W HI' W3 d^nrncli Hnioersitg Hthtatg 3thata, Kein Moth BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 To renew this book copy the call No. and give to the librarian. HOME USE RULES , All Books subject to Recall All borrowers must regis- , ter in the library to borrow books for home use. All books must be re- turned at end of college year for inspection and repairs. Limited books must be re- turned within the four week limit and not renewed. Students must return all books before leaving town. Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. , Volumes of periodicals ? and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special pur- poses they are given out for a limited time. , . Borrowers should not use their , library privileges for * the benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked tore- port all cases of books — * marked or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. Cornell University Library DA 690.H11W93 History of Haddlese : its past and prese 3 1924 028 137 978 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028137978 HISTORY OF HADDLESEY. HADDLESEY CHURCH, AS ENLARGED AND IMPROVED IN 1891. Frontispiece HISTORY OF HADDLESEY ITS PAST AND PRESENT. WITH NOTICES OF MANY NEIGHBOURING PARISHES AND TOWNSHIPS, INCLUDING BIRKIN, BRAYTON, BURN, CARLTON, COWICK, DRAX, GATEFORTH, EGGBOROUGH, KELLINGTON, ROAL, PONTEFRACT, SELBY, SNAITH, ETC., ETC. THE REV. J. N. yVORSFOLD, Rector of Haddlesey, Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, London, M entire Honoraire de la Societi efffistoire, Vaudoise, etc. [ When joyful hearts with loyal glee from Cowick raised the call That spread from Hathelsea's bright stream to echo from Sandhall.' LONDON : ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. 1894. ^ hi h.HLfso JV 7 V PREFACE. IN sending out this greatly enlarged and completely rewritten work, it is proper I should add a few words of preface, so that readers may know what they are to expect in the following pages. I beg to state, then, that my object has been to recover from the past whatever I could gather that would shed light on the character and doings of our ancestors, with a view of guiding, stimulating, and informing those who now live as to conduct which should make them desirous of adding to the credit and the prosperity of the community in which God's providence has placed them. What patriot- ism is as regards our native land as a whole, so is an honest and intelligent desire for the reputation and well- being of our parish as a smaller and yet integral part of the land, whose glory and greatness is one of the dearest wishes of every true-hearted and intelligent Englishman. Everyone seems more or less to lament the deterioration of rural life — the tendency to crowd into towns, and the unhappy forgetfulness of large numbers who have been drawing considerable revenues from agricultural com- munities, of the claims which thes^ communities have on them for moral sympathy and material help in order to enable them to realize that moral and material standard vi Preface. of life and circumstance by which rural communities may not unfairly contrast with the greater attractions in some respects of urban populations. I venture to say that no amount of legislative change can ameliorate the condition of the inhabitants of our rural districts unless it be ac- companied by a transformation of character. It is moral worth, and not political franchises, that will raise our rural population. Where we have high moral character, intelligence, industry, self-denial, and public spirit, there is nothing in our political institutions which forbids village life to be as happy in all its true essentials as that of the mightiest city in our land. Trusting that the facts recorded in this volume, and the principles laid down, may help to this end is the Author's fervent prayer. I will not close this short preface without expressing more formally and precisely than I have been able to do in the body of the work my great obligations to many friends and helpers. Notably to Mr. H. Chetwynd-Stapylton, for many private contributions of literary matter, and the kind use of his illustrations of remains of the Templar preceptory at Hirst, the south doorway, pillar-head of doorway, Templar seal, and ground-plan of buildings. To Dr. Fairbanks, late of Doncaster, for the engraving of brass of William Fitzwilliam, Esq., and Elizabeth his wife, who lived at Haddlesey. To Mr. Hodges of Hexham for permission to use his excellent plate of the Darcy tomb in Selby Abbey; Also to Miss Emily Holt, for her kindness in furnishing me with many most valuable details of the movements of Edward II., and of leading soldiers and statesmen of his time. Also to Mr. W. S. Kershaw, the courteous librarian of Lambeth Palace Library, for his very valuable help in furnishing copies of documents connected with the period of the Commonwealth. Also to the Rev. Canon Raine, of York, for valuable and ready use of the Minster library. To Mr. W. Paley Baildon, for information relative to Stapleton and Fitzwilliam property. To Lady Beaumont, of Carlton Preface. vii Towers, for kind use of the library there. And to the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Bryan Stapleton, for help with regard to their family pedigree. To the indefatigable Honorary Secretary of the Yorks Archaeological and Topographical Society, for use of documents. Neither must I forget earlier obligations to Mr. Wadham Powell and Mr. William Morrell ; nor later ones to Miss Davison, of Haddlesey House, who most obligingly has allowed me access to her family papers, and also to reproduce a facsimile of an autograph letter of Oliver Cromwell addressed to the constables and head-boroughs of West Haddlesey. P.S. — I may add that the profits of this work (if any) will be given to provide a long-standing want of a mission- room and Sunday-school for the hamlet of Hirst Courtney in this parish, with a population of 116 persons, distant two miles from the parish church, or to wipe out the deficit of £60 still needed in payment of outlay on parish church enlargement. Haddlesey Rectory, April, 1894. CONTENTS Preface - v CHAPTER I. TOPOGRAPHY AND EARLY HISTORY. Parish extent — Boundaries 1-4 CHAPTER II. EARLY NAMES AND CHARTERS. Ralph de Hastings — Henry de Laci's Charter — Henry de Vernoil's Charter — Henry de Lacy's Charter — Roger de Rohal-J-Adam of Newmarket — Lord John Bellaaqua — John de Curteney 5 _2 3 CHAPTER III. ORIGIN OF THE KNIGHT TEMPLARS. Emperor Constantine and Empress Helena — Pilgrimages to Palestine — Relics — Peter of Amiens — Council of Clermont — Walter the Penniless — The crusading army and its operations 2 4 _ 35 CHAPTER IV. TOWNSHIP OF HADDLESEY— EARLIEST HISTORIC RECORDS. Miles Bassett at East and Midel Hamsy— Charter of Peter Dodde— Charter de Hath'say— Charters of Ralph Miller, x Contents. William de Euermu, Walter de Euermu ; Alan, Prior of Drax; Ralph, villain; Hugh, son of Walter ; Roger, son of Goodrich, etc. - 36-47 CHAPTER V. THE KNIGHT TEMPLARS : THEIR GROWTH AND DECAY. Site of the preceptory — Inventories of property and goods, etc., belonging to the Order in this neighbourhood 48-72 CHAPTER VI. THE KINGDOM OF GOD AND HOUSE OF PRAYER AT HADDLESEY. Its founder and benefactors — Lists of first clergy and patrons, etc. 73-88 CHAPTER VII. THE STAPLETON DYNASTY, WHICH EXTENDED FROM 1 262 TO THE DEATH OF THOMAS STAPLETON, ABOUT I380. The first Baron Stapleton — Battle of Bannockburn, and its effects - 89-96 CHAPTER VIII. EDWARD II. AT HADDLESEY. Residence of Edward II. at Haddlesey — The King's table — An itinerary of his journeys, with illustrative map — National history of this date — Queen Isabella at Cawood— Siege of Berwick — The Despensers, father and son — Rebellion of Thomas, Duke of Lancaster — His own execution and that of other peers at Pontefract— Sandhall — Hatfield Hall, etc. 99-115 CHAPTER IX. TEMPLE HIRST UNDER THE DARCYS. Rise and progress of the family — Their services in war — Rate of wages in fourteenth century for artificers — Also rate of wages for agricultural labourers, and prices of farm produce in the sixteenth century — Fishing records for same date 116-119 CHAPTER X. SECOND BARON MILES STAPLETON. The foundation of the Order of the Garter — The plague in England — Baron Stapleton, Sheriff of Yorkshire and Contents. xi Escheator for the King in Yorkshire — Holds an inquiry at Selby — Has David Bruce, King of Scotland, in his charge — Differences with his tenants at Carlton — Makes his will, and requests that he may be buried in Drax Church — Disputes about property after his death, and law suits in the Court of Chancery and at York — ' Parson of Hathelsay ' mentioned - 120- 131 CHAPTER XI. EST HATHELSAY. Poll-tax returns— Reign of Richard II. — Est Hathelsay — West Hathelsay — The two Hyrstes — The development of the Hathelsay family — Their migration to South Duffield — Position in Hemingborough — Pedigree, etc. 132-141 CHAPTER XII. TEMPLE HIRST AND THE DARCYS {continued). A glance at doings in Parliament in the reign of Edward III. — One of Yorkshire's noblest sons appears in the arena as a patriot and theologian — Is supported by the Court and some of the nobility, including John of Gaunt and many of the clergy — Knights Hospitallers try to deprive Lord Philip Darcy of Temple Hirst — The Darcy tomb in Selby Abbey — Thomas Lord Darcy's connexion with Cardinal Wolsey — Dissolution of the monasteries 142-152 CHAPTER XIII. THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE. The Pilgrimage of Grace extends from Lincolnshire to Yorkshire — The two provinces of York and Canterbury and the senti- ments of their inhabitants — Robert Aske chosen to head ' The Pilgrimage ' — Earl Percy refuses to join — Aske captures Pontefract and Lord Darcy of Temple Hirst — Henceforth Temple Hirst is the headquarters of the rebels — Duke of Norfolk out-manceuvres Aske, though Darcy will not betray him — Why Darcy sympathized with Aske — Death on Tower Hill — Courts of law at Temple Hirst 153-17 J xii Contents. CHAPTER XIV. THE DARCYS AFTER THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE. PAGE Lord George Darcy and his tomb in Brayton Church — Lord John Darcy, his public employments — ' The Good Lord Darcy' and his four wives — Lady Isabel Darcy of Aston — Conyers, Lord Darcy, Earl of Holderness — Pedigree of the Darcys of Aston — Duke of Leeds - 172-182 CHAPTER XV. THE STAPLETONS OF CARLTON AND BARONS BEAUMONT. Arms and Motto — Lady Elizabeth Stapleton — John Stapleton — Brian Stapleton and the wars in France — Carlton Chapel first mentioned — Sir William Gascoigne (son of the chief justice) — Battle of Towton — Creation of the barony of Beaumont — Sir Brian Stapleton at Flodden Field, etc. — Lady Mary Stapleton, who gives silver candlesticks to . York Minster — The title of Lord Beaumont revived in the person of Miles Thomas Stapleton of Carlton — Later peers and members of this family 183-191 CHAPTER XVI. THE F1TZWILLIAMS AT EAST HADDLESEY. Family details 192-3 CHAPTER XVII. HADDLESF.Y CHURCH : ITS CLERGY AND ENDOWMENTS [resumed from Chapter VI.). Sir Oliver Cromwell and James I. — Confiscation of Church property — Two priests' lands— National and ecclesiastical changes— Cromwell's letter to constables and head borough of West Haddlesey — Parliamentary surveys affecting Birkin and Haddlesey — Earl of Rosebery — Haddlesey separated from Birkin and re-endowed — Rev. Thomas Pickaid, clerk, becomes Rector of Haddlesey under the new scheme — The upset at the Restoration of Charles II. as regards both Haddlesey and Birkin 194-206 Contents. xiii CHAPTER XVIII. THE HOUSE OF ANCASTER. PAGE The house of Ancaster connected with Haddlesey in the seven- teenth century — Death of Earl Lindsay — The Dukes of Ancaster — Duke and Duchess of Suffolk — Craft and cruelty of Bishop Gardiner — Richard Bertie escapes his reach by flight to Holland - 207-218 CHAPTER XIX. EAST HADDLESEY {resumed). East Haddlesey representative families, including Bromleys, Sawyers, and Crawshaws — Haddlesey Churchyard . its tombstones — Original lines of poetry — Haddlesey canal 219-225 CHAPTER XX. THE DAVISONS OF HADDLESEY HOUSE (ANCIENTLY BEGHBY HALL). Leading families in West Haddlesey— The Davisons.of Had- dlesey House — Miss Davison — Hirst Courtney township of to day — Tithe and tithe-rent charge : the difference in their value — Enclosure of commons land— Temple Hirst town- ship of to-day — Present owner of the Templar Preceptory — Earl Sheffield 226-232 CHAPTER XXI. FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT. Parish history from Chapter XVIII. resumed — Rectors of Birkin from the restoration of Charles II. — The Thornton family — The Rev. Thomas Wright refuses a bishopric — Arch- deacon Hill as patron — Rector Alderson — The Rev. Valentine Green at Haddlesey — Rev. S. C. Baker as curate — A new bell, with a new and enlarged church— Three Wesleyan chapels — New order in Council comes into force at the death of the Rev. Valentine Green 233241 xiv Contents. CHAPTER XXII. FURTHER PAROCHIAL DEVELOPMENT. PAGE Further parish progress— Rectory House built, a.d. 1875 — Schools — Church enlarged by the additional chancel, etc., a.d. 1878— New font, a.d. 1884— Churchyard enlarged, A.D. 1886 — Tower added to the church, with other additions, in 1 89 1 — Record of increased number of services — List of baptisms, burials, marriages, confirmations— Postal facilities — Parish Councils Bill — Closing reflections and the author's desire - - - 242-249 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Haddlesey Church - - Frontispiece . South Doorway of Preceptor y - - 22 Remains of Templar Preceptory, Temple Hirst 47 Pillar Head of South Doorway of Preceptory 48 ROAL Hall - . To face p. 60 Gateway to Roal Hall „ 62 Ground-plan of Preceptory - - 66 Templars' Seal - 72 Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam and Lady, who died at Had- dlesey, a.d. 1474 - 84 Map to illustrate the Itinerary of Edward II. at Haddlesey and General Topographical References in this Work - 98 Arms of the Haddlesey Family Between pp. 138-139 The Tomb of John Lord Darcy and Meinill (who died at Temple Hirst, a.d. 1414) in Selby Abbey, before its recent mutilation i45 Tomb of Lord George Darcy, son of Thomas, Lord Darcy, of Temple Hirst, in Brayton Church, before its recent Alteration - - 175 Facsimile of Letter of Oliver Cromwell To face p. 206 Ancient House of the Bromleys - 221 Haddlesey House - - - 228 Haddlesey Rectory 238 Haddlesey National Schools 240 CHAPTER I. TOPOGRAPHY AND EARLY HISTORY. ' When joyful hearts, with loyal glee, from Cowick raised the call That spread from Hathelsea's bright stream to echo from Sandhall.' IN dealing with the subject of parish history, we must either begin with the remotest period to which history reaches in the past, or else, beginning from the standpoint of the present, work backwards into anti- quity. This is what we propose to do in this work, and so we start by saying that Haddlesey is situated in the south-eastern corner, i.e., the fertile valley, of the great county of York, and forms part of the Parliamentary district of Barkstone Ash Division of the West Riding ; its nearest and post town is Selby, famous for its grand abbey, founded by William the Conqueror. Another town nine miles distant, and famous in English history, is Pon- tefract. The neighbourhood was formerly included in the extensive forest of Sherwood (Baine's ' Yorkshire '), noted as the scene of the exploits of the bold outlaw Robin Hood and his merrie men. The parish of Haddlesey is bounded on the north by Brayton, on the east by Drax and Carlton ; on the south by Hensall and Kellington, and west by Birkin. The scenery is for the most part level, though relieved by the two elevations of Hambleton I History of Haddlesey. Hough, 1 and Brayton Bargh 2 on the north. There are also several patches of woodland, which diversify the otherwise unbroken expanse of extensive cornfields and pasture-land. But the most distinctive of all the geo- graphical features is the river Aire, called by an ancient historian (Leland) 3 a ' royal river.' Rising in the high lands of the extreme west of the county, it flows down from Malham Cove* a limestone cliff of some three hundred 1 From the Celtic hoga, meaning a heap. 2 Spelt generally ' Barff,' a contraction of Barugh, meaning a gravel mound shot up through the clay by some convulsion of nature. A beacon was erected on the Barff in 1 803, when England was threatened with invasion by Napoleon. 3 Thoresby (' Ducatus Leodiensis '), quoting Camden, says it derives its name from ara (Celtic), meaning slow, heavy, or calm and bright, as the river Arar (Saone, in France), which Cassar says moves so in- credibly slow that you can scarcely tell its course by the eye : ' Fluvium est quod fertur incredibili lenitate, ita ut oculis in utram partem fluat judicari vix possit.' May this remind us of the waters of Shiloah, qui •vont doucemont (Isa. viii. 6) ? This our Aire is said in a MS. Survey to be ' celeberimum ' and ' prasstantissimum fluvium in partibus Borea- libus.' It issueth from the root of the mountain Pennigent. The learned Selden, in his commentary on the latter part of Drayton's ' Polybion,' wherein he advances northward from the Don to the river Aire, says : ' Now speak I of a flood who thinks there none should dare Once to compare with her, supposed by her descent The darling daughter born of lofty Penigent, Who, from her father's foot by Skipton Down doth scud, And leading thence to Leeds, that delicatest flood, Takes Calder, coming in by Wakefield,' etc. The Aire was made navigable in 1699 by the exertions of William Milner, Esq., then Mayor of Leeds. 4 Malham Cove is a very interesting place. It may be described as a magnificent amphitheatre of rock of very fine limestone. These rocks are 286 feet in height from the base to the central summit. The sides of the amphitheatre tower towards each other, and in the middle is the central rock that slopes backward, and from the bottom of the precipice is a swift current of clear water, which is the source of the river Aire, in the very backbone of England, for the rivers which rise Topography and Early History. feet high, and pursues its way along the picturesque valley to which it gives name (Airedale) with its waters uncontaminated as far as Skipton, the first town on its banks. From Skipton it flows on by Keighley, and from thence to Leeds, a distance of thirty-five miles from its source. From Leeds it wends its way through fertile meadows to Castleford, at which place it is joined by the waters of the Calder, and with its stream thus augmented, it flows on through Haddlesey, vessels of considerable tonnage wafted on its bosom, until effecting a junction with the Ouse at Airmin, i.e., Airemouth (aire and mun, Swedish or Danish for mouth), from whence it joins the Humber and flows into the German Ocean. The channel of the Aire is very deep and circuitous in its course in many parts. Not unfrequently it overflows its banks, and by so doing greatly adds to the fertility of the land con- tiguous to its banks. Some of its irruptions have, how- ever, been attended with less pleasant consequences, e.g., in the year 1069 William the Conqueror was detained against his will three weeks at Castleford by the over- flowing of this river ; but the Great Flood, the memory of which will last for a very long period in the district. occurred on Saturday, November 17, 1866. A rainfall of a very unusual character caused the river to overflow its banks and lay West Haddlesey under water. From West Haddlesey it flowed into the canal, which connects the Aire with the town of Selby, and deluged the latter place to the depth of several feet, even extinguishing the retorts of the gasworks and spreading terror and distress on every side. The waters reached their greatest height at half-past ten o'clock on Sunday morning, but did not recede to any extent for the next four-and-twenty hours. Monday being Selby market day, a few people from the on the eastern side flow into the German Ocean and those on the west into the Irish Sea. History of Haddlesey. neighbourhood with difficulty made their way to the town, bringing with them sad tales of disaster as regarded their own parishes. The places which suffered most appear to have been Selby, Snaith, Camblesforth, the two Hursts, the two Haddleseys, Gateforth, Burn, Cawood, and Ryther. It was not before Saturday afternoon that the water was drained away by means of deep channels cut communicating with the Ouse. But terrible as was this inundation, it was as nothing compared to that which happened through the extraordinary rains of October 14 and 15, 1892. On this latter occasion some two- thirds of this parish was under water, in some places to the depth of seven or eight feet, causing a very large destruction of newly-stacked corn, as well as some hundreds of cattle. But turning to the more normal character of the river, we would observe that large quantities of valuable fish, including salmon, have been found within its waters. Of late years, however, the pollution caused by the inflow of poisonous sewage from some of the manufacturing towns on its banks has been most destructive to this valuable article of human food, as well as rendering the water unfit for drinking purposes— indeed, a cause of much dis- comfort, not to say disease. 1 1 This great nuisance will, however, be remedied by the efforts of our sanitary authorities, strengthened by recent legislation, and the noble stream become again a thing of beauty and a channel of blessing to those who dwell on its banks. RSIIM ESPl llPi Sri II Frli\^>^w iftstr^**^*"*- u^ WPR'TvSr? ■W'W 1%2M\ %tJilxWtT% VmllliS^ ji^^v ISr SsOT HRfA^yiMwiMlElJ |f^M( IBl ^mIs^kj ^ v: V^jV'fi] »%^MPg|P t^?5^/^ ImfP w*m ■» a*ft^r ' ■* *-*rf "Six J2BMI iMSgUnhM] wSE*& ■ 'vyjMirffivfy sIISbs!! CHAPTER II. EARLY NAMES AND CHARTERS. BUT we must proceed to consider the history of Haddlesey, a subject not so barren of interest as some might suppose, especially to persons of an antiquarian taste. The district is one of those which were the last to acknowledge the power of the Norman invader, and retains many Saxon words in use up to the present time ; for instance, low-lying pasture-land is called an ' Ing '; a wood is termed a ' Hag'; a close a ' Garth '; to carry is spoken of as ' leading.' But the very name of the place is intensely and significantly Saxon. Haddlesey is a corruption of Athelsey, which was compounded of ' Atheling,' the name of the last Saxon prince, and ' ey ' an island or river 1 (there is a stream on the south side of the parish still called the Ey). The name was then first corrupted to Hathelsey as in documents above five hundred years old, and subsequently to Addlesey, and lastly to Haddlesey. There are many places in England the names of which are traceable to a similar etymology, and which have experienced similar corruption, e.g., the 1 So Sheppey, in Kent, was formerly written 'Sceapeye' ; i.e., island of sheep — R. de Hoveden. While I still adhere to the above as the most probable derivation of Haddlesey, yet I am willing to confess that more recent study of the topographical character of the place impresses me with the plausibility, to say the least, of Mr. Wheater's 6 History of Haddlesey. village of Addle, from John de Adela, near Leeds ; Adlingfleet, properly Athelingflete, on the Ouse ; also in the county of Surrey Addlestone, and in the city of London itself Addlestreet, Aldermanbury, and the island of Athelney, Somerset, which is a corruption of Athel- ingey, or island of nobles. Another circumstance which gives an interest to this parish arises from the fact of the Knight Templars having had one of their earliest and most important establish- ments within its boundaries, the foundation of Temple Hirst being antecedent to either of its greater sisters Newsam or Ribstane. The original founder was Ralph de Hastings. There is great difficulty in tracing this family, although its members seem to have played a very conspicuous and honourable part in the transactions of speculations as given in the Leeds Mercury some years ago. Mr. Wheater says : ' Hathelsey is but a corruption of the words which in Saxon speech mean "the beautiful water," the beauty of the scene being enhanced by the rays of the eastern sun shimmering on the waters between the foliage of the woods, where timber and pasture intermingled. . Longfellow must have seen such a Hathelsay in the great land of the West, a thousand years later, when he speaks of the " shining big-sea- water '' : ' " Dark behind it rose the forest, Rose the black and gloomy pine-trees, Rose the firs with cones upon them ; Bright before it beat the water, Beat the clear and sunny water, Beat the shining big-sea-water." ' To endorse this view, we may imagine that some hundreds of acres of land alongside of the old ' ey ' (as now called) and the shire fleet as denominated in the charter of Henry Vernoil, were in Saxon times permanently covered with water, surrounded on the higher ground to the north by wood — i.e., hyrstland — from which pasture-ground for the early settlers was found by essarting— i.e., clearing out a space in the woods. In this way Haddlesey would be truly, as very occasionally written, ' Hathelsea' ; and these conclusions all harmonize with the signification of the river Aire. Early Names and Charters. their day. Henry de Hastings was one of the prisoners taken on the barons' side by Prince Edward at the battle of Evesham. Perhaps because Edward I. had robbed the Templar treasury of £10,000 in 1262. It is important, however, to remember that Richard Hastings was head of the Templars in London in 1154, and was employed by the King, Henry II., in various important negotiations ; among others, that of the betrothal of the French Princess Margaret to Prince Henry of England. Cer- tain castles in France were held by the Templars pend- ing the celebration of the nuptials. By hurrying on the marriage (though both the engaged parties were infants ' crying in the cradle '), the English King obtained immediate possession of the French fortresses, to the great annoyance of the King of France. The Templars who took part in this marriage and were custodiants of the castles were Robert de Pirou 1 (afterwards Master of the Preceptory at Temple Hirst), Tostes St. Omer, and Richard Hastings (see Roger Hoveden and Addison, 'Knight Templars'). The above Richard Hastings was the friend and confidant of Thomas a Becket. During the disputes between a Becket and the King, we are told that the Archbishop withdrew from the council chamber, where all his brethren were assembled, and went to con- sult with Richard de Hastings, the Prior of the Temple at London, who threw himself on his knees before him, and with many tears besought him to give his adherence to the statutes of the Council of Clarendon. To return to the person of Ralph de Hastings, it is reasonable to suppose that he may have been at the date of the foundation of the Templar preceptory at Hirst mesne lord of Birkin, this place being an isolated nook 1 The family are supposed to have been lords of Lessay, near Car- renlan, on the west coast of Normandy, opposite Jersey, and the founder of its famous abbey, William de Pirou, was steward of Henry I. 8 History of Haddlesey. connected ecclesiastically with Snaith, though some writers think that it was part of the parish of Brayton in Saxon times. Whether so or not, the area extending east and west from Carlton to Haddlesey, and south and north from Kellington to Burn and Barlow, was one great hyrst or wood, and Ralph de Hastings, whose ancestral home was at Fenwick (Hugh Hastings is said to hold lands at Fenwick, Snaith, etc., a.d. 1540), seems to have approached Hurst from the south side of the Aire (per- haps from Potterlawe, of which we shall have more to say later on). His charter of donation is lost, but we have that of Henry Laci, the superior lord, confirming it, as follows : The Charter of Henry de Laci in Confirmation of the Grant of Hurst by Ralph de Hastings. 'To the archbishops and bishops, and all the sons of the holy Church both present and to come, Henry de Laci giveth greeting and faithful salutations in Christ. Be it known unto you that I, for the health of my soul and for the health of the soul of my father and of the soul of my mother and of the souls of my relations and my ancestors, have granted to the brethren of the temple of Solomon that gift which Radulph de Hastings made them of my land of Hurst. Wherefore I will that they hold that land with all its appurtenances in such wise that they hold no alms in England better and more freely, and as their charter, which they hold of Radulph, witnesses. And this charter was made in the presence of brother Richard de Hastings (Preceptor at Hurst) at Bruges — the wit- nesses being : Radulph, the son of Nicolas, his steward ; Roger de Tilli, probably a relative of Ralph de Tilli, one of the Templars at the siege of Acre ; Adam, the son of Peter (de Birkin, 1190) ; Roger, the son of Turstan ; Early Names and Charters. Matthew de Maluvir 1 (later on Malauverer and Mallory) ; Robert the chamberlain ; Robert the baker ; William de Vilers ; Hugo the Abbot ; William the cook ; Alan the chamberlain.' Otto de Tilli was a witness to the Kirkstall Abbey charter, and Ralph and Hugh de Tilli figure in later documents. William de Vilers also was a witness to the Kirkstall charter. A question has been raised as to the place where Henry de Laci executed this charter of con- firmation. I cannot see why there should be any hesita- tion in accepting the word ' Bruges ' as the name of the well-known city in Flanders. And the association is highly instructive from several points of view. First of all, it reminds us that in the twelfth and following cen- turies — indeed, up to the times when Fleming artificers settled in our eastern counties — England was the chief wool-producing country, and that Bruges was the great central mart for the world's commerce at that time. So that Englishmen were often at Bruges, and there transacted not only commercial but political and eccle- siastical engagements. The number of witnesses to De Laci's charter show they were such as could be only had at some place of common and convenient resort. That such a place was Bruges may be inferred from other circumstances; e.g., the grant by King John to hold a weekly fair at Wakefield (Doc. A, 384, Cat. Public Records) is given by the hand of the Provost of Beverley, and the Archdeacon of Wells at Bruges (Bruge) 15th of March, 5 King John. Further, in the reign of Edward III., 1 Maulever, meaning ' the bad hunter,' is not a complimentary epithet. The arms of the family are three greyhounds, and the story is that the founder, being about to loose his dogs for coursing, did it so badly that there was more likelihood of strangling the dogs than of catching the hare (Thoresby). John de Maulever was with Sir Miles Stapleton in France a.d. 1308, making preparations for the marriage of King Edward II. See Y. A. J., vol. viii., p. 92. io History of Haddlesey. when the Pope tried to obtain the removal of the Statutes of Praemunire and Provisors, a conference was held at Bruges, where the famous reformer, John Wycliffe, one of the King's chaplains, attended to represent the interests of England against the encroachments of the Papacy. All the witnesses to the charter of Henry de Laci are more or less significant personages, but it is important to get some idea of Henry de Laci himself as the superior lord of Ralph de Hastings, and of others who were bene- factors to the Templar Preceptory at Hirst. The founder of the family seems to have been Ilbert de Laci, Lord of Bois l'Eveque in Normandy, created an English baron about the year 1072 for his services to William I. at the conquest of England. His eldest son was Robert de Laci, Fitz-Ilbert or De Pontefract. He succeeded his father about 1090, and founded the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem at Ponte- fract. He married Matilda, of whom we know but little. Their eldest son was Ilbert, who fought at the battle of Lincoln on behalf of King Stephen, and was one of the leaders at the Battle of the Standard, a.d. 1138. His third brother was Henry de Laci, with whom we have most to do. He seems to have founded Kirkstall Abbey in 1177, and confirms the grant which "William de Villers (one of the signatories of his own charter confirming the grant to Temple Hirst) made to the newly-founded Preceptory of Temple Newsam after the suppression of the order so closely associated with Hirst. Robert de Laci, the only son of Henry, is one of the witnesses to the charter of his father confirming the gift of Henry Vernoil to Hirst ; he also confirms the dona- tions of his father to Kirkstall and other places at Ponte- fract Castle. He is succeeded by John, Constable of Chester and Baron of Flamborough ; and this latter by Roger de Laci, Baron of Halton and Constable of Chester. He died in 1212, and his gift of Bradley to Early Names and Charters. 1 1 Fountains Abbey is witnessed by William Fitz- William, Adam de Novo Mercato, and Henry his brother. We proceed, then, to quote the next considerable gift to the Preceptory at Hirst conveyed by the charter of Henry de Vernoil. Henry de Vernoil' s Charter. ' Let men present and to come know that I Henry de Vernoil have given and granted (and by this my charter and this my seal confirmed) to God, and the house of the Temple of Jerusalem, and to brother Robert de Pirou (who then held the house of Hirst), in pure and perpetual alms, freely and quit of all secular service, xxxiiii acres of land and the house of Randolph of Potterlaw, and pasture for one hundred sheep in the common pasturage of the town of Eggborough and my meadow that lies between the River Aire and the Shire Fleet free to have and to possess, for xii pence to be paid on the feast of Saint Martin. And for this grant the aforesaid brother Robert hath given to me of the charity of the house of the Temple vii marks of silver, and to Henry Hatecrist a half-mark, to free the land from pledge — the witnesses being : Ber- tram, Prior of Pontefract, 1 and the whole congregation, Jordan Foliot, 2 Adam the son of Peter (de Birkin), Thomas 1 The order of Black or Dominican Friars was established in Pon- tefract about 1256 by Edmund de Lasey, the son of John de Lasey (Constable of Chester, and by his wife Earl of Lincoln). See article in Leeds Mercury and Holmes's ' Black Friars of Pontefract.' 2 Jordan Foliot, one of the witnesses to this charter, was himself a benefactor to the preceptory at Hirst, having given to it forty acres of land situated at Fenwick, near Doncaster. He owned lands also at Firsby, in Lincolnshire. Gilbert Foliot was Bishop of Hereford from 1148 to 1163 ; Robert, from 1174 to 1186; Hugh, from i2l9.to 1234. William Foliot, formerly Rector of Brayton, gave two acres in Brayton to Selby Abbey. See Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, vol. viii., pp. 278, 279, for further particulars of the Foliots. He died June 5, 1258. 12 History of Haddlesey. his brother, Otto de Tilly, 1 Henry de Waleis, 2 Malger de Stiverum, William de Beleue, 3 Samson the son of Henry, Henry the son of Jordan Foliot, Jordan de Ledestun, and Alexander and John and Roger de Ruhal.who have granted and confirmed these.' Henry de Lacy's Charter, in Confirmation of the Charter of Henry de Vernoil. ' To all the sons of the holy Mother Church, both present and to come, Henry de Lacy giveth greeting. Be it known unto you that I have granted (and by this present charter confirmed) to God and the Blessed Mary and to the brethren of the Temple of Solomon all those lands which brother Robert de Pirou (Master of the Pre- ceptory at Hirst) obtained of my fee in the territory of Eggborough 4 in meadows and fields and ploughed lands ; namely, certain lands of the holding of Henry de Ver- noil and of Alexander de Rohal and of John de Rohal and of Roger de Rohal, to have and to hold in free and perpetual alms in such wise as the charters of the sub- scribers on their behalf witness. Now, this charter was made at Easter, when the lord Henry did hasten upon 1 Otto de Tilli. In notes on the Earl of Strafford's quarterings in Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, vol. vi., p. 374, mention is made of Sir Henry de Neumarch (or Newmarket), who married Dionysia, daughter and heiress of Otho de Tilli. 2 In the Pontefract Chartulary, under date April, 1248, mention is made of gifts by Richard Wallensis (or Waleis). — Yorkshire Archaeo- logical Journal, note, p. 533, Wapentake of Osgoldcross, by R. Holmes. 3 William de Belewe = Bella aqua. Thos. and John Bellaqua, Kts., and Lady Alice Bellaqua are in the list of those buried at the priory of the Blackfriars of York. See above, vol. vi., pp. 415, 416. 4 Judging from the fact that Poterlawe was in this territory, and the list of those paying poll-tax 2 Richard II. — e.g., Henry Shyrwood, merchant, 6s. 8d., with seven servants ; Margaret Shyrwood, inn- keeper, five servants ; with many others, including John Laverock and his wife, 4d., etc.— we may conclude that it was a considerable village in ancient times. Early Names and Charters. 13 his journey to Jerusalem ; the witnesses being Robert de Lacy, his son and heir ; A dam de Reinervil, seneschal .- 1 William de Builli ; 2 Thomas the son of Peter ; Thomas de Reinervil.' Endorsed ' Hirst.' Roger de Rohal's Charter. ' To all the sons of holy Mother Church, both present and to come, Roger de Rohal giveth greeting. Be it known unto you, that I have given and granted (and by this my charter confirmed), to God and to Holy Mary, and in the hands of brother Robert de Pirou (Pre- ceptor), and to the other brethren of the Temple of Solomon, Alan, my man, who was the son of a villain of Hirst, in pure and perpetual alms, 3 to have for ever, in freedom and quietness — the witnesses being William, chaplain of Kellington ; Alexander de Rohal ; William the steward ; Arengrimus ; Roger Arengrimus f William de Hirst, and many others.' Endorsed ' Hirst.' (Dodsworth MSS., folio 180.) 1 This name occurs with Henry the Clerk of Kellington and others to a charter of ' Roger, son of Walter de Witewode, giving 2 bovates of his demesnes in Withewode to the monks of Pontefract ; dated on the second lent after Sept. 27th, 1172/ when Henry II. swore at Avranches to take the cross from the Christmas following. — Arckceological Journal, vol. viii., p. 500, note. 2 Of the family of the Counts of Eu in Normandy and owners of Tickhill Castle. 3 This gift of a serf to charitable bodies seems to have been common, not only from the act of Henry de Vernoil above, but also from the fact recorded in Dugdale, that Nicholas de Stuteville gave Michael de Hamelscia, his villain, and all his progeny to the Dean and Chapter of St. Peter's, York. 4 Aregrim and Arnegrim both appear in names of tenants in capite, time of Edward the Confessor, in Domesday Book. 14 History of Haddlesey. The Charter of Adam, the Son of Lord John of Newmarket. ' To all the sons of holy Mother Church to whom the present writing shall come, Adam, the son of Lord John of Newmarket, giveth greeting for ever in the Lord. Be it known unto all of you that we for the health of our soul, and of the souls of our ancestors and descendants, have given and granted (and by this present writing declared quit of us and our descendants for ever) to God and Blessed Mary and to the Master and Brethren of the Order of the Temple of Solomon of Jerusalem, Peter, the son of Hugo de Moseley, once our serf, with all his issue, born and unborn, and with all his goods and chatties, acquired and to be acquired, without any reserve. On condition, namely, that the aforesaid Peter and his heirs be free men of the aforesaid Master and Brothers of the Order of the Temple for ever, and that they have free administration in the ordering and disposing of their goods and chatties according to their will. And for this gift and for the having of his freedom the said Peter and his heirs will pay annually to the Chapel of the Temple of Hirst to light the altar of the Blessed Mary one penny on the day of her Assumption. To hold and have the said Peter and his heirs free and quit of all service of us and our heirs to the aforesaid brethren for ever. And that so neither we nor our heirs nor anyone through us shall be able at any time, in any way, to assert or establish any right or claim on the aforesaid Peter or on his issue or on his goods or chatties, as aforesaid, we have caused our seal to be affixed to this present writing ' — The witnesses being Peter de Gypton, probably a member of the Priory of Pontefract ( Y. A . J., vol. xi., p. 29) ; William de Normanton ; William de Wad- worth ; Thomas de Venella (of the little house), in Hirst ; Roger de Behal, in Hausey {i.e., Haddlesey) ; Richard, the sen of Alan de Hausey (Haddlesey) ; Galfrid de Early Names and Charters. 15 Poterlawe, clerk ; Hugo de Landrik, clerk, and others (Dodsworth MSS.). The grantor of this charter is said (Baine's ' Yorkshire Past and Present ') to have held three knights' fees under De Laci, Earl of Lincoln, and also two knights' fees of the honour of the Earl of Warren. His father, Lord John of Newmarket, and his sons, Adam and John, are in the list of those buried in the churchyard of the Black- friars of Pontefract. But only the heart of Adam de Newmarket himself seems to have been deposited there (Holmes's ' The Blackfriars of Pontefract '). Adam de Newmarket was summoned to two Parliaments in the reign of Henry III., viz., in the years 1261 and 1265. He seems to have taken the side of the barons in their quarrel with Henry, and was taken prisoner at the siege of Northampton, a.d. 1264. In 1230 Adam de Newmarket founded the chapel of St. Nicholas, Cobcroft, in Dar- rington parish. Among the signatories to this charter is Roger de Behal, in Hausey. The italicised words open up material for inquiry. Where was ' Behal' ? The word often occurs in the course of this history, sometimes written Beghly. Had it not been said to be ' in Hausey,' an ex- pression frequently used in early records of Haddlesey, we might have concluded the allusion was to the township of Beaghal, in the parish of Kellington, but the appendage ' in Hausey ' forbids any such conclusion. ' Galfrido, of Poterlawe, clerk,' is also noteworthy, first of all as reminding us of the fact that whilst all Templars were not ecclesiastics, yet that in the order were clergy, so that they could be supplied with all the offices of re- ligion by members of the Templar brotherhood. Again, Potterlawe is a place whose name often occurs in connection with the /Templar preceptory at Hirst. I think the charter of Henry Vernoil makes it plain that Potterlawe was in the township of Eggborough, the site probably of what is now known as Sherwood Farm, and 1 6 History of Haddlesey. that after Henry de Vernoil's gift it was attached to the preceptory at Hirst as its grange, a very convenient arrangement for the brethren, in relation to their use of Kellington Church, made over to them by Henry de Lacy. In the records of Selby Abbey and elsewhere, from the way in which Potterlawe is spoken of, it seems to have consisted of several cottages as well as ' the house of Randolph,' mentioned in Henry de Vernoil's charter. In 1343 it appeared that there were tenements in Potter- lawe which the Abbot of Selby received from the Templars in exchange for tithes of Willoughton, Lin- colnshire. The etymology of Potterlawe, viz., lawe or low, a hill — as Taplow, Bucks, on the Chiltern Hills — well agrees with the site I assign to it, which is on rising ground. The next chartered gift to Templars at Hirst is that of Lord John Bellaqua, the son of Lord Thomas. This is a family whose name often occurs in the history of this parish. His daughter Sibill was married to Sir Miles, Baron Stapleton, of Haddlesey. The Charter of Lord John, Son of Lord Thomas de Bellaaqua. ' To all the sons of holy Mother Church to whom this present writing cometh, the Lord John, the son of the Lord Thomas de Bellaaqua, giveth greeting in the Lord. Know ye that I, for the health of my soul and for the souls of all my ancestors and descendants, have given and granted (and by this my present charter confirmed) to God and the Blessed Mary, and to the Master and Brethren of the Order of the Temple of Solomon at Jerusalem, a piece of land in the south copse of my wood of Byrne, in trenches, wherein it is inclosed, lying to the northward of the said Brethren of Hyrst, extending to the west over against the trench which is called " the Haddle- sey ditch." And this piece of land contains in itself six Early Names and Charters. ij acres of land, with forty perches and twenty feet, and with free entrance and exit, and that the said piece shall be enclosed at the will of the said Brethren and at the con- venience of the same Masters and Brethren for all days, to wit, henceforward to deal with it without any challenge or contradiction or hindrance on the part of me or my heirs. To hold and to have to the aforesaid Master and Brethren of the Order of the Temple of Solomon at Jerusalem of me and my heirs freely, quietly, completely, rightly and peaceably, whether there be more or less than six acres in the aforesaid piece of land, with all the appurtenances, liberties and easements appertaining to such a tenement, by payment to me and my heirs annu- ally of two shillings (solidi), that is to say, the one half at Whitsuntide and the other half at the festival of St. Martin in the winter, for all other services and demands and aids and tallages, and for all manner of services and customs. And all the aforesaid piece, with its trenches, I, verily, the said John and my heirs, will warrant and acquit to the aforenamed Master and Brethren of the Order of the Temple of Solomon at Jerusalem, to hold it for their separate use for all the days of the world, and in consideration of the aforesaid service will on all occa- sions defend it, even against all men and women. In witness whereof I have confirmed this present writing with the protection of my seal — the witnesses being Henry de Heck, John de Gowdal, William de Holm (i.e., Insula) Lord of Hyrst Courtenay, Roger de Behal, 1 John Balkoc de Hausay (Haddlesey), Roger, the son of Hugo de Hausay (Haddlesey), Galfrid de Potterlawe, clerk, and others.' Continuing the benefactions to Temple Hirst, I quote 1 We have not the words ' in Hausey ' repeated here, but doubtless, from later inquiries among the oldest inhabitants, this Behal is the place afterwards called Beghby, and represents the spot on which Haddlesey House now stands. 1 8 History of Haddlesey. and translate from Dugdale's ' Monasticon,' vol. vi., part ii., p. 838. Sir 1 Robert de Stapleton gave the Templars there the town of Osmundthorpe, a.d. 1172. This place is said to have been the Villa Regia of the kings of Northumberland. Thoresby speaks of it in his time as one mile from Leeds, on the Wye Beck. Page 839, Henry III., King of England, gave to the Templars a market in the town of Wetherby, in county of York , . . and also free warren in all lordships, manors and lands of his . . . and at Newsam, Wetherby, Ribstane, Hurst, Whiteley and Westerdale, in county of York. Page 840, No. xxvii. : Some of the signatures of witnesses to a charter of Roger de Mowbray of all his land in Ketely, Isle of Axholme, viz., Allan, chaplain of the Temple ; Peter, clerk ; Robert de Dayville, and Hamon Beleu, i.e., Bellaqua, are of interest to us. Also some of the witnesses to No. xxxiii. : A charter of Hawise de Grantvill of a gift of a bovate of land in Skelton, and of a toft in Wynhill. To God and blessed Mary and brethren of the Order of Solomon's Temple at Newsam, viz., Lord Robert de Stapleton and Jordanus de Insula (especially). But still more so No. xxxv., charter of John de Curteney of lands in East Hirst. This is from an autograph in the abbey of St. Mary's, York, and the translation is taken from an article in the Leeds Mercury. ' John de Curteney giveth greeting in the Lord to all seeing or hearing these letters. Be it known to all, that I, for the health of my own soul and of that of Emma my wife, and of those of my ancestors and survivors, have given, granted, and by this my present charter have confirmed to God and to blessed Mary and to the Brethren of the Order 1 He held two knights' fees under Henry de'Lacy. See Yorkshire Archaological Journal, Mr. Chetwynd-Stapylton's article on the Templars at Temple Hurst. Early Names and Charters. 19 of the Temple, all the land in the territory of East Hyrst according as the ditch of the said Brethren runs, and ex- tends from the boundaries of Carlton up to the ploughland of Hyrst {i.e., West Hyrst) ; and (as much is included in short and distinct speech) all the land in length and breadth in all ways and senses as the ditch of the aforesaid Brethren extends to and comprises ; to have and to hold to the said Brethren of the Order of the Temple, all the said land, with all rights and easements which can be conveyed to them freely, quietly, perfectly, and peacefully ; paying to me and my heirs annually ten shillings at two terms, namely, at Whitsuntide 5s. and at Martinmas in winter 5s., for every service and secular claim. Moreover I have given, granted, and quit-claimed to the same Brethren of the Order of the Temple, all common rights which I or my heirs or my men at Hyrst have or may have in the wood of the said Brethren of the Order of the Temple, that the said Brethren may enclose or clear their wood freely at will; to their greatest advantage, without any claim or hindrance (calumpnia) from me, my heirs or my men. And for this my concession, donation and quit-claim, the aforesaid Brethren of the Order of the Temple have granted and quit-claimed to me, my heirs and my men, all the common right which they or their men have or might have in my wood, so that I may enclose or clear my wood freely and to my greatest advantage without any claim from the aforesaid Brethren of the Order of the Temple or their men. And I and my heirs will guarantee, acquit and defend all the aforesaid land, for the aforesaid service, to the aforesaid Brethren, as it is provided. But as this my donation, concession, confirmation and quit-claim may continue for ever con- firmed and unimpaired, I have corroborated this present writing with the impression of my seal' Witnesses ; Lord Adam de Bellaqua, Henry de Beilaye, Jordanus de Insula, Simon de Rupe, Alan de Smitheton, 20 History of Haddlesey. John, son of Elias, 1 Ralph de Rohale, and many others. These names are interesting from their association with other transactions of the Templars, but I only stay here to notice one, viz., that of Ralph de Rohale, who is mentioned as giving one-third of Brayton Church to the monks at Selby ; see p. 221, Coucher book of Selby, charter of Ralph de Ruhale, cccxxxvi., witnessed by Hilard de Hecke, and others. The above charter of John de Curteney's is supposed to have been given ante 1227, and was followed by a final concord in 1234. The document, No. xxxiv., is headed : 'A fine raised, by John de Curteney and Emma his wife upon their lands in Est Hyrst' [19 Hen. III.]. 'This is the final concord, made in the Court of our Lord the King at York, on the Tuesday next after the feast of St. Hilary, 19 Hen. III., in the presence of Robert Bertram, Robert de Ros, Adam of Newmarket, William York and Jollanus de Nevill, justices itinerant, and other faithful lords of the King then present ; between brother Robert de Stanford, Master of the Order of the Temple in England, plaintiff, by Robert de Almanthorp, his attorney for gaining or losing; and John de Curteney and Emma his wife, defendants, of 60 acres of land, with their appur- tenances in Est Hyrst, whence it was agreed between them in the same court, viz., that the said John and Emma recognised that the whole of the aforesaid land with its appurtenances was the right of the said Master and Brethren, as that which the said Master and Brethren have of the gift of the said John and Emma, to have and to hold of the said Master and his successors, and the said Brethren of the said John and Emma, and the heirs of the said Emma, for ever. In consideration of paying to them annually 10s. sterling at two terms of the year; one half at Whitsuntide and the other half at Martinmas for every service and claim. And the aforesaid John and 1 Elias is said to have been Vicar of Whitkirk. Early Names and Charters. 2 1 Emma and her heirs will warrant, defend and acquit to the said Master and his successors and the aforesaid Brethren, the whole of the aforesaid land with its appur- tenances, for the aforesaid services against all men for ever. And, moreover, the said John and Emma remit and quit-claim for themselves and the heirs of the said Emma to the said Master and his successors and the aforesaid Brethren, all right and claim which they have in the common part of the wood of the Master and aforesaid Brethren of West Hyrst for ever, as in herbage and other things, so that the said Master and his successors and the aforesaid Brethren may enclose and clear of the same wood as much as they wish at their convenience without hindrance from the aforesaid John and Emma and the heirs of the said Emma for ever. And for this recognition, warrant, remission, quit-claim, fine and concord, the said Master remits and quit-claims for himself and his successors and aforesaid Brethren, to John and Emma and to the heirs of the said Emma, all right and claim they may have in the common part of the wood of the same John and Emma at Est Hyrst for ever, as well in herbages as other things, provided that the said John and Emma and the heirs of the said Emma 1 may enclose and' clear as much of the same wood as they 1 One feels that he would much like to know more about Emma, the wife of John de Curteney. Probably her husband was a Brayton man whose ancestral estate is said to have become the glebe land of the present vicarage. But for herself, evidently she was an heiress who brought the lands of 'Est Hyrst' to her husband, which were afterwards to be called by his name (Hirst Courtenay) ; and it is singular that East Hirst is the only township in Haddlesey parish which bears the name of a former proprietor. There is one other name connected with Est Hyrst as its ' lord,' and it is that of William de Holm (or Insula) as a signatory to the charter of Lord John Bella- aqua, and so I venture the conjecture that Emma, the wife of John de Curteney, was a daughter of the house of Insula, or de Lisle, as they were afterwards called. History of Haddlesey. 22 wish at their convenience without hindrance from the said Master and his successors and the aforesaid Brethren for ever.' Page 817: It is remarked 'that Temple Hurst in Yorkshire is in the Deanery of the Ainsty and Arch- ^^f^te^S SOUTH DOORWAY OF PRECEPTOEY. deaconry of the West Riding,' showing that that Deanery was not only very extensive, but that it even exceeded the limits assigned to it by Canon Raine, who says, in his ' York,' that ' The Ainsty is the tract of country bounded by the rivers Wharfe and Nidd and Ouse.' In the case of Temple Hirst it reached the Early Names and Charters. Aire, possibly because the great forest which surrounded York seemed to continue its area up to the banks of the Aire in this parish. In 'Kirkby's Inquest,' a.d. 1277, we read, 'Hirst Courtenay: John de Foxoles and his co-heirs hold there 2 carucates of land, for which they pay vs. & xd. as knight's fee.' CHAPTER III. ORIGIN OF THE KNIGHT TEMPLARS. OUR former chapter concluded with the mention of the gifts made to Knight Templars and their establishment in that part of our parish which previous to their connection with it was called West Hirst, as the other township of the same name was called East Hirst, before the manor was possessed by John de Cour- tenay, who made it over to the Templars for a payment of ios. yearly, as Sir Ralph de Hastings had previously done the other village — the word Hirst, I may explain, is a Saxon word signifying wood or grove, and so agrees with what we have previously said ; hence in the New Forest, Hampshire, Lyndhurst (the chief place in the district) is called, and really is, a wood of lime - trees, Linherst of Doomsday. But I think it will be desirable to turn aside awhile from the condition and development of the Order in our own parish to an inquiry which cannot fail to suggest itself to a thoughtful mind, viz. : The Origin of the Movement. In doing this we have to return to the early days of Christianity, to the time when all the events connected with the Saviour's earthly life and the main facts associ- ated with the world's redemption were fresh and real to human thought ; when those words of mingled weakness Origin of the Knight Templars. 25 and power, ' It is finished !' prolonged their echoing spell upon ears which themselves had listened or heard the repetition from the actual participators in the tragedies of the cross and the triumphs of the tomb. Very early in the history of the Church did travellers brave many dangers, and make long journeys and absences from home and kindred ties, at great cost of money, to visit Bethlehem, Galilee, but especially Jerusalem and the site of the cross, the tomb of the Saviour, and the mount on which the feet of Jesus rested last before His farewell to earth, until He comes again in the clouds of glory to reign victoriously in that very city in which He was put to open shame and cruel death. The Emperor Constantine (possibly a Yorkshire man), and his mother Helena, the Empress, erected churches over these sacred spots, and under the protection of the Roman eagles vast crowds visited the Holy Land at the end of the fourth century. The zeal with which these multitudes left the banks of the Rhine, the Rhone, and the Thames, to renew their baptism in the waters of the Jordan, and to gaze on the relics of the cross and to bow themselves before the tomb in Joseph's garden, shows how easily reverence may glide into superstition, and the material and the external be substituted for the spiritual and the inward. A modern writer and traveller (Dean Stanley), speaking of a recent visit to Jerusalem, makes the following reflec- tions, so apposite that I do not hesitate to quote them here. ' It is true ' (he says) ' that the places bring before us vividly the scene, and in many instances they illustrate His words and works in detail. But the more we gaze at them the more do we feel that this interest and instruction are secondary, not primary ; that their value is imagina- tive and historical, not religious. The desolation and degradation which have so often left on those who visit Jerusalem the impression of an accursed city, reads in 26 History of Haddlesey. this sense a true lesson : " He is not here, He is risen !" ' And that this was intended to be the feeling is clear from the question of the angelic messengers, ' Why stand ye gazing up into heaven, ye men of Galilee ?' and their added and significant declaration, ' This same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen Him go into heaven ' {Acts i. ii). But when the presence of those who had gone in and out with the Saviour, and their immediate disciples, had been removed, no wonder if sentiment should take the place of Scriptural sobriety, and superstition supersede faith ! And so men reversed the teaching of the Apostles ; instead of looking not at ' the seen and the temporal,' they fixed all their thoughts on these, to the exclusion of ' the unseen and. the eternal.' And even the legitimate use of these sacred places was perverted into most unchristian practices, e.g., they were made into sanctuaries, to which criminals might flee to escape the due reward of their crimes. A murderer returning from Jerusalem was revered as a saint ! So Shakespeare makes Bolingbroke to say when he is ap- prised of the murder of Richard II. at Pontefract, and charged with instigating the crime : ' I'll make a voyage to the Holy Land, To wash this blood from off my guilty hand.' Not only so, the Church of Rome in the eleventh century substituted pilgrimages for the penances of earlier days. And after a time these pilgrimages were enjoined not simply as meritorious, but even obligatory, and, as in our own days, those who could not go themselves might employ others to represent them. Hence hospitals and monasteries were built at Bethlehem and Mount Sinai, and rich merchants, such as those of Amain (' Les Moines d'Occident,' tome vii., p. 147), collected funds in the West even as far as Normandy for their maintenance. Origin of the Knight Templars. ij A rage for relics also sprang up, and with these developments of superstition originated orders of pro- fessional pilgrims, called Palmers, also supported by the alms of the faithful, and held in high repute, as we read in ' Marmion,' where the abbess exclaims : ' O holy Palmer ! For sure he must be sainted man Whose blessed feet have trod the ground Where the Redeemer's tomb is found.' But when Syria was overrun by the Saracens, difficulties arose. Jerusalem fell into the hands of the Caliph Omar after a four months' siege, a.d. 636. A mosque was built on the site of Solomon's Temple. Tribute had to be paid by the Christians. Christian churches were profaned, and persecution arose. The cry went up : ' Therefore, friends, As far as to the sepulchre of Christ Forthwith a power of English shall we levy To chase these pagans in those holy fields, Over whose acres walked those blessed feet, Which fourteen hundred years ago were nailed For our advantage on the bitter cross.' Henry IV., Part I., act i., scene 1. Yes, then sprung up the crusades. Hildebrand saw how good an opportunity it would afford to consolidate the ecclesiastical empire he was building up ; but he had work nearer home just then, and it was left to his suc- cessor, Urban II., to utilize the fanatical zeal of Peter of Amiens (or the Hermit, as he was called), who returned from the Holy Land furious at the Mussulman rule. Peter preached everywhere in churches and streets. He spoke of torrents of Christian blood being shed in Jerusalem. The people were deeply wrought upon by his fervid appeals, and promised to give themselves, their riches, and prayers for the deliverance of the holy places. 28 History of Haddlesey. But the actual commencement of the crusades dates from the Council of Clermont, a.d. 1095. Pope Urban presided, and as he ascended a lofty platform in the market-place of that town, he skilfully set forth the dangerous prevalence of the Turkish rule over territories once Christian in Asia and Africa, ' and exhorts the present and enjoins the absent to unite in the expedition which is to drive back the advancing tide of Saracenic conquest, and rescue the tomb of Christ from the grasp of the infidel. The multitudes responded " Dieu le veut " — " It is the will of God. It is the will of God." They fell upon their knees, confessed their sins, received abso- lution. Bishops, barons, knights, all swore to avenge the cause of Jesus Christ. The Pope tells them to wear the cross on their garments. " A red cross," he said, " as an external mark on your breasts and shoulders, as a pledge of your sacred and irrevocable engagement. Let no love of relatives detain you, for man's chiefest love ought to be towards God. Let no attachment to your native soil be an impediment, because in different points of view all the world is exile to the Christian." Then he puts in an assurance which would meet the needs of modern times : " God will be gracious to those who undertake this ex- pedition, that they may have a favourable year, both in abundance of produce and serenity of season. Those who may die will enter the mansions of heaven, while the living shall behold the sepulchre of the Lord." n 1 One of the things which Pope Urban did to support the crusades was to exact the firstfruits {i.e., the first year's income of benefices) and the tenth of every succeeding year as a tax in aid of these expedi- tions. When the crusades came to an end, not so this impost on the clergy, which went to swell the Papal exchequer. And when Henry VIII. rejected the Papal usurpation he coolly pocketed the tax laid on English benefices, and so it was received by the Crown until Queen Anne generously applied the money, amounting to some £16,000 or ,£17,000 per annum, to the augmentation of poor livings, under the name of Queen Anne's Bounty. Origin of the Knight Templars. 29 Great numbers of the clergy and laity at once impressed on their garments the sacred symbol, and begged the Pope to march at their head. This, however, he declined to do, and delegated that honour to Adhemar, the Bishop of Puy, who was the first to receive the cross from the Pope. As the council broke up, its members spread its spirit and resolve to all lands. An ancient chronicler quaintly remarks : ' The Welshman left his hunting, the Scot his fellowship with vermin, the Dane his drinking- party, and the Norwegian his raw fish !' Six millions of persons are said to have enrolled themselves as pilgrims of the Cross. In the month of March, 1096, the abortive movement, which cost Europe at least 250,000 people, took place under the leadership of Peter the Hermit and Walter the Penniless, arcades ambo ! When they met the Turks at Nice in Bithynia in the month of May, only 3,000 were left ! But as other portions of the crusading army came up under the leadership of Godfrey of Bouillon, the Turks were obliged to retire, a.d. 1097. The next place captured was Antioch, by stratagem. It is said that a Yorkshire Templar, Stephen, Earl of Albemarle and Holderness, led the rear-guard in this battle with Robert, Duke of Normandy. Another York- shire crusader, Sir Miles Stapleton, son of Sir John Stapleton, Controller of the Household under King Stephen (of the Richmondshire family), and who on his return from the Holy Land married Penrodas, daughter of the King of Cyprus, was associated with this expe- dition (see 'The Stapletons of Richmondshire,' by H. E. Chetwynd-Stapylton, Yorks, Archceological Journal, p. 70). The siege of Antioch left the crusaders with their numbers greatly reduced by sickness, desertion, famine, and intemperance, so that the hosts did not remove from Antioch until the month of May, 1099. After reaching Cassarea, and gathering supplies from the Emirs of Tripoli, Tyre, Sidon, Acre, and Csesarea, they advanced 30 History of Haddlesey. into the midland country of Palestine by Lydda, Ramleh, Emmaus, and Bethlehem (the very route now taken by the railway from Jaffa to Jerusalem), and descried the Holy City, the object of their toils and privations, on June 6. The horsemen dismounted from their steeds and walked barefoot. Some fell on their knees at the sight of the holy places, while others kissed the earth hallowed by the Saviour's footsteps. So the poet writes : ' Their naked feet trod on the dusty way, Following the example of their zealous guide ; Their scarf, their crests, their plumes, their feathers gay, They quickly doffed, and willing laid aside ; Their moulten hearts their wonted pride allay, Along their watery cheeks warm tears down slide.' It was a full month, however, before they took the city, and planted the standard of the Cross where the Crescent had unfitly waved. Frightful was the carnage. At the mosque of Omar the Saracens' blood (it is said) reached to the bridle of their horses ; neither women nor children were spared by these misnamed soldiers of the Cross Godfrey of Bouillon was chosen King, but he refused to wear a crown of gold where his Saviour had worn one of thorns, and so preferred to style himself Defender and Baron of the Holy Sepulchre. He only reigned one year, and was buried on Mount Golgotha. His brother Baldwin succeeded him, and assigned apartments or lodgings to the crusaders in a building close to Solomon's temple, hence the name of Templars (Militia Templi Solomonis ad Ierosoluma). The actual constitution of the order did not, however, take place before the year 1118, when Hugo de Paganis, Galfridu de St. Audemaro, and seven other French knights, joined themselves together professedly as the servants of Christ, adopting the so-called monastic vows of poverty, celibacy, and obedience, adding to these a fourth, viz., that of perpetual war against the infidel, so as to keep Origin of the Knight Templars. 31 open the roads along which Christian pilgrims might travel in safety to the Holy Land. To these four rules were added others, drawn up by Bernard of Clairvaux (best known as the author of the hymn ' Jerusalem the Golden'), on the basis of the Cistercian statutes, and accepted at the Council of Troyes, 1128. The object of these rules was to combine monasticism with a military life. The Templars were also called the 'Poor Soldiers of Christ,' and their personal possessions were to be restricted to their horses and military equipments. They were ex- pected to avoid superfluous articles of dress, to abstain from hawking and other sports, and to sleep under con- ditions which modern civilization would hardly permit to convicts. They were not allowed to write or receive letters or presents from parents or relatives without the consent of the Master. Other rules were enjoined which betray the belief that their vow of celibacy would be badly observed. In fact, great as was St. Bernard un- doubtedly in purely monastic discipline, yet he showed his inexperience when he attempted to graft on to the rule of St. Benedict the habits of secular knighthood, and ere long symptoms of failure appeared. But in the meantime the patronage of the famous Abbot of Clairvaux gave a fresh impulse to the crusading movement, and, by the vigour of his exhortations, a new expedition set forth from France and Germany, chiefly in 1147. The principal achievement of this crusade on the part of the Templars seems to have been the raising of the siege of Antioch, which, owing to the death of Raymond, its Christian prince, had fallen again into the power of the Saracens. But Baldwin, the King of Jerusalem, at the head of a body of Knight Templars, prevented the entrance of the foe into the city of Antioch, and followed up his successes so gloriously as to obtain possession of Ascalon, which had hitherto withstood all the efforts of the Christians. History of Haddlesey. But the Templars did not maintain their position in the East without many reverses, owing to the demoraliza- tion and disorder which seems to have overtaken them whenever they were disengaged from military operations. So, in 1187, Saladin recovered possession of the Holy City, in spite of the valour of a portion of its defenders, including now the two military orders of the Knight Templars and the Hospitallers. The treachery of Raymond, Count of Tripoli, had much to do with this disaster; but the fact of his unjust treatment by Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, shows at least the want of true Christian principle, which alone could maintain the dignity of such an enterprise. The news of this calamity, however, raised Europe again to fresh efforts for beating back the victorious foe. This third crusade is additionally interesting to us on account of the exploits of our own King, Richard the Lion-hearted. By his exertions, in which several York- shiremen, notably Sir Miles Stapleton, aided, the siege of St. Jean d'Acre was raised. Joppa and Ascalon fell as trophies to his prowess, and Jerusalem itself would pro- bably have been added to his conquests had not the designs of Philip of France compelled Richard to enter on a three years' armistice with Saladin that he might return to England. Richard made over his conquest in Palestine to the Knights of St. John, who thus became a sovereign order, and established their headquarters at Acre, and in honour of their patron-saint called St. Jean d'Acre. The appearance of this city at this time has been set forth in the following terms : ' Beautiful as it is even in our day' (modern travellers, such as Thomson, Bonar, Tristram, rather qualify this phrase), 'it was yet more beautiful when, seven centuries ago, it was the Christian capital of the East. Its snow-white palaces sparkled like jewels against the dark woods of Carmel, which rose Origin of the Knight Templars. 33 towards the south. To the east there stretched away the glorious plain, over which the eye might wander till it lost itself in the blue outlines of hills on which no Christian eye could gaze unmoved, for they hid in their bosom the village of Nazareth and the waters of Tiberias, and had been trodden all about by the feet of One whose touch had made them holy ground. That rich and fertile plain, now marshy and deserted, but then a very labyrinth of fields and vineyards, circled Acre also to the north ; but there the eye was met with a new boundary, the snowy summits of a lofty mountain range, whose bases were clothed with cedar ; while all along the lovely coast broke the blue waves of that mighty sea whose shores are the confines of the world. And there Acre lay among her gardens ; the long rows of her marble houses, with their fiat roofs, forming terraces odorous with orange- trees and rich with flowers of a thousand hues. . . . You might walk from one end of the city to the other on these terraced roofs ; and the streets themselves were wide and airy, and the shops brilliant with the choicest merchandise of the East, and thronged with the noblest •chivalry of Europe. It was the gayest, gallantest city in existence ; its gilded steeples stood out against the moun- tains, and above the horizon of those bright waters that tossed and sparkled in the flood of southern sunshine and in the fresh breeze that kissed them from the west. Every house was rich with painted glass, for this, though rare yet in Europe, was lavishly employed in Acre, and, perhaps, first brought from thence by the crusaders. Every nation had its street, inhabited by its own mer- chants and nobles, and crowned heads, including the Emperor of Germany, the Kings of England, France, Jerusalem, etc., had each their court and palace.' It is important to remember that this city is mentioned in the Old Testament as Accho, meaning sandy or sultry; , and in the New, Acts xxi. 7, as Ptolemais ; that it still 3 34 History of Haddlesey. has a place in history, and stands out conspicuously among those few cities which have a continuous existence of over three thousand years. Three other crusades followed, but at length the Turks held undisputed sway over all the spots which had been so desecrated by unchristian strife, and polluted by un- christian vices, making the very name of Christianity an object of execration, instead of attraction, to those who might have been led to embrace its truths and exemplify it's blessings under a course of procedure more consistent with its character. With the fall of St. Jean d'Acre, a.d. 1291, all hope of guarding the holy places of the East by the Templars and their allies passed away, and consequently the raison d'etre of the organization was removed. It could not, then, be altogether surprising if some excuse were not pleaded sooner or later for appro- priating the wealth of this richly endowed body by some of their numerous enemies. We may, then, well pause and consider not only what possessions were attached to the Preceptory of Hirst in our own parish, as we have already done, but also con- sider the possessions of the Order in Yorkshire generally. Although Hirst was both in point of time and in other respects the chief of all the preceptories in the North of England, yet Ribstane enjoyed the distinction of being founded by Robert de Ros, owing to the friendly exhortations and a visit paid to England by Hugh Payen (or Hugo Paganus), the first of those knights who enrolled themselves in the Templar Order. During the two hundred years in which the Knight Templars flourished, they had numerous friends in Yorkshire. From a list by no means exhaustive, we find that the Templars held property, consisting of landed estates, houses, townships, advowsons of churches, tithes (as in this parish), water-mills, wind-mills, market -tolls, rights of free-warren, fisheries, and numberless other privileges, Origin of the Knight Templars. 35 in some sixty places in Yorkshire. No wonder, then, that the failure of the Templars to protect the Holy Land from the intrusive power of the Arabs led some to question their right to retain the wealth lavished upon them as the sacred militia of the holy places. But before entering on this phase of Templar history, I think it right to refer to other parts of our parish than those so completely absorbed by the doings of this Order. ggjrozsg^^gjggs^^j^^gsgs^g^g^^^gg ggisgg^^^^ggg^^^^^^ggij CHAPTER IV. TOWNSHIP OF HADDLESEY— EARLIEST HISTORIC RECORDS. WE turn now to those portions of the parish which not only give their name to the parochial entity, but are also in themselves of larger area, more numerous population, and of more enduring interest. The establishment of the Templar preceptory, in the twelfth century, in the eastern portion of the parish, absorbed for awhile attention to it as one of greatest publicity and prominence. But, nevertheless, we shall find, as we continue our story, material for in- teresting record in the west as well as in the east. The first mention of Haddlesey in any historic document is probably early in the thirteenth century. From Yorkshire deeds in Public Record Office : ' B. 1022. Grant by Nicholas de Burstal to his daughter Agnes, of a portion of assart in the wood of Caiteford abutting upon Hadelsay Lane. Witnesses: Robert de Pauely, Hugh son of Hugh de Lascy, or rather, nephew of Ilbert de Lascy and others (named). Seal. r And Mr. E. H. Chetwynd-Stapylton, in his pedigree of Stapelton, kindly sent me privately, quotes a charter of 46 Hen. III., i.e. 1262, in which ' Miles Bassett is said to have free- warren East Hamsy, and Midel Hamsy, Ebor.' Earliest Historic Records. 37 But we may get, perhaps, the best idea of the sort of people inhabiting Haddlesey in the twelfth century by quoting some extracts from the first volume of the ' Coucher Book of Selby Abbey,' recently published under the auspices of the Yorkshire Archaeological Association. And first, we may preface that the people of that day con- sisted of the lord and of his tenants. There were the sochemani, or sokemen : ' The works of the sokemen are these : Each one ought to plough once in winter before Christmas Day, according to the plough which he has. He who has no plough ought to find one for half a carucate of land. He ought also to plough once in spring in the same manner. The ploughman (carucaiores) ought to have to eat wheaten-bread and flesh (panem frum' et carnem), and ale to drink in winter, while they have day (dum diem habenf), in spring wheaten-bread and fish to eat, and ale to drink during their day's work. Every tenant of one bovate of land ought to find one harrow (herciam) in winter and another in spring, like one who holds two bovates, except six men who hold six bovates, of whom every one ought to find two harrows in winter and two others in spring. The harrowers ought to have to eat wheaten-bread and flesh or fish once a day. Every horse (caballus) shall have one sheaf [garbam) of oats in spring while the harrowers are eating, but in winter none. Also, every one ought to find a man to hoe for one day, with food like the harrowers. Every tenant of one bovate ought to find a man to reap in autumn for two days, like him who holds two bovates, except six men who hold twelve bovates, each of whom ought to find two men to reap two days, who are to eat once a day, and have wheaten-bread with flesh one day, and fish the other, with pottage (potagio). Every tenant of one bovate ought to give twopence for mowing meadow, like the tenant of two bovates, except six men holding twelve bovates, each of whom is to give fourpence. Also every 3 8 History of Haddlesey. one of them ought to find a man to toss the hay (ad [fenum] levandum) in meadows for one day, without food, except the six who are each to find two men. Every bovate ought to carry one cartload of hay and, one cartload of corn, without food. ' It should be known that every ploughing is worth in winter without food 2d., and in spring 2d.; every harrow- ing without food, £d. ; hoeing one day without food, |d. ; mowing without food, £d. ; tossing hay in meadow, without food, Id. Every cart carrying hay or corn is worth £d. — Sum of the works in money, 27s. 6d. ' Work of one bovate without food, 5d. ; and so one bovate yields with farms and services, 25d. 'The aforesaid sokemen hold one culture by itself containing forty acres, called Northmor, which yields half a marc. ' Every tenant of land owes suit of court, his relief, 16s., amercement, 5s. 4d. ; and their merchete, 5s. 4d., etc' (From a contributor to Yorks. Weekly Post.) Secondly, the villani, or villains, though by no means necessarily villainous in our modern sense of the word, but persons very much in the position of the agricultural labourer as regards his work, but differing from him greatly in some other respects ; e.g., though they had a bovate or oxgang of land, and sometimes more, to culti- vate, they could acquire no private property, neither land nor goods ; their daughters could not be married without the lord's consent to what was considered an injury to his property. Still, the law forbade atrocious cruelty on the part of the lord to his villain. In course of time they acquired freedom, and they became copyholders of the manor to which they respectively belonged. There were also the bordarii, or cotarii. Bordarii probably comes from bord, a cottage or wooden hut. They had no oxen, but cultivated some four or five acres of garden - ground. They performed inferior Earliest Historic Records. 39 services of a miscellaneous character, such as grinding and thrashing corn, drawing water, and cutting wood. Both the villains and the bordarii had to do with crofts and tofts, as we shall see in many of the records we quote from in this history; so it may be well to explain now that 'tofts' were patches of land around the villains' houses; a "croft,' an acre at the back of the same; 'feorm,' or 'farm,' was food and entertainment supplied by a villain to the lord of the manor when he visited his tenants. There were also the serfs, or slaves ; a class below the villains, though, like the nativi, or niefes, children of villains, bound to the soil, as much as their cattle or stock, though sometimes, as we shall see, set free, and so made liberi, or freemen. CXXXIV. Charter of Peter, son of John Dodde of Selby: Gives to William, son of Gilbert of Hayelsay, i.e. Hathelsay ('y' being written for ']>'), his heirs, assigns, etc., a ' certain messuage in the town of Selby, in Mikel- gate, between the toft of Roger Marescall and the toft of Peter Hussald, one end whereof abuts on the highway, and the other over against the pond of the Lord Abbot of Selby,' to have and to hold, on payment annually to the Lord Abbot of twelvepence at Pentecost and Martinmas in two equal portions, for all services and claims, and ' to me and my heirs one grain of pepper on Christmas Day.' Witnesses : The Lord Walter the Chaplain, Henry Sy- ward, and Roger Marescall. CCCXXXVIII. Charter de Henry Vernoil : Alex, son of Thomas the Parson of Kellington, is mentioned. CCCCLXI. Cartas de Hath'say, i.e. Haddlesey. Charter of Robert of Stiveton, or Steeton (a town- ship in the parish of Bolton Percy ; contained 5J carucates of land, whereof Rd. de Stiveton held 4J car- ucates of Walter de Fauconberg, who held the same of the heirs of Brus, and they of the barons Mowbray, who 40 History of Hadcttesey. held of the King in capite, by the annual rent of 7Jd.) : Deed of grant by the above to the sacristy of St. Ger- mains, Selby, for service of the light at the altar of B. Mary, Hugh, son of Ailricus of Hausay, and his heirs, viz., of the tribute which was paid me for that land which he held of me freely and quietly and honourably, in the town of Hausay, viz., the toft where is a house and garden, which lies between the toft of Robert Sutor and the toft of John Dernel and the new road, and whatever belongs to me in Estker (Carr), and half an acre of meadow on the east. . . . xij d for all secular exactions, etc. ; vj d at the feast of St. Martin, and vj d at Pentecost. — Witness : Dominus John de Birkin, who also witnesses the deed of Alexander de Ruhale, CCCCLIX. CCCCLXII. Charter of Ralph Miller of Haddlesay : The said Ralph binds himself and his heirs to pay to the Abbot and brotherhood of Selby xij d annually, viz., half at Pentecost and half at St. Martin's, in return for a certain toft which he holds of them in the town of Hausay. Among the witnesses to this deed is Thomas de Bella-aqua. CCCCLXIII. Charter of William de Euermu : The said William grants to Hugh, son of Walter, and his heirs, the tenement which Ralph the villain held in Hausay (i.e. Haddlesey) of Osbert of Bayeux, with all its appurtenances as Godfrey and Ralph held in same town — 'to hold of me and my heirs, "in hereditary fee," on paying two pounds of pepper ' annually at the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula. And for this concession and grant the aforesaid Hugh has given me vj s . Witness : Robert de Euermu. CCCCLXIV. Charter of Walter de Euermu : ' Gives to Hugh, the son of Walter, and his heirs, Ralph, the son , of Ailsus (nativus meus), i.e., the son of his serf of Hausay, with all his offspring, chattels, etc. And for this grant the aforesaid Hugh has given ' iiij solidos et unum Earliest Historic Records. 41 talentum.' It is not easy to say what would be the equivalent of this sum in modern money, as the talent varied in .value from £100 to £50, and even to £1. But this deed proves that the serf was a marketable com- modity in England in the twelfth century ; and that such transactions took place here in Haddlesey, Hugh, who was a small freeholder, buying Ralph, the son of Ailsus ; the deed being witnessed by Robert de Euermowe, Sigerus de Archel, and others. CCCCLXV. Charter of Alan, Prior of Drax and his convent: The Prior gives to Hugh, son of Walter, men- tioned in the two previous deeds, his heirs, etc., one toft in Middle Hausay (for homage and service), on the west side of that town, and fifteen acres of land in the wood of Hausay, which lies in an essart (i.e. clearing) towards Gateford boundary (i.e. the site of the modern Paper House Farm), and six acres of meadow in the Mick el- marsh; to be held in fee and heirship honourably, with all easements and common rights of the aforesaid town of Hausee, ' by paying to us annually two pounds of pepper within the octave of St. Peter ad Vincula for all kinds of secular service ' ; and Hugh and his heirs are warranted the possession of the aforesaid land and tenements against ail men. Witnesses : Paulinus the Deacon, and others. CCCCLXVI. Hathelsay : Charter of Ralph, villain. — Grant of the aforesaid Ralph, villain to Hugh, the son of Walter ' of all my land at Hausay ' which I hold by gift of Osbert of Bayeux, and which Ralph, the son of Ailsus, held (seeNo.CCCCLXIII.), i.e., one toft in Mediana Hayelsay (Middle Hathelsay) towards the west in the wood of Hausay in an essart, six acres of meadow in Mickelmarsh, to be held of me and my heirs, etc., in wood and clearing, and meadow and pasture, in roads and footpaths, in waters, and with all privileges and easements belonging to the town of Haddlesey, by paying to me, etc., annually, one pound of 42 History of Haddlesey. pepper at the feast of the apostles 1 Peter and Paul, for all secular service and demand. . . . For this grant the aforesaid Hugh has given me xx s in acknowledgment. Witnesses : Osbert Clericus de Schirburne, Otho of Barke- ston, Humphrey de Villi, and others. CCCCLXVII. Charter of Hugh, son of Walter : Deed of grant of the above to God and the Church of St. Germain of Selby, and to the monks therein serving God, ' of all my lands in the town of Hathelsay, with its appur- tenances ; viz., below the town, two tofts and six acres of meadow, and in plough land, xx acres, to have and to hold in free alms, on payment of two pounds of pepper yearly at the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula (August i) ; in the English Church (Lammas).' Witnesses : Henry Wales or Wallis, of Burgh Wallis, near Doncaster, Robert de Wykerlay, and others. CCCCLXVIII. Charter of Roger, son of Goodrich de Hausay (Hathelsay) : Greeting in the Lord. For the benefit of his own soul and that of his ancestors and descendants, and for the soul of Alicia his wife; he gives to God and the Church of St. Germain at Selby, and the Abbot and the monks therein serving God, two acres of land complete, and lying together in the eastern part below ' my essart, which lies between the assart of Lord Thomas Bella-aqua and the essart of Hugh de Lacy ad- joining the wood of Gaiteford, to have and to hold, etc., in free alms ; which two acres of meadow they may enclose with ditches without any hindrance or contra- diction, at their own will and convenience, this I warrant and confirm with my seal.' Witnesses : Lord Thomas de Bella-aqua, Hugh de Mar. CCCCLXIX. Charter of Robert de Willegby: Grant of one toft with buildings and appurtenances to the monks of St. Germain, Selby, in free alms for the soul of the said Robert de Willegby. The premises are described as 1 June 29 and 30. Earliest Historic Records. lying between the toft of Ralph, deacon of Kelington, and a toft of Ydannia de Polington. Witnesses : Thomas de Bella-aqua, Milo Basset, Ralph the Deacon. Names of the Tenants of the Abbey of Selby at Hathelsay, a.d. 1247. William, son of Robert, holds of the Lord Abbot one messuage and twelve acres of land in Westhathelsay. John Mallynson of Gaiteford, half of the toft which William, son of Nelson, had in Westhathelsay. Thomas Gemme holds in Medilhathelsay one toft and half a bovate of land. John, son of Adam of Medilhathelsay, holds one toft and one croft, one bovate containing 3 acres of land in Medilhathelsay. William, son of Richard Balcok, mercer, holds one toft and one croft and a bovate of land in Medilhathelsay. William, son of Miles, holds one acre of land in West- hathelsay, of the Lord Abbot, ' in the place called Est harr.' CCCCLXX. Charter of David, Abbot of Selby (i.e. David de Cawood, a.d. 1262) : To all whom it may concern, know that I, David, by the grace of God, give and demise to Eve, former wife of Adam de Barkston, and her daughters Isabella and Hawise, one messuage and bovate of land, with all appurtenances, in the town and territory of Hausey, which is a gift for the aforesaid women until we provide " maritagium '^ for Isabella and Hawise, and for Eve a service by which she can get food and clothing, iij solidos being paid to us and our church half-yearly at the feast of St. Martin and Whitsuntide, so that the aforesaid Eve, Isabella, and Hawise can neither sell the land nor alienate it, nor marry without our permission.' 1 That is, the duty which devolved on the owner of a serf to provide marriage for the daughters of his vassals. 44 History of Haddlesey. If they do, the deed goes on to say, ' the property reverts to the monastery. In witness, etc., we have placed our hands : John de Selby.' CCCCLXXI. Charter of Robert de Willeby, son and heir of Robert, Lord of Willeby : Know, all men, that I have appointed Ralph de Milford my attorney for placing the Abbot of Selby in full possession of a meadow in Westhausy, of which formerly there was a contention between us, saving the dowry of Lady Alicia, formerly my father's wife, concerning the same meadow, and all services to Lord Robert de Everingham, Hugh de Lascy of Gaiteford, and Henry of Burn, for tenements in the same town, due for a time to my father, and assigned to the Lady Alicia, formerly my father's wife. Given at Selby die LuncB proxima. CCCCLXXII. Hathelsay: Charter of Robert de Stiveton : Know all men, etc., that I, Robert of Stiveton, have quit-claimed for myself and heirs for ever, Ailsie de Hausay and Peter and Adam, and Hugh and Robert, his sons, with all their children, etc. In confirmation and witness of this I have placed my seal to this deed. Wit- ness : Adam de Bella-aqua. CCCCLXXIII. Charter of Cecilia, former wife of William de Nell de Hathelsay : Know all, that I, Cecilia, former wife of William Nell de Hathelsey, remit and give again to the quiet possession of the Abbot and monks of St. Germain, Selby, in the street called Mickelgate, all that I have or may have by way of dowry, etc. Witnesses : John le Chamberlain de Seleby, Henry Irnis, Walter de Linberght, John Etelaf, Thomas, son of Hugo, and many others. After the preceding charters we come to Kirkby's Inquest of County of York, etc. Kirkby's Inquest of County of York, taken in a.d. 1277 (Kirkby was consecrated Bishop of Ely, 1286, and died 1290 a.d.). The inquest was attested at Clifton, York, Earliest Historic Records. 45 March 5, 1281. We read 'Lord 1 Miles de Stapleton holds there with one carucate of land in Brayton which Walter Bassett held, with one carucate of land in Barneby, being a fourth part of a knight's fee, fifteen carucates going to the fee.' Calendar of the Patent Rolls— Patent 9 Edw. I., No. 29, a.d. 1280. ' The King grants to Sir Nicholas Stapleton a house and 5 bovates of land (about 90 acres) at West Halsey. . . . Payment to be made to the King of 40s. per ann. for all service. December 1, by the King at West- minster.' This property was on the banks of the Aire, the site of Haddlesey House. In 1293 the same Miles de Stapleton answers to a writ of Quo Warranto, ' That he has free warren in all his lands in Est Hausy and Middlehausy, by charter of the said King (Hen. III.) in 48th year of his reign, granted to Miles Bassett, 2 the grandfather (avus) of the said Miles de Stapleton, whose heir he is,' etc. He married Sibill, eldest daughter and co-heir of Sir John de Bella-aqua, or Bellew, Kt., and Baron, Lord of Carlton. In the same inquisition we read, ' Hathelsay. In the same town is half of a knight's fee, and it is held of the Earl of Lincoln, and the Earl holds it of the King, and pays for it ijs. vd.' Then at p. 344 of the same we read : ' Est and West Hathelsay, iij villis Nicholas de Stapleton.' And p. 439, Inquisition of articles touching movable goods liable to fine in the Wapentake of Barkston : ' They say that Lord Miles de Stapleton 3 holds two parts of the (villatse) large town of West Haddlesey of the King in chief, and pays 40 shillings annually to the King ad sac- 1 He was the first Baron. 2 In Selby Coucher Book, p. 209, an essart of John de Mikelhurst, held of Agnes, wife of Miles Basset, is mentioned. At p. 211 of same book this Agnes is described as a widow, and her father's name given, J. de Lascels. 3 A.D. 1304. Miles de Stapleton is mentioned as Constable of , Knaresborough Castle. 46 History of Haddlesey. cariam (the power of levying fines and exercising jurisdic- tion). Dated at Shireburn 4 of Edw. II. (1311).' This same year Miles de Stapleton pays a fine to the King of twenty shillings for license to give certain tene- ments in West Hathelsey and East Hathelsey to a certain chaplain to perform Divine service every day in the chapel of St. John (the Baptist) about to be rebuilt by the said Miles in the aforesaid town of Est Hathelsay. ' 8 of Edw. II. Milo de Stapleton is reputed to hold Esthathelsay Maner cum Westhathelsay 3 partes.' ' This Sir Miles granted to the Master and Brethren of the Knights of the Temple at Temple Hurst all his right and claim to a certain meadow called the Calf Enge ; to a croft in which is a corn mill that the Master and Brethren held of his fee in Hathelsay, elsewhere described as "in Est Hathelsay, opposite to the gate of Hyrst." One toft and five acres which Ingelard, son of Roger of the Temple, holds in West Hathelsay. One toft and three acres which Robert de Camelford of the Temple has in the same town. One toft and four acres which Richard Ayr of the Temple holds in the same place. One toft and half a bovate that Hugh, the tailor of the Temple, holds in the same place. One toft that Adam, son of Hugh Balcok of the Temple, has in the same place, and one toft, one bovate, and seven acres that Alan Balcok of the Temple holds in Middel Hathelsay. Given at Ribstane the Friday next after the feast of St. Matthew, Apostle, a.d. 1302.' — Cart. Had. 84 A, 44 and 42. This last quotation appropriately leads on to a resump- tion of our notice of the Templar preceptory in this parish. A preceptory was an establishment under the care of an officer called a Preceptor, appointed by the Master of the Order not only as a place of residence for a certain number of knights, but as a centre from which the estates of the Order in the neighbourhood could be supervised. CHAPTER V. THE KNIGHT TEMPLARS : THEIR GROWTH DECAY. AND THEIR WE closed our third chapter with some re- marks on Templar history, suggested by the fall of St. Jean d'Acre, a.d. 1291. We now resume by remarking that from the time of the Templar settlement in England, viz., early in the twelfth century, they acquired immense possessions of lands and houses in nearly all parts of Eng- land. A very interesting record of the estates held by them in the year 11 85 still exists in the Record Office in London. This book con- tains the results of an inquisition of the lands, churches, and mills bestowed upon the Templars, made, as stated at the com- mencement of the manuscript, by Geoffrey Fitz- Stephen, Master of the Order, when he was appointed to the Bailiwick in England. Here I may explain that the government of the Templars was vested in the Grand Master, who had his lieutenant immediately under him, also a Marshal Treasurer, etc. The different countries in which the PILLAK HEAD OF SOUTH DOORWAY OF PRECEPTORY. The Knight Templars. 49 property of the Order was situated were called provinces, each province having its own Grand Prior, Grand Pre- ceptor, or Master. Under the Provincial Master were the priors or bailiffs, and under the bailiffs were the preceptors, or heads of a local manor or establishment, such as Temple Hirst. The book which contains this survey of the property of the Templars in England is in itself a great curiosity. Its covers are of stout oak covered with leather, on which are stamped various devices in the form of seals. The writing is good, and the capitals are coloured, but not illuminated. To return to Temple Hirst. We have already re- marked on the high place which this preceptory filled in the history of the Order, but we think also that it was chosen by Sir Walter Scott for perpetual fame when he wrote of Templestowe in his romance of ' Ivanhoe.' The readers of that volume will remember that the chief places which define the locality within whose limits the incidents of the story must be sought are Burton- on-Trent in the extreme South (see p. 271, Black's edition), and York or Copmanthorpe in the North — the chief transactions being near the Valley of the Don, and including the site of the present town of Rotherham and the castle of Coningsborough, the ruins of which yet remain. The only establishment of the Knight Templars sufficiently contiguous to the hermit's cell at Copman- hurst, the forest retreat of the outlaws, the castle of Athelstane and the hall of the Saxon Cedric, indicated by the name of Templestowe given by Scott, must be either Temple Hirst or Temple Newsam. Temple Hirst seems to be the more likely place, first because it lies more probably in the route which the work referred to seems to indicate as that which was taken by the leading characters in the romance, and furthermore the romance states that while the minstrel and Friar Tuck were con- 4 50 History of Haddlesey. versing outside the walls of the preceptory of Temple- stowe, the heavy bell of the church of St. Michael, a venerable building situated in a hamlet at some distance from the preceptory, broke short their argument. Now, it is distinctly mentioned that the church at Kellington (Kelintoun) was a dependency of the manor of Temple Hirst, and is included in the returns made of the pos- sessions of that manor ; in addition to this, there are distinct proofs of its having been the church of the Templars, and its actual distance from the preceptory harmonizes with the statement that the tolling bell of that church might be heard from what we claim as the site of Templestowe, while I fail to find any similar arguments adduced on behalf of Temple Newsam as the competing site. 1 Having dwelt on this point, let us proceed to consider the estates which were in possession of the Templars at the suppression of the Order so far as this county is con- cerned. By carefully comparing a large number of state- ments, published and unpublished, there seem to have been about seventy distinct properties in Yorkshire be- longing to the Knight Templars at the time the Order was suppressed. The value of these lands, estimated by the standard of to-day, would be equal to a much larger sum than their nominal £2,500 per annum. No wonder that such an accumulation of wealth and influence as would accompany such large possessions made them an object of envy, so that their ruin was determined upon as mentioned in Chapter III. As early as 1307 a Bull had issued against them from the Papal Court, and in January 1 Another consideration which greatly supports the previous con- tention arises from the fact that Mr. Morritt, of Rokeby (Scott's great friend), was the owner of Shirwood, the site of the ancient Potterlaw, once the property of the Templars. It is not too much to assume that this circumstance would be a matter of conversation between the author of ' Ivanhoe ' and his friend. This property still belongs to a member of the same family, the Dowager Lady Barrington. The Knight Templars. 5,1 of the ensuing year orders were issued that the persons of the Templars should be seized and their possessions sequestrated throughout England. As regards Yorkshire, this order was executed by Sir John de Creppinge, High Sheriff of the county. Greenfield, Archbishop of York, summoned a provincial council to which Templars from all the northern counties were cited for the purpose of hearing the charge brought against them. Ivo de Elton, the last Preceptor at Temple Hirst, is not among those who were imprisoned at York, or examined by the council there (Y. A. and T. Journal, vol. x.). Some of the Templars, seeing that their position was a helpless one, pleaded guilty to the crimes and heresies of which they are accused, and threw themselves on the compassion of their enemies. By this they obtained absolution and small pensions, or corrodies, for their maintenance, or were drafted off into neighbouring monasteries, such as Selby and York. Whilst some of the Templars bowed their heads to the storm with cowardly pusillanimity, others courageously and indignantly repelled the odious and untrue charges made against them. Of these were an English Templar named Brother Humbert Blanke, Grand Preceptor of Auvergne. He appears to have been a knight of the highest character, and of stern, unbending pride. From first to last he had protested against the violent proceedings of the inquisitors, and fearlessly maintained, amid all trials, his own innocence and that of the Order. This illustrious Templar had fought under four successive Grand Masters in Palestine, had escaped the slaughter at St. Jean d'Acre, and after its fall led in person several daring expeditions against the infidels. He accompanied the Grand Master from Cyprus to France, from whence he crossed to England and was committed to the Tower of London. As he would not plead guilty to the charges brought against his Order, he was tortured and half starved for the space of five years, 52 History of Haddlesey. finally loaded with double chains, until at length death put an end to his sufferings. James de Molay, the Grand Master of the Temple, was also confined in French prisons for five and a half years. He had yielded to the pressure brought to bear upon him so far as to make a confession, which ' he afterwards disowned and stigmatized as a forgery, swearing that if the cardinals who had subscribed to it had been of a different cloth he would have proclaimed them liars, and would have challenged them to mortal combat.' On March 18, a.d. 1313, a striking scene was ex- hibited in Paris : a scaffold was erected before the Cathe- dral of Notre Dame, and the citizens were called together to hear the Order of the Knight Templars ' convicted by the mouths of its chief officers ' of the crimes charged against it. Four knights, loaded with chains and surrounded by guards, were then brought on to the scaffold, and the Bishop of Alba read aloud their pretended confessions. ' The Papal Legate then turned towards the Grand Master and his companions, and called upon them to renew the avowals previously made of the guilt of their Order.' ' Hugh de Peralt, Visitor-General of the Order, and the Grand Preceptor of the Temple of Aquitaine, assented ; but the Grand Master, raising his arms bound with chains toward heaven, advancing towards the edge of the scaffold, declared with a loud voice that to say that which was not true was a crime both in the sight of God and man. " I do," said he, " confess my guilt, which consists in having suffered myself, through the pain of torture and fear of death, to give utterance to falsehoods, imputing scandalous sins and iniquities to an illustrious Order which hath nobly served the cause of Christianity. I disdain to seek a wretched and disgraceful existence by engrafting another lie on the original falsehood." He was here in- terrupted, and Guy, the Grand Preceptor (brother of the The Knight Templars. 53 Prince of Dauphiny), having protested his innocence in vigorous terms, they were both hurried back to prison. King Philip of France was no sooner informed of these proceedings than he commanded the instant execution of these brave men. At dusk of the same day they were led out of their dungeons and burned to death over a slow charcoal fire on the little island of the Seine, close to the spot where now stands the equestrian statue of Henri IV. au Pont Neuf. It sounds like irony that the monarch who was guilty of these cruel and barbarous proceedings should bear the name of Philip the Fair. An old writer has quaintly re- marked that this tyrant, ' thinking that the Templar hive was full of honey, determined to burn the bees.' This he did literally by wholesale barbarities all over his kingdom. In England the feeling was more favourable to the Templars, but as Philip was countenanced in all his plundering inhumanity by Pope Clement V. (a creature of his residing at Avignon instead of Rome), their persecu- tion with a view to the overthrow of the Order extended to this country. As early as the year 1307, April 3 (1 Edw. II.), a writ 1 (No. 9) was issued commanding the Sheriff of Yorkshire to 1 Kenrick gives a list of these documents at p. 63. The bundle in the Public Record Office, London, is marked ' T. G. 41,156,' and con- tains several files and loose documents. First file : No. 17 refers to Hyrst, Wednesday after Epiphany, 1 Edw. II. No. 217 mentions an inquisition relative to a corrody claimed by William Constable of Ireland, out of the House of the Temple of Hyrst. Roll endorsed, ' Ebor. Prime extente per Vic' : No. 3 : Inquisitions of lands in the wapentakes of Osgotcrosse and Barkeston Pottertowe, Sabbath, March 2, 1 Edw. II. No. 9 (see above). No. 10 : Long inventory of goods at Temple Hirst, Potterlawe. And at Welington (Kelington), the last imperfect. Separate roll marked ' H. C. H. 3,399,' indented, with writ annexed : No. 1 : Directing the Sheriff of Yorkshire to deliver to Adam Hoper- ton, whom the King had appointed steward, etc., of the Manors of 54 History of Haddlesey. deliver to Milo de Stapleton the Manor of Temple Hirst belonging to the Knight Templars, with all the lands and buildings belonging to the Order, both there and also at Birne, East Hirst, West Hathelsay, and Middle Hathelsay (sometimes called East Haddlesey, and, although erro- neously, Chapel Haddlesey) together with the Manor of Kelyngton and the church there, and the Grange of Potterlawe and the lands there, as well as all the goods and chattels of the Templars to be found in these places, and the said Milo de Stapleton was to give account of the revenues arising from these places to the Barons of the King's Exchequer. The number of these accounts and their excellent pre- servation in the Record Office, London, reads a lesson as to the change passing over earthly things, inasmuch as they show that a place which has nearly dropped out of all remembrance, now once occupied a large space in the eyes of the rulers of this country. These compotuses take us back over five hundred years, and supply a vivid picture of the manner of life pursued by our forefathers at that period in the spots we now occupy. Instead of the sounds of military revelry and the presence of men who had fought beneath an Eastern sky with the renowned Saladin, we hear the piercing shriek of the railway whistle, and behold the rapid evolu- tions of machines which gather in crops in a few weeks instead of the months occupied by the agriculturists of the Middle Ages. Temple Hurst, Neusom, and many other places (p. 66, Kenrick), with all goods and chattels, etc. (Langele, July 15, 3 Edw. II.). P. 66, Kenrick, File No. 49, writs, etc., 5-7 Edw. II., marked 'H. C. H. 6,826': No. 1 writ relates to allowances out of Hyrst Manor. N.B. — Hyrst is mentioned in addition to Temple Hyrst in Roll ' H. C. H. 3,399.' Whether this is Hyrst Curtenay or Hyrst in the Isle of Axholme does not seem quite clear. The Knight Templars. 55 But to return to the accounts of Sir John de Crepping. We find him first of all giving credit for the sum of £\ 7s. 9^d. as rent and manor dues from the free tenants of Temple Hirst. He then accounts for £12 14s. gd. realized by the sale of 14 quarters of wheat, 2,500 and 3 bushels of rye, 4 quarters of barley, 6 of peas, and 54 of oats. He also sold a horse and foal, 3 large pigs and 22 smaller ones, 9 capons, and 24 fowls for £4 12s. By the sale of hides of 25 animals, which-died from the murrain, he makes 8s. 3d. He also sells the pigeon-cote for iod., 3 oxen, 18 fat pigs, 8 sheep, 1 stone of soap and 5 of cheese for £2 16s. 2d., and for the hides of the cattle last mentioned he received 2s. gd. more, making a grand total of £25 2S. 6f d. His payments are first of all small claims to the heirs of John de Courteney, and to the Abbey of Selby, and to William Constable a corrody 1 of 2d. a day as keeper of the Manor of Potterlawe', then for repairs of carts and ploughs 10s. 3d. He has to purchase salt and other medicines for the shepherd's use for young cattle. He also paid wages at 2d. a day (equal to 2s. 6d. of our money), from January 10 to April 14, 15s. 8d. He, John de Crepping, further handed over to Milo de Stapleton 3 mares and 2 colts, the latter being down with the plague. But we are favoured with a complete inventory of the stock and implements belonging to the preceptory at Temple Hirst, and as information of this kind is not very accessible to the majority of persons, and by no means uninteresting as a record of English life in this neighbourhood during a period from which we are daily receding, I do not like to withhold the details. Inventory. s. 29 Oxen valued at ... 12 d. g Heifers ... s. ••• 5 d. 11 Cows and one Bull g 4 Calves ... 1 6 1 From conrody, eating together, referring to the custom of bene- factors sending their old servants to feed in these institutions. 56 History of Haddlesey. s. d. s. d. I Boar ... ... 3 1 Colt and 2 do., 2 3 Sows ... ... i 8 years old 4 6 12 Hogs I 3 2 do. raised on the io Pigs ... ... o 8 Farm 1 8 4 Mules for the carts io 288 (cciiij xx viij) i Mule and 3 Fillies, Wether Sheep ... 1 3 years old ... 5 226 Ewes ... 1 130 Lambs - os. 8d. In the Granary. s. d. s. d. 46 quarters of mixed 132 quarters of Wheat ... ... 3 4 large Oats 1 6 38 do. of Corn ... 4 58 do. small do. 1 57 acres of sown 14 acres of Rye Corn ... ... 6 8 sown 1 Hay got in valued at £16. 12 oxen from Scotland, 6 ploughs with all their equipments valued at 12s. ; 2 carts, 1 of which is broken, 13s. ; 1 hand-cart with harness 3s., 2 waggons 5s ; 3 dung forks, 2 spades, 4 flails, 4 forks for the corn, 18s. the lot. In the forge — 1 anvil, 1 pair of bellows, 2 pair of tavellce {i.e., instruments for branding cattle), and 1 curved anvil, all 10s. In the hall — 2 tables with tressels 2s., 2 sleeping tables or benches 2s. 8d. In the cellar — 1 alms-box value 6d., 3 chests 3s., 1 salt- cellar of pewter 2d., one tankard bound with iron, 2 do. not so bound, 6d., 1 large cask and 6 ban els 4s., hand- baskets 6d., and 2 tubs of salt meat. In the kitchen— 1 brass pot is., 3 smaller do. 12s., 1 small pitcher is., 2 brass pans is. 6d., 1 cooking-pot 2S.- 6d., 1 mortar and pestle 2d., 2 tripods 8d., 3 knives 3d., iron chain 2d., an axe 4d., and 1 pair of mills (molce) for mixing grits with salt 6d. The Knight Templars. 57 In the bakehouse — a leaden vessel 4s., 3 large measures is. 6d., 1 sleeping-table 8d., a cask for sifting flour is. In the brewhouse — 2 leaden vessels in the furnace 10s., 1 large vat 3s., 2 smaller do. 3s., 6 brewing vessels 3s., 3 measures (algece) is. 6d., 4 wine vessels (tymcz) is. 8d., and a leaden vessel for steeping grain 13s. 4d. In the dairy — 1 leaden vessel is., 1 do. measure for liquids 3d. In the chapel — 1 chalice 13s. 4d., 1 missal 6s. 8d., 1 breviary in 2 volumes 6s., 1 Psalter 2s , 1 vestment for Sundays 8s., and for festivals with 2 blessed towels and a frontal 10s., 3 surplices and a rochet 2s. 6d. — the mention of this latter robe seems to imply that bishops occasionally officiated or visited at this Templar establishment ; we shall probably refer to this point later on in our history. In addition to the preceding, the chapel contained a cross, 2 candlesticks, a pyx (i.e., a box in which the Romish priests place the wafer after consecration), a thurible for incensing, and a boat for containing incense before placing it in the thurible or censer, also a chest. These last items were all valued at 4s. In the dormitory also were 2 chests valued at 4s., and on the banks of the Aire, which flows close to the pre- ceptory grounds, were 2 old boats and 3 old fishing-nets. There were also 4 corn measures and a winnowing-cloth valued at 8d., wherewith to conclude the list of goods and chattels. But we have not done, for in the Grange at Potterlawe (a place we can now verify as Shirewood, in the township of Egborough) there were 35 quarters of small oats (by estimation, for the corn was still in sheaves) valued at is. per quarter, also 27 acres of sown rye priced at 5s. per acre. Also at Kelyngton, which we have before observed belonged to Temple Hirst, there were 5 cart-horses valued at 4s. each, 1 measure at 4d., 16 quarters of rye (in sheaves), only valued at 3s. 4d., and therefore seemingly 58 History of Haddlesey. not so good as that at Potterlawe and Temple Hirst ; 6 quarters of barley at 3s., 10 quarters of large oats at is. 6d., and 22 do. of small ones at is. Then follows a statement that the inventory was sealed at Hirst on the first day of December, in the fifth year of Edward II., i.e. 1312. And here I supplement this list of furniture, stock, imple- ments, etc., from another inventory ' made on the Wed- nesday after the Epiphany 1 Ed. II. by Will, de Ros de Bolton " miles " and Laurence de Hethe ' (? Heck) ' at the House of the Temple of Hyrst,' which appeared from the pen of Mr. E. H. Chetwynd-Stapylton, in the Yorkshire Archceological Journal, vol. x. : Total of corn (summa granarum), £16 13s. 4d. In the stable — a riding horse (verrante) valued at 30s., 1 colt at 20s , 8 pack-horses at 7s. each, 2 yearling colts ios., and 10 foals at 2s. each. Also 36 cart-oxen at 10s., 1 bull at 7s., and 20 cows at 7s., 11 wether sheep and 246 ewes at i8d. Total £17 16s. 6d., with hay for the sheep and other animals. Also 43 pigs, including 3 boars and 6 sows at i8d., 12 hoggets at gd., and 13 porkers at 3d. Also 9 capons, 9 cocks, 15 hens, worth together 3s. i|d. Implements — 4 ploughs with iron gear at 8s., two old carts bound with iron at 13s. 4d. the two, 4 carts not bound at 7s., 4 waggons at ios., 1 iron-bound wood-cart, 1 hand-cart at 3s., 10 dung-forks at iod., and 7 hay-forks at 7d. ; forge tools and 15 pieces of iron worth altogether 9s. io£d., and 2 books at 4d. At the fishery — 2 boats, one worth 20s. and the other 7s. 8d., 1 large net and 1 cable 20s., 3 round nets and a seine 5s. Chapel — 1 silver chalice and one gilt do. ios., 1 missal valued 6s. 8d., 1 breviary in 2 volumes ios., 1 Psalter 2s., 2 graduals ios., 1 ordinal i8d., 1 collect-book i8d., and another ordinal 8d., 1 vestment with 2 napkins 13s. 4d., 1 vestment cum tuniclo de almaculo cum caponthoria. These The Knight Templars. 59 words are not a little puzzling ; the}' may be intended for cum lunic[u]lo dalma[ti~\culo, etc. Whether it be so or not, evidently these garments were intended for the vestment and stole of the sub-deacon at Mass. And here we may remark that the mention of silver and gilt chalices among the goods of the chapel shows that the Templars had their celebrations with the accompaniments of wealth. It was only richly-endowed churches or chapels which possessed such chalices ; others had to be content with glass ones. It was at the Council held at Westminster a.d. 1 175 that chalices of metal inferior to gold or silver were forbidden to be used. We resume the list of chapel furniture, and as it proceeds we see further proof of the fact that provision was made for a considerable number of clergy and a degree of pomp and dignity not customary in village churches, e.g., ' one vestment for Sundays 8s., and one for festivals with two napkins 10s., three surplices and one rochet 2s. 6d./ as in previous list. In the hall (or treasury) there are thirty charters. How much we should like to have them to con over, but, alas ! they have followed the way of the Order, i.e., to destruction. But they were sealed up in one box, and two more charters in two other boxes, bearing the seal of Lord William Ros, before mentioned. Three trestle tables valued at 2s., and 2 dormant tables {tabid, dor.) attached to the wall 20s., a washing-basin I2d., 1 towel (mappa) and napkin (manutergium) 5s. 6d., 2 other towels and 2 napkins, 2 mazer cups, 1 iron-bound tankard 4d., 1 cask (dolium) iod. (reminding one of the modern 'dolly-tub'). In the larder — 8 barrels 4s. 4d., 2 troughs (alvei) for salting meat i2d., 3 carcases of beef (carkos bourn) at 4s. each, 18 pieces of bacon at 2s. each, 10 carcases of mutton 6d. each, and 1 piece and a half of goat's meat. In the kitchen — 1 brass pot (olla) 10s., and 4 more worth 13s., 2 wax tablets for writing on (ceracula) 2s. each, 1 brass vessel 2s., 2 salt-cellars (patella) i8d., 1 caldron 60 History of Haddlesey. (cacabus) 2s. 6d., i iron pot 8d., 2 pipkins (cressett.) <\d., 1 imator (? imaginator — embroiderer) . In the brewery and bakehouse — 1 vat (algea pro braseo fundrando in plumb at 0) 10s., 1 copper (plumbum), 3 water- butts (alge&aquce), two leaden boilers {plumba in fornace) 10s., 1 grater (micatorium) 3s., 3 tubs (cuvce), 5 cheeses {pan. casei), etc. Total value £124 8s. J&. Queen's Remembrancer's Office, T. G. 41,156, V¥* Kt. Templars, Edw. II. Additional MSS. 6,165. 1307. An inquest was held at Potterlawe on March 2 (1 Edw. II.), by command of the King, to ascertain the value of all the lands and benefices held by the Templars in the wapentakes of Osgotcrosse and Barkston. The names of the valuers were : Matthew Mailing. Hugo de Potterlawe. Will, de Fal. de Kellington. John Malyn de Egburgh. Robert, son of Robert de Alex. Cocky de Rohall. Kellington. Will.le Mareschall de Carle- John, son of German de ton. Kellington. John de Birne. John Cocky de Kellington. John Aleyn de Hathelesay. Alexis, son of Sarre of Eg- John, son of Will, de Thorp. burgh. Will, de Camelford de Ric. de Vendur of Kellington. Hathelesay. Simeon de Monte of Kell- Ran. de Hirst. ington. Peter de Bretton. John, son of Ric. Vendur. Peter ad Potam de Culeton. The valuation of Temple Hirst includes the following items : £ s. d. A capital messuage (with a close containing a dovecote) value per annum ... ... o 20 o 160 acres of arable land value per annum ... 4 o o £ s. d. o 15 10 6 8 The Knight Templars. 61 5 acres of meadow value per annum 5 acres of pasture „ ,, 40 acres of wood ,, ,, And the said lands are in the hands of the King, and held of Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln ; but by what tenure the valuers are ignorant, and they also say that the said lands have been bestowed by the ancestors of the said Earl for a subsidy of land, of the site of which they are ignorant. There are also at Temple Hirst : £ s. d. 3 acres of pasture value per annum ... ... o 6 o 10 acres of meadow „ ,, ■■■ ... o 30 o 1 windmill, which, with its site, is worth per annum ... ... ... •■• ••■ o 13 4 And these lands are in the hands of the King, and held by Milo de Stapleton, and the ancestors of the said Earl have bestowed them for a subsidy of land of the site of which the valuers are ignorant. There are also in Birne 6 acres of arable land, the gift of John de Belowe (Bellew or Bella-aqua) for 2s. per annum for all rent and service. There are also 30 acres of arable land in ' Est ' Hirst value per annum 10s., which the Templars pay annually to John de Curtenay for all service. They have also in Temple Hirst and East Hirst fixed free rents value 27s. gd., and bond rents value 69s. nd., both yearly. Also in West Hathelsay and Middle Hathelsay fixed free rents value 8s. gd. The yearly value of all these lands is £14 7s. 7£d. At Kellington the premises are : £ s. d. 1 capital messuage (with a close containing a dovecote) value per annum ... ... 6 8 History of Haddlesey. £ s. d. 3 bovates of land value per annum ... ... o 24 o 7 acres of land ,, „ ... ... 2 4 1 acre of meadow ,, „ ... ...040 1 windmill ... ... ... ... ... ... o 8 o Also 8 bovates of land held in villeinage value per annum ... ... ... ... ... o 64 The Templars also hold the church at Kelyngton for their own use, value per annum £33 6s. 8d. ; except the vicarium, which is worth £40. Total value with the church, £40 13s. 2d. 1 The lands and tenements of the said church are in the hands of the King, and are held by the heirs of Henry de Vernoil — in pure and perpetual charity and in aid {in subsidio) of the Holy Land of the grant of the said Henry de Vernoil. In Potterlawe there is no house ; there are 34 acres of arable land, value per annum ns. 4d. ; 15 acres of meadow land, value per annum 60s., held of the heirs of the said Henry de Vernoil as before. Twelve acres of arable land, value per annum 4s., held of the heirs of Ralph de Roale on the same terms and for the same purpose as the preceding lands. They have also at Potterlawe free fixed rents value per annum 2s., and rents of tenements held by the heirs of Henry de Vernoil as before. The total sum is £3 17s. 4d. At Hethensale (Hensall) they have lands value per annum 3s. 2d. At Smetheton (Kirk Smeaton) they have in free fixed rents 50s. held of the heirs of Richard Foliot by the pre- sentation of the said Richard for a chaplain to celebrate divine service daily in the chapel at Temple Hirst. 1 We should have expected this total to have been .£73 6s. 8d. The explanation is that the revenues of the vicarium were leased away for twenty-eight years, so only a nominal sum was yearly left. The Knight Templars. 63 £ s. d. 14 7 /2 40 13 2 3 17 4 3 2 3 3 11 -62 5 2i Also Richard de Waleis pays a yearly rent of 15s. for a water-mill at Burghen-walleis, given by the ancestors of the said Richard in aid of the Holy Land (i.e., Templar house there). Total value £3 3s. nd. Total value in wapentakes of Osgotcrosse £50 7s. yd. Sum of the preceding, £64 15s. 2^d. The items given which should make up the total of £64 15s. 2^d. are : Temple Hirst.. Kellington Potterlawe Hethensale Smethall — but there is a deficit of £2 10s. od. Under the heading Contrarient L-a-n-d-s — W. A. 3,352, 16 Edw. II. (i.e., a.d. 1323), we find a roll of 2 membranes containing the extent of: The Manor of Standale forfeited 1 by Roger Damoy. Query Downay, Daunay. Also of Fanflet by John de Mowbray. Also of Temple Newsom and Carleton (by the same). Also of Temple Hirst by Robert de Holand. Also of West Hathelsay and East H. by Nich. Stapleton. a.d. 1323. Transcript of the manors of our lord the King in county York. Under Temple Hirst we find the following : It also appeared that Lord Robert of Holand (Sir Robert Holland, secretary to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster) had plough-land at Temple Hirst which contained a messuage with a garden which is worth vs. annually. 1 Because of their part in Lancaster's rebellion. See forward, Chapter VIII. 64 History of Haddlesey. And there is in the same place a dovecote which is worth xiid. annually, and used to be worth iijs. iiijrf. There are also in the same place cc acres, whereof each x. acres is worth iiiji. annually. Total vjs. viijt?., and each acre used to be worth vjd. There are also xxv acres worth is. each acre annually. Total xxxs., and each acre used to be worth iiijs. There is also pasture valued separately at xs. per acre, which used to be worth xxs. There is also pasture ' in water of the Ayre ' (i.e., the Ings) valued at vs., and not worth more. There are four free tenants, viz., Alan ' de Melano,' who holds one messuage and xv acres, and three who hold ' for provision and service homage,' and pay iiijs., with suit of court twice a year (duos advent, ad curiam). Also Richard Shippeman, who holds one messuage and pays xviijd. per annum, with suit of court twice a year. Also John Hubbard, who holds one messuage and viij acres, and pays iis., etc. Also Alan Griffyn holds one messuage and 3 acres, and pays xviijd. per annum. ' There are also six villein tenants (bondi), who pay 15s. iod. for 40 acres of land and meadow, and their houses, and 16 cottarii, who pay 27s. 6d. ,;t — the total being only £g 3s. 3d., as compared with £14 7s. 7^d. in 1308. The following extracts from Yorkshire deeds in Public Record Office are worth quoting : (5i.) ' A 315. Grant by Matilda Bigot, Countess of Norfolk and Warenne, to Richard de Ottele, her chaplain, of the tenement with its appurtenances which she bought of Ranulf the Chaplain of Torn, in Torn and Fislac, to be held of her and her heirs, paying therefor yearly 3s. 8d. 1 See Yorks. A. and T. Journal, vol. x., p. 442. The Knight Templars. 65 to the Knights Templars at Hurst. For this grant the said Richard has paid 15 marcs. Witnesses : Sir Adam de Neyreford, Sir John Lemveyse, Sir Roger de Lund[on], Master Richard de Freyssinfeld, Alexander de Stubbes, Thomas de Steynford, and Thomas de Mortemer, of Aitfeld.' Fragment of seal. (52.) ' A 316. Grant by Ranulf the Chaplain of Torn, to Matilda Bigot, Countess of Norfolk and Warenne, of his tenement and appurtenances in Torn and Fislake, paying therefor yearly 3s. 8d. ' Fratribus Milicie Templi Salo- monis,' at Hurst. For this grant the aforesaid Matilda has paid 20 marcs. Witnesses : Sir Roger de Lund [on], Sir John Lenveyse, Richard de Castro, and others' (named). These inventories are of great interest as giving us an insight into the domestic life of the period in general, as well as of that of the Templars in particular. The greater abundance of some articles in 1308 over those enumerated in the inventory of 1312 may suggest that in the interval the Templars had disposed of some of their goods, in view, it may be, of the impending troubles ! We note from a preceding page that it was as early as 1307 when a writ was issued to the Sheriff of Yorkshire to hand over to Miles Stapleton the manor of Temple Hirst, with lands and buildings, etc. From what we know of this nobleman, he would not act with harshness towards the Templars, but, on the contrary, may have been very willing to treat them with leniency, and so they may have reduced their movable goods and chattels before surrendering their premises. Be this as it may, the buildings round the preceptory, and the preceptory itself, have suffered much less than the majority of such places, both from the ravages of time and the violence of the spoiler, or by the improve- 5 6o History of Haddlesey. ments (?) of modern iconoclasts, who think nothing per- fect but that which their own unskilled hands have wrought. Remembering that the Templary preceptories were generally plain and substantial rather than orna- mental buildings, we can trace the outlines of their erections without much misgiving as to their accuracy. In doing this I am greatly indebted to the kind help of Mr. E. H. Chetwynd-Stapylton, who explored the premises with me in 1882, and kindly allows me to use the ground-plan which he made for insertion here. I may add that the preceptory proper had evidently a moat Cart-Shed Stable Cottage V/ 4 Cellar Lb di "■■:■■:; ■:,',;■:: ;:zaz; | West I Barn 1 Paved Court East Barn GROUND-PLAN OF PRECEPTORY. around it at one time, of which there are remains on the north side, with the narrow gateway through which only one mounted horseman could pass at a time. This is another feature special to Templar establishments. What difference there is arises from the tower at the east end, now greatly reduced in height, and, as we write, being surmounted with over-sailing courses of brickwork on the top, which alters its appearance, especially as seen from the railway. There is a large room to the west of the tower, about forty feet by twenty feet, which would well Destruction of the Knight Templars. 67 serve as hall or refectory ; then comes more westerly still an apartment which gives the idea of the chapel, and it has a projecting chamber or closet on the south side, with a raised dais, which might have served for altar. The rough cast is now stripped from the walls, and barns and out-buildings remain much as they may have been 700 years ago. No doubt the use of the preceptory as a residence by the Darcys and others has greatly con- tributed to its preservation, but of this we need not speak now. The hour was approaching when those who had erected these buildings, as well as the Grange at Potter- lawe, were to be scattered abroad, and other men were to occupy their premises and profit by the fruit of their labours in clearing the woods and cultivating the land. ' They perished, in one fate alike, The vet'ran and the boy, Where'er the royal arm 1 could strike To torture and destroy ; While darkly down the stream of time, Devised by evil fame, Float murmurs of mysterious crime, And tales of secret shame.' Lord Houghton, 'Persecution of the Templars,' Yorkshire Archceological Journal, vol. ix. The Templars were conveyed to York from the northern counties, and confined in the castle during the autumn of 1309. A provincial council was summoned for May 20, 1310. Among the names of those who had been ex- amined between April 27 and May 4 of that year occurs that of ' Ivo de Houghton,' which may mean Ivo de Etton, Preceptor of Hirst ; if so, it does not appear 1 If this refers to Philip, King of France, it is severely true ; but it must not be forgotten, in justice to the unfortunate King of England, Edward II., that he was coerced by the Pope and by Philip the Fair, whose daughter 4ie unfortunately married, and whose shameful treat- ment of her husband was on a par with her father's conduct towards the Templars. 68 History of Haddlesey. that he escaped imprisonment, and the supposition may- only be due to the misnomer. When we consider that occurrences which took place at this preceptory are the alleged cause of proceedings against the Templars north of the Humber (though not the exclusive cause, as we read of charges against them at Halton, Colton, and Newsam, for hunting contrary to the statutes of their Order), yet the prominence given to the evidence of ' Master John de Nassington, who declared that Milo de Stapleton and Adam de Evring- ton (? Everingham), knights, told him that they had once been invited to a great feast at the Preceptory of Templehirst, and were there informed that the Templars celebrated a solemn festival once a year, at which they worshipped a calf !' Other most odious, disgusting, and self-contradictory charges were brought against the Templars, e.g., that at their chapters they worshipped a cat, a man's head, a black idol, and then that their chaplains ended the pro- ceedings by reading Psalm lxvii. The decree which declared the Order of Knight Templars to be forever abolished in England was promulgated by Archbishop Greenfield from Cawood on August 14, 1312. In 1323 the King appointed Humphrey de Waleden and Richard de Ikene seneschals of the castles and towns of Tykhill and Scarborough, and keepers of the Park of Heyura (? Healaugh), and the manors of Faxflete, Carlton, Hachelsey, Temple Hirst, Barley {i.e., Barlow, modern name), Sandall (? Sandhall upon the Ouse), and Temple Newsam, with their respective appurtenances in the county of York. Next year some of these places fell to the Hospitallers. Here we may pause to note what happened to those who were the chief actors in the destruction of the Templar Order. Thirteen months after the execution of the last Grand Master of the Temple, James de Molay, Effects of the Templar Movement. 69 in Paris, the Pope was attacked by dysentery and speedily died. His dead body was placed in the church at Car- pentras, and, taking fire, was unintentionally cremated ! His relatives quarrelled over the immense wealth he left behind him, and a large sum deposited in a church at Lucca for safety was abstracted by a band of robbers. Before the close of the same year, Philip, the King of France, probably the most criminal of all the enemies of the Templars, had his last days embittered by misfortune ; the nobility and clergy combined to resist his exactions, his family were disgraced by their infamies, and he him- self died of an incurable disease. The malefactor whose evidence was used as a pretence for the arrest of the Templars was himself hanged for additional crimes. Whilst our own King Edward II., the least culpable of all the sovereigns responsible for the ruin of the Templars, had from the time of their downfall mis- fortune following misfortune, until his miserable life was ended by a horrible crime in Berkeley Castle. Having thus dwelt briefly on the miserable results to the leading actors in this great tragedy, we may well devote a few lines to a review of the effects of the Templar movement on the social, moral, and intellectual character of the age during which the Order existed. To begin, we learn that, however great the enthusiasm of those who undertake an enterprise, yet if there be zeal without knowledge the design must fail. The idea of combining the profession of a monk with that of a soldier only needed the cold breath of adversity to dispel the vapouring sentiment of mistaken piety from which the design was evolved. The complete failure of the crusades well illus- trates the value of the homely proverb that ' the cobbler should stick to his last.' When Bernard of Clairvaux foretold the success of the crusades, he showed that though he could pen sweet melodies, and soar aloft in holy meditation ; that though he was mighty in the synod jo History of Haddlesey. and in the monastery; yet that in the organization of military expeditions he failed painfully and hopelessly. Still, dark and disastrous as were the doings of the Templars for the most part on the sacred soil of Syria, it would not be right to say that the mighty conception of the monk of Clairvaux yielded no fruit. The very gather- ing of the multitudes for the ostensible purpose of pro- moting religion and morality, humanity and brotherhood of man as men ; the defence of women from outrage, and the suffering from oppression, breathed a new thought into the stagnant body of brutality and violence which more or less prevailed among the nations in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The crusades gave a new idea to chivalry, which had heretofore been limited to the posses- sion of wealth and the bearing of arms. According to the notions of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, a land- less being could not be a gentleman, as arms could only be carried by way of vassalage and for hire. When, therefore, men went forth at their own charges, as during the crusades, not simply in obedience to a lord or sovereign as the token of their subjection, but willingly impelled by an unselfish and not a servile motive, it lifted the profession of arms on to a higher platform, and made it possible to a wider circle of society. Again, we may assert that the crusaders extended knowledge both geographically and historically. They created historians as well as furnished material for their pens. Navigation and commerce also participated in the stimulus furnished by the crusades. These expeditions also introduced to the West the literature and languages of the East, also many useful herbs and fruit-trees. The roughness of military life in Europe was also softened to some extent, probably, by the romance which glowed in the breasts of these new soldiers of the Cross. Whilst theo- logically the crusades doubtless gave an impulse to what we may call Mariolatry, yet the ostensible profession of Effects- of the Templar Movement. 71 a Templar Knight carried with it the recognition of the claims of womanhood from a more Scriptural aspect than was current generally before. In spite of such bad specimens as Bois de Gilbert, we may hope that there were many of the Brotherhood who regarded themselves as the pledged protectors of the defenceless and the fair. I think we may assume that the three great virtues of loyalty, courtesy, and munificence were more or less exhibited by the Knight Templars. It is true they have been charged with overbearing pride and insolence, among others by one who knew them well, viz., Richard Cceur de Lion, yet he himself as a Templar showed great mag- nanimity in dealing with the perfidy of his brother and the treachery of a colleague in the wars. As to courtesy, the very name of a knight carried this obligation on its shield as its patent of nobility, and its presence is an essential element of bravery, otherwise courage might degenerate into brutality and bring down the lordly knight to the level of the uncultivated boor. But high above all other knightly graces shone out that of munificence. In the flood-tide of their enthusiasm the Templars literally accepted the counsels of Urban II. ; though, looking back, their lot was indeed a hard one, to go forth under the benedictions of one Pope, and then some two hundred years later to be crushed beneath the curse of another. However, under the intoxicating fumes of Papal benediction and popular applause the Templars, obedient to the counsels of Urban II., affixed the red cross to their garments, sold their estates at any price, quitted their castles and their family endearments, and went south with their lives in their hands. Whilst those absolutely unable to leave country and kindred gave their lands in subsidio Terra Sanctce. In this act we see at least a fundamental principle of Christian discipleship, viz., that all should share either in person or by deputy in the high call and claims of that 72 History of Haddlesey. service which seeks to win an alienated world to the love and service of its Sovereign Lord and King, Christ Jesus. Everywhere at home and abroad, in the thinly popu- lated rural district as well as in the crowded streets of the city, in the unreclaimed masses and unsanctified classes of our English civilization as well as the millions of the untaught heathen in far-off lands, the cry for good soldiers of Jesus Christ sounds aloud. These knights need to wear no outward sign upon their cloaks, but within to feel the power of that which urged the noblest missionary of Europe and Asia ' to labours more abundant than they all,' viz., the love of Christ, for he wrote : ' We thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead ; and that He died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto Him who died for them and rose again.' Glorious sentiment — the Gospel in miniature ! and not unworthily epitomized in the motto on the white-crossed flag of the Swiss Confederation : ' Un pour tous, et tous pour un.' TEMPLARS SEAL. CHAPTER VI. THE KINGDOM OF GOD AND HOUSE OF PRAYER IN OUR PARISH. WHATEVER other interests there may be in any community, to the Christian mind one is paramount beyond all others,, viz., that which concerns the worship of God and the salvation of souls. It is time for us, therefore, in our review of the past history of Haddlesey, to address our- selves to the question of what was done in this con- nection. We have seen that the Knight Templars not only had their own chapel at the preceptory at Hirst, but that also they had their own special church at Kellington. But this provision was for their own mem- bers. There was also the small church at Birkin, which in early days was doubtless regarded 1 as the parish church of the five townships of Birkin, West Hathelsay, Est Hathelsay, and East and West Hyrst. But this arrange- ment was soon found unsatisfactory; so we learn that 1 I say regarded because it is so spoken of from time to time, and certainly after the confusion of the Civil Wars claimed and exercised the rights of a mother church even to the extent of levying a church- rate on the inhabitants of the four townships, who, nevertheless, had to maintain their own separate church and churchyard. But the greater difficulty in regarding Birkin as the mother church of all these townships in the usual sense of the word is the existence of separate manors from a very early date, it being notorious that the boundaries of ancient parishes were coterminous with the manors of their founders. 74 History of Haddlesey. Archbishop Walter Gray consecrated a parochial chapel at Haddlesey, a.d. 1237. Here it is well to explain the difference between a parochial chapel and a chapel-of- ease, as there is much confusion of ideas on this subject. During the first six or seven centuries of the Christian era, the parish was the district of the Bishop, what was afterwards called the diocese. In this district the Bishop and his clergy lived together at the cathedral church, and the tithes and offerings of the faithful made one common fund for the support of the Bishop and his clergy and the erection and maintenance of places of worship, and the carrying on of what was to a large extent a diocesan mission. This sort of collegiate life of the Bishop and his clergy was characteristic of the British and Anglo-Saxon Churches. In process of time, however, it was found necessary to build additional sanctuaries in such places as invited the itinerant preachers to settle down to pastoral work in their midst. The most frequent cause of this was the offer of some large landowner to build a church and maintain a resident clergyman, for the benefit of himself, his family, and tenants, within a given area. On doing this, the founder of the church became its patron, and the bounds of a parish extended over his manor. In almost every case the church, in its initiation, was a chapel of the thane for parochial uses. Most of these parochial chapels were made into parish churches in the modern sense of the word, at a period beginning at the end of the ninth century and ceasing about the end of the twelfth. What gives Birkin its real priority and rank as a quasi mother church to Haddlesey is the very inter- esting fact that it probably had a resident priest at the end of the eleventh century. So we read in Mountain's ' History of Selby ' that ' John, son and heir of Hugh de Lacy' (Abbot of Selby, 1097-1123), 'of Gateforth, gave Alfwyn de Byrkhouse, the vassal of his brother First Church in our Pa,7ash. 75 Robert, with the land that he bought of Osbert, the priest of Byrkin, to Selby Abbe)'.' However, this process was only gradual, and so from time to time we read still of chapels built upon the manors and ancient demesnes of the Crown, like Haddlesey; their incumbents or chaplains were instituted by the Bishop and inducted by the Archdeacon. These parochial chapels differed from chapels-of-ease in that they had the right of christening and burying, and that the minister was presented by a patron to the Bishop for institution, and that he was irremovable by the rector of the mother- church. By the law of King Edgar (about a.d. 970), it was ordained that a thane might give one-third part of his tithes to a parochial chapel. How these different points bear on the history of the church at Haddlesey we shall note as we continue. According to Torre MSS., the first church at Haddlesey was consecrated by one of the greatest prelates which ever filled the archiepiscopal See of York, Walter Gray. He was a zealous reorganizer of parishes and great reformer of past negligences in his diocese. It is difficult to be quite sure of the date of the consecration, but it has been supposed to be about 1237. Archbishop Gray's episcopate extended from 1215 to T255. The existence of this building is abundantly plain from the language of Sir Miles Stapleton : ' Seriously con- sidering (says Dodsworth) that his tenants at Hathelsay, and other inhabitants of the towns of Est Hurst and Temple Hurst, being oftentimes in the year prevented from attending the mother church at Birkin, " for the inondacion," had built at their proper charges a certain decent chapel for celebration of Divinz worship.' a.d. 1310-11 he paid a fine of 20s. — about £20 of our present money — -to the King for license to give certain lands in East and West Haddlesey for rebuilding the Chapel of St. John the Baptist (' de novo construendo '), and on August 29, . 1313, he further granted a ■ messuage and lands next the j6 History of Haddlesey. chapel, and other lands at East and West Haddlesey, to the ' lord Wm. de Calthorn, chaplain, and his successors for ever.' 1 It is important to note the gift ' of a messuage and lands next the chapel,' because no such messuage or lands now belong to what was then the chapel. When and by whom this messuage and lands were alienated is not an improper question in these days, when claims on Church property are being multiplied and the incomes of the clergy greatly reduced. I have my own opinion as to the time and method of this alienation, but as at present I cannot support it with documentary proof, I refrain from mentioning the grounds. The particulars of the gift are : ' Unum messagium in Est Hathelsay infra precinctas ejusdem capellae scituatum ; et unam bovatam et sex acras terra? in West Hathelsay, cum tofto ad p'dam bovat. terrae spectando, qua? quidem toft, et bovat Robertus de Camelfford ad voluntatem meam aliquando de me tenuit ; et quatuor acras prati in Est Hathelsay, simul jacentes in quodam prato voc. le Vestyenge, ex parte Occident. ; et duas acras bosci in Est Hathelsay, jacent. in bosco meo qui vocatur le West- wode; etviginti solid, annui reddit. percipiend. de H'bagh cujusd. pastur. in Est Hathelsay, que locatur Rideholm. Hend et tenend eisd. Capellanis, &c. Dat. 29 Augt., 1313, cum sig. — Cart. Harl., 84 A 45, extracted by Mr. E. H. Chetwynd-Stapylton, which may be translated as follows : One messuage in East Hathelsay, situated 1 Yorkshire Deeds. — This gift is further certified by a license of Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, Constable of Chester, to Miles de Stapleton, to grant land in Esthathelsay, held of him in frank almoign, to the chaplain of the chapel to be built by him in Esthathelsay, in accordance with a license in mortmain of the present King to him to grant 1 oxgang, 6 acres of land, 4 acres of meadow, 2 acres of wood, and 3 acres of pasture in Westhathelsay and Esthathelsay for the above purpose. London, Sunday after SS. Simon and Jude, 4 Edw. II. (A 106). — {Yorkshire A. and T. Journal, vol. xii.), a.d. 131 1, October 24. House of Prayer in our Parish. 77 below the precincts of the same chapel ; and a bovate and six acres of land in West Hathelsay, with a toft looking out upon the aforesaid bovate of land, which toft and bovate Robert de Camelfford for some time held of me at my pleasure ; and four acres of meadow in Est Hathelsay, lying together in a certain meadow called ' le Vestyenge,' on the west ; and two acres of wood in Est Hathelsay, lying in my wood which is called ' le Westwode ' ; and twenty solidi of yearly rent to be received from the herbage (?) of a certain pasture in Est Hathelsay, which is called Rideholm. To have and to hold to the said chaplains, etc. As regards the name given to this pasture, it is inter- esting to note that in the terrier of lands belonging to this benefice there is still land going by the name of Royds, supposing we are right in conjecturing that ' ride ' may be a corruption of ' riod ' or ' royd,' meaning land cleared of wood for pasture or cultivation. As regards Holme, that name is also preserved as Keed Holm, but this land is in West Haddlesey. Westwode would be the tract lying between Westfield, where the rectory house now stands, and the land abutting on the Paperhouse farm. The next addition to the revenues of the church at Haddlesey appears to have been made in the year 1331, and reads as follows : ' To all the faithful of Christ that shall see or hear this triptite (? probably tripartite) charter. John de Hathelsay, citizen of York, greeting. Know ye that I, for the health of my soul, and of the souls of Robert de Hathelsay my father, and of Agnes my wife, and Emma my wife, and of Sir Nicolas Staple- ton, Kt, William Camelford, and of Bettrice his wife, have confirmed to Sir Richard Warthill, chaplain, and his successors that shall celebrate divine service in the chapel of St. John the Baptist in Est Hathelsey 2 messuages, 38 acres of land, 3 acres of meadow, 2s. of yearly rent, and pasture for 15 beasts, with its appurte- 78 History of Haddlesey. nances in West Hathelsey.' This document was witnessed by Sir Nicholas Stapleton, Sir John Travers, and others, and is dated at West Hathelsey, July 15, 5 Edw. III. As regards this John Hathelsey, it appears from the Register of Archbishop Melton (kindly lent me by Canon Raine) that he was chamberlain of the city of York, 1318 ; bailiff, 1319-20, having been admitted freeman 1301. From Canon Raine's ' History of York ' we further learn that the city of York had three bailiffs up to the year 1397. In this year the three bailiffs were changed into two sheriffs. It is satisfactory to know that one bearing the name of Haddlesey was so distinguished a citizen of what is to-day no mean city, but which was in the four- teenth century still more important as regards its con- nection with the affairs of the nation. Many Parliaments were assembled within its walls, and kings and queens were frequent sojourners in their" journeys backwards and forwards to Scotland. Royal marriages, too, were celebrated in the grand minster of the Northern capital, while the castle of the Archbishops of York at Cawood, and that of the princely house of Percy at Wressil, to say nothing of Pontefract Castle, 1 another royal residence, the key of the county of York, put Haddlesey at this time within constant touch of all the moving activities of the period. This we shall see more fully as we revert to the main stream of our history in connection with the Stapleton family. Now, it must suffice to remember that our first church was erected at the cost of the inhabitants of the four townships which hereafter were to constitute the eccle- siastical parish of Haddlesey. And it is a noteworthy fact that this church, in its first instance, owed its origin, not to the gift of a landowner, however munificent, but to 1 ' Quod castrum de Pontefracto quod est quasi clavis in comitatu Eborum,' etc. Letter of R. de Grevill to King Henry III. in 1263, quoted by Mr. Wheater, Yorkshire Weekly Post, March 28, 1891. House of Prayer in our Parish. 79 the people who craved its services. Our parish church as a -building is inferior to many, but I think, in point of spiritual parentage and historic record, it is also superior to some. The poorest building, raised by pious hearts and used by those who are seeking after God, is infinitely more illustrious than the grandest pile ever constructed, lacking these essential conditions. But, again, we have another advantage, that when the heart of Lord Miles Stapleton was moved by the zeal of his tenants to rebuild the structure which they had put up, we have in this work the co-operation of an illustrious name ; for Lord Miles Stapleton, as we have previously seen, was no mere owner of vast estates and numerous tenants. He was a states- man in the widest sense of the word, a friend and coun- sellor of one of England's greatest monarchs, Edward I., and also a friend, and would have been a counsellor, of his weak successor, Edward II. There is a glory, then, greater than that of marble and masonry, of carving and sculpture, of ' long-ribbed ' aisle and painted window, of lofty tower and arched roof, in the thought that our house of prayer was in its earlier history the gift and concep- tion of a man who played so conspicuous a part in the history, not only of his parish and county, 'but of his nation and that of Europe in the wars of Edward I. — a man who, having served his country well in many other spheres, at last yielded up his patriotic life on the in- glorious field of Bannockburn in the vain attempt to neutralize the follies of his sovereign and to retrieve mis- fortune caused by the disasters of his times. Of this centurion it might be said, as of one long before his time : ' He loveth our nation, and he hath built us a synagogue.' And so from that time, through many vicissitudes, as we shall have to trace, there has been for over 500 years a house of God on this same site. Other houses and their owners have passed away beyond all means of recognition, but this one building, humble 80 History of Haddlesey. and modest as it was, has lived on. Our only regret is that when it became too small, and probably dilapidated, in 1834, it was pulled to the ground, instead of having the new incorporated with the old, and so keeping up the continuity in the material structure of the building, so symbolizing one of the glories of the spiritual Church of our nation, which, tracing its foundations back to Apostolic times, surviving the violence of Northern heathen tribes and the parasitic growth of mediaeval Romanism ; lifting up its voice in the darkest night of superstition from time to time in witness to the truths of primitive Christianity, and then, after many struggles, going forth like a mighty giant under the stimulating breath of the Holy Ghost, and reasserting at the glorious Reformation the doctrines of God's Word as the only ground of hope and guide of conscience. The few scattered fragments which tell us of the presence and progress of the kingdom of God in our parish seem to say that at least some of those who ministered here had the reputation of faithful shepherds. Having said thus much with regard to the commence- ment of ecclesiastical organization in our parish, it may be well to insert some more detailed information from Torre's MSS. of the archdeaconry of York 1 : ' East Haddlesey. ' A town in the p'h of Birkin, belonged anciently to the Bella-aquas, and from them descended to the Stapletons 1 James Torre, the celebrated antiquary, was the son of Gregory de Turre, of Haxey, Lincolnshire. One of his ancestors — Roger de Tune — was Vicar of Owston in 1469 and Haxey in 1473. He was twice married, and settled in York probably for the purpose of de- voting himself to the study of ecclesiastical antiquities. It appears from a note appended to his works that he began to arrange his MS. for this work on March 15, 1691, and completed it in June, 1692. It contains 1255 columns folio and a complete index. He died in 1699, aged forty-nine, and was buried in Normanton Church. See further particulars in Yorkshire Weekly Post, April 25, 1891. Clergy and Patrons. 81 of Carlton, and at last came to the Wethams, K. S. R. C. 22 7 1 if 3 3 • ' In 58 of Hy., Nicholas Stapilton obtained a charter and freewarren Feb. gth, 1312. ' Sir Miles Stapelton, Kt., etc., sufficiently endowed for the support of one chaplain. And Wm., Archbishop of York, having called before him Sir Hugh Sampson, Rector of ye p'h of Birkin (1289 a.d.) ; Sir Adame de Everingham, patron thereof, both voluntarily submitting to the ordination. The Archbishop ordained that every chaplain who shall celebrate in sd church shall be de- puted by Sir Miles Stapelton and his heirs to be pre- sented, and being instituted shall have, by the grant of the said Hugh, Rector, and Sir Adam de Everingham, Patron (who presented their charter sealed thereupon), the tithe hay of a certain place which the sd Sir Myles in Squall- eyker, now enclosed, and which same place is vulgarly called Toun mannersyth. 2 The tythes whereof this chaplain shall have and hold for himself and his successors. More- over, the founder of this chappel, his heirs and tenants, are and shall be bound to repair and reedify this building. No burials allowed in the chapel yard.' Catalogue of Chaplains. Temp. Institut. Capellani. Patroni. Vacat. 1302. Wm. de Hathelsay. 1304. F. John de Stokes. 1 In Compoti of the Yorkshire estates of Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, Pontefract Castle, the morrow of St. Michael anno regni regis Edwardi, xxiiij — i.e., 1295 — occur the following payments: De xi]d. de firma (farm) of Hugo, son of H. of Westhathelessaye, vjd of farm of Gilbert of Hathelessey, Michaelmas term. 2 This word 'Toun mannersyth,' sounding to modern ears un- intelligible, is very significant, as indicating the place where the manor court was held, the word being literally in modern phrase the town manor seeing. This spot was given by Sir M. Stapelton to the chaplain, and is described by its original name of Squallyacre. 6 82 History of Haddlesey. Temp. Institut. 1312. 1331- 1342. March 23rd, 1346. 1349- I35I- 1364. 1376. de Capellani. D'ns Wm Calthorn. Sir Rd. Warthill. John Bonvalet. 1 Ds. John de / Basine, pr'b'r. John Byron Wet- wang. John de Curteys. Ds.Johnde Clone Wm. de Calthorn. *Rd. Seringe. 1 Jan. tst, ■» Wm. de Birkin. i38s-6./*Wm. de Sprot- burg. Patroni. Vacat. Sir Miles Stapleton. Mort. Sir Nicholas Stapleton. „ Sir Miles Stapleton. Robert de Camelford. Sir Miles Stapleton. Resigned. Archbishop by lapse. Sir Miles Stapleton, who calls him the parson of Hathehey in a deed giving him and the par- son of Sprotborough one messuage and 5 bovates of land in West Hathel- say. Doubtful. Mort. Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam, Est- hathelsay, has a license to assign 17 marks annual rent issuing from his manor of Est, Midel, and Westhathelsay, held of John, King of Castile, Duke of Lancaster, as of the honour of Pontefract, to two chaplains to cele- brate divine service daily for the soul of Thos. Stapleton, formerly L. of ye manor aforesaid, dated 10 Nov., c;Rd. II.; cf. two grants appointing chap- lains as above. — Patent Rolls, ii. 269A 1 It is possible that those marked with a star were only chantry priests, and not 'chaplains or parsons,' whilst more frequently the chantry priest and chaplain were the same person, as in the case of Richard Warthill and others, as above. SIR WM. FITZWILLIAM \ND LADY, WHO DIED AT HADDLESEY, A.D. I474. (From the brass in Sprotborough Church, kindly supplied by l Dr. Fairbanks.) Clergy and Patrons. 85 Temp. Institut. Capellani. Patroni. Vacat. May 23rd, 1 Ds. Thos. Tove- 1394. J ton, or (?) Tow- ton. May, 1399. Ds. Thos. de Sir John de Fitzwilliam. Chaworth. Sir John de Fitzwilliam of Sprotboro died at Rouen, 1421. His son, Sir William Fitzwilliam, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thos. Chaworth. Therefore it is probable that her brother had been appointed by her father-in-law to the church at Haddlesey in 1399. Her own father died in 1459, and her husband in 1474. The date of her own decease is not given, but that it was after her husband is shown by the blank space in the brass let into the stone covering her husband's grave in the chancel of Sprotborough Church, which was erected the same year as Haddlesey was rebuilt. The inscription above referred to is as follows : ' Hie jacent Wills. Fitzwilliam do'nus de Sprotboug armiger et Elizabeth uxor ejus filia Thome Chaworth militis qui quidem Will'ms obiit apud Hathilsay primodie mensis decembr a'd'ni 1474;' and afterward aforesaid Elizabeth, day, month, year, a.d. 14 . . . The Sir William Fitzwilliam just mentioned was the eighth in descent from Albreda, the heiress of the De Lacys, a knight of the Holy Sepulchre, and had the manor of Darrington about the year 1400, which manor seems to have remained in the family about a hundred years longer, for in 15 14 it belonged to William Fitz- william of Sprotborough, also (by that evasion of the Act forbidding bequests of land which was so customary in the early part of the reign of Hen. VIII.) made Wil- liam Lord Conyers, and others his feoffees, by a deed of February 27, 7 Hen. VIII.: 'They were to suffer Thos. Southill and others his executors yearly to take the issues of the manors of Elmley, Haddlesey, and Darrington to the use of Thos. Southill and Margery his wife, then to the use of Elizth., their daughter, and then to revert to his right heirs.' This Fitzwilliam, as shown above, who was a De Lacy in the female line, was the last of the elder 86 History of Haddlesey. branch, and Thomas Southill 1 was his uncle by marriage ; whose only daughter Elizabeth (the next to her parents in succession to the manor, according to the will of William Fitzwilliam, dated March 4, 1516-17 ; proved April 29, 1518) married, first, Sir Henry Saville, of Thornhill, and secondly, Richard, Gascoigne, of Lasing- croft. She died July, 1571. Richard Gascoigne married again, but died in 1592 without leaving any children. Hunter, in his ' History of Doncaster,' says that William Fitzwilliam was buried at Haddlesey 1542. See pedigree to follow. Temp. Institut. Capellani. Patroni. Vacat. Apl. 12th, 1412. Hugh de Shirley. Lady Matilda Fitz- william. (February 12, 1426. Robert Lacy, of Gaytford, bequeathed two acres of priestland 2 between John Strensall, Vicar of Brayton, and Hugh Sherley, priest of Haddlesey.) May 25th, 1424. D'ns. Thos. Sir Thos. Clarell. 3 Mansell. 1 This may be a convenient place to note that, according to deed 703, No. 144, Public Record Office, transcribed into Yorkshire Weekly Post, November 7, 1891, a grant was made by Thomas Sotehyll to his kinsmen Thomas Gryce ; William Gryce, clerk ; and Oswald Gryce, of the next advowson or presentation to his chantries in St. Philip's Chapel in Haddilsay, co. York. — Sotehyll Hall, February 18, 13 Hen. VIII. (Soothill seems to be a township in Dewsbury parish.) Then, as regards Oswald Grice, mentioned above, he makes a grant at the instance of Lord Darcy to Edmond Seynter, of the offices of surveyor and bailiff of lands, etc., in Middle, East, and West Haddelsey, belong- ing to Thomas Sotehill, as the said were granted to him by the said Thomas for twenty-four years, from January 23, 13 Hen. VIII. Dated December 20, 18 Hen. VIII. Lord Darcy was head steward under the Honour of Pontefract, and Thomas Gryce was clerk. ' According to Canon Isaac Taylor, the tenth of the ploughland was reserved for the priest, and in process of time these lands were permanently set apart, and so were called priestlands. As regards Shirley, he seems to have been a chantry priest, not a chaplain. 3 Sir Thomas Clarell, of Aldwarke, born about 1394 ; married, 1407, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Scroope, and co-heiress with her sister, wife of Sir Richard Hastings, who died s.fi. Clergy and Patrons. 87 Temp. Institut. Feb. 3rd, 1433. March 2nd, 1434. H39- Jany. 22nd, 1440. July 1st, 1444. Feb. 25, 1453. 1455- Jany. 28th, 1475. Aug. 25th, 1482. Jany. 9th, 1484. Capellani. Patroni. Wm. Arrow- Lady Fitzwilliam, 1 smith, pbr. widow of Sir John de Fitzwilliam. John Rose, or Sir John Clarell. 2 Box, pbr. Ds. Doubtful. Wm. Cowper. Ds. Rd. Beane. Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam. Ds. John Pyker- „ ,, ing. John Aleyn, pbr. Sir Wm. Gascoigne (by right of his wife, the Lady Fitzwilliam, of p. 84, who was then the widow of Sir Robt. Waterton). Hewas High Sheriff of co. of York in 1422, and diedabout 1465. Doubtful. Vacat. Mort. Resigned. Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam. Resigned. Mort. Apl. 25th, 1491. July 2nd, 1497. Jany. 23rd, 1506. Augt. 2 1 st, 1506. Ds. Thos. Rip- lay. Ds. Henry Whetelay. Ds. Thos. Rye- dale, or Ryhall. Ds. Ed. Seyntor, i.e., Santerre (Holy Land) probably a des- cendant from a Kt. Templar. Thos. Boothroyd. „ „ Christr.Conyers. Lady Fitzwilliam. John Richard- „ „ son. Adam Hugh. „ „ (widow) 1 This lady was the daughter of Sir Thomas Clarell, and married Sir William Gascoigne clandestinely either in 1425 or 1426. 2 Sir John Clarell, of Marshburg Hall, married Elizabeth, widow of Thomas Metham, 1422. 88 History of Haddlesey. Temp. Institut. Augt. 6, 1507. Jany. 13th, 1508. Nov. 10, 1545. Capellani. Christr. Rooke. John Richard- son. D'ns Ralph Levet. Patroni. Vacat. Lady Fitzwilliam. Mort. Henry Saville, Kt, by right of his wife Elizth., dgr. and co- heiress of Thos. Soot- hill, by Margaret, dgr. and co-heiress of William Fitzwilliam, of Sprotboro. She married secondly to Rd. Gascoigne of Barnbow, co. York, 1596. Dec. 6, 1545. John Good. This Sir Henry Saville, K.B., was a man of consider- able importance, he took part in the coronation of Queen Anne Boleyn, May 30, 1534 ; was Steward the same year of the Honour of Pontefract and of the Manor of Wake- field ; and High Sheriff of the county in 1538 and 1542. He died April 5, 1558, seized of thirty manors in Yorkshire, including Sothill, Saxton, Haddlesey, Darrington, etc. As the name of Ralph Levet is the last in Torre's MSS., I think I can well make a break here to resume the general history of the parish, as the succession of the clergy will naturally come on again. Many of the above names, however, are not found in Torre's list, and are due to independent research. CHAPTER VII. THE STAPLETON DYNASTY, WHICH EXTENDED FROM 1262 TO THE DEATH OF THOMAS STAPLETON, ABOUT I380. A T our last reference, we left Baron Miles Staple- ton engaged in plans for rebuilding and endow- ing the chapel at Hathelsay, a.d. 1312. This year was an exciting one for this part of England. The barons, under the leadership of the Earl of Lancaster, were in open conflict with the young King, Edward II., because of his unworthy favouritism towards Gaveston, whom the King having left in Scarborough Castle for safety, the barons pursued and made prisoner there. As soon as this quarrel was patched up, the young King arranges for a new campaign against the Scots. He summons Miles Stapleton to Roxburgh in terms which remind us of former intimacies ; e.g., when Edward came to the throne in 1307, being only twenty-three years of age, Stapleton was made Lord Steward. Then in 1308 he was in attendance on the King at Boulogne, where his marriage was celebrated with great magnificence on January 25. Sir Miles took his countryman, we might say fellow- Yorkshireman, John de Maulever, with him. Stapleton should have presided at the King's coronation by virtue of his office, but, to the great disgust of the go History of Haddlesey. barons, Gaveston thrust himself forward and carried the crown before all the magnates of the realm. So Stapleton withdraws from Court, although the King treats him with substantial proofs of his goodwill, and in this summons to Roxburgh he says : ' We affectionately request you to hasten to the parts of Scotland with all the men and arms you can collect.' This muster appears to have fallen through, and while Edward was celebrating his Christ- mas at York Gaveston reappeared. In June, 1312, there was a much more peremptory summons for Stapleton and his neighbours, Adam de Byrkin and William Roos of Inmangthorpe, ' to join the King at Battle Bridge with all the horse and arms they could muster.' This hasty summons was only obeyed by few, and the next year, 1 3 1 3> we find him summoned to Parliament at West- minster three times, viz., on January 8, when the Parlia- ment sat from March 18 to April 7 ; secondly, on May 23 ; and thirdly, on July 26, when the Parliament sat from September 23 to November 18. The urgent business on this occasion was the war in Scotland. It seems as if Baron Stapleton was summoned to the House of Lords by writ. Mr. Hallam says the only baronies known for two centuries after the Norman Conquest were incidental to the tenure of land immediately from the Crown, and under the Great Charter of John all tenants-in-chief were entitled to a summons by particular writ (see further Hallam's ' Middle Ages '). Sir Miles Stapleton did not, however, long enjoy his dignity as baron. The Scottish King, Robert Bruce, laid siege to Stirling, where Philip de Mowbray was shut up, and Edward called out the whole military force of his kingdom to meet at Berwick June 11, 1314. This must have been a stirring time in Hathelsay, when its great chieftain went forth at the head of his retainers, supported by Adam de Byrkin and William Roos of Inmangthorpe, The Stapleton Dynasty. 91 to repel the rising forces of King Robert of Scotland. No doubt they prefaced their expedition by a service in the little church of the village, newly rebuilt, little thinking perhaps that many of those would never worship again in their own sanctuary. It may help us to realize a little more vividly how war was carried on in these days if I give a copy of a writ issued by the same King from York on November 6, 1319. This writ ' requires that every man of 20 years old up to 60, having 40 shillings in land, or chattels to the value of 60 shillings, shall be provided with an aketon {i.e., a coarse linen or leathern doublet stuffed with cotton wool), a bacinett (i.e., an iron skull- cap shaped like a basin, hence its name), and a gauntlet.' This was held to be sufficient equipment for a hobeler, i.e., a kind of light horseman employed in skirmishing and securing forage, and reconnoitring the movements of the enemy. The same writ required that every man above sixty years of age should provide himself with a horse and man-at-arms, i.e., a man much better mounted and clad with stronger armour than the hobelers (Poulton's ' History of Holderness '). Well, when the Hathelsay contingent met the King at Berwick, they found the total force consisted of some 30,000 horsemen ; to these must be added the troops already in Scotland and foot-soldiers, as the slain in the ensuing battle are reported to be 146 lords and knights, 700 gentlemen, and 10,000 common soldiers. It seems that Robert Bruce posted his troops in four divisions on the banks of the little river Bannock, about three miles south of Stirling. Sir Walter Scott gives a spirited re- presentation of the scene in his ' Lord of the Isles,' canto vi. : ' Of all the Scottish conquests made By the first Edward's ruthless blade, ,. His own retained no more, 92 History of Haddlesey. Northward of Tweed, but Stirling's towers, Beleaguered by King Robert's powers ; And they took term of truce. If England's king should not relieve The siege ere. John the Baptists Eve, To yield them to the Bruce. England was roused on every side, Courier and post and herald hied To summon prince and peer, At Berwick bounds to meet their Liege, Prepared to raise fair Stirling's siege, With buckler, brand, and spear. The term was nigh ; they mustered fast, By beacon and by bugle blast. Forth marshalled for the field. There rode each knight of noble name. There England's hardy archers came. The land they trode seemed all on flame With banner, blade, and shield ! And not famed England's powers alone, Renowned in arms, the summons own ; For Neustria's knights obeyed ; Gascoyne hath lent her horsemen good, And Cambria, but of late subdued, Sent forth her mountain multitude, And Connaught poured from waste and wood Her hundred tribes whose sceptre rude Dark Eth O'Connor swayed.' Bruce had posted his troops to great advantage ; between himself and the English was a deep morass. But the Scots were not content with the natural dis- advantages of the spot ; they dug trenches three feet deep and three feet broad, over which they placed hurdles, and beneath which they planted sharp stakes, so that when the English made their charge with cavalry a scene of terrible confusion resulted, and by this destruction and flight of the cavalry the rout of the whole of Edward's army was effected. Quoting again from Scott de- The S tap let on Dynasty. 93 scribing the night before the battle (June 23, 1314), he says : ' It was a night of lovely June ; High rode in cloudless blue the moon. Old Stirling's towers arose in light, And, turned in links of silver bright, Her winding river lay.' Then at sunrise the next day, he continues : ' Now onward, and in open view, The countless ranks of England drew, Dark rolling like the ocean tide, When the rough west hath chafed his pride, And his deep roar sends challenge wide To all that bars his way ! In front the gallant archers trode, The men-at-arms behind them rode, And midmost of the phalanx broad The monarch held his sway.' After describing the opening charge, he comes to the surprise of Edward at the flight of his men and the crisis of the day in these words : ' The King with scorn beheld their flight. " Are these,'' said he, " our yeomen wight ? Each braggart churl could boast before, Twelve Scottish lives his baldric bore ! " Forward, each gentleman and knight ! Let gentle blood show generous might, And chivalry redeem the fight !" To rightward of the wild affray, The field showed fair and level way ; But in mid space the Bruce's care Had bored the ground with many a pit, With turf and brushwood hidden yet, That formed a ghastly snare. Rushing, ten thousand horsemen came, With spears in rest, and hearts on flame, That panted for the shock ! 94 History of Haddlesey. With blazing crests and banners spread, And trumpet clang and clamour dread, The wide plain thundered to their tread As far as Stirling rock. Down ! down ! in headlong overthrow, Horseman and horse the foremost go, Wild floundering on the field ! The first are in destruction's gorge, Their followers wildly o'er them urge ; — The knightly helm and shield, The mail, the aketon, and the spear, Strong hand, high heart are useless here. Too strong in courage and in might Was England yet to yield the fight. Her noblest all are here ; Names that to fear were never known, Bold Norfolk's Earl de Brotherton, And Oxford's famed De Vere. There Gloster plied the bloody sword, And Berkeley, Grey, and Hereford, (Stapleton) and Sanzavere. Ross, Montague, and Manley came, And Courtenay's pride, and Percy's fame- Names too well known in Scottish war, At Falkirk, Methven, and Dunbar, Blazed broader yet in after-years At Cressy red and fell Poitiers. Pembroke with these and Argentine Brought up the rearward battle line. With caution o'er the ground they tread, Slippery with blood and piled with dead, Till hand to hand in battle set, The bills with spears and axes met. Unflinching foot 'gainst foot was set, Unceasing blow by blow was met ; The groans of those who fell Were drowned amid the shriller clang- That from the blades and harness rang, And in the battle yell.' The Staple ton Dynasty. 95 It is scarcely needful to add anything to this thrilling and pictorial narrative, but it may be well to remark that the victory of Bannockburn was decisive for Scottish independence ; that the Earl of Gloucester died fighting bravely at the head of his tenants ; that whilst the King himself escaped to Dunbar with about 500 knights, Miles Stapleton was amongst the slain. In the records of the cathedral at Durham is a memorandum that on Decem- ber 23, 1314, the Lord Bishop granted eleven days' in- dulgence for the souls of Miles de Stapleton and Cecilia (Sibilla), formerly his wife. He seems to have died intestate. A note in the registry of Archbishop Green- field at York, September 18, 1314, shows that the arch- bishop had taken possession of his goods, but afterwards delivered them to the heirs. Sir Miles de Stapleton was succeeded by his eldest son, Nicholas, who was twenty-five years of age at his father's death. He seems to have inherited the Bruce estates and part of Stapleton as soon as he came of age, a.d. 1310, and did homage to the King December 27, 1311. He was affianced in marriage in 1304 to Isabella, daughter and one of the heirs of John de Brittayne, Earl of Rich- mond, and grand-daughter of the Duke of Brittany, by Beatrix, daughter of King Henry III. The Lady Isabella brought him increased estate in Fletham and Kirkby ; out of regard to his father's death at Bannockburn, Edward released Sir Nicholas from payment of arrears of scutage due on account of the same, November 1, 1314. His descent from the Bruces is set out in the Marshall's roll (Rot. Maresc, 8 Edw. II., m. 5 dors, Palgrave Writs). After the flight from Bannockburn the King took up his residence in York and the neighbourhood, including a considerable space of time at Haddlesey, so that I will close this chapter by remarking that a Parliament was 9 6 History of Haddlesey. held in York February, 1315, ' that Sir Nicholas had letters of credence March 5 concerning the defence of the Scottish borders,' that the same year the three brothers, Dominus Nicholas, Gilbert, and John de Stapleton were summoned by Archbishop Greenfield to Doncaster among the knights of Yorkshire to discuss the same business. CHAPTER VIII. EDWARD II. AT HADDLESEY. THE King's stay at Hathelsay was so prolonged in 1322, that, as owing to the kindness of Miss Holt I am able to give such interesting details of his manner of life and the events of the period, I feel I must devote a separate chapter to the record ; for though weak and unfortunate as Edward of Carnarvon un- doubtedly was, yet it does not happen to every country parish to have its reigning Sovereign resident in its borders for over three weeks. However, the first visit of Edward II. to Hathelsay seems to have been in 1313, during the lifetime of his old tutor and steward, the first Baron Stapleton, for in the Wardrobe Account, 16 Edw. II., 23/17, we read : 1313. Monday before St. John Baptist, i.e., June 20, 2d. is given to a page who takes wine from Hathelseye to Athelingflete to our lord (the King). Friday, Nativ. S. John B. (24th), 2d. again to a lad from the Friars of Swynflete to my Lord at Hathelseye. On the way to Hathelseye, 4 bushels of oats 2s. 6d. 1322, June 8. Mandates of the King were dated from Hathelsay (Rot. Liberate, 15 Edw. II.), and Decem- ber 17. (Rot. Fin., 16 ib.) ioo History of Haddlesey. Wardrobe Roll, 16 Edw. II., 23, 17. Thursday (June 16). Bread 7d., beer 6£d., flesh of beef and mutton gd., ' potag ' (probably soup) id., fuel id., * erbapro equis' (probably hay for the horses) yd., 2 bushels of oats i6d., one bushel ' senfur ' 2d., mending a saddle 2d. wine 5d., parchment id. Friday (17th). Bread 7d., 2 bushels of oats i6d., beer 6d., ' erba pro equis ' 7d., 2 bushels ' fursur ' 46., passage of Ouse Water .... times 3d., fish 3d. Saturday (18th). Passage of ' Bugwith water ' (probably the Derwent at Bubwith) 2d., ' In falcacione libere ' (pos- sibly a day's mowing, or for mowing freely) £d., expenses of grooms and horses at ' Dossele ' (? Wressil) 4^d., dinner at Fexflete, i.e., Faxfleet of to-day, 7d. Sunday (19th). At Faxflete, shoeing horses id., passage of waters and carriage from York to Brustwyk £6. Burst- wick was one of the manors granted to Miles Stapleton in 1308. It was in Holderness, near Hedon, and fell to the Crown by escheat. Monday before St. John Bapt. (20th). Passage of the waters at Apelton and Ayremynne 3d., bread and 'herba ' for the horses at Selby 6d., horses at Cowik 4! d. Passage of the water at Karleton 2d. At Athelingfiete, bread I2d., beer I4jd., given to pages bringing wine from Hathelseye to Athelingfiete to my Lord (King) 2d., 6 chickens bought 8d., one hen 2d., 6J bushels of oats 4§d. (either of inferior quality to others at 4d. per bushel, or else the markets were falling), 3 lb. of almonds and ^ lb. of ' seminum ' (? seminellum), 1 lb. ' dainz officii ' and of sugar in plate (no prices). Tuesday (21st). At Berton (? Burton), bread for grooms and horses i6d., cheese z\d., 4 baskets ' in cordis ' gd., boy and 2 horses to Athingflete for two days i8d. Wednesday (22nd). At Thornton. Thursday (23rd). At Borton {i.e., Burton), butter id., salt fish 5d., salmon 6d., eggs id. To Swynflete. Edward II. at Haddlesey. 101 Friday, St. John Baptist's Day. To the groom of the friars of Swinfiete coming to my Lord {the King) to Hathcl- saye 2d., ' In prebenda usque Hathelsaye ' 4 bushels of oats 2s. 6d. Saturday (25th). At Selby to York, salt i|d., litter is., carrying coffee from Selby to York by water, i2d., ' Cupis ' 2d. (probably cipum, grease). Sunday (26th). 3 J lagena vini 17 Jd. (the lagena was a large vessel, mostly of earthenware, with a neck and handle, containing generally one gallon), 3 birds ancis (geese) i6d., 4 chickens 6d., milk 2^d., flour 2d., 6 pigeons 4jd., apples id. Monday (27th). Honey for the horses id. Tuesday (28th). Herrings 6d., turbot 6d., one pickerell i8d., playces 6d., Pastry 'pascellas' and flannes (cheese- cakes) 6d. 'Thursday (29th).' 1 Grease 2d., boat from Thorp (? Bishopsthorp) to York for ' erba,' 6 days, i2d. Friday (30th). 2 lbs. almonds, 4d. Saturday (July 1st). Eels, 6d. Sunday (July 2nd). Goose, 5d. Monday (3rd July). Drink id., ginger ' cinap ' and vinegar for 9 days 8d., candles 2d. Scouynstedbrigge, Poklyngton, Wyghton (Weighton), and York. Tuesday (4 July). At Beverley. Monday (10th). Do. at York. Salt \A. Tuesday (nth). At Howden. Mutton 13d., saffron hd. At Faxflete, supper for the grooms, 4d. King Ed. II. dates mandates from Hathelsaye, once going thence to York in one day, a.d. 1322, May 20th ; also June 8, 10, 16, 18, 20, and Dec. 17th ; a.d. 1323, June 16, 18, 22. Close Rolls. Dec. 13th, 1325, Ed. II. sends letters to the Bailiff of Hathelsaye. (Wardrobe Roll, 19 Edw. II., 25/1. — Q.R.) 1 There is a puzzle here about the day of the week, which the author is unable to explain. 102 History of Haddlesey. The preceding details of royal expenditure are interest- ing, as showing us the kind of food placed on the King's table five and a half centuries ago. Although some persons have accused Edward II. of indolence and pleasure-loving pursuits, he does not from these records appear to have given way to excessive eating or drinking. Another question may suggest itself, Why should the King have tarried in these parts for so long a time, as is above recorded ? We have observed in previous chapters that after the Battle of Bannockburn Edward took up his residence in York and neighbourhood. The Scots, encouraged by their military successes, ravaged the Northern counties with pitiless barbarity. And Sir Nicholas Stapleton of Haddlesey received summonses from the King in 1316, and again thrice in 1317. In 1318 a Parliament was assembled at York, and every city and township in the kingdom was ordered to contribute men for the war, under penalty of forfeiture of life and limb (sub foris factum vitce et membrorum). Sir Nicholas Staple- ton was made Commissioner of Array, with Adam de Everingham of Birkin for the Wapentake of Barkston Ash. Nearly 5,000 foot-soldiers were soon under arms in. York ; but as the summons was only for forty days, they dispersed without accomplishing any result. The King spent his Christmas at Beverley, and again the army was called out. In the spring of 1319 Stapleton was ordered to join his father-in-law, the Earl of Richmond, ' with horse and arms/ In June of the same year Stapleton is again Commissioner of Array for the West Riding of York, with seven others, ' to raise and train 4,000 foot- soldiers for service ag'st the Scots.' These men joined the King at Berwick to invest this town. To hinder the success of the English in reducing the place, Bruce made a sudden diversion by breaking into Yorkshire with the fury of a whirlwind, causing terror and devastation every- where. Had it not been for a fortunate providence, the Edward II. at Haddlesey. 103 Queen of Edward II. would have fallen into their hands. She was staying at Cawood Castle, and a body of 10,000 Scots under Douglas marched with great secrecy near to the village. One of his soldiers, however, fell into the hands of the Archbishop of York and the King's Councillor, who, after being threatened with torture, promised, if they would spare him, to show the great danger that Queen Isabella and her children were in. They pretended to scorn his information, but were in- duced, on the man's staking his life on the truth of his statements, to send out spies in the direction he men- tioned as to the nearness of the Scots. Alarmed by the results they collected, all their retinue and the men at arms that York could supply brought the Queen to York, afterwards sending her to Nottingham for greater safety. 1 In addition to other troubles, famine and pestilence added their horrors to the situation. The famine was so terrible that it is said that thieves in prison devoured each other. One wise thing the Parliament of London did in 1316 — viz., forbid the use of corn for brewing purposes. But we return to the siege of Berwick, which place had been surrendered by the treachery of Peter Spalding, the Governor. It seems that the King, notwithstanding the formidable preparations he had made with movable towers filled with men, catapults, grappling-hooks, and piles of faggots, was so alarmed by the news of Bruce's ravages in Yorkshire that he hastened back, only to find the army of ecclesiastics led by Archbishop Melton of York utterly routed at Myton Bridge. After this a temporary truce was arranged between the two Kings of England and Scotland. But the favouritism of Edward for the two Despensers — father and son, the eldest being created Earl of Winchester, and the son Lord Chamberlain — brought on fresh troubles. William 1 Wheater's 'jCawood.' 1 04 History of Haddlesey, de Braose, Lord of Gower, had settled his estate in Wales on his son-in-law, John, Lord Mowbray, with remainder to De Bohun, Earl of Hereford. Mowbray accordingly claimed it at Gower's death, but was immediately deprived of it by the King, to confer it on young Despenser. Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, who was greatly incensed against the Despensers, called together all who shared in his dislike of the favourites, and took up arms to procure their expulsion from the kingdom. Indeed, it is said he deserted the King at the siege of Berwick, and induced others to withdraw their troops when the castle was being surrendered, merely on hearing an authorized report that Lord Hugh Despenser was to be made its Governor. Among those whom Lancaster called out were his liege- men in Yorkshire, to meet him at Sherburn. It seems as if Stapleton yielded to this call because of the claims of Lancaster for his Haddlesey manors and to Mowbray for Rydale, and so we understand how he came under the King's displeasure. Lancaster's revolt was most disastrous for himself. He first of all seized Burton-on-Trent (perhaps, more correctly, Tutbury Castle), but his forces fled even before they were attacked. The Duke goes to Pontefract, thence towards Scotland by Castleford and Wetherby, looking for help from Bruce, with whom he had formed a treasonable alliance ; but he met with a complete and ruinous repulse at Boroughbridge, March 16, 1321, chiefly by means of Sir Andrew Harcla, Governor of Carlisle, and Sir Simon Ward, Governor of York. The Earl of Hereford, Bohun, whose claim had to do with the quarrel, was killed by a Welshman, who thrust a spear through a crevice in the planks of a narrow foot- bridge over which he was crossing, having dismounted. Lancaster himself was taken prisoner, and conveyed to Pontefract, where he was tried by his peers in the presence of the King himself, March 20, and beheaded with five or six other barons, who were hanged and Edward II. at Haddlesey. 105 quartered at Pontefract. Lords Clifford, Mowbray and Dayville were hanged in chains at York. Many others fell into the King's power, and were put to death. Eighty- six were imprisoned ; only five were liberated. On July 11, 138 persons submitted to a fine to save their lands and lives. Sir Nichol de Stapelton, 1 Bacheler (i.e., bas- chevalier), was fined 2,000 marks, and ordered to send two casks of wine ever}' year to the King's exchequer, John de Stapelton, his brother, John de Crumbwell, George Salvayn, and Robert de Colvill, all of Yorkshire, John D'Arcy, nephew of his father's friend, the Earl of Lincoln, and John de Camton, of Northumberland, being sureties for his future good behaviour. His manors of Kirkely, Helham, Stapelton, Dighton, Crethorn, and Wath were committed to the custody of Walter de Kil- vington as security for the payment of the fine.' 2 In these transactions we understand partly why Edward spent so much of his time at Haddlesey and the neigh- bourhood in the summer of 1322, and we shall now under- stand more fully the following records : ' West Hathelsay. — Extent of this manor on the same roll (as that containing the manor of Sterndale, for- feited by Roger Dawnay; see Chapter V., p. 63); forfeited by Sir Nicholas de Stapleton. There was a ferry across the Ayre here, which, with the cottage attached to it, was worth 8s. per ann. A right of fishing in the same river also belonged to this manor, and was worth 3s. per annum.' a.d. 1322. The Ayre is recorded to have overflowed in the autumn of this year, so that the meadow-land 1 Lincoln's Inn MSS., p. 35, has the following note : ' Inquisition respecting the breaking of the "purgation" of Nicholas de Stapliton at West Haddlesey in Yorkshire.' 2 Speed and Stapletons of Richmondshire ( Yorkshire A. and T. Journal, vol. viii.'). 106 History of Haddlesey. could not be cut. Thus we learn that inundations are un- pleasantly characteristic of this stream. 1322. East Hathelsay was also held by Sir Nicholas de Stapleton of the Manor of Pontefract, value £12 3s. njd. Temple Hirst, which belonged to Robert de Holland, was sublet to Robert de Lathun for £20 per annum. But on September 2g of this year the King for certain reasons took the manor into his own hands, together with the wheat and the hay in the Grange. Was it arranging these various matters that Edward found it desirable to make the pro- longed visit to Haddlesey of which we have been writing ? The relative value and importance of townships in our parish as compared with neighbouring localities at this time may be inferred from the accounts of Richard de Moseley, parson of the church of Friston, who was the King's receiver of the revenues of the Honour of Pomfret, and the lands which lately belonged to Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, and to the other rebels who took up arms to compel the King to dismiss the Spensers from his undue affection. The list includes the following with other places, viz. : Birkin, £3 gs. 3d. ; Byrom, £1 7s. 8d. ; Est Hathelsey, £2 2s. ifd. ; West Hathelsey, £6 os. 2d. ; Temple Hirst, -^io 1 ; Knottingley, £13 15s. 6£d. ; so that the territory included in the present parish of Haddlesey represented a higher valuation than that of the neighbour- ing districts. It is of interest also to note that during the many visits paid by Edward II. to Yorkshire, we have records of many visits paid to Haddlesey, and Cowick and Sandhall, but only one to Selby. We think we cannot better conclude this portion of our narrative than by quoting a very interesting contribu- tion of Mr. Wheater's to the Weekly Yorkshire Post respect- ing Sandhall and its connection with Edward II. : 1 It is worthy of note, however, that Temple Hirst was valued at ,£14 7s. 7-jd. ten years before. See p. 61. Edward II. at Haddlesey. 107 ' Sandhall — A Forgotten Mansion. ' On the banks of the Ouse and opposite Goole stands the ancient residence Sandhall, now forgotten and in obscurity. And yet the place is historic. In 1316 the King granted to Roger de Damory 1 in fee the manor of Sandhall by the service due. Roger, one of the disgrace- ful parasites of that age, married Elizabeth, third sister and heir of Gilbert de Clare, late Earl of Gloucester; Hugh le Dispenser, jun., having married Alianor, the eldest sister, and Hugh de Audeley, jun., Margaret, the second. Damory took possession, and two years later, in 1318, the King granted to Roger and Elizabeth " Nepti Regis" in general tail the manor of Sandhall, co. Ebor, Halghton, co. Oxon, and Faukeshall, co. Surr., by the service due. The hall had previously belonged to the ancient family of Salvayne of Dufneld, of whom Sir Gerald had been a prominent soldier in Scotland. The history of the reign explains the termination of the Damory holding, and in a few years Sandhall is in the possession of the Lady Agnes de Vesci. When Edward Baliol was fetched from France in 1332 to stir up revolt in Scotland, he was brought to Sandhall as the guest of Lady Agnes, and there was planned the expedition which resulted in the overthrow of Scotland at Dupplin and Baliol's temporary restoration to the throne. The adven- ture was one of the romances of history. With the assistance of Lords Wake, Talbot, Vesci, and Beaumont, Sir Gilbert Umfraville claiming the earldom of Angus, Lord Percy claiming that of Galloway, David Strathbolgi that of Athol, Sir Geoffrey Mowbray, and others, "he gathered together 25,000 well-appointed men," and sailed from the now lost port of Ravenser, and landed at King- 1 See this name among those punished for their share in Lancaster's rebellion, Chapter V., p. 63, but afterwards pardoned by the King, so that he died a natural death. io8 History of Haddlesey. horn in Fife. A series of four actions were quickly fought, in which the Scots were so disastrously defeated that in a few weeks Baliol was crowned. In a few months he was again a fugitive, receiving a pension from the English Government, and resident at Hatfield Hall, near Don- caster, where he ended his life, and with it the historic line of the Baliols. Sandhall had shortly afterwards become a royal manor, and a residence which the King used with some dignity. In 1339 the King's butler is ordered to deliver " at the manor of Sandhalle " two tuns of wine "for the private use of our lord the King." Other places in the neighbourhood were similarly supplied, as " the manoirs of Hathelseye and Cowyk," the supply to one or other extending over some years. And so we have a pleasant glimpse of Edward's doings on the banks of the Ouse and in the region of Snaith Marsh. It is little to be suspected now, when the steamer hurries the impatient traveller past the bowery surroundings of the old house, that the kings and princes of England were wont to resort thither for their sports and rural ease. ' " On Thome's brown moor, on marshland wild, by banks of reedy Don, When Longshanks warred on Scottish ground, where Crecy's field was won, The royal bugle called the spot, the royal hunter strove By marshy mere, on pasture green, or in the sylvan Grove. From Falkirk's rout, from Poictiers, and Agin court's red plain The princely hunters hither came, their royal sport to gain ; Good Margaret fared at Brotherton, Philippa Hatfield sought, And there, to swell our roll of fame, their matron's burden brought, When joyful hearts, with loyal glee, from Cowick raised the call That spread from Hathelsea's bright stream to echo from Sandhall." ' And inasmuch as the Despensers and their connections are so closely associated with the fortunes of Edward and of others mentioned in these pages, I add their pedigree, as kindly supplied by Miss Holt, who compiled it for use Edward II at Haddlesey. 109 in her own valuable work, ' In all Time of our Tribula- tion ' (Shaw and Co.). II. The Despensers. Hugh le Despenser, the Elder, son of Hugh le De- spenser, Justiciary of England, and Alina Basset, and so related to the Stapletons : born Mar. 1-8, 1261 (Inq. Post Mori. Alina La Dispensere, 9 Edw. I., 9) ; sponsor of Edward III., 1312 ; created Earl of Winchester, 1322 ; beheaded at Bristol, Oct. 27 (Harl. MS. 6124), 1326. [This is not improbably the true date ; that of Froissart, Oct. 8, is certainly a mistake, as the Queen had only reached Wallingford, on her way to Bristol, by the 15th.] As his body was cast to the dogs, he had no burial. Married Isabel, dr. of William de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and Maud Fitz John ; widow of Patrick de Chaworth (see Fitzwilliam pedigree), by whom she was mother of Maud, wife of Henry, Duke of Lancaster : married 1281-2 (fine 2,000 marks) ; died before July 22, 1306. Issue : — 1. Hugh, the Younger, born probably about 1283 ; created Earl of Gloucester in right of wife ; hanged and afterwards beheaded (but after death) at Hereford, Nov. 24, 1326 ; quarters of body sent to Dover, Bristol, York and Newcastle, and head set on London Bridge ; finally buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. The Abbot and Chapter had granted to Hugh and Alianora, Mar. 24, 1325, in consideration of benefits received, that four masses per annum should be said for them during life, at the four chief feasts, and 300 per annum for either or both after death for ever ; on the anniversary of Hugh, the Abbot bound himself to feed the poor with bread, beer, pottage, and one mess from the kitchen, for ever (Rot. Pat., 20 Edw. II.). Hugh the Younger married Alianora, eldest daughter of Gilbert de Clare, The Red, Earl of Gloucester, and the Princess Joan of 1 1 o History of Hacidlesey. Acre (daughter of Edward I.), born at Caerphilly Castle, Nov., 1292 ; married, May 20, 1306, with a dowry of £2,000 from the Crown, in part payment of which the custody of Philip Paynel, or Paganel, the founder of Drax Abbey, was granted to Hugh the Elder, June 3, 1304 (Rot. Claus., 1 Edw. II.). Her youngest child was born at Northampton, in December, 1326, and she sent William de Culpho with the news to the King, who gave him a silver- gilt cup in reward (Wardrobe Accounts, 25/1 and 31/19). On the 19th of April, 1326, and for 49 days afterwards, she was in charge of Prince John of Eltham, who was ill at Kenilworth in April. She left that place on May 22, arriving at Shene in four days, and in June she was at Rochester and Ledes Castle, Kent, the seat of Lord Bradles- mere. Three interesting Wardrobe Accounts are extant, showing her expenses at this time (31/17 to 31/19) ; but the last is almost illegible. ' Divers decoctions and recipes ' made up at Northampton for the young Prince came to 6s. gd. ' Litter for my Lady's bed ' (to put under the feather bed in the box-like bedstead) cost 6d. Either her ladyship or her royal charge must have entertained a strong predilection for ' shrimpis,' judging from the frequency with which that entry occurs. Four quarters of wheat, we are told, made 1,200 loaves. There is evidence of a good deal of company, the principal guests beside Priors and Canons being the Lady of Montzone, the Lady of Hastings (Julian, mother of Lawrence, Earl of Pembroke), Eneas de Bohun (son of Princess Elizabeth), Sir John Neville (one of the captors of Mortimer), and John de Bentley (probably the ex- gaoler of Elizabeth, Queen of Scotland. Sundry young people seem to have been also in Lady La Edward II. at Haddlesey. 1 1 1 Despenser's care, as companions to the Prince : — Earl Lawrence of Pembroke ; Margery de Verdon, step-daughter of Alianora's sister Elizabeth ; and Joan Jeremy, or Jermyn, sister of Alice, wife of Prince Thomas de Brotherton, i.e. Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, hanged at Pomfret. The provision for April 30, the vigil of St. Philip, and therefore a fast-day, is as follows (a few words are illegible) : Pantry : — 60 loaves of the King's bread, at 5 and 4 to the penny, I3^d. Buttery : — One pitcher of wine from the King's stores at Kenilworth ; 22 gallons of beer, at ijd. per gallon, 2s. 6d. Wardrobe : — . . . lights, a farthing ; a halfpennyworth of candles of cotton . . . Kitchen : — 50 herrings, 2^d. ; 3 cod- fish, gjd. ; 4 stockfish . . . salmon, I2d. ; 3 tench, gd. ; 1 pickerel, 12 roach and perch, \ gallon of loaches, I3^d. ; one large eel . . . \\ qrs. pimpernel, 7|d. ; one piece of sturgeon, 6d. Poultry : — 100 eggs, 5d. ; cheese and butter, 3fd.; . . .milk, ijd. ; drink, id. Saltry : — J qr. mustard, a halfpenny ; \ qr. vinegar, f d. ; . . . parsley, a farthing. For May 1st, St. Philip's and a feast-day : Pantry : — 100 loaves, 22^d. Buttery : — one sextarius, 3! pitchers of wine from the King's stores at Kenil- worth; 27 gallons of beer, 2s. 8|d., being iy at id., and 12 at i|d. One quarter of hanaps, I2d. Wardrobe .-—3 lbs. wax, I5d. ; lights, £d. ; |- lb. candles of Paris, id. Kitchen : — 12 messes of powdered beef, i8d. ; 3 messes of fresh beef, gd. ; one piece of bacon, I2d. ; half a mutton, powdered, gd. ; one quarter of fresh mutton, 3d. ; one pestle of pork, 3^d. ; half a veal, I4d. Poultry : — One purcel, 4^d. ; 2 hens, I5d. ; one bird (oisoux), I2d. ; 15 ponce, 7^d. ; 8 pigeons, gjd. ; 100 eggs, 5d. ; 3 gallons milk, 3^-d. . . . Saltry : — £ quarter of mus- tard, £d. ; ... I qr. verjuice, i-|d. ; garlic, a farthing; 1 1 2 History of Haddlesey. parsley, i-d. Wages of Richard Attegrove (keeper of the horses) and the laundress, 4d. ; of 18 grooms and two pages, 2s. 5d. (Ward. Acct., 19 Edw. II., 31/17). When King Edward left London for the West, on Oct. 2nd, he committed to Lady La Despenser the custody of his son and of the Tower. On the 16th the citizens captured the Tower, brought out the Prince and the Chate- laine, and conveyed them to the Wardrobe. On Nov. 17th she was brought a prisoner to the Tower, with her children and her damsel Joan (Issue Roll, Michs., 20 Edw. II.; Close Roll, 20 Edw. II.), their expenses being calculated at the rate of 10s., per day. Alianora and her children were delivered from the Tower, with all her goods and chattels, on Feb. 25, 1328, and on the 26th of November following her ' rights and rents, according to her right and heritage/ were ordered to be restored to her (Rot. Clans., 2 Edw. III.). She was not, how- ever, granted full liberty, or else she forfeited it again very quickly ; for on Feb. 5, 1329, William Lord Zouche of Haringworth was summoned to Court, and commanded to ' bring with him quickly our cousin Alianora, who is in his company,' with a hint that unpleasant consequences would follow neglect of the order (Rot. Pat., 3 Edw. III., Part 1). A further entry on Dec. 30 tells us that Alianora, wife of William La Zouche of Mortimer (so that her marriage with her gaoler's cousin had occurred in the interim), had been impeached by the Crown concerning certain jewels, florins, and other goods of the King, to a large amount, which had been ■ esloignez ' from the Tower of London : doubtless by the citizens when they seized the fortress, and the impeachment was, of course, like many other things, an outcome of Queen Isabelle's Edward II at Haddlesey. 1 1 3 private spite. 'The said William and Alianora, for pardon of all hindrances, actions, quarrels, and demands, until the present date, have granted, of their will and without coercion, for themselves and the heirs of the said Alianora, all castles, manors, towns, honours, and other lands and tenements, being of her heritage, in the county of Glamorgan and Morgannon, in Wales, the manor of Hanley, the town of Worcester, and the manor of Tewkes- bury for ever to the King.' The King, on his part, undertook to restore the lands in the hour that the original owners should pay him £10,000 in one day. The real nature of this non-coercive and voluntary agreement was shown in November, I330j when (one month after the arrest of Morti- mer), at the petition of Parliament itself, one-half of this £10,000 was remitted. Alianora died, June 30, 1337, and was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. 2. Philip, died before Apr. 22, 1214. Married Margaret, daughter of Ralph de Goushill ; born July 25, 1296 ; married before 1313 ; died July 29, 1349. (She married, secondly, John de Ros.) 3. Isabel, married (1) John Lord Hastings, (2) about 1319, Ralph de Monthermer ; died Dec. 4 or 5, 1335. Left issue by first marriage. The daughters of Edward II. were brought up in her care. 4. Aveline, married before 1329, Edward Lord Burnel ; died in May or June, 1363. No issue. 5. Elizabeth, married before 1321 Ralph Lord Camoys ; living 1370. Left issue. 6. Joan, married Almaric Lord St. Amand. [Doubtful if of this family] 7. Joan, nun at Sempringham before 1337 ; dead Feb. 15, i35i- 8. Alianora, nun at Sempringham before 1337 ; living i35i- H4 History of Haddlesey. Issue of Hugh the younger and Alianora : i. Hugh, bom 1308. He held Caerphilly Castle (which belonged to his mother) against Queen Isabelle : on Jan. 4 of that year life was granted to all in the castle except himself, pro- bably as a bribe for surrender, which was extended to himself on Mar. 20 ; but Hugh held out till Easter (Apr. 12), when the castle was taken. He remained a prisoner in the custody of his father's great enemy, Roger Earl of March, till Dec. 5, 1328, when March was ordered to deliver him to Thomas de Gournay, one of the mur- derers of King Edward, and Constable of Bristol Castle, where he was to be kept till further order (Rot. Claus., 1 and 2 Edw. III.; Rot. Pat., 1 Edw. III.). On July 5, 1331, he was ordered to be set at liberty within 15 days after Michaelmas, Ebulo L'Estrange, Ralph Basset, 1 John le Ros, Richard Talbot, and others being sureties for him (Rot. Claus., 5 Edw. III.). In 1338 he was dwelling in Scotland in the King's service (lb., 12 Edw. III.), and in 1342 in Gascony, with a suite of one banneret, 14 knights, 44 scutifers, 60 archers, and 60 men-at-arms (lb., 16 ib.). He died s.p. Feb. 8, 1349; buried at Tewkesbury. Married Elizabeth, dr. of William de Montacute, first Earl of Salisbury, and Katherine de Grandison (widow of Giles Lord Badlesmere, who was put to death at Canterbury in 132 1 as an adherent of Lancaster, remarried Guy de Bryan) ; married 1338-44 ; died at Astley, June 20, 1359 > buried at Tewkesbury. 2. Edward, died 1341. Married (and left issue) Anne, dr. of Henry Lord Ferrers of Groby, and Mar- garet Segrave (remarried Thomas Ferrers) ; living Oct. 14, 1366. 3. Gilbert, died Apr. 22, 1382. Married, and left issue ; but his wife's name and family are unknown. 1 This Ralph Basset was the last peer of his race. He died in 1390 unmarried. Edward II. at Haddlesey. 1 1 5 4. Joan, mm at Shaftesbury, in or before 1343 ; died Apr. 26, 1384. 5. Elizabeth, married 1338 Maurice Lord Berkeley ; died Aug. 14, 1389 ; left issue. [Doubtful if of this family] 6. Isabel, married at Havering, Feb. 9, 1321, Richard Earl of Arundel ; divorced 1345 ; buried in Westminster Abbey. No issue. 7. Alianora, contracted July 27, 1325, to Lawrence de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke ; contract broken by Queen Isabelle, who on Jan. 1st, 1327, sent a mandate to the Prioress of Sempringham, commanding her to receive the child and ' veil her immediately, that she may dwell there perpetually as a regular nun' (Rot. Claus., 1 Edw. III.). Since it was not usual for a nun to receive the black veil before her sixteenth year, this was a complete irregularity. Nothing further is known of her. 8. Margaret, consigned by Edward II. to the care of Thomas de Houk, with her nurse and a large household ; she remained in his charge 'for three years and more/ according to his petition presented to the King, May 1st, 1327 (Rot. Claus., 1 Edw. III.). On the previous 1st of January the Queen had sent to the Prioress of Watton a similar mandate to that mentioned above, requiring that Margaret should at once be professed a regular nun. No further record remains of her. CHAPTER IX. TEMPLE HIRST UNDER THE DARCYS. NOTWITHSTANDING that Henry VIII. re- proached the Darcys as 'but mean, scarce well-born gentlemen, and yet of no great lands till they were promoted by us,' they seem to have been among the followers of William the Norman, and from his time to have taken a more or less prominent part in public affairs. The one with whom our story begins, as the possessor of the manors of Temple Hirst and Temple Newsam by grant from Edward III. in 1338, is Sir John Darcy, nephew of the great Earl of Lincoln, and an old friend of Sir Nicholas Stapleton. The following extract from Yorkshire deeds in the Record Office will come in here appropriately : ' C. 805. Grant by John de Arcy, knight, lord of Notton, to Peter del Hill, of Notton, of lands, etc., which the grantor had by the feoffment of Richard, son of John de la Wodehall, of Cotheworth, within the boundaries of the same place, for life; with remainders to his son Ralph and the heirs of his body, and others.' [Thirteenth century] This Lord Darcy held high office in the household of Edward III., first as Lord Steward, and afterwards as Chamberlain. It was probably in this capacity he was o^igH « o 8 >: ° M w wi O 33 g u-2 o 3 s S ..2h ° ° £ ° 5 WOSBm "- O <= 3 S" w ~ " d-H x» trt B M ^ v> S3 - •> u — ' "ir* *— /v> ■ — ' ttJ -3 PP O c etcs rge Bur << u n C «o£5 o . . o -G i-i w th £ ^ .-< (/j -3 Matt, o. Stil rTho hn De -llll II irba rsul arg. oro. -pq^SP tn • rt . . >, C c OT n - £ * -5> uT C «— SS h o o .u ... v c ~ « ri ta c . J2 T3 O )- •— >J? UOkJ u o - rt O il . >* c b o C -" !U W x.5 a K^pq II cj N W ^_« U3 "p II -! r- k- Frances, illiam, Du merset, \v omas, Ea uthamptoi rd Treasu -fe . o-C o o m> uffioiJ ances Thos of shire. ."- . >^t fc °ss t^TJ MM ii .^ h-S i P4 " n (J§H v ! CO J3 . in . s £p$h;3 £■■2 Si -a 2 « ijj, Oi-iQwM b m rl o S -a » t: u L I"" .B rt cnpq .a 6 d a E II- — o o u CJ V {&*, 5U C -/ ? *, X^, ^^ — "^ ^ &? ^, ^tl^/ u-»» ^a. ir/turrf-t <* Cra^ e a-~< 4- fftr-r &- -U o~**-*-* ae^r" "*»««-» Between #^.138-139. The Haddlesey Pedigree 139 \ I. F 7" I II Ml George Had- William. 1 Thomas. Kay. Abigail. dlesey of Samuel. Robert. Hamp- Esther. Clifle, bur. Michael. ton. Anne. Jan. 19,1626-7. Wm. Had-=Anne, Anne Had- Edward = dlesey, of South Duf- field ; will proved Nov. 13, 1641. d.Aug. desley, of Haddle 1,1609. South sey, of Duffield, Bracken- bur. Jan. holme ; 4, 1642. bur. Oct. 13. 1620. Dorothy Fawkes. Wm. H. =Eliz. Hache 1637, and Mabel Kirlew, Nov. 29, 1640. I Wm. Haddlesey,=Mary of South Duffield, bur. May 7, 1663. I I I Catherine.- dau. of Dorothy. Mark- Robert, bur. at ham. Selby Jan. 18, 1603-4. Ml i| Marmaduke. M icu~J. Philip. Thomas. Robert. Toan. Ma.,, I I George Had- dlesey, bap. 1632-3- Philip, bap. 1641. I I I I I Markham Haddlesey=Frances. Susanna, bap. Oct. 30, 1634. of South Duffield, Anne, bap. July 16, 1637. bap. Nov. 15, 1635 ; Elizth., bap. July 25, 1638. d. May 28, 1676. Mary, bap. Sept. 21, 1643. Wm. Had- dlesey, bap. May 31, 1664. Pelham Haddlesey : of South Duffield, bap. Nov. 6, 1666; bur. Aug. 14, 1702. I I I : Henrietta Maria, Anne, bur. Dec. 27, 1660, dau. of Marma- Mary, bap. Feb 5, 1662. duke Norcliff, Frances, bap. July 8, Aug. 1, 1691. 1673 ; bur. Jan. 26, 1679-80. of South Duffield, bur. May 15, 1729. I III Markham Haddlesey=Anne Blythe, William. . . . ., m. at Pelham. York Minster Nathaniel. Oct. 16, 1712; bur. Nov. 14, 1744. M arkham —Anne. I I I Henrietta=John Smith of Maria South Duffield, Oct. 31, 1725. Alice, bap. May 21, 1700. Wm. Haddlesey, bap. Jan. 14, 1713 ; bur. Dec. %l. 1715. I Thomas, bap. July 30, 1722. I John Haddlesey, ; of South Duffield, bap. June 20, 1724 ; bur. Apl. 14, 1765. Mary, dau. of — Hob>on, of Cop- manthorpe ; bur. Oct. 11, 1788, aged 59. 1 A William Haddlesey, of Holy Trinity, Hull, married Joan Barnard same place 1608. 2 A Cathron Hadelsie was married to Joseph Curtis at St. Mary's Church, Hull, November 27, 1651. 140 History of Haddlesey. Wm. Haddle-=Jane, dau. sey of South of — Snow- Duffield.bap. ballofMal- Jan. 30,1749; ton,whore- d. April 14, married — i824,aged 74. Tomlinson. Markham, bap. Feb. 29, 1764; bur. May 31, 1787. Joshua, posthumous, bap. Jan. 2, 1766 ; d. unmarried 1846. I. Mary,=John Haddle-^ daughter sey, gent., bap. of— Feb. 21, 1758; Wood. d. at Thorne 1820, and bur. there. MM! Anne, Mary=Thos. dau. Hornby of of — • Snaith. Philip- Anne=Thos. son. Jewitt. Frances=Robt. Clark, Holy Trinity, Hull. Elizth., bap. Jan. 9, 1760. Maria, bap. Mar., 1762; bur. Apl. 17, 1765- Wm. Haddlesey=f Charlotte, d. Ashforth in Mary= — Stephenson; of South Duffield, d. Aug. 13. l8 57, aged 61. 1816 : d. June 13, 1865, aged 72. d. 1865. I I I William, born 1817 ; d. an infant. John, bap. 1825. Joseph, bap. 1828. Wm. Haddlesey : of South Dul- field, bap. 1827; died Sept. 16, 1872, aged 45. m ; 1 m 1 Hannah, dau. of Jane, bap. 1819. Thos. Cawkill Anne, bap. 1821 of Cliffe, m. July, 1850 ; d. Sept. 27, 1872, aged 43. d. May 14, 1855, aged 34. Mary, bap. 1823. Charlotte, bap. 1830 ; d. infant. Elizabeth, bap. 1833. Charlotte Anderson, bap. 1834 ; d. July 24, 1862, aged 27. Susanna, bap. 1837. I I I Charlotte Ashforth, born Dec. 3, 1853. Frances Anne, born March II, 1862. Susanna, born May 14, 1870. I John Wm. Haddlesey, born April 8, 1856. Mary Moun- tain Shaw of Selby, 1878. I I I Wm. Thos. Haddlesey, born Sept. 22, 1857. Arthur Ed. Haddlesey, born Oct. 27, 1859. Markham Chas. Had- dlesey, born Sept. 28, 1863. M M I Wm. Henry, b. Oct. 14, 1878. Ernest John, b. June 3, 1883. Beatrice Hannah, b. Jan. 17, 1886. Chas. Pearsey, b. March 11, 1889. Thos. Cawkill, b. Jan. 3, 1892. The Marmaduke Haddlesey, merchant and Alderman of Hull, who died in 1607, mentioned above, is supposed to be the father of Thomas Haddlesey, Vicar of Kirkby The Haddlesey Pedigree. 141 Grindal 1618, and Rector of Thorpe Bassett 1625-26. Also probably the father of : Robert Haddlesey, =f Eliz. Hampton, Oct. 24, 1604. Rector of Catwick in Holderness, 1602-3. I m m n Ann, bap. Nov. 13, 1605. Margaret, bap. May 5, Marmaduke, bap. Sept. Elizth., bap. July 12, 1614. 21, 1618. 1607. Susanna, bap. June 29, Michael, bap. Nov. 5, Dorothy, bap. Jan., 1615. 1620. 1612-13. Abigail, bap. July 30; bur. Aug. 8, 1617. The residence of the Haddleseys is said to have been panelled with oak and of considerable age. Near the entrance is a rudely sculptured stone representing a lion on the back of a tortoise, symbolizing the old motto, ' Festina lente,' which seems appropriate to the career of the Haddleseys. On the death of Mr. William Haddlesey in 1872 the estate of 125 acres, with a corn mill, was sold, other property having been previously disposed of. There seems, however, to have been a branch of this family settled in Lincolnshire in the fifteenth century, who intermarried with the Fitzwilliams of Mablethorp. This branch is supposed to be descended from Robert Haddlesey, Rector of Catwick in 1602. Samuel Fitz- william Haddlesey, solicitor of Caistor, now represents this branch. HADDLESEY — COATES. — August 19, at St. Nicholas' Church, Searby, Lincolnshire, by the Rev. J. F. Kirk, assisted by the Rev. J. R. Hill, George Haddlesey, third son of G. R. F. Haddlesey, Esq., Caistor, to Ethel Margaret, eldest daughter of W. H. Coates, Esq., J. P., of Searby Manor, Caistor, Lincolnshire. One meets with a few odd members of the Haddlesey family in occasional records, e.g., in the register of mar- riages at Selby Abbey under date March 18, 1622 : Edward Haddlesey and Alice Barstowe. CHAPTER XII. TEMPLE HIRST AND THE DARCIES (continued). T E now return to Temple Hirst and the events associated with it after the Fitzwilliams w T t became resident at East Haddlesey. In Chapter IX. we broke off our history of the Darcys at the death of John Darcy, who died in 1363 quite young. His mother, however, survived, and a younger brother named Philip, who took the title of Baron Darcy and Meinill from his mother. The Countess died in 1377 — a very eventful date in English history. In 1376 the English Parliament — called 'the good ' because of its patriotic spirit — passed the law of Praemunire and Provisors, forbidding presenta- tions to benefices in England by the Pope, and the pub- lication of any decree or Bull without royal permission asked and granted. The Pope strove hard to get this statute repealed, for it effectually arrested that ruinous process by which the Court of Rome extracted from England a revenue five times as great as that received by its own monarch. This patriotic and reformation move- ment was strengthened by the fact that the House of Commons asserted its right to have a voice in the ad- ministration of national affairs. So they took up the line of opposition to the powerful Duke of Lancaster, whose John Wy cliff e. 143 mismanagement of the French war had caused universal indignation, and also to the prelates, who wished to con- tinue their extortions. The movement of ecclesiastical reform found an eminently capable leader in the person of John Wycliffe, one of Yorkshire's noblest sons, one of England's saintliest and most learned doctors. It would take up too much of our space to follow his grand career as confessor and apostle of truth in an age when its voice was almost entirely hushed. Let it suffice to say that his own indignant rebuke of the mistaken re- joicings of the monks at Oxford over his anticipated death — ' I shall not die, but live to declare the evil deeds of the friars ; truth is great, and shall prevail ' — have been emphatically fulfilled in the results of his labours. His invincible courage, his burning eloquence, his convincing dialectics, his gift of God's Word to a hungering nation, and his clear exposition of the fundamental basis of evangelic truth, broke down the barriers with which false- hood and superstition had kept back the onflowing stream of the river of water of life across the dry places of England, and paved the way for that flood-tide of freedom and truth which reached its high-water mark in the glorious Reformation of the sixteenth century. It is important to bear in mind the deep hold Wycliffe's teach- ing had on the masses, so that his enemies said that every second man they met was a disciple of his. But it was not only the masses, but also the classes, of that day who learnt to love the truth of the Gospel as taught by the good parson of Lutterworth, to say nothing of Lord Cobham, who died for the cause, or the Earls of Salisbury, Neville, Latimer, and the powerful Duke of Lancaster. In the royal circle itself Wycliffe had zealous supporters — ' the Fair Maid of Kent/ the widow of the Black Prince ; 'the Good Queen Anne,' widow of Richard II.; and secretly the good Duke Humphrey, as well as many of the clergy, including David Gothraie, of Pickering, monk 144 History of Haddlesey. of Byland. The year 1377 was also the year of the death of Edward III. and of the accession of his grandson, Richard II., whose cruel death in the neighbouring castle of Pontefract is quite within the scope of a history of Haddlesey, inasmuch as Haddlesey was then, and is still, part of the Honour of Pontefract, and of the ancient possessions of the duchy of Lancaster. The boy-King Richard ascended the throne amidst a whirlwind of excite- ment, caused by the peasant revolt and the poll-tax troubles. The chief disturbance from these labour wars, however, was in the southern and eastern counties, for in the fourteenth century they were, as regards industrial movements, of much the same importance as the northern and midland counties of our day. The battle which raged in Haddlesey at the end of the fourteenth century seems to have been the attempt made by the Knights Hospitallers to deprive young Philip Darcy of Temple Hirst and Temple Newsam. The attempt failed, and the Court of King's Bench decided in his favour in 1380. But again in 1402 the Hospitallers opposed the succession of John Darcy, the son of Philip ; and again they were unsuc- cessful. We must not dismiss our notice of this noble- man, who died at Temple Hirst, December 9, 1411, and was buried in Selby Abbey, without further consideration. ' A splendid altar-tomb, with an effigy all of alabaster,' was erected to his memory, and ought to have been cherished as one of the most valuable trophies in the keeping of its authorities. A very full and interesting description of the monument and its misfortunes appears in Part xlvii. of the Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, with a carefully elaborated engraving of the tomb, of which, by the kindness of Mr. C. C. Hodges, of Hexham, and the courtesy of the editors of the Archceological Journal, I am enabled to give the readers of this volume the benefit. One can scarcely imagine that so precious a monument, in so many senses of the word, should have fallen a victim Lord Darcy and Meinill of Temple Hirst. 145 10 146 History of Haddlesey. to the untoward treatment which it has sustained. It is hard to understand on what pretence it was ever removed from its original site ; and as to the difficulty of repairing so valuable a relic, I certainly think that a little of the zeal and liberality which displayed itself in a bazaar, yield- ing a net profit of some £1,500, might have been ex- pended on the care of an object which ought to have been regarded as valuable as any part of the abbey treasures, and infinitely more unique than some of those modern embellishments which have been allowed to supersede monuments which no architectural legerdemain can re- produce. Our local interest in this tomb justifies my quoting two letters of Mr. Mill Stephenson, F.S.A., on the subject : ' To the Editor of the " Selby Times." ' Sir, ' The choir of the Abbey Church has just gone through the ordeal of a " restoration." Gravestones, as usual, have been swept into obscure corners to make way for marble pavements. One tomb — the interesting alabaster high tomb to one of the Darcy family, c. 1400, with recumbent effigy and rich in heraldry — has been wantonly and wilfully broken up, one can only suppose for the sake of the material, since the new credence-table is constructed from some of the fragments. The monu- ment in question stood, previous to the restoration, directly under the great east window ; for more than two centuries before this, and probably from its erection, it stood in the second bay of the choir. A drawing of this monument, taken in 1641, is still extant, and shows the effigy and all the shields of arms perfect. Now the mutilated trunk lies in the south choir-aisle, whilst the richly-panelled sides, adorned with the shields of the great families of Neville, Fitz-Hugh, Roos, Willoughby, etc., are placed under the east window like museum Lord Darcy and Meinill of Temple Hirst. 147 specimens. Such is the fate of one of the most interest- ing tombs in the church ; the fragments remain for the present mute witnesses of the iconoclastic barbarism of the nineteenth-century restorer. The next step will be to consign these fragments to the obscurity of the lumber- room, where they will be lost for ever. The outlay of a small sum in the first instance would have repaired this interesting memorial of one of the greatest families con- nected with Selby and the neighbourhood. Notwith- standing that the mischief has now been done beyond repair, the fragments still remaining are worthy of the most careful preservation. In the neighbouring church of Brayton may still be seen a monument to the same family carefully and reverently preserved. ' I am, sir, yours, etc., 'Mill Stephenson, F.S.A. ' Howden, March 28, 1892.' ' To the Editor of the " Selby Times." ' Sir, ' . . . With regard to the Darcy monument — or, as Mr. Tweedie prefers to call it, " a tomb " — when it stood under the east window it was plain to all people that it was a monument. To those conversant with our ancient monuments it told more, viz., that the figure repre- sented a man in armour of the era known as the " camail period " — that is to say, in a mixed armour of mail and plate. The head, enclosed in a pointed bascinet, rested on a tilting helmet adorned with a crest of feathers — this latter still remains. To the bascinet was attached a camail, or gorget of mail, and over this was worn the famous Lancastrian collar of the SS. Traces of both camail and collar are still visible. The body was fully protected by armour, and over this armour was worn a jupon, or short sleeveless garment of silk, emblazoned with the owner's arms. If Mr. Tweedie will examine the 148 History of Haddlesey. trunk carefully, he will have no difficulty in finding which is the back or which the front, for just under the raised arm of the figure are still to be seen the cinquefoils and crosses which constituted the Darcy shield of arms. So far from the writer's own notes, taken in 1879, when noting the monuments in this and neighbouring churches. Traces of a lion at the man's feet then existed, but now seem to have disappeared, perhaps into the credence- table as one of the " shapeless fragments." ' Last year my attention was called to a valuable MS. containing notes on the heraldry and monuments in the Abbey Church, taken in the year 1641. In this is a sketch showing the monument, then standing on the south side of the choir, and giving the heraldry com- plete. The jupon bears the arms of Darcy and Grey, of Wilton. From this evidence, taken in conjunction with the shields on the sides, it appears that the monument is that erected to the memory of John Darcy, Lord Darcy and Meinill, who died 9th December, 1411, and by his will desired to be buried either in Guisborough Priory or Selby Abbey ; this to depend in which neighbourhood he happened to die. His wife was Margaret, daughter of Henry Grey, Lord Grey of "Wilton. His mother was a Grey of Heton ; his grandmother the daughter and sole heiress of Nicholas, Lord Meinill, by Alice, daughter of William Ros, Lord Ros. His son Philip, Lord Darcy, married Eleanor, daughter of Lord Fitz-Hugh, and, dying without male issue, the barony of Darcy went into abey- ance, where it still remains. The arms of all these great families are still to be. seen on the fragments of the monu- ment as now arranged under the east window. 'Mr. Tweedie says the monument was principally made up of cement. To a certain extent this was to be ex- pected, for there is no doubt that considerable damage was done at the time of its former removal, but these " restorers " had the grace to erect it again as well as they Thomas Lord Darcy of Temple Hirst. 149 could. Had this monument been again taken to pieces and recemented, it would have still remained a monument, and not a mere collection of fragments, as at present. Your readers may gather from this short account that the monument in question was erected to the memory of the head of one of the most powerful families in the neigh- bourhood, and even in its cemented condition was worthy of preservation as a monument. ' I remain, sir, yours, etc., ' Mill Stephenson, B.A., F.S.A. ' Howden, April 9, 1892.' This John Darcy died in 141 1, having married Mar- garet, daughter of Henry Lord Grey, of Wilton, and it was from Philip's second son William that the last of the Darcys of Temple Hirst and Temple Newsam was descended. This last Lord Darcy was summoned to Parliament in 1509 by the title of Darcy of Temple Hirst. The original barony of Darcy had fallen into abeyance in the reign of Henry V. between heirs general of the eldest line, married to Conyers and Strangeways. The male line had been continued from John, the uncle of the co-heirs, and a new barony was created, as just stated above. This Thomas Lord Darcy was knighted by Henry VII., who made him Governor of Berwick, served Henry VIII. in the wars in Spain against the Moors, and was employed by him in offices of trust and honour, Henry making him a Knight of the Garter and Justice in Eyre of the forests beyond Trent. But he sorely disliked any measures of revolt from the Church of Rome, and especially the suppression of the monasteries, as was being carried on under the direction of Cromwell the Vicar-General, though it should never be forgotten that the first movement for the suppression of the monasteries was due to Wolsey, encouraged by license 150 History of H addle sey. of Pope Clement V., 1525. 1 And Wolsey and Lord Darcy were intimate friends, as the following letter will show, January 15, 1514. After certain requests, he says : ' Sir, when I went in my chief room and office within the court, ye and I were, bedfellows, and each of us brake our minds to other in all our affairs, and every of us was determined and promised to do other pleasure if it should lie in either of us at any time. Sir, loving to God, now it lieth in your power to help and advance such of your friends as ye favour.' After this reminder he ventures to ask for the office of Marshal, and a discharge of a debt of £266 13s. 4d., as he is about to shift his poor plate, as his purse was never so weak. He concludes : ' Sir, every man will now seek to be your friend, and to be in favour with you ; but yet in no wise forget not to cherish such as were your lovers and friends, and desired and was content with your favour and company, for your own sake only, when they reckoned nothing to have you to do for them.' Wolsey was at this time Bishop of Tournay in France, Lord High Almoner to the King, and Bishop of Lincoln, and soon after Archbishop of York ; so that, with his residence at Cawood, no doubt Lord Darcy would renew his friendship with the companion of his youth. At all events, we may believe he would not neglect any oppor- tunity in that direction. But the policy of which Wolsey was the author bore fruit in a direction little liked by his friend at Temple Hirst. Henry was not content that his favourite should suppress a few religious houses for his own special purposes. He saw an opening to replenish the royal exchequer, and so it came to pass, in the quaint language of Fuller, ' the dissolution of forty small houses, caused by the Cardinal, made all the forest of religious houses in England to shake, justly fearing that the King 1 See ' Lives of the English Cardinals,' by Folkestone Williams, vol. ii. (Allen and Co., Strand, 1868), and Fuller's ' Church History.' Dissolution of the Monasteries. 151 would finish to fell the oaks, seeing the Cardinal began to cut the underwood.' Hence in 1536 a motion was made in both Houses of Parliament 'that, to support the King's states, and supply his wants, all religious houses might be conferred on the Crown which were not able clearly to expend above two hundred pounds a year.' The reason assigned for this measure was the grossly immoral lives led by the inmates of these houses, and the impossibility of reforming them, ' although continual visitations had been had for the space of two hundred years and more.' A clear income of -£30,000 per annum, besides £10,000 worth of plate and furniture, was thus obtained ostensibly for the Crown, but only for a short time, as grants were made to the King's subjects, not so much, says Fuller again shrewdly, ' hoping that these small morsels to so many mouths should satisfy their hunger, but only intending to give them a taste of the sweetness of abbey lands /' But the dissolution of these lesser houses awakened feelings of insecurity as regards the bigger, and so we find some of them not only shaking in their shoes, but also wagging their tongues in the way of rebellious protest. It was in Lincolnshire, ' one of the most brute and beastly of the whole realm,' in the flattering language of the irate monarch whose conduct they arraigned, that the rebellion broke out. Some thousands of people, made up largely out of the unpensioned monks and nuns turned adrift to beg, thieve, or starve, appeared suddenly at Louth in the end of September, 1536. On Sunday morning, October 1, people gathered on the green, and in the evening were led by Nicholas Melton, a shoemaker called Captain Cobler. The next day a crowd met in the market-place armed with bills, scythes, and staves, and the King's Commissioner barely escaped with his life. Similar scenes occurred at Caistor and Horncastle. But at the latter place Dr. Mackarel, the deposed Abbot of 1 5 2 History of Haddlesey. Barlings, came armed with a banner embroidered with a plough, a chalice, the Host, a horn, and the five wounds of Christ. Here the insurgents formulated their demands, viz., ' the restoration of the monasteries, the remission of the subsidy, the clergy to pay no more firstfruits or tenths, the repeal of the Statute of Uses, the removal of villein blood from the Council, and the deprivation, etc., of Archbishop Cranmer, Bishops Latimer, Hiley, Longlands, and Brown.' CHAPTER XIII. THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE. LINCOLN joined in the rebellion and became its centre. Sir Marmaduke Constable and Sir > Edward Madyson meanwhile had been sent to the King at Windsor with the demands of the insurgents, and got the reply in which occurred the words already quoted as to the rude Commons of one shire finding fault with their prince, etc., ordering them by proclamation in Lincoln market-place to give up their arms and return to their homes. The appearance of an army under the Earl of Suffolk led many to withdraw, so that the 60,000 at Lincoln were reduced to 20,000, and when Suffolk entered the city he met with scowling faces, but no overt resistance. Indeed, the nobles and gentry and their labourers helped to restore order, and the towns one by one submitted. Abbot Mackarel and his canons were sent to London, and half of them set free after a short imprisonment. The Abbot himself and twelve others were hanged for the murder of the Chancellor of Lincoln. Baron Hussey of Sleaford was found guilty of high treason and fined with the loss of his barony, manor of Sleaford, worth £5,000 a year, and finally beheaded. Out of some 60,000, only a score were punished with death, and so ended in a fort- night the Lincolnshire Pilgrimage of Grace. But the 1 54 History of Haddlesey. spirit of revolt spread into Yorkshire, and in its develop- ment involved Lord Darcy of Temple Hirst, so that our parish was closely associated with the events of this religious war, and, indeed, some of its most significant passages took place on the very soil which we daily traverse. 1 The second outburst was much more for- midable than the first, inasmuch as it embraced persons of greater weight, but who evidently entered more deeply into the aim and object of the revolt. We must remember that the divorce of Queen Catha- rine and the religious changes which followed, although not caused by that event, produced very different sensa- tions among the lower ranks in the Northern counties, and in those near and around London. In the home counties opinion was with the King. Here the cause of Spain and the creed of Rome were rejected, and the decrees which were to restore the Anglican Church to its independence and the English Sovereign to his supremacy had been arrived at long before the King and Parliament had embodied them in legal phrase. But it was not so in the North. The division of England into two Church provinces was very much of a reality in the time of the Tudor King. The two provinces had different customs, and in some things different law. York was a great capital. Monarchs had lived and fought and married and died within its walls. Parliaments had met there many a time, and a great many thought the King should again hold his Court and assemble his Parliament within this 1 As regards Lord Darcy, it is important to note how strongly attached he was to the cause of the religious houses. For his gene- rous benefactions to the friar-preachers at Beverley the Prior and brethren of this convent entered in a binding contract on August 29, 1524, to celebrate the anniversaries of the death of Lord Darcy and of his wife, the Lady Edith (? Elizabeth) in the most solemn and grateful manner. It is worthy of note, likewise, that Lord Darcy got special leave of absence from attendance in Parliament in 1535 because he foresaw the ruin of the religious houses, and was unwilling to give his vote therein. The Pilgrimage of Grace. 155 ancient city. London was regarded as almost foreign to many a sturdy Yorkshireman. Yet, for all this, in all points of culture and foresight the Northern shires were much behind those of the South and West. Those instincts out of which rise a nation's greatness (with few exceptions), in the reign of Henry, had their root not alongside of the Humber and Tyne, but by the banks of the Severn and the Thames. Those silent changes in public opinion which were so welcome in the South, as seen by the reception of Wycliffe at St. Paul's and at Lambeth, by the Lollard Lord Mayor, Sir John North- ampton, and in other forms, had no full counterpart in the shires of the North. In these parts men saw few travellers and read no books. They roamed through their native dales, they tented on their wolds, from youth to age ; even in the nineteenth century there are men in some of the remoter districts of the North who have never gone beyond their nearest market town. Proud of their dogs, their horses, and their wives, they were at war with all outside their own special thoughts and customs. Coarse in manners and rude in speech, they were not so shocked by the moral shortcomings of their spiritual guides, the monks and friars, as Southerners were. While the laity of Kent rejoiced over the destruction of St. Augustine's, the friars of Jervaulx, 1 with their fine horses and good cheese, were looked upon as the peasants' best friends. Hence, when Darcy of Temple Hirst and Dacre of Gillesland, or ' the North,' spoke unfavourably of the changes being made in London, ' the common people took up the tale with a clatter of hoofs and pikes which echoed through the land.' It is possible, too, that York- shiremen had not forgotten Bosworth field. The White Rose had been worsted in conflict with the Red ; and although it was true that Henry united in himself the two Roses, yet, as he was quarrelling with the Pope and 1 More correctly Yore Vaux, or the valley of the Yore, or Ure. _ 756 History of Haddlesey. making new laws, he might fight and fail, and then there might be a reversal of the position. A Yorkist prince might marry a daughter of the Red Rose. However, whatever were the motives which stirred the malcontents, it is a fact that the royal decree for suppressing monasteries met with violent resistance in the North, especially in York- shire. Among the more local causes of discontent was a report that some of the parish churches were to be removed so that no two should be nearer than five miles apart. Robert Aske, a gentleman of middle age, was riding home from a hunting-party at his cousin Ellerkers, near Beverley, the end of September, 1536, when he was seized by a band of so-called pilgrims, made to swear their oath, viz., ' Ye shall not enter into this our Pilgrim- age of Grace for the Commonwealth, but only for the love you bear unto Almighty God, His faith, and to holy Church militant, the maintenance thereof, to the preserva- tion of the King's person, his issue, to the purifying of nobility, and to expulse all vilain blood, and evil counsel- lors against the Commonwealth, from his Grace and the Privy Council of the same, and that ye shall not enter into our said Pilgrimage, for no particular profit to your- self . . . nor slay nor murder for no envy, but in your hearts put away all fear and dread, and take afore you the cross of Christ, and in your hearts His faith, the resti- tution of ye Church, the suppression of these heretics and their opinions by all the holy contents of this book.' Having done this he was proclaimed their leader. It was a strange choice. Aske was a London lawyer, totally unacquainted with the art of war. Yet here he was, on a Yorkshire wold, with a general's staff, in the midst of an excited crowd, most of them armed and mounted, clamouring to be led to London in defence of the King and holy Church. Aske began to think. Evidently he felt with those who had so suddenly elevated him to power. But he knew that if this rising of the The Pilgrimage of Grace. 157 commons was to succeed it must be led by the ancient lords of the soil, by the Percys of Wressil and the Darcys of Darcy and Temple Hirst. So he made up his mind to seek these men. Lesser men, Bulmers, Tempests, and others were coming into the camp, why not Percy ? Henry Percy, sixth Earl of Northumberland, was the man of highest rank and power north of the Trent. He was the King's deputy, Warden of the East and Middle March, the fountain of authority in the border districts. Henry, the Earl, no doubt sympathized with the rebels. But he was thriftless and weak in body. He had never got. over his love for Anne Boleyn, and he was mourning in his great house at Wressil, on the Derwent, her unhappy fate ! When Aske and a body of riders rushed into the court- yard at Wressil, shouting ' A Percy ! a Percy!' that re- doubtable personage slipped into bed and sent out word that he was sick. Aske sent a fresh message — they wanted a Percy, the Earl if possible, but if not, his brothers, Sir Thomas and Sir Ingram. These young knights rose with alacrity. Henry protested feebly, and revoked the commission they held under him as officers in the East and Middle Marches. Catharine, their mother, widow of the fifth Earl, detained them with tears, as she foresaw their doom. But though they paused a moment, 'they soon leapt to horse, and, clad in flashing steel and flaunting plume, rode forward into camp, where the pilgrims received them with uproarious joy.' These very things were afterwards referred to as showing their deliberate choice. Some 30,000 pilgrims began their march towards London. York opened her gates after a brief parley. Then Aske advanced on Pontefract, the surrender of which by Lord Darcy gave him the com- mand of Barnsdale up to Doncaster. Darcy ' captured,' at Pomfret was sworn and became a leader ; also Sir John Bulmer and many more, although Aske still continued the captain. And here it will be convenient to recount 158 History of Haddlesey. other aspects of the rebellion. It is remarkable how much the Aske family were involved in it. Robert Aske, the captain, belonged to a younger branch which had settled at Aughton, and of which I am told an old man of the labouring class survives to-day. But the senior branch of the family was headed by William Aske, of Aske Park, near Richmond (now the seat of the Earl of Zetland). Alice, daughter of William Aske, married Cristofer Stapilton, of Wighill. He was a studious man, and of feeble health, and so in 1536 was at Beverley ' for change of ayer.' When the rebellion broke out, Cristofer and his second wife, daughter of Sir John Neville, of Chevet, were lodging at the Greyfriars' monastery, and the populace forced them to take the oath of alliance to the rebels, but he retired to his house at Wighill as soon as possible. But William, a younger brother, like Robert Aske, a young lawyer returning to town after his vacation, seems to have been drawn completely into the movement. His confession has furnished Mr. Froude with one of his picturesque chapters, from which and Mr. Chetwynd- Stapylton's article ' The Stapiltons of Wighill,' in York- shire Archceological Journal, I abridge. The first Sunday in October a proclamation was issued, ' Every man to Westwood Green (near Beverley) with such horse and harness as he had on pain of death and to take the oath.' After resisting, William Stapilton and his nephew, Sir Brian, reluctantly submitted ; then the mob cried out, ' Master William Stapilton shall be our capitayne,' and so at length he became captain, with young Sir Brian and Richard Wharton and the Bailiff of Beverley as captains under him. On October 12 came a letter from Aske that he had raised all Howdenshire and Marshland, and would be at Market Weighton that night. All Holderness was up, they said, and they had taken Sir Christopher Helyarde and Ralph Constable and others ; but Sir John Constable and his son, Sir William Constable, young Sir Ralph The Pilgrimage of Grace. 159 Ellerkar, Edmund Roos, and Walter Clifford of Gray's Inn, and others of the King's servants had fled to Hull. Sir George Conyers and Ralph Evers had gone to Scar- borough Castle. Leaving some to keep the array at Huntley beacon, Stapilton and others met Aske at Market Weighton to consider the intelligence from Hull and Lincolnshire. The Hull messengers were detained, while Nicholas Rudstone, young Metham, Robert Hotham and Stapilton rode to Hull. The citizens refused to join. On their return it was agreed to attack the town. Stapil- ton was now in command of about 9,000 men, and maintained strict discipline, but with difficulty. On October 20 Hull surrendered to the rebels. News of the advance of the Lord Steward against Aske led them to set out for Tadcaster, where they spent the night. At midnight they had orders to be at Pomfret the next morning. Many thousands assembled there, including thirty-four peers and knights, who met in the castle hall, while the Archbishop held a convocation in the church. A council met ' to set forth their wards.' The eastern ward was given to Sir Thomas Percy, with whom was Ellerkar, Sir William Constable, Rudstone, and the captains of Holderness and Stapilton with his Beverley men, who were to muster at Wentbridge on the Don- caster Road ; Lord Darcy and Sir Richard Tempest and the western, i.e., I suppose, West Riding, men, the middle ward ; and Neville, Latimer and Lumley to keep the rearward with Aske. It appears that Aske was at Temple Hirst on Oetober 19, as he wrote letters on this date to Nicholas Tempest and Sir Stephen Hammerton to attend meetings in York. However, we learn from the report of the Lancaster herald, sent by the Earl of Shrewsbury to make a proclamation, that Aske, with Lord Darcy, the Archbishop of York and others were at Pontefract on October 20. This herald gives a graphic picture of the scene which met him as he attempted to read the King's 1 60 History of Haddlesey. proclamation at the market cross. Aske sent for him to wait upon him at the castle, and he tells us he passed through three wards, each guarded by many in harness, very cruel fellows, and a porter with a white staff in his hand, and the castle hall full of people, where the herald was made to wait the pleasure of the rebel chieftain. When the herald was admitted to the presence of Aske, he says the latter kept his countenance as a great prince. ' He asked to see the proclamation, and read it openly without reverence to any person, and said he should not need to call any council to answer the same, for he would of his own wit give me the answer, which was this : Standing on the highest place of the chamber, and assum- ing the highest state, he said : " Herald, as a messenger you are welcome to me and all my company, but as for this proclamation coming from the Lords, it shall not be read at the market cross, nor in no place amongst my people, which be all under my guiding, nor for fear of loss of lands, life or goods, nor for the power which is against us doth now enter into our hearts with fear, but are all of one accord, with the points of our articles clearly in- tending to see a reformation or else to die in these causes." ' After further words, in which the herald fell on his knees before Aske, and the Archbishop of York rebuked him, telling him he had no right to fall on his knees to any but the King, Aske dismissed the herald, first commanding Lord Darcy to give him two (5s.) crowns whether he would or not, and then led him by the arm outside of the castle and declared he was to have a safe conduct and his horses returned to him under penalty of death. Meantime Aske and his followers move on to Doncaster. At the bridge they came to a halt. The Duke of Norfolk, a great soldier and able counsellor, the hero of Flodden Field (at which, by the way, one of our Haddlesey con- nections, Sir Brian Stapleton, of Carlton, was present), was there to meet him. ' Aske was strong in horse, Sir The Pilgrimage of Grace. i6r Thos. Percy, glittering in steel and bearing St. Cuthbert's banner, was followed by five thousand mounted men. In all, 12,000 horse waited the signal to advance. The Duke, though weaker in numbers, kept a firm front to the north, waiting for his reserves to come in ; negotiating with the chiefs, especially Darcy.' Froude says (' History of England,' vol, iii., p. 127) : ' Lord Darcy of Temple Hirst was among the most dis- tinguished of the conservative nobility. He was an old man. He had won his spurs under Henry VII. He had fought against the Moors by the side of Ferdinand, and earned laurels in the wars against Louis XII. Strong in his military reputation, in his rank, and in his age, he had spoken in Parliament against the separation from the See of Rome ; and, though sworn like the rest of the peers to obey the law, he had openly avowed the reluctance of his assent.' He then adds that, although the King trusted Lord Darcy, he was at heart with the rebels, and, as a proof, did nothing to resist their design, but shut himself up in Pomfret Castle without fuel or provisions and only twelve followers. Describing the further progress of the rebellion under Aske as its chief, with Lord Darcy and Sir Robert Constable as next in rank and influence, the historian states ' that regular posts were established from Hull to Temple Hirst, from Temple Hirst to York,' etc. He also relates an attempt of the Duke of Norfolk to win over Lord Darcy to betray Aske in the following terms : He (i.e., the Duke's messenger, Percivall Cresswell) arrived at Temple Hirst on Friday, November 10, 1536, shortly before dinner. Lord Darcy was walking with Aske himself, who was his guest at the time, and a party of the commons in the castle garden. Next morning, after they had heard Mass in the chapel, Darcy admitted this messenger to his presence, and dismissed him. Lord Darcy, later on, was invited to wait upon the King, but pretended he was too aged (over eighty) and too 11 1 62 History of Haddlesey. unwell to visit London. He, however, advised Aske to go, under conditions, one of which was that he should send a swift messenger to Temple Hirst if the monarch broke faith ; and so Lord Darcy, though too sick to pay obedience to the summons of his King, was well enough to stand by the side of his friend in the hour of danger. Indeed, the attitude of Lord Darcy in this wretched business of the Pilgrimage of Grace is fertile in material for serious reflection, and contains lessons of most valuable thought, not merely as regards this particular epoch of English history, but for our own. Let us try and realize the state of things in our parish in the early days of November, 1536. The rebels under Aske are induced, by the plausible offers of the Duke of Norfolk, to lay down their arms, at least temporarily. Lord Darcy's castle at Temple Hirst becomes the council chamber of the con- tending parties. In that park, which Darcy had fenced in for himself by royal license, steeds rush to and fro bearing missives from the Duke to Darcy. One of these was a proposal that Darcy should tell the Duke of Aske's whereabouts, with a view to surrender him. So Darcy says to his friend : ' Shall I give thee up ?' However strongly one's sympathies may go with what we may call the reforming tendencies of Henry and his chief adviser Cromwell at that time — and certainly my sym- pathies are with the measures, if not exactly the men who carried out the measures and the methods by which they were carried out — yet it is impossible not to be deeply touched with the position of such a man as Lord Darcy. He had everything to lose and nothing possibly to gain by siding with Aske and his party. A man of Darcy's experience must have known that after a very short struggle the rebels would be overmatched and that frightful retribution would follow the suppression of the outbreak. Why, then, did he hesitate ? I do not think it was from either cowardice or treachery. No, it was a The Pilgrimage of Grace. 163 far different cause. He had not learnt those principles of patriotism which was evinced by a later son of the house of his neighbours at Carlton, viz., that, when the claims of the Pope and the King come into collision, then duty to the King must take precedence of that to the Pope (see speech of Thomas Stapleton, Lord Beaumont, in House of Peers on debate of Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, 1851). Lord Darcy was evidently under the influence of the doctrine that the Pope was above the King. He, in common with Aske and his followers, thought that the interests of religion were in jeopardy, and they came forward with a reckless disregard of every other consider- ation to defend ' holy Church.' That they were mistaken does not detract from the chivalry of their conduct ; but it does supply a very much-needed warning for us in this nineteenth century. Under the blinding influence of per- sonal ambition and the degrading slavery of party exigencies, we find men hoary in years, boasting of their Parliamentary experience and political sagacity, ready to tear down the last small relic of protection against Papal aggression erected by our forefathers ; and others, in their forgetfulness of all the teachings of our marvellous national history, aiding and abetting this criminal pro- ceeding with a trustfulness and a docility which would be delightful if it were not so unspeakably dangerous. It is strange that men who can rave about the perils of sacerdotalism, where sacerdotalism is an odious parasite, yet have no fear of it where it is enthroned and fortified by the most terrible enactments which superstition could devise ; and claims, which laugh to scorn either popular rights or royal prerogatives. Although the book which political Nonconformists profess to revere teaches them to ' Fear God and honour the King,' yet we find these parties giving their most infatuated support to schemes which practically set aside the Divine injunction ! And although the words I have quoted are the words of that 1 64 History of Haddlesey. Apostle whom the Church of Rome, by abusing the metaphoric language of early Church writers, claims as the first Bishop of that historic Church and ' Prince of the Apostles,' still she regards them not, but, instead of teaching men to honour the King, adds the neutralizing comment, ' only when he obeys the Pope ' ! Here, then, is the secret of Lord Darcy's seeming treachery and disloyalty, and one cannot refuse the expression of regret that under the influence of this unscriptural and unpatriotic sentiment he should have pursued a course which dragged him from his home at Temple Hirst and brought him to the dishonoured death of a traitor on Tower Hill. The crisis, however, did not culminate at once. The pardon proclaimed by the King at Windsor on December 9, 1536, led to the disbanding of the rebel forces, Aske himself going to the King, by whom he was very favourably received. But in the meantime dissatisfaction was felt at the delay in carrying out some of the promises made by the King. Meetings of the disaffected were held at ' Temple Hyrst ' on January 17, 1537, at which it was said that Lord Darcy, Nicholas Tempest, and others ' persevered and continued in their treasons subsequently to the King's pardon.' Also that on January 28 of the same year various letters and correspondence were mutually sent and received at Temple Hirst. A special commission was addressed to the Duke of Norfolk and Sir Thomas Tempest, Knt., Sergeant-at-Law, in April, 1537, and on May 3 follow- ing a precept sent to the Sheriff of Yorkshire commanding him to return a grand jury of fifty gentlemen to meet at York Castle on May 9 following. Norfolk wrote to Cromwell in answer to instructions from the King, and Cromwell from Sheriffhutton on May 8 : ' . . . . Doubte ye not, my lord, but that the matter shall be found according to the King's pleasure.' Among the grand jurors' names were the two foremen (for the jury was The Pilgrimage of Grace. 165 divided into two bodies), Sir Christopher Danby and Sir James Strangways, and among other jurors were Sir Thomas Metham, Sir Nicholas Fairfax, Henry Ryther, John Aske, eldest brother of Robert ; and in the other set Sir Henry Everingham. The relationship of some of the jury to the prisoners has been noted, but Nicholas Tempest was cousin to Dousabella Tempest, wife of Lord Darcy. On Wednesday, May 9, 1537, the prisoners, Sir Thomas Darcy, ' late of Temple Hyrst, co. York, Knt. ; lord Darcy, otherwise Thomas Darcy; lord Darcy, late of Tempyl Hyrst, Knt. ;' Sir Robert Constable ; Sir Francis Bygod ; Sir Thomas Percy; Sir John Bulmer; Margaret Cheyne, wife of William Cheyne, Esq., late of London (Lady Bulmer) ; x Robert Aske, late of Aughton ; 1 Mr. Hepworth Dixon (' Her Majesty's Tower,' fifth edition) gives us such a racy picture and stirring story of this remarkable woman that I think I may be excused for borrowing largely from it. She supposed herself married to Sir John Bulmer, whose troop having been disbanded by the Lord-Lieutenant (Lord Surrey), he returned to his eyrie, Eston Nab, on the Cleveland Hills, called Wilton Castle, in a sore spirit. But the news which wandering friars brought of the conflicts between King and Pope gave him fresh hopes of finding work for his sword. So, stirred by his cousin William (third Lord Dacre of the North), he took up the tale of sedition and joined the Pilgrimage. Urged to this more by hate than love, as the Duke who was coming to oppose the Pilgrims was the very man who had broken him as a soldier and branded him as a coward. So he goes forth, attended by his son, his brother, and his faithful Madge. Now she, too, had her grudge against the Duke. Norfolk was her kinsman, and she and others thought he could have done more to save her father, Edward, Duke of Buckingham, from Wolsey's malice. At the second outbreak a fire was lighted on Eston Nab, and Madge cried, ' Now is the time ; up and join them !' Another idea was that they should descend from their wild retreat, raise Guisborough, seize the Duke, and carry him by force to Wilton Castle. But while they were dreaming of this bold attempt the officers were at hand, and in a few hours Sir John and Madge also were marching South. They pleaded guilty and were condemned to die. Madge met the most terrible fate 1 66 History of Haddlesey. James Cokerell, late Rector of the Parish Church of Lythe, co. of York, formerly Prior of Guisborough ; William Wood, late Prior of Bridlington ; John Pyker- ing, late of Lythe, clerk, and John Pickering, late of Bridlington, of the order of Preaching Friars (at Bever- ley ?), who were greatly mixed up with the Pilgrimage ; Adam Sedbergh, Abbot of Jervaulx; William Thriske, late Abbot of Fountains. A true bill being found, Lord Darcy and his companions were hurried to London for further trial. They were lodged in the Tower, the Constable there being directed on May 14 to bring the prisoners before the Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, and his fellows at Westminster. On Wednesday, May 16, Sir Brian Hastings, the High Sheriff of Yorkshire, was ordered to send to the same place by Thursday, May 17, twenty-four gentlemen ' of the visne (voisinage, neighbourhood) of Tempylherst, Brydlyngton, Flamborough, Aughton, Baschehall, and Wilton, co. York,' who had no affinity with the prisoners, to act as jurors. Most of the prisoners were dragged on a hurdle from the Tower to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. Lord Darcy was executed on Tower Hill June 20, 1538, and afterwards buried at St. Botolph's Church, without Aldersgate. His feelings during the trial are thus given by Froude : ' On the gth of May, 1537, Darcy was the subject of examination. Careless of life, and with the prophetic insight of dying men, he turned, when pressed with questions, to the Lord Privy Seal : " Cromwell, it is thou that art the very special and chief causer of all this of all. The wild daughter of Buckingham was sentenced to die by fire, and being carried in a cart to Smithfield, she was placed in the centre of a pile of faggots, and on the very spot where so many noble Lollards had been burnt her passionate life was licked up by the flames. The Pilgrimage of Grace. 167 rebellion and mischief . . . and dost daily earnestly travail to bring us to our ends and to strike off our heads. I trust that ere thou die, though thou wouldest procure all the noblemen's heads within the realm to be stricken off, yet there shall one head remain that shall strike off thy head." ' — — ' History of England,' vol. iii., chap. xiv. ' On the 22nd of May the King desired the Duke of Norfolk to make due search of such lands, offices, fees, farms, and all other things as were in the hands and possession of the Lord Darcy, Sir Robert Constable, Nicholas Tempest, and all the persons of those parties lately attainted here, and certifye the same to his Grace, to the entent he may conferre them to the persons worthy accordingly, and likewise cause a perfect inventory of their lands and premises to be made and sent up with convenient speed.' The following, extracted from Additional MSS. 6,155, in the Record Office, London, probably was in obedience to the King's order : ' Court Roll of the Manor of Temple Hirst. — Names of copyholders composing the court held Apl. 19th, 1540, are as follow: the heirs of Sir Gregory Hastings, do. of Sir Thos. Metham, do. of Radulphus Hopton, do. of John Cresaker, do. of Thos. Gascoigne, Wm. Tarrald, Charles Drunnfeld, Kt, Rd. Baxter, 1 Rd. Hartelay, John Mawdes- ley, John Templar, Willm. Bolton, Wm. Mastall, Wm. Womersly, John Kynge, Senr. and Junr., Wm. Hoyle, George Norman in Haddlesey, and about twenty others for Kelyngton, three by the name of Alleyn and one Thos. Hassard. The court levied fines to the amount of 44s. ud. for the admission of new tenants to the manor/ Among the documents preserved in the same file of MSS. as that from which the preceding extracts are taken is the will of Agnes Hassard. It begins : 1 The Baxters of Hirst still survive in this parish. In 1596 John Baxter of Hirst was married to Mary Harrison of Gribthorpe. 1 68 History of Haddlesey. ' In the name of God, Amen. The last day of October, the year of our Lord God a thousand fyve hundreyth and xxxixth. I, Agnes Hassard of Kellyngton, vydow, sycke in body and howle in sowll and off gude memorye, ordines and makys thys my testament coteyning my last will in manr foloyinge. ' Ffyrst I bequeyth my sowl to Almyhty Gode, or Lady Saynt Marye and to all the Holy Copany in Heyven : and my body to be buried win the churche-yarde of Saint Edm. of Kellyngton. ' Item, I bequeyth to the high altar for tithes negligently made m]d. Item, I bequeyth to the Rode lyght iiij^. Item, I bequeyth to the seypurchur light iiiji.' Then she goes on to make about twenty other bequests to different persons of corn, cattle, clothing, etc. We select the following as the most remarkable : ' Item, I bequeyth to Pr. Richd. More, Vicar of Kel- lyngton, 2 linen sheets. To Agnes Grenfylde one brown gowun. To Janet Reyn my best gowun and my hatt that she bought wt two church ewes. To Arthur Green and Agnes his sister eyther of them one speyninge calfe. To Xpfer Grenfyld my three best kyrtels with the sleeves belonging to the same. To Jane Willinson my violet kyrtell. To James Grenfyld my wayne, my plough and yoke and teymes with all thereto belonging, with vj oxen, iij stocts,' with the remainder of her property, and ap- points him her ' full executor to fulfill thys my last wyll and to do for my sowll at syght of my overseers. These I make my overseers : Pr. Rd. More of Kellyngton ; Pr. John Jaffrason, and Robert Grenefyld, to se that thys my last will be fulfilled according as my mynde was and as my especiall trust ys in them. ' Witness hereof: Richard Wettworth, Priche Clarke, James Langton.' Courts of Law at Temple Hirst. 169 Below is written in Latin in another hand that the will was proved at Temple Hirst in the presence of John Nevill, Knight Seneschal there. The will of William Fauge of Campsall, dated March 14, 1538, is also with this file of MSS., and was proved before Sir John Nevill at Temple Hirst. Temple Hirst with Temple Newsam, after the rebellion of Lord Darcy, seems to have been granted in 1544 by Henry VIII. to Lord Lennox and Lady Margaret, his wife, and subsequently falling into the hands of the Crown, were bestowed by James I. on his cousin, Esme Stuart, second Duke of Lennox and Richmond, who had married the only daughter and heiress of Sir Henry Darcy. His extravagance led to the alienation of Temple Newsam, which became the property of Sir Arthur Ingram. The ' List of Court Rolls of some Yorkshire Manors, 1572-73 ' {Yorkshire Archceological Journal, vol. x.), gives us another glimpse of the state of things at Temple Hirst. We translate from the Latin, as these can be seen in the authority just noted : Temple Hirst, 1572. — View of frankpledge at the court of our very noble lady Countess of Lennox, held there 9 of Oct., 14th year of Q. Elizth. : Free tenants' total fines, xxijd. Thos. Metham, Kt. (4d.) ; the heirs of Hugh Hastings, Kt. ; the heirs of Elizth. Savell, excused ; Geo. Darcy, Kt., for lands for- merly Tempest at Gateforth; John Baxter, Senr. ; Wm. Caverde (or Saverde), for lands in Thorpe formerly Darralls ; Roger Wentforth, by right of his wife, for lands lately Dransfield, in Walding Stubbs, fine iiijd. ; John Skelton, right of his wife ; Joan Gascoigne, widow, fine 2d. ; Wm. Myleson, excused ; Rd. Brearley, excused ; Edmund Watkinson ; Wm. Tayleyor, excused ; John Seynter (or Santerre) ; Robt. Lovedey, excused ; Thos. Baxter, for land in Carlton, excused ; John Baxter, ex- i jo History of Haddlesey. cused ; Jane Stockall, widow ; Henry Freer, fine iiiji. ; Thos. Cowper ; Edmund Lambie, fine iiiji. ; Wm. Allan- son and John Moore, fine iiijrf., are free tenants who owe service to this court. Customary tenants : Joan Stokall ; John Barret, fine 4d. ; Henry Lande ; Robt. Loundey ; Joan Hassard (perhaps a relation of Agnes, see p. 168) ; Edmund Holton, fine 4d. ; John Templeyerde, fine 46.. ; Wm. Womersley ; John Jackson ; Edmund Frobisher ; Henry Barker ; John Risby ; John Chapman ; Thos. Redhouse, fine 4d. ; John Allan, excused ; Robt. Tomson ; Wm. Fenny ; Rd. Allan, fine 4d. ; Rd. Tayleyor, fine 4d. ; Henry Hodgson ; Christofer Leche ; Wm. Wardtham ; Henry Allan ; Wm. Pagett, right of his wife ; Robt. Wayde ; Robt. Arnerde, fine 4d. ; Wm. Babthorp, miles ; Agnes Tather ; George Laciter, by right of his wife, excused ; John Leche ; Christofer Allan, dead ; John Aubie ; Thos. Sayle, fine 4d. ; Rd. Ellis, excused ; Wm. Thorpe, Robt. Cowper, and Rd. Wright are customary tenants, etc. Inquisition of twelve men are sworn, and Alice Tather does homage and is admitted as tenant of fourth part of two houses and a fourth part of an acre of land which Edmund Tather surrenders. The will of Wm. Stockall is proved, and administra- tion granted to his widow Jane, and Edmund and Anne Stockall exors. Also the will of Isabella Hodgson, late of Kellington. Henry Hodgson also surrenders a messuage and a bovate and half of land and pasture, with belong- ings, in Kellington, for the use and enjoyment of Robt. Hill and Elizth., his wife, for a term of 21 years, from the feast of St. Martin next, at a yearly rent of 28s. 4d., to be paid half-yearly. Two cases of affray and assault between Charles ffarer and Peter Saynter are dealt with by fines, etc. Wm. Stokall and Joan, his wife, who held a messuage and six acres of land and meadow, etc., in Temple Hirst Cozirts of Law at Temple Hirst. i J i in common, asked permission of the court that the rever- sion owing to the death of the wife should be allowed to his son and nearest heir, ten years old, which was granted in a fine, vijs. v]d. Temple Hirst. — View, etc., 15th year of Elizth, 1573 : A jury of twelve sworn. A kind of County Court action takes place between Rd. Crabtree, who sues Agnes Peper for 15s. {pro uno quarterio et dimidio brasii). Defen- dant pleaded she only owed 12s. 6d. The jury decided in her favour. George Laciter and Joan, his wife, paid a fine of 6s. 8d. for license to let third part of one messuage, one cottage, 4^ acres of meadow, one close called Hogge Ridding, and one called foal hagg, with appurtenances in Temple Hirst to Christopher Lech for a term of six years, etc. The aforesaid George Laciter, clericus (probably Vicar of Darrington), and Joan, his wife, in full court before the Steward, Joan herself appearing alone (her husband died in 1571), and being examined, surrendered another third of the above property to Robert Tomson, his heirs and assigns in perpetuity. Charles ffarer was charged and fined xiji. for felling by his servants and carrying away growing woods of the lady of the manor without her license. Henry ffreer, a tenant of the court for a cottage at Camelforth in the jurisdiction of this court, having died since the last meeting of the court, Henry, his son and heir, was admitted, etc. The above documents are very instructive as showing how justice was administered in this parish some three hundred years ago, and how persons in those days who had disputes to settle or crimes to punish betook them- selves, not to the court-house, Selby, but to the manor- house at Temple Hirst ; i.e., the ancient preceptory. gggasgsg5^^g^ggg^^s^g^^^^^^sS£S=SS ^^S TCq77«STO»W/AW/re^^VA*V^i*WJ^^ CHAPTER XIV. THE DARCYS AFTER THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE. IN consequence of this confiscation of the property of Lord Thomas Darcy, Temple Hirst is to know the Darcys no more as owners and residents. Still, this ancient family are not annihilated, and we will devote a little more space to recount briefly their after- history, so far as it is connected with local interests. George, the eldest son of Lord Darcy of Temple Hirst, was betrothed to Dorothy, daughter of Sir John Melton, according to Rev. Joseph Hunter's ' South Yorkshire,' vol. ii., 1831 edition, from which we chiefly borrow the remainder of our statements concerning this family. She died on September 21, 4 and 5 Philip and Mary, I 557- In tne inquisition taken at Doncaster on Octo- ber 17 following, we find what lands she brought to her husband : The manors of Killom, Swine, Aston, Carleton, Owstwick, and Hatfield, co. York ; with 40 messuages, 60 cottages, 4,000 acres of arable, 500 acres of meadow, 3,000 acres of pasture, 100 acres of wood, 2,000 acres of moorland, and £5 rent, with the appurtenances in Killom, Swine, Aston, Aughton (in Rotherham), Harwickj Wales- wood, Brookhouse, Whiston, Carlton (in Royston, I presume), Catwick, Austwick, and Hatfield; and a The Darcys after the Pilgrimage of Grace. 173 certain pasture called Melton Lees, and an acre of land in Hooton Roberts, with the advowson of the church appendant. This would be a very seasonable addition to the fortunes of the house of Darcy, which, though of right ancient and noble descent, had been weakened by heiresses and confiscation. Ten years after his father's death George Darcy was restored in blood. He was a much less conspicuous- man than his father. While his father was living (1535) he served the office of Sheriff of the county of York. In 1556 he had a commission from Queen Mary to raise what forces he could on an apprehended insurrection in the North and expected invasion from Scotland. The latter years of his life were clouded by the misconduct of his younger son, George Darcy, who, in one of those feuds which were rarer in the sixteenth century than in the preceding, had assaulted and slain his neighbour, Lewis West, a son of Sir William West, at Rotherham fair, on Whitsun Monday, 1556. (Under the head of Aughton, p. 173, the author states that Lewis West lived at Wales, near Aughton.) The feud was between the whole family of Darcy and the whole family of West, but the chief actors were the two sons of Lord Darcy and the two sons of Sir William West. Neither the origin of the feud nor its end is given, but a long ballad written by a contemporary writer, of which a copy is preserved in the Ashmole Library, No. 6,933, vol. xlviii., p. 55, blames John and George Darcy, the sons of Lord Darcy. The first document (apart from the ballad just referred to) which mentions this painful transaction is a letter by the father of the Darcys, preserved in the memoirs of the Foljambe family. This letter, written from Aston twenty-one days after the fight (May 28, 1556) states that the eldest son is ' sore hurt,' and offers to surrender him- self to Sir James's keeping, or Lord Darcy will provide 1 74 History of Haddlesey. bail. On November n a compromise was made as regards John Darcy, but exempting George from its pro- visions. Later on George took sanctuary at Westminster, but was publicly whipped and did penance in a white sheet, etc., on December 6. But on February 10 of the next year he was arraigned at the bar of the King's Bench and challenged to combat, but what happened afterwards is left in oblivion. The father, Lord George Darcy, died September 23, 1558, and was buried at Brayton Church, where a handsome tomb of marble with ten shields was erected to his memory. This tomb has happily escaped the treatment awarded to that of his ancestor in Selby Abbey, and through the courtesy of the late Vicar, the present Bishop of Beverley, Suffragan of York and Archdeacon, we are able to present our readers with an engraving thereof. Around the tomb is the following inscription : 'Here lieth Lord George D'Arcy and Lady Dorothea, his wife, daughter and sole heiress of John Melton, who died 23rd day of September, 1558, on whose souls may the Lord have mercy. Amen.' Whether it was the painful memories of his son's disgrace which led the father to choose Brayton as his burial-place rather than Aston, his chief seat, is difficult to say ; but as Lord George Darcy was at one time the owner of Gateforth House estate, having sold it to Mr. Burke, whose grandson, the famous old Humphrey Burke, was writer of the Court letters in the time of Queen Elizabeth, he may have wished to be laid at Brayton, in the near vicinity of the place where he had spent his boyhood with his famous father, KG., etc. He was succeeded at Aston by his son John, who lived there during the long reign of Elizabeth. The care of Doncaster was entrusted to him during the rebellion of the two Northern earls (Northumberland and Westmore- land) in 1569. This movement was for much the same < -J The Darcys after the Pilgrimage of Grace, i jj objects as the Pilgrimage of Grace (mustering at Durham, they burnt the Bible and celebrated Mass in the Cathe- dral), and threatened to be still more formidable had it not been for the prompt measures adopted by the Queen in sending Lord Sussex, Sir Ralph Sadler, and others into the North. In 1573 Lord Darcy seems to have gone into Ireland with the Earl of Essex, and in 1584 Sir Ralph Sadler speaks of him as ' living besides Sheffield,' and receiving with much joy and comfort letters from the Queen. He died in 1592 at Aston, and was buried there. His only child, Michael, predeceased him, but left a son named John, who became the fourth Lord Darcy of his line, and was called ' John, Lord Darcy the Younger, and sometimes ' the good Lord Darcy.' He enjoyed the estate of Aston above thirty-two years. He spent his life chiefly as a private individual, seeking the happiness and religious welfare of those around him. Gervase Markham challenged him to a duel in 1616, but Lord Darcy declined, and Markham was censured by the Star Chamber (Harleian MSS., 3,638, 6,807). One of the four wives of this Lord Darcy was remark- able for her patronage of Puritan ministers. This was the daughter of Sir Christopher Wray, the widow, first, of Godfrey Foljambe, Esq., and, secondly, of Sir William Bowes, and who was living at Walton, the house of the Foljambes, when she married Lord Darcy. She was the great patron of Carte, 1 Barnard, and Rothwell, 2 all cele- brated names in the history of Northern Puritanism. 1 'Mr. Cart, near Sheffield' (says Oliver Heywood), 'a great scholar,, a good man, a good preacher, a Nonconformist, dyed in beginning of Sepr., 1674. This is a great losse, being an useful man in these parts ' (vol. i., p. 306). 2 Rothwell was one of Mr. Frankland's pupils at Rothwell, and became minister at Poulton le Fylde June 7, 1693 ; afterwards at Tomley, near Wigan, and Holcombe Chapel, near Bury, about 1712. He died February 8, 1731. At Holcombe the congregation numbered 570, of whom twenty-three had county votes. T2 178 History of Haddlesey. One of the divines supported or patronized by her pro- bably drew up the ' Memorial of the Happy Life and Blessed Death of the Right Hon. Religious Lady, Isabel Lady Darcy of Aston,' which was in the library of Thoresby, the Leeds antiquarian. Among Hopkinson's MSS. are several poems relating to this Lady Darcy, who is happily described in one of them as belonging to the class of ' Virtue's true people, with honour's gold enchast.' Two of the shortest I transcribe : ' Virtue, religion, prudence, piety, Munificence and hospitality, Honour, the Graces, Truth and equal right, Living with her — yea, living by her sight, Are banished, vanished, fled, decayed and gone, Since her decease, that gave them life alone.' Again, p. 164, ' Upon the Day and Time when she died, Jan. 27th, Sunday, about noon,' a.d. 1622 : ' To wreath their wrath the Fates espied their time, And on the Sabbath ; then they held it best To waft her hence to her desired rest ; That such a nurse to God's most sacred word Might keep eternal sabbath with the Lord.' After the death of this lady Lord Darcy married his third wife, viz., Mary Bellasis, a daughter of Lord Fauconberg. The year 1624 was one of great affliction to Lord Darcy. In April he lost his only son, aged twenty-two ; in June the younger of his two daughters ; and in September his wife at the age of nineteen, after giving birth to a son, who died in infancy and was buried at Aston. Only one daughter by his first wife remained — Rosamond. She was baptized at Aston February 9, 1606. She died in 1628, just as her marriage with Lord Brook had been arranged. But, notwithstanding these domestic The Darcys after the Pilgrimage of Grace. 179 trials, Lord Darcy seems to have taken an active part in superintending the drainage of Hatfield Chase, in con- junction with Viscount Wentworth, Lord President of the North (Stovin MSS., Yorkshire A. and T. Journal, vol. xxvi.). The fourth wife of Lord Darcy was one of the co-heirs of the Wests of Firbeck. By his will, dated January 23, 1633, he appointed her sole executrix. He leaves Mr. William Fletcher, preacher of Aston, £13 6s. 8d. (Mr. Fletcher was presented by Lord Darcy to the living in 1631) ; Mr. Thomas Burney, assistant to Mr. Fletcher, -£10 ; to John Angel, his godson, minister at Leicester, £10 per annum out of the manor of Swillington, and £20 in money. There is a funeral sermon by this John Angel for Lord Darcy. Aston was settled on this lady, as she continued to reside there after the death of Lord Darcy (1635) until her death in 1669, as did her second husband, Sir Francis Fane, till his death in 1680. No issue remaining from the last Lord Darcy, the representation of himself and Dorothy Melton rested in the issue of Henry Saville of Copley, Esq., and Ann Darcy, his wife, the only sister of Lord Darcy ; but they seem to have been entirely passed over in the disposition of these estates, which, after having been held by the Dowager Lady Darcy and her husband for forty-five years, passed to the male heir of the house of Darcy, the descendant and representative of Sir Arthur Darcy, a younger son of Thomas, Lord Darcy, and brother of George, Lord Darcy, who married the heiress of Melton. This branch of the family had been enriched by the marriage with a co-heir of the Baron Conyers of Hornby Castle, at which place they resided till, on the death of Sir Francis Fane, Aston became theirs, and afforded them a more convenient and agreeable residence. Soon after Conyers Lord Darcy became possessed of Aston he was advanced to the rank of Earl of Holderness. i8o History of Haddlesey. Pedigree of the Noble Family of Darcy of Aston. Thomas Lord Darcy,=DousabeI, dau. of Sir Richard beheaded 1538. | Tempest. George, Lord Darcy, died Sept. 23, 1558. Dorothy, dau. and heiress of Sir John Melton of Aston. I Sir Arthur=Mary, dau. and co-h. Darcy. of Sir Nicholas Carew of Beddington. and co-h. of John, Lord Conyers of Hornby. I I I II I II I John, Lord=Agnes, dau. George. Elizabeth=Bryan Tbomas=Ehzth., dau. Darcy, son of Thomas Stapleton of Darcy and heir, Babington, Carlton, aged 28 of Dethick. Clara. A.D. 1558; Mary=l. Hen. Babington. bur. at 2. Hen. Foljambe. Aston Oct. Agnes— Sir Wm. Fairfax 19, 1602. ofGilling. Edith=Sir Thos. Dawney of Cowick. 1 Dorothy=Sir Thos. Metham. The pedigree is continued by Hunter, p. 165, but the only point of interest is that the Conyers, Lord Darcy, who received that title 17 Chas. I., and died 1653. Dorothy, dau. of Henry Darcy,=Mary, heiress of Sir Henry Bel- Esq. Wm. Scrope, Esq. lasis, of New- See escutcheon in borough. St. Olave's, York. 2 I Conyers, Lord Darcy and Earl of Holderness, died June 14, 1689, and was buried at Hornby. -Grace, dau. and heir of Thos. Rokeby, Esq., of Skiers. I Conyers, Earl of Holderness, died in 1692. I I Ursula=Sir Christ. Wyvill, Bart. Elizth.=Sir Henry Stapylton, Bart. Grace=Sir John Legard. Frances, 3 3rd wife, dau. of William, Duke of Somerset, widow of Lord Molyneux. Elizabeth, 4th wife, dau. of John, Lord Freshville of Staveley, widow of Philip Warwick, Esq. __ I . Margaret=Sir Henry Marwood. Ann, died unmarried. 1 In 1603 James I. grants the manors of Temple Hirst and Greenlagh to Sir David Fowleys (the ancestor of Viscount Downe) and his heirs. Temple Hirst was valued at £(s\ 17s. per annum, and Greenlagh at ^53 7s. 4d. 2 On the north side pillar hangs up a wooden frame whereon is this escutcheon depicted : Azure, three cinquefoils and semee de crosslets argent for Darcy, impaling azure a bend or for Scrope, and this inscription : ' Here lyeth interred the bodies of Ye Right Honble. Henry Darcy, Esq., 3rd son of the Right Honble. Conyers, Lord Darcy Menhill and Conyers, who departed this life ye 28th day of April, 1668, anno aetatis suae 57. And Mary Darcy, his wife, daughter and heiress of William Scrope of Heighley Hall, Esq., who departed this life ye 17th April, 1667 ; who had issue 10 children. Now they both rest in Christ, waiting for the blessed resurrection of the Just.' 3 There is some confusion here. Compare the pedigree from Burke, p. 113 ante. The Darcys after the Pilgrimage of Grace. 181 A John Darcy died unmarried April 21, 1624, aged twenty- two, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Another John Darcy, eldest son of the second Earl of Holderness, died June 7, 1688, before his father and grandfather, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. 1 The fourth and last Earl of Holderness died May 16, 1778, aged fifty-nine, and was buried at Hornby. He married Mary, daughter of Sieur Francis Doublet, a Dutch noble, and from him the Darcy and Holderness peerage became vested in the Duke of Leeds. (See Burke's Peerage and Hunter, vol. i., p. 144.) Sir Conyers Darcy was a P.C., and M.P. for Richmond, co. York. Robert, fourth and last Earl of Holderness, was Lieu- tenant of the North Riding, Ambassador to Venice and Holland, in 1751 P.C., Secretary of State in 1761, in 1765 Warden of the Cinque Ports and Governor of Dover Castle, also Governor to William IV. and his brothers. The Earls of Holderness, who resided much at Aston, rebuilt the house, partly because of fires, and especially one which nearly destroyed the whole fabric, and consumed, it is thought, a MS. history of the family of Darcy. In 1771 the last Earl of Holderness sold Aston to Mr. Verelst, late Governor of Bengal. The property still belongs to his eldest son, Harry William Verelst, Esq., although the patronage of the Rectory belongs to the Duke of Leeds. In the east window of Aston Church is a shield of the arms and quarterings of Darcy, viz. : 1. Darcy, azure, semee of cross crosslets, three cinque- foils argent. 1 This John Darcy was associated with Thomas Osborne, then Earl of Danby, and William Cavendish, Earl of Devonshire, in the surrender of the city of York to the Prince of Orange, A.D. 1688. (Baine's ' Yorkshire, Past and Present '). This fact, coupled with those we have recently read of the Darcys of Aston, seem to show that the later generations of the family had no sympathy with the cause which cost their ancestor of Temple Hirst his life and estates. 1 82 History of Haddlesey. 2. Bertram, gules, an inescutcheon and orle of cross crosslets, argent. 3. Tempest, argent, a bend between 6 martlets, sable. 4. Azure, a chief, or. (Note. — In this place we gene- rally find among the Darcy quarterings : azure, a fess between three fleurs-de-lis for Skelton.) 5. Melton. 6. Lucy. 7. Hilton, argent, two bars azure, on the uppermost a fleur-de-lis, or. 8. Darcy, crest, a bull passant, sable, as maybe seen in the arms of the present Duke of Leeds. CHAPTER XV. THE STAPLETONS OF CARLTON AND BARONS BEAUMONT. IT is now time we gave some account of another branch of the Stapleton family, associated more or less with the history of this parish for seven or eight hundred years — a family which, unlike the other great houses of which we have been writing, still holds its titles, although not all the lands which it once had in our parish and neighbourhood. To avoid useless repetition, we commence our pedigree of this branch of the great Stapleton family with Bryan Stapleton, jun.=Elizabeth de Insula, heiress of Sir William Aldeburgh (m. 1371). of Harewood. William of Aldeburgh (the old town), near Borough- bridge, built on the site of the Roman Isurium, had summons to Parliament as a baron from 44 Edw. III. to his death in 1388. Marrying the heiress of the last Lord Lisle (Insula) of Rougemont, opposite Harewood, he purchased that castle and manor from Lord Hare- wood in 1365 for £1,000. His arms, with the predes- tinarian motto, ' Vat sal be sal,' or, as the Beaumonts of our day have it, ' Che sara, sara,' are still to be seen over the chapel window of the castle, also over one of the entrances to Carlton Towers. By the death of his 1 84 History of H addle sey. widow and only son in 1391 his two daughters became heirs to his estate. A few scattered notices of Elizabeth, who married Bryan Stapleton, seem to imply that she had embraced the doctrines of Wycliffe, like many in her station in these parts at that time ; e.g., her mother left her a ring inscribed 'Jesu, be my help;' Sir Robert Ross of Ingmanthorpe, a French work called ' Sydrak,' in 1392. She had legends of the saints from his son in 1399, when she is first called Lady Elizabeth Redman. It would seem she was not on good terms with her father-in-law, who left her a table with a coronation of the Virgin in enamel and a medal of Our Lady in 1396 on condition that she behaved well. In 1413 she had a ring from Sir Henry Vavasour of Haselwood. She seems to have had two sons by Brian Stapleton, who died in 1391 ; viz., Sir Bryan, who married Agnes, daughter of Sir John Goddard, and John of Fiamborough. Taking the last first, there is a curious entry in Patent Roll 14 Rich. II., part 2 : ' Grant to John Stapulton, varlet of the Duke of Lancaster, at the request of the Duchess, Jan. 9th, 1391.' Confirmation of recent grant of ' officium tronagii ville nostra di Kyngeston super Hull ' to John Stapulton, at request of Constance, late Duchess of Lancaster, June 30, 1398 (Patent Roll, 22 Rich. II., part 1). I take it that 'officium tronagii' means a collector of tolls, probably market tolls, arising from the use of a weighing machine. With regard to Brian, he succeeded at his grandfather's death in 1394, being quite young. In May, 1416, it is said he ' remained ' about the King, so that he may have left England the year before, when Henry laid siege to Harfleur and won the splendid victory of Agincourt. In the commission of May, 1416, we find the names ' of the Earls of Northumberland, March and Salisbury, with Brian Stapilton, Thos. Rokeby, and other chevaliers.' Some of the prisoners taken at Agincourt were awarded Stapletons of Carlton and Barons Beaumont. 185 to Sir Brian Stapleton. At the end of July, 1417, Staple- ton seems to have been in the company of Lord Salisbury with five lances and eighteen archers. Salisbury, after taking the castle of D'Anvillers, joined the King before Caen. The English marched out of Caen on October 12, taking Courcy, Argentan, Seiz, Verneuil, and Alencon in succession ; made a treaty with the Duke of Brittany at the latter place November 16. It was in this month, October 13, that Sir Brian met his death. He was only thirty years of age. He was buried in the church of the Friar Preachers at York, 1417. Sir Brian left in charge of his widow : Elizabeth, born in 1404 ; Joan, afterwards wife of Sir William Ingleby ; Isabella; and Brian, heir of Carlton, born November 6, 1413, so he was only four years old at his father's death. He was baptized in Carlton Church (eccksia villa de Carlton). The first time it is mentioned, the license for this place of worship is given in Coucher Book of Selby Abbey, vol. ii., pp. 132, 133. License for Carlton Chapel by Henry IV., November 20, 1410 : ' Henricus, Dei Gracia Rex Angliae et Francise et dominus Hibernias, etc de gracia tamen nostra speciali et pro viginti marcis quas dilecti nobis Johannes Gybonson et Johannes Herdyng de Carlton juxta Selby nobis solverunt in banaperio nostro concessimus et licenciam dedimus pro nobis et her, quan- tum in nobis est, eisdem Johanni et Johanni quod ipsi (one as cantarist, the other as chaplain), etc., at the principal altar of the chapel of the Blessed Mary in town of Carlton, near Selby, for our own health while we live and for our soul when we die (pro anima nostra cum ab hac luce migra verimus), or for the soul of our dearest consort Mary, late Countess of Derby, and for the health of Brian de Stapilton and the aforesaid J. G. and J. H. while they live, and for their souls when dead, or the souls of their relatives and benefactors, on the days 1 86 History of Haddlesey. appointed by the aforesaid John giving and confirming for this purpose, one messuage, seven cottages, 126 acres of plough land, 20 acres of meadow, 4 acres of wood, and 20s. rent, with all appurtenances in above- named town of Camylford (Camblesforth) . . . that they may give to aforesaid chaplain for him and his suc- cessors, to have and to hold, etc. Witness myself at Westminster 20th day of November in 12th year of our reign.' He marries in 1451 Isabel, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Rempston, Kt. By this marriage the Stapiltons acquired the manors of Rempston and Hing- ham, Notts. Sir Thomas Rempston was half-brother of Sir Robert Plumpton's wife, Alicia Foljambe, the heiress of Kynalton. On June 24, 1452, was born the first child of this marriage, young Brian the fifth, and baptized in the Chapel of Carlton, as it is now called (in capella villa de Carlton). Mr. Chetwynd-Stapylton gives a circum- stantial account of the christening in the Yorkshire Archaeological Journal. The same year Brian, the father, was returned to Parliament as one of the Knights of the Shire with Sir William Gascoigne, of Gawthorpe Hall, son of the Chief Justice. The Parliament was strongly Lancastrian. Brought up in the guardianship of the Duke of Bedford, we might suppose that Sir Brian would be an adherent of the same cause, but the orders he received from the Duke of York to go with his father-in- law and Sir John Melton to seize young Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter, out of sanctuary at Westminster, indi- cate a leaning to the other side. They brought him to Pontefract, but he was released on the recovery of Henry. The Yorkist cause was popular, it is said, in all the towns and manufacturing districts owing to the misgovernment of the Lancastrian nobles, though the superior title to the throne of Edward may have also contributed to win support. We have no record of Sir Brian's taking part Stapletons of Carlton and Barons Beaumont. 187 in the famous fight at Towton on Palm Sunday, March 29, 1461. But the second Viscount and Baron 1 Beau- mont was one of the prominent supporters of the Lan- castrian party on that fatal field. He was taken prisoner, and though his life was saved, he lost his title and estates until restored 7 Hen. VII., a.d. 1492. Sir Bryan himself died in 1467, having a few months before been admitted into the Guild of Corpus Christi at York. His son, Brian the fifth, who succeeded him, was a minor. He married Joan, sister and heiress of Francis, Viscount Lovel, and niece of the last Viscount Beaumont of Towton Field celebrity. The Beaumonts were always Lancastrian. 2 John de Beaumont, the sixth Baron, had been advanced by Henry VI. to the dignity of Viscount. He was the first who bore that title in England by reason of his descent from the Viscomtes of Maine. The Lovels also were steadfast Lancastrians. John, the eighth lord, who married Beaumont's sister, held the Tower of London for King Henry when Warwick landed from Calais in 1459. He died in 1465, and his son, Francis Lovel, then a boy of nine, was put in charge of Delapole, a Yorkist. This Delapole was restored to the dukedom of Suffolk in 1463. 3 So Lovel joined that party, and attaching himself 1 The barony of Beaumont, it is interesting for Haddlesey folk to remember, dates from 1309, the year when Baron Stapleton got license to rebuild their ancient chapel. 2 ' So when the Duke of Lancaster landed at Ravenspur in 1399 he was joined by Lords Willoughby, De Ros, Darcy, and Beaumont.'— Smollett, Hist., vol. iv., p. 207. 3 As regards this dukedom of Suffolk, it was associated with the Stapiltons before this date, for the charter of John, Duke of Suffolk, enrolled on Close Roll 16 Edw. IV., has this record: ' The honour- able and my most dradde lady and mother, Alice, Duchess of Suffolk,' says in her will that she bought the manor of Norton-under-Hampden, co. of Somerset, for ^200, of Lady Catherine, then wife of Sir Miles Stapleton, and now wife of Ric. Harcourt, Knight.' 1 88 History of Haddlesey. to Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was in the Scotch ex- pedition of 1482 created a Viscount in 1483 and a Knight of the Garter. At Richard's coronation he bore the Sword of State before the King, and was made Lord Chamberlain, etc. He was almost the only one of Richard's adherents who survived the last charge on Bosworth Field. His end was tragical. But to return to Brian Stapleton who was about the same age as his brother-in-law, Lovel, and followed his career. At twenty-three Sir Brian Stapilton was made Knight Banneret at Sheriff Hutton, 1483. In 1484 he has the Archbishop's license to marry Alice, relict of Sir William Nevill of Calthorp, ' in the chappel of his manor of Carlton, the banns being once asked between them in their parish churches.' On the 23rd of the same month he has a license from the King ' to fulfil certain vows and pilgrimages at Compostella, in Spain, accompanied by Richard Holt and a chaplain.' He died intestate 1496, aged only forty-four, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Brian Stapilton the sixth, who has license to enter on his father's estates in 1497, though not yet of age. He must have been in favour at Court, for he was made a Knight of the Bath in 1503, when Henry, Duke of York (after- wards Henry VIII.) was created Prince of Wales. He was also at the battle of Flodden Field in 1513 in com- pany with Sir George Darcy of Temple Hirst, and the tournament of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. He married, first, Elizabeth, grand-daughter of John, sixth Lord Scrope of Bolton, who in a memorandum attached to his will, dated July 3, 1494, confirmed a promise to his son (the seventh lord) towards the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth to a gentleman cleped Stapilton (then aged eleven), ' cccc marks in iiij yeres. It to stand good.' After her death Sir Brian married Joan, daughter of Thomas Basset, Esq., of Rutland, and died in 1547, leaving children by both wives. The eldest son, Richard, succeeded to Stapletons of Carlton and Barons Beaumont. 189 Carlton, and married as his first wife Thomasin, daughter and co-heiress of Robert Amadei, goldsmith, Master of the Jewel House to King Henry VIII. He died in 1550 at Temple Hirst, January 11 ; buried at Snaith. He was succeeded by Brian Stapleton, who married as his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Lord George Darcy of Aston. In 1585 he was Sheriff of Yorkshire, and died Decem- ber 13, 1606 — ' head of that noble house ;' buried at Snaith. There were sons of this marriage — Richard, Miles, died young ; Thomas, Brian, George ; Robert of Temple Hirst, baptized at Snaith June 6, 1575 ; married Mary, second daughter of Sir Robert Dolman of Gunby, who died December, 1623. Sir Brian Stapleton, second son of the above, was killed in the abortive action of the Royalists near Chester, 1644. The Carlton line resumes itself in Richard Stapleton, eldest son of Brian, who died in 1606. His second son, Gilbert of Carlton, ' a recusant,' married Helen, daughter of Sir John Gascoigne of Lasingcroft and Bamborough, co. York, Bart. From this marriage was born Richard Stapleton, born 1620-21, and died s.p. 1670 ; Gregory, a monk at Douay, who gave up his birthright to his brother Miles, born October 19, 1626 ; created a Baronet March 20, 1662. Bought Drax and Berrickhill. His first wife was Elizabeth (Mary), daughter of Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindsey, K.G., etc., slain at Edgehill. She died in 1683-84, and was buried at Snaith. Sir Miles's second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Longueville, Bart., of Woberton, Bucks. She died 1706, and was buried at Snaith, aged seventy-nine. Anne Stapleton, sister of Sir Miles, born at Carlton 1628 ; married Mark Everington, Esq., of Ponteland, co. Northumberland. She left a son, Nicholas Everington, born 1660, who took the name of Stapleton. He was of Quosquo Hall, sole executor of Sir Miles Stapleton's will; died December 7, 1716, and was buried at Carlton, aged fifty-six. His first wife was i go History of Haddlesey. Mary Scrope 1 of Danby, who was buried at Carlton 1695. His second wife was Mary, daughter of Thomas Sandys of Worcester. They married in 1699, and she died 1755, aged fifty-four. From this marriage was born Nicholas Stapleton, alias Everington (died 1750), married Winifred White, who died 1761, aged forty-seven. The third son of this marriage was Miles Stapleton of Clints and Drax, buried at Carlton October 24, 1808, aged sixty-six. He married as his second wife Mary, daughter of Willoughby, Earl of Abingdon, who died 1826. They left a son, Thomas Stapleton of Richmond and Carlton, under the will of Lady Throckmorton in 1839. He was born April 28, 1778, and died July 6, 1839, aged sixty-one. He married, first, Maria Juliana, daughter of Sir Robert Causfield Gerard, Bart., November 3, 1802. She died at York February 9, 1827. There was issue of this marriage: Miles Thomas Stapleton of Carlton, one of the co-heirs of the barony of Beaumont, and as such summoned to the House of Lords October 16, 1840. He was born June 4, 1805, and married September 9, 1844, Isabella Anne, eldest daughter of Lord Kilmaine, and died August 10, 1854 ; buried at Carlton. By the second wife (of Thomas Stapleton, who died in 1839), Henrietta Lavinia, second daughter of Richard Fitzgerald Austen, Esq., there were several children : first, Bryan John Stapleton, of the Grove, Richmond, and D.L. of North Riding, Yorkshire, late Captain 4th West Yorkshire Militia, born January 6, 1831, and married June 24, 1857, Helen Alicia, 1 It was this lady who presented the pair of silver candlesticks to York Minster in 1673, and about the lighting of which there was the extraordinary mistake in Archbishop Benson's judgment on the prosecution of the Bishop of Lincoln. In this judgment it was stated that lighted tapers were to be placed in these candlesticks at every service instead of ' at evening service from All Saints' to Candlemas.' Such an error is the more remarkable because it had been corrected in the Second Report of the Ritual Commission. Stapletons of Carlton and Barons Beaumont. 191 only daughter of J. T. Dolman, Esq., Souldern House, Oxon, M.D., a former claimant of the barony of Staple- ton. They have a numerous family. Another descendant of this second marriage is Henry Edward Chetwynd- Stapylton, of London, to whom the readers of the York- shire Archceological Journal are much indebted for very valuable papers on the Stapleton family in all its branches, as well as on the Knight Templars of Temple Hirst, etc. Henry Stapleton succeeded his father, Miles Stapleton, as ninth Lord Beaumont. He was born August 11, 1848. He was a Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, Lieutenant in the Life Guards, and by virtue of his descent from Louis VIII. of France styled cousin by the French kings. He married July 20, 1888, Violet, only daughter of Mr. Wootton Isaacson, M.P. for Stepney, and died January 23, 1892. He is succeeded in the title by his brother, Colonel Miles Stapleton, born July 17, 1850, who married Ethel, daughter of Sir Charles Tem- pest, November 7, 1893. Considering the close connection of this family with our parish, and the kindly interest it has shown in the well-being of the neighbourhood, we can but wish that no adverse circumstances may be allowed to banish the Stapletons of Carlton from the magnificent house which under humbler architectural conditions has been the home of so many generations of that ancient and distin- guished family, however true may be their motto, ' Che sara, sara !' CHAPTER XVI. THE FITZYVILLIAMS AT EAST HADDLESEY. WE now resume the story as it belongs more particularly to the centre of the parish. The church and the Fitzwilliams claim our attention, All through the troublous period of the reli- gious disturbances during the latter part of the reign of Henry VIII., up to the beginning of the Civil War time of Charles I., we have traces of the Fitzwilliam connec- tion with our parish. The following table may serve to show this more easily : Sir William de Fitzwilliam : of Sprotborough, Hathelsay, Knight of the Holy Sepulchre. Maud, dau. of Ralph, Lord Crom- well of Tattersall, etc. Sir John Fitzwilliam= of Emley and Sprot- borough, died 1418. Eleanor, 1st wife, dau. of Sir Henry Green. John Fitzgerald : of Sprotborough, died at Rouen 1 421. Margaret, dau. of Sir Thos. Clarell. Nicholas= Margaret, dau. of John Tausley. Sir William Fitzwilliam 1 S. 1421 ; died at Hathel- say 1474. =Elizabeth, dau. Ralph Fitzwilliam=Joan,