 per cent, more per annum than in 1880. 
 
 The capital now employed in the State is 822,250,000 greater than in 1882, and 
 the population of the commercial and industrial cities has increased in a more 
 rapid ratio. For example, in 1880 Knoxville had a population of 9,693, and now 
 has 28,000; Chattanooga had 12,892, and now has 30,000; Nashville had 43,350, 
 and now has 70,000; Memphis had 33,592, and now has 75,000; Jackson had 5,377, 
 and now has 10,000. 
 
 The development of iron, coal, structural material and the lumber interests of 
 Tennessee has been marvelous within the past six years. But there is still room 
 for further progress in all these. Stewart and Dickson Counties have but one fur- 
 nace each in blast, where four or five should be in operation. Lawrence, Wayne. 
 
(67) 
 
 Hickman and Perry have enough iron ore to employ half a dozen furnaces each 
 for 100 years, and the same may be said of Marion, Sequatchie, Roane, Sevier, 
 Washington, Carter, Unicoi and Sullivan Counties. The total production of coal 
 in 1885 amounted to 1,000,000 tons, and coke 268,425 tons. 
 
 Statistics like the foregoing are their ewn best commentary, and while it is not 
 to be doubted that Tennessee will go on prospering and winning new laurels in ag- 
 riculture and industry, there will be few among the leading and thinking men of 
 progress in the South who will not feel lively regret that Col. McWhirter's direct- 
 ing hand, to which a great deal of recent material growth in Tennessee is plainly 
 due, is to be withdrawn so soon from the helm of the Department of Agriculture, 
 Statistics, Mines and Immigration. He is one of the few specially fit public ser- 
 vants of whom it can be truthfully said that an equally able and efficient successor 
 will be difficult to find. 
 
(68) 
 
 OFFICEES AND ASSISTANTS. 
 
 A. J. McWhietee U. S. Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 John Slack Alternate Bristol, Tenn. 
 
 Louis B. McWhirtkr Acting Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 H. C. Bate Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 William Stockell Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Thomas G. Cox Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Charles L. Jungermann Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 John H. Hillman Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 M. A. CoNSADiNE Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 John H. Bullock Assistant Commissioner Franklin, Tenn. 
 
 Robert Gates Assistant Commissioner Jackson, Tenn. 
 
 S. L. Campbell Assistant Commissioner Morristown, Tenn. 
 
 B. B. Smith Assistant Commissioner Trenton, Tenn. 
 
 W. T. Osborne Assistant Commissioner Union City, Tenn. 
 
 Dr. a. M. D. Hendrixson Assistant Commissioner Springfield, Tenn. 
 
 "W. M. McMullen Assistant Commissioner Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 J. A. J. HiGGS Assistant Commissioner Paris, Tenn. 
 
 Will T. Hale Assistant Commissioner Liberty, Tenn. 
 
 Preston P. Hall Assistant Commissioner New Orleans, La. 
 
 E. D. GoODWTN Assistant Commissioner White, Tenn. 
 
 Ed. Craig Assistant Commissioner Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 r Lady Commissioner, in 
 Mrs. Felicia G. Porter ■! charge of Woman's 
 
 (. Work and Art Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Dupree Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 JIiss Sallie B. Morgan Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 ■iu-Tc„ M . „„,„ -D I „, „ /In charge of Education 
 
 Miss Nannie R. Ltle 1 Department New Orleans, La. 
 
 COLORED EXHIBIT. 
 
 J. C. Napier Commissioner for State Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 J. B. BosLEY Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 S. A. McElwee Assistant Commissioner Brownsville, Tenn. 
 
 G. E. Evans Assistant Commissioner Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 E. H. Cravens Assistant Commissioner Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Stoddard Assistant Commissioner Nashville, Tenn. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
CATALOGUE OF COI^TEIBUTORS. 
 
 (alphabetically arranged.) 
 
 A 
 
 Allen, Green, Wolf Creek ; manganese. 
 
 Adams, Daniel, Nashville; two large chairs, one hat-rack, two horse-tail fly- 
 brushes, two horns, two riding whi{ s. 
 
 Armstrong, Miss, Knoxville; two oil paintings. 
 
 Atkins, J. A., Montgomery County; red rust-proof oats. 
 
 Anderson County; splendid display of iron ore, coal, corn, wheat and orchard 
 grass. 
 
 Abernathy, T. 0., Giles County; rye, corn, wheat and oafs. 
 
 Anderson, John F., Franklin County; coal, sandstone, corn and wheat. 
 
 Arnold, J. M. & G. D., Henderson County; one bale of cotton. 
 
 Abernathy, Mrs., Pulaski; one shawl, one piece of embroidery. 
 
 Armstrong, Miss A., Knoxville; five oil paintings. 
 
 Achey. Miss C, Clarksville; two mats. 
 
 Asby, Miss, Nashville; one piece of lace. 
 
 Adams, Miss, Nashville; two cards of lace. 
 
 Austin School, Nashville; two pieces of wood. 
 
 J. B. A. & Co., Nashville; one bale of cotton. 
 
 Armstrong, Mrs. J., Rogersville; one piece of marble. 
 
 Brooks, Louis J., Jackson; one copy West Tennessee Whig, printed on white 
 satin. 
 
 Burnett, J. C, Morristown; five specimens variegated marble. 
 
 Bear, Jos., Morristown; hydraulic cement, 
 
 Breiner, A., Witt's Foundry; six specimens zinc ore. 
 
 Bowen, J. P., Bowen PostofSce; specimens brown hematite iron ore. 
 
 Burnett, S. A , Newport; specimens white beans and peas, colored beans, wheat. 
 
 Brown, L. N., Madison County; specimens sorghum and amber wheat. 
 
 Brooks, Mrs. L., Memphis; handsome crazy quilt. 
 
 Barry, Mrs. W. A., Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Browder, Howson, Montgomery County; wheat. 
 
 Browson, J., Montgomery County; dried apples. 
 
 Bills, C. D., Montgomery County; yellow corn in ear. 
 
 Bedford County; splendid display of corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, cotton and 
 all the grasses. 
 
 Benton County; good display of corn, wheat, oats and clover. 
 
 Bradley County; good display of grass seed, clover, corn and wheat. 
 
(72) 
 
 Bland, S. D., Montgomery County; third premium corn. 
 
 Brown, Campbell, Spring Hill; excellent displaj- of corn in ear and twenty-six 
 pictures of animals. 
 
 Baugh, J. H., Franklin; corn in ear. 
 
 Boynton, Lewis, Farmingdale; corn, wheat. 
 
 Bass, W. J., Nashville; gold-mounted cane presented to Hon. John Bell bj' Balie 
 Peyton. 
 
 Bonner, Miss Lizzie, Fayetteville; painted plaque, four painted China plates. 
 
 Beattie & Co., Memphis; two marble burial caskets. 
 
 Brady, Miss May, Pulaski; picture. 
 
 Banks, Mrs. G. C. (col.); one tidy, one shawl. 
 
 -Bell, Montgomery Academy, Nashville; one picture, six maps, eight books. 
 
 Beechcroft College; one book. 
 
 Brooks, Mr?., Nashville; one piece wax-work. 
 
 Beech, Mrs., Nashville; ginseng. 
 
 Bradlej', Mr., Knoxville; one jack. 
 
 Brown, Jane, Nashville; one tidy. 
 
 Blakey, B., Nashville, one cap. 
 
 Brown, Mrs. F. A., Memphis; one piece embroidery. 
 
 Brown, Emily H., Nashville; one piece lace. 
 
 Bradley, M. S., Pulaski; two paintings. 
 
 Barry, Mrs., Nashville; one oil painting, one plaque. 
 
 Barrett, Miss S. F., Charleston; two pieces embroidered cloth. 
 
 Barker, Mrs., Pulaski; one puzzle ball. 
 
 Bell, Mrs. Jane S., Bell's Depot; samples of cloth. 
 
 Bibee, Mrs. J. M., Jacksboro; one quilt, three cushions, one pillow-sham, one 
 tidy, one banner, one embroidered dress, one bed spread. 
 
 Barfield, Mrs. B. W., Ripley, one cushion. 
 
 B. (0.); one bale cotton, owner unknown. 
 
 B., W. D.; one bale cotton, owner unknown ; turned over to Jurrej' & Gillis, 
 New Orleans. 
 
 Cussack, artist, Nashville; large painting in oil, "Lalla Rookh." 
 Cotton — four bales, marked W. R. D., Colliersville, Tenn. ; J. M. and G. D. Ar- 
 nold ; James Phillips ; turned over to Jurrey & Gillis, New Oideans. 
 
 Craig, R. D., Morristown; specimens of brown hematite iron ore and zinc ore. 
 
 Campbell, S. L., Morristown; specimens of manganese and zinc ore. 
 
 Croxdale, J. A., Morristown; specimens of spar, pipe clay and conglomerate. 
 
 Carter County; iron ore, marble, and twenty-one specimens of native woods. 
 
 Cooper, W., artist, Nashville; five handsome paintings. 
 
 Coleman, A. K , Montgomery County; white corn in ear. 
 
 Crockett County; fine display of farm prodncts and timber. 
 
 Cumberland County; splendid display in fruits and coal. 
 
 Clay County; splendid display of tobacco, corn and wheat. 
 
 Campbell County; splendid exhibit of minerals. 
 
 Cocke Countj'; excellent display of granite, iron ore and farm products. 
 
 Cartwright, J. B,, Goodlettsville; corn, wheat, rye and oats. 
 
(73) 
 
 Courtwright, A. L., Lawrenceburg; wheat and Hungarian grass. 
 
 Caldwell, Miss Bessie, Jackson ; two pioiures. 
 
 Cheatham, W. B., Nashville; Fultz wheat. 
 
 Cooley & Co., Nashville; broom corn. 
 
 Clark, M. H. & Bro., Clarksville; grand display of 365 samples of Tennessee 
 tobacco. 
 
 Currey, A. S., Trenton ; one sash and leather belt, captured at Shiloh. 
 
 Crutchfield, Paul D., Fayette Corner; one bale of cotton, delivered to Lehman 
 <&Co. 
 
 Collins, Mrs., Pulaski; two pin-cushions. 
 
 Crook, Polly, Henderson ; one quilt. 
 
 Colliprsville, Tenn.; one bale of co'ton, not marked; turned over by us to Jur- 
 rey & Gillis, New Orleans. 
 
 Craig, John J. & Co., Knoxville; magnificent display of dressed marble slabs; 
 very attractive. 
 
 Columbia Institute, Columbia; one picture. 
 
 Colored Grammar School, Nashville; seven pictures. 
 
 Claiborne, Robert, Nashville; one shoe and hammer. 
 
 Campbell, Mr., Nashville; one water mill. 
 
 Claiborne, Miss, Nashville ; two pieces of lace. 
 
 Crockett, Miss, Nashville ; two sacks and one card lace. 
 
 Caudle, Miss E., Clarksville; one piece of embroidery. 
 
 Cooper, Miss, Clarksville; one piece of embroidery and one picture. 
 
 Central Tennessee College, Nashville; seventeen aprons, one sun-bonnet, three 
 •collars, two shams, one piece of embroidery, two dresses, one shawl, one pair of 
 mats, one mat, one tidy, thirteen samples of sewing, twelve pieces of lace, and 
 ■one handkerchief. 
 
 Campbell, Miss, Pulaski ; one picture. 
 
 Calvert, Miss, Nashville; one picture. 
 
 Cornelius, Miss, Nashville ; one plaque and one oil painting. 
 
 Champe, Miss A. C, Nashville; one drawing. 
 
 Childers, Mrs. J. B., Pulaski; one china plaque, two china vases, and one brass 
 plaque. 
 
 Campbell, Mrs. M. C, Macon; one spread and one tidy. 
 
 Crowe, Mrs., Pulaski; one embroidered skirt, one box of lace, and two pieces of 
 sewing. 
 
 Carter, Mrs. C, Somerville; two boxes of lace. 
 
 Cotton— five bales, without name, marked C. H., J. G., M. G., L. S., W. D. B. ; 
 in warehouse. 
 
 D 
 
 Dougherty Marble Quarry, Hawkins County; three elegant marble slabs. 
 Dillion, J. A., Union City; a fancy work stand. 
 Davis, Miss, Nashville ; one pair of shams. 
 Davis, Mrs. N., Bridgeport; specimen of onions. 
 
 Dury, Geo., artist, Nashville; five handsome paintings — Nimrod, Venus, Swing- 
 ing Girl, Gov. Bate and Commissioner McWhirter. 
 
(74) 
 
 Dyer County; magnificent display of field and garden products, and one of the 
 best in the exhibition of native woods. 
 
 Davidson County; grand display of the products of field, garden, orchard and 
 forest, admirably arranged. 
 
 DeKalb County; fine display of corn, wheat, oats and the grasses. 
 
 Dickson County; splendid display of iron ore?, corn, wheat, oats and good fruit. 
 
 Davis, L. H., Nashville; premium white corn in ear. 
 
 Dill, I. L., Lebanon; corn in ear. 
 
 Douglass, R. E., Henry County; corn in ear. 
 
 D., W. R., one bale of cotton, W. R. Dickerson, Giles County; and it was turned 
 over to Jurrey & Gillis, New Orleans. 
 
 D., M. A. M.; one bale of cotton. 
 
 M D P I ""^ ^^'^ °^ cotton. 
 
 Dickerson, Mrs., Pulaski; one box of embroidery, two banners. 
 Dismukes, Mrs., Pulaski; one box of lace. 
 
 Davis, Mrs.; two old dresses, one piece of embroidery, delivered to Commissioner 
 C. J. Barrow, Louisiana. 
 Driver, A., Nashville; one picture. 
 
 Dabney, Emma, Nashville; one piece of embroiderj', one cushion. 
 Daniel, Miss P. A., Memphis; threq pieces of lace. 
 Dougherty, Mrs., Nashville; one cap, one sack. 
 Demming, Miss, Nashville; one shawl. 
 
 E 
 
 Elliott, Jos.; Fultz wheat. 
 Edge, Thos., Nashville; corn in ear. 
 Edwards, Mrs., Nashville; one cap. 
 Ezell, Miss, Pulaski; two drawings. 
 Ewing. J. J., Chattanooga; one patent. 
 
 Flinn, Wm., Morristown; yellow ochre and dark ochre. 
 Fulkerson, T. G., Tazewell; ores — iron, zinc, etc. 
 Frizzell, Miss Maud, Ward's Seminary, Nashville; one oil painting. 
 Fletcher, Miss H., Ward's Seminary, Nashville; one oil painting. 
 Fayette County; excellent display of cotton, corn, hay, wheat, oats, German 
 millet, Hungarian, herd's and orchard grasses. 
 
 Franklin County; splendid display of field and grass seeds. 
 
 Fentress County; splendid display of coal and timber. 
 
 Fisher, Miss Annie L., Athens; fancy work. 
 
 French, Mrs. L. Virginia, Nashville; one embroidered quilt. 
 
 Frizzell, Miss, Nashville; three pieces spatter work. 
 
 Fisher, Miss A., Athens; four wood panels. 
 
 Fisk University, Nashville; two pictures, six bottles, one case. 
 
 French, E. H. Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Fort, Miss M., Clarksville; one piece of lace. 
 
(75) 
 
 Franklin Female Collesre, Franklin ; five paintings, two plaques, one panel, one 
 piece of embroidery, nineteen volumes of examination papers. 
 
 Forest, Capt. Wm , Memphis; one oil portrait of Gen. N. B. Forrest, sword, 
 sash, one pair of spurs, one bullet rolled up in sash of Gen. N. B. F. 
 
 G 
 
 Gleaves, Mrs. B. F., Hermitage; Fultz wheat. 
 
 Gordon Bros., Giles County; corn. Shaker wheat, stock peas. 
 
 Gaut, John & Son, Knoxville; three varieties of wheat and three of oats. 
 
 Gracey, Capt. F. M., Clarksville; one picture case, iron ore, etc. 
 
 Goodman College, Nashville; teven pictures, specimens penmanship, book- 
 keeping, drawing, etc. 
 
 Greene, Miss, Nashville; three cards lace. 
 
 Godfrey, Miss A., Pulaski; one picture, one old shawl, one piece French em- 
 broidery, one snuff box, one tobacco box. 
 
 Gentry, Mi.ss Sue, Franklin; two paintings in oil, two plaques, ore picture. 
 
 Gattinger, Miss.M., Nashville; one banner, two pictures. 
 
 Gale, Mrs. M. H., Nashville; one hat, one lace handkerchief 
 . Gibbs, Miss Lou; one blanket, one mat, one spread, one piece fringe, one piece 
 cloth. 
 
 Graham, Mrs., Pulaski; one lace handkerchief. 
 
 Goodrich, Mrs. J., Knoxville; two scarfs. 
 
 Garnewell, M. A., Jackson; one quilt. 
 
 G., J.; one bale cotton; in warehouse June 5, 1885; owner unknown. 
 
 G., M.; one bale cotton; in warehouse June 5, 1885; owner unknown. 
 
 Gale, Miss Ella, Nashville; onf crazy quilt. 
 
 Goodwyn, R. D., White; bale cotton, blue grass, herd's-grass, red clover and red 
 rust-proof oats. 
 
 Goodman, Miss L., Ward's Seminary, Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Griffith. J. D., Madison County; red wheat, red clover seed. 
 
 Giles County; splendid display of cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, garden 
 and orchard products, limestone and timber. 
 
 Grainger County; fine display of field and garden products. 
 
 Grundy County; excellent display of coal, coke, lime and sandstone, fruit and na- 
 tive wine. 
 
 Greene County; splendid display of farm products and timber. 
 
 Goostree, R. G., Clarksville; corn in ear. 
 
 Gibbs, Miss Lou, Jackson: fancy work. 
 
 H 
 
 Harlan, A. B., Columbia; corn in ear. 
 
 Harris, E., Gallatin; corn in ear. 
 
 Hord, B. M., Nashville; corn in ear. 
 
 Hicks, Edward, Nashville; corn in ear. 
 
 Hutton, J. D., White's Creek; corn in ear. 
 
 Harwell, Madison, Giles County; corn in ear, garden seeds and fruits. 
 
 Hammond, Oscar, Morristown ; variegated marble. 
 
(76) 
 
 Hnff, T. B., Wolfe Creek; silver quartz, specular in n ore, granite and baryta. 
 
 Hu£F, L. B , Big Creek; tobacco. 
 
 Huff, J. A., Bridgeport; cotton and wool. 
 
 Hussej', Rev. J. A., Newport; peanuts. 
 
 Horton, Yokum & Co., Johnson City, Tenn. ; splendid specimen of leather. 
 
 Heiskell, J. H. ; Randall grass, Johnson grass, and lall naeadow-oat grass seed. 
 
 Hopper, H. F., Madison County; red wheat 
 
 Henry County; grand display of field, garden and orchard products; also of 
 native woods. 
 
 Henderson County; fine display of agricultural and forestry products. 
 
 Hickman County; excellent display of iron ores, corn and wheat. 
 
 Hardeman County; excellent display of clover, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, 
 orchard and herd's-grass. 
 
 Hamilton County; magnificent display of coal, iron cres and fruits. 
 
 Humphreys County; splendid display of corn, wheat, peanuts and timber. 
 
 Hamblen County ; excellent display of farm products, ores and woods. 
 
 Hardin County; good display of farm products; excellent display of cement. 
 
 Hawkins County ; magnificent display of marbles, Randall grass, and all farm 
 products. 
 
 Haywood County; splendid display of farm products and timber. 
 
 Houston County ; good display of farm products, limestone and fruit. 
 
 Hougton, Miss Louise, Jackson ; fancy work. 
 
 Hinkle, Mrs. Elizabeth ; fancy work and one scarf. 
 
 Hoffstetter, C, Hermitage; corn, oats, wheat and native wine. 
 
 Hessy, L. C, Davidson County; wheat. 
 
 Hughes, T. W., Hermitage; wheat, barley, oats, corn and clover. 
 
 Henderson, M. W., Nashville; wheat and oats. 
 
 H., C. ; one bale of cotton, in warehouse, June 5, 1885 ; owner unknown. 
 
 Horton, J. C, Pulaski; one water wheel. 
 
 Hendricks, Mrs. M. B., Memphis ; one lap-robe and two pair of hose. 
 
 Hessie, Mrs. M., Knoxville ; one lace dress. 
 
 Hume, Mrs., Knoxville; two banners. 
 
 Hoffman, Mrs., Pulaski; one piece of lace. 
 
 Holt, Mrs., Campbellsville ; one pair of hand-made blankets. 
 
 Huger, Mrs. K. M., Knoxville ; four oil paintings. 
 
 Harper, Mrs., Nashville; two pictures. 
 
 Hillyer, Mrs. H. L., Nashville ; one oil painting. 
 
 Healey, Mrs., Nashville; one painting. 
 
 Hines, Miss L., Memphis; one quilt. 
 
 Hughes, Miss, Nashville; one box of flowers. 
 
 Henderson, Mrs., Nashville; one piece of embroidery. 
 
 Hendricks, Mrs., Nashville ; one piece of embroidery. 
 
 Howard Graded School, Clarksville; four books. 
 
 Howard School, Nashville ; examination papers. 
 
 Hooser, Rosa, Nashville ; one tidy. 
 
 Harper, S. E., Nashville; one shawl. 
 
 Historical Society, Tennessee, Nashville ; portraits in oil of, viz ; Henry Clay, 
 Butler Patton Anderson, John Bell, Aaron V. Brown, W. T. Haskell, David 
 
(77) 
 
 Crockett, Gov. William Cairoll, Sam. Houston, Gov Sevier, Dr. Palmer, Gov. 
 William B. Bate, James K. Polk, Andrew Jackson, and Mrs. Rachel Jackson. 
 
 Hill, G. W., Dandridge; rifle used bj' David Crockett. 
 
 Houghton, Miss L , Jackson; oie oil painting and one plaque. 
 
 Henderson, Miss, Nashville; one cap. 
 
 Jackson Graded School, Jackson; nine pictures. 
 
 Jackson City Schools, Jackson; six pictures, twenty-four examination books. 
 
 Johnson, Miss, Clarksville; one sack. 
 
 Judd, Mrs. S. C, Nashville; one mosaic quilt. 
 
 Jackson, Mrs. Andrew, Hermitage; one gold watch and chain, one gold pencil, 
 one gold seal, one gold breastpin, one gold-mounted sword, scabbard and belt, one 
 box made out of the wood of the ship Constitution, one silver medal in case, one 
 piece of wood of the chamber floor of Napoleon St. Helena, one portrait of Gen. 
 Santa Anna on ivory, proof-sheet of veto message and quil pen with which it was 
 written, one tallow candle and paper surrender of Lord Cornwallis, one medal in 
 wood of the elm-tree under which the treaty was signed, one hymn-book, one Bible, 
 one Bible in Latin, one pipe made from the stone of the Alamo, pen-holder at- 
 tached to letter, snuS^ box presented by Lafayette, one cup, one saucer, one Ma- 
 sonic apron, one carved cane, one ebony cane, one gold-headed cane, one dressing 
 gown, three medals State of Tennessee, one Turkish scimiter, one leather hat-box 
 and one hat, one invalid chair, library chair of Gen. George Washington, presented 
 to Gen. Andrew Jackson; all the property of President Andrew Jackson. 
 
 Jones, W. A., Morristown; buckeye, red oak, poplar, wild cherry, cucumber, 
 hickory, red cedar, maple, beech, holly, pin oak, white oak, honey locust, ash, linn, 
 mulberry, ivy, chestnut oak, post oak, dogwood, walnut, limestone. 
 
 Johnson, M. T., Tate Springs; timothy and wheat. 
 
 Jarnegan, J., Jarnegan's Station; brown hematite ore. 
 
 Johnson, M. T., Montgomery County; rust-proof oats. 
 
 Jackson County; good display of tobacco, corn, wheat and timber. 
 
 Johnson Countj'; good display of farm products, iron ore and timber. 
 
 Jefferson County; splendid display of minerals and all farm products. 
 
 Jarmon, W. H., Brentwood; corn in ear. 
 
 Jobe, S. J., New Orleans; one walking cane. 
 
 Jefferson County Clerk, Daudridge; one marriage bond and license of David 
 Crockett. 
 
 K 
 
 Knox County; magnificent display of marbles, woods and farm products of all 
 kinds. 
 
 Kline, Mrs., Pulaski; one inkstand and pen-holder. 
 Knoxville City School, Knoxville ; five volumes examination papers. 
 Knoxville Marble Company, Knoxvil'e; specimens variegated marble. 
 Kennedy, Miss C, Clarksville; one shawl. 
 
(78) 
 L 
 
 Lilly, H , Morristown; six specimens zinc ore and six manganese. 
 
 Lawrence Countj'; splendid display of iron ores and timber, good in farm pro- 
 ducts and fruits. 
 
 Lincoln County; splendid display of all farm products. 
 
 Lake County; splendid display of corn, cotton and wheat. 
 
 Lauderdale County; excellent display of farm products, ochre and timber. 
 
 Lewis County; fair display of corn and wheat. 
 
 Loudon County; splendid display of wheat and corn and the grasses and clover. 
 
 Lanier Mills, Nashville; wheat. 
 
 Lewis, Mrs. John, Nashville; one embroidered cushion. 
 
 Lawrence, Miss, Nashville; two oil paintings. 
 
 Lindsey, Miss, Nashville; one drawing. 
 
 Lowry, Mrs., Murfreesboro; one oil painting. 
 
 Landers, Miss L., Nashville; one shawl. 
 
 Lanier, Miss, Nashville; one cap. 
 
 Lock, Mrs. Mary, Nashville; one cap. 
 
 Lauderdale Institute, Ripley; one box relics. 
 
 Laurent, Ed, Nashville; one model house and patent door. 
 
 Latham, Mrs. J., Memphis; one painting in oil, roses. 
 
 Landreth, Prof Olin H., Vanderbilt University; drawing of Vanderbilt Univer- 
 sity and grounds, models of bridges, etc. 
 
 Lockett, Mrs., Knoxville; one oil painting 
 
 M 
 
 Morris, W. F., Bridgeport; dogwood, Indian relics, one swan stone, one duck 
 stone, sugar maple, hemlock, beech, corundum, baryta, linn block. 
 
 McNabb, J. C, Newport; red rust-proof oats, potatoes, haokberry, locust, holly, 
 white oak, hickory. 
 
 Morugg & Sons, Tracy City; apples and superior native wine. 
 
 Mitchell, Mrs. T. L., River Hill; cocoons, raw and spun silk, 
 
 Montgomery Courty Farmers Association, Clarksville; twenty-three boxes of 
 seeds, eight bales of hay, one bag of timothy seed, one barrel of sorghum, one 
 barrel of seeds, two large specimens of iron ore. 
 
 Morrow, Frank, Nashville; oil painting, 
 
 McNutt, Miss; oil-painted plaque, 
 
 McCoy, Miss Sallie, Mont Eagle; hemstitched handkerchief, quilt, swan, scarf, 
 two pieces of embroidery, 
 
 McBee, Mrs. Silas, Sewanee; Christmas card, hand-painted china plates, 
 
 Merriwether, C, N,, Montgomery County; red rust-proof oats, 
 
 Mather, S, D., Bellevideie; white corn, timothy, orchard, blue, red-top, Hunga- 
 rian and other grass seeds, clover seed. 
 
 McLemore, L. E., Madison County; red wheat. 
 
 Madison County; grand display of farm products, timbers, garden products, 
 fruits; artistically arranged. 
 
 Monroe County; good display of farm products. 
 
(79) 
 
 Marion County; splendid display of coal, iron ore, timber and corn. 
 Manley, Mrs., Pulaski; one piece of embroidery. 
 Missionary Society, Knoxville; one quilt. 
 
 McClelland, Mrs. Thos. G., Somerville; one baby sack, one lace handkerchief, 
 one quilt. 
 
 Maury County; splendid exhibit of cereals, cotton, fruits and woods. 
 Montgomery County; grand display of field and garden seeds, clover, tobacco 
 and iron ores. 
 
 McMinn County; splendid exhibit of ores, field and garden seed?, limestone and 
 timber. 
 
 Marshall County; fine display of farm products and timber. 
 Milam, W, W., Edgefield Junction; white corn. 
 Martin, J. B., Kingston; white corn in ear. 
 Mills, D. P., Hendersonville; white corn, 
 
 Morris, J, M., Grand Junction; corn, potatoes, cotton, wheat and kaolin. 
 McCorry, Miss C. A., Jackson; fancy work. 
 
 McNairy, Col. P. H., New Orleans; portraits of Judge McNairy, Sam Houston 
 and Dr. Boyd McNairy. 
 
 McWhlrter, A. J., Nashville; twenty-three photographs of Tennessee scenery. 
 Maryville Woolen Mills, Maryville; nine pieces of jeans, one pair of blankets, 
 seven bundles of white and colored yarn, one piece of flannel, one piece of plaid 
 flannel, four cards of buttons, four photographs, one piece of blue flannel, one 
 piece of red flannel. 
 
 Maynard, H. P., Tullahoma; seven cards of rubber printing stamps. 
 
 McKinney, Alfred, Rogersville; one set of harness. 
 
 McKinney, Miss, Rogersville; two mats, one sample. 
 
 May, Miss N., Clarksville; one tidy. 
 
 Mason, Miss Cassie E,, Jackson; one oil jjainting. 
 
 McKinney, Mrs, Samuel, Knoxville; one looking glass. 
 
 Meredith, W., Pulaski; three books. 
 
 McNairy, Miss, Pulaski; two pictures. 
 
 May, Miss B., Pulaski; one drawing. 
 
 Maury, Mrs. P. C, Nashville; two oil paintings. 
 
 Marshall, Miss Bennetta D., Trenton; two lace handkerchiefs. 
 
 N 
 
 Nelson, W. A.; timothy seed. 
 
 Norton, J. W., Kenton ; corn in ear. 
 
 Noah, Mrs. B. P., Nashville; one embroidered cushion. 
 
 Nashville Colored School; twenty-two volumes examination exercises. 
 
 Nashville Colored College; eleven volumes examination exercises. 
 
 Napier, J. C, Nashville; four pieces spatter work. 
 
 No name attached to following articles: One cotton doll, one pair pillow-shams 
 one cambric skirt, two crazy quilts, two pictures, two oil paintings, one pair mits 
 one pair socks, one piece lace, three mats, one cushion, four quilts, one piece lace 
 six quilts, four pictures, one tidy, one shawl, three caps, thirteen pieces lace one 
 picture, two quilts, one collar, one rug, one bundle shingles, one box paper boxes 
 <!ubcs, one b'^ok, one banner, three picture frames, three pictures. 
 
(80) 
 
 Nether]and, Miss A. B., Roirer.-ville; wax work, ontt cushion. 
 
 Nashville Public Schools; seven pictures. 
 
 Noel Mills, Nashville; samples of full process of grinding from the full grain of 
 wheat to the finest grade "f flour, al-o handsonielj- oil painted sacks containing 
 samples of all grades of flour. 
 
 Nelson, Mrs. L. A. C, Memphis; eight large, handsome oil paintings. 
 
 o 
 
 Ozier, Miss L., Ward's Seminary, Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Outlaw, W. P., Montgomery County; corn in ear, wheat, yellow and red corn. 
 
 Obion County; splendid display of tobacco, cotton, wheat, corn, oats, clover, 
 grasses and timber. 
 
 Overton County; fine displaj' of farm products. 
 
 O'Neal, J., Palmyra; corn in ear. 
 
 O'Neal, H. W., Nashville; com in ear. 
 
 Osborne, Mrs., Pulaski; one quilt. 
 
 Orphan Asylum, Nashville; one picture. 
 
 Osborne, W. T., Union City; one small bedstead, chain of wood, one large pic- 
 ture frame carved by hand. 
 
 Pearson, T. D., Madi-on County; red rust-proof oats, amber wheat, red wheat.. 
 
 Perkins, Miss Lucy, Ward's Seminary, Nashville; four oil paintings. 
 
 Putnam County; excellent display of coal and timber, good display of corn,, 
 wheat and tobacco. 
 
 Perry County; good display of peanuts, corn and wheat and iron ores. 
 
 Polk County; splendid display of copper ore, granite and sandstone, and good: 
 display of corn, wheat and rye. 
 
 Poston, W. T., Cairo; corn in ear. 
 
 Pierce, W. C; one bale cotton; tnrned over to Richardson, May & Co. 
 
 Pepper, Hon. W. W., Springfield; one cloth coat made by Andrew Johnson. 
 
 Price, Dr. G. W. F., Nashville College for Young Ladies; two drawings of Ti- 
 berius Burr, mounted, one of ancient Italy, one of modern Italy, one set (five)' 
 San Antonio, one set (three) Composition, one drawing — Neglected Art. 
 
 Player, Mrs. Emma, Nashville; two pieces embroidery. 
 
 Purdy, Miss Lizzie A., Henderson; three pieces Kensington psiinting, three- 
 pieces embroidery. 
 
 Pugh, Mrs. M. J., Ripley; one knitted dress. 
 
 PuUiam, Mrs., Somerville; one quilt. 
 
 Patterson, Mrs. C. L., Somerville ; one box lace, one lace handkerchief. 
 
 Patterson, Mrs. M., Somerville; one lace handkerchief, three lace collars. 
 
 Phillips, Miss Rosa, Pulaski; one pair slippers, three China plaques, one draw- 
 ing, one painting. 
 
 Porter, Miss Jennie, Nashville ; one oil painting. 
 
 Pierce, Mrs., Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Phillips, Miss E., Clarksville; one cushion. 
 
(81) 
 
 Pearson, Miss S., Rogersville; one quilt. 
 Peabody High School, Nashville; three examination papers. 
 Poole, R., Nashville; one picture. 
 
 Phillips, Jewett, Pulaski ; one bale cotton, marked No. 9fil ; turned over to Jur- 
 rey & Gillis, New Orleans. 
 
 Pierce, Mrs., Memphis; two oil paintings. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quarles, G. S , Murfreesboro ; clover seed. 
 
 R 
 
 Robinson, J. D., Morristown ; brown hematite ore, hydraulic cement, con- 
 glomerate. 
 
 Ramsey, Harvey, Morristown; corn in ear. 
 
 Robinson, W. G., Newport; flax seed. 
 
 Rorax, J. A., Bridgeport; corn in ear, shelled corn. 
 
 Robinson, Dan, Morristown; jimestone. 
 
 Randell, E. H., Ripley; corn, ochre, grain, woman's work. 
 
 Roblej', I. B., Jackson; potatoes, beets, parsnips, cotton, citron and pickles. 
 
 Robinson, J. A , Greeneville; twenty-eight sections of native wo ids, four planks, 
 iron ore, zinc ore, marble, limestone, etc. 
 
 Rives, R. F., Montgomery Count3'; premium clover seed, 
 
 Rawson, C. W., Montgomerjr County; white corn in ear. 
 
 Robertson Countyj splendid display of field, garden and orchard products. 
 
 Rutherford County; excellent exhibit of cotton, corn, wheat, oats, clover, orchard 
 and other grasses. 
 
 Roane County; splendid display of iron ore, coal, timber and good display in 
 corn and wheat. 
 
 Rhea County; excellent display in minerals and all farm and orchard products. 
 
 Reeves, H. C, Huntingdon; white corn. 
 
 Reeves, C , Trenton ; white corn. 
 
 Ramsey, J. G., Knoxville; corn in ear. 
 
 Raney, Horace, Columbia; splendid display of apples; took premium. 
 
 Rogan & Buffet, Rogersville ; Randall grass and seed. 
 
 Rhea, Mrs. M. E., Giles County; wheat, oats and clover. 
 
 Robinson, Bird M., Greeneville; one volume of Hexalpa, two Dechales, one 
 Webster's Dictionary of 1828, one Operum Phillip, two Joannis, One Thousand Two 
 Hundred Sermons on Deuteronomy, one Chronicle, one by Peter Vlartyo, one 
 Treatise General Council at Constantinople, one Mary Vere, one Sermon on St. 
 John, one Observations on Old Testament, one Treatise on Conscience, two Aris- 
 totle, one small volume of Hebrew, one razor, one meat knife, one coat made by 
 Andrew Johnson, sixteen boxes varieties of dried fruit. 
 
 Roger Williams University, Nashville; three volumes of examination papers. 
 
 Ross, Mrs., Nashville; one picture, one piece of lace. 
 Ryles, Mrs., Nashville; one piece ot lace. 
 Reed, Miss W., Clarksville; two tidies. 
 6 noe 
 
(82) 
 
 Roberts, Miss, Clarksville ; one hood. 
 
 Rice, Miss, Palaski; one painting, one drawing. 
 
 Robertson, Mrs. C, Pulaski; one plaque. 
 
 Rogers, Mrs., Pulaski; four boxes of laoe. 
 
 Reynolds, Mrs., Pulaski; one pair of hose, one spread. 
 
 Rawlins, Mrs. G. W., Knoxville; one banner. - 
 
 Smith, W. K., Newport; brown hematite iron ore, yellow ochre, red ochre, man- 
 ganese, slate. 
 
 Smalley, Robert, Rogersville; buckwheat. 
 
 Stokeley, J. B., Newport; orchard grass seed, corn in ear, white winter oats. 
 
 Stevens, John, Bridgeport; corn in ear. 
 
 Sweet, Robert, Spring Creek; pumpkin (84 lbs.), corn, etc. 
 
 Smith, Miss L. L., Ward's Seminary, Nashville; two oil paintings. 
 
 Shipman, Miss L., Ward's Seminary, Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Senter, Miss H., Ward's Seminary, Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Sanders, Miss Belle, Ward's Seminary, Nashville: one oil painting. 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Horace H., Nashville; three oil paintings, one drawing. 
 
 St. Cecilia Academy, Nashville; seven oil paintings and wax works, one figure 
 ill worsted, two paintings on velvet. 
 
 Swope, Miss Tempie; specimens of silk. 
 
 Spofford, Mrs. 0. M., Pulaski; twelve sections native woods, pumpkin, pf-pper, 
 assorted corn in ear, garden seed, potatoes, woman's work, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, 
 six paintings in oil. 
 
 Shelby County ; magnificent exhibit of all products of her fields, gardens, or- 
 chards and forests. 
 
 Stewart County; magnificent exhibit of ores, woods and farm products. 
 
 Spotswood & Morgan, Nashville; hominj', white and yellow flour meal, grils. 
 
 Scales, David, Nashville; Hungarian grass. 
 
 Sykes, Mrs. T. A., Nashville; one banner. 
 
 Sanders, J. B., Union City; one patent singletree, one picture frame. 
 
 Smith, Capt. Wm., Rutherford County; six pieces fittings, one old pisrol. 
 
 SafFord, Dr. J. M , Vanderbilt University. Nashville; one case rare fossils, mas- 
 todon teeth, etc., etc. 
 
 Sawyer, Monroe, Dyersburg; three boar tusks. 
 
 Steger, Mrs. N., Moscow; one painting — Cattle Scene, Wedding in Cana and 
 Holy Family. 
 
 Strickland Farm ; orchard grass seed. 
 
 Stevenson, F. C; German millet seed. 
 
 Sumner County; splendid display of field products, grass seeds, wool and po- 
 tatoes. . 
 
 Smith County; specimens of corn in ear, oats, rye, wheat and grass seeds. 
 
 Stockell, G. W. & Co.; magnificent display of field seeds, including all the 
 grasses produced in the State. 
 
 Smith, Jos., Madison County; white corn in ear. 
 
 Sevier County; good display of farm products and p.xcellent display of minerals. 
 
(83) 
 
 Sullivan County; splendid display of iron ore, zinc ore, limestone, corn, wheat, 
 oats, barley, grasses of all kinds, tobacco, kaolin and timber. 
 
 Satterwhite, W. B., Nashville; second premium corn in ear. 
 
 "Spirit of the Farm," Nashville; grand display of corn. 
 
 Smith, W. Hy., Franklin; fine display of apples. 
 
 Simmons, D. S., Giles County; rye and German millet seed. 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Horace, Nashville ; three hand-painted china plates, one pitcher, one 
 tile, two saucers. 
 
 Swope, Miss, Nashville; three embroidered banners. 
 
 Spofford, Mrs. M., Pulaski; one oil painting of flowers, one piece of linsey. 
 
 Skillern, Mrs., Pulaski; one pair of mats, five pieces of fine sewing. 
 
 Settle, Mrs., Pulaski; one card of lace. 
 
 Shook, Mrs., Tracy City; three wood carvings. 
 
 Simmons, Miss A., Nashville; one superb painting in oil — Charlotte Corday. 
 
 Shannon, Mrs. L., Nashville; two oil paintings. 
 
 Sumpter, Mrs., Pulaski; one oil painting. 
 
 St. Cecilia Academy, Nashville; one shell picture, two pictures, one handker- 
 chief box, two pin cushions, one china plate, one jewel case, one fish scale, one 
 baby sack, one cap, one pair of hose, one paper basket, two pictures, one oil paint- 
 ing, sixteen volumes of exercises. 
 
 Sutton, Miss B., Mont Eagle; seven handsome paintings in oil. 
 
 Spears, Miss M., Rogersville; one pair of pillow shams. 
 
 Simmonton, Mrs., Nashville; two banners. 
 
 Slaughter, Mrs., Nashville; one piece of lace. 
 
 Shaw, Mrs., Nashville; one watch guard. 
 
 Smith, Mrs. B., Nashville; one cushion. 
 
 Treace, W. S., Morristown; manganese. 
 
 Thomas, W. C, Witt's Foundry; zinc ore. 
 
 Taylor, N. G., Morristown; conglomerate, zinc ore, ash, hickory, white oak and 
 poplar. 
 
 Treace, Adam, Morristown; zinc ore, limestone, 
 
 Tomlinson, Thomas, Tate Springs; mineral water, iron ore, photographs of iron 
 goose used by Andrew Johnson. 
 
 Turner, J. P., Turley's Mills; spar. 
 
 Taylor, W. G., Morristown; buhr-stone. 
 
 Tipton County; splendid display of woods and field and garden products. 
 
 Tennessee University, Knoxville; picture of buildings and campus. 
 
 Tennessee Female College, Franklin ; twenty-six drawings, six plates. 
 
 Thomas, Mrs. J. G , Nashville; one quilt. 
 
 Towns, Miss Cora Lee, Carroll County; one piece silk embroidered patch work. 
 
 Tavel, Miss Anne, Nashville ; three oil paintings. 
 
 Tanksley, Mrs., Pulaski; one beaded cushion, one piece embroidery. 
 
 Thomas, Mrs. W. H., Henderson; two hand-painted saucers. 
 
 u 
 
 Unicoi County; fin? display of iron ore. 
 
(84) 
 V 
 
 V;iU}!;b, W., Morriftown; ailantus section, yellow pine section 
 Vanderbilt University, Nashville ; twenty-five drawings. 
 
 Ward's Seminary, Nashville; nine pictures, ten oil paintings, one book, three 
 maps. 
 
 Wright, Miss, Clarksville; two baby shirts. 
 
 Wheeler, Miss, Clarksville; one cap. 
 
 Webster, Mrs. Hester, Clarksville; one piece of patchwork. 
 
 Williams, Miss L. C, Clarksville; one piece of lace. 
 
 Winston, Mrs., Memphis; one piece of embroidery. 
 
 Walker, Gabe, Stanton ; one piece of rope. 
 
 Watson, Mrs., Nashville; one gourd. 
 
 Worman, Mrs. A., Nashville; one pair of tongs. 
 
 Williams, Mrs. N., Memphis; one oil painting. 
 
 Williams, Miss, Nashville; one oil portrait. 
 
 Wharton, Major, New Orleans; one walking cane. 
 
 Wall, Miss 0., Ward's Seminary, Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Wharton, Miss M., Nashville; one oil painting. 
 
 Wadley, Miss T.; specimen of silk. 
 
 Wil-on, Miss Kate; two oil paintings. 
 
 Wilder, A. J., Montgomery County; premium dried apples. 
 
 Waller, R.; German millet, Hungarian grass, red clover, Alsike clover, timothy, 
 meadow fescue, red-top, orchard, tall meadow oat and blue grass seeds. 
 
 Wilson County; splendid display of corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, oats, rye, 
 barley and all the grasses. 
 
 Warren County, excellent display of fruit, corn, wheat, coal and limestone. 
 
 Williamson County ; splendid display of broom corn, corn in ear, wheat, barley, 
 oats, rye, clover and all the grasses, tobacco, bacon, hams, etc. 
 
 Weakley County; excellent display of farm products, including cotton and to- 
 bacco. 
 
 Wayr.e County; splendid exhibit of iron ores. 
 
 Washington County; excellent display of corn, wheat, oats barley, grasses of 
 all kinds, iron ore. zinc ore, marble and timber. 
 
 Washington, G. A., Cedar Hill; corn in ear, tobacco, etc. 
 
 Williams, Mrs. M. F., Bell's Depot; fancy work. 
 
 Webster, Miss Ro., Columbia; patent hall exit. 
 
 Wisdom, John, Giles County; wheat. 
 
 Wadlfy, Mrs. T., Nashville; two pieces of silk. 
 
 Wisdom, Mrs. M., Henderson ; one p ece of embroidery. 
 
 Wagner, Mrs. J. D., Brownsville; one Masonic quilt. 
 
 Williams, Mrs M. F, Bell's Depot; two cards of lace, one knit spread, one 
 dress, two caps, one tidy, two baby dresses, three single hose. 
 
 White, Miss Moody, Knoxville ; two dresses. 
 
 Wilkerson, Mrs., Pulaski; three pair of hose. 
 
(85) 
 
 White, Mrs. J. M., Pulaski; one sham, one spread. 
 Work, Miss J. W., Nashville; four pictures, one picture. 
 Wharton, Miss May, Nashville; one oil painting. 
 Watkins, Miss Rebecca, Nashville; one quilt. 
 
 Y 
 
 Yearwood, H. B., Sweetwater; samples of farm products. 
 Yandel, Mrs. Dr., Louisville, Kj-.; one handsome oil painting. 
 
 z 
 
 Zollicoffer, Miss, Columbia; one portrait in oil of Gen. P. K. Zollicoffer. 
 
SUMMARY OF WOMAN'S WORK OF TENNESSEE. 
 
 Commissioner, Mrs. Felicia Grundy Porter. 
 
 BXEIBIT— OIL PAINTINGS. 
 
 (Extract from the report of Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, United States Commissioner 
 Woman's Worlf Department, pp. 143-146 inclusive.) 
 
 Painting. Artist. Residence. 
 
 President James K. Polk Healy Nashville. 
 
 Mrs. James K.Polk Geo. Dury Nashville. 
 
 Gov. Wm. B. Bate Wm. Cooper Nashville. 
 
 Mrs. G. P. Thruston Geo. Dury Nashville. 
 
 MissSallie Lawrence Miss Anne Tavel Nashville. 
 
 Mrs. R. B. Hayes (copy) Barl Nashville. 
 
 Philosopher Mrs. Lunsford Yandell Nashville. 
 
 David -.-St. Cecilia Academy Nashville. 
 
 Immaculate Conception — St. Cecilia Acadomy Nashville. 
 
 Sunset Scenes on the Rhine St. Cecilia Academy Nashville. 
 
 Egyptian Head Miss Mary Wharton Nashville. 
 
 Meditation Mrs. Horace Smith .."Nashville. 
 
 Italian Head Mrs. Horace Smith Nashville. 
 
 Psyche ■— Mrs. Horace Smith Nashville. 
 
 Psyche -- Miss Cornelius Nashville. 
 
 Charlotte Corday .Miss Annie Simmons Nashville. 
 
 Summer Morning H. L. Hillyes Nashville. 
 
 Italian Head — Miss Anne Tavel Nashville. 
 
 Vase of Flowers — Miss Gentry - Franklin. 
 
 Soldier's Return -- Frank Morrow Nashville. 
 
 Reichenback Falls Miss Cassie Mason Jackson. 
 
 Grapes from Nature — Miss Annie Armstrong — Knoxville. 
 
 Magdalene Miss Annie Armstrong — Knoxville. 
 
 Ideal Heads -Miss Annie Armstrong Knoxville. 
 
 Wayfarers Miss linger — Knoxville. 
 
 Normandy Farm Miss Huger Knoxville. 
 
 Eventide Vliss Huger Knoxville. 
 
 Algerian Cafe .Miss Huger Knoxville. 
 
 Sad Thoughts Miss Emma Sutton Mont Eagle. 
 
 Fish and Fruit. Mi.=!s Emma Sutton Mont Eagle. 
 
 Winslow's Cascade Miss Emma Sutton Mont Eagle 
 
 Keith Waterfall Miss Emma Sutton Mont Eagle. 
 
 Brook in the Catskills-— Miss Emma Sutton Mont Eagle. 
 
 Alpine View Miss Emma Sutton Mont Eagle. 
 
(88) 
 
 Bast Tennessee Scene -—Mr. S. H. Lockett Mont Eagle. 
 
 Apple Dumplings and Fruit Ward's Seminarj- Nashville. 
 
 Bad Boy Mr. Pierce Nashville. 
 
 Italian Girl Mrs. Maury Nashville. 
 
 Lady Godiva Mrs. Maury Nashville. 
 
 Child in Swing Geo. Dury Nashville. 
 
 Vase of Flowers Miss Jennie Porter Nashville. 
 
 Log House (Hermitage) Mr. Cavert Nashville. 
 
 Neapolitan Boy Miss Annie C. Champe Nashville. 
 
 Lilac Girl Mrs. W. A. Barry Nashville. 
 
 Orphan Asylum Mrs. Marr Nashville. 
 
 Portrait of Miss Gentry By herself; reflection from s,\y ,,• 
 
 mirror ( 
 
 Magnolia Scene Miss Joy Lindsley Nashville. 
 
 Gen. Morgan Miss Emma Hamilton Nashville. 
 
 Portrait of An Old Lady --Mrs McNairy Pulaski. 
 
 Pointer Miss May Phillips Pulaski. 
 
 Cherubs (brass) Miss Bessie Caldwell Jackson. 
 
 Pointer Dog Miss Childress Pulaski. 
 
 Head Miss Haughton .- -Jackson. 
 
 Head of Garfield Miss Gattirger Nashville. 
 
 Head of Bishop Quintard Miss Gattinger Nashville. 
 
 Alpine View Miss May Phillips Pulaski. 
 
 View Miss Robinson - . — Pulaski. 
 
 Marine View Miss May Phillips Pulaski 
 
 Maximilian's Castle on Uliine — Miss Sumpter Pulaski. 
 
 Bunch of Flowers — Roses Miss Geoffrey Pulaski. 
 
 Tulips Miss Spofford Pulaski. 
 
 Waterfall Miss Rice Pulaski. 
 
 Two Drawings Miss Kzell Pulaski. 
 
 CHINA PAINTING. 
 
 Three China Plates Mrs. H. Smith Nashville. 
 
 Four China Plates - --. -Miss Lizzie Bonner Fayetteville. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers Mrs. H. Smith Nashville. 
 
 Tile , Mrs. H.Smith Nashville. 
 
 Two Saucers Miss Thomas Hendersonville. 
 
 Two Vases MissChilders Pulaski. 
 
 Plate Miss Lizzie Bonner —-Fayetteville. 
 
 Dog Miss Childers Pulaski. 
 
 Roses Miss Cornelius Nashville. 
 
 Pitcher Miss Geoffrey Pulaski. 
 
 CattleScene Mrs. W. A. Barry Nashville. 
 
 Venice by Moonlight Miss May Phillips Pulaski. 
 
 QUILTS. 
 
 Mosaic Miss S. C. Judd 
 
 Crazy Missionary Society Knoxville. 
 
(89) 
 
 Crazy Miss Ella Gale Nashville. 
 
 Crazy Mrs. Thomas McClelland Somerville. 
 
 Crazy Mrs. Gamewell Jackson. 
 
 Embroidered Mrs. L. V. French Nashville. 
 
 Masonic Mrs. Waggoner Brownsville. 
 
 Made in 1823 Miss Cook Hendersonville. 
 
 Made in 1823 Mrs. Osborne Pulaski 
 
 Made in 1823 Miss Coralie Towns Carroll. 
 
 Made in 1823 Mrs. Tankslej' Pulaski. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Confederate Flag Mr. J. A. Francis New York. 
 
 Two Pin Cushions Unknown- 
 
 Two Pin Cushions Mrs. Tanksley Pulaski. 
 
 Sofa Cushion Mrs. Ed Noel Nashville. 
 
 Two Sofa Cushions Mrs. John Bible Jacksborough. 
 
 Oakleaf Fringe Mrs. Sue Gibbs Ripley. 
 
 Swiss Cottages Swiss Colony Grundy County. 
 
 Banner Dr. Pollard Fayetteville. 
 
 Pearls Miss Spofford Pulaski. 
 
 Shell Work Miss MoNish Nashville. 
 
 Shell Work St. Cecilia Nashville. 
 
 Spatter Work Mrs. Frizzell Nashville. 
 
 Panels — painting on wood Miss Foard Nashville.. 
 
 Grape.s — on natural wood Miss A. Fisher Athens. 
 
 Golden Flag Mies Ewing Pulaski. 
 
 Two Goldpn Flags Miss Hume Knoxville'. 
 
 Rose . Miss Gattinger Nashville. 
 
 Needle Painting St. Cecilia-- Nashville. 
 
 Water Lillies (shell) Miss Wilson Nashville. 
 
 Samples Mrs. Wm. 'J'homas Henderson Co. 
 
 Puzzle Ball Miss L. Barker Henderson Co. 
 
 Samples Miss Mary Williams Bell's Depot. 
 
 Two Table Scarfs Mrs. E. Player .-Columbia. 
 
 Kensington Embroidery Miss Dickerson — Pulaski. 
 
 Three Panels Miss Swope Nashville. 
 
 Old Shawl Miss Geoffrey Pulaski. 
 
 Old Shawl and Infant's Lap Robe,Mrs. Abernathy Pulaski. 
 
 Hand Embroidery Mrs. Sallie McCoy Mont Eagle. 
 
 Pen-holder and Ink-stand Mrs. Kline Pulaski. 
 
 Two Needle Cases Mrs. Carlin Pulaski. 
 
 Gertin Tidy Mrs. Chas. Jones Pulaski. 
 
 Patch Work Mrs. Towns Huntingdon. 
 
 Hand Sewing Mrs. Skillern Pulaski. 
 
 Flannel Skirt Mrs. Crowe Pulaski. 
 
 Cambric Skirt Unknown Pulaski. 
 
 French Embroidery Mrs. Geoffrey Pulaski. 
 
 Counterpane Miss Campbell Macon. 
 
 7 noe ' 
 
(90) 
 
 Lace Chess-bag Mrs. Piigh Ripley. 
 
 Two Pairs of Hose Unknown Mempliis. 
 
 Tobacco Bag, Sau£F Bag — Miss Geoffrey Pulaski. 
 
 Lace|tandkerchief, andFeather | ^.^^ j^jj^ q^,^ Nashville. 
 
 Blankets Gibbs Henderson. 
 
 Linsey Mrs. Sallie McCoy Mont Eagle. 
 
 Quilts Mrs. Sallie McCoy Mont Eagle. 
 
 Blankets Mrs. Holt Pulaski. 
 
 Crochet Quilt Mrs. Rr.yal Bell's Depot. 
 
 Piano Scarf, Piano Lace iirs Hinkle Jackson. 
 
 Tulle Scarf Mrs. John Bibb Jackson. 
 
 Point Lace Handkerchief Mrs. Graham Pulaski. 
 
 Crochet Lace Mrs. Rogers Pulaski. 
 
 Box of Lace Trimmings Mrs. ^Dismukes Pulaski. 
 
 Box of French Lace Mrs. Settle -Pulaski. 
 
 Box of French Lace Mrs. Coulton Somerville. 
 
 Box of French Lace Mrs. Patterson Somerville. 
 
 Box of French Lace Mrs. Hoffman Somerville. 
 
 Box of French Lace Mrs. Rogers Pulaski. 
 
 Net, Spread and Sham, Two 1 ij-. -nri,-. n i i- 
 
 Pairsof Hose-— : | Miss White Pulaski. 
 
 Three Pairs of Hose Miss N. Wilkerson Pulaski. 
 
 Tidy Mrs. Williams Bell's Depjt. 
 
 Two Tulle Covers on Clock Miss S. T. Barrett Charleston. 
 
 Hand-sewing (two specimens) — Mrs. Crowe Pulaski. 
 
 Machine Embroidery Mrs. Dickerson Pulaski. 
 
 Tatting Mrs. Crowe Pulaski. 
 
 Silk Crackers Miss Dickerson Pulaski. 
 
 Knitting in Silk Mrs. "Wadley Nashville. 
 
 Two Lace Handkerchiefs Mrs. Marshall Trenton. 
 
 Knitted Cotton Lice Miss Rogers Pulaski. 
 
 Knitting Mary Williams Bell's Depot. 
 
 Hand-made Chess Miss White Kuoxville. 
 
 Pillow-shams Mrs. John Bibb Jackson. 
 
 Chair Tidy Miss Campbell Mason. 
 
EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 BOOKS FROM TENNESSEE. 
 
 a^zile, Bible Gleanings, Driftwood, Gathered Flowerets, 
 
 Heart Blossoms Mrs. Jane T. H. Cross. 
 
 Herbariums (prepared by)— CliiBe Gause. 
 
 My Scrap-book (compiled by)— Mrs. Ann B. Snyder. 
 
 One or Two Virginia French and 
 
 Lide Meriwether. 
 
 Selections of Sketches and Stories (compiled by)— Evle Lannan. 
 
 Soundings Lide Meriwether. 
 
 The Odes of Horace (in English verse) Caskie Harris. 
 
 The Silver Wedding Evan Ap Coel. 
 
 Voice from the South Laura Lorrimer (Mrs. 
 
 Julia Skelton). 
 Wayside Flowerets Mrs. Jane T. H. Cross.