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 BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE 
 
 JACOB H. SCHIFF 
 
 ENDOWMENT FOR THE PROMOTION 
 
 OF STUDIES IN 
 
 HUMAN CIVILIZATION 
 
 1918 J. 
 
OUH LIBRAP.Y- '~""' ';'i- .,... 
 DATE DUE 
 
 PKINTEO IN US * 
 
The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924100417199 
 
-v\ 
 
 NEWBURGHd^ 
 
 ier lr|8titiitioi]8, Industries m Leading Stizens 
 
 ^HISTORICAL, DESCRIPTIVE AND BIOGRAPHICAL. D^ 
 
 ''Remember, we know well only the great nations whose books we possess; of the others we know nothing, or, but little.' 
 
 COMPILED BY JOHN J. NUTT. 
 
 NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 Published by RitGl]ie & Hull, Proprietors Newburgl] Journal s 
 
 1^,, 
 
 1891: 
 
£ PUBLISHERS' NOTICE Di. 
 
 X this book an earnest and candid effort has l)een made, first, to review the salient points 
 in the history of our cit)- ; second, to record her remarkable advancement in the decade 
 p^L just past ; and, hnall)- and especially, to picture and describe truthfully and adequately the 
 > ^) pvj Newburyh of the present time — her appearance, her institutions, her industries, and 
 .5^ '^^'' citizens — so as to give, not only a fair representation of her to our contemporaries, . 
 but also to leave to those who will ere long fill our places a souvenir of the time and the place 
 in which we live. 
 
 As was said in our prospectus, it is one of the objects of this work to attract to Xewburgh in- 
 creased population and wealth. Immigration is the touchstone of the growth and prosperity of a city. 
 Hence we see the attention given it by cities and States in the West ; and it is everywhere observable 
 that the localities which have shown the greatest enterprise in this direction have almost without ex- 
 ception surpassed other places of equal or even greater natural advantages. That Newburgh possesses 
 adaptabilit)' for manufactures unexcelled by any other city in the eastern States, and that she has 
 many great advantages for commerce and as a place of residence, is conceded b)' all who have fairly 
 weighed her claims with those of other cities. But the fact that she has these qualifications is not 
 alone sufficient. They must be made known abroad, so that those in less-favored places may be led 
 to transfer their interest and business to our city. We believe that the wide circulation of a book such 
 as this is the best method which can be chosen to disseminate a knowledge of Newburgh. A work 
 devoted to the advancement of a city, if possessed of any merit at all, cannot fail to prove of o-reat 
 benefit to the place. 
 
 We know of no city in the land for which a work of this character has been completed on a plan 
 so large and elaborate. The co-operation which we have received from our fellow townsmen ex- 
 ceeded our expectations, and on our part we have more than fulfilled ever)- promise made -in the pros- 
 pectus. We have spared nothing to make the book what it ought to be — what it is. 
 
 Great care has been taken in its preparation to confine all statements within conservative bounds. 
 It is quite impossible to bring a book like this down to date. Some changes have occurred since 
 the sheets were put to press. 
 
 The publishers desire to express their thanks to the public-spirited citizens who co-operated with 
 them in this work. Without their help the enterprise could not have been carried out. 
 
 The historical information has been gleaned by the compiler from many sources. Every volume 
 known to contain anything in relation to Newburgh has been examined, and the files of newspapers 
 from the earliest times have been consulted. Acknowledgments are made particularly to the writ- 
 ings of Ruttenber, and also to those of Eager, Boynton, and Headley. And to all those who havje 
 aided the compiler to information, or in any other friendly way have helped us, we desire to ma^it 
 grateful recognition. 
 
 RITCHIE & HULL. 
 
^ CONTENTS 2 
 
 ly^ 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PAST— The Palatines— The Story of the Glebe— Early Inhabitants— Building a City - - 17 
 
 HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY— The Last Cantonment— Washing- 
 ton at New Windsor— The Public Building— No King But God— Mutiny Quelled— The Cincinnati— Dissolution of the Army 29 
 
 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS — Revolutionary Events Commemorated at Newburgh and Neighboring Towns - - - 43 
 
 LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS— Advantages of Newburgh's Situation— Highland Terrace— Contributing District and 
 
 Neighboring Villages— Beautiful Drives— Nature's Handiwork— Historical Associations and Legends 49 
 
 A VISIT FROM LA FAYETTE ---.-...-_..- 55 
 
 A REMINISCENCE OF VILLAGE DAYS. (By N. P. Wilhs) ------ - 57 
 
 STEPPING-STONES IN A CITY'S GROWTH— Newburgh's Progress in Ten Years 59 
 
 THE CITY OF NEWBURGH— Characteristics and Advantages ----- 71 
 
 THE CITY WATER AVORKS ---.... S3 
 
 HEALTH - - ___--_...-..- S5 
 
 THE POLICE DEPARTjilENT _ . . . . gi 
 
 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT _.._...-.._.-... gj 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS— The Public Schools— The Free Library— The Board of Education— Mount St. Mary's Acade- 
 my — Siglar's Preparatory School --.-----._- ___gg 
 
 OUR CHURCHES AND PASTORS ------- .-..-- 117 
 
 BENEVOLENCE — Institutions Which Care for the Bodies, Minds and Souls of the People -------- 151 
 
 BENCH AND BAR— The Courts and Those Who Practice Before Them ----- 157 
 
 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS --------------------- 167 
 
 THE PRESS — Newspapers and Newspaper Jlen of the Past and Present -- --. 177 
 
 THE POST OFFICE - - - . . - - - - ... 185 
 
 REAL ESTATE ...--------------------- 1S7 
 
 THE BOARD OF TRADE — An Organization for the Public Good — Men of Brains and Business — The Work They Have Achieved 
 
 for the Advancement of Newburgh -------------------- 1S9 
 
 SOME OF OUR TOWNSMEN - ---.---.-.---.. 193 
 
 TRANSPORTATION— The Commercial Arteries of the City— Railroad and Navigation Facilities - - 221 
 
 MANUFACTURING— The Leading Productive Industries of Newburgh Illustrated and Described, and the Men Who Manage 
 Them -------------------------- 235 
 
 MERCANTILE— And Other Business Interests of the City of Newburgh . - - - ... 286 
 
 IN LEISURE HOURS— Newburgh's Record in Out-Door Athletics— Rowing, Skating, Yachting and Base Ball - - - 322 
 
 SOCIAL LIFE— Clubs, Societies and Other Pleasant Attractions .-.----------. 330 
 
 CEMETERIES - -..--- - . . . 333 
 
 SOME INTERESTING FIGURES .------------- 334 
 
 MEMORABLE EVENTS IN THE CITY'S LIFE - - . . . 335 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS Ofe 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Academy of Music 6S 
 
 Adams & Bishop Co.'s Paper Jlili 2S5 
 
 Adams, George B 303 
 
 Adams, George B., Store of 304 
 
 Adams, Hon. John C 283 
 
 African M. E. Zion Church 12S 
 
 " Aldendell " — The Residence of James 
 
 M. Wentz, Grand Avenue 54 
 
 Allan, Charles F., D. D. S., Residence 
 
 of 1 90 
 
 American Reformed Church 131 
 
 Andrews, John P 69 
 
 An Old Landmark — On First Street, 
 
 between Grand and Liberty 321 
 
 Applegate, Rev, Octavius, M, A.,S.T.D. 127 
 Arlington Paper ilill, (H. Powell Rams- 
 dell's) 261 
 
 Armory, (The) 332 
 
 " Aruo, (The) " 18S 
 
 Balfe, Thomas F 175 
 
 Balm of Gilead Tree, (The) 50 
 
 Banks, Hugh S 113 
 
 Barnes, Edgar C 293 
 
 Barnes, Edgar C, Warehouse of 293 
 
 Barnes, George, Store of 31S 
 
 Barr, Rev. Robert H., Ph. D 122 
 
 Bay View Terrace and Courtney Avenue 
 
 — Southwest corner of 64 
 
 Bazzoni, Building 269 
 
 Bazzoni, Lewis J 265 
 
 Beacon Fire (A) 39 
 
 Beattie, Rev. Robert H 132 
 
 Beckman, Horatio B 264 
 
 Bedell & Seymour's Store 317 
 
 Beggs, George 296 
 
 Beggs & Jloore's Store 296 
 
 Belknap, Moses C 168 
 
 Belknap & McCann's Soap Factor)-. . . . 269 
 
 Bethel Jlission School 119 
 
 Beveridge Brewing Co.'s Brewery 262 
 
 Bigler, James 200 
 
 Bogardus, Edward T 301 
 
 Boynton, Major Edward C, A. M 191 
 
 Bradley, Capt. Ambrose 205 
 
 Bradley, Capt. Ambrose, Residence of. 205 
 
 Brewster, Eugene A 161 
 
 Brewster Hook and Ladder Co. , House of 92 
 
 Bridgeman, Alfred, Residence of 192 
 
 Brill, Jacob S 292 
 
 Broadway — Looking East from Dubois 
 
 Street 58 
 
 Brokaw Mfg. Co.'s Factorv 263 
 
 Brokaw, William B '. 264 
 
 Brown, Henry Kirke 194 
 
 Brown, Rev. John, D. I) 116 
 
 Brown, Hon. John W 158 
 
 Brown I^ime Works, (The) 285 
 
 Brown, William R 186 
 
 Brundage, J. B. B 292 
 
 Bull, Stephen M 298 
 
 Bull, Stephen M., Storehouse of 299 
 
 Bull, Stephen M., Storehouse of (In- 
 terior) 29S 
 
 BuUis, Ephraim 212 
 
 Burke, William F 301 
 
 Caldwell, Ira, Store of 318 
 
 Calvary Presbyterian Church & Manse. 141 
 
 Cameron, Daniel G 219 
 
 Campground, (The) 33 
 
 Cantine, Col. George A 216 
 
 Carlisle, Rev. John W. F 123 
 
 Carlisle, Rev. .Samuel 123 
 
 Carroll Monument, (The) 309 
 
 Carter, Enoch 198 
 
 Carter, Henry 313 
 
 Carter, Henry, Conservatories and Resi- 
 dence of 313 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Cassedy, Hon. Abram S 163 
 
 Cassedy, William F 166 
 
 Chadborn & CoklwcU Mfg. Co.'s Factory 239 
 
 Chadwick, James 250 
 
 Chadwick, James, Residence of 250 
 
 Chadwick, Joseph 250 
 
 Chadwick, Joseph, Residence of 251 
 
 Chambers, Albert N 246 
 
 Cliambers, William 83 
 
 Chapman Hose Co. , House of 92 
 
 Chapman, Isaac C S'JS 
 
 Chapman, Isaac C, Residence of 305 
 
 Chapman, Isaac C. , Store of 305 
 
 Chapman, Jo.seph II. II 98 
 
 Children's Home I55 
 
 Church of our Father — L^nitarian 141") 
 
 Church of the Good Shepherd — Protes- 
 tant Episcopal 150 
 
 Clark, Edson II 202 
 
 Clark, Hon. George 78 
 
 Clark, George H 165 
 
 Clark, Leander 207 
 
 Clark, Leander, Jr, 202 
 
 Clark, Leander, Jr., Residence of 203 
 
 Clark, Monument, (The) 333 
 
 Clarke, E. Y in 
 
 Class of '91 — Newburgh Academy — 
 
 With Instructors loi 
 
 Cleveland, CM 260 
 
 Clinton, Gov. George 48 
 
 Cochran, Isaac, Residence of 70 
 
 Cochrane, James So 
 
 Coldwell, Thomas 267 
 
 Columbian Hose Co., House of 92 
 
 Consumers Gas Company, Works of . . . 2S2 
 
 Corwin, John 212 
 
 Court House, (The) 157 
 
 Crane, James M., A. M 1 10 
 
 Crawford, C. Emmet 307 
 
 Crawshaw, Mark 254 
 
 Crawshaw, Samuel 254 
 
 Cubit, James C 292 
 
 Culbert, W. A. M., M. D 87 
 
 Cunningham, James 98 
 
 Dales Building, (The) 303 
 
 Dales, John 303 
 
 Delany, Patrick 249 
 
 Denniston, Hon. Augustus 211 
 
 Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D 87 
 
 Dickey, Col. William I) 162 
 
 Dickey, Col. William D., Residence of. 162 
 
 Donoghue, James A 323 
 
 Donoghue, Joseph F 323 
 
 Donoghue, Timothy, Sr 326 
 
 Doughty, Charles H 204 
 
 Doughty, John W 112 
 
 Downing, Andrew J 196 
 
 Downing, Charles 196 
 
 Doyle, Hon. Michael 77 
 
 Dubois Street — Looking South from 
 
 First Street 26 
 
 Dudley, Henry 197 
 
 Dudley, Henry, Residence of 197 
 
 Duncan, H. C, Bakery and Restaurant 
 
 of 316 
 
 Dunphy, James G 1S3 
 
 Eager, Frank S., Store of 316 
 
 Edgar, Grant E 302 
 
 Edgar, Grant E., Store of 302 
 
 Egan, J., Milk and Cream Depot of . . . . 319 
 " Elfwood "—Residence of Hon. Enoch 
 
 L. Fancher ig5 
 
 Elevator Project, (An)— Near the Foot 
 
 of Washington Street 226, 229 
 
 Ely, Smith, M. D 89 
 
 Emery, Rev. Rufus 144 
 
 " Erie Railroad Yard," (The) 223 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Estabrook, Charles 112 
 
 Fancher, Hon. Enoch L 195 
 
 Ferry & Napier's Hat Factory 285 
 
 Findley, Rev. J. G. D 143 
 
 Findley, Rev. J. G. D., Residence of. . . 142 
 Fire Department of Ye Olden Time, (A) 94 
 
 First Associate Reformed Church 121 
 
 First Baptist Church 130 
 
 First Baptist Church Mission 130 
 
 First Congregational Church 64 
 
 First Presbyterian Church 117 
 
 First Reformed Presbyterian Church. . . 105 
 
 First United Presbyterian Church 142 
 
 Fishkill Landing and Ferrj- Appoint- 
 ments, 233 
 
 Forsyth, Rev. John, D. D 116 
 
 Fowler, Nehemiah 163 
 
 Fowler, Thomas Powell 234 
 
 Free Library, (The) 105 
 
 Gait, John 204 
 
 Gait. John, Residence of 205 
 
 Gate of the Highlands, (The) 20 
 
 Gearn, Walter W 267 
 
 German Evangelical Lutheran Church. 148 
 
 Gerard House, (The) 302 
 
 Gibb, Cornelius S 79 
 
 Gleason, W. S., M. D 220 
 
 Goodale, James H 217 
 
 Goodrich, Charles T 216 
 
 Gordon, James. M. D 89 
 
 Gorrie, R. H., Store of 320 
 
 Gould)', Francis, Residence of 192 
 
 Grace M. E. Church 145 
 
 Graham, Hon. James G ibo 
 
 Graham, James G., Jr 331 
 
 Grammar School No. 1 102 
 
 Grammar School No. 2 102 
 
 Grammar School No. 3 103 
 
 Grammar School N(.i. 5 103 
 
 Grammar School No. 6 104 
 
 Grand Avenue 49 
 
 Grand Street — Looking South from 
 
 Third Street 27 
 
 Granite City Soap Co.'s Factorv 2S1 
 
 Hall, Rev. William K. , D. D. . '. 120 
 
 Halstead, Charles H 21S 
 
 Hamilton, James 212 
 
 Harper, J. Abner, Residence of — New 
 
 Windsor ^j 
 
 Harrison, William 107 
 
 Harrison, William R 301 
 
 Hastings, James 108 
 
 Hathaway Glen 50 
 
 Havemeyer, A. H., Residence of — New 
 
 AVindsor jc 
 
 Hayt, Col. Edward D 219 
 
 Headlcy, Hon. Joel T 193 
 
 Henry Avenue — Between Liberty Street 
 
 and Bay View Terrace ' 64 
 
 Henry, Rev. John C 147 
 
 Ilighiand Mills — Front View, (Craw- 
 
 shaws') 253 
 
 Highland Mills— Rear A'iew, (Craw- 
 
 .shaws') 253 
 
 Highland National Bank 168 
 
 Highland Steamer Co., House of 96 
 
 Highlands, (The)— Looking North from 
 
 West Point " 21 
 
 Highlands, (The)— From Near Downing 
 
 Park 25 
 
 Hilton, John 201 
 
 Hilton, John, Residence of oqi 
 
 Hilton, William 200 
 
 Hirschberg, Hon. M. H jg. 
 
 Hirschberg, Hon. M. H., Residence nf. jg. 
 
 Home for the Friendless j T 
 
 Howell, Rensselaer ^'Z 
 
I L L u s r K A r 1 O N s. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Hull, Frank S 182 
 
 Hull, Frank S., Residence of 183 
 
 Hunter, Ezra 1 203 
 
 " Idlewild "— The Home of Willis- 
 Cornwall 57 
 
 Irwin, Daniel 284 
 
 Irwin, Daniel, Sail Loft and Store of . . . 284 
 
 Jack, Rev. Alexander 137 
 
 Jacobs, Gilbert E 217 
 
 jacobus, Charles C 292 
 
 Jenkins, Charles S 174 
 
 Jenkins, Charles S., Residence of 175 
 
 John Ellison House, (The) — Front View 
 
 from the Old Road 31 
 
 Johnes, Mrs. E. R., Residence of — 
 
 Balmville 56 
 
 Johnston, Beverly K 208 
 
 Johnston, Rev. John, D. D 116 
 
 Jones, Rev. Arthur 130 
 
 Journal Building, (The) iSo 
 
 June, Charles F 327 
 
 Kelly, William H in 
 
 Kerr, George W 172 
 
 Kilmer Mfg. Co.'s Rod ilill and Wire 
 
 Works 252 
 
 Kimball, Samuel G 266 
 
 Kimball's Son, S. G. , Foundry of 266 
 
 Kimball, William G 266 
 
 King, Rev. James B 150 
 
 Kingston, R. J., M. D., Residence of. . . 90 
 Lander Street — Looking South from 
 
 South Street 82 
 
 Lawson, Henry B 80 
 
 Lawson Hose Co., House of 82 
 
 Leech, William K 292 
 
 Leonard, Chancey M 98 
 
 Leonard, C. M. Steamer Co., House of. 95 
 
 Leonard, James J 301 
 
 Leslie, S. J., Store of 318 
 
 Liberty Street and Courtney Avenue — 
 
 Northwest Corner of 64 
 
 Liberty Street and Henry Avenue — 
 
 Northwest Corner of 64 
 
 Liberty Street — Looking North from 
 
 Farrington Street 62 
 
 Liberty Street — Looking South from 
 
 Campbell Street 67 
 
 Liberty Street — Looking South from 
 
 Farrington Street 59 
 
 Liberty Street — Looking South from 
 
 Renwick Street 64 
 
 Links of the Fort Montgomery Chain.. 31 
 
 Logan, James J 288 
 
 Logan, James J., Residence of 288 
 
 Longacre, Rev. Andrew, D. D 125 
 
 Lynch, Francis, Residence and Barns 
 
 of — New Windsor 53 
 
 McCann, Thomas JI 269 
 
 McCarrell, Rev. Joseph, D. D 116 
 
 McCord's Brush Factory 285 
 
 McCartee, Rev. Robert, D. D 135 
 
 McCoun, Henry T 66 
 
 McCroskery, L. W. Y 166 
 
 McCullough, John W 200 
 
 McMeekin, WiUiam 219 
 
 Mabie, Jeremiah D 209 
 
 Macdonald, Benj. J 283 
 
 Mailler, WiUiam K 293 
 
 Mailler, W. O. & Co., Storehouse of 294 
 
 Malone, J. D., M. D 8g 
 
 Manual Training School 104 
 
 Manz, Rev. Carl C 149 
 
 Map of the Cantonment, and Vicinity. . 32 
 
 Mapes, William H 309 
 
 Martin, Cyrus B 181 
 
 Martin, John H 217 
 
 Marvel, Thomas S 247 
 
 Marvel, T. S. & Co.'s Shipyard 248 
 
 Marvin, Albert D 292 
 
 Masonic Hall 33° 
 
 Matthews, Elmer E 292 
 
 Matthews, John W 289 
 
 Matthews, J. W. & Co.'s Storehouse ... 289 
 Matthews, J. W. & Co.'s Storehouse — 
 
 Interior Views 290, 291 
 
 Merritt, Theodore 307 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Merritt, Theodore, Residence of 307 
 
 Merritt, Theodore, Store of 308 
 
 Meyer, Arthur M 314 
 
 Meyer, Rev. Emil F. C. A 149 
 
 Meyer, George S 314 
 
 Miller, J. Blackburn 214 
 
 Miller, James W 306 
 
 Miller, James W., Store of 306 
 
 Mills, S. C Residence of 191 
 
 Mitchell, George R., Store of 320 
 
 Mitchell, John J., M. D S8 
 
 Moffat, Almet S 179 
 
 Montfort, R. V. K., M. D no 
 
 Montgomery, James B 301 
 
 Montgomery Street — "Hudson Ter- 
 race " — Looking South from Broad 
 
 Street 82 
 
 Montgomery Street — Looking North 
 
 from near Clinton Street 156 
 
 Monell, Hon, John J 159 
 
 Moodna, (The) 52 
 
 Moore, Bartholomew B 296 
 
 Morrison, David A 211 
 
 Moscow, Charles E 213 
 
 Moshier, George 209 
 
 Mount St. Mary's Academy 115 
 
 Muchattoes Lake Ice Co.'s Houses 279 
 
 Muir, Munson, Residence of — Balmville 54 
 
 Myers, Rev. H. V. S., D. D 132 
 
 National Bank of Newburgh, (The) .... 171 
 
 Newburgh Academy 100 
 
 Newburgh Bay — Looking North from 
 
 Washington Heights 17 
 
 Newburgh Bleachery 249 
 
 Newburgh City, 1891 , Map of, folded in front 
 Newburgh — From Fishkill Landing. . .iS, ly 
 Newburgh — From the River near Fifth 
 
 Street 23 
 
 Newburgh — From the River opposite 
 
 the Long Dock 224 
 
 Newburgh — From the River near Third 
 
 Street 24 
 
 Newburgh — From the River near South 
 
 Street 22 
 
 Newburgh Moulding and Planing Mill 
 
 — Thomas Shaw's Sons 254 
 
 Newburgh Plaster Works 251 
 
 Newburgh Savings Bank 173 
 
 Newburgh Steam Boiler Works 246 
 
 Newburgh Steam JIiUs 265 
 
 Newburgh Woolen Mills 285 
 
 New York Furniture Co., Store of 308 
 
 New York, Lake Erie & Western Rail- 
 road Depot 221 
 
 Odell, Hon. Benjamin B 2S0 
 
 Odell, Hon. Benjamin B., Residence of , 2S0 
 
 Odell, Benjamin B., Jr 2S1 
 
 Odell, Hiram B 281 
 
 Old Academy, (The) 106 
 
 Old Fashioned Hand Engine, (An) 94 
 
 Old Union Church 135 
 
 Old Union Church, Interior of 135 
 
 Orange County Fair, Sept., 1887 — The 
 
 Site of Washington Heights 163 
 
 Orr, James 278 
 
 Orr, James, Residence of, Balmville . . . 279 
 
 Osbon, Rev. E. S 139 
 
 Osborn, David A 310 
 
 Owen, Samuel J 311 
 
 Owen, Samuel J., Store of 311 
 
 Patton, James 199 
 
 Peck, Elias, M. D 86 
 
 Peck, George, Store of 316 
 
 Peck & Van Dalfsen's Store 312 
 
 Penny, Very Rev. WiUiam L. , V. F. . . . 134 
 Pennsylvania Coal Company's Works. . 225 
 
 Plumsted, Charles 301 
 
 Post, Alfred 167 
 
 Post, E. R 297 
 
 Post, E. R., Residence of 297 
 
 Post, E. R., Store of 297 
 
 Post, Major James Clarence 206 
 
 Potts, Rev. Arthur 148 
 
 Powers, D. & Sons, Oil Cloth Factory. . 285 
 "Public Building, (The)" — Copy from 
 the Tarbell Drawings 36 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Quassaick National Bank 179 
 
 Railroad and Water Communication 
 with Newburgh, N. Y. (Map of) 240, 241 
 
 Ramsdell, Homer 227 
 
 Ramsdell, Homer, Residence of 230 
 
 Ramsdell, H. Stockbridge, Residence of 231 
 Recollections of ( )ld Times — Holding a 
 
 Hydrant Until the Boys Arrive. ... 93 
 
 Remillard, A. B. E 210 
 
 Richardson, Nathan H 203 
 
 Ritchie, Samuel 181 
 
 Ritchie, Samuel, Residence of 182 
 
 Ringgold Hose Co., House of 92 
 
 Ross's Flour Mills 285 
 
 Rudolph, Henry 81 
 
 Ruttenber, Edward M 184 
 
 Ruttenber, J. W. F 183 
 
 Santord, George A .^ 152 
 
 Sarvis, James H 91 
 
 Savage, Rev. F. B,, D. D 137 
 
 Sa.xony Woolen MiUs 285 
 
 Sayer, Samuel 301 
 
 Schermerhorn, Wilmer W 301 
 
 Schoonmaker, John, Residence of 295 
 
 Schoonmaker & Weller's Store 294 
 
 Schram, William 184 
 
 Schultz, John L 218 
 
 Seaman, George W., Store of 318 
 
 Searle, Rev. Jeremiah 141 
 
 Senior, Augustus, Store of 312 
 
 Shaw, Charles B 255 
 
 Shaw, E. Kane 256 
 
 Shaw, George W 256 
 
 Shaw, Geo. W., E. Kane and Chas. B., 
 
 Residences of 257 
 
 Sheldon, G. H., Residence of 142 
 
 Shiloh Baptist Church 138 
 
 Shipp, Samuel E 310 
 
 Shuart & Embler's Store 319 
 
 Siglar, Henry W. , A. M 114 
 
 Siglar's Preparatory School 114 
 
 Smith A. C. & Co.'s Building 312 
 
 Smith, Edwin T 81 
 
 Smith, Lewis M 242 
 
 Smith, Lewis M., Residence of 242 
 
 Sneed, Joseph A 108 
 
 Snyder, Cliarles E., LL. B in 
 
 South End Water Front — Before the 
 West Shore Railroad was Built. . . .60-61 
 
 Sprole, Rev. WiUiam T., D. D iiS 
 
 St. Luke's Home and Hospital 154 
 
 St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church. . . . 146 
 St. George's Protestant Episcopal Church 126 
 
 St. John, Daniel B 174 
 
 St. John, Daniel B., Residence of 174 
 
 St. John's M. E. Church 13S 
 
 St. Patrick's Female Academy 133 
 
 St. Patrick's Parochial School and Insti- 
 tute 176 
 
 St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church 
 
 and Deanery 133 
 
 St. Paul's Church as Originally Designed 144 
 St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church. 144 
 
 Starting for a Fire 93 
 
 Steamer Newburgh 233 
 
 Sterling, Hon. Robert 78 
 
 Stevens, Halsey R 198 
 
 Stocker, Edward 289 
 
 Storehouse of the Homer Ramsdell 
 Transportation Companj', & Steam- 
 er " Homer Ramsdell" 232 
 
 Straw, Dr. L. S 206 
 
 Straw, Dr. L. S., Residence of 207 
 
 Sweet, Clayton E 278 
 
 Sweet, Clayton E., Residence of 278 
 
 Sweet, Orr & Co.'s Factory 271-277 
 
 Taggart WiUiam G 185 
 
 Taylor, Hon. Grant B 165 
 
 Temple Beth Jacob, 143 
 
 Templeton, James F 80 
 
 Theall, William L 207 
 
 Thompson, Rev. DeWitt B 145 
 
 Thompson, Rev. J. R 140 
 
 Thompson, Rt. Rev. Joseph P 129 
 
 Thornton, Hon. Howard 166 
 
 Tole, Rev. WiUiam H 220 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Tower of Victory ^^8 
 
 Townsend Building jS8 
 
 Traphagen, William D 219 
 
 Trinity iM. E. Church and Parsonage! 124 
 
 Tucker, John F .... lyg 
 
 Turner, Shipp &• Osborn, Offices of ... ! 310 
 
 Union (Presbyterian) Church 136 
 
 Uzal Knapp's Monument 33 
 
 Vale of Avoca 51 
 
 Valentine, John H ' ' '[ log 
 
 Van Cleft, Joseph 208 
 
 Verplanck House at Fishkill(fhe), Steu- 
 ben's Headquarters 33 
 
 Walsh, E. A., Residence of. . iqo 
 
 Walsh, J. DeWitt 210 
 
 Walsh Paper Mill 285 
 
 Wands, William S 109 
 
 Ward & Logan's Store , . , 286 
 
 Ward, Hon. Peter 287 
 
 Ward, Hon. Peter, Residence of 2S7 
 
 Waring, Cornelius L 165 
 
 Waring, Daniel S 79 
 
 Washington Baking Powder Co., Fac- 
 tory of 315 
 
 Washington's Chair j_j 
 
 Washburn, Crosby Co.'s Eastern Store- 
 house for Flour at Fishkill (Stephen 
 
 M. Bull, Agent) 300 
 
 Washington, George, 28 
 
 Washington's Headquarters — A Boot of 
 
 one of Riedesei's Dragoons at 47 
 
 Washington's Headquarters— A Case of 
 
 Clothing, Books, &c., at 42 
 
 Washington's Headquarters— A Case of 
 
 Indian Relics at 42 
 
 Washin.^^on's Headquarters — A Case of 
 
 Indian War Implements at 43 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Washington's Headquarters — A Case of 
 
 Miscellaneous Relics at 41 
 
 Washington's Headquarters— Diagram 
 
 of First Floor 34 
 
 Washington's Headquarters — From the 
 
 Northwest 30 
 
 Washington's Headquarters — From the 
 
 Southwest 37 
 
 Washington's Headquarters — Room 
 
 With Seven Doors and one Window 34 
 Washington's Headquarters — Some In- 
 teresting Trophies at 40 
 
 Washington's Headquarters — The Old 
 
 Fireplace 35 
 
 Washington's Headquarters — Thirty- 
 two-pound Iron Gun at 41 
 
 Washington's Headquarters — West En- 
 trance 35 
 
 Washington Lake 84 
 
 Washington, Martha 38 
 
 Washington's, Martha, Watch 44 
 
 Washington Steamer Co., House of ... . 96 
 Water Street — Looking North from 
 
 " The Square" 58 
 
 Water Street — Looking South from 
 
 Fifth Street 71 
 
 Weed, Jonathan N 170 
 
 Weller, A. Y., Residence of 295 
 
 Weller, George 210 
 
 Wenzel. George C 268 
 
 Westervelt, John L 107 
 
 Westminster Reformed Presbyterian 
 
 Church 140 
 
 Weston, Wilbur H 214 
 
 West Shore Railroad Depot 222 
 
 Wey.gant, Col. Charles H 66 
 
 Whitaker, Samuel 315 
 
 Whitaker, Samuel, Factory and Re 1 
 
 dence of 315 
 
 Whitehill d- Cleveland's Factory. . . .2S'-26o 
 Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice 
 
 Machine Company's Works 235 
 
 Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice 
 Machine Company's Works — Main 
 
 Floor 236 
 
 Whitehill, Robert 237 
 
 Whitehill, Robert, Residence of 238 
 
 Wiggins, L. Y. , M. D 88 
 
 Wilkinson, John G., Store of 314 
 
 Willard, Francis A 178 
 
 Williams, Charles E., Residence of .... 189 
 
 WiUis, N. P 57 
 
 Wilson, Arthur 169 
 
 Wilson, Arthur, Residence of 169 
 
 Wilson, Jonathan D 214 
 
 Wilson, Tilden H 213 
 
 Wright Engine Works 245 
 
 Wright, William 243 
 
 Wright, William, Residence of 244 
 
 " Woodburn Hall " — The Christopher B. 
 
 Miller Homestead 215 
 
 Woodlawn Cemetery 333 
 
 Women's Christian Temperance Union 
 
 Free Reading Room 155 
 
 WooUey, Charles N., M. D 108 
 
 Young ilen's Christian Association 
 
 Building 152 
 
 Young Women's Christian Association 
 
 Building 153 
 
 Young Women's Christian Association 
 
 — Fair of, 1890 153 
 
 Youn.g Women's Christian Temperance 
 
 Union Parlor 156 
 
 The Paper in this Book was furnished b.v the 
 HUDSON VALLEY PAPER CO., ALBANY, N. Y. 
 
 ~^~^+;)^5^— g*-- 
 
:s£ PERSONAL INDEX.aife 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Abbott. Rev. W. H r^, 15(1 
 
 Abbott. Rev. William P V25 
 
 Abranis, Capt. James C 45 
 
 Abrams, JI liS 
 
 Adams. Dr. A. E Sfi 
 
 Adams, Bernard T 329 
 
 Adams & Bishop Co 285 
 
 Adams, Ebenezer liJl, 328 
 
 Adams, George B 303, 3M, 305, :508 
 
 Adams, John 146 
 
 Adams, Hon. John C.43, 47, 74, 75, 76, 169, 176, 
 181, 1S5, 1S9, 191, 283, 2S:J, 2S4, 338, 329 
 
 Adams, President John 160 
 
 Adams, Rev. John Q 130 
 
 Adee, William 94 
 
 Ajon, Stephen : 128 
 
 Akerly, llary 155 
 
 Albertson, Joseph 22 
 
 Albertson. Richard 19, 32 
 
 Alexander, Duncan 22 
 
 Alexander, James 256 
 
 Alexander, James A 1:36 
 
 Alexander, Prince of the Netherlands. 32V 
 
 Alexander. Rhoda B 256 
 
 Alexander, WiUlam 22 
 
 Allan. Charles F.,D. D.S 144. 190 
 
 Allan, ilrs. C. F 154 
 
 Allard, Xahum W 76, 84 
 
 Allen, :?28 
 
 Allen, Ethan 41 
 
 Allen. Jeremiah :39 
 
 Allen. Rev. Sturges 150 
 
 Allison, Major Richard 45 
 
 AUstroon. Capt. J. V 45 
 
 Alsdorf , Charles B 128 
 
 Alsdorf, Mrs. D.B 129 
 
 Alsdorf, Prof. D. B 128, 129 
 
 Alsdorf. Et,'bert 105 
 
 Alsdorf & Skidniore 218.301 
 
 Alsdorf, Ulysses J 101 
 
 Alsop, John 158 
 
 Alsop, John, jr 158 
 
 Alzamora, Prof 89 
 
 Amerman, Peter 262 
 
 Amerod, Capt. G. C 45 
 
 Ammerman, Derrick 27, 120 
 
 Anderson, Capt. James 108 
 
 Anderson, John 26, 27 
 
 Anderson, John, Jr 94 
 
 Anderson, Romer & Co 228 
 
 Anderson, R. W 46 
 
 Anderson, S 329 
 
 Andrews, Frederick 69 
 
 Andrews, J. P 69, 85 
 
 Andrews. Harriet Bronson 69 
 
 Andrews, Josephine Jerome 69 
 
 Anne, Queen 17, 19 
 
 Anthony, Walter C 147. 148.160, :m 
 
 Applegate, Rev. Oetavius, JI. A., S. T. D. 43 
 44, 126, 127, 149, 150 
 
 Applegate, Mrs. 154 
 
 Applegate, Rev. O., Jr 15<J 
 
 Applegate, Rev. L. W 127 
 
 Applegate, Rev. Thomas 127 
 
 Appleton, Capt. Daniel 45 
 
 Appleton. Miss E. J 154 
 
 Armour & Co 108 
 
 Armstrong Brothers 205 
 
 Armstrong, Major John 34, 39 
 
 Armstrong. Rev, Robert. D. D 142 
 
 Arthur. Capt. Edward 43 
 
 Ash. Lewis 143 
 
 Ashley, Stephen B 282 
 
 AtweU, Mrs. S. V 153 
 
 Austin, Col. David E 46 
 
 Austin, Nelson i:* 
 
 Authouse, Frances 101 
 
 Avei-y. G-. A 326 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Ayres, Rev. G. S 150 
 
 Bacon, Capt. Francis W 45 
 
 Bailey, Rf ar Admiral 202 
 
 Bailey, Dr. Roland 113 
 
 Bairrt, John 3^3 
 
 Baird, Rev. James. D. D 150 
 
 Ball. Henry 154 
 
 Baldwin, Jolin 151 
 
 Balfe, Mary A. <Wentz) 175 
 
 Balfe, Thomas F 1T2. 175 
 
 Bancroft. Robert C 76,91 
 
 Banks, Fred W 328 
 
 Banks. Hugh S 76, 105, 113, 124 , 141, 164 
 
 Banks, Rosilia H. (Bailey) 113 
 
 Barr, Rev. R. H., Ph. D 121, 123, 143 
 
 Barry. Michael 97 
 
 Barker. Fnrdyce, M. D 89 
 
 Baker, Hon. O. D. M 70 
 
 Baker. William 125 
 
 Barber. Col. Francis 34 
 
 Barber. George 46 
 
 Barclay, David 160 
 
 Barclay, David H 155, 1?2 
 
 Barclay, Dr. Peter M .. 86 
 
 Barnard, George G 195 
 
 Barnard, Justice 61 
 
 Bate, David W 106, 155, 158 
 
 Bate & McKissock 160 
 
 Bates, Egbert R 119 
 
 Barton, Charles 91 
 
 Barton, Emma M 284 
 
 Barton, Henry A 284 
 
 Bartlett, Bradbury C 61 
 
 Bartlett, T. & Son 220 
 
 Bartlett, William E 248 
 
 Bartrum, Charles W 270 
 
 Barnes, Andrew 141 
 
 Barnes, Anna 293 
 
 Barnes, Arthur 293 
 
 Barnes, Edgar C ViO, 167, 189, 191, 293 
 
 Barnes, George 119, 318, 319 
 
 Barnes, James W 125 
 
 Barnes & Mapes, 293 
 
 Barnes, Minnie 293 
 
 Barnes, Warren O ' 130 
 
 Baughan, Robert 323 
 
 Baumgardner, Henry 283 
 
 Bazzoni, Charles L 2r.") 
 
 Bazzoni, Frank W 265 
 
 Bazzoni, James C 265 
 
 Bazzoni, Lewis J 191. 265 
 
 Bayard, Hon. Thomas F 45, 47 
 
 Beach, ;J28 
 
 Beach & Bailey, Ill 
 
 Beach, Dr Sfi 
 
 Beach, Hon. Lewis 45 
 
 Beard, Captain Samuel 224 
 
 Beattie, Alexander 136 
 
 Beattle, I. O 308 
 
 Beattie, Lewis 128 
 
 Beattle, Rev. Robert H., D. D 132 
 
 Beattie, Rev. Robert H 132 
 
 Beatty, Alexander W 208 
 
 Eeatty. Elizabeth (Moore) 208 
 
 Beatty, John F 123 
 
 Beck, Lieut. CoLB 45 
 
 Beckman, Horatio B. . . . 75, 76. 81, ai, 2f:-l, 265 
 
 Bedell, Alonzo 46 
 
 Bedell & Seymour 191, 317 
 
 Bedford, Lyman 145 
 
 Beebe, Hon. George M 181 
 
 Beedp, N. B 79,217 
 
 Beede, William H 76 
 
 Beggs, George 175, 176, 295, 2% 297 
 
 Beggs, Isabella 295 
 
 Beggs, Joseph 2i)5 
 
 Beggs & Moore 295, 290 
 
 Beggs, W. N 170 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Belknap, Aaron 185 
 
 Belknap, Abel 22, 168, 269 
 
 Belknap. Abel W 95 
 
 Belknap, Abraham 168 
 
 Belknap, A. & M. H 168,269 
 
 Belknap, Captain 322 
 
 Belknap & Clinton 200 
 
 Belknap, Evelina (Deyo) 88, 169 
 
 Belknap, Isaac 22. 23. 24. 26, 117, 131 
 
 Belknap. Isaac, Jr 120, 171 
 
 Belknap. James 97, 167, 185 
 
 Belknap. Moses C. .75, 88, 105, 106, 119. 151, 167 
 108, 181, 189. 269, 270. 
 
 Belknap, Mrs. M. C 153 
 
 Belknap, Moses H 100, 168, 269, 270 
 
 Belknap. Marietta (McCamly) 168 
 
 Belknap & McCann 168, 191, 268 
 
 Belknap, Mary H. (Mailler) 168 
 
 Belknap, Nat :a5 
 
 Belknap, Ruth (Cook) 1(>8 
 
 Belknap, Samuel 120, 168 
 
 Belknap. Ward 46 
 
 Belknap. William C 119 
 
 Bell, Captain H. H 144 
 
 Bell, Rear Admiral Hemy H :J35 
 
 Bellows, Rev. Dr. H. W 145 
 
 Bend, Henry 22 
 
 Benedict, James W 45 
 
 Bennett, James Gordon 159 
 
 Bennett, Hiram 173 
 
 Bennett. Samuel 91 
 
 Bensel, A. A 178,217 
 
 Berry, Joseph H 283 
 
 Berry, William H 203 
 
 Bethune, George W., D. D 195 
 
 Betts, Samuel R 158 
 
 Beveredge, John 100, 105, 202 
 
 Beveredge, J. & Co 202 
 
 Beveridge Brewery 72 
 
 Beveridge Brewing Co 67, 191, 262 
 
 Beveridge, James B 76 
 
 Beveridge, Thomas 105, 262 
 
 Beveridge, T. & Co 262 
 
 Bevlere, Louis 87 
 
 Biddle, Colonel 52 
 
 Bigler, Harriet E. (Smith) 201 
 
 Blgler, James. .74, 85. 154, 171, 173, 191, 200, 255, 
 
 Blgler, Mary W. (Magee) 201 
 
 Bingham, Thomas 219 
 
 Birch, James G., M. D 86, 147, 148 
 
 Bird, Capt. Edward 45 
 
 Birdsall, Daniel 185 
 
 Birkins, Rev. H. R 139 
 
 Bishop, Rev. Edward 128 
 
 Bishop, Rev. George S 141 
 
 Bishop, Rev. William H 128 
 
 Blackman, — ^ 328 
 
 Blackman, Mrs. L. H 199 
 
 Blansjan, Mattys 215 
 
 Blausjau, Hattys, sr 215 
 
 Blalsdell, John 39 
 
 Bloomer, Tut 325 
 
 Bliss, 328 
 
 Bliss, Rev. E. W 130 
 
 Blltt, Alex. J 47 
 
 Bodlne, Lawrence C 179, 182 
 
 Bodlne, Polly 158 
 
 Bogardus, Cornelius 131 
 
 Bngardus, Edward T 132, ;DI 
 
 Bogart, Joseph N 155 
 
 Bogart, William 144 
 
 Boggs, \V :J24 
 
 Boice, Daniel 106 
 
 Bols, Abraham du 87 
 
 Bois, Isaac du 87 
 
 Bois, Louis du 87 
 
 Boland & Delany, 247 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Boland. John 245 
 
 Bond, C. H 145 
 
 Bo ufl , H ;J29 
 
 Bond, Joseph W ; 145 
 
 Booth, Edith 281 
 
 Booth, Thomas H 76 
 
 Book.staver, Ophelia 280 
 
 Borst, Elman H., M. D 86 
 
 Bostwick, Lieut. -Col. Charles B 45 
 
 Bosworth, Rev. Richard H 148 
 
 Boss, Rev. Nelson R 149, 150 
 
 Bourn, Hon. Augustus 45 
 
 Bouton, Rev. W. S 145 
 
 Bower, Abram 32;} 
 
 Bower, Rev. E. K 140 
 
 Bowne, J. T 70, 1.52 
 
 Boyd, 329 
 
 Boyd. Francis 74 
 
 Boyd. James 140, 329 
 
 Boyd, John A 76 
 
 Boyd, John W 207 
 
 Boyd, Robert 54, 120 
 
 Boyd, William W 47 
 
 Boynton, Major Edward C. .Si, 37, 42, 44, 70, 
 84, 189, 190, 191 
 
 Boynton, John 191 
 
 Boynton, Mary J. (Hubbard) 192 
 
 Boynton, Sophia (Cabott 191 
 
 Boynton, Thomas 191 
 
 Bowman, Phlneas 158 
 
 Bradenburgh, Jacob 145 
 
 Bradley, Captain Ambrose S 132, 205 
 
 Bradley, Bishop 134 
 
 Bradley. Emma (Turner) 205 
 
 Bradley, George W 46 
 
 Bradley & Irviu, 205 
 
 Bradley, Thomas W 45 
 
 Bremer, Frederika 197 
 
 Brennan, Patrick 76 
 
 Brewster, Anna (Brown) 127, 161 
 
 Brewster, Deacon 52 
 
 Brewster, Eugene A.. 69, 76, 105, 126, 127, 155, 
 160, 161, 166, 171, 172 
 
 Brewster, Eugene A., jr 160 
 
 Brewster, Hiram S 95, 97, 328 
 
 Brewster, Juliet 161 
 
 Brewster, Samuel 53 
 
 Brewster Timothy 161 
 
 Brett, Walter 205 
 
 Brett, Walter & Co 301 
 
 Briady, Rev. Edward S 133 
 
 Bridge, 328 
 
 Bridgeman, Alfred 119, 167, 192, 196 
 
 Brill, Jacobs 292 
 
 Brink, Hiram 308 
 
 Brinkman, William H 75, 176 
 
 Broadhead, Rev. Dr ISI 
 
 Brodhead, Col. Charles C 55, 56 
 
 Eroglie, Prince de 31 
 
 Brokaw Manufacturing Co 6:3, 317, 263 
 
 Brokaw, William B.119, 152, 181, 189, 191, 263, 
 264, 293 
 
 Brokaw, William H 101 
 
 Brower, Alex 22 
 
 Brown, 328 
 
 Brown, Hon. Charles F.. 159, 163, 166, 181, 186, 
 :?27, 329 
 
 Brown Charles G 81 
 
 Brown, Charles L 76, 97, 127, 145, 191 
 
 Brown, Charles L., jr 145 
 
 Brown, Rev. C. S 139 
 
 Brown, E. A 45 
 
 Brown, Eleanor F 101 
 
 Brown, Eliza 154 
 
 Brown, Frances 127, 154 
 
 Brown, Frances Elizabeth (Ludlow).... 127 
 
 Brown, Dr. George 88, 154 
 
 Brown, Helen 127 
 
 [7I 
 
PERSONAL INDEX 
 
 PAOE. 
 
 Brown. Isaac 'J2 
 
 Browu, Jacob 74, 105 
 
 Brown, James F 102 
 
 Brown. James S 241 
 
 Brown, John V20 
 
 Brown, John 14',.' 
 
 Brown, John l'.)4 
 
 Brown, Rev. John, D. D..56, lUO, KB, 126, lUi. 
 lis, r>2. 123. 12S, 143. 144. IM. 161. 1?2. 321. 
 331,33,1 
 
 Brown. John H., A. B 112 
 
 Brown. John Hobarl 12T 
 
 Brown. Col. J. W 55 
 
 Brown. Hon. John W....15S. 1111. 1113. 186.2.52 
 
 Brown. Henry Kirke 193. IM 
 
 Brown. Mrs. H. K 105 
 
 Brown. Leander 76 
 
 Brown Lime Co 101 
 
 Brown, Ludlow 127 
 
 Brown, L.vdla Louisa (Udall) 194 
 
 Brown & McMeeklu 07 
 
 Brown, Jlary Alice (Townseudl 1S6 
 
 Brown, Pauline 101 
 
 Brown, Robert 143 
 
 Brown, Thomas 22 
 
 Brown, Walter 255, 324, 325, .335 
 
 Brown. William 123. 127 
 
 Brown. William C 220 
 
 Brown. William H 178 
 
 Brown. William X 121 
 
 Brown. William R. .61. 74. 76. 159. 185. 186. 252. 
 32S 
 
 Bruce. Wallace 45, 47 
 
 Brundaye. H. D 125 
 
 Brundape. J. B. B 292 
 
 Bryant. William Cullen 159. 160. 194 
 
 Buchanan. James S 98 
 
 Buchanan. Norman B 97 
 
 Buchner. r 326 
 
 Buckingham. Beujamln F 97, 321 
 
 Buckingham, Richard 26 
 
 Buck, Capt. A. J 45 
 
 Buck. Rev. D 139 
 
 Buck, Dudley 47 
 
 Buckmaster. Clarence W 101 
 
 Buckmaster, Rev. John W 149 
 
 Buehler. Rev. W. R 148 
 
 Buhler. Clarence F 44 
 
 Bull. Emily Grace .301 
 
 Bull. John Sprlncstead 298. 301 
 
 Bull. Stephen M..125. 191. 255. 298. 299.300. 
 301 
 
 Bull. William 52. 53, 298, 306 
 
 Bullion. Rev. Peter. D. D 143 
 
 Bullis. Effie (Decker) 312 
 
 Bullls. Capt. W. A 205. 212 
 
 Bullis. Ephraim 212 
 
 Burch. Rev. B. H 139 
 
 Burden & Co 219 
 
 Burgan. H. A 47 
 
 Burger. -325 
 
 Burgoyne. General 41. 42. 53 
 
 Burhans. Lewis 130 
 
 Burke. Thomas H 47 
 
 Burke. William F .301 
 
 Burling, Nathaniel 94 
 
 Burling, Walter 94 
 
 Burnet, Rev, Elcazer 117 
 
 Burnet, Gov. William 19 
 
 Burnett. Mrs. James S 208 
 
 Burnett. Robert 167 
 
 Burns. 323 
 
 Burns. Rattle 248 
 
 Burns. John 248 
 
 Burt.C 329 
 
 Burt, Hon. Grlnnell 161 
 
 Burt. J 329 
 
 Burton. Mrs 195 
 
 Bush. Edward A 97 
 
 Bush. John 244 
 
 Butler.J.W 46 
 
 Butler. N. S. & Co 305 
 
 Butler. Rev. William 14C 
 
 Cabot. Francis 101 
 
 Cabot. Mary Dwlght 191 
 
 Caldwell. Charles 76. 181, :JM 
 
 Caldwell, Mrs. Charles 154 
 
 Caldwell. E. O 47 
 
 Caldwell. Henry 185 
 
 Caldwell. Ira 139. 317. 318 
 
 Caldwell. William 154 
 
 Callahan. Lieut. C. E 45 
 
 Callahan. William H 81.86. 105 
 
 Calyer, Gilbert 132 
 
 Camack. Robert 316 
 
 I>A(IK. 
 
 Cameron. Ada (Hlnghaml 219 
 
 Cameron. De WIttC 17.97 
 
 Cameron. Daniel U 191. 219 
 
 Cameron A Sloat 219 
 
 Cameron. William F,.74. 75. 76, 86, 180, 219 
 
 Campbell, 328 
 
 Campbell, Anna E :120 
 
 Campbcll,J 329 
 
 Campbell. Dr. John 151 
 
 Cnnipbcll. .b.hn C 76 
 
 Campbell. John J 189 
 
 Campbell. Sanmol F 143 
 
 Candee. Lieut. Wlllard L 45 
 
 Cantine. Abraham 215 
 
 Cantiue. Christina 215 
 
 Cantine. Christina (Hoes) 215 
 
 Cantine. Edward B 216 
 
 Cantine, Elizabeth (Plansjau) 215 
 
 Cantine. Elizabeth (Deyo) Lefevre 215 
 
 Cantine. Francis M 216 
 
 Cantine. Col. George A 215.216 
 
 Cantine. Hannah (Hoos) 215 
 
 Cautlue. General John 215 
 
 Cantine. Marlon J. (Cook) 216 
 
 Cantine. Moses 215 
 
 Cantine. Moses 1 215 
 
 Cantine. Peter 215 
 
 Cautlin. J. A :S'-> 
 
 Capron. SethM 61 
 
 Carey. Lucius 177 
 
 Carlisle. Rev. John W. F 123. 124 
 
 Carlisle. Letitia (Craig) 123 
 
 Carlisle. Lizzie 153 
 
 Carlisle. Margaret M. (Fenton) 124 
 
 Carlisle. Rev. Samuel 43. 44. 123. 200. .335 
 
 Carlisle. Rev. Samuel. Sr 223 
 
 CarlLsle. Mrs. Samuel 154 
 
 Carlotta 65 
 
 Carnahan. R. B 234 
 
 Carnochan, Dr. J. Murray 89 
 
 Carpenter. Benjamin 27, 172, 255, 284 
 
 Carpenter, B. & Co 228. 294 
 
 Carpenter. Gilbert 106 
 
 Carpenter. I. R 160 
 
 Carpenter. Jacob and Leonard 26 
 
 Carpenter. John 106 
 
 Carpenter. Leonard 04 
 
 Carpenter. Lewis 106 
 
 Carpenter. Lieut 55 
 
 Carr. Brown & Co 264 
 
 Carr. Rev. John J 146 
 
 Carr. Major General 45 
 
 Carroll. Frank P 326 
 
 Carroll, Rev. J. Halsted. D. D 132 
 
 Carruthers. David 150 
 
 Carskaden, John 94 
 
 Carson. David 42. 119. Is]. ISO. 191. 328 
 
 Carson. William W. . .74. ,84. 86. 146. 154. 163. 
 
 214 
 
 Carter. Charles 198 
 
 Carter. Edmund 150 
 
 Carter. Ellen 313 
 
 Carter. Enoch.. 155. 159. 161. 19S. 190. 311. 323. 
 
 324. 334 
 
 Carter. Ere , 250 
 
 Carter. Henry 191 , 313 
 
 Carter, Henry Francis 313 
 
 Carter, James :)|;{ 
 
 Carter, Jane (Llndernmn) los 
 
 Carter, Jonatlian 91, li)H 
 
 Carter, Lewis 125 
 
 Carter. JIary 313 
 
 Carter. R. P .17 
 
 Carver. George B t no, 1.53 
 
 Carver. H. H 135 
 
 Case, Adndral is2 
 
 Case, A. Ludlow ]82 
 
 Case. Capt. C. A 43 
 
 Case. Daniel .-jjg 
 
 Case & K Idd am 
 
 Case. Robert L 105. 1 17, 172 
 
 Case, Walter if,n 
 
 Casey, Capt. William C 15 
 
 Cass. General Lewis i9n 
 
 Casscdy. Hon. Abram S. , .61. 68. 69. 70. 74, 75, 
 
 76, lin, 119, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, '167' 
 
 171 
 
 181 
 
 Cas-sedy, Archibald, Sr. 
 Cassedy, Archibald, Jr. 
 Cassedy, A. S. & W. F... 
 
 Cassedy & Brown 
 
 Cassedy. Frank H 
 
 163 
 
 163 
 
 .160. 163. 16T 
 ..163. 166,167 
 
 160, 163 
 
 Cassedy. Lydia (Gurnee) 162 
 
 Cassedy. Margaret J. (Drake) I6s 
 
 Cassedy. William r 160. 163. 166. 167 
 
 PAOE. 
 
 Cassedy. Mrs. William F 167 
 
 Casterllne. Josejdi 181 
 
 Castcrllue. Joseph. Jr 185 
 
 Cavau. Mr 213 
 
 Cavan. Davl.l T 12:! 
 
 Cavanangh. Ella F 292 
 
 (^avaimugh, Garrett 203 
 
 Cathcart, James 121 
 
 Cauldwell. Alexander 74. 76. 95. 345. 247 
 
 Chadborn & Cold well 3.37 
 
 Chadborn. Coldwell & Co 238,2.11.268 
 
 Chadborn &Coldwidl Mfg. Co 6.3,81. 191, 
 
 218. 2.38. 2.39. 341. 242, 255. 268, 2«8 
 
 Chadborn. George L 75, J'lS. 2r>B 
 
 Chadwlck. James 126. 172. 191, 249. 3.50 
 
 Chadwick. Joseph 173, 191, 249, 2.50. 251 
 
 Chadwlck. Thomas M 249 
 
 Chalmers, Rev. Dr 1-36 
 
 Chambers. 323 
 
 Chambers. Albert N.. .15. K,, 191, 245, 246, 247 
 
 Chambers, Benjamin AV 112 
 
 Chambers, Edna H. (Andrews) 69 
 
 Chambers. Hannah J. (Case) K5 
 
 Chambers. James 85 
 
 Chambers. James L 85 
 
 Chambers. Jane (McCord) 84 
 
 Chambers. John 85. 1:58, 171, 172 
 
 Chambers, Samuel 84 
 
 Chambers, William 75, 8:i, 84, 85. 15S. 217 
 
 Chambers. William C 69. 8.5. 185 
 
 Chandler. A. K 108. 295 
 
 Chandler. George H 328 
 
 Chandler. Hon. William E 45 
 
 Channing. Rev. William H 145 
 
 Chapman. Mrs. Alexander Thompson.. 98 
 
 Chapman. Mrs. Charles F 212 
 
 Chapman. Henrietta 327 
 
 Chapman. Isaac C. . . .76. 136. 172. 173, 181. 189, 
 
 255, 269, .305, .306 
 
 Chapman, J. Henry. " 97 
 
 Chapman. Joseph H. H. .43. 84. 95. 97. 98. 126, 
 
 173. 131. 260, 323, .334 
 
 Chapman. John H 306 
 
 Chapman. Louise 260 
 
 Chapman. Lydla W. (Sanxay) 98 
 
 Chapman. Paddock 305 
 
 Chapman. Ralph .305 
 
 Chapman. William L 169 
 
 Chase. Capt. James T 46. 91. 331 
 
 Chastellux. Marquis de 35 
 
 Chatfleld. Jacob 132 
 
 Chatterton. Charles L 141. 1.52. 160 
 
 Chatties. Dr 90 
 
 Cbetwood. Rev. Hobart 144 
 
 Chew. Rev. John Marshall 150 
 
 Chrystie, Rev. Dr. James 121. 139 
 
 Chrystle. Thomas .323 
 
 Church. Samuel P.. M. D 86. 191 
 
 Church. F. S 244 
 
 Crawford. C. Emmet 309 
 
 Claflin. H. B. & Co 254 
 
 Clapp. George M 74. 105. 243. 267 
 
 Clark. .Abram 3i}6 
 
 Clark. Augusta (Rogers) 78 
 
 Clark, B. Franklin 147. 14S.:e3 
 
 Clark, Chester 185 
 
 Clai-k, Edsou H 74,203,206,265, 266 
 
 Clark, Col. Emmons 45 
 
 Clark. Hon. George. .61, 74, 77, 78, 84, 105, 107. 
 
 Clark. Geoi-go H 76. 78. 165 
 
 Clark. Jiunes 132 
 
 Clark & KUnball 203. 265 
 
 Clark. Leander 75, 306 
 
 Clark, Leander, Jr 81, 170, 202, 2tl;J 
 
 Clark. Lewis 36 
 
 Clark. Lucas 2iKj 
 
 Clark, Mary 77 
 
 Clark. JIary J. (Olncy) 206 
 
 Clark. (_'aptaln Oliver H 334 
 
 Clark, Phlla ■UK 
 
 Clark, Ri>bcrt Sterling 7a 
 
 Clark, linth Ann (Clark) 3(i2 
 
 Clark. Ruth Ann 202 
 
 Clark. Samuel 2:1 
 
 Clark. Williaiii 77, 335 
 
 Clarke, E. Y III. 121 
 
 Clai'ke. James Freeman 160 
 
 Clarke. Caiitaiu Nathaniel Ill 
 
 Clarke. Rev. W. E 139 
 
 Clarksou. David M 143, 114. 231, 33« 
 
 Clarkson, Maud 2:i'l 
 
 Clay, 113 
 
 Clay, Henry 77, 160, 173 
 
 CleiMcnt, Gilbert N 94 
 
 pagr. 
 
 Clements. John A *""* 
 
 (.■Icvelaud, Hon. Grover 15. 178, 28.3 
 
 I -levid.iMd, Dr. J. A 306 
 
 ( 'levidand. Ordlne M 1.36. 101. 2.57, 260 
 
 ( lllf . Benjamin 75. 76, 150 
 
 Cllne, Benjamin 46 
 
 Clinton, Bishop ■-■■ 128 
 
 Clinton, Charles 36,53 
 
 Clinton, Hon. De Witt 51, 53. 87, 159, 194 
 
 Clinton. Governor 34, 42, 280 
 
 Clinton, Hon. George 48 
 
 Clinton, George .53, 158 
 
 Clinton, General George 195 
 
 Clinton, Gov. fieorge 210 
 
 Clinton. General James 51, 53, 87, 159 
 
 Clinton, Jame.s 159 
 
 Clinton. General James G 321 
 
 Clinton. Sir Henry 30, 53 
 
 Clinton, Mary (De Witt) 87 
 
 Clock, Sarah A.. M. D 86 
 
 Close. Rev. John 117 
 
 Clouser. John F 262 
 
 Clyde. General Samuel 166 
 
 Cobb. Captain 322 
 
 Cochran. Isaac 70, 123,140 
 
 Cochrane, Alderman James 68, 75, 80, 191 
 
 Cochrane, Martha (Hewitt) 80 
 
 Cochrane, William H 80 
 
 Collin, Caleb 27 
 
 CofHn, Fannie M 327 
 
 Colbert, 324 
 
 Colden, Ale.v 22, 24 
 
 Colden, Alexander 19 
 
 Colden, Alexander 136 
 
 Colden, Cadwallader 19,25, 78 
 
 Colden, Cadwallader. Jr 158, 53 
 
 Colden, Crissy (Griffith) 78 
 
 Colden, Governor 158 
 
 Colden, Lieut. Gov 22 
 
 Colden. Maria 53 
 
 Coldwell Lawn Mower Co 63, 267, 268 
 
 ColdweU, Thomas 130,2.33,267, '268 
 
 Coldwell Wilcox Company 63,7^ 268 
 
 Coldwell, William H 268 
 
 Cole, AdeleeM. (Andrews) 69 
 
 Cole. F. S..H. D 69,86 
 
 Cole, Joseph 125, 128, 129 
 
 Cole, Morgan 25, 125 
 
 Coleman, Rev. IN 134 
 
 Coleman, John 76, 94 
 
 Coleman, Joseph 117 
 
 Coleman, W. T 139 
 
 Coles, Dennis 177 
 
 Colfax, William 31 
 
 Collard, Noah 74, 75 
 
 O.IUns, S3 
 
 Collins. Capt. Wm. L 46 
 
 Ccdt. Colonel 296 
 
 Combs. General Leslie 159 
 
 Comfort. Rev.L. L 211 
 
 Comstock. E.T 97 
 
 Cimistock. Dr. Stephen S 89 
 
 Conger. Joslah 98 
 
 Conklln. 333, 329 
 
 Conklin, F 329 
 
 Couklin, Edmund, Jr 22 
 
 Conkllng, Antoinette W 294 
 
 Conkllng. Senator Roscoe 181 
 
 Cimnell. J 329 
 
 Connelly. Rev. H 139 
 
 Conner. David 22 
 
 C(mnlck. Rev. Patrick 146 
 
 Connolly. Bishop 132 
 
 Connor. Captain Augustus W 45 
 
 Conyngham. John 91, 150 
 
 Cook. 160 
 
 Cook.Dr 88 
 
 Cook. Rev. D 123 
 
 Cook. A. M 191 
 
 Cook. J. Hervey 44 
 
 Cook. Levi ,'<: Co 37! 
 
 Cook. General Solon H 216 
 
 Cooke, 329 
 
 Cooper, Rear Admiral G, H 45 
 
 Cooper, Joseph 150 
 
 Cooper, T. H..M.D 217 
 
 Copidand, Anna E. (Clark) 77 
 
 Corcoran. Capt. G. W 46 
 
 Corey. Rev, G. H 139 
 
 Corklns. Michael 98 
 
 Corle.v. Charles G jgg 
 
 Corliss. Mr 244 
 
 Corliss & Nightingale ^^ 
 
 Corliss, Nightingale & Co ^^ 
 
 Cornell, Hon. Alouzo B 
 
PERSONAL INDEX 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Cornell, Henry 133 
 
 Cornell, J. B 88 
 
 Cornell, W. W ' 88 
 
 Corning, Erastus 194 
 
 Cornish, Joseph 95 
 
 Cornwallis, 30, 35, 53 
 
 Cornwell, Rev. Dr 70 
 
 Cornwell, 329 
 
 Cornwell, George 107 
 
 Cornwell, (George) & Son 1?2 
 
 Cornwell, Henry 106 
 
 Corrigan. Mt. Rev. M. A.. D. D. . .Kil, 146, 220 
 
 Corwin. Daniel 131 
 
 Corwin. Edward P 13fi 
 
 Corwlu, Frank R lOi 
 
 Corwin, Halsey & Co 95 
 
 Corwin, Isaac L 76, ifi7 
 
 Corwin, John 74, 75,76, 105, 181,209, 3l2 
 
 Corwin. John H 212 
 
 Corwin, Matthias 212 
 
 Corwin, Silas 51 
 
 Corwin. Stanton & Co 237 
 
 Courtland, Col 32 
 
 Courtney, Capt. William H 46 
 
 Coulter, John 120 
 
 Coutant, ilrs. Albert 202 
 
 Coutant, Daniel J 74, 75. 70, 87 
 
 Coutant, W. A 125 
 
 Cowdrey, John 212 
 
 Cowling. David 315 
 
 Cowling, Mary L 315 
 
 Coyle, Rev. Denis 146 
 
 Crabb, Capt. G. W 45 
 
 Craft, F. W 326 
 
 Craig, James 210 
 
 Crane, James M.. A. M 84,101,110, 141 
 
 Crane, Josiah 110 
 
 Crane. Josiah, 2d 110 
 
 Crane. Stephen 110 
 
 Crary, Rev. B. F 150 
 
 Crawford, C. Emmet 191, 303 
 
 Crawford, David 169 
 
 Crawford, David & Co 27, 167, 255, 294 
 
 Crawford, F. & D. & Co 294 
 
 Crawford, Francis 55, 294 
 
 Crawford, Francis & David 294 
 
 Crawford & Harris 294 
 
 Crawford, James 329 
 
 Crawford, James B 308 
 
 Crawford, James 1 169, 172 
 
 Crawford, James W 309 
 
 Crawford, John 122 
 
 Crawford, Rev. M. D'C, D. D 125 
 
 Crawford, Mailler & Co 294, 303 
 
 CraAvford, O. Clark 308 
 
 Crawshaw, Elizabeth France 254 
 
 Crawshaw. George 253, 254 
 
 Crawshaw's, George, Sons 253 
 
 Crawshaw, Mark 191, 253. 254 
 
 Crawshaw, Samuel 145, 253, 254 
 
 Crawshaw, Thomas 253 
 
 Crawshaw, William 253 
 
 Creagh, 329 
 
 Crevellng, Rev. P. C 150 
 
 Crilly, James 143 
 
 Crlspel, Anthoine 87 
 
 Crissey, Gilbert R 86 
 
 Crist, Estelle 281 
 
 Croly. David G 279 
 
 Cromwell 193 
 
 Cromwell. Major 67 
 
 Crook, James H., Jr 139 
 
 Crosby, Rev, Dr. Howard 119 
 
 Crosby, S. L 191 
 
 Crowell, Rev. J. M 141 
 
 Cruger, Colonel S. V. R 281 
 
 Cruickshank, Rev. William 131 
 
 Cubit, James C 292 
 
 Culbert, Henrietta (Powell) 86 
 
 Culbert, John 86 
 
 Culbert, Francis Ramsdell 87 
 
 Culbert, William A. M.,M. D.. .86, 87, 105, 147 
 
 Culbert, Mrs. William A. M 155 
 
 CuUen, Judge Edgar M 264 
 
 Cummings. Lieut. Col 67 
 
 Cummins, Bishop George David 147 
 
 Cunningham, James 97, 98 
 
 Currle, John 120 
 
 Currie, Margaret A 154 
 
 Curry, John 122 
 
 Curtice Brothers, 292 
 
 Curtin, Hon. A. G 45 
 
 Curtis. 160 
 
 Curtis, George William 197 
 
 Cushing, William J 178 
 
 PAGE, 
 Cushman, Cliarles U. ...169, ni, 177. IM. 311 
 
 Custis, Martha 44 
 
 Cuthbutson, Rev 122 
 
 Daggett. John 214 
 
 Dales. Rev. J. B 178 
 
 Dales. John 61, 141, 170, 214, 303, :>U 
 
 Dales, (John) & Co 191 
 
 Dales, John ifc Co 303 
 
 Dales, Mrs 303 
 
 Dalton, 328 
 
 Daly, Archibald 323 
 
 Darby, Andrew 109 
 
 Darragh, John J 91 
 
 Dauphin of Franco 30, 31 
 
 Davenport, Rev. John 8(1 
 
 Davids, George W 179 
 
 Davis. Oliver 185 
 
 Daw. T .324 
 
 Day, Rev. Alfred 129 
 
 Day, Rev. J. R., D.D 125 
 
 Dayton, Col 32 
 
 Dean, Judge 207 
 
 Dean, Miss 194 
 
 Decker, 323 
 
 Decker, Alonzo 145 
 
 Decker, Charles N 86 
 
 Decker, Frederick 45 
 
 Decker, Jacob P 212 
 
 Decker, James T 150 
 
 Decker. .Tohn 325 
 
 Decker. Rev. William H 128. 129 
 
 De Forest, D. R 265 
 
 De Forest. Captain Ezra 45 
 
 De Forest. La Tour & Bazzoni 265 
 
 De Graudval, L 112 
 
 Degrove, Adolph 117 
 
 De Hart, Captain W, H 45 
 
 De Lancy, John 97, 301 
 
 Delano, Warren 146 
 
 De La Salle 134 
 
 Delany, P. & Co 85, 191,245, 247 
 
 Delany, John 247, 248, 249 
 
 Delany, Patrick 75, 245, 246, 247 
 
 Denniston. Hon. Augustus 167. 211 
 
 Denniston. David 177 
 
 Denniston, Rev. James Otis 148 
 
 Denniston, Hon. Robert 211 
 
 Denning, William H 322 
 
 Dent, 317 
 
 Denton, James 22 
 
 Denton, Jonas 22 
 
 Denton, R. B 178 
 
 Denton, Samuel 22 
 
 Depuy, Thomas R 91 
 
 Dermott, Michael 22 
 
 Deverenx, President 234 
 
 Devine, T. F 326 
 
 Devyr, 328 
 
 DeAVint, John Peter 145, 160, 197 
 
 DeWint, Peter 145 
 
 Dewitt, Andrus 132 
 
 DeWitt, Cornelius 94 
 
 DeWitt, John 210 
 
 DeWltt. Simeon 3:J, 87 
 
 DeWitt, Rev. Thomas.D. D 131, 137 
 
 DeWordt, Ivan 326 
 
 Dexter. W. H .324 
 
 Deyo, Christian 215 
 
 Deyo, Clarence W 112 
 
 Deyo, Cornelia Bruyn (DuBois) 87, 88 
 
 Deyo, Dr. Daniel N 87 
 
 Deyo, Hattie C. (Estabrook) 112 
 
 Deyo, John, M. D 45, 86, 88 
 
 Deyo, Mrs. John 153 
 
 Deyo, Jonathan D 87 
 
 Deyo, Mary Hardenbergh (De Witt) .... 87 
 Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D. .80, 87, 88, 161, 161), 321 
 
 Deyo, Nathaniel DuBois 88 
 
 Deyo, Robert E 88 
 
 Deyo, Van Zandt 88 
 
 Dtck, Rev. Dr 123. 136 
 
 Dickey, Annie L 162 
 
 Dickey, Frank R 162 
 
 Dickey, Henrietta E 163 
 
 Dickey, James 75 
 
 Dickey, Hon. Joseph M. .44, 45, 65, 74, Sr), 102, 
 
 185, 191. 331 
 
 Dickey, James N 76, 146, 109 
 
 Dickey, Mrs. J. N 155 
 
 Dickey, Kate G 162 
 
 Dlekey, Kate W. (Richmond) 162 
 
 Dickey, William 161, 220 
 
 Dickey, Col. William D..43, 45, 65, 76, 97, 1*10, 
 
 161, 162 
 Dickson, Agnes R., M. D 80 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 '6, 105, 280 
 
 329 
 
 324 
 
 69 
 
 160 
 
 Dickson, James R 
 
 Dickson, W 
 
 Dillon, 
 
 Dillon, Glide & Co 
 
 Dimniick, Samuel E 
 
 Dix, Gov. John A 195 
 
 Dixon, Charles A 237 
 
 Dixon, Rev. Felix 146 
 
 Dobbin, Thomas 69, 105. 135 
 
 Doblin, Robert 143 
 
 Dodge, Levi 171 
 
 Dogau, Cliristian 87 
 
 Dogau, Pierre 87 
 
 Doherty, William 323 
 
 Don, Henry 22 
 
 Donahue, Michael 76 
 
 Dongau, Governor 17 
 
 Donnelly, James 34 
 
 Donoghue, James A 323, .326 
 
 Donoghue, Joseph F 333, :?26 
 
 Donoghue. Timothy 76, 324. 325, 328 
 
 Donoghue. Timothy, Jr 326 
 
 Donveur, Louis 101 
 
 Doremus, Dr. Ogden 89 
 
 Dorniu, William C 235 
 
 Doty, William H 101 
 
 Dotzert. J. H 69 
 
 Dotzert, John 74, 75 
 
 Dougherty, Dr 109 
 
 Dougherty, James J 155 
 
 Doughty, Charles H 86, 204 
 
 Doughty, Harriet M. (Hale) 112 
 
 Doughty, Prof. John W., M. A. . .110, 112, 124, 
 
 2IU 
 
 Dought.v, Mary H 113 
 
 Doughty, Mary T. (DuBois) 113 
 
 Doughty, Sarah 313 
 
 Doughty, Wesley H 113 
 
 Doughty, William B 191 
 
 Doughty, WlUIam H 113 
 
 Doutney, 268 
 
 Dow, Susan C 265 
 
 Downing, Andrew J 69, 160, 163, 196, 197 
 
 Downing, Charles^. . .154, 196, 197, 202, 2a3, 335 
 
 Downing. Mrs. Charles 154 
 
 Downing. C. & A.J 196 
 
 Downing, Caroline E. (DeWint) 160 
 
 Downing. Eunice 196 
 
 Downing, George W 196 
 
 Downing, Mary (Wait) 197 
 
 Downing, Samuel 196 
 
 Doyle, Frank 77 
 
 Doyle, Fred 77 
 
 Doyle, James C 77 
 
 Doyle, J. Farnam 77 
 
 Doyle, Mary (Mclntyre) 77 
 
 Doyle, Hon. Michael. .75, 76, 77, 79, 84, 86, 196, 
 
 172. 191 
 
 Doyle, T. F 324 
 
 Doyle, William 74, 75 
 
 Doyle. William E 77 
 
 Drake, Charles, M. D 89, 162, 163, 172 
 
 Drake, Mary 243 
 
 Draper, Hon. A. S 70 
 
 Drew, Nathaniel 139 
 
 Drlscoll, James 97 
 
 DuBois, Broadhead 113 
 
 Dubois, Colonel 288 
 
 DuBois. Louis 88 
 
 DuBois, Colonel Louis 88 
 
 Dudley, Anna (Fellows) 197 
 
 Dudley. Henry, A. M 126, 197 
 
 Duers, Henry 1:38 
 
 Duffield, Prof 136 
 
 Duffy, 328 
 
 Duffy. Rev. Patrick 133 
 
 Duke, Matthew 95, 107, 122 
 
 DuMuuU, Emma 101 
 
 Dumpsou, Rev. Heury 128 
 
 Dumvillo. Benjamin 146 
 
 Duntrau, Colonel 191 
 
 Duncan. Henry C 191,316 
 
 Duncan, John H 48 
 
 Duncan, Walter 316 
 
 Dungy. Rev, John 128 
 
 Dunlap, James 262 
 
 Dunlap, Margaret R 101 
 
 Dunlap, Samuel 123 
 
 Dunn, George W 331 
 
 Dnun, Nettle 153 
 
 Dunning, Benjamin F 234 
 
 Dunning, Isabelle 234 
 
 Duuphy. Mrs. B. A. (Bannon) 188 
 
 Duuphy, Edward 183 
 
 Dunphy, James G 183 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Duuphy, Jennie 183 
 
 Dunphy, Mary 183 
 
 Dupreze, Captain 297 
 
 Durfee, Holder B 282 
 
 Durgin, H. W 282 
 
 Durkin, M. S 76 
 
 Duryea, Rev. Joseph T., D. D 137 
 
 Dwigiit, Prof. Theodore D ^34 
 
 Eager, Prank S 316 
 
 Eager, Samuel W 158, 169, 172, 185, 316 
 
 Earl & Wilson 317 
 
 Eastep. Rev. R. T 128 
 
 Eaton, Anna 101 
 
 Eaton, David 121 
 
 Eaton, Governor 86 
 
 Eaton, James 151 
 
 Eckerson, Clarence H 101 
 
 Edgar, Grant E 74, 106, 301, 302 
 
 Edgar, Mrs. Grant E 154 
 
 Edgar, Grant E., Jr 302, 30? 
 
 Edgar, John 301, 303 
 
 Edgar, Margaret 302 
 
 Edmonds, Samuel 23 
 
 Edwards, 329 
 
 Edwards, Tiiomas 144 
 
 Egan, J 319 
 
 Eldridge, Judge E. L 70 
 
 Elliott, Miss 156 
 
 Elli-s, Colonel 67, 211 
 
 Ellison, John 30, 33. 53, 53 
 
 Ellison. Thomas 30, a3 
 
 Ellison, Col. Thomas 52 
 
 Eltlng. Capt. E. R 46 
 
 Ely, Augusta (Brown) 137 
 
 Ely, Eliza (Coleman) 89 
 
 Ely, Gertrude (Hardy) 89 
 
 Ely, Moses 89, 127 
 
 Ely, Smith, M. D 86, 89, 105, 167 
 
 Ely, Mrs. Smith 154 
 
 Embler, Charles J 75, 105 
 
 Enibler, Frank H 130, 319 
 
 Embler. George A 81 
 
 Embler, Joseph S 75 
 
 Emery. Abigail (Prescott) 144 
 
 Emery, Adelaide (Brainerd) 145 
 
 Emery, Brainerd Prescott 145 
 
 Emery, Capt. Flavins 144 
 
 Emery, John, Sr 144 
 
 Emery, Moody 144 
 
 Emery. Rev. Rufus 144,149, 150 
 
 Ericsson, John 244 
 
 Ernest, Jolm, Jr 47 
 
 E.smoud, Darwin W 160, 1S9 
 
 Esmond & Ward 160 
 
 Estabrook, Charles. . .105, 111. 112, 129,145, 151 
 
 Estabrook, Frank E 70,105, 112 
 
 Estabrook, Lillie 105, 112 
 
 Estabrook, Susan E. (Marshall) 112 
 
 Ettrick 51 
 
 Evans, Rev. Israel 36 
 
 Evans, Rev. J. A 129 
 
 Evans, John 17 
 
 Evarts & Peck 184 
 
 Evarts, Hon. Wm. M 45, 47 
 
 Everts, Dr. Orpheus 109 
 
 Fackaer, Capt. Edward.. 46 
 
 Fairbanks, Capt. Henry; 203, 223 
 
 Fairley, Rev. J. W 148 
 
 Fairnian, Colonel 364 
 
 Falls, Hiram 144 
 
 Fancher, Hon. Enoch L.,LL.D. 44, 119, 195, 196 
 
 Fanning, James T 125 
 
 Farley, Rev, Dr. F. A 145 
 
 Farnam, John 76 
 
 Farnam (John) & Co 76 
 
 Farnum, Frederick W 171 
 
 Farragut, Admiral 193 
 
 Farreli, James C 97 
 
 Farrington, 329 
 
 Farriiigton, Daniel 77, 131, 266 
 
 Farrington. E 329 
 
 Farrington, Ezra 76, 77, 185, 383, 324 
 
 Farrington, E. W 169,170, 172, 263 
 
 Farrington, J. McC 181 
 
 Farrington, Thomas 107 
 
 Farrington, Rev. Thomas T 121, 335 
 
 Fawcett, Maria W 101 
 
 Fay, 323 
 
 Fay, A 324 
 
 Feber, Abram 18 
 
 Feber, Catharine I8 
 
 Feber. Isaac 13 
 
 Febore, Andre le 87 
 
 Febore, Simon le 87 
 
 Felter, Blanche E loi 
 
lO 
 
 PERSONAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Feutou, George W liiii 
 
 Feuton, James 46 
 
 Fentou, John B Tfi 
 
 Feutou, John W., M. D S6. 121 
 
 Fergusuu, dZi 
 
 Ferry, Capt. Darius 45 
 
 Ferry, Emily (Dowuiug) 1% 
 
 Ferry & Napier 03. 2Hr. 
 
 Ferry. Sylvester 1% 
 
 Fiekelsseu, Rev. F. F. 1 Jll 
 
 Fleldinj; & Moscow 213 
 
 FiekiB. William 244 
 
 Flere. Anna Jlaria IS 
 
 Flare, Daniel 18 
 
 Flnck, 329 
 
 Flneke. Major C. L 45 
 
 FimUey. Rev. J. G. D 142. 143 
 
 Fimlley, Mrs. J. G. D lU 
 
 Fiudley, Mary L. (Gormley) 143 
 
 Fluilley, Hou. WiUiani 143 
 
 Fimlley, Rev. WiUiani, D. D 143 
 
 Flndley. William F 313 
 
 Finnegau. W 329 
 
 Finley, Alexander 32(> 
 
 Fischer, Johannes 18, 1!) 
 
 Fischer, Maria Barbara \S 
 
 Fish, Elizabeth l.>i 
 
 Fisher, Rev. Isaac M 131 
 
 Fisher, James W 328, 329 
 
 Fisk, Jonathan 94, 158. :^ 
 
 Fisk. Clark & Flayg 317 
 
 Fitch, Charles E 181 
 
 Fitehey, John 07 
 
 Fitzfierald. Brln. -General Louis 45 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Nicholas F 97 
 
 Fitzpatrick, P.J 329 
 
 Fitzsimnions, Rev. Patrick 14fi 
 
 Flanagan, Anna E lui 
 
 Flansburgh, David H 143, 149 
 
 Fienmilng. James 123 
 
 Fletcher, Rev. Dr 145 
 
 Foote, Dr. C. C 89 
 
 Foote, Ebenezer 185, 3;il) 
 
 Force, E 94 
 
 Ford, T 329 
 
 Forrest, Robert 121 
 
 Forson, David H 309 
 
 Forson & Ross 309 
 
 Forsyth, Anna B. (Hyer) 13(> 
 
 Forsyth, John 94. 262 
 
 Forsyth, John, Sr 13fi 
 
 Forsyth, Rev. John, D. D., LL. D.43, 44, 47, TO, 
 
 79, 98, 105, llti, 119, 122, 135, 13C, 141, 172, 262, 
 
 :J35 
 
 Forsyth, John W 91, 97 
 
 Forsyth, Robert A 171,262 
 
 Forsyth. Robert L 17^ 
 
 Fortune, James 12^^ 
 
 Foster, Elnathan 125 
 
 Foster. Peter 20i) 
 
 Foster, William 191 
 
 Fowler, Daniel W 163 
 
 Fowler, Dr. David 15H 
 
 Fowler, Emory 139 
 
 Fowler, Gen. Gilbert 158, 167 
 
 Fowler, Henry D 167 
 
 Fowler, Isaac 163. 2.^1 
 
 Fowler, Isaac Sebring 106, 234, SfW 
 
 Fowler. J 329 
 
 Fowler, Jacob lOfi 
 
 Fowler, Dr. John 267 
 
 Fowler, Lucretia A 16:1 
 
 Fowler, Mary 267 
 
 Fowler, Matthew V. B 131 
 
 Fowler, Morris 22 
 
 ."^owler. Nancy M. (Merrill) IW 
 
 Fowler, Nehemiah 76, HJO, 163 
 
 Fowler, Saranel 125 
 
 Fowler, Samuel, Sr 125 
 
 Fowler, Thomas Powell 234 
 
 Fowler, Walker 106 
 
 France, Eltlng D. E 309 
 
 Eraser. Judge William F 102 
 
 Frazer, James, Sr 139 
 
 Frazer, John 123, 140 
 
 Frazier, Capt. Isaiah 46 
 
 Fredriksen, Oscar 327 
 
 Freeman, Rev, Jonatlian 117, 119 
 
 Freniout, General 113 
 
 French, Rev. Dr 132 
 
 Frere, Hugo 87 
 
 Frothlugham, Lieut. Col. J. B 4rp 
 
 Fullagar, Kclsey 45 
 
 Fuller, ;«9 
 
 Fuller. George W 150 
 
 ['A(_ii;. 
 
 Fullei'tou, Rev. Matthew L i:'6 
 
 Fullertou, Capt. .S. W "'^ 
 
 Fullertoa, Hon. Steplien W.-iWi, 164, 165, 20;), 
 282 
 
 Fullertou, Hon. William 160, 169,201 
 
 Furman, Cluirlotle M IM 
 
 Furman, Nathan 22 
 
 Gniley, Joslah 122 
 
 Gaines. Rev. J. H 1-^ 
 
 (iaius, John 325 
 
 Galatlnu, Clark B -1^'. 91 
 
 (;alatirtn.Erwin 211 
 
 Gnlatian. Luella 101 
 
 Gallaghei-, Rev. Mason 147 
 
 Gait. Clarence H 2iU 
 
 Gait, Eveline (Roberts) 2i)5 
 
 Gait. John 136. IMl, 2ii4. 2it5. :m 
 
 Gait, J. Randolph '-(i4 
 
 (!ano, Cliaplalu 4(1 
 
 Gardluer, William 94 
 
 Gardiner, Cicero A 96, 97, 325 
 
 Gardner, Major Asa B 45 
 
 Gardner, George 27, 83 
 
 Gardner, John M 160 
 
 Gardner, Silas 170 
 
 Gardner, Silas D 205 
 
 Garner, Henry 75, 86 
 
 Garnet, Rev. George 128 
 
 Garrison, 329 
 
 Garrison, Commodore C. K 282 
 
 Garrison, E 139 
 
 Garrison, Mrs. Isaac 153 
 
 Gartzmanu, Giistav, M. D 45. 86 
 
 Gates. General 27, 32, ^i. 36, 39, 52. 53 
 
 Gates, Mrs 36 
 
 Gates, Lieut. Col. Theodore B 46 
 
 Gavey, Thomas W 140 
 
 Gazlay. Ward M 94, 177, 179 
 
 Gearn. Charles 267 
 
 Gearu. Frank F 267 
 
 Gearn, Fred A 267 
 
 Gearn. George 142, 155, 267 
 
 Gearu, George F 267 
 
 Gearn, Glorlaua 267 
 
 Gearn, Henry 267 
 
 Gearn, John H 267 
 
 Gearn, Walter R 267 
 
 Gearn, Walter AV 69, 105, 267 
 
 Gearn, WilUani 267 
 
 Geddes, John, Sr 142 
 
 Gedney, David 1U6 
 
 Gedney, Judge 161 
 
 George, George 328 
 
 George II 107 
 
 George, King 243 
 
 George, Hon. Thomas 61. 1(15, 165, 178 
 
 Gelssenhalner. Rev. Dr 149 
 
 Gerard & Boyd 107, 141 
 
 Gerard, Franklin. .84, 14-1,213,214 2.i7, :K.3, 324 
 
 Gerard & Halsey 131 
 
 Gerard, Mary 3112 
 
 Gerard, Wessel S iH) 
 
 Gerard, W. H 169, 303 
 
 Gerecke, Frt-derick W 81, 84 
 
 Gerow, Ciarksoii T 32(1 
 
 Gerow, Fanniy G 320 
 
 Gibb, Cornelius S 75, 76, 79 329 
 
 Gibb, David 1J5 
 
 Glbh, Eliza (Reed) 79 
 
 Glbb, Louisa 70 
 
 Gibb, Samuel 79 
 
 Gilbert, 336 
 
 Gilbert, Justice ci 
 
 Giles, Rev. Samuel 128 
 
 Gill. J 133 
 
 Gillespie, Rev. D. D :jil 
 
 Gillespie. WllllamG mo 
 
 Gillies & Scliultz '>]H 
 
 Glilles. Schultz & Crum 218 
 
 Gllniore, Henry i;j;j 
 
 Givens, Rev. .John V J29 
 
 Glassey.J 13 
 
 Gleason, Rev. W. H. D. D 98, 132, 220 
 
 Glea.son, W. Stanton, M. D 86. 220 
 
 Glynn. Patrick J i)] 
 
 Godwin Park ]f^ 
 
 (ioetchius, H, B 326 
 
 Goetchlus, John E 2O8 
 
 Goklie, 32f^ 
 
 Goldsiiilth, John K u;o 
 
 Good, Heury, Sr 150 
 
 Goodale. Cynthia Augu.sta 217 
 
 Goodale, James Harvey '>]■; 
 
 Goodale, Mary E. (Gale) :»|7 
 
 Goodale, Silas King 217 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 t luudale, Wllllairi Harvey 217 
 
 Gondhue, William 266 
 
 Goodrich. Alfrerl 91, 21^ 
 
 (ioodrlch. Charles T 76. 13(1. 191, 216 
 
 Goodrich, Hattle E. (Jcnkinson) 217 
 
 Goodsell, .Tohn 101.171,199 
 
 Gorilnn. C. J '^26 
 
 Gordon, Ellzalieth L 101 
 
 fJonlon, General 12<) 
 
 Gordon, Hattio W 101 
 
 Gordon, James. M. D 86, 89, !ki, 1 14 
 
 <;ordon, .John 1*1. 204 
 
 Gordon, (John) & Co 204 
 
 Gordon, Joseph 1*^ 
 
 Gordon, Nettle W. (Johnston) 90 
 
 Gorhaui, J(.hu R., Sr 307 
 
 Gorhain, Walter H 140. 141, 316 
 
 Goring. Tlionis.m E 270 
 
 Gormly, John A l-^-'^ 
 
 Gorrle, Rol)ert Hall 319, 320 
 
 Gorrie, Mrs. R. H 156 
 
 Goit, JohnW 201 
 
 Gould, 329 
 
 Gouldy , Francis 125, 192 
 
 Gouldy. Jennie A 153 
 
 Gouldy, Mary E 153 
 
 Gourley, Robert 120 
 
 Gowen, President 234 
 
 Graff & Co 320 
 
 Graham, 328 
 
 Graham, Commodore 3.35 
 
 Graham, George G., M. D 160 
 
 Graham, Helen C 161 
 
 Graham. Hon. James G. . .42, 4-1, 68, 69, 70, 76. 
 lOfi, 147, \m, 176, 181, 189. aJl 
 
 Graham. Dr. James G 160 
 
 Graham, James G., Jr 160. 161, 331 
 
 Graham, Margaret J. (Kuapp) 161 
 
 Grant, Dr. C. W 202 
 
 Grant, Ulysses S 67,77, 193,209, 211, :i35 
 
 Grant, James C - 75, 76 
 
 Graves, 268 
 
 Gray, Miss E. K 153 
 
 Gray, E. W 144, 177, 216 
 
 Gray. Rev. James M 1 18 
 
 Gray. Rev. John ;J:il 
 
 Greattou, Col ;J2 
 
 Greatton, Brlg.-Gen'l John 41 
 
 Greeley. Horace 193 
 
 Green, George W 199 
 
 Greene, General Nathaniel 33, 'M, 52, 195 
 
 Greene, Prof 2<.ll 
 
 Greene, Louise D 310 
 
 Greer, Elizabeth 220 
 
 Greer. James 123 
 
 Gregory, Rev, (J. H i:^ 
 
 Gregory, L. B llR), 105 
 
 Gregory, Samuel 1 94 
 
 Gregory, Thomas 101 
 
 Griffing, Capt. John C 45 
 
 Grimth, Rebecca (Barnes) 78 
 
 GrifHth, Robert 78 
 
 Grimth. Mrs. (Peck) 78 
 
 Griggs, J. C 316 
 
 Grimley.Rev. J. 1 266 
 
 Gross. W. H 326 
 
 (ruerusey. Judge 2S;{ 
 
 Gulch, Anna Catherine 18 
 
 Gulch, IMelchlor 18. 19 
 
 Gurnee, Judge ii^» 
 
 Guthrie, Captain Arthur 45 
 
 Haigh. Edward 74, 147, 189 
 
 Halght, Nelson nm 
 
 Haines, ■,';2h 
 
 Haines, Andrew G 67 
 
 Haines Brothers 67, (V^ 
 
 Halue-s, Charles D 67 
 
 Haines. David S 67 
 
 Haines, Elmer T 67 
 
 Haines, John D f,7 
 
 Haines, Provosts 105, 145,253 
 
 Halt. Eliza 307 
 
 Halt, John 3^)7 
 
 Hale, Major Lewis 112 
 
 ' Hall, ^ 329 
 
 Hall, Anna B. (Bond) I2(t 
 
 Hall, Dr. B. R 168,288,^)6 
 
 Hall, Rev. Charles Cuthbert ia5 
 
 Hall, G. A., State Secretary Y. M. C. A. 70. 151 
 
 Hall, Rev. James 12-8 
 
 Hull, Mary Alice 264 
 
 Hall, W.B 151 
 
 Hull, Rev. William K., D. D. . . .44, 70, 119, 120, 
 
 141, 158, 181 
 Hallock, Nicholas 18-1 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Halsey. 328. 329 
 
 Halsey, Lewis B 74 
 
 Halstead, Berrlan 106 
 
 Halstead, Charles B 218 
 
 Halstead, Charles H 75, 218 
 
 Halstead, Charles, Jr 172, 323 
 
 Hamlll James 324,325, 335 
 
 Hamilton, 113 
 
 Hamilton. Harriet (Bontecou) 212 
 
 Hanilltim, Hugh 74, 96 
 
 Hamilton, James 94, 212 
 
 Hamilton, James T 97, 323 
 
 Hamilton. Margaret 101 
 
 Hamilton, Robert J 212 
 
 Hamllttm, Robert W 97 
 
 Hamilton, William 140, 176 
 
 Hamlin, Rev. F 139 
 
 Hancock. General 45,67, 109 
 
 Haneon, 326 
 
 Hancon, John 324 
 
 Hand, Adjutant General 35 
 
 Hanford, J. C 305 
 
 Hanmer, William S 76, 125 
 
 Hanniore, Benjamin 199, 328 
 
 Hanmore, Louis E.., M. D 86 
 
 Hanuau, William F 91 
 
 Hausbrough, Henry C 279 
 
 Harcourt, Charles A 75, 311 
 
 Harcourt, Charles H 189 
 
 Hardenburgh. J. C. S 208 
 
 Harding, Chester 193 
 
 Harding, William 26 
 
 Hardy, Charles W 89 
 
 Hare. Rev. <i. S., D. D 43,125 
 
 Harney, George A 146 
 
 Harney, J. E 131 
 
 Harper, J. Abuer 55 
 
 Harper, J. H 313 
 
 Harris, 328 
 
 Harris, C. E 282 
 
 Harris, LP 282 
 
 Harris, John &1 
 
 Harris, Louis A., M. D 86 
 
 Harris. Mlnard 94 
 
 Harris, Thomas 328 
 
 Harris. William A 244 
 
 Harrison, James 145, 151, 191 
 
 Harrison, J. J. E 97 
 
 Harrison, Joshua 145 
 
 Harrison, Steele 130 
 
 Harrison, William 69, 1U5, 106, 107 
 
 Harrison, William R 301 
 
 Hart, Capt. Arthur B 45 
 
 Harter, Eugene W., A. B 101 
 
 Hartshorn, Charles 95 
 
 Harvey, Dr. A. B 206 
 
 Harvey. Rev. C. A., D. D 908 
 
 Hasbrouc, Abraham 87 
 
 Hasbrouc, Jean 87 
 
 Hasbrouck, Charles 106 
 
 Hasbrouck, Charles H 105, 169, 170 
 
 Hasbrouck, Eli 83,181, 189,328 
 
 Hasbrouck, E. R 46 
 
 Hasbrouck, Col. H. C TO 
 
 Hasbrouck, Jonathan 22, 23, 26, 35, 88 
 
 Hasbrouck, Oscar 106 
 
 Hasbrouck, William C 106, 159, 813 
 
 Haaklns, John 145 
 
 Hastings, James Ut5, 106, 106 
 
 Hastings. Mary A. (Brown) 108 
 
 Hathaway. CHlcU S 61, 169, 172 
 
 Hathaway, OdoU S., Jr 97 
 
 Hatfield, ^ 
 
 Hathaway, W 328 
 
 Haubeunestel, Capt. Wm 45 
 
 Havelock, 193 
 
 Havemeyer, A. H 56, 126 
 
 Havemeyor, C 328 
 
 Havllaud, Kev. Oscar 145 
 
 Havilaud, Thomas T 331 
 
 Hawkins, Rev. E 13S 
 
 Hawkius, W 329 
 
 Hawkins, W. H 323 
 
 Hawkins. William 138, 323, SH 
 
 Hawley, Hon. Joseph R 45, 47 
 
 Hawtliorne, George 123 
 
 Hawthorne, Thomas M 105 
 
 Hawxhurst, Rev j. H 145 
 
 Hayden, Capt. Henry 1 45 
 
 Hays, Archibald 97 
 
 Hays, Hugh M 97 
 
 Hayt, Col. Edward D 4,; gjg 219 331 
 
 Hayt, Jansen & Wells 219 
 
 Hayt, Nathaniel B 74 219 305 
 
 Hayt, N. B. &E. D ' ' g 
 
PERSONAL INDEX. 
 
 II 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Hayt, Stephen 218 
 
 Hayt, (Stephen) & Sou 218 
 
 Hayt, Stephen & Co 305 
 
 Headley. Hon. Joel T. . . .42, 44, 45, 47, 160, 193 
 
 Headley, Russel 76, 160, 165 
 
 Heaflley, Mrs. Russel 153 
 
 Heard, James 45 
 
 Heard, John S., M. D 86 
 
 Heard, William 144 
 
 Heath. Maj. Gen'l 29,30,32, 33,34,36,40 
 
 Hedge & Lee 227 
 
 Heinz Bros. So Co 292 
 
 Hem mingway, Milton 245 
 
 Henderson, Andrew 123 
 
 Henderson, Ida R 101 
 
 Hendersou, W 329 
 
 Henderson, William J 91 
 
 Henriclce, Christian.. 18, 19 
 
 Henry, Caleb Sprague, D.D 201 
 
 Henry, John 146 
 
 Henry, Rev. Johu C 146, 147 
 
 Henry, Patrick 161 
 
 Henry, Sarah (Dorriau) 147 
 
 Hepp, August 3:54 
 
 Herbert John E 155 
 
 Herbert, Patriclt 97 
 
 Herman, Fred 75, 155 
 
 Hermauee, Rev, Fields 145 
 
 Hermauee, Rev, J, P 139 
 
 HerreschofEs, (The) 328 
 
 Heron, John 33, 146 
 
 Heustis, Henry 306 
 
 Hewitt, Samuel J 80 
 
 Hewitt, Samuel J., Jr 97 
 
 Heyer, Rev. William S 131 
 
 Higby, Dr. Moses 53, 51 
 
 Higby, William S 76 
 
 Higginson, Anna E 186 
 
 Higginson, Henry C -251, 252, 328 
 
 Hilton. Anna 201 
 
 Hilton, Anna L. (Turnerl 201 
 
 Hilton, Bertha 201 
 
 HUton, Clai-a 201 
 
 Hilton, Edith 201 
 
 Hilton, Mary Ella 201 
 
 Hilton, Ellen J. (Lawson) 201 
 
 Hilton, Judge Henry 201 
 
 Hilton. James 1,39 
 
 Hilton, John 201 
 
 Hilton, Mrs. John 153 
 
 Hilton, Joseph 201 
 
 Hilton, Minnie 201 
 
 Hilton, Ralph 201 
 
 Hilton, Robert 201 
 
 Hilton, Robert John 201 
 
 Hilton, Samuel 201 
 
 Hilton, Samuel J 176 
 
 Hilton. Sarah 201 
 
 Hilton William 95. 123, 146, 2(«J. 201. 208 
 
 Hilton, William H 70, 75 176, 189, 191, 201 
 
 Hilton, (William) & Sou 105 
 
 HUton, William T 86, 201 
 
 Hinokle, Rev. Geo. W 1.50 
 
 Hirschberg, EUzabeth (McAlle.s) les 
 
 Hirschberg, Henry M 76 
 
 Hirschberg, Hon. M. H. . . .42, 47, 105, 14:J, 160, 
 161, 164, 167, 181. 255. 328 
 
 Hitch, Mrs. F. D I-''''' 
 
 Hoagland, John 94 
 
 Hobart, Right Rev. John H 126, 127 
 
 Hobbs, James ^' 
 
 Hoehlng Rev. A. C 150 
 
 Hoes, Rev. Dr 215 
 
 Hoffman, Gov. John T 195 
 
 Hoffman, Joseph 94, 93, SB 
 
 Hoffman, Mary ^^ 
 
 Holdredge. S. W IW 
 
 Holland. Rev. F. W 1-16 
 
 Homer Ramsdell Transportation Co., (The) 
 26, 70, 228, 2.32. 248. 309 
 
 Hood, General 297 
 
 Hopkins, Rev. Judson H , 141 
 
 Horubeck, Henry D 215 
 
 Horton, 1 M 
 
 Hortou, Eugene B 101 
 
 Horton, James E 76 
 
 Horton, Jeremiah 205 
 
 Hovey. Henry 282 
 
 Howard, Gen'l O, 1™ 
 
 Howe, General 32, 36, 41 
 
 Howell, Anna H. (Lester) 115 
 
 Howell, Benoni H 94, 97, 177 
 
 Howell, Charles J Ml. 151 
 
 Howell, Mrs. O. J 154 
 
 Howell, David 26 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Howell, Frances (Nicholas) 115 
 
 Howell, John T., M. D 86 
 
 Howell, Julia A 115 
 
 Howell, MargaretO 115 
 
 Howell, Olive (Belknap) 114 
 
 Howell, Rensselaer 114, 115, 119 
 
 Howell, Reu.sselaer N 115 
 
 Howell, Rensselaer, Sr 114 
 
 Howell, William T 101 
 
 Hoysradt, Grace 220 
 
 Hoysradt, J. W 220 
 
 Hoyt, Rev. J. c 145 
 
 Hubbard, E., Jr 323 
 
 Hubbard, George 192 
 
 Huddelson, Robert 84 
 
 Hudson, Daniel 117 
 
 Hughes. Bishop 133 
 
 Hughes, Mary Ellen 250 
 
 Hull, Dr. A. G IIKI 
 
 Hull, Amelia J. F 1,54 
 
 Hull, Dr. Duane 182, 183 
 
 Hull, FriiukS 125, 1.52, 179. 182.183 
 
 Hull. Ida (Weygant) ia3 
 
 Hull, Marjorie W 183 
 
 Hull, Sarah S 182 
 
 Hull, Stanley W 183 
 
 Hulse, George E 94 
 
 Hunn, 56 
 
 Hunn, John S 171 
 
 Hunn, Peter F 158, 331 
 
 Hunt, Francis W 212 
 
 Himt, George 248 
 
 Hunt, Peter 324 
 
 Hunt, Peter F 212 
 
 Hunt, R. S &1 
 
 Hunter. Amanda (Theall) 203 
 
 Hunter. Ezra 1 125. 203 
 
 Hunter. General 143 
 
 Hunter. Dr. George :108 
 
 Hunter. Helen R 101 
 
 Hunter. Heury J 262 
 
 Hunter. William G 262 
 
 Hunter, William, Jr 211 
 
 Hunter. Sarah 308 
 
 Huntington, Brig.Geu'l .32 
 
 Husted, Hon. James W 219, 281 
 
 Hutchins, John N 101 
 
 Hutchins, S. C 181 
 
 Hyer Sheehan Electric Motor Co 63 
 
 Hylon, 329 
 
 Hyndman, Robert 142, 143 
 
 Hyndman. William H 160 
 
 Ide, E :i28 
 
 Ide, George B. & Co 263 
 
 Ironmonger, Frank 106 
 
 Isaacs, Rev. A. S., Ph. D 143 
 
 Iselln, 328 
 
 Irvin, Joseph C 205 
 
 Irving. Rev. Dr 144 
 
 Irwin, Daniel 284 
 
 Jack, Rev. Alexander B 122,135,137 
 
 Jackson, General 193, 199 
 
 Jackson, J. C 138 
 
 Jackson, Brlg-Genl. R. H 45 
 
 Jackson, Rev. William 138 
 
 Jacobs, Ada Louise 218 
 
 Jacobs Baking Powder Co 218 
 
 .Jacobs, Bessie May 218 
 
 Jacobs. Eugene Ward 218 
 
 Jacobs, Gilbert E 217 
 
 Jacobs, George H 217 
 
 Jacobs, Lucy A 217 
 
 Jacobs, Mary Ward (Muun) 218 
 
 Jacobs, William H 217 
 
 Jacobus. Charles C 292 
 
 Jacobson, Frank A., M. D 86 
 
 Jagger, Rev. S. H 141, 298 
 
 James, Hon. Thomas L 181 
 
 Jami.son, Johu 169, 177 
 
 Jamison, Thomas J 141 
 
 Janes, Bishop 138 
 
 Jauuicky, Charles 178 
 
 Janseu. Mary E 101 
 
 Jansen, Sally 53 
 
 Jarvi.s, Capt. J. M 46 
 
 Jay, 113 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas 177 
 
 Jenkins, Caroline E. (Macy) 175 
 
 Jenkins, Charles S...42, 172, 173, 174, 175, 328 
 
 Jenkins, Mrs. Charles S 153 
 
 Jenkins, Hannah B 220 
 
 Jenkins, James R 220 
 
 Jenkins, William B 175 
 
 JenklnHou,Capt. Isaac 217 
 
 Jennings, Lewis 15-1 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Jerome, Watson 91 
 
 Jessup. Sylvanus 94 
 
 Jessup Thomas 131 
 
 Jewell, 329 
 
 Jewett, Hugh J 2:51 
 
 Johanscn, G 326 
 
 Johnes, F.ilw.ird R 105 
 
 Johnes, Mrs. E. R 56 
 
 Johnson, .\ndrew 76, 142 
 
 Johnson, F .327 
 
 Johnson. Rev. Henry T 138,150 
 
 Johnson, L. F 138 
 
 Johnson, Peter 19 
 
 Johnson, Rev. T. W 129 
 
 Johnston & Alsdorf 301 
 
 Johnstou, President Andrew 185 
 
 Johnstou, Andrew M 160 
 
 Johnstou, Beverly K 208 
 
 Johustiii), Charles 76, 140, 141 
 
 Johnstou, Capt. Charles 301 
 
 Johnston, Elvira S. (Beatty) 208 
 
 Johnston, Frank M 130 
 
 Johnstou, Rev. James R 122 
 
 Johnston, Rev. John, D. D..79, 8:i, 84, 107, 113, 
 
 116, 117, 118, 119, 12:1, 177, 179 
 
 Johnston, Johu A 208 
 
 Johnston, Mary (Bull) 120 
 
 Johnston, Robert 122 
 
 Johnstou, W. C 140 
 
 Johnston, William 1.39 
 
 Johnston, William J 208 
 
 Jones, Auua(Moshier). .: 209 
 
 Jones, Rev. Arthur 44, 130 
 
 Jones, Hiram A 86, 103, 105 
 
 .Tones, Rev. John 129 
 
 Jones. Maria (Moore) 131 
 
 Jones, Hon. Nathaniel 100, 105, 154 
 
 Jones, Rol)ert W 120 
 
 Jones, William, M. D 86 
 
 Jones, William C 209 
 
 Jova. A. v., M. D 86 
 
 Jordan, Capt. F. H 46 
 
 Jordan, J. V 268 
 
 June, Charles F. .205, 32:1, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328 
 
 June, George 323 
 
 June, Jacob 325, 327 
 
 " June, Jennie " 279 
 
 June, Phlneas 327 
 
 Kayne, Alfred, M. D 155 
 
 Kearny, General Philip 195 
 
 Keefe, William H 18:i 
 
 Kelly, James F 182 
 
 Kelly, Johu D 95, 96, 97, 145, 324 
 
 Kelly, John P 47 
 
 Kelly William H. . . .45, 68, 75, 76, 110, 111, 125, 
 
 151, :12H, 329 
 
 Kelly, Mrs. W. H 125 
 
 Kemp, Major Johu H 45 
 
 Kemp, Robert D 172 
 
 Kennedy, Joseph 329 
 
 Kennedy, Miss Letltia 306 
 
 Kenset, J. F 194 
 
 Kernahan, Robert 68, 74, 75 
 
 Kernochan, John A 191 
 
 Kerr, Charles L. C 171, 1T2 
 
 Kerr, Emellne (Ross) 172 
 
 Kerr, George, M. D 114 
 
 Kerr, George W 100, 105, 127, 171, 172, .321 
 
 Kerr, Hon. John B 76, 181, 328 
 
 Kerr, Margaret (Brown) 127, 1?2 
 
 Kerr Rev. Robert 120 
 
 Ketcham, 328 
 
 Ketcham, Frank H 141 
 
 Ketcham, Hon. J. H 45 
 
 Ketcham, Julia 294 
 
 Ketcham, Reeve 160 
 
 Ketcham, Samuel 294 
 
 Kidd Andrew 319 
 
 Kldd & Benjamin 319 
 
 Kldd, D. L 46 
 
 Kldd.J.H 125 
 
 Kilmer, Augustus 252 
 
 Kilmer, E. E 252 
 
 Kilmer, Irving A 252 
 
 Kilmer Manufacturing Co. .63, 79, 190, 191, 2.52 
 
 Kilmer, M. D 252 
 
 Kilmei', T. S 252 
 
 Kilmer, W. A 252 
 
 Kimball, Charles H 265 
 
 Kimball, Charles Heury 265, 266 
 
 Kimball, Ellphalet Bootman 266 
 
 Kimball, Mary Elizabeth 266 
 
 Kimball, Rev. Joseph 107, 122 
 
 Kimball, Moses 260, 323 
 
 Kimball, Sarah Frances 266 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Kimball, Samuel O M, 8(i, 202,265, 266 
 
 Kimball's, S. G., Son 265, 266 
 
 Kimball, S. G. & Sous 265 
 
 Kimball, Thomas 105, 200, 266 
 
 Kimball, William G 141,265, 266 
 
 Klmlicr, Herbert P 178, 179 
 
 Kimber, H. P. & Co 178 
 
 Kimber, Marie A 101 
 
 King, Rev. James B 150 
 
 King, John 128 
 
 King, Gov. John A 158 
 
 King, Rev. L. H 1S9 
 
 King, Richard 101 
 
 King, Stephen 105, 119, 3-28 
 
 King (Stephen) & Co 191 
 
 Kingston, R. J., M. D 86,90, 331 
 
 Kipp, Capt. W. H 45 
 
 Kirkland, Fred T 152 
 
 Kissam, B 178 
 
 Kittel, Dr, Joseph 86 
 
 Klaproth, F 145 
 
 Knapp, Israel 161 
 
 Knapp, Uzal 34, 127 
 
 Kuevels, Isaac A 131 
 
 Knevels, John W 128, 131, 179 
 
 Knoll, Michael Christian 19 
 
 Knox, General 30, a3, 36, 40, 41, 52, 53 
 
 Knox, Mrs 31, 36, 53 
 
 Koch, Johu 91 
 
 Kockerthal, Joshua 18, 22 
 
 Kockerthal, Slbyle Charlotte 18 
 
 Krebs, Rev. Dr 122 
 
 Kretchmar, Capt. C. P 46 
 
 Kripner, John F 145 
 
 Krom, Ella L 
 
 Labonchere, Henry 234 
 
 LaFayette, Marquis de..3(), 52, 55, 56, 127, 199 
 
 Laflln & Rand Powder Co 191 
 
 Lambert, Valentine 139 
 
 Lamdin, J. R 194 
 
 Lander, Benjamin 77 
 
 Landou, Rev. .Seymour 131 
 
 Lane, Rev. Michael 146 
 
 Laugdill, Rev. Mr 132 
 
 Lansing, 328 
 
 Lappe, Charles 326 
 
 Lappe, John 326 
 
 Laraway, Harriet 292 
 
 Lasher, Rev. G. W 130 
 
 Lathrop, L '..'^i^ 
 
 La Tour, A. T 265 
 
 Laureus, Col 29 
 
 Law, Beveredge & Co 262 
 
 Law, James 262 
 
 Lawrence, Grand Master 280 
 
 Lawrence, Omou H 282, '283 
 
 Lawrence, William 117 
 
 Lawson, Andrew 279 
 
 Lawson, Charles J. .1.30, 155, 171, 172, 176, 181, 
 189, 191, 241 
 
 Lawson, Mrs. C. J 153 
 
 Law.son, David 136, 201 
 
 Lawson & Embler 81 
 
 Lawson, George 76 
 
 Lawson, Hannah (Budd) 80 
 
 Lawson, Heury B 75,80 
 
 Lawson, James T 74, 130. 151, 167, 173 
 
 Lawson, Jennie M. (Brown) 81 
 
 Lawson, John 122, 139, 201 
 
 Lawson, John E 170 
 
 Lawson, Johu K 95, 97, 105, 323 
 
 Lawson. Robert 76, 80, 207 
 
 Lawson, S 97 
 
 Lawson, William C 84, 86, 181 
 
 Lay, Rev. Geo. W 150 
 
 Leacock, Rev. Benjamin B., D.D,. . .147, 148 
 
 Leary. 323 
 
 Leary, D 3-24 
 
 Leavltt, 329 
 
 Ledyard, Rev. Edward D 141 
 
 Lee, Major A. B 45 
 
 Lee, General 67 
 
 Lee, Martin L 152 
 
 Lee, Rev. R. P 131 
 
 Leech, William K 292 
 
 Leeper, Joseph M 160 
 
 Leicht, Charles 191 
 
 Leicht, John M 75 
 
 Lefevre, Simon 215 
 
 Lendrum, Agues W 156 
 
 Leudruui, Hiss E. S 156 
 
 Lendrum, George 142 
 
 Leu tllhon, W 326 
 
 Leon, David D 76 
 
 Leonard, 28 
 
12 
 
 PERSONAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 Leonard. Hou. Chaneey M.. .74, 76. 84, IKi, D7. 
 
 98, 4Ua, iTi, 3811, 2H7, 288, 335 
 
 Leonard. D. (lUUs li«i. 105, 169 
 
 Leonard, Henry 31 76, 97,98 
 
 Leonard, H ;138 
 
 Leonard. Hope (Smith) 97 
 
 Leonai-d. James J 98. 301 
 
 Leonard, Rebecca (Smith) 97 
 
 Le Roy, Julia E IM 
 
 Leslie. Augusta 153 
 
 Leslie. Alexander 76 
 
 Leslie, S. J 220, 317, 318 
 
 Lester. Thomas S 115 
 
 Levasseur. M 56 
 
 Leveln. L 326 
 
 Leveridge, Caklass 22 
 
 Lewis, Dr lai 
 
 Lewis, Egbert 46 
 
 Lewis, Rev. Isaac 117 
 
 Lewis, John N 1H5 
 
 Lewis, Captain Stark 224 
 
 Llbosehain, Maria Johanna 18 
 
 Llboschaln, Susanna 18 
 
 Llderer, Baron de 197 
 
 Lilburn, Adam 172 
 
 Lincoln. President Abraham lilS, 143, 173, 
 
 195, 2i:81 
 
 Lludley, A. F 46 
 
 Lindley, A. L 323,329 
 
 Lipsett, Robert 212 
 
 Lisle, William 97, 323. 324. 328 
 
 Litchfield, James A 2S2 
 
 Little, Andrew 140 
 
 Little, John 70, 125, 141,144 
 
 Little. John. Jr 1.55 
 
 Little & Kelly 95, 96. 125. 133, 209 
 
 Livingston. Rev. James 128 
 
 Livingston, James : 128 
 
 Lockstead, George 18 
 
 Lockwood, 329 
 
 Lockwood, Charles S 84 
 
 Lockwood, Davids 75, 86 
 
 Lockwood, D. S. & C. S 79 
 
 Lockwood, Isaac N 316 
 
 Lockwood, John W 175 
 
 Lockwood, M. W 1.54 
 
 Lockwood, R 125 
 
 Lockwood, Rembrandt 13;J 
 
 i^-".'-. -.,!.mes J.. .97, 144, 155. 189, 255, 287, 288 
 
 Logan, Mary A 287 
 
 Logan, Samuel 256 
 
 Logan, Capt. Samuel R 287, 2.S8 
 
 Logan, Major Samuel 288 
 
 Lomas, John 74, 108, 209 
 
 Lomas, George 146 
 
 Lomas, Joseph 76, 185 
 
 Londergan, Margaret E 313 
 
 Lougacre, Rev. Andrew, D. D 125 
 
 LODgacre, James B 125 
 
 Longking, Joseph l;J8 
 
 Lossing, Benson J 160, 181 
 
 Lott & Chambers 316 
 
 Loudon, Mrs 197 
 
 Loudon, Samuel 34, 35 
 
 Louis XIV 17,87 
 
 Louvois, 17 
 
 Lovell, A.J 282 
 
 Low, Hon. Henry R 287 
 
 Low, Josei>h 262 
 
 Lozler, H 76 
 
 Lozier, Samuel 91 
 
 Lundy, Rev. Dr 1+4 
 
 Ludlow, Capt. Charles :}22 
 
 Ludlow. Robert 127 
 
 Lull, Rev. De Loss 125, 139, 151 
 
 Lntorius. Prof. Charles M!t 
 
 Lynch, 323 
 
 Lynch, Bishop 146 
 
 Lynch, Francis 53 
 
 Lynn, William 123, MO 
 
 Lyon, Alfred H 305 
 
 Lyon, Charles H 7(i, 181 
 
 Lyon,.JohnL 101,108 
 
 Lyon. Martin 323 
 
 McAlles, Thomas S 151 
 
 McAllister, R. M 140 
 
 McAlplne, 115 
 
 McAuley, John 93. 94 
 
 McBuruey, 329 
 
 McBurney, Mary 101 
 
 McCain, C. C 256 
 
 McCamley, David 1118 
 
 McCaun, Alex 86. 199 
 
 McCann, Alexander 74, 270 
 
 McCann, Alexander D 269, 270 
 
 I'AUE. 
 
 McCann, A. et M. II Wl 
 
 Mi-Calili. David C 270 
 
 McCann, Henry 69, HI, ITO, 280 
 
 McCaun. Sarah Cavcn 270 
 
 McCann. Tliomas M 112, 113, 168,269, 270 
 
 HcCarrcll. Rev. .loscpli. D. D. . . . 116. IIH, 121, 
 123. 131. 136. 137. 111,267. 302 
 
 McCarey, Charles 22 
 
 McCarey. Patrick 22 
 
 McCiirtce, Rev. Robert, D. D 135 
 
 McCartney, Joseph A 97 
 
 JlcCanslnnd, 328 
 
 McCord, James lEl, «-', 121 
 
 McCormIck, 327 
 
 McCorndck, John 101, 140 
 
 McCoun, Elizabeth 257 
 
 McCoun, Eliza (Waring) 66 
 
 McCoun, Henry T 65, 66, 67, 69, 257 
 
 MiCIiutock, Rev. Dr., 
 
 125 
 
 McCloskey. Cardinal 116, 147 
 
 McCluug, Benjamin 160 
 
 McClung & Dcyo 14.1 
 
 McCrackeu, Johu 91 
 
 McCioskery, Hon. John J. S. . . .43, 17,.74, 75. 
 
 97, 105, 136, 152, 161, 167, 169, 171, 172, 181 
 McCroskci-y, Lewis W. Y.76. 160. 166. 167, 3J1 
 
 McCroskery, Margaret R. (Corwin) 167 
 
 McCullougii, J. Kate (Jamison) 200 
 
 McCullongh. Jolin R 200 
 
 MeCullough, .lohn W 12:1, 199, :i()9 
 
 McCullongh, Sarah D. (McCartney) 20O 
 
 MeCullough. William 199 
 
 McCutcheon. D 328 
 
 McCutcheon, Hugh 97. 105.328, .3:11 
 
 McDonnell. John A 45 
 
 McDougall, John 141 
 
 McDowell, I 328 
 
 McDowell, Johu ;!28 
 
 McElrath. Charles E 155 
 
 McEntyre, Thomas W 91 
 
 McFadden. Agnes 101 
 
 Mcliahcy, :i21 
 
 McGahey, Mrs. Owen 154 
 
 McGiffert & Wands 63, 109 
 
 Mcttill, William L 33, :« 
 
 McGIynn, Rev. Dr 147 
 
 McGregor. John 80 
 
 McGrath, Rev. .John J 146 
 
 McGregor, Gavin R 74 
 
 McHenry, James 2:>4 
 
 Mclntyre, 1:12 
 
 Hclntyre, Mark 77, 1S4 
 
 Mcintosh, Phlneas 157 
 
 McJinipsey, Rev. Dr. John 121 
 
 McKay, Alexander 160 
 
 McKay, W. Johnston 123 
 
 McKenna. Rev. Mr 132 
 
 McKim. Mrs. Haslet 1.54 
 
 McKlm, Mead & White 70 
 
 McKinstry, Stephen 76 
 
 McKlssock, C. S 47 
 
 McKlssock, Hugh 75. 76, 141 
 
 McKlssock, Hon. Thomas 106, 158 
 
 McLaren, D. C 121 
 
 McLaren, Rev. Malcolm A 131 
 
 McLaren, Rev. Malcolm N.. D. D 141 
 
 McLaughlin, S. G 102 
 
 McLean, Rev. A 1:19 
 
 McLean. Arthur A 146, 181, 189, 191 
 
 McMahon, :128 
 
 McMasters, ,Susan 153 
 
 McMi'Ckin, William 96, 12:), 219,220 
 
 McMillan, Rev. Dr 119 
 
 McMullIu, Rev.S. H 118 
 
 McMulliu, S. Hildcburn 140 
 
 McMullin, Rev. Mr 141 
 
 McNally, James J 217 
 
 McNaughton, J. R 46 
 
 McNcal. John i.ni 
 
 McQliaid, PIshop 13.1 
 
 McTiirk. William ;J23 
 
 Me Vicar, James 4(; 
 
 McWilliams, Rev. Alexander 142 
 
 Mabic, Jeremiah D 45. 209.320 
 
 Macdouald. Bcnj. J ]76, 282, 28:1, 28-1 
 
 MacDougall, Major-General 31, :12, 86, 40 
 
 MacDougall, Sawne.v 3(i 
 
 Mace, Benjamin H i^r, 
 
 MacG: egorie. Col. Patrick 52 
 
 Macliin, Captain r^^, 54 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 M.idderi .% I'Mtzgerald 125 
 
 Madlscm, l'-' 
 
 Madison, James 177 
 
 Mageo. ,Iohn W 140, 220 
 
 Mahcr, -lanies 91 
 
 Mai Her, Bartholomew 294 
 
 ,Johu 294 
 
 John D 294 
 
 William K.,110, 111, 168. 169, lT2,29:i, 
 
 Halller 
 Mai Her 
 Malller 
 291 
 Malller 
 Malller 
 Malller 
 Malller 
 
 .Mrs. William K :i03 
 
 , William Ketcham 294 
 
 William K.& Co 29.3,294 
 
 William K. & .Son 291 
 
 Malller. William O. .61, 79. 84, 119, 170, 173, 181, 
 189, 291, :103 
 
 Malller, William O. & Co 191, 293, 294 
 
 Major, Henry ^^^ 
 
 Mallory & Co a:W 
 
 MaloTie, J. D.. M. D 80, 86, :«l 
 
 Malone, Mrs. .lohn Duhig 90 
 
 Manchester, A 282 
 
 Mandcrville, Capt. James S 46 
 
 Maudeville, Rev. U. H 122, 131 
 
 Manning, Chattle Louise 278 
 
 Maunlng, James 278 
 
 Manning, Rev. Moses 128 
 
 Manolt. 328 
 
 Marison, 328 
 
 Manz, Rev. Carl C 149 
 
 Maiiz. Rev. C. G 149 
 
 Manz, Cornelia C. (Lntorius) 149 
 
 Manz, Maria Catherine (Kranshaar) ... 149 
 
 Mapes, :129 
 
 Mapes, A :128 
 
 Mapes, Albert W l;iO, 268, 293 
 
 Mapes, C 328 
 
 Mapes, Charles 45, 76, so, 313 
 
 Mapes, Mrs. Charles 1!'9 
 
 Mapes, Cliarles H 309 
 
 Mapes, Edward 267, :505 
 
 Mapes, George W :1I0 
 
 Mapes, Helen 310 
 
 Mapes, James 309 
 
 Mapes, Lottie E 305 
 
 Mapes, Robert B .309 
 
 Mapes. Mrs. Samuel P 77 
 
 Mapes. Sarah 267 
 
 Mapes & Senior 313 
 
 Mapes, Sidney 310 
 
 Mapes, Thomas 309 
 
 Mapes, William E 136, 151 
 
 Mapes, William H 309. 310 
 
 Mapes. William R 310 
 
 Marcy, Governor 194 
 
 Marsh, Edwarrl J. F 86 
 
 Marshall, Frena 101 
 
 Martin, Ann Vernette Olaydole) 182 
 
 Martin, Cyrus B 105, 179, 180, 181, 182, 3:15 
 
 Martin. Isaac 207, 212, 323 
 
 Martin, Isaac M :l-28 
 
 Martin, J 329 
 
 Martin, James 133 
 
 Martin, John H 151, 217 
 
 Martin, Sarah E 212 
 
 Martin, William F rX 
 
 Marvel, Benjamin 324 
 
 Marvel & Co 71 
 
 Marvel, Thomas S 247, 248, 249, :r23 
 
 Marvel, T. S. & Co (SS, ■>?:!. 247, 248 
 
 Marvel, Thomas S., Jr 248 
 
 Marvin, Albert D 292 
 
 Marvine, Rev. Walter 149, ]50 
 
 Maslin, 11 :a6 
 
 Mason, 309 
 
 Mason. F. H '..'.'.[', k 
 
 Mason. Rev. Dr. John 122 
 
 Mason, Joiin A 76, 178, 179, 189 
 
 Mason, Rev. Dr. John M 121 
 
 Masters, John C -'SM 
 
 Mastin, O 
 
 Dlatlu'ws & Barnes 
 
 Mathews, James H 
 
 Matthews, Rev. Jacob 
 
 Matthews, Elmer E 
 
 Matthews, Rev. George 
 
 Matthews, Jeremiah 
 
 . . :!29 
 .. 293 
 .. 293 
 .. 128 
 . 292 
 .. 128 
 
 Mackle. Mis: 
 
 104 
 
 Mackin, James iy| 
 
 MacLaren, Charles ;}23 
 
 Macnaughtan, R<'v. John, D. D 70, 121 
 
 Macy, Charles E 175 
 
 Matthews, Jolin W 1:10,152, 288, 289, 292, 
 
 :'JI1 
 
 Matthews, (Johu W.) & Co 191 
 
 Matthews, J. W. & Co. .2;j5, 288, 289, 290, 291, 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Maydole, (David) Hammer Co 1^^ 
 
 May, Euphemia 101 
 
 Mead, Charles H W 
 
 Mead. G. W 826 
 
 Mecklem, George 288 
 
 Mecklem. Mary E 288 
 
 Meehan, J. J 69 
 
 Meginn, Arthur 32:1, 324 
 
 Mcllor, Henry C 47, 97 
 
 .Melr..se & .Moss 248 
 
 Mcndier.s, 329 
 
 Mendes, D. F, DeSola 143 
 
 Meredith. Rev. Dr. R. R 150 
 
 Merrill. Nathaniel liU 
 
 Merrltt. Daniel M,, 307, 303 
 
 Merritt, (ii'orge :106 
 
 Merrltt, George H 308 
 
 Merritt, Hiram 807, 308 
 
 Merrltt, Humphrey 306, 307 
 
 Merritt, John, Sr 306 
 
 Merrltt, .Seneca W 45 
 
 .Merritt, Theodore 105, 189, 306, 307 
 
 Merritt, Theodore A -308 
 
 Merritt, Underhin .306, 307 
 
 Merritt, Gen'l Wesley 179 
 
 Meyer, Arthur M 314 
 
 Meyer, P.ev. F. C. A 149, 130 
 
 Meyer, George S 314 
 
 Meyers, Capt. Berthold 46 
 
 Meynders, Burger 18. 19,25,35 
 
 .MIckle, Rev. w. H 44, 46, 125 
 
 MIddleton, George 147 
 
 Miles, Christopher 91 
 
 Mlley, John, D. D 125 
 
 Millard. Rev. C. W 145 
 
 Miller. 329 
 
 Miller. Alanson 201 
 
 Miller. Charles A 97 
 
 Miller. Chrl-stopher B 215 
 
 -Miller. David Jjo. :*«. m 
 
 Jlllier. David C 191 
 
 Miller, David D 125 
 
 Miller, Rev. E. J 129 
 
 Miller. .lames W 121, 181, 306, 328 
 
 Miller, J.Blackburn 214 
 
 Miller. Johannes 56.306 
 
 Miller. John 76,105. 328 
 
 Miller. MlssL 155 
 
 Miller, MaryE 154 
 
 Miller, .s SS 
 
 Miller. Hon. Warner 45 
 
 Miller, Wlliiani 22 
 
 Miller, William C 84,328 
 
 Miiiigan, Rev. Dr. James 122 
 
 Mills. JB 
 
 Mills. Rev. Dr 129 
 
 Mills. Samuel C 86, 126, 170, 17:1, 181, 1S9, 
 
 191, 2:14,295 
 Mills. Mrs. S. C 
 
 Mattlson, 
 
 Maubcy, Jeronu- A.. M. D.. . 
 Maydole, David 
 
 Mills, W.H 
 
 Millspaugh , 
 
 Milspangh, H 
 
 Millspaugh, Dr. Peter 
 
 Millspaugh. (R . K^- Co 
 
 Mitchell. A 
 
 Mitchell. Alice iTrask) 
 
 MItciKdI. EdgarO 
 
 Mllch.dl. Edgar Ormsby 
 
 Mitchell. Experience 
 
 Ititciieil. George R 121, 
 
 Mitchell. J.din Janu-s, M. D 86. 88 
 
 MItcliell. Rev. John Sheffleld 
 
 Mitchell, Marlon 
 
 MItcliell. Piillena B. (Rose) 
 
 Mitchell. Thomas 
 
 Mitchell, William 
 
 Moffat, Almet S 178, 
 
 Moffat, Bethlah Reeder 
 
 Moffat, Currence Bostric 
 
 Moffat, Daniel C 
 
 MolTat, Davhl H 86, 
 
 Moffat, Juliana H 
 
 MolTat.Samnei 
 
 Monell, Elvira 
 
 Monell, Dr. Gilbert C 109. 
 
 MomdI. Hon. .lohn J... 42, 44, 100, 105,153, 
 169, 172,281, :i22 
 
 Monell, Mr.s. John J 
 
 Monell. Mary B , 
 
 Monell. Mary E. (Smith) . ' 
 
 Monell. Samuel 
 
 Moutrort, R. V. K., M. D...;'.;;47;8,;;,;g; 
 
 109, 110, 144, 151, 152 
 Montfort, Theodosla B. iCrowell) 
 Montgomery, James B . 
 
 . 155 
 . 46 
 . S9 
 
 218,239 
 
PERSONAL INDEX 
 
 13 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 llontgomery, S. J 326 
 
 aooney, Very Rev. Dean 133, IM 
 
 lloody, Dwight L 152 268. 335 
 
 Uoore Bartholomew B.,.45, 75, 105, 175, 176, 
 296,297 
 
 aoore, David 61, 74, 1?2, inS 
 
 aoore, (David) & Co 198 
 
 iloore, Eugene 91 
 
 Moore, James 128 
 
 Sloore. John T 75, 191 
 
 Moore, J. Owen 44, 45 
 
 Moore, Michael 131 
 
 Morgan, Alexander 76, 91 
 
 Morgan, E 336 
 
 Morgan, Governor Edwin D 211 
 
 Morgan, Capt. F. B. S 47 
 
 Morison, Alexander 75 
 
 Morrell, John 22 
 
 Morrell, Thomas 22 
 
 Morris, H. D 178 
 
 Morris, John E 212 
 
 Morrison, 32S, 329 
 
 Morrison, David A 211 
 
 Morrison, Hamilton 211 
 
 Morrison, John 211 
 
 Morrison, Maria (Mould) 211 
 
 Morrison, Mary B. (Lipsett) 212 
 
 Morrison, Eobt 22 
 
 Morse, George F 46 
 
 Morse, Miss K. F 133 
 
 Morton, Bliss & Co 2:?4 
 
 Morton, Burns & Co 2S4 
 
 Morton, Major 328 
 
 Moscow, Charles E 213 
 
 Moshier, :323 
 
 Moshier, Caroline (Tilton) 209 
 
 Moshier, Elijah 209 
 
 Moshier, George 76, S4, 130, 209 
 
 Moshier, George , Jr 209 
 
 Moshier, Harrison 325 
 
 Moshier, Howard P :325 
 
 Moshier, James :123, 325 
 
 Moshier,John 323 
 
 Moshier, Mabel 209 
 
 Moshier, Piatt -325 
 
 Moshier, Wash 325 
 
 Mott, Valentine, M. D 86, 88 
 
 Mould, Christoflel 211 
 
 Mould, Jonathan 211 
 
 Muhleman, Gotleih 130 
 
 Mulr, Mnnson G 51 
 
 MuUermeaux, M. H 16'J 
 
 Mulllner, A. C 185 
 
 Mundy, Mr 194 
 
 Munsell, Joel D 184 
 
 Munzenheirner G 326 
 
 Murray, Capt. John W 45 
 
 Murray, Rev. Nicholas, D. D 141 
 
 Muxtfeldt, Edward M 75 
 
 Murtf eldt & Krom 191 
 
 Murtha. 329 
 
 Muse, Capt. W.S 45 
 
 Myer, Captain 55 
 
 Myers, Rev. H. V. S., D.D 132 
 
 Myers, W. H 46 
 
 Naoman, ^^ 
 
 Napoleon 193 
 
 Neafie & Levy 223 
 
 Neill, Hugh 151 
 
 Nelson, George F 178 
 
 Nelson, Lieut 36 
 
 Nestell, G 329 
 
 Newcomb, Col 107 
 
 Newman, Dr 306 
 
 Nichols, Francis E 284 
 
 Nichols, Henry F., M. D 86 
 
 Nichols, Moses 115 
 
 Nicola, Colonel ■ 38 
 
 Nieoll, H. D 328 
 
 Nlven, Daniel 12*) 
 
 Niven, Daniel, Jr 94 
 
 Niven, Hon. Thornton M.... 121, 157, 169, 170, 
 172, 199, »2, 309 
 
 Nixon, Edward 179 
 
 Nixon, William 69, 97, 176, 257 
 
 Nolle, Lewis 46 
 
 Norris, Eev. Richard 128 
 
 Norseng, 327 
 
 North, Rev. C. R 139 
 
 North, S.D 326 
 
 Northcott, T. C 70 
 
 Nott, Rev. Dr. Ellphalet 194 
 
 Noyes, Aaron 170 
 
 Nutt, John J 1 
 
 Oaldey & Davis 26, 27, 202 
 
 PAOB. 
 
 Oaltley, Hannah P 294 
 
 Oakley, Isaac K 169, 260 
 
 Oakley, Jackson 76, 303 
 
 Oakley, Jacob 294 
 
 Oakley, Jesse 268, 282 
 
 Oakley, Jesse & Co 26S 
 
 Oakley, Lieut. J. K. R 108 
 
 Oakley, L. & J 2S2 
 
 Oakley, Martha 301 
 
 Oakley, Samuel 301 
 
 Oakley, Susan 303 
 
 O'Brien, P .324 
 
 O'Brien , S 326 
 
 O'Couor, Charles 160, 234 
 
 O'Connor, Fr,ancis B 261 
 
 Odell, Hon. Benjamin B. .67, 68, 70, 74, 75, 91, 
 111, 176, 181, 280, 324 
 
 Odell, Benjamin B., Jr 176, 191, 280, 281 
 
 Odell, H. B -280, 281 
 
 Odell, Isaac 280 
 
 Odell, Mary A 280 
 
 O'Donovan, William Rudolph 48 
 
 O'Farrell, Bishop 146 
 
 Ogden, James 45 
 
 Olmstead, 69 
 
 Olney, Nancy 206 
 
 Olney, Stephen -206 
 
 O'Malley, James E., M. D 86 
 
 O'Nell, .3'23 
 
 O'Reilly, Rev. Edward J 133 
 
 O'Reilly. Rev. Philip 13:1 
 
 Orr, James 270, '278, 279 
 
 Orr, John 1.55 
 
 Ormiston, Rev. William, D. D 135 
 
 Osbon, Rev. A. M., D. D 129, 138, 139, 145 
 
 Osbon, Rev. Ellas S., D. D 139 
 
 Osbon, Hattie Curtiss 139 
 
 Osbon, Nellie 139 
 
 Osbon, Sade J. (Phllps) 139 
 
 Osborn, David A 310, 311 
 
 Ostrander, S. G 97 
 
 Ostrander, Linus 132 
 
 Ostrom, 329 
 
 Oulton, Michael J 91 
 
 Oviatt, Lieut. -Col. M. N 45 
 
 Owen, Maria Gillespie 311 
 
 Owen, Nelson 311 
 
 Owen, Samuel J 311 
 
 Pack, M. Theresa 293 
 
 Paine, 118 
 
 Palmer, 101 
 
 Palmer, Rev. Aaron F 1;J8 
 
 Palmer, Thomas 23, 117 
 
 Parish, Mrs. Daniel 301 
 
 Parker. Dr. Willard 193, 194 
 
 Parker. Rev. John 125 
 
 Parmalee & Robinson 288 
 
 Parmenter, Samuel 179 
 
 Parsons, Frederick W 130 
 
 Parsons, Sophia H 293 
 
 Patterson, 328 
 
 Patterson, Alex 95 
 
 Patterson, Brig-General John 32, 41 
 
 Patton, Adam 140 
 
 Patton, James 169, 172, 199 
 
 Patton, Mrs. William 208 
 
 Paulsen, 327 
 
 Payne, Charles 325 
 
 Peaslee, Dr. E. R 89 
 
 Peck, Abraham 86 
 
 Peck, Anna 86 
 
 Peck, Bros 298 
 
 Peck, Catharine A 86 
 
 Peck, Catharine I. (Millard) 86 
 
 Peck, Charles A 105 
 
 Peck, Dr. Ellas 86,298, .306 
 
 Peck, Elizabeth 86 
 
 Peck, George 315, 316 
 
 Peck, George G 141 
 
 Peck, Jeremiah 86 
 
 Peck, John B 86, 298 
 
 Peck, Jonathan C 311 
 
 Peck, Thomas M 86, 298 
 
 Peck, Van Daltaen & Co 311 
 
 Peck & Van Daltsen 177, 191, 201, 311, 312 
 
 Peck, William 86 
 
 Peck, WllllamE 10.5, 311 
 
 Peck, W. E. & J. C 311 
 
 Peirson Charles H 130 
 
 Pellieux, Rev . Augustine 116 
 
 Penny, Joseph 101 
 
 Penny, Maria 327 
 
 Penny, Very Rev. William L., V. F. ... 134 
 
 Perkins, Friend W 63,84, 191 
 
 Perkins, George C 139 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Perrott, David 1.50 
 
 Perry, Rev. Richard 1;18 
 
 Peters, George W 76, 116, 191 
 
 Peters, Wm. T 46 
 
 Pettingale, Major 26 
 
 Pettit, Capt. George H 45 
 
 Petty, Charles E 1 II 
 
 Phelan, Rev. Michael J 116 
 
 Phillips, 328. 329 
 
 Phillips, Adah H 1.54 
 
 Phillips, James H 74, 139, 311 
 
 Phillips, John D 307 
 
 Phillips, Lomas & Randall 204 
 
 Phillips, Spencer C 47 
 
 Phillips, Willard M 151 
 
 Pingry, Rev. T. F 109 
 
 Pitts, Ellas 177 
 
 Pitts, Elizabeth (Jamison) 177 
 
 Pitts, Margaret (Whited) 177 
 
 Piatt. Isaac 184 
 
 Piatt, John 1 184 
 
 Piatt & Schram 179, 184 
 
 Platto, Capt. W 46 
 
 Plettel, Anna Elizabeth 18 
 
 Plettel, Johannes Jacob IS 
 
 Plumsted, Charles 301 
 
 Polhemus, John 327 
 
 Pollard, Capt. Don Alonzo 45 
 
 Pollock, John M 176 
 
 Porter, 120 
 
 Post, Alfred 61, 1.55, 167, 206 
 
 Post, Edward Rogers ; .191, 397, 298 
 
 Post, James 297 
 
 Post, Major James Clarence "206 
 
 Post, John 297 
 
 Post, Captain John 297 
 
 Post, John R 46 
 
 Post, Richard 297 
 
 Post, William R 297 
 
 Potter, 339 
 
 Potter, Bishop 1.50, 194 
 
 Potter, F. W 281, 283 
 
 Potter, Right Rev. Horatio 128 
 
 Potts, Rev. Arthur 148, 151 
 
 Powell. Frances E. L '227 
 
 Powell, George W 328 
 
 Powell, Louisa A 86 
 
 Powell, Mary Ludlow '2U 
 
 Powell, Mary 234, .335 
 
 Powell, Nicholas 46, 97 
 
 Powell, Ramsdell «[ Co 223 
 
 Powell, Robert 86 
 
 Powell, Robert Ludlow 2:M 
 
 ' Powell, Thomas. . . .27, 86, 94, 233, 337, 238, 2:54, 
 265, SS2 
 
 Powell, Thomas & Co 167, 228, '2:10, 262 
 
 Powell, Col. Wllloughby 46 
 
 Power, Rev. John T 146 
 
 Power, Maurice J '44 
 
 Powers, D. & Sons 267, '285 
 
 Powers, John 91 
 
 Powers, (J. G.) & Co 109 
 
 Poyer, Henry C 139 
 
 Presler, William 155 
 
 Preston, Andrew 94 
 
 Preston, Vicar-General 146 
 
 Prentice, Rev. B. L 139 
 
 Price, George F 176 
 
 Price, Capt. James L 45 
 
 Price, Stephen 46 
 
 Priest, John W 250 
 
 Prime, Helen LefEerts 136 
 
 Prime, Rev. S. Irena^us 45, 47, 106, 119 
 
 Prime, Rev. Wendell, D. D . . .98, 107, 1:15, 141, 
 181 
 
 Prince, George 150 
 
 Proudfit, Alexander, D. D 121, 1:17 
 
 Proudflt, Rev. David L 11:3, 178 
 
 Proudfoot, John 95, 97 
 
 Purdy, Glorlanna :106 
 
 Purdy, John S 208 
 
 Putney, Rev. Rufus C 1.39 
 
 Purdy, Thomas W 76 
 
 Quakenbush, T. S 125 
 
 Queckberner. C.A.J 326 
 
 Quinn, Rev. John F 1)6 
 
 Quirk, W :339 
 
 Raln.s, Major George W '3.3-1 
 
 Raltt. George E 101 
 
 Ramsdell & Brown 337 
 
 Ramsdell & Co.... 294 
 
 Ramsdell, Mrs. Frances B. L 223, 234 
 
 Ramsdell, Frances J 2:1-1 
 
 Ramsdell, Henry Powell.... 15, 214,260, 361, 
 262 
 
 PAGE. 
 Ramsdell, Homer ... .70, 136, 181, 198, 223, 227, 
 •2'23, 230, 231, 232, tU. 362, 367, 301 
 
 Ramsdell, Homer & Co 228 
 
 Ramsdell, H. Stookbridge 191, 2:11, 2:34 
 
 Ramsdell, James A. P 139, 234 
 
 Ramsdell, Joseph 327 
 
 Ramsdell, Leila R 3:34 
 
 Ramsdell, Martha 227 
 
 Ramsdell, Mary 227 
 
 Ramsdell, Mary L, P 334 
 
 Ramsdell, Thomas P 3:54, :i28 
 
 Ramsey, Ann ^M 156 
 
 Ramstedt, Tlieo 46 
 
 Rand, A. T 61 
 
 Randall, William :!33 
 
 Randolph, Rev. Peter 138 
 
 Rankin, Laura Wolcott 119 
 
 R,ankin, Hon. RoIiertG 119 
 
 Rathbun, Rev. G. A 150 
 
 Ray, Capt. Jam: ~. 45 
 
 Raymond, J. L 325 
 
 Rea,.AndrewD 143 
 
 Reach, :128 
 
 Reed, Commander A. V 45 
 
 Reed, Colonel 35 
 
 Reed, Rufus A 179, 180 
 
 Reed, Mrs. Walter 199 
 
 Reeder, Emma 153 
 
 Reeve, Captain .332 
 
 Reeve, Charles F. V 100, 101, 105 
 
 Reeve, Christopher 27, "294 
 
 Reeve & Falls 55 
 
 Reeve, James H 185 
 
 Reeve, Joseph 94 
 
 Reeve, Nathan 100, 161 
 
 Reeve, Selah 94 
 
 Reeve, S. B 323 
 
 Eeid, William N 1(X1, 103, 105, 109, 169,207, 
 
 218, 219 
 
 Rcilley, John 105 
 
 Reilly, Rev, Father 122 
 
 Remlllard, Abraham B. E 209, 210 
 
 Remillard & Co 209 
 
 Remlllard, Frank P 219 
 
 Remillard, Grace E 210 
 
 Remillard, Lenora (Weygant) 210 
 
 Remlllard, Lillian E 210 
 
 Remillard, Malvina (Lamontagne) 210 
 
 Remillard, Minnie M 210 
 
 Remillard, Thomas B 210 
 
 Remington, AVolcott 101 
 
 Rennan, Helnrich 18 
 
 Renwick, James 131 
 
 Rennan, Johanna 18 
 
 Reveley, Henry 46 
 
 Reynolds, G .338 
 
 Reynolds, James 331 
 
 Reynolds, J 338 
 
 Rheutan, Daniel A 74 
 
 Rheutan,E. H 96 
 
 Rheutan, Thomas K 97 
 
 Rhodes, Capt. George B 45 
 
 Rhynders, William 91 
 
 Richards, 339 
 
 Rllilet, Capt. William H 45 
 
 Rice, Rev. Gabriel 138 
 
 Richardson, Ann Maria (Parker) 304 
 
 Richardson, John 94 
 
 Richardson, Mary Ann (Ayer) 204 
 
 . 203 
 , 162 
 
 . 343 
 ■i, 155 
 ,175, 
 
 . 3-26 
 
 Richardson, Nathan H 
 
 Richmond, Theodore 
 
 Elder, D. C 
 
 Riley, Al 
 
 Riley, George 
 
 Ring, A. Smith 13, 
 
 King, Thomas C 1(»l, 105, 161, 167, 11 
 
 :l-33, ;H1, 335, 338 
 
 RIske, George 
 
 Ritchie, Bodine & Hull 179 
 
 Ritchie, Frances A 156 
 
 Ritchie & Hull 1, 179, 183, 191 
 
 Ritchie, ICateL. (Kelly) 182 
 
 Ritchie, Rev. Robert 139, 182 
 
 Ritchie, Sarah E 182 
 
 Ritchie, Samuel ...129, 179, 181, 182 
 
 Roberts, Ellis H 181 
 
 Roberts, J. H 138 
 
 Roberts, L. G., M. D 86 
 
 Robbins, Louis L 46 
 
 Roberts, Stephen 325 
 
 Roberts, W.J 204 
 
 Robertson, W. S 336 
 
 Robinson, 329 
 
 Robinson, Mrs. Charles D 303 
 
 Robinson, George 91 
 
H 
 
 PERSONAL INDEX 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Robinson, Oapt. Henry.. 65, 131, 12S, 332, 32.S. 
 
 334 
 
 Robinson, Hugh 13:1. 141) 
 
 Robinson. James 3(13 
 
 Robinson. Valentine 13S 
 
 Rocl\anibeau, General :]'> 
 
 Rodennond, Henrietta 35(1 
 
 Rodman, Captain 3iiS 
 
 Rodman, John G 155 
 
 Rodgers, R 333 
 
 Rodgers, Lieut. R. P 45 
 
 Roe, Cadwaliader (14 
 
 Roe. James 20; 
 
 Roe, Marlt W 101 
 
 Roe.T. Hazard 117, 148 
 
 Roe. William J 148, 31 II, 338 
 
 Roe, W. J., Jr CI, 14T 
 
 Rogers. 328, 32'.l 
 
 Rogers. Captain S22 
 
 Rogers, Daniel T8, 106 
 
 Rogers, Daniel T 81, 105, 127, 147 
 
 Rogers. Captain Elvin 223 
 
 Rogers, Henry 154 
 
 Rogers. Jason "W 78 
 
 Rogers. Mrs. Jolin L 154 
 
 Rogers. MacLeod .3.3:1 
 
 Rogers. Martha (Griffith) 78 
 
 Rogers, Mary (Brown) 127 
 
 Rogers, Robert 339 
 
 Rollins Bros 322 
 
 Romalne. Rev. \V 137 
 
 Romer it Tremper Steamboat Co 2113 
 
 Roney, Rev. Moses lil, 178 
 
 Roosa, Elmer E Ifill 
 
 Root, Charles 74. 84, 213 
 
 Ropes, Col. E. H 4.-1 
 
 Rose. Johanna 18 
 
 Rose, Norman 8'.) 
 
 Rose. Peter IS 
 
 Rose. Rev. Peter 128 
 
 Ross, Edward C 1:10 
 
 Ross & Bate 158 
 
 Ross, George H 170, 191 
 
 Ross, George H. & E. C 191 
 
 Ross, George M 81 
 
 Ross, Henry 74, 97, 133 
 
 Ross, James L 123 
 
 Ross. Mary 102 
 
 Ross.Bev.M.H 139 
 
 Ross, Robert 15S 
 
 Ross. Thomas M 13.3. 309 
 
 Ross, William 158. 159 
 
 Eosslter & Wright 69 
 
 Root & Shaver 212 
 
 Rothery, Mr 267 
 
 Bound & Chatterton 160 
 
 Round, Seward If 160 
 
 Rousseau 118 
 
 Rowland. Sidney S 46 
 
 Roy, James S 279 
 
 Royce, Charles B 74, 84 
 
 Royce, Dr. William A 113, 206 
 
 Rudolph, Henry 75. 81 
 
 Ruger, Genl. Thomas H 179 
 
 Ruggles, Augustus 106 
 
 Ruggles, Charles 106 
 
 Rnggles, David Colden 106 
 
 Ruble, Elizabeth A 208 
 
 Russell, B. R 145 
 
 Russell .Sd Co 178 
 
 Rns.sell, John B 178 
 
 Ruttenber, Charles B IM 
 
 Ruttenlier, Edward M. . . ,19. 44, 105, 177, 178, 
 
 179, 183, 181, 199 
 
 Ruttenber, J. W. F 178, 18:!, lU 
 
 Ruttenber, Matilda A. (Mclntyre) 184 
 
 Ryan. Daniel 76 
 
 Ryan.M ;)29 
 
 Ryan & MeDonald 63 
 
 Ryan, Thomas 90 
 
 Rydcll, M 125 
 
 Ryer, Catharine (Carter) 198 
 
 Ryer, Henry Iil8 
 
 Sabine, Rev. Wm. P 147 
 
 Sachs, G.M.L 327 
 
 Saclcett, Samuel B 67 
 
 Sager, Moses H 97 
 
 Salimon, Win . H 153 
 
 Sampson. Rev, Mr 1:18 
 
 Samuels, Wolf 143 
 
 Sanders, 328 
 
 Sands, Samuel - 22 
 
 Sands, W. H. B I.IO 
 
 Sanford, George A 153 
 
 Sankey, Ira D 153 
 
 I'Alil'.. 
 
 Sankey. Ira S ■'•''' 
 
 Sansbuty. John -'^ 
 
 Sanxay, Edinund -'8, l.!9 
 
 Sanxay. WUllimi B '^■•'> 
 
 .Sargent, Hen.-yWliKliru]. 3:18 
 
 Kurvis Rnis "-'' 
 
 Sar\ls, Chai-les *-■' 
 
 Sarvls, Flora Jl. (Bennett) '■" 
 
 Sarvis. James II '■'<■ ''^ 
 
 Sarvls. .) olin '•" 
 
 Sarvis. Susan ( Vredenbnrgh) 91 
 
 Sarvl.s, William 91 
 
 Savage, Rev. Frederick B., D. D 1:12. l:)5 
 
 1:17, 141 
 
 Sayer. Samuel -^0 
 
 Saylor, Caesar 138 
 
 Saylor. John 138 
 
 Sayres, J. B ■''■> 
 
 Schaefer, F. J. A 191. 314 
 
 Scharps, Mareus ' '■' 
 
 Scharps, Simon A 191 
 
 Schofleld, General John M 179 
 
 Schoonmaker, Oh<arles B 145 
 
 Sehoonmaker, John 86, 119, 173, 17.3, 181 
 
 189, 394, 395 
 
 Schoonmaker, Peter 138 
 
 Schoonmaker, Mills & Weller. . .152, 395. 313 
 
 319 
 
 Schoonmaker & Weller 294 
 
 Schoonmaker, Samuel V 309 
 
 Schoonmaker, Wallace 75 
 
 Schermerhoru, Wiimer W ;»1 
 
 Schrani, N. H 45 
 
 Sehram, Sarah H. (Halloek) 184 
 
 Scbram. William 184 
 
 Schrain (W.l & Co 184 
 
 Sehultz & Crnm 191, 318 
 
 Schnltz, Jacob 177 
 
 Sehultz, Jennie (Wheeler) 'il8 
 
 Sehultz, John L 191. 218 
 
 Schuneman, Herman 18 
 
 Schwisser, Anna Catharine 18 
 
 Schwlsser, Loreutz 18 
 
 Scofleld, A. F 171 
 
 ScofleUl, Samuel W 141 
 
 Scott. Major General Wlnfleld ... .42, 193 195 
 
 Scott. David A 10.5, 161, 1(U, 3.31 
 
 Scott & Drake 161 
 
 Scott, Francis 76. 84, 86, 171 
 
 Scott, Henry 47 
 
 Scott* Hlrschberg 165 
 
 Scott, William 95, 206 
 
 Scrimgeour, Rev. James 120 
 
 Seaman, Almlra 101 
 
 Seaman, George W 318, 319 
 
 Searle. Rev. Jeremiah 16. 141, 112 
 
 Searle. Rev. Jeremiah, Sr 112 
 
 Searle, Margaretta F. (Conover) 142 
 
 Searle. Mary Tomb 142 
 
 Searles. Rev. W. N 125 
 
 Seaverns, John L 261, 3:15 
 
 Seavey, L. W 69 
 
 .See. S. D 326 
 
 Seeger, A. H. F 160, 167 
 
 Seeley, 339 
 
 •Selleg, D.N 302 
 
 Senior, Augustus 45, Ii:!, 111,312,313 
 
 Senior, George 312 
 
 Senior, G.& T. H 313 
 
 Senior. Sarah C. (Doughty) 113 
 
 Senior, William 313 
 
 Serrington, Rev. Samuel 128 
 
 Scrrington. Rev. William 128 
 
 Service, Rev. John 142 
 
 Sethbridge, :139 
 
 Severence, M.J .16 
 
 Seward, Governor Wm. H Ii)4 
 
 Seymorc. Father 128 
 
 Seymour, Gov. Horatio 108 
 
 Seymour, Milton D 125, 156 
 
 Se.ymrmr, T. J 125 
 
 Shafcr. Jcs.sc F KHl 
 
 Shafer, Jose[)h D 76, HI 
 
 Shafer, R. P. L I7S 
 
 ShafTcT. A :i.,i4 
 
 Shaffer. Rev. J. N (i9 
 
 Shaler. Major-Genei-al 45 
 
 Shannon, William H l:}9 
 
 Shaver. John W 212, 313 
 
 Sharpe, Genl. George H .11. 96 
 
 Shaw, Charles B 191, -2.55, 256, 257, :13:1. ;134 
 
 Shaw, Charles F' 155 
 
 Shaw. ElkanahK....74.8-l. 96. It7. 135, 1:J6. iso, 
 
 2:-.5, 3.16, 257 
 Shaw, George :l2:t, :;34 
 
 
 120 
 
 
 2.56 
 
 .255. 
 
 356 
 
 i, 3.17, 
 
 , :i2l 
 
 
 :i2l 
 
 
 89 
 
 
 89 
 
 .142, 
 
 114 
 
 , 119, 
 
 , 135 
 
 
 3111 
 
 
 ■.m 
 
 
 :b 
 
 88 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Shaw. G,-orge \V 255, 356, 357, .324, 325, :i38 
 
 Shaw, Harriet Walsh 256 
 
 Shaw, Henry B., M. D 250 
 
 Shaw, John 
 
 Shaw, Maria B 
 
 Shaw, Tlioinas 
 
 Shaw's, ThoM. Sons69. 1:15, 191, ■, 
 
 ShelTleld, A 
 
 Shemelil, J<.hn 
 
 Shrfflelil, Buth 
 
 Sheldon, George H 
 
 shelling. Rev. Charles 
 
 Shelton, Thomas B 
 
 shembni-gli, 
 
 Slicpi>ard, Col 
 
 Silerldan, General 
 
 Sherman, Cornelia A.(Deyo). , 
 
 Sherman. D.D 88 
 
 Sherman, General 191, 194 
 
 Sherman, Major "'' 
 
 Sldpp, Samuel E 192,310 
 
 Shuart, Charles H 819 
 
 Shuart SEinbler 319,319 
 
 Shult, Morgan ^''■^ 
 
 Shumway, Capt. Henry C 45 
 
 Shurter. C. A US 
 
 Shutes. Samuel E 74, 178 
 
 Siglar. Henry W.. A. M 114,119, 131 
 
 Siglar, Mary F. (Burn 114 
 
 Silllek, Rev. Bradley 139 
 
 Sllllnian, Rev. Geo. D l-'Xl 
 
 Slmonson, Thomas A *5 
 
 Simpson. Bishop 12-5 
 
 Simpson. Elmer 326 
 
 Simpson. Thomas 295 
 
 Sipperly, W. A 46 
 
 Sisters of Charity i:51, 147 
 
 Sisters of St. Dominic 115, 146 
 
 Skeel, Rutus R IM 
 
 Skldmorc, Edwin T 105, 16.3, 292, ,301 
 
 Skldmore & Bull 301 
 
 Skldmorc, Bull & Co :S01 
 
 Skldmorc MercaullleCo 191 
 
 Skldmore, Thomas H 125. 170, 191. 301 
 
 Skldmore, Thomas H & Son :101 
 
 Slarte. George W 281. 382 
 
 Sleight. Solomon 94 
 
 Sloan, Mo.ses 382 
 
 Sloan. J. T :128 
 
 Sloat, J. C 140 
 
 Sloat, John L 76 
 
 Sly, Catharine 140 
 
 Sly, Sarah E 154 
 
 Small, Rev. J. B 129 
 
 Smiley, William E 179, 180 
 
 Smith, :K9 
 
 Smith, Alexander .t Sons 253 
 
 Smltli. A. C 14.5, 191 
 
 Smith. Capt. Alexis C 45 
 
 Smith. Alfred C, .<! Co 312 
 
 Smith, .Arthur 23 
 
 Smith, Benjamin 33. 24. i"i. 210 
 
 Smith. Charles Emory 181 
 
 Smith. Cornelius 129 
 
 Smith. Cornelius C 1?3 
 
 Smith, C. it U. J 227 
 
 Smith, Daniel 37. 76 
 
 Smith, Rev. Dnnlap 78 
 
 Smith, E :!39 
 
 Smith, Edwin T 7.5. SI. 2:18, 
 
 Smith, Capt. Ed. M 
 
 Smith, Ella 
 
 Smith. F. B 
 
 Smith, Gciirge K 
 
 Snilth. Lieut. -Col. George Moore 
 
 Smith, Dr. Gilbert 
 
 Smith. Henry 
 
 Smith, Hem-y M 
 
 Smith, Ca|it. Ira 
 
 Smith, Rev. J. H 
 
 Smith, Jaincs 22, 24 
 
 Smith, Jolin 
 
 Sndth, Lewis M.42, 61, 70, 76, T9, 81, 84, 86, 
 
 1:10, 152, 167, 169, 175, 176, 235, 237, 2:18, 
 
 243, 368, :»l 
 
 Smith, Lewis M.. Jr 
 
 Smith. L. M. & ('(. 341 
 
 Smith, Lieut 
 
 Smith, ill. C 
 
 Smith, Margaret 
 
 Smith, Rev. Marshall B 
 
 Sndth, Major-lxenerai 
 
 Smith, Nathaniel D 
 
 Smith, urville M 74, 102, 105, 161, 169, 
 
 209, :B5 
 
 UK) 
 23 
 242 
 ;128 
 150 
 , 95 
 46 
 105 
 241, 
 
 Smith, Pauline (Gerecke) . 
 
 Smith, Richard 
 
 Smith. R. J 
 
 Smith. Rev.T. B 
 
 Smitli, Thaddeus 
 
 Smith. William 
 
 Smith. William 
 
 SuLllh. William H 
 
 Smltli, William L 
 
 Smith, W. L 
 
 .Smith, W.L 
 
 Smith, William P. C 
 
 249, 21 
 
 .75,84, 11 
 ,,94, 131, 2- 
 I 
 
 Sm 
 
 ■d, 
 
 orge 
 
 ., 3; 
 ,. ( 
 .. U 
 
 , I'M. 105, 106, 108, 11 
 108, Ii 
 
 Sneed, John 
 
 Sneed, Joseph A. .. 
 Sneed & Mathews, 
 
 Sneeden, Samuel G Si 
 
 Snoilgrass, Rev.Dr IS 
 
 Snyder. Charles E., LL. B 45, 76, IIO, 11: 
 
 119 
 
 Snyder, Eleanor E.I Roberts) 11 
 
 Snyder, Frank S K 
 
 Sn.v<ler, Hannah R. (Wright) II 
 
 Snyder, John 11 
 
 Southard, George H 14 
 
 Southwick, Richard A 17 
 
 Spahling, Elizabeth L.(Johnston) 17 
 
 .Spalding, John D IT 
 
 Spalding. John W IT 
 
 Spalding, Rev. .Joshua IT 
 
 Spaulding, 9 
 
 Speaight, Capt. Wm. A 1 
 
 Speir. Aikman 9 
 
 Speir, Hugh 94, U 
 
 Spence, Rev. J. C 12 
 
 Spenser, Mr I* 
 
 Splerln, Rev. George H 101, 102,121 
 
 Sprague, Rev. William B 19 
 
 Sprolc, Rev. William T., D. D . . . .118, 119, 14 
 
 Squires, Major Alvln 4i 
 
 Squires, Capt. George B t 
 
 Stanhope. Capt. '>. S 41 
 
 Stanley, Frank H - (T 
 
 Stansbury, Rev. x.l 13 
 
 Stanbrough . John 207, 331 
 
 Stanbrough, John B ff 
 
 Stanbrough. Peter 20( 
 
 Stanbrough. Thomas G ISl 
 
 Stanton. 32 
 
 Stanton, Clark & Co 2u2,2ffi,26l 
 
 Stanton, Curtis Tj 
 
 Stanton, Isaac 2(E 
 
 Stanton, Samuel 219, aS 
 
 Stapler. 321 
 
 Staples. John A 4; 
 
 St. Clair, S4 
 
 St. Clair. M.aj.-Gen'l 2,81 
 
 St. John. Daniel 175 
 
 St. John, Hon. Daniel B 173, 173, 174, 181 
 
 St. John, Miss R. M IS 
 
 St. .Tohn. Russell IT! 
 
 Stearns. Jirah 1T1 
 
 Steel. Capt. Henry S * 
 
 Stelner, Rev. J 141 
 
 Stephenson, Matthew, M. D I^ 
 
 Sterling, Asa IS 
 
 Sterling, James 38 
 
 Sterling, Lord 2 
 
 Sterling, Rich,ard 74,73, 311 
 
 Sterling, Hon. Robert. , . .71. 77. 78, 79, 84, lOf 
 173, :lll 
 
 Sterrit. L. S 160. S» 
 
 Stetson. George W S 
 
 Steuben, Baron 31, 31, 9 
 
 Stevens, Betlina (Howe) 19 
 
 Stevens. E. Gerry 191, 198, fJ 
 
 Stevens. Halaey R 181,19 
 
 Stevens. H. R. &Co 19 
 
 Stevens, John S 
 
 Stevens, M.wes 19 
 
 Stevens, Sally (Cass) U 
 
 Stewart. David 1! 
 
 Stewart, Elizabeth CD M 
 
 Stewart. James 143, 11 
 
 Stewart, John 32 
 
 Stewart, Joseph IS 
 
 Stewart ,t Sayre Ii 
 
 Stirling, Lord '' 
 
 Stirling (Lord), Major-General ' 
 
 Stitt, Rev. R. H Ii 
 
 Stivers, Hon. M. D ifii^ igi, ]i 
 
 Stockbrldge. .Tohn % 
 
 Stockbrldge, Ruth 2 
 
 Stoeker, Edward . 46 288 289 2 
 
 Stoeker, William. 
 
PERSONAL INDEX 
 
 15 
 
 PAGE. 
 Stockton, Richard 105 
 
 ^tone, M. C, M. D 86, 125 
 
 Stover, ;^28 
 
 Storey, Judge 209 
 
 Storey, Jonas 1 5S 
 
 Strachan, J. H. R 47 
 
 Straehau, James S 14> 
 
 Strachan, William G 7ti 
 
 Strahan, James L 160 
 
 Strahau & McCluug 160 
 
 Strattou, Charles 144 
 
 Stratton, J. Wilson I47 
 
 Straw, JIary (Phalen) 20G 
 
 Straw, Dr. L. S i8i^ 2(H;. 307. 32S 
 
 Strong, Albert H 125 
 
 Stroud, Capt. John D 45 ' 
 
 Stubbs, Rev. Nathaniel 138 
 
 Sutherland, George 14;? 
 
 Sutton, Caleb 94 
 
 Sutton, D. A jifl 
 
 Swain, Charles R 4ii 
 
 Sweeney, Senan L., M. D S6, 155 
 
 Sweet, Clayton E 136, 173, 191, 270, 278 
 
 Sweet, Clinton W ■>7'). 37.1 
 
 Sweet, Orr & Co. .6a, 191, 270, 271, 2r2, 273, 274. 
 275, 276, 277, 27S, 2811 
 
 Sweetzer, J. Howard 26S 
 
 Swift. Col 32 
 
 Swift, Horatio N 2:58. 3iN 
 
 Syme, Dr. James 306 
 
 Symington, Rev, Dr 12:i 
 
 Taf t, EUzabeth G 245 
 
 Taggart, Archibald 121, 185 
 
 Taggart, James 65 
 
 Taggart, James C 97 
 
 Taggart, "William G 185, 280 
 
 Tallmadge, William 145 
 
 Talraadge, W. T 46 
 
 Tanikin, George 136 
 
 Tappan, Rev. John 128 
 
 Tappen, Justice 61 
 
 Tarbell. John P 101, 102 
 
 Tarbell, Luther L 37 
 
 TarbeU. William 37 
 
 Tarrant, Rev. Henry 150 
 
 Taylor, 328 
 
 Taylor, General 191 
 
 Taylor, President 194 
 
 Taylor, A. R. & 293 
 
 Taylor, Daniel 53 
 
 Taylor, E. P 96 
 
 Taylor, Florence 101 
 
 Taylor, Fred M 6i) 
 
 Taylor, Mrs. Frederick il 284 
 
 Taylor, Hon. Grant B. . . .160, 165, 166, 191, 327 
 
 Taylor, James W 61, 76, 181 
 
 Taylor, Estate of James 191 
 
 Taylor, Jonathan 176 
 
 Taylor, P. B., Jr 125 
 
 Taylor & June 327 
 
 Teed, Oscar 256, 324 
 
 Teed , S. F., M. D 86 
 
 Teller, James L 181 
 
 • Templeton, James F 75. 80, 121 
 
 Templeton, Jessie (McGregor) 8fl 
 
 Tennyck, 323 
 
 Ten Eyck, J 323 
 
 Ten Eyck, T ■^■^ 
 
 Terpennlng, W. T 334 
 
 Terry, G. L *^8 
 
 Terry, James W 101 
 
 Terwllliger, Aaron 139 
 
 Terwilllger, Josephine 268 
 
 Terwllliger, William W 79, 125 
 
 Terwilllger, Mrs. W. W 156 
 
 Thayer, John 8 105 
 
 Theall, Joseph D 208 
 
 TheaIl,Loretta{Purdy) 208 
 
 Theall, Thomas C 207 
 
 Theall, Mrs. Thoijias C 207 
 
 Theall, William L 2f>7 
 
 Thomas, Rev. Jacob 128 
 
 Thomas, John W 97 
 
 Thompson, Rev, Alexander R 141 
 
 Thompson, Andrew 144 
 
 Thompson, Annie L 156 
 
 Thompson, Rev. Dewitt B 145 
 
 Thompson, Rev. Henry A 128 
 
 Thompson, Rev.J. R 12:5, 139, 110 
 
 Thompson, James R.. Jr 101 
 
 Thompson, Right Rev. Joseph P 128, 129 
 
 Thompson, Mrs. Joseph P 129 
 
 Thompson, Mary Frances (Lawsnn) 140 
 
 Thompson, Rev. N. B 145 
 
 Thompson, W 1411 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Thompson, William, Sr 139 
 
 Thompson, William 122 
 
 Thomson. Hon. A.J 44 
 
 Thomson, Prof. William M 220 
 
 Thorne, Edwin 207 
 
 Thornton, Helena{DeWitt) 166 
 
 Thornton. Hon. Howard. . . .45, 119, 166. lliO. 
 172. 176 
 
 Thornton, Mrs. Howard I66 
 
 Thornton, John 166 
 
 Thornton. Matthew 166 
 
 Thornton, Genl. William A 166 
 
 Thorpe, Mrs. Curtis M 2ihi 
 
 Thurston, Daniel 22 
 
 Tice, 329 
 
 Tice, Charles W 86 
 
 TIdd. Jonas 22 
 
 Tiffany & Co 324 
 
 Tiffany. Capt. Lyman 45 
 
 Tilden, Samuel J 174 
 
 Tilford, James A 288 
 
 Tilghman. Colonel 35 
 
 Tilton, Enoch E 94 
 
 Titus, Charles T 76 
 
 Todd, James 14:;, 176 
 
 Tole, Rev. William H 220 
 
 Toohey , John 249 
 
 Toohey, John P 76, 96 
 
 Toohey, Sarah E.. 249 
 
 Topping, Alanson 91 
 
 Toshack, David 52 
 
 Townsend, Hon. Amos 45 
 
 Towusend. Mary Aiigu.sta (Clark) 78 
 
 Townsend, Dora ^l llll 
 
 Townsend, George W 46, 166, 171 
 
 Townsend, Isaiah 169 
 
 Townsend, James A 167 
 
 Townsend, Janies A . & Co 292 
 
 Towusend, Lewis V.i8 
 
 Townsend, Peter 52 
 
 Townsend, T. Powell 78 
 
 Townsend, Timothy 84 
 
 Townsend, William 86 
 
 Traphagen, Benjamin 220 
 
 Traphagen, Linda C 281 
 
 Traphagen, Uriah i;^2 
 
 Traphagen. William D 220 
 
 Traver, Rev. Van Ness 145 
 
 Travis, Henry F 74. 76 
 
 Tremper, Jacob 76 
 
 Trustee, Rev. Jacob 128 
 
 Tuck, Edward A 130 
 
 Tucker, John F 46, 178, 179 
 
 Tudor, Henry 94 
 
 Tuppor, Colonel 36 
 
 Turck, Isaac 18 
 
 Turner. Diah 205 
 
 Turner. Rev. Edward 145 
 
 Turner. E. S 69,70, 151, 152, 189,214, :^10 
 
 Turner & Sanford 152, 310 
 
 Turner, Shipp & Osboru 191,310 
 
 Turpiu, Rev. N. H 129 
 
 Tuthili. Daniel S 76 
 
 Tuthill. W 324 
 
 Tweed. William 140. 176 
 
 Tyler, Captain Bazailcl 278 
 
 Tyler, Lieut. G. W 45 
 
 Tyson, Major W. B 46 
 
 Udal], Hon. James 194 
 
 Umpleby, J. F 329 
 
 Underhill. G 329 
 
 irnderhill, William 1 75 
 
 Updegrove, Mary Ann 266 
 
 Upright, Elizabeth 202 
 
 Upright, Moses 140 
 
 Usher, George 80 
 
 Usher & Templeton 80 
 
 Vail, Walter 201 
 
 Vail. William 145 
 
 Valentine, Clara (Baldwin) 109 
 
 Valentine. James H 150 
 
 Valentine, John H ](t5. 106, 109. 1.50 
 
 Vallerie, :m 
 
 Van Allen & Son 85 
 
 Vanamee, William 44 
 
 Van Benschoten, 329 
 
 Van Buren, Dr 88 
 
 Van Buren, John D 69, 105 
 
 Van Buren, President Martin 199, 215 
 
 Van Buren, R 328 
 
 Van Cleft, Alberta 209 
 
 Van Cleft, Alice 101 
 
 Van Cleft. Augusta 209 
 
 Van Cleft. Barclay 209 
 
 Van Cleft, Edwin L 201) 
 
 131 
 
 131 
 
 171 
 125 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Van Cleft, Edwlna Storey (Smith) 209 
 
 Van Cleft, Joseph 189, 208 
 
 Van Olef t, .To.sephiuo Storey 209 
 
 Van Cleft, Lewis A 209 
 
 Van Dalfseu. JamesT 97, 105, 151, ISO, 311 
 
 Vanderbllt, Commodore 69 
 
 Vauderbilt, William H 234 
 
 Vanderveer, Rev. Daniel 128 
 
 Vauderveer, Rev. F. H 131 
 
 Vanduzer, Christopher 106 
 
 Van Duzer, Florence itjl 
 
 Vau Duzer. S. K loS, 153 
 
 Van Dyuk, Henry H 177 
 
 Vau Etteu. Sol 46, 77 
 
 Vau Gaasbeck, Rev. D. W. C..., 145 
 
 Van Nest, Rev. Abraham R., Jr 135 
 
 Vau Nort, Benj. W 3-80 
 
 Van Kort, ,Tohu F 84. 86, 307 
 
 Van Orsdall, James 101 
 
 Van Reed. Capt. N. E 45 
 
 Van Sciver, W. H 46 
 
 Van Tassell, Louis H 97 
 
 Van Wyck. Hon. Charles H 7T, 160. 206 
 
 Vau Zandt, Rev. A. B 
 
 Vaux, 
 
 Vaux, Withers & Co 
 
 Vechton, Rev. Mr 
 
 Veitch, George 
 
 Verniilyea, William M 
 
 Vcrnol, Isaac 
 
 Vernnl, Lewis i:i9 
 
 Vernol, Lewis C 75, 76 
 
 Verplanck, B .328 
 
 Verplanck, Gulian C 35 
 
 Verplanck, J. Deianey 145 
 
 Verplanck, M .S28 
 
 Vetter, Dr. Theodore 105 
 
 Vlllefranche, Major 30 
 
 Voick, Andries 18, 19 
 
 Volck, Anna Catharine 18 
 
 Voltaire 118 
 
 Von Panshiu, Alexander 327 
 
 Vredenburgh, Levi 91 
 
 Vrooman, Hon. John W 3:^1 
 
 Wadsworth, Colonel 52 
 
 Wait, Samuel 197 
 
 Wait. Dr. Wesley 255 
 
 Wakeley. Rev. J. B 145 
 
 Walker, J. H 46 
 
 Walker, Major 35 
 
 Wallace & Hemingway 305 
 
 Wallace, Rev. R. Howard 137 
 
 Wallace & Sweet 177 
 
 Walswortli. Rev. L. W 139 
 
 Wandel, Jacob 22 
 
 Wandel, John 22 
 
 Wands, Anna (Darby) 109 
 
 Wands, George M 109 
 
 Wands, William S 105, 106, 108, 109, 139 
 
 Wansley, :?28 
 
 Ward. Charles 325 
 
 Ward & Esmond 191 
 
 Ward, Capt. G. S. L 45 
 
 Ward, Gilbert 324, 325, 326 
 
 Ward, Hank :i2:J, 324, 329 
 
 Ward, Henry 256, 325 
 
 Ward, Jeremiah 22 
 
 Ward, .John 32:J 
 
 Ward, Joshua 255, 256, 32.3, 324, ;H5, 326 
 
 Ward & Lary 287 
 
 Ward & Leonard 97, 287, 288 
 
 Ward, Leonard & Co 97, 287, 283 
 
 Ward & Logan 69. 191.286,287,288 
 
 Ward, Luther C 249 
 
 Ward, Macklu & Co 62, 287 
 
 Ward, Hou. Peter 44, 45, 47, 75, 97, 105, 140, 
 
 141, 161, 181, 286, 287, 288 
 
 Ward, Rensselaer 91 
 
 Ward, Col. Rodney C 45 
 
 Ward, Stanton & Co. .200, 317, 34.8, 349, 356. 262 
 
 Ward, Thomas 22. 2R6 
 
 Ward, Tiiomas L.. M. D 86 
 
 Ward. Warner E. L Hid 
 
 Ward, William 22. :i24 
 
 Ward, Rev. William 116 
 
 Ward, William H 33:1 
 
 Ward, William, Jr 22 
 
 WardeU. — :129 
 
 Wardrop, Smith it Co Ill 
 
 Wurford, Clarence 101 
 
 Waring, Charles 328 
 
 Waring, Cornelius L 16, 76, 160, 165, .'tJO 
 
 Waring, Daniels 69,75,76,79,119, 167, 17:J, 
 
 176, 189. I'.Hf, 191,242,333, SU 
 Waring, M. V 46 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Waring, Phebe A. (MofCat) 79 
 
 Warner, Capt, Joseph 45 
 
 Waruock, 328 
 
 Warren, 131 
 
 Warren, William E 143, 144 
 
 Warren, WIlllaTn L. F 171, 321 
 
 Walsh, Catherine (Armstrong) 210 
 
 Walsh, Dr. C. J 151 
 
 Walsh, E. A 190 
 
 Walsh, Edith J 101 
 
 Walsh, Elizabeth (De Witt) 210 
 
 Walsh, Henry 121 
 
 Walsh, Hugh 27, 120, 121, 210, 29:i, 294 
 
 Walsh, J. De Witt 171, 172, 210 
 
 Walsh, John H 210 
 
 Walsh, John J 107 
 
 Walsh , Matthew 150 
 
 Walsh, William 106,171 
 
 Walsh, Rev. William 149, 150. 210 
 
 Washburn, Rev 149 
 
 M'ashburn, Crosby Co mt, 301 
 
 Washington, George. . .24, 28, 29, .30, 31, 36, 37, 
 
 40, 41, 42, 44, 48, 51, 53, 55, 56, 113, 127, 193, 
 
 194, 199, 314 
 
 Washington, Rev. John 128 
 
 Washington, Martha 24, 35, 36, 38, 44 
 
 Waters, Capt. Charles E 45 
 
 Waters, John H 138, 172 
 
 Waters, Thomas 32 
 
 Watkins. E. W 151 
 
 Watkins. Hezekiah 19, 22 
 
 Watson, Capt. William L 46 
 
 Watts, Solomon , 130 
 
 Wattsnn, Rev. Lewis T 150 
 
 Wayne, General 23. 34,50 
 
 Webber, Anna Elizabeth 18 
 
 Webber. Forson & Ross 200 
 
 Webber, Jacob 18, 19 
 
 Webster, Daniel 106, 113 
 
 Webster Noah 192 
 
 Webster. Rev. William E 130, 293 
 
 Weddle. Joseph 328 
 
 Weeil. Charles G 171 
 
 Weed, Daniel T 313 
 
 Weed, David 170 
 
 Weed, Deborah (Noj'es) 170 
 
 Weed, Elizabeth M. (Goodsell) 154, 171 
 
 Weed, Ella 171 
 
 Weed, Frank 171 
 
 Weed, Harvey 115, 154 
 
 Weed, Jonathan N. ... 74. 76, 169, 170, 189, 191 
 
 Weeden, 328, 329 
 
 Weigand, Anna Catharine 18 
 
 Weigaud, Martin 22, 25 
 
 Weigand, Mlebael 18, 23, 66 
 
 Weikert, Rev. S. A 150 
 
 Welch, Capt. J. W 45 
 
 Weller, Adeline (Crist) 211 
 
 Weller, Abram 280 
 
 Weller, Alanson Y 136, 173, 255, 294, 295 
 
 Weller, Elizabeth (Galatian) 211 
 
 Weller, Frank S 209 
 
 Weller, George 172, 210 
 
 Weller, Georg e, Sr 211 
 
 Weller, George, Jr 211 
 
 Weller, George S 79, 152 
 
 AVeller, Hiram 94 
 
 Weller, Mary (Dickerson) 211 
 
 Weller. T. A 305 
 
 Weller, William C 2U 
 
 Welling, 144 
 
 Wells, Albert 131 
 
 Wells, C. F 46 
 
 Wells, Edward 106 
 
 Wells, Prof. Edward 70 
 
 Wells, John H 331 
 
 Wells, John W 200, 212 
 
 Wells, Sarah 298 
 
 Wentz. James M 54, 148, 172, 173, 175 
 
 Wenzel, George C 75, 80, 268 
 
 Westcott, Rev. Lsaac 130 
 
 Westerman. Rev. James 146 
 
 Westervelt , Catharine (Gorham) 107 
 
 Westervelt, John L 105, lOli, 107, 136 
 
 Westervelt, Kasparus van 107 
 
 Westervelt, Lubbertse van 107 
 
 Westlake, George 125 
 
 Westlake, Johu 125 
 
 Westlake, Theodore 139 
 
 Westlake, Walton 139 
 
 Weston , John 314 
 
 Weston, Justine 215 
 
 AVeston, Mary C. (Horribeck) 215 
 
 Weston, Ralph 215 
 
 Weston. Wilbur H 176, 191, 214 
 
i6 
 
 PERSONAL INDEX 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Weygant, Col. Charles H 45,65, 66, 67,75, 
 
 105. lis, ISl, 191 
 
 Weygaut, Cliarlutte (Sackott) Im 
 
 We.vgant, James li.,i 
 
 Wheeler, Col. S. B 21S 
 
 Whehm, Eihvanl Ii; 
 
 Whelan, Robert N •_>7:) 
 
 Whetstone, John l;);l 
 
 Whipple, General -106 
 
 Whipple. Major General W . D .l,i 
 
 Whitbeek, David L Ki-i 
 
 AVliitaker, Samuel nil, ;ii5 
 
 AVhite, Isaac :^:i5 
 
 White, John H 76 
 
 White, James R IIW 
 
 AVhite, Margaret H-i7 
 
 Whited, Isaac W 1:W 
 
 Whited. John 177 
 
 Whitehlll, Clarence 235 
 
 Whitcliill & Clevelnud....ai, 257,253, 359,360 
 Whitehill Engine and PIctet Ice Ma- 
 chine Co IK, 2.35, 336, 242, 247, 255 
 
 AVhitehill, Jeannettc Slurra.v 237 
 
 Whitehlll , Hugh 3:)7. S7, 360, 264 
 
 Whitehill. James 74 
 
 Whitehill, Robert. . .69, 74, 79, 98, 172, 189, 191, 
 335,2:57,2:18,342,247 
 
 Whitehill Sniitl) & Co 341 
 
 Whiteniarsh, A ]:;i 
 
 Wier,Capt.G. V 45 
 
 Wierman, Catharine ]8 
 
 Wierman, Mary 18 
 
 Wiggins, Charle.s L 89 
 
 Wiggins, Levi O., M. D 89 
 
 Wiggins, Mary tCoruell) ,tS 
 
 Wiggins, Mary E.lOlmstead) 89 
 
 Wiggins, Olive (Jillett) 88 
 
 Wiggins, L. Y., M. D 86, 8S 
 
 PAllE. 
 
 Wiggins, Steplien »« 
 
 Wigglus, William 88 
 
 Wlghtwlek, l'J7 
 
 Wiley, William M 132, 198, 199, :131 
 
 Wllklu ,t liolt 163 
 
 Wllklii, Jiulge 383 
 
 Wilkinson, E. B 46 
 
 Wllklu.sou, Gcoru.- 813, 314 
 
 Wilkinson, James (i 191 
 
 Wilkinson, .Tohn G 153. 31:1, :;14 
 
 Wilkinson, John G. & Co :113 
 
 Wlllard, Frauds A UH. 179, 191 
 
 Wl I lard & Rons 178 
 
 Willard ,« Tucker 179 
 
 Williams, Oapt. Altrcd H 45 
 
 Williams, Benjamin 317 
 
 Williams, Charles E 119, 189,191, 362 
 
 Williams, C. L 178 
 
 Williams, George A 105 
 
 Williams, Right Rev. John 115 
 
 Williams, Jonas 78, ]II6, 362 
 
 Williams. JIartha Louisa (Clark) 78 
 
 Williams, Minnie P. (Goodale) 317 
 
 Williams. Samuel 105 
 
 Williams. William 106 
 
 Willis, James 198 
 
 Willis, Nathaniel Parker .52, 57, 85 
 
 Willsou. Rev. James R.. D. D....I33. 13:1, 159, 
 177, 3110 
 
 Wilson, :r29 
 
 Wilson, Aaron 335 
 
 Wilson, Arthur 167, 169. :J29 
 
 Wilson, Mrs. Arthur 212 
 
 Wilson, Francis 140 
 
 AVilson. Henry, M. D 86 
 
 Wilson, James E.. Jr lijl 
 
 Wilson. Jonathan D 76. 213 
 
 Wilson, Jonathan D., Jr lul, 125 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Wilson, J. E 329 
 
 Wilson, .lohn M 76. i:)9 
 
 Wilson, Kate A. (Todd) 214 
 
 Wilson, Moses 1.5.1 
 
 Wilson, Nicholas 103, 202 
 
 Wilson, Tlldcn H 81, 2l:i, 314 
 
 Wilson, T. & J 6!1, 70, 191 
 
 Wilson, William 37, l*) 
 
 Wlltsic, Arthur V 176 
 
 Wlltsle, Ii. Ered 45 
 
 Wlltsic, John R 181, 201, 31 1, ;i28 
 
 WInaus, H. E., M. D 86 
 
 Wlnaus, Lemuel J 76 
 
 Winchester. Col. Locke W 45 
 
 Wiudoni.Hon. William 120 
 
 Wines, Rev. CM 141 
 
 WInncId, Hon. Charles II 41, 161, 181 
 
 Wlnfleld, Ellas 177 
 
 Wise, Charles H 131 
 
 Wise, Gertrude 101 
 
 Wis,-. .lohn 101 
 
 Wiseman. J. Scott 45, 135 
 
 Withers, Alex. J 76 
 
 Withers, Frederick C 141,144 
 
 Wood, :12:i, 32S 
 
 Wood, AmosR 241 
 
 Wood, A. Stanley 69 
 
 Wood, Frank G 191 
 
 Wood, Isaac, Jr 77, 97, 294, 295, 33:1, 331, :?28 
 
 Wood, John X 105 
 
 Wood, :)Iary G 155 
 
 Wood, Stephen Ii< 
 
 Wood . S. S 178 
 
 Wood, Wllll.am H 341 
 
 Woodln, John 135 
 
 Woodruft & Beach 244 
 
 Woods. William J Ml. 10:i 
 
 Woodsell, 128 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Woolley, C. N., M. D 86, 1' 5, 100,10 
 
 Wooiiey. Margaret B. (Fithlan) l** 
 
 Woolsey, Antoinette 1» 
 
 Woolsey, Caiitain D, C 22: 
 
 Woolsey, Levi D 19( 
 
 Woolsey, Margaret (Carter) 191 
 
 Woude. Rev. Henry H 14f 
 
 Wright. Mrs. A. B 15f 
 
 Wright, Alexander 12; 
 
 Wright. Colonel 4« 
 
 Wright, Col. W. W 297 
 
 Wright I William) Engine Works. .03, 72, 109 
 
 Wright, Frank A 09, 149 
 
 Wright, Harry 329 
 
 Wright, Jacob 243 
 
 . Wright, Joseph 243 
 
 Wright, Rev. Lyman 130 
 
 Wright, Nicholas 94 
 
 Wright. .Samuel 94, 122 
 
 Wright, Wm. .191, ttl. 232, 242, 243, 241,21.5, 268 
 
 Wright, William & Co 245 
 
 Wyatt, Captain 55 
 
 Wyckotf , Henry 155 
 
 WyckolT, William 84 
 
 Wygant, Martin 23 
 
 Wygant, Tookcr 185 
 
 Wygant, William J loi 
 
 Wylle. George 250 
 
 Wynkoop, Gltty 53 
 
 Xavler, Rev. Henry ]46 
 
 Yates, Edmund 231 
 
 Young, Alexander 170 
 
 Young, James 328 
 
 Young, James S 77 
 
 Youngblood, G. W igo 
 
 Youngblood, Mrs. Rev. W 451 
 
 Zeller. ' as 
 
 Ziegenfuss, Rev. H. L igo 
 
 The PiinT..TVi'Ks, iiR "Mali-Tone" Ili.istkations, 
 
 in this booli (with three exceptions) 
 
 were furnished by 
 
 THE MATTIIEWS-iXORTIIRUP CO., 
 
 Buffalo. N. Y. 
 
 ''[hii^vj-: 
 
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PAST. 
 
 The Palatines— The Story of the Glebe— Early Inhabitants— Building a City. 
 
 X the western bank of the Hudson, where it expands 
 into the beautiful bay at the northern portal of the 
 Highlands/is the thriving and historic city which is 
 our home. Five miles north the river hides its course 
 behind the Danskammer ; to the south its waters 
 wash the stony foot of old Storm King, and a little 
 farther on 
 
 " The moon looks down on old Cro' Nest 
 And mellows the shades on his shaggy breast." 
 
 Across the bay the Beacons stand sentinel, with pretty villages at 
 their feet; behind us stretch the green, billowy fields of Orange 
 
 spirit thus implanted is manifest in the people of the place to this 
 day. 
 
 The present city of Newburgh is included in lands purchased by 
 Governor Dongan, of New York, in 1684, and conveyed by patent 
 ten years later to Captain John Evans. This patent was annulled in 
 1699, and that portion of the lands now in whole or in part embraced 
 in the city limits ^vas subsequently granted in ten separate parcels. 
 In the year 1688, Louvois, the war minister of Louis XIV, in order 
 to cripple the enemies of France, gave orders for the devastation of 
 the Palatinate, a strip of territory on the middle Rhine, now included 
 in Bavaria, Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, and the states of Rhenish 
 Prussia. The French generals, eager to prevent as much suffering 
 
 NEWBURGH BAY- LOOKING NOHTH FROM WASHINGTON HEIGHTS, 
 
 County, dotted with farm-houses and scarred by highways; here and 
 yonder a village; in the northwest the j^eaks of the Shawangunks 
 and Catskills outlined against the sky. 
 
 Where now the city sits on her several terraces the ^\'aoraneck 
 (or Murderer's Creek) Indians had their dominion; on the northern 
 spur of the Schunemunk was their stronghold, on the Danskammer 
 they assembled to supplicate the Great Spirit. The first white settlers 
 of these parts were French Huguenots, Scotch Presbyterians, and 
 German husbandmen from the Rhine. Driven from the Old World 
 by religious persecution they came to the New, and here, on and near 
 the banks of the Hudson, they made a home and worshipped the 
 omnipresent God as their conscience moved them. The deep religious 
 
 as possible, gave the i^eople warning of the fate awaiting them. 
 Quickly gathering such things as they could carry, the disconsolate 
 Germans fled for their lives, and wandered about Europe for some 
 years seeking a new home. A party of them went to England, in 
 ryoS, and the EngHsh Government, which had been for a long time 
 debating the wisdom of collecting the poor outcasts from the Palati- 
 nate and sending them to America as colonists, c<jncluded to send 
 this party to the banks of the Hudson. Queen Anne, greatly inter- 
 ested in the fugitives, herself bore the expense of their passage to 
 New York, where they landed in the winter of 1708-g, They were 
 sent to the vicinity of Quassaick Creek, and ten years later a patent 
 was issued to them by the Government for 2,igo acres of land, ex- 
 
 [■7] 
 
i8 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 tending along the river-front from the Quassaick t.. :i little stream 
 near the Balmville Tree, and westward to about the present line ..I 
 West Street. They were all followers .,f Luther and members cf the 
 Lutheran Chureh. 
 
 NEWI-SUROI CI-;XSUS Fl>K ITllH. 
 The following is a list 111" the f:imilies criginall)' e. instituting this 
 pioneer compan)-; 
 
 1. Joshua KoeKERrn.M., minister, aged 3.,; liis wife, Siljylu ChurluUu, and 
 their children, three in number. 
 
 2. LOKEN'I'Z SCHWlSaER, husbandman and vintT, aged j^; his wife, Anna 
 Catharine, and their child, aged S years. 
 
 3. HeinricH Ren.\.\i , stiiuking-niaker and husbandman, aged 14; his wife, 
 Johanna, and their two children, and two sisters of his wife, Susanna and 
 Maria Johanna Liboschain, aged 15 and w respccti\-ely. 
 
 4. Andries Volck, husbandman and viner, aged 30; his wife, Anna 
 Catharine, and their four children. 
 
 5. JIich.\el Weig.\ni>, husbandman, aged 52; his wife, Anna Catharine, and 
 their three children. 
 
 Ill assist them. The government made them a trifling 
 "ijd. a day jier head," and in the spring of 
 
 allowaiiee of 
 1 7 10 sent them 
 tools and building material, also iron and steel for horseshoes, 
 nails, etc., medieines, books, paper, agricultural implements, horses, 
 eows and pigs. The Surveyor-general of the province was directed 
 to lay out farms for them, but the first survey (in 1714) ^vas not satis- 
 factory to the settlers, who represented that the land being " all up- 
 land" the)- were not able to obtain subsistence for themselves and 
 families " for want of some meadow land for fodder for their cattle in 
 winter." Finally the tract was divided into nine lots, which were 
 numbered from one to nine, each lot containing a suitable quantity 
 for each family, to which they were apportioned. 
 
 Before the final allotinent changes occurred in the original 
 company; some had died, and others had moved elsewhere, and in ap- 
 portioning the lands these changes were recognized. The patent 
 was finally issued Dec. iS, 1719, and the settlement was called "The 
 Palatine Parish by Quassaick." By the terms of the patent, forty 
 acres were reserved for highways, and five hundred acres for a 
 
 
 NEWBURCiH — LOOKING 
 
 ■d -7; his wife, Maria 
 
 6. Jacob Webber, husbandman and \-iner, aged yr, his wife. Anna Elizabeth, 
 and their two children. 
 
 7. JOH.\NNES Jacob PLETTEL, aged 40, husbandman and viner; his wife, 
 Anna Elizabeth, and their three children. [Mr. Plettel died on the passage 
 to America, and his widow married George l^uckstead, who arrived afterwards.] 
 
 8. Johannes Fischer, smith and husbandman 
 Barbara, and their son, aged 2 weeks. 
 
 g. Melchior GU IX II, carpenter, aged 30; his wife, Anna Catharine, and their 
 two children. 
 
 TO. Isaac TURCK, husbandman, aged .-;, unmarried. 
 
 11. Pei er Rose liir La Rossi, cloth-weaver, aged 34; and his wife, Johanna, 
 Mary Wierman, his mother-in-law, and Catharine, her child, aged 2. 
 
 12. Isaac FEBER, husbandman and viner, aged 33; his wife, Cath.-irinc, and 
 their son Abram, aged 2. 
 
 13. Daniel FIERE, husbandman, aged ,.;; his wife, .\nna JIaria, and llieir 
 two children. 
 
 14. Herman Scnu'NIOM.^N, clerk, aged 28, unmarneil. 
 
 They were fifty-three in number, all in abject ]iiivert\'. Thev 
 brought nothing with them, and left behind no friends able 
 
 (Hebe. The first roads laid out were the King's Highwa)- (now 
 Liberty Street), extending north and south entirely across the patent, 
 and another running westward from the river (now known as 
 Broadway); but the latter was not opened till manv years later. The 
 (Jlebe is bounded liy Smith Street mi the smith, and North Street on 
 the north. 
 
 In apportioning the land George Lockstead and familv received 250 
 acres bordering on (luassaick Creek. He had married the widow of 
 Johannes Jaci lb I'leltel. Michael Weigand and family received 250 
 acres adjoining on the north, which included the present Washington 
 Headquarters building. Herman Schuneman and wife received 100 
 acres lying between Washington Street and Broadway. Christian 
 llenrickc had 100 acres between Broadway and First Street, which is 
 the tract referred to hereafter as being the first to bear the name of 
 "Newburgh." The Rev. Joshua Koekerthal having died, his widow 
 and children received 250 acres between First and Smith Streets. 
 Burger Meynders, a blacksmith from Kingston, purehascil the interest 
 of Peter Rose, and received 100 acres on the north si,|^. ^^f North 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 19 
 
 street. Jacob Webber, Johannes Fischer and Andries Volck received 
 Lots 7, 8 and g respectively; and Melchior Gulch and Peter Johnson 
 had previously received (October, 1719,) 300 acres each, lying north of 
 the principal tract, in the district now called Jliddlehope. 
 
 Andries Volck and Jacob Webber were the first Trustees of the 
 Glebe, charged with administering its affairs for the benefit and 
 behoof of a Lutheran minister, for which purpose it was to be leased 
 in whole or in parcels for terms not longer than seven years, and to 
 be subject to the annual payment to the provincial authorities of one 
 peppercorn. A minister from New York made annual visits to the 
 -parish until 1723, and after 1725 his successor made semi-annual 
 visits. 
 
 In the year 1733 Michael Christian Knoll was appointed a minister 
 at Quassaick Creek, Wappingers' Creek and Hackensack. He served 
 in the Parish of Quassaick three times each year, receiving thirty 
 "cheeples" of wheat annualty. During his term of service the 
 Palatines erected the church afterwards known as the Glebe school- 
 house. It stood in the burial-ground in Liberty Street, and its site 
 
 to the eastern portion of the plot between First Street and Broadway, 
 which had been sold by Christian Henricke to Governor William 
 Burnet, from whom it was purchased by Cadwallader Golden and 
 others, comprising a company, and laid out in town lots, about 1730, 
 and given the name of the Town of Newburgh Plot, which sub- 
 sequently became a considerable hamlet. 
 
 Not only did the new-comers change the civil institutions of the 
 settlement, but the rehgious complexion as well. In 1747, outnum- 
 bering the Lutherans, they elected Alexander Golden and Richard 
 Albertson trustees of the Glebe, and the latter immediately pre- 
 pared to open the church to the ministers of the Church of 
 England, one of whom, the Rev. Hezekiah Watkins, being 
 even then stationed in the district. On the Sabbath when 
 they held their first service in the building some went armed 
 with swords and sticks. The Lutheran minister and his flock ap- 
 peared at the door and made a public protest, afterwards retiring to 
 a private house near by to hold their service. Tradition says the 
 Lutherans attempted a forcible ejectment of the occupants, and in the 
 
 FROM FISHKILL LANDING. 
 
 is now marked by four posts. Its dimensions, it is said, were 
 about twenty (?) feet square, with a roof extending up four sides to a 
 little cupola, where hung the bell, the gift of Queen Anne. With 
 regard to this bell an aged resident now dead wrote; "It was the 
 smartest little bell I ever heard; you could hear it ring clear down to 
 Murderer's Creek." The house was of very primitive construction; 
 flooring and chimney it had none, save an aperture in the roof through 
 which the smoke ascended. 
 
 A CHANGE OP ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 Some of the settlers, lured by promises of better lands, and more 
 intimate association with those of their own nationality, sold their 
 farms and moved away; others were laid at rest in the old churchyard, 
 and the settlement attracted new-comers, who gradually became 
 more numerous than the remnant of the original settlers, till from a 
 German settlement the place had passed, in 1743, almost wholly under 
 the control of the Scotch-EngUsh, and been rcchristened with the 
 Scotchnameof "Newburgh," which at first, however, apphed only 
 
 skirmish the door of the church was torn from its hinges, and one 
 stalwart Lutheran (said to have been Burger Meynders), was buried 
 beneath it as it fell. He escaped with few bruises, and his brave but 
 outnumbered companions retreated with woeful countenances from 
 the house of prayer they had erected. 
 
 In 1749 a decision of the council of the provinces refusing to set 
 aside the election and the acts of the Trustees, practically put an end 
 to the Lutheran parish by Quassaick. 
 
 The little bell was taken by night from the cupola and hidden in 
 swamp, where it remained for a number of years. It was again con- 
 cealed during the Revolution, and when peace came it was hung m 
 the old Academy and used at the assembly of courts there, as well as 
 for church and school purposes. In 1833 it was sold by the Trustees 
 for $21.75, in exchange for the bell now in use.* 
 
 * "Wu have Ell HeadquartLTS a bell which purports to be the old Glebe bell, 
 and which I have myself believed to be such, but which I find to be an error. 
 The old bell weighed 116 pounds, and so precise are the details of an account 
 which 1 find, that even the freight charge on it to New York is given."— £■. A/. 
 Riittcnbcr. 
 
20 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 21 
 
22 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 NEWBURGH DIRECTORY I''I>R IT 
 
 In 1750 the resident 
 ing: 
 
 Richard Albcrtson, 
 Joseph Albertson, 
 Duncan Alexander, 
 Isaac Belknap, 
 Abel Belknap, 
 Henry Bend, 
 Isaac Brown, M. 1)., 
 Thomas Brown, 
 Alex. Brewer, 
 Alex. Colden, 
 David Conner, 
 Edmund Conklin, jr. 
 James Denton, 
 Samuel Denton, 
 
 real estate and leaseholders were the foUow- 
 
 Jonas Denton, 
 Jliehael Dermott, 
 Henry Don, 
 ^lorris Fowler, 
 Nathan Fnrman, 
 Jonathan Hasbrouck, 
 Caklass Leveridge, 
 William JMitchell, 
 Robt. Morrison, M.D. 
 William Miller, 
 Patrick iUcCary, 
 Charles JleCary, 
 John Morrell, 
 Thomas Morrell, 
 William Smith, 
 
 James Smith, 
 Thaddeus Smith, 
 Henry Smith, 
 Samuel Sands, 
 Daniel Thurston, 
 Jonas Tidd, 
 Martin Weigand, 
 Thomas Waters, 
 , William Ward, 
 William Ward, jr. 
 Thomas Ward, 
 Jeremiah Ward, 
 Jacob Wandel, 
 John Wandel. 
 
 The new-comers were mainly members of the English Church. 
 Happily, they were energetic, enterprising and intelligent people. 
 
 corner of Broad and Liberty Streets, but afterwards moved to 
 Liberty Street opposite Gidney Avenue. Isaac Belknap lived near 
 where is now the junction of Colden and Water Streets, and sailed a 
 sloop- Richard Albertson was the sheriff of the county (then Ulster). 
 The Wards were of Palatine stock by inter-marriage, and ancestors 
 of the famous oarsmen, the Ward brothers. The farm lying between 
 First Street and South was purchased fr.jm the widow and family of 
 Joshua Kockerthal by James Smith, and eventually descended to 
 Benjamin Smith, except a piece in the southeast corner now covered 
 in part by " the Square," which was sold to yVlexander Colden. 
 
 In 1752 a new patent was issued by the Government, and the 
 Glebe lands of " The Parish of Quassaick " were formally transferred 
 to Alexander Colden and Richard Albertson, under the title of " The 
 Parish of Newburgh," to hold the benefice for the support of a minis- 
 ter of the Church of England and a school-master. One of the first 
 acts of the new Trustees was to lay out streets through the Glebe, 
 namely, South, Clinton, Broad, XicoUs and North, running east and 
 west; and Water, Hasbrouck (now Montgomery), Seckond (now 
 Grand), and Kings (now Liberty), extending between North and 
 South Streets, and two unnamed streets extending between Broad 
 and North, west of Liberty. South, Broad, NicoU and North 
 
 NEWBURGH — FROM THE RIVER NEAR SOUTH STREET 
 
 and their acquisition was most favorable to the growth of the jjlace. 
 Alexander Colden was a son of Lieut. -Gov. Colden, of Coldenham; 
 he had been a resident for several years. In 1743 he obtained the 
 charter for the Newburgh ferry, by virtue of which the privilege 
 is still held. Sail and rowboats were used for the purpose of ferriage , 
 and the landing-place was at the foot of First Street. He erected a 
 grist mill on the site now occupied by the Newburgh Bleachcry, and 
 sailed a sloop to New York from his dock at the foot of First Street. 
 Jonathan Hasbrouck was from the Huguenot settlement at New 
 Paltz, and had acquired the possession of a large tract of land, part 
 of which is now the Headquarters jjroperty. He erected the historic 
 building in several parts at different times, and purchased and 
 managed the Colden grist mill. James Denton erected a grist mill at 
 Denton's Creek, south of Balmville, and had also a small store. 
 Duncan Alexander was the brother of William Alexander, familiarly 
 known in the history of the Revolution as Lord Sterling. John 
 Morrell, Doctor ^lorrison, AVilliam Ward, Henry Bend and Joseph 
 Albertson lived on the cast .side of Liberty Street, north of South; 
 Henry Don lived on the northeast corner of South and Grand 
 Streets; WiUiam Ward, jr., lived on the east side of Montgomery 
 Street, north of Clinton; Martin Weigand then had a tavern at the 
 
 were laid out on the map to the western limits of the Glebe, and 
 Clinton only as far west as Liberty. South, Broad and North Streets 
 were each two chains wide, and the others each one chain. The land 
 was also divided into lots, of one acre each, making six lots in each 
 square. 
 
 The trustees also established a public landing at the foot of North 
 Street, held agricultural fairs, took temporal charge of the church, 
 erected a parsonage, and a residence and schoolhouse combined for 
 the school-master, and did other ennobling work which contributed to 
 the growth and prosperity of the place. The parsonage stood on the 
 west side (jf the King's Highway (Liberty Street), north of Gidney 
 Avenue. It had a single st(jry and attic and a portico, and was about 
 thirty-five feet square. There Hezckiah Watkins, the first resident 
 English clergyman, lived. It eventually became a tenement house. 
 The school-master's house was also on the west side of Liberty Street 
 near CHnton. 
 
 In 1762 Newburgh was set off from the precinct of the Highlands, 
 and made a precinct by itself. The records of the town of New- 
 burgh date from the following year, when the citizens met at the 
 house of Jonathan Hasbrouck (Washington's Headquarters), and 
 elected the precinct oificials. Newburgh then included tlic present 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 23 
 
 towns of Marlborough and Plattekill, which ten years later were in- 
 corporated as the Town of New Marlborough, leaving New burgh 
 with its present bounds. 
 
 The hamlet on the Glebe in 1776 comprised less than a score 
 of houses. Three boats owned in the town made trips to New 
 York, and "people from the back parts of the country" brought 
 their produce to Newburgh for shipment. The first tavern was 
 erected by Martin Wygant (or Weigand), a grandson of Michael 
 Weigand, one of the original settlers, on the north side of Broad 
 Street, near Liberty. During one period of the Revolution General 
 Wa^Tie had his headquarters at JIartin Weigand's house, then on 
 Liberty Street, opposite Gidney Avenue, and there, also, the towns- 
 people often met to transact public business. 
 
 Many mills were built on the creeks in the vicinity — on Quassaick 
 Creek, Tent Stone Meadow Creek and Fostertown Creek, among 
 others. Hamlets grew up near these miUs, and at some places there 
 
 1775) in the southern district of Ulster County, of which Jonathan 
 Hasbrouck, of Newburgh, was Colonel. Two companies were 
 organized for this regiment in Newburgh, the first commanded by 
 Samuel Clark and the second by Arthur Smith. In December follow- 
 ing a regiment of minute men was organized with Thomas Palmer, 
 of Newburgh, as Colonel. In the Summer of 1776 the convention di- 
 rected the general committee of the county to organize three companies 
 (201 men) of rangers, to be employed " as scouting parties to range the 
 woods " and prevent attacks by the Indians. Of one of the compa- 
 nies Isaac Belknap, of Newburgh, was appointed captain. In addition 
 to these regiments and companies, the committee of safety was 
 constantly engaged in promoting enlistments. Even the aged were 
 not exempt from duty, and "those who under ordinary circumstances 
 would be exempts," were asked (in 1778) to form companies to repel 
 invasions and suppress insurrections; and a company of that kind was 
 formed, of which Samuel Edmonds was captain. Martin Weigand's 
 
 NEWBURGH FROM THE RIVER NEAR FIFTH STREET. 
 
 was a smith's shop, and, also, that Noah's ark of commerce, a 
 country store. The population at Balmville became fully as large as 
 that on the Glebe. 
 
 The results of all these years of pioneer labor were e.Khibited in 
 many well cultivated farms, and in the substantial dwellings that had 
 supplanted the rude log cabins. The lumber business of the town 
 became important, and large quantities of ship-timber, planks and 
 staves were forwarded to market, the public landing at North Street 
 being almost exclusively used for this purpose. Shipyards were 
 established, and Newburgh ships engaged in the Liverpool trade, 
 smaller vessels running to points on the coast and to the West In- 
 dies. In colonial days Newburgh was also a whaling town of some 
 importance. 
 
 THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 
 
 Newburgh's historic record is indissolubly bound up with that of 
 the great struggle for freedom from foreign dominion, and the city 
 has within its limits reUcs and memories of those times when the 
 terrors of the war tried men's souls to the uttermost, and when the 
 village acquired a distinction that will cling as long as the nation 
 shall endure. The Precinct of Newburgh had its own com- 
 mittee of safety, responsible at first to the general committee at the 
 City of New York, and subsequently recognized by the provincial 
 committee of safety, and invested with the control of the minute men 
 and the duties of local administration. A regiment was formed (June, 
 
 tavern was the rendezvous for Colonel Hasbrouck's regiment "upon 
 any proper alarm." 
 
 How frequently the militia of Newburgh was called out is shown 
 by the following return made of the service of Colonel Hasbrouck's 
 regiment : 
 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 1776. 
 '777 
 1777 
 
 .Alarm and service at Ramapo . 
 
 .300 men, .27 days. 
 • 14 
 
 at Frirt Mont.Ljomery. ,150 
 
 " " ,. " " at Peekskill =50 
 
 July, " .. " '' at Furt ^lontKoniery, .460 
 
 Au^. " .. " " " " ..500 
 
 Oct. " .. " " at Fort Constitution. .200 
 
 '• " ,. " " at Burning o£ Esopus. 460 " ..30 
 
 Nov. " .. " " at New Windsor 120 " ..45 
 
 April, 1778.. " " at West Point 420 
 
 A depot of stores, which was established in the precinct in 1777, 
 was maintained until peace came, the people often being called upon 
 to collect the stores needed by the army, and to transport them to 
 other points; the place was made a general rendezvous for troops, and 
 the billeting of soldiers on the inhabitants was of frequent occurrence. 
 It is true that the precinct escaped direct devastation by the British ; 
 even the vessels of the Crown did but little injury when they 
 voyaged up the Hudson in the fall of 1777, but many of the men 
 of the neighborhood were killed or taken prisoners in the gallant, 
 though hopeless, defense of the forts in the Highlands. 
 
24 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 In those days Newburgh had but few opened streets, the prineipal 
 one being the King's Highway, along which were scattered a few 
 odd-looking brown houses, tlie old church, the parsonage and 
 schoolhouse. Broad Street extended only a short distance below 
 Grand. The road to the feiTy ran across Jonathan Hasbrouck's farm 
 and the Colden plot, from Hasbrouck's grist mill on Quassaick Creek, 
 to near the corner of Colden and First Streets, and then circled around 
 the hill to the river. There was a public dock there. When the 
 army came the lower part of the Smith farm was occupied by store- 
 houses and barracks for soldiers. (These buildings were used after 
 the war for business purposes.) The Colden road was then extended 
 to where is now Third Street. After the extension of this road the 
 ferry ran from a place immediately north of where Mailler's dock now 
 is. The Government built a doclc, in the early part of the war, at the 
 foot of Third Street (and subsequently another at Fourth Street), and 
 a road was laid out from the docks and army buildings diagonally up 
 the hill to a junction with South Street, about opposite where is now 
 the First Baptist Church. Water Street was not completely opened 
 till the Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike was established. 
 
 There were seventeen houses in all on the Glebe (since known as 
 " Old To\vn"). and four at Colden's Gore, the name given to the inter- 
 
 was killed. Except as prisoners, no British soldiers were seen in the 
 vicinity afterward. 
 
 One who was a resident of the village during the war left on 
 record the following : " The appearance of General Washington was 
 familiar to me. He seemed different from anyone else. He was of 
 a commanding form, and had a kind, calm and majestic countenance ; 
 a splendid rider, and we boys reverenced him, and extended a due 
 share of our respect to his hor.sc and servant Will, a handsome 
 black, somewhat in years. The (.Jeneral rode a bay horse, and his 
 servant rode behind on a brown horse. Mrs. Washington was short 
 and stout. I thought she was homely and could never have been a 
 handsome woman. The Headquarters house had a post and rail 
 fence around it, and an orchard on the west side ; a large barn and 
 monstrous hay barracks stood southwest of the house. The Life 
 Guards used to parade in the dooryard west of the house ; they were 
 a fine body of men, every one six feet and over in height." 
 
 The Charter of the Glebe was comphed with down to 1793, the 
 Protestant Kpiscopal Church having been recognized as the legal re- 
 cipient of the benefits of the Glebe. Probably the succession of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church would have continued to the present 
 time had not that church ceased to exist on the German patent. 
 
 NEWBURGH-FROM THE RIVER NEAR THIRD STREET. 
 
 section of Water and Colden Streets, one cjf these being Capt. Isaac 
 Belknap's and another Alex. Colden's. At the south end of the King's 
 Highway was the Hasbrouck house. James Smith had a residence 
 in Smith Street, east side, near Second. Benjamin Smith, who became 
 the owner of the Smith farm (lying between First and South Streets), 
 hved in Liberty Street, corner of Campbell. The hillsides were cov- 
 ered with orchards. A strip of land along tlie river from Barclay 
 Street to North was called the Dismal Swamp, and was covered 
 with a dense and unbroken thicket. Ship-building was an important 
 industry before and after the war. 
 
 During the Revolution the fife and drum were heard almost con- 
 stantly in the streets. When the British sailed up the river to burn 
 Kingston, after the capture of the forts in the I-fighlands, October 6, 
 1777, Newburgh people hid their valuables in the woods. Almost 
 all the male portion of the population had gone to the defense of the 
 forts. The approach <>{ the fleet was made known by the kindling of 
 fires on the mountain tops. Here and there independent bodies of 
 men assembled on the shore, and fired at the ships as they passed. 
 Many shots were fired at the village, and the women and children 
 hid in the cellars. On the 23d the ships passed down the river, and 
 again fired on the village. One man on the ferryboat (a periagua) 
 
 From 1793 to 1ST5 there was no regular minister, and nothing but a 
 temporary church organization. 
 
 The aljsenceof a legal ecclesiastical beneficiary, and other reasons, 
 led the inhabitants in 1S03 to obtain a legislative enactment provid- 
 ing that the income of the Glebe be divided between the Newburgh 
 Academy and such other schools as then existed, or might thereafter 
 exist, on the Glebe. In 1S05 an effort was made in "the courts to 
 regain the land, but it failed. 
 
 Created and endowed by the English Clnvernment long before the 
 conception of independence, or the establishment of our system of 
 titles to lands, preserved inviolate by the laws o{ the colony and con- 
 stitution of the State, the Glebe instituted an Academv which 
 served this community nearly a century, and in 1SS6, by the consoU- 
 dation of its capital and conversion of its leases, it paid nearly half of 
 the cost of the new Academy building. In 1SS4 an act of the Legis- 
 lature was passed authorizing the trustees, on certain payments 
 being made, to commute the rents and release the property from 
 further charge; and the original tract has all been released with the 
 exception of a comparatively few lots. 
 
 An old gentleman, born in Newburgh before the Revolution left the 
 following reminiscence ; ' ' The old story of the seizure of the Palatine 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 25 
 
 Church, and caiTying off the bell, I heard repeated a great many 
 years ago. It was always said it was Burger Jleynders who was 
 buried under the falling door during the fracas. Meynders then own- 
 ed the Headquarters property, and I always understood he built the 
 oldest part of the house. The church was used as a blacksmith-shop 
 by Morgan Cole before it was fitted up as a schoolhouse. Once 
 during the war soldiers stabled their horses in it. After the war 
 Martin Weigand, who had a deep regard for the old church, suggest- 
 ed that it be repaired. The project was agreed to by others, and 
 the repairs were made. After that the Methodists, and preachers of 
 other denominations, conducted services there. " 
 
 " 'Twas a low building reared by pious hands 
 'Midst the deep foliag-e of the darksome wood; 
 
 Poor was its state, and many years had told 
 Their passin.a: seasons o'er its humble roof; 
 Relentless time had grasped the lowly gate. 
 
 And crumbling dust bespoke its fearful might. 
 
 The mouldering doorway and the falling walls. 
 The creaking pulpit and its aged cloth. 
 The glassless frames, the time-worn sacred book. 
 
 The worn-out seats, and the cold, forsaken aisle. 
 
 Seemed in the dimness of the evening shade 
 The fearful relics of departed years. 
 Untouched of earth and sacred made to Heaven." 
 
 LAYING OUT THE CITY. 
 
 Notwithstanding the hardships and sacrifices imposed on the 
 people by the war, the growth of the town was rapid both during 
 
 Newburgh pUjt had been opened by Cachvallader Colden previous to 
 1730, and was located between First Street and what is now Broad- 
 way (though the latter street was not opened till 1801). It was the 
 first plot to bear the name of Newburgh. 
 
 Until 171)0 the village was a disjointed settlement. The three 
 township plots of which it was composed had no connection, except 
 through Liberty Street and a few " cross-lot " roads. South, North, 
 NicoU, Clinton, Water, Montgomery and Grand (on the Glebe) 
 existed mainly on paper; while High Street and the road described 
 as running diagonally across the plot, were, (with the exception of 
 Liberty Street) the only opened roads in the Town of Newburgh 
 plot. None of the lateral streets intersected each other till 1790, 
 when the road commissioners accepted the dedications that had been 
 made, and took the task in hand of joining together the streets of the 
 three distinct original divisions of the present city. An angle was 
 unavoidably formed in Water Street at the junction of Colden, at 
 High and Smith, and at Montgomery and Hasbrouck (now called 
 Hudson Terrace), and the citizens thus have a perpetual memorial of 
 the Township of Newburgh, the Township of Washington and the 
 Glebe. South Street, the dividing line between the Glebe and the 
 Township of Washington, was originally laid out from the river 
 directly west to the west bounds of the patent, and was at first 
 opened from Liberty Street to the river. West of Liberty Street its 
 course was subsequently changed, by order of the trustees, because 
 the western end, as originallj- laid out, " running through wet ground 
 and (jver a high hill" was "impracticable." and it was agreed to 
 
 THE HIGHLANDS— FROM NEAR DOWNING PARK. 
 
 and immediately after that period. With the disbandment of the 
 army the precinct received an increase of population, some of those 
 who at last laid down the sword resuming civil pursuits here. There 
 was also a considerable addition of families who had fled from New- 
 York City upon its capture by the British. Hitherto New Windsor 
 (through the Ellisons) had mainly absorbed the commercial business 
 of the district. In 1782 Benjamin Smith laid out in streets and lots 
 that part of his farm lying east of Montgomery Street, and between 
 First and South Streets. The streets were named Montgomery, 
 Smith and Water, and First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and 
 South. To this plot he gave the name of the Townsitip of Wash- 
 ington. But it was never popularly known by that name, and if so 
 the name is now lost and forgotten, and is only found on the original 
 map and the few old deeds that continue to retain the record of its 
 birth and death. 
 
 These lots were rapidly taken up, as well as the adjoining lots on 
 the Glebe, and in the Township of Newburgh. The " Did Town " of 
 
 allow the road to follow the course now known as (lidney Avenue 
 "from opposite Martin Weigand's to the northward of a piece of 
 swamp land adjoining said high hills." 
 
 In 1790 the population of the town was 2,365. In 1797 the village 
 had grown so large that it was considered advisable to organize a fire 
 department, and for this purpose a law was passed by the Legislature 
 directing the election of Trustees of the Fire Company of the Village 
 of Newburgh. The limits of the village defined by this act included 
 that portion of the original patent south of an east and west line 
 running six rods north of the Academy, and east of Liberty Street. 
 
 Other events of the concluding years of the century were the 
 erection of the Academy, the founding of the first Presbyterian 
 church, the Methodist Episcopal classes in 1786, and the Associate 
 Reformed in 1797. The first newspaper, the Neivburgh Packet, 
 was published in 171)5. T'le Newburgh post-office was established in 
 1795- 
 
26 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 The village threw off the town title and was incorporated in 1800, 
 being the third incorporated village in the State. Charles Clinton 
 was the first president. The next year the Xcwbnrgh and Cochecton 
 Turnpike Company was incorporated with a capital of $125,000. 
 Both were measiu'es largely intlneneing the prosperity of the place — 
 the one giving local government, and the other, by opening a new 
 route of travel to the west, brought a trade which had previously 
 reached the Hudson at New '\\'indsor. Up to that time all roads to 
 Newburgh were of the character of cross roads. 
 
 The turnpike was of incalculable benefit to Newburgh, as it open- 
 ed an avenue of trade extending many miles into the interior, and 
 eventually by it the product of a vast region of country was brought 
 here for shipment to New York. The effect was magical. New- 
 Windsor was speedily shorn of its supremacy and its merchants 
 removed their business to Newburgh. Within the next few years the 
 town made great strides in prosperity, and an unprecedented spirit of 
 public and private enterprise was manifested. Other roads followed — 
 the Newburgh and New Windsor in 1808, connecting at New Windsor 
 
 Newburgh's extensive trade with the interior of the .State was 
 due to its location on tide-water, and, consequently, its facilities 
 for shipping. It was the first shipping point of consequence on the 
 west bank of the river north of New York. The Highlands, Pali- 
 sades and other mountain ranges were a natural barrier to easy 
 access to the river south of Newburgh, and, as we have said before, 
 Newburgh was the natural outlet for the trade of a vast section of 
 country before the days of railroads and canals. The transporta- 
 tion business was consequently the most important in the town. 
 Docks and storehouses lined the water-front. The first dock was 
 built about 1731 by the proprietors of the Town of Newburgh Plot,' 
 and was afterwards known as Colden's dock. It was near the 
 foot of First Street. Colonel Jonathan Ilasbrouck built a small dock 
 and storehouse, afterwards known as the Old Red Storehouse, on 
 his property just below the Headquarters, for the purpose of ship- 
 ping grain and receiving flour. During the Revolution the Conti- 
 nental Dock, at the foot of Third Street, was built for mihtary pur- 
 poses. North of it was an enclosure for cattle and a slaughter-house, 
 
 DUBOIS STREET-LOOKING SOUTH FROM FIRST STREET. 
 
 with the turnpike to Monroe; the Newburgh and Sullivan County in 
 1810, and the Newburgh and Plattekill in 1812. Water works were 
 built, docks erected, and new freighting and pas.senger lines estab- 
 lished. The Newburgh Bank commenced business, and many public 
 and private improvements were made. 
 
 In 1810 the population of the town of Newburgh was 4,627, an 
 increase of 1,369 in ten years. In 1814 the population of the village 
 alone was 2,323. 
 
 As the new turnpikes were opened the trade of the village was 
 extended in many directions, and a very considerable portion of the 
 trade of the southern tier of counties of this State, and of northern 
 New Jersey and Pennsylvania, found here its natural mart. 
 
 In 1819 the trade had spread as far west as Canandaigua, with 
 which place Newburgh was connected by passenger coaches and 
 freight wagons. In that year a company, that was aided largely 
 by Nevv'burgh capital, built on Cayuga Lake a steamboat, which con- 
 nected the Newburgh stage lines with Ithaca, the whole journey be- 
 ing made in two days. This hne of travel was subsequently (in 1834), 
 extended to Buffalo, and was the shortest and most expeditious route 
 from the Hudson River to the Western country. From 1820 to 1830 
 the Newburgh Bank had a branch in Ithaca. 
 
 etc. During the year that peace was proclaimed another was built 
 at the foot of Fourth Street, afterwards known as Oakley & Davis's, 
 also a storehouse for provisions for the army. After the close of the 
 war David Howell built a dock near the foot of Second Street. Then 
 came Walsh's dock, now JIailler's, and then the dock of Jacob and 
 Leonard Carpenter (now owned by The Homer Ramsdell Transporta- 
 tion Company). John Anderson built a dock south of Third Street, 
 and there were others. It would be impossible to locate the old docks 
 prfecisely from present landmarks. The army buildings appear to 
 have been the first storehouses. Many of the docks were west of 
 what is now Front Street (which was opened in 1833), and the old 
 storehouses were nearly on the present cast line of Water Street. 
 After the war Major Pettingale established what was called Pettin- 
 galc's Landing, near the foot of North Street, which was then a good 
 road. Large quantities of ship timber, staves and shingles were 
 sent off from this landing. 
 
 Major Isaac Belknap sailed a sloop prior to the Revolution from 
 Colden's Dock, and frequently made trips to the West Indies. Will- 
 iam Harding, Richard Buckingham and Lewis Clark sailed sloops 
 before the war. These vessels were frequently in the public service, 
 and just before the British sailed up the river they were sent to 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 27 
 
 Albany to carry troops to reinforce General Gates, and thus es- 
 caped destruction by the British men-of-war. They were btiilt at 
 Albany, of red cedar, and after the Dutch model. During the Rev- 
 olution the boating business was of course suspended, and though 
 resumed at the close of the war, was not engaged in extensively till 
 after 1790. 
 
 As early as lygS there were four lines of sloops. Caleb Coffin 
 sailed George Gardner's sloop on alternate Fridays. Daniel Smith 
 and William Wilson, owners, Daniel Smith, master, sailed the sloop 
 Morning Star from Daniel Smith's dock on alternate Fridays. 
 John Anderson sailed the sloop Eliza on alternate Tuesday's. Derrick 
 Ammerman sailed the sloop Ceres, owned by Hugh Walsh, from 
 Hugh Walsh's dock. Until 1S30 the business was continued by 
 means of sloops. In 1S30 ilr. Christoplier Reeve purchased the 
 steamer Baltimore, and a half interest was soon afterward sold to D. 
 Crawford & Co. , the steamer making alternate trips from Reeve's 
 dock and from Crawford's. Benjamin Carpenter, not to be out-done, 
 had built at Low Point the same year a steamboat called the William 
 Young, which commenced its trips in September. Other freighters 
 
 when the streets leading to the docks were frequently blocked for 
 hours with farmers' loaded wagons, coming in long processions to 
 unload their contents on the wharves, and then to be re-laden with 
 supplies for the household and farm. 
 
 But the completion of the Erie Canal, diverted most of this 
 great trade through other channels, and on the night when the 
 waters of Lake Erie mingled with those of the Atlantic in the harbor 
 of New York, with beacon fires blazing on the headlands along the 
 Hudson, Newburgh rolled up and laid away its map of the Southern 
 Tier. Considerable travel by stage coach continued until the opening 
 of railroads through the center of the State, and a large trade remained 
 with the southeastern portion of this State, and neighboring portions 
 of New Jersey and Pennsylvania; but the Delaware & Hudson Canal 
 at length penetrated this region and cut off another source of wealth. 
 Efforts were made to repair the loss thus sustained by the organiza- 
 tion of a company to engage in whale fishing, and by endeavoring to 
 secure the establishment here of a government navy-yard. The 
 former enterprise, however, met with limited success, and the 
 proposal to establish a navy-yard did not receive the favor of the 
 
 GRAND STREET-LOOKING SOUTH FROM THIRD STREET, 
 
 immediately built or purchased steamboats. Oakley & Davis put 
 on their Une(in iS32)the Providence, and D. Crawford & Co. (in 1833) 
 built the Washington, and after purchasing Mr. Reeve's interest in 
 the Baltimore, ran both boats. In 1835 the Baltimore was put on the 
 Albany and Newburgh route. The Messrs. Reeve had in the mean- 
 time supplied the place of the Baltimore with the steamer Legislator. 
 The Washington was the best boat in the trade, and Mr. Carpenter 
 built in 1835 the James Madison, a superior boat to the Washington; 
 she was the first beam-engine steamer in the trade. During the same 
 year Oakley & Davis changed the Providence for the Superior, and 
 Mr. Thomas Powell, who had been in retirement for several years, 
 now again entered the list of competitors and built the famous 
 steamer Highlander. The Thomas Powell was the best steamboat 
 built for the Newburgh trade, and was put on the route in 1846, leav- 
 ing Newburgh in the morning, and returning in the evening. On the 
 i6th of July of that year she made the trip from New York to New- 
 burgh m two hours and forty minutes actual running time. 
 
 The number of firms and vessels engaged in the transportation 
 business exhibits the magnitude of Newburgh's trade in those days, 
 
 Government. The construction of the Erie Railroad from Goshen to 
 Piermont, and its subsequent extension in other directions, took away 
 the last vestige of the ancient trade of Newburgh, and the old stage 
 coaches and the long lines of farmers' wagons, with their stores of 
 butter and pork, became but a memory. 
 
 But another change has come; a new era has dawned; the tidal 
 wave of prosperity that swept over the village a hundred years ago 
 has returned. The old turnpikes have been paralleled with railroads, 
 stretching to us from every direction; and the river, too, gives com- 
 munication with the Atlantic coast and all the world. Many manu- 
 factories are springing up within our bounds, and the year 1S91 finds 
 us the most thriving city on the Hudson, with citizens full of the spirit 
 of public enterprise, with public institutions comparatively un- 
 equalled, and with apparently every factor and requisite to ensure its 
 bright future as a manufacturing and commercial city of importance. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF 
 OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY. 
 
 The Last Cantonment— Washington at New Windsor -The Public Build- 
 ing—No King But God— Mutiny Quelled— The Cincinnati- 
 Dissolution of the Army. 
 
 " Sacred is this mansion hoary; 
 
 'Neath the roof-tree years ajaro, 
 Dwelt the father of our glory, 
 
 He whose name appalled the foe , 
 Greater honor 
 
 Home nor hearth can never know.' 
 
 |X a commanding eminence on the west bank of the 
 Hudson, overlooking the beautiful bay of Newburgh, 
 and taking within its range all the grandeur of the 
 water and mountain scenery for which the region is 
 famed, there stands an ancient dwelling. It is a hal- 
 lowed place, a casket of precious memories, an impres- 
 sive orator. 
 Stand here on the old piazza, where Washington often sat in 
 meditation, and see yonder through the portal of the Highlands 
 West Point enthroned among the mountains, the Gibraltar of the 
 Revolution; PoUopel's Island, which during the latter part of the war 
 was a military prison, lifts its bald head out of the waters of the baj' 
 at )'Our feet; the beacon summits of the mountains where the watch- 
 fires blazed, the camp grounds in the woods of New Windsor, the 
 sites of the public building, barracks, storehouses and hospital of 
 our army, the headquarters of the generals — all are within short 
 distances from this sacred spot. 
 
 Under this low-descending roof Washington made his headquarters 
 and his family their home during the latter part of the war for 
 independence; and in and about this place were enacted scenes and 
 events of such vital and thrilling nature that they shall never be for- 
 gotten while love af country is a characteristic of American manhood. 
 At two periods previously the headquarters of the commander-in- 
 chief were at the little village of New Windsor, only two miles south. 
 Commencing with the campaign of 1777, the region in which are 
 West Point, Newburgh and Fishkill was an arena of almost constant 
 military activity. Fishkill village was long the principal depot of the 
 American army. There they placed their chief magazines,* their 
 hospitals and their workshops, which formed a town of themselves, 
 besides a military prison, and " handsome large barracks " built in the 
 wood at the foot of the mountain. It was clear that the plan of the 
 British was to render themselves masters of the whole course of the 
 Hudson River, thus separating the States east of it from those west, 
 and subdue each section in turn. West Point was, therefore, made 
 choice of as the most important place to fortify, and Fishkill, and 
 subsequently Newburgh also, on either side of the river, as the places 
 
 best adapted for the principal depots of supplies. A dock (called the 
 Continental Dock) was built for military purposes at Newburgh, and 
 in its neighborhood were some of the army buildings. 
 
 One who saw West Point in 1780 wrote: " Lifting your eyes you 
 beheld on every side lofty summits thick set with redoubts and bat- 
 teries, and from the fort proper at West Point, which is on the edge 
 of the river, to the top of the mountain are six different forts, all in 
 the form of an amphitheatre, and protecting each other." 
 
 As an additional security, an iron chain of immense strength was 
 thrown across at the short bend of the river, and fixed to huge blocks 
 on each shore. It was buoyed up by very large logs, about six- 
 teen feet long, pointed at the ends to lessen their opposition to the 
 force of the current at flood and ebb tide. The logs were placed a 
 short distance from each other, the chain carried over them, and 
 made fast to each by staples.* There were also a number of anchors 
 dropped at proper distances, with cables made fast to the chain, to 
 give it greater stability. The New England colonies were the prin- 
 cipal source of the supplies and material for carrying on the war, and 
 as the British occupied New York and patrolled the Hudson up to 
 the Highlands, the ferry between Fishkill and Newburgh was the 
 connecting link between the two sections of country. Loaded teams 
 were constantly arriving at the former place, and when the army was 
 in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, were ferried across the river, and 
 took their tedious way back of the Highlands till they reached their 
 destination. This was the door of communication ; West Point was 
 the key that locked it, and of all the posts in the United States Wash- 
 ington deemed it the most important. From September, 1778,! until 
 the close of the war the " main" Continental army was almost con- 
 stantly in the Highlands or in their vicinity. 
 
 On June 25, 1779, General Washington established his head- 
 quarters at New Windsor village. He remained there till July 22, 
 and then took up his headquarters at West Point. The main army 
 was then posted at West Point, Constitution Island, Fishkill, New 
 Windsor, Ft. Montgomery, and Smith's Clove, fourteen miles south- 
 west of West Point. While at New Windsor Washington planned 
 
 * "About this time, (January, 1782), nine or ten thousand stands of arms and 
 a large quantity of powder, brought from France by Colonel Laurens, were 
 brought from Boston to Fishkill.' —Major-General Heath's Memoirs. 
 
 * See Illustration on Page 31. 
 
 t "The grand army under General Washington took up a new position; one 
 divisiim under the immediate command of General Putnam at Fishkill," etc.— 
 General Heath' s Memoirs. [20] 
 
3° 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 the attack on Stony Point, which Waj'nc carried out so successfully. 
 He left West Point in November, spent the winter in ilorristown, 
 and came again to New Windsor Dec. 6, 17S0. 
 
 Here he spent the winter of i78o-'8i , near his stronghold, watching 
 through his secret service the doings of the British on the lower Hudson. 
 His headquarters were in the Thomas Ellison house, on the hill imme- 
 diately south of the village. The main army was separated into 
 several cantonments. There was a large force at West Point, 
 including four Massachusetts brigades; two Connecticut brigades 
 were on the opposite side of the river; there was another cantonment 
 " in the woods two miles in the rear of the works at West Point," and 
 another at Fishkill; a force of New Jersey troops was at Pompton, 
 two thousand Pennsj-lvania troops at Mcjrristown, several New York 
 regiments at Albany, and other troops elsewhere. 
 
 Gen. Knox had his headquarters at the John Ellison house, at 
 Vail's Gate. LaFayette joined his commander at New Windsor, and 
 
 in Mrginia, Heath forwarded to him supplies, principally cUectedin 
 New lOngland, till General Washington wrote (Oct. 27, iT^^i,) ^^hat 
 " there will be no occasion for forwarding any more beef cattle from 
 the northward for this army." 
 
 After the surrender of Cornwallis the Continental troops engaged 
 in the Yorktowa campaign (with the exception of the Pennsylvania, 
 Maryland and Virginia troops, who were detatched, with St. Clair in 
 command, and ordered to join Greene in the south) started on their 
 long journey northward. The French army remained in Virginia. 
 The "main army" on the Hudson went into winter quarters at West 
 Point and its vicinity. 
 
 In the spring of 1782 we find the main body of the Continental 
 army encamped along the Hudson, on both sides of the river, in 
 proximity to the highlands. 
 
 On March 31, Washington established his headquarters in the 
 Ilasbrouck house at Newburgh.* The mam EngHsh army was Sir 
 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS-FROM THE NORTHWEST, 
 
 had his headquarters there for a short time in the winter. He was 
 not with Washington at Newburgh, as has often been stated, and 
 did not even visit the Headquarters when in Newburgh in 1S24. 
 
 We are aware that his name has been coupled with the Newburgh 
 Headquarters in song and story, and for those who have set much 
 store on the tradition, there is consolation in the fact that it is only a 
 mistake of two years in time and two miles in distance. In Dec. , 
 17S1, after the surrender of Cornwallis, he sailed ftjr France, and did 
 not return to this country till 1784. 
 
 Here at New Windsor Washington planned that master-stroke of 
 strategy and generalship that culminated in the surrender of the 
 army of CoruwaUis at Yorktown. General Heath was left in com- 
 mand of the army remaining at West Point and its vicinity, consisting 
 of two regiments of New Hampshire, ten of Massachusetts, five of 
 Connecticut infantry, the corps of invalids, Sheldon's legion, and the 
 Third Regiment of artillery, together with all such State troops and 
 militia as remained in the service. During Washington's campaign 
 
 Henry Clmton's at New York, and ncnv once more Washington 
 watched his movements from his Highland stronghold. Hostilities 
 had almost ceased, negotiations were commenced for the restoration 
 of peace, and the army passed a whole year in comparative idleness. 
 
 Although never again to meet the enemy in deadly conflict in the 
 field, they M-ere yet to participate in events that xviU always be of 
 thrilling interest to all who read of their noble deeds. The first was 
 the celebration of the birth of the Dauphin of Prance, on the 31st of 
 Jlay, 17S2. Major ViUefranche had employed a thousand men for 
 ten days m the construction of a curious edifice at West Point. It 
 was called an arbor, and was composed of the simple materials 
 which the common trees of the vicinity alTorded, and was about 220 
 t^ct^in^igth and So in width, supported by a grand colonnade of 118 
 
 * E.Ktract from General Heath's diary : "March 3,.-His E.xccllcncy General 
 « a.shuigton arrived at Newburgh ; he had been ab.sent from the main army 
 since the iqth of the preceding August, having spent the winter at Phil'adel 
 phia after the capture of Earl Cornwallis." 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 31 
 
 pillars, made of the trunks of trees. The covering of the roof con- 
 sisted of boughs and branches of trees curiously interwoven, and 
 the same material formed the walls. On the inside every pillar was 
 encircled with muskets and bayonets, bound around in a fanciful and 
 handsome manner, and the whole interior was decorated with ever- 
 greens, festoons of flowers, garlands, emblematical d.evic&s,fleurs de 
 lis. and other ornaments significant of the existing alliance between 
 
 LINKS OF FORT MONTGOMERY CHAIN, 
 
 SEE PAGE 29. 
 
 France and America. The superb structure in symmetry and pro- 
 portion and elegance of arrangement has seldom been surpassed on 
 any temporarj- occasion, and it affected the spectators with admira- 
 tion and pleasure. All the troops were paraded on the contiguous 
 hills on both sides of the river at West Point at 2:30 o'clock, forming 
 a circle several miles in circumference in plain view from the edifice, 
 and at a signal (the firing of three cannons), the regimental com- 
 manders repaired to the building for the entertainment prepared for 
 them. At 5 o'clock General Washington and lady led a dis- 
 tinguished company from the quarters of General MacDougall 
 to the arbor, where more than five hundred ladies and gen- 
 tlemen partook cf a magnificent festival. Each toast, thirteen 
 in all, w-as announced by the discharge of thirteen cannons. 
 In the evening the arbor was illuminated by a vast number of 
 lights, and at a signal from the battery the soldiers on the hills 
 discharged their guns, and all the cannons in the forts and 
 batteries were fired. This feu de joie was three times re- 
 peated, each time followed by three shouts of acclamation and 
 benediction for the Dauphin by the united voices of the whole 
 army on all sides. The mountains re-echoed like tremendous 
 peals of thunder, and the flashings from thousands of fire- 
 arms in the darkness of evening could be compa'-od only to 
 the most vivid flashes of lightning from the clou^j. Wash- 
 ington, escorting Mrs. Knox, opened the grand ball, and with 
 a dignified and graceful air carried down a dance of twenty 
 couples in the arbor on the green grass.* The celebration 
 was concluded by the exhibition of fireworks, consisting of 
 rockets, wheels, fountains, trees, bee-hives, balloons, flowers 
 s.-aA.fleurs de lis, admirably constructed, and played off at 
 twenty minutes after eleven o'clock. 
 
 On the Fourth of July a similar celebration occurred, in honor of 
 the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the army being 
 assembled in the same manner as before. 
 
 The inspection and muster of the different corps took place in the 
 month of June, and the commander-in-chief publicly complimented 
 several regiments for their respectable and soldier-Uke appearance. 
 Every other day, by brigade and by detail, the troops were exercised 
 and drilled. The army was in the best of spirits at this period. 
 
 proud of its victories, and confident of its strength and efficiency in 
 battle. Baron Steuben had exercised the officers and soldiers in the 
 various movements and evolutions, and exerted all his great powers 
 for the establishment of a regular system of discipline among the 
 heterogeneous bodies of soldiers. One of the finest companies in the 
 army was the ' 'light company" of the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, 
 and Washington said he had never seen its superior. Other splendid 
 organizations were the Tenth Massachusetts Regiment, the 
 Second Connecticut Brigade and the First and Second Massa- 
 chusetts brigades. Washington assured Major General the 
 Baron Steuben that the credit for the efficiency of the army was 
 due to his indefatigable assiduity and eminent services; and 
 in public orders expressed approbation of the laudable dispo- 
 .sition and pride of corps which seemed to be diffused throughout 
 the army, remarking also upon the amazing contrast between 
 the past and present appearance of the troops. 
 
 On August 31 the army (mainly in boats) moved down the 
 river from New Windsor, Fishkill, West Point, and adjacent 
 positions, ande ncamped at Verplanck's Point, for the purpose 
 of reviewing and extending a welcome to the French army 
 then on its return march from Virginia. The camp presented 
 a beautiful and picturesque appearance. In front flowed the 
 grandest river in the world, and the noble mountains formed 
 the most sublime background that painting can express. All 
 the tents were decorated with laurel, evergreens and limbs of 
 trees. On Sept. 14, the French army arrived and encamped 
 within a few miles of the Americans. General ^Yashington re 
 the French army on Oct. i , and the next day the French officers 
 reviewed the American army. A fortnight later eight bat- 
 talions were picked from the Continental troops and manceuver- 
 ed before the officers of the two armies. The Americans bestowed 
 every courtesy and attention upon the French soldiers, who had 
 aided them in throwing off the British yoke. On October 22 the 
 French army left for Boston, where it embarked for home. 
 
 The American forces consisted of about eight thousand men who, 
 for the first time since the beginning of the war, were decently 
 clothed, well armed, properly equipped, . and camped in tents of 
 regular model. Six years' service in the field had made them trained 
 
 THE JOHN ELLISON HOUSE— Front View from the Old Road, 
 
 veterans, and Prince de Broglie said that to him ' ' they all seemed 
 good looking, robust and well chosen." Several of the French army, 
 who had seen troops of different European nations, bestowed enco- 
 miums and applause on our army, and said they had seen none 
 superior to the American. Such was the army that came to New- 
 burgh. 
 
 At that time the main army was divided into two wings, each 
 of which was sub-divided into two divisions, which in turn were 
 sub-divided into brigades, composed of several regiments each. 
 
 * Thacher' s Journal. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 RicHT Wing — Major-CiF.nerai. (Iates. 
 
 First Division — Major-Oi'iural Mac Dougall. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. Swift. 
 
 Second Connecticut Regiment. 
 Fotirth Connecticut Regiment. 
 Rhode Island Regiment. 
 
 Second Brigade, Brig. -Gen. Huntington. 
 First Connecticut Regiment. 
 Fifth Connecticut Regiment. 
 Ninth Connecticut Regiment. 
 
 St-coud Division— Major-Ofiural St. Clair. 
 First Brigade, Col, Courtland. 
 First New York Regiment. 
 Second New York Regiment. 
 
 ScKind Divisioti — Major-Uencrai Hoiue. 
 First Brigade, C.eneral Patterson. 
 Second Massachusetts Regiment. 
 Fifth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 Eighth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. (Ircatton. 
 
 Third Massachusetts Regiment. 
 Sixth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 Ninth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 On the morning of the 26th of (Jctober, 1782, the troops of the 
 left wing marched from Verplanck's Point to Garrison's, and on the 
 the next day crossed the river to AVest Point, marched through the post, 
 over Storm King Mountain, and passed the night on its northern 
 slope in the open field. On the morrow the various brigades pro- 
 ceeded to the positions assigned them. The right wing of the army, 
 
 MAP OF THE CANTONMENT, AND VICINITY. 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. Dayton. 
 First New Jersey Regiment. 
 Second New Jersey Regiment. 
 
 Left Wing — M.\jok-Generat Heath. 
 First Diiiision — .Major-Gcitcral Lord .Stirling. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. 
 
 Tenth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 First New Hampshire Regiment. 
 Second New Hampshire Regiment. 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. Sheppard. 
 First Massachusetts Regiment. 
 Fourth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 Seventh Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 under General Gates, with the exception of the Connecticut regi- 
 ments, which remained at West Point and its vicinity, came a few 
 days afterwards. 
 
 The campground is situated in the Town of New Windsor, mainly 
 along the Silver Stream (designated in the map as the Beaver Dam), 
 and on the slopes south and southwest of Snake Hill — from two and 
 a half to three miles distant from Washington's Headquarters, in a 
 southwest direction. Silver Stream flows through a wide valley, 
 southeasterly, the fields rising on either side in long, gentle inclines, 
 till they reach a considerable elevation, from which a great range of 
 country is unfolded to view. The water course for a distance is 
 through a morass, on either side of which most of the troops were 
 encamped. The soldiers built a causeway across the swamp, and 
 remains of it can be seen to this day. The New York, New Hamp- 
 shire and New Jersey lines were on the west side of the stream, and 
 on the eastern slopes were the First and Third Massachusetts Bri 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 33 
 
 gades, mainly on lands now owned by W. L. McGiU. The camp of 
 the Second Massachusetts Brigade was on the high ground directly 
 south of and half a mile distant from Snake Hill, on the farm now 
 owned by John Heron, formerly the ilunn farm. 
 
 The only map of the cantonment that has been preserved is Simeon 
 De Witt's, found recently among the papers of General Gates, in the 
 possession of the 
 New York Historical 
 Society.* It shows 
 the location of the 
 several State lines, 
 with the exception 
 of the Rhode Island 
 Regiment and the 
 Maryland Battalion. 
 The former was or- 
 dered from the New 
 Windsor cantonment 
 to the Schuylerville 
 barracks, and the lat- 
 ter came to the can- 
 tonment after the 
 map had been made. 
 
 The campground 
 was mainly covered 
 with woods, but now 
 most of it is cleared 
 laud. The soldiers' 
 quarters were spa- 
 cious, healthy and 
 well built, and con- 
 sisted of log houses, 
 containing two 
 chambers, each in- 
 habited by eight 
 soldiers. The bar- 
 racks were mainly 
 arranged in State lines and brigade lines, but the non-commissioned 
 officers occupied a separate range of barracks. They were not all 
 built together in rows, for other huts were scattered through the 
 vicinity. They were built without a bit of iron or even nails. To 
 obtain the wood for constructing the barracks, the soldiers cut great 
 quantities of timber; they abo cut a vast amount of firewood. 
 
 THE CAMPGROUND. 
 
 except on the northwest, where you can see far up the valley, and 
 on the southwest, where there is a view of the Hudson. 
 
 "These hills shall keep their memory sure; 
 The "blocks "we rear shall fall away; 
 The mountain fastnesses endure, 
 And speak their glorious deeds for aye." 
 
 Walk over the 
 fields and even to this 
 ' ' day can be seen the 
 
 remains of bake- 
 ovens and the found- 
 ations of huts. A 
 number of years ago 
 several graves were 
 found in a strip of 
 woods on the Heron 
 farm, and Mr. McGill 
 has ploughed up on 
 his land many relics, 
 such as buttons, etc. 
 Where were prob- 
 ably the barracks of 
 the Second Massa- 
 chusetts Brigade, on 
 the Heron farm, 
 there is an old well, 
 now filled up with 
 stone, and the former 
 owner also found 
 near by foundations 
 of huts, the stones of 
 which he removed 
 to use in building 
 walls. A road, form- 
 erly a Continental 
 road, runs through 
 the campground. 
 The headquarters of General Gates from December, 17S2, to April, 
 17S3, was in the John Ellison house at Vail's Gate, a short distance 
 south of the New Windsor cantonment. It is still standing, a pictur- 
 esque building of stone, erected by Col. Thomas Ellison, founder of 
 the New Windsor family of that name. He was a pioneer merchant 
 of 1723. The original residence of Colonel Ellison was on the bank 
 
 THE VERPLANCK HOUSE AT FISHKILL. 
 
 STEUBEN'S HEAOQUAHTEI 
 
 General Heath said the cantonment for its nature and kind was 
 beautiful. Those who will visit the place now will say the same. 
 Stand on the slope on either side of the valley and the whole camp- 
 ground is spread out before your eyes. Hills are on every side, 
 
 * The search for this map was instituted by JIajor E. C. Boynton, 
 burgh. 
 
 UZAL KNAPP'S MONUMENT, 
 
 of the Hudson, at New Windsor Village, Washington had his head- 
 quarters there in i779-'8o-'Si. Major-General Knox, at the time of 
 the New Windsor cantonment, was in command of West Point. He 
 had previously been in command of the artillery. He and General 
 Greene had their headquarters at the Ellison house at Vail's Gate, 
 five weeks in the months of June and July, 1779, and General Knox 
 was there ten weeks in the Fall of the same year; also from Nov. 20, 
 
34 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 17S0, to July 4, 1781; and from JIuy. 17S2, till ordered to lake 
 command at West Point, Aug. 24, 17S2. While the army was at 
 Snake Hill, General Greene and General Wayne were in the South. 
 At one period of the war General AVaync had his headquarters at Mrs. 
 Wool's house (formerly Weigand's hotel), in Hroad Street, near Liber- 
 
 sions of the Provincial Convention and of its Committee of Safety 
 were held in the old Reformed Dutch Church, from August, 1776. to 
 December, 1777, during which time the preliminary work of forming 
 a State government was transacted and the first Constitution of the 
 State nearly completed. More or less directly connected with the 
 
 ROOM WITH SEVEN DOORS AND ONE WINDOW. 
 
 AT WASHINGTON'S HE»D0UAHT£HS. 
 
 ty, James Donnelly, who was living in Old Town then, related 
 that he saw the General almost every day. ' ' He was short and 
 stout and had red eyes. I remember his eyes because we had a cross 
 dog that had red eyes, and we called him ' JIad Anthony ' altogether. " 
 General Heath spent the Winter at his home in Roxbury, ilass., 
 returning to the cantonment in the Spring. Lord Stirling was at 
 Albany, where he died before the close of the war. Baron Steuben 
 had his headquarters in the Verplanck house at Fishkill. St. Clair 
 is supposed to have had his headquarters at the Edmonston house. 
 "Wood's," on the Little Britain road, was the Mrs. Falls house, 
 where Governor Clinton had his residence after the fall of Fort Mont- 
 gomery; in 1782-3 it was the quarters of Colonel Francis Barber, 
 Asst. Inspector-General to Baron Steuben, and is believed to have 
 been also the quarters of Major John Armstrong, the author of the 
 " Newburgh Letters." 
 
 The Life Guards were stationed a few rods northwest of Wash- 
 ington's Headquarters. They were all native Americans, "sober, 
 young, active and well made," the pick of the army, and none less 
 than 5 feet 9 inches tall. Then- uniform consisted of a blue coat, 
 with white facings, white waistcoat and breeches, black stock and 
 black half-gaiters, and a round hat with blue and white feather. 
 The motto of the corps was " Conquer or Die." Their number was 
 about sixty. William Colfax was the Captain Commandant. The 
 last survivor of this corps was Uzal Knapp, of New Windsor. He 
 died January 11, 1856, aged ninety-six. His body lay in state in 
 these headquarters four days, and was buried \vith great honors at 
 the foot of the flagstaff near the building over which he kept faithful 
 vigil three-quarters of a century before, and on the same green slope 
 where he and his companions watched and sported. 
 
 One of the store-houses of the Commissary-General was where 
 the Union Church now stands. Fishkill Village, besides having long 
 been the principal depot of the army, was the place where the ses- 
 
 action of these bodies was the establishment there, or rather its re- 
 moval from New York to Fishkill, of the only Revolutionary news- 
 paper in the State — the Fishkil! Packet, by Samuel Loudon — in 
 
 J— 
 
 56. L 
 
 
 10 
 
 u 
 
 
 la.G 
 
 A 
 
 "I! 
 
 
 B 
 
 ifl 
 
 H 
 
 ■ii.6 
 
 26. G 
 
 60.^ 
 
 WEST. 
 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS-DIAGRAM OF FIRST FLOOR. 
 
 A — Dining Room, or Room with Seven Doors E— Parlor, or Silting Room. 
 
 and One Window. F— Washington's Office. 
 
 B— Family Room. G-Washington's Bed-room. 
 
 C- Kitchen. H -Store Room. 
 D-Hall. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 35 
 
 the office of which were printed the first copies of the Declaration 
 of Independence which were issued in the State, as well as of the 
 first Constitution of the State.* 
 
 The Headquarters building is constructed of rough-hewn stone. It 
 is one story high, and has a frontage of fifty-six feet, and a depth of 
 
 WEST ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 forty-six. The farm once belonged to Burger Jleynders. He sold it 
 
 to Jonathan Hasbrouck (1747), who built the house and retained the 
 
 ownership till his death in 1780, and when 
 
 Washington vacated the house the family 
 
 returned to it, and occupied it till a short 
 
 time anterior to 1S49, when it came into the 
 
 possession of the State. 
 
 The large room, which is entered from 
 the piazza on the east, known as "the room 
 with the seven doors and one window," was 
 used as a dining-room by Washington's fam- 
 ily, which consisted of himself, his wife, and 
 his aid-dc-camp Colonel Tilghman, he who 
 caiTied the news of the surrender of Com- 
 wallis to Congress. The housekeeper was a 
 Mrs. Thompson. The small northeast room 
 was Washington's bedroom, and the larger 
 one adjoining was used by him as a private 
 office. The family-room was the southeast 
 room, and the kitchen the southwest room ; 
 the northwest room was the parlor. Be- 
 tween the kitchen and the parlor were the 
 hall and stair-case and the storeroom, so- 
 called from having been used by Colonel 
 Hasbrouck, and subsequently by his widow 
 as a store. The parlor was reserved for 
 Mrs. AVashington and her guests. 
 
 No alterations in form have been made, 
 not even to the old piazza, nor to the great 
 wide-open chimney and the old fireplace ; 
 and the sun still streams through the om 
 windo-\v into the room with the seven doors. 
 The orchard that shaded the house on the 
 southwest, and the post and rail fence, are 
 gone, and the haj-stacks that stood to the 
 
 southeast ; graveled walks wind among the trees, and a great 
 monument stands on the green slope in front. But we see the same 
 natural scenes that Washington saw ; the same noble river runs at 
 the foot of the hill, and about us are the same green fields and blue 
 mountains. Inspired by the patriotic memories that thrill every vis- 
 itor, cannot imagination picture the father of his country and his 
 generals gathered on this old piazza as of old, and in the distance 
 the camps of the soldiers ? Can we not also see the General on his 
 shapely ba)' horse, with the servant Bill riding behind? They were 
 familiar figures in the village. The General was a bold horseman, 
 leaping the highest fences and going extremely quick, without stand- 
 ing in his stirrups, bearing on the bridle or letting his horse run wild. 
 His horse was as good as he was handsome, but above all perfectly 
 well-trained, easy in hand and stopping short in a gallop without 
 bearing on the bit. Washington himself broke all his own horses. 
 
 Distinguished statesmen and high officers in the army were fre- 
 quent guests at headquarters. There was little room to spare in the 
 dwelling, and if a guest remained during the night it was the practice to 
 make up a camp-bed for him in the parlor. The Marquis de Chas- 
 tcUux passed the night in that room once. When he went in to break- 
 fast the next morning at ten, his bed was folded up, and his chamber 
 became the sitting-room for the whole afternoon. The smallness of 
 the house, and the difficulty to which he saw General and Jlrs. Wash- 
 ington put themselves, made him apprehensive lest General Rocham- 
 beau, who had set out for headquarters the day after him, by 
 traveling as fast might arrive on the day that he remained there. 
 He therefore sent to Fishkill to meet him with a request that he 
 would stay there that night. His precaution was not superfluous, 
 and the messenger found Rochambeau already at the landing, 
 where he slept, and did not come to the headquarters till the 
 next morning. 
 
 * The late Gulian C. Verplanck said: "The Constitution of the State of 
 New York was printed in 1777, and was the first as well as the most important 
 book ever printed in the .State. The people could find but one press in their 
 domain with which to print the work of their representatives. It was done at 
 Fishkill by Samuel Lcjudon, who had been a Whig editor and printer in the 
 city of Xew York, and who had retired with his press to Fishkill." 
 
 THE OLD FIREPLACE, AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 But guests at dinner were numerous and welcome.* This meal 
 was served about five. On the day de Chastellux was there Adjutant 
 General Hand, Colonel Rood and Major Walker dined with him. 
 
 *His excellency, the Commander-in-chief, has long been in the practice of 
 inviting a certain number of oflicers to dine at his table every day. — Thacher. 
 
36 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 The repast was served in the English fashion, and consisted of 
 butcher's meat and poultry, with vegetables of several sorts, followed 
 by a second course of pastry. After this the cloth was removed, and 
 a great quantity of nuts was served, which the Cencral usually 
 continued eating for two hours, toasting and conversing all the 
 while. Supper was usually served at nine, and after that a fe\v 
 bottles of good claret and JIadeira were placed on the table. The 
 handsome and gentlemanly Gates, the hero of .Saratoga; the brave 
 and faithful Knox, the trained artillerist and Washington's warmest 
 friend; the gentle-hearted Steuben, the skiUful tactician; the scholar- 
 ly Heath, the watchful guardian of the Highlands; Howe, St. Clair 
 and MacDougall, were oft-times guests. 
 
 In the company of ladies the Baron Steuben appeared to peculiar 
 advantage. Though never perfectly master of our language, he un- 
 derstood and spoke it with sufficient correctness. Sometimes purposely 
 
 Now that the war was drawing to a close and independence had 
 nearly been achieved, there was naturally a feeling of thankfulness 
 and happiness pervading the encampment, such as had never before 
 been fjlt. The officers visited and dined at each others' quarters, 
 and receptions were given at country houses. Mrs. Washington, 
 Mrs. Kno.Kand Mrs. dates frequently exchanged calls, and dined 
 together. Mrs. Knox was a very handsome woman, and the com- 
 mander-in-chief often spent the evening at General Knox's house, and 
 used to like her for a partner in the dance. One night he stayed very 
 late, not reaching home till the small hours of night. A person in 
 the adjoining room heard Mrs. Washington read him a curtain lecture 
 after he got in bed. The general listened in silence, till she had 
 entirely finished, and then .simply said, " Go to sleep, my dear." 
 
 On Christmas Day, 17S2, in public orders General Washington 
 highly approved of a proposal that had been made by the Rev. Israel 
 
 ■THE PUBLIC BUILDING. "-Copy from the Tarbcll Drawings. 
 
 he would miscall names, or blend or adopt wr)rds of similar sound 
 but different meaning, to the merriment of the company. t)ne day 
 at dinner Mrs. Washington asked him how he amused himself over 
 in Fishkill. 
 
 " Oh," said he, " I read and write, my lady, and play chess ; and 
 yesterday, for the first time, went fishing. They told me it was a very 
 fine business to catch fish, and I did not know but this new trade 
 might be useful by-and-by to me; but I fear I can never succeed. I 
 sat in the boat three hours. It was exceedingly warm, and I caught 
 only two fish. They told me it was fine sport." 
 
 "What kind of fish did yrju catch. Baron?" asked Mrs. Washington. 
 
 "I am not sure, my lady, but I believe one of them was a whale." 
 
 "A whale, Baron, in the North River!" she exclaimed in .surprise. 
 
 "Yes, I assure you, a very fine whale, my lady. Was it not?" he 
 .said, turning to one of his aids. 
 
 "An eel, Baron," was the reply. 
 
 " I beg your pardon, my lady, but that gentleman certainly told 
 me it was a whale." 
 
 MacDougall was a Scotchman, affable and facetious, often indulg- 
 ing in pleasantries, and adverting to his national peculiarities and 
 family origin, at the close of which he would add, " Now, gentlemen, 
 you have the history of ,Sawney MacDougall, the milk-mon's son." 
 
 Evans, D. D., the Chaplain of the New Hampshire brigade, for 
 erecting a public building, and gave his consent to the general and 
 field officers meeting to determine the situation and plan. The next 
 morning the officers met at General Gates's headquarters and plans 
 were adopted. Each regiment was required to furnish a certain part 
 of the material, including lumber and shingles, and Colonel Tupper 
 was appointed superintendant of construction. Carpenters, masons, 
 blacksmiths and tools were supplied by the regiments; and nails, 
 nail-rods and iron, boards, etc., were obtained from the quarter- 
 master. The artificers and laborers pressed to the work (under the 
 direction of Colonel Tupper and his assistant Lieut. Nelson), with 
 ' ■ spirit and alacrity," which was doubtless in part owing to the liberal 
 potions of rum dealt out to them. The site of the Public Building is 
 nrjt indicated on the map, but without doubtit was upon the eminence 
 on the eastern side of the valley of the Silver Stream, on the farm 
 now owned by William L. Mc( ;ill , notwithstanding that the centennial 
 celebration was held at another place near b_\-. The site is command- 
 ing and beautiful. It was a frame building upon a stone foundation. 
 The interior was lathed and plastered. It was handsomely furnished 
 with a spacious hall sufficient to accommodate a brigade of soldiers 
 on Lord's day, having an orchestra at one end; the vault of the hall 
 was arched; at each end of the hall were two rooms conveniently 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 n 
 
 situated for the issvting of general orders, for the sitting of boards of 
 officers, courts-martial, etc. , and an office and store for the quarter- 
 masters and the commissary departments. On the front was a cupola 
 and flagstaff, on which flags were hoisted occasionally for signals. 
 It was finished early in March, and services were held there every 
 Sabbath. The chaplains preached in rotation, and different brigades 
 assembled at difllerent hours of the day, " to give that homage and 
 adoration to the Supreme Being who has, through His infinite mercv, 
 brought our public calamities and dangers (in all human probability), 
 very near to a happy conclusion."- But the building was also used 
 for levees, public meetings, etc., and was ofiicially designated " the 
 New Building," or as " the Public Building;" and by the soldiers it 
 was sometimes popularly called "the Temple of Virtue," "the 
 Temple," and "the Chapel." Major Edward C. Boynton, one of the 
 Trustees of the Headquarters, in iSgo obtained from Luther L. Tar- 
 bell, of Boston, original drawings made by his father, William Tar- 
 bell, a soldier in the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment. They were 
 
 The joy caused by the outcome of the struggle for liberty was not 
 unmixed with distress, nor the success of the army with danger to 
 the existing Government. Here, Washington declared, occurred the 
 greatest crisis in our long struggle, one that filled him with more 
 alarm than all the disasters of the previous seven years, and here at 
 last were exhibited the noblest self-sacrifice and the loftiest patriotism 
 the world had ever seen. 
 
 The soldiers viewed the coming disbandment of the army with 
 forebodings. They were goaded by a thousand stings of reflec- 
 tion on the past and anticipation of the future. For a long time 
 neither officers nor privates had received any pay, for the treasury 
 was empty, with no hope of its immediate replenishment. They 
 were about to be turned on the world, soured by penury, and by 
 what they called the ingratitude of the public, involved in debts, 
 without one farthing of money to carry them home, after spending 
 the flower of their days and many of them their patrimony, in estab- 
 lishing the freedom of their country. 
 
 WASHINGTON'S H EADQUARTERS - FROM THE SOUTHWEST, 
 
 drawn on sheets of paper pasted together, the whole being abotit 
 seven feet long by eighteen inches wide. They represent the " Tem- 
 ple of Virtue," the buildings occupied by officers and soldiers of the 
 Jfassachusetts line (216 in number), and the framework for an illumi- 
 nation in the celebration of the successful termination of the war. 
 The drawings were made with the juices of grass, butternuts, etc. 
 The Headquarters' Trustees had fac-simile copies made. 
 
 The first assembly at the Public Building was on February 6, 17S3, 
 before its entire completion, to celebrate the anniversary of the al- 
 liance with France. The troops were paraded, and reviewed by 
 Washington, and a feii dc joic fired by all the troops. Afterwards 
 there was a reception at the building, attended by the officers and 
 their ladies, and a cold collation was provided. 
 
 ^Washington's orders. 
 
 Washington said that they had sufiicred everything tliat human 
 nature is capable of enduring this side of death, and he could not 
 avoid apprehending a train of evils of a very serious and disturbing 
 nature, as he perceived that the patience and long-suffering of the 
 army were well nigh exhausted. 
 
 On May 6, 1782, a dangerous mutiny was discovered among the 
 Sf)ldiers of the Connecticut line. It had been conducted with 
 great secrecy, and was on the point of execution before it was di- 
 vulged. The defection was general in the line. The soldiers had 
 determined to march at reveille the next morning to Fishkill, 
 where they intended taking a number of field pieces, with ammuni- 
 tion and provisions, and proceed to Hartford and demand of the As- 
 sembly that justice which they considered tlieir due. The most 
 guilty soldiers were arrested, and the ringleader was sentenced to 
 death. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 Contemplating the seemingly inherent weakness of tlie (loveni- 
 ment, many were inclined to consider it a normal condition of the 
 republican form, and sighed for a stronger one. This feeling became 
 so manifest in the army that Colonel Nicola, an oflker greatly re- 
 spected, addressed a letter to Washington in May, 17.S2, in which, 
 professing to spealc for the army, he declared that a republic was the 
 least stable of all forms of government, and that the English Go\- 
 ernment was the nearest to perfection that could be established. lie 
 said it was plain that the same abilities that had led them through 
 difficulties apparently insurmountable by human powers to victor)' 
 and glory, and which had merited and ol)taincd the universal esteem 
 and veneration of 
 the army, -would be 
 most likely to con- 
 duct and direct the 
 people in the 
 smoother paths of 
 peace. 
 
 ' ' Owing to the 
 prejudice of the 
 people," he said, 
 "it might not at 
 first be prudent to 
 assume the title of 
 royalty, but if all 
 things were once 
 adjusted, we be- 
 lieve strong argu- 
 ments might be 
 produced for ad- 
 mitting the title of 
 king. " 
 
 Washington's re- 
 ply was a stern re- 
 buke, administered 
 in a letter, to 
 Nicola. He said : 
 "It is with a mix- 
 ture of surprise and 
 astonishment I 
 have read the sen- 
 timent you have 
 submitted to my 
 perusal. Be assur- 
 ed, sir, no occur- 
 rences in the course 
 of the war have 
 given me more 
 painful sensations 
 than your informa- 
 tion of there being 
 such ideas existing 
 in the army as you 
 have expressed, 
 which I must view 
 with abhorrence 
 and reprehend with seventy. * * * * * ] ;ini nnich at 
 loss to conceive what part of my conduct has given encourage- 
 ment to an address -which to me .seems big with the greatest mischief 
 that can befall my country. If I am not deceived in the knowledge 
 of myself, you could not find a j^erson to whom your schemes are 
 more disagreeable. * * * Let me conjure you, then, if you have 
 any regard for your country, concern for yourself or posterity, or re- 
 spect for me, to banish these thoughts from your mind." 
 
 " The Great Republic had its birth 
 
 That hour tieneath the Army'.s wing, 
 Whose leader tauji^ht by native worth 
 The man is grander than tlie king." 
 
 In the latter part of 1782 the discontent in the army appeared more 
 formidable than ever. A committee from the army visited Cono-ress 
 
 in iJecember and returned with a series of most unsatisfactory 
 resolutions passed by that body. Feeble in resources, they made no 
 definite promises of present relief or future justice. This gave rise to 
 the celelirated Ncwljurgh Letters, or addresses, of whicli two were 
 issued anonymously and written with great power and ability. The 
 first letter, dated .Saturday, March S, 1783, advised the army to appeal 
 from the justice to the fears of the government, make demonstrations 
 of power and determination, arouse the fears of the people, and .so 
 oljtain justice for themselves. It began with a recital of their wrongs; 
 of the alleged insults heaped upon them by Congress, of its cold 
 neglect, of their own forljcarance and patience under them, and of 
 
 their self-sacrifice 
 and patriotism. 
 
 "If this," he 
 says, " lie your 
 treatment, while 
 the swords you 
 wear are necessary 
 to the protection of 
 your country, what 
 have you to expect 
 from peace, when 
 your voice shall 
 sink and your 
 strength dissipate 
 by division — when 
 those very swords, 
 the instruments 
 and companions of 
 your glory-, shall be 
 taken from your 
 sides and no re- 
 maining mark of 
 your military dis- 
 tinction left you 
 but your infirmities 
 and scars ? Can 
 you consent to re- 
 tire from the field 
 and grow old in 
 poverty, ^^Tetched- 
 ness and contempt? 
 Can you consent to 
 wade through the 
 vile mire of depend- 
 ency and owe the 
 remnant of that life 
 to charity which 
 has hitherto been 
 spent in honor? If 
 you can, go, and 
 carry with you the 
 jest of Tories, the 
 scorn of 'Whigs, 
 and what is worse, 
 the pity of the 
 Growing bold in his indig- 
 on ^^■ashington himself and exclaims: 
 f , , ''""^^^ ''^'^^"ise to more moderation and longer 
 
 forbearance. Let nothing but death separate you from your arms " 
 ^^ 'th this address was circulated privately a notification of a meet- 
 ing of officers at the New Building, the following Tuesdav. In gen- 
 d ;' rX T"' 1 "• '^^^"^-Ston expres.sed disapprobation of fuch 
 
 liTf';^'!™^''^*"?^''''"'^''^^ the same time requested the general 
 
 proper 
 ; on 
 
 ^ ^ - --^. ithe 
 
 : army t<, Congress. This was a master-stroke It 
 assured him the control of the meeting, and the selection of th. .„m 
 ber and rank of the officers to compose it. On the appcarance^f 
 
 MARTHA WASHINGTON. 
 
 world, 
 nation 
 
 Go, starve, and be forgotten.' 
 swoops down 
 
 ' ' Suspect the man who 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 39 
 
 this order tlie -writer of the anonj'mous address issued another, more 
 subdued in tone, in ^vhich he sought to give the impression that 
 AVashington approved of the scheme. 
 
 The meeting was held. General Gates presiding, and deep solem- 
 nity pervaded the assemblage. Amid the most profound silence the 
 beloved commander commenced reading the address he had pre- 
 pared in these old headquarters, so compact in 
 form and construction, so clear in expression 
 and meaning, so dignified and patriotic, so 
 mild yet so severe, and so important to the 
 well-being of the unfolding republic. 
 
 " Gentlemen," he said, " by an anonymous 
 summons, an attempt has been made to con- 
 vene you together. How inconsistent with the 
 rules of propriety, how unmilitary, and how 
 stibversive of all order and discipline, let the 
 good sense of the army decide." 
 
 Pausing for a moment he drew out his spec- 
 tacles, carefully wiped and adjusted them, and 
 while doing so remarked; "These eyes, my 
 friends, have grown dim, and these locks white 
 in the service; yet I have never doubted the 
 justice of my country." 
 
 This simple remark, under the circumstances 
 had a powerful effect on the assembly. He 
 concluded his address with these memorable 
 words : 
 
 "Let me conjure you in the name of the 
 common countn,', as you value your own sacred 
 honor, as you respect the rights of humanity 
 and the national character of America, to ex- 
 press the utmost horror and detestation of the 
 man who wishes under an}' specious pretence 
 to overturn the liberties of our country, who 
 wickedly attempts to open the floodgates of 
 civil discord and drench our rising Empire in 
 blood. By thus determining and thus acting 
 you will pursue the plain and direct road to 
 the attainment of your wishes — you will defeat 
 the insidious designs of our enemies, who are 
 compelled to resort from open force to secret 
 artifice, and you will give one more distin- 
 guished proof of unexampled patriotism and 
 patient virtue, rising superior to the most com- 
 plicated sufferings, and you will by the dignity 
 of your conduct afford occasion for posterity 
 to say, when speaking of the glorious example 
 you have exhibited to mankind: Had this day 
 been wanting, the world had never seen the 
 last stage of perfection to which human virtue 
 is capable of attaining." 
 
 Then he descended from the platform and 
 walked out of the building, leaving the officers 
 to discuss the matter, unrestrained by his 
 presence. Their conference was brief. They 
 passed resolutions by unanimous vote, express- 
 ing unshaken confidence in their chief and in 
 Congress, and their determination to bear with patience their griev- 
 ances until in due time they should be redressed. More than forty 
 years elapsed before it was discovered that the writer of these 
 anonymous addresses was Major John Armstrong, one of General 
 Gates's aides, who after the war held civil offices of distinction in our 
 government. 
 
 Let it not be supposed that strict discipline was not maintained 
 during all these trying times. The troops were regularly drilled and 
 exercised. We read in Washington's orders that John Blaisdell, for 
 breaking open the clothing store at Newburgh, and stealing from 
 there a number of boots and shoes, was sentenced to be reduced to a 
 private sentinel, and to receive twenty-five lashes on his naked back 
 
 each morning for four mornings successively. And only four days be- 
 fore the proclamation of the cessation of hostihties, Jeremiah Allen, a 
 drummer, for stealing a number of shirts and blankets out of the 
 public store at Newburgh, was sentenced to receive twenty-five 
 lashes at four different periods, each time in front of a different 
 regiment. 
 
 
 BEACON FIRE, 
 
 Religious services were 
 conducted with regularity and '•■ 
 
 decorum every Sabbath, and 
 the chaplains labored with 
 zeal and ability. Regimental 
 gardens were laid out, for 
 
 the purpose of raising greens and vegetables. Seeds were obtained 
 from the farmers in the stirrounding country. 
 
 But at last the tidings of peace, so long prayed for, came. At 
 noon, on the :9th of April, 1783, exactly eight years after the com- 
 mencement of the war, the cessation of hostilities was proclaimed 
 from the door of the New Building. Accompanying the order for 
 
40 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 this proceeding- was a congratulatory address to the army, in which 
 occuiTed these memorable words ; " While the General recollects the 
 almost infinite variety of scenes through which we have passed, with 
 a mixture of pleasvu-e and astonishment and gratitude ; while he con- 
 templates the prospect before us with rapture, he cannot help wish- 
 ing that all the brave men, of whatever condition they may be, who 
 have shared in the toils and dangers of the glorious revolution fif 
 rescuing millions from the hand of oppression and of laj-ing the 
 foundation of a great empire, might be impressed with a proper idea 
 of the dignified part they have been called to act, under the smiles of 
 Providence, on the stage of human aflfairs ; for happy, thrice happy, 
 shall they be pronounced hereafter who have contributed anything, 
 who have p e r- 
 formed the mean- 
 est office m 
 creating this stu- 
 pendous fabric of 
 freedom and em- 
 pire on the broad 
 basis of indepen- 
 dency, who have 
 assisted in pro- 
 tecting the rights 
 of human nature 
 and establishing 
 an asylum for the 
 poor and oppress- 
 ed of all nations 
 and religions." 
 
 The httle army 
 M-as assembled 
 about the building 
 when the procla- 
 mation was read, 
 and three mighty 
 cheers of joy went 
 up, and then every 
 voice was hushed 
 as Chaplain Gano 
 returned thanks 
 to the Most High, 
 the King of Na- 
 tions, for all his 
 great blessings. 
 Then, with glad 
 voices, that grand hahelujah hymn, "No King but God," was sung 
 by the thousands of voices to the accompaniment of instruments— 
 
 The States, Oh, Lord, with songs of praise 
 
 Sliall in thy strength rejoice, 
 And blest with thy salvation raise 
 
 To Heaven their cheerful voice. 
 
 To the King- they shall sing ; Hallelujah 
 
 And all the continent shall sing, 
 Down with this earthly king ! 
 
 No king but God ! 
 
 Can we not picture the scene? Can we not .share their joy and 
 pride as they give reverential praise and homage to Ilim who had 
 brought them thus far? 
 
 May Rome, France and Spain 
 And all the world proclaim 
 The glory of the fame 
 
 Of our loyal king. 
 God is the King. Amen ! 
 The Lord is his name. Amen 
 May his reign be glorious, 
 America victorious. 
 And may the earth acknowledge 
 
 God is king. 
 Amen ! Amen ! Amen ! 
 
 Again at sunset of the same day the army is assembled on parade, 
 and at the head of every regiment we hear the proclamation once 
 
 SOME INTERESTING TROPHIES AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 more, and the voices of the chaplains standing before them " render 
 ing thanks to the Almighty God for all his mercies, particularly foi 
 ovei"ruling the wrath of man to His glory, and causing the rage ol 
 war to cease among the nations." -* Then all the soldiers drank per- 
 petual peace, indeiiendenee and happiness to the United States o( 
 America. 
 
 Orders were issued for a " general rejoicing" to take place later, 
 and tlie regiments were ordered to square and deliver ninety-seven 
 large pieces of timber for a frame for an illumination, which was to 
 be a part of the celebration. The Tarbell drawings show this frame- 
 work completed, and the accompanying inscription states: "The 
 building erected to display the fireworks was not occupied for that 
 
 purpose, as the 
 display was made 
 at Bowling Green, 
 New York, in 
 November, 1783." 
 The officers real- 
 izing that the dis- 
 solution of the 
 army was drawing 
 nigh, and wishing 
 to perpetuate {hat 
 friendship which 
 numerous hard- 
 ships, sufferings 
 and common dan- 
 gers had inspired 
 in their breasts, 
 resolved to form 
 themselves into a 
 society of the 
 name of the Cm- 
 einnati. Several 
 meetings were 
 held for the pur- 
 pose, at the Pubhc 
 Building, and an 
 institution was be- 
 gun. Some of the 
 (.ifficers had serious 
 objections to the 
 institution, and for 
 a time rr;f-used to 
 become members 
 of it. General Heath, for one, was opposed t.. the idea of 
 anything that had any semblance of an order or an\- insignia or 
 badge of distinction, asserting that it would onlv ser\-e to mark 
 them in an unfavoraljle light with their fellow-citizens ; but the 
 prevailing opinion of the , .ffieers was otherwise. General Heath, with 
 the others, seeing that the organization was inevitable, at length 
 signed the roll, for the sole reason that his posterity, if they should 
 have no insignia., f the society in the familv, might think that their 
 ancestor had been guilty of some misconduct which depriN-ed him of 
 It. On June ig, a number of the officers, viz., several general of- 
 ficers, and officers commanding regiments and corps met at the New 
 Building and elected General Washington President-General; Gen- 
 eral MaclJougall, Treasurer ; and General Knox, Secretary pro tem- 
 pore to the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 On June 2, 1783, the general orders of the day announced that the 
 men "engaged for the war " would be immediately furloughed, with 
 a proportion of the officers, marched home in divisions, and as soon 
 as a definitive treaty of peace arrived they would be discharged. 
 1 hose men that remained engaged for other periods were to he 
 formed into complete corps, the officers to agree who should stay, and 
 in cases where they could not agree seniority was to decide Generals 
 and commanding officers were requested to make arrangements for 
 
 '' Washington's order. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 41 
 
 marching the troops of their respective States to their homes. This 
 Avas a judicious method of disbanding the army gradually, without 
 entirely losing the hold of the Congi-ess upon the soldiers before the 
 treaty of peace should be ratified. As this was not done till long 
 afterwards these furloughs amounted to absolute and final discharge. 
 
 A CASE OF MISCELLANEOUS RELICS— AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS 
 
 The issuance of this order was the beginning (jf the end of the last 
 cantonment of the main Continental army. 
 
 The first body of soldiers to leave was the battalion of Maryland 
 troops, which marched southward on June 5, going down the old way 
 back of the Highlands and through New Jersey. 
 
 On June 6, in the morning, the New Jersey regiments marched 
 from the cantonment to their own State, where they, like the others, 
 were to be disbanded. The same day the First New York Regiment 
 made a present of their standards and band to Governor Clinton and 
 marched to Poughkeepsie, escorted by the light company of the 
 regiment. The other New York troops were furloughed and dis- 
 banded at the cantonment on the same day. The soldiers for the 
 war of the First New Hampshire Regiment, continental infantry, 
 and the Second New Hampshire Continental Battalion also marched 
 for their homes on this da)'. The men entitled to furlough in the four 
 invalid companies were disbanded, and the company of sappers and 
 miners at West Point were also dismissed. 
 
 One by one the regiments and companies were marching away to 
 their own States, there to separate to their individual homes, or else 
 disbanding on the spot. Next it is the turn of the faithful Life 
 Guards to bid each other farewell. On the following day, June 7, 
 the company was broken up, some going one way and some another, 
 and a guard of about forty men from the Massachusetts line assem- 
 bled at noon at the New Building and relieved them. 
 
 But not all the men entitled to leave desired to avail themselves 
 of the privilege. Some of them had no homes to go to. The best 
 years of their life had been spent for their country, and now they 
 were to be cast upon the world, penniless, many of them without ad- 
 equate knowledge of the means of earning a livelihf)od by civil 
 pursuits, their hard-earned military knowledge worse than useless, to 
 go in .silence and alone, and poor and hopeless — is it any wonder 
 many of them did not go? So Washington directed that those who 
 wished not to go should notify their commanders, and an equal num- 
 ber of soldiers who had enlisted for three years might go in their 
 
 stead. Those who remained were required to continue their duties 
 as soldiers until the ratification of the treaty of peace. 
 
 Commencing with June 8, a division of Massachusetts troops 
 marched away each day, until all entitled to furlough had gone. Four 
 regiments of Massachusetts three-year men remained. 
 
 The Iciices that had been held each day 
 at noon, since April 15, at the New Building 
 were now discontinued. On the day that the 
 order was given lightning struck the flag 
 staff of the New Building, entered the house, 
 ran down the side of it, doing some damage, 
 and stunning several soldiers near the door. 
 On the 13th the men who had enlisted 
 for three years, and for shorter periods not 
 expired, were formed into regiments. 
 
 On June 20 the troops remaining at the 
 cantonment were ordered to march on 
 Monday morning, the 23d, at 5 o'clock, by 
 the left, the senior Brigadier on the Massa- 
 chusetts line to conduct the column over 
 Storm King to West Point. The baggage, 
 with a proper escort, was to go by water. 
 These corps, with the troops at West 
 Point, were to compose the garrisons at that 
 post and its dependencies. 
 
 Accordingly, on the next Monday, the 
 troops were astir at day-break, and early 
 in the morning they left their barracks and 
 tents and marched away over the Storm 
 King, and the last cantonment of the main 
 Continental army came to an end. Four 
 companies were left to do ordinary guard 
 duty over the public property, and were di- 
 rected to be relieved every nine days by 
 a detachment from West Point. All the gen- 
 eral officers who had been doing duty lately 
 in camp were given leave of absence, except Major-General Knox, who 
 had assumed command at West Point, and Brigadier-Generals John 
 Patterson and John Greatton, who served under him. General Howe 
 was retained for temporary duty at Philadelphia. 
 
 On August 26, 17S3, the Quartermaster-General's office at New- 
 burgh issued a notice that on Tuesday, Sept. 2, at 2 p. m., the 
 
 THIRTY-TWO-POUND IRON GUN-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 Part of the Armament of Fort Ticonderoga. Captured from the English by Ethan Allen. 
 
 Recaptured by Burgoyne, and returned to the Americans at Saratoga. 
 
 huts lately occupied by the First and Third Massachusetts Brigades, 
 the building called the Temple, and other scattered huts in the vicinity, 
 would be sold at auction. Also, on the following day, at Newburgh, 
 
42 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 would be sold at auction a number of wagons and a quantity of public 
 stores. It is presumed that this sale occurred as per advertisement, 
 and that the huts and the Temple were removed immediately there- 
 
 marched to New York and took possession of that city on its 
 evacuation by the British on Nov. 25, at which event Washington 
 was present. In December Washington sm-rendered his com- 
 mission to Congress, and this terminated 
 his career with the Continental army. 
 
 On the 4tli of July, 1850, the ancient 
 dwelling that had been his headquarters 
 was dedicated to be a monument of the 
 great and touching events above related^ 
 while a multitude of people stood by. A 
 military and civic procession marched to 
 the grounds and gathered about a lofty 
 flagstaff newly erected, from \vhich was to 
 float a flag bearing the inscription, " Liber- 
 ty and Union now and forever, one and 
 inseparable." JIajor-General Scott was 
 there to raise it. Judge Monell made an 
 address, and an ode, composed for the 
 occasion by his wife, was sung. As the 
 last verse rang out upon the Summer air — 
 
 " With a prayer your faith expressin;!^, 
 Raise your country's flag on high; 
 Here, where rests a nation's blessing. 
 Stars and stripes shall float for aye! 
 
 ilutely telling 
 Stirring tales of days g^ne by,"— 
 
 the old hero pulled on the halyard, and 
 the flag rose to the tfip, and as it swung 
 out to the breeze, a deafening hurrah rang 
 out over the river. 
 
 The building is owned by the State 
 and in the control of the Trustees appointed 
 
 A CASE OF CLOTHING, BOOKS, &C.-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS by the Governor, viz: Hon. Joel T. Headley, 
 
 Major Edward C. Boj-nton, John C. Adams, 
 after. Considerable property was removed to West Point, and re- Hon. James G. Graham, Charles S. Jenkins, Hon. M. H. Hirschberg, 
 
 mained there for many years. On the 
 ington proceeded up the Hudson. At 
 Albany he was joined by Governor Clinton 
 and a small party. After visiting the scene 
 of Burgoyne's surrender. Lake George, the 
 Mohawk Valley and other points of interest, 
 he arrived back at Newburgh August 5. On 
 August 17 he issued his last general order 
 from army headquarters, announcing his de- 
 parture to meet Congress at Princeton. On 
 the following day he left Newburgh, stop- 
 ping at West Point, and thence resuming 
 his journey; his temporary headquarters be- 
 ing ultimately established at Rocky Hill, 
 where he issued his farewell orders, and 
 where he remained till November, when he 
 returned to West Point. In October, after 
 the treaty of peace had been ratified. Con- 
 gress by proclamation discharged all the 
 soldiers who had been "enlisted for the 
 war," and been furloughed in June. The 
 remaining men, consisting of those who 
 had enlisted for shorter periods, were dis- 
 banded Nov. 3. A small force of re-enlist- 
 ed men were retained for duty at West 
 Point, and these, with such disbanded men 
 and militia as could be brought together, 
 
 i8th of Jidy Wash- A. S. Ring, Jos. H. H. Chapman, I)a\-id Carson and Lewis M. Smith. 
 
 A CASE OF INDIAN RELICS-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS. 
 
 Revolutionary Events Commemorated at Newburgh and Neighboring Tov/ns. 
 
 EWBURGH celebrated the advent of the Centennial 
 Year by a general rejoicing. The jubilee began about 
 nine o'clock on the evening of Friday, Dec. 31, 1875, 
 and continued throughout the night, although the par- 
 ticular demonstration occurred during the few hours 
 first following midnight and the birth of the new 5-ear. 
 The principal feature of the celebration was a torch- 
 light procession. After the preparatory hum of assembling, the 
 organizations intending to join in the nocturnal parade began to 
 arrive at the ren- 
 dezvous on Broad- 
 way at half-past 
 eleven. Scarcely 
 had they formed 
 the line ere a rocket 
 soared, heavenward 
 announcing the 
 end of the old j^ear 
 and the birth of 
 the new, the signal 
 for the procession 
 to move. Then en- 
 sued a pandemon- 
 ium the like of 
 which Newburgh 
 never heard before. 
 Jlighty huzzas 
 went up from the 
 great multitude 
 that packed the 
 broad thorough- 
 fare. A hundred 
 steam-whistles rent 
 the air with ear- 
 sphtting shrieks. 
 Every whistle in 
 the city — locomo- 
 tive, factory and 
 steamboat whistles 
 and every bell, 
 great and small, 
 joined in the glad 
 acclamation. Dis- 
 charges of cannon- 
 ry reverberated along the hills, a countless number of tin-horns 
 were blown, the sky became aflame with the glare from monster 
 bonfires, colored fires, rockets and all manner of pyrotechnics, and 
 thousands of voices shouted forth thanksgiving that the nation had 
 lived to see this day. And thus was the birth of the centennial year 
 announced. 
 
 The jubilee procession was commanded by Colonel William D. 
 Dickey and was composed of the Nineteenth Battalion , fire companies. 
 
 Ellis Post and several societies. A hay-rigging, loaded with barrels 
 filled with straw and saturated with oil, was hurried ahead of the 
 procession, and its crew started bonfires on every corner. Nearly 
 every house was illuminated and decorated. The noise of the 
 demonstration was heard miles away, and the illumination seen afar 
 off. The procession reached Washington's headquarters at 1.15 a. 
 m., and while standing around the flag-pole "My Country, 'Tis of 
 Thee" was sung. The celebration was a spontaneous and almost 
 extemporaneous outburst of patriotic enthusiasm. Ellis Post went 
 
 down to the Long 
 Dock and fired a 
 national salute, and 
 sang patriotic 
 songs. Watch- 
 night services were 
 held in five church- 
 es, banquets were 
 given, and the 
 thanksgiving and 
 merry- making 
 were continued till 
 nearly daybreak. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL 
 FOURTH. 
 
 The Sabbath pre- 
 ceding the Fourth 
 of July, 1S76, was 
 devoted by the 
 people to the praise 
 and worship of the 
 Almighty Ruler of 
 the universe for the 
 preservation of the 
 nation. Patriotic 
 sermons were 
 preaclied and ap- 
 propriate hymns 
 were sung in all 
 the churches. In 
 the afternoon five 
 thousand people 
 gathered at Wash 
 ing ton's Head- 
 quarters. At 2.30 o'cloclc a children's service was held, presided over 
 by Mayor McCroskery. The service for adults commenced at 4 
 o'clock, Rev. Dr. John Forsyth presiding. The One Hundredth 
 Psalm was sung, the singing being led by a large choir. Rev. O. 
 Applegate read the 35th Psalm, and prayer ^\ as offered by Rev. G. 
 S. Hare. The national hymn, "Lord, While for all Mankind we 
 Pray," was sung to the tune of Dundee. A sermon was preached by 
 the Rev. Samuel Carlisle from the following text: "Thou hast 
 
 U3] 
 
 A CASE OF INDIAN WAR IMPLEMENTS- AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
44 
 
 brought a vine out of Egypt : thou hast cast out the heathen, and 
 planted it. Thou preparedst room for it, and didst cause it lu take 
 deep root, and it lilled the land."— Psai.m 8o: S-y. 
 
 The Centennial Fourth was celebrated with great spirit, and with 
 the usual caunonry and bell-ringing at sunrise, noon and sunset. In 
 the morning there was a parade by the fire department, military com- 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 WASHINGTON'S CHAIR, 
 
 At Washington's Headquarters. One of a Set in Use there during Washington's 
 occupation. Preserved in the HaEbrouc)< family. 
 
 panics, veteran soldiers and many societies. Exercises were after- 
 ward held at Washington's Headquarters, consisting of vocal and 
 instrumental music, the reading of the Declaration of Independence 
 by Major E. C. Boynton, an oration by Hon. A. J. Thomson of 
 Schenectady, and a poem by Mr. J. Owen Moore, of Washington- 
 ville. In the evening a fireworks exhibition was given on the City 
 Terrace, at the head of South Street. 
 
 CELEBRATIONS OF laSa. 
 
 The great Revolutionary centennials, commencing with that 
 of Lexington and followed during the course of eight j-ears by cele- 
 brations at Bunker Hill, Philadelphia, Stony Point, Saratoga, York- 
 town and other places, were brought to a close by a series of celebra- 
 tions at Newburgh and its vicinity, where the closing scenes of the 
 Revolution were enacted. The centennial of the proclamation of the 
 cessation of hostilities was the first. The 19th of April was observed 
 as a hoHday in Newburgh, and Mayor Ward issued a proclamation. 
 At noon a salute from Washington's Headquarters was fired and an- 
 swered by salutes from West Point and Fishkill Landing ; the church 
 bells rang out in glad acclaim, and ir.any steam whistles joined in the 
 great rejoicing. In the afternoon the Tenth Separate Company, Cap- 
 tain Joseph M. Dickey, made a street parade. In the evening fires 
 were burning on the Beacons, on Breakneck, the Storm King and 
 Snake Hill. The Tenth Separate Company gave a banquet at the 
 
 United States Hotel, Captain Joseph M. Dickey, presiding, and ad 
 dresses were delivered by Judge Monell, E. M. Ruttenber, Hon. 
 loci T. Headley, Rev. Dr. Forsyth, Major E. C. Boynton, J 
 1 lervey Cook and Hon. James G. Graham. These exercises were sup- 
 plemented by an additional commemoration of a religious character 
 on the ensuing Sabbath, held at the Newburgh Armory, in charge of 
 the clergymen of the city. Though the day was stormy several 
 thousand people were present. The Rev. Dr. William K. Hall pre- 
 sided, and made an address. Mayor Ward, the Common Council,, 
 nearly all of the clergymen of the city, members of the Newburgh 
 and Fishkill centennial committees and others occupied seats on the 
 platform. The large audience sang hymns, led by a choir of a hun- 
 dred v(jiccs and a I'jrass band. The Rev. F^r. Forsyth offered prayer, 
 the Rev. Samuel Carlisle read Scripture passages, another prayer was 
 offered by the Rev. W. H. Mickle ; the Rev. Dr. O. Applegate and the 
 Rev. Arthur Jones made addresses ; Dr. Hall read the Revolutionary 
 army's great anthem, "No King but God," and various other clergy- 
 men had a part in the exercises. 
 
 Saturday. June 2, there was a memorable observance in the 
 Village of Fishkill, across the river from this city. The village was 
 gaily decorated. Business was entirely suspended. There was a 
 procession, including thirty-eight young ladies in a representation of 
 the States; also music, addresses and a general rejoicing. 
 
 On June 22, a celebration was held at Temple Hill, New Wind- 
 sor, on the old campground of the army where so many memorable 
 events occurred. Several thousand people assembled there, including 
 the veterans of the 124th Regiment. Patriotic addresses were made 
 by Hon. James G. Graham, Judge E. L. Fancher, E. M. Ruttenber, 
 General George H. Sharpe, Hon. C. H. Winfield and William Van- 
 amee, Esq., of Middletown. A long letter from Judge Monell was 
 read, Clarence F. Buhler read a poem, and the people sang BiUings' 
 anthem. 
 
 The Newburgh Centennial, the greatest of all the Revolutionary 
 celebrations, occurred October iS, 1883. Two years had been spent 
 in preparation, and Congress, the Legislature and the Common 
 Council had made liberal appropri- 
 ations. When the sun looked over 
 the Fishkill mountains that memor- 
 able morning, the North Atlantic 
 Squadron of five men-of-war Ipng 
 in the bay had just shaken the 
 city to its foundations with its 
 tremendous guns. Again at eight 
 o'clock windows rattled and the 
 houses shook with the concussions 
 of the great guns as they proclaim- 
 ed the arrival of the Tallapoosa 
 with the Secretary of War. The 
 day had hardly dawned ere thous- 
 ands of pccjple began to flock into 
 the city, by railway trains, road- 
 wagons and steamboats. Thous- 
 ands upon thousands were landed 
 by the ferryboats. A multitude 
 was surging about the feiTy-house 
 at Fishkill for hours, the people 
 accumulating faster than the boats 
 could transport them over the river. 
 The railroads brought thousands 
 into the union depot at Newburgh, 
 and up to eleven o'clock about 
 twent)--five excursion boats had 
 arrived. The river-front was lined 
 Avith steamers from Sherman's 
 Dock to the coal docks, and 
 anchored in the stream were the men-of-\var and numerous yachts. 
 
 The day was very propitious, and so full and ample were the 
 preparations by the Centennial Committee that everything passed off 
 in a satisfactory manner, to the great delight and pleasure of a vast 
 number of people. Newburgh never looked handsomer or anneared 
 
 At 
 
 MARTHA WASHINGTON'S WATCH 
 
 Washington's Headquarters. The 
 watch bears the name of the maker 
 " Barwie, London, No. 743," It was 
 made to order for Mrs, Custis, (17581 
 before her marriage with Washington 
 and was worn by her for many years, 
 including the period of her occupan- 
 cy of the Headquarters building with 
 her husband. Its authenticity is un- 
 questionable, but the case inscription 
 of " Bridal Watch " attached to it isa 
 fiction. "Martha Custis" is in let- 
 ters on the face, over the figures 
 commencing at figure I, 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 45 
 
 to better advantage. So profiise and beautiful were the decorations 
 that the city seemed one mass of briUiant color, and here and there 
 was an outburst that almost dazzled the beholder and made him think 
 of scenes in fairyland. For days before the place had a holiday 
 appearance, giving evidence of what might be expected on the great 
 day. when the greatest anticipations were not disappointed. 
 
 The procession was a magnificent pageant, and the general verdict 
 was that a finer parade of mixed organizations of the same number 
 .of men had never been seen in this country. The military bodies 
 were the best the States afforded, and were supplemented by the 
 splendid naval brigade, and as fine a division of firemen as ever 
 dragged a machine. There were fully forty bands, including several 
 of the most famous in the country, and nearly a score of drum corps. 
 The procession approached three miles in length and required about an 
 hour and a half to pass a given point. The line formed in Broadway 
 and the side streets, between Colden and Dubois, and started at 11.50. 
 The last of the procession did not pass Grand Street going down 
 Broadway till 1.05 p. m. The head of the column, then passing south 
 in Grand Street, was out on Broadway again two minutes after. The 
 corner was cleared just m time. In other words the moving column 
 extended from the comer down Broadway, through Colden and Water 
 Streets to Grand, and back southward in Grand Street to Broadway 
 again — this in the early portion of the parade, when the bodies were 
 moving close together. 
 
 ORDER OF PROCESSION. 
 
 Company of New York City Police. 
 Grand ^Marshal, Charles H. Weygant. 
 H. P. Ramsdell, Chief of Staff. 
 Aids: 
 Thomas W. Bradley, Dr. John Deyo, 
 
 J. Owen Moore, William H. Kelly, 
 
 Charles E. Snyder, John A. McDonnell, 
 
 J. D. Mabie, Frederick Decker, 
 
 N. H. Schrani, Charles ]\Iapes, 
 
 James Heard, James W. Benedict, 
 
 Clark B. Galatian, Seneca W. Merritt. 
 
 Buglers, Color Bearers and Orderlies. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION. 
 
 Marshal, Brigadier-General Louis Fitzgerald. 
 
 Staff, Bugler and Orderlies. 
 
 Seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. , of New York City, 700 men. 
 
 Cappa's Seventh Regiment Band, 55 pieces. 
 
 Drum and Bugle Corps, 30 pieces. 
 
 Col. Emmons Clark and Staff. Lieut.-Col. George Moore Smith. Major 
 
 Richard Allison. 
 
 Company C — Captain Don Alonzo Pollard. 
 
 Company B — Captain Henry S. Steel. 
 
 Company G— Captain James C. Abrams. 
 
 Company A— Captain Augustus W. Connor. 
 
 Company I— Captain William C. Casey. 
 
 Company E— Captain George B. Rhodes, 
 
 Company H— Captain James L. Price. 
 
 Company K — Captain Francis W. Bacon. 
 
 Company F— Captain Daniel Appleton. 
 
 Company D— Captain W. H. Kipp. 
 
 Uniformed Seventh Regiment Veteran Battahon, 350 men. 
 
 8th Regiment Band, 40 pieces. 
 
 Colonel Locke W. Winchester. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Charles B. Bostwick. 
 
 Major John H. Kemp; 
 
 Company A— Captain Henry I. Hayden. 
 
 Company B— Captain John C. Griffing. 
 
 Company C— Captain John W. Murray. 
 
 Company D— Captain William H. Riblet. 
 
 Company E— Captain Wm. A. Speaight. 
 
 Company F— Captain Edward O. Bird. 
 
 Company G— Captain Lyman Tiffany. 
 
 Company H— Captain Henry C. Shumway. 
 
 Company I— Captain Edward G. Arthur. 
 
 Company K— Captain James Ray, 
 
 Officers of day and distinguished guests in 50 carriages. 
 
 Peter Ward, Mayor of Newburgh, Chairman of the Committee in Charge. 
 
 Hon. Joel T. Headley, President Washington's Headquarters Commission. 
 
 Hon. Thomas F. Bayard, Presiding Officer. 
 
 Hon. Wm. M. Evarts, Orator. 
 
 Mr. Wallace Bruce, Poet. 
 
 Rev. »S. Irenjeus Prime, D. D., Chaplain. 
 
 Hon. William E. Chandler, Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 Hon. Grover Cleveland, Governor of New York, and Staff. 
 
 Hon. Augustus O. Bourn, Governor of Rhode Island, and Staff. 
 
 Major-General Carr and Staff. 
 
 Major-General Shaler and Staff. 
 
 Members of the Joint Congressional Committee, viz.: 
 
 Hon. Lewis Beach, Hon. Warner Miller, Hon. J. H. Ketcham, 
 
 Hon. Joseph R. Hawley, Hon. A. G. Curtin, 
 
 Hon. Amos Townsend. 
 
 Brevet Major-General W. D. Whipple, A. A. G. 
 
 Major Asa B. Gardner, Judge Advocate, and 
 
 Captain G. S. L. Ward, Aide-de-Camp, 
 
 of General Hancock's Staff. 
 
 Common Council of City of Newburgh. 
 
 Delegates Society of the Cincinnati and 100 distinguished guests. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 Marshal, William D. Dickey. 
 Howard Thornton, Chief of Staff. 
 
 Aids : 
 B. B. Moore, J. S. Wiseman, 
 
 Augustus Senior, E. A. Brown, 
 
 Albert N. Chambers, 
 G. Gartzman, M. D., 
 G. Fred Wiltsie, 
 
 Kelsey FuUagar, 
 James Ogden, 
 John A. Staples. 
 
 Battalion of 5th U. S. Artillery, dismounted. 
 
 Governor's Island Band. 
 
 Brevet Brigader-General R. H. Jackson, commanding. 
 
 Company A— Captain and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel B. Beck. 
 
 Company B — Captain N. E. A^'an Reed. 
 
 Company I— Captain G. W. Crabb. 
 
 Company M— Captain G. V. Wier. 
 
 Naval Brigade, from North Atlantic Squadron, 800 men. 
 
 Marine Band, 20 pieces. 
 
 Pioneer Corps. 
 
 Commander A. V. Reed, U. S. N., commanding. 
 
 Lieutenant C. E. Callahan, L'. S. N., Adjutant-General. 
 
 Marine Battalion — Captain W. S. Muse, U. S. N., Commanding. 
 
 Infantry Battalion (Sailors) — Lieut. R. P Rodgers, U. S. N., commanding. 
 
 Artillery Battalion— Lieut. G. W. Tyler, U. S. N., commanding. 
 
 Rear-Admiral G. H. Cooper, staff and officers of fleet, in carriages. 
 
 Tenth Separate Company, of Newburgh, 40 men. 
 
 Tenth Regiment Band, of Albany, 24 pieces. 
 
 Captain J. M. Dickey, commanding. 
 
 Putnam Phalanx Battahon, of Hartford, 125 men. 
 
 Battalion Drum Corps, 14 pieces. 
 
 Alvin Squires, Major, commanding, and staff. 
 
 First Company— Captain C. A. Case. 
 
 Second Company — Captain Joseph Warner. 
 
 Honorary Corps— Captain J. W. Welch. 
 
 Nineteenth Separate Co., N. G. S. N. Y. , of Poughkeepsie, 60 men. 
 
 Drum Corps. 
 
 Captain Haubennestel, commanding. 
 
 Twenty-third Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of Brooklyn, 550 men. 
 
 Twenty-third Regiment Band, 50 pieces. 
 
 Fife and Bugle Corps, 120 pieces. 
 
 Colonel Rodney C. Ward and Staff. Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Frothingham. ■ 
 
 Major C. L Fincke. 
 
 Company G~Captain Alfred H. Williams. 
 
 Company E— Captain Arthur Guthrie. 
 
 Company H— Captain Alexis C. Smith. 
 
 Company K—Captain Charles E. Waters. 
 
 Company F— Captain George H. Pettit. 
 
 Company B~First Lieutenant Willard L. Candee. 
 
 Company C — Captain Ezra De Forest. 
 
 Company A— Captain Arthur B. Hart. 
 
 Company D— Captain Darius Ferry. 
 
 Third Regt.,N. G. S. N.J. (Garfield Legion), Elizabeth, N. J., 400 men. 
 
 Third Regiment Band, 25 pieces. 
 Colonel E. H. Ropes and Staff. Lieut.-Colonel M. N. Oviatt. Major A. B. Lee. 
 
 Company A— Captain G. C. Amerod. 
 
 Company B— Captain J. V. AUstroon. 
 
 Company D— Captain John D. Stroud. 
 
 Company C— Captain W. H. DeHart. 
 
 Company G— Captain O. S. Stanhope. 
 
 Company E, Seventh N. J., 70 men— Captain A. J. Buck. Temporarily attached 
 
 to Third New Jersey Regiment. 
 
46 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Cadet Battalion of the Peekskill (N.Y.) Military Academy, 125 strong. 
 
 Di"uin Corps. 
 
 Colonel Wright commanding. 
 
 THIRL) DIVISION. 
 
 Marshal, Edward D. Hayt. 
 C. L. Waring, Chief of Staff. 
 Aids : 
 Wm. T. Peters, 
 John Smith, 
 Edward Stocker, 
 M. V. Waring, 
 
 Edward Whelan, 
 \V. H. Van Sciver, 
 F. H. Mason, 
 C. F. Wells. 
 
 Thirteenth Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of Brooklyn, 600 men. 
 
 Dodworth's Thirteenth Regiment Band, 50 pieces. 
 
 Drum and Bugle Corps, 30 pieces. 
 
 Colonel David E. Austin and Staff. Lieutenant-Col. Theodore B. Gates. 
 
 Major W. B. Tyson. 
 
 Regimental Veteran Corps, Col. Willoughby Powell. 
 
 Company G— Captain William L. Watson. 
 
 Company H— Captain C. P Kretchmar. 
 
 Company D— Captain Edward Fackner. 
 
 Company I--Captam James S. IManderville. 
 
 Company K -Captain George B. Squires. 
 
 Company F— Captain William H. Courtney. 
 
 Company C— Captain F B. S. Morgan. 
 
 Company A— Captain Wm. L. Collins. 
 
 Company D-First Lieut. D. JI. D. 
 
 Company B— Captain Ed. M. Smith. 
 
 13th Regiment Battery, Captain G. W. Corcoran. 
 
 Fifth Separate Company, of Newburgh, 60 men. 
 
 Moscow's Newburgh City Band, 16 pieces. 
 Fife and Drum Corps, 12 pieces. 
 Captain J. T. Chase, commanding. 
 
 Co. H, Seventy-first Regt., N. G. S. N. Y., of New York City, 60 men. 
 
 Band. 
 Captain F. H. Jordan, commanding. 
 
 Fifteenth Separate Company, of Poughkeepsie, 40 men. 
 
 Drum Corps. 
 
 Captain Berthold Meyers, commanding. 
 
 Eleventh Separate Company, of Mount Vernon, 40 men. 
 
 Mount Vernon Band, 15 pieces. 
 
 Captain J. M. Jarvis, commanding. 
 
 Fourth Separate Company, of Yonkers, 40 men. 
 Captain Isaiah Frazier, commanding. 
 
 Twenty-third Separate Company, of Hudson, 60 men. 
 
 Drum Corps, 18 men. 
 
 Captain E. R. Elting, commanding. 
 
 G. A. R. BRIGADE. 
 
 Assistant Marshal, W. H, Mickle. 
 Staff— D. L. Kidd, George Barber, W. T. Talmadge, 
 Egbert Lewis. 
 
 Ellis Post, No, 52, of Newburgh, So men. 
 
 Tottenville Band, iq pieces. 
 
 W. |H. Mills, commanding. 
 
 Uniformed Delegates, 120 men. 
 
 Rankin Post, No. 10, of Brooklyn, 150 men. 
 
 T4th Regiment Band, 20 pieces. 
 
 J. H. Walker, commanding. 
 
 Delegates from other Posts, 100 men. 
 
 Harry Lee Post, No. 21, Brooklyn, 60 men. 
 
 Drum Corp.s, 35 piece.s. 
 
 J. R. McNaughton, commanding. 
 
 Delegates from other Posts, 40 men. 
 
 Rowland Post, No 48, of Fishkill, 24 men. 
 Stephen Price, commanding. 
 
 Carroll Post, No. 279, of Port Jervis, 75 men. 
 Eramett's Band of 18 pieces. 
 Sol. Van Etten, commanding. 
 
 Pratt Post, No. 127, of Kingston, 150 men. 
 
 Post Drum Corps. 
 
 R. W. Anderson, commanding. 
 
 No. — , of Brooklyn, N. Y., 100 men. 
 
 George G. Meade Post, 
 
 Abram Vosburgh Post, No. 95, of Peekskill, 75 men. 
 
 Band. 
 
 W. A Sipperly, commanding. 
 
 Waldron Post, No. 82, of Nyack, 60 men. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Louis L. Robbins, commanding. Accompanied by Commander W. H. 
 
 Myers and -20 men from Silliman Post, No. 172. 
 
 John Hancock Post, No. 253, of Nyack, 40 men. 
 
 Band. 
 
 George F. Morse, commanding. 
 
 J. H. Ketcham Post, No. -ss, of Wappingers Falls, 40 men. 
 
 Band. 
 
 James Fenton, commanding. 
 
 First Company, Washington Continental Guards, N. Y. City, 24 men 
 Drum Corps, 12 pieces. 
 
 Independent Veteran Volunteers, of Poughkeepsie, 20 men. 
 Captain W. Platto, commanding. 
 
 Veterans of the 124th N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 FOURTH DIVISION. 
 
 Marshal, John R. Post. 
 Chief of staff, E. R. Hasbrouck. 
 Aids: 
 G. W. Townscnd. Ward Belknap. 
 
 West Point Band, 30 pieces. 
 
 Knights Templar Battalion. 
 
 Hudson River Commandery Xo. 35, K. T., of Xewburgh. 
 
 Commander, Eminent Sir Knight J. Searle; 100 men. 
 
 Poughkeepsie Commandery, No. 43, K. T., of Poughkeepsie. 
 Commander, Eminent Sir Knight A. F. Lindley ; 50 men. 
 
 Knights of Pythias Battalion. 
 Albany Uniformed Division, No. 2, of Albany. 
 Commander, Sir Knight iL J. Severence ; 60 men. 
 
 lona Uniformed Division, of Haverstraw. 
 Commander, Sir Knight Alonzo Bedell; 51 men. 
 
 Odd Fellows Battahon. 
 
 Brooklyn Uniformed Degree, Camp No. 2. 
 
 Commander Sidney S. Rowland; 65 men. 
 
 Washington Uniformed Degree, No. 10, of New York City, 
 
 Commander Lewis Nolte; 40 men. 
 
 Highland Falls Lodge, Xo. 429, of Highland Falls. 
 
 John F. Tucker, N. G.; 40 men. 
 
 Cornwall Lodge, No. 340, of Cornwall. 
 
 Henry Reveley, N. G.; 25 men. 
 
 Miscellaneous Societies. 
 
 German Mannerchor of Newburgh. 
 
 Theo. Ramstedt. President; 40 men. 
 
 Juvenile Temperance Association of Newburgh; 80 strong 
 
 George W. Bradley, President. 
 
 FIFTH DIVISION. 
 
 Marshal, Chief Engineer Nicholas Powell. 
 
 Staff: 
 
 Assistant Engineers of Newburgh Fire Department. 
 
 Visiting Companies. 
 
 Sixth Battery Band, of Binghamton. 
 
 Alert Hose Company, No. 2, of Binghamton. 
 
 J. W. Butler, Foreman; somen. 
 
 Erie Cornet Band, of Port Jervis. 
 
 Delaware Hose Company, N... 2, of Port Jervis. 
 
 E. B. Wilkinson, Foreman; 40 men. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Band of Yonkers. 
 
 Lady Washington Hose Company, No. 2, of Yonkers. 
 
 James McVicar, Foreman; 75 men. 
 
 Yonkers Brass Band; 15 pieces. 
 
 Hudson Hose Company, No. 4, of Yonkers. 
 
 Benjamin Cline, Foreman; 40 men. 
 
 Peekskill Cornet Band, 
 
 Courtland Hook and Ladder Company, No. i, of Peekskill, 
 
 Charles R. Swain, Foreman; 45 men. 
 
 North Tarrytown Fire Patrol, of North Tai-rytown. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 47 
 
 Tarrytown Cornet Band; 17 pieces. 
 Pocantico Hook and Ladder Company, No. — , of Tarrytown 
 John P. Kelly, Foreman; 40 men. 
 Rhinebeck Brass Band, 1+ pieces, 
 O. H. Booth Hose Company, No 2, of Poughkeepsie, 
 E. O. Caldwell Foreman ; 60 men. 
 Hurley Brass Band, of Kingston. 
 Kingston Hose Company, No. 2, of Kingston. 
 H. A, Burgan, Foreman. 
 Goeller's Band, 14 pieces. 
 Weber Hose Company, No. 3, of Rondout. 
 R. P. Carter, Foreman; 27 men. 
 Band. 
 Protection Hose Company, No. i, of Catskill, 
 Spencer C. Phillips, Foreman; 30 men. 
 Washington Hose Company, No 3, of Newburgh, 
 Henry Scott, Foreman, 
 
 NEWBURGH FIRE DEP.^RTMENT. 
 
 Montgomery Band, of Montgomery, N. V. 
 
 Brewster Hook and Ladder Company No. i, of Newburgh, 
 
 Wm. W. Boyd, Foreman. 
 
 71st Regiment Band, of New York. 
 
 Ringgold Hose Company No. i, of Newburgh, 
 
 John Ernest, Jr., Foreman. 
 
 2ist Regiment Band, of Poughkeepsie. 
 
 C. M. Leonard Steamer Company, No. 2, of Newburgh, 
 
 C. S. McKissock, Foreman. 
 
 Piano's Band, of Fishkill, 
 
 Columbian Hose Company, No. 2, of Newburgh. 
 
 J. H. R. Strachan, Foreman. 
 
 Jlillerton Band, of llillerton. 
 
 Highland Steamer Company, No. 3, of Newburgh, 
 
 H. C. ilellor. Foreman. 
 
 Eastman's College Band, of Poughkeepsie. 
 
 Chapman Hose Company, No. 4, of Newburgh, 
 
 Thomas H. Burke, Foreman. 
 
 Collins' Band, of Newburgh. 
 
 Washington Steamer Company, No. 4, of Newburgh, 
 
 Alex. J, Blitt, Foreman. 
 
 Cline's Albany City Band, of Albany. 
 
 Lawson Hose Company, No. 5, of Newburgh, 
 
 D, C. Cameron Foreman. 
 
 Grand-Stands were placed at intervals along the route. The 
 revie-wing stand was in front of the Court House, in Grand Street, and 
 when the procession arrived there the distinguished guests left their 
 carriages and entered the stand, all the bodies saluting when they 
 passed. 
 
 After the parade exercises were held at the Headquarters. 
 
 ORDER OF EXERCISES. 
 
 I Introductory Overture—" William Tell " Cappa's 7th Regt. Band. 
 
 2. Assemblage called to order by Hon. Peter Ward, Mayor. 
 
 3. Prayer Rev. S. Irenteus Prime, D. D. 
 
 4. Te Deum, "We Praise Thee, O God," by Dudley Buck. Grand Cho- 
 
 rus by 500 Voices and Band. 
 3. Introduction by United States Senator Thomas F. Bayard, President 
 of the afternoon. 
 
 6. " Hail Columbia " Chorus and Band. 
 
 7. Reading of a Poem (original) "The Long Drama from '76 to '83." 
 
 Wallace Bruce. 
 
 8. (a) Music by Cappa's Band. 
 
 (*) Chorus, "No King but God." 
 
 9. Oration Hon. William M. Evarts. 
 
 10. Benediction Rev. Dr. John Forsyth, of Newburgh. 
 
 11. ;March Cappa's Band. 
 
 At night occurred a magnificent fireworks display from floats in 
 the river. Many additional excursion boats had arrived early in the 
 evening, and the bay was filled with craft. The men-of-war and the 
 yachts were brilliantly decorated with colored lights, and besides set 
 off a great number of fireworks, thus supplementing the prescribed 
 exhibition. A large portion of the population viewed the spectacle 
 from the balconies and windows of their homes, while others congre- 
 gated on the nouse-tops down town and on the steamboats. The 
 chorus ot steamboat whistles on this occasion will long be remembered 
 by those who heard it. 
 
 The celebration was in charge of a committee of five — Mayor 
 Ward, ex-Mayor J. J. S. McCroskery, Hon. Joel T. Headley, Hon. 
 
 John C. Adams and Hon. M. H. Hirschberg, with Dr. R. V. K. 
 Montfort ai clerk ; and under their directions were several sub-com- 
 mittees. Congress appropriated 825,000, the Legislature $15,000, the 
 Common Council about $7,500, and citizens subscribed about $5,000. 
 Thirty-five thousand dollars was reserved for a monument at Wash- 
 ington's Headquaters. 
 
 The press of the whole country, with one accord, complimented 
 Newburgh for " the most successful and the finest of all the centennial 
 celebrations." We quote a few of their expressions: 
 
 New York Observer — " The Committee of Arrangements had 
 been hard at work for many months in making preparations, and 
 their energy, wisdom and patriotism were fully rewarded by a 
 magnificent celebration, and a perfect success, not an accident having 
 occurred, and no failure in anything having marked the admirably 
 arranged program." 
 
 New York Sun — " The procession was a very remarkable one in 
 its length, order and beauty. The oldest New Yorkers never saw 
 anything that they 
 think excelled it. 
 General Havvley, 
 of Hartford, said 
 he never saw any- 
 thing like it." 
 
 New York Com- 
 mercial Advertis- 
 er — " The fire pa- 
 rade was the finest 
 ever seen in this 
 section." 
 
 The New York 
 Herald — "It was 
 a glorious daj', and 
 the little city on the 
 Hudson had as fine 
 a military turnout 
 in its streets as has 
 been seen any- 
 where in the coun- 
 try this great while. 
 * * * * Though 
 perfected slowly, 
 the arrangement 
 of the procession 
 was skillfully car- 
 ried out, and after 
 the start was once 
 made there was 
 not the slightest 
 hitch." 
 
 New York Mail 
 a ti d E xp res s — 
 "The Newburgh 
 Centennial was a 
 perfect and mag- 
 nificent success. 
 The day was glor- 
 ious; the attendance was immense; the parade was splendid; the ar- 
 rangements were judicious and well carried out; the pageant was a 
 worthy culmination of a long series of centennials, and the oration, by 
 Mr. Evarts, was a great efiiort, both as a historical review of a most 
 interesting and touching episode in the history of Washington and of 
 the country, and as a grand oratorical display." 
 
 Ne^v York Star — " The account of the celebration given elsewhere 
 tells with what spirit and zeal the people of Newburgh worked up 
 and carried out one of the most interesting and successful of our 
 centennial celebrations." 
 
 Hudson Register — " Newburgh has been drawn upon to its utmost 
 limits, and has proved equal t,o the emergency. The narrow streets 
 and narrower pavements arc packed with a moving, surging throng 
 of human beings, but the utmost order prevails, and there is little 
 
 BOOT OF ONE OF RIEDESEL'S DRAGOONS— (HESSIANS) 
 At Washington's Headquarters. 
 
 The man was taken prisoner at Saratoga in 1777. He 
 traveled on toot with other prisoners on titeir way to 
 Easton, Pa., wearing boots of which this is one, as 
 far as Middlehope (North Newburgh), where he ex- 
 changed them for a lighter pair. 
 
4S 
 
 NEWBUKCjH. 
 
 work for the large police force brought into requisition as a precau- 
 tionary measure." 
 
 £fOoi'/j'n £aj^/f—" Yesterday's celebration at Newburgh trans- 
 cended the expectations of the most sanguine in almost every respect. 
 
 THE TOV^ER OF VICTORY. 
 
 The crowd that attended the ceremonies immensely overtaxed the 
 capacity of the little town ; the best of order prevailed ; there was 
 only one accident worth mentioning ; the pageant was imposing, citi- 
 zens, soldiery and ships of war contributing all they could to the gen- 
 eral effect ; and lastly, the orations were excellent. The weather 
 favored the celebrants generously, and the main regret the thousands 
 who participated in it could feel was that all their friends could not 
 share with them the pleasure they felt. It is worth noticing that the 
 preparations made by the people of Newburgh, and the State and 
 General Governments, were singularly quiet and unostentatious, and 
 that the fact greatly exceeded the promise." 
 
 Kingston Freeman — " The celebration at Newburgh on Thursday 
 was m no sense a local or even a State affair, but it can fitly be termed 
 a national demonstration and a glorious commemoration of the cen- 
 tennial of the Revolutionary War. It was more than a great day for 
 the city set on a hill, and well may its citizens feel proud of the cele- 
 bration down to the smallest detail. The most captious critic could 
 not possibly find even a point to harp on. * * * All honor to the 
 Committee of five ! All honor to Ncwburgh's citizens, public and 
 private ! They undertook an immense undertaking, and how grandly 
 it was carried out will be a story that will be told again and again, 
 both by young and old who were there That the marshals did 
 their work well, with precision and good judgment, was conceded by 
 all." 
 
 The memorial monument, or "Tower of Victory," standing on 
 the northeast corner of the Headquarters' ground at Newburgh, is 
 the result of a movement which was originated in the years 1 880-81 
 the primal design of which was to mark by a fitting monument not 
 only that spot, but also the encampment grounds at New Windsor 
 
 and those at Fishkill. This design, however, was subsequently 
 changed to a single monument at Newburgh which should commem- 
 orate the wliole, and with this conclusion the matter was placed 
 in the hands of a committee of Congress and the Secretary of 
 War, who approved plans submitted by Mr. 
 Maurice J. Power, of New York, drawn 
 by Mr. John H. Duncan, architect. Some 
 changes were made in these plans resulting 
 in the structure as it appears. The dimen- 
 sions or ground lines of the monument are 
 37 by 32 feet, with a total height of 53 feet. 
 The four large archways open into an 
 atrium and stairways leading into a belve- 
 dere. In the centre of the atrium is a 
 bronze statue of 'Washington, copied from 
 Houdon's celebrated model by Mr. William 
 Rudolph O'Donovan, and is presumed to 
 be life-size as well as a true ideal of Wash- 
 ington's person. 
 
 Resting in niches on the walls are four 
 bronze figures representing the four arms 
 of the service in the army of tne Revolution 
 — the Dragoon, the Artilleryman, the 
 Rifleman and the Line Oflicer — whieh 
 are claimed to be dressed in exact cos- 
 tumes of the times. Four large bronze 
 gates bearing seals and coats-of-arms of 
 the thirteen original States guard the 
 approach to the atrium, and are raised 
 and low-ered by portcullis. A bronze tab- 
 let is set on the exterior east wall with 
 a figure of Peace in relief. It bears this 
 inscription; "This monument was erected 
 under the authority of the Congress of the 
 United States, and of the State of New 
 York, in commemoration of the dis- 
 bandment, under proclamation of the 
 Continental Congress of October iS, 1783, 
 of the armies by whose patriotic and mili- 
 tary virtue our National Independence and 
 sovereignty were established." The total cost of the monument was 
 867,000. 
 
 GOV. GEORGE CLINTON. 
 From a Portrait at V/ashington'S Headquarter; 
 
LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS. 
 
 Advantages of Newburgh's Situation— Highland Terrace— Contributing 
 
 District and Neighboring Villages — Beautiful Drives— Nature's 
 
 Handivv^ork — Historical Associations and Legends. 
 
 EWBURGH is situated on the margin of the Hudson, 
 on the face of its western bank — which rises from the 
 water in wide terraces — and on the plain to which the 
 terraces ascend. It presents a beautiful appearance 
 from the water, or opposite shore, especially when 
 lighted up by the morning sun, or by countless lamps 
 at night. The natural scenery about Newburgh has 
 an aspect of mingled grandeur and beauty, peculiar and unrivaled. 
 Before the city is the lofty range of the Fishkill Mountains, on which 
 signal fires were lighted during the Revolution, and the group of the 
 Highlands through which the river flows. These are re- 
 flected in the broad and beautiful bay, broken hy one soli- 
 tary rock island, and at all times animated by water craft. 
 The city is sixty miles from the mouth of the Hudson, 
 and one hundred from the head of navigation. Its harbor 
 is the best on the river, which is here a mile and a quarter 
 wide, with a deep and clear channel from shore to shore. 
 The whole length of the river front is lined with docks. 
 
 GRAND AVENUE, 
 
 The largest ships that enter New York Harbor may have an 
 unobstructed and unchanging channel up the Hudson to New- 
 burgh Bay. Along the western bank, from Kingston south, a dis- 
 tance of ninety miles, the Palisades, the Highlands, and the 
 precipitous nature of the shore elsewhere, afford no advantageous 
 sites for large towns, except at Newburgh; and the flats, character- 
 istic of the east shore, and the unfavorable nature of the bank, are 
 obstructions to the building of large commercial towns on that side. 
 Newburgh is the chief city of Orange County — a district famed 
 for its butter and milk, horses and cattle — and the largest commercial 
 and manufacturing city between New York and Albany. A dozen 
 
 main turnpikes, from all parts of Orange and the adjoining counties 
 concentrate here, and are interlaced with innumerable subordinate 
 highways. Two score of villages are within contributing distance, 
 and a thickly settled farming country. Directly across the river are 
 two important manufacturing villages, Fishkill and Matteawan; 
 southward on the river are Cornwall, Cold Spring, West Point and 
 Highland Falls; and northward, also on or very near the river, are 
 Carthage Landing, New Hamburgh. Marlborough, Milton and 
 Wappingers Falls — all within twelve miles of Newburgh. 
 Numerous steamboats C(jnnect us with every other city, and with 
 
 almost every village, on the river, 
 some ol the craft being engaged 
 exclusively in the Newburgh 
 trade. 
 
 Besides being located on tide- 
 water, Newburgh is an import- 
 ant railroad center, having the 
 advantages derived from five 
 great inter-State routes, and the 
 lesser benefits of two or three 
 smaller roads. 
 
 The city is very compactly 
 built, with few breaks in the 
 blocks of buildings in the main 
 portion. The houses are mainty 
 constructed of brick. The place 
 has a solid, substantial and en- 
 terprising appearance. 
 
 In the immediate suburbs, just 
 outside of the legal boundary 
 lines, which, though outgrown, 
 have not been extended since the 
 incorporation of the village in 
 1800, is a large and wealthy popu- 
 lation, inhabiting charming 
 country-seats, with ample 
 grounds prettily ornamented. 
 Bej'ond is a great farming 
 country, where the deep, warm soil is highly cultivated and pro- 
 ductive. Near the river fruit-growing is the principal business of 
 the farmers ; elsewhere dairying receives the most attention. 
 
 The mountain formations south and west of us have been likened 
 to Nature's arm thrown l(jvingly around us. Willis said they ap- 
 peared to him " like a waving arm — like a gesture from Nature, and 
 an invitation to come in and look around you." It is the section 
 mainly within the curve of this bent arm, a ten-mile plain that was 
 years ago named " Highland Terrace," which we will attempt to de- 
 scribe in this chapter The terrace we speak of has an average 
 elevation of one hundred and twenty feet above the Hudson. Except 
 
 [49] 
 
50 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 where villages dot its broad expanse, it is divided into well-ordered 
 farms, with walls and fences in good repair, roads hard and smooth, 
 the orchards full, neat capacious houses, and ample barns, and 
 the whole section quite rid of angularity, and having the graceful- 
 ness of a long-settled country. The dri\-es arc \-aricd and beautiful, 
 and a curious as well as a picturescjue feature uf the landscape. 
 
 
 
 T^ 
 
 J 
 
 HATHAWAY GLEN. 
 
 is the multiplicit)' of deep glens. They are formed by the many 
 streams that cross the plateau — and the river into which they 
 empty being far below the level of the country, they have grad- 
 ually worn beds much deeper than the ordinary stream. At every 
 mile or so you will come to a sudden descent into a richly-wooded 
 vale, having visir)ns r)f beauty every-where, a winding brook at the 
 bottom, and romantic recesses, with a glimpse of — 
 
 "The river that moves .so grandly along. 
 Yet stops on the shore to ripple a song." 
 
 From every little rise of the rf)ad, you must rcmemljcr, the broad 
 bosom of the Hudson is seen, with the mountains in the background. 
 Any lover of nature will understand to what degree sunsets and 
 sunrises and moonlights are embellished by such surroundings. 
 Along the river, with land highly priced for ornamental residences, 
 are some of the smoothest as \\-ell as the mos-t romantically beautifid 
 of drives. It is a tempting trip along any of them when the hills 
 throw their afternoon shade. 
 
 For our first excursion let us drive directly nortliward, where we 
 have the choice of two lovely suburban roads, which, running through 
 the city only two hundred feet apart, touch each other at the city 
 line, then again two miles further on at the Balmville Tree, and 
 finally unite, after running parallel for five miles, on the farther side 
 of Cedar Hill. Both are wide and smooth, and lined all the way 
 with country-seats, with their green lawns and commanding river 
 vistas. Let us enter one of these Newburgh homes. The open gate 
 admits us to the smooth avenue. We have glimpses of an arbor 
 vitae hedge, a small and exquisite lawn — rare and flowering trees, 
 and bushes beyond — a lustrous and odorous tliicket, a gleam of the 
 
 river below— " a feeling" of the mountains across the river. The 
 grounds, though comprised of but five acres, are laid out in a large style, 
 that greatly enhances their apparent extent. A portion of the city 
 lies at the bottom of the hill, between the garden and the river, and 
 there is a road at the foot of the garden. But so skilfully are the 
 trees arranged that all suspicions of town and road are removed. 
 The enchanted visitor sees only the garden ending in the thicket, 
 which is so dextrously trimmed as to reveal the loveliest glimpses of 
 the river, each a picture in its frame of foliage, taut which is not low 
 enough to betray tlie presence of road or town. An extensive walk 
 exhibits a complete botanical circuit of plants arranged in a scientific 
 manner— a rock-work for Alpine plants, a hot-house f.jr superb tropi- 
 cal plants, and a pond for an aquarium, in which the water lilies anda 
 number of the aquatic plants are thriving. The house is externally 
 simple, but extremely elegant ; indeed its chief impression is that of 
 elegance. It is an Elizabethan style, designed to prove that a beau- 
 tiful, durable and convenient mansion could be built as cheaply as a 
 poor and tasteless temple. The house and its grounds are in con- 
 formity with the surrounding landscape, and in obedience to the 
 truest taste. 
 
 Continuing on our way, we pass the site of Weigand's old log 
 liouse, where General Wayne had his headquarters ; and farther on 
 Hathaway Glen— where a brook tumbles down successive rocks 
 through a magnificent gorge— and other little vales where rippling 
 waters flow. Two miles north of the city is the Balm of Gilead, 
 which is certainly the oldest inhabitant. It is the largest tree in all 
 the country round, being nearly twenty-five feet in circumference. 
 There is a tradition that the old monarch was once only a drover's 
 gad, which, being stuck in the ground, took root. It is soft wood, 
 of the kind that grows from the shp. One day an old Middlehope 
 preacher came along, and seeing the slender rod growing there. 
 
 THE BALM OF GILEAO TREE. 
 
 thought it would make a good gad. So he stopped his horse, and cut 
 
 off the entire stock, and used it to enliven the movements of his nag. 
 
 The old tree is a hub where several roads concentrate. One 
 
 comes in from the northwest, from New Paltz, Plattekill, Modena, and 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 51 
 
 Fostertown, bordered all the way by fine farms, mainly growing 
 fruit. Another goes northward through Middlehope, past Cedar 
 Hill Cemetery, and through the thriving villages of Marlborough and 
 Milton, This is the principal highway through one of the best fruit 
 districts in the laud. It is a prosperous section where many varie- 
 ties of fruit originated with men foremost in pomology. It is 
 remarkable to see the long trains of wagons laden with fruit going 
 down to the wharves to meet the evening boats, just as in other sec- 
 tions hunch-eds of loads of milk go down to the railroad stations and 
 wharves. 
 
 Another road from the Balmville hub runs over the hill past the 
 Convent of the Sacred Heart, situated on a commanding eminence. 
 Our drive goes along the river-shore on the edge of the Terrace, be- 
 tween rows of green hedges and pretty country places. After a long 
 but gradual descent to the margin of the river, we come to Roseton, 
 where several large brickyards have almost destroyed the natural at- 
 tractions of a once pretty cove. That green point a bit beyond, jut- 
 ting into the river like a shapely index finger, is the Danskammer, 
 which marks the northern extent of Newburgh Bay. Its wild 
 attractiveness is somewhat marred by the railroads, but otherwise it 
 is as Nature made it. Here the native Indians for many generations 
 before the white man came met together to supplicate the Great 
 Spirit. Its name si.gnifies the devil's dance chamber. Before start- 
 ing on expeditions the painted savages met here, built a 
 fire, and danced about, shouting and making strange con- 
 tortions. To the early settlers they seemed like hideous 
 devils. They worshipped here in this rude way for near- 
 ly a hundred }-ears after the discovery of the Hudson. 
 
 Not far away in a field on the hill, years ago, a farmer 
 came to sow, and found a female form beautiful in death; 
 her silken hair damp with the dew of the Jlay morning, 
 her white hands clasped over her brow, her pretty neck 
 marked with the prints of ruthless fingers. In the plowed 
 ground were the marks of footsteps, and by the fence the 
 track of a wagon's turning. Among all the country folks 
 none had seen that face before, nor could they find a trace 
 of him who left in their peaceful community the speech- 
 less evidence of a crime. 
 
 Southward from Newburgh extend several other broad 
 highways which spht into feeders every few miles. One 
 of these, after passing through a manufacturing district, 
 crosses Ouassaick Creek at its mouth. This creek is the 
 southern boundary of the city, and has a dozen mills and 
 factories on its banks from Orange Lake to the river. 
 Near its mouth it flows through a deep valley called the 
 Vale of Avoca. From a small glen a mile west of the 
 nver the chasm widens and deepens as you follow the 
 course of the stream. The south bank sweeps off into a 
 semi-circle, but again crowds against the creek just before 
 its union with the Hudson. The banks on either side are 
 over a hundred feet high and precipitous. To one passing 
 the mouth of the stream in a boat the sides of the chasm 
 once presented a gloomy pass, just wide enough for the water. Now 
 railroad tracks run along its sides and cross the creek; but even these 
 changes cannot wholly deface its olden charms. 
 
 It was here an attempt was made to capture Washington whde he 
 had his headquarters at New Windsor village. In this vale lived a 
 man named Ettrick. The tide set up close to his dwelling m those 
 days, and a boat could be launched and reach the Hudson in five 
 minutes This Ettrick professed to be a warm patriot, but those who 
 knew him best looked on him with suspicion. This man and this 
 spot were selected to effect Washington's capture. The plan pro- 
 posed was to have a boat ready, and a party of Tories secreted m the 
 wood near by when Washington should be invited to dinner. His 
 daughter overheard a conversation that exposed this plot, and in- 
 formed Washingtrjn of her suspicions, and begged him not to accept 
 the invitation of her father to dinner. The dinner hour was to be 
 late, so that it would be dark before the meal was over. Then the 
 seizure was to be effected, and the captive borne off to the bosom 
 
 of the Hudson. The boat, manned by strong rowers, would easily 
 have reached the English vessels below West Point before Washing- 
 ton would be missed. Instead of declining the invitation, he accepted 
 it, but in the mean time ordered a detachment of his life guard to 
 march to the place just at evening, and present themselves at the 
 door. While Ettrick was engaged in conversation with his distin- 
 guished guest, he heard their footsteps and the low command of 
 their leader, and supposing them to be the detachment of Tories, he 
 rose and laying his hand on Washington's shoulder, said: 
 
 " I believe. General, you are my prisoner." 
 
 " I believe not, sir, but you are mine," was the reply, as the life 
 guard closed around him. 
 
 He was immediately marched off and locked up. 
 
 A mile below the vale we pass through the ancient village of New 
 Windsor, a little collection of houses on the river-shore. The place 
 is now given over to brick-making, but before and during the Revo- 
 lution it was an important trading village. Its importance then 
 exceeded Newburgh's, and it was predicted it would become the chief 
 city of the central-Hudson valley. A large town was mapped out, 
 and the work of the projectors may be traced in the few remain- 
 ing streets, but it has its principal existence in old maps of record. In 
 this little hamlet General James Clinton lived after his marriage, and 
 here his son DeWitt was cradled. Subsequently James moved to his 
 
 VALE OF AVOCA. 
 
 father's homestead in Little Britain. On the brow of the hill, on the 
 east side of the road, stood the old Ellison house, celebrated as 
 Washington's Headquarters at New Windsor. Washington came to 
 this place in 1779, and again in 1780, remaining till the Summer of 
 1781. When the British expedition passed up the river in 1777 
 treasure was buried in the soil. On November 12, 1S69, Silas Corwin, 
 while digging in his brick-yard, near the site of the headquarters, 
 unearthed a Jlexican water-jug, which was placed with the mouth 
 downward resting on a flat stone. It contained 650 Spanish and 
 Mexican silver dollars, which were bright and clean. The treasure 
 was probably Ijuried by someone who died without revealing his 
 secret. 
 
 A mile below New Windsor village is Plum Point, a wooded 
 promontory at the mouth of the Moodna approached over a natural 
 causeway. On Plum Point in the early part of the war for independ- 
 ence was erected a battery of fcjurteen guns, designed to assist in 
 maintaining obstructions to the navigation of the river which, at this 
 
52 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 point, consisted of a rlicvaiix-de-frise stretching across to Pollopel's 
 Island. It was known in official orders as Captain Machin's battery. 
 Outlines of its embrasures are still visible. In the vicinity of the 
 battery are the remains of the cellar of the lirst dwelling-house in 
 this county. Its owner was Colonel Patrick MacCregorie, a Scotch 
 gentleman of fortune, who was chosen leader of a company of perse- 
 cuted Presbyterians, who emigrated from Scotland and settled on 
 this beautiful spot. MacGregorie's brother-in-law, David Toshaek, 
 who claimed the title of " Laird of Minivard," opened a store on the 
 south side of the creek and traded with the Indians. MacGregorie 
 was appointed muster-general of the mihtia, and held other official 
 trusts under the government. He was killed in the Leisler revolution 
 in New York in i6gi. Tcjshack was buried here, as were other 
 members of the original company, and ultimately the little settlement 
 was lost in the shadows of history. All that remains to mark it is 
 this old excavation. 
 
 The northern side of Plum Point is washed by the Moodna (or 
 Murderer's Creek), a fine clear stream that comes down from the hill 
 country of Orange County The glen where we cross it is one of 
 the most picturesque 
 places Hereabouts. 
 It, too, has its le- 
 gends, but space for- 
 bids us telling the 
 story of the sacrifice 
 of the noble Indian 
 Naoman and the 
 massacre of the 
 Stacey family. One 
 of the tributaries of 
 the Moodna is a 
 brook that rushes 
 from the glen at 
 Idlewild, once the 
 home of Xathaniel 
 Parker Willis. In 
 full view on the brow 
 of the glen , two 
 hundred feet above 
 us, is his cottage. 
 The whole acclivity 
 is covered with the 
 primeval wood. In 
 this deep glen the 
 
 brook flows in pic- THE MOODNA, 
 
 turesque rapids and 
 
 cascades over and among rugged rocks and overhanging trees 
 and shrubbery, with a rustic footbridge, the solitary testimony that 
 man has ever penetrated this wild retreat. 
 
 We are now on the skirts of Cornwall, where painters come for 
 landscapes, professional men for exercise and inspiriting intercourse 
 with nature, and youth for schooling amid pure and ennobling scenery. 
 There are many summer hotels and boarding houses and fine man- 
 sions. Our road would take us up the side of Storm King if we 
 would go and view the whole of Highland Terrace at our feet. Its 
 summit affords a view of a landscape at once one of the grandest 
 and most beautiful that can be found in the Union. Rising as it does 
 abruptly from the plain, the spectator gazing from this height is 
 placed as it were upon a boundary, a frame of mtjuntains extending 
 quite round the picture. In this hes the Hudson, swollen into a 
 lovely expanse of bay, and on either side the fine, cultivated lands of 
 the rich old river counties — the clustered villages, the neat farm- 
 houses and the elegant villas gleaming through the foliage that sur- 
 round them. The soft green of the meadows, the golden hue of tlie 
 grain fields, and the darker tints of the forests, the sparkling lustre 
 of the river and the two small lakes west of Newburgh, which shine 
 like sheets of silver — all these form a picture such as we may suppose 
 greeted the eyes of Moses when he looked down upon the promised 
 land. The valley is also interesting to those who are fond of studying 
 the wonderful revolutions that have taken place on the face of our 
 
 continent, as being the supposed bed of a lake, the southern bound- 
 ary of which was the Highlands, through which the mass of waters, 
 having burst, found their way to the ocean, leaving the bed of the 
 lake dry and forming the present channel of the river. Besides the 
 proofs which the man of science finds in the formation of this valley 
 —the various deposits, the erratic, rounded boulders scattered over 
 the plain like huge marbles cast in sport from a giant hand— the ter- 
 races of the river banks— the chain of mountains bearing witness to 
 a sudden convulsion— all serve to convince you that you are looking 
 upon a dry bed of a lake of noble dimensions. 
 
 Our road would also take us over Crow Nest's weird mountain, 
 through a labyrinth of knolls, past small mountain farms inlanded 
 among irreclaimable rocks, among them some contrived by hermits 
 for inextricable privacy. A scion of a proud family after leaving col- 
 lege expended a small competency In a farm on the ridge. After 
 building his cottage he sought out a beautiful and poor girl, wholly 
 uneducated, married her, and commenced cultivating a virgin mind 
 and a virgin farm, both with success. His wife grew a lady of un- 
 common dignity and intelligence, and while they passed their even- 
 ings with books, 
 their farm and dairy 
 were models by day- 
 light. Here you pass 
 through the fairy 
 scenes of the Culprit 
 Fay's romance of 
 love and its trials, 
 and coming out on a 
 high promontory, 
 the Hudson, long 
 hidden, bursts into 
 view again; and 
 West Point nestles 
 at your feet, framed 
 in the grandest 
 witcheries of nature 
 unrestrained. 
 
 Let us go back 
 to the Moodna, 
 where — 
 
 " The name of La 
 Fayette has lent 
 A fame to yon- 
 der valley." 
 
 A little way up 
 stands the building 
 known as his headquarters. After its occupation by La Faj-ette it 
 suffered very little change for years, the old stairways and 
 quaintly-carved mantels being retained. Now tenantless, it is 
 falling into ruins. The vault m the cellar, wherein it is said 
 the money obtained under "the Dutch loan" was deposited, 
 is still in good condition. The valley in which it is situated has an Ar- 
 cadian quiet and a rare picturesqueness from the ancient pines. It 
 has a history, too, from other causes than its association with the 
 name of La Fa)-ette. Just beyond the headquarters, at the foot of 
 Forge Hill, Deacon Brewster, a Puritan, had a forge, with four fires 
 and an anchory. The ore used was from the Forest of Dean mines. 
 Here the chain which Peter Townsend forged at the Sterling Iron 
 \\'orks was partly put together. Grass-grown mounds cover the 
 ruins of the old works. 
 
 Leaving the valley of the Moodna, wc ascend Forge Hill to the 
 tablelands of New Wmdsor, and on the old Continental road come 
 to a picturesque old stone and frame house known as the headquar- 
 ters of Generals Knox and Gates. The frame portion was erected 
 by Colonel Thomas Ellison, in 1734, for his son John. The stone 
 portion was built in 1754, William Bull being the builder. Generals 
 Knox and Greene and Colonels Biddle and Wadsworth occupied 
 three rooms in this house during five weeks in June and July, 1779; 
 General Knox occupied three rooms as military quarters ten weeks in 
 the fall of the same year; also, from the 20th of November, 17801 to 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 53 
 
 the 4th of July, 1781, two rooms as miUtary quarters ; and from May, 
 1782, to September, one room, making fourteen weeks. General 
 Knox was Washington's chief of artillery. Altogether his residence 
 here covered a period of over one year. The building was subse- 
 quently occupied by General Gates— December, 1782, to April, 1783. 
 
 RESIDENCE AND BARNS OF FRANCIS LYNCH — New Windsor. 
 
 Two wide halls extend through the house, one in the main or stone 
 portion, and one in the frame part, or wing. In the latter the ceilings 
 are only seven feet high, and show the heavy oaken beams. In the 
 dining-room, which is in the main part of the house, the walls are 
 panelled in oak, the handiwork of William Bull. In the halls and in 
 all the rooms are open fire-places, whose woodwork reaches to the 
 ceiling. In the old days some of the fire-places could accommodate 
 logs six feet in length. Up stairs are numerous storerooms and 
 chambers, and the quaintest of all quaint stairways to the attic— a 
 mere square "wellhole," with angular steps on two corners. The 
 rooms all through the house are fitted with deep, roomy closets and 
 wide window seats. The windows have little panes of glass, most 
 of which have remained unbroken since they were put in. Tradition 
 affirms that on one occasion the brilliant Mrs. Knox gave an enter- 
 tainment here at which Washington was present, and opened the 
 dance with Maria Golden, who is said to have been the daughter of 
 Cadwallader Golden, jr., of Coldenham ; that among the guests were 
 Gitty Wynkoop and .Sally Jansen, of Kingston, who were great belles 
 in their day, and that a French officer who was present gallantly in- 
 scribed with his diamond ring the names of the trio on one of the 
 small window panes in the sash of the principal room. The glass 
 with the graven names remained in the sash to attest the truth of 
 the story for over one hundred years, and until recently removed to 
 insure its continued preservation during a period when the house was 
 not occupied. The mansion stands a short distance south of the 
 
 New Windsor cantonment, on the Silver Stream that rises in the hills 
 beyond Little Britain Square, and flows through the encampment 
 ground into the Moodna. Here at the mansion it forms a lake, 
 through which the highway crosses. From the lake the water was 
 conducted to the wheel of one of the oldest flouring mills in the 
 country, nestling under the trees on the 
 edge of a deep ravine. 
 
 Three hundred feet west of the house 
 stands the first Methodist church m Orange 
 County, erected by John Ellison in 1791. 
 He occupied the first floor as a store, and 
 the second floor was used for the religious 
 services of the class he had started some 
 years before. It was occupied by the 
 pioneers of Methodism till 1807, when the 
 edifice on the hill was erected. 
 
 Along the old grass-grown Continental 
 road is the route to the last cantonment of 
 the main army of the Revolution. It is the 
 way along which came the recruits and 
 supplies from New England to the army 
 when in the Jerseys, and even when it was 
 far down in Virginia with Cornwallis in its 
 clutch. Washington and Knox and Gates 
 and those other Generals have traversed it 
 many times. As we drive along, the road 
 begins to ascend a hill, a wide valley spreads 
 out before us, and Snake Hill looms up 
 ahead. We are upon the campground. 
 The Silver Stream ripples along on our left; 
 the eminence on which the Temple stood is 
 on the right. 
 
 " The eye of fancy backward looks 
 Across a hundred years. 
 And lo, on Snake Hill's southern slope 
 The Temple reappears." 
 
 Leaving the campground we pass a stone house that has on its 
 northern gable the date of its erection — 1763. It was the house of 
 iJeacon Samuel Brewster, who had the forge and anchorage on the 
 Jloodna. Soon our road intersects the turnpike leading to AVashing- 
 tun Square, in the district known as Little Britain. This was once a 
 district of such comparative importance that almost every place out- 
 side of Newburgh was said to be in Little Britain. It was the home 
 of the Clinton family — Charles, James, George and DeWitt — who 
 had a controlling influence in the aiJairs of the State and nation, and 
 whose statesmanship, bravery and patriotism are recorded in the his- 
 tories and encyclopEedias of the country. When Forts Montgomer)^ 
 and Clinton were earned by assault by the British, the American 
 garrison, under Governor George Clinton, were dispersed through 
 the mountains, and at length encamped at Washington Square, Gov- 
 ernor Clinton having his headquarters at the Falls house. At noon 
 some soldiers brought to headquarters a man they had captured. 
 The story is that the stranger asked to whose command the soldiers 
 belonged, and they replied, "General Clinton's." As that was also 
 the name of the British commander, the spy, for such he was, asked 
 to be taken before him, expecting perhaps to be taken before Sir 
 Henry Clinton. They took him to Mrs. Falls's house, where, instead 
 of Sir Henry Clinton, he found Governor George Clinton. Immedi- 
 ately the prisoner was observed to put something into his mouth and 
 swallow it. Dr. Moses Higby, who lived two miles east, was hastily 
 summoned, and gave an emetic that brought forth a silver bicllet. 
 "Out of his own mouth" the sp)', Daniel Taylor, was convicted. 
 Inside the hollow sphere was found a message from Sir Henry Clin- 
 ton to General Burgoyne, at Saratoga, telling him of the fall of 
 Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and that there was nothing between 
 them but Gates. This was the message for which Burgoyne long 
 waited. Hurrying on the march to the defence of Kingston, Clinton 
 took the spy along, and hung him at Hurley, almost in sight of the 
 burning town of Kingston. 
 
54 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 Turning toward Newburgh again, we pass otliL-r liislonu Uiml- 
 marks, among them tin- home of 1 ir. Higby, whose name will Ik- ever 
 associated with the story of the Silver liiillel; and the residence of 
 
 "ALDENDELL' -THE RESIDENCE OF JAMES M. WENTZ-Grand A«en 
 
 Robert Boyd, the Revolutionary gun-maker, whose factory stood 
 on Ouassaick Creek. 
 
 Quassaick Avenue is another pretty drive. -Starting from the great 
 stone bridge over the Quassaick, it is one of the most fashionable 
 residence suburbs — level, smooth and shaded. We 
 pass handsome gateways, showing the way by 
 winding roads to aristocratic residences partly 
 hidden by stately trees, and see evidences of the 
 highest art in landscajje gardening. The avenue 
 leads straight to Woodlawn Cemetery, two miles 
 down, a pretty place, where some of the Clintons 
 are buried, and where roads branch off right and 
 left, the main highway continuing on through the 
 townships of Cornwall and Blooming Grove, pass- 
 mg through the pretty villages of Vails Gate, 
 Salisbury Jlills and Washingtonville. Branches of 
 the Erie Railroad also run in this direction, con- 
 necting Newburgh with the main line, both at 
 Greycourt and near Turners. Along these roads 
 are, besides some of the villages we have already 
 named, ilountainville, Central Valley, Highland 
 Mills and Craigville, all of which contribute to 
 Newburgh's commerce. 
 
 Westward and northwestward extend other 
 highways that in the olden days freighted the 
 commerce of a large section of country to the 
 Hudson River at Newburgh. The Newburgh and 
 Cochecton Turnpike, built at the beginning of the 
 century extends from the Hudson to the Delaware 
 through many villages. Along it are many his- 
 toric places, notably Coldenham, the home of the 
 Golden family, and Montgomery village. The 
 South Plank Road runs westerly to Orange Lake, 
 Walden, Pine Bush and to EUenville on the Dela- 
 ware & Hudson Canal. Orange Lake is a beautiful sheet of water 
 covering 400 acres. It is fed by internal springs and small streams, 
 
 and its outlet is Ouassaick Creek. There is excellent fishing in its 
 
 waters and shooting on its shores. There is a trotting track here, 
 
 and Summer boarding houses. The Orange Lake Club, of Newburgh , 
 
 have a clubhouse, where they have sports both 
 
 summer and winter. 
 
 The historical fact connected with the lake is, 
 that shortly after the war there was a coinage mill 
 or mint here, built on the outlet. It was erected by 
 Captain Maehin, first for a grist mill. In 1787 he 
 formed a partnership with several New York men 
 for the purpose of coining money, and the firm 
 was afterward incorporated with a similar com- 
 pany chartered by the State of Vermont. Copper 
 was coined into money, Vermont money solely. 
 The building was of wood 30x40 feet and two 
 stories high. The copper was obtained by melting 
 cannon, leaving the zme in the alloy. A little 
 silver was coined also. The workmen sometimes 
 wore masks to create a terror in the neighbor- 
 hood. It is said that the first coin bearing the 
 motto " E Pluribus Unum " was made at this mill. 
 The enterprise was abandoned in 1790 on the 
 adoption of the Constitution. During the war 
 Captain Maehin superintended the placing of ob- 
 structions in the Hudson. He settled in Newburgh 
 at the close of the war, but subsequently removed 
 to Schoharie County, where he died in 1S16. 
 
 Walden is a busy village on the Wallkill in the 
 midst of a dairying country. A fall of forty feet in 
 the river affords water power. The little town lies 
 embosomed in evergreens on both sides of the 
 river. The New York and the Walden Knife 
 Companies' works are here, as well as engine 
 works and other helpful industries. 
 
 The North Plank Road is the route to the northwest, 
 through various villages and districts. There are manj' other 
 roads that might be named to show the facilities for reach- 
 
 RESIDENCE OF MUNSON G. MUIR- Balmville, 
 
 ing Xcwl)urgh by wagon, and the wide extent of the contributing 
 district. 
 
A VISIT FROM LA FAYETTE. 
 
 UESDAY evening, September 13, 1S24, the beacon fires 
 were blazing on the mountain tops, proclaiming that 
 the JIarquis de La Fayette would arrive in the village 
 on the morrow. The Vesuvian appearance of these 
 fires, reflected from shore to shore in the still waters 
 of the Hudson in two long, trembling columns, was 
 both grand and beautiful in the extreme, says a news- 
 paper of the period. The Marquis had received a brilliant reception 
 in New York, and came up the river on the chartered steamboat 
 James Kent. In Xewburgh elaborate preparation had been made. 
 Two lofty arches, gaily decorated with green branches and flow- 
 ers, spanned AVater Street. The one near the store of Messrs. 
 Reeve & Falls bore these inscriptions on opposite sides: 
 
 Hail! La Fayette, Son of Liberty, Hail! 
 
 Welcome once more to the land of the free. 
 Where remembrance of thee and thy deeds will prevail, 
 
 And thy name with Washington's hallowed be. 
 
 Hail to the Nation's Guest! 
 
 The veteran hero 's welcome here. 
 Where Washington dismissed 
 
 His soldiers from their bright career. 
 
 On the other arch was this greeting; " La Fayette and Liberty! 
 Welcome, Illustrious Chief! " 
 
 In Golden Street an arch displayed this sentiment, an utterance 
 of La Faj-ette shortly after the close of the Revolution; " May this 
 great monument raised 
 to Liberty be an encour- 
 agement to the oppress- 
 ed and a warning to the 
 oppressor." 
 
 In Smith Street an 
 arch, equal in tasteful 
 construction to any of the 
 others, bore beneath a 
 banner the words; " Our 
 Friend and Hero, La 
 Fayette." There were 
 other arches and profuse 
 decorations. 
 
 The Long Room in the 
 Orange Hotel had been 
 beautifully o r n a mented 
 for the occupation of the 
 General, and he was 
 pleased to remark that its 
 appearance exceeded in 
 elegance any other that 
 he had entered in Amer- 
 ica. At an early hour on 
 Wednesday morning 
 thousands of people were 
 hastening to the village 
 from the adjacent towns, 
 and at three o'clock in the 
 afternoon they were surg- 
 ing through the streets and congregating on the wharves. Four 
 companies of cavalry under the command of Colonel Charles C. 
 Brodhead were conspicuous; and besides the three infantry C(jm- 
 panies of the village, led by Captain Myer and Lieutenants 
 
 RESIDENCE OF J ABNER HARPER-New Windsor, 
 
 Smith and Carpenter, there was one from Fishkill Landing under 
 Captain Stevens, and ancjthcr from Washingtonville commanded 
 by Captain Wyatt. It was a great disappointment that the late 
 hour of the Genaral's arrival prevented the military display with 
 which as a soldier, he would have been gratified. But the steam- 
 boat which conveyed him from Kew York ran aground, and her 
 progress was prevented for three hours, so that it was near seven in 
 the evening when she arrived at Reeve & Falls's dock. 
 
 The troops were drawn up ready to receive him, and his landing 
 was announced by a national salute from a pair of six-pounders. 
 He was welcomed by the committee of arrangements, and presented 
 to Major-General Smith and suit and to Colonel J. W. Brown and the 
 officers in command of the cavalry and infantry. La Fayette being 
 seated in a carriage, the procession moved through Golden, First and 
 Smith Streets to the Orange Hotel, the houses being illuminated and 
 all the bells ringing merrily. At the door he was received by the 
 chairman of the committee and escorted to the Long Room, where 
 he was presented to the Corporation of the village and addressed by 
 President Francis Crawford, who said in part; 
 
 "Although, Sir, at this place you will not find Washington and 
 your former companions in arms, you will meet an ardent people who 
 love you. Although you will not find (in our vicinity), those soldiers 
 whose enthusiastic love of Liberty led them to encounter every 
 danger without the hope of reward, you will meet a small remnant 
 of that arm\-, who, forgetting their age and wounds, have traveled to 
 a distance from their homes "to welcome the arrival of their old com- 
 mander. And you ^vill meet the children of those who boasted when 
 
 living that they had 
 fought by your side in 
 Carolina, at Brandywine, 
 at Yorktown, and were 
 fed and clothed at your 
 expense when languish- 
 ing with disease or sink- 
 ing under the severity of 
 a rigorous climate." 
 
 To which La Fayette 
 replied in substance that 
 he returned to the corpo- 
 ration and the inhabitants 
 of the Village of New- 
 burgh his sincere thanks 
 for the kind reception he 
 met with from them, and 
 for the remembrance of 
 his former services; that 
 he regretted extremely 
 that he could not have 
 arrived at an earlier hour; 
 that it would have given 
 him the greatest pleastire 
 to have visited the house 
 so long tenanted by the 
 great Washington, and 
 the ground where the 
 American army had en- 
 camped; that he felt the 
 greatest satisfaction at 
 the growth of our village 
 and the increase of its population, and the prosperity and happi- 
 ness of our country in general. 
 
 General La Fayette was then introduced to a great nimiber of ladies 
 and gentlemen in attendance, and as soon as an opportunity off^ered 
 
 [55] 
 
56 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Johannes Miller, Esq.. president of the Agrieultural Society of the 
 County of Orange, presented him a diploma of that S(jciety, with an 
 address, to which the General made a short reply. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF A. H, HAVEMEYER— New Windsor. 
 
 the ladies and affectionately took the hands of all. On his re- 
 turning he expressed to one of the committee his great happi- 
 ness in this short visit, and that there were "many beautiful 
 ladies in Newljurgh." After 12 o'clock he 
 sat down to supper with about one hun- 
 dred gentlemen, and as he was about to 
 arise, Mr. Munn, one of the gentlemen of 
 the reception committee, addressed him in 
 Ijchalf of the Revolutionary inhabitants of 
 this vicinity. He said in part: 
 
 "You have now around you many 
 revolutionary characters (amongst whom I 
 glory in being numbered), who, like you, 
 heard the clang of battle and saw the blood 
 of war, and whose tottering limbs and 
 hoary locks do not prevent them from ex- 
 ulting in the reflection that they fought and 
 bled with Washington and La Fayette. * * 
 * If your time had permitted, it was our 
 intention to invite you to view the classic 
 ground where the American Army rested 
 upon their arms, after achieving the glorious 
 object for which they were called together, 
 where the immortal Washington, surround- 
 ed by his brave and experienced generals, 
 offered up to the omnipotent God of battles 
 his thanksgiving and praise for favoring 
 his arm to emancipate from the oppression 
 fif a foreign potentate three millions of his 
 fellow beings and establish them a free, 
 happy nation; and where he disbanded an 
 army whose hearts he possessed, and like 
 another Cincinnatus retired from the field 
 of victory to the plough and the arms of 
 domestic peace." 
 
 The Jfarquis was then conducted by the 
 committee tfi the steamboat, which left the 
 dock about 2 o'clock, a. m., for Poughkeep- 
 sie. A deputation from Xewburgh accom- 
 panied him to Poughkeepsie. 
 
 He then appeared on a balcony on the front of 
 the Orange Hotel, under a large arch, and re- 
 ceived the cheers and congratulations of the im- 
 mense crowd which filled the street. 
 
 About 9 o'clock a deputation from Hiram Lodge, 
 F. & A. M., invited and accompanied the General, his 
 son and M. Levasseur to the lodge room in the hotel 
 building, where he was received with Masonic honors, 
 and the Rev. Dr. John Brown delivered to him an 
 address, to which La Fayette made an eloquent and 
 appropriate answer. After an introduction to his 
 Masonic brethren, he retired to the rooms provided 
 for him and partook of refreshments. He appeared 
 to be much fatigued, and on being introduced to 
 Colonel Brodhead he requested him to tender his 
 thanks to the cavalry under his command for their 
 attention. 
 
 The clamor of thousands of people in the streets 
 to see him induced him to show himself again on the 
 balcony, and he expressed to them his regret that 
 unforeseen events had prevented him from arriving 
 by daylight in the village where he was experiencing 
 such a kind and marked attention . 
 
 While the supper was preparing he, with some 
 gentlemen of the Cincinnati Society and the Corpora- 
 tion of New York, visited the ladies in the ball room 
 at Crawford's Hotel, with the decorations of which 
 he appeared much pleased. Declining a superb .seat 
 prepared for him he walked through the room among 
 
 RESIDENCE OF MRS, E, R, JOHNES— Balmvills, 
 
A REMINISCENCE OF VILLAGE DAYS. 
 
 By N. P. Willis, 
 
 Out-Doors at Idleivild,^' 1855. 
 
 UT the most interesting shop in Newburgh would never 
 be found out by the stranger. It is indeed, curiously 
 contradictory in its looks and run of custom. You 
 would go in and out of it and describe it as a cheap 
 bakery, one of those old-fashioned, dingy half-shops, 
 with a long, single counter, on the street end of which 
 is a glass case for tarts and cakes, while the remaining 
 extension is covered with fresh loaves, scales and weights, brown 
 paper and ginger-bread. It is partly a grocery, too ; and behind you 
 against the wall, as you stand at the counter, are boxes of herrings, 
 drums of figs, coffee-bags, peanuts, starch, soap, lemons, candles, and 
 brooms. At the far end where the bags and barrels are set back to 
 give a foot or t^vo of space, there stands a cheap old stove, with a 
 rusty funnel running up to the ceiling, and one or two old wooden 
 chairs around it. In all Newburgh there is scarce so shabby a shop. 
 Yet, in all Orange County there is not an apartment which receives 
 such an amount of aristocratic society. With the first settlement of 
 the to\\Ti Chapman's bakery was the stopping place of the vehicles 
 of the wealthy families of the country round about ; and in spite of 
 a modem and spacious confectioner's shop a little further on, and 
 larger and more comfortable " stores " of every kind, near by, the 
 descendants of the old family aristocracy have continued to make the 
 narrow baker's shop their place of gossip and gathering. Towards 
 noon of everv' pleasant daj-. Winter and Summer, the handsomest 
 equipages in the neighborhood begin to assemble along that part of 
 the sidewalk at Newburgh. The gentlemen hand the ladies into 
 the shop, and there, for two or three hours, is the place for rendez- 
 vous, after the different errands of each, the place to be found by 
 their friends at a distance, and the place to exchange news, and gos- 
 
 ■ IDLEWILD"— THE HOME OF WILLIS.-Cornwall. 
 
 sip away the morning. There are no better horses, more well- 
 appointed turnouts, or neater coachmen, on any pubhc promenade in 
 in the country than are daily to be seen here. The gentlemen who 
 group about the flagstone step, or inside the httle glass door, are of 
 high consideration in the 
 city, for their fortunes and 
 family names. The ladies 
 who lay their costly hand- 
 kerchiefs down upon the 
 flour-barrels and sit around 
 the stove in the old whittled 
 chairs, and eat ginger-nuts 
 at the counter, are very fash- 
 ionable persons in full prom- 
 enade toilette. And so crowd- 
 ed is the long shop, between 
 eleven and two, that the boy 
 who has looked in at the 
 bow-window, and come in 
 for his cent's worth of gin- 
 ger-bread, fairly elbows his 
 way into the " best society" 
 to get at it. 
 
 But the curious part of 
 Chapman's bakery is, that it 
 suffices for the social want "". P. WILLIS, 
 
 of a large and wealthy neighborhood. There is no other so- 
 ciety. Nothing like a "party" is ever given by the rich fre- 
 quenters of the bakery. Dinner parties (in the common acceptation 
 of the word among the people of the same 
 fortunes) are unknown. Even calls on each 
 ;!.,_..- ~'' ... . other at their houses are rare. And this is 
 - - -- - ^ ■■ ■- from no intended economy of time and money. 
 
 They lead lives of ample leisure, and are as 
 liberal and cordial-hearted a set of people 
 as any in the world. But the restless liquid, 
 society, has been permitted to stand still, and 
 this (the social chemist will be interested to 
 know) is the natural precipitate. The Ducal 
 Cascine at Florence — that centre of the public 
 drive, where all the equipages of the fash- 
 ionable meet and stand still at a certain 
 hour, is the Chapman's bakery of the Tuscan 
 Court and nobility, only that they differ 
 from the Newburgh aristocracy in wanting 
 balls and suppers besides. The English ex- 
 clusives need a Hyde Park for a comparison 
 of equipages, matinees for a comparison of 
 out-door toilettes, and routs for the exchange 
 of ideas and the bettering of acquaintances, 
 but all these "first principles" are met and 
 their wants supplied by Chapman's bakery, at 
 Newbvirgh. Whether the bubbling cham- 
 pagne of fashionable life all over the world 
 would, if left long enough to itself, settle 
 down intfi the same small modicum of full- 
 ness of the social .glass, is — open to dis- 
 cussion. [57] 
 
5$ 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 WATER STREET— LOOKING NORTH FROM "THE SQUARE.' 
 
 BROADWAY.^ LOOKING EAST FROM DUBOIS STREET, 
 
STEPPING-STONES IN A CITY'S GROWTH, 
 
 Newburgh's Proojress in Ten Years. 
 
 :HE City of Newburgh was incorporated April 22, 1S65, 
 and the first ]\Iayor, Aldermen and other city officers 
 were elected in the Spring of 1S66. The incorporation 
 was one of the encouraging results of a period of com- 
 parative great prosperity and growth. The village had 
 always made substantial progress, though during a 
 certain period the growth was slow, owing to the de- 
 pressing effects resultmg from the change in the mode of inland trans- 
 portation from stages to railroad trains, and from the exclusion of the 
 village for a time from railroad communication. 
 
 Without the financial ability to so control the enterprise of other 
 communities as to render the modern avenues of communication which 
 they have constructed tributary to the interests of Newburgh, the 
 capitahsts and business men of the place made a bold struggle for 
 years against 
 the combina- 
 tions that 
 threatened its 
 overthrow. At 
 each successive 
 stage of the 
 changes grow- 
 ing out of the 
 general devel- 
 opment of the 
 country success- 
 ive generations 
 have met the re- 
 quirements that 
 have been laid 
 upon them. The 
 labor, the liber- 
 ality and the 
 capital which 
 were necessary 
 in 1801 to carry 
 the Cochecton 
 turnpike to com- 
 pletion were, 
 considering the 
 comparative 
 value of capital 
 and labor, equal 
 to that involved 
 
 in the construction of any railroad in the county. But it was not 
 the only undertaking of that character; its capital of $126,000 was 
 followed by a capital of 85,000 in the New Windsor turnpike, 
 S90000 in the Newburgh and Ulster turnpike, S35.000 in the 
 Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike, §14,000 in the Newburgh and 
 Plattekill turnpike, and S14.000 in the Snake Hill turnpike— making 
 a total of §284,000 expended for roads prior to 1820. This sum 
 was to some extent shared by residents along the lines of the roads, 
 but the greater part was drawn from Newburgh.* 
 
 LIBERTY STREET-LOOKING SOUTH FROM FARRINGTON STREET. 
 
 ' History of Orange County, i8; 
 
 In 1829 Newburgh undertook single-handed the construction of a 
 railroad from the Hudson to the Delaware River, with a view to reach 
 the coal beds of Pennsylvania; but the charter was permitted to be- 
 come void. When the construction of the New York and Erie was 
 commenced, an effort was made to connect the Hudson and Delaware 
 with the Erie, and thus give Newburgh the eastern terminus; but 
 through local jealousies and disagreements between the leading cap- 
 italists of Newburgh and of Goshen, in regard to the route which the 
 Erie should take, Newburgh lost the prize which her people hoped to 
 grasp. The road to the Delaware, however, was re-chartered and a 
 portion of the route was graded. 
 
 Under the financial revulsions of 1S37, work was svispended on both 
 roads, but on the Erie it was soon resumed, and the road was com- 
 pleted from Piermont to Goshen. At this time difficulties arose in the 
 
 prosecution of 
 the work on the 
 Erie, and fresh 
 efforts were 
 made to secure 
 to Newburgh 
 some of the ad- 
 vantages of its 
 construction. 
 This was ac- 
 complished b y 
 a n agreement 
 on the part of 
 the Erie Com- 
 pany — confirm- 
 ed bj- an act of 
 the Legislature 
 releasing the 
 company from 
 i t s liability t o 
 the State — to 
 construct a 
 branch road to 
 Newburgh. 
 
 Newburgh's 
 subscription to 
 the construction 
 of the Erie 
 Branch amount- 
 ed to one-third 
 of its cost, and an additional sum of $145,000 by loan or endorse- 
 ments. 
 
 The road was opened with appropriate ceremonies in January, 1S50, 
 and was the first of the many railroads which now " literally cover the 
 county with a network of iron rails." In the meantime the Hudson 
 River Railroad was building along the other side of the river. These 
 roads encouraged the establishment of manufactories, and by thickly 
 populating the surrounding country, served to build up a new country 
 trade. 
 
 The years 1851-3 were remarkably prosperous; many enterprises 
 were started, and among the more important were the Washington 
 
 [59] 
 
6o 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Iron Works, the Quassaick Bank, the Savings Bank, gas works and 
 the present water works system. The construction of two plank 
 roads, one to EUenville and the other to Shawangunk, \\as also un 
 dertaken, and both were completed, involving an expenditure ol' 
 about §150,000. 
 
 The population of the town and village increased from 0,001 in 
 1S45, to 15,196, in 1S60. In 1S62 the Warwick VaUey Railroad A\as 
 built from Greycourt to Warwick, and trains began running daily 
 between Newburgh and Warwick. Of the capital stock (§100,000) 
 Newburgh furnished §10,500. 
 
 During the war the total number of enlistments from Xewburgh 
 was 2,410, and the total amount of money raised (aside from general 
 
 and old ones extended, and the private building operations were 
 consifk'ral)]c. 
 
 In iSr,S-9 the Newliurgh and New ^'ork Railroad was built, being 
 completed in .September of the latter year. It connected with the 
 ICrie at Turners and made a sliorter route to New York than the old 
 branch, ;ind also brought Newburgh into easy communication with 
 another section of the county. About the same period Newburgh 
 capital contributed in a measure to the construction of the Dutchess 
 and Columbia Railroad, now known as the Newburgh, Dutchess and 
 Connecticut Railroad, and for a period a free ferry was maintained 
 lictween this city and Dutchess Junction, the terminus of the road on 
 the opposite side of the river. 
 
 SOUTH END WATER FRONT— BEFORE THE 
 
 taxes) was $367,644.94. But the sacrifices imposed on the town by 
 the war were not without their recompense. Great activity was 
 excited in channels which the war developed. The Washington Iron 
 Works, for example, had so increased its business that in 1865 its 
 works covered twenty acres, and its monthly pay roll was $60,000. 
 Other branches of business prospered likewise, and the prices of real 
 estate and the compensation of labor were greatly enhanced. At 
 the time of its incorporation the city had a population of 13,905, and 
 with the town added, 17,389. 
 
 The effect of the municipal reorganization was another impetus to 
 business. Many public improvements were made, the facilities for 
 public education wore greatly multiplied, new streets were opened 
 
 In the Winter of _ „ d the Newburgh and Wallkill Valley Rail- 
 road Company was organized, and in the May following the Legis- 
 lature made it lawful to borrow on the credit of the city §350,000 to 
 aid the construction of the road, and to issue the bond's of the city 
 therefor, on condition that the consent should be obtained in writing 
 of a majority of the taxpayers, who should own or represent more 
 than one-half (in value) of the real and personal property of the city. 
 The route selected was from a connection at Vails CJate with the 
 Newburgh Branch and the Newburgh and New York Railroad to 
 Waklen. But to that route a number of influential citizens objected, 
 and, furthermf>rc, the Newburgh and New York Railroad Company 
 having made no tangible agreement to second the enterprise, the 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 result was the failure to obtain the necessary consent to bond the city. 
 The Newburgh and Midland Railway Company was organized 
 shortly afterward, mainly by the opponents of the Vails Gate route. 
 George Clark was elected President; Odell S. Hathaway, Vice-Presi- 
 dent; Alfred Post, Treasurer; John Dales, Secretary; and the 
 Directors were, besides the above named, A. S. Cassedy, A. T. Rand, 
 Bradbury C. Bartlett, Seth M. Capron, David Moore, James W. 
 Taylor, Wm. R. Brown, W. J. Roe, jr., Lewis M. Smith and Wm. 
 O. Mailler. An effort was made to bond the city for $500,000, and, 
 what was presumed to be, the consent of taxpayers representing more 
 than one-half of the value of the taxable property was obtained. 
 The project was strongly opposed by the supporters of the ^'ails 
 
 the condition of the city in which they lived. The project of building 
 a road to the Wallkill valley has been agitated every few years since 
 then. 
 
 Newburgh experienced abotit the same effects from the reaction fol- 
 lowing "war times" and from the panic of 1873 as did other cities, 
 except that it continued to pr<jgress, and resumed its normal ac- 
 tivity at the first sign of the returning tide of prosperity. In 1875 the 
 value of the annual products of the city was estimated at $3,369,175, 
 of which the seven steam engine works produced nearly one-half. 
 
 The past decade has been the most prosperous in the history of 
 Newburgh. In 18S0 the growth became so rapid and substantial, so 
 tangible and definable, that it was popularly called in the language 
 
 WEST SHORE RAILROAD WAS BUILT. 
 
 Gate route, as the line selected was to exten !-om the west end of the 
 city to Walden, thence to Fair Oaks on the Midland Railroad. County 
 Judge Thomas George decided that the signatures to the petition did 
 not represent one-half of the value of the taxable property of the 
 city— $555,099 of the amount being held by executors, administrators, 
 etc. , whose right to represent the trusts in this matter was denied. 
 The General Term affirmed the decision. Justices Tappen and Gilbert 
 concurring and Justice Barnard dissenting. That ended the project. 
 These various enterprises, even though some of them failed, 
 owing to honest differences of opinions, proved the remarkable public 
 spirit, the energy and liberality of our citizens in those days. They 
 encouraged and contributed freely to all proper schemes to improve 
 
 of the day " a boom." It has continued ever .since, in apparently the 
 same degree. All branches of business have felt the impulse, and 
 under its enlivening effects the appearance of the city has been 
 transformed and its size greatly increased. The growth has been 
 so remarkable for an eastern town as to attract wide attention. The 
 population has increased about twenty-eight per cent, in the ten years, 
 and now (1S91) it is estimated at about 24,000, not counting the large 
 suburban population. Newburgh is a much larger and more import- 
 ant city than would appear from a consideration of the space and pop- 
 ulation enclosed within its corporate lines, and our people com- 
 monly estimate that it is the center of trade for a population of 65,000. 
 The number of our manufacturing industries has nearly doubled in 
 
>2 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 he past ten years, while in the value of their products they have in- 
 reased many fold. Large districts within the corporate limits hitherto 
 parsely or altogether unoccupied, have been compactly built up, and 
 loth private and public enterprise has been greatly stimulated. The 
 aerease promises to continue in as great ratio for years to come, 
 fhen Newbiu-gh's advantages as a manufacturing city shall become 
 aore fully appreciated. 
 
 One of the forces which imparted the impetus was the building of 
 everal new lines of railways to the city, opening up new sections and 
 ifi'ording competing routes to all parts of the country. Seeing that 
 very requisite — water and rail communication, cheap coal, cheap 
 reight rates, nearness to the gi'eat trade center of the nation, a large 
 lopulation, and every desirable municipal convenience — awaited their 
 land, it was a natural consequence that manufacturers should be at- 
 racted to the place, and that those already here should put forth 
 greater efforts. 
 
 A NEW ROUTE TO THE EAST. 
 
 Newburgh awoke Thui'sday morning, December 8, iS8i, to find 
 tself the western terminus of the New York and New England Rail- 
 oad, extending from the Hud.son to the Atlantic, through Danbury, 
 Vaterbury and Hartford to Springfield, Worcester, Norwich, Prov- 
 dence and Boston. 
 The first work for 
 his road on the east 
 ide of the river was 
 legun March 27, of 
 hat year. A large 
 ract of land was re- 
 laimed from the 
 iver, piers and ferry- 
 lips were built, 
 racks laid and sev- 
 ral depot buildings 
 reeted. On this 
 ide a ferry-slip 
 sfas built in the Erie 
 lailroad yard, and 
 ubsequently anoth- 
 r in theWest Shore 
 iailroad yard. The 
 irst regular passen- 
 ;er train arrived at 
 ■"ishkill from the 
 last in the morning 
 'f December 8, and 
 lassengers crossed 
 h e river on the 
 erry to Newburgh, 
 ,nd continued their 
 
 oumey westward. For a few weeks freight trains were ferried 
 cross the river by tugboats and scows, but on January G, 1882, the 
 irge transfer steamer William T. Hart arrived, and took her place on 
 he route, and has ever since been engaged in transporting trains be- 
 ween the Erie and West Shore, on the west side of the river, and the 
 Tew York and New England, the New York Central, and the New- 
 urgh, Dutchess and Connecticut on the east side. It is the largest 
 ransfer steamer on the Atlantic coast, being nearly three hundred feet 
 1 length, eighty feet width of beam, and capable of carrying twenty- 
 sven cars in one load. It has two decks, and two engines and two 
 oilers, working independently, and is steered by steam. As the 
 istanee is only about a mile between docks, and as the boat is kept 
 iinning day and night, some idea can be formed of the heavy traffic, 
 'assenger trains, as a rule, are not now transferred from shore to 
 hore, but for a considerable period express trains were run without 
 hange between Washington and Boston, via Newburgh. Hundreds 
 f freight cars are transferred daily, thus making a direct and cheap 
 3ute between the New England States and the West and Southwest, 
 'he coming of the new road caused important enlargements in the 
 
 LIBERTY STREET— LOOKING NORTH FROM FARRINGTON STREET 
 
 railroad facilities in Newburgh. The Erie laid another track to Vails 
 (late Junction, made an additional switchyard, and built a new round- 
 house at West Newburgh, and, in brief, practically doubled its 
 already large terminal facilities here. 
 
 BUILDING THE WEST SHORE. 
 
 In the meantime the New ^'ork, West Shore and Buffalo Railway 
 was building along the west shore of the Hudson and across the State, 
 parallel to the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. The 
 contractors for the work through this city were Ryan & McDonald 
 from First Street south, and Ward, Mackin & Co. from First Street 
 north. Operations were begun here :\Ionday, December 5, 1881, by 
 tearing away the rear of the buildings between Fourth and Fifth 
 Streets and Water and Front. On January g, following, the first 
 work was done at the South End. Entering the city at grade, the 
 road passes through a tunnel under the Erie tracks, thence gradually 
 ascending until it reaches an elevated structure, on which it runs 
 over numerous cross streets through the principal business section. 
 Like a scythe it cut a swath through solid blocks of buildings. The 
 rear ends of many were removed, and in numerous cases buildings 
 were entirely demolished. The appearance of the southeastern part 
 of the city especiall)' was greatly changed. Railway trains now run 
 
 over the old sites of 
 a number of manu- 
 facturing and other 
 important establish- 
 ments, which were 
 forced to put up new 
 buildings elsewhere. 
 Building operations 
 were thus greatly 
 stimulated; numer- 
 ous transfers of real 
 estate were made 
 daily, a Board of 
 Trade was organized 
 several new factories 
 were started, and 
 every branch of bus- 
 iness was enlivened. 
 In the spring of 1SS2 
 one of the public 
 journals estimated 
 that there were two 
 thousand more 
 people employed in 
 the city than were 
 here eighteen 
 months before. 
 
 The West Shore 
 
 opened between Newburgh and New York June 
 
 first train left here at 7.15 a. m. A great crowd 
 
 sec the train depart, and about one 
 
 When the train 
 
 Railway was 
 
 4, 1883. The 
 
 gathered at the station to 
 
 hundred and thirty Newburgh people took passage. 
 
 sped away the crowd cheered, and many steam whistles sounded 
 
 noisy salutes. Similar demonstrations were made at other places 
 
 along the line. This new road not only gave Newburgh another 
 
 route to the West, but, what was at that time of more importance, 
 
 direct communication with all the villages on the west shore of the 
 
 river. 
 
 OTHER NEW ROADS. 
 
 The New York, Ontario and Western Railroad was opened to 
 Newburgh and New York the same day as the West Shore. This 
 road extends from a junction with the West Shore, four miles and a 
 half south of Newburgh, to Lake Ontario. 
 
 The Warwick Valley Railroad having been extended to Belvedere, 
 N. J., and connected with the Pennsylvania and Jersey Central 
 systems and reorganized as tlie Lehigh and Hudson, in iS8g a con- 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 63 
 
 necting line called the Orange County Railroad was 
 laid from Greycourt Junction to Burnside on the Central 
 New England and Western Railroad, which was built 
 throvigh Orange and Ulster Counties the same year. 
 About the same time the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie 
 and Boston Railroad was opened between Goshen on 
 the Erie and Slatington, Pa. 
 
 NEW MANUFACTURING CONCERNS. 
 
 Within the past ten years the following important 
 manufacturing concerns have been started in Newburgh: 
 
 18S0 — Brokaw Manufacturing Company, (flannel out- 
 ing garments.) 
 
 1881— Sweet, Orr & Co., (overalls.) 
 
 1881— Whitehill & Cleveland, (overalls.) 
 
 1883 — Edison Electric Illuminating Company. 
 
 1883 — Newburgh Paper-Box Factory. 
 
 1884 — Coldwell- Wilcox Company, (iron founders and 
 machinists.) 
 
 18S5 — T. S. Marvel & Co., (iron shipbuilding and engi- 
 neering works.) 
 
 1885 — Newburgh Electric Light & Power Company. 
 
 1886— Ferry & Napier, (hats.) 
 
 18S6 — The Perfect Liquid-Measure Manufacturing Co. 
 
 1887 — Kilmer Manufacturing Company, (wire works.) 
 
 1887 — Newburgh Upholstering Company, (furniture.) 
 
 1888 — Storm King Pants Company. 
 
 1889 — Newburgh AVood-AVorking Company, (builders' 
 supplies.) 
 
 i8S() — Hudson River Paint Company. 
 
 1SS9 — Standard Chemical Fibre Company. 
 
 1890 — Granite City Soap Company. 
 
 1890 — Hyer-Sheehan Electric Motor Company. 
 
 1890 — Newburgh Reed Company, (reed chairs.) 
 
 1890 — Newburgh (artificial) Ice Company. 
 
 1890— McGiffert & Wands, (soap.) 
 
 1890 — F. W. Perkins, (tiour and feed mill.) 
 
 1891 — Little Falls Paper Company. 
 
 i8gi — Coldwell Lawn Mower Company. 
 The above, however, does not adequately indicate 
 the increasing importance of Newburgh as a manufac- 
 turing city, as it does not take into account the remark- 
 able growth of the manufactories established here 
 previous to 1880, nor the rapid development of the 
 newer ones, some of which starting with a very few 
 hands now employ hundreds. The following large con- 
 cerns have either erected new and larger establishments 
 on new sites, or have added large buildings to old 
 plants within the past ten years: 
 
 (William) Wright Engine Works, (new plant.) 
 Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice Machine Co., (new.) 
 Chadborn & Coldwell Manufacturing Co., lawn 
 
 mowers, (new.) 
 Newburgh Moulding and Planing Mill, (new.) 
 James McCord's brush factory, (new.) 
 Newburgh Woolen Mills, (enlargement.) 
 Newburgh Bleachcry, (enlargement.) 
 Newburgh Plaster Works, (enlargement.) 
 Newburgh Steam Boiler Works, (new) 
 Grove Paper Mills, (enlargement.) 
 Newburgh Steam Mills, (enlargement.) 
 Highland Mills, carpets and rugs, (new.) 
 
 ACTIVITY IN REAL ESTATE. 
 
 As has been said, the construction of the New York, 
 West Shore and Buffalo Railway through the heart of 
 the business district brought about great activity 
 in real estate affairs. Then the establishment of 
 
[64] 
 
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 OQ 
 
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 CC <o 
 
 V 
 
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 ^ — 
 
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 o 
 
 c be 
 
 I I 
 
 a> -o 
 
 I 5 
 
 at 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 65 
 
 new manufactories and the enlargement of old ones, together with the 
 numberless other enterprises that were undertaken, attracted many 
 new residents, for whom dwelling places had to be provided. At times 
 builders covild not hire enough help, and no man or woman that could 
 work had to look far for a situation. Newburgh being compactly built, 
 the operations were principally on the skirts of the thickly settled por- 
 tion ; thus the city has grown southward and westward, and in a les- 
 ser degree northward. Probably the proportion of citizens who own 
 their own homes is greater now than ever before. Ambition has been 
 stimulated in that direction, and it is unnecesssry to note the good re- 
 sults which follow the gratification of this desire in the great majority 
 of cases. 
 
 All the indications are that the growth is healthy. It is altogether 
 based on the results of past earning and saving. There is every 
 reason to expect the continuance of the " good times." Thesituation 
 and advantages of the place are now such that it is not likely to 
 lose its share of the good things going. 
 
 Unfortunately no record has been made — except for a period of 
 two years and three months — of the number of buildings erected 
 within the corporate limits. In the Fall of 1887 a Building Inspector 
 was appointed by the Common Council, but in 1890 the ilayor, hold- 
 ing that there was no authority in the Charter for the appointment 
 of such an officer, made no appointment. The following will show 
 the number of buildings (not counting additions) erected from 
 October i, 18S7, to January i, iSgo: 
 
 Brick. Fraiiw. Total. 
 
 October, 1887, to January, 1S8S, 31 17 48 
 
 Jan'y to April, iSSS iS 5 23 
 
 April to July, iSSS 20 12 32 
 
 July to Oct. , 18S8 54 33 87 
 
 Oct. to Jan'y, 1889 26 24 50 
 
 Jan'y to April, 18S9 23 9 32 
 
 April to July, 18S9 35 12 47 
 
 July to Oct. , 1889 50 23 73 
 
 Total, two years 257 135 392 
 
 October, 1889, to January, 1890 28 21 49 
 
 285 156 431 
 From March i, 1890, to March i, 1891, the Superintendent of the 
 Water Works issued 140 permits for tapping the mains; 108 were for 
 new buildings, but often one tap was made to answer for two 
 buildings. 
 
 On October 22, 1887, an auction sale of city lots occurred on the 
 Roe property, in the western portion. Several streets had been laid 
 out through the plot. About one hundred lots were sold, together 
 with the stone mansion. There was a huge clambake in the open 
 field, and refreshments were served in a tent. 
 
 December 26, 1887, fifty-one building lots were offered at pubHc 
 auction by James Taggart, at West Newburgh, and thirty-one sold 
 for §11,007. 
 
 WASHINGTON HEIGHTS. 
 
 This beautiful tract of nearly one hundred acres of land in the 
 southern part of the city, so recently reclaimed from husbandry and 
 built up with substantial dwellings, demands extended notice; but 
 in a brief sketch of what it was and is the contrast will show what 
 growth and development has obtained in a very short period. Only 
 about four years have passed since this district, now presenting every 
 evidence of thrifty city life, had but a single habitation, a farm 
 house in the midst of broad fields on which bountiful harvests were 
 produced. It was a beautiful landscape, wonderfully adorned by 
 Nature. It was the homestead farm of the late Captain Henry Robin- 
 son, who had purchased the tract of two hundred and sixty-seven 
 acres and upward at a public sale, under the foreclosure of a mort- 
 gage, on July 21, 1824. He was a retired sea captain, and resided in 
 a mansion long since removed, but which stood near the corner of 
 Liberty and South William Streets. He died March 9, 1866, 
 possessed of this farm, with its original boundaries substantially un- 
 broken. Subsequently to his death the entire tract was used for agri- 
 cultural purposes, but the high bluff at the east end overlooking the 
 
 river, was at various times secured for isublic purposes, and became 
 the scene of popular sports, the site of the county fair, of military 
 encampments, and the Newburgh Base Ball Association fenced a 
 field for ball grounds. In 1S86 the city had grown close up to the 
 northern boundaries of the farm; on the north, east and south sides 
 were many important industries, and it became evident that the 
 barriers to the possession of the property could not long withstand 
 the onward march of Progress. 
 
 On October 26, 1886, Henry T. McCoun purchased from theheirs- 
 in-law of the original proprietor that part of the plateau east of Lander 
 Street, embracing about forty acres, and entered into an arrangement 
 with Colonel Charles H. Weygant for its speedy development on an 
 extended scale. These gentlemen caused this land to be carefully sur- 
 veyed and laid out. They opened and graded streets, and laid sewer 
 and water pipes through each; they flagged the sidewalks, curbed, 
 sagged and paved the gutters, macadamized the roadbeds, and set 
 out shade trees. All these and other improvements were made at 
 their own expense, and no lot was sold without such improvements or 
 a contract therefor that was in all cases faithfully performed. 
 
 The streets are from fifty to sixty-six feet in width, and the 
 deeds require the buildings to be placed twelve feet back from the 
 street lines. This twelve feet of space in front of each house, form- 
 ing a grassy terrace between the sidewalk and the houses, is a pretty 
 feature. Liberty Street and Lander Street, two of the principal thor- 
 oughfares of the city, were extended through the plot, and the fol- 
 lowing other streets were opened: Carson Avenue, Overlook Place, 
 Courtney Avenue, Henry Avenue, Beacon Street and Bay View Ter- 
 race, the latter extending along the edge of the bluff on the south and 
 east sides. Renwick Street was already open through the property 
 from Bridge Street east to the river, but commonly only the plot 
 south of this street is designated Washington Heights. Over 2>^/ 
 miles of streets and 450 lots were thus laid out. 
 
 It is worthy of mention that in all the deeds for building lots 
 executed and delivered to purchasers is inserted the stipulation and 
 agreement that no strong, spirituous or intoxicating liquors or 
 beverages of any kind shall ever be manufactured, brewed, distilled, 
 prepared, rectified, sold, or offered or exposed for sale upon any part 
 of the premises, a covenant which will last as a memorial to these 
 gentlemen after they have passed from earth. 
 
 All the work on the Heights was well done and received instant 
 and grateful approval by an appreciative public. The streets are 
 regularly laid out, broad and straight, and the squares have generally 
 right angles. The streets were accepted by the city, the electric 
 light introduced, the horse railway extended to the corner of Liberty 
 and Renwick Streets, and the denizens of the Heights enjoy the 
 same municipal privileges as their more crowded neighbors. 
 
 The enterprise has been successful far beyond the expectations of 
 even its projectors. The first lot was sold December i, 18S6, and 
 only about a score of the four hundred and fifty remain with the 
 company at the present time. The first building was erected in 
 the Spring of 1887; at this writing there are 185 houses on the plot. 
 They vary in cost from two to eight thousand dollars; the aggregate 
 valuation of the whole plot and its improvements is estimated at 
 Si, 000, 000. In some of the more recent sales, lots have sold for four 
 times the price originally charged, and in no instance has a lot been 
 sold except at an advance from the first price. 
 
 On October 25, 18S7, that part of the Robinson farm located west 
 of Lander Street and east of William and Bridge, 42 acres in all, was 
 purchased by Colonel William D, Dickey and Captain Joseph M. 
 Dickey, brothers, from the heirs. They immediately began to im- 
 prove that part north of Renwick Street by opening and grading 
 streets, and on the following Thanksgiving Day they held a public 
 auction of building lots. Ninety-six lots were sold for a total of $22,- 
 257. In the Spring they laid out and graded other streets through a 
 portion of the land south of Renwick Street, conforming to the adjoin- 
 ing plot of the Washington Heights Company, and on Decoration Day 
 held another auction sale, with a balloon ascension by Carlotta as an 
 added attraction. About eighty lots were sold under the hammer that 
 day, for a total of $22,687. Since that time many more have been sold 
 at private sale. So far 130 houses have been erected on this plot, and 
 
66 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 the indications are that dwellings will be erected at the same rapid 
 rate till the Avhole Washington Heights district is built up. 
 
 The location of the Heights is most sightly. The plateau is about 
 one hundred and thirty-seven feet above the Hudson, and on the 
 
 HENRY T, McCOUN. 
 
 eastern side rises precipitously almost from the shore. It is no higher in 
 reality than the general level of the city on the hill, its distinguishing 
 peculiarity being the high blulf on the river side. It commands a 
 magnificent view of the whole expanse of Newburgh Bay, the High- 
 lands, and all the grand "water and mountain scenery surrounding 
 the city. It is but a few rods south of Washington's Headquarters, 
 and the jjretty A'ale of Avoca is on the southern side. The dwellings 
 line nearly every street and avenue, generally in regular succession. It 
 is diiScult to select any particular spot for the subject of admiration, 
 but standing at the east end where people resort for the river view, 
 and looking westward the scene is one of unparalleled thrift and 
 beauty. The angular and broken roofs rise far in the distance. 
 Flowerbeds and miniature parks and lawns surround pretty cottages. 
 The settlement is highly creditable to our good name, and consistent 
 with the general beautiful appearance of the city. The majority of 
 the houses are owned by their occupants, who desired individuality, 
 comfort, and convenience in their homes. Besides the beautiful and 
 convenient location, one of the qualities of the Heights is hcalthful- 
 ness. Pure air, sunlight and perfect drainage are secured. The rapid 
 growth and improvement of the Heights will undoubtedly continue 
 with very little abatement, until all the intervening land lying toward 
 the southwest boundary of the city is built upon. 
 
 The Washington Heights addition has encouraged improvements 
 in that neighborhood, so that the whole southern part of the city has 
 undergone a remarkable transformation in the past few years. Within 
 a comparatively brief period also the Second Ward between Dubois 
 Street and Robinson Avenue has been compactly built up. Many in- 
 expensive but neat cottages have been erected there. Broadway has 
 likewise shared in the building movement, and has become, mainly 
 within the past ten years, a business thoroughfare of importance. 
 
 HENRY T McCOUN was born in the Town of New Windsor, 
 (adjoining Newburgh) in the neighborhoodcalled Bethlehem in 1816. 
 He remained at home till sixteen years old, and then went to Troy, 
 N Y where he spent eight years learning the business of a jeweler 
 and watch-maker. He came to Newburgh in :S4i and started m a 
 mercantile business for himself. In 1S51 he was elected a member 
 of the Board of Village Trustees and served one year. He was also 
 a member of the hook and ladder fire company. 
 
 In 1S62 he went to New Ycjk and continued m mercantile business 
 there till 1.S85, when he retired with a competency, having engaged in 
 many enterprises of the day, most of which ^vere very successful. 
 The latest, and probably the most important and successful, was the 
 development of the Washington Heights section of this city, in which 
 operation the rare business sagacity of the man was best exhibited. 
 Although comparatively a stranger in Newburgh for the preceding 
 twenty years, he at once perceived the possibilities of the project 
 when the plan was unfolded. And while his large investment of 
 capital has returned to him vastly increased, there is no one to 
 begrudge him a farthing of it, for by it he has wonderfully helped 
 the city, aroused the dormant spirit of enterprise throughout the 
 whole community, and by his liberal conduct in the handling of the 
 property has enabled many persons to benefit themselves. Although 
 now seventy-five years old, Jlr. ]\lcCoun is still in vigorous health and 
 strength, and in the full enjoyments of the fruits of his well directed 
 labors. He frequently comes to Newburgh from his home in New 
 York City. His wife was Eliza Waring, of the Town of Newburgh, 
 and she with three daughters and one son yet survives. 
 
 COLONEL CHARLES H. WEYGANT is a representative of the 
 oldest Newburgh family. He is a descendant of ilichael Weigand, one 
 of the original Palatine settlers of this city, and was bom in Cornwall 
 
 COLONEL CHARLES H, WEYGANT, 
 
 July 8, 1839. After graduating from the pul^lic schools of Newburgh, 
 he was prepared for college at the Ashland (N Y ) and the Clavarack 
 Collegiate Institutes. But instead of going to college he went to the 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 67 
 
 I. 
 
 tn-- 
 
 war. When the raising of the 124th Regiment, N. Y. S. V. , was begun, 
 he was commissioned as captain and raised the first company for that 
 famous regiment, which left for the seat of war early in September, 
 1862. Captain Weygant was the senior captain of the regiment, com- 
 manding Company A. He took an active part in the battles of Fred- 
 ericksburgh, Chanccllorsville, Beverly Ford, Gettysburgh, Wilder- 
 ness and Spottsylvania; and in every general engagement of the 
 Army of the Potomac after Cold Harbor until the close of the war. 
 
 At the battle of Gettysburgh, Colonel Ellis and Major Cromwell 
 were killed, and Lieutenant-Colonel Cummings was wounded, leav- 
 ing the regiment in command of Captain Weygant for about a month. 
 Shortly afterward he was commissioned as Major, his commission 
 dating from July 2, 1S63, and later he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 dating from the same time. Colonel Cummings commanded the regi- 
 ment until the morning of the second day's battle of the Wilderness, 
 when he was severely wounded, so much so that he never resumed 
 duty. The regiment then passed under the command of Colonel 
 Weygant. 
 
 Previously to receiving his commission as Colonel from his State, 
 he had been brevetted Colonel by Congress as a special recognition 
 of his ser\-ices and those of his regiment, who during the siege of 
 Petersburg captured 
 one hundred and 
 eight;' Confederates, 
 their commanding 
 officer and battle 
 flag, killing and 
 wounding thirty 
 others, without los- 
 ing a single man on 
 his side. Colonel 
 Weygant was 
 wounded first at 
 Chancellorsville, a 
 scalp wound which 
 only invalided him 
 for a few days, after 
 the battle was over. 
 The 124th was one 
 of the eight regi- 
 ments which led 
 Hancock's charge at 
 Spottsylvania, and 
 here Colonel Wey- 
 gant was wounded 
 in the leg, after his 
 regiment had cap- 
 tured four guns, 
 over three hundred 
 
 prisoners and a rebel flag. This wound kept 
 about seven weeks. At Boynton Roads, while 
 a force consisting of the 124th New York and 
 regiment of sharpshooters, he was again 
 — which kept him from duty about five 
 
 him from duty 
 in command of 
 Berdan's second 
 wounded — in the side 
 weeks. His regiment, 
 acting as sharpshooters, took a conspicuous part in Grant's last 
 campaign, skirmishing with the enemy's rear guard nearly every 
 day from Petersburg to Appomattox, capturing many prisoners, guns 
 and wagons, and losing twenty men, killed and wounded, in the last 
 encounter between the Army of the Potomac and the Army of 
 Northern Virginia, the day preceding Lee's surrender. 
 
 After the war Colonel Weygant engaged in carriage manufactur- 
 ing, and continued in business till 1S70, when he was elected by the 
 Republican party Sheriff of Orange County for the term of three 
 years. In 1878-80 he was Mayor of the city. In 1886, in company 
 with Henry T. McCoun, he purchased the eastern portion of the 
 Robinson farm, and planned and carried out the greatest real estate 
 movement in the history of the city. This work has conferred a last- 
 ing benefit upon Newburgh, and the Washington Heights addition 
 will ever stand a monument to his enterprise and ability. Colonel 
 Weygant has for years filled a prominent jDlace in both the 
 
 social and business life of the city. He was chosen as the Grand 
 Marshal of the great Centennial parade in 1S83, and how ably he 
 planned and led it has been told already. Colonel Weygant is a 
 worlcing member of the Board of Trade, a Trustee of Trinity M. E. 
 Church, and was for a number of years Commander of Ellis Post, G. 
 
 A. R. He is the author of the " History of the 124th Regiment, N. 
 Y. S. Vols.," a well-written book that has had a large circulation. 
 
 In 1S6S Colonel Weygant married Charlotte, daughter of Samuel 
 
 B. Sackett, of Newburgh, and they have one daughter. 
 
 s s ss 
 
 THE STREET RAILWAY. 
 
 On January iS, 1886, the Newburgh Street Railway Company made ' 
 application to the JIayor and Common Council for the right to build 
 and operate a surface road from a point at or near the western line of 
 the city, down Broadway to Colden Street, through Water to Third, to 
 Front, to the Union Depot; also a branch thereof on Liberty Street 
 between Broadway and Renwick. On February 19 the Common 
 Council granted the application upon specified conditions. 
 
 On March 30, 1SS6, the company asked for the right to extend the 
 line from the corner of Water and Third Streets, along Water to a 
 
 point at or near the 
 northerly line of the 
 city, and on May 7 
 the franchise w a s 
 sold at public auction 
 in the Common 
 Council rooms to the 
 Company, the nomi- 
 nal price being one- 
 tenth of one per 
 cent, of the gross 
 earnings of the ex- 
 tension from Third 
 Street north. Ground 
 was broken Novem- 
 ber 22, and a large 
 f(jrce of men was 
 employed till the 
 road was completed 
 to the Union Depot 
 in Front Street, De- 
 cember 22. The of- 
 ficers of the com- 
 pany were Charles 
 D. Haines, Presi- 
 dent ; Andrew G. 
 Haines, Vice-Presi- 
 dent; George W. 
 Haines, General Man- 
 W. Stetson, 
 G. Haines, Frank H. 
 have since been 
 
 LIBERTY STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM CAMPBELL STREET, 
 
 Stetson, Secretary and Treasurer; Elmer T. 
 
 ager. Board of Directors: John D. Haines, George 
 
 David S. Haines, Rimer T. Haines, Andrew 
 
 Stanley and Charles D. Haines. New officers 
 
 elected. 
 
 On Thursday evening, December 23, 18S6, the railway was form- 
 ally opened between West Newburgh and the Union Depot. Build- 
 ings were decorated and great crowds gathered along the line. About 
 seven o'clock three cars started from the stables at the western end. 
 The cars were named the " B. B. Odell," in honor of the Mayor, and 
 " G. W. Stetson," and " Haines Brothers," in honor of the builders of 
 the road. The first car was drawn by " Tom" and " Jerry," a beau- 
 tiful pair of Norman horses loaned for the purpose by the Beveridge 
 Brewing Company, and to the other cars were attached two other fine 
 teams also owned by the Brewing Company. All the way down the 
 line bonfires were blazing. A squad of police headed the procession 
 and cleared the way. They were followed by a band of music and a 
 mighty throng of jjeople. The ovation began at the house of High- 
 land Steamer Company. The fire-bell was rung; the steamer was 
 run out on the street and its whistle blown, the firemen and the 
 assembled populace cheered, and many kinds of fireworks were set 
 
68 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 off. As the procession marched down town the enthusiasm waxed 
 warmer. Discharges of caunonry shook the houses, steam whistles 
 shrieked, rockets hissed, and the broad avenue became choked with 
 people. The people in Colden and Water Streets also made a great 
 demonstration. The cars were occupied by the Mayor and other 
 municipal officers, members of the Street Railway Company and 
 representative citizens. 
 
 PROPHETIC WORDS. 
 
 They halted in front of the United States Hotel, and Mayor 
 Odell introduced Mr. G. L. Terry, of New York, who addressed the 
 crowd in behalf of the Haines Brothers. He said in the course of 
 his remarks: 
 
 "You can hardly imagine, now that this road is only being 
 opened, what great and important changes it will make and intro- 
 duce among you. Far-seeing as you may be, familiar as you may 
 be and as you are with the past history of Newburgh, with its present 
 
 i 
 
 A^ 
 
 enterprise inaugurated to-night. I am proud to have taken so hurnWe 
 a part in such an auspicious occasion, and especially as it occurred m 
 Ui s beautiful and historic city, rich in associations with the past, rich 
 a its bright prospects for the future, than which there is none more 
 beautiful and renowned even of all the cities which line the shores of 
 the famous river whose waters roll at your feet. 
 
 E.N-Mayor A. S. Cassedy responded for Newburgh. 
 
 The railway line was subsequently extended through Water Street 
 to the northern line of the city; and in addition to the stables at the 
 western terminus, large and handsome brick car stables were bmlt on 
 Broadway, corner of Carpenter Avenue. 
 
 DOWNING PARK. 
 
 In his Annual Message to the Common Council in 1887, Mayor 
 
 Odell said; , , , 
 
 ••At various times it has been suggested that we should make use 
 ot the property now owned by the^ity, and which was formerly a 
 part of the Smith estate, as well as such additional lands surrounding 
 
 I 
 
 jrrr ' 
 
 Iff 
 
 ! «. I 
 
 r ill III 
 
 i li 
 
 ACADEMY OF MUSIC, 
 
 condition, with its needs for the future in the way of business 
 and fitherwise, with its advantages for increased development, 
 you will still find, as time goes on, that this road will work 
 changes, all beneficial, valuable and helpful that you did not dream 
 of, that you did not and could not anticipate. Facilities for business 
 and travel create business and travel, but to what extent, to what 
 marvelous extent, will be known only when this enterprise shall be 
 in'^full and successful f)peration. It would seem vain in me to at- 
 tempt to describe to you, who are so much better acquainted with 
 the city, its future prosperity as a result in part at least of this enter- 
 prise, but I may say what is I believe a judgment based on some 
 experience. It means increased activity in all your business interests 
 and their material and immediate enlargement. It means steadier 
 employment for all classes of workingmen and better reward for all 
 kindS'bf labor. It means more business for all your banks, and mer- 
 chants and newspapers, and hotels and mechanics, for all who minis- 
 ter to cither the wants or luxuries of your people; it means an exten- 
 sion of your territorial limits; new streets, new residences, business 
 blocks. It means, in short, the development of the city in every possi- 
 ble manner, and in every possible direction. When you see outlying 
 sections improved, and intervening sections built up by reason of new 
 and convenient facilities for intercourse; when you see prosperity in- 
 creasing and ambition augmented, you will attribute it largely to the 
 
 the same as might be deemed necessary, as a public park. Certainly, 
 no portion of our city is better adapted for this purpose. Situated in 
 the center of the city, of easy access, and commanding, as it does, a 
 magnificent view of the surrounding country, it seems to have been 
 designed by nature for such a purpose. Statistics from other cities 
 show that the increased valuation of adjacent property fully repays 
 the cost of acquiring and maintaining such improvement. If deemed 
 wise, the subject should be thoroughly investigated, and I believe a 
 jiresentation of the same could be made that would meet the approval 
 of all our citizens." 
 
 At a meeting of the Council on April 5, the Street Committee, with 
 the Mayor and the city attorney added, was instructed to make 
 inquiries in reference to the purchase of land between Dubois Street 
 and Carpenter Avenue, and between Third and South Streets, for 
 the purposes of a public park, and to ascertain the price and other 
 information. At the next meeting the committee, consisting of 
 Aldermen Kernahan, Cochrane and Kelly, and Mayor Odell and 
 City Attorney Graham, made a favorable report. A special election 
 was ordered to be held at the house of Columbian Hose Company on 
 May 24. On the evening previous to the election a public meeting 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 69 
 
 was held at the Coiirt House. A. S. Cassedy, Daniel S. Waring, 
 James G. Graham, Rev. J. N. Shaffer and W. W. Gearn spoke in 
 favor of the appropriation. On the morrow 373 taxpayers voted in 
 favor of the appropriation of $30,000 and 153 against. 
 
 On the first of July W. L. Smith executed a deed of the property 
 to the City of Newburgh. 
 
 Messrs. Vaux and Olmstead, architects and landscape gardeners, 
 formerly pupils of the late Andrew J. Downing, volunteered in con- 
 sideration that the park should be named " Downing Park," to 
 furnish plans for laying out the grounds. The sentiment of the 
 people, as voiced by the press, seeming to concur, the offer was 
 eventually accepted. 
 
 Downing Park has a very sightly location, and part of it being on 
 a high eminence, a view of the river, the surrounding country and of 
 a large part of the city is afforded. It has long been a popular resort 
 and playground in Summer. 
 
 THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 
 
 The projectors of the enterprise which secured to Newburgh this 
 large and beautiful edifice and a popular place of amusement were 
 J. P. Andrews and E. S. Turner. In December, 1S86, the lot was 
 purchased from Robert Whitehill for $15,000, and the erection was 
 commenced in the Spring of 1SS7. The building stands on the north- 
 west corner of Broadway and Grand Street. It has a frontage on 
 Broadway of 85 feet, and a depth of 140 feet. The style of architect- 
 ure is Romanesque; the walls of the first story are built of brown 
 stone, and the rest of North River brick, with terra cotta trimmings. 
 The auditorium is eighty feet long by forty-five in depth, and about 
 forty feet high. The stage is eighty by thirty-five feet. There are 
 twelve dressing rooms, two balconies, four boxes, and the auditorium 
 will seat nearly thirteen hundred people. It is heated by steam, and 
 lighted by both electricity and gas. The interior is handsomely finish- 
 ed, and the arrangements and conveniences fulfil the most modern 
 ideas. The first story on the Broadway side is rented for mercantile 
 purposes, the second for offices, and the third and fourth to Masonic 
 societies. Messrs. T. & J. Wilson were the contractors for the mason 
 work; Thomas Shaw's Sons, carpenters; Ward & Logan, painting 
 and frescoing; William Nixon, gas fixtures; Henry McCann, plumb- 
 ing; J. H. Dotzert, electric light fixtures; L. W. Seavey, of New 
 York, scene painter; J. J. Meehan, of New York, stage carpenter. 
 The Academy was formally opened September 17, 1888. The total 
 cost was about 895,000. The stock-holders are J. P. Andrews' 
 estate, Thos. Shaw's Sons, T. & J. Wilson, Ward & Logan, Henry 
 McCann, J. Henry Dotzert, E. A. Brewster, John D. Van Buren, 
 Henry T. JlcCoun. The first manager was A. Stanley AVood, and 
 the present lessee and manager is Fred M. Taylor. 
 
 JOHN P. ANDREWS, to whom Newburgh is mainly indebted 
 for its beautiful Academy of Music, was born at Woodbury, Conn., 
 June 6, 1817. In his yovith he learned the mason trade, and the knowl- 
 edge he possessed of this practical art was the basis of the suceess he 
 achieved in after life. He became an expert at his trade, and was 
 entrusted by his employer with the most important work. When 
 comparatively young he undertook contracts on his own account, one 
 of the first, if not the first, being a railroad job for Commodore Van- 
 derbilt. 
 
 In the years that followed Mr, Andrews built railroads in many 
 parts of the country, and had a wide acquaintance among the lead- 
 ing railroad operators. As a member of the firm of Dillon, Clide & 
 Co. he built the Grand Central Depot, and the approaches thereto, in- 
 cluding the Fourth Avenue Tunnel, in the City of New York. He 
 built the great Bergen Tunnel for the Erie Railroad, and all the ma- 
 sonry for the Delaware, I^ackawanna & Western Railroad through 
 Buffalo, the road being elevated in that city. At the time of his death 
 he was engaged on three contracts, namely, the construction of the 
 Dutchess County Railroad, an extension of the Lehigh Valley Rail- 
 road, and an extension of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Mr. Andrews for several years owned and lived at Home Farm, 
 at Wallkill, N. Y. In 1877 he bought the handsome residence 291 
 
 Liberty Street, and moved to Newburgh. He formed a strong at- 
 tachment for the city, and contributed to its advancement in many 
 ways. He erected several fine buildings, and aroused the spirit of en- 
 terprise in other capitalists. He was an oflScer of the Newburgh Real 
 Estate Company, which developed a valuable tract of land in the cit)', 
 and was one of the organizers, and at the time of his death the Vice- 
 President of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company. 
 
 But his crowning work for Newburgh was in connection with the 
 Academy of Music, for which he furnished most of the capital. At 
 his death he owned three-fourths of the stock and was President of 
 the company. 
 
 Mr. Andrews died at his country-seat near Cairo, Greene County, 
 November 26, 1890. The cause of death was apoplexy. In him New- 
 burgh " lost a citizen unportentious in manner, active in public spirit, 
 upright in character, and who demonstrated repeatedly in this city his 
 interest and devotion to the public weal." The people of Newburgh 
 had a warm regard for him, and his memory will be cherished for his 
 identification with the material advancement and progress of our city. 
 
 JOHN P, ANDREWS. 
 
 Mr. Andrews was twice married. By his first wife, Harriet Bron- 
 son, he had two sons and one daughter, namely, J. B. Andrews, of 
 Denver, Col., Frederick, and Edna H,,wife of AVilliam C. Chambers. 
 His second wife was Josephine Jerome, who has one daughter, Adelee 
 M,, wife of Dr, F. S, Cole, 
 
 NEWBURGH FREE ACADEMY. 
 
 This institution of learning was completed and dedicated Septem- 
 ber 2, 1S86, The architect was F, A, Wright (of Rossi ter& Wright, 
 of New York), a graduate of the Academy; the contractor was Thomas 
 Dobbin; Thomas Shaw's Sons sub-contractors for the carpenter work; 
 the superintendent of construction was William Harrison, a member 
 of the Board of Education; the total cost was about $68, 000, Work 
 was commenced August i, 1885, The edifice, which is constructed 
 of brick, with brown stone trimmings, contains three stories and a 
 basement. It stands on Montgomery Street, on the site of the old 
 
70 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Academ)-, which was erected in 1796. It has a frontage oi' 1:2 feet 
 and a depth of 68. There are twelve class rooms, each 31 !-^x23 feet, 
 and each containing single desks for forty-five pupik. There are 
 twenty-one rooms in all, including an assembly hall SS feet in length 
 by 64 in width, which will seat between six and seven hundred persons; 
 janitor's quarters, drawing room, laboratory, etc. The heating and 
 ventilating is by theRutan system; the light enters all the class rooms 
 over the left shoulders of the pupils; the stairways are broad, easy of 
 ascent and descent, without windings or abrupt turns. In these as in 
 many other particulars, the Academy is patterned after the most 
 modern ideas in school architecture. The interior can be lighted by 
 gas or electricity. 
 
 The dedicatory exercises were held in the Assembly Hall on the 
 third floor, and over six hundred people were present, among them 
 Hon. A. S. Draper, State Superintendent of Instruction; Rev. Dr. 
 John Forsyth, of Newburgh; Rev. Dr. Cornwell, Prof. Edward Wells, 
 of Peekskill; Colonel H. C. Hasbrouck, Commandant of Cadets at 
 
 the interior are of pine, with shellac finish. The joiner work is all 
 hand-made, and that in the best manner. The doors are heavy and 
 beautifully paneled. The rooms are handsomely fitted up and cheer- 
 ful At the dedicatory exercises there were present a number of 
 delegates from other Associations. Addresses were made by Rev. 
 Dr W K Hall, President E. S. Turner, and Rev. G. A. Hall, and a 
 poem entitled " E. S. Turner, His Mark" was read by Rev. John 
 Macnaughtan. The Association owes the building mainly to the in- 
 defatigable efforts of E. S. Turner, who was the President, and J. T. 
 Bowne who was then Secretary. Mr. Turner subsequently erected 
 a handsome office building adjoining the Y. M. C. A. building, of 
 similar design. 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 6. 
 On March iS, 1891, the Board of Education awarded to T. & J. 
 Wilson the contract for the construction of a new school building, 
 situated at the corner of Liberty and Rcnwick Streets. The building 
 
 RESIDENCE OF ISAAC COCH RAN -Corner of Powell Avenue and North Street 
 
 West Point; Judge E. L. Eldridge, Superintendent of Schools of 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Major E. C. Boynton, Homer Ramsdell, Esq., 
 Mayor Odell and ex-Mayor Cassedy, of Newburgh. Dr. Forsyth 
 offered prayer, and addresses were made by President L. M. Smith, 
 Hon. Jas. G. Graham, Hon. A. S. Draper, Hon. O. D. M. Baker, Presi- 
 dent of the Poughkeepsie Board of Education, and Mr. T. C. North- 
 cott, of Elmira. 
 
 THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING, 
 
 Which is located on the corner of Third and Smith Streets, has a 
 frontage of 31 feet and a depth of 77, with three stories and a base- 
 ment. The architects were McKim, Mead & White, of New York; 
 the contractors, William H. Hilton for the carpenter Avork, and John 
 Little for the mason work. The construction commenced in Septem- 
 ber, 1882, and the building was dedicated with appropriate ceremo- 
 nies June 15, 1883. The general style of the building is colonial. 
 The exterior walls are of selected iN^orth River brick laid in red mor- 
 tar, and trimmed with quoins of molded Croton brick and blue stone. 
 The total cost of the building complete and furnished was over $24,- 
 000. The first floor and basement are used as a gymnasium, in the 
 second story are the parlor and reading rooms, and on the third floor 
 is a hall with a seating capacity of three hundred. The finishings of 
 
 is 74 feet in width and 76 in depth. There are eight class rooms, 
 each 28x23 feet, and having desks for forty pupils. A hall, sixteen 
 feet wide, extends through each of the first two stories, with two class 
 rooms on either side. The third story contains the assembly room. 
 The building is heated and ventilated by the Rutan-Smead system. 
 The estimated cost is about §30,000. F. E. Estabrook, of Newburgh. 
 was the architect. 
 
 THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 
 
 In iSgi Congress appropriated Sioo.ooo for the erection of a pub- 
 lic building in Newburgh, and the Government purchased a plot at 
 the southeast corner of Montgomery and Second Streets on which to 
 erect the structure. This plot is 100 feet on Montgomery Street and 
 125 feet on Second Street. 
 
 Other evidences of recent growth are: Three new churches; three 
 newspapers; the enlargement of the water works system; two iron 
 steamboats for the Homer Ramsdell Transportation Company; electric 
 fire alarm system; the proposed addition of two new wards, and the 
 rearrangement of the system of municipal government; mail delivery 
 by carriers; Newburgh made a port of delivery. 
 
THE CITY OF NEWBURGH, 
 
 Characteristics and Advantages. 
 
 model citv. 
 
 HE year iSgi finds Ne-(vburgh a large, bustling, thriving 
 city, equipped with every modern facility and con- 
 venience preferred by an ambitious and cultivated 
 people. By these is determined the civiUzation of a com- 
 munity more than by anything else, for without them it 
 could not do the complex duties of a highly organized 
 society. Judged by its institutions, Newburgh is a 
 Its educational system, its religious, benevolent and 
 
 social organizations, its sanitary, water, fire, street and police ar- 
 rangements would befit 
 
 a municipality of far 
 
 larger growth. It has 
 
 become an important 
 
 manufacturing and rail- 
 road centre, as well as a 
 
 deUghtful residence place 
 
 and the general market 
 
 and depot of supply for a 
 
 broad region of country. 
 Our streets are mac- 
 adamized or paved, and 
 
 our flagstone side-walks 
 
 beneath stately elms and 
 
 maples, are miles and 
 
 miles in extent. Water 
 
 is cheaply supplied by 
 
 the city. The rate of 
 
 taxation is lower than in 
 
 any other place of equal 
 
 population; the municipal 
 
 debt is insignificant and 
 
 merely nominal. The 
 
 cost of living is low; 
 
 rents are not high; coal 
 
 is cheap; meat, flour and 
 
 the staple household 
 
 supplies are as reasonable 
 
 i n price here as anywhere 
 
 else, while milk, butter 
 
 and vegetables can be 
 
 had at country prices; 
 
 clothing, drygoods, fur- 
 niture and carpets are 
 
 supplied by our large 
 
 houses at New York 
 
 prices. No comforts of 
 
 the great cities are denied to residents of Newburgh, while a 
 
 thousand and one that may be had here cannot be obtained in New 
 
 York. The social standard maintains a healthy and moral atmos- 
 phere, which permits a greater degree of liberty, and discourages the 
 
 rough element to an extent which challenges comparison with any 
 
 city in the land. 
 
 We have a climate nearly perfect, whose hygienic qualities no 
 
 language can fitly describe; an ideal mountain range to temper the 
 
 wind and purify the air, while north and south in beauty ever renewed 
 stretches the valley of the Hudson, fringed in the distance by the 
 softened outlines of the mountains. 
 
 ''For whereso'er we turn our ravished eyes, 
 Bright gilded peaks and shining prospects rise." 
 
 Great cities do not occur by accident. They rise from natural and 
 artificial causes, chief among the former being a dominant geograph- 
 ical position. That must be where extended lines of land and water 
 carriage meet, and where the contributory country is extensive and 
 
 rich in resources. When 
 these are joined with en- 
 ergetic and capable men 
 the result is as certain 
 as anything may be with- 
 in our range. Now appl)'- 
 ing this to Ne^'burgh, let 
 us consider the follow- 
 ing : 
 
 First — The city is sit- 
 uated almost midway on 
 the great river which 
 separates the Eastern 
 from the iVIiddle States, 
 and on the only water 
 course freighting the 
 products of the great 
 West to New York city 
 and the ocean. It is also 
 located in the centre of 
 one of the best agricul- 
 tural and dairy districts 
 of the United States. 
 
 Second — The city is 
 in direct communication 
 with the gi-eat coal fields 
 and iron dejTOsits of 
 Pennsylvania, whereby 
 these products are trans- 
 ferred to the water's edge 
 in the city without break- 
 ing bulk, and thence by 
 Hoats or boats the same 
 cars are transferred to 
 rails which penetrate 
 every part of New Eng- 
 land, while coal-carrying 
 any accessible port on 
 
 MtR STREET- LOOKING SOUTH FROM FIFTH STREET, 
 
 and transport coal to 
 
 vessels receive 
 the coast. 
 
 Third — The city is situated in the very heart of one of the lar"-est 
 fruit-growing districts in this country, the cultivation of which is 
 annually increasing and furnishing employment to thousands of men, 
 women and children. 
 
 Fourth — The city bears on its three sides, within easy distances, 
 the first or second great Hudson River brick-making industry. [71] 
 
72 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 Fifth — The city is favored with a railroad and steamboat system 
 which leaves nothing to be desired. The resources for cheap trans- 
 portation are, therefore, all at hand here. 
 
 Sixth — The cheapness with which coal can be laid down here in 
 quantities, added to the water power which is running to waste, 
 answers the question as to the cheap power for manufacturing. 
 
 Water transportation is the key to commerce, and when joined with 
 railways completes the situation. Cheap coal, competing freight rates, 
 good sites, low taxation, and water power are the keys to manufac- 
 turing. Reviewing all these conditions, one risks nothing in predict- 
 ing that Newburgh will become a great manufacturing and com- 
 mercial city. 
 
 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 The appearance of the city proper is not only inviting, but visitors 
 are impressed with its compactness, with the regularity and neatness 
 of the avenues, and the solid and substantial appearance of the build- 
 ings. It is singularly tree from dingy streets and squalid tenements. 
 It is laid out generally in regular squares. The site bemg mainly on 
 the slope of the river bank, there is good drainage, and every rain 
 washes the streets clean. The surface water is collected in silt basins 
 where required, and conducted in sewers to the river. The streets 
 also carry pipes for water, gas and electric wires. 
 
 Water, Golden and Front Streets, running parallel and close to the 
 river, and Broadway, extending westward from the river, are the 
 principal business streets. Grand Street, which has eight churches 
 and three public buildings, is on the edge of the first plateau, and 
 at Dubois Street begins the broad tableland on which the west end 
 of the city is built. 
 
 The streets are lighted bj- both gas and electricity — 3S3 gas lamps 
 and no electric lamps. The total cost of lighting the streets last 
 year was $24,180.04. Within the fire limits the erection of frame 
 buildings is prohibited. 
 
 The streets are in charge of a superintendent, who has a corps of 
 corporation workers, who clean and macadamize the roads, collect 
 garbage and make all ordinary repairs. During the past fiscal year 
 the amount expended under the supervision of the street superinten- 
 dent was 810,058.96. 
 
 For two miles the river-front is fringed with almost an unbroken 
 line of wharves. Newburgh is a port of delivery, with a resident 
 customs officer. Ocean vessels are constantly at the docks among 
 the river steamers. At the extreme south end of the river front we 
 have the group of New Windsor brick yards. At the mouth of Quas- 
 saick Creek are the iron \vorks of the Coldwell- Wilcox Co. . and the 
 great depot of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, where coal is 
 shipped to i:)oints along the coast, the river and the canals. Coming 
 north we pass the West Shore Railroad switchyard. Marvel & Co.'s 
 iron, ship building and engineering works, one of the two Erie 
 Railway switchyards and the New York and New England Railroad 
 ferry; next, the landing places of the regular lines of boats, and far- 
 ther north, the Beveridge Brewery, the paint works, plaster works, 
 cotton mills and Wright's engine works. Interspersed along the line 
 are large storehouses, foundry and machine shops, coal and lumber 
 yards. 
 
 The streets next the river are Front and South Water. The former 
 extends from the Union Depot to South Street, and gives access to 
 the steamboat landings. It has wholesale houses, manufactories, etc. 
 South Water Street extends through the South End manufacturing 
 district. Water Street, next west of Front, is the principal retail 
 thoroughfare, though Golden Street and Broadway have recently 
 given it a strong opposition. 
 
 It is predicted by some that Broadway will eventually become our 
 principal business street. Handsome buildings are almost constantly 
 under construction, and solidly-built blocks now extend from Golden 
 Street far over the hill. It has factories, stores of all kinds, churches, 
 missions, clubs and places of amusement, and day and night the 
 sidewalks are thronged with people. 
 
 The Quassaick Creek, which is the southern boundary, furnishes 
 excellent water power, and has a dozen factories on its banks, with 
 room for many more. Newburgh has two public parks: Downing 
 
 Park is the height of land seen in the west, and Washington's Head- 
 quarters park may be distinguished by the flag always flying from its 
 giant staff. To those who pass on the river, or along the opposite 
 shore, we would say that it is only about one-third of the town which 
 they see, and that the hills are not so steep as they appear to them. 
 
 CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The growth of Newburgh has been encouraged since its incorpor- 
 ation as a city by wise government. In the administration of its affairs 
 there has been nothing to regret— nothing which we would wish to 
 undo. The Government has always been forehanded in its poUcy. 
 Its system of public works is complete, and need only be extended 
 from time to time as the growth of the population demands. The laws 
 and ordinances provide for every detail of government. No extraor- 
 dinary expenditures can now be foreseen, and the rate of taxation, 
 small as it is, will more probably be reduced than increased in the 
 
 future. 
 
 fc^*.,*,*^ 
 
 YEARLY TAX LEVIES. 
 
 The City's Assessed Valuation, and the Amount of Taxes Required 
 for Different Purposes Since Incorporation. 
 
 !3S 
 
 
 
 STATE A.\U 
 
 
 ASSESSED 
 
 CITY lA.X 
 
 W.ATEK 
 
 
 TOTAL 
 
 
 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 
 .^1 
 
 VALl'ATIO.N. 
 
 LEW. 
 
 RE.NTS. TAX. 
 
 
 TAXES. 
 
 1867 
 
 88,032,667 00 
 
 867,376 72 
 
 814,796 05 8110,998 
 
 44 
 
 8193,171 21 
 
 186S 
 
 7,873,049 54 
 
 77,966 00 
 
 20,086 79 117,414 
 
 69 
 
 215,467 48 
 
 1869 
 
 7,569,415 00 
 
 63,489 50 
 
 17,754 64 '' 111,960 
 
 43 
 
 193,204 57 
 
 1870 
 
 7,004,929 50 
 
 81,770 27 
 
 19.566 73 1 100,173 
 
 57 
 
 201,510 57 
 
 1871 
 
 6,056,995 00 
 
 79,849 97 
 
 19,679 63 111,586 
 
 07 
 
 211,115 67 
 
 1872 
 
 6,093,305 00 
 
 96,684 98 
 
 20,667 60 92,027 
 
 81 
 
 209,380 39 
 
 1873 
 
 6,118,700 00 
 
 104,477 95 
 
 23,572 68 79,493 
 
 01 
 
 207,543 64 
 
 1874 
 
 5,723,850 00 
 
 99,233 28 
 
 27,258 17 1 85,006 
 
 49 
 
 211,497 94 
 
 1875 
 
 5,628,735 00 
 
 102,925 49 
 
 29,307 71 
 
 90,519 
 
 17 
 
 222,752 37 
 
 1876 
 
 5,617,060 00 
 
 104,999 32 
 
 28,295 02 
 
 72,804 
 
 50 
 
 206,098 84 
 
 1877 
 
 11,821,025 00 
 
 103,658 II 
 
 29,882 01 
 
 58,001 
 
 82 
 
 191,591 94 
 
 1878 
 
 11,470,775 00 
 
 98,068 25 
 
 29.767 33 
 
 60,844 
 
 16 
 
 188,679 74 
 
 1879 
 
 9,273,035 00 
 
 99.358 48 
 
 28,559 75 
 
 56,721 
 
 76 
 
 184,639 99 
 
 1880 
 
 9,122,010 00 
 
 80,562 37 
 
 30,696 29 
 
 53.745 
 
 01 
 
 165,003 67 
 
 i8Si 
 
 8,591,859 00 
 
 90,475 64 
 
 27.334 50 
 
 52,333 
 
 17 
 
 170,143 31 
 
 1882 
 
 8,678,168 00 
 
 97,629 57 
 
 27.429 II 
 
 46,421 
 
 47 
 
 171.480 15 
 
 1883 
 
 8,716,043 92 
 
 100,236 38 
 
 30.427 37 
 
 43.175 
 
 46 
 
 175,839 21 
 
 1884 
 
 8,971,729 05 
 
 103,297 02 
 
 30,882 7S 65,891 
 
 78 
 
 200,071 58 
 
 1885 
 
 8,981,845 36 
 
 111,374 88 
 
 29,944 16 [ 61,614 
 
 82 
 
 202,933 86 
 
 1S86 
 
 9,058,203 50 
 
 112,513 79 
 
 30,882 00 ' 61,336 
 
 49 
 
 204,732 28 
 
 18S7 
 
 9,130,399 00 
 
 113,217 07 
 
 34.384 00 1 62,732 
 
 96 
 
 210,334 03 
 
 18S8 
 
 9,208,604 00 
 
 131,227 50 
 
 32,885 00 1 64,346 56 
 
 228,459 06 
 
 1889 
 
 9,330,819 00 
 
 145,560 93 
 
 36,054 50 I 61,706 
 
 58 
 
 243,322 01 
 
 1890 
 
 9,328,170 00 
 
 145.519 42 
 
 37.056 50 ' 79,270 
 
 80 
 
 261,846 72 
 
 1891 
 
 9,203,785 00 
 
 138,057 14 
 
 38,594 09 69,242 
 
 25 
 
 245,893 48 
 
 T 
 
 here are outsta 
 
 nding bonds 
 
 against the city as follows 
 
 
 W 
 
 ater bonds .... 
 
 
 
 .8 2 
 
 S6,ooo 00 
 25,170 00 
 
 Gl 
 
 ebe fund bond 
 
 ^issued 18S5) 
 
 @ 3 per cent 
 
 Gi 
 
 y Park bonds ( 
 
 Issued 1S87) ( 
 
 D 3K pel" cent 
 
 
 12,000 00 
 
 Q^ 
 
 assaick Creek 
 
 Bridge bonds 
 
 (including New Wind 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 sor's shar 
 
 e, issued iSS 
 
 i) @ 4 percent 
 
 
 56,000 00 
 
 El 
 
 ectric fire alar 
 cent 
 
 ni bonds (ist 
 
 ued 1SS9) @ 3K per 
 
 
 3,600 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8382,770 00 
 The Water bonds, /. ,-. , the debt on the water works, are provid- 
 ed for by the annual water rents. 
 
 The total amount of taxes levied and raised upon the taxable 
 property of the city during the past year was as follows: 
 
 School and Contingent, Pohce and Light, (City ta.xes) $138,057 14 
 
 State and County ta.xes . . eg Jz 25 
 
 Water rents, levied by Board of Water Commis- 
 sioners 38,594 09 
 
 $245,893 48 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 n 
 
 The valuation placed on city property (real and personal), for 
 assessment purposes last j^ear was only $9,203,785. The rate for City 
 taxes was Si. 50 on every $100. The rate for State and County taxes 
 was 0.7554. The "water tax may be estimated at about 42 cents on 
 every $100. Thus it will be seen that the total taxes levied upon city 
 property aggregates about S2.67 on every Sioo of assessed valu- 
 ation. A careful comparison has been made in Newburgh between 
 the assessed valuation and the real valuation, and the result shows 
 that real estate as a whole is assessed for only one- third its true value. 
 Therefore, the tax rate of S2.67 represents three times what it would 
 be if property were assessed at its true value, or about 89 cents on 
 each $100. 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS. 
 
 The disbursements ending ;March q, 1S91, were as follows- 
 
 Incidentals S 5,455 01 
 
 Board of Health 762 99 
 
 Election Expenses 1,012 27 
 
 Fire Department 4,479 Sg 
 
 Printing Expenses i,553 44 
 
 Roads and Bridges 22,675 59 
 
 Salaries 6.S75 00 
 
 S 42,814 ig 
 
 Police and Li g lit — 
 
 Miscellaneous $ 7S2 47 
 
 Station House 1.397 26 
 
 Street Gas Lamps 12,164 03 
 
 Repairs to Street Lights 121 12 
 
 Electric Street Lights 11,916 01 
 
 Gas for Fire Houses 1,327 96 
 
 Salaries of Policemen and Recorder 21,389 37 
 
 Old Town Cemetery $ 49 50 
 
 Broadway Sewer 350 15 
 
 Carter Street Sewer 1,126 00 
 
 Johnes Street Sewer 664 03 
 
 Lutheran Street Sewer 1,065 55 
 
 Washington's Headquarters 1,000 00 
 
 Carpenter Avenue Sewer 510 52 
 
 Overpaid Tax Fund 75 75 
 
 Interest on City Debt 693 00 
 
 Electric Fire Alarm Bonds 1,200 00 
 
 Supervisors' Audits 5i540 46 
 
 Chambers Creek Bridge 2,251 25 
 
 Bills Payable 20,000 00 
 
 Board of Education 44.503 21 
 
 Newburgh City Park Bonds 6,000 00 
 
 Water ' 37.7<J'J 19 
 
 $ 49,098 22 
 
 -% 122,795 61 
 214,708 02 
 
 PLAN OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 List of the Officials Required, W^hat They are Paid, Etc. 
 
 NUMBER ,\>D TITLE. 
 
 One Mayor 
 
 One President of Common Council 
 
 One Recorder 
 
 One Treasurer 
 
 One Collector 
 
 Four Assessors 
 
 Two Justices of the Peace (one every 2 years) . 
 
 Two Constables 
 
 Four Commissioners of the Alms House 
 
 Eight Trustees of Common Schools (2 each year) 
 
 Eight Aldermen 
 
 Alderman-at-Large 
 
 Four Supervisors 
 
 Sixty Inspectors of Election 
 
 One Chief Engineer of the Fire Department. . 
 Three Assistant Engineers do do .... 
 
 Four Fire Wardens 
 
 One President of the Board of Education 
 
 One Vice-President of the Board of Education. 
 
 One Clerk and Superintendent of Schools 
 
 One Librarian 
 
 Two Assistant Librarians 
 
 One Clerk of Common Council 
 
 One Assistant Clerk 
 
 One Superintendent of Streets 
 
 Asst. Supts. of Streets, not more than three 
 
 One Marshal 
 
 Two Police Sergeants 
 
 Police Constables (not exceeding twenty) 
 
 One City Engineer and Surveryor 
 
 One Corporation Counsel 
 
 Board of Health (six persons) 
 
 One Health Officer 
 
 Special Police Constables (not exccedmg fifty) . 
 
 Three Excise Commissioners 
 
 Five Water Commissioners 
 
 One Superintendent of Water Works 
 
 One Superintendent of Tower Clock 
 
 One Clerk to the Excise Board \ 
 
 One Superintendent of Alms House 
 
 One Alms House Physician 
 
 One Matron of Children's Home 
 
 Three Civil Service Commissioners 
 
 One Clerk to Civil Service Board 
 
 now APPOIXTEU OK ELECTED. 
 
 Elected by City at large 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 Common Council . 
 City at large 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Elected by City at large and 2 by Town Newb'gh 
 
 do do 
 
 One each year by each Ward 
 
 by City at large 
 
 one each year by each Ward 
 
 three in each Election District 
 
 by active members of fire companies. . . 
 do do do do 
 
 do do do do 
 
 Board of Education 
 
 do do 
 
 do do 
 
 do do 
 
 do do 
 
 by Common Council 
 
 Appointed by City Clerk 
 
 do by Mayor — consent of Common Council 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 by 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 by Board of Health 
 
 by Mayor 
 
 do 
 
 One Elected each year by City at large . 
 
 Appointed by Water Board 
 
 do 
 
 do by Excise Board 
 
 do by Alms House Board 
 
 do do do do 
 
 do do do do 
 
 do by Mayor 
 
 Appointed by Act 
 
 TERM OF OFFICE. 
 
 Two years . . 
 One year. . . . 
 Four jrears . . 
 Three years . 
 Three 3^ears. 
 Three j^ears. 
 Four j^ears . . 
 One year. . . . 
 Three years . 
 Four years . . 
 Two years . . 
 Two years . . 
 One year. . . . 
 One year. . . . 
 Three years . 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 One year. . . . 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 One year 
 
 do 
 
 Dur'g good beliav'r 
 
 do do 
 
 do do 
 One year 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Fifteen days or less . 
 
 Three years 
 
 Five years 
 
 One year 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 Until successors ap.i 
 do do I 
 
 S800 per year. 
 Nothing. 
 $1,000 per year. 
 $500 per year. 
 Paid bv fees, {a) 
 S300 each per year. 
 Paid by fees, (r) 
 do do (d) 
 Nothing. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 $75 each.* 
 About $60 per year. 
 $300 per year. 
 Nothing. 
 $2 per day.f 
 Nothing. 
 
 do 
 $1,500 per year. 
 $1,200 per year. 
 $400 each per 3-ear. 
 $1,200 per year. 
 $Soo per year. 
 $800 per year. 
 Fixed by Com. C'l. 
 $1,200 per )-ear. 
 $950 each per year. 
 $900 do 
 
 Nothing. |: 
 $200 per year.t; 
 Nothing. 
 $250 per year, (c) 
 $2 per day. 
 Sioo each per year. 
 Nothing. 
 Si, 000 per year. 
 $50 per year. 
 $100 and fees. 
 $Soo pr yr, &- board 
 $300 per year. 
 $240 pr yr, & board 
 S75 each per year. 
 S75 per year. 
 
 * In addition to the same compensation from the county as is received by Supervisors from towns. t For actual days service, which must not exceed 
 
 ten days in any one year. \ Presents bills for services rendered. § Also presents bills for services rendered. 
 
 (a) The office is worth about ,$2,500 per annum. (rt The office is worth about $500 per annum. (rf) The office is worth about $200 per annum. 
 
 {e) $25 monthly extra allowance for sanitary inspection, with fees for reg:isterins vital statistics. 
 
74 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 The chief executive officer is the Mayor, and the chief body the 
 Common Council, -which consists of nine members — two from eacli ot 
 the four Wards, and a member at large. Other municipal bodies are ; 
 the Board of Education, the Board of Water Commissioner.^, the 
 Board of Alms House Commistoioncrs, the Board of Health, the 
 Board of Assessors, the Board of Excise Commissioners, and the 
 Board of Civil Service Commissioners. 
 
 NEWBURGH'S ASSETS IN 1891. 
 
 
 VALUE 
 
 UUILDINGS 
 
 APPARA- 
 
 
 I'ROl'ERTV. 
 
 OF 
 
 AMI 
 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 
 LAND. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 
 
 School No I 
 
 Si 8 000 
 
 $30,000 
 38 000 
 
 
 §38,000 
 
 do No 2 ... 
 
 00 000 
 
 
 58,000 
 
 
 ro,ooo 
 
 36,500 
 
 
 46,500 
 
 
 
 14,000 
 
 do No 5 . ■ 
 
 1,500 
 
 4,500 
 
 : 5 ,000 
 
 7,000 
 
 18,500 
 25,500 
 75,000 
 30,000 
 
 
 20,000 
 
 
 
 30,000 
 
 
 
 90,000 
 
 Public Library 
 
 Books in Library (17,- 
 
 
 37,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30,000 
 
 Steamer Co. No. 2 
 
 1,000 
 
 5,000* 
 
 5,000 
 
 11,000 
 
 do No. 3 
 
 600 
 
 3,500* 
 
 5,500 
 
 9,600 
 
 do No. 4 
 
 2,000 
 
 4,000* 
 
 5,000 
 
 11,000 
 
 Hook and Ladder Co. . 
 
 2,000 
 
 3,800* 
 
 2,000 
 
 7,800 
 
 Hose Co. No. I 
 
 3,000 
 
 4,500* 
 
 2,500 
 
 10,000 
 
 do No. 2 
 
 1,000 
 
 4,500* 
 
 2,000 
 
 7,500 
 
 do No. 4 
 
 1,000 
 
 3,500* 
 
 2,000 
 
 6,500 
 
 do No. 5 
 
 2,000 
 
 4,000* 
 
 2,500 
 
 8,500 
 
 Electric Fire Alarm 
 
 
 
 
 
 fiy^stem 
 
 
 
 
 6,000 
 
 Downing Park (not in- 
 
 
 
 
 
 cludng Reservoir lot) 
 
 
 
 
 30,000 
 
 Water Works System 
 
 
 
 
 
 (cost) 
 
 
 
 
 554,544 
 
 Police Headquarters. . . 
 Storage building and 
 
 800 
 
 5,000 
 
 
 5,Soo 
 
 
 
 
 stables 
 
 1,500 
 
 3,000 
 
 
 4,500 
 
 Horses, wagons, im- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,500 
 
 Four-fifths interest in 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alms House 
 
 
 
 
 48,000 
 
 Miscellaneous personal 
 
 
 
 
 
 property 
 
 
 
 
 5,000 
 
 Fortv acres of land, 
 
 
 
 
 
 South Street (cost). 
 
 
 
 
 34,000 
 
 Land in Court House 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Quassaick Creek bridge 
 Cash in the Treasury, 
 
 
 
 
 56,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22,509 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 
 §1,234.253 
 
 
 
 
 ., 
 
 
 * Not including furniture, wliicli i.s owned by the companies. 
 
 The foregoing is a plain and complete statement of facts and fig- 
 ures showing the financial condition of the city, except that we have 
 omitted from the assets the improved streets, and the docks at the 
 ends of streets running to the river. The city has ever maintained a 
 liberal policy in all its departments, and yet the municipal debt is 
 small, and taxes are low. 
 
 OFFICIAL REGISTER. 
 
 Mayors and Aldermen of the City of Newburgh. 
 
 From March it, 1866, to March 12, 1867. 
 Mayor — George Clark. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — Daniel A. Rhcutan, John Lomas. 
 Second Ward — Henry Ross, John Corwin. 
 Third Ward—Edson H. Clark, Benjamin B. Odell. 
 Fourth Ward — James Bigler, James Whitehill. 
 Clerk — Charles B. Rovce. 
 
 From March 12, 181^7, to March i,>, 186S. 
 Mayor — George Clark. 
 Aldermen: 
 First AVard— Daniel A. Rheutan, George M. Clapp. 
 Second Ward— Henry Ross, James II. Phillips. 
 Third Ward— Rdson H. Clark, Charles Root. 
 Fourth Ward— James Bigler, David Moore. 
 Clerk— Charles B. Royce. 
 
 From March 11, r868, to March 9, 1869. 
 Mayor — George Clark. 
 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward— George M. Clap]), Alexander McCann. 
 Second Ward— James H. Phillips, William R. Brown. 
 Third Ward— Charles Root, Jonathan X. Weed. 
 Fourth Ward— David Moore, Abram S. Cassedy. 
 Clerk— Charles B. Royce. 
 
 From .March 9, i3''. „ to March 8, 1870. 
 Mayor — George Clark. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward— Alexander McCann, Gavin R. McGregor. 
 Second Ward— William R. Brown, Francis Boyd. 
 Third Ward— Jonathan X. Weed, John J. S. McCroskery. 
 Fourth Ward— Alexander Cauldwell, Jacob Brown. 
 Clerk— Charles B. Royce. 
 
 From March 8, 1870, to March 7, 1871. 
 Mayor— Robert Sterhng. (Died April 30, 1870.) 
 Alexander McCann, Presiding Officer and Acting Mayor. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward— Alexander McCann, Gavin R. McGregor. 
 Second Ward— Elkanah K. Shaw, Francis Boyd. 
 Third Ward— Charles Root, John J. S. McCroskery. 
 Fourth Ward— Alexander Cauldwell, James T. Lawson. 
 Clerk— OrviUe M. Smith. 
 
 From March 7, 1871, to March 6, 1872. 
 Mayor — William W. Carson. 
 Alrlermen: 
 First Ward— Alexander ;\IcCann, William Doyle. 
 Second Ward— Elkanah K. Shaw, Robert WhitehiU. 
 Third Ward— Charles Root, John J. S. McCroskery. 
 Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Hayt, James T. Lawson. 
 Clerk— OrvUle'M. Smith. 
 
 From March 6, 1872, to ^March 10, 1S73. 
 Mayor — Samuel E. Shutes. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — Joseph M. Dickev, William Dovle. 
 Second Ward— Henry F. Travis, Robert Whitehill. 
 Third Ward— Edward Haigh, John J. S. McCroskery. 
 Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Hayt, Robert Kernahan. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 874. 
 
 From ;\Iarch 10, 1S73, to ilareh ■ 
 Mayor — Samuel E. Shutes. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — Joseph M. Dickey, William Doyle. 
 Second Ward — Henry F. Travis, Wdliam F. Cameron. 
 Third Ward — Edward Haigh, John C. Adams. 
 Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Hayt, Robert Kernahan. 
 President of the Common Council — Joseph M. Dickey. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March lo, 1S74, to March 10, 1875. 
 Mayor — Chaucey M. Leonard. (Died Dec. 3, 1S74.) 
 President Nathaniel B. Ha^-t, acting JIaj-or. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — William Doyle, Hugh Hamilton. 
 Second A\'ard — William F. Cameron, John Dotzert. 
 Third Ward— John C. Adams, Grant E. Edgar. 
 Fourth Ward— Nathaniel B. Hayt, Lewis B. Halsey. 
 President of the Common Council — Nathaniel B. Hayt. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 9, 1875, to March 13, 1876. 
 Mayor — John J. S. McCroskery. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — William Doyle, Hugh Hamilton. 
 Second Ward — William V. Cameron, John Dotzert. 
 Third Ward — John C. Adams, Grant E. Edgar. 
 Fourth Ward — Noah CoUard, Richard Sterling. 
 President of the Common Council — John Dotzert. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 75 
 
 * Died May 13 
 cancv. 
 
 From March 13, 1S76, to March 12, 1877. 
 Mayor— John J. S. McCrosker;'. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward— William Doyle, Benjamin Cliff. 
 Second Ward— William F. Cameron, John Dotzert. 
 Third Ward— John C. Adams, Wallace Schoonmaker. 
 Fotirth Ward— David S. Lockwood, Noah CoUard.* 
 President of the Common Council— William Doyle. 
 Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 876, to fill V£ 
 
 1876, and Richard Sterlinfc' appointed May 
 
 From March 
 
 , 1877, to March 12, 1S7S. 
 Mayor— John J. S. McCroskery. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward— William Doyle, Benjamin Cliff. 
 Second Ward— John Dot'zert George L. Chadborn. 
 Third Ward— John C. Adams,* Wallace Schoonmaker. 
 Fourth Ward— Da%-id S. Lockwood, James Dickey. 
 President of the Common Council— John C. Adams. f 
 Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 * Resigned Julv 
 fill vacancy. 
 t Resigrned Julv ^ 
 
 , 1S77, and Moses C. Belknap appointed August 7, 1877, to 
 1877, and William Doyle elected President. 
 
 From March 12, 1S78, to March 10, 1879. 
 flavor — Charles H. Weygant. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward— William Dovle, Benjamin Cliff. 
 Second Ward— James C. 'Grant, George L. Chadborn. 
 Third Ward— William I. Underbill, Bartholomew B. Moore. 
 Fourth Ward— James Dickey, Robert Kernahan. 
 President of the Common Council — George L. Chadborn. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 10, 1879, to March 8, 1S80. 
 Mayor — Charles H. Weygant. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward— Benjamin Chff, Charles J. Embler. 
 Second Ward — James C. Grant, William Chambers. 
 Third Ward — William I. Underbill, Bartholomew B. Moore. 
 Fourth Ward— Robert Kernahan, Hugh McKissock. 
 President of the Common Council — Bartholomew B. Moore, 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March, 1880, to March, 1S81. 
 Mayor — Abram S. Cassedy. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward— Charles J. Embler, William Doyle. 
 Second Ward — William Chambers, Lewis C. Vernol. 
 Third Ward — Bartholomew B. Moore, Thomas A. Simonson. 
 Fourth Ward — Hugh JIcKissock, Richard Sterling. 
 President of the Common Council — Bartholomew B. Moore. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 8, 1881, to March 13, 1882. 
 ilayor — Abram S. Cassedy. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — William Doj-le, Joseph S. Embler. 
 Second Ward — Lewis C. Vernol, John T. Moore. 
 Third Ward — Thomas A. Simonson, Bartholomew B. Moore. 
 Fourth Ward — Richard Sterhng, Charles A. Harcourt. 
 President of the Common Council — Richard Sterhng. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 13, 1882, to March 12, 1883. 
 Mayor — Peter Ward. 
 Aldermen : 
 First Ward — Joseph S. Embler, William Doyle. 
 Second Ward — JohnT. Moore, Lewis C. Vernol. 
 Third Ward — Bartholomew B. Moore, Charles H. Halstead. 
 Fourth Ward — Charles A. Harcourt, Richard Sterling. 
 President of the Common Council — Lewis C. Vernol. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 72, 1883, to March 11, 1884. 
 Mayor — Peter Ward. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — William Doyle, Patrick Delany. 
 Second Ward — Lewis C. Vernol, Curtis Stanton. 
 Third Ward— Bartholomew B. Moore, Charles H. Halstead. 
 Fourth Ward — Richard Sterling, Charles A. Harcourt. 
 President of the Common Council — Richard Sterling. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 11, 1884, to March 10, 1S85. 
 Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
 Aldennen: 
 First Ward— William Do)-le, Patrick Delany. 
 Second Ward — Leander Clark, Curtis Stanton. 
 Third Ward — Bartholomew B. Moore, Joseph A. Sneed. 
 Fourth Ward — Charles A. Harcourt, Robert Kernahan. 
 President of the Common Council — William Doyle. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 10, 1885, to March 8, 1886. 
 
 Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — William Doyle, James Cochrane. 
 Second Ward — Leander Clark, William H. Kelly. 
 Third Ward — Joseph A. Sneed, John Corwiii. 
 Fourth Ward — Robert Kernahan, William H. Brinkmaii. 
 President of the Common Council — Joseph A. Sneed. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 8, 1886, to March 8, 1887. 
 Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
 
 Aldermen: 
 First Ward — James Cochrane, William Doyle. 
 Second Ward — William H. Kelly, Leander Clark. 
 Third Ward— John Corwin, William H. Smith. 
 Fourth Ward — William H. Brinkmaii, Robert Kernahan. 
 President of the Common Council — Robert Kernahan. 
 Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 8, 1887, to March 13, 18SS. 
 Mayor^Benjamin B. Odell. 
 Aldermen: 
 At Large — Bartholomew B. Moore. 
 First Ward — William Doyle, James Cochrane. 
 Second Ward — Leander Clark, William H. Kelly. 
 Third Ward — William H. Smith, Cornelius S. Gibb. 
 Fourth AVard — Robert Kernahan, Horatio B. Beckman. 
 President of the Common Council — Leander Clark. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 13, 1SS8, to March t2, 1889. 
 Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
 Aldermen: 
 At Large — Bartholomew B. Moore. 
 First Ward — James Cochrane, Fred. Herman. 
 Second Ward — William H. Kelly, James F. Templeton. 
 Third Ward— Cornehus S. Gibb, WilUam H. Hilton. 
 Fourth Ward — Horatio B. Beckman, John M. Leicht. 
 President of the Common Council — William H. Kelly. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 12, i88y, to i\[arch n, iSgo. 
 Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
 Aldermen : 
 At large — George C. Wenzel. 
 First Ward — Fred. Herman, James Cochrane. 
 Second \A'ard — James F. Templeton, Henry Garner, 
 Third Ward— William H. Hilton, Cornehus S. Gibb, 
 Fourth Ward — John M. Leicht, Horatio B. Beckman, 
 President of the Common Council — James Cochrane. 
 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March 11, i8go, to March 9, 1891. 
 Mayor — Michael Doyle. 
 Aldermen : 
 At Large — George C. Wenzel. 
 First Ward — James Cochrane, Alexander Jlorison. 
 Second Ward — Henry Garner, James F. Templeton. 
 Third Ward— Cornelius S. Gibb, WilUam H. Hilton. 
 Fourth Ward — Horatio B. Beckman, Edwin T. Smith. 
 President of the Common Council — James Cochrane. 
 Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 From March g, 1891, to . 
 
 Mayor — Michael Doyle. 
 Aldermen : 
 At Large — George C. Wenzel.* 
 First Ward — James Cochrane, Alexander Morison. 
 Second Ward — James F. Templeton, Henry B. Lawson. 
 Third Ward— Cornelius S. Gibb,t William H. Hilton. 
 Fourth Ward — Edwin T. Smith, Henry Rudolph. 
 President of the Common Council — George C. Wenzel.:]: 
 Clerli— Daniel J. Coutant. 
 
 * Died April 4, 1891, and Edward M. Murtfeldt appointed to fill vacancy, 
 t Died April 19, 1891, and Daniel S. Warin.e; appointed to fill vacancy. 
 4: James Cochrane elected to fill vacant presidency. 
 
76 
 
 NEWBUKGH 
 
 City Collectors. 
 
 Bancroft, Robert C 1869-71 
 
 Beede, William H 1SS7-90 
 
 Goodrich, Charles T. . . . 1S68 
 
 Grant, James C 1SS4-S6 
 
 Leonard, Henry M 1S90-91 
 
 Lyon, Charles H 1867 
 
 Lomas, Joseph 1875-S1 
 
 McKinstry, Stephen 1881-83 
 
 Tremper, Jacob 1872-74 
 
 City Collector in 1S91 — Henry M. Leonard. 
 Treasurers. 
 
 Dickey, James N. 1S72, 1879-91 
 
 Ring, A. Smith 1S76-78 
 
 Scott, Francis. 1 866-68, '70, '73-75 
 Treasurer in 1S91- 
 
 Smith, Lewis M 1869-70 
 
 Weed, Jonathan N iSgi 
 
 -Jonathan N. Weed. 
 
 Recorders. 
 
 Kerr, John B 1S75-7S 
 
 McCro'skery, L. W. Y 1S91 
 
 Shafer, Joseph D 1866-70 
 
 Recorder in iSgi — Lewis W. Y. JlcCroskery 
 
 Titus, Charles B 1871-74 
 
 Waring, Cornelius L 1879-90 
 
 Corporation Counsel. 
 
 Brewster, Eugene A, . . . 1S90-91 
 
 Cassedy, Abram S 1S75-76 
 
 Clark, George H 1880-S1 
 
 Dickey, William D..1S72, '7S-80 
 
 Fcnton, John B 1870-71 
 
 Graham, J. G 1873-74, '85-90 
 
 Headley, Russel 18S1-84 
 
 Taylor,' James W 1865-69 
 
 Counsel in 1861 — Eugene A. Brewster. 
 
 City Surveyor. 
 
 Caldwell, Charles— 1866-91. 
 
 Supervisors 
 
 Adams, John C 1S66, '87-gi 
 
 Beveridge, James B 1S70 
 
 Brennan, Patrick. . . , 1S69-78, 'So 
 Brown, Wm. R., (in place of J. 
 
 Tremper, resigned) 1876 
 
 Brown. Charles L 1887-91 
 
 Cameron, WiUiam F 1S86 
 
 Cauldwell, Alexander 1872 
 
 Chapman, Isaac C 1873 
 
 Cliff, Benjamin 1S89-90 
 
 Corwin, John 1867 
 
 Dickson, James R 1866, '68 
 
 Farrington, Ezra 1866-6S 
 
 Hirschberg, Henry Bl... .1875, 'S3 
 
 Horton, James E 1867-68 
 
 Johnson, Andrew 1872-74 
 
 Lawson. George 1869-70 
 
 Leonard, Chancey M 1867 
 
 Leon, David D 1873-74 
 
 The Newburgh Supervisors for 1891 are: First Ward — John M. 
 Wilson. Second Ward — Charles L. Brown. Third Ward — John C. 
 Adams. Fourth Ward — Hugh McKissock. 
 
 Superintendents of Streets. 
 
 Lawson, Robt 1878-S0 Peters, George W 1S90-91 
 
 Lozier, H. .1870-71, '74-77, '80-84 Winans, Lemuel J 1S66-69 
 
 Morgan, Alexander 1872-73 Withers Alex. J 1885-90 
 
 Superintendent in 1891 — George W. Peters. 
 
 Assessors. 
 
 Leslie, Alexander 1S71 
 
 Mason, John A 1879 
 
 Miller, John 1S75-77 
 
 Jloshier, George 1878-S1 
 
 McKissock, Hugh 1882-91 
 
 Oakley, Jackson.. ..1S66-68, '71-72 
 
 Purdy, Thomas W 1S81 
 
 Sloat, JohnL 18S2, 'S4-S6 
 
 Strachan, William G 1S69 
 
 Taylor, Jonathan 1S79 
 
 Travis, Henry F 1S71 
 
 Tremper, Jacob 1S76 
 
 Tuthill, Daniel S 1SS7-88 
 
 Vernol, Lewis C 1869-70 
 
 Waring, Daniel S 1872, '74-85 
 
 White, John H 1882-86 
 
 Wilson, John M 1S91 
 
 Withers, Alex. J...1S77-78, 'So-81 
 
 Allard, Nahum W 1867-68 
 
 Booth, Thomas H 1867-68 
 
 Boyd, John A 1878-81 
 
 Brown, Charles L 1872-77 
 
 Coleman, John 1869-74 
 
 Corwin, Isaac L 1878-81 
 
 Donoghue, Timothy 1875-81 
 
 Gibb, Cornelius S 1875-83 
 
 Goodrich, Charles T 1890-91 
 
 Wilson, J. D... 
 
 6>rant, James C 1881-87 
 
 Hanmcr, William A 18S7-90 
 
 Higby, William S 1867 
 
 Johnston, Charles 1869-71 
 
 Kelly, William H 1868-77 
 
 Oakley, Jackson 1872-74 
 
 Ryan, Daniel 18S1-91 
 
 Smith, Daniel 1869-71 
 
 Toohey, John P 1881-91 
 
 1884-91 
 
 Assessors in 1891; First Ward — John P. Toohey. Second Ward 
 
 Charles T. Goodrich. Third Ward— William A. Hanmcr. Fourth 
 Ward — Daniel Ryan. 
 
 Civil Service Commissioners, 1891. 
 
 Charles E. Snyder, M. S. Durkin, H. B. Beckman. Daniel J. 
 Coutant, Clerk of the Board. 
 
 Excise Commissioners 
 
 Michael Donahue, President; Charles Mapes, John C. Campbell. 
 Leander Brown, Clerk of the Board. 
 
 Justices of the Peace 
 
 Nchemiah Fowler and Hugh S. Banks. 
 
 HON. MICHAEL DOYLE, .Mayor of Newburgh, has been almost 
 a lifelong resident. He was born in Ireland, February 26, 1822, and 
 was brought here by his parents when six months old. When a lad 
 he was sent to Mr. Goodsell's school, where the rudiments of his 
 education were implanted, and afterwards he pursued his studies at 
 the High School. Desiring to follow a mercantile career, he obtained, 
 in 1837, a position in the large general store of John Famam at 92 
 Water Street. He was an apt student in business methods, and 
 quickly made his services valuable to his employer. 
 
 In 1S46 he became a partner, the firm being styled John Farnam& 
 Co. Newburgh was at that period the natural mart of a far larger 
 territory than now, and there being no communication with New York 
 in Winter except by turnpike, it was necessary for merchants to carry 
 very heavy stocks during certain portions of the year. In 1852 Mr. 
 Doyle purchased Mr. Farnam's interest, andfor thirty years thereafter 
 continued the business in the same place. His unbending integrity, 
 admirable business methods, and personal popularity attracted a 
 large trade. 
 
 In 1882, having acquired a competenc}', he retired from business, 
 having been in the same store forty-five years. But being in vigorous 
 health, with all the energy and ambition of early manhood fully 
 retained, he was not one to sit idly down and pass the rest of his days 
 in seclusion. A good portion of his time has since been given to 
 public affairs and to church work. For years he had been a trusted 
 advisor and leader in the councils of his party, but, with the excep- 
 tion of two terms as a Village Trustee, in 1857-60, never accept- 
 ed official position. In 18S3 he accepted the nomination for Water 
 Commissioner, and being elected, performed the important duties 
 connected with the management of the city water works with unusual 
 fidelit}' and ability for the term of five j'ears. 
 
 In the Spring of 1S90 Mr. Doyle, at the earnest solicitation of his 
 friends, and the united appeal of his party, accepted the nomination 
 for the highest office under the city government. He received not 
 only the solid support of his own party, but of a considerable faction 
 of the Republican party, and such was his popularity and the exist- 
 ing condition of local politics that he overcame a normal Republican 
 majority of about four hundred votes, and was elected by a majorit)' 
 of more than eight hundred votes. 
 
 " A plain, honest, business-like administration" was promised by 
 the Democratic press upon the election of Mr. Doyle, and expecting 
 that it would indicate the lines of policy he would pursue, the 
 Mayor's message to the Common Council was awaited with unusual 
 interest by the pubUc. It was received April S, and created a most 
 favorable impression. The enforcement of the excise law was a 
 subject then receiving considerable pubhc attention, and in that con- 
 nection the Mayor said; 
 
 • ' I desire to say in as emphatic a manner as is possible for me to do, 
 that as a sworn executive of the law, I purpose to see that this pro- 
 vision of law is enforced, and I respectfully ask your hearty co-opera- 
 tion in this matter, that we may bring about this long-desired condition 
 of affairs: a quiet day of rest, with saloons and drinking places all 
 closed. The people of the city will find me persistent, not only to 
 have Sunday property observed for a few weeks, but continued 
 throughout my term of office." 
 
 He recommended the revision and re-arrangement of the entire as- 
 sessment of city property in such manner as would place all property 
 liable to taxation upon the tax roll, and secure a fair, just and 
 equitable assessment. He recommended a plan for improving the 
 source of the water supply and the removal of electric wires from 
 overhead; also recommendations pertaining to the improvement and 
 proper maintenance of streets. He advised the sale of a laroe tract 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 11 
 
 ^^ 
 
 of city land at the west end; suggested the establishment of a pound, 
 and denounced lax discipline in the police department. 
 
 Mayor Doyle is discharging the duties of his office with singular 
 fideUty, and to the general contentment of the people. He devotes 
 most of his time to his official duties, and gives personal attention to 
 the several departments of the city government under his immediate 
 control. 
 
 In poUtics, ISIayor Doyle cast his first vote for Henry Clay, and on 
 the dissolution of the Whig party affiliated with the Democrats. He 
 is entangled with no faction or clique in his own party, nor allied with 
 any outside of it He is 
 neither vacillating in his opin- 
 ions, nor an extremist. 
 
 During the Rebellion he 
 was a AVar Democrat and 
 loyalty personified. He, with 
 Colonel Isaac AVood and Ezra 
 Famngton, was largely in- 
 strumental in organizing the 
 56th New York Volunteers 
 (Tenth Legion), which went 
 to the front from this city 
 ■under Colonel Van VN'j'ck. At 
 the reunion of the Legion in 
 Newburgh in iSgo, Mayor 
 Doj-le presided, and a touch- 
 ing incident of the day was 
 the tribute paid by Surgeon 
 Van Etten to Mr. Dojde for 
 his valuable ser^nces and kind 
 personal acts rendered to the 
 Legion at its organization, 
 and the cheers which these 
 expressions called forth from 
 the old soldiers. Pre%'ious to 
 the war Jlr. Doyle was cap- 
 tain of the local mihtia com- 
 pany called the Washington 
 Continentals. 
 
 Jlr. Do}-le has been useful 
 and prominent in many other 
 relations, and has had a part 
 in one way or another with 
 most of the important move- 
 ments of his time. He was a 
 stanch advocate of the rail- 
 road projected from New- 
 burgh to Syracuse, and sub- 
 scribed a portion of the 
 money that was raised to 
 defray the expenses of the first 
 survey. He subscribed to the 
 stock of the Dutchess and 
 Columbia Rairload, and also 
 
 to the capital stock of the Warwick Valley Railroad. For sixteen 
 years he was an active member of the Fire Department. In 
 1841 he joined the Hook and Ladder Company. The following 
 year he resigned from that company, and joined Cataract Engine 
 Company No. 3, of which he was assistant foreman and after- 
 wards foreman for a number of years. He resigned the foremanship 
 in 1849. He was one of the charter members of the Fire Department 
 Fund, and represented Cataract Company in that body for several 
 years. 
 
 Of St. George's Episcopal Church he has long been a useful mem- 
 ber. He is a vestryman of the church, and was a member of the 
 committee having in charge the erection of St. George's Chapel, now 
 known as the Church of the Good Shepherd. He is also a Director of 
 the National Bank of Newburgh. 
 
 In 1849 he married Mary Mclntyre, daughter of Mark Mclntyre, 
 of Newburgh. She died April 11, 1888, leaving four sons and one 
 
 daughter: J. Farnam, of New York; William E., of Newburgh; James 
 C. and Fred, of North Dakota, and Jlrs. Samuel P. Mapes, of New 
 York. Another son, Frank, died in 1884. 
 
 HON. GEORGE CLARK, the first Mayor of Newburgh, was born 
 in Newburgh, August 6, 1817. His parents were William and Mary 
 Clark. The former emigrated from the north of Ireland at an early 
 age and established his residence in Newburgh. The only survivor 
 of the family of ten children is Mrs. Anna E. (Clark) Copeland, wife 
 
 of ex-Mayor Copeland, of 
 
 I 
 
 HON. MICHAEL DOYLE. 
 
 Brooklyn. The book educa- 
 tion of Mr. Clark was obtained 
 at the common schools and at 
 Goodsell's Academy in this 
 city. At the age of sixteen he 
 was apprenticed to Daniel 
 Farrington and Benjamin 
 Lander, of Newburgh, to 
 learn the trade of a painter. 
 After two years he com- 
 menced business on his own 
 account in partnership with 
 James S. Young, and remain- 
 ed in that connection for two 
 or three years. In 1840 he 
 married, and one year later 
 he moved to New York City, 
 where he carried on the 
 wholesale and retail painting 
 business for fifteen 3rears. At 
 the expiration of that time, 
 having accumulated a com- 
 petency, he returned to his 
 native city of Newburgh in 
 1 8 56, and thereafter engaged 
 in no special business, but de- 
 voted his time and attention 
 to public affairs, and to the 
 support, direction and man- 
 agement of various local in- 
 stitutions and enterprises. 
 
 The zealous interest which 
 he took in all public measures 
 and enterprises affecting 
 Newburgh caused him to be 
 closely identified with the 
 local history of the place for 
 the fifteen years preceding his 
 death. No measure which he 
 thought would advance the 
 prosperity of the place ever 
 failed to receive his support, 
 and the enterprises with 
 which he was connected were many and important. He entered 
 public hfe as a member of Assembly from the Fourteenth Dis- 
 trict, of New York City, for the session of 1851. He was also 
 elected a member of the Common Council of that city by the Re- 
 publican party. After his return to Newburgh he became a member 
 of the Board of Education, a Trustee of the Savings Bank and a Di- 
 rector of the Quassaick Bank. He was Mayor of the city from March, 
 1866, to March, 1S70, and was succeeded by his brother-in-law, Robert 
 Sterhng. In 1868 he was elected the delegate from his Congressional 
 district to the Chicago Repubhcan convention which nominated Gen- 
 eral Grant to the Presidency, of whom he was always a warm friend 
 and admirer. Upon the occasion of President Grant's visit to New- 
 burgh August 7, 1869, he was the special guest of Mayor Clark, at 
 whose hospitable home he was entertained, and who delivered the ad- 
 dress of welcome at Washington's Headquarters. At the time 
 of his death Mr. Clark was president of the Board of Water 
 
 PHOTO. Br MAPES. 
 
78 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Commissioners, president of the Newburgli and Midland Raihvay 
 Company, a member of tlie Hoard of :\[anat;i.-rs of tlie Hudson 
 River State Hospital, and was filling several i.thcr positions of honor 
 and trust. He was the virtual founder of Woodlawn Cemetery; he 
 
 HON. GEORGE CLARK. 
 
 selected the site, purchased the land and had it surveyed, laid out and 
 adorned, and at the time of his demise owned a large part of it. ( )ne 
 of the most successful enterprises of the kind in the country, it must 
 ever stand as a monument to his judgment and public spirit. 
 
 During his residence in New York City he was a member and a 
 trustee of the Presbyterian Church in Twenty-third Street, of which 
 the Rev. Dunlap Smith, D. D., was pastor, and after his removal to 
 Newburgh he united with the First Presln'terian Church, and re 
 mained a devoted and faithful member till death. 
 
 In all the places of trust to which George Clark was called by his 
 fellow citizens and associates, he was faithful to every obligation. 
 He was painstaking to a remarkable degree in the execution of public 
 trusts, doing his duty conscientiously, and without fear or favor. In 
 his private relations he was a warm friend, and in his family a most 
 devoted husband and father. Of him it may with great truth be said 
 that he bore himself with dignity and self-respect in all the relations 
 of life, and that his death was lamented as that of a firm friend in 
 private life, a useful citizen, a faithful jiublic officer, and one well 
 worthy of being the first Jlayor of Newburgh. 
 
 He died June 3, i.^yi. Flags were displayed at half-mast on 
 buildings in the citj- and on vessels in the bay. The Common Coim- 
 cil, the Board of Water Commissioners and the various other bodies 
 to which he belonged passed memorials in his honor. 
 
 Mr. Clark married January 27, TS40, Augusta, daughter r)f Jason 
 W. and Martha (Griffith) Rogers, of the Town of Montgomery, and 
 granddaughter of Daniel Rogers, one of the first settlers on the 
 Wallkill in that town. Her father servefl as a captain in the war of 
 1812. Her maternal grandfather was Robert Griffith, a sea captain 
 and a native of Wales, who married Miss Peck, daughter of the 
 gentleman after whom "Peck's Slip" was named. Crissy, his 
 daughter, married Cadwallader Colden, and lived at Coldenham. 
 
 Robert, his son, grandfather of Mrs. Clark, settled in Orange 
 County', two miles beyond Walden, about 1795. and was twice mar- 
 ried. His first wife was Rebecca Barnes, of whom were born six 
 children, among them Martha, wife of Jason W. Rogers. 
 
 The children of Jlr. and Mrs. Clark were Mary Augusta, wife of 
 T. Powell Townscnd; George II., who at his death in 1888 was a 
 practicing lawyer in Newburgh; Martha Louisa, who married Jonas 
 Williams, of Newburgh, November .s, 1S76, and died July 15, 1877; 
 and Robert Sterling, who graduated at Princeton, in 1S74, and died 
 August 20, 1.S76. 
 
 HON. ROBERT STERLING, the second Mayor of Newburgh, 
 was born in Ireland in 1.S14. When a boy of ten he came to this 
 country with his parents, and resided in Newburgh upwards of forty 
 years. At an early age he engaged in business as a gunsmith, but in 
 1.S43 he entered the clothing trade, and at the time of his death was 
 the head of the largest estabUshment in that line in the city. 
 
 Mr. Sterling was closely identified with the prosperity of the place, 
 and was always prominent in local affairs. For seven years he was 
 trustee of the old village, and for two years he was the village presi- 
 dent. He was pressed by his friends to take the Democratic nomina- 
 tion for Jlayor at the first election under the city charter, but he de- 
 clined to be considered a candidate. He was one of the Water 
 Commissioners under the reorganization of the Board in 1869, and 
 when his short term expired the following year, he was elected Mayor 
 of the cit\-. The people looked to him with confidence for a success- 
 ful administration of public affairs. 
 
 But the seeds of disease had been sown, and only needed the ex- 
 citement and labors attendant upon his new duties to ripen them to a 
 
 HON, ROBERT STERLING. 
 
 fatal issue. He died Saturday evening, April 30, 1870, at his residence 
 in Liberty Street. 
 
 Mr. Sterling was also an officer in both the Newburgh Savings 
 Bank and tire (Juassaick National Bank. Of the former he was Vice- 
 president, and of the latter a Director at the time of his death. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 79 
 
 In early life Mr, Sterling chose the wise path of a christian life 
 and united with the Presbyterian Church, then under the charge of 
 the Rev. Dr. Johnston. At his death he was an elder in the Calvary 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 In all these relations Mr. Sterling bore himself as a faithful and 
 conscientious servant and upright citizen. He won and retained 
 
 OTO. SY ATKINSON 
 
 DANIEL S, WARING. 
 
 through life the respect of his neighbors of all classes, and, in a larger 
 measure than usually falls to the lot of a man always in active and, 
 at times, heated political life, was the possessor of the personal es- 
 teem of those who most widely differed from him on questions of 
 public policy. 
 
 He was liberal without ostentation, and there were not a few who 
 had experienced at his hands that treatment which made his loss to 
 them that of a sympathizing and helpful benefactor. While his death 
 was a sad blow to a large family circle, the gap which his removal 
 left in the business and official life of the city was wide and deep. 
 The memory of Robert Sterling will long be treasured by the people 
 of Newburgh as that of an upright citizen, a faithful magistrate and a 
 generous neighbor. 
 
 DANIEL S. WARING, one of our most useful citizens, was born 
 in the Town of Newburgh November 22, 1827. He remained at home 
 on the farm till 1853, then embarking in the coffee and spice business 
 in Brooklyn. In the year that Newburgh became a city he returned 
 here and built a coffee and spice mill, which he operated for one year 
 and then sold to N. B. Beede. He then entered the firm of D. S. & 
 C, S, Lockwood, in the coal business, and in 1873 succeeded the Lock- 
 woods in the proprietorship of the yard on Mailler's Dock. In 188S 
 he opened a coal yard at the corner of Broadway and Lake .Street, 
 which he still continues, in partnership with George S. Weller, His 
 interest in the other yard he sold in 1S89 to W. O. Mailler. The same 
 year Mr. Waring became a large stockholder and trustee in the Kil- 
 mer Manufacturing Company. 
 
 He organized the Newburgh Ice Company in 1885, and is now sole 
 proprietor. In iSgo, in partnership with Messrs. L. M. Smith and 
 
 Robert Whitehill, he purchased the Walsh paper mill property, and 
 commenced the manufacture of ice by the Pictet process on the prem- 
 ises. Mr. Waring was a stockholder and the Secretary of the New- 
 burgh flighland Hotel Company, which erected the large building af- 
 terwards known as the " Baldwin House" and " The Leslie." He is 
 a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank and a Director of the High- 
 land National Bank. Ho represented the Third Ward in the Board 
 of Supervisors in 1S72, and again from 1874 to '85. On the death 
 of Dr. Forsyth he was chosen President of the Woodlawn Cemetery 
 Association, which office he still holds. He is also an Elder of the 
 First Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Mr. Waring has given his aid and influence to many public move- 
 ments, and does all he can to encourage the growth and prosperity of 
 the city. He was one of the organizers of the Board of Trade and its 
 first President, and was annually re-elected till two years ago, when 
 he declined in favor of Robert Whitehill. He has been foremost in all 
 the good work the Board has accomplished, and rendered invaluable 
 service in securing the removal to this city of the Kilmer Manufacturing 
 Company. He is a member of the Newburgh Real Estate Company, 
 which purchased the Roe property between Grand and Montgomery 
 Streets, now occupied by a number of handsome dwellings and Miss 
 Mackie's large boarding school. He built a number of fine dwellings 
 in Grand Street, and has otherwise dealt considerably in real estate. 
 In 1891 Mr. Waring was appointed by Mayor Doyle an Alderman 
 from the Third Ward, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alder- 
 man Gibb. He was married in 1857 to Miss Phebe A. Moffat, of the 
 Town of Blooming Grove, in this county, who died in 18S9, leaving a 
 son and a daughter. 
 
 WW 
 
 CORNELIUS S. GIBB was the son and last surviving child of 
 Samuel and Louisa Gibb, and was born in Newburgh, November 19, 
 1846. During his boyhood he attended the public schools, and after 
 his graduation was variously employed as clerk and bookkeeper, and 
 also learned the art of photography. For a time he was a resident 
 of Amenia, Dutchess County, and there met and married Miss Eliza 
 Reed. On the death of his father he formed a partnership with 
 William W. Terwilliger and continued the undertaking business which 
 his father had established on the corner of Smith and Fourth Streets, 
 and was in that occupation at the time of his death (April 19, iSgi)^ 
 residing mean- 
 while in the house 
 in which he was 
 born, a house 
 which had been the 
 homestead of the 
 family for over half 
 a century. 
 
 He was a Re- 
 publican from edu- 
 cation, sincere in 
 his convictions and 
 earnest and un- 
 flinching in his 
 work for the ad- 
 vancement of the 
 interests of his 
 party. And his 
 party honored him 
 by continuing him 
 for twelve years in 
 the office of Asses- 
 sor and transfer- 
 ring him from that 
 post, in 1887, to 
 membership in the 
 Board of Alder- 
 men, and re-elect- 
 ing him in 1S89, 
 and again only a 
 
 CORNELIUS S, GIBE 
 
 few weeks before his death. His duties as 
 Assessor were faithfully performed, and from the acquaintance 
 
8o 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 with city affairs which he gained in their discharge he entered the 
 Board ut" Aldermen fully equipped for the greater responsibilities 
 which devolved upon him. With remarkable aptitude he became 
 
 master of the city's 
 laws and prece- 
 dents, and earnest 
 and active in pro- 
 moting their ob- 
 servance and in 
 a d \- a n c i n g the 
 interests of the 
 people whom h e 
 served. 
 
 He became a 
 member of the 
 Masonic fraternity 
 in 1S70. That he 
 was an active 
 member of the 
 order need not be 
 stated. As in 
 other relations in 
 life, the energy of 
 his nature was in 
 the work which he 
 was called to per- 
 form. During its 
 continuance he 
 held every post of 
 distinction in 
 Lodge and Chapter 
 and was a mem- 
 ber of the Com- 
 mandery, and Xoble of the Mystic Shrine in New York. He was 
 also a member of the North River Lodge, Knights of Honor, and 
 of Columbian Hose Company. 
 
 After a short service at Trinity M. E. Church, the remains of the 
 deceased were interred, witn Jlasonic honors, in Woodlawn Cemetery. 
 His aged mother and his wife and four 
 children survive him. 
 
 PHOTO, ev MAPES. 
 
 JAMES F. TEMPLETON. 
 
 JAMES F. TEMPLETON has repre- 
 sented the Second Ward in the Board of 
 Aldermen since 1888, having been re-elected 
 by the Republican party in i8go. He was 
 born in Wigtownshire, Scotland (where his 
 ancestors had lived for many generations), 
 June 28, 1845. He was reared in the Free 
 Church of Scotland, and was educated in 
 the excellent school connected with the 
 church at Glenluce. His father being a 
 master carpenter and builder, James learned 
 the trade and worked under him till 1868, 
 when he emigrated to America and settled 
 at Newburgh, 
 
 In i8Sz he formed a partnership with 
 George Usher (Usher & Templeton), in the 
 carpenter and building business. Their 
 shop is at 32 Chambers Street. For nine 
 years Mr. Templeton was a Trustee of the 
 First Associate Reformed Church. He has 
 been through all the chairs in Acme 
 Lodge. L O. O. F., and for two years past 
 has filled the office of Secretary; he was 
 twice elected to the Grand Lodge. He is a 
 man of large and powerful frame, and in his 
 early manhood took pleasure in Scottish 
 
 who introduced curling in Newburgh. Mr. Templeton married 
 
 Jessie, daughter of John McGregor, of the Town of New Windsor, 
 
 and has two sous and two daughters. 
 
 ss><s 
 
 JAMES COCHRANE, the President of the Common Council, is 
 
 serving his seventh successive year as an Alderman from the First 
 
 Ward, and is oc- 
 cupying the Presi- 
 dent's chair for the 
 
 third time, having 
 
 both preceded and 
 
 succeeded the late 
 
 President Wenzel. 
 
 He is one (jf the 
 
 most popular citi- 
 zens of the town, 
 
 and has never yet 
 
 experienced a po- 
 litical defeat. He 
 
 was born in the 
 
 north of Ireland 
 
 December 19, 1842, 
 
 being the yi jungest 
 
 of seven brothers, 
 
 but one of whom 
 
 besides himself left 
 
 their native land. 
 
 The oldest came 
 
 to America before 
 
 James, but the lat- 
 ter did so in early 
 
 life, first becoming 
 
 a farmer's boy a 
 
 few miles from this 
 
 city. Thirty years 
 
 ago, in 1S61, he 
 
 moved into Newburgh, soon afterwards entering the U. S. 
 
 Navy, in which he served during the closing years of the civil war- 
 principally on the gunbciat Eutaw, on the 
 James River, on which Dr. J. D. Malone,of 
 this city, was then surgeon. AVith this 
 vessel he took part in the second attack on 
 Fort Fisher, the successful one, and helped 
 to fire one of the last guus discharged by 
 the navy, in the taking of Fort Darling, 
 which was among the closing events of the 
 war. 
 
 Sulisequently Mr. Cochrane became a 
 cartman at Newburgh, but for twenty-two 
 years past has carried on a large grocery 
 business in Liberty Street, in a building 
 owned by himself, his store being one of the 
 best known in the city. As a merchant, he 
 is highly successful. As a citizen, he is 
 law-abiding, generous in aiding the unfortu- 
 nate, and informed on pubUc matters of 
 local interest. He belongs to the Masonic 
 fraternity and the Orange Lake Club. Mr. 
 Cochrane has uncommon strength in polit- 
 ical circles. He married Martha, daughter 
 of Samuel J. Hewitt, of Newburgh, and has 
 one scm, William H. 
 
 OTO. OY ATKI 
 
 HENRY B. LAWSON. 
 
 JAMES COCHRANE. 
 
 games, at which he was very proficient. He won prizes at tourna- 
 ments for throwing the hammer and putting the stone. It was he passed through all the grades till he reached the Academy, but did 
 
 HENRY B. LAWSON, Alderman from 
 the Second AVartl, was born in New Bruns- 
 wick, N. J., February 29, 1856. He is the 
 son of Robert and Hannah (Budd) Lawson. 
 Coming to Newburgh in 1862, he entered the public schools and 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 Si 
 
 not complete the academical eom'se. lie leanieil the toliaceonist 
 trade with George M. Ross, and in 1S79 commenced business on his 
 own account, at 100 Broachvay. Thence he removed to a better 
 location, Xo. 7 Water Street, and conducted l)oth a wholesale ami 
 retail business in tobacco and cigars. When he purchased the book, 
 
 EDWIN T. SMITH, 
 
 stationery and news business of William H. Callahan at 5? Water 
 Street, he conducted both stores. 
 
 A few years ago he disposed of these stores, and forming a part- 
 nership with George A. Embler, embarked in the grocery business at 
 No. 12 Colden Street, and is now doing one of the largest retail trades 
 in the city. The firm (Lawson & Embler) also owns the cigar, tobacco 
 and news stand at 8 Colden Street. 
 
 In 1891 he was elected Alderman by the Republicans of the 
 Second Ward by a majority of 220, and at the organization of the 
 Council he was appointed chairman of the Fire Department Commit- 
 tee, and a member of the Sewer and Auditing Committees. 
 
 He married Jennie M. Brown, daughter of Charles G. Brown, (jf 
 Xewburgh, and they have one son. 
 
 Mr. Smith was elected to the Common Council in iSyo by the iJeni- 
 ocratie party. He is a member of Newburgh Council of the Royal 
 .\reainini, Hudson River Lodge, F. & A. JI., Highland Chapter and 
 Hudson River Commanderv; also of Jlecca Temple, Nobles of the 
 .Mystic Shrine, New Vork City. He is also an exempt fireman, having 
 been a member of Ringgold Hose Company. He married Pauline, 
 seci>ud ilauglUer of F. W. Gerccke, of Xewburgh, and they have two 
 children — a son and a daughter. 
 
 HENRY RUDOLPH, Alderman from tlie F.nirlh Ward, was 
 elected bv the Repul)licans in iSiu. His ward is usually Democratic, 
 but Mr. Rudolph's popularity was so great as to secure his election 
 over H. B. Beckman, wlio had lieen a member for a number of years. 
 Mr. Rudolph came to Newburgh in iSSu, witli no means except a 
 thorough knowdedge of the baking Inisiness. He commenced busi- 
 ness for himself in Xorth Water Street in 1SS2, and now has a large 
 and nourishing trade. 
 
 He was born in German}' in 1.S53. In 1S70 he came to this coun- 
 rv, and worked at his trade in New ^■ork Citv for several vears. 
 
 EDWIN T. SMITH, Alderman from the J'ourtli Ward, is the 
 second son of Lewis M. Smith, and was born in Newburgh, June 
 22, i860. Upon leaving school he entered the office of the Chadborn 
 & Coldwell Manufacturing Company, where he has ever since re- 
 mained. In 1891 he was elected secretary of the comjiany. 
 
 ..-v^ 
 
 
 HENRY RUDOLPH 
 
 When lie had accumulated sulTieient capital, he started in business at 
 Ke\-port, but lost all he had. Then it was he came to Newburgh, and 
 his career here has been successful and honorable. He is President 
 of the Turn Verein, a member of Leonard Steamer Company, and a 
 .Mason, Odd Fellow and Knight of Honor. 
 
82 
 
 N E \\/ B U H G H . 
 
 I'l^K 
 
 I y 
 
 WM/ 
 
 \f 
 
 •d J, 
 
 
 MONTGOMERY STREET-" HUDSON TERRACE "- LOOKI NS SOUTH FROM BROAD STREET 
 
 LANDER STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM SOUTH STREET 
 
THE CITY WATER WORKS. 
 
 '^■' 
 
 I HE source of the water supply is Wasliinglon Lake, ;i 
 pretty sheet of water three and a thu-d miles from the 
 river, and at an elevation of 276 feet above it, the sup- 
 ply reaching the city by gravitation. It is a natural 
 body, fed by countless internal springs and bv an arti- 
 ficial connection with the Silver Stream. Its waters 
 are clear, tasteless and odorless, as chemical analysis 
 has proven, and need n..) filtering to make them palatable. Bright, 
 pure and fresh, it has furnished the drinking water of the population 
 for nearly forty 3-ears, and a m.ire healthful community than ours does 
 not exist. The lake covers about 140 acres, and has a storage capac- 
 ity of 300,000,000 gallims. 
 
 Its natural outlet for nearly a mile is subterranean. Close by the 
 lake the water tumbles into the "Swallow Hole," the entrance to a 
 natural, rocky underground passage, not to be seen again till it gushes 
 out of the '■ Trout Hole Spring," around which areservoir of masonry 
 has been constructed. From this point the water is conducted in 
 mains into the city. The elTect of the subterranean passage is to pu- 
 rify, and in warm weather t(j cool the water, and altogether it is a re- 
 markable provision of Nature. There is also a main leading directly 
 to the lake, so that the Trout Hole Reservoir may easily be cleaned 
 whenever desirable. The level of the Trout Hole is 44 feet below the 
 lake, and 232 above the river. It is the usual practice to use the water 
 from the Trout Hole in Summer, and directly from the lake at other 
 times. The supply is abundant for all purposes, and by the intervention 
 of water motors it is also used to run light machinery, ilains ex- 
 tend through all the populated streets, and the extension of the w orks 
 keeps pace with the growth of the city. Over 6,000 feet rif iron pipe 
 was laid in iSSS; 7,662 feet in 18S9, and 12,301 feet in 1S90, with all 
 necessarj- valves and hydrants thereon. 
 
 There are in all about 30 miles of water mains, varying in size from 
 4 inches to 24 inches. Xewburghhas about 37 miles of streets within 
 its corporate limits, showing that the diffusion of the water supply is 
 unusually large. 
 
 In 1S83 a high-ser\'ice reservoir was constructed in the northwest- 
 ern part of the city at an elevation of 331 feet above the river, into 
 which water is pumped from the mains. It supplies dwellings in its 
 vicinity. A third reservoir is now building in Downing Park. All are 
 formed of masonry, with cement bottoms, so that they can be kept 
 clean. 
 
 As a protection against tire the water supply is invaluable. In 
 most parts of the city the natural water force is sufficient to throw a 
 stream to the top of ordinary buildings. There arc about three hun- 
 dred fire plugs in the streets. 
 
 The construction of the works was commenced in 1.S53. Prior to 
 that time the Cold Spring, on Clark Street, was the main supply for 
 those who had not wells. The water was taken from a " penstock" 
 in Liberty Street, at Dunlap's brewery, and conducted in logs down 
 Ann, Colden, Water and Smith Streets. These works were construct- 
 ed about 1817, after the village trustees had purchased the Cold 
 Spring from Jonathan Hasbrouck, Eli Hasbrouck, George Gardner 
 and the Mackin heirs for 83,650, In 1821 the trustees purchased, for 
 S450, the Ritchie lots in the vicinity of Graiifl and Third Streets, 
 which were covered by a pond fed by a spring. Logs conducted the 
 water through the streets. Later, an additional source of supply 
 was found on the land of William P. C. Smith, and a reservoir was 
 built there. It was situated on Liberty Street near the residence of 
 the late Rev. Dr. John Johnston. In 1829 the Ritchie lots were sold 
 by the village for 84,715, and tlie pond was tilled up. When Third 
 Street was opened the spring (which was between rjrand and Ldi- 
 erty Streets), was arched over, and its waters now enter the sewer. 
 
 The Cold Spring is still owned by the city. Its outlet flows through 
 St. lieorge's Cemetery. 
 
 The present water works have cost $554,544.79. For the year 
 1S54 water rents amounted to §8,369: in 1890 the receipts were ciliout 
 $40,000. The expenditures last year were: 
 
 Construction and repairs $12,018 8rj 
 
 Pumping and high service 3.3-2 02 
 
 C< )ntingent 6,07398 
 
 Interest on bonds i4.5f'o 00 
 
 Sinking fund 2,000 00 
 
 Reservoir improvements 2,063 02 
 
 Refunded taxes 4^ "" 
 
 $40,078 82 
 
 WILLIAM CHAMBERS superintendent of the Water Works. 
 
 The bonded del)t is $286,000. The \\'ater Board cares for its own 
 debt, and furnishes water very cheaply, far below the average cost 
 in most cities. The fr.llowing is the scale of rates; 
 
 ,, to rSfeet $4-<» 
 
 PI Ir. 22 
 23 t..27 
 28 to 32 
 
 33 t" 37 
 38 to 4= 
 43 to 50 
 
 Uii,- 
 
 -/wo 
 
 Thret' 
 
 Four 
 
 Sforv. 
 
 S/orirs. 
 
 Storu's. 
 
 S/or/os. 
 
 $4.00 
 
 $6.00 
 
 $7.00 
 
 $8.00 
 
 S.oo 
 
 7.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 7.01 > 
 
 t).0(J 
 
 10.00 
 
 1 1. 00 
 
 8.r)o 
 
 Ir ).{)(! 
 
 11.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 1 1. 00 
 
 12.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 13-00 
 
 14.00 
 
 I8j] 
 
84 
 
 N E W B U H C 1 1 
 
 str; 
 
 Special linv rates arc given In iiiamilaclnnes and others using 
 i.iincs, as tile pnlicy 'i( the city is to encourage manufactur- 
 ing li\' every means in its power. 
 
 'I'he lioaiil of Water Commissioners is at present constituted as 
 follows: Robt. lluddelsi^n, President; Tilden II. Wilson, James Mc- 
 Cord, Friend W'. I-'erkins, William H. Smith. William Chambers, 
 Superintendent of Works and Secretary of the Board. The Commis- 
 sioners are elected by the people, and serve fcir a term of five years. 
 They have full control of the works and report annually to the 
 Common Council. The following is a list of citizens who have been 
 members of this I'.oard 
 
 P.. 
 
 II 
 
 . 1S7O-7S 
 . 1S66-71 
 1S72-7S 
 . I S75-80 
 , i,SS5-9i 
 
 Beckman, PI<jrati( 
 
 Clark, George 
 
 Carson, William W. 
 Chapman, Joseph 1 1 
 Crane, James M . . . . 
 
 Doyle, .Michael 1SS3-8S 
 
 Gerard, Franklin 1S71-75 
 
 Gereeke, Frederick W. . . iS79-*>4 
 
 Huddelson, Robert iSSS- 
 
 Kimball, Samuel G i873-77 
 
 Lawson, William C 1S7S-S3 
 
 Leonard, Chancey M . . . . 1869-72 
 Loek\vood, Charles S. . . .1S81-S6 
 Wailler, William O 1877-S2 
 
 McCann, Henry i88o-go 
 
 Moshier, (ieorge 1884-89 
 
 McCord, James 18S7- 
 
 Perkins, Friend W 1891- 
 
 Root, Charles, 1876-79 
 
 Scott, Francis 1S66-71 
 
 Shafer, J. D 1866-69 
 
 Shaw, E. K i'^75-7f'. 1S82-S7 
 
 Smith, Lewis M 1875-76 
 
 Smith, William H 1890- 
 
 .Sterling, Robert 1S68-70 
 
 Townsend, Timothy 1S71-75 
 
 Van Xort, John F 1870-75 
 
 Wilson, Tilden H 1889- 
 
 Wyckoff, William 1869-72 
 
 SI lEKIMl.M'l.Ms or W.MKk WORKS. 
 
 AUard, X. W 1 ^69-70 Miller, William C 1881-90 
 
 Boyntoii, Edward C 1 574-M Rogers, Daniel T 1866 
 
 Clark, Leandcr, jr 1860-6S Royce, Charles B 1870-73 
 
 Chambers, Wilham 1S91- 
 
 WILLIAM CHAMBERS, Superintendent of the Waterworks, was 
 
 born ill Cnunt\- Down, lielaiul. May 15, 1822. His father's name was 
 Samuel, and his mother's, Jane McCord; WilUiam was their first 
 born. When he was but two years old his parents emigrated from 
 Belfast to Xewlnirgh. The lapse of sixty-five years has not eft'aced 
 the niemorv of scenes and events in X'ewburgh in his early childhood, 
 and he can relate many reminiscences of X'ewburgh at that early 
 period in strange contrast with the present times. Mr. Chambers 
 recollects cr(issing the river in 1827 on a ferry horse-boat named the 
 " Caravan," which was jn'opelled Ijy horses; in 1S2S he saw the first 
 steam ferryboats, "Jack Iiowning " and " Pi^st Boy," and in 1S30 
 the first steamboat owned and run frcmi Xewburgh, the " Baltimore." 
 
 His first schooldays were passed at a private school; at that time 
 the public school accommodations were insufficient for the population. 
 In 1S29 the High school was built, and opened for scholars in 1S30; 
 this school was very popular and inviting in its day. It had long 
 been needed, and its capacity was promptly filled. He went to this 
 school from its opening until 1S32, when his school days ended in 
 Newburgh. His parents attended the First Presbvteriau Church, 
 Rev. Dr. J(ilin Johnston, pastor, of which his mother was a member. 
 His father was a canuaii; the \illage archives of 1S32 record the 
 names of Saiiuiel Chambers and five others licensed to do all the 
 carting of the village. Wood was then c.Nclusivelv used in dwellings 
 for fuel; the day of coal and coal stoves had not arrived. The 
 farmer with his load of wood, and the man with btiek and saw. were 
 prominent characters daily seen on the streets. He, like most all 
 sons, inherited his politics from his father, and religious beliefs from 
 his 111. .tiler; early education and impressions were enduring; this is 
 why he is a Republican in politics and a Presbvteriau in religion. 
 When the .\siatie cholera was epidemic in this country, in 1S32, 
 his father was the first victim of the destroyer in Xew burgh; he was 
 attacked in the evening and died the iie\t dav at noon, August 
 28. This bereavement soon made a change for William. It left his 
 mother with live children to care and ])iovide for, and with financial 
 eireumstances inadeipiale to the responsibility. 
 
 W'hen tell years old he went to live with a farmer in the Town of 
 Warwick and learn the art and science of husbandry. In those days 
 to be a farm boy was t.. labor; labor was the rule, leisure the excep- 
 tion, r.ut lie was fortunate in his new hoiiie with strangers; the wife 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 85 
 
 Avas a Christian woman, and treated the lad with the kindness of a 
 mother. On the Sabljath after church, they all read chapters in the 
 Bible, repeated the Lord's prayer, and recited the catechism. The 
 change from village association and influence to farm life, when so 
 young, was by Providence favorably compensated for by a physical 
 and moral development for health and longevity. In 1S46, when 24 
 j-ears of age, he began seriously to anticipate the future, and was in- 
 spired to change for a higher vocation. At that time he was acquaint- 
 ed with a school teacher at Edenville — a popular instructor and Meth- 
 odist exhorter. He was a good Samaritan in word and deed; by his 
 good council and influence llr. Chambers acquired the qualification 
 and commission to become a school teacher, and while his memory 
 lasts will owe him aflfectionate gTatitude. He taught school for three 
 years (1847-49) first in the Town of ^^'awayanda, and next at Salis- 
 bury Mills. January 4, 1849, he married Hannah J. Case, of Waway- 
 anda. After leaving the schoolroom he was clerk for Van Allen & 
 Son, at Salisbury Jlills; the father was postmaster, and the son sta- 
 tion agent for the railroad; they also kept a store and operated a paper 
 mill and a cotton factory. The Newburgh Branch of the Erie 
 Railway commenced running trains to Newburgh January 8, 1850. 
 Through business relations with Newburgh station officials, he re- 
 ceived a clerkship at Newburgh station. He was in the Erie Railway 
 
 service ten years, from 1850 to 1861. The last two years he was sta- 
 tion agent, and then resigned for another change. 
 
 When the "War of the Rebellion" commenced, his two and only 
 brothers, John and James, enlisted in the Union army, and he volun- 
 tarily sent a substitute before drafting began. He accepted a position 
 as bookkeeper with James Bigler, in the lumber and timber and saw 
 mill business, and was with him 18 years, from 1861 to 1878, both as 
 clerk and co-partner. The business was a very large one, and for a 
 terra of years Mr. Chambers' annual salary was five thousand dol- 
 lars. In 1S79 he was elected an Alderman from the Second Ward by 
 257 majority. In 1881-82 he was with J. P. Andrews at Buffalo, who 
 had a contract for masonry with the Delaware & Lackawanna Rail- 
 road Co. in building their road through the city of Buffalo. On his 
 return to Newburgh he was appointed by Postmaster Joseph M. 
 Dickey to be Deputy Postmaster, and served from April i, 1883, to 
 1887. March 9, iSgi, he was appointed by the Board of Water Com- 
 missioners to be Superintendent of the Water Works and Secretary 
 of the Board. Mr. Chambers has three sons and two daughters. His 
 son William C. is Deputy Postmaster, Albert N. is a member of the 
 firm of P. Delany & Co. , proprietors of the Newburgh Steam Boiler 
 Works, and James L. is a book-keeper at Ferry & Napier's hat fac- 
 tory. 
 
 HEALTH 
 
 e^a^s 
 
 HE sanitary affairs of the city are in charge of the Board 
 of Health. It is independent of the control of the 
 Common Council, and has power to enforce the pro- 
 visions of its excellent sanitary code. It has always 
 been a highly intelligent and efficient body. Its mem- 
 bers are appointed by the JIayor. The Health Officer 
 is a salaried physician. The duties of the Board take 
 a wide range, and its work is of inestimable value. Its recommenda- 
 tions to other municipal bodies are invariably followed, and all its 
 acts have the co-operation of the people. 
 
 The sanitary arrangements are as complete as possible, and con- 
 sidered with the naturally healthy situation of the city, we have a 
 combination of favorable conditions. The sloping nature of the land 
 on which the city is built allows thorough sewerage and drainage. 
 It is diflScult for any place to obtain good sewerage if built on land 
 that has a level surface. In such localities sewers may be and are 
 constructed, and if they do their work at all, they do it sluggishly 
 and inefficiently. The great majority, even if not all, epidemics and 
 scourges which sweep off their victims by the hundreds and thousands 
 —often designated ' ' visitations of God "—are attributed to the want 
 of, or imperfect, sewerage. Happily Newburgh is so situated that it 
 needs no artificial means to force running water through its sewers, 
 or to wash its streets and gutters. Nature takes this work upon her- 
 self here, and does it well. There is no stagnant water— neither 
 puddle nor frog pond— anywhere within the limits. 
 
 Neariy all the streets are sewered, with one or more basins at the 
 intersections of streets to collect surface water. The gutters are 
 curbed, sagged and paved. Vaults are not allowed in streets where 
 sewers are, and no poultry nor cows can be harbored. 
 
 Inspections are made whenever nuisances are reported. The Health 
 Officer makes the inspection and reports to the Board of Health. If 
 nuisances exist a notice is served upon the owner or occupant of the 
 premises, ordering him to abate or remove it. If this order is disre- 
 garded the Board makes the abatement and charges all expenses upon 
 the estate. Defective hou.se drainage, cesspools, sources of drinking 
 
 water, and contagious diseases are controlled by the Board; audit 
 also has power to compel those hving near a sewer to connect their 
 drains with it. No house offal is allowed to be thrown into the street. 
 The Street Superintendent's department removes all ashes on stated 
 days of the week. The streets are cleaned by the abutters, the city 
 removing the collected heaps of sweepings. The business streets are 
 cleaned three times a week, and the others twice a week. Garbage 
 is removed by contractors in closed tank-wagons. 
 
 B'or the year 1S87 the whole number of deaths was 363. Of these 
 51 were seventy years old and over, 38 were seventy-five years old 
 and over, 24 were eighty and over, 3 were ninety and over, i was 
 ninety-seven, and one was one hundred and two years old. 
 
 In 1888 the number of deaths was 469 (22 being by violence). Of 
 these, 61 were seventy years old and over, 44 were seventy-five and 
 over, and 33 A\-erc eighty and over. 
 
 In 1889 there were 474 deaths, including those by violence. Of 
 these, 73 were seventy years old and over, 46 were seventy-five and 
 over, 20 were eighty and over, 10 were eighty-five and over, i was 
 ninety-three, and i was ninety-four. 
 
 The country about Newburgh is a great health resort, and harbors 
 thousands of boarders m Summer. Many gentlemen who have re- 
 tired from business elsewhere have come to this beautiful and health- 
 ful place to spend their declining j'ears, ^^'hilc others doing business 
 in New York have their country seats here. 
 
 N. P. Willis, in the introductory chapter to *' Out-doors at Idle- 
 wild," (1855) says: 
 
 " To many the most essential charm of Highland Terrace, how- 
 ever (as a rural residence in connection with life in New York), will 
 be the fact that it is the nearest accessible point of complete inland 
 climate. Medical science tells us that nothing is more salutary than 
 change from the seaboard to the interior, or from the interior' to the 
 seaboard; and between these two climates the ridge of mountains at 
 West Point is the first effectual separation. 
 
 " The raw winds of the coast, so unfavorable to some constitu- 
 tions, are stopped by this wall of cloud-touching peaks, and, with the 
 rapid facilities of communication between salt and fresh air, the bal- 
 ance can be adjusted without trouble or inconvenience, and as much 
 
86 
 
 N E W B U K G H 
 
 taken of cither as is fmind healthful or pleasant. The trial of elinuUe 
 which the writer has made for a long- summer, in the ncii;'hliorhoc«l 
 of these mountainous hidiny-places of electricity, lh<' improvement ol 
 health in his own family, and the testimony of many friends who have 
 made the same experiment, warrant him in commending it as a ]K'- 
 culiarly salutary and invignrating air." Then, addi'cssing a certain 
 class, he adds: 
 
 " For those wlm have their time in sonic degree at their own dis- 
 posal — who have competent means (jf luxurious independence — who 
 have rural tastes and mctropulitan refinements rationally blended — 
 who have families which thev wish to surround with the healthful 
 and elegant belongings of a Inime. while at the same time they wish 
 to keep pace with the world, and enjoy what is properly and onl)' en- 
 jovable in the stir 4"if cities — for this class, the class as we ha\'e said 
 before of leisure, refinement and luxury — modern and receni changes 
 are preparing a new the(iry of what is enjoyable in life. It is a mix- 
 ture of city and country, wuh a home in the country. j\nd the spot 
 with the most advantages for the first American trial of this new com- 
 bination, is, we venture confidently to record, the Highland Terrace, 
 encircled in the extended arm of the mountains above West Point." 
 
 The Board of Health is at present constituted as follows: Mayor 
 Jlichael Dojde, President tw-officio; Chas, H. Doughty, *\Villiam C. 
 Lawson, Charles Mapes, Samuel C. Mills. John Deyo, il. D., William 
 T.Hilton. James Gordon, M. D., Health Officer; D. J. Coutant, 
 Clerk. 
 
 The following citizens ha\'c been member of the Hoard of Ilcallh: 
 
 Cameron, William F. . . .iSS2-Sy Kimball, Samuel (I KS67-68 
 
 Carson, William W 1SS2-S7 Lawson, William C 1890-91 
 
 Comstoek, Stephen S., M. D.1S66 Lockwood, D. S TSS7-91 
 
 Church, Samuel P., JI. D.1S6S-69 Mapes, Charles. . ,.1878-82, 1881-91 
 
 Callahan, W. H. 1S73-78, 1SS2-S3 Marsh. Edward J. F 1SS3-85 
 
 Crissey, Gilbert R 1881-82 McCann, Alex part of 1873 
 
 Decker, Charles X 1S67-69 Mills, Samuel C 1889-91 
 
 Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D . . 1871-80 Jlofifat, David H 1866-67 
 
 Deyo, John, M. D 1882-91 Schoonmaker, John 1S85-88 
 
 Doughty, Charles H 1890-91 Scott, Francis 1867-68 
 
 Garner, Henrv 1888-90 Smith. Lewis M 1880-Si 
 
 Heard, John S., M. D. . . 1S67-83 Ticc, Charles W 1S69-70 
 
 Hilton, William T 1891- Townsend, William 1869-89 
 
 Jones, Hiram A 1S66-67 Van Nort, John K 1869-72 
 
 lli:.\LTII oFFIChRs. 
 
 Devo, John, M. D 1S80-82 Montf.jrt, k. V. K.. .M. 1).. 1866-69 
 
 Fenton, John W., M. D.. 1870-71 Stone, AL C. .M. D 1S78-80 
 
 Gordon, James, M. D. 1872-76,1882-91 
 Health Officer in 1891, James fiordon, il. I-'. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 The number of physicians in the city is thirty-five, as follows: A. 
 E. Adams, Peter M. Barclay, James G. Birch, Elman H. Borst, Miss 
 Sarah A. Clock, F. S. Cole, John Deyo, Agnes R. Dickson. Smith 
 Ely, Gustav flartzmann, W. Stanton (ileason, James Gordon, L(.uis 
 E. Hanmore, Louis A. Harris, J'lhn T. Howell, I'rank A. lacob- 
 son, WiUiam Jones, A. \'. Jova, R. J. Kingston, |osc])h Kittel, [. 1). 
 Malone, Jerome A. Maubey, John J. Mitchell, R. \'. K. .Montfc.rt, 
 Henry F. Xichols, James E. D'Malley. L. (i. Roljcrts. M. C. Stone, 
 Senan L. Sweeney, S. F. Teed, Thomas L. Ward, L. V. \\'iggins, 
 Henry Wilson, H, K. Winans, C. \, Woolley. 
 
 "^SNS 
 
 DR. ELIAS PECK was descended from William Peck, one of the 
 founders of the New Haven colony in the Spring of 103S. With his 
 wife, Ehzabeth, and his son Jeremiah, William emigrated from 
 En,gland to this country, with Governor Eaton, Rev. John I )a\'en- 
 port and others, in the ship Hector, arriving at Boston fnjm London 
 June 26, 1637. 1 'r. Peck's ancestors continued to reside in Xcw 
 En.gland until the year 1804, when his father, Abraham Peck, and 
 Anna, his wife, migrated from Greenwich, Conn, (which hail been 
 their home for several generations), to Warwick, Orange Count\-, 
 N. v., and purchased what is now known as the Benedict Farm, 
 on which Elias was born in 1806. 
 
 At the age of 12 his parents removed to Kentuck\', and his bovh<iod 
 from that period was spent in that State. ,Soon after arriving 
 an epidemic, known locally as milk sickness, jjrcvailefl and both par- 
 ents contracted the malad)' and died. At this cailv age (14 years) 
 Elias was thrown on his own resources. lie succeeded in sccurin"- 
 the educational advantages that the common schools and acailemy af- 
 
 *Dic-d July 27, i8r,i. 
 
 forded, and commenced reading medicine with iJr. Beach, of New 
 N'ork at the a.gc ui 20. He received his medical education at the Col- 
 lt"c of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York City, and settled in 
 Ncwliurgli m 1S33. 
 
 In the same year he married Catherine I. Millard, of New York 
 City, and his long life of usefulness is well known by the older New- 
 Ijurghcrs. His efforts were expended in relieving suffering, and the 
 poor of this eitv ever found in him a friend whose best years were 
 
 ELIAS PECK. M 
 
 spent in prr)moting their welfare. After a successful life, measured 
 by 32 years of active professional work, he died in Julv, 1865. Three 
 children survive him: Thomas M. and John E.. of Grand Rapids, 
 .Mich., and Catherine A., of New York Citv. 
 
 WILLIAM A. M. CULBERT, M. D., was born m New York 
 City Xoveinbcr 4, i.~jj, where during his earlier years he resided. 
 His father, John Culbert, settled in New York soon after the Revolu- 
 tion, and for almost half a century was engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits. 1 ir. Culbert was a graduate of both the Academic and Medi- 
 cal Departments of the University of the City of New York, and 
 pursued a post-gi'aduate course in the former, after receiving his 
 degree of B. A., and entered the latter from the office of his precep- 
 tor. Dr. Valentine Alott, then the most noted surgeon ill the world 
 and Professor of Surgery in the University. Dr. Culbert, early in 
 his i)rofessional life, espoused the principles of homoeopathy, and 
 settled in practice in Newburgh in the Fall of 1847, where he remain- 
 ed until his death. 
 
 Ciirefully educated, possessed of an unusually clear and logical 
 mind, lull\ alive to every advance in his profession and allowing no 
 one dogma to f(,ttcr his judgment — he was a physician in the broad- 
 est sense of the term. Ever true to the interests of his patients. Dr. 
 Culbert soon won and maintained to the time of his death the repu- 
 tation of an accurate diagnostician, an independent thinker and an un- 
 usually practical and successful prescribcr. 
 
 Dr. Culbert was married October 12, 1852, to Miss Henrietta, 
 daughter of Robert and Louisa A. Powell, and grand-daughter 
 of Thomas Powell, who was then in the enjoyment of a vigorous 
 old age. 
 
 Besides occupying the position of an intelligent and successful 
 physician in the community in which he passed so many years of his 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 8/ 
 
 life, Dr. Culbert was also recognized as a leading citizen, perform- 
 ing in a plain, modest, dignified and com-teous manner the various 
 social duties that devolved upon him. 
 
 His patient, earnest effort in the interest nf liealtli, his devotion 
 to the suffering, his rare good judgment which seldom failed in 
 
 effecting prompt relief, his gentleness, his honesty— all these (lualities 
 endeared him in the hearts of many until he ceaserl to be looked 
 upon as a physician merely upon duty bent, and was held in esteem 
 as a friend. This place which he won, this honor in which he 
 was held, this solicitude which the whole city expressed during his 
 illness, are so many evidences that he possessed a rare quality of 
 manhood. Besides his widow he left one son, Francis Ramsdell. 
 Dr. Culbert died November lo, i8</j. 
 
 NATHANIEL DEYO, M. D. The result of the revocation of the 
 Edict of Xantes by Louis XIV of France, was that rather than con- 
 form to the established religion, four hundred thousand Protestants — 
 among the most industrious, the most intelligent, and the most rehg- 
 ious of the nation, quitted France and took refuge in Holland, Eng- 
 land and America, while the persecution, which preceded the revoca- 
 tion led many to anticipate the event by leaving the country. Among 
 the latter class were Louis du Bois, Cliristian Doyau, .\braham Has- 
 broug, Andre le Febvre, Jean Hasljrouc;, Pierre Doyau, Louis Be- 
 viere, Anthoine Crispel, Abraham du Bois, Hugo Frere, Isaac du Bois 
 and Simon le Febvre, who, escaping from France to Holland, and 
 thence coming to America located in the Summer of i<i~- in tlic ]irov- 
 ince of X'ew York, on a tract of 36,000 acres, in what is now tlic County 
 of Ulster, to which they gave the name of X'ew Paltz, by which it is 
 still known. 
 
 Multiplying in their new home their children went forth to fouml 
 others, permeating the social life and indoctrinating the religious sen- 
 timent of settlements around them — sending their sons into the coun- 
 cils of the .State and to the battle-fields of the Nation in all its stages 
 of development and perpetuation. Interesting and valuable as would 
 
 be the study cf this multiplication and dispersion, whicli has now cov- 
 ered a period ol over two hundred \ears, our purpose is to note simp- 
 ly the career of a single member of one of its branches— that of Na- 
 thaniel Dcyo, a lineal descendant of Christian Doyau, whose life-work 
 was performed, as was that of many other descendants of the ancient 
 refugees of New Paltz, as a citizen of Newburgh. 
 
 Nathaniel Deyo was born in that portion of the Paltz now called 
 Gardiner, Ulster County, May 14, 1.S17. His father, Jonathan D. 
 Deyo, was a farmer. His mother, Mary Hardenbergh Deyo, was a 
 DcWitt, niece <jf Simcn DeWitt, Geographer of the Army of the 
 Revolution, and also of Mary DeWitt, the wife of General James 
 Clinton, the mother of DeWitt Clinton. After finishing an academic 
 course at the Jlontgomery Academy, he commenced the study of 
 medicine willi Dr. Daniel N. Dcyo, at New Paltz; subsequently con- 
 tinued his studies with Dr. Peter .Millspaugh, of iMontgomery, and 
 matriculated at Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, receiving 
 his degree from that institution in 1.S3.S. 
 
 Dr. Deyo began the practice of his profession at Marlborough, 
 Ulster Cciunty, and continued there until 1,843. During the Winter 
 of 1.S43-44 lie attended lectures witliin the venerable walls of his 
 A/iiia Mith-r, at Philadelphia, and on his return to his native State 
 located at Xewliurgh, where he continued practice until his last ill- 
 ness. He died January 21, iSSi. 
 
 His career as a physician was i.f the most successful character, 
 his practice including a very large number of our most substantial 
 citizens, which, taxing his physical energies to the utmost, no doubt 
 hastened his death. His professional attainments ga\-e him the con- 
 fidence of the community, and his fellow physicians consulted him 
 with great frequency in diflicult cases. \X'Mi these attainments he 
 possessed a genial disposition and a ready tact, which made his pres- 
 ence welcome in tlic sick roi.m, and endcareil him to a large circle of 
 friends. 
 
 NATHANIEL DEYO, M D, 
 
 Dr. Devo was a member nf the < )ran^e County Medical Society, 
 and also of the Board of Health nf the City of Newburgh from 1870 
 to 1871J, and was one of the founders and the Ih'st President of Cedar 
 Hill Cemetery. He married in 1.S40 Aliss Cornelia Bruyn DuBois, 
 
88 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 daughter of Louis DuRois, aud granil-daughtor i>( Colnuel Lniiis 
 DuBois of the 5th New \,>rk Continental Regnnenl of tliu Revolu- 
 tionary Army. Colonel DuBois was a delegate to the I'mvineial 
 Congress of New York in 1775, and also a delegate lo the I'rovineial 
 Congi-ess whieh met later in the same \ear. 
 
 The surviving ehildren of Dr. Xathaniul I >evo and Cnmelia I'.ruyn 
 DuBois, his wife, are Evelina, wife of .M. C. ISelknap; Kol)ert Iv., 
 Nathaniel 1 lullois, John \'an Zandl and C.inielia .\., wife nf I 1. D. 
 Sherman. 
 
 LEWIS YOUNG WIGGINS was horn June 1, 1S25, near otis- 
 ville. Orange County, N. Y. His grandfather, ^^'illiam, emigrated 
 from the north nl Ireland and resided first al Hempstead, L. I., and 
 afterwards in the 'I'ciwn of New Windsor, where his son .Stephen was 
 born. When Stephen reaehed nianh 1 he and his father jointlv pur- 
 
 
 L. Y, WIGGUJS, M. D. 
 
 chased a large farm lying south of Otisvdle, and moved thereto. 
 Stephen married Olive Jillett, of Otisville, daughter of a Freneh Hu- 
 guenot; Lewis Young Wiggins was a ehild of that union. When he 
 was a lad of five his parents moved to a farm in the Town of New- 
 burgh opposite the Middlehope JI. E. Chureh, remaining there two 
 years; during whieh time Lewis attended school at Halmville. Then 
 returning with the family to the old farm near Otisville he attended 
 school there till he was fifteen, and then taught the same school him- 
 self for one term in tlic Summer. The following Winter lie became 
 a pupil a,gain, but the next year he taught in the Town of Minisink, 
 and subsequently in the Town of Wallkill, then again at Otisville and 
 last a school near Bloomingburgh. In the meantime he luid begun 
 to read medicine in the evenings m the office of Dr. Cook, of (His- 
 ville, and in the Winter of 1843-44 he attended the lectures at the Al- 
 bany Medical College. Being dependent solely upon his own endeav- 
 ors for the means of acquiring his professional education, the follow- 
 ing Summer found him again teaching school in the day time and 
 studying medicine under Dr. Cook's oversight at night. The next 
 Winter (1844-45) he entered the medical department of the I'nivcrsitv 
 of the City of New York, and the next Summer taught school in tjia't 
 city and also studied under the preceptorship of Dr. Valentine Jlott, 
 
 the leading surgeon of his time. The following Winter he again at- 
 tended Ihc medical college, anil recei\-ed his diploma in 1846, when he 
 liad airivcd at the age of 2]. I)r. Wiggins, however, continued his 
 studies at the hoS])itals, and to(,k up his permanent residence in New 
 N'ork. He opened an oflice at llie corner of Wooster and Houston 
 Streets, ami liad a drug store ill connection therewith. While he 
 continued in .\ew ^■ol■k Dr. Wiggins' relations with Dr. Mott and his 
 son-in-law, I 'r, \'an I'uircii, were very intimate, and most of their 
 night calls were tiirneil over to him. Tlie instruction and encourage- • 
 nicnt lie rcccivcil from these eminent men were of priceless value. 
 
 In 1 ^47 1 '1, Wiggins married Mary Cornell, of New York, the sis- 
 ter of J. 11. and W. W. Cornell, the well-known iron men. Ilis resi- 
 dence in Xewliurgli lic.gan in 1855, when he opened an office and drug- 
 store in Coldcn Street. He immediately acquired a high standing in 
 tlie prol'essioii, having great repute for surgical ability. Dr. George 
 Brown, who then had the largest practice in the city, employed him 
 in one hundred and sixty cases to perform ditTieult operations in ehild- 
 l)irth. During the fort)'-five years he has been a physician he has al- 
 ways done the best he could for suffering humanity, and how many 
 of the first accents of the living and the last farewells of the dying 
 have fallen upon his ear! Between ten and eleven thousand infants 
 have passed through his hands into this breathing world. He has 
 been indefatigable in his devotion to the interests of his patients and 
 skillful in the treatment of complicated diseases; sympathetic with 
 the sulfering, his aid has been given as willingly tfj the penniless as 
 to those abundantly able to compensate him. For thirty-two years 
 he was the physician to the Alms House, and an esteemed advisor of 
 the Board; and since the completion of the West Shore Railroad he 
 has lieen the resident surgeon. As a citizen he has large property 
 interests and has concerned himself in whatever was for the munici- 
 pal advantage, not holding aloof from his fellows nor confining him- 
 
 JOHN J. MITCHELL, M, 0. 
 
 self exclusively to his professional Held; his interest grasps every 
 worthy topic of the day, and his cheery greetings and bright conver- 
 sations ;ire the characteristics of a man of simple manners and com- 
 prehensive mind. His first wife liaving dicil, Dr. Wiggins married 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 89 
 
 Mary E. Olmstead, of Dela^vare County, bv whom Ik' Ikis two sons 
 Dr. Levi O. and Charles L., botli ,,f wh.,,,, have adopt,.,! iheiv father's 
 profession. 
 
 SMITH ELY, M. D., Is the son of Moses and Eliza (Coleman) Ely 
 and has been a resident of Xewburgh sinee he was nine vears old, at 
 which time his parents moved fn.m '\Vashin;.;-t,,iiville, ( )rang-e County. 
 where he was burn. After having K'-aduaterl at the ordinary 
 establishments of intermediate education, lie entered the French 
 institute of Prof. Alzamora. and afterwards studied medicine 
 first in the office of Dr. Charles Drake, and subsequentlv at the Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons m New York City, and at the Ver- 
 mont Jledical College. After graduating he became one of the resi- 
 dent physicians at the Emigrants' H.jspital, Ward's Island, X. V.. 
 
 and afterward made several 
 
 voyages as surge. 
 
 m the steamer 
 
 Franklin between New York and Havre. In further pursuance of his 
 studies he passed two winters in the schools and h<ispitals of L.indon 
 and Paris. Thus equipped he finally settled in partnership with his 
 former preceptor. Dr. Drake, of Xewburgh. and ever since he has 
 had a large and most successful practice. lie is devoted to his pro- 
 fession, and is recognized as skillful in the diagnosis and treatment 
 
 SMITH ELY, M D 
 
 of diseases and as a surgeon of high standing. Dr. Ely was a mem- 
 ber of the Board of Education from 1876 to 1880. He is now a mem- 
 ber of the X'ew York State Medical Society and of the Orange County 
 Medical Society. He married Gertrude, daughter of Charles W, 
 Hardy, of Portsmouth, X. H., in T870. 
 
 JOHN JAMES MITCHELL, M. D., is the son r,f the Rev. John 
 .Sheffield Mitchell, D. I)., of lilock Island, K. I., and Alice Trask, 
 of Exeter, X. Y. He was born at Cortlandville, X. Y.. July 8, 1S34. 
 The family is of Puritan ancestry. His father was a direct descendant 
 of Thomas Mitchell, who settled in Block Island, R. I., and bought 
 one-fourth of one original share of the Island in 1677. This 
 
 Thomas Mitchell was the eldest son of E.Nperience .Mitchell, who 
 came to America in 1623 in the ship Ann, which was the second 
 boat to arrive at the Plymouth Colony after the Mayflower, which 
 came in 1620. His 
 grandmother, Ruth 
 SheHield, was di- 
 rectly related to 
 John Shenield, 
 I Kike of Bucking- 
 ham and Earl of 
 Mulgrave, of Eng- 
 land, whose tomb 
 occupies a promi- 
 nent position in 
 Westminster Alj- 
 bey. Dr. J,)hu J. 
 Mitchell spent eight 
 years of his early 
 life in Baltimcjre, 
 Md. Had his pre- 
 liminary education 
 there, and in Xew 
 York and Xew 
 Haven, Conn. Be- 
 gan the study of 
 medicine with Dr. 
 C. C. Foote, of 
 Xew Haven. En- 
 tered the X e w 
 York Jledical Col- 
 lege in 1S54, and 
 was there under 
 the instruction o 
 
 JAMES GORDON, 
 
 - ■•- -" Drs. Fordyce Barker, E. R. Pcaslee, J. 
 
 Murray Carnochan, (_)gden Doremus and otliers, and graduated 
 in 1S57. Received the appointment of city physician for the 
 Eastern District of Brooklyn after his graduation, which he re- 
 tained until his removal to Xew Yoik City in 1859. Settled in 50th 
 Street near Beekman Hill. He married, in June. 181.3, Bhilena B., 
 daughter of Nor- 
 man Rose, Esq., of 
 Schuyler's Lake, 
 six miles from 
 Richfield Springs, 
 X. Y. Dr. Mitchell 
 occupied the chair 
 of chemistry in the 
 New York Htjm- 
 fEopathie Medical 
 College for .several 
 years, until his re- 
 moval to Xew- 
 burgh in iSOij. In 
 1S83 he was elect- 
 ed Pre si den t of 
 the Horaceopathic 
 Medical Society of 
 the State of New 
 York, and deliver- 
 ed the annual ad- 
 dress before that 
 body in llie eapitol 
 at y\]bany, Febru- 
 ary 13, 1SS3. He 
 hits two children, 
 E cigar ( )r m s by, 
 born in New ^'ork 
 Cilw educated at 
 Phillips (Exeter) Academy and Harvard University, and a graduate 
 of Harvard Medical College in 1 So 1 ; and Marion Mitchell, who was 
 born in Newburgh. 
 
 J, D. MALONE, 
 
 PHOTO. BY MAP6S. 
 
90 
 
 N E W B U K Cj H 
 
 DR. JAMES GORDON, wh.. has faithfully served r.iir cit\ in the 
 eapacitvnf Ikaltli i Jnieei' fnr alnnit fifteen years, was Imrn ill the 
 North of Ireland, m the Town nt Ilillsbcrnn^^h, within ten nnles <.f 
 Belfast. He came to this eity in 1S57, hefi.re he had reaehed his ma- 
 jority, for the purpcise uf visilin;.;- fiiends; luit he afterwards enn- 
 cluded to remain here. Fcir a time he atteiideil the Newdiuri^h 
 Academy, and subsequently pursued a eour.se of study at I'urt I'.d- 
 ward Institute, in this State. After eompletin.v; this eourse he tan;;hl 
 in public schools in New Jersey for two years. During the second 
 year he took up the study of medicine, under Dr. Chatties, at I-on^ 
 Branch, New Jersey. He attended lectures at the JelTcrsun Medical 
 College, of Philadelphia, and graduated from that institution in isoo. 
 After graduatKin he located in Newburgh in 1.S07, and has been en- 
 gaged in the practice of his profession in this eity ever since, except 
 for a period of about six months iluring the Winter of 1 so; and S))ring 
 of 1S6.S, while on a tour in the Old World spent mostly in visiting 
 celebrated hospitals. 
 
 Dr. Gordon was brought up in the established or English Church, 
 and from childhood was associated with the Sunday schools and 
 church work in his native land. Wlien he caiiie to Xewluirgh he was 
 received into membership in St. George's Church by letter. His mem- 
 bership with St. George's continued until St. Paul's Parish was found- 
 ed, when he transferred his membership to that church, where he 
 still belongs. He has been a member of the Vestry of this church, 
 serving continuously since iSyj;. 
 
 Dr. Gordon was one of the organizers of the Knights of Honor and 
 Knights of Pythias in this eity, and has also been a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity for about twenty years. He has been an ex- 
 amining surgeon for pensions for the United States Government since 
 
 i.SO.S, and still holds that position. In 1S72 he was app..intcd Health 
 ( liriccr for this eity, and served till 1877. He was appointed again in 
 iSS2,and has served until the present time. As Health Officer he has 
 al\va\s been dcc])lv inlercsted in every measure that would result in 
 the saiiitarv- wcll-licing of the city and in the suppression of nuisances 
 of c\erv kind. Particularly has he taken an active interest in the 
 Imildingof sewers, and the abolishing of vaults and introducing of 
 saiiitarv closets in the houses. 
 
 He married Nettie W. Johnston, of Washington, New Jersey, in 
 1.S72, and has one son and three daughters. 
 
 NSSS 
 
 JOHN DUHIG MALONE, M. D., was born at Limerick, Ireland, 
 
 November s, 1041. At the age of ten he entered St. Munchin's 
 College, Limerick, where he received his literary and classical edu- 
 cation, and was graduated at the age of seventeen. His medical 
 education was received at the Queen's University, Ireland, and at 
 the hospitals in Dublin, Cork and Limerick. In the early part of 1863 
 he came to the United States, and shortly after was appointed Acting 
 Assistant Surgeon in the United States Navy. He served in the At- 
 lantic and (Julf fleets, and was in special service on the Canadian 
 coast. In 1.S67, while on a leave of absence, he received the diploma 
 of M. D. from Dartmouth College. In 1S6S he was honorably dis- 
 charged from the navy, and commenced the practice of medicine and 
 surgery in Newburgh. In 1.S72 he married the daughter of the late 
 Thomas Ryan. She died the following year, leaving a daughter. 
 The doctor continues faithfully and skillfully to discharge the duties 
 of a large practice, but oecasiimally, in the Summer months, finds 
 rest and recreation in a trip to Europe. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF R J KINGSTON, M D - IS5 Grand Stroe 
 
THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 HE L-itizens of Xewburgh are an exceedintjlv (.rderly 
 and law-abiding people. The Palatines and their sue- 
 cessnrs left us a heritage of morality and decorum 
 that have been eharaeteristic uf the city till this da\-. 
 The sentiment of the community frowns upon all un- 
 seemly conduct — drunkenness, disorder, blasphemy 
 and lawlessness; we respect life and property and re- 
 member the Sabbath day. The normal tone of the municipality is 
 on a high moral standard. Crime is not unknown here, but it is ex- 
 ceptional; usually peace and decency reign. 
 Order is preserved by a model police 
 force. The same prudence, prescience and 
 liberalit}' manifested in other departments 
 of municipal government are exemplified 
 here. The force consists of twentv-two ath- 
 letic men — a marshal, two sergeants, two 
 roundsmen, sixteen patrolmen and a janitor. 
 The headquarters are in First Street, in a 
 three-stor\" building apportioned into a 
 court room, sitting room, office, .sleeping 
 rooms and cells. The force is divided into 
 two rehefs, which are alternately si.x hours 
 off and six hours on duty during the 
 twenty-four. In reality a policeman is al- 
 ways on duty, for when not patrolling his 
 beat he is at Headquarters, ready to re- 
 spond to any call. They are liberally paid, 
 neatly uniformed, and strict discipline is 
 enforced. The company is thoroughly drill- 
 ed, and when at the head of a procession iii ■ 
 line of military can march better than our 
 policemen. They are brave, courteous and 
 faithful, the terrors of evil-doers and ad- 
 miration of peaceable citizens. Besides 
 guarding our homes and persons, by day 
 and by ni.ght, they perform many other 
 public ser\-ices. A considerable number of james h sar' 
 
 night watchmen, regularly commissioned, 
 
 and, though not all uniformed, possessing the powers of regular jio- 
 licemen, are also a great pjroteetion to property and help to the de- 
 partment. 
 
 The department is now constituted as follows: 
 
 .\I.\KSH.\I.. 
 
 JAMES II. SARVIS. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Eugene Moore. 
 
 KOINDSMEN. 
 
 William E. Hannan. 
 
 I'ATROLMEN. 
 
 Sergeant Moore's Relief. 
 
 John Koch, 
 Thomas R. Dcpuv, 
 Thomas W. McEntyrc, 
 Charles Barton, 
 Patrick J. Glynn, 
 William Rhynders. 
 Watson Jerome, 
 John J. Darragh. 
 
 Janitor — George Robinson. 
 
 M-\KSHAI..S. 
 
 Morgan, Alexander 18(16-69 Forsyth, J<ihn W 1S74 
 
 Goodrich, Alfred 1S70-71 Bancroft, Robert C 1S75-S6 
 
 Chase, James T 1872-73 Sarvis, James H 1S87-91 
 
 James Maher, 
 Samuel Lozier, 
 
 Sergeant Matter's Relief. 
 John Powers, 
 John McCracken. 
 Rensselaer Ward, 
 William J. Henderson, 
 John Convngham, 
 Michael ]'. Oulton, 
 Alanson O. Topping, 
 Christopher Miles, 
 Clark B. Galatian, Special Police, Washington's Headquarters. 
 
 JAMES H. SARVIS, Chief of Police, came of a family long 
 settled in the Town of Newburgh. His grandfather, John Sarvis, came 
 from New Jersey before the present century 
 and cleared up a farm at Fostertown; he 
 lived 94 )-ears. William Sarvis, the father 
 of the Chief, was born and reared on the 
 farm, and there also James II. was born 
 May 4, 1S41.1. His parents moved to Xew- 
 burgh when he was about three years old. 
 When he came of proper age he was sent to 
 the Clinton Street school and afterwards to 
 the High School. In 1855 he shipped on a 
 sailing vessel that plied between Newburgh 
 and Albany, and afterwards was on various 
 sea-going vessels in the coasting trade. He 
 became an expert seaman and navigator 
 and was promoted to first mate and captain. 
 In 1S62 he was captain of the John R. 
 Brick, a Hudson River sailing vessel, which 
 position he relinquished in July of that year, 
 and volunteered to go to the war with 
 the Xineteenth Regiment. He served 
 with it during its three months' ser- 
 vice. He went out as a private but af- 
 terward was elected corporal. In 18(13 
 he engaged with Benjamin B. Odell in 
 the ice business, and continued with 
 him as Superintendent till the Spring 
 of 1SS7, when he was appointed by 
 Jlayor Odell to the command of the 
 department of police. When the Seven- 
 teenth Battalion of the National Guard was organized he became 
 a member of Company E, and was elected corporal. He won the 
 prize for the best marksman in the battalion, and was a mem- 
 ber of the liattalion team of marksmen which won the cham- 
 pionship of the lingude. An ardent Republican, he was for 
 many years an efficient worker in behalf of the local part^•, and for 
 about twenty years a member of ward committees. He was com- 
 plimented with the nomination for Supervisor of the First Ward, 
 and in 1885 elected to the Board of Alms House Commissioners. 
 'In taking command of the ])olice force he at once took measures 
 to increase its efficicncv; and during his administration it has 
 been strengthened in numbers, and its discipline and svsteni 
 greatly improved. In iSS^i, by act of the Legislature, the salaries 
 were increased. Marshal Sarvis is a good officer, prompt in de- 
 tecting criminals, ami rigid in enforcing law and order. He 
 has been married twice; his (irst wife was Susan, daughter of 
 Levi Vredenburgh, <if Newburgh, who ili^'d in 18(4, leaving 
 four children; his piX'Sent wife is I'lora i\l., ilaughtcr of Samuel 
 Bennett, of West Virginia, who has had three children. 
 
 PHOTO. BY 
 
 'IS— Chief of Police. 
 
BREWSTER HOOK AND LADDER CO NO, I Br.,,Hlwiv n.jr Grjnrt St. 
 
 mmim't mm am^iimMiih^n^uti 
 
 COLUMBIAN HOSE CO, NO, 2, and LAWSON HOSE CO., NO. 5. 
 
 Monti^omery Street, corner of SeconrJ Street. 
 
 RINGGOLD HOSE COMPANY NO. I.— 63 Colden Stt 
 
 CHAPMAN HOSE COMPANY, NO. 4 138 South Street. 
 
THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 c^ 
 
 HE Xewburgh vciluntCL-r fire departiiK'Ht is oiu- of Uiu 
 eldest in the State ..f New V,,rl;. It luis ever been 
 eonspicuous beeause >>f its elTieieney. Its unrewarded 
 serviee has been performed with sldll and heroism, 
 that have been of inestimable benefit to tlie eity, as 
 well as having brought h. .n. ir t. . the members. From 
 its earliest days, nearly one hundred )ears ago, and all 
 through the years until now, the registry of the department has had 
 enrolled on its pages men who have obtained honcjred places in busi- 
 ness, the professions and in official service. Being composed of men 
 of good character, in love with the service, prompt in answering 
 duty's call, and careful in their government, the department has right- 
 ly won the admiration of the community. 
 
 The record of the department speaks for itself, it is not <inlv one 
 of the oldest, but it has not its superior among the volunteer depart- 
 ments of the State. The confidence born of this efficient service is 
 manifested in the attitude of the insurance companies, and the low 
 rates on which risks are taken on pnjperty within the limits of the 
 city. 
 
 The present department consists of three steam hre engine com- 
 panies, five hose companies and one h<iok and ladder company, 
 namely: Brewster Hook and Ladder Company No. i, C. M. Leonard 
 Steamer Company Xo. 2, Highland Steamer Company No. 3, Wash- 
 ington Steamer Company No. 4, Ringgold Hose Company N(j. i, 
 Columbian Hose Company No. 2, Washington Heights Hose Com- 
 pany No. 3, Chapman Hose Companv No. 4, Lawson Hose Company 
 No.'s. 
 
 
 STARTING FOR 
 
 The membership of the department consists of ..ne chief engineer, 
 three assistant chief engineers; seventy-five members of each engine 
 companv. seventy-five memliers of the hook and ladder eom]ianv. 
 
 and Hftv of each hose company, making a total force of five hundred 
 and fifty. 
 
 The engines are drawn fiy horses and have liose carts attached. 
 The alarms are sounded by means of the Camewell electric system, 
 and are struck on the Union Church bell, the First Presbyterian 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF OLD Tl MES.-Holding a Hydrant until the Boys Arrive, 
 
 Church bell, in the houses of the companies, at police headquarters 
 and at the residence of the chief engineer. The bi ixes are located in 
 all sections of the city. The system was adopted in iSSy. The tele- 
 phone has also been of service to the department. There are 276 fire 
 plugs. The force of water, as has been stated, is sufficient for fire 
 protection in most parts of the, city without the intervention of the 
 engines. The engine houses :ire all fine structures, and complete in 
 their appointments. Each company has its jiarlors handsomelv fur- 
 nished. They are scenes of many social gatherings. 
 
 The Fire Department Fund is managed by representatives from 
 the fire companies. The fund is derived from the receipts of foreign 
 insurance companies for the benefit of local ^^ ■ lepartments, and 
 from the interest of such ]iortion of the fund as may be invested. It 
 is appropriated for tlie reliel' of disabled lireiiieii ami their families. 
 It amounts to about $20,000. 
 
 The Legislative act providing lor Uiv organization of a fire depart- 
 ment in the Village of Newbuigh was ])asscd March 24, 1707, three 
 years before the village was incorporated. The AVzt'/' ///■;' // Packet 
 — the first iicwsiiaper ])riiited in the \-illage — in its issue of February 
 20, 171J5, gives an account of a fire in the store of John McAuley and 
 urges the necessity of having an " engine in town. ' This suggestion 
 was probably soon after followed, for before the ])assage of the act, 
 the citizens had already jiiirchascd an engine. The act s]iecificd two 
 classes of liremeii, " one t" have the care, managemeiu, working and 
 
 [v3i 
 
94 
 
 N H W B U H G H 
 
 using of the eiiyine //(Tt'/ri'rviA'i/," the ullicr elass llie liiiekct liri- 
 gadc, of which every lioiise-liolder was a iiienilier. The engine was 
 probably pureliased in ly)!:. Tlie aet delineil the iire limits ami 
 directed the election of li\'e ti'uslees, " to he called the 'l"ruslccs<ir llic 
 Fire Comuany ni the N'illage >>( Xewbnrgh," the freeholders in uhich 
 
 X< 
 
 A FIRE DEPARTMENT OF YE OLDEN TIME. 
 
 ^\■ere em]:)o\vered to elect annually ni>t more tlian live trustees, who 
 should have the appointment of firemen and the control and manage- 
 ment of the fire department. The Board of Trustees of the Fire De- 
 partment was therefore the first form of government in the village. 
 
 The first engine was not a suction machine, and it was the duty of 
 the bucket brigade to keep its tank full of water. All house-owners 
 were required bylaw to keep on hand for use at a lire a certain 
 number of fire buckets, with their names, or initials, ])ainted thereon. 
 When the fire alarm was sounded, the men hurried with the buckets 
 to the fire; if the men were not at home, the women set the buckets 
 out on the sidewalks, and firemen ran through the streets, gathered 
 them up and carried them to the fire. Engine 
 Company No. i was limited to twenty members, 
 but the trustees had power to command the assist- 
 ance of all able-bodied inhabitants; there was 
 seldom a lack of helpers. Arrived at the fire, the 
 men formed in bucket lines often extending to the 
 river, and passed water to the engine. It was not 
 uncommon to see women working in the lines. 
 
 The act of 1797 was supersedeil by the act 
 incorporating the village, and the powers which 
 it conferred were thereafter vested .in the Village 
 Trustees. Another engine was purchased (])rc- 
 vious to 1S02) and designated No. 2. In iS(j5 an 
 organization designated "Bagmen" was formed, 
 the members of which were required to attend 
 all fires for the purpose of taking charge of _ ; —— 
 
 goods. Each member furnished himself with a - ■ ~ 
 
 bag, and wore a hat \\'ith a crown painted white 
 and the rim black, and having the letter P. paint- 
 ed in black on the front of the crown. John 
 McAuley was the foreman of the company, which consisted of eight 
 members. 
 
 The first engine house was probably erected about the tiiue of the 
 purchase of the first engine, anil was "near the liousc of Kobt. W. 
 Jones, on Eight-Rod Street," now called Broadway. Subsequent- 
 ly a house was built for Company No. 2 on the " northeast corner of 
 the Presbyterian Church lot," where Union Church now is. The 
 buildings were of wood and very rude structures. In iSi/i the com- 
 panies were eom])oscd of the following members ; 
 
 ].— Wilhain L. SmiUi, ICnoch E. Tilton, Walter Burling, Henry 
 Tudor, Ward JI. Gazlay, liilbert N. Clement, Minard Harris, John 
 Carskadcn, Caleb Sutton, George E. Hulse, John Coleman, John 
 lloagland, William Adee, y\ndrew I'reston, Nicholas Wright, John 
 
 Forsyth, Walter Case. 
 
 No. 2. — John Harris, Jonathan Fisk, John 
 Anderson, jr., Leonard Carpenter, Selah 
 Reeve, James Hamilton, Samuel I. Gregory, 
 William Gardiner, Nathaniel Burling, Solo- 
 mon Sleight, Jonathan Carter, Hiram Weller, 
 Samuel Wright, Hugh Spier, Thomas 
 Powell, Cornelius DeWitt, Joseph Hoffman, 
 Cadwallader Roe, Daniel Niven, jr., Benoni 
 II. Howell, Sylvanus Jessup, Joseph Reeve, 
 [olin Richardson. 
 
 ( )n March 3, iSio, the Trustees passed a 
 resolution providing for an addition of eight 
 men to the two fire companies, "which eight 
 men shall be under a foreman, and vice fore- 
 man, and it shall be their duty to take in 
 charge the fire hooks and ladders and exer- 
 cise with them each and every day that the 
 fire company No. 2 e-Kereiscs." 
 
 In January', 1S24, the Trustees, in com- 
 pliance with a petition passed at a mass 
 meeting of citizens, contracted with E. Force, 
 of New York, for a new engine, at a cost of 
 S750. In the same month they purchased a 
 lot on the northeast corner of Montgomer)- 
 and Second Streets for S92, and laid a tax 
 of Si, 200 to pay for the engine and build an engine house. The 
 insurance companies contributed a total of S250 in addition. The 
 new engine arrived in March, and was assigned to Company No. i, 
 which immediately re-organized as Company No. 3, and a new com- 
 panv was formed to man engine No. i. All the companies took up 
 then" (puirtcrs in the new engine house. 
 
 ( )n August ;, 1S2S, the hook and ladder e<jmpany was made a dis- 
 tinct and separate organization. The original engine house did not 
 occupy the full lot, and a hmg, narrow shed was built in the rear for 
 the implements I if the hook and ladder company. The truck was a 
 two-wheeled vehicle, and never was painted. The meetings of the 
 
 AN OLD-FASHIONED HAND ENGINE, 
 
 company were held on the sidewalk. ( )n May 0, tS',^, on the peti- 
 tion of citizens, Washington Engine Companv, No. 4 was or- 
 ganizc<l, and an engine ordered. A lot was purchased on 
 Western A\cnue (Broadway) for S300, and an engine house erect- 
 ed thereon. On July 4, ,837, Niagara Engine Company, No. 5 
 was organized. A house was erected for the ctmipany on the 
 north si.lc of South Street, between Smith and Water, and' it is still 
 standing. 'I'jiis house and that of AVashington Engine Company 
 were alike in every respect. Niagara engine was also the duplicate 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 95 
 
 of Washington engine. A new engine was also purchased for No. : 
 company, and No. 3 became known as Cataract Engine Company. 
 
 Some of our old citizens relate interesting reminiscences of the fire 
 department about this period. In 1835 there were very few houses 
 above Montgomery Street, except at Old Town. The river was 
 the principal source of water supply, but wells and cisterns were 
 often drawn upon. A village ordinance required that during the 
 time the river was frozen over holes should be cut in the ice at the 
 foot of every street extending to the river, and that the persons 
 whose duty it was should cut away the ice that had formed the 
 previous night, so that in case of fire, water could be drawn up 
 through these holes without delay. 
 
 Engine No. i was a small machine, but an extraordinarily good 
 one for its size, and peculiarly useful. The tank was less than five 
 feet long, and the firemen were accustomed to lifting the machine 
 bodily and carrj-ing it where they wished. Ex-Chief Engineer Chap- 
 man remembers seeing Jlr. Spaulding, then Uie editor of the Journal, 
 a tall and powerful man, aided by but one other fireman, pick up No. 
 I and carry it into a yard back of Matthew Duke's row of houses (cor- 
 ner of Smith and Third Streets) when they once were on fire. That 
 was done for the pm-pose of reaching a cistern and many a cistern 
 did the old machine pump dry. The engine was sold to a theatrical 
 troupe in New York, and was exhibited on the stage in a plaj-. 
 
 After the purchase of engines Nos. 4 and 5, No. 2 was not used as 
 often as before, but was useful at fires at a distance from the river. 
 Another engine would pump water from the river and force it into 
 the tank of No. 2, which, being stationed near the burning building, 
 could then throw a stream on the flames. Engine Company No. 2 
 was disbanded in 1S49. William Hilton was the last foreman. 
 
 The suction engines overcame the necessity for the bucket hues, 
 except at fires inconvenient to water supply. After a time reservoirs 
 were built. There was one under each of the engine houses; one at 
 the comer of Liberty and Third Streets; one at the corner of First 
 and Grand Streets; another in Third Street at the crown of the hill 
 between Montgomery and Grand Streets, one at the head of Fifth 
 Street, one in North Water Street, and another in Old Town. 
 
 In 1S44 a meeting of citizens authorized the purchase of a new 
 engine for No. 3 company. It was the first " piano " machine. In 
 1849 a new one was purchased for No. 4, and the following year one 
 for No. 5. These engines were the best that could be obtained in 
 their time. Nos. 4 and 5 were very similar. No. 5 was slightly the 
 better engine, but the members of No. 4 company were lively and 
 athletic fellows, and not only held their own against No. 5, but fre- 
 quently " washed her." It was customary to exercise the engine 
 companies and the hook and ladder company once a month, and the 
 contests that ensued excited intense rivalry among the firemen. The 
 members of No. 5 wore red hats as a distinguishing feature. 
 
 In 1840 the membership of the companies exceeded the limit fixed 
 by the trustees (twenty for each company), and it was proposed that 
 the surplus should be permitted to act as volunteers. The trustees 
 referred the matter to a committee who reported against the plan, 
 with the result that the volunteers of No. 5 company made an " in- 
 dignation parade." But the cause of complaint was removed by the 
 passage of a resolution by the trustees (September 14), permitting 
 each company to have a membership of fifty. 
 
 The first hose company was organized in 1841 through the efforts 
 of J. H. H. Chapman, Abel W. Belknap, William Scott and John K. 
 Lawson. The company was at first known as Matrimony Hose 
 Company, because of the unusual number of its members who within 
 a short period were married. Excelsior was a more lasting name, 
 being retained till 1852, when a new carriage was purchased. This 
 machine came from Utica, and was known as Columbian Hose No. 2, 
 the name being inscribed on the carriage. The company adopted 
 the name, and has ever since been so designated. 
 
 Not till 1852 was a suitable house erected for the hook and ladder 
 company. For years it had withstood many discouragements. With 
 only a shed for its ladders and implements, and nothing but the side- 
 walk for a meeting-place, it continued to do efficient duty, and at 
 length impressed the authorities with its importance. A house, now 
 the police station, was erected in First Street, and new ladders and 
 
 implements provided. " Clinton " was the first name of the company. 
 In 1861 the name of " Brewster" was adopted, in honor of Hiram S. 
 Brewster, for several years its foreman. 
 
 The construction of the water works was begun in 1853. At that 
 time there were three engine companies, one hose company and one 
 hook and ladder company in the department. With the natural force 
 of water that could be obtained from fire hydrants, the value of hose 
 companies became apparent. The engine companies had light hose 
 carts, or " spiders," as they were called, with which they ran to fires, 
 and in most cases fires could be subdued without the aid of the en- 
 gines. In the course of a few years three new hose companies were 
 formed. In 1861 a new engine was built by James Smith for Wash- 
 ington No. 4, and Cataract Engine was rebuilt in 1S67 by Charles 
 Hartshorn. Niagara Engine Company No. 5 disbanded Sept. 8, 1865, 
 
 C. M. LEONARD STEAMER COMPANY, NO, 2. 
 Water Street, near Garner Street. 
 
 because of the refusal of the village trustees to erect a new engine 
 house for them. The engine was given to Highland Engine Com- 
 pany when it was organized the following year. Cataract engine 
 was sold in 1871, and the company was reorganized as Lawson Hose 
 Company No. 5. 
 
 On February i, 1854, a new hose company called Muchattoes, was 
 sanctioned by the Trustees. The meeting for the organization of this 
 company was held in Joseph Cornish's shoe shop. Alexander Cauld- 
 well was elected foreman; John Proudfoot, assistant foreman; Joseph 
 Cornish, treasurer; Alex. Pattersrjn, steward. Muchattoes had a two- 
 wheeled jumper, made by Corwin, Halsey & Co., and housed in First 
 Street. In May, 1855, the Village of Newburgh bought from the City 
 of New York the carriage used by Ringgold Hose, and when passed 
 over to Muchattoes Hose, that company resolved to be thereafter 
 known as Ringgold Hose Comjiany No. i. The house occupied by 
 Ringgold Hose, in Colden Street, was erected in 1S62. The lot (which 
 then extended to South Water Street), cost S950 ; John D. Kelly was 
 the architect, and Little & Kelly the contractors for $2,835. The 
 company erected the brown stone front at its own expense. The house 
 has since been enlarged. A new parade carnage was built in 18S3. 
 
96 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 The annual parade of 1S57 was a fair example of the parades of 
 hand-engine days. John D. Kelly was the chief engineer. The 
 guests were Ringgold Hose Company No. 7, of New York (guest of 
 Rmggold Hose Company of Newburgh), 'Washington Engine Com- 
 pany No. 3, of Kingston, Engine Company No. 2, of Peekskill, Lack- 
 
 WASHINGTON STEAMER CO., NO 4— Broadway, opposite High Street, 
 
 awanna Engine Company No. i , of Rondout, Engine Company No. 
 3, of Port Jervis, and Phoenix Hose Company No. i, of Poughkeepsie. 
 The Cataracts of Newburgh, wore red shirts, blue hats, white fronts; 
 Clinton Hook and Ladder Company of Newburgh, blue shirts, white 
 fronts, black hats; all the other Newburgh companies wore the regu- 
 lation uniform. After dinner the procession was reformed and 
 marched to the corner of Grand and First Streets, where the trial of 
 engines took place. The first trial was made by No. 3, but unfortun- 
 ately the hose burst twice, after the engine had forced the stream 149 
 feet. No. 4 next played, bursting its ho.se on the first trial, but throw- 
 ing 156 feet. No. 5 threw 160 feet. After the regular trial No. 3 
 again took its place at the reservoir, and threw 17T feet. One of the 
 most exciting performances of the day was the race between Ringgold 
 Hose and Columbian Hose. Starting from Catherine Street they ran 
 to First, Columbian going down Liberty and Ringgold down Grand. 
 Columbian succeeded in attaching their hose and " getting water " 
 first. E. P. Taylor, of Poughkeepsie, E. II. Rhcutan, of Peekskill, 
 George H. Sharpe, of Kingston, and C. A. (Jardiner, of Newburgh, 
 were the judges. 
 
 The first steam fire engine was ordered by the Common Council 
 in September, 1S71, from the Amoskeag Company, the cost being 
 about $4,500. The steamer arrived, and on Monday afternoon, Jan- 
 uary I, 1872, was tested by Chief Engineer Leonard in the presence 
 of the city authorities and a large number of citizens. On the follow- 
 ing day the steamer threw a stream through a 1 % inch nozzle and 100 
 feet of hose over the top of the cross on the spire of St. Patrick's 
 Church, 161 feet high. With a nozzle of the same size she forced a 
 stream through too feet of hose to a distance of 193 feet on the level. 
 This was measuring the length of the solid stream and not the spray. 
 
 In 1S58 a hose company was organized in North Water Street and 
 designated Neptune. A brick building was erected for them on tiie 
 west side of the street, north of Broad, in 1859. Their hose carriage 
 formerly belonged to Mazeppa Hose of New York. A steamer was 
 purchased for this c<jmpany in 1873, and thereupon the company 
 changed its name to C. M. Leonard Steamer Company No. 2, in 
 honor of the chief engineer. In 1878 their present engine house was 
 
 erected. 
 
 Chapman Ho.se Company was organized in September, 1859, at the 
 store of J ihn P. Toohey, then on the corner of Clinton and Liberty 
 Streets, llr. Toohey was elected the first Foreman and Hugh Hamil- 
 ton Assistant Foreman. The company was at first quartered in a 
 shed on the east side of Liberty Street, north of Gidney Avenue, and 
 in 1863 a suitable house was erected in South Street, from plans made 
 by John D. Kelly. 
 
 New houses were built for Lawson and Columbian Hose Compan- 
 ies in 1875, on the site of the old engine house (corner of Jlontgomery 
 and Second Streets), at a cost of $5. 494- E. K. Shaw was the archi- 
 tect and William McMeekin the contractor. The lot was enlarged 
 by the purchase of adjoining property for Si, 600. In 1889 the house 
 of Columbian Hose Company was enlarged and otherwise improved 
 at an expense of about two thousand dollars. The carriage of Law- 
 son Hose was purchased in 1S75, and has several times been re- 
 modeled and otherwise improved. The carriage of Columbian Hose 
 was purchased in i860. 
 
 The house now occupied by Brewster Hook and Ladder Company 
 was erected in 1862; the architect was John D. Kelly, and the con- 
 tractors Little & Kelly. The truck was purchased in i860 from the 
 City of New York, and was once in charge of Chelsea Hook and 
 
 
 
 HIGHLAND STEAMER CO.. NO. 3— Broadway, near West Street. 
 
 Ladder Company. It is sometimes called " the White Swan," be- 
 cause of its color and peculiarly graceful appearance. 
 
 The house of Washington Steamer Company was enlarged in 
 i86S, under contract with John I). Kelly. The brown stone front 
 was erected at the expense of the coinpany. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 97 
 
 Highland Engine Company was organized in L. G. Ostrauder's 
 store on July 12, 1S66. On that occasion Henry Ross was the chair- 
 man, and J. J. E. Harrison, now president of the company, the secre- 
 trary. The following were elected the first officers; Moses H. Sager, 
 foreman ; S. Lawson, assistant; J. J, E. Harrison, secretary ; H. Ross, 
 treasurer; Charles L. Brown, steward. Committee on by-laws— 
 —Moses H. Sager, James Hobbs, C. L. Brown. The engine house 
 was erected in 1S67, under contract with Brown & McMeekin, for 
 §2,990. In 1SS2 the city appropriated §5,000 for the purchase of a 
 steamer for the company. The contractors were the I.a France 
 Company, of Elmira, and the engine arrived Tuesday, September 6. 
 It weighs 5,400 pounds; the other steam fire engines weigh 4,000 
 pounds each. The hand engine of the Highland Company Avas sold 
 to the Village of Florida. 
 
 In 1S91 the Washington Heights Hose Company was organized, 
 with Colonel W. D. Dickey as president; John Sansbury, foreman; 
 Louis H. Van Tassell. assistant foreman ; Edward A. Bush, secretary. 
 
 Parade of 1889. 
 
 Platoon of sixteen members of the Newburgh Police Department, 
 Marshal James H. Sarvis commanding. 
 
 Cappa's Band. 
 Xew Vork A'eteran Firemen's Association of Xew York, 
 
 Union Hill Cornet Band. 
 Columbian Hose Company No. 2, of Uniim Hill, N. J. 
 
 Middletown Cornet Band. 
 Phoenix Engine Company No. 4, of Middletown. 
 
 Goshen Cornet Band. 
 Cataract Engine Company No. 4, of Goshen. 
 
 Goeller's Cornet Band, of Kingston. 
 Rapid Hose Company No. i, of Rondout. 
 
 West Point U. S. M. A. Band. 
 Visiting Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs. 
 
 Chief Engineer and Assistants of Newburgh Department. 
 
 Brewster Hook and Ladder Company, No. i. 
 
 Voss' First Regiment Band, Newark, N. j. 
 Ringgold Hose Company, No. i. 
 
 Brennan's Band, of Wappinger's Falls. 
 C. M. Leonard Steamer Company, No. 2. 
 
 Conway's Cornet Band, of Fishkill. 
 Columbian Hose Company, No. 2. 
 
 Collins' City Band, of Newburgh. 
 Highland Steamer Company, No. 3. 
 
 Ketcham Post Band, of JIarlborough. 
 Chapman Hose Company, No. 4. 
 
 St. Joseph's Band, of Yonkers. 
 Washington Steamer Company, No. 4. 
 
 Albany City Band. 
 Lawson Hose Company No. 5. 
 
 Chief Engineers and Assistants. 
 
 Benoni H. Howell, Chief. 
 
 James Belknap, Chief. 
 
 Benjamin F. Buckingham, Chief. 
 
 1850 — William Lisle, Chief. 
 
 1851 — Cicero A. Gardiner, Chief. Isaac Wood, jr.. First Assist- 
 ant. John W. Thomas, Second Assistant. 
 
 1852— Isaac Wood, jr.. Chief. John W. Thomas, First Assistant. 
 Joseph A. McCartney, Second Assistant. 
 
 1853-54 — Benjamin F. Buckingham, Chief. Aikman Speir, First 
 Assistant. James T. Hamilton, Second Assistant. 
 
 1855-56— John K. Lawson, Chief. Joseph A. McCartney, First 
 Assistant. John Proudfoot, Second Assistant. 
 
 1857-58— John D. Kelly, Chief. Joseph H. H. Chapman, First 
 Assistant. John J. S. McCroskery, Second Assistant. 
 
 i85g_6o— Joseph H. H. Chapman, Chief. John J. S. McCroskery, 
 First Assistant. Hugh McMcCutcheon, Second Assistant. 
 
 1861-62— Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Hiram S. Brewster, First 
 Assistant. James C. Taggart, Second Assistant. 
 
 1S63-64 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. John B. Stanbrough, First 
 Assistant. John W. Forsyth, Second Assistant. 
 
 1865 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. John DeLancy, First Assist- 
 ant. James C. Farrell, Second Assistant. 
 
 1866-68 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. James T. Van Dalfsen, 
 First Assistant. Archibald Hays, Second Assistant. 
 
 1869-72 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Archibald Hays, First As- 
 sistant. Patrick Herbert, Second Assistant. 
 
 1873 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Archibald Hays, First As.sist- 
 ant. John Fitchey, Second Assistant. 
 
 1874 — Archibald Hays, Chief. John Fitchey, First Assistant. 
 Odell S. Hathaway, jr.. Second Assistant. 
 
 1875-77 — William Nixon, Chief. Elkanah K. Shaw, Michael 
 Barry, Robert W. Hamilton, Assistants. 
 
 1878-80— William Nixon, Chief. Samuel J. Hewitt, jr., Robert 
 W. Hamilton, Hugh M. Hays, Assistants. 
 
 18S1-S3 — Nicholas Powell, Chief. Samuel J. Hewitt, jr., Norman 
 
 B. Buchanan,* Charles A. Miller, f Hugh M. Hays, Assistants. 
 1S84-86 — James Cunningham, Chief. Charles A. Miller, Thomas 
 
 H. Burke, Henry M. Leonard, Assistants. 
 
 1887-S9 — James Cunningham, Chief. J. Henry Chapman, DeWitt 
 
 C. Cameron, Henry C. Mellor, Assistants. 
 
 1S90 — James Cunningham, Chief. DeWitt C. Cameron, James 
 DriscoU, Nicholas F. Fitzpatrick, Assistants. 
 
 CHANCEY M. LEONARD was born in Newburgh in the year 
 1825, and in a house that occupied the site of the Bigler building at 
 the corner of Third and Smith Streets. He resided here tmtil six- 
 teen years of age, receiving his education at the Newburgh Academy. 
 Then he went to New York City and learned the trade of painting. 
 In early manhood he became a member of the old volunteer fire 
 department of the metropolis, first as one of Hose Company No. 8, 
 and subsequently of Engine Company No. 5, which had its quarters 
 in Ann Street, near the spot now occupied by the Herald building. 
 He was elected Assistant Foreman of the engine companj'. At the 
 age of nineteen he married Miss Rebecca Smith, of New York City, 
 who died two years afterward, leaving a daughter, who married 
 Thomas K. Rheutan. In 1848 he married Miss Hope Smith, a sister 
 of his first wife, and had several children. 
 
 In 1S50 he returned to his native city and continued to reside here 
 till his death. He was employed as a painter by E. T. Comstock, 
 and on Mr. Comstock's death in 1859, the firm of Ward & Leonard 
 (Peter Ward and Chancey M. Leonard) was formed. James J. Logan 
 afterward being received into the partnership, the firm became 
 Ward, Leonard & Co. The business reached large proportions and 
 was then, as it is to-day, one of the most important in the trade in the 
 Hudson River Vallej'. 
 
 Mr. Leonard joined Ringgold Hose Company, No. i, in 1853. He 
 was elected Assistant Foreman, but his ability and experience as a 
 fireman were such that he was called to fill a position of greater prom- 
 inence. In 1 861 he was elected Chief Engineer of the Newburgh Fire 
 Department, and at each successive election thereafter was re-elected 
 to the same office, till JIarch, 1874, when he was called to take the 
 higher position of Mayor of the city. 
 
 In 1873 he was a delegate to the Democratic State Convention, and 
 was an honorary member of the national Association of Chief Engi- 
 neers. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and well advanced 
 in the degrees of the order. He died at his residence, 62 Ann Street, 
 Thursday, December 3, 1S74. 
 
 Few men who have lived in Newburgh have won the unqualified 
 esteem and warm friendship of his fellow-townsmen to so great a de- 
 gree as did Chancey M. Leonard. Coupled with his acknowdedged 
 ability as a business man and exceptional qualifications as a fireman, 
 were qualities of manhood that endeared him to many. He was gen- 
 ial and companionable, and a frank and honorable man. His mem- 
 ory will long be cherished and reminiscences of his deeds related 
 by the firemen of the city. It was natural, then, that the an- 
 
 * Resigned Sept., 1S82. 
 
 t Elected to vacancy caused by resignation of Norman B. Buchanan. 
 
98 
 
 nouncement of liis tlfatli should he ivccivcd 
 dences of sorrow. Tlio ^<.'r\'ici.'S in coiiiu-ction 
 
 N E W B U K H 
 
 with i-xliMordinary cvi- 
 
 «illi his hiirial 
 
 wuiv licM on Uh' 
 
 Sain r(hi y afUi'- 
 
 nc. in f..l Ici w 1 ni;. 
 
 w crc 
 ch.su.l 
 
 tiu 
 
 ines 
 
 ;l- n vr ;l 1 1 y 
 and many 
 h u i I d i ll;.;s wx-iu 
 <h-a])cil in whilr 
 and Mack. Tlie 
 fiuiLial iinicessiim 
 was cnmposud d 
 tliL- I'ldifC Depart- 
 ment, AFasiniiL- 
 Lodi^cs, the Fire 
 Dupartment, t li e 
 C'lniiiion Cnnncil 
 and e.\-Aldermcn, 
 tlic Hoard of Edu- 
 cation, the Board 
 (jf Water Comrai.s- 
 sioners, the Board 
 of Alms House 
 Commissioners, tile 
 eler;^-y and pliysi- 
 eians of tile eity. 
 The hearse was es- 
 eorted by fifty 
 Kni;4hts Templar. 
 The funeral dis- 
 course was delivered at Union Chureh liy the Rev. Wendell Prime, 
 I). D., and prayer was offered by the Rev. J(.hn Fcjrsyth, D. D. and 
 the Rev. W. II. (.Ileason. A ehorus of fifty voices led the singing. 
 The interment was in St. Geor.ge's Cemetery. Henry M. Leonard, 
 at present City Collector, and James J. Leon.ard. are sons. 
 
 CHANCEY 
 
 LEONARD 
 
 (il St. George's Church thirty-live years, and in its time a Trustee of 
 the Mechanics' Library Association. He joined Xewlnirgh Lod,ge,F. & 
 
 A. M. in 1S53, was 
 
 a charter nicnibei 
 of Hiulson River 
 Lotlgc. 1".& A. M., 
 and lias been its 
 Treasu rcr I o r 
 twenty-five years. 
 He was also a char- 
 ter member <il 
 Highland Chai<tcr, 
 H udsoii R 1 ver 
 Commandery, and 
 King Solomon's 
 Council of Royal 
 and Select Masters. 
 In Odd Fellowship 
 he has been a mem- 
 ber of Highland 
 Lodge and Mount 
 Carniel Encamp- 
 ment. He was a 
 in e ni be r of the 
 Board of Water 
 Commissioners in 
 1S75-.S0. In 1S4.S 
 Mr. Chapman mar- 
 ried Lydia W. 
 San.xay, daughter 
 of Edmund Sanxay 
 'She died in 1S76 leaving three son;^ 
 the wife of Robert Whitehill. Hi 
 Thompson, daughter of Josiah C 
 in iSSS. 
 
 JOSEPH H H CHAPMAN. 
 
 ; and one daughter, the latter being 
 
 s second wife was Mrs. Alexander 
 
 nger. of Montgomery. She died 
 
 JOSEPH H. H. CHAPMAN was bom 
 ^[arch 12. 1S2V In is_|.o he was taken into 
 partnership by his father. Paddock Chap- 
 man, in the bakery and grocery business 
 established by Joseph Hoffman in 1793. On 
 the death of his father in 1867 he became 
 sole proprietor. After conducting the busi- 
 ness a number of years he sold out to James 
 S. Buchanan. He was afterward in the 
 grocery business at the northeast corner of 
 Water and Second Streets, and more recent- 
 ly at the corner of Liberty and Third Streets. 
 He retired from business in 1890. Mr. Chap- 
 man has been prominently identified with 
 many interests in his native eity, and has 
 been a very useful member of the community. 
 
 In 1S41 he joined the Fire Department as 
 a member of Excelsicjr Hose Company, and 
 f(jr ten years he was Foreman of the Com- 
 pany. He was First Assistant Chief Engi- 
 neer in 1857-58, and Chief Engineer in 
 1859-60. There were then three hand-engine 
 companies, four hose companies and one 
 hook and ladder company. Chairman Hose 
 Company was organized during his term as 
 Chief and named in his honor. While not 
 performing active duty, he is still asso- 
 ciated with the department and is often 
 their festive gatherings. He was a 
 
 JAMES CUN 
 
 Chief Engineer r,f th 
 
 an honored guest at 
 member of the I'.oard of 
 
 Village Trustees from 1859 to ^^(>3 inclusive. He has been a Trustee 
 of the .Savings Bank almost since its organization, and since 1874 a 
 Trustee of Washington's Headrpiarters. He lias been a Vestryman 
 
 JAMES CUNNINGHAM, the present 
 Chief Engineer !■( the Newburgh Fire De- 
 partment, \\as liorn in County TyTone Ire- 
 land, in 1843. He was brought here during 
 his infancy- by his parents, who first settled 
 at West Troy, where James attended school. 
 When the lad was ten or twelve years old 
 the parents moved to New York City, where 
 James pursued his studies till he was appren- 
 jg^' ticed in a wall-paper factory to learn the trade 
 
 ^» of a stainer, iir printer. He early acquired a 
 
 liking for the duties of volunteer firemen, 
 and as a boy it was his wimt to run witli 
 Chelsea Hook and Ladder Companv Xo. ;. 
 which then lay in Twenty-fourth Street. 
 When the volunteer department of New 
 Vork (,'ity was disbanded Chelsea truck was 
 sold to the City of Newburgh, and has been 
 in service here ever since with Brewster Hook 
 and Ladder Company. In 1S69 Mr. Cunning- 
 ham jiurehased the wholesale root beer busi- 
 ness of Michael L'orkins in this city and 
 moved here. Soon afterward he joined 
 Brewster Hook and Ladder Company, and 
 has been an active member ever since. He 
 was once Assistant Foreman and afterward 
 Foreman of that comixuiv. During hislong 
 and faithful service he acquired a reputation 
 in the department as one who thoroughly 
 understood the business of fighting fire. In April, 1S84, he was elected 
 ti ) the office of Chief Engineer for the term of three years, and re-elect- 
 ed m 1SS7 ™k1 1S90. The introduction of the Gamewell electric fire 
 alarm system, resulting in the greatly increased efficiency of the de- 
 partment, has been the most important event of his administration. 
 
 NINGHAM, 
 
 Fire Department. 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The Public Schools— The Free Library— The Board of Education— Mount 
 St. Mary's Academy— Siglar's Preparatory School. 
 
 
 
 ;-. '.3^.- . V 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 X no portion of its development has Newburgh achieved 
 a greater success than in that of education. The 
 public schools have always kept abreast of the times, 
 both as regards accommodation and instruction. They 
 are /rct' in every meaning of the word. No tuition 
 whatever is charged to resident pupils, and the text 
 books are furnished them free of cost. Therefore, 
 a child of five j-ears may enter the public schools, pass through 
 all the grades, and those courses which he may elect, and be grad- 
 uated from the academy with a superior education without a dollar's 
 expense to his parents. 
 
 In making choice of a residence people generally consider the op- 
 portunities afforded for the education of their children. That New- 
 burgh from its earliest settlement has been fully awake to the im- 
 portance of popular education we have ample proof; that it is not 
 niggardly in its expenditures we have the fullest evidence in the 
 character of its school buildings, especially the new academy. 
 
 There are seven public school buildings and one public library 
 building. The number of children over five and under twenty-one 
 years of age on June 30, 1S91, was 7,066. On July 26, 1891, the number 
 of children attending the schools was 3,531. In the primary depart- 
 ments the whole number of pupils enrolled \\-as 2 , 724 ; grammar depart- 
 ment, 572; academy, 235. The number of teachers employed was 79, 
 and their aggregate salaries 839,200. The total expenditures for the 
 year wasS74.4S2.51. The total number of private schools in the city 
 was II, and the number of pupils attending them was 1,384. 
 
 The public schools are under the charge of the Board of Educa- 
 tion, which is, within certain limits, independent of all other govern- 
 ing boches. The Board is assisted by a superintendent, who has 
 general supervision. Under the fostering care and executive wisdtim 
 of the Board, and the able administration of the superintendent, en- 
 couraged and supported by a cultured people, the city school system 
 has reached an advanced state of perfection, and does nrjt fear com- 
 parison with that of any other city. Clearly recognizing that New- 
 burgh is a rapidly-growing manufacturing and commercial center, it 
 has been the earnest aim of the school authorities so to adapt the 
 course of study in all departments as best to meet the needs of such 
 apopvdation, while at the same time offering the most liberal facilities 
 for acquiring the higher education. 
 
 The fact that the great majority of the pupils never reach the 
 academy has led to continuous and persistent efforts, and with the 
 most pleasing results, so to perfect the primary and grammar schools 
 as to secure to the pupils therein the best and most practical educa- 
 tion possible. 
 
 So, too, the courses of study in the academy are arranged with 
 special reference to the needs of students who complete their studies 
 here, while at the same time providing studies adapted to those pre- 
 paring to enter college. The regular course in the academy is three 
 years, with another added for those who wish to continue the study 
 of the languages and solid geometry.* 
 
 ' In July, 18151, by resolution of the Board, a four years' course was adopted 
 for those who study the lanfjuage.s, for those who desire to attend a higher in- 
 struction, and for those who wish to teach ; and a course of three years for 
 those taking plain English studies. 
 
 The English course includes grammar, history, arithmetic, alge- 
 bra, geometry, trigonometry, book-keeping, drawing, natural philos- 
 ophy, astronomy, chemistry, physiology, botany, geology, English 
 literature, rhetoric and science of government. For the study of the 
 natural sciences special facilities are offered b)' a laboratory and ap- 
 pliances necessary to the experimental method. 
 
 The Latin-English course is the same as the English course through- 
 out the three j-cars, except that Latin grammar and lessons are sub- 
 stituted for English grammar and composition the first year, Caesar's 
 Commentaries (four books) for English grammar and astronomy the 
 second year, and Virgil's ^neid (four books) for rhetoric and general 
 history in the third year. 
 
 The Classical course is the same as the Latin-English course dur- 
 ing the first year. In the second year Greek grammar and lessons 
 are substituted for natural philosoph)' and book-keeping, and in the 
 third year Xenophon's Anabasis (four books) for chemistry and Eng- 
 lish literature. In other respects the course is the same as the Latin- 
 English course. In the last two years of the course French may be 
 substituted for book-keeping in the B Class, and for rhetoric in the A 
 Class. 
 
 In the higher grades special subjects are taught by special teach- 
 ers. For instance, in the academical department there are certain 
 teachers for mathematics, another for sciences, another for drawing, 
 another for languages, and so on, who teach these subjects in all the 
 grades of the department in which they are studied, changing from 
 room to room at fixed periods each day, and not being confined to any 
 particular class, so far as those studies are concerned, if they are 
 taught in more than one class. 
 
 Drawing is taught in all grades, from the D primary to the A 
 academic. As soon as the child is old enough he is also taught nmsic, 
 and in the academy he has the benefit of a special teacher. The ex- 
 perience of years has fully demonstrated that music, in addition to 
 the benefits usually admitted, also exerts a beneficial moral influence, 
 and, strengthening, softening and modtdating the voice, is likewise a 
 great aid in making good readers; while drawing, educating as it 
 does the eye and hand, lays a solid basis for the rapid mastery of any 
 vocation requiring mechanical or artistic skill, for it is the educated 
 eye and the trained, deft hand that makes the chief difference between 
 the skilled workman and the "botch." Physiology is taught in all 
 the grades from C primary to A academic. The instruction in English 
 grammar is also very thorough. In the primary department, where 
 the study of grammar is not pursued, the pupils are held responsible 
 only for the correct use of the word; but the teachers are expected to 
 correct grammatical errors when they occur, so as to familiarize their 
 scholars with the proper form. 
 
 Manual training is an important branch of the system. Girls in 
 the C grade, grammar department, and A, B and C grades, primary 
 department, receive instruction in .sewing from special teachers. The 
 boys of the academy and those of the A grade, grammar department, 
 receive instruction in wood-working and mechanical drawing from a 
 special teacher. 
 
 The public library contains over seventeen thousand volumes, and 
 all the best periodicals of the day. It is open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. 
 It is not only appreciated by the public at large, but is a most valu- 
 
 [99] 
 
lOO 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 able aid to both teachers and pupils in all departments of the schools. 
 In the appointment of teachers preference is given to normal 
 school graduates, or those otherwise specially trained for the profes- 
 sion of teaching. The salaries of teachers range from $i,8oo to $350. 
 
 The school budget for iSyo-gi amounts to $69,475.13, less $11,200 
 State moneys. This includes about $15,000 in partial payment of a 
 new school building; $39,200 for teachers' wages; $2,800 for main- 
 tenance of library; $2,300 for fuel and light; $1,400 interest; $2,300 
 for school books and drawing materials; $2,200 for janitors' salaries; 
 $1,000 for superintendent's salary; $1,300 for repairs and other minor 
 expenses. 
 
 The free schools of Xewburgh exist in virtue of an act of the 
 Legislature, passed April 0, 1S52, which provided " that all that part 
 
 The circumstances under which the free school system was intro- 
 duced here were, briefly stated, as follows: When the schoolhouse in 
 Clinton Street was built by the Trustees of the Glebe, though it was 
 considerably smaller than now, many persons deemed it entirely too 
 large. The school was entrusted to the charge of William N. Reid, 
 an experienced and able teacher, and almost as soon as it was 
 opened the new building was so overcrowded with pupils that its 
 speedy enlargement, or a new edifice, was a manifest necessity. While 
 this subject was under consideration the passage of the general free 
 school law of 1851 imposed upon the trustees of aU school districts the 
 necessity of inquiring how they could best give effect to this law. At 
 a joint meeting of the Trustees of what was then known as District 
 \o. 13 (Moses H. Belknap, Nelson Haight and Robert Sterling) and 
 
 NEWBURGH ACADEMY. 
 
 of the Town of Newburgh included within the bounds of the corpora- 
 tion of the Village of Newburgh shall hereafter constitute one com- 
 mon school district; " that as soon as possible after the passage of the 
 act nine trustees should be elected who, with their successors in of- 
 fice, should constitute a body to be styled " The Board of Education 
 of the Village of Newburgh," and should be invested with certain 
 corporate powers for carrying out the purposes of the act. An elec- 
 tion was held, according to the provisions of the law, on the 3d 
 of May, 1852, when the following gentlemen were chosen: John 
 Beveredgc, John J. Monell, Nathaniel Jones, Charles F. V. Reeve, 
 George W. Kerr, D. G. Leonard, L. B. Gregory, John Brown, D. D., 
 and Thomas C. Ring. On the 12th of May the first meeting of the 
 Board was held, and its organization was completed by the election 
 of John Beveredge president, and Nathaniel Jones clerk. 
 
 of the Trustees of the Glebe, or No. 15, as it was then styled (John 
 Beveredge, Dr. A. G. Hull and Nathan Reeve) held in Jlay, 1851, a 
 resolution was passed calling a public meeting at Washington Hall, 
 to consider the propriety of applying to the Legislature for a law to 
 unite the whole village in one district— to make all the schools in the 
 district free— the same to be under the charge of a Board of Educa- 
 tion to be elected by the people. The idea was well received by the 
 people, and at another public meeting held in February, 1852, the 
 draught of the law was approved, and it was resolved to petition the 
 Legislature to enact the same. In the month of August, 1S52, the 
 schools were formally opened on the new plan. 
 
 To form a proper judgment of the merits of the present system of 
 education, and the results accomplished by the Board of Education, 
 it is necessary to compare the system with the one it superseded, or 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 lOI 
 
 to contrast the means of instruction which we now possess with those 
 which existed in former years. We shall notice the public schools in 
 their historical order: 
 
 THE GLEBE SCHOOL. 
 
 The property, long known as the Glebe, was given to the Palatine 
 settlers for the support of a Lutheran minister. In 1752 the " En- 
 glish new inhabitants " obtained a new patent of the Glebe lands for 
 the maintenance of a minister of the Church of England and of a 
 schoolmaster, so that the Glebe school may be said in law to date 
 from 1752, just one hundred j-ears before the establishment of the 
 free school system. A building was soon afterward erected in Lib- 
 
 The school was regularly held in the schoolmaster's house in 
 Liberty Street till about 1774. Mr. Hutchins and Mr. King held the 
 school in the ' ' parsonage house. " In 1 789 the trustees rented a house 
 for a school from James Van Orsdall. Mr. Spicrin held it in a house 
 which afterward formed part of the residence of Charles F. V. Reeve, 
 on the northeast corner of Grand and South Streets. From 1797 to 
 iSof) it was combined with the so-called English room of the academy. 
 The " act to amend the charter of the Glebe," passed by the Legis- 
 lature in 1803, directed that the sura of $200 should be paid annually 
 to the trustees of the academy, and that "the remainder of the 
 money arising from such income " should be paid to the trustees of 
 the other schools on the Glebe, as the inhabitants should direct. 
 
 CLASS OF '91-NEWBURGH ACADEMY— WITH INSTRUCTORS, 
 
 1— Eugene B. Horton. 
 
 6— John ilcCormick. 
 
 7 — Wolcott Remington. 
 
 8— James R. Thompson, jr. 
 
 9— Florence Taylor, 
 ic^^Mary E. Jansen, 
 II— John Wise. 
 12— Elizabeth L, Gordon. 
 13— Almira Seaman. 
 
 ,5— Clarence H. Eckerson, 
 16— Ulysses J. Alsdorf. 
 17— Clarence O. Warford, 
 18— Maria W. Fawcett. 
 19— Frena Jlarshall. 
 20 — Anna Eaton. 
 21— Emma DuMond. 
 23— George E. Raitt. 
 24— Gertrude Wise. 
 
 25— Pauline Brown- 
 26— James W. Terry, 
 27— Mark W. Roe. 
 28— Alice Van Cleft, 
 ag— William T. Howell, 
 30— Florence Van Duzer. 
 31— Eleanor F. Brown. 
 32— Margaret R. Dunlap. 
 33— Frank R. Corwin. 
 
 35 — Margaret Hamilton, 
 36 — Mary McBurney. 
 37 — Helen R, Hunter. 
 38— James E. Wilson, jr. 
 3g— Euphemia May, 
 40 — Blanche E, Felter. 
 41— Ida R. Henderson, 
 42— Frances O. Authouse. 
 43 — William J. Wygant. 
 
 44— Marie A. Kimber. 
 
 45— Hattie W. Gordon. 
 
 46— William H. Brokaw. 
 
 47-Edith J. Walsh. 
 
 48— Clarence W.Buckmaster. 
 
 4g— Ella L. Kroni. 
 
 50 — Jonathan D. Wilson, jr. 
 
 51— Luella Galatian, 
 
 52— Frank .S. Snyder. 
 
 34- 
 
 -Anna E. Flanagan. 
 
 /«j/rac/«-j-3 -James M, Crane, A. M,, Principal, 
 5— William H, Doty, Asst, Principal, 
 
 -Eugene W. Harter, A. B., Teacher of Languages. 
 -Miss Agnes McFadden, Teacher of Mathematics. 
 
 -William J. Woods, Prin. Manual Training School. 
 -Miss Dora M. Townsend, Teacher of Higher English. 
 
 erty Street, near the head of Clinton Street. From the records of the 
 Glebe it appears that Mr. Palmer was the schoolmaster m 1765; 
 Louis Donveur in 1768; Joseph Penny in 1769; Thomas Gregory m 
 1773; JohnN. Hutchins from 1774 to 1782; Richard King from 17S2 
 to 1790, when the two offices of minister and schoolmaster were com- 
 bined in the person of the Rev. George H. Spierin. Difficulties 
 growing out of the claims of the Episcopal Church to the property, led 
 to his resignation in 1793. 
 
 In 1809 "the juvenile school in Old Town," as distinct from the 
 Academy, was established in the old Lutheran Church, which hence- 
 forth was known as the Glebe schoolhouse. It was conducted for 
 several years by Ebenezer Adams, who was succeeded by John P. 
 Tarbell. John Goodsell was the teacher from about 1830 to 1S43. 
 The last teacher in the structure was John L. Lyon, who taught 
 there from 1843 to 1845. In the latter year he removed the school to 
 the Academy, occupying the south room on the first floor. Soon 
 
102 
 
 N H W B U K G H 
 
 iifterward the IniildinK' in Hie old town ccniclery «-;is dmiolislK-d. 
 Those of our citi/'.L'iis wli.. alUiidi.(l Ihc i;1<_'Iil- school in the Kr^ivc- 
 yard will recall it, to quote Kaiser's descnplion, as ■' a loni;', l""', "ar- 
 row, unsightly building— old, patched up, disjointed and weather 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO I— Co 
 
 ..f Washington and Wil 
 
 the 
 
 beaten." During recess and before and after school sessi' 
 children played among the gi-ave-stones in the r>ld cemetery. 
 
 In 1S48-49 the Chnton Street school building was erected, as the 
 result of the division of school district Xo. 13 and the erection of N(.. 
 15, and the new school, in district No. 15, became of- 
 ficially known as the "Glebe school," and received 
 the revenues of the (ilebe civcr and above the sum re- 
 quired by law to be paid to the academy. 
 
 THE .\cadi-;mv. 
 
 This institution may be said to have been founded 
 by the Rev. George H. Spierin and the trustees ot the 
 Glebe jointly, in 17130, when the offices of school-mas- 
 ter and minister were combined in the person of Mr. 
 Spierm. In an advertisement published by the trus- 
 tees on the 13th of July, 171P, they state that Mr. 
 Spierin, who had lately settled in .Xewburgh, projios- 
 ed opening an academy for the instruction of the 
 youth "in the Greek and Latin languages and the 
 different other branches of literature," as soon as a 
 sufficient number of pupils should present themselves, 
 and it was proposed by the trustees to raise sid>- 
 scriptions with which to erect a building. For some 
 years the proposition was held in abe\-anee by Ihe 
 opposition of a large portion of the community. 
 
 The Glebe charter provided for a minister niul a 
 school-master, and a school by a regular school-mas- 
 ter had always been conducted separate and distinct 
 from the ministerial office. The combination of (he 
 two functions in one perscjn was not rcgardei] with 
 fav(jr. A tierce local agitation sprang up, 111 ilie 
 midst of which Mr. Spierin resigned. In lyijO 
 the erection of the school was commenced by 
 and a part of it was occupied the foUowdng year. It continued under 
 the care of the Glebe trustees till 1804, when the inhabitants elected 
 nine trustees "to take charge of the school in the Academy." In 
 1806 it was incorporated. For many years it was the only institution 
 of a public kiiul in this region in which the youth of both se.xcs could 
 
 .lilam for a small tuition an education above that of the old-fashioned 
 lislrict selio..!, ami it included both classical and English depart- 
 neiits. I'or forty \'ears the courts were held there, and the court 
 .>..ni w as the place of public meetings, the general and town elections, 
 and (he cradle of several of the churches of the city. 
 The ]irinei])als received at first a small salary in 
 adililion to the tuition fees from pupils, and were 
 peniiilted to oecup)' a portion of the building as a 
 resilience, and also to have the use of the garden. 
 .After 1.S13 a separate house was rented for their use. 
 Theie was a department for girls in the northeast 
 rciom of the first floor. Among other things they 
 were taught "tambouring" and sewing. In 1837-38 the 
 trustees erected the building now the Home for the 
 FrieniUess, at a cost of S7.og4.58. It was used as a 
 hoarding-house for pupils of the Academy not resi- 
 dents of the village. Previous to that time " students 
 were furnished with board in respectable famihes." 
 
 TIN-; iuijH scinji.)L 
 
 Was incorporated April 23, 182^, and was constituted 
 tile common school for district Xo. 13, which then 
 embraced the whole village. The building was com- 
 pleted and opened in February, 1830, and John P. 
 Tarbell and iliss Mary Ross employed as teachers. 
 < irville JI. Smith succeeded Mr. Tarbell in 1S34, and 
 held the position till the close of the December term 
 in 1S48, when he resigned. James P. Brown was 
 his successor. He served till March, 1S52, when S. G. 
 McLaughlin was appointed, and held the position till 
 the system of free schools was established. 
 
 There was also a school for colored children, es- 
 tablished a few years before the passage of the Act of 1S52, and ac- 
 commodated in a small wooden structure in Washington Street. 
 
 When the present system went into elTcct the schools above de- 
 scribed were transferred to the lioardof Education. The High School 
 
 Trustees. 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO 2 -C.rner of Grand and Campbell Streets, 
 
 in Grand Street, and the Glebe School in Clinton Street, were trans- 
 Icrred without cost. 'IMie .Vcademy propertv, which was also traiis- 
 ierrcd by its trustees, carried with it certain ..bligations, which were 
 assumed by the lioard of Education, so that the property cost the 
 Board $5,7,^0. In 1855 or '-^U, as the brick building adjoining the 
 Aeadem\- was not deemed necessary for school purposes, 'it was sold 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 lO- 
 
 witli a lot 75 feet front on Montgomery Street for $5,000. 
 These were at first the only school-houses available, with the ex- 
 ception of a small room rented on Western Avenue near Stone Street, 
 rooms in the basement of Union Church, and two rooms in the brick 
 building near the Academy. Tliere were four male and twelve female 
 
 \ \ ■« 
 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 3— Corner of South and Johnston Streets. 
 
 teachers in the employ of the Board. The number of pupils on reg- 
 ister at the High School in 1S51-52 was 34S, and at the Glebe School 
 and Academy about 120. During the first year of the new order of 
 things the number of pupils was doubled. 
 
 William X. Reid was the first principal of the Academy under the 
 new system. He purchased the present Home for the Friendless 
 building and conducted it as a boarding-school, after resigning his po- 
 sition in the Academy. The Board of Education then ceased to use 
 any portion of it. 
 
 For a time a small school was held in the "gymnasium," which 
 was a part of the property transferred to the Board by the Academy 
 trustees. The crowded state of the schools also obliged the Board to 
 make temporary provision for the children by renting the Jlission 
 building of the Baptist Church in west Washington Street for a prim- 
 ar\- department. In the Fall of 1864 they purchased the German Catho- 
 lic Church in Liberty Street, north of Farrington, and in May, 1865, 
 they opened a primary' department m it. Fcjr several years following 
 1862 the Home for the Friendless school was under the care of the 
 Board. 
 
 School No. I, in Washington Street, was erected in 1S57. It has 
 been three times enlarged. The German Catholic Church in 
 Liberty Street was sold after it had been occupied as a school for a 
 short period, and a lot 100x212 feet on the corner of South and Johnston 
 Streets was purchased, on which School Xo. 3 was erected in 1S66, at 
 a cost of 835,830. The opening of this school in January, 1867, marked 
 the commencement of a now era in the history of the public schools 
 of Newburgh. For the first time it was possible to organize a graded 
 school. For the inception and successful accomplishment of this plan 
 the community is largely indebted to Hiram A. Jones, then clerk and 
 superintendent. 
 
 School Xo. 5 was built in 1867, at acost r,f Siir,,7._)5.f,o. The Clinton 
 Street school (Xo. 4) was enlarged in 1870 (for the second time), at a 
 cost of 86,738.92. School No. 2 was erected in 1872 on the site of the 
 High School and library building, at a cost of 837.o7-'Ji' The new 
 Academy was completed in :886, and School No. (,, at the corner of 
 Renwick and Iviberty Streets, is now (September, iS<ji) in course of 
 erection. 
 
 The Academy building contains twenty-one rooms, including the 
 janitor's apartments. School buildings Xos. i, 2 and 3 each contain 
 
 fourteen schoolrooms, Xos. 4 and 5 each si-x rooms, and Xo. 6 con- 
 tains eight classrooms, and a large assembly-room. 
 
 The daily sessions are from ij to 11.30 a. m. and from i to 3 p. m. 
 For many years we have practiced the no-reecss plan, and our ex- 
 perience commends it. In all primary classes a regular ealisthcnie 
 exercise is jjrescribed and practiced during each school session, 
 instead of the recess formerly allowed. 
 
 The manual training school was opened in September, 1886. It 
 occupies a portion of the Clinton Street building, and is sui^phed with 
 an electric motor, lathes, jig saws, hand-tools, benches, etc. It is in 
 cliarge of William J. Woods, a graduate of the Worcester Technical 
 Institute. By far the greater number of boys must, after leaving 
 school, get their living b)' the use of their hands and eyes, and it is 
 evident that whatever of skill with liand or eye they may acquire in 
 their sch(jol training must be greatly to their advantage in after-life, 
 even if not exactly of the same kind as that which shall be required 
 in their daily vocation. But in addition to mechanical skill, habits of 
 carefulness, patience and perseverance are acquired. The ability to 
 do something begets manliness and self-reliance, and tlie more skill 
 he acquires the more respect and appreciation the pupil has for man- 
 ual labor and manual laborers. " If manual training simpljf does 
 nothing but do away with the snobbish notion that labor is degrading, 
 it is worthy of a place in the pubhe schools. " 
 
 With us pupils are trained in the use of the comm':)n hand-t<"jols for 
 working wood, in wood-carving, lathework, cabinet making and 
 mechanical drawing. The course extends through four years, two 
 and a half hours in each week being devoted to it. One hundred and 
 sixty b<jys are in attendance. 
 
 The annual exhibitions of the manual training classes — in carpen- 
 try, drawing, sewing and penmanship — win the highest praise from 
 competent judges. 
 
 The free-book system was adopted in Septemlier, i SS6. The Board 
 provides everything used by the pupils — pens, paper, ink, pads, pen- 
 cils, text books, etc. Experience shows that it has increased the at- 
 tendance at the public sehi>ols, besides creating habits of care and 
 thoughtfulness. 
 
 The teachers hold monthly meetings for an interchange of opin- 
 icins and experience in matters of importance in sehoolwork. All tile 
 
 -.-CIi^jSJ 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO 5 -West Street. 
 
 teaeliers arc required to attend, and tlie superintendent presides. A 
 fjuestion-box is always provided, and through this agency many ques- 
 tions are asked and answered which otherwise would remain unasked 
 and unanswered, and the more experieiice<l teachers inform and in- 
 struct the younger ones. 
 
104 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Believing- that the iiistruetidiis ami iinpressicins of early ynulh are 
 the mostlasting, and patriotism, b.ve i>f Hag and country are among 
 the most commendable virtues of our citizens, and the inculcation of 
 those virtues is properlv within (he jii-ovince of our public scliool sys- 
 tem, the Board of I-:ducation on October 27, iSby, adopted a resolu- 
 
 ^g35?^^5^:^ 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 6-Corner of Liberty and Renwick Streets 
 
 tion offered by Trustee Joseph A. Sneed to the effect that the national 
 Hag be displayed from the school buildings from the opening to the 
 closing of school every school day; that the Principal of each school 
 shall select a color-guard, consisting of a certain number of boys and 
 girls, whose duty it shall be to raise the flag at the opening of school 
 in the morning and lower the same at the close of school in the after- 
 noon, the color-guard to be chosen from among those who during the 
 preceding month have shown the greatest proficiency in their studies. 
 Therefore " Old Glory" waves over the heads of our school children 
 every school day, and other cities and trnvns have followed the ex- 
 ample set by Xewburgh. 
 
 Besides the public schools there are three under the care of the 
 Roman Catholic chutxhes, described in another place, and eight 
 private schools, with an attendance of 1,384 pupils. Notable 
 among the private schools are lit. St. Marv's Academv and 
 Miss Mackie's boarding school for girls, and Siglar's preparatory 
 school for boys. 
 
 THE FREE LIBRARY. 
 
 The library has attained an important position. Its elevating in- 
 fluence is felt and acknowledged, and in a constantly increasing de- 
 gree is recognized and ai^preciated by tlie public. Our people speak 
 of it with pardonable pride, and visiting strangers accord it manv 
 words of commendation. It is provided with a commodious and 
 attractive building, fronting on one of our best streets, and in a cen- 
 tral location with pleasant surroundings. 'I'he rooms are large and 
 inviting, well lighted, and furnished with all Ihat is needed to meet 
 the reasonable demands of those who choose to avail themselves of 
 its privileges. It is open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. on week days 
 throughout the year. The books have been selected with care, are in 
 plain sight, and not disfigured with paper covers. They arc arranged 
 in low cases where they can be readily reached by the library attend- 
 ants. The leading periodicals, with our local daily newspai^ers, are 
 on the reading-room tables for public use. Cyclopedias and f)ther 
 books of reference have been liberally provided, and no part of the 
 library-work is more cheerfully performed by the librarian or his 
 assistants than that of answering questions and giving all possible 
 aid to persons seeking inff)rmation on special subjects. 
 
 The elTorls thai have been made in the past to establish a closer 
 relaticuiship Ijctween the free schools and the free library are produc- 
 ing the desired results. One evidence of this is found in the fact that 
 the Board of Edueatirm, on the recommendation of the superintend- 
 ent of our public schools, has added to the library a teachers' reading 
 room. A portion of the large ujjper room, some- 
 times known as Library Hall, has been tastefully fit- 
 ted u|) and furnished for the purpose, and supplied 
 with books and periodicals adapted to the needs of 
 the teachers in their special vocation. This room can 
 also be used by citizens or strangers who may desire 
 a ipiict retreat for study or literary work. 
 
 The superintendent of our schools has urged upon 
 the teachers the importance of cultivating in the 
 minds of their pupils a taste for useful reading. The 
 teachers have heartily co-operated, and, among 
 other means to this end, have been in the habit of fre- 
 quently suggesting special historical or scientific 
 questions for investigation by the jDupils. This re- 
 quires the use of such books in the library as will aid 
 them in their researches, and leads them to a course 
 of reading which they soon find is profitable and 
 pleasant. The superintendent, librarian and teachers, 
 having the same end in view, without any premedi- 
 tated plan have been working in concert, and to a 
 considerable extent have accomplished their purpose. 
 This library was organized September 7, 1S52, 
 and is among the oldest of the free public circulating 
 libraries. Previous to 1S50 there was none in Great 
 Britain, but four in this State, ten in the Xew 
 England States, and besides these but si.x in the 
 But one of these libraries organized previous to 1S50 
 loks or as large a circulation now as the Xewburgh 
 
 I'nited States, 
 has as many b 
 
 Free Library, and 
 butions antl is frc 
 
 that one is supi^orted by voluntary coutri- 
 J only to minors. At a meeting of the 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 105 
 
 Board of Education, held September 7, 1S52, on motion of 
 George W. Kerr, it was resolved "that all the school libra- 
 ries be consolidated and placed together in the academy room 
 now m readiness." At the next meeting William N. Rcid was 
 appointed librarian; 924 volumes from the High School, 737 from the 
 Glebe, and 418 from the Academy were thus united and deposited in 
 one of the smaller rooms of the Academy, making a total of 2 079 
 volumes. These were carefully examined, the duplicate volumes 
 thrown out, and some additions made by purchase. Five hundred 
 catalogues were procured and the library, with 2,001 volumes, was 
 opened to the pubhc Saturday, November 6, 1S52, from 2 to 3 p. m., 
 and at the same hour each succeeding Saturday, until January, ^861' 
 when by an amendment of the rules it was required to be open on 
 Tuesdays from 7 to 9 p. m. for adult males and young men not 
 connected with the schools, on Thursdays from i to 5 p. m., ex- 
 clusively for ladies, and on Saturdays from S a. m. to 12 m. for the 
 school children. This arrangement continued until 1S65, since 
 which time it has been open daily, except on Sundays and legal 
 holidays. In i860 more room and better accommodations 
 were needed for the proper care of the books, and a neat V 
 library building was erected on the corner of Grand and Camp- 
 bell Streets, adjoining the High School building, at a cost of 
 $2,494.49. This was occupied until 1872, when the High 
 School and Library buildings were removed, the present No. 
 2 Grammar School building erected, and a room in the north- 
 east wing fitted up for the accommodation of the library. 
 
 In 1862 the books of the Mechanics' Library Association « 
 were transferred to the Board of Education, and by this ar- 
 rangement 2,801 volumes were added to the library. In 1873 a . 
 fund of S734 was donated to the Board of Education by the h^ 
 Mechanics' Librars- Association upon the stipulation that it [ 
 
 L 
 
 CLASSIFIED CONTENTS OF THE LIBRARY. 
 
 Fo/s. Per cent. 
 
 Poetry, periodicals and miscellany 4,268 24.45 
 
 History, geography and travels 3,660 20.97 
 
 Adult fiction 2,869 i6-44 
 
 Art and science 2,010 11.52 
 
 Biography 1,358 7.79 
 
 U. S. Government pubhcations 1,098 6.29 
 
 Juvenile fiction 762 4.37 
 
 Juvenile history, biography, etc 549 3.15 
 
 New York State publications 496 2.85 
 
 Cyclopedias, dictionaries and atlases 379 2.17 
 
 17,450 100. 
 
 i 
 
 be expended annually in the purchase of scientific books. 
 
 In 1875 a lot on Grand Street, opposite School No. 2, was 
 purchased, and the erection of a fine building was commenced 
 in 1876, under the superintendence of Thomas Kimball. John A. 
 Wood, of New York, was the architect; William Hilton & Son, 
 carpenters; Thomas Dobbin, mason. The building was completed 
 in June, 1577. Charles Estabrook was appointed Ubrarian April 18, 
 1877, ^nd Charles A. Peck and Frank E. Estabrook were appointed 
 assistants. T'ne library was opened for the delivery of books Feb- 
 ruary 13, 1878, with 10,421 volumes. In September, 1878, a card sys- 
 tem of keeping accounts was introduced by the librarian, and is still 
 in use. By this system it is possible with the present library force to 
 receive and dehver three thousand volumes daily, and keep an accu- 
 rate account and a dailj' record of the work and condition of the libra- 
 ry. In 1882 the late Rev. John Forsyth, D. D., presented the library 
 with 603 volumes, many of them rare and very valuable as books of 
 reference, which, if lost, could probably not be replaced; and in 1889 
 299 volumes were received from his heirs. In October, 1884, George 
 W. Kerr and Eugene A. Brewster, executors of the estate of the late 
 Rev. John Brown, D. D., deposited in the library the original records 
 of the Newburgh Academy from 1807 to 1856, and his family added 
 to the library 20 large volumes of old and rare books, some of them 
 being fine specimens of block printing and hand illuminations pub- 
 lished in 1468. Many volumes are presented yearly. 
 
 In October, 1884, a letter was received from Dr. Theodore Vetter, 
 of Frauenfeld, Switzerland, asking for some information, and stating 
 that he was preparing a lecture on libraries in America, was familiar 
 with some of the prominent libraries of Boston, New York and other 
 large cities, had visited the Newburgh Free Library, was very 
 much pleased with its arrangement, and selected it as a model for 
 libraries in smaller cities. 
 
 The library room is also used as a reading room, and besides the 
 building contains the private office of the librarian, the office of the 
 superintendent of schools, and the meeting room of the Board of 
 Education, which is also used as a reading room and meeting place 
 for teachers. Mr. Estabrook continues as the efficient librarian, and 
 his present assistants are Miss Lillie O. Estabrook and Thomas M. 
 Hawthorne. 
 
 RES. CHURCH. 
 
 THE FREE LIBRARY— 100 and 102 Grand Street. 
 
 BOARD OF EDUCATION. 
 
 The members of the Board in past years have been as follows: 
 
 Alsdorf, Egbert 1862-65 
 
 Belknap, Moses C 1SS4- 
 
 Beveredge, John 1S52-57 
 
 Beveridge, Thomas 1858-60 
 
 Brewster, Eugene A. .. .1858-63, 
 '67-68, '73-77, 'So-84 
 
 Brown, Rev. John 1S52-58 
 
 Brown, Jacob 1855 
 
 Callahan, WiUiam H 1861 
 
 Case, Robert L 1874-77 
 
 Cassedy, Abram S 1874-78 
 
 Clapp, George M 1865 
 
 Clark, George 1858-60 
 
 Corwin, John 1864-73, '77-81 
 
 Culbert, W. A. M., M. D. 1855-57 
 
 Dickson, James R 1857-59 
 
 Ely, Smith, M. D 1876-80 
 
 Embler, Charles J 1881-85 
 
 Estabrook, Charles 1864-67 
 
 Forsyth, Rev. John 1853-77 
 
 Gearn, Walter W 1876-80 
 
 George, Thomas 1859-61 
 
 Gregory, L. B 1852-54 
 
 Haines, Provost S 1S67-70 
 
 Harrison, WiUiam 1885- 
 
 Hasbrouck, Charles H...1884-SS 
 
 Hastings, James 1887- 
 
 Hirschberg. Michael H. . .1871-83 
 
 Johnes, Edward R 1S61-63 
 
 Jones, Nathaniel 1852-56 
 
 Jones, Hiram A 1 S78-82 
 
 Kerr, George W 1S52-54 
 
 Kimball, Thomas. . . .1S64-67, '73 
 
 King, Stephen 1882-86 
 
 Lawson, John K 1858-61 
 
 Leonard, Chancey M 1869-71 
 
 Leonard, D. Gillis 1852-57, 
 
 '60-62, '64 
 
 Lewis, John N 1870-72 
 
 Martin, Cyrus B 1868-73 
 
 McCroskery, John J. S..1880-S4, 
 
 ■84-S7 
 McCutcheon, Hugh 1863-66 
 
 '68-69 
 
 Merritt, Theodore 1870 
 
 Moore, Bartholomew B.. 1872-75 
 
 Monell, John J 1852-54, '65 
 
 Peck, AViUiam E 1862-64 
 
 Reeve, Charles F. V 1S52 
 
 Reilley, John 1872-75 
 
 Ring, Thomas C 1852-57 
 
 Rogers, Daniel T. .1866-72, '75-79 
 Ruttenber, Edward M. . .1S57-64, 
 
 '66-69, '82-86 
 
 Scott, David A 18S7-90 
 
 .Skidmore, Edwin T 1877-S1 
 
 Smith, Lewis M 18S1-89 
 
 Smith, Orville M. .1856-57, '59-64 
 Sneed, Joseph A. .1886-90, '90- 
 
 Thayer, John S 1855 
 
 Valentine, John H 1S90- 
 
 Van Buren, John D 1883 
 
 Van Dalfsen, James T. . .1883-87 
 
 Wands, William S 1888- 
 
 Ward, Peter 1S61-66 
 
 Westervelt, John L 187S-82, 
 
 '86- 
 
 Weygant, Charles H 1877 
 
 Williams, George A 1879-83 
 
 Williams, Samuel 1856-5S 
 
 Wilson, Nicholas 1867-75 
 
 WooUey, Charles N.,M. D.1889- 
 
 SUl'ERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS. 
 
 Banks, Hugh S 1S57-59 Miller, John 1883-86 
 
 Jones, Nathaniel 1S52- 57 Mont'ort, R, V. K., M. D. 1859-63, 
 
 Jones, Hiram A 1864-72 '72- i, 'S6-91 
 
 Ruttenber, Edward M. 1S63-64 
 
io6 
 
 NEWBUKGH 
 
 The present members of the Board of Education are Moses C. 
 Belknap, President; William Harrison, \'ice-President; Charles N. 
 Woolley, Joseph A. Sneed, John L. Westervelt, James Hastings, 
 John H. Valentine, William S. Wands. Dr. R. V. K. Montfort, Clerk. 
 
 OLD ACADEMY BOYS. 
 
 From the Address by Hon. J . C. uraliant^ at Dedication of neio Academy^ 
 Seftemher .?, iS.SO. 
 
 It is most fitting that this festal day for this new Academy has 
 come when the fervid Summer has just passed into the golden Au- 
 tumn, freshened by cooler airs, and under skies as blue, and surround- 
 ed by landscapes as sunny and bright as in the days of June. Nature 
 has rendered homage to the day with pomp and glory of the sky and 
 plain and hillside. 
 
 We are honored, too, by the presence of dignitaries of the State — 
 one who has rendered service in halls of legislation, and is advanced 
 now to yet higher and more influential position as head of the De- 
 partment of Public Instruction. Here also have come brave ofiicers 
 and learned Professors from \\'est Point, and meml:iers of the Board 
 of Education of our sister city of Poughkeepsie. Here are gathered, 
 too, teachers of to-day in goodly number, and present members of the 
 Board of Education, imder whose wise oversight this splendid hall 
 has been reared; and members also of former Boards. 
 
 ster, when addressing the veterans of the Revolution, in his famous 
 Bunker Hill oration: 
 
 " Venerable men, you have eoine down to us from a former generation." 
 
 Of later graduates in my o\\'n time, some are living, and some of 
 these are with us to-day— William Walsh and Henry Cornwell— those 
 model scholars in studious habits and exemplary conduct, and in later 
 years devoted and eloquent ministers of religion and genial and ac- 
 complished men. David Gedney, who, as a writer and speaker, was 
 the model after whom other students tried U> copy, alas ! so often in 
 vain, became naturally an eminent lawyer and wore the judicial er- 
 mine without a stain. (Irant Edgar, too, then, as well as now, al- 
 ways doing well the work he had to do, and who in maturer life, both 
 in the workshop among his men and in self-denying labors on the 
 coal docks and in prison cells, so beautifully illustrates, in a way so 
 rare and yet so needed, the reality of the religion he professes. Walker 
 Fowler, a valued friend and college chum, as well as schoolmate, who, 
 after much judicial service here, is now a successful farmer m Dakota, 
 a region whose marvelous growth reads almost like a page from the 
 "Arabian Nights." And there was "Tom" jMcKissock, another life- 
 long friend and a fellow student, also in the law office of his honored 
 father— Judge McKissock, and Judge Bate, whose early homes, as 
 as well as that of \V. C. Hasbrouck, were all so near my father's in 
 the Wahkill Vallev. For years ' ' Tom" has been a famous civil engi- 
 neer, m the Missis'sippi Valley. And " Gus" Ruggles, whose then de- 
 lightful home in Washington Place was my favorite resort in the 
 strawberry season, became a successful banker in Wisconsin. Berrian 
 
 
 THE OLD ACADEMY, 
 
 Here, too, have come one or two survivors of the teachers of 
 former years, with eyesight dimmed, and locks thin and whitening. 
 One short year ago there was gatliered to his rest among tlie green 
 hills of Vermont, one whom wc all knew and loved — Irena:us Prime 
 — who, after service as a teacher here, made his home in our great 
 city by the sea, and there, in thelarger field of journalism and author- 
 ship, and public speech, made for himself a treasured name even in 
 other lands than this. 
 
 There have also come survivors of former scholars of the old 
 Academy, and yet how thin and scattered are their ranks I 
 
 The old Academy had stood and done its work for well nigh a 
 century, and with the passing years the great reaper was gathering 
 many to His harvest. 
 
 No record in those earlier daj^s was preserved of the scholars in its 
 charge, and there was no daily paper then, and their names can only 
 be gathered from some stray publications in the journals of the day, 
 of perchance some public exhibition, and from the uncertain recollec- 
 tions of survivors. I can only speak of the students of my own time — not 
 of that far larger number who preceded and who followed me, who 
 are doubtless quite as deserving of mention, and whose names and 
 histories will be readily recalled by all our citizens. 
 
 Here on this platform may be seen a few of the survivors of earlier 
 classes, and they must attriliute it to my feeling of respectful rever- 
 ence alone, if I feel almost like using towards them the words of Web- 
 
 Halstead, genial and bright, who also became a bank president in 
 New \ ork ; and Charles I lasbrouck also, now a bank president, as boy 
 and man, beloved by all. Sebring Fowler, long a successful mer- 
 chant here, and whose sons are accomplished lawyers and railroad 
 presidents. Frank Ironmonger, a skilled phvsician'in Brooklvn; Ed- 
 ward Wells, an eloquent and successful lawyer of Westchester County. 
 Oscar Hasbrouck, whose home is on a farm near Modena, and is the 
 envy of his schoolmates as being a director in half the banks in Ulster. 
 Ihere too were the Carpenter boys, Gilbert and Lewis and John, and 
 my younger friend, Richard Smith, whose present dwelling place 
 amid fruits and flowers might well have been the envy both of Shen- 
 stone and Epicurus, had thev lived and flourished in'our day, under 
 the elms of Grand Street. 
 
 The roll of my dead schoolmates of that day is longer than that of 
 the hving; Jacob Fowler, a model man in business and social life; 
 Daniel Boice, who as a faithful law^-er enjoyed general confidence; 
 Jonas Williams, a prominent business man and cultured gentleman, 
 so recently taken from us; William Williams, who fell in the War for 
 the Union; David Colden Ruggles, who was also a victim in that un- 
 holy Rebellion, and lost his life by the torturing cruelties of Salisbury 
 Prison; Charles Ruggles, who died young after an honorable career 
 as a lawyer at Poughkeepsie; Christopher Vanduzer, who shared 
 largely in his famdy gifts of brilhant eloquence and manlv beauty; 
 uaniel Rogers, taken away from his beautiful home just as he begun 
 
N R W 13 U R G H 
 
 107 
 
 to cnj'iy It; and Thomas Farrincjtou and Joseph KimlinU and John J 
 \Valsh all roUicking- boys, and vet guud students. The first two, 
 ^"'t"" ?■. I'^'thfnl service as ministers in our State, were laid awav from 
 their hte-\vork in our neighboring cemetery, when middle life was 
 reached. \\ alsh liecame a missionarv to India, and then soon after 
 returninghome,he,too,likeall the others of this hst I have named 
 heard his name called fr. .m the Starry Hei.ghts and answered, as did < .Id 
 Lolonel Newconibe at the last, " Adsuni " {•' Here"), and passed int.. 
 the^presence ot the Heavenly Master. 
 
 These dead sehoolniates,'as their memories come up to me to-dav 
 present themselves m.jst prominently as Academy "boys " I cannot 
 picture them on the walls of memory as grave, careworn grey- 
 headed men, but as bovs, bright and gav-hearted, studying as hard 
 as they thought good for their health, doubtless, but when play-time 
 came giving then all the energies to the business in hand. The large 
 play-grounds, then reaching from Mr. AVilliams' garden to South 
 Street, gave fine room for ball-pla^-ing, while for riding down hill 
 there never was such a h.cation, and "never did boys better impn.ve 
 their opportunities. Sleighs were brought along to scho(.l in Winter 
 almost as regailarly as books. We commenced at the doorsteps, and 
 wentwnth some velocity, you may imagine, by the time we reached 
 the foot of South Street; and even study hours in the evening were 
 shortened so that we might haye a ieyv rides, and thus drink in health 
 with every inspiratK.n t.f that Winter air. Glori(.us sports, glorious 
 days and nights they were— never to be seen again on earth, save in 
 the magic mirror of memory. 
 
 JOHN LAWSON WESTERVELT, School Trustee, is descended 
 from Lubbertse van Westervelt, who, with his two brothers and 
 their families, emigrated from Meppel, in the Province Dreuthe, Hol- 
 land, by the ship 
 Hope in April, 
 1662, and settled 
 near Hackensack, 
 New Jersey. Kas- 
 parus, grandson of 
 Lubbertse, e x- 
 changed his prop- 
 erty in New Jersey 
 for fifteen hundred 
 acres on the east 
 side of the Hudson, 
 four miles Ijclow 
 Poughkeepsie. On 
 this tract of land 
 lohn L. Westervelt 
 was born June 27. 
 I S 2 (.. T he old 
 deed, made in the 
 ici<n of George H, 
 s still in his pos- 
 sLssiou. His edu- 
 t ition \vas obtain- 
 d at a country 
 schoolhouse. After 
 Lai ning the trade 
 ot a silversmith at 
 W aid en. Orange 
 County, X. v., he 
 came to Newburgh 
 in 1848 and worked for a time at his trade. In 1853 he opened a shop 
 at the comer of Fifth and Water Streets, in the second story, and since 
 that date has been engaged in the manufacture of silverware, adding 
 of late sohd rings and the selling of fine diamonds and jewelry. His 
 place of business is now at 142 Water Street. 
 
 In 1849 Mr. Westervelt became a member of tlie Presl^yterian 
 Church under the Rev. John Johnston, J). fJ., and has ever since been 
 an active and successful Christian worker. Leaving the old church 
 with the famihes who built Calvary Church, he was, in January, 1857, 
 soon after its organization, ordained an elder of that church and af- 
 terward superintended its .Sabbath school. He filled the same offices 
 at the First Presbyterian Church, where as Superintendent of the Sab- 
 bath school for six years he was never absent a single Sabbath. Re- 
 moving to Union Churcli when I )r. Wendell Prime became its pastr.r, 
 
 JOHN L. y/ESTER/ELT. 
 
 he gathered a 1-Jiljle class of young men, which he taught for eighteen 
 >-ears. During that time the class had about one hundred and fifty 
 members, many of whom are now earnestly enga.ged in Christian work 
 in Ne\ybui-ghand other ptirts of the land. 
 
 Although never a politician, Jlr. Westervelt has always taken a 
 deep and active interest in public affairs. It is an interesting fact 
 that to fiUa vacancy and by appointment of Hon. George Clark, New- 
 burgh's first Mayor, he sat in the county legislature just one day as 
 Supervisor for the Second Ward of the city. In 1878 he was elected 
 and ill 1S86 and 1S90 twice re-elected a member of the Board of Edu- 
 cation, each time by large majorities. In the Board he has always 
 been an advocate of measures that would increase the advantages 
 of the children of the poor. March 10, 1S80, and again November 16, 
 1S81, he offered a resolution providing that the Board purchase all the 
 text books and otJier supplies used by the pupils, and until its adop- 
 tion he was the unswerving and zealous advocate of the free-book sys- 
 tem, one of the many points of excellence in the Newburgh schools. 
 Mr. Westervelt's personal popularity with the pupils in the schools is 
 evinced by the rounds of applause viiich greet him when he rises to 
 speak in the assembly room in his always interesting and enjoyable 
 manner. In iS5i> Mr. Westervelt was married to Catherine Gorham, a 
 native of Newburgh, by whom he has had seven children, five of 
 whom — four sons and a daughter — are still living and happily married. 
 
 WILLIAM HARRISON, Vice President of the Board of Educa- 
 tion, was born in the North of Ireland, May 9, 1S32. His father's 
 progenitors e m i- 
 grated there from 
 England, and his 
 mother's (the Al- 
 exanders) from 
 Glasgow, Scotland . 
 His parents died 
 ^vhen he was yet 
 a lad, and in his 
 14th year he came 
 to America ^yith 
 his sister. 
 
 For sever a ! 
 months he lived 
 in New York, and 
 afterwards, for 
 short peri(.ds, in 
 the A" i 1 1 a g e s of 
 Walden and Mont- 
 gomery. He set 
 tied permanently 
 in Newd.urgh in 
 1S4S. In 1^50 111.' 
 engaged with Ge- 
 rard & Boyd lo 
 learn the mason's 
 trade, and after 
 serving his time 
 worked for a year 
 or two in New 
 
 York. About 1S62 he started as a builder on his own account in 
 Newd)urgh, and has continued in active business here ever since. 
 
 He was elected a member of the Board of Education in 1SS5, and 
 re-elected in 1889. For several years he has been the Vice President 
 of the Board and Chairman of the Building Coininittee. Under aji- 
 pointment from the Board he superintended the constructi(.n of the 
 new Academy. 
 
 Mr. Harrison was for many years, previous to 1SS5, a member of 
 the First Reff.rmed Presbyterian Church, long an officer of the so- 
 ciety and superintendent of the Sabbath school. He is now a mem- 
 lier of Trinity Church, and superintendent of its Sabbath school. He 
 married Sarah, daughter of the late Matthew Duke, of Newburgh, 
 and has five sous. 
 
 WILLIAM HARRISON, 
 
io8 
 
 NEWBUKGH 
 
 JAMES HASTINGS, School Trustee, was born in the Xmlh ol 
 Ireland in 1S37, came to Newbiu-gh when four or five years old, ami was 
 educated in the public schools. Since 1S66 he lias l)een in business 
 
 in the stove, tin- 
 ware and pliinibintj 
 tra<lc. I le scr\-ed 
 his apprcnticcsliip 
 as a plumljer and 
 tinsmith with Juhn 
 Lomas. He has a 
 well equipped es- 
 tablishment at if'2 
 Broadway. During" 
 the war Mr. Hast- 
 ings went til the 
 frijnt in i.sCii and 
 again in iSf>2 as a 
 member nf Com- 
 pany I, 71st Regi- 
 ment of JMilitia. 
 
 In 1S87 he was 
 elected tn the 
 Iiuard of Educa- 
 tion by the Repub- 
 lican party for the 
 term of four j-ears, 
 and was re-elected 
 in I S 9 1 . H e i s 
 Chairman <if the 
 Finance Commit- 
 tee. In i.Sijo he 
 ■was honored by his 
 part)? with the 
 nomination for JIayor of the city. He is a member r,{ Xewburgh 
 Lodge, F. & A. M., and a trustee of the Masonic Hall Association. 
 He is also a member of Acme Lodge, I. O. 0. F"., I'ullerton Post, 
 G. A. R. , and the Union Presbyterian 
 Church. He married Mary A. Brown, (A 
 Newburgh, and has two sons and three 
 daughters. 
 
 CHARLES N. WOOLLEY, M. D.. 
 
 Sch(jc)l Trustee, was Ijoni at S(juthanipton, 
 L. I., October S, 183S. He attended the 
 public school and Southampton Academy. 
 After teaching several years he prepared 
 for college, and entered Michigan University 
 in 1.S62. Immediately after graduating he 
 entered upon the study of medicine, at- 
 tending lectures at Bellevue Medical Col- 
 lege, New York, and Long Island College 
 Flospital, Brooklyn. After graduating at 
 the latter institution he married Miss Mar- 
 garet B. Fithian, and began the practice 
 of his profession in Walden, N. Y. Five 
 years later, 1873, he came to Newburgh. 
 Almost immediately he acquired a large and 
 lucrative practice, and has long Ijeen one of 
 our most popular practitioners. He became 
 a member of the Board of Education in 
 1S89, and is now Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Teachers. 
 
 JAMES HASTINGS. 
 
 JOSEPH A. SNEED, School Trustee, 
 was Ijoni in Newburgh in J.S39, in the 
 part called Old Town. lie iirst attended the 
 in Liberty .Street, and afterwards in the comb factoi-\- on the 
 side hill — on property now owned by S. R. Van Duzer. At that time 
 the school was taught by John L. Lyon. At the age of fourteen lie 
 
 eiilcred tile employment of A. K. Chandler, a dry goods merchant, 
 as cash lioy, and witli one or two short intermissions remained there 
 until the breaking cjut of the Rebellion. Then he enlisted (April, 
 1S61) in Captain S. 
 W. F'u Her ton's 
 eonij>aiiy <f]' tile 
 Third New York 
 Voluiileer Infantry 
 as a pri\'ate, for 
 two y ea r s. I! e 
 was honoralily dis- 
 charged in j\lay, 
 1863, then holding 
 the position of Or- 
 derly Sergeant. 
 I luring the latter 
 part of the Sum- 
 mer and the Fall 
 of 1863, with Cap- 
 tain James Ander- 
 son and Lieutenant 
 J. K. R. Oakley, he 
 recruited a com- 
 pany for the gSth 
 New York \'olun- 
 teer Infantry, and 
 was commissioned 
 Second Lieutenant 
 of the same by 
 Ciovernor Horatio 
 Seymour. He was 
 mustered out at 
 the Chesapeake 
 Hospital for disabihty in the Fall of 1S64. Since the war .Mr. Sneea 
 has been almost continuously engaged in the marketing, provisions 
 and livestock business. For the past four years he has had the man- 
 agement of Armour & Co.'s branch house at 
 Newburgh, and he is also a partner in the 
 firm of Sneed & JIathcws. 
 
 Politically he has always been a Repub- 
 lican. He cast his maiden vote for Abra- 
 iiam Lincoln in 1S64. In 1SS4 he was elected 
 Alderman from the Third \Vard, and was 
 President of the Board in 1SS5. In 1SS6 he 
 was elected a member of the Board of Edu- 
 cation on the free text book issue; and in 
 the Spring of iS.)i he was re-elected for iour 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Snccd lias well defined impressions 
 concerning practical education, and has 
 been a most valuable member of the Board. 
 The introduction of manual training in the 
 luiblic schools was mainly brought about 
 througli his personal efforts, and he has 
 seen the system developed into an import- 
 ance not even dreamed of at its initiation. 
 Believing that patriotism and l..ve of the 
 country's fiag should be instilled m the 
 \ouHiful mind as well as arithmetic and 
 grammar, he iiitro.Uiced the resolution that 
 the flag should wave over every schoolhouse 
 in tile city each schooldav. 
 
 JOSEPH A, SNEED 
 
 CHARLES H. WOOLLEY, M. U, 
 Id C,lcbe school, 
 
 WILLIAM S. -WANDS, School Trus- 
 tee, was l)oni ill the province of New Bruns- 
 came to Newburgli with his parents in 1852. 
 years old he has been a wage-earner. He Icarii- 
 
 Ile 
 
 wick in 1S39. 
 
 Since fourteen 
 
 ed the trade of pattern-maker in tlie ,,ld ^Vashington Iron Works. 
 
 l^iom IS;,, to isso he was emjiloycd in the \Vcst Point Foundry 
 
NEWBUHGH. 
 
 109 
 
 at Cold Spring, and since that time has been fi)reman of the 
 pattern-malting department of the Wright Engine Works in this city, 
 
 which is one cf the largest engine-building concerns in Ih 
 
 Jlr. Wands is a valued member of St. 
 John's 11. E. Church, of which he has been 
 a trustee and superintendent of the Sabbath 
 school for a number of years. He married 
 Anna, daughter of Andi-e\v l)arby, of New- 
 burgh. George M. Wands, of the firm of 
 McGiffert & Wands, soap manufacturers, is 
 his son. 
 
 S«»' > S 
 
 JOHN H. VALENTINE, School Trus- 
 tee, was born at Pecl^skill, X. Y., in 1S60, 
 and is the youngest member of the Board, 
 and the only representative of the Demo- 
 cratic party in the body. He was a warm 
 supporter of the successful movement to 
 secure a public school fur Washington 
 Heights, and has taken a deep interest 
 in the details of its construction, as his 
 experience in building qualifies him to do. 
 Two handsome dwellings on the Heights 
 were erected by him, one of which he has 
 sold, and the other he still occupies. He 
 is an otScer of the Washington Heights 
 Congregational Church, and was until re- 
 cently interested in the Xewburgh Reed 
 Company, manufacturers of reed chairs, 
 which business he helped to establish. For 
 some years past he has been connected 
 with the wholesale grocer)' house of J. G. 
 Powers & Co. , of New York. He was until 
 recently president of the Xewburgh Democratic Association. 
 married Miss Clara Baldwin, of this citv. 
 
 e countrv. 
 
 WILLIAM S. WANDS 
 
 R. V. K. MONTFORT, M. D., Clerk of the Board of Education 
 and Superintendent of the Public Schools, was liorn at Fishkill Vil- 
 lage, X'. Y., March 23, 1S35. He was only a 
 few weeks old when his father died. His 
 early life was a series of struggles to obtain 
 an education, but so ambitious was he, and 
 so untiring in his efforts, that he was enabled 
 to accomphsh his desires. After passing 
 through the common schools he attended 
 the private school of Rev. T. F. Pingry at 
 Fishkill. Such good progress did he make in 
 his studies, that when only fifteen years old 
 he obtained a position as teacher in a dis- 
 trict school. For several years following 
 he taught schools in Dutchess and Putnam 
 Counties, and in his leisure hours improved 
 his education by private study. 
 
 He came to X'ewburgh as teacher in tht 
 Academy February 14, 1853, remaining as 
 assistant to WiUiam X. Reid till July, 1854. 
 
 Having already taken up the study oi 
 medicine in the hours not employed in the 
 schoolroom, he relinquished his position 
 as a teacher that he might .give his whole 
 time to his medical studies, which were 
 thereafter pursued under th-i oversight of 
 Dr. Gilbert C. Monell, wh'j then resided at 
 the corner of Montgomery and Third 
 Streets. With this skillful practitioner ho 
 remained till he entered the Albany Medical 
 College, from which institution he was 
 graduated in December, 1856. Immediately after , 
 commenced the practice of his profession in this city. 
 
 (^raduating lit 
 
 III October, 1S59, h^ ^^'^^ elected to the responsible oihce of Clerk 
 f the Board of Education and Superintendent of the Public Schools 
 f Xewburgh. The school buildings then consisted of the old Acad- 
 emy, the High School, the Clinton Street 
 School, the school for colored children in 
 Washington Street, and the school at the 
 corner of Washington and William Streets, 
 then a very small building, accf)mmodating 
 not more than two hundred pupils. He re- 
 signed in September, 1862, and accepted a 
 commission as Assistant Surgeon in the 
 124th New York Volunteers (Orange Blos- 
 soms). He was on every battlefield of the 
 Army of the Potomac from Chancellorsville 
 to the end of the war, and was one of the 
 five original ofiicers who served with the 
 regiment during its whole term of service. 
 He was promoted Surgeon March, 1865. 
 In endorsing the numerously signed recom- 
 mendation for his promotion, Orpheus 
 Everts, Surgeon-in-Chief of the Third Di- 
 vision of the Second Corps, wmte. " There 
 IS no medical officer with whom I am ac- 
 quainted more worthy, or better quahfied 
 for promotion, than Dr. Montfort;" and 
 Medical Director Dougherty, of the Second 
 Corps (Hancock's) joined in the above 
 recommendation. For a period Dr. Mont- 
 fort was executive officer of the division 
 hospital. 
 
 He was niusterefl out ol" service in 
 June, 1S65. The following year he was ap- 
 pointed Health Officer of the City of New- 
 burgh, and served four years. He was Alms House physician in 
 1865 and 1 866; physician to the Home for the Friendless, 1S66-82, and 
 a member of the staff of St. Luke's IIosi:)ital {mm its organization 
 to the present j-ear. In 1S6S he was Assistant Cattle Commissioner 
 to investigate the outbreak (jf Texas fever in Orange County, and 
 Inspector of the State Board of Health to investigate the outbreak of 
 supposed typhus fever during the construc- 
 tion of the West Shore Railway. 
 
 In 1S67 Dr. Montfort was one of the 
 charter niembers of Ellis Post, G. A. R. 
 and ever since has been one of the most 
 helpful members. Seven times its Comman- 
 der, he is now serving his fifth consecutive 
 term. He has been a Ti'ustee of the Glebe 
 fourteen years. He has been a member of 
 St. Paul's Church since its foundation; was 
 a niember of its first Board of Vestrymen, 
 and continued a vestryman to about 1S76. 
 He was one of the founders of the Young 
 Men's Christian Association, and a mem- 
 ber for more than twenty years. He also 
 holds a membership in the Orange County 
 Ale(Hcal Society. Not the least of the many 
 trusts confided to him was the secretarj-ship 
 of the Centennial Committee. This was not 
 the trivial work of a day, but a prolonged 
 labor of a national importance, discharged 
 w ilh singular ability. 
 
 lint Dr. Moutforl's Ijest service to his 
 community has been as Superintendent of 
 ilie Schools. For nineteen years he has fill- 
 ed a position demanding high mental abih- 
 ties. His long retention therein, and the ad- 
 vancement which the schools have made un- 
 her his administration, tells the kind of a 
 man he is. ])r. Montforfs first wife died in October, 1864. In 1870 
 he married Theodosia P.. Croweil, of X^ewburgh. 
 
 VALFNTU^lE 
 
no 
 
 N E W B U K 'j 
 
 JAMES M. CRANE, A. M., rrinciiial ..f llu 
 Acadcraw is a (k'Sceiuliiiit nf SU'i'lKii Crane, w 1; 
 I^lynicnith, England, and si-ttlcd in New JcrscN'. 
 
 Nowlmrgli Free 
 . enngraleil Ircini 
 His 'jreal-,L','rand- 
 
 R V. K MONTFORT. 
 
 Public Schools, 
 
 father, Josiah Crane (who was the grandson of Stephen) was a Cap- 
 tain in the American Army of the Revolution, and about the year 
 1783 came from Morristo^Yn, N. J., and settled in the Town of Wall- 
 kill, Orange County, X. Y. 
 
 James M. was born near Circlcville. Cjrange County, N. Y. Ilis 
 father (Josiah 2nd) was a farmer and Justice of the Peace, and during 
 his life spent much time in teaching. In early life Prof. Crane at- 
 tended the district schools, and at the age of seventeen began to teach 
 school. He took a collegiate jjreparatory course under a private tutor 
 and also in a private school in Circleville, but afterwards decided to 
 take a Normal course. Entering the State Xormal School at Albany 
 in September, 1862, he was graduated in July of the following year. 
 Since then he has been teaching in the public schools of the State 
 continuously. He was Princijjal of the Roslyn, L. I., puLilic school 
 part of a vear, leaving there to take a similar position at Walden, N. 
 Y. After thiee years' service at that place he was appointed Princi- 
 pal of Newburgh Grammar School Xo. 4, in September, 1S66. Two 
 vears later he was transferred to (he Academy and appointed 
 assistant Principal. 
 
 For eighteen years he was the instructor of the graduating class. 
 His ability ami thoroughness as a teacher of the higher branches 
 earned not only the entire confidence of the Trustees, but in a marked 
 degree the respect and good-will of his students. When Prof. 
 Doughty retired in jSS6, Mr. Crane succeeded hiiu, and as Principal 
 of the Newburgh Academy he fills a most honorable and resjionsible 
 position. 
 
 In 1885 Professor Crane was elected by the Republican party a 
 member of the Board of Water Commissioners, to iill a vacancy, and 
 in 1886 he was re-elected for the full term of five years. For three 
 years he was President of the Board, He is a Trustee of Calvary 
 Church, and a Trustee of Newburgh Lodge, F. & A. M. His hon- 
 r>rarv de.gree was conferred by llnion College in 1890. 
 
 WILLIAM H. KELLY, Principal of Crammar School Xo. I, is 
 a nali\-e ol" Cleiis l-'alls, X. W. where lie attended the common 
 schools, and afterward received an academical training. At the 
 i-arly age of seventeen he ado], ted the ],rofession which he has fol- 
 h.weil with marked success all his Ii(e. He first taught school at 
 Lake Ceorge. It was in 1S57 that he came to Newburgh, and in 
 i.M,olie was leaching the New Windsor seh<,ol. He was appointed 
 to bis present position in Se])leniber, isi.i. Since then the school 
 edifice has been enlarged three times ; the number of pupils has 
 increased from two hundred to nearly eight hundred; then there 
 were but (nuv teachers, now there are seventeen. 
 
 Asiilc from the duties of his profession, Mr. Kelly has been related 
 to several things worthy of note. In early manhood he was an ex- 
 pert in the game of baseball, and on coming to Newburgh his skill 
 as a jiitchcr was first enlisted for the Newburgh club, and next for 
 the famous Hudson Rivers. He continued in that pleasant relation 
 during the subsequent existence ot the club, participating in nearly 
 all its great games. He has been a useful man in Trinity Church. 
 For thirty years he has been the Secretary of its Sabbath School, 
 for many' years the leader of the church choir and of the singing in 
 the Sabbath School ; fourteen years a Steward, and now a Trustee. 
 In his political relations he has been a Republican. He was an 
 Assessor nine years, an Alderman four years, and for one year 
 President of the Common Council. He has been a Mason since 1863, 
 and a member of Leonard Steamer Company since 187S. 
 
 CHARLES E. SNYDER, LL. B., Principal of Grammar School 
 No. 2, was born in C'.nstablcvdle. Lewis County, X. Y.. January- 10, 
 1S36. His father, John Snyder, was a descendant of an old Dutch 
 family of Columbia County. N. Y., and was born near Saratoga 
 
 JAMES M, cRAMt, 
 
 :ipal of tslewburgli Academy. 
 
 Springs. His mother, Eleanor E. Roberts, was born in Wales, and 
 
 came to this country when about ten years of age, with her parents. 
 
 L' among the first AVelsli settlers of Lewis Countv. 
 
 who 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 Scho 
 
 Mr. Snyder attended the villai;e schools till 1S50, when his parents 
 removed to the vicinity of Rome, Oneida County, N. V. There he 
 
 attended school 
 only in Winter, and 
 in the Summer 
 W'lrkeil on the 
 farm. Commencing 
 in the Winter of 
 1S52-53, he taught 
 different coun try 
 schools for several 
 Winters, and work- 
 ed on the fiU'm in 
 Sunnner se^isons. 
 In the Fall oi 1S54 
 he attended at the 
 ( ineida Conference 
 Seminary at Caze- 
 novia. X. Y. For 
 thre»!' \- e ^l r s he 
 t a 11 g h t in the 
 township of ^^'ood- 
 
 bridgt, :;. J. 
 
 In March, iS5b, 
 he entered the 
 State Normal 
 Seh.H.l at Albany, 
 completed the 
 course, and was 
 graduated in Feb- 
 ruary, 1S51J. After 
 teaching awhile 
 longer, he began the study of law in the office of Beach & Bailev, 
 at Rome, and attended lectures at the Albany Law School. He re- 
 ceived the degree of LL. B. from the University of Albany, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1S62. Meanwhile 
 
 war had begun, and within a few weeks af- ^ 
 
 ter leaving the law school, Jlr. Snyder vol- 
 unteered as a private in Company C, 50th 
 N. Y. Y. Engineers. He served with that 
 company and regiment m the Army of the 
 Potomac to the end of the war, and returned 
 home in July, 1865, with the rank f>f First 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 Choosing the profession of teaching 
 rather than law, Mr. Snyder took charge of 
 a school at \Yalden -in 1866, and remained 
 there till 1S68, w-hen he became pnncipal of 
 Grammar School No. 4, m Clinton Street, 
 Newburgh. On the completion of the large 
 school building in Grand Street, he was 
 transferred thereto as principal, where he 
 has continued ever since. The schorjl has 
 nearly seven hundred pupils and si.xteen 
 female teachers. He has been prominently 
 identified with the Orange County Teach- 
 ers' Association, and has been Yice-Prcsi- 
 dent of the Xew York State Teachers' As- 
 sociation. 
 
 Mr. Snyder has been an Elder of tlie 
 First Presbyterian Church since 1S74, and 
 has also been Superintendent of its Saljbafli 
 School. He has been a Director of llio 
 Young Men's Christian Association since its 
 organization, and was President one year. 
 
 He was appointed a Civil Service Commissioner by Mayor Odell when 
 the Board was organized, and still holds that position. Mr. Snyder 
 was married at Rome, X. Y., in iSCr,, to Jliss Hannah K. Wnght, a 
 descendant of one of the first settlers of the part <.f that town 
 known as Wright's Settlement. They have two sons and two daughters. 
 
 E. Y. CLARKE, Principal (.>f (Irammar School No. 3, was born 
 June 17, 1.^20, at Savbrook, Conn. His father was Captain X'atha- 
 niel Clarke, who 
 for m a n y years 
 w a s engaged i n 
 ship-building and 
 in the transporta- 
 tion of passengers 
 and freight be- 
 tween New York, 
 Charleston aufl 
 Havana. After- 
 w a r d he retired 
 from this business 
 and purchased a 
 farm, where the 
 greater part of Jlr. 
 Clarke's early life 
 was spent. He 
 attended the vil- 
 lage school Win- 
 ters, and later fin- 
 ished his studies 
 at t h e Saybrook 
 Academy, a well 
 efindueted institu- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Clarke com- 
 menced teaching m 
 Xovember, 1S49, at 
 Westbrook, Conn. 
 After teaching four 
 years in that place he 
 at Clinton, Conn., no 
 
 E. Y. CLARKE Principal of Grammar School No, 3. 
 
 was called to take charge of the high school 
 ,v known as the Jlorgan School, a position 
 which he filled for si.x years. He then received a call to the Academy 
 at Newburgh, entering upon his duties as 
 teacher and principal December 22, 1S58. 
 
 The Academy pupils then numbered 
 aliout one hundred and fifty, with two male 
 and two female teachers. The principal was 
 required, besides teaching, to take charge of 
 the public library, which was then open only 
 on Saturdays. 
 
 The first of the exhibitions given by the 
 pupils of the Xewburgh Free Academy, 
 which have since become so popular, was 
 held under his management at the Opera 
 House, .\pnl 21, 1865. It was a decided suc- 
 cess, both from a literary and financial point 
 of \-iew. The money realized from the en- 
 tertainment, which was about two hundred 
 dollars, was used in purchasing chemicals 
 and philosophical instruments, and formed 
 the nucleus of the c-xtensive apparatus now 
 ill use at the present Academy. 
 
 (JctolK r 2, 1S6S, he left the F>ee Academy 
 to take charge of Grammar School No. 3, 
 where as prinei]ial he still remains. As 
 principal of this schocl .Mr. Clarke has un- 
 der Ins su|)er\-isioii and direction sixteen 
 teachers and nearly fiw hundred scholars. 
 
 CHARLES E, SNYDER, LL. B 
 
 , Gram. School No, 2. CHARLES ESTABROOK, Librarian, 
 
 was born in Kochcstcr, X. \'., i letober iS, 
 1S23. lie came with his parents i'rom Hyde Park, X'. Y., to 
 Newburgh in 1S35. About 1840 he was a teacher in the New- 
 burgh High .School, and followed that vocation two or three 
 years. Then for twelve years he was bookkeeper and cashier of the 
 freighting establishment i>f Wanlro]), .Smith tV i.'o., and afterward 
 
I 12 
 
 N E W B U r< G H 
 
 for about fifteen years he was in tlic ImoIc and stationery linsincss. 
 In 1S77, upon tlie ercL-tion of the present handsome I^il)r;ii\' i'.uild- 
 ing, Mr. Estabrook was appointed Librarian, a position for wliieh lie 
 is eminently quaUfied 1;y Ijoth education and experience. Previonsly 
 the hbrarv had lieen of small proportions, and open only a few hours 
 in the day. .Mr. Estabrook at once reorganized and made many im- 
 provements in the system of library work. In 1864-67 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Board of Education and Chairman of the Teachers' Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 He united u-ith the Second Presbyterian Chureh, of Xewburgh, in 
 1S42, and after its disbandnient in 1S52, lie with otliers of its members 
 joined its successor, the Seennd .MethiHlisI (m.w St. John's) Chureh. 
 He was its first organist mid for more than twenty-five years a mem- 
 ber of the Board of Trustees. He was the first Secretary of its Sun- 
 day Sehiiol, and fi>r many years its Superintendent. For twenty-five 
 years past he has been a local preacher. Jlr. Estaln-odk was initiated 
 into the mysteries of l-"ree .Masonry in Xewburgh Lodge, No. 309 ; in 
 1S54 he was a charter member of Hudson River Lodge, No. 607, and 
 
 its fn'st Treasurer. 
 Since 1S64 he has 
 been a Royal Arch 
 Mason — a member 
 of Highland Chap- 
 ter, No. 52; and for 
 nine years High 
 Priest. In 1S65 he 
 was knighted in 
 Hudson River 
 Commantlerv, Nri. 
 35, Knights Tem- 
 plar, and has l.)eeii 
 Prelate in that 
 Comniandery for 
 about twenty 
 years. 
 
 He has been a 
 member of the 
 Board of Counsel- 
 lors of the Home 
 for the Friendless 
 since 1S65, and is 
 Secretary of that 
 Board. He has 
 been an active 
 member of the 
 Historical Society 
 of Newburgh Bay 
 and the Highlands 
 and of the Newburgh Cemetery Association since their organization, 
 and is the Secretary oi both. He has always been a prominent tem- 
 perance man of the total abstinence stamp, and has filled the highest 
 office in nearly all the local temperance societies of the past. 
 
 But the enumeration of his various ecjnnections, and of the posts 
 of honor he has filled, can only suggest the useful and busy life he has 
 led. As befits one in his position, Mr. Estabrook is a man of varied 
 learning and accomplishments, and withal a man of affairs, of keen 
 perception and fair-minded. He is particularly well iiifornied in local 
 history, and has written many graceful historical articles for publica- 
 tion. He married Miss Susan E. Marshall in 1848, and has three chil- 
 dren living — Frank E., a resident architect, Lillie 6)., assistant librar- 
 ian, and Hattie C, wife of Clarence W. Deyo. Mrs. Estabrook died 
 September 27, 1.S90. 
 
 CHARLES ESTABROOK- Libr.jr 
 
 /tfburgh Library. 
 
 JOHN W. DOUGHTY was born August 12, 1S17, in the Town 
 of Clinton, Dutchess County, N. Y., of English ancestry long resident 
 in this country. The family name on the maternal side was Arm- 
 strong. The father went to New Orleans while John was an infant, 
 and not succeeding in business, joined a military company then form- 
 ing for the purpose of occupying the territory of Florida. In this ex- 
 
 pedition lie lost his life. I Hiring this time the boy was at his grand- 
 I'atlier Armstrong's with his motlier, to whose care and kindness, he 
 says, any good qualities found in him arc mainly due. 
 
 Cciinmeneing school at six he was up to his thirteenth year rarely 
 absent. The next ten years, depending upon himself, he worked on 
 the farm and in the shop, or attended such institutions of learning as 
 opportunity offered and his earnings might permit. He then taught 
 some three or four years, occupying his spare time in the study of 
 Greek and Latin. 
 
 In 1,844 he nuirried Miss Harriet M. Hale, daughter of the late 
 Major Lewis Hale, <jf Glasco, Ulster County, N. 'Y., and at Hyde Park 
 opened a boarding school, which enterprise, financially, was not a 
 success. In 1848 he accepted a position of associate instructor in the 
 Chelsea Collegiate Institute (X. Y.), of which John H. Brown, A. B., 
 was principal and proprietor. He remained in this institution four- 
 teen years. During the last six years of this period he also taught 
 geometry and chemistry in a French and Spanish school in Hoboken, 
 N. J., of which Mons. L. De Grandval was principal and i^roprietor. 
 Although never 
 practicing, he com- 
 pleted a course of ' ' , 
 medical studies, I 
 receiving in 1S52 a I 
 diploma from the 1 
 New York State I 
 Medical Society. | 
 
 In the Fali of 
 1S62 he obtained 
 the position of 
 teacher of fJreek , ft 
 
 and Latin in the \ ^ 
 
 Newburgh Acaile- • . 
 
 my. The institu- 
 tion was then of 
 far less importance 
 than now. It was 
 officially termed 
 the '■ senior de- 
 partment " of the 
 common schools 
 and only by court- 
 esy :in "academy." 
 In 1S66 Prof. 
 Doughty was ap- 
 pr>inted princiijal. 
 He recommended 
 wise changes in the J*^"'^ ^ dqughty. 
 
 curriculum, advo- 
 cated a more strict adherence to the graded system of classifi- 
 cation of the pupils, and recommended that examinations, hith- 
 erto conducted orally, might be made in writing. He also 
 earnestly requested the superintendent ami board of officers to 
 allow commenecment exercises at the cli^sc of the vear, and 
 confer diplomas upon such pupils as might complete the course 
 of studies prcserilicd. All the above recommendations were of- 
 ficially adopted, and the institutiim not onlv escaped the danger 
 of obliteration tluit had been threatened, Init rose rapidly in 
 pul)lic estimation, and eventually acquired a high degree of res- 
 pect as Its usefulness increased under Prof, Doughtj''s wise adminis- 
 tration. The first commencement occurred in 1S71, since which time 
 the essential features in the academic course have, with few modifi- 
 cations, remained as then established. He also introduced element- 
 ary exercises in field trigonometry and leveling, the use of the tele- 
 scope in astnjuomy and transit observations for sidereal and mean 
 time. In his intellectual pursuits he found time also to enter upon 
 different inventive lines irf aetivit\-. One result of this was a clock 
 for the transit building, on the Academy grounds, indicating both 
 sidereal and mean time, and showing the culmination of the principal 
 stars at any time .if day or night. For twenty years he remained at 
 the head of the institution, steadily imprr.ving its standard, widening 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 "3 
 
 Its influence, increasing its popularity, and retaining tlie love of his 
 pupils, and the unqualified esteem of the community for his learning 
 and noble characteristics as a man. He resigned in iSS6, when the 
 old academy was demolished. 
 
 With his wife he continues to reside in Newburgh. Two of their 
 children are dead. Mary H., the eldest, dicil in this city; William H. 
 in the City of New York. Sarah C, now Mrs. Augustus Senior, re- 
 sides in Newbru-gh, and AVeslcy II., the youngest, married Miss Mary 
 T. DuBois, daughter of the late Broadhead DuBois, and resides in 
 Nebraska City, Neb. Prof. Doughty, now in his seventy-fourth year, 
 is not engaged in any special work, but says the day is barely long 
 enough for the lesson which Nature and a kind Providence continually 
 suggest, and the night sometimes too short for the contemplation of 
 its starry dome. 
 
 -^ s ss- 
 
 HUGH S. BANKS was born in the Town of South Salem (now 
 Le\visb(.irough) Westchester County, on the banks of Croton river, 
 near the head of the lake which supplies the City of New York with 
 
 water. His par- 
 ents were both na- 
 tives of Westches- 
 ter County, and 
 their ancestors 
 were among the 
 earliest settlers of 
 the country. He 
 was sent to the 
 common district 
 school at an early 
 age, where he was 
 taught tile ele- 
 mentar)' branches 
 "f education, and 
 at the age of seven 
 years he could read 
 ([uite fluently, and 
 at eight had read 
 the Bible entirely 
 through. After 
 twelve years of age 
 lie attended school 
 iinlv in tlie Winter. 
 At tile age of 
 eighteen he was 
 employed to teach 
 a district school, 
 which he continued 
 for nine months. 
 During this time he procured Day's algebra, which he mas- 
 tered by himself and reviewed, solving every question propos 
 ed with the exception of five or six in the application of al- 
 gebra to geometry. He then attended a select school for two 
 months under the care of an excellent classical teacher, where he 
 gained such a knowledge of the principles of the Latin language that 
 he was enabled to pursue the study of it by himself. After this he 
 continued the occupation of teaching in district schools for four or five 
 years, with the exception of four months as a student in the academy 
 at Bedford, N. Y., where in addition to Latin he studied geometry 
 and elementary Greek. 
 
 All the spare time he liad out of school he spent in study, often 
 sitting up late at night, until he had read not only the studies required 
 for admission to college, but the whole course of classical studies ]>iir- 
 sued in our best colleges. He was advised by a valued friend who 
 knew his requirements to apply for admission to an advanced class 
 in Union College, which he accordingly did. He was admitted 
 upon examination without any condition to the senior class. 
 
 The class, numbering 82, was graduated in 1S29. Ten or eleven 
 were marked of the highest grade possible, and among them was Mr. 
 Banks. 
 
 HUGH S. BANKS. 
 
 In the Fall and Winter after his graduation he was employed as an 
 assistant in the academy at North Salem. In the Spring of 1830 he 
 was offered the supcrintendency of the academy at Bedford, where 
 he c( mtinued five and one-lialf years. 
 
 In 1S32 he was married to Miss Rosilia 1 1. Bailey, daughter (jf Dr. 
 Roland Bailey, of Putnam County, with whom he lived for 57 years, 
 she dying in November, 1S.S9. 
 
 In the Autumn (1832) lie was induced ti> take cliarge of the acad- 
 emy in Dover, Dutchess County, anew institution, where he continued 
 two years; but not being fully satisfied with liis situation there he re- 
 moved to Ridgefield, Connecticut, in the Fall of 1S37, where he estab- 
 lished a private classical and English school. After nine years of con- 
 stant and arduous labor with a large i^atronage, his throat began to 
 trouble him with pain and hoarseness, and threatened ijermanent bron- 
 chial affection. He sought a change of occupation. He procured an 
 interestin the book-selling business with the late Rev. D. L. Proudfit, 
 of Newburgh, in the Fall of 1846. This continued for a )'car, when 
 Mr. Proudfit wished to retire, and sold out his interest to Mr. 
 Banks. He continued the business for thirteen years, keeping a very 
 good collection of classical, scientific, miscellaneous and school books, 
 also stationery and some fancy articles belonging t(j the trade. 
 
 At the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1S61 the business of book- 
 selling was very much curtailed. Besides, the close confinement in a 
 store not well ventilated brought on frequent attacks of vertigo, so 
 much so that one day in crossing tile street he suddenly fell prostrate. 
 These frequent attacks were alarming, as they betokened apoplexy. 
 He therefore disposed of his business and resumed that of teaching, 
 at first by giving private lessons in several families, also having a 
 room where he heard the lessons of some pupils in the morning. 
 
 In the course of his teaching he can ci lunt over 70 young gentle- 
 men and four young ladies whom he has aided in their preparatory 
 education for admission into different colleges, many of whom are oc- 
 cupying honorable positions in the various learned professions. 
 
 In the course of his life he has kept up and added to the studies 
 of his younger days. He also is able to read ciuite readily French 
 and Spanish. The latter he has learned since he was eighty years of 
 age. 
 
 In religion Mr. Banks, both by education and from principle, is a 
 Presbyterian, and when he came to Newburgh he and his family con- 
 nected themselves witli tlie Presbyterian Cliurch under the charge of 
 the venerable Dr. Johnston. xVfter Dr. Johnston's death, and upon 
 the organization of Calvary Presbj'terian Church in 1S56, in which he 
 took a great interest, he united with others whf> left the old church. 
 He was soon after elected an elder of tliul churcli, which office he 
 holds to the jjresent time. 
 
 In jiolitics he learned liis first principles from the histories and 
 writings of Washington, llaniiltoii, Jay and Madis(jn, who in former 
 days were called Federalists, and in later times, with the small changes 
 under Clay and Webster, were denominated Whigs. In still later 
 times, upon the breaking up of the two great political parties, that 
 part of the Whigs denominated "Woolly Heads" and that of the 
 Democrats called "Barnburners" united to form a free-soil party in 
 order to oppose the continued aggressions of the pro-slavery advocates 
 against the opponents of the extension of slavery upon the free soil of 
 the North. Mr. Banks was among the first to unite with the party, 
 afterwards assuming the name of Repubhcaiis. lie with four others 
 (one of whom was 1 >r. W. .\. Royce, of this city), in answer to a call 
 for a meeting, formed the lii'st Republican club in 1S56, in the cam- 
 paign when General Fremont was inMiiinatcd for President. ( )f this 
 club Mr. Banks was chosen president, and so served through the cam- 
 paign. Upon the announcement of this cliil) it is difficult to tell who 
 were the most ready and earnest to unite with it, wdicther " Woolly 
 Meads " or " Barn-burners," until tlic number liccaiiie so large that no 
 room in the village could hold them, so a large log cabin was erected 
 in Front Street for their accommodation. 'I'he result was that a large 
 majority was given Fremont. Since that time Mr. Banks, believing 
 in the principles of the Republican jiarty, has voted with it on the 
 great questions of the day, Init if any candidate nominated 
 is deemed unworthy Ijv him for the ofiice, he leaves his name 
 oft" his ticket. 
 
114 
 
 NEW BURGH 
 
 HENRY W. SIGLAR, A. M.. rriiKii>al ..f Si^^kir's I'rciKuatory 
 School, was Ixirii ( )eti.ljui- 1 I , i>;,;,, in the 'I'owti (.f Si-iKca, ( )iitario 
 County, X. Y. lie S|R'nl his entire )niiiority in ih.il town ami in the 
 adjoinin;^- town ,,( Cmiiani, llie last ten years ol' this time .ill a farm 
 on the eastern shore of L'anamlaieua Lake, lie atlemleil a loiintrx' 
 
 State. Returned to sehool the followin;^ August, but was obliged to 
 teaeh a district school during the Winter, returning to school the 
 following March. 
 
 Ill July he jjasscd the examination required lor admission to the 
 so|iliomore class in \ii\c College, and worked on a farm in Connecti- 
 
 FBSSiflr 
 
 ';?i ±^sr^^ i|«i«i-i. WU"^- 
 
 SIGLARS PREPARATORY SCHOOL 
 
 district school during Winters till eighteen years of age, when he 
 began teaching in the same grade of schools. When of age he liad 
 read enough mathematics for admission to the sophomore class in 
 college, doing this at odd times stolen from 
 farm work, and mostly without a teacher. 
 
 On the very day he was twenty-one he 
 started for Franklin, Delaware County, N. 
 V. , for the purpose of finishing his prepara- 
 tion for college. Arriving there he entered 
 the iJelaware Literary Institute. Dr. 
 (jeorge Kerr was then principal of the 
 school. Being obliged to catch up with 
 classes in Latin and Greek that had been 
 under way about two months, he had to ac- 
 commodate himself to circumstances. For 
 instance, he had to recite Greek to Dr. Ken- 
 after sehool hours, and on several occasions 
 in the garden while the doctor was digging 
 potatoes. To keep up his physical condi- 
 tion, the foundations for which had been 
 well laid on the farm, and to pav his board, 
 resort was had to sawing wood, and during 
 the two years that followed many a ccjrd 
 of hard wood fell under the saw, and was 
 carried up two and three llights of stairs. 
 
 In .March, iA=,(,, the Institute building 
 was burned, and .Mr. S. lost everything, 
 save a pair of trousers, a coat, and a pair of 
 boots, barely escaping with his life down 
 the outer walls of a stone building from a 
 room in the third st(jry. This calamity 
 spoiled old plans, but new ones were made 
 at once. School had to be given up for the 
 
 ensuing Spring and Summer. The time was devoted to teaching phon- 
 ography in several academies and seminaries in different parts^of the 
 
 cut till 
 witli al 
 he was 
 
 .liege . 
 >rts of 
 aduate 
 
 ipened in September, 1857. After a hard struggle 
 difficulties that come to one with little or no money, 
 d m July, 1S60. In October of the same year he ac- 
 cepted the prineipalship of Staples's Free 
 Academy, Easton, Fairfield County, Conn., 
 in which position he remained till the Sum- 
 mer of iSCi-?. 
 
 In August, iSOi, he married Mi.ss Mary 
 F. Burr. During the last two years of his 
 connection with Staples's Academy he re- 
 ceived a few boarders into his family, and 
 the boarding department was continued af- 
 ter leaving the academy till the Spring of 
 1^114, when he removed to Xewburgh, where 
 lie has since been conducting Siglar's Pre- 
 paratory Sehool. 
 
 The school occupies the large stone edi- 
 fice and grounds formerly used as the Theo- 
 logical Seminary of the Associated Reform- 
 ed Church, beautifully situated on a com- 
 manding eminence. A few j-ears ago the 
 brick building used as a gymnasium and 
 schoolro<,m was erected. The school has al- 
 ways had an ellicient corps of teachers, and 
 It IS a most excellent institution. Out of si.x 
 hundred boys that have been connected with 
 it. sixty-nine have g(me to college (forty-one 
 to Yale) and five have taken valedictories 
 two of them at Yale. 
 
 HENRY W, SIGLAR 
 
 RENSSELAER HOWELL, though 
 now retired from teaching, is still regarded 
 as one of our most successful educators. He is the son of Rensselaer 
 
 and 01, ve (Belknai.) Howell, of Xewburgh. With .mlv the advan- 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 115 
 
 tages of the district school and a term at an academy, he fitted him- 
 self for admission to the State Normal School at Albany, X. Y., from 
 
 which he graduated Febru- 
 ary, 1S54. 
 
 Having had no experience 
 in teaching, he did not wait 
 for a large and remunerative 
 charge, but took what was 
 open to him. His first en- 
 gagement was at Setauket, 
 L. 1., and (vom this small 
 beginning he arose step by 
 step, until he was called in 
 October, 1^(14. to take the 
 principalship of the High 
 School on Grand Street, in 
 this city. Here he remained 
 for ten years, doing effective 
 service, and for several suc- 
 cessive Winters having 
 f . ^Sll^t ^^i^V ^^^^^^^^^^H e-harge of the evening 
 f/:'. .--< '>^K ''^V^^^^^^^^^^^H schools in the same building. 
 
 In September, 1874, he was 
 appointed an assistant 
 teacher in the Free Academy 
 where he remained until 
 June, 1S7S, when he resign- 
 ed. After retiring from 
 teaching he filled the office of Justice of the Peace in this city 
 for four years, and has been engaged to some extent in real es- 
 tate business. 
 
 Jlr. Howell married Frances Nichols, daughter of Moses Nichols, 
 Feb. 17. 1S56, and of this union Margaret U., Julia A. and Rensselaer 
 X. were born. Mrs. Howell died July 17, 1SS3, and of the chilchen 
 
 RENSSELAER HO//ELL, 
 
 only the son survives. August 6, 1S85, he married Anna R., daugh- 
 ter of Thomas S. Lester, of Fishkill-on-the- Hudson. 
 
 N><"»»» 
 
 MOUNT ST. MARY'S ACADEMY, 
 Under the direction of the Sisters of St. Dominie, was founded as an 
 institution of learning in 1SS3, and chartered in 1888. It is under the 
 visitation of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of 
 New York. The property was formerly the country-seat of the late 
 Harvey Weed, and was sold by his successor, Mr. McAlpine, to the 
 Sisters of the Order of St. Dominic. The institution is delightfully 
 situated on an elevation commanding a view of the Hudson for miles. 
 The grounds, six acres in extent, arc handsomely designed with 
 walks, carriage drives and lawns for exercise and recreation. The 
 mansion was recently greatly enlarged, and is now a commodious and 
 handsome structure expressly arranged for a boarding school, and 
 furnished with every modern improvement. 
 
 Mount St. Mary's Academy is now one of the most prominent in- 
 stitutions of learning in our city. Those in charge aim to make the 
 institute a school of the highest grade, to stimulate a love for study 
 and to surround the pupils with influences ennobling the character by 
 conducing to the highest culture, tending to form the heart to virtue 
 as well as to cultivate the mind. The course of instruction embraces 
 two departments, elementary and academic. In the latter the studies 
 are Christian doctrine, grammar, epistolary correspondence, composi- 
 tion, elocution, penmanship, physical geography, arithmetic, book- 
 keeping, algebra, geometry, physiology, etiquette, calisthenics, sacred 
 and profane history, civil government, rhetoric, literature, natural 
 philosophy, astrononi)-, typewriting, shorthand, instrumental and 
 vocal music, drawing, painting, wax flowers, plain and fancy needle 
 work. Three times a year written examinations are held by the 
 Board of Regents, Albany, for all the pupils who are old enough to 
 receive benefit from such work. At the completion of the course, if 
 the final examinations are accepted, the graduates receive their diplo- 
 mas from the State. 
 
 MOUNT ST. MARY'S ACADEMY_Gi. 
 
1 16 
 
 N F \V p. 1 1 R f J H 
 
 REV JOHN BROWN. D D (See Page 126 1 
 
 REV JOHN FORSYTH D D (See Pa 
 
 REV. JOHN JOHNSTON, D D, (See Page 119 
 
 REV JOSEPH McCARRELL D D .See P.ige 
 
OUR CHURCHES AND PASTORS. 
 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 rrinX a few months after the disbandiiii;- of the Army 
 of the Revolution and the breaking up of its encamp- 
 ments upun these surrounding hills, the First Presby- 
 terian Chureh of Xewburgh had its formal, legal exist- 
 ence. Its history, therefore, is contemporaneous with 
 our national history. But previous to this time for 
 nearly a score of years there had been a religious or- 
 eomposed of those who were by education and conviction 
 r, in the language of those days, " in 
 f Scotland. " It was an informal society. 
 
 ganization 
 
 of the Presbyterian faith- 
 communion with the Chureh ( 
 somewhat irregular and incomplete as to its ecclesiastical structure, 
 and constituting 
 hardly more than 
 an outlj-ing mission 
 station or districL 
 But it was so far 
 independent as to 
 have its own Board 
 of Trustees and 
 the management 
 of its own temporal 
 affairs and the 
 freedom of co-op- 
 erating with other 
 neighboring socie- 
 ties in the choice 
 and support of a 
 minister. We find 
 in the records of 
 the ilarlborough 
 Society that in the 
 year 1773 it united 
 with that society in 
 procuring the sup- 
 ply of a minister 
 for both congrega- 
 tions for a V e r y 
 brief period. It 
 appears however to 
 have been in the 
 earlier years in 
 more cordial and 
 active sympathy 
 
 with the old church at Bethlehem— the venerable mother of all the 
 Presbyterian Churches in this region. To her it looked for reUgious 
 aid and oversight, and from her it received cooperation in supplying 
 the religious needs of this then sparsely-settled district. 
 
 Through the long gloomy years of the Revolution and amid all the 
 distractions incident upon the long encampment of the army in this 
 vicinity, this feeble congregation continued to maintain its existence, 
 though having no past'jral supervision other than that given by an 
 elder — William Lawrence. 
 
 Immediately after the close of the war the organization, strength- 
 ened by the addition of several persons who became permanent resi- 
 dents on the disbandment of the army, obtained the building which 
 had been erected by the army as a storehouse for clothing at the cor- 
 ner of First and Montgomery Streets, where it appears to ha\-c held 
 public worship in the Winter of 1783, or Spring of 1784- We learn 
 from the church records that divine ser\'ice was held in this Ijinld- 
 
 I 
 
 t ■ 
 
 hi 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH— Cu 
 
 iiig in i7^S4, and tluit on the 12th of ]i\\\ of that year this feeble flock 
 formally organized itself as a Presbyterian Society under the laws ot 
 the State, enacted the preceding April. It elected as its Trustees 
 Adolph Degrovc, lianiel Hudson, Thomas Palmer, Joseph Coleman 
 and Isaac Belknap. Who or how many constituted this corporate So- 
 ciety we do not know. Its roll of membership has not been preserved. 
 In the February of the following year, they united with the congre- 
 gation in New Windsor, the compact to continue for seven years, 
 " for the purpose," as the resolution stated, " of promoting the preach- 
 ing of the Gospel." 
 
 From 17.S5 to 179O the Rev. John Close was the stated supply. He 
 
 was succeeded by 
 t h e Rev. I s a ii c 
 Lewis, who served 
 also as stated sup- 
 ply until the year 
 1.S00. ( >n May 0, 
 I So I, the Rev. 
 Jonathan Freeman 
 was installed pas- 
 tor over the two 
 c<mgregations. He 
 resigned his charge 
 in 1S04, and was 
 succeeded by the 
 Rev. Eleazer Bur- 
 net in the following 
 year, whose brief 
 pastorate was ter- 
 minated by death 
 one year later. On 
 the 5th of July, 
 1S07, the Rev. John 
 Johnston was or- 
 dained and install- 
 ed pastor over the 
 two churches, and 
 continued to hold 
 tiiis relation until 
 iSio, when the 
 union was dissoh-- 
 ed and the Xew- 
 liurgh congrega- 
 tion, having acquired sufficient strength to sujjport alone a pastor, 
 secured exclusively his services. Thus for mtjro than forty years the 
 society had continued its uninterrupted life, and for twenty-six years 
 as a legally incorporated organization, and had not been able during 
 all this period to furni,sh the support for a minister. 
 
 Such was their poverty that even the church l)uilding, erected 
 eight years afterwards upon the same site, was left in an unfinished 
 condition. It was hardly tenable. Dr. Johnston tells us in his auto- 
 Ijiography that " it was without galleries, plastering or pulpit — a mere 
 shell, and that he often preached standing on a carpenter's bench 
 with a few boards on which to rest the precious Bible." The congre- 
 gation was too poor to finish the building and place pews in it, and 
 the plan devised to seat it was that every person who chose to 
 do so should have tlic privilege of putting up his own pew with a 
 clioice of location for so doing. And not only did these few 
 Christian fannlies have to contend with poverty. The com- 
 
 L07I 
 
ii8 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 munity was pervaded witli a spirit >'( irrelisinn and mhdelily. 
 The openly avtiwed inlidels were suflk-icntly minienius ;inil 
 strong to form a club or society for the dissenunati"n of tlieir 
 opinions ; to hire a ni;in, ;i certain apostate minister, upon a stipulated 
 annual salary, to give public lectures on the Sabbath upon the teacli- 
 ings of Rousseau, Paine, Voltaire and others, and to support a weel-:- 
 ly newspaper devoted to their cause. 'I'licir attacks upon Christiauits 
 and the Christian Church were most virulent. So notorious was tlic 
 place for its wickedness, for its open (Uigrant vice, as well as f(.r this 
 determined spirit of opposition to the Christian religion an<l its insti- 
 tutions, that the friends of Dr. Johnston, hearing of his purpose to 
 accept the call to a pastorate here, remonstrated with him and begged 
 him to reconsider it. His biography states that his mother wept and 
 besought him not to locate in such a wicked place. 
 
 When Dr. Johnston came to Xcwlnirgli thimgh the leaders of tlic 
 infidel party had died and its strength and members had consideralil\ 
 diminished, yet the baneful effects of the influences that had long 
 been at work remained. There was a widespread apathy and indil'- 
 ference to the cause of religion. In the young, particularly, these 
 effects were marked. The few people who cordially welcomed him, 
 and who were ready to ci>-operate with him, were chietly those of ad- 
 vanced age. The church at no time had number- 
 ed more than sixty-five, and numbered only thir- 
 ty-seven when he assumed the charge of it. So 
 we can understand how, under all these com- 
 bined circumstances, the outlook must have 
 been very dark and discouraging to this young 
 man entering upon his first pastoral charge. 
 
 But it was not long before the outlook 
 brightened. The spirit in which he undertook 
 his work was indicated by the text he chose for 
 his first sermon — " Brethren, pray for us, that 
 the word of the Lord may have free course anil 
 be glorified among you." Dr. Johnston was 
 not by mental nature or habit a disputant. He 
 did not love controversy. He preached the 
 Gospel in its simphcity, confident that it w^uld 
 win its own triumphs, giving no heed to the 
 attacks that were made upon it by unbelievers. 
 The attendance upon divine service was soon 
 greatly increased. He instituted a weekly 
 prayer meeting, which was held in the homes 
 of his people. A larger place was soon found 
 to be necessary. A chapel or lecture rciom was 
 built for the purpose. In the fifth and sixth 
 year of his pastorate there was a large and 
 genuine revival of religion. It was the first 
 
 revival of religiim Newburgh had ever witnessed. Three years later 
 his ministrv was blessed with another s])iritual refreshing, when 
 nearly fifty more were added to the ehureh. There were seven 
 such marked events in his ministry. 
 
 The church during the pastorate of Dr. Johnston — iliis honorary 
 title was conferred up<m him in the latter jjart of his ministry by 
 Lafavette College — was lifted out of insignificance into prominence, 
 out of weakness into eonimanding strength; wdiercas there were 
 less than two-score communicants when he became its pastor, there 
 were years when upwards of four hundred were reported as its mem- 
 bership to the Presbytery. The church roll has the names ol' neaiK 
 a thousand that were added to it during his ministry. 
 
 Twice the church buildin.g was enlarged to aeeomniodalc the in- 
 creasing congregations. In the Summer of 1,^37 asccond Presbyterian 
 church was organized, and mainly through the urgent and ol't-re- 
 peated appeals and earnest personal efforts of this zealous pastor. It 
 was his heart's desire to sec the kingdom of (lod advancing in this 
 region, and it had long been his cherished wish to send out a ci>lony 
 from his own church to plant another of like I'aitli and onlcr in 
 Newburgh. This second church, largely in consequence of the agi- 
 tations that arose over the division of the Presbyterian Church into 
 the Old and New Schools, which took place at this time, did not gain 
 a firm footing. It had for awhile a languishing existence and then 
 
 died \t the start U united with the New School branch, and by this 
 it alienated some of its prominent members and withdrew itself from 
 (he active svmpathv and aid of the m.ither church, which had by a 
 vcrv.lecidcd majority v.ited to continue its relations with the Old 
 School Dr J.ihnston's ]>astorate extended over a penod of forty- 
 d"ht vears, during which more than llfty ministers preached for a 
 " ■ rter time in Newburgh. with all of wh-.m he had main- 
 
 P.etwcen him and his nearest clerical 
 
 R 
 
 yeal> 
 ■'or sh. 
 most friendly relation 
 
 Dr. McCarrell, pastor of the iVssoeiate Reformed 
 
 , tin 
 
 tamed 
 
 Church.'aiidTli'elate Dr. I'.r.iwn, rector of the Pn.testant Episcopal 
 Church! with the former for thirty-three years and with the latter for 
 thirty-nine years, there existed withcmt interruption ..r jar the most 
 cordial Christian friendliness and Christian courtesy. 
 
 Dr. Johnston's death occurred on the 23d of August, i«55, and on 
 the lolh ..r the f..llowing December the congregation called the Rev. 
 S II \Ic.\l ullin to the vacant pastorate. Mr. McJIuUin had been for 
 some months the assistant of Dr. Johnston, and had greatly endeared 
 himself to many of the people. A rem.mstrance, however, from the 
 minority against his settlement was presented to the Presbytery, 
 which had' such weight with that judicial body, that it hesitated to 
 put the call into the hands of the young pastor-elect. The commis- 
 sioners appointed to prosecute the call before 
 the Presbytery decided to delay until receiving 
 further instruction from the congregation. The 
 call was renewed. But the Presbytery deemed 
 it inexpedient to settle Jlr. JUOIullin under all 
 the existing circumstances. The congregation 
 did not further press the matter. On the 
 27th day of August, of the following year, 1S56, 
 forty-live members requested dismission from 
 the church to constitute another church, and 
 the request was granted. It was at this time 
 and with these persons, together with others 
 that soon joined them, that wdiat is now Calvar\- 
 Presbyterian Church was organized. 
 
 On the loth of September folio-wing, a call 
 was made out to the Rev. William T. Sprole, 
 11. D., and on the 2Sth day of the ensuing 
 month he was installed pastor of the church. 
 1 le came with a large and ripe experience from 
 a ministr\- in Philadelphia, Carlisle and Wash- 
 ington, and from the chaplaincy and a profes- 
 sorship at the West Point Mihtary Academy. 
 He was a man riclilv endowed with mental 
 gifts, of commanding personal appearance and 
 of strong individuality. With the settlement of 
 Dr. Sprole the church entered upon a fresh 
 ■rated life. His pulpit abilities attracted large congre- 
 The old meeting-house, which even in Dr. Johnston's 
 too limited in its accommodations for tlie congregation. 
 
 REV, WILLIAM T. SPROLE, D, D. 
 
 an<l iiu'i,^ 
 
 gations. 
 
 time was 
 
 proved now wholly inadequate. 
 
 The question of building a new In )use of worship had been agitated 
 as far back as 1S27. At that time the Board of Trustees resolved that 
 one should be built, but with the proviso "if it could be done with 
 unity, peace and harmony." The matter progressed so far that ar- 
 rangements were made for holding divine service in the Academy, 
 while the new building was being constructed. But it was not until 
 the year 1S57 that decisive steps were taken, when the present site of 
 the chinch at the northwest corner of Crand and South Streets was 
 chosen. L'[)on the sill of August of that year the work upon the 
 foundation was begun, and the building was dedicated November 4, 
 1S5S. On Thanksgiving morning, November i.'^, the iron cross was 
 fixed up<.n the spire, 'file building, with walls of blue and grey 
 stone dressings, is in the early geometrical style of Gothic art. and 
 alfords very comfortably S30 sittings. George Veitch was the builder. 
 The total cost was about $43,750. The total height of the spire is 
 135 feet. 
 
 The prosperity of the church in this its stately, beautiful home 
 continued. Its pecuniary resources were increased; its roll of mem- 
 bersliip was extended. It kept full pace with the growth ><f the com- 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 1 K 
 
 munity in population and material wealth. Dr. Sprole's pastorate 
 extended through a period of sixteen years, which were years of 
 great usefulness and invaluable service to the church. He resigned 
 his charge November 4, 1872. In the year 1874 he accepted the call 
 of the Second Congregational Church in Detroit, which he resigned 
 in 1877. On the gth day of June, 18S3, he entered into rest. 
 
 Soon after the resignation of the Rev. Dr. Sprole the church in 
 February, 1873, extended a call to the pastorate to the Rev. William 
 K. Hall, of Boston, Mass. The following month of March he as- 
 sumed the pastorate, and was installed in the following May, the 
 Rev. Dr. Howard Crosby, of Xew York, preaching the installation 
 sermon. 
 
 In November, 1SS4, this church celebrated its centennial, having 
 had, during its long history, only three regularly settled pastors. 
 On Sunday, November 9, Dr. Hall— he was honored with the doctor- 
 ate by the University of New York in iSSi— preached an historical 
 discourse, and on Thursday, the 13th, memorial services were held 
 in the afternoon and evening. A memorial tablet to the two deceased 
 pastors was placed upon the wall, the Rev. Dr. S. I. Prime delivering 
 a memorial address upon the life of the Rev. Dr. Johnston, and the 
 Hon. E. L. Fancher upon the life of the Rev. Dr. Sprole. The Rev. 
 Dr. J. Forsrth also delivered an address, containing personal remin- 
 iscences of these pastors and 
 of the early church life of 
 Newburgh. Brief addresses 
 of greeting were given by 
 the pastors of the several 
 city churches and others. In 
 the evening a sermon was 
 preached by the Rev. Dr. 
 Howard Crosby upon the 
 text Eph. iii: 10. The full re- 
 port of these interesting ex- 
 ercises of its centennial has 
 been preseri-ed in an attrac- 
 tive form, the book contain- 
 ing much that is of histori- 
 cal value in the reference to 
 events and incidents con- 
 nected with the early history 
 of many of the churches of 
 Newburgh. 
 
 This church in 1883 pur- 
 chased and enlarged at an 
 expense of S14. '>-"-> the house No. 84 Grand Street for a manse. The 
 present elders of this church are M. C. Belknap, Daniel S. Waring, 
 Charles E. Snyder, Rensselaer Howell, John Schoonmaker and 
 George Barnes. Deacons — William C. Belknap and Henry W. Siglar. 
 Trustees— WiUiam O. Mailler, M. C. Belknap, David Carson, John 
 Schoonmaker, Alfred Bridgeman, Stephen King, Charles E, Wil- 
 Hams, Abram S. Cassedy and Howard Thornton. 
 
 BETHEL jnSSIOX SCHOOL. 
 
 Soon after the settlement of Dr. Hall, Bethel Mission School, 
 which had been an independent union organization, though largely 
 deriving its pecuniary aid and force of teachers from the First Pres- 
 byterian Church, became (jrganically connected with the church. 
 This mission enterprise had its humble beginning in a small base- 
 ment room at No. 184 North Water Street, January 14, 1866, and was 
 known as the North Water Street Mission Sunday School. In De- 
 cember of that year it moved to the rear room in the building cm the 
 comer of North Water and Clinton Streets, which had been erected 
 and occupied by what is now the Union Presbyterian Church, and by 
 it sold to the Newburgh Steam Mills company. This proved very 
 soon to be of insufficient capacity, and the adjoining room was add- 
 ed. The school grew rapidly. A church organization under the 
 pastoral care of the Rev. Charles Shelhng, a Methodist minister, had 
 leased and fitted up the large room on the first floor for public meetings, 
 and this organization being extinct, the lease and furniture were 
 bought, and this mission school, thenceforth called the Bethel Mission 
 
 School, found a home in these new and more capacious quarters. 
 Here it has continued to the present, a vigorous and prosperous in- 
 stitution, accomplishing a great good in that neighborhood. 
 
 Its first sui^erintendent was the Hon. Robert G. Rankin. He was 
 deeply interested in the work, and his name, together with that of 
 his devoted wife, Mrs. Laura Wolcott Rankin, who died December 
 24, 1887, has been closely identified with the mission through its whole 
 history. William B. Brokaw succeeded Mr. Rankin. The present 
 superintendent is John Schoonmaker. 
 
 There has been held in the Bethel Chapel for the past few years 
 on Sunday and week-day evenings an evangelistic and mission ser- 
 vice, under the leadership of Egbert R. Bates, attended with large 
 and beneficent results. 
 
 BETHEL MISSION SCHOOL— Cornei u( Water and Clinton Streets. 
 
 REV. JOHN JOHNSTON, D. D., was born in the township of 
 Montgomery, N. Y. , January 28, 177S. His parents were from the north 
 of Ireland. His father was an intelligent farmer who had been a 
 school teacher. John was engaged on the farm as soon as he was 
 able to work. 
 
 " In the Fall of 1794," .says Dr. Johnston in his autobiography, " I 
 went to remain for the Winter in the store of a man who lived three 
 
 miles distant. In the Spring 
 when on a Monday morning 
 I was preparing to return to 
 the store, my father told me 
 to sit down, that he wished 
 to have a conversation with 
 me; and he went on to say 
 that it was time I began to 
 think what I would wish to 
 be emploj'ed in for life ; that 
 he had been thinking that 
 if I preferred farming he 
 would purchase a farm 
 which was for sale, and it 
 would be ready at the time 
 I would want it; or, if I wish- 
 ed to be a merchant, I must 
 complete my clerkship, and 
 he would try to help me in 
 commencing business; or if I 
 chose an education, I should 
 have that. ' Take time,' said 
 he, ' to consider these propositions, and when you have made up 
 your mind let me know, and my conduct shall be regulated accord- 
 ingly. But remember when you decide it must be a final decision; I 
 will have no change.' 
 
 " I replied, ' Father, I am ready.' 
 
 " He tried to dissuade me from an immediate decision. But I re- 
 plied I was as ready to decide now as I would ever be. 
 " ' And what,' said he, ' is your decision?' 
 " I said, ' Give me the books.' 
 
 " ' Well,' said he, ' go and bring home your effects from the store, 
 and you must remain with me on the farm till the Fall harvest is gath- 
 ered in, and then you shall have your discharge. ' 
 
 " I did as directed; and I do not know that Jacob served his time 
 more cheerfully, in view of obtaining Rachel, than I labored through 
 the .Summer, in prospect of obtaining an education. " 
 
 Dr. Johnston then entered upon a course of study under the Rev. 
 Jonathan Freeman, of Hopewell Church, and two years later entered 
 the Montgomery Academy, remained two years, and then went to 
 the Kingston Academy. After he had been studying there a few 
 months his father died. His mother was, however, able to supply 
 the means of continuing his education. 
 
 In October, 1799, he entered Princeton, and graduated in iSoi. 
 He then went to western Pennsylvania to study theology under Dr. 
 McMillan, and in 1803 he was taken under the care of the Presbytery 
 of Ohio as a candidate for the ministry. His funds becoming ex- 
 hausted, for a year and a half following he was a teacher in a private 
 
120 
 
 N E W B U K G H 
 
 family in Mar^-land, and then in the Spring of 1S05, having replen- 
 ished his purse, he returned to Princeton, and resumed his theological 
 studies. In the Fall he was appointed a tutor in the college. 
 
 In October, 1S06, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of 
 New Brunswick. Then he returned to his native place, and reeeixcd 
 appointments to preach in Newbnigh, Xuw Windsor, Florida and 
 Pleasant Valley, all uf which coiigicgahi^is were llicn without |)as- 
 tors. 
 
 From all these churches he received invitations to licconie llicir 
 pastor, and he accepted thcune frniu the united cluirches of Now- 
 burgh and New Windsor. He began his regular service i>n the 1st 
 of April, iSn;, and was ordained and installed the lollowing July 
 at Xew Windsor. 
 
 In January, 1S07, he married Mary Mull, and after coming to New- 
 burgh they occupied a small house in Old Town. In isi 3 he erected 
 the residence now 273 Liberty 
 Street, between South and Farring- 
 ton, and resided there till his death. 
 His salary at first was S6;o, of which 
 each eongregation paid half. In 
 iSio he was reheved from the charge 
 of New Windsor, and thereafter he 
 gave his whole service to the 
 Newburgh congregation, at a sal- 
 ary of S750. Here he continued to 
 labor till his death, August 23, 1S55. 
 
 For thirty-eight years he was a 
 director of the theological seminary 
 at Princeton. He was long the 
 stated clerk of his Presbytery; four- 
 teen times he was a commissioner to 
 the General Assemlily, In is 14 he 
 was appointed by the Cicneral As- 
 sembly a delegate to the Ciencral 
 Association of Massachusetts, and 
 in 1S16 a delegate to the Oeneral 
 Association of New Hampshire and 
 the General Convention of Vermont. 
 In 1S40 he was elected a trustee of 
 the College of New Jersey, and in 
 1S4S Lafayette College conferred on 
 him the honorary degree of docti.r 
 of divinit}'. 
 
 "To pursue the history of his 
 ministry in Newburgh would be to 
 rehearse the record of a pure, godly 
 man, whose walk and conversa- 
 tion were without a spot and blame- 
 less, and whose life was a long 
 testimony to the power of simple 
 goodness. He rarely preached a 
 
 sermon without weeping. But he was sincere. He felt all thai In 
 said, and when pleading with sinners to be reconciled to God, and 
 with saints to be more like the Saviour, tears would tlow and his 
 voice would break, so that he could scarcely proceed with his dis- 
 course. This was nr)t weakness, for he was not a weak man; he had 
 immense energy, industry and endurance; he went about doing good 
 with vitality and perseverance rarely equalleil in the miiiistrw" 
 
 REV. WILLIAM K. HALL. D. D.. was born in Boston, Jlass., 
 November 4, 1 \V'. He was fitted for college at the I'.oston Public 
 Latin School, and was graduated from Vale in the class of 1S59. After 
 graduating he pursued his theological studies in New Haven, ami in 
 Berlin, Germany. In October, ].S('i2. he was ordained a Chaplain of 
 the 17th Connecticut Volunteers. Was installed pastor of the First 
 Congregational Church of Stratford, Conn., in October, I.S66. Febru- 
 ary, 1S73. he accepted the call of the First Presbyterian Church, of 
 Newburgh, and in the following May was installed. 
 
 REV WILLIAM K HALL, D. D 
 
 lie was elected Moderator of the New York Synod in lajti. In 
 iS7<i he Nvas honored by the President with the appointment as a mem- 
 ber ..f the Board of Visitors at the United States Military Academy, 
 at West Point. ( )ther members ..f the Board of that year were ex- 
 President l'..rter, of Vale College, cx-Seeretary Windom and General 
 Gordon, formerly G.icernor of Georgia, and recently elected V. S. 
 .Senator from that State, a position which he held when serving on' 
 the I'.oard of Visitors. In i.S.si he was honored with the degree of 
 Doctor of liiviiiitv by the University of New York. 
 
 lie married .\nna P,. Bond, ni Boston, and has four daughters and 
 ,,iies..ii. Three of these were born in Newburgh. The following 
 reference to him is made in the h;ncyclopedia of the Presbyterian 
 Church in the United States: 
 
 ■•l)r. Hall has fine scholarly attainments and a vigorous and 
 healthy intellectual organization. He combines with an earnest and 
 
 intelligent interest in the various 
 phases of modern thought a wise 
 and strong conservatism. He is 
 decidedly a thinker, and shows his 
 .\'ew England training in his lean- 
 ing toward the philosophical and 
 metaphysical aspects of truth. But 
 not less marked are the practical 
 tendencies of his thought, which 
 are always characterized by keen 
 spiritual insight, elevation of tone, 
 width of view, comprehensiveness 
 of grasp and vigorous common 
 sense. His sermons show marks of 
 careful preparation, literary finish, 
 rhetorical power and logical se- 
 queiice of thought, and never lack 
 the directness and earnestness and 
 simplicity which distinguish his or- 
 dinary address. His manner in the 
 pulpit is impressive. He combines 
 breadth "f sympathy with decision 
 of character and thought. He is a 
 man of public spirit, ready and ef- 
 cient in the support of ever)' public 
 
 g 1." 
 
 l)r. Hall is President of the His- 
 torical Society of Newburgh Bay 
 and the Highlands, and has been 
 prominently connected from the be- 
 ginning with the Associated Chari- 
 ties of Newd^urgh. He has spoken 
 at many assemblages of his towns- 
 pcopk-; he presided and delivered 
 an address at the Religious Cen- 
 tennial at the Armory in 1S.S3, and 
 delivered the ])rincipal address at the presentation of the flagby Elhs 
 Post, G. A. R., to the pupils of the Academy, at ^Vashington's Head- 
 quarters, on Memorial 1 >ay. i-^-^o. 
 
 FIRST ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 
 
 This congregation was formed in 170.^, and legalh" incorporated 
 I'^ebriiary 7, 1^03, wIk-u Ucrick Amcrnian, Hugh Walsh, Daniel 
 Mi veil, Robei't I lourlcy, Robert Bovd, lohn Brown, Isaac Belknap, jr., 
 John Coulter and Robert ^V. Jones were elected trustees. The rul- 
 ing elders were John Currie, Samuel Belknap, Hugh Speir and John 
 Sliaw. 
 
 The lirst pastor was the Rev. Robert Kerr, a native of Ireland. 
 He was installed April 6, 1799, and resigned January 14, 1S02. The 
 Rev, James Scrimgeour, from Scotland, was installed August 11, 1S03. 
 He resigned in 1,^12 to accept the pastorate of the Little Britain 
 Cliurch (founded in 1763), where he remained until his death in i,'!25. 
 'I'hc kcv, .\, 1. Stansbury was the next pastor; installed December 4, 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 121 
 
 iSi6; resigned April, iSiS, and accepted the pastorate nf the Fn'st 
 Presbyterian Church at Albany. The Rev. James Chrystie was in- 
 stalled September 20, iSiS, remaining as pastnr and winning- the warm 
 regard of his congregation nntil October, 1.S21, when he joined the 
 Reformed Presbyterian Church, and moved to another city. 
 
 His successor, l)r. Joseph JlcCarrell, commenced his labois as a 
 supply on the 4th of December, 1S22. He was installed March, 1823, 
 and served the congregation faithfuUv for more than forty years. 
 He was succeeded in 181.4 by the Rev. Thomas T. Farrington, who 
 died June 5, 1S75. He was succeeded by the Rev. John Macnaughtan, 
 December 24, 1S75. He resigned to accept the pastorate of a church 
 at Morristown, N, J., and was succeeded by the Rev. R. H. Rarr in 
 November, iSSS. The present elders are James Cathcart and ]■'. Y. 
 Clarke. Trustees — James MeCord, James W. Miller, Archibald Tag- 
 gart, James Cathcart, James F. Templeton, William X. Brown, 
 George R. Mitchell, David Eaton and Charles H. Wise. 
 
 The first church stood on the hill west of Renwick's Dock, on a lot 
 given by James Renwick, afterwards forming part of the Captain 
 Robinson fann. It was completed in 179.8. As the growth of the vil- 
 
 FIRST ASSOCIATE REFORMED CH U RCH— Cornel of Grand and First Streets. 
 
 lage was more toward the north than the south, the church came to 
 be very inconveniently situated for most of its members. In 1S21 it 
 was taken down and rebuilt on its ])resent site, the congregation hold- 
 ing services in the meantime in the Academy. The present edifice 
 was dedicated January 4, 1S22. The lot on which the church stands 
 was bought of William L. Smith for S900. The lot on which the par- 
 sonage stands, which was erected in 1820, was purchased by the exe- 
 cution of the will of the late Hugh Walsh, who left Si, 000 for that 
 purpose, and given to the Trustees of the Associate Reformed Church. 
 The cupola on the church was erected in 1S34, and the bell hung 
 therein. The lecture-room was built in 1S40. During Mr. Macnaugh- 
 tan's pastorate the interior of the church was remodeled, new pews 
 built, the old pulpit at the east end removed, and a new one Imilt at 
 the west end. 
 
 Union Church was organized by a colony from this church. In 
 1858 a large secession of congregations joined with the Associate 
 Church .Society and formed the United Presbyterian Society, leaving 
 at this writing but two Associate Reformed churches in the State of 
 
 New York, Ijut a large body of the Associate Reformed Church con- 
 tinues in the Southern States. 
 
 ■I'llli TlllCiJLUtnCAL .SliMINARV. 
 
 The theolf)gieal seminary of the Associate Reformed Church was 
 the Inst instituticjn of the kind in the United States. The first steps 
 towaril its establishment were taken in 1796 on the suggestion of one 
 ol its youngest members. Dr. John M. Mason, of New York, then in 
 the early dawn of his brilliant career. He went to the old country 
 and obtained a fimd of $5,500, which was chielly expended in the pur- 
 chase of a noble library. He was chosen to preside over the infant 
 institution, which was first opened in New York. It was very suc- 
 cessful for a time, but suspended in 1S21, mainly owing to the failing 
 health of Dr. Mason. 
 
 By a vote of the (ieneral Synod of the church in 1822 (which a few 
 years afterwards was declared illegal) the library was transferred to 
 the seminary at Princeton. 
 
 In 1.S29 the Associate Reformed Seminary was resuscitated and 
 fixed at Xewburgh, and the Rev. Dr. MeCarrell was elected professor 
 of theology, and the Rev. Drs. John JlcJimpsey, Alexander Proudfit, 
 Robert Forrest and D C. McLaren were chosen superintendents. 
 The following j'ear the necessary steps were taken (after sundry fruit- 
 less appeals to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church) for 
 the recovery of the library and funds removed to Princeton in 1S22, 
 and after a protracted lawsuit they were restored to their old owners. 
 The decision then recorded is the law of church properties to this day. 
 The foundation f>f the seminary was laid in 1S37, and the building 
 completed in 1S39, and cost, including the land, $25,000. It is 104 
 front by 40 in depth. It is a stone structure, and stands on the 
 crown of the hill at the head of Campbell Street. Thornton M. Niven 
 was the architect. The land was purchased from Henry Walsh. 
 
 In 1S5S an organic union was elTected Ijetween the j^ssociate Pres- 
 byterian Church of North America and the Associate Reformed 
 Church under the title of the United Presb^'terian Church. A few 
 congregations of the Associ^ite Reformed ,Synod refused to enter into 
 this union, one of them being the church at Xewburgh. These laid 
 claim to the seminary, but by a suit at law it was decided that the 
 property rightfully belonged to that portion of the Sj'nod, the great 
 majority, which had assented to the union. The use of the building 
 as a seminary ceased several years a,go, and it is now rented to Henry 
 AV. Siglar for school jnirposes. 
 
 REV. JOSEPH McCARRELL. D. D., was a native of Shippens- 
 burgli. Pa., and was born on the 9th of July, 1795. His parents were 
 warmly attached members of the Associate Reformed Church of that 
 l)lace, and the region was one whose history was connected with the 
 earliest annals of the denomination, in the communion of which Dr. 
 MeCarrell lived and died, and for which he had an unchanging affec- 
 tion. His mind was early turned toward the ministry of the gospel, 
 and he entered upon studies preparatory thereto, availing himself of 
 such steps as were within his reach, though in the main he had to 
 depend upon his own efforts, and was in fact, to a great extent, a 
 self-made man. 
 
 While preparing himself for college in 1814, the country was elec- 
 trified by the capture of Washingtcjn, the burning of the capitol and 
 other public buildings, and the threatened attack on Baltimore. The 
 militia of the adjacent counties of Pennsylvania marched as quickly 
 as possible to the scene of danger. Among them was Joseph Me- 
 Carrell. For three days and nights the young student-soldier was in 
 the trenches, awaiting the onset of the enemy, and witnessed the 
 bombardment of Fort McHenry. 
 
 He entered Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pa., 
 and was graduated with high honors in the class of 1S15. In iSiS he 
 entered the theological seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, 
 then in New York, under the care of the distinguished Dr. John M. 
 Mason. He brought to the seminary an amount of attainment in 
 certain branches of learning which very few persons possess on lea\- 
 iiv it, for he had m.-ule himself a thorough Hebrew scholar, and ha<l 
 rca>l the whole of the I Md 'iVstamcnt in that language. Having flu- 
 
122 
 
 N E W B U R (3 H 
 
 ished the prescribed course of study, he was liri'iiscil li\- i1k- I'lvsliy- 
 tery at Big Spring, Pa., June 21, 1S21. 
 
 For several months he supplied the Associate Reformed Chureli 
 in JIurray Street, New Yorl-; (vacant by the resignation of Dr. Mason) 
 witli so much acceptance that not a few of its members wished to call 
 him as their pastor. But he was destined to spend his life in another 
 sphere. Declining a call to a church in Ilagerstown, Wd., at tlie 
 same time, he was soon after invited to assume pastoral care of tile 
 Associate Reformed Chiu'eh at Ncwdjiu"gh. This in\'iLatioii he ac- 
 cepted, and was ordained to the gospel ministry and iiislallcil jiastor 
 March 14, 1823. 
 
 His pastorate of this church ccivereil a period of forty-one years. 
 The society though one of the oldest in Xewlnirgh was by no means 
 large when he came, but from that time it steadily advanced in num- 
 bers, and beciime the motlicr of two other chtnclies. In 1829 the 
 Seminarv, which had been suspended in New Y< irk Cit\' for s( iiue yeiirs, 
 was revived, established, and Dr. McCarrell was chosen Professor of 
 Theology by the Associate Reformed Synod of Xcw York. lie held 
 this office until a few years before his death, and during that period 
 he had some se\'entv voung men under his care, all of whom e\'er felt 
 for him the warmest affection because of 
 his rare goodness in every sense of the word, 
 and the highest respect for his intellectual 
 abilities. 
 
 As a preacher, he liad not a particle of 
 sensationalism about him. In the pulpit he 
 was whoUv free from all mannerisms, and 
 usually calm, yet occasionally he would rise 
 to a high strain of pathetic eloquence, 
 showing what a latent power there was in 
 the man. He had a profound reverence for 
 sacred things. The creed he professed was 
 the creed he held with his whole heart, and 
 from \vhich he never \-aricd. The tones of 
 his voice, the changing expressions of his 
 face, the ballad-like simplicit}^ of his lan- 
 guage, all showed the intense reality of his 
 feelings, and hence yltv readilv communi- 
 cated them to others. 
 
 ■'In the discharge of his duties as Pro- 
 fessor," wrote the late Rev. A. R. Jack, 
 "the doctor was chicdy remarkable for the 
 completeness and conscientious thorough- 
 ness of all he undertook. In all that he 
 did he seemed impressed with the jirofound- 
 est sense of his responsibility, a feeling 
 which grew deeper and deeper as he advanc- 
 ed in life. Of no man could it be more truly 
 said, that whatc\-cr his hand foimd to do 
 he did it with all his might. In his intercourse willi student- 
 there was always an utter want of display, a noble incapacitv of guile, 
 compelhng him to seem what he was. Honesty and integrity were 
 the habits of his soul, and one might say of his bodv, ton. The doe- 
 tor was pre-eminently true, umnistakafdy, invariably, fearlessly true, 
 and he could well afford to lie so, for his nature was as gentle as it 
 was genuine." 
 
 Dr. McCarrell died at his home in Newburglt, March 28, 1804, aged 
 f.8. He had been able to preach in his own pulpit until within three 
 weeks of his decease. The funeral took place Friday, April 1. The 
 services at the house were conducted by the Rev. Dr. Brown, of St. 
 (Jeorge's Episcopal Church (the neighbor and friend of the deceaseil 
 for many years), and the Rev. l)r. Krebs, of New York. The services 
 at the church were conducted by the Rev. Joseph Kimball, of Fish- 
 kill, the Rev. Alexander P,. Jack, the Rev. I",. H, Manileville and the 
 Rev. Dr. Forsyth, of Xewlnirgh, and the Rev. Dr. Snodgrass, a 
 classmate in college. Father Reilly, of St. Patrick's Roman Catholic 
 Church, was among those who followed tlic l)ocl\- ,,( ])|-. MeCarrcII to 
 the grave. He asked for himself the privilege of walking in the pro- 
 ees.sion with the other clergy of the town. I le wished to show this mark 
 of respect for one willi whom in life he liad liidd pleasant intercourse. 
 
 REV, ROBERT H BARR, Ph D, 
 
 REV. ROBERT H. BARR. Ph. D., was born thirty-nine years 
 ago in Clasgow, Scotlan.l, ami was brought to this country by his 
 parents when a child. He is a graduate of Rutgers College, and of 
 the theological seminary of the Reformed Church at New Brunswick, 
 N. f. He was pastor of the Owasco Reformed Church, Cayuga 
 County, N. Y., and of the Old Bushwick Reformed Church, of Brook- 
 lyn. He became pastor of the Associate Reformed Church, of New- 
 burgh, in 1888, 
 
 FIRST REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 This denomination is historically known as the Covenanter Church 
 iif Great Britain; so called because of the public covenants that were 
 entered into in behalf of civil and religious liberty during the Reform- 
 ation in Scotland. In later years it bears the name of the Reformed 
 Presbyterian Church and still manifests some of the spirit and 
 heroic courage of its martyred ancestry in vindicating the claims of 
 Christ as Ruler of the nations as well as King in Zion. In this 
 country the church is the outgrowth of the Reformed Presbyterian 
 Church in fJreat Britain. In the latter part 
 of the iSth century members of this denomi- 
 nation began to .settle in the United States, 
 and some of them found a home in Orange 
 County, N. Y., and were organized into a 
 society at Coldenham in 1750 by the Rev. 
 Mr, Cuthbutscm, a minister from Scotland. 
 
 The first jjlanting of this denomination 
 in Xewlnirgh was in the year 1793, when 
 several families c.f the Covenanter faith 
 settled in the vicinity and began to hold ser- 
 vices on the Sabbath in their different 
 homes. ^Vlth the incoming of new families, 
 the little band was strengthened .so mater- 
 ially that in 1S02 the first Covenanter Soci- 
 ety was organized. The leading members 
 of the organization were Josiah Galley, 
 Robert Johnston, James Clark, and John 
 Curry. This society became a branch of the 
 Coldenham congregation, in which Mr. 
 Clark, mentioned above, was chosen as an 
 KIder in 1,803. For some time this society 
 held services in Mr. Clark's house in Clark 
 Street, which received from him the name 
 it still retains. Afterwards it occupied the 
 old Academy as a place of worship until a 
 church edifice was erected in iSiS. For 
 several years this society was ministered 
 to by tile fathers in the church; but es- 
 pecially by jir. James Milligan, who was past<.r of the Coldenham 
 congregation, and after^vards by his successor, the Rev. J. R. Will- 
 son, D. D., an eminent theologian and a man of commanding pres- 
 ence and of matchless pulpit eloquence that attracted large audiences 
 to his public ministrations. In 1S22 Dr. \Villson began the publica- 
 tion of the E7>angc!ical Witness, xi magazine of forty-eight pages, 
 which continued f..r I'our years. He also edited the Albauv Qiiar- 
 It-rly and Chrisliaii S/iUcsiiuut , which had but a brief existence. 
 He delivered the eulogium at the interment in Goshen of the bones 
 of those that fell in the battle of Miuisink, and which is published in 
 ■ laager's History of Orange County." Such is a brief historv of this 
 denomination in Newburgh until the fi>rmation of a distinct and sep- 
 arate congregation. 
 
 The First Reformed Presbyterian congregation was separated 
 Irom the Coldenham church in the year 1824, and was organized into 
 a separate congregation, James Clark, Samuel Wright and John 
 Lawson were chosen Elders, and John Crawfinxl elected Deacon. 
 The next year Matthew I luke was elected an Elder, and William M. 
 Wiley and William Thompson were also ordained Deacons, and the 
 
 latter was s 1 after chosen to the office of Ruling Elder. In 1S25 
 
 allies R, J.ihiiston was installed as the first pastor of the 
 
 the Re 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 123 
 
 congregation aiul continued in that relation until 1S29, when he re- 
 signed and connected himself \viih the Presbyterian Church. He was 
 succeeded by the Rev. Moses Roney, who served with great accept- 
 ance from 1S30 to 1S4S, when he resigned because of failing health 
 and moved to Pittsburgh, where he died in 1S53. While in Newburgh 
 Mr. Roney published a monthly magazine of thirtv-two pages, which 
 is still published in Pittsburgh. 
 
 The third pastor was the Rev. Samuel Carlisle, of Colcraine, Ire- 
 land, who was ordained and installed over the congi'cgation on the 
 14th of November, in the year i>4„. His pastorate covered some 
 thirty-eight years, Mr. Carlisle being called to his rest July 3, 1SS7. 
 
 During his administration the congTegation was blessed' abund- 
 antly in the increase of members, being compelled twice to enlarge 
 its edifice. The debt on the old church building was discharged in 
 iS5i,and in 1852 the edifice was remodelled so as t.. make double 
 seating capacity. 
 
 During the Autumn of 1S54 a large number withdrew from the 
 First Church and formed the Second C.ngregati.in (Westminster), 
 
 calling to its pas- 
 torate the Rev. J. 
 R. Thompson. 
 
 As the First 
 l-'hureh increased 
 in members, it was 
 comiielled to make 
 a second enlarge- 
 ment of their edi- 
 fice. This w a s 
 done in the Fall of 
 1^77. The im- 
 provements con- 
 sisted in putting a 
 basement under 
 the former build- 
 uig and making 
 an addition to the 
 front of thirty feet 
 by fifty. This im- 
 provement cost ten 
 thousand dollars, 
 all of whicli ^\■as 
 discharged some 
 years before the 
 death of the pas- 
 tor through his en- 
 ergetic efforts. 
 Under his pastor- 
 ate nvvv s e \- e n 
 certificate ami pro- 
 
 REV SArvlUEL CARLISLE 
 
 membership b\' 
 
 hundred were admitted int 
 fession of faith. 
 
 The fourth pastor and the one now in charge is the Rev. John W. 
 F. Carlisle, the eldest son of the late pastor. Called to the congrega- 
 tion from his charge in Xew Alexandria, Pa., in December, 1S87, he 
 was installed in June, 1888. 
 
 The present condition of the congregation is most encouraging 
 and promising. It numbers three hundred and has a membership 
 list of two hundred. It has an active board of officers, a strong mis- 
 sionary society, an energetic organization of Young People's Chris- 
 tian Endeavor, and three well equipped Sabbath schools. It has a 
 most cheerful and commodious house of worship, well situated, fine 
 acoustic features, entirely free of debt. In addition to those previou.s- 
 ly named, the following have been elders in the church: David T. 
 Cavan, William Brown, David Stewart, Alexander Wright, William 
 Hilton, John F. Beatty, John W. McCuUough, Isaac Cochran, Henry 
 Ross, Hugh Robinson. William Lynn. Wilham Wilson and James 
 Flemming. 
 
 The present board of officers arc : Pastor — John W. F. Carlisle; 
 Elders — James Greer, Andrew Henderson. William McMeekin, John 
 Frazer : Deacons — Samuel Dunlap, Thomas M. Ross, George Haw- 
 thorne, W. Johnston McKay and James L. Ross. 
 
 REV. SAMUEL CARLISLE was born at Coleraine, Ireland, Jlay 
 4. 1S28. He was llie son of the Rev. Samuel and Letitia (Craig) Car- 
 lisle. His father was an eminent minister of the Covenanter Church 
 and was settled over the congregation of Coleraine. The education 
 ot ilr. Carlisle was of a thorough nature. Born of a pious parentage, 
 he was reared most carefully in the things relating to morality and 
 the Christian faith. At an early age he attended the Coleraine acad- 
 emy; took his college training at Queen's College. Belfast; studied 
 theology in the seminary of Paisley. Scotland; and was licensed to 
 preach by the Northern Presbytery of the Covenanter Church of Ire- 
 land on May 4, 1848. Thus he was ready for his life work at the 
 youthful age of t\venty. 
 
 As a theological student he was brought into close contact with 
 minds of the first order, as Drs. Cook. Dick and Symington. This 
 contact moulded greatly his own mental powers, and imparted the 
 clearness and strength that so marked his unfolding of the Truth of 
 iTod. At the age of twenty-one, in the Spring of 184(1, !«-■ came to 
 this country. A few months after his coming he received a heartv 
 call to the Reform- 
 ed P r e s b y t e riaii 
 Congregation o f 
 Newburgh. He 
 accepted the call, 
 and was cjrdained 
 and installed Nov- 
 ember 14, 1849. 
 This was his first 
 and only charge — 
 beginning in 1840 
 in his t w e n t y- 
 second year and 
 ending in 1S87, in 
 his fifty-ninth 
 year: thirty -eight 
 years (.f constant 
 and faithful ser- 
 vice. 
 
 His li'Ug jDas- 
 toriite witness- 
 ed many great 
 changes in New- 
 burgh and its 
 vicinity. In 1.S49 
 it was a small vil- 
 lage on the Hud- 
 son; in 18S7 it had 
 become a thriving 
 city of twenty-two 
 
 thousand. In 1S49 the Rev. Drs. Brown, Johnston and McCarrell 
 were in their active nrinistries ; in 1SS7 they were gone, and other 
 servants of God were laboring in their places. All this makes the 
 history of Mr. Carlisle of more than local interest, connecting it 
 closely with that of the city itself. For a period of nigh two-score 
 years he was conspicuous as a most earnest Christian, a most evan- 
 gelical minister of the Word. 
 
 Both his private and public life were of spotless integrity. Sim- 
 plicity of character, honesty of purpose, faithfulness to convictions 
 cif soul, loyalty to his Lord and Master, were the striking features of 
 his niaiihoiid. .\s a servant of (iod, lie was deeply conscious of his 
 great responsiljility, and in his presentation of the truth he was for- 
 getful of self and aimed entirely at the salvation of his hearers. As 
 a thinker, lie was clear, forcil)le, honest and helpful. The strength 
 of his pen may be seen in the thoughtful paper cm " The History of 
 the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Newburgh and Vicinity, and 
 tlie Life of the Rev. Dr. James R. Willson," deUvered by him before 
 the Newburgh Historical Society, Feb., 18S5; also the " Centennial 
 Discourse." delivered by him at the request of the Newburgh Minis- 
 terial Association, at Washington's Headquarters. July 3, 1S76. 
 Both of these were published in pamphlet form and widely circu- 
 lated. Living in the midst of the " slavery contest," from the very 
 
 REV. JOHN W, F, CARLISLE, 
 
124 
 
 N E W B II K (i H 
 
 rtrst his voice ^va^; heard on the side nf tlie slave; his pulpit was true 
 ti> the aljiilitiiiii cause and the Union. In a wonl, on all i|uestions ol 
 Reform, he was " out and onl " lor the rii^hl. As a citizen, he mani- 
 fested a keen interest in \\hate\er concerned the welfare ol society. 
 He was identified with e\-er\' puMic measure that tended to lessen 
 human want, to elevate public nioral>, to promote i;ood j;ovcrnnieiU. 
 and to advance the cause of Ids Master. He was chosen as one ol 
 the first members of the Xewbnrj;'h Ore;anization bir Inipro\-in;,;- the 
 Couditiun of the Poor, now (he .\ssociated t'harilics of Ncwburnh. 
 
 away on Sabbatli mornin;.,', July 3- He was buried at Cedar Hill 
 Cemetery, a large concourse of friends following his body to its rest- 
 in.g place. He was married May lo, 1S53, to Margaret M. Fenton, 
 daughter of Dr. Fenton, of Xewburgh. 
 survive him. 
 
 His wife and four children 
 
 REV. JOHN W. F. CARLISLE was b..rn in Xewburgh Septem- 
 .r_.|, r-s-. lie attended the grammar schools and the academy, 
 ■aduating in 1.S75. He was prepared for college under Prof. 
 
 TRINITr' M 
 
 CHURCH AND PARiONAUE C. 
 
 .:! Liberty 
 
 He was made l)y the Xewdmrgh I'lible Society a life iiienibcr of the 
 American Kif»le Soeiet\' in 1S51, and a life director of the same in 
 1S74. 
 
 Of a strong and vigorous constitution, he enjoyed unusual health 
 throughout his whole niinistr\-. His record was a rare one, of not 
 being absent from his pulpit a Sabbath throu.gh illness. ( in the (ith 
 of January, 18S7, he preached his last sermon on the wonls: " In the 
 day of adversity consider," and on the next nifirning he was stricken 
 with paralysis which affected his right side. For a time he rallied, 
 but on June 2S received a second stroke, and jiasscd pcacerulh- 
 
 lioiiglity and Prof. Hanks. He entered Columbia College in 1S7O, 
 and was graduated in i8,So. Mr. Carlisle was made a member of the 
 honorary society Phi licta Kappa in Jlay, iSSo. Mr. Carlisle studied 
 theology in the Reformed Presbyterian Seminary at Allegheny, Pa., 
 in i.ss,,-S4, ;ind was licensed to preach by the New York Presbytery 
 of the Reformed Presbyterian Church May 13, 1,583. He was ordained 
 liy the Pittsburgh Presbytery and installed pastor of the congregation 
 at New Alexandria, Pa., June, 1SS4. He resigned this charge in 
 January, 1SS8, and was installed over the First Reformed Presbyterian 
 Church of Xewburgh in lune, ]8SS. 
 
NEW BURGH. 
 
 125 
 
 TRINITY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 In 17.S6 there stood on the site of the present First Presbyterian 
 Chiu'ch a dwelling occupied bv Elnathan Foster. The class from 
 which Trinity Church grew held its first meeting in this house in the 
 year named. The church was organized in iSoS. It was supplied by 
 circuit preachers until 1S20, when Samuel Fowler, son of Samuel 
 Fowler, of Middlehope, became the first settled pastor. The lirst 
 house of worship was erected in 1.S0S-9 on the southwest corner of 
 Gidnej' Avenue and Liberty Street, built of lirick, 45x35 feet. 'I'he 
 first trustees were Jlorgan Cole, Lewis Carter, William Haker, Joseph 
 Cole and George Westlake. Before the cliurcli was erected services 
 were held in the old Lutheran Church, in the Mcintosh house, and 
 in the upper room of the Acadenn-. In 1.S34-35 the building now 
 known as the Opera House was erected as a cliurch edifice at a cost 
 of Sio.ooo. 
 
 Xovember 14, iStio, the c<irner-stone of the present edifice was laid. 
 The architect was R. Lockwood; Little &■ Kellv, carpenters; John 
 Little, mason ; Madden & Fitzgerald, stonework. The building 
 was dedicated by Bishop Simpson Xovember 13, 1S61. The 
 church is purely Gothic and architectually enriched. < )n Lib- 
 erty Street it has a frontage of seventy - three feet and six 
 inches, and on Third Street it was originalh" one hundred and 
 forty-three feet deep. The middle tower and spire rise to a 
 height of one hundred and eight\- feet, with rich architectural 
 trimmings. The side towers are si.Kty-three feet high. The side 
 walls are supported with buttresses of heav)- masonry, aiifl all the 
 windows are of stained glass. The dimensions of the main building 
 inside are: nave, eighty-five feet in length liy si-\ty-t\\'o in breadth; 
 transept, seventy-eight feet in length, terminating at each end with 
 a large window. The ceilings of nave and transept are groined to a 
 height of fortv feet from the floor, and are finely finished with the 
 walls in rib work. The nave has an organ loft and singers' .gallery, 
 and an organ that was put in (1870) at a cr>st of $5,000. The cost of 
 the building and lot was about S35.000. This church, on account 
 of its situation and architectual Ijcauty, is an oljject of general 
 interest. 
 
 During the pastorate of the Rev. J. R. Lay. I ). 1 ).. (1SS7) about thir- 
 teen thousand dollars was expended in enlarging tile cliapcl, which 
 now contains a lecture-room witli seating cajiacity for six hundred 
 persons, a spacious parlor, pastor's study and several smaller class 
 rooms, affording ample accommodation for the Sabbath school and 
 prayer and class meetings. -V parsonage was erected in 1S90 on the 
 plot at a cost of Sio.orjo. 
 
 The church is in a flourishing condition, having a memljership of 
 750. The annual income is about S5.5'», in addition to which there 
 is contributed annually 84. 5«) for benevolent purposes. The Sabbath 
 school has six hundred and nineteen on the rt.ll, with an average at- 
 tendance of three hundred and eighty. The school is graded, having 
 primary, intermediate and senior departments, with an assembly for 
 adult members, young men's Bible class, young women's Bible class, 
 and other Bible classes, into which promotions are made from the 
 senior department. The contributions from the Sabbath school 
 amount to S2,<'X« a year, Si, 000 of which is contributed for missionary 
 purposes. The societies and methods of work are quite varied, in- 
 cluding Women's Foreign Missionary Society, Society of King's 
 Daughters, Christian Endeavor and Epworth League Society, Kheira 
 Bajera Society, reception committees, entertainment committees, 
 class meetings peculiar tr. Meth-jdists, Children's Missionary So- 
 ciety, etc. 
 
 The follo\cing is the list of pastors since r.Sf.o: i,Sf.o-6T, the Rev. 
 Charles Shelling (the Rev. John Parker filled part of the term, as Mr. 
 Shelling went to the war as Chaplain of the s^'th Regiment); 1SO2, 
 M. D'C. Crawford, D. D.; 1863-65, G. S. Hare, D. D.; 1866-68, John 
 Miley, D. D.; 1869-71, Wm. P. Abbott; J872-74. Andrew L.mgacre' 
 1875-77. ""'■ '^^ I^'^'''^' ^- ^-'^ 1878-79, DeLoss Lull 
 Searles;' 1883-S5, W. H. Miekle; 1886-88, J. R. Lay, D. D 
 A. Longacre, D. D., present pastor. 
 
 Trustees— Francis Gouldy, President; T. II. Skidmore, Vice Pres 
 ident; AV. H. Kelly, Secretary; T. J. Scymonr, Treasurer; T. S 
 
 Uuackenbush, C. H. Weygant, \V. S. Hamner, W. W. Terwilliger, S. 
 M. Bull. 
 
 Stewards— .M. Rydell, President; John WestUike, Secretary; James 
 T. Fanning, Treasurer; Joliii Woodin, IC/.ra I. Hunter, David D. 
 Miller, Milton I). Seymour, JI. C. Stone. J. Scott Wiseman, Isaac 
 \'ernol, James W. Barnes, H. H. Carver and Frank S. Hull. 
 
 Sunday School officers— Albert II. Strong, Superintendent; James 
 W. Barnes, Asst. Superintendent; Mrs. W. 11. Kelly, Female Asst. 
 Superintendent; W. II, Kelly, Secretary; J. Scott Wiseman, Treas- 
 urer; AV. .\. Contain, Librarian; J. \>. Wilson, jr., J. H. Kidd, P. B. 
 Taylor, jr., ami ILL. Brmulage, .XssisUinl Lil>rarians, 
 
 REV. ANDREW LONGACRE, D. D., pastor of Trinity Church, 
 was born 111 Philadelphia, June 12, 1.S31, the son of James B. Long- 
 acre, a portrait engraver, and for twenty-five years the engraver to 
 the Mint of the United States. He was converted in childhood, and 
 was a member of the Union :\Iethodist Episcopal Church until admit- 
 
 18.S0-S2, W. N. 
 1889-91, 
 
 REV ANDREi/V LONGACRE, D. D. 
 
 ted to the ministry 111 the I'liiladelphia C(jnference, in 1.S52, after 
 serving an appointment for one year under the Presidin.g Elder. 
 
 After fiUin.g charges for four years ho was compelled to suspend 
 his ministry by impaired health. In 1S60 he resumed work, going to 
 the American Chapel, in Paris, as assistant to the Rev. Dr. Me- 
 Clintock. Since then I )r. Longacre has filled pulpits in some of the 
 most prominent cluirches of his denomination, and is recognized as 
 one of its ablest divines. 
 
 In 1862, on liis return from Paris, he was appointed to the church 
 at Hestonville, Philadelphia; in 1S63-65 he war at Trinity in Phila- 
 delphia; 1866-6.S, Charles Street, Baltimore; 1S69-71, Central Church, 
 New York; 1872-74, Trinity Church, Newburgh; 1S75-77, Green 
 .Street, Philadelphia; 1878-80, Tabernacle, Philadelphia; 1S81-S2, 
 Trinity, Philadelphia; 1883-S5, Arch Street, Philadelphia; 1S86-8S, 
 Mount A'ernon Place, I'.altimore; l,^8o-9l, Trinity, Newburgh. 
 
126 
 
 N H W B II H C] H. 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 This is uuu uf i1k' ol(k-st ICpiscmnil C'luircli i>ri.;aiiizalioiis in llic 
 Diocese of Xcw Vi'rk. The eiuliest notice >>( il is an appHeation made 
 to the Propagation Soeiety in England fur help toward tile siiiipurt of 
 a missionary in i-^S. In 1752 there is reecnil of tliegraiil of live hun- 
 dred acres of land for a glebe, and at various otlier dates re))orts were 
 made by the inissionarius sent liere <•( their services and successes. 
 In 1770 the church was incorporated. 'I'lie Revolution was a period 
 of great adversity for the chiireli throughiail tlie coniitr\-, and tliis 
 parish sntTcred severely. When the war was ended it had neither 
 minister, nor wardens, nor vestry, and practically it had ceased to 
 exist. Xo attempt to resuscitate the church appears to have been 
 made until 1790, wdien the Rev. ('icorge II. Spierin was elected to dis- 
 charge the double duty of minister and schoolmaster, but he resigned 
 in 1793, and the station again became vacant. 
 
 In i,?05 the parish was re-incorporated. In 1S14 the Re\-. John 
 Brown, then in deacon's orders, commenced his ministerial labors at 
 Fishkill. During the Summer of 1S15 lie held a third service in 
 Newburgh, and later removed here at the solicitation of Pusliop Ho- 
 
 of a gallery, and an organ was procured. In 1834 it was again en- 
 larged, and the lower was erected in which a bell was hung. Again, 
 in I.S5!, it was further enlarged and beautified, and a commodious 
 Sabbatli schoiil building ami vestry-room were added. The church, 
 as originally built, was a substantial stone structure, rectangular in 
 form, according to the usa.ge of that early period; Init at this time a 
 recessed cliancel was added, giving it a more chnrclily appearance, 
 and in this year also the old organ was replaced by a new one. 
 
 Dr. I'.rown resigned February 6, 1S7S, but was made Rector Emer- 
 itus for life. He died August 15, 18S4, after a residence of sixty-nine 
 years in the parish. February 6, 1S7S, the Rev. C)etavius Apple- 
 gate, who, since November 8, 1868, had been assistant minister with 
 full pastoral charge, became rector of the ])arish. 
 
 In 1S74 the ladies of St. fleorge's Church projeeterl a home and 
 hospital, which was incorporated by the ladies of Xewburgh and 
 New Windsor. In 1880 the old-fashioned, narrow pews in the church 
 \\-ere replaced by more modern and comfortable ones, the chancel 
 was decorated in a chaste and suital)Ie manner, and a beautiful chancel 
 window erected. In 1S84 the rectory in Grand Street was purchased: 
 and also a new organ for the church. In 1SS6 the Sunday school build- 
 
 ST GEORGES PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CH U RCH - Corner 
 
 ot Grand and Seco 
 
 bart, as affording him a larger licM of usefulness. I )ccpl\- imbuei! 
 with the religious missionary spirit, possessed of untiring energy anil 
 an enduring constitution, he then entered upon a vigorous, success- 
 ful and almost unprecedented ministry of sixty-two years. Sjicaking 
 of the time wdien he began to work in this parish, he said, " I stood 
 alone, the only clei-gyman of the church between Vonkersand Pougli- 
 keepsie upon the eastern side of the Hudson, and between the City of 
 New York and the Town rif Catskill on the western." The labors of 
 Dr. Brown were not confined to St. Crcorge's |)arish. lie was most 
 helpful in organizing new parishes in the nci,ghborh(".rl, ;ind in keep- 
 ing weak parishes alive. 
 
 The services of St. {;corgc's were first held 111 the Lutheran 
 Church, afterwards known as the old (Ilcbe schoolhonse. H is not 
 known when it ceased to be used for that pur|ir.st-, but probabb- at 
 the time of the Revolutionary War. When Dr. Brown came to tlie 
 parish a building was temporarily fitted up as a chapel. In the fol- 
 lowing year the increase of the congregatiim made it expedient ti. 
 provide for their aeeommodation by the erection of a church edifice. 
 The work proceeded slowly, but steadily, until it was finally com- 
 pleted, and solemnly consecrated by the bishop of the diocese No- 
 vember to, tRfo. In tScC its capacity was increased by the addilir.n 
 
 ing was again enlarged, and ( .ther r. .. .ms were added. 1 ir. Applegate 
 still continues rector of the parish. Part of his successful work has 
 been the planting of the Church of the Good Shepherd. 
 
 The officers of the church are as foll,.,ws: vScnior Warden — Homer 
 Ramsdcll; Junior Warden — iMigenc .\. Brewster; \'csti-ymen— Joseph 
 11. 11. Chapman, Michael Doyle, James Chadwiek, Henry Dudlev, 
 Samuel C. Mills, Clavton i:. Sweet, A. II. Havemever and' Edgar 6. 
 .Mitchell. 
 
 REV. JOHN BROWN, D. D., « as born in the City r,f New 
 ^'ork, ,\la>- 10, 171)1. He was bapti/cd in the parish of Trinity Church, 
 ol which his parents were members. He received his early education 
 in his native city, and entered Columbia College, October 22, 1S07. 
 He was graduated August 7, iSii, and pronounced the valedictory 
 address for his class. 1 Ic selected the ministry as his ])rofcssion, and 
 studied theology under the Right Rev. John II. Ib.bart. the Assist- 
 ant Bishop of the Protestant ICpiscopal Diocese of New York. He 
 was licensed as a lay reader to Fishkill, (October 12, iSi2, and con- 
 tinned as such in the old parish of Trinity Church— which had been 
 closed for the want of a clergyman for more than seventeen years— 
 until .\|,ril T 1, iSi;. He returned to New York City, and was admit- 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 127 
 
 ted to the order of Deacon in St. Mark's Church in the Bower}-, July 
 10, 1S14. On September 13 of the same year he received and accepted 
 a call to Trinity Church, Fishkill. On November 5, 1S15, having 
 arrived at the canonical age, he was ordained tn the priesthood, by 
 Bishop Hobart, in Trinity Church, New York City. During the 
 Svimmer of 1S15, after officiating twice on Sunday in his own parish 
 at Fishkill, he established a third service in Newlnirgh. lU- found 
 but two communicants in the village. A rciom was obtained in the 
 Bath Hotel, in South Water Street, where the services of the vnung 
 minister were favorably receix'ed. 
 
 November 20, 1S15, he received a call to the rectorship of St. 
 George's Church, Newburgh, and wrote his acceptance on the follow- 
 ing day. By the advice and consent of his Bishop, he resigned liis 
 charge at Fishkill, and entered upon his duties as Rector of St. 
 George's, December i, 1S15. His mmistry commenced in a room 
 fitted up as a temporary chapel in the Jlelntosh House in Liberty 
 Street. Here he delivered his introductory sermon December 24, 
 iSis- His text was from I Timothy, iv: 16. The manuscript of the 
 sermon is still preserved. 
 
 Dr. Brown also organized St. Thomas's Church, New Windsor, was 
 chosen its rector, and held that positimi — devoting one-fourth of his 
 time to the New Windsor parish — till 1S47. L.)uring his earlier years 
 he performed a large amount of missionary work in this section of the 
 country, he being for many years the only minister of his church on 
 the west side of the Hudson between New York and Catskill. lie 
 organized St. John's Church at Jlonticello, Grace Church at Middle- 
 town, and the churches at Cornwall and Marlborough. He revived 
 the church at Goshen: also St. Andrew's, at Walden, St. Peter's, at 
 Peekskill, and St. Philip's, at Garrisons, holding services at intervals 
 at those places until the churches were strong enough to support rec- 
 tors. 
 
 Speaking of this work long afterward he said; ■' It is to me a sub- 
 ject of unfeigned gratitude that I was made the humble instrument 
 of organizing so many of these new congregations, and of resuscitat- 
 ing many which were then in a state of decay. It is to this portion 
 of my ministry that I look back with most pleasure and satisfaction." 
 He attended to the whole work of his parish without assistance 
 till February i. 1S59, when an assistant minister was appointed. He 
 continuedin full charge of his church till November S, i,S6S, when, still 
 retaining the title of Rector, the spiritual care of the congregation 
 was resigned into the hands of the assistant minister. On February 
 6, 1S78, he resigned the Rectorship, and was made Rector Emeritus. 
 Dr. Brown received the degree of ^Master of Arts from Columbia 
 College in 1815, and the degree of D. D. from Hobart College in 1841. 
 He declined the proflfer of the Presidency of Hobart College at its or- 
 ganization. He was elected a Trustee of the General Theological 
 Seminary in 1S32, and continued a member of that board till his death. 
 In 1844 and in 1S47 he was elected a Deputy to the General Convention. 
 During his ministry Dr. Brown preached special sermons on the 
 occasion of the death of ten Presidents of the United States. Janu- 
 uary 14, 1S56, he presided at the obsequies of Uzal Knapp, the last of 
 the Life Guards of Washington. (Jn November 5, 1S65, the semi- 
 centennial anniversary of his admission to the priesthood, he deliv- 
 ered a historical discourse, wherein he reviewed his labors in organ- 
 izing and reviving churches of the Episcopal faith, and gave the fol- 
 lowing statistics from the parish register: He had baptized 1,574 
 children, and 175 adults, making in all i ,749- Ifc had solemnized 499 
 marriages, enrolled 911 communicants, and buried 1,321 persons. 
 
 Aside from his distinguished services to the church. Dr. Brown 
 exhibited a devotion and zeal in other matters within his appropriate 
 sphere, second only to his fidehty and love for his priestly calling. 
 He served as one of the Trustees of the Academy, and was President 
 of the Board from 1833 till the property was transferred to the School 
 Trustees of the village. He was a member of the first Board of 
 Trustees of the common schools, and was President of the first Hor- 
 ticultural Society of Newburgh. He was chaplain of the Nineteenth 
 Regiment, and deUvered a sermon to its members one Sunday 
 afternoon in April, 1861, in St. George's Church, a few days before 
 the regiment left for the front. On the afternoon of August 25, 1861, 
 he delivered a sermon before the Tenth Legion, then in camp at 
 
 New Windsor. At the reception of Lafayette in Newburgh in 1S24 
 he delivered an address of welcome. (Jther public appearances of 
 the Doctor might be mentioned, but enough has been related to show 
 the temper of his mind, and his abiding interest in the welfare of his 
 community and of his country. Dr. Brown became a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity in T817, in Hiram Lodge. From 1873 till his death 
 he was chaplain of Hudson River Lodge. 
 
 Dr. Brown's life was a singularly eventful one— full of sacrifice 
 and zeal in the work of the Master. His inrtuence was ever exerted 
 ill the eiiconragemcut and support of various benevolent, educational 
 and eiinoliliiig movements of the day. The good he accomplished is 
 immeasuraljle. He was the oldest minister of his denomination in the 
 State. Old residents say of his preaching that it was remarkably 
 thoughtful, logical, imjiressive, reverent and imbued with the spirit 
 of religion. It was as a father addressing, comforting and encourag- 
 ing his children. People of all sects and denominations recognized 
 the perfectuess. the beauty, the worth of such a life as his. 
 
 \yi'-/Cc^ 
 
 REV. OCTAVIUS APPLEGATE, M A , S T, D. 
 
 Dr. Brown mamed Ncjvember 1;, 1S19, Frances Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Robert Ludlow, of Newburgh. The ceremony was performed 
 by Bishop Hobart in St. George's Church. She died April 19, 1S71 
 They had ten children, namely: William, Ludlow and Frances, who 
 died in childhood, Mary, who married Daniel T. Rogers; Margaret, 
 who married George W. Kerr; Augusta, who married Moses Ely; 
 Helen: Anna, who married Eugene A. Brewster: John llobarl and 
 Charles L. 
 
 He died at his home in h'irst Street, August 15, iS,S4, aged 93, and 
 was buried in .St. Gei'rgc's Cemetery. 
 
 REV. OCTAVIUS APPLEGATE, M. A., S. T. D., rector ..f 
 St. George's P. E. Church, was born July .s, 1840, at Kingsbridge, 
 Devonshire, England. His father, the Rev. Thomas Applegate, was, 
 in 1840, resident supjjly for the First Baptist congregation of New- 
 burgh, and shortlv afterward entered the Episcopal Church. He has 
 a brother in tlie ministrv, tlic Rev. L. W. .\])pU-g.-itc, wlio is rector of 
 
uS 
 
 N E \V B U H G H 
 
 Christ Church, Strcatnr, 111. 1 ir. Applc.i^'atr is u tvruihuilc <•( llnlKirt 
 C(>lk-i;e, ( ".L'lU'va. fnini which he received his master's (le.i;rec in cmirst-, 
 and in iSsj his doctorate, lie tool< his diviiiily course in the Cicneral 
 Theological Seminary, of wdiich lie is an ahnnuus. Was ordained 
 Deacon in Calvary Church, \e\v N'ork, by the Rij^iit Rev. lloiatio 
 Potter, July ;,, iS(i4, when he became assistant minister of Orace 
 Church, Brooklyn Heights, where he was ordained a priest .March 12. 
 1S65, in order to become the first rector of St. I'.iiil's Church, of I'raiik- 
 lin, Delaware County, N. Y. Here he built a beautiful );-otliic church, 
 and secured for the jiarish ini the same j;rouiids a coinniodious 
 rectory. - 
 
 November S, iSdS, he entered upon his duties 111 .\cwburgh. ha\- 
 ing accepted a call to be the " assistant minister of St. (.Jeorge's, with 
 full pastoral charge." etc. I'ebruary 6, 1S78. the Rev. John Brown, 1 ). 
 D., resigning the rectorship after an incumbency of 62 years, Dr. Ap- 
 plegate was elected rector. In \>-- he became Dean of the "Western 
 Convocation, but on its reorganization as the Archdeaconry of Orange 
 a few \'ears ago, he declined reappointment as the jVrehdeacon rm 
 account of ill health. Since 1S73 he has been a member of the Mis- 
 sionary Committee of the Diocese, for several years on its Committee 
 on the Canons; he was elected by the General Convocation a member 
 of the Board of Managers of Domestic and Foreign Missions, in which 
 he is chairman of its leading committee — that on funds. I >r. Ai)]>lc- 
 gate ranks as a learned and influential minister of the Diocese of Xew 
 York. 
 
 Sincerity of conduct, and zeal and earnestness in religious work arc 
 marked traits in his character. His style as a preacher and writer is 
 finished and scholarlv in a high dc.grcc, and his logical po\\-ers are 
 well developed. He has a special inclination, it may be said, for the 
 discussion of ethical questions and the many subtle influences which 
 largely control the opinions and conduct of men. He jirefers the con- 
 sideration of .great principles, rather than the varied facts of every- 
 day life. 
 
 Earnestness is the marked feature of his style of preaching. His 
 voice is deep-toned and well modulated. He uses gesture very mod- 
 erately in his delivery, but his sermons are marked by beauty of 
 thought and elegance of expression. His inclination undoubtedly 
 is for studies in the line of his jirofession. or thi>se wdiich arc most 
 efficient aids in his work. 
 
 He gives himself unsparingly to church cluties and faithful minis- 
 tration in all church services. He is zealous in laboring for the ex- 
 tension of that church to which his vows have been given, and to 
 engage in every form of missionary work. He is ever ready to min- 
 ister to those who iirc in " sickness, sorrow, or any other advcrsit)'." 
 
 The membership of St. George's Church has lar.gch- increased 
 under his pastorate, and so has its financial strength. He has aided 
 in organizing many societies for church work and for purposes of 
 charity. 
 
 The organization of St. George's Mi.ssion Clia]iel, now the Churcli 
 of the Good Shepherd, has been greatly promoted bv his earnest 
 labors. There and in the old parish church of St. George's will be 
 found the enduring record of his work. 
 
 AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION CHURCH. 
 
 This church was organized m i,S27. by the Rev. George .Mat- 
 thews. The meeting was held at the house of Ctcsar Saylor. 
 in Montgomery Street. The society was placed under the care 
 f)f Father Seymore. Brothers Woodsell (white) and Joscjih Cole, 
 exhorters, assisted in the church. The Rev. Jacob Matthews, pastor 
 of the A. M. F. Zion Chinch, New York, afterward took charge oi 
 the society, and sent his son, the Rev. George Matthews, to ]>reaeli 
 to the people. 
 
 In 1S32 the Rev. William II. Bishop took charge. Religious services 
 were held from that time at Lewis Beattie's h(juse, in South Water 
 Street. Afterward they moved to the basement of the Catholic 
 Church, in Liberty Street. In 1S33 a lot was purchased from John 
 W. Knevels, on which the church building was erected under the pas- 
 torate of the Rev. William H. Bishop. The following persons composed 
 
 llie lloard of Trustees — Peter Schoonmakei . James Moore, Cfesar Say- 
 lor and lames Fortune. 
 
 i'loiii |S\_^ to 1847 the following ministers had charge of the 
 cliiireli -Rev. Messrs. William Serrington, Samuel Scrrington, Daniel 
 X'andervcei , George Garnet, Edward Bishop, John Tappan, Richard 
 Norris. [allies Hall, Henrs' .\. Thompson and John Dungy. 
 
 In 1S47 the Re\-. Josepli P. Thompson (now Bishop Thompson), took 
 charge of the church as Presiding Elder of the District, having under 
 him tile Rev. R. T. liastcp. 
 
 In 1.S48 the Rev. J. P. Thoni])son took full charge by appointment. 
 1 le had the church incorporated, and paid S50 on the indebtedness of 
 the church to Captain Rc<binson. The following persons were elected 
 trustees at the time: Lewis Beattie, Stephen Wood, John Saylor, 
 James Livingston, Cfesar Saylor, John King, Stephen Ajon. 
 
 In i,S5o the Rev. Samuel Giles became the pastor, and continued 
 in that relation till 1851. The Rev. Peter Rose was pastor from 1851 
 to 1853. The church was rebuilt under his pastorate. He was as- 
 sisted by the Rev. John Washington. 
 
 In iS5(j~;7 the Re\-. James Livingston was in charge, but died 
 during the term. The l<c\'. J. C. .Spence filled the unexi:)ired term. 
 
 In 1S58 the Rev. Joseph P. Thompson was again appointed to the 
 charge. He jjaid nft the debt and finished the vestry of the church. 
 
 At a watch meeting, held in December, i860, a number of rioters 
 made an attack up<in the church, broke down the door, and com- 
 mitted other depredations. The Rev. Mr. Thompson had the of- 
 fenders arrested, and they paid Sioo to settle the matter. 
 
 AFRICAN M E ZION CHURCH Washington Street near Liberty Street 
 
 In 1S62 the Rev. Jacob Trustee was pastor. The watch meeting 
 was again disturbed and broken up; this time bv a l.iand of soldiers. 
 
 In i.S63the Rev. William H. Decker was appointed pastor. During 
 this year Dubois B. .\lsdorf assisted the pastor in having the church 
 paiiUerl. New blinds were ])Ut on, stoves bought, the church insured, 
 and the debt paid olT. 
 
 In isoh the Rew Moses .Manning was ]iastiir of the church. 
 
 In 1S07 the Re\-. Joseph P. Thompson took charge of the church for 
 a thiril time, 1 )uring that \ car he purchased the organ, whicli is now 
 in use. 
 
 In 1870 the Rev. J.acob 'I'homas, pastor, enlarged and rebuilt the 
 church at a cost ..f §2,487.02. It was re-dedicated by Bishop CUnton, 
 assisted by the Rev. Joseph P. Thompson. 
 
 In 1.S71 the Re\-. Gabriel Rice, the next pastor, paid $210 on the 
 ilcbt of the church. 
 
 In i S73 the Rev. 1 Iciiry 1 )umpson was appointed pastor two years. 
 
 In 1875 the Rev. Nathaniel Stubbs was pastor. During the year 
 the bond and mortgage mi the church of si .000 was paid, through 
 the efforts of Valentine Rr.binsoii and Charles B. Alsdorf (both of 
 whom are now ileeeased), in commemoration of which a jubilee was 
 held ill the church in I'ebruarv of that vear. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 1^9 
 
 In the year 1S76 the Rev. William H. Decker was appointed pastor 
 the second time, for three ^-ears. 
 
 In 1S79 the Rev. N. H. Turpin tilled the unexpired term of the 
 Rev. M. H. Ross. 
 
 In iSSo the Rev. J. A. Evans was appointed for one year. 
 In iSSi the Rev. J. B. Small was pastor, serving from May to 
 November. Part of iSsi and 1SS2 the Rev. John A'. Crivens had pas- 
 toral charge. He raised S200 on the debt of the church. 
 
 In 1SS3 the Rev, John Jones was appointed to the charge. 1 >ui-iug 
 his time the church was repainted. 
 
 In 1884 the Rev. T. W. Johnson was assigned to the chureli. lie 
 paid several insurances and a number of scattering del)ts, serving 
 three years. 
 
 In 1SS7 the Rev. Alfred Day took charge, keeping up the insur- 
 ance. 
 
 In iSSS the Rev. R. II. Stitt was appointed pastor, and com- 
 menced to actively engage himself in building up the condition of llic 
 church. His energy and excellent method of vorkiiig won the hearty 
 co-operation of the church and sister church- 
 es. Ha^4ng the support of Bishop Thomp- 
 son, an appeal was issued to the public, and 
 after several months of untiring effort the 
 Rev. Mr. Stitt succeeded in cancelling the 
 entire debt of the church — SSoo, and putting 
 on a new roof. The jubilee was celebrated 
 on the i6th da}' of March, 1S90, that being 
 the fifty-si.xth anniversary of the church. 
 Mr. Stitt was succeeded by the Rev. E. 
 J. MiUer, -who sen,-ed till April, 1S91. The 
 present pastor is the Rev. AV. II. ,\.l)l)ott. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Osbon, father of the 
 present pastor of St. John's M. E. Church, 
 this city, assisted b)' Cornelius Smith, mer- 
 chant, greatly assisted the Rev. Mr. Ross 
 to build the church during his time. The Rev. 
 Robert Ritchie, father of editor Ritchie, of 
 the Journal, always interested himself in 
 the church during the Rev. Mr. Thompson's 
 absence, and was most highly respected and 
 beloved by all. After the labors of Joseph 
 Cole, who owns the property on the corner 
 of Dubois Street and Broadway, James H. 
 Phillips has been a constant help to the 
 church, preaching and speaking whenever 
 called upon. Charles Estabrook, City Li- 
 brarian, has devoted many years in assist- 
 ing the officials of the church and especially 
 
 the Sunday school. His work has been the foundation of much good. 
 The church has passed through many troubles. Three times it has 
 been taken from the hands of the Sheriff by Bishop Thompson 
 while others were pastors. 
 
 RIGHT REV. JOSEPH P. THOMPSON 
 
 RIGHT REV. JOSEPH P. THOMPSON has resided in this city 
 for many years. The highest honors of his church have been con- 
 ferred upon him, and in his ofRcial capacity he has exerted a wonder- 
 ful influence with his people, and done much to elevate their moral 
 and social condition. 
 
 Bishop Thompson was born in slavery, at "Winchester, \'a., 
 December 20, 1818. He ran away from his master while yet a youth, 
 and found a home with a kind-hearted man in Pennsylvania. He was 
 brought up in a good family, under moral and religious influences, 
 and encouraged to improve all the advantages that could be afforded 
 him for his future welfare. He was sent to night scho<jl and per- 
 mitted to attend the district .school during the Winter months, and 
 thus acquired a common-school education. He was naturally studious, 
 loved books, and early determined to qualify himself for some useful 
 vocation in life. 
 
 Although his opportunities were limited, he was ambitious and re- 
 solved to enter a profession or calling where he could help his less- 
 
 favored people. It so happened tliat he liad the opportunity to 
 study medicine with a physician rcsiiling at Jliddlelown Point, now 
 Matawan, N. J., a study which he has continued through life. But 
 serious thoughts of preferring holy orders to any other profession 
 gave a liapi)\- turn to his mind, and he decided in favor of the min- 
 istr\'. 
 
 He read theology under the direction of the late Rev. Dr. Mills, 
 of Auburn, a privilege which he has often mentioned to his friends 
 with an indelible sentiment of gratitude. He was licensed to ])reacli 
 in 1S39, and attracted much attention and drew large crowds to hear 
 him. Ilis sernK.ns were delivered with animation and zeal. 
 
 In 1853 lie was sent bv his church to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where 
 he preached with acceptance, and found great demand for his med- 
 ical skill. In tills he was so successful that he concluded to return to 
 "the States" and take a regular course in a medical college. He 
 succeeded in this resolve, and graduated from the University of Med- 
 icine, in the Citv of Philadelphia, with tlie de.gree of Doctor of 
 Medicine, his diploma hearing date April i, 185S. 
 
 Since then he has devoted his life to the 
 service of his church and people, equally 
 competent to preach the go.spel and admin- 
 ister to the sick and dying. By precept and 
 example he has taught and encouraged his 
 people, and been to them a benefactor and 
 faithful friend. He has served almost all 
 tile churches in the Zion connection along 
 tile Hudson, and was three times pastor of 
 the Zion Church in this city. 
 
 His faithful and efficient services have 
 not been unrewarded, and in Jul)', 1S76, he 
 was consecrated to the Bishopric of the A. 
 M. IC. Z. Church, in the City of Louisville, 
 K\-. This distinguished mark of confidence 
 and esteem on the part of his denomina- 
 tion, at once commended him to the atten- 
 tion and respect of all other sects and creeds, 
 and ho has become one of the most popular 
 and honored men in the ministry. Officials 
 at Washington have freciuently conferred 
 with him on public measures, especially on 
 affairs in the .South. In iSSi he was invited 
 to England, and, by special request, read a 
 paper before the Ecumenical Conference of 
 Methodist Episcopal Churches convened in 
 London from all j^arts of the world. 
 
 During the last fifteen years he has been 
 engaged in his duties as a Bishop, a posi- 
 tion of great importance and responsibility. Jlrs. Thompson, the 
 partner of his youth, is still spared to him. She is a most estimable 
 woman, deeply interested in her husband's life-work, and for many 
 years past the treasurer of the missionary funds of their church. They 
 have one daughter, the wife of Professor D. B. Alsdorf, residing in 
 this city. 
 
 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 The first organization of a Baptist church in the village of New- 
 burgh was in the year 1.S21. This society maintained a feeble exist- 
 ence until some time in the year 1828, when it dissolved. The pres- 
 ent church was formally reorganized by a council convened in the 
 brick meeting-house of the Methodist Society, December 24, 1S34. 
 The constituent membership numbered thirteen. The early years 
 were those of struggle and discouragement, but they were bravely 
 met and safely passed. The growth that followed these has been 
 sure if not swift, until the church now has a membership of 430. It 
 raises annually for church I'xpcnses and regular denominational be- 
 nev'ilcnce about $0,5011. 
 
 After Its reoj-ganization in 1.S34 the congregation held services in 
 a building m Liberty Street, calleil the Mcintosh house, and after- 
 wards it occupied the old Methodist church in Liberty Street, corner 
 
1 ^o 
 
 NEWBUKGH 
 
 of Gidney Avenue, wliich Iniililing was purchased by tlie soeiel^-. It 
 was sold in 1S42 for §1)25, and Ihe society worshipped in \Vashint;ton 
 Hall. In 1S49 the erection of an edifice was enmmenecd at the corner 
 of ilontg-omery and Fourlli Streets. It was o]iencd for pulilic worslii]) 
 in the Spring of 1.^50. It was occnpied till iSiio, when it was sold to 
 the United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The present home in South Street was dedicated August 15, 1S60. 
 The structure is of brick and contains an audience room with a seat- 
 ing capacity of 600. Beneath this are the rooms used for the Sabbath 
 school and social gatherings. The tower and spire are 175 feet high. 
 The cost of the property has been about S3o,ooo, and it is free of debt. 
 
 The pastors smee 1S60 have been the Rev. Isaac Westeott, the 
 Rev. G. W. Lasher, the Rev. Lyman Wright, the Rev. K. W. Bliss, 
 the Rev. John O. Adams, and the present pastor. Rev. Arthur Jones. 
 
 Streets was completed at a cost of about SS.ooo, and dedicated 
 frciofdcbl; Steele Harrison, mason; George Moshier, carpenter. The 
 constant gro\vth of the Sunday school made enlargement necessary, 
 
 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH South Street near Grand Street, 
 
 The officers of the church are : Heaeons— Solomon Watts, James 
 T. Lawson, Thomas Coldwell, Lewis M. Smith, Edgar C. Barnes, 
 and Frederick \V. Parsons; Church Clerk— Albert W. JIapes; Board of 
 Trustees— James T. Lawson, Lewis JI. Smith, Edgar C. Barnes, 
 John AV. JIatthcws, Eduai (1 C. Ross, Charles T. Goorlrich and Charles 
 J. Lawson ; Treasurer— Charles J. Lawson ; Clerk of Board of 
 Trustees — Edward C. Ross; Superintendent of Sabbath school- 
 Charles J. Lawson ; Secretary — Frank II. Embler ; Treasurer 
 
 Frederick W. Parsi.)ns. 
 
 I'IRST bAI'Tl.ST ClIUKCIl JIIS.SIUX. 
 The Mission of the First I-iaptist Church began with a Sundav 
 school and weekly prayer meeting, held in a vacant store on the 
 south side of Broadway west of William Street. The first session was in 
 June, iSsi. Great success attended the effort, and in Hccember, 
 18S3, the commodious brick chapel corner of William ami .\nn 
 
 F.R^T EAF'T.^T CHURCH 1/1 iSSION— Ccrr.er of V/i 
 
 r,d Ar,« Stree 
 
 and in the Fall of iS.Si) the extension for the primary- class w-as com- 
 pleted at a cost of S2,2(jo. The average attendance of the school is 
 now over 300. In addition to the Sunday schrjol session, a morning 
 and evening Sunday service and two week-night prayer meetings 
 are sustained. Jlr. Warren O. Barnes was the missioner in charge 
 of the work, commencing in the Fall of iS.Si, and was succeeded in 
 August, 1.SSS ]i\ the Rev. W. K. Webster, who resigTied in July, 1SS9. 
 The next was Edward A. Tuck, who resigned in July, 1S91. The pres- 
 ent officers arc; Missioner in charge. Rev. M. (t. Coker; Committee — 
 the Rev. Arthur Jones, James T. Lawson, Thomas Coldwell, Lewis 
 M. .Smith, Edgar C. Barnes, Lewis Burhans, Frederick W. Par- 
 sons, Charles H. Peirson, Charles J. Lawson; Superintendent of Sun- 
 day school — Edgar C. Barnes; Assistant Superintendent — Lewis Bur- 
 hans; Secretary^Gotleib Muhlcman; Treasurer — Frank M Johnston. 
 
 REV. ARTHUR JONES 
 
 County, X. V., ^larcli 20, 1S50, 
 College, Clinton, 
 X. v., in ^^73. For 
 live months he was 
 oil the staff of the 
 />'('!' I'liiu'S. He 
 then entered Ham- 
 ilton Theological 
 Semi n ar v, from 
 which he w,as grad- 
 uated in i S 7 5. 
 While ill the scm- 
 iiiar\- 111.-, for one 
 year. filled the 
 place of 1 ir. Lewis, 
 professor of Belles- 
 lettres, while that 
 gentleman made a 
 tour around the 
 world. In the 
 Stmiincr of 1S75 he 
 was settled as pas- 
 tor of the Baptist 
 Church at Water- 
 for.l, X. v., where 
 he coiiliiiiicd till 
 March, i.'i7i). when 
 he bc'canic pas- 
 tor ..f the I'irst 
 
 wa^ 
 He 
 
 bom in South Trenton 
 was graduated from I 
 
 , Cuieida 
 lamilton 
 
 REV ARTHUR JOtTES. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 i3i 
 
 Baptist Church at Newburgh. Mr. Jones married in 1S74 JIaria 
 Moore, second daitghter of Michael Moore, of Trenton Falls, N. Y. 
 
 AMERICAN REFORMED CHURCH. 
 
 In October, 1S34, Rev. William Cruickshank was sent to New- 
 burgh to found a Dutch church, and in five months had succeeded 
 so far that it was deemed wise bj' the Classis of Orange to organize 
 one. The beginnings were feeble and the prospects not flattering. 
 There were at that time seven churches in a population of 5,000. 
 The meeting for organization was held in the Associate Reformed 
 Church, corner of Grand and First Streets, of which Dr. McCarrcll 
 was then pastor, on Tuesday, February 24, 1S35, at 11 a. m. The 
 male appUcants to the Classis for the organization assembled at 10 a. 
 m. , at the house of John W. Knevels, in AVilliam Street between Ann 
 and Washington, and elected Isaac Belknap, Thomas G. Stansbor- 
 ough, Isaac A. Knevels and John W. Knevels, elders; and Cornelius 
 Bogardus, Thomas Jessup, Daniel Corwin and Albert M^ells, deacons. 
 
 At the subsequent meeting at the church the Rev. Mr. Vanderveer, 
 of New Hurley, preached the sermon, the Rev. R. P. Lee, of Mont- 
 gomery, performed the ordination service, and the Rev. Mr. Van 
 Vechten, of Blooming Grove, addressed the people. Twenty-six per- 
 
 was followed by an address by the Rev. Thomas DeWitt, D. D.; the 
 service concluded with praj'er and the benediction by the Rev. Sey- 
 mour Landon, of the M. E. Church. Service was held in the basement 
 Sabbath, November 13, 1837, and on the 7th of December following 
 the church was dedicated, the officiating clergy being the Rev. William 
 Cruickshank, the pastor; the Rev. Dr. DeWitt, the Rev. R. P. Lee, 
 the Rev. WiUiam S. Heyer and the Rev. F. H. Vanderveer. The 
 proceeds of the first sale of pews were about $3 ,000. 
 
 The church edifice is of Grecian architecture, is built of stone, 
 stuccoed, and was originally 50x80 feet, with a portico of 20 feet, 
 making a total depth of 100 feet. The first cost, including lot, etc. , 
 was about $20,000. Mr. Warren, of New York, was the architect, 
 Gerard & Halsey, masons ; A. Whitemarsh, carpenter. The church 
 was surmounted by a massive dome, which was afterwards removed. 
 
 The parsonage was built in 1S51, at a cost of $3,277, and was after- 
 ward enlarged at a cost of $5,000. The church was enlarged in the 
 Fall and Winter of 1S67-68, by an addition of 20 feet and the tran- 
 sept, giving an audience room of 100 feet in depth and 82 in width at 
 the transept. The improvements were from plans by J. E. Harney, 
 architect, and cost about $22,000. The church was reopened for ser- 
 vice April 19, 1868. 
 
 The health of Rev. Mr. Cruickshank, the founder of the church, 
 failed, and he resigned December 28, 1S37. There were forty mem- 
 
 \jr7-,r-'. 
 
 AMERICAN REFORMED CH URCH — Corner of Grand and Third Streets. 
 
 sons were received into communion. Ten thousand dollars was soon 
 subscribed for a church edifice (89,000 of which was raised by Mr. 
 Cruickshank in New York City), and the beautiful site at the comer 
 of Grand and Third Streets purchased. Contracts were awarded in 
 September. 
 
 The consistory having invited Rev. William Cruickshank to be- 
 come the pastor; he accepted, and was installed October 22, 1835. 
 The service was held in the Academy, then occupied by the church 
 for regular worship. After the installation the congregation moved 
 in procession to the foundation walls of the church in the following 
 order: i. The Building Committee. 2. The Consistory, 3. Tho 
 officiating clergy. 4. The clergy at large. 5. Congregation, fj. The 
 citizens in general. The corner-stone was then laid. The Rev. 
 William Cruickshank read a history of the organization of the church, 
 and a list of the contents of the corner-stone; the Rev. William S. 
 Heyer off^ered prayer; the box was set m the stone by Elder Isaac 
 Belknap, who made some feeling remarks ; the Rev. Dr. Broadhcad 
 delivered an address standmg on the top of the stone buttress, and 
 
 bers at that time. The Rev. Isaac M. Fisher was then for a few months 
 the pastor, and in October he too resigned because of failing 
 health. The material prosperity of the church became seriously af- 
 fected by the general financial depression of 1S37-38, and in April, 
 1839, the property was sold and purchased by Daniel Farrington, on 
 behalf of the creditors, for $10,053. An arrangement was soon after 
 made by which Matthew V. B. Fowler became the purchaser in trust 
 for the church. May 17, 1839, the Rev. F. H. Vanderveer became the 
 pastor and served the chvirch till 1842. September 13, 1842, Rev. A. 
 B. Van Zandt was installed, and served for seven years, and the church 
 prospered greatly under his ministry. There were 135 members in 
 1849. Then for nearly a year the church was without a pastor, but 
 on January 27, 1850, the Rev. Malcolm A. McLaren was called and 
 served till February, 1859, and the Rev. G. H. Mandeville succeed- 
 ed him. In May, 1859, the congregation resumed possession of 
 the property, after it had been held in trust for them by Mr. Fowler 
 for twenty years. During Mr. Mandeville's ministry of ten years the 
 membership increased from 166 to 297. It was during the closing 
 
I 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 years of his pastorate that the church was enlarij;c(l ami niaile 
 as we see it to-day. The Rev. W. II. ('ileasmi heeanie the pastor in May. 
 1S70, and durin;j; his term tile jjarsonage was enlarged, the delit ol 
 S20.000 reduced to $5,ooii. ami the nicmbershi)) increased from 2<n lo 
 504. 
 
 In September, iS;o, the Rev. J. llalsted Carroll beeame the pastor, 
 serving five years, and durini;- his term there were added to the 
 church 173. In April, 1SS2, the Re\-. II. \'. .'-;. Mvcrs was called, and in 
 May -was installed. lie resii;-ned in jaiuiarv, rSoi and was succeeded 
 by the Rev. R. H. Beattie. 
 
 On Sabbath, November 5, 1SS2, the entire debt of $9,000, with 
 interest for one year, was pledged when the Rev. F. B. Savage. <'f 
 Union Church, made the effort to lift the debt. In 1 lecember, 1S.S3, 
 the last payment on the debt was made. 
 
 The chin-ch has a membership (if al lout 4110; munbcr in Sabbath 
 school. 200; Young People's Soeietv of Christian Endeavor. 70. 
 Benevolent agencies connected with the church: Ladies' Mis.sionary 
 Society, Ladies' Aid Society, Sabbath School ilissionary Society. 
 The memlDcrs of the Cousistriry are as follows: Elders — Linus 
 Ostrander, Uriah Traphagen, Jacob Chatlicld and David L. Whit- 
 beck. Deacons — Ambrose Bradley Edward T. Bogardus, Andrus 
 Dewitt and (lilbert Calyer. 
 
 REV. HENRY VAN SCHOONHOVEN MYERS, D. D., was 
 
 born in the City of New York, May 27. 1.^42. He was prepared for 
 college at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, and entered the Uni- 
 versity of the City of New York in September 1S60. In March, 1S63, 
 he entered the sophomore class of Williams College and graduated. 
 
 Dutchess Coiintv. Thence in October, 1.874, lie was called to tire 
 South Reformed Church of Brookhn, where he officiated for seven 
 ami a half years. In Jlay, 1.8.82, lie became the pastor of the Ameri- 
 can Reformed Church of Newburgli, and continued its pastor until 
 fanuary, rScji. IIc' is rjow the pastor of the Union Reformed Church 
 ill Si.\th A\-enue, New York City. 
 
 REV, H, V S, MYERS D, D. 
 
 receiving the degree of Bachelor of jVrts in August, 1805. In the 
 Summer of 1S68 he received the further degree of Master of Arts from 
 the same institution. The degree of Doctorof iJivinity was conferred 
 by the L'niversity of the City of New York. Dr. Myers began his 
 ministerial service in the Spring of 1870 as assistant minister in the 
 Prospect Hill Reformed Church of New York City. In January, 1871, 
 he became pastor of the Reformed Church of T'pj)cr Red Ilook, 
 
 REV. ROBERT H. BEATTIE, pa^or of the American Reformed 
 Chinch, is the youngest son of the late Rev. R. II. Beattie, D. D., of 
 Xew IKirlev, Ulster County. His early education up to the time of 
 his entering college was carried on at home under his father's imme- 
 diate superx'ision, 
 and in the Autumn 
 of js.-sj he was 
 regularly matricu- 
 lated 111 the fresll- 
 111 an c I :i s s at 
 Princeton. 
 
 l_'pon his grad- 
 uation in 1885 he 
 was chosen as in- 
 structor in the 
 Syrian I'v itestant 
 College at Beirut, 
 .Syria, where he 
 taught four years, 
 and during the lat- 
 ter two years held 
 the position of 
 principal of the 
 preparatory de- 
 partment in that 
 institution. 
 
 During his resi- 
 dence in the East, 
 Mr. Beattie travel- 
 led widely in Pal- 
 estine and S\-riii, 
 besides 111 a k i 11 g 
 tours in Egypt, 
 Greece, and other 
 
 parts of the Levant. In the Summer of i,8Sg he returned to the 
 L^nited States and entered upon his theological course at Princeton, 
 where, owing to previous study in Arabic and Hebrew, he was en- 
 abled to complete the usual three-year course in two vears. During 
 the second year, he also occupied the position of tutor in Latin in 
 Princeton College. 
 
 At his graduation from Princeton Theological Seminarv in May, 
 1891 , he was awarded the Alumni Felh.iwshipin New Testament Liter- 
 ature, which gives the privilege of one year's study in any approved 
 university. 
 
 On June 24. J.891, the services were held ordaining Mr. Beattie to 
 the gospel ministr\-, and installing him pastor of the American Re- 
 formed Church. 
 
 "> K-,«, 
 
 ST. PATRICK'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 The first documentary evidence of the existence of Catholics in 
 Newburgh is found in a letter written by Bishop Connolly, of New 
 Vork, in the year 1.S1.8. It is dated the 24th of January of that year, 
 and addressed to Rev. Mr. Langdill, in care of Jlr. Jlclntyrc, of New- 
 burch. Fri>ni other sources, however, it is learned that for several 
 years previously, certainly as early as iSifi, divine service was held 
 from time to time in Newburgh by visiting clergymen from New 
 Vork. A certain Rev. Mr. McKenna is said to have occasionally cel- 
 ebrated mass and administered the sacraments about that period, and 
 he was the first priest to do so of whom tradition speaks. He was 
 followed in 1817 by a Rev. Dr. Ji'iench. The small gathering of 
 Catholics who then lived in Newburgh was accustomeci to assemble 
 
 REV. ROBERT H. BEATTIE. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 133 
 
 for divine worship in the house of Henrj- Gilmore. Its loLcition 
 was on Western Avenue (now Broadway) and opposite the present 
 St. Patrick's Cemetery. The names of the original worshipers tliere 
 are still remembered to the 
 number of at least fourteen, 
 who were heads of families. 
 
 This kind of religfious min- 
 istry — at intervals onlv — cim- 
 tinued until about 1S30. In 
 the meantime the number of 
 Catholics had increased, and 
 in that year the Rev. Philip 
 O'Reilly made Xewburgh his 
 headquarters, whence he at- 
 tended several other places 
 more or less distant. Some 
 time during his administration 
 the place of worship was 
 changed from ilr. Gilmore's 
 house to the rented upper 
 story of a small frame build- 
 ing called the Jlclntosh 
 house, which occupied the 
 southwest corner of the pres- 
 ent church property on Lib- 
 erty Street. The first perma- 
 nent pastor of St. Patrick's 
 was Rev. Patrick Dutfv, who 
 fixed his residence in Xew- 
 burgh in 1S36. In 1.S3S the 
 ground for a church was pur- 
 chased. In 1S39 the erection 
 of the church was commenced. 
 The work, however, was soon 
 suspended, and Avas onlv re- 
 sumed in 1S40. In 1S41 it 
 was far enough advanced to 
 
 have service in the building. The dimensions of the church were 90 
 feet in length by 55 feet in width. At that date the congregation 
 
 ST, PATRICK'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND DEANERY-Nos. 51 to 65 Grand St. 
 
 The church was formally dedicated 
 
 \- -4, 'vA y 
 
 
 ^- / 
 
 ^ --, r' . 
 
 .\ 
 
 > 
 
 -VNk' 
 
 ' v# 
 
 A"^ 
 
 -^-~.f--< 
 
 
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 )mh 
 
 i^fa.^ 
 
 
 
 ■V 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
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 fc5j/ 
 
 
 * 
 
 numbered about two hundred, 
 in 1S49 by Bishop Hughes. 
 
 In 1.550 a school was begun 
 m the basement. In 1.S52 the 
 grounds for a cemeterj' were 
 obtained. Father Duffy re- 
 mained in charge until his 
 death in 1553. 
 
 He was succeeded in the 
 Fall of the same year by the 
 Rev. Edward J. O'Reilly. The 
 first act of the latter was to 
 procure additional lots on 
 Grand Street, south of those 
 already owned by the congre- 
 gation, on which in 1854 a 
 pastoral residence was built. 
 In 1855 the Library Associa- 
 tion was formed, and it has, 
 under various names, existed 
 to the present time, and is 
 now known as the Young 
 Men's Catholic Lyceum. In 
 September, 1856, a monthly 
 periodical entitled the yWfc- 
 burgh Library Magazjine 
 was started, and continued 
 to be published until August, 1860. In 1858 the building on Liberty 
 Street, now occupied by the female department of the parochial 
 school, was erected. That year witnessed also the introduction of 
 the Sisters of Charity into Newburgh. In i860 the church, which had 
 
 ST. PATRICK" 
 
 become too small for the congregation, was so altered and enlarged 
 that it was made virtuallv a new one. Its former dimensions were 
 increased to 150 feet in length and 75 feet in width at the transepts, 
 
 and a steeple 135 feet in height 
 was added. The architect 
 was Rembrandt Lock wood; 
 J. Gill, mason; Little & Kelly, 
 carpenters. The number of 
 Catholics in Newburgh in 
 1S60 was about two thousand. 
 Father O'Reilly remained 
 pastor until 18O7, when he 
 was transferred t(j New York 
 to take charge of one of its 
 oldest and most important 
 parishes. He died there in 
 iSSi. His successor was the 
 Rev. Edward S. Briady. The 
 first work of importance un- 
 dertaken by Father Briady 
 was the enlargement of the 
 parochial residence. This was 
 done in 186S. The other 
 events of his pastorate were 
 the purchase of the property 
 at the south end of Grand 
 Street, which is at present 
 known as ,St. Patrick's Female 
 Academy, and the purchase 
 of sixteen acres of land in the 
 town of Xew "Wmrlsor, which 
 \vere intcndctl for the purposes 
 of a cemetery. In 1S75 the 
 members of the congregation 
 living in the Third and Fourth 
 Wards were formed into a 
 separate parish, and .since then 
 consequently there have been two Catholic congregations in New- 
 burgh. Resigning in March, 1S79, on account of ill health. Father 
 Briady only survived for a few months afterwards. In July, 1879, 
 
 Very Rev. Dean Mooney was 
 appointed. The repairs and 
 improvements — that were 
 deemed necessary — unchurch, 
 school and cemetery, were at 
 once made. In iS.^o the out 
 mission (if St. Joseph's, Xew 
 Windsor, was established and 
 a chapel, for the accommo- 
 dation of the Catholics of the 
 vicinit)', built. In 18S1 ii new 
 building for the Young Men's 
 Catholic Lyceum was erected 
 on Liberty Street. During the 
 ensuing two or three years the 
 efforts of the congregation 
 were directed towards the 
 liquidation of the cost of these 
 imprt)vements, as well as to- 
 wards the reduction of the 
 original debt. When the first 
 result was accomplished and 
 the second was well under 
 way it was determined to 
 thoroughly reiidvale and beau- 
 tify the elntreh. This was 
 done in 1S85 and with a success that has left nothing to be desired. 
 
 In St. Patrick's Church Newburgh possesses an ecclesiastical 
 structure, which, while much might be said of its exterior, as to its 
 interior, in perfection of detail, in variety and beauty of decoration, 
 
 ai 
 
 FEMALE ACAUEM < No. 5 Ori 
 
NEWBUKGH. 
 
 tmd in artistic iuiish, has few equals. From vestibule t(» altar, walli 
 its extiuisiteh' earx-ed /'as-ri'/irf, its rieli, harminiiims lileiidin^' nl 
 color and shade and sy uhcil, \vilh its strikin;^' pnicessioii nf saiiul\- 
 figures standing out from niche and shrine or monldeil in lines and 
 tints of rarest glass, with its cathedral-like sanctuary, a litting setting 
 for the pure white marble table of sacrifice that rises up throne-like 
 in its center, i: breathes, speaks religious devotion. It is one of the 
 attractions of the city itself, and its fame has gone fai-, foi- once seen 
 it is not easily forgotten. 
 
 The following vear tr-^Soi was mai'ked l>\- two e\-ents which had 
 and ^vhich continue to haxx- an inlluenti,d l>earing upon tin.' matter of 
 religious cilucation. A new impetus was gi\'en (ii the cause in 
 question b\' the arrival ol" foiu' mendiers of tin.- iusth' celel)rated com- 
 munity founded by 1 >e l^a Salle two hundrei! years ago for the ad- 
 vancement of Christian education — tlie I'.icilhers of the Christian 
 schools. 'I'hcN' ha\'e since conducted the male department. Their 
 arrival made necessar\*, owing to the great increase in the number 
 
 VERY REV. V'/ILLIAM L, PENNY, V. F. 
 
 of their pupils, the construction ui the large and well-app(jinted build- 
 ing on Liberty Street called St. Patrick's Institute. Begun in iS.sf,, it 
 was completed in 1.SS7. 
 
 The occurrence of the year iSSS «-as a reminder to thr pe.iple of 
 St. Patrick's that it was just fifty years since the congre.gation was 
 first organized and the erection of the church entered upon. Being 
 known in ecclesiastical parlance as " Jubilee year," it was resolved 
 to signalize the occasion by a celebration that would be niemorable. 
 No more appropriate way could be desired than to have their beauti- 
 ful church solemnly consecrated to the service of (iod forever. To 
 do this it was required that the church should lie unencumbered with 
 any debt. The mortgage consequently which was upon it was soon 
 raised by a genei-al subscription and the people had the happiness to 
 see their beloved temple of worship, <m the 21st of October, i.ss.S 
 duly consecrated with magnificent and impressive ceremonies by Arch- 
 bishop Corrigan, assisted by Bishop McQuaid, of Rochester, and 
 Bishop Bradley, of Manchester, X, 11. 
 
 .\l the present time St. Patrick's congregation numbers about 
 four Ihousanil souls. 'I'hrce ]iriests minister to its spiritual wants, 
 'j'herc are seven hundred and seventy-hve pupils in its schools. The 
 male and female departments are entirely distinct, occupying sep- 
 arate buildings and each having its own teachers. Both departments 
 are subdivided into an academic, an intermediate, and a primary de- 
 partment. Prejxiratory to each is a Kindergarten school. Four 
 Brothers and three lady teachers instruct the boys; six Sisters and 
 one lady teacher the girls, making, with the music teacher, fifteen in all. 
 
 Till' congregation is organized into various societies adapted t(j 
 tile ]iarticiilar needs and benefits of its several ages and classes: 
 .\ .Society of the llol\' Name for men, a Lyceum for young men, 
 a .Sodalitv of the Blessed Virgin for the larger boys, and a Confra- 
 lernitv of the Sacred Heart for the younger ones, an Association 
 of the Children of Marv for young ladies, a Society of Holy 
 .\ngels and a Society of the .Sacred Infancy for those who are 
 still in scliool. There are besides organizations of the Holy 
 Rosary and .Sacred Heart for all indiscriminately, as well as a 
 mutually benevolent organization under the charter of the CathoHe 
 Benevolent Legion. 
 
 There are seven seiwices in the church every Sunday, exclusive of 
 SundaA' schor)l. 
 
 With regard to its financial condition, St. Patrick's parish has for 
 tl/e last ten years made a remarkable showing. The improvements 
 which within that period have been planned and carried out, have 
 cost upwards of fifty thousand dollars, all of which has been paid. 
 At the same time the orignal debt has decreased from thirty thou- 
 sand to twelve thousand dollars, which is the total indebtedness on a 
 church ]iroperty which could not lie duplicated for a hundred and 
 fifty thousand dollars. The temporalities of the parish are admin- 
 istered by a corporation consisting of the Archbishop and Vicar- 
 'ieneral of the Diocese, the Rector of the parish, and two Trustees 
 from the congre.gation. 
 
 1 lean .Mooney left this congre.gation to accept the pastorate of the 
 Church of the Sacred Heart, in New Vork, in Januar\-. noo, and was 
 succeeded by the A'ery Rev. \Villiam L. Penny. V. F. 
 
 VERY REV. -WILLIAM L. PENNY, V. F., rector of St. 
 
 Patricks K..inan Catholic Church, and 1 >can of ( irange and Rockland 
 bounties, was born in Rondout. X. V. Ife attended St. JIary's school 
 there, and after cimipleting the course entered college in 1S62. He 
 was graduated from Xia.gara University in June, 1S67, and entered 
 St. Joseph's Seminary, at Troy, in September of the same year. He 
 was ordained there in |une. i.Syi, and afterw.irds appi.inted assistant 
 jiastor of St. James's Church, in Xew York City. 
 
 In Ltecember, 1S75, he was promoted to the pastorate of St. Ann's 
 Church, Xyack, where he completed the edifice then in course of erec- 
 ti.Hi. He also had charge of St. John's Church, at Piermont, and dur- 
 ing his (ifteen \-ears' ministry there he decorated and beautified both 
 of those churches, and reduced the heavy debts that encumbered 
 them, and did man\- other ennobling acts. In iS,S(, he was honored 
 \vith an appointment to the Board of l-:xaniiners of parochial schools. 
 
 He was a])pointed to the irremovable rectorship of St. Patrick's 
 in March. iS,„,, and also made 1 )ean of Orange and Rockland Counties. 
 .\lrcady 1 lean Penny has acquired a strong hold on the affections of 
 his jjcoplc. He has reduced the debt .,11 the ].roperty S4,..oo since he 
 came here, anil in other ways greatly strengthened the church. He 
 IS an able pulpit ..rator and popular platform speaker, and has done 
 a large amount of work as a lecturer since he has been a priest, or- 
 ganized many societies and exercised special care in school matters, 
 lie was a classmate of the former pastor of the church, the Vv. Rev. 
 Iic.in .Mooney, and also of Bishop Bradley, of Manchester," N. H. 
 Fathers Penny and .\lo,,ncy were also boys together in Rondout. 
 
 UNION CHURCH. 
 
 'Phis con.grcgation was organized July 13, 1S37, and erected 
 their first church buililmg on the southwest corner of Water and 
 Chilton Streets, It was composed of members who had withdrawn 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 135 
 
 from the Associate Reformed Church, and as a new society received 
 their spiritual baptism under the ministry of the Rev. John Forsyth, 
 D. D. He was installed pastor December 5, 1S37, and resii^ned 
 
 REV 
 
 ROBERT McCARTEE, D. D. 
 Union Church from 1849 tn !856. 
 
 OL^ .:, .', _rJPCH-C.rner of First and Montgomery Streets. 
 
 January 7, 154.3, but retained a paternal interest in the chara;e until 
 the day of his death, October, 17, iS.Sf.. 
 
 He was succeeded by the Rev. Abraham R. \'an Nest, jr. , and the 
 Rev. Robert McCartee, D. D. , resjiectively. The former was ordained 
 and installed January 20, 
 1848, and resigned October 
 14 of the same year; and the 
 latter was installed August 
 17. 1S49, and resigned April 
 9, 1856. 
 
 But progress in this con- 
 gregation was naturally 
 slower than with many 
 others, for there was more to 
 surrender. The original col- 
 ony of persons who formed 
 it, brought with them the 
 old Scotch version of Psalms, 
 retained their alliance with 
 the Associate Reformed 
 Synod, and erectc'l their 
 house of worship in the ex- 
 treme northeast corner of the 
 city. These and other r,b- 
 stacles were overcome during 
 the ministry of the Rev. Al- 
 exander B. Jack, who was- 
 ordained and installed pastor 
 June 25, 1857. The congre- 
 gation united with the Old 
 School Presbj'terians, and 
 
 purchased the First Presbyterian Church property on the northwest 
 corner of First and Montgomery Streets, in the center of the city. 
 
 rJTERIOR Oi IJl U 
 
 which is the site of their present church home. Mr, Jack was a man 
 
 of remarkable eltjquence and jjower, and possessed rare abilities as a 
 
 preacher. He spent twelve years with this congregation, where in 
 
 a very uncommon degree his labttrs were Messed. He left Newburgh 
 
 Jaimary i, 1S69, to s[)end the remainder of his acti\-u and useful life 
 
 m Pennsylvania, 
 
 but he e V c r re- 
 
 taiiicil the attacli- 
 
 ment which he liad 
 
 formed in eavl\- 
 
 nianliooil r.)r this 
 
 p 1 ;l c e a n d its 
 
 people. 
 
 Since his pas- 
 torate closed Union 
 Church has been so 
 fortimate as to en- 
 joy the ministry of 
 the Rev. Wendell 
 Prime, 1 ). 1 )., now 
 editor of the AVti' 
 ]'(>/■/,■ (_)/isi-r:uT, 
 and the Rev. 
 Charles Cuthhcrt 
 Hall, at J) re se n t 
 pastor of the First 
 P r e s b y t e r i a n 
 Church of P.rook- 
 lyii. The former 
 was installed June 
 3, 1869, and resign- 
 ed September 28, 
 1.^75; and the lat- 
 ter was ordained 
 and installed 1 )e- 
 
 cember 2, 1S75, ami resigned March 2.S, 1S77. The Rev. Frederick 
 B. Stivagc, 1). D., was then called, and installed as pastor July 2, 
 1S7S, and still remains as such. Photographs of this exceptionally 
 able galaxy of clergymen tidorn the wall of the Sunday schfiol room, 
 and a tablet to the memory of the Rev. John Forsyth, D. 1)., LL. D. 
 whose name has become ;i household word in this city, was unveiled 
 
 at the left of the pulpit, Feb- 
 ruary 10, I.3SS. 
 
 The new church edifice, 
 w'liere two towers rise from 
 onseerated ground, was 
 dedicated September 24, 
 1S72. It is a brick structure 
 in the form of the letter T, 
 of lii'thic architecture, from 
 phms by E. K. Shaw, of 
 Xewburgh. The auditorium 
 lias a seating capacity of one 
 lliiiusand. Thomas Shaw & 
 Stjns were the contractors 
 for the carpenter wrrrl^, and 
 Thomas Dobbin fur tlie ma- 
 son work. The total cost 
 iif construction was $60,000, 
 wliieli was paid, and a 
 'I'hanksgiving service held 
 I Ictober 26, 1S82, which was 
 tiddressed by the Rev. Wil- 
 hani ( )rniiston. 1 ). I )., then 
 rif the Collcgitite Refr.rmeil 
 Church. New Vnrk City, 
 who litid assisterl at the ded- 
 ication. Aliout onc-tliird of 
 the building, at the north end, is divided into a commodious lecture- 
 room, a very cheerful Sunday school roimi, a parlor, and pastor's 
 
 iHjf^ CHURCH. 
 
I ^6 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 study. This is the only real property owned liy the society, Iml tlie 
 writer has opportunity to know that it is only a matter <>( a lew \ears 
 until this ehureh will be endowed with I'aeililies for ,i;-realer uselul- 
 ness. 
 
 The otheial boards are composed of men of popularity in the eoiu- 
 munity, of irreproachable character, and devoted members ol the 
 church. The working- force of the church is large and energetic, and 
 actuated l)y rare unanimity ol' thought and purpose. The Sunday 
 school contains uearlv live humlred scholars, is admirably conducted 
 and always generously entertained at the holiday season. The school 
 educates two Indian children at a missionary station in Ihe \\est. 
 The Ladies' Missionary Society, a Society of Christian ICndeavor, ami 
 other active agencies are all doing a good work. Ten annual ollcr- 
 ings are taken for charitable, benevolent, philanthropic and religious 
 uses, and a fund accumulated, designated the Helen Lefferts Prime 
 Memorial Fund, the interest 
 
 on which is expended for the . — 
 
 purchase of libraries for sail- ^ 
 
 ors and seamen. 
 
 The directory for public 
 worship conforms to the 
 constitution and standards 
 of the Presbyterian Church, 
 with the single innovation 
 of responsive readings at the 
 morning service. Congre- 
 gational singing is conduct- 
 ed by a chorus choir, with 
 organ accompaniment. On 
 July lo, 1SS7, the semi-cen- 
 tennial of the organization 
 of the church was dul)- <jb- 
 served with appropriate ex- 
 ercises, and a memoriid ser- 
 mon by the pastor. 
 
 The pulpit of this church 
 has always been strictly Cal- 
 vinistie and never sensation- 
 al, avoiding political discus- 
 sion and the vexed questions 
 which burn in the columns 
 of the press. But in every 
 great National crisis affect- 
 ing the religious or temporal 
 interests of the country, the 
 lamp of religion has been 
 turned upon the affairs of 
 men, and the voice of its 
 puljiit, in admonition or cen- 
 sure, has been heard in no 
 uncertain sound. 
 
 The officers of the church 
 are as follows ; Elders — J. 
 J. S. iNIcCroskery, Alexander 
 Beattie, John L. Westcrvclt 
 and William E. ilapes; 
 Trustees — George Tamkin, 
 
 resided, and continued Ins theological studies under the Rev. Dr. 
 Chaliners, at Edinburgh, and also at (ilasgow, under the Rev. Dr. 
 Dick Having completed his theological studies under these two 
 distinguished men, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of 
 .Micrilcen, Scotland, in 1X13. 
 
 lie returned to his home in Ncwburgh the same year, and was 
 married to Anna H. Ilyer. wi<low of the Rev. Matthew L. Fullerton, 
 of Ilagerstown, Md. At the time of his death this union and compan- 
 i.niship had been happily continued for over fifty-three years. 
 
 In July, 1834, he was ordained by the Presbytery of New York, 
 and in December he accepted the pastorate of an Associate Reformed 
 congregation at Philadelphia, in which relation he remained until 
 
 i^Vi. 
 
 In the Fall of the following year he accepted a call to become the 
 the Union Associate Reformed Church of Newburgh, and 
 
 December 5 he was install- 
 
 pastor of 
 
 Ut;.Orj CHURCH Curncr .4 F 
 
 John Gait, Isaac C. Chapman, Charles G. Corie 
 William F. Martin, Alanson V. Weller, David Lawson and J' 
 MeCroskery. Deacons — David Lawson, O. JI. Cleveland, Alexander 
 Colden and Edward P. Corwin. 
 
 Elkanah K. Shaw, 
 ihn J. S. 
 
 REV. JOHN FORSYTH, D. D., LL. D., was born in Ncwburgh 
 December lo, i.-iio. He was the son of John Fors)'lli, a native of 
 Scotland, and one of the foremost citizens of Newburgh. After at- 
 tending the public and private schools here, Dr. Forsyth entered Rut- 
 gers College and graduated with honor in 1.S29. He subsequently 
 studied theology at Newburgh under the Rev. Dr. McCarrell, and at 
 a later period visited Scotland, where some of tlie kindred of his father 
 
 ed, the ceremony taking 
 place in the old Academy. 
 
 In this pastorate he re- 
 mained until 1848. He was 
 also Professor of Biblical 
 Literature in the theological 
 seminary. His life at this 
 period was very busy. Be- 
 sides the duties of a faithful 
 pastorate and those of the 
 professorship, his contribu- 
 tions of varied literary effort 
 were very large. His schol- 
 arship became widely noted 
 and distinguished, and this 
 fact, combined with his abil- 
 ity as an instructor in the 
 Newburgh Theological Sem- 
 inary, led to his appointment 
 as Professor of Latin and 
 History in the College of 
 New Jersey Princeton. 
 
 " His immediate prede- 
 cessi>r," says Prof. DufEeld, 
 of Princeton, "was James 
 A. Alexander. It was felt 
 that a man of more than or- 
 dinarv ability was needed to 
 fill such a vacancy. The 
 attention of the trustees was 
 attracted to Dr. Forsyth by 
 his reputation as a professor 
 at Newburgh, and his schol- 
 arly contributions to the 
 Princeton Review and other 
 religious magazines. Pre- 
 vious to his appointment his- 
 torv had not been one of the 
 regular studies in the cur- 
 
 vA and M"nt>;..mery i'.-pt-, riculuUl. In vicw of Dr. 
 
 Forsyth's proficiency in that 
 dc]->artmcnt, it was added to his professorship. For five years the 
 duties of the two important departments were discharged with 
 ability, lidclit)- and success. In 1S52 when he resigned his profes- 
 sorship to return to the seminary at Newburgh, his removal from 
 J'rinceton was regarded as a serious loss both to the college and the 
 community. In 1864 he was appointed lecturer on History, and for 
 seven years gave an interesting and profitable course of lectures to 
 the senior class. 
 
 " Successful as an instructor, his influence on the intellectual life 
 of the college during his connection with the institution was not con- 
 rine<l to the class room. He was a man of rare breadth of culture. 
 I'^ndowed with a vigorous intellect — developed and disciplined by 
 faith till study — he was distinguished not only for classical and bibli- 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 cal scholarship, but for proficiency in theology, philosophy and liter- 
 ature as well as in history. * •■• * Of the many distinguished 
 men who have been connected with Princeton, few were in literary 
 labors more abundant. Besides frequent contributions to other peri- 
 odicals, he contributed more than a score of valuable articles to the 
 PrincciO)i Review, and crowned his labors in connection with the 
 Rt-vu-u.' by a service for which he will be held in lasting remembrance 
 by loyal Princetonians — the preparation and publication in 1S69 of an 
 analytical index of the lirst four volumes and an exhaustive topical 
 index of the remaining forty vidumcs — a service requiring so much 
 time and labor that few men would h;ive had the courage to under- 
 take it, and no one could have performed it more successfully. 
 
 '■ His ability and varied attainments, combined with a genial dis- 
 position, courteous demeanor, manly character, and exemplary piety, 
 secured for him the respect and esteem both of his pupils and col- 
 leagues, and made his personal influence one of the important intel- 
 lectual and moral forces of the college. " 
 
 In i860 he accepted the Professorship of English Language and 
 Literature in Rutgers Cnllege and remained there three years. In 
 1S71 he was appointed Chaplain and Professor of Law and Ethics at 
 
 the United States 
 Military Academy 
 at West Point. He 
 .served till 1SS2, 
 when he was retir- 
 ed with the rank of 
 Colonel. 
 
 For nearly twen- 
 ty-four years he 
 was President of 
 the X e w b u r g h 
 Board of Educa- 
 tion, and from 1S5S 
 ^intil his retirement 
 in 1.377 he was the 
 President of the 
 Boaril. He was a 
 iJireetiir of the 
 Xewburgh Xati' m- 
 al Bank, and a 
 Trustee of the Sav- 
 ings Bank; for 
 nearly thirty years 
 he was Correspond- 
 ing Secretary of 
 the N e w b u r g h 
 Bible Society, a 
 member of the So- 
 ciety for the Pre- 
 vention of Cruelty to Animals, of the Society for Improving the Con- 
 dition of the Poor, and of several other organizations. 
 
 His writings were voluminous, and besides his articles in the Prince- 
 Ion Revie-w, Christian Magazine, Christian Intelligencer, Chris- 
 tian Instructor, Scottish Guardian (Glasgow), New Brunsiuick 
 Review and the Theological and Literary Review, the following 
 works are best known: Memoirs of Alexander Proudfit, 1). I)., the 
 Rev. "\V. Romaine, Thomas DeWitt, U. U., Joseph McCarrell, IJ. D., 
 and the Rev. R. Howard Wallace; " History of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church," " Pastor's Counsels to a Young Christian," " Sketch- 
 es of the Lives of the Early Governors of New York," "Additional 
 Notes to the Epistle of James in Henry's Commentary, London edi- 
 tion," contributions to Lang's Commentaries, etc., etc. 
 
 To use the words of another, "Dr. Forsyth was a great man, with 
 a grand body, a grand brain, and grand heart. He was a towering 
 personality. He belonged to a church and was loyal to his denomin- 
 ation, but he was too great to be limited to the bounds of one sect. 
 He was the patriarch and bishop of us all. For ages he will continue 
 to speak to this community. Though he is dead wc have the legacy 
 of his great and noble character, and shall be inspired and guided by 
 his holy example." 
 
 iJr. Forsyth died at his 
 October 17, i.S.Sf.. 
 
 home in Third Street, Sabbath evening 
 
 REV. ALEXANDER B JACK. 
 
 REV. ALEXANDER B. JACK, one of the famous pulpit orators 
 of this country, was identified for a number of years with the religious 
 and social life of Newburgh, and countless thousands love to recall 
 him. This man was born at iJuiibar, in the east of Scotland, June 
 13, 1S36, and was the third in a line of noted Presbyterian divines. 
 He received his classical education in the best institutions of learning 
 in his native land, and came to America while yet a young man, and 
 studied theology at the Associate Reformed Seminary in this city. 
 His first charge was the Union Church, in which he was ordained and 
 installed on June 25, 1S57. He achieved distinction in the ministry, 
 and his reputation spread far beyond his home. Wherever he went 
 he preached to overflowing houses, and great crowds were awed by 
 his power and electrified by his appeals. He was not an enthusiast, 
 l)ut eloquent; not a zealot, but a genius; and his sermons and lectures, 
 always bold and striking in composition, were profusely illustrated 
 with beautiful word-pictures. 
 
 Mr. Jack was an awkward man, self-ffirgetful, regardless (if his 
 personal appear- 
 ance, and attracted 
 much attention. He 
 was odd and eccen- 
 tric in manner, and 
 reminiscences o f 
 his peculiarities 
 and genius have 
 been handed down 
 from parent to 
 child. Such a con- 
 trast of body and 
 mind seems almost 
 impossible. A com- 
 position so rare as 
 his one does not 
 meet often in a 
 lifetime. But he 
 was held in the 
 highest esteem by 
 all of his fellow- 
 citizens, and the 
 c 1 c r g y rif every 
 sect were friendly 
 with him. He was 
 a jovial man, Avith 
 the sunniest of 
 temperaments, and 
 upon his removal 
 from Newburgh, in the year i.soq, all who had enjoyed an intimacy 
 with him felt that they had parted with an exceptional citizen and a 
 warm friend. He served two Presbyterian congregations in the State 
 of Pennsylvania — at Danville and Hazleton — with acceptability rare 
 in any community. At the age of fifty he lay down to die, at Hazle- 
 ton, Luzerne County, on May 21, i,S,Sf). 
 
 REV. FREDERICK B. SAVAGE, D. D., the present pastor of 
 Union Church, was born in Montreal, Canada, April 30, 1844. He 
 was graduated at PhiUips' Andover Academy in i.Sdi, and at Williams 
 College in 1865. He then studied theology two years in Union Theo- 
 logical .Seminary. After spending a year and a hall' abr(.)ad, lie re- 
 turned and resumed the study of theology with the Rev. Joseph T. 
 Duryea, D. D., at that time pastor of the Classon Avenue Church in 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 Dr. Savage was licensed to preach at Lanesboro, Minn., January 
 ft, 1872, and was ordained at the same place, June 12, 1872. The fol- 
 lowing year he became pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Coop- 
 erstown, N. Y., and served two years. In January, 1878, he was 
 called to the pastorate of Union Church in Xewlnirgh. His honorary 
 degree was bestowed by LTnion College. 
 
^^s 
 
 NEW BURGH 
 
 SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This congregation was organized m 1S4S, ami its first meeting- 
 liouse was in Liberty Street, on properl)- n.iw (.wneil l.y St. Patrick's 
 Church. The Rev. William Jackson, from New Hedfonl, Mass., was 
 the first pastor. He ser\-eil two years, and 
 was succeeded by the Rc\\ E. Hawkins, of 
 Newburgh, f(.rmerly of Kiehmond, \'a., who 
 labored hard t.> buil.l up ilie diurcli and 
 o\-ercame many obstacles. In the hope of 
 bringing about a reconciliation between fac- 
 tions in the church, he resigned the charge, 
 and was succeeded by the Rev. Peter Ran- 
 dolph, of Chelsea, JIass. , whose stay was 
 less than twelve months. He was succeed- 
 ed by the Rev. Jlr. Sampson (white), who 
 ministered to the people for a short period, 
 and then the Rev. E. Hawkins was recalled 
 to the pastorate. 
 
 Trouble arose again, some of the mem- 
 bers being in favor of calling the Rev. Rich- 
 ard Perry, <.f Plainfield. X. ]. A sjilit 
 occtrrred, and the adherents cf :\lr. Perry 
 left the church and w<.rshiped under his 
 ministration nn Hmadwav near Dubois 
 Street, but after a few months thev repented 
 and returned to the old bodv. But before 
 this time the mortgage on the church prop- 
 erty in Lil)erty Street was foreclosed 
 and the property sold. The present house of worship, in Wil- 
 liam Street, was built in 1.S71. In the following year there was a 
 notable revival, and a great \\ork was done by the Rev. J. H. Gaines, 
 who assisted Pastor Hawkins. The Newburgh church estabUshed a 
 mission in Pough- 
 keepsie, which 
 flourish ed for a 
 time and then died. 
 A few years later 
 trouble came to the 
 church in William 
 Street, then under 
 the ministration of 
 Henry Duers, a 
 young licentiate, of 
 Yonkers, X. Y., 
 which ended in a 
 split; and spiritual 
 interest waned. A 
 mortgage of §1,100 
 was foreclosed anfl 
 the church was sold 
 at public auction, 
 but the congrega- 
 tion still continued 
 to worship there. 
 September 15, 1.S.S5, 
 the present pastor, 
 the Rev. H. T. 
 [ohnson, from 
 Washington, IJ.C, 
 was installed. He 
 is a graduate of the 
 theological branch 
 of Howard Uni- 
 versity. He began 
 his work under 
 manv discourage- 
 ments. Through the kindness of citizens the sum of $500 was 
 raised, and a first payment upon the church property was made, 
 and the deed is once more in the possession of the congregation. 
 
 In iSS() the church, which had been a member of the Southern 
 New York Baptist Association, united with the Hudson River Central 
 llaptist Association. The present officers are the Rev. H. T. John- 
 son, Pastor; William Hawkins, J. C. Jackson, L. F. Johnson, Lewis 
 Townsend, 1. H. Roberts, Deacons; William Hawkins, L. F. John- 
 son, T^ewis Townsend, Joseph Stewart and 
 |. II. R(jberts, Trustees. 
 
 SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH— William St near Washington 
 
 Sr JOHN'S M E CHURCH— Co 
 
 ST. JOHN'S METHODIST EPISCO- 
 PAL CHURCH, 
 
 Located on Broadway, corner of High St., 
 was formally organized May 23, 1852, main- 
 ly through the instrumentality of Joseph 
 Longking, Henry Cornell, and James Mar- 
 tin. In issr these gentlemen proposed to 
 the trustees of the First, now Trinity, 
 Church that that body should hire, for the 
 use of a new Jlethodist society, the build- 
 ing formerly occupied by the Second Pres- 
 byterian Church — the applicants agreeing to 
 pay the interest on the debt then existing 
 on the building for that year. This propo- 
 sition was not accepted by the First Church. 
 After further consideration, and with the 
 approval of the presiding elder of the dis- 
 trict, and of the Rev. A. JI. Osbon, the 
 jjastor of the First Church, Mr. Longking, 
 and his associates determined to prosecute the enterprise; and in 
 compliance with their request the presiding elder appointed the Rev. 
 Aaron F. Palmer, a local deacon, preacher in charge until the ensuing 
 session of the New York Conference. The society was organized at 
 
 the residence of 
 Mr. Cornell, at 
 which time certifi- 
 cates of member- 
 ship were received 
 from seven persons 
 all of them from 
 New York City. 
 The originators 
 of this movement 
 had been strongly 
 advised by Bishop 
 Janes, on their de- 
 cision to come to 
 Newburgh. to at- 
 tempt the organi- 
 zation of a second 
 Methodist Church. 
 Previous to this 
 time arrangements 
 had been made for 
 the use of the Sec- 
 ond Presbyterian 
 C h urcli edifice, 
 and, on the (jth of 
 June following, 
 Henry Cornell, 
 James Martin, John 
 II. Waters, Nelson 
 Austin and Joseph 
 Longking were 
 unanimously elect- 
 ed trustees, and the 
 articles of corpora- 
 building which had been rented for the 
 its organization was purchased bv its 
 for $5,000, and at about the same time 
 
 ner of Brn.Trlw.-iy and High Street. 
 
 tion were formed. The 
 society at the time of 
 trustees in .March, 1S53, 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 139 
 
 arrangements were made for erecting a parsonage and also a lecture 
 room. These latter buildings were completed in September, 1853. 
 The church edifice was dedicated on the 13th of June, 1S53, and on 
 the 25th of that month the society had a membership of 12.) persons, 
 nearly all of whom had been pre\-iouslv connected with the First 
 Church. 
 
 In the Spring of 1S74 the church was partially destroyed by fire, 
 but was immediately rebuilt and greatly improved. Two yt-ars later, 
 as the result of perhaps the greatest revival ever known in the city, 
 the congregation and membership were so greatly increased as to 
 necessitate an enlargement of the building. From that time it bus re- 
 mained as it is to-day, probably the largest church as to its seating 
 capacity in Xewburgh. 
 
 As an organization it has been exceedingly active and aggressive 
 from its origin. Each year it has been visited with revivals, in some 
 instances the number of converts reaching into the hundreds. Its 
 present membership is, exclusive of probationers, over seven hundred, 
 which makes it one of the largest churches, numerically, in the New 
 York Conference. It is exceeded in respect to its numbers by only two 
 others. 
 
 Following is the list of its pastors: 1.352-53, Rufus C. Putney; 1S54 
 -55, L. "\V. Walsworth; 1S56-57, I>. Buck; 7858-59, E. L. Prentice; 
 1S60-61, J. P. Hermance; 1S62-63, C. S. Brown; iS64-(i5, T. B. Smith; 
 1866, G. H. Gregory; 1867-6S, D. Lull; 1S69-70, H. R. Birkins; 1S71 
 -72, AY. E. Clarke; 1S73-74, G. H. Corey; 1S75-77, L. 11. King; 1S7S- 
 80, F. HamUn; i.?.Si-,32, A. McLean; 1883, B. H. Burch; i8S4-S(., 
 C. R. Xorth; i3S7-S5 G. H. Gregory; 1889-91, E. S. (")sbon. 
 
 Its present Board of Trustees is as follows; President — Y'illiam 
 H. Shannon; Secretary — George Y'. Fenton; Treasurer — John JI. 
 Y'ilson; Y'llliam S. AYands, George C. Perkins, Lewis Yernol, E. 
 Garrison, Edmund Sanxay and Ira Caldwell. 
 
 Its Stewards are the following: Theodore AYestlakc, Yalcntine 
 Lambert, Y'lUiam S. AVands, Isaac AY. AA'hited, Nathaniel Drew, 
 Aaron Terwilliger, Emory Fowler, AV. T. Coleman, James H. Crook, 
 jr., Y'alton Y'estlake and Henry C. Poyer. 
 
 Sunday school Superintendent — James R. AA'hite. 
 
 REV. ELIAS SILLICK OSBON. D. D.. was born in Middlebury. 
 
 A'ermont. His father was the late Rev. A. 'SI. Osbon, D. D., widely 
 known in this vicinity, twice as a pastor in Newburgh and twice as 
 the Presiding Elder of the Newburgh District of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church. His mother was the daughter of the Rev. Bradley Sil- 
 Uck, also a well known clergyman of his day. Two uncles were Jleth- 
 odist ministers. The different branches of the family have contrib- 
 uted more than two hundred years of effective service in the ministry 
 of that denomination. 
 
 His education was commenced in the public schools of New York 
 City. During his father's pastorate of the church in Second Street, 
 in this city, he was a scholar in the Newburgh Academy and in the 
 private school presided over by the Rev. Mr. Connelly. For two years 
 he pursued his studies at the New York Conference Seminary, at 
 Charlotteville, Schoharie County, then one of the largest and most 
 famous schools in the country, and would have entered college but 
 because of his youth he was forbidden, by college regulations, to carry 
 out his purpose. Turning his attention to business he accepted a .sit- 
 uation m a retail dry goods establishment. Always fond of the sea 
 he became, at this time, enamored of the life of a sailor. Sailing from 
 New York in an American clipper ship he spent eighteen months on 
 the ocean, visiting varir.us points in Europe, Asia and Africa. On 
 his return he again engaged in business, entering a large importing 
 house, first as an assistant to the confidential clerk, and on the retire- 
 ment of the latter being promoted to that responsible position. 
 
 During an extensive revival in his father's church in Eighty-Sixth 
 Street, New York, he was converted, joined the church and decided 
 to enter the ministry. In 1858 his studies were resumed at the Hud- 
 son River Institute, at Claverack, and in the following Autumn he 
 was admitted to the Troy University. The class of which he was a 
 member did not graduate owing to the failure of the institution. ^ He 
 afterwards pursued the prescribed course and graduated at the Syra- 
 
 cuse University. In 1885 the LTpper Iowa University honored him 
 with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. His life has been spent in the 
 ministry in the following places: Eddyville, Hillside and Riverside, 
 Milton, Goshen, EUenville, Peekskill, and Greene Street, New York. 
 In 1S75 he became Presiding Elder of the EUenville District, and is 
 said to have been, up to that period, the youngest man ever appointed 
 to that (jffice in his conference. Returning to the pastorate he has 
 since served the following churches : Bedford Street, New York; 
 Middleti>wn, -St. James of Kingston, Poughkeepsie and AVest Harlem, 
 now known as Calvary, New York. In the Spring of i88g he was 
 stationed in his present charge, St. John's, in this city. 
 
 A powerful pulpit orator. Dr. Osbon's aid is fiften obtained by his 
 ministerial brethren for special services, as at the dedication of 
 churches, and in preaching and raising money for the Hquidation of 
 church debts. He has also been extensively enga.ged in lecturin.g, 
 without having 
 sought engage- 
 ments in that field, 
 and he has won 
 great appreciation 
 from the general 
 public. Dr. Osbon 
 has seen a great 
 de:il of the world 
 he lives in; he has 
 crossed the Atlan- 
 tic twelve times, 
 and besides the 
 voyages to Asia 
 and Africa in his 
 youth he has visit- 
 ed almost ever)- 
 country in Europe 
 from the Mediter- 
 ranean to the North 
 Cape. 
 
 Dr. Osbon has 
 been twice married, 
 first to Miss Sade 
 J. Philps, a teacher 
 in the State Normal 
 School of New Jer- 
 sey. The fruit of 
 this marriage was 
 
 two children, one, a son, dying in infanc)', the other, a daughter, 
 Nellie, who died but a few days before her mother, as the result of 
 an epidemic raging in Kingston in the winter of 1885. Second, to 
 Jlrs. Hattie Curtiss, of New York. 
 
 AVESTMINSTER REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 On November 12, 1854, a second congregation of the Reformed 
 Presbyterian Church, composed of thirty-three members, was organ- 
 ized and is now known as the AVestminster Church. The first officers 
 were AVilliam Thompson, James Frazer and AA''illiam Johnston, elders; 
 [iihn Lawsoii and James Hilton, deacons. The public services of 
 the church were first held in the court house. The church building 
 was completed in November, 1S55, and dedicated on the 25th day of 
 that month. The morning service was conducted by Rev. Dr. James 
 Christie, of New York, who delivered an able lecture on the 12th 
 chapter of Isaiah. In the afternoon the discourse was by the Rev. J. 
 R. Thompson from Genesis xxviii : 17; the evening service was con- 
 ducted by Dr. Christie. 
 
 In 1872 the edifice was enlargeil and now will accommodate about 
 six hundred persons. In the basement is a commodious lecture room 
 which is used by the Sabbath school, and for prayer meetings and 
 church meetings. 
 
 After accepting a call from this congregation, the Rev. J. R. 
 Thompson was cjrdained and installc<l pastor on December 12, 1S55, 
 
 REV. E. S, OSBON, D, D. 
 
140 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 and still continues in that relation, beniR the senior pastor of thu 
 city. From its org'anization the conKrei;ation has ha<l a continuous 
 growth; and thciv have brcn nii several nceasinns cviilciucs ,.( 
 marked spiritual interest, anil s])ccial niaiilfeslations of a revival "1 
 religion. Twice in its liistery tliirt)' niemliers were added at ei.ni- 
 munion and on (.ne occasion over llfty persons were received into 
 the fellowship of tlie church. Not one eoinnninion season in its liis- 
 tory has passed without an increase in its niend)ers]ii|). Since its or- 
 ganization over 700 persons ]ia\-e been nicnibcrs of tin- enngrcgalion. 
 Its present membership is ;,oo, witli nuui>- attendants besides. Tliere 
 is a large ami thriving Salibatli schooP imder the control of tlic Ses- 
 sion of the congregation. Tliis congrcgaticjn has stood in the front 
 rank in all reformatory nn.vements. From its pulpit has sounded ftjrth 
 not only the Gospel trumpet, but also fearless pn )tests against all social 
 evils, with earnest pleas for the legal prohibition of the liquor traffic, 
 for Sabbath observance, and for Bible principles as the basis of con- 
 stitutional and statute law in the nation. As a part of the old historic 
 Covenanter Church it occupies the place of a reformatory congrega- 
 tion, where all social reforms will find a home and an uncompromising 
 advocate. In 1S91 a mission was established on Broadway. The 
 present boards of officers are as follows: Elders— Andrew Little, R. 
 M. McAllister. W. Thompson, J. C. Sloat, Isaac Cochran, William 
 Lynn and Hugh Robinson; Deacons— Adam Patton, W. C. Johnston, 
 John W. Magee, WUham Tweed, Thomas W. Cavey. John" McNeal, 
 James Boyd, 'Wdliam Hamilton, George B. Carver. The deceased 
 officers are William Thompson, sr. , William Johnston, Francis Wilson, 
 James Frazer, sr. and John Frazer, Elders; and John Lawson and 
 James Hilton, Deacons. 
 
 1 hiring his long pastorate, the longest now in the city, he has made 
 the salvation of men the chief aim of his ministry, and at the same 
 time in his pulpit has claimed the right of free speech on the great 
 moral questions of the age. In the days of slavery his voice was 
 
 REV. J. R. THOMPSON, the son of l-;idcr William Thompson, 
 was l5orn in Newburgh, prepared for college in the old Newburgh 
 Academy, and graduated from the Kew York University in 1847. 
 After studying theology for four years in the Reformed Presbyterian 
 
 WESTMIIJSILR REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 11.,. Icj Grand Street 
 
 Seminary in Cmcinnati, and afterwards in Kortliwood, ( ihi,,, lie was 
 licensed to preach the gospel April i(j, 1,852. 
 
 Having spent more than a year in Europe, he returned and was 
 called as pastor of the Westminster Church in Newburgh, N. Y., 
 Decemberiy, 1S56, where he still continues in that relaticjn. On June i 
 .1S5S, he was married to Miss Mary Frances Lawson, only daughtei' 
 of the late John Lawson. 
 
 REV. J. R. THOMPSON 
 
 always heard in favor of the oppressed, and now in the second great 
 reform, the overthrow ..t the liquor ohgarchy and the promotion of 
 the cause of temperance, he occupies an advanced position. 
 
 CALVARY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 Calvary Presbyterian Church was organized September i, 1S56, by 
 the ■■Committee of Church E.xtension of the Presbytery of North 
 River." Forty-live persons presented letters of dismission from the 
 First Presbyterian Church. William G. Gillespie and T"hn Mc- 
 Clelland were unanimously elected ruling elders. On the i;th day 
 of the same month a call was made for tlie past.iral services of the 
 licentiate, S. Hildeburn .McMuUin. Tlic call was accepted, and he was 
 ordained to the work of the ministry an,l installed as the first pastor 
 ol Calvarv Cliurch, October lO, ,850. The ordination services were 
 licld 111 the Court House, an. 1 were cnductcd bv the Rev. E. K. 
 I'.ower, Moderator of tlie Presbytery. 
 
 The first meeting of the Session was held October 17, at the 
 
 residence of Mrs. Catharine SIv, on High Street. On October -o 
 
 Moses Upright, William K. .Mailler, Walter II. (brrham Wessel S 
 
 C.eranl, Peter Wanl and Charles Johnston were elccte.l as the first 
 
 P.oardof Trustees. At the first communion, which was celebrated 
 
 "11 Sabbath, November 2, the membership had increased to eightv- 
 t\\(i. ' - 
 
 Steps were at once taken t.nvard the erection of a Inmse of wor- 
 ship. I .unng the Winter of ,856^57 a sulVicienl sum was subscribed to 
 .instify the trustees in purchasing a site, a,„l thev secured the plot 
 1-unded 01, the east by Libcrtv Street, on the north bv Farrin-don 
 Street, on the west by Chambers Street, and on the south by'the 
 property now owned and ..ecupied by Trinity M. E. Church the 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 141 
 
 price paid being §4,000. A plan for tlif cluircli ediliuu, drawn 
 by Gerard & Boyd, was adopted, and the contract for its erec- 
 tion was awarded to John Little. Architect Withers was appointed 
 to superintend the work in conjunction with a buildini;- committee 
 
 CAL/ARr- PRESBYTERIAW CHURCH AtJD MANSE Cu 
 
 uf Liberty ai,d Farringt, 
 
 consisting of Trustees Mailler, Gorham and Ward. Ground was 
 broken in April, 1S57. On the gth day of July following, the corner- 
 stone was laid, on which occasion, in addition to the service of praise 
 under the leadership of the ch<iir, prayer was offered by the Rev. 
 ilalcolm X. McLaren, D. D., of the Reformed Dutch Church; the 
 Rev. Joseph McCarrell, D. D., of the Associate Reformed Church, 
 read the scripture lesson, and Charles Johnston, on behalf of the 
 board of trustees, read a statement in reference to the organization 
 and progress of the church. In the absence of the pastor on account 
 of illness, the Rev John Forsyth, 1). 1)., of Union Church, after s<jme 
 appropriate remarks, laid the corner-stone, after which addresses were 
 deUvered by the Rev. Alexander R. Thompson, of Staten Island, 
 and the Rev. J. M. Crowell, of Philadelphia, and the benediction was 
 pronounced by the Rev. Dr. Forsyth. 
 
 The edifice was dedicated on the 24th day of February, A. D., 
 1858, by the Rev. Nicholas Hurray, D. D., of Elizabeth, X. J., who 
 preached from I Kings vi: 4 and viii: 16. The Rev. "William T. Sprole, 
 D. D., Joseph McCarrell, D. D., and the pastor took part in the ser- 
 vices. The cost of the church building and its furniture was about 
 817,000. All the services, previous to the dedication, had been held 
 in the Court House. 
 
 In April, i860, Rev. Mr. McMullin resigned the pastorate. He 
 was succeeded by the Rev. Judson H, Hopkins, who was ordained 
 to the ministry and installed as the second pastor December i^, 1S60. 
 
 After a service of three years Mr. Hopkins resigned. A long va- 
 cancy ensued, the pulpit being occupied by a number of supplies, one 
 of whom, the Rev. C. M. Wines, preached for three months and re- 
 ceived a call to the pastorate, which he declined. This was a period 
 of great trial and discouragement, and the fear entered many hearts 
 that the church could not be continued. 
 
 At length they were united in calling the Rev. George ,S. P-ishop, 
 who accepted, and was installed in April, 1866. Mr. Bishop's minis- 
 try was a very successful one, during which the membership of the 
 church was stimulated to fresh activity, many souls converted, and 
 new life communicated to every department of Church work. Dur- 
 ing his pastorate a convenient manse was erected north of the church 
 
 building, and over two-thirds of the amount raised to procure the pipe 
 
 organ which is now in use. 
 
 In the Autumn of 1A-J2 Jlr. ISishop resigned the pastorate and ac- 
 cepted a call 111 I )range, X. J., and was succeeded liy tiie present pas- 
 tor, the Rev. Jeremiah .Searle, April i, 1873. 
 
 Mr. .Scarle was installed May 6, 1S73. At the in- 
 stallation Services the Rev. AVendcll Prime presided, 
 the Rev. William K. Hall olTered the prayer of in- 
 stallation, the Rev. (leorge S. Bishop preached the 
 sermon, the Rev. .S. II. Jagger delivered the charge 
 to the pastor and the Rev. Edward D. Ledyard the 
 charge to the people. During this pastorate, which 
 still continues, the church has been blessed in many 
 icspects in a remarkable degree. At its beginning- 
 there was resting upon tlie church and manse a 
 mortgage debt of $13,500, This was reduced from 
 lime to time by special efforts and by the application 
 of surplus revenue, luitil on the ist of April, iSSi, the 
 entire debt was about §g,ooo. The great success 
 which had attended similar efforts in neighboring 
 churches prompted and encouraged the officers of the 
 church to make an appeal to the congregation for 
 that amount. The Rev. F. B. Savage, D. D., of 
 Union Churcli, rendered valuable aid in the matter, 
 and (jn Sabbath, ^Vpril 10, iSSi, the people responded 
 noblv to the appeal; and on that day and a few days 
 following pledges were received to the amount of 
 89,625, almost all of which pledges were fully re- 
 deemed; and the burden of debt wdiich had so long- 
 hindered and impeded the church in its work was 
 completely removed. 
 
 In 1SS9 the church was supplied \\ith new j^ews 
 and carpets, and the electric light was introduced. 
 
 The annual contributions of the church average 
 Up to September i, iSSi, when the c|uarter-centennial 
 
 of the church was celebrated, there had been eur(jlled as communi- 
 cants 496, of whom 
 
 86 had died and 
 
 172 had been dis- 
 missed to other 
 
 cliurchcs, leaving 
 
 at that time 23S 
 
 names on the roll. 
 
 The membership 
 
 has increased to 
 
 about 320 in i8gi. 
 
 The present of- 
 ficers of the church 
 
 arc as follows: Ses- 
 
 sicm — the Rev. J. 
 
 Searle, pastor; Rul- 
 ing Elders — Hugh 
 
 S. Banks, John 
 
 Dales, Charles L. 
 
 Chatterton, Charles 
 
 J. Howell, William 
 
 C. Kimball, Ji.lin 
 
 .McDougall, Hugh 
 
 M c Kissock , Samue 1 
 
 \V. Scofield and 
 
 Augustus .Senior. 
 
 I ieacons — Andrew 
 
 Barnes, Thomas J. 
 
 Jamison, Frank H. 
 
 Ketcham, George 
 
 (r. Peck and Chas. 
 
 E. Petty. Trustees- 
 
 about 85,500. 
 
 r^ 
 
 „^#'. 
 
 
 REV. JEREMIAH SEARLE 
 
 -Charles J. Howell, Thonuis J. Jan-iison, Charles 
 L. Chatterton, John Dales, Augustus Senior and James M. Crane. 
 Church Clerk and Treasurer— John Dales; Treasurer of Benevolent 
 Funds— George G. Peck; Sunday School Supt.— Augustus Senior. 
 
142 
 
 NEWBUHGH 
 
 REV. JEREMIAH SEARLE was b..rn at C.ixsackiu, X. V., July 
 13, 1S36, tlie sixth chilli and thivd son of the Ruv. Jeremiah and Mary 
 Tumb Searle, He reeeived his iiveparatoi y trainini;- at Crixsaekie 
 Aeademy and afterward In- iirivate study, was i;-raduated fmni Rnt- 
 
 FIRST UNITED PRESBYTERiAK 
 
 ...t MLintgumery and Fuurth btreets 
 
 gers College, New Brunswick, X. J., 1S56, and frcim the Theological 
 Seminary of the Reformed (Dutch) Church in the same city, Jlay, 
 1S5S, and the same 3rionth was licensed to preach the gos])cl bv the 
 Classis f)f Monmouth. He received the degree of M. A. from Rut- 
 l^ers College June, 1S5S. 
 
 Mr. Searle was married August iS, 185S. to Margarctla I". Coii- 
 over, of New Brunswick, N. J. Having in June of that year accei^ted 
 a call from the Reformed Church of Bloomingburgh, 
 he was ordained to the ministry and installed pastor 
 of that church September 21, 1S58. In 1S62 he was 
 for several months chaplain of the 143d Regiment, 
 X. Y. S. ^'olunteers, then stationed on the defenses 
 of Washington, at Upton Hill, A'a. Subsequently 
 pastorates were filled at Ovstcr 15a\-. L. 1., S\'raeuse, 
 Alban\' and Peekskill. 
 
 April I. 1S73, he began his ministry in Calvary 
 Presbyterian Church of Newburgh, and under his 
 ministration the chmxh has greatly prospered. 
 
 FIRST UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 This cf>ngregation Avas organized I December d, 
 1S59. During the preceding year the I'nited Presby- 
 terian Church of Xf)rth America had been founded b)- 
 the union of the "Associate" ^ind the "Associate 
 Reformed" branches of the Presljyterian Churcli. 
 There were at that time two congregations of the As- 
 sociate Reformed Church in Newburgh, both of which 
 declined going into the United Church. .A few of the 
 members, however, had earnesth' ad\-ocated the 
 cause of union because they believed that denomina- 
 tions so thoroughly one in doctrine and worship 
 ought to be one in ecclesiastical or.ganization. Be- 
 ing in hearty accord with the principles of the United 
 Presbyterian Church as set forth in the " Basis of 
 Union," they felt it tlieir duty to enter into the fel- 
 lowship of that church by establishing a United Presbyterian con- 
 gregatifjii in Xewbiugh, and took steps .'iccordingl)-. 
 
 They held their first meeting foi- public worship October ij, 1S51J, 
 the Rev. John Service giving them a day's preaching. On the next 
 Sabbath (October 16, 1859) the Rev. Peter Bullion, D. D., |)reachcd 
 and organized the Sabbath school. When the United Presbyterian 
 
 Presbytery of New York held its first meeting, November 9, 1859, a 
 petition was received fnmi this people asking to be organized into a 
 congregaticm. The request was granted, and on the 6th day of De- 
 cember. 1S51), the Riv. Alexander MeWilliams preached by the ap- 
 ])oiiitmeiit of Presbytery and the organization was duly effect- 
 ed. 'I'he elders chosen were (;eorge Gearn. Oeorge Lendrum, 
 John Oeddes, sr., and Matthew Stephenson, M. D. The fol- 
 lowing trustees were appointed: Andrew Johnson, Benjamin 
 \V. Chambers, Thomas M. McCann, James S. Strachan. Robert 
 Hyndmaii, Oeorge Lendrum, (leorge Gearn, John Geddes, sr. . 
 and John Brown. 
 
 The use iii the church ediliee on the corner of Montgomery 
 ami I'ourth Streets, in which the congregation still worships, 
 was secured at an early date, and was purchased from the 
 trustees of the First Baptist Church on the loth of January, 
 I SI 10, for the sum of 84,000. 
 
 The first settled pastor was the Rev. Robert Armstrong, 
 1 1. D., who, having accepted their call, commenced preaching 
 on the third Sabbath of February, 1861, and was installed pas- 
 tor of the congregation on the 12th day of March, following. 
 I le continued to preach and labor in this field about seven and 
 a half years with large success in building up the church, the 
 congregation being self-sustained from the beginning. Mr. 
 Armstrong tendered his resignation, and on the 21st of Octo- 
 ber, iSCi.s, was by the Presbytery released from the pastoral 
 charge, at once accepting a call to the congregation of Hobo- 
 ken in the same Presbytery. 
 In the following year, on the 22nd of June, a call was made 
 the present pastor, the Rev. J. (j, D. Findley. He com- 
 menced preaching regularly on the second Sabbath of August, and 
 was ordained and installed as pastor on the 14th of October, 1S69. 
 
 This congregation has enjoyed a steady growth from the begin- 
 ning. There has never been a communion season without some ac- 
 cessions to its membership. At the organization, thirty vears ago, 36 
 
 iUt 
 
 RESIDENCE OF G. 
 Nn. 50 Dubni 
 
 H, SHELDON, 
 ; S\rr.p). 
 
 RESIDENCE OF REV. J. G. D. FINDLEY, 
 No. 48 Dubois Street 
 
 luembers were enrolled, of wliom eleven are still members. When 
 the first ]iastor took charge, there were sr, members in the congrega- 
 ion. At the ordination of the present jiastor, l3(> was the number 
 reported, and at the lime of making up the last annual statistics the 
 mcmbcrshi]! resident in tlie city was counted at 230. In the 
 Summer of 1.S71 the church building was enlarged by an addi- 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 143 
 
 tion to the front at a cost of about eighteen hundred dollars. 
 Over a thousand dollars was expended in iSSi in paintmg and fres- 
 coing the main audience room and in furnishing it with a new pulpit 
 and with new cushions and carpet. The Sabbath school rooms were 
 also thoroughly renovated during the Spring of 1889, painted and kal- 
 somined, wainscoted in hard wood and furnished with new desk, 
 chairs and matting. These are among the most cheery and beautiful 
 Sabbath school rooms in the city. 
 
 The following are the present officers of the congregation: Pastor 
 and Moderator of Session — J. G. D. Findley; Elders — Andrew D. 
 Rea, Clerk of Session, Thomas il. McCann, Robert Hyndman, Rob- 
 ert Brown and James Todd; Board of Trustees — George Sutherland, 
 President; Samuel F. Campbell, Secretary; Robert Hyndman, Treas- 
 urer; James Crilly, Robert Brown, Thomas M. McCanu, Andrew D. 
 Rea, James Stewart and James Todd. 
 
 tery of New York. He was Stated Clerk of his Presbytery from 1871 
 to 1S83, and has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the 
 United Presbyterian Synod of New York, and also Secretary of the 
 Board since 1885. He was elected Moderator of the Synod and presi- 
 ded during its meeting at Asbury Park, N. J., in 1886, and has four 
 times been a delegate from his Presbytery to the General Assembly 
 of the church. 
 
 Mr. Findley was married September 3, 1874, to Miss Mary L., 
 daughter of John A. Gormly, of Bucyrus, Ohio. 
 
 REV. J. G. D. FINDLEY, 
 
 REV. J. G. D. FINDLEY is a native of western Pennsylvania, 
 son of the late Rev. "William Findley, D. D., and great-grandson of 
 Hon. William Findley, who for a number of years represented the 
 Westmoreland district in the national Congress. 
 
 His early years were spent in Butler County, where his father min- 
 istered to the congregations of Prospect and White Oak Springs. In 
 1S57 ^'^ entered Westminster College, at New Wilmington, Pa., and 
 graduated in June, 1S61. During that Fall and Winter he taught a 
 district school in Greene County, Ohio. In the Spring of 1S62 went 
 to Harrison\-ille, in Scioto County, and opened a select school. He 
 had just commenced the second term in August when President Lin- 
 coln's call for another three hundred thousand volunteers led him and 
 the larger boys to lay down their books and take up arms in the na- 
 tion's defense. 
 
 He enlisted at Camp Portsmouth in Company F, 91st Regiment, 
 Ohio Volunteers, August xi, 1862, and was appointed Sergeant Major 
 when the regiment was mustered in, August 22. He was promoted 
 
 to First Lieutenant 
 January 3, 18O4, 
 and appointed Ad- 
 jutant of the regi- 
 ment in the month 
 of March following. 
 Mr. Findley w a s 
 wounded at the 
 battle of Winches- 
 ter, Va. , Septem- 
 ber 19, 1864. He 
 was discharged at 
 the muster-out of 
 the regiment June 
 24, 1S65. This regi- 
 ment was attached 
 to the Army of 
 West Virginia and 
 took jjart in many 
 of the campaigns 
 of that mountain- 
 ous region, includ- 
 ing Hunter's Raid 
 on Staunton and 
 Lynchburgh, and 
 Sheridan's march- 
 es and battles in 
 the Valley of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 In Autumn of 1865 Mr. Findley graduated at the Iron City Com- 
 mercial College, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and entered the United Presby- 
 terian Theological Seminary in Allegheny. He completed the course 
 in this institution in the Spring of 1868, and in June of the following 
 year was called to the pastorate of the First United Presbyterian 
 congregation of this city. Took charge of the pulpit in August, and 
 on October 14, 1869, was ordained and installed by the First Presby- 
 
 CONGREGATION BETH JACOB. 
 
 This society was organized about i860. In iS64it obtained a burial 
 plot from the Big Rock Cemetery Association, and has maintained it 
 ever since. For many years the congregation worshipped in the 
 Townsend Building, while the number of those in full membership 
 was but seven. In i88g nineteen new members were received, and it 
 was resolved to erect a house of worship. In January, 1890, a lot in 
 
 TEMPLE BETH JACOB— 119 South Street. 
 
 South Street, between Grand and Liberty, was purchased. Plans 
 prepared by David H. Flansburgh were accepted, and the contract 
 for the construction was also awarded to Mr. Flansburgh. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid October 21, i8go. JIarcus Scharps, 
 President of the Congregation, presided. Collins' Band furnished 
 music. Addresses were delivered by Dr. Isaacs and Lewis Ash, of 
 New York City, and the Rev. R. H. Barr,. of Newburgh. The total 
 cost of the building and site was $15,000. The present Rabbi is A. N. 
 Coleman; President — JIarcus Scharps; Vice-President— M. Abrams; 
 Secretary— Robert Doblin; Treasurer — Wolf Samuels. The congre- 
 gation is composed of twenty-eight families. 
 
 The temple was dedicated Tuesday afternoon, September S, 1891, 
 with appropriate ceremonies conducted by Rev. A. N. Coleman, the 
 rabbi. Addresses were delivered by D. F. De Sola Mendes, of New 
 York; Rev. A. S. Isaacs, Ph. D., editor of the /i- -an /s/t Mcssenge}-, 
 of New York; Hon. M. H. Hirschberg, of Newburgh, and the Rev. 
 R. H. Barr, Ph. 1)., pastor of the First Associate Reformed Church, of 
 Newburgh. 
 
 ST. PAUL'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 The first definite acti(m having reference to the formation of a new 
 Episcopal parish in the village of Newburgh \v-as a meeting of all 
 interested in such an undertaking. May 29, i860, and a petition pre- 
 sented to the Rev. John Brown, D. D., asking his canonical consent 
 to the organization of a new parish, dated May 12, 1S60, signed by 
 David M. Clarkson, William E. Warren, and twenty-seven other 
 members of St. (George's Parish. Dr. Brown gave his consent May 
 
146 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 of their brethren in this city and elsewhere, sueceedcd each other not 
 too rapidly in its pulpit ministrations. 
 
 In the year 1S69, in consequence of large accessions, it became 
 necessary to consider the desirability <>f the congregation owning and 
 occupying a church building of their own. A meeting was called, a 
 
 CHURCH OF OUR FATHER— U NITARIAN— South Street Corner of Johnston Street. 
 
 committee chosen, consisting of William W. Carson as chairman, and 
 John fieron, George Lomas, Benjamin Dumville, George H. South- 
 ard, J. N. Dickey, George W. Peters and William Stocker, as an 
 advisory council to which W^arren Delano was after\s'ards added and 
 subsequently became President. After some 
 deliberation the present site was chosen by the 
 Board of Trustees, and approved by a majori- 
 ty of the congregation; William Hilton, of 
 this city, being the builder, George A. Har- 
 ney, of New York, the architect. The build- 
 ing was erected at a cost of $16,000. 
 
 On Sunday morning, July 17, 1870, the 
 church edifice was consecrated to the wor- 
 ship of one God, according to the teachings 
 of Jesus Chri.st. 
 
 The venerable and highly esteemed Rev. 
 F. W. Holland enjoyed a pastorate of eight 
 years. The present minister, the Rev. Hen- 
 ry H. Woude, of Boston, Mass., was called 
 and assumed the pastorate in 1SS7. The 
 church expenses are met by voluntary con- 
 tributions. The church polity is in accord 
 with the denominational and religious views 
 of the body to which it belongs, viz: all per- 
 srms who are desirous of co-operating with 
 the church in those privileges for which it 
 exists, /'. e., the worship of one God, under 
 the leadership of Jesus Christ, are welcom- 
 ed. But there is no test, the doors are open 
 to all. The building is commodious, not 
 without architectural beauties commensur- 
 ate with its size and situation. 
 
 chased for $20,000, and a temporary frame structure erected for 
 
 divine service. This building served its purpose until the increasing 
 
 population necessitated a larger edifice. 
 
 In October, 1879, Bishop Lynch, of Charleston, S. C, laid the 
 
 corner-stone of the present church, which was completed the follow- 
 ing year, when Cardinal McCloskey performed the dedication 
 ceremony and Bishop O'Farrell, of Trenton, N. J. , preached the 
 dedicatory sermon. In 1883 Father Phelan invited the Sisters^ 
 of St. Dominic to open an academy for young ladies to study 
 the higher branches of refined education, and the present 
 .\It. St. Mary's Academy was founded. 
 
 In 1884 the Rev. Michael J. Phelan was transferred to New 
 York City, and the Rev. John C. Henry appointed rector. 
 Father Henry immediately founded various societies in con- 
 nection with the church, among them the Holy Name Society, 
 Rosary Society, Children of Mary Society, St. Aloysius Boys' 
 Society, and Angels' Society. On September i, 1886, the rec- 
 tor opened St. Mary's Parochial School, under the direction 
 of four Sisters of St. Dominic. The large number of 250 pupils 
 was registered the first day. All the branches of a first-class 
 common-school education are taught, and all school supplies are 
 given free to the pupils. 
 
 The following are the names of the priests whfj have acted 
 as assistant rectors of St. Mary's Church down to the present 
 time: Rev. James Westerman, 1876; Rev. William Ward, 1877; 
 Rev. Patrick Connick, 1878; Rev. Felix Dixon, 1878-79; Rev. 
 Michael Lane, 1879-83; Rev. Henry Xavier, 1883-S4; Rev. 
 Patrick Fitzsimmons, 1885; Rev. John J. McGrath, 1884-89; 
 Rev. John J. Carr, 1886-87; Rev. Denis Coyle, 1SS7-S9; Rev. 
 John T. Power, iSSg-gor Rev. AVilham Butler, i88g-go; Rev. 
 
 John F. Quinn and Rev. Augustine Pellieux are the present assistants 
 
 to the rector, the Rev. John C. Henry. 
 
 The present Board of Trustees consists of Archbishop Corrigan, 
 
 A'icar-General Preston, the Rev. John C, Henry, John Adams and 
 
 ST, MARY'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH-South Street near Johnston Street, 
 
 ST. MARY'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 The Parish of St. Mary's was founded on March 19, 1875, and 
 Cardinal McCloskey appointed as its first rector the Rev. Michael J. 
 Phelan. This energetic priest immediately located the boundaries of 
 his district in the city, which comprised all nfirth of Third Street as 
 far as Balmville. The Wilson property, on South Street, was pur- 
 
 Arthur A. McLean. Some important improvements have taken place 
 m the church lately, among which may be mentioned steam-heat and 
 chapel for week-day services. The parochial school is also comfort- 
 ably heated by steam. 
 
 «.v>»», 
 
 REV. J. C. HENRY, rector of St. Mary's Church, was born in 
 New Orleans, La. , in 1S40. His father, John Henry, was from County 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 ^M 
 
 Londonderry, and his mother, Sarah Dnrrian, was a native nf County 
 Down, Ireland. During the yellow fever plague of 1S53 the family 
 came to New York, 
 
 In 1S60 he entered Niagara University at Niagara Falls, and, 
 having graduated with high honors in 1S66, began the study of the- 
 ology at St. Joseph's Provineial Seminary, Troy, N. Y. On May 22, 
 1S69, he was ordained priest by the late Cardinal McCloskey, and his 
 lirst appointment was as assistant t.> the Rev. Dr. McHlvnn at St. 
 
 ..^^gs^sy^. 
 
 s 
 
 >f-/C-Cc 
 
 REV- JOHN C. HENRY, 
 
 Stephen's Church, New York, where he remained twcj years. He 
 was then transferred to St. Andrew's Church, Duane Street, where 
 he labored three j-ears. In 1.S76 he was appointed to the rectorship 
 of St. Francis' Church, Mt. Kisco, "Westchester County, where he 
 remained a year, during which he built a church at Pleasantville. In 
 1877 he became pastor of St. Joachim's Church at Matteawan, Dutch- 
 ess Count)', where he introduced the Sisters of Charity, founded a 
 parochial school, enlarged the church and rectory, and paid off con- 
 siderable debt. 
 
 In 1884 Cardinal McCloskey asked him to take charge of a city 
 parish, but his health at the time was so shaken by repeated attacks 
 of chills and fever that he begged to be excused from the responsibil- 
 ity. He was accordingly assigned to the city of Newburgh, where 
 he has enjoyed vigorous health, and labored ever since. He has 
 founded a parochial school, improved the church property, reduced 
 the church debt, and in many ways proved his executive ability, lie 
 has the confidence and respect of his people, and is greatly beloved 
 by the children of his parish. 
 
 CHURCH OF THE CORNER STONE-REFORMED 
 EPISCOPAL. 
 
 The Reformed Episcopal Church of the United States of America 
 was fully organized under the leadership of Bishop George David 
 Cummms, m the City of New York, on December 2, 1873. Some time 
 after this new church was established, two gentlemen, deeply sympa- 
 
 thizing in this movement, discussed the feasibility of starting a church 
 in Newburgh, to be connected with that of Hishop Cummins. (Jo 
 Wednesday, December ij, 1.S74, iive gentlemen met in the jjarlor of tlie 
 Newburgh Club, in the Savings Bank Building, and freely and fully 
 discussed the matter. These gentlemen were T. Hazard Roe, Daniel 
 T. Rogers and Walter C. Anthony, of Newburgh, and B. Franklin 
 Clark and William J. Rdc, jr., of New Windsor. Pledges were given 
 for themselves and two others for pecuniary aid. Suljsequent meet- 
 ings were held, and more names and more pledges were added. 
 Among them were Robert L. Case, James G. Graham, Dr. William 
 A. M. Culbert, J. Wilson Stratton and Dr. James G. Birch. 
 
 Upim their invitation Bishu]) Cummins came to Newburgh, and 
 iin Sunday, August S, 1.S75, licld services in the American Reformed 
 Church, loaned fi'r that purpose. The Bishop used the revised 
 prayer bnuk, and explained to large congregations the distinctive 
 principles of the Reformed Episcopal Church. The following even- 
 ing, August I), a large meeting was held in the basement of the same 
 churcli, at which the Bishoj) was present, and numbers added their 
 names as proposing to join in the movement. The chapel of the 
 Associate Reformed Church was obtained, and on Sunday, August 15, 
 the Rev. B. B. T^eaeock, D. 1)., conducted the worship morning and 
 evening. ( )n Sunday, August 22, the Rev. William P. Sabine direct- 
 ed the services and preached to large audiences. On Sunday, Sep- 
 tember 5, the Rev. Alason Gallagher read the service, and, together 
 with Dr. J. G. Birch, organized a Sunday school. 
 
 On the evening (if August 25, 1S75, a congregational meeting, of 
 winch due notice had been given, was held in the basement of the 
 American Reformed Church, and the organization was effected by 
 
 CHURCH OF THE CORNER STONE— REFORMED EPISCOPAL. 
 Snuth Street near Grand Street. 
 
 the election of Daniel T. Rogers and Walter C. Anthony as wardens; 
 James (i. Graham, J. Wilson Stratton, William J. Roe, jr. , George 
 Middleton, Robert L. Case and Edward Ilaigh, vestrymen; B. 
 i'ranklin Clark, secretary and treasurer. The corporate name of 
 " The Church of The Corner Stone" (suggested by WiUiam J. Roe) 
 was adopted, and application made to the Standing Committee of the 
 Reformed Episcopal Church to be admitted into membership with 
 the same. 
 
 The Rev. Benjamin B. Leacock, D. D., was called as pastor, 
 and the call was accepted by him November 2, 1S75. A lot of ground 
 was purchased in South Street, October 23, 1.S75: and willing hands 
 
14^ 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 made the exca\-ation for the cellar anrt foundation of a church edifice 
 as their donations to the same. The corner-stone was laid without 
 ceremonies, December 22, 1875, and the first service was held on 
 Easter Sunday, April 16, 1876. Hr. Leacock read the service, assisted 
 by the Rev. .Marshall B. Smith. 
 
 On April 22, 1S7S, Dr. Leacock resigned the pastorate, and the Rev 
 James Jl. Gray accepted a call October i, 187S, Mr. Gray resigned 
 the charge November iS, 1S79. The Rev. Dr. Leacock filled the va- 
 cancy until called as " minister in charge" April 3, 1S80. He associa- 
 ted with himself the Rev. J. W. Fairley as assistant. Leave of 
 absence was given to Dr. Leacock, on account of ill health, for two 
 years, and ho finally resigned the pastorate December 2, 1883. The 
 Rev. ilr. Fairley occupied the position as assistant minister until this 
 resignation. The Rev. James Otis Denniston acted as " minister in 
 charge " from June, 1SS4, until April 5, 1SS5, when the Rev. Richard 
 H. Bosworth accepted the call as pastor. Jlr. Bosworth resigned in 
 June, 1SS7, and the Rev. Arthur Potts became pastor October 16, 1SS7. 
 
 The present ves- 
 try, a Board of 
 Trustees, consists ^ 
 of T. Hazard Roe 
 and B. Franklin 
 Clark, Wardens; 
 and Walter C. An- 
 thony, William J. 
 Roe, Dr. James G. 
 Birch, James Stew- 
 art and James JI. 
 Wentz, Trustees. 
 
 The Sunday 
 school, established 
 during the first 
 month of the 
 church's history, 
 has never been in- 
 termitted, and is 
 now large and 
 fiourishing, under 
 the supervision of 
 Walter C. Anthony 
 the prospects of fu- 
 ture growth being 
 \'ery encouraging. 
 During the pas- 
 torate of the Rev. 
 Arthur Potts the 
 church has been 
 abundantly blessed. Not only has the membership and the 
 general attendance much increased, but there has been manifested a 
 great unanimity of feeling. Young people's associations of various 
 kinds have been inaugurated, and, under the fostering care of Mr. 
 Potts, seem to be doing a great and good work. The ladies have a 
 society for foreign and domestic missions connected with that of the 
 
 church at large. 
 
 ssss 
 
 REV. ARTHUR POTTS was born at Natchez, Mississippi. His 
 father and grandfather were both prominent ministers in the Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 He is a graduate of the New York University, and attended a 
 special course of medical and surgical lectures immediately after 
 graduating. 
 
 The loss of the use of his eyes diverted him from his studies for 
 several years, during which time he resided in the far West, and 
 was also engaged in the cultivation of the grape at Ralmville, where 
 he still owns a small farm. 
 
 On the recovery of the use of his eyes he returned to his studies, 
 which were conducted under the superintendence of his father, and 
 was licensed by the Presbytery of New York in 1S65. 
 
 His first charge was at Washington Avenue and 165th Street, 
 where he called a congregation around him, and finally organized the 
 
 .L settle- 
 
 .ate of five 
 
 .lul churches in 
 
 Potts Memorial Church, named aftc 
 ment was at Little Falls, N. V., wh 
 years, he built one of the most substai 
 the Mohawk valley. 
 
 Just after the completion of this work -le entire payment for 
 
 the building, Mr. Potts received an appoin.ment to the chaplaincy of 
 the British and American Chapel, under the auspices of the Seaman's 
 Friend Society, of New York. 
 
 Very much against the protest of his entire congregation Mr. 
 Potts was induced, by his need of rest, to accept this appointment, 
 which led to his residence in Antwerp, Belgium, for nearly four years. 
 
 l_)uring the last year of his appointment he spent a number of 
 months traveling in the Orient. His tour embraced the Nile, a 
 month's horseback ride through Palestine, Syria, Asia Minor, Turkey 
 
 and Greece. 
 
 After an interval of rest immediately after his return, he accepted 
 the call to his present position as pastor of the Church of The Cor- 
 ner Stone, where he was received without re-ordination. He has 
 now been about four years in this pastorate. 
 
 REV. ARTHUR POTTS, 
 
 GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. 
 
 This congregation was organized in the Spring of iS7i'i, by the late 
 Rev. W. R. Buehler, who came here from Hastings-on-Hudson, on 
 alternate Sundays, 
 to hold divine ser- 
 vice. At a regular 
 meeting of the con- 
 gregation, held Ju- 
 ly 7, 18-6, the Rev. 
 Mr. Buehler was 
 elected, and a call 
 was sent him to be- 
 come the regular 
 pastor. He accept- 
 ed, and labored 
 under many diffi- 
 culties (financial in- 
 cluded) among the 
 members of the 
 congregation until 
 the Spring of 18 78, 
 when a division of 
 the congregation 
 occurred, and on 
 June iS, 1S7S, he 
 resigned his pas- 
 torate and attempt- 
 ed to organize an 
 opposition congre- 
 gati on ; h o w ever, 
 only a few families 
 left the old congre- 
 gation with him , 
 and held services 
 in the chapel of 
 the Associate Re- 
 formed C h u r c h 
 without meeting 
 with success, and 
 
 «„„„ . , GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. 
 
 finally he removed 
 
 to another field of Johnston street near Broadway. 
 
 labor. As a result of his labors we find that the congregation purchased 
 the edifice in Johnston Street near Broadway, formerly St. Paul's 
 tierman M. E. Church, for $3,200, of which sum $700 was paid as 
 purchase money, and until recently only the interest on the indebted- 
 ness was met. At the close of the first year of his pastorate he re- 
 ported a communicant membership of 73, and at the close of the second 
 year a membership of 100. After the departure of the Rev. Mr. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 149 
 
 Buehler, the pulpit was supplied by pastors of the First District Con- 
 ference of the New York Ministerium until JIarch, 1S79, when the late 
 Rev. J- Steiner acted as supply until November of the same year. In 
 the Spring of 1S79 the communicant membership was reported to be 
 100. 
 
 In November, 1S79, the Rev. F. E. Fickeissen was elected and 
 called as regular pastor, and he shortly thereafter entered upon his 
 duties as such. The future of the congregation seemed bright, and 
 although there was not such unity among the members as was de- 
 sirable, pastor Fickeissen still labored under many hardships with the 
 hope of uniting the two forces which had become divided in the 
 Spring of 1S7S. In this pastor Fickeissen was successful. In 18S1 he 
 reported a communicant membership of 94. He resigned in April, 
 1882. 
 
 On May 7 and 14, 1S82, the Rev. Carl C. Manz came and filled the 
 pulpit, and at a meeting of the congregation was elected pastor. He 
 began his duties June 23. There were then only 70 communi- 
 cant members, but under the young pastor's ministration the num- 
 ber increased to 145 in five years, notwithstanding many discourage- 
 ments. January i, 1SS7, Jlr. Manz tendered his resignation, but at 
 the urgent and unanimous request of the congregation he withdrew 
 it. During his pastorate over five hundred dollars was e.\pended for 
 repairs, and the church debt greatly reduced. In i88g the member- 
 ship, notwithstanding many removals, had increased to 180, and 
 continued to grow during the remainder of his pastorate. He resign- 
 ed November 9, 1S90, and preached his farewell sermon December 28. 
 The present pastor is the Rev. Emil F. C. A. Meyer. 
 
 On May 14, 1882, he received a call to the pastorate of the German 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church at Newburgh, and he entered upon his 
 duties as pastor June 23, 1S82, and was installed August 27. 
 
 He was married at Utica, N. Y., September 28, 1882, to Cornelia 
 C, daughter of Prof. Charles Lutorius, of Utica, N. Y. The church 
 at Newburgh was. his first regular charge, and he found the con- 
 gregation, both financially and numerically, in a very poor and weak 
 condition, but by patient and persevering work he left the church in 
 better condition. The communicant membership had increased by 
 more then 100, after deducting all losses caused by rem(jvals, bj- 
 death, and otherwise. During the years 1SS9 and 1S90 the mortgage 
 on the property was reduced from $2,500 to $1,600. Mr. Manz re- 
 signed his Newburgh charge in December, 1S90, and accepted a call 
 to become pastor of St. John's Church at Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 REV. CARL C. MANZ was born October, 20, 1859, atPoughkeep- 
 sie, N. Y., his father, the Rev. C. G. Manz, being at that time the 
 pastor of the German Evangelical Lutheran church in that city. His 
 
 mother was Marie Catherine 
 
 p - —-a Kraushaar. Both parents 
 
 ; 1 were natives of Germany, 
 
 He first attended a parochial 
 school at Liverpool, N. Y. 
 Then the public schools at 
 "^ Clarence Center, N. Y., and 
 
 \ Lj'ons, N. Y. 
 
 1 In 1873 he entered the 
 
 college of the Evangelical 
 Lutheran New York Minis- 
 terium at Newark, N. Y., 
 where he took up the study 
 of Latin, Greek and French, 
 besides the regular branches 
 of education. He remained 
 at this school but one year , 
 returning home and receiv- 
 ing private instructions until 
 September, 1876, when he 
 entered the classical depart- 
 ment of St. Matthew's Acad- 
 emy at New York City, 
 graduating from that insti- 
 tution on July 3, 1879. 
 
 In September of the same 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary 
 
 From June 15, 1881. to September 15, i88it 
 
 REV. CARL C. MANZ. 
 
 year he entered the 
 
 at Philadelphia, Pa. . ..-.li j""- -j. ^ 
 
 being the summer vacation, by permission of the theological 
 faculty he supplied the German-English Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church at Beaver Falls, Pa., in the absence of the regular pastor. 
 Returning to the seminary, he was recommended by the faculty to 
 the Rev Dr Geissenhainer, of New York, to supply m his stead the 
 Ev. Lutheran church at Hainesport, N. J., during the Winter of 1881 
 to 1882 He was graduated from the theological seminary at 1 hila- 
 delphia,inMay,iS82, and was ordained June iS, 1882, during the 
 convention of the New York Ministerium at Rochester, N. Y., where 
 his parents reside. 
 
 REV. EMIL F. C. A. MEYER was born November 26, 1865, in 
 Bremen, Germany. After being graduated from the high school 
 in that city, he came to this country in 1879, and lived in New York 
 City with his parents for 
 several years. In 1S83 he 
 went to the ^Vagner Memor- 
 ial Lutheran College, in 
 Rochester, N. Y., and enter- 
 ed the practical department. 
 After four years of study he 
 was graduated in the year 
 1887. Mr. Meyer then took 
 a full course of three years 
 in the Evangelical Lutheran 
 Seminary at Mt. Airy, Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa., and was grad- 
 uated in 1890. He was ex- 
 amined on June 4, 1890, in 
 Lyons, N. Y., by the exam- 
 ination committee of the 
 Evangelical Lutheran Min- 
 isterium of New York, and 
 ordained on December 26, 
 in St. Marc's German Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran Church in 
 New York City. After acting 
 as assistant and filhng va- 
 cancies throughout the 
 State, he was called to the 
 
 German Evangelical Lutheran Church in Newburgh, N. Y., on Jan- 
 uarv I. 1891, as his first charge. 
 
 REV. EMIL F. C. A. MEYER. 
 
 CHURCH OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD— Protestant Episcopal. 
 
 The work which has resulted in the organization of this separate 
 parish was begun by the Rev. Dr. Applegate, rector of St. George's, 
 in June, 1871, by the opening of a Sunday school in what was then 
 known as McConkey's Hall, on Broadway. In October a change to 
 better quarters in the same neighborhood was made, and an evening 
 service begun by the rector, who took charge until the Rev. Nelson 
 R. Boss became his assistant in August, 1872. 
 
 A chapel was completed and opened February 16, 1873, and in 1880 
 the vvorkhad so grown as to necessitate enlargement and extensive 
 improvement. 
 
 In 1889 a lot on the corner of Broadway and Mill Street was pur- 
 chased, and plans for a new chapel and mission-house were prepared 
 by Frank A. Wright, of New York, and the contract awarded to 
 D. H. Flansburgh, of Newburgh. 
 
 On January i, i8go, the corner-stone was laid by the rector of the 
 parish, the Rev. Dr. O. Applegate, assisted by the Rev Messrs. 
 Emery, Walsh and Marvine, of Newburgh : Washburn, of Rondout, and 
 Buckmaster, (jf Marlborough, in the presence of the Sunday school 
 and members of the parish and a large assemblage of citizens. The 
 
150 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 old chapel M'as vacated September 30, 1S90, for the occupancy of the 
 present permanent church edifice. The total cost was about $20,000. 
 The follo\ving clergy had immediate charge of the mission at different 
 periods: the Rev. Jlessrs. Nelson R. Boss, J. H. Smith, George W. 
 Hinckle, George D. Silliman, A. C. Iloehing, James Baird, D. D,, 
 Sturges Allen, G. A. Rathbun, Henr\- Tarrant, George W. Lay and 
 Walter Marvine. 
 
 In June, 1S91, the mission was reorganized as the Church of the 
 Good Shepherd, with the Rev. John Marshall Chew as rector, and 
 with the following officers: ^^■ardens— David Perrott, George W. 
 
 nue east of Liberty Street, was purchased, and the erection of an 
 edifice begun on May 30; but the funds gave out and the work ceased. 
 In the Summer of 1890 an arrangement was made whereby the 
 money paid on the Carson Avenue lot was returned, and the society 
 permitted to vacate the lot and take the present site at the corner of 
 I iberty Street and Courtney Avenue. The church was dedicated 
 March 20, 1S91. The Rev. Dr. R. R. Meredith, of Brooklyn, preached 
 the sermon from Matthew vii : 11. The total seating capacity is about 
 375. The total cost was about fyi.ooo. 
 
 REV JAMES B. KING, the founder of the Congregational 
 Church in Newburgh. is of Scotch-Irish Presbyterian stock, and was 
 born at Gettysburgh, Pa., October 5, 1839. His ancestors came from 
 the north of Ireland about 1735. and became the first permanent 
 settlers of Adams County, of which Gettysburgh is the county-seat. 
 Mr King was graduated from Princeton, in the class of 1860, and be- 
 gan the stud\- of law. His studies were interrupted by the war of the 
 Rebellion. Mr. King volunteered and served nearly three years with 
 
 CHURCH OF THE GOOD SH EPH ERD— PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. 
 Broadway corner of Mill Street. 
 
 Fuller; Vestr\-men — Benjamin Cliff, ilatthew "Walsh, David Carru- 
 thers, John Conyngham, Edmund Carter, Henry Good, sr., Joseph 
 Cooper and W. H. B. Sands. 
 
 On Tuesday, July 28, 1891, the church was consecrated by Bishop 
 Potter. Among the other clergy present were the Rev. John Marshall 
 Chew, rector of the church; the Rev. O. Applegate, S. T. D., of St. 
 George's; the Rev. Rufus Emery, of St. Paul's; the Rev. H. L. Zieg- 
 enfuss, of Poughkeepsie; the Rev. S. A. Weikert, of Pine Plains; the 
 Rev. B. F. Crary, of Poughkeep.sie; the Rev. G. S. Ayres, of Staats- 
 burgh; the Rev. P. C. Creveling, of Canterbury; the Rev. Lewis T. 
 Wattson, of Kingston; the Rev. William Walsh, the Rev. E. F. C. A. 
 Mever, the Rev. W. II. Abbott and the Rev. Honry T. Johnson, of 
 Newburgh; and the Rev. O. Applegate, jr., of EUenville. 
 
 FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 
 (See Illustration, Page 64,) 
 
 In November, 1888, the Rev. James B. King came to Newburgh in 
 the interest of the New York Home Missionary Society of the Con- 
 gregational Church, who thought it possible to form a congregation 
 in this city. Resting for a brief period, in order to take a substantial 
 estimate of the surroundings, and to determine just what he should 
 do, his judgment decided that at Washington Heights there was a 
 field that could be cultivated to advantage. It was but a short time 
 when Mr. King had enlisted the sympathy of a number of persons, 
 who thought well of his suggestions, and encouraged him by their 
 assistance in establishing the nucleus of what to-day is a promising 
 young religious society. 
 
 The congregation was organized January 3, 1SS9, in a dwelhng on 
 Carson Avenue. Eighteen persons became members then. The first 
 Trustees were James T. Decker, G. W. Voungblood, James H. Val- 
 entine, John H. Valentine and George Prince. A lot in Carson Ave- 
 
 PMOTO. BY WAPES. 
 
 REV. JAMES B, KING. 
 
 the Third Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, joining as a first lieutenant 
 and afterward being promoted to captain of Company C. He was 
 not permitted to see much service in the field. For the most part he 
 was on courts-martial, boards of survey, and military commissions 
 of various kinds, or in garrison drilling and disciplining troops, or 
 otherwise preparing them f<^r active service. 
 
 He resigned his commission after the surrender at Appomattox, 
 and subsequently was chosen by some gentlemen of Boston to man- 
 age and develop some mining interests in Nova Scotia, where he re- 
 sided for several years. Returning to Boston, he was there engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits for some years, until at length brought by 
 divine Providence and by experiences which cannot be detailed here, 
 to hear and heed wdiat was believed to be a divine call to the gospel 
 ministry, for which there had been for a long time an unconscious 
 preparation. Mr. King's first pastorate was at Sandwich, Mass., in 
 which he was ordained and installed by an ecclesiastical council con- 
 vened for the purpose. In this pastorate he remained until failing 
 health compelled a relinquishment of the charge. In November, 
 1888, he came to Newburgh, a stranger, not knowing a single resi- 
 dent of the place. In two months (January 3, 1SS9,) he organized the 
 first Congregational church in this city, which now has a comfortable 
 house of worship and steadily growing in temporal and spiritual power. 
 
BENEVOLENCE. 
 
 Institutions WJiich Care for tlie Bodies, Minds and Souls of tlie People. 
 
 HE question, to what degree does a city meet the high- 
 est demands of our modern civihzation? must be decid- 
 ed upon higher tests than mere physical and material 
 advantages. Does it stimulate and satisfy men's higher 
 and more intellectual \vants? Does it respond to the 
 great sentiments of philanthropy that characterize the 
 age? Does it relieve the dread that hangs around 
 helpless infancy and helpless old age? Does it seek to guide its 
 youth in the path of rectitude? Does it help the poor, visit the 
 sick and heal the wounded? These are the higher tests by which 
 intelhgent people estimate the degree of advancement, culture and 
 moral worth of a population. In proportion to its size, in propor- 
 tion to its means, Xewburgh is fully abreast of modern ideas. The 
 institutions we possess do not represent the philanthropy of a 
 single wealthy citizen merely— none of them has been founded by 
 legacies or gifts as memorials— but they typify the self-denial, the 
 loving-kindness and fellow-feeling of the communit)-; they represent 
 the charity of many, not the liberality of a few. Few cities of its 
 measure have so many charitable and benevolent organizations — we 
 cannot hope to even name them all. There are many connected 
 with the churches, while scores of societies of almost every nature 
 have benevolent features as their fundamental principle. Each has 
 it own field of labor; working quietly and without ostentation, ful- 
 filling the divine command in not letting the right hand know what 
 the left hand doeth. Over thirty thousand dollars is annually given 
 in this city for the relief of the poor from known sources; while from 
 the churches, the mutual relief societies, the secret lodges and benev- 
 olent associations, from families and individuals in their own chosen 
 private channels, benevolence constantly flows forth in full generous 
 tide. 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 On June 29, 1857, less than six years after the introduction of 
 Young Men's Christian Association work in America, a meeting was 
 held in the American Reformed Church, in this city, to consider the 
 advisability of organizing an association. Nothing came of it. Soon 
 after the first attempt Arthur Potts, now pastor of the Church of The 
 Comer Stone, one of a little company of young men who had been 
 instrumental in bringing into existence the organization in New York 
 City, came to Xewburgh to live. Upon ascertaining his connection 
 with the work in the metropolis, some of the young men applied to 
 him to assist in organizing here. After several preliminary meetings a 
 constitution was adopted in the Court House, on the evening of Sep- 
 tember 17, 1858; and a week later the following officers were elected: 
 President— Arthur Potts; Vice-President— Thomas S. McAUes; Corre- 
 sponding Secretary— M. C. Belknap; Recording Secretary— Charles 
 Estabrook; Treasurer — James T. Lawson ; Librarian — John H. Martin. 
 They rented in the Fall of 1858 a large room at No. 78 Water Street, 
 corner of Third. This was the first and only home of this association 
 during the two and a half years of its existence. About the close of 
 1858, 139 members were enrolled. The last advertised meeting was 
 
 for March 15, 1861, and the organization probably dissolved soon 
 after. 
 
 After a lapse of seven years the present association came into be- 
 ing. The interest in the movement appears to have been awakened 
 by a sermon preached by the Rev. DeLoss Lull, then pastor of St. 
 John's Church, in which he spoke with feeling of the temptations 
 which assail young men, and remarked that Newburgh was behind 
 her sister towns on the Hudson in providing a pleasant place of even- 
 ing resort for her young men. A few days later, March 6, 1S68, there 
 appeared an article in the Daily Journal, suggesting that those feel- 
 ing an interest in the organization of a Young Men's Christian As"so- 
 ciation send in their names to the office of the paper. Within three 
 days we find some sixty names handed in, and a meeting was called 
 for the evening of the 12th, in the chapel of Trinity Church. The 
 meeting was an enthusiastic one, the Journal giving a three-column 
 report of it. It was resolved to organize, and a committee was ap- 
 i:iointed to draft the constitution and by-laws. 
 
 On the 27th of March the organization was completed by the 
 adoption of the constitution and the election of the following officers 
 for the first year ; President — William E. Mapes; Vice-President — R. V. 
 K. Montfort; Corresponding Secretary — M. C. Belknap; Recording 
 Secretary — J. H. Martin; Treasurer — WillardM. Phillips; and the fol- 
 lowing directors: Charles J. Howell, D. C. Rider, Hugh Neill, W. B. 
 Hall, James Eaton, John Baldwin, Dr. John Campbell, Dr. C. J. 
 Walsh, William H. Kelly, James T. Van Dalfsen and James Harri- 
 son, representing different churches. The Savings Bank building 
 was then in course of erection, and the association secured a fine suit 
 of rooms on the third floor, paying therefor $500 per year. The rooms 
 were handsomely fitted out at a cost of $350. These were not ready 
 for occupancy until June, and the meetings of the association were 
 held temporarily in Masonic Hall, corner of Colden Street and Broad- 
 way. 
 
 For a few years the association was prosperous in a limited way, 
 but its efficiency was weakened by frequent removals from one place 
 to another, and inadequate quarters. From the Savings Bank it went 
 to the Law Building, then to 61 Smith Street, then to 42 Water Street, 
 and afterwards to 19 Water Street. The year 1877-78 found the asso- 
 ciation in a very depressed condition. Early in November, 1878, State 
 Secretary Hall had a conference with the directors, and urged the 
 immediate employment of a competent general secretary for at least 
 a few months, believing that the crisis might be tided over by that 
 time, and suggested E. W. Watkins, of New Hampshire — afterwards 
 one of the secretaries of the International Committee — and arrange- 
 ments were made with him to take charge of the work for three 
 months. Mr. Watkins arrived about November 9. At an association 
 meeting held December 4, E. S. Turner was elected president. On 
 the 6th of December, it was resolved to reorganize the association. 
 
 The work which brought about the reorganization, and estabhshed 
 the association, will never be fully known to any save those who en- 
 gaged in it, for the records show but little of the steady, persistent self- 
 sacrificing effort which was put forth almost night and day during 
 the months of December, 1878, and January and February, 1879. In 
 
 [IS'] 
 
152 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 January thc> assf>ciation moved to rooms in the Sclioomaker, Mills cV 
 Weller building. At the annual meeting a new eonstitution was 
 adopted, and the election of oflieers resulted as foUcjws; President— 
 E. S. Turner; First Vice President— K. \'. K. Montfort; Second Vice 
 President— Martin L. Lee; Treasurer— John J. S. McCroskery; Re- 
 cording Secretary— Charles L. Chatterton. A few months later Gen- 
 eral Secretary J. T. Bowne, one of the most prominent and able work- 
 ers in the national field, came here and took charge of the work. A 
 new era dawned, new life was put into the work, and the result is the 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING, 
 Corner of Third and Smith Streets. 
 
 large and prosperous association of to-day. We will not detail the 
 work of President Turner and Secretary Bowne and their co-laborers 
 during the years 1880, '8i and '82. For the eighth time the association 
 was ' ' on wheels," taking rooms at 99 and loi Water Street. Although 
 at times things looked discouraging, the association continued to grow- 
 under all disadvantages. A building fund was started by the ladies 
 of the city, which amoimted to $2,500. When the new building was 
 (jeeupied, in 1883, 817,000 had been raised, largely through the inde- 
 fatigable efforts of E. S. Turner. 
 
 In August, 1882, the contracts for the new building were awarded, 
 and the dedication took place June 15, 1883. When the State Con- 
 vention met here in 1883 (for the second time) it found a prosperous 
 association, about to occupy a beautiful building, and with a large 
 and growing membership. Having seen established the institution 
 in its new building, Mr. Bowne, greatly to the regret of all the mem- 
 bers and friends, tendered his resignation and went to another field 
 of labor. 
 
 Mr. Bowne was succeeded by George A. Sanford, a resume of 
 whose work in connection with the association appears in a following 
 article. Mr. Turner also relinquished the Presidency to John G. 
 Wilkinson. In 1885 Messrs. Moody and Sankey conducted a conven- 
 tion for Christian workers which made a deep impression. During 
 the meetings a movement was inaugurated by D. L. Moody to raise 
 .Sio,ooo, the amount of a mortgage, the weight of which rested heavi- 
 ly upon the assrjciation, and Sio.ooo for a gymnasium and extension 
 fund, the entire amount of ^\'hich was afterward subscribed. Mr. San- 
 ford was succeeded by Wm. II. Sallmon, and Fred T. Kirkland after- 
 ward filled the position. In 1891 George A. .Sanford was recalled to 
 the secretaryship. William B. Brokaw succeeded Mr. Wilkinson to 
 the Presidency, and ilr. Brokaw in turn was succeeded by Lewis M. 
 Smith. At this time an excellent new gymnasium was added, and 
 afterward the amount of a deficiency of $4,3rjo, which had accumula- 
 
 ted for several years, was subscribed and paid. In the Spring of 1891 
 I'rank S. Hull was elected President, together with John W. Mat- 
 thews, Vice-President; George B. Carver, Treasurer, and George S. 
 Weller, Recording Secretary. 
 
 GEORGE A. SANFORD, General Secretary. Closely associated 
 with the pn.sperity of the Y.rung Men's Christian Association, is the 
 gentleman whose portrait we present herewith. He was born at 
 " Maple Grange," Warwick, of a well known Orange County family. 
 His education was begun at the Warwick Institute, and has been 
 cimtinued during many years of a busy life. A business experience of 
 five years, first as clerk, then as bookkeeper, and finally teller of the 
 First National Bank of Warwick, has since proved of great value to 
 the association which he has served. 
 
 Mr. Sanford has not accustomed himself to much leisure. In 
 addition to his work at the bank and his studies, he built up a fire 
 insurance and real estate business, which gradually absorbed nearly 
 all of that line of business in the Warwick valley. Excepting for a 
 year and a half, during which he was a member of the real estate 
 firm of Turner & Sanford, the last ten years of his life have been 
 spent in the work of the Young Men's Christian Association. 
 
 In 18S4 Mr. Sanford was chosen General Secretary of the New- 
 burgh Association, soon after the beginning of the work in the new 
 building. During the first year of his administration Newburgh young 
 men paid 40,000 visits to the building. New features were added, 
 among them the junior department, the work of which will not soon 
 be forgotten by our citizens. Beside paying all current expenses that 
 year, a floating defjt of 83,739.85 was paid. 
 
 At the end of three years public sentiment was so enlisted that 
 the 8io,rxjo mortgage on the building was quickly subscribed and 
 jjaid. Nearly 8/o,oo<j additional was subscribed for a gymnasium 
 and extension fund. The facts then presented showed that an ag- 
 gregate of 50,000 
 visits by young 
 men and io,<joo by 
 boys per year were 
 made in taking ad- 
 vantage of the op- 
 portunities for rec- 
 reation , education 
 and pleasure offer- 
 ed by the associa- 
 tion. 
 
 The records also 
 show that during 
 the first three years 
 in the new building 
 one hundred young 
 men and boys were 
 received from the 
 association into the 
 Baptist, Methodist, 
 Presbyterian, Cov- 
 enanter, Episcopal 
 and other churches 
 of the city. 
 
 After two years' 
 service in connec- 
 tion with the Phil- 
 adelphia jVssocia- 
 tion and the New 
 York State Execu- 
 tive Committee, at the urgent request of the Directors of the New- 
 burgh Association, Mr. Sanford returned to assist in disposing of a 
 deficiency of §4,300. After a few months' work the Directors were 
 able to report on May i, 1891, that the deficiency had been paid and 
 the association was fiut of debt. Amf)ng the respected and appreci- 
 ated citizens of Newburgh, Mr. Sanford is a recognized power, whose 
 unselfish influence contributes not a little to the best welfare of our city. 
 
 GEORGE A. SANFORD, 
 General Secretary of the Young Men's Christian 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 153 
 
 On the evening of April 24, 1SS8, a public meeting was held at 
 Calvary Church, at which Miss Nettie Dunn, of Chicago, Secretar\- of 
 the National Committee of the Young Women's Christian Associa- 
 
 .^'f 
 
 
 
 FAIR OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 Held in Columbia Rink, February 11-14, 1890. 
 
 This Picture is a Cunosity from the fact that the Rink was Filled with People when the Photograph 
 
 was made. But the Negative was Exposed about Two Hours, which Resulted in Picturing 
 
 thereon only such Details of the Scene as Remained Stationary during that time. 
 
 tion, dehvered an address describing the work of the organization. 
 After she had finished her address, it was resolved to form an asso- 
 ciation in this city. A constitution, offered by iliss ilary E. Gouldy, 
 was adopted, and the following officers were elected: President— Mrs. 
 Susan McMasters: First Vice President — Mrs. Isaac Garrison: Sec- 
 ond Vice President — Miss ilary E. Gouldy, Third Vice President — 
 Mrs. Charles S. Jenkins: Recording Secretary- — Miss Augusta Les- 
 lie; Treasurer — Mrs. M. C. Belknap. One hundred and five mem- 
 bers were enrolled at this meeting. 
 
 A few daj's later rooms were rented at No. 131 Broadway, and 
 Mrs. S. V. Atwell, from Schenectedy, was engaged as General Secre- 
 tary. A Junior Branch was organized in June, 1SS9, to which girls 
 from 10 to 16 vears of age are admitted to membership. In 1S90 the 
 quarters were changed to Nn, 32 Water Street, and in May, 1S91, they 
 were established permanently at No. 150 Liberty Street, the building 
 having been purchased by the association. The rooms are hand- 
 somely furnished, and the association is doing for young women the 
 same practical and helpful work that the Y. M. C. A. is doing for 
 yoimg men. There are classes in Bible study, vocal music, English 
 branches, German, book-keeping, stenography, sewing, dressmaking 
 and millinerj-. Entertainments and receptions are also held. The 
 second annual convention of the New Vork State Associations was 
 held in Trinity Church, Newburgh, in February, 1SS9, and the first 
 anniversary exercises of the local association were held on Sabbath 
 evening, October 27, 13S9. 
 
 The present officers are .Mrs. C. J. Lawson, President; -Mrs. C. S. 
 Jenkins, Mrs. John Hilton, Mrs. John Deyo, Vice-Presidents; Miss 
 Lizzie CarUsle, Treasurer; .Miss Augusta Leslie, Recording Secre- 
 tary; Mrs. S. V. Atwell, General Secretary 
 
 The headquarters of the State Executive Committee of the Young 
 Women's Christian Associations of New York State are in Newburgh. 
 The officers of the committee are: Chairman — Miss R. F. :Morsc, New 
 York City; Treasurer — Mrs. Russel Headley, Newburgh; Secretary- 
 Miss J. A. Gouldy, Newburgh; State Secretary— Miss Emma Reeder, 
 Newburgh. 
 
 HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS. 
 
 This institution was organized in the Fall of 1S61, under the fol- 
 lowing circumstances. One da)' there were assembled in the Court 
 House a goodly number of ladies, representing the different city 
 churches, making ready articles to send to soldiers. The 
 War of the Rebellion was in progress. Two ladies from 
 the Home for the Friendless in New York entered the 
 room, and asked permission to present the claims of the 
 American Female Guardian Societ)'. For two hours they 
 held the attention of an audience of women and children 
 as they described the work of their societ)'. 
 
 A society was formed then and there, consisting of 
 two ladies from each of the city churches, under the 
 name of the Newburgh Union Female Guardian Societ)', 
 with the object of providing a home for children of 
 poverty. 
 
 The term " union " was used because the manage- 
 ment was to be chosen from the various denominations. 
 This society was to be auxiliary to the New York society. 
 Work was at once begun by sending out a printed appeal 
 stating the object of the desired society and asking for 
 financial aid. This effort met with favor. This was fol- 
 lowed by renting a room at No. 71 Second Street, the 
 expense of which was kindly met by the late Judge 
 John J. Monell. There a day school was opened on 
 December 16, 1S61, with 33 pupils, all children who by 
 reason of destitution were debarred from attending our 
 public schools. The labor connected with this was per- 
 formed by the managers in turn — the daily washing and 
 feeding the children. The one meal given at noon was 
 in many cases all the little ones could have. This meal 
 was not then prepared in the building, but sent in dailv 
 by the managers. At this time Miss E. K. Gray gave 
 her services as teacher,, which had a refining and com- 
 manding influence over the tmtrained scholars. It was 
 soon found both desirable and necessary to furnish lodgings also, as 
 some of the children were homeless. To accomplish this, S. R. Van 
 Duzer pro\'ided a home b)- renting for one year the dwelling No. 271 
 
 YOUNG WOMENS CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING- 
 
 150 Liberty Street, 
 
154 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Grand Street. The society, with Mrs. (Rev.) \V. Voungblood at its 
 head, had now adopted a constitution and by-laws, and elected twelve 
 gentlemen as a Board of Counselors. Encouraged by them and 
 largely aided by the late Judge Nathaniel Jones, one of the Board, a 
 charter was obtained from the New York State Legislature on April 
 7, 1S62. In the second annual report of the Newburgh Union Female 
 Guardian Society and Home for the Friendless we find a list in the 
 printed charter of the names of members of this body corporate, 
 which was hereafter to be known as the Newburgh Home for the 
 Friendless, its allegiance to the New York society being discon- 
 tinued. 
 
 In 1S63 a committee from the Board of Counselors was appointed 
 to wait upon the Board of Education to ask for school funds to help 
 pay the teacher. The Board of Education decided to adopt the 
 " Fourth ^Vard Home School," and to pay the institution $100 per 
 year. This aid has been withdrawn for many years. In 1S64 the 
 Home was moved to its present quarters. Throvigh the persevering 
 efforts of the management, aided by the Board of Counselors, very 
 materially and untiringly by James Bigler, sufficient money had been 
 raised to enable the ladies to purchase the property now occupied as 
 the Home, in Jlontgomery Street. 
 
 The main support of the institution has been the free-will offer- 
 ings of the community, and the untiring zeal of the ladies who con- 
 duct the noble work. Day after day for nearly thirty years these 
 gifts and little helps have never ceased to flow in. The great majority 
 have been small contributions, frequently repeated, of provisions, 
 clothing and money. A goodly number of people make regular an- 
 nual donations of from Si to S25 each. The society possesses the fol- 
 lowing permanent fimds: 
 
 manent homes in christian families can be secured for them by adop- 
 tion or otherwise. 
 
 The present officers arc: First Directress — Mrs. C. F. Allan; Sec- 
 ond Directress— Mrs. C. J. Howell; Third Directress— Mrs. G. E. 
 
 Lewis Jennings 
 
 Rufus R. Skeel 
 
 W. W. Carsun, gift 
 
 Moses "Wilson 
 
 Jlrs. Owen JfcGahev 
 
 Dr. Georj^fe Brown .' 
 
 Frances Brown 
 
 Margaret A. Currie 
 
 Elizabeth Fi.sh 
 
 Amelia J. F. Hull 
 
 Eliza Brown 
 
 M. \V. Lockwood 
 
 "A Friend," 1S78 — Mrs 
 Charles Downing 
 
 405 c 
 
 4'>D '. 
 100 < 
 Joo < 
 100 ( 
 100 c 
 100 c 
 
 Henry Ball 
 
 Charlotte M. Furman 
 
 Harvey Weed 
 
 Henry Rogers 
 
 "A Friend of the Cause," 1SS4 
 
 Adah H. Phillips 
 
 Charles Downing 
 
 JIary E. Miller. 
 
 William Caldwell 
 
 W. W. Carson, legacy 
 
 Elizabeth M. Weed 
 
 Sarah E. Sly 
 
 Elizabeth C. D. Stewart 
 
 3,000 LW 
 500 00 
 
 2,000 O-J 
 
 500 00 
 
 roo 00 
 
 roo 00 
 
 j,ooo 00 
 
 4,000 00 
 
 500 00 
 
 i,6o7 50 
 
 100 00 
 
 loo 00 
 
 100 00 
 
 iLi ii . ^ 
 
 The society is composed of women, having the usual officers, a 
 Board of Managers and committees. There is also a Board of Coun- 
 
 ST. LUKE'S HOME AND HOSPITAI No. 153 Liberty Street, 
 
 selors, composed of men, who may be called together at any time. 
 Friendless and destitute girls and boys under ten, either orphans or 
 abandoned by their parents, are received and provided for till per- 
 
 HOME FOR THE FRI ENDLESS— No. 165 Montgomery Street. 
 
 Edgar; Treasurer — Mrs Charles Caldwell; Recording Secretary — Mrs. 
 J. G. D. Findley; Corresponding Secretary — Mrs. Samuel Carlisle. 
 
 ssss 
 
 ST. LUKE'S HOME AND HOSPITAL. 
 
 The organization of this institution was owing 
 mainly to the approval and encouragement of the late 
 rector of St. George's Church, the Rev. John Brown, 
 D. D. He called a meeting at his residence, in July, 
 1S74, at which he explained the project, and, ani- 
 mated by him, those present formed the resolution to 
 attempt the work. At a subsequent meeting a plan 
 of operati<jn was considered and a constitution fram- 
 ed. It was adopted November 4, 1S74, and on Nov- 
 ember II in a general meeting, attended by women 
 of both Newburgh and New "Windsor, the first Board 
 of Jlanagers was elected. These were; Mrs. Haslet 
 McKim, President; Mrs. Smith Ely, Vice-President; 
 Mrs. John E. Rogers, Secretary; Miss JuHa E. Le 
 Roy, Treasurer. The house on the northeast corner 
 of Dubois and Third Streets was rented. St. Luke's 
 subsequently occupied the building on the comer of 
 Dubois and Carter Streets, and then purchased a 
 place in Carpenter Avenue, afterwards sold to the city 
 for reservoir purposes. Then the present handsome 
 property in Liberty Street was purchased. It is clear 
 of debt. 
 
 The object of the institution is to provide primarily 
 a hospital for the care and surgical and medical treat- 
 ment of the sick and disabled; and, secondly, a home for aged women. 
 The society was incorporated in 1876. The present officers are; Mrs. 
 O. Applegate, President; Miss E. J. Appleton, Vice-President; James 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 155 
 
 J. Logan, Treasurer; Mrs. J. N. Dickey, Secretary; Mrs. S. C. Mills, 
 Registrar; Miss L. Miller, Matron. 
 
 Through the efforts of Charles F. Shaw and Charles E. McElrath 
 an ambulance corps was formed in 1S91, which is now, owing main- 
 ly to the liberality of Alfred Kayne, M. D,, well organized and 
 equipped. They have a fine ambulance and horse, which may be 
 summoned by telephone at a moment's warning, to convey injured 
 persons to the hospital. It is a separate organization, yet co-operates 
 with the hospital management. The members are qualified to render 
 first aid to the injured, and some of them have taken the ambulance 
 surgeon's course of instruction. The Newburgh Ambulance Corps is 
 constituted as follows; Charles F. Shaw, Charles E. McElrath, 
 Joseph N. Bogart and R. J. Smith. Alfred Kayne, General Manager. 
 
 THE CITY'S BENEFACTIONS. 
 
 The City of Newburgh in connection with the Town of Newburgh 
 has an admirable sj'stem for the care of helpless old age and orphan 
 youth, and for the relief of those temporarily in need. There are two 
 institutions under the care of the Alms House Commissioners — the 
 Alms House and the Children's Home. The former is on a farm in 
 the southwestern corner of the city, and the latter is a mansion in 
 High Street. The Home is all the name implies. The little inmates 
 are made happy and comfortable; they attend the public schools and 
 have much the same privileges and liberties that other children have 
 at their homes, and good care. The Home is the special charge of a 
 committee of the Board, who have a kind and watchful eye over 
 its affairs. 
 
 The Alms House is in charge of a Superintendent of the Poor, and 
 affords a good home to many aged people, some of whom pay board. 
 Those who are able, do light work. The Commissioners also grant 
 temporary relief to needy persons outside of the institutions. 
 
 The system was established in 1853 by act of the Legislature. By 
 the terras of the act the Town of Newburgh was estabUshed as a sep- 
 arate poor district. Enoch Carter, then Supervisor, was the leader 
 in the project. The first Commissioners were Henry Wyckoff, David 
 W. Bate, David H. Barclay, George Gcarn, Alfred Post and 
 
 CHILDREN'S HOME— High Street, 
 
 Eugene A. Brewster. The first buildings were erected under contract 
 with John Little, jr. The house was completed and opened December 
 10, 1853. During 1890-91 the number of persons who received relief 
 was 1,634, i" which number are included 120 persons who were in 
 the Home at the date of the previous report. The Commissioners sui> 
 port 29 insane persons at various asylums. Last year $28,354.80 was 
 expended in the good work. The value of the property now under 
 
 control of the Board is about sixty thousand dollars. The present 
 Commissioners are Charles J. Lawson, James J. Dougherty, John 
 Orr, Fred Herman, John E. Herbert, John G. Rodman; William 
 Presler, Superintendent; Senan L. Sweeney, physician. 
 
 ASSOCIATED CHARITIES OF NE-WBURGH. 
 
 OflSce and employment bureau, 39 Second Street; organized 1875; 
 reorganized 18S6. An alliance formed to bring into co-operation all 
 existing charitable agencies, whether religious, civic, or of the pub- 
 lic authorities, that the best interests of the poor may be secured, and 
 that pauperism with its manifold evils maybe overcome and reduced. 
 It is a society for the friendly visitation of the poor, and one that 
 
 WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION FREE READING ROOM— 125 Broadway 
 
 would help the poor to save their self-respect by helping them- 
 selves. It tries to bring to bear upon each person that comes to its 
 knowledge all the agencies and influences — charitable, economical, 
 and moral — that are necessary to his welfare. No one who has given 
 more than a passing thought to the social problems of the age can 
 deny that alms-giving is not a remedy for pauperism. LTnscrupu- 
 lous adventurers are only too common in every rank of life. To pro- 
 tect the public against such as appear in the guise of beggars, to 
 secure adequate aid for those persons whom old age, illness or in- 
 firmity has rendered dependent, and to form and strengthen habits 
 of industry and manly independence in those whose misfortunes are 
 due to the lack of such qualities — these are the objects sought by this 
 and kindred societies throughout the land. 
 
 Any person may become a member of this organization by paj'ing 
 annually f 5 or more, and agreeing to abstain from indiscriminate 
 alms-giving; but the society provides a sustaining membership, with- 
 out being a member of the corporation. Any person may become a 
 life-member by the payment of $50. The receipts from life-member- 
 ship are to create an endowment fund, the interest alone to be devoted 
 to relief. The society is supported by voluntary contributions. It 
 now has 110 corporate members, 162 sustaining members, and 2 life 
 members. 
 
 Mrs. F. D. Hitch, President; Mrs. William A. M. Culbert and A. 
 Smith Ring, Vice-Presidents; Miss R. M. St. John, Treasurer; A. 
 Smith Ring, Assistant Treasurer, also Treasurer of the Penny Provi- 
 dent Fund; Miss Mary Akerly, Secretary; Mrs. Mary G. Wood, 
 Superintendent. 
 
 SS N S 
 
 THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. 
 
 Has rooms at No. 125 Broadway, open every evening from 7 to 9.30 
 o'clock. A good work is being done among the boys of the city by 
 these self-denying women. They bring the boys to this cheerful 
 
^S6 
 
 NEWBUHGH. 
 
 room, and by precL-]it and t-xaniple teacli them the |irinciples i.l tem- 
 perance and nii.rahty. In nundierless ways aelsof henevulenee ha\e 
 been done, and their reward has heen the rernrmaticm >>( many 
 youths. Thev also earrv no\vers to the siek, and onee a week 
 theycarrv the ijospel to those imprisoned. I'.oxcs of clothing; are 
 occasionalh- sent to tliose in need, and tlie sulVerers at Jolinstown, 
 and the liasket makers of RoL-klaml Connty, liave reason !(■ remem- 
 ber the W. C. T. I', of Xewdim's^ii. Re]ii;ious meetin,i;s are lield on 
 Wednesday and Sabbath, led l)y the ladies of the Union. The I'nion 
 numbers 130 members. 'I"he olfieers are: Mrs, J. \'. Joi'dan, Presi- 
 dent; Mrs. A. B. \Vri.i;ht, N'iee-President; Mrs. C. C. ShaiVer, Corres- 
 ponding Secretary; Miss C. A, Goodale, Reeordini; Secretary; Mrs. 
 R. H. Gorrie, Treasurer; Miss R. S. I>enilrum, labrarian. 
 
 THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE 
 UNION 
 
 Is useful in several departments of benevolent work. Its primary 
 object is to bring boys and young men from the street, to provide 
 a reading-room and meeting-place for them, and as far as possible 
 to insure their spiritual and temporal welfare. The Union has pleas- 
 ant rooms at 150 Broadway, where every evening acompanyof boys 
 may be found, improving their time by reading, or by receiving 
 instruction in English branches. \'ery often employment is found 
 for men and boys, and in many other ways does the Union endeav- 
 or to be a good Samaritan to those in need. Religious services ;irc 
 held each Sabbath evening, and at all times temperance and morality 
 are inculcated. 
 
 Besides this work at the rooms, the poor are unostentatiously be- 
 friended, flowers are sent to the sick, and the prisoners at the jail and 
 the paupers at the Alms House are regularly visited. There are four 
 departments of sjiecial work — the Dorcas Committee, the Flower 
 Mission, Jail and Alms House Visitation, and Religious Work. The 
 
 I'nion was organized five years ago. Miss Annie L. Thompson, the 
 President, is also Superintendent of the New York State Flower 
 Mission, which every week sends to New York City vast quantities 
 of llowcrs, fruit, clothing, etc., f<jr distribution among the poor of 
 
 YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION PARLOR— 150 Brc.ad/.ay. 
 
 Xew York. She has five times been a delegate to the State Conven- 
 tion of the V. \V. C. T. U., and twice to the National Convention 
 at Chicago and Atlanta. The other officers are Mrs. Milton D. Sey- 
 mour, Recording Secretary; Miss Elliott, Corresponding Secretary; 
 Miss Frances A. Ritchie. Treasurer. 
 
 MONTGOMERY STREET, 
 Looking North ffom Ne.ir Clinton Street 
 
 t£^ 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 The Courts and Those Who Practice Before Them. 
 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 INCE the erection of the present County of Orange in 
 179S, courts have been held alternately at Newburgh 
 and Goshen. Previous to that time the Town of New- 
 burgh was included in Ulster County, of which Kingston 
 was and still is the county-seat. Goshen was a half-shire 
 town of the old County of Orange, and terms of courts 
 were held there alternately with Orangetown (now in 
 Goshen is a small village about twenty 
 
 Rockland County) from 1727 
 
 miles from Newburgh, and derives its chief importance from the 
 presence of the county offices there. 
 
 The court houses now in use at Newburgh and Goshen were 
 erected by the present county in 1S41 as the result of a compromise 
 
 The Recorder's Court is held at Police Headquarters. There are also 
 two Justices of the Peace. The Law Library Association has an ex- 
 cellent library in the Brewster Building. 
 
 The Bar of Newburgh has commanded respect for its wisdom, 
 eloquence, power and influence. The names of many of the lawyers 
 of the place in time past have been engraved upon the institutions 
 of the country, and their memory is preciovis to posterity'. Others 
 brovight commanding talent, masterly erudition and exalted purity 
 to the bench, to the halls of Congress, and the Legislature, and were 
 deservedly honored in their day and generation. And still others 
 whom we might name who have more recently passed from the scenes 
 of their struggles and triumphs, and whose remembrance is still fresh 
 
 COURT HOUSE. 
 
 on the question of erecting a new county with Newburgh as the 
 county-seat. This question has been agitated from time to time for 
 many years. The Newburgh Court House was erected from plans 
 of Thornton JI. Niven, and cost 813,000. The basement is occupied 
 in part by cells, to which prisoners are committed from the poHce 
 courts in this city and neighboring towns. The building stands in an 
 open square bounded by Grand, Liberty, Second and Third Streets. 
 The lands on the north, west and south of the building are owned by 
 the city. Terms of the Circuit Court and Court of Oyer and Terminer 
 are held in Newburgh twice each year, the County Court twice each 
 year, Surrogate's Court one day in each week, and Recorder's Court 
 daily. Special terms of the Supreme Court are held one day in each 
 month. Surrogate's Court and the monthly Special terms of the 
 Supreme Court are held in the Brewster Building, in Smith Street. 
 
 to the people, were men of tried character, sterling qualities, and culti- 
 vated minds. Thus have our lawyers of to-day a rich legacy in the 
 lives and example of many of those who have gone before them. 
 Nor has this inheritance come to unworthy sons. The Bar of the 
 city is composed of men worthy of their calling — men of ability and 
 integrity, who enjoy the confidence and esteem of their fellow-citi- 
 zens, who take an interest in municipal affairs, and as public men 
 exert a favorable influence in the community. Among those eminent 
 in the profession in times past were the following ; 
 
 Phineas Mcintosh, admitted 1729. He was the tirst New- 
 Inirgh lawyer of whom we find any record. He was one of the 
 partners in the Town of Newburgh plot in 1731, and erected the 
 residence ra Liberty Street known for many years as the Mcintosh 
 house. [157] 
 
158 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 John Alsop, admitted 1734. He lived in New Windsor, and re- 
 moved from tlie county about 1744. His son, John Alsop, jr., was a 
 member of the Colonial Congress of 1776, but resigned ou the adop- 
 tion of the Declaration of Independence. His daughter was the 
 mother of Governor John A. King. 
 
 John Chambers, admitted 1735. He was the sonof WiUiam Cham- 
 bers, who obtained the patent for lands on the south side of Quassaick 
 Creek in 1712. He removed to New York, and was appointed member 
 of the Governor's Council (1752-63). and Associate Judge of the 
 Supreme Court (1751-66.) 
 
 Cadwallader Colden, jr., of Coldenham, son of Governor Colden, 
 was admitted to the bar in 1753. 
 
 George Clinton, admitted 1767. He was the first Governor of the 
 State of New York, and died while Vice-President of the United 
 States. 
 
 Phineas Bowman, admitted 1790. He served in the war of the 
 Revolution as captain of a Massachusetts regiment, and settled here 
 after the disbandment of the army. He was a man of high attain- 
 ments and rose rapidly in his profession. In 1798, while a member of 
 the Legislature, he secured the passage of the law erecting the 
 present County of Orange. 
 
 Jonathan Fisk, admitted iSoo. He was born in New Hampshire, 
 in 1773, studied law in New York Cit}', and came to Newburgh in 
 Februarj', iSoo. In iSog he was elected Representative in Congress, 
 and again in 1814. From 1815 to 1820 he was United States Attorney 
 for the Southern District of New York. The town records, the files 
 of the newspapers of his time, and his own manuscripts bear testi- 
 mony to the commanding position which he occupied and to the 
 superiority of his abilities. 
 
 Jonas Storey, admitted 1801. He was born in Norwich, Ct., 1778, 
 and came to Newburgh in early manhood. For forty years he main- 
 tained a distinguished place in his profession. 
 
 William Ross, admitted 1801. He was the son of Robert Ross, of 
 Rossville, Newburgh. He was elected member of Assembly in 1808, 
 1809, 1811, 1812, 1813, and 1S14. He was Speaker of the House in 
 1811. He served in the State Senate from 1815 to 1822. In 1811 he 
 was appointed Master in Chancery, and from 1816 to 1S19 he was a 
 member of the Council of Apportionment. 
 
 Walter Case, admittted 1802. He was a member of Congress, 
 1819-22, and Surrogate of the county, 1S23-27. 
 
 Samuel R. Betts, admitted 1810. He was circuit judge in 1823. 
 
 General Gilbert O. Fowler, admitted 1810. He was the son of 
 Dr. David Fowler, of Newburgh, and was graduated from Colum- 
 bia College. He was appointed Master in Chancery 1816; judge of 
 Orange Common Pleas 1828 and 1833. In November, 1833, he was 
 elected to the Legislature and was instrumental in securing the 
 passage of the charter of the Highland Bank, and the charter of 
 the Delaware and Hudson Railroad. He was elected President of 
 the Highland Bank at its organization, and served in that position 
 till his death. He held several important military commissions. 
 
 David W. Bate, admitted 1811. He was born in Shawangunk 
 and was an officer in the war of 1812-15. On his return from the 
 army he formed a partnership with William Ross (Ross & Bate) and 
 resumed the practice of his profession. He subsequently formed a 
 partnership with Thomas McKissock. In 1847 he was elected County 
 Judge. 
 
 Samuel W. Eager, admitted 1813. He was a native of Mont- 
 gomery, and moved to Newburgh. He was justice of the peace, 
 postmaster and poUce justice of Newburgh, and Member of Congress 
 in 1850. He wrote the " History of Orange County," in 1847. 
 
 Peter F. Hunn, admitted 1814. He was born in New Jersey, 
 1794, and graduated at Columbia College. His father having receiv- 
 ed the appointment of cashier in the Bank of Newburgh (181 1) he 
 came to Newburgh and entered the office of Jonathan Fisk. When 
 admitted to the bar he removed to Sullivan County, and was subse- 
 quently Surrogate, Master in Chancery and District Attorney of that 
 county. He returned to Newburgh in 1837, and practiced his pro- 
 fession till his death. He possessed varied talents and attainments. 
 
 Thomas McKissock, admitted 1818. He was born in Montgom- 
 ery in 1790, and studied law with Ross & Bate. Subsequently for 
 
 many years he was the partner of Judge Bate, under the firm name 
 of Bate & McKissock. He was appointed Judge of the Supreme 
 Court in 1847, to close up the business of that court under the old 
 constitution; and in 1849 he was elected to the United States House 
 of Representatives. Very few men enjoyed more fully the confidence 
 of the people, and there was none to whose legal opinions greater 
 deference was paid. 
 
 Hon. John W. Brown was born at Dundee, Scotland, October 
 II, 1796, and died in Newburgh September 6, 1875. His father was 
 a miller, and left Scotland with his family for this country when 
 John was about five years of age, taking up his residence first in Put- 
 nam County. He remained there but a short time, however, and 
 removing to Newburgh engaged in the flouring business in that 
 part of the place then known as New Mills. The lad eariy showed 
 a strong inclination for study, and received a common-school educa- 
 tion here. Leaving school, he entered the law office of Jonathan 
 
 HON. JOHN W. BROWN. 
 
 Fisk, one of the ablest members of the Orange County Bar at that 
 time, and was admitted to the practice of law in 1822. 
 
 At about this time he became conspicuously active in most pub- 
 lie matters of local interest. As early as 1817 he with others was 
 instrumental in forming a military company known as "The Bell 
 Button Corps," from the buttons worn on their uniform. In 1824-26 
 he was colonel of the militia of the district. 
 
 Soon after his admission to the Bar he was elected Justice of the 
 Peace, and in the list of Trustees of the Village of Newburgh we find 
 his name recorded as Clerk of the Board from 1821 to 1825 inclusive. 
 In 1S32 he was elected to represent the district in Congress, and was 
 re-elected in 1S34. In 1846 he was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of the State. 
 
 He was a jurist of eminence and distinguished ability. One of 
 the celebrated cases in which he was engaged as counsel was the 
 famous fourth trial of Polly Bodine, of Staten Island, on the charge 
 of murder. It caused great excitement throughout the eastern por- 
 tion of the State. Judge Brown was one of the counsel for the de- 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 159 
 
 powerful advocacy in securing her 
 
 fendant, and succeeded by his 
 acquittal. 
 
 As a poUtician he was of wide influence in the counsels of his 
 party. He was noted as a poUtical speaker, and his famous contest in 
 the Polk and Dallas campaign of 1S44 with General Leslie Combs, of 
 Kentucky, was but one of the many brilliant achievements of his 
 career. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he took a decided stand as 
 a war Democrat. 
 
 In November, 1S49, he was elected Justice of the Supreme Court 
 for the Second Judicial District, and at the expiration of the term of 
 eight years he was re-elected, so that he occupied that position sixteen 
 years in aU. In addition to his duties in this capacity he served as 
 associate Justice of the Court of Appeals during the la'stvear of each 
 of his two terms as Supreme Court Justice. Distinguished as he 
 was as an advocate, he was far more distinguished as a judge. One 
 of his decisions which made a great stir at the time was that declaring 
 unconstitutional the canal loan bill. 
 
 Personally, he was gentleman of the old school. Steadfast integ- 
 nty characterized all his dealings with his fellow-men. He appre- 
 ciated the value of money, and his charges for legal services were 
 always moderate, else abundant v,-ealth, instead of a simple compe- 
 tence, would have resulted from his large practice. A strong man 
 when aroused in any emergency — one who could sway a jury or awe 
 a mob — he was remarkably kind and sensiti\e. 
 
 Judge Brown left written directions for his funeral, and the entire 
 ser^•ice connected therewith was in accordance with the noble simplic- 
 ity of his whole life. The services were held at his residence, con- 
 ducted by the Rev. \V. K. Hall, D. D., and were very brief and 
 very simple, consisting only of the reading of a few passages of 
 scripture and a prayer. 
 
 His son, William R., is at present Warden of Sing Sing Prison. 
 The other son, Hon. Charles F. Brown, adopted his father's pro- 
 fession, became District Attorney of the county. County Judge, 
 Supreme Court Judge, and is now, by special appointment of the 
 Governor, a member of the Second Division of the Court of Appeals. 
 
 James G. Clinton, admitted 1S25. He was the son of General 
 James CUnton, of Xew Windsor, and half-brother to DeWitt Clinton. 
 He was Master in Chancery, and Representative in Congress. He 
 died Jlaj^ 28, 1S49, in his forty-fifth vear. 
 
 William C. Hasbrouck, admitted 1S26. He was born in iSoo, and 
 graduated from Union College. In early life he was principal of ;in 
 academy in Tennessee, and of the Farmers' Hall Academy, at 
 Goshen. He completed his legal studies with William Ross, of New- 
 burgh, and rose rapidly to high rank in his profession. He was fre- 
 quently nominated for offices, but his party being in the minority he 
 was never elected but once, when he was sent to the Assembly, and 
 there was chosen Speaker of the body. He was a man of high bear- 
 ing, spotless character, and a chivalric sense of honor and duty. 
 
 Hon. John James Monell was one of the most prominent men of 
 his time in this section. A successful practitioner at the bar, active 
 in politics, in education, and in all matters of public interest, an able 
 speaker and writer, he filled an important place in the community. 
 He was the eldest child of Samuel and Elvira Monell. His birth 
 was near Coldenham, in this county, February 24, 1813. There was 
 nothing in his boyhood to note, except the marked purity of his 
 morals. He was prepared for college by that eminent scholar and 
 mighty preacher, the Rev. James R. Willson, D. D., and was gradu- 
 ated at Union College in 1833. He then came to the village of 
 Xewburgh and studied law in the office of Hon. John W. Brown, and 
 was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court in 1837. He went out 
 into his profession with deep earnestness, and rose to high respecta- 
 bility at a time when the bar of Orange County was illustrious for its 
 ability. He retired from active practice at a comparatively early age, 
 choosing rather to act as a counsellor and to manage important trusts. 
 It was through him that the New York //("r^/^ premises were sold 
 to James Gordon Bennett, and he was called in as adviser to William 
 
 Cullen Bryant in his later years, becoming after^vard the President 
 of the Evening Post Association. He never held any public office ex- 
 cept that of County Judge for a single term, to which he was elected 
 m 1859, though he had been a candidate for the Thirtieth Congress. 
 His early political life was among the Democrats, his latter with the 
 Republicans: but his object first and last was the good of his country. 
 He beheved in party action without being a partisan. In all things 
 he followed the cUctates of his judgment and conscience. 
 
 The lawyer's arguments are seldom pubHshed, and the memory 
 of them soon passes away; but whatever he does for the upbuilding 
 of the community in which he is, lives on. Judge Monell took a large 
 part in so many things that were for the good and prosperity of this 
 city, that he cannot pass out of memory. He was one of the rir- 
 ganizers of the Union Presbyterian Church, of the present free 
 school system, the gas light company, the savings bank, the Quas- 
 saick Bank, the alms house, and our earlier railroad corporations, 
 and filled important places in them all. He was the associate of 
 
 HON. JOHN J. MONELL. 
 
 Enoch Carter in securing to tlie State the old Headquarters, at the 
 dedication of which lie delivered un eloquent address. He took an 
 active part in founding the old Newburgh Library, and subsequently 
 the Mechanics' Library. Indeed, there was no undertaking of a public 
 nature occurring in the period of his activity in which he did not have 
 a part. He gave much of his time and energy to the various railroads 
 and turnpikes which were iiuilt or projected, and many will remem- 
 ber liis able address at the opening of the Short Cut Railroad. 
 
 His rare gifts as a public speaker made his services largely sought 
 for on almost every occasion of public interest. In the public debates on 
 various exciting political and social questions he was almost ,aUvavs a 
 participant, ami an adroit and skillful chamijion of the cause he es- 
 poused. So, too, he was often heard upon national anniversaries as 
 well as at the Ijar and in political assemblies. His fine presence, bright 
 blue eyes, his clear, sonorous voice, his fertile fancy, his ready com- 
 mand of language— all combined to make him attractive and popular 
 as a public speaker. His published addresses were very carefullv 
 prepared, and we sec in them clearness, force and rhetorical lieauty. 
 
i6o 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 stormy as were the scenes in which Judge Monell acted in law and 
 politics, he was happy in his social life. " His home was a little jjar- 
 adise." He built "The Glen" before his marriage. There he 
 brought the wife of his young manhood. She was Jlary E. Smith, of 
 Connecticut. Her mother was a Goodrich , a sister of ' ' Peter Parley. " 
 She had the genius of a poet, and wrote the patriotic ode which «as 
 sung at the dedication of Washington's Headquarters. Andrew J. 
 Downing lived but a short distance away; he made his abode beauti- 
 ful, and drew to him many admirers. His wife was Caroline E. 
 DeWint, daughter of John Peter DeWint, of Fishkill, whose mother 
 was the grand-daughter of President John Adams. The two friends 
 had their frequent meetings, and the two households were as one. 
 Mrs. Monell and Mr. Downing died, and subsequently Judge Monell 
 and Mrs. Downing married, and moved (about 1865) to the opposite 
 shore of the Hudson, where they enjoyed many happy years at their 
 country .seat " Eustatia." But he still continued his interest in the 
 welfare of Newburgh, and was almost a daily visitor here. 
 
 Judge Monell had always blended somewhat of literary labor with 
 his professional work, and he naturally sought the society of literary 
 people. It was not, therefore, strange that as he withdrew from the 
 practice of his profession this literary taste increased, and that he 
 numbered among his warmest friends such authors as Downing, 
 Headley, Cook, Lossing, Bryant, Curtis, Park Godwin and James 
 Freeman Clarke. The love of Revolutionary history had then taken 
 a hold on him. There were still living officers and soldiers of the Rev- 
 olution, from whose lips he heard the stories of other times. In his 
 little volume "Washington's Headquarters, Newburgh," there is 
 much of historical value. He watched closely the approach of the 
 centennial years. He presided at the centennial meeting at Fishkill, 
 April 19, 1S76; he gave a stirring address at the centennial meeting 
 in Newburgh, April 19, 1SS3; he was chairman of the Fishkill cen- 
 tennial committee, and presided at the celebration in old Fishkill 
 June 2. 1SS3. He wrote a patriotic letter for the New Windsor cele- 
 bration a little later, and hkewise noted with thoughtfulness the cen- 
 tennial in this citv. 
 
 Judge Monell died April 22, 1S85, aged 72, and his remains lie 
 buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery. Mrs. Monell and Mi.ss Mary E. Mo- 
 nell (a daughter of the first marriage) still reside at " Eustatia." 
 
 William FuUerton, admitted 1S40. After practicing his profession 
 for a number of years in Newburgh he removed to New York, where 
 he was associated with Charies O'Conor, and from that point has 
 risen to the highest rank at the bar in that city, but he still retains 
 his residence in Newburgh. 
 
 Stephen W. FuUerton, admitted 1S44. He won great distinction at 
 the Orange County Bar, and filled the offices of District Attorney and 
 County Judge. For a number of years he was associated with Charles 
 H. Van Wyck, afterwards United States Senator from Nebraska. A 
 number of years ago Mr. FtiUerton removed his business headquar- 
 ters from Newburgh to New York, where he has acquired renown m 
 his profession. 
 
 The members of the Ijar in this city at the present time are as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Anthony, Walter C. 
 Barclay, David 
 Brewster, Eugene A. 
 Brewster, Eugene A., Jr. 
 Cassedy, Abrani S. ) 
 
 Cassedy, William F. ;- 
 A. S. & W. F. Cassedy ) 
 Cassedy, Frank H. 
 Chattcrton, Charles L. ( 
 Round & Chattcrton, j' 
 Dickey, William D. 
 Dimmick, Samuel E. 
 Esmond, Darwin W. / 
 Esmond & Ward, \ 
 Fowler, Nehemiah 
 Goldsmith, John K. 
 Graham James G. 
 Graham James G., Jr. 
 Gardner, John M. 
 Headley, Russel 
 Hirschberg, M. H. 
 
 Hyndman, William H. 
 Johnston, Arthur M. 
 Ketcham, Reeve 
 Lceper, Joseph M. 
 McCIung Benjamin, ) 
 Strahan & McClung, 1' 
 McCroskery, Lewis \V. Y. 
 Mullenneaux, M. H. 
 Roosa, Elmer E. 
 Round, Seward U. f 
 Round & Chattcrton, f 
 Seegcr, A. H. F. 
 Shafer, Jesse F. 
 Sterrit, L. S. 
 Strahan, James L. ( 
 Strahan & McClung, f 
 Taylor, Grant B. 
 Thornton, Howard 
 Waring, C. L. 
 Ward, Warner E. L. ( 
 Esmond & M^ard. f 
 
 HON. JAMES G. GRAHAM was born at Shawangunk, Ulster 
 County, N. Y., October 29, 1821. His ancestors were originally 
 Scotch, but he is descended from a branch of the family that emigrat- 
 to the North of Ireland; representatives of the family fought in the 
 battle of the Boyne. His great-grandfather came to America and 
 settled at Shawangunk about 1725, and is buried in the churchyard 
 at St. Andrews. His grandfather, Dr. James G, Graham, during the 
 Revolution served in detachments that were called out to repel the 
 attacks of Indians and Tories on the settlements of the west side of 
 the Shawangunk mountains, and was afterward a member of the 
 State Senate for eight years. His maternal grandfather, Alexander 
 McKay, was a Revolutionary soldier, and fought in the defense of 
 Fort Montgomery. His father was George G. Graham, M. D., an 
 eminent physician and citizen of Ulster; for many years he was the 
 Supervisor of his town, a Member of Assembly in 1S40, and a delegate 
 to the Constitutional Convention in 184(1. 
 
 James G. Graham attended the common schools of his native 
 town, was fitted for college at the Newburgh Academy, and gradu- 
 ated from Columbia College in 1S40. Early in Hfe he manifested a 
 preference for the profession of law, and on completing his literary 
 education he entered the office of Bate & McKissock, one of the lead- 
 ing law firms in 
 Newbtirgh , to be- 
 gin his studies for 
 the bar. He was 
 admitted in 1S43, 
 and at once enter- 
 ed upon the prac- 
 tice of his profes- 
 sion in the County 
 of Ulster, with an 
 office at Shawan- 
 gunk. His success 
 was immediate and 
 pronounced. ^\ hard 
 student, he master- 
 ed the foundations 
 and framework of 
 law, as he has since 
 explored the ' 'great 
 streams and cur- 
 rents and tides of 
 authority." 
 
 He gained re- 
 pute not only as a 
 safe counselor, but 
 the natural oratori- 
 cal power and in- 
 tense inborn patri- 
 otism that have 
 ornamented, and 
 
 even directed, his whole career, were unconsciouslv exhibited in 
 his eariiest public addresses, ^\•hile yet but a young man he was fre- 
 quently requested to speak on important occasions, and to lecture be- 
 fore literary and benevolent societies. In 1S44 he spoke in everv town 
 m Ulster in the interest of Henry Clay, and four years later,' when 
 but twenty-seven years old, he was elected to the State Assembly. 
 During the Rebellion he was an unfaltering and uncompromising sup- 
 porter of the Union cause, and at many recruiting meetings in both 
 Orange and Ulster his patriotic utterances fired the hearts of the men 
 who became their country's defenders. He was the attorney of the 
 Wallkill Valley Railroad during its construction, and addressed pub- 
 lic meetings at Kingston, Rondout, Saugerties and New Paltz in its 
 interest. 
 
 In 1S66 he was returned to the Assembly from Ulster County. It 
 was in that year, to find larger opportunities for professional practice, 
 that he came to Newburgh. Ten years later he was sent to the As- 
 sembly from this county, and again the following year. Mr. Graham's 
 legislative career has been useful and honorable; he was a member of 
 the leading committee. Ways and Means, at three different sessions; 
 
 HON. JAMES G. GRAHAM, 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 [6i 
 
 he served as Chairman of the Committee on Insurance and on General 
 Laws, and was also a member of the Judiciary and other important 
 committees. 
 
 Of the State Homoeopathic Asylum at Middletown he was selected 
 for a Trustee in 1S73, and has held the position ever since, the only 
 survdvors of the Board to which he was first appointed being Hon. 
 Grinnell Burt, and Hon. M. D. Stivers. He was named as a Trustee 
 of Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh in 1S74, and has con- 
 tinued a member, and its secretary, ever since. At the organization 
 of the Newburgh and Shawangunk Plank Road Company in 1852, he 
 was elected a Director, and for several years past he has been its 
 President, ^^^len the Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the 
 Highlands was formed in 1SS4 he was one of its incorporators, its 
 President for two years and now a "\'ice-President. 
 
 He was Corporation Counsel in 1S73 and '74, and again from 1SS5 
 to '90. With JI. H. Hirschberg and A. S. Cassedy he was appointed 
 on a committee to revise the City Charter; and after several months' 
 labor they reported a new charter, containing provisions for important 
 changes in the plan of municipal government; their report was 
 adopted by the Council, and the charter sent to the Legislature for 
 enactment. During the Centennial Celebration in this city in 1883, 
 he was chairman of the General Reception Committee, composed of 
 foremost citizens of the place. 
 
 Judge Graham is distinguished in his profession, and out of it, as 
 an orator. No other man of his time in the county has achieved 
 greater popularity in that respect. Multitudes have heard his voice 
 at many eventful celebrations; and in public halls, at the bar and in 
 the sacred temple his words, grave or gay, always evince the thought- 
 ful, comprehensive and scholarly mind. His orations at the several 
 Centennial Celebrations of 1SS3, at the farewell to the Old Academy 
 and at the dedication of the New, at the dedication of the Moffat Li- 
 brary at "Washingtonville, his address on Patrick Henry, and his 
 eiilogies of Winfield, Gedney and Scott, may be taken as typical pro- 
 ductions — earnest, graceful, picturesque. Fluent in speech, rich in 
 poetic expression, graceful in compliment, his sentences measured 
 and rh>-thmical, he is a wonder-worker in words. Judge Graham, as 
 we have tried to show, is a man of the times, and helpful to his com- 
 munitv, fiUing a place few others could fill. His has been in truth a 
 well-spent life and an honorable career, and he has earned the esteem 
 of his fellows, and he can look back upon many a "word fitly 
 spoken," which have been indeed "apples of gold in pictures of 
 silver." 
 
 Mr. Graham's wife is Margaret J., daughter of Israel Knapp, 
 formerly of Walden, Orange County. They have two children, 
 James Gilbert and Helen C. 
 
 Thereto he has applied himself with singleness of purpose, eravmg, 
 seemingly, honor in no other field. Because of his great learning in 
 the law and the clearness of his vision into legal intricacies, his long 
 experience in connection with many important cases, and his unyield- 
 ing, even stern integrity, there is none but will accord him the chief 
 place among his fellows as a wise counselor and safe defender. 
 
 June I, 1859, he married Anna W., youngest daughter of the late 
 Rev. Dr. Brown. They have two sons and one daughter living. 
 
 Mr. Brewster has served on the Board of Alms House Commis- 
 sioners, on the Board of Education, at different times, fourteen years, 
 and for a short time on the Board of Trustees of Washington's Head- 
 quarters. He has been for many years the coun,sel of the Alms House 
 Board, and is now Corporation Counsel. He drew up the original 
 City Charter, and explained and defended it at a public meeting in 
 January, 1865. He strove unsuccessfully to include the so-called 
 " fifth ward." With some alterations it was passed by the Legisla- 
 ture in April, 1865 He successfully resisted in the courts the attempts 
 
 EUGENE A. BREWSTER was born in the City of New York, 
 April 13, 1827. His father was Timothy Brewster, a member of the 
 family of that name now numerously represented in Connecticut, on 
 Long Island, and in Rockland and Orange Counties. Timothy 
 Brewster and family came to Newburgh in 183 1, and until his death, 
 in 1836, carried on the lumber business at the foot of Fifth Street, and 
 a store at the corner of Water and Fourth Streets. In 1S36 the fam- 
 ily moved to West Troy, where they remained about two years, re- 
 turning in 1839 to Newburgh, where Mr. Brewster has ever since re- 
 sided. 
 
 Mrs. Juliet Brewster, the mother, resided here till her death in 1881, 
 at the age of eighty-eight. She was a woman of energetic character 
 and good judgment, and was greatly beloved. Her son's only school- 
 ing was for a few years in the Newburgh High School, of which Or- 
 ville M. Smith was principal. It stood on the spot where School No. 
 2 now stands. That higher education which has won him renown in 
 his profession was acquired by unceasing private study. After 
 being first a pupil and then an assistant teacher at the High School 
 (till August, 1843,) he entered the law office of the Hon. John W. 
 Brown. In 1848 he was admitted to practice as attorney and coun- 
 selor; in 1850 he formed a partnership with Nathan Reeve, which 
 continued till 1855, since which time he has had no business partner. 
 His life has been chiefly devoted to the practice of the law. 
 
 EUGENE A. BREWSTER. 
 
 made in 1870 to bond the city for $500,000 in aid of the Midland Rail- 
 road. He has always advocated the formation of a new county, with 
 Newburgh for the county seat. In connection with Enoch Carter, 
 Thomas C. Ring, Major Sherman, Dr. N. Deyo, Peter Ward and J. 
 J. S. McCroskery, he took part in the formation of Cedar Hill Ceme- 
 tery Association, and has ever since been a trustee and officer. He 
 has been a director of the National Bank of Newburgh ever since its 
 first organization, and is the only one of the original Board now in of- 
 fice. He has been a member of the vestry of St. George's Church 
 about twenty-five years and is now Junior Warden. He has always 
 acted with the Democratic party. 
 
 WILLIAM D. DICKEY was born in Newburgh, January 11, 
 1845. His father, William Dickey, was for many years a prominent 
 mason and builder. After graduating from the Newburgh Academy, 
 and Mt. Retirement Seminary, at Deckertown, N. J., in 1S61, he 
 began the study of law in the office of Scott & Drake. He left his 
 
l62 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 studies in Jlay, 1S62, joining the 19th Regiment of this city, and 
 served with it first as a private and afterward as sergeant, for the 
 term of three months. Retiu'ning liomc, he resumed his law studies, 
 
 in the great procession at the Newburgh Centennial in 1883, and was 
 Marshal of the Second Division. 
 
 He was Corporation Counsel in 1872, 1878 and 1879. For several 
 years he was Marshal of Hudson River Lodge, F. & A. M. As a citi- 
 zen he has been spirited and enterprising, always ready to contribute 
 of his time, talents and means to the advancement of the public in- 
 terest and the general good. On all local questions of the times his 
 views receive the highest consideration. In partnership with his 
 brother Joseph M. , he conducted one of the greatest operations in real 
 estate in the history of the city, and which in an inestimable degree 
 contributed to the material advancement and prosperity of the place. 
 This enterprise concerned the opening up of the Washington Heights 
 section of the city, referred to at length elsewhere in this volume. The 
 enterprise, foresight and courage of the man were here manifested, in 
 that he accepted an opportunity, and is successfully carrymg out a 
 project, which older and wealthier, but less discerning citizens, ne- 
 glected, or dared not attempt. 
 
 Colonel Dickty was married in June, 1868, to Kate W., daughter 
 (jf Theodore Richmond, of Newburgh, and has four children, Frank 
 R., Annie L. , Kate G. and Henrietta E. 
 
 COLONEL WILLIAM D. DICKEY. 
 
 but a week later again went into the service, this time as a Second 
 Lieutenant in the i6Sth Regiment, New York Volunteers. He 
 sen.-ed for the term of nine months, AVas promoted to be First Lieu- 
 tenant, and then was commissioned Captain in the 
 15th New York Artillery. He continued in the army 
 to the close of the war, and participated in about 
 twenty general engagements, including the battles 
 of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and 
 the Weldon Railroad, besides numerous skirmishes. 
 He was promoted to the rank of Major (May 11, 1S65), 
 and for '• gallant and meritorious services" the Presi- 
 dent conferred on him the brevets of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel and Colonel. At the Battle of the Weldon 
 Railroad he was for a time in command of a brigade, 
 all of his superior officers having been killed or 
 wounded. 
 
 He was only twenty years of age when he return- 
 ed from the war, in the Fall of 1865. Within a week 
 after his arrival home he entered the Albany Law 
 School. After his graduation, in the following Spring, 
 he commenced, in his native city, the practice of his 
 profession, which he has ever since pursued with great 
 success and honor. His natural talents for his caUing, 
 his keen insight into the law, his commanding presence, 
 indomitable energy and absolute fearlessness quickly 
 earned the respect of his brethren at the bar and gave 
 great weight to his opinions with the court. He was 
 elected Colonel of the 19th Regiment of the State 
 militia June 17, 1868, and filled the position till the 
 disbandment of the regiment in 1876. Colonel Dickey 
 was a member of the Committee on Military, having 
 in charge the arrangements for the military divisions 
 
 HON. ABRAM S. CASSEDY is the grandson of Archibald Cas- 
 sedy, who emigrated from the north of Ireland about the time of the 
 Revolution, and became one of the pioneer settlers of Rockland 
 County, in this State. He was imbued with the indomitable industrj' 
 and moral principles characteristic of the Scotch-Irish, and became a 
 successful and respected member of the community. His son Archi- 
 bald engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits, and married 
 Lydia Gumee, daughter of Judge Gumee, of Rockland County, who 
 was of French descent. They lived at Ramapo, where Abram S. 
 was born November 29, 1833. 
 
 He received an academical education, graduating in his twentieth 
 year from the State Normal School. He studied law with Judge Wil- 
 liam F. Fraser, at Clarkstown, N. Y., and with Wilkin & Gott, at 
 Goshen, N. Y., and was admitted to practice in 1857. Dr. Charles 
 Drake was then County Clerk, and Mr. Cassedy was by him appoint- 
 ed Deputy County Clerk, and filled the position for two }-ears. Then 
 for the next four years he was clerk of the Board of Supervisors of 
 Orange County, which met annually at Goshen. Meanwhile, in 1S59, 
 he moved to this city and entered upon the practice of his profes- 
 
 RESIDENCE OF COLONEL WILLIAM D. DICKEY. 
 Corner of Bay View Terrace and Overlook Place-Washington Heights. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 163 
 
 sion. In 1S62 he was elected District Attorney <.f tlie County on the 
 Democratic ticket, and served three years. In iSi,,, lie formed a 
 partnership with Charles F. Brown, son of Hon. |r>hn W. lirown, 
 and the firm of Cassedy & Brown aeiiuired a"lar;<e clientage.' 
 
 m l^ 
 
 Hj[. ABRA-il S. CASSECr. 
 
 The partnership continued till Mr. Brown became a Judge of 
 the Supreme Court. Since 1SS6 he has 1)een in partnership with 
 his son W. F. Cassedy, under the firm name of A. S. & W. F. 
 Cassedy. In 1574 Mr. Cassedy commenced a term in the Board of 
 Education, and ser^'ed one year as its President; he declined the nom- 
 ination for a second term. In 1875-78 he was Corporation Counsel. 
 
 In 1S80 he was nominated by acclamation by his party for Mayor, 
 and was elected by a large majority. During his term the Quassaick 
 Creek bridge was built, the West Shore Railroad was building, and 
 the first steps were taken to perfect arrangements for the Centennial 
 celebration. He has been urged to accept nominations for both the 
 Legislature and Congress, but has hitherto declined. Mr. Cassedy 
 has been a Director and the attorney of the Ouassaick National Bank 
 for over sixteen years. He has been and still is the owner of consid- 
 erable real estate in Newburgh and St. Pan!. In conjunction with 
 E. T. Skidmore he bought the A. J. Downing property of ex-Mayor 
 Carson in 1889, and on a portion of this he has erected recently a 
 handsome residence for himself. Cassedy & Brown represented in 
 part the Erie Railroad in this county, and they were attorneys at 
 Newburgh for the North River Construction Company, which built 
 the West Shore Railroad. They paid out about 8700,000 for the 
 Company in procuring the right of way throu.gh the city and imme- 
 diate vicinity. He was local attorney for the "West Sh<jre, and after- 
 ward for the Receivers. In October, 1885, he was appointed by the 
 Court, Referee in the matter of the foreclosure sale of the West .Shore 
 Railroad, and in November of that year sold the road at the New- 
 burgh Court House for $22,000,000, and distributed the proceeds 
 among the creditors. It is worthy of mention that in making this 
 distribution he issued one check for Si, 068, 000, and three others for 
 more than half a million dollars each. Since then he has represented 
 
 the New York Central and Hudson River Company Railroad in 
 ( )range County. Mr. Cassedy is an able lawyer, painstaking and 
 conscientious in all his acts, and has won in a marked degree the 
 conhdence (jf the community. 
 
 He married Margaret J., daughter of Dr. Charles Drake, of New- 
 burgh, in 1S61. His younger son, Frank H., is practicing law in 
 Newburgh on his own account. 
 
 NEHEMIAH FOWLER, Justice of the Peace, is of English an- 
 cestry, and a descendant of Isaac Fowler, who settled in the Town of 
 Newburgh in 1747. He is a son of Daniel W. and Lucretia A. Fowler. 
 
 Mr. Fowler was born October 13, 1S44, in Newburgh, and soon 
 afterward his parents removed to the country, where his early life 
 was spent on his father's farm. In 1S64 he commenced the study of 
 law with James B. Beveridge; the next year he entered the Albany 
 Law Suliool and was graduated in 1866; since then he has practiced 
 his ]irofessi(in in Newburgh. He became a studious and painstaking 
 lawyer and soon came into notice as a trustworthy man. 
 
 In iSoS he was appointed a Justice of the Peace to till a vacancy, 
 and appointed a second time in 18S5. The following year he was 
 nominated and elected to this office as the candidate of the Repubhcan 
 party, and in 1S90 re-elected f(.>r another term of four years by 2,269 
 majority over the Prohibition candidate — the Democrats declining to 
 nominate a candidate against him. His decisions have always been 
 regarded as sound, and none has ever been reversed upon appeal. 
 
 Mr. Fowder is counsel for the Newburgh .Society for the Pre\'ention 
 of Crueltj' to Animals, and has been their counsel continuously since 
 its organization in October, 1876. He was a charter member of Storm 
 King Lodge, No. 11, Knights of Pythias, of this city, at its institution 
 in 1869; early in the history of the Lodge he passed through its chairs, 
 and became Past Chancellor; and for twelve years has been Keeper 
 of Records and Seal. He always retained his membership in said 
 Lodge and enjoys the distinction of being the oldest Knight (in point 
 of membership) in 
 Newburgh. He has 
 represented his 
 Lodge for several 
 years in the Grand 
 Lodge of the State 
 of New York. He 
 served one term as 
 District Deputy 
 Grand Chancellor, 
 during the years 
 iSSo-Si;and, at the 
 session of the 
 Grand Lr>dge held 
 July, r^oi, that 
 honur was again 
 conferred on him 
 in his appointment 
 as Deputy of the 
 20th District, coni- 
 posed of the 
 Lod,ges in New- 
 burgh, Cornwall 
 and Highland Falls 
 At the instituticjn 
 of North River 
 Lodge, No. 12 ?S, 
 Knights of Honor, 
 of this city, on 
 October 3, 187S, 
 
 he became a charter member, and has continued therein ever since; 
 he has bix-ii Reporter of the Lodge since 1S79. lie was created a 
 Past Dictator liy the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, at its 
 session held at EJmira, X. Y., in 1886. Mr. Fowler reported the pro- 
 eeedin.gs of the Board of Supervisors of ( )range County during the 
 session of 1886 for the press of Orange Count\-. 
 
 NEHEMIAH FOWLER. 
 
164 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Mr. Fowler married Nancy M. Merrill, daughter of Nathaniel 
 Merrill, of Albany, N. Y., in 1868; has a son at Cornell University 
 and a daughter at the State Normal College at Albany, N. Y. 
 
 public-: 
 Board. 
 
 L'hool system. For several years he was President of the 
 During that period (Jramraar School No. 2 and the Library 
 
 MICHAEL H. HIRSCHBERG is a native of Newburgh, and was 
 born April 13, 1847. The first principles of his education were re- 
 ceived in the public schools of this city. At the age of ten he was 
 sent to Cincinnati, where he attended a public school for one j-ear. 
 During the two years foUowmg he was a student at a private institu- 
 tion in New York city. Returning to Newburgh, he entered the 
 Academy, and was graduated in 1862. Then a year's classical course 
 under Hugh S. Banks coinpleted his schooling. Endowed by nature 
 with brilliant talents, and with a capacity and eagerness for study, 
 the training of the schoolroom was to him but the guideboard show- 
 ing the way to that higher scholarship to which he has attained by 
 unceasing and well-directed private study. 
 
 By some strange mischance the distinguished lawyer of to-day be- 
 gan business life as a clerk in a dry goods store in Madison, Indiana. 
 ^Yhether or no he developed into a good salesman during the three 
 years thus employed does not appear; but in 1S66 we find him in his 
 proper sphere, studying law in the office of the Hon. Stephen W. Ful- 
 lerton m the city of his birth. 
 
 In May, 1868, he was admitted to the bar. In March, 1869, he 
 formed a partnership with David A. Scott, who had recently retired 
 from the office of Surrogate after eight years incumbency. It was a 
 happy combination of legal talents which these two men made to serve 
 a common purpose. The firm was successful from the beginning; 
 it continued for more than twenty years, and was dissolved only by 
 the death of Mr. Scott. 
 
 Without tracing Mr. Hirschberg's ever}' step, or attempting to set 
 a value on a career which has not yet reached its zenith, we may yet 
 indicate a few of the milestones he has passed on the way to the place 
 in the world's favor he has already reached. Under the training of a 
 FuUerton he rapidly developed into a good lawyer, and at a very early 
 age acquired a considerable practice. When only twenty-three years 
 old he was elected to the Board of Education, and was twice re-elect- 
 ed, so that for twelve years he was prommently identified with our 
 
 RESIDENCE OF HON. M. H. H I RSCH BERG— 132 Grand Street. 
 
 HON, M. H. HIRSCHBERG— District Attorney of Orange County. 
 
 building were erected. Grammar School No. i was enlarged, and the 
 colored school abolished. 
 
 In 1875 he was elected Special County Judge for three 
 years. Since Januarj-, 1890, he has been District Attorney of 
 Orange County, and during the year and a half that has passed 
 since he assumed the duties of that office he has rid the county 
 of a gang of desperadoes, and, altogether, has secured forty- 
 one convictions from forty-four indictments. 
 
 As a lawyer Jlr. Hirschberg has a high place in the estima- 
 tion of the community. Learned in law and general literature, 
 fluent, forceful and eloquent in speech, brilliant and witty in 
 repartee, he is capable either of the most profound reasoning, or 
 the most biting sarcasm. Well equipped for his profession, he 
 is ready to cross swords with the best, and is fearless of any 
 controversy. While to the masses he is best known for his 
 ability as a trial lawyer, and public speaker, he has had a large 
 general office practice. He has had much to do with the busi- 
 ness of estates, and with commercial litigation and surrogate 
 matters. As for criminal cases, he has been on one side or the 
 other of the most important trials of his time. He was defend- 
 ant's attorney in the Buck trial for assault with intent to kill, 
 the Karlson-Meeker murder case, the Cossiano murder trial, the 
 McCann murder trial, the White murder case, the Russell mur- 
 der case, and the Myers throat-cutting case. 
 
 As a public speaker he has been heard with pleasure on 
 many important occasions in the county. Besides the honors 
 conferred upon him by the RepubUcan party which we have 
 named, he was once nominated for Mayor, and once for Con- 
 gress, but both nominations he declined. He is a member of 
 the New Y'ork State Bar Association and was one of the com- 
 mittee having in charge the recent centennial celebration of the 
 U. S. Supreme Court. He is a Trustee of the Law Library 
 Association, a Director of the Associated Charities, a Director 
 of the Highland Bank, and President of the Newburgh Street 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 165 
 
 Railway Company. He was a member of the Newburgh Centennial 
 Committee of Five, and was once Master of Newburgh Lodge F. and 
 A, M. He married Elizabeth McAlles in 1S78, and has three children. 
 
 CORNELIUS L. WARING was born at Bahnville, a suburb of 
 this city, m 1S51. He studied law with Scott &■ Hirschberg, and was 
 
 admitted to the bar 
 in 1873. Not long 
 afterwards he 
 formed a partner- 
 ship with ex-Dis- 
 trict Attorney 
 Russel Headley, 
 which continued 
 till 187S, when Mr. 
 Waring was elect- 
 ed Recorder by the 
 Republican party. 
 So ably did he 
 perform the duties 
 of the office that 
 he was twice elect- 
 ed, in 1882 and 
 1 886; he declined 
 to be a candidate 
 f<jr a fourth term 
 and retired from 
 the office Decem- 
 ber 31. 1S90. Dur- 
 ing his twelve 
 years on the bench 
 he presided at 
 every session of the 
 court, with the ex- 
 ception of about 
 twenty, and dis- 
 posed of about ten thousand cases. Mr. Waring was attorney for the 
 Newburgh Street Railway Company at its organization, and secured 
 its franchise against great opposition. He 
 is Secretarj- and Attorney for the Newburgh 
 Electric Light and Power Company, and is 
 a Director of the Haverstraw Electric Light 
 Company. In 1890 he was the Counsel of 
 the Board of AVater Commissioners. He 
 has been a member of Ringgold Hose Com- 
 pany many years; he was the Representative 
 of the Company in the Fire Department 
 Fund for six years, and is now attorney of 
 that Board. 
 
 Mr. Waring has always taken an interest 
 in athletic sports, and is President of the 
 Newburgh Amateur Skating Association, 
 Vice-President of the National Amateur 
 Skating Association, a member of the Man- 
 hattan Athletic Club of New York, a mem- 
 ber of the Orange Lake Club of Newburgh, 
 and a member of the Newburgh Athletic 
 Club, and of the Newburgh Canoe and 
 Boating Association. 
 
 CORNELIUS L, WARING. 
 
 GEORGE H. CLARK was the eldest 
 son of the late George Clark, the first Mayor 
 of Newburgh. He was born in the City of 
 New York March 17, 1843. About 1854 he 
 
 removed, with his father's family, to a farm George h. clark 
 
 at Coldenham, in this county. Removing to 
 Newburgh he entered the law office of Hon. Thomas George, while 
 
 course at Princeton, from which he was graduated. He was also 
 graduated from the Albany Law School, and was admitted to the 
 bar of this State, at the latter city in the Spring of 1865. Returning 
 home he entered the law office of Hon. S. W. FuUerton, in this city, 
 but soon afterward, in 1S66, commenced the practice of law on his 
 own account. From that time until his death he occupied the offices 
 Nos. 7 and S in the Law Building, where the measure of success 
 which attended his 
 practice gave con- 
 vincing proof of his 
 talent and ability. 
 He was Corpora- 
 tion Counsel during 
 the administration 
 of Maj^or Abrara 
 S. Cassedy, and 
 was at one time at- 
 torney for the 
 Board of Alms 
 House Commis- 
 sioners for the City 
 and Town of New- 
 burgh. 
 
 He was one of 
 the founders of the 
 Woodlawn Ceme- 
 tery Association in 
 1870; he had been 
 a trustee since its 
 incorporation i n 
 October of that 
 year, he was treas- 
 urer of the Board 
 at the time of his 
 death, and he took 
 an active interest 
 m the care, man- 
 agement and control of the cemetery grounds. He was prominent 
 in the Masonic fraternity — the only secret society with which he was 
 identified. In early life he was advanced to 
 the degrees of Knighthood, but at the time 
 of his death he was a member and one of 
 nine Past Masters in Hudson River Lodge, 
 No. 607. His death created the first vacancy 
 in the circle of Past Masters. He was a Re- 
 publican in politics, and for many 5-ears was 
 a familiar personage at the conventions of 
 his party. He was a religious man, a Cal- 
 .yitiist in faith, and one of a long line in his 
 J mily of stanch supporters of the Presby- 
 J i.n Church. 
 
 1 Jeath came to him in the prime of Hfe on 
 ^....^: 2Tst day of May, 1SS8. 
 
 Mr. Clark was a man of pronounced 
 jpinions and prejudices. His convictions 
 were realities. It was therefore necessary 
 to read his life between the lines. His mind 
 was full of high principles, and he set him- 
 self to the rigid discharge of all duties in 
 life. But he could and did feel deeply for 
 others, and helped them on the pathway of 
 life. He thus endeared himself to a large 
 circle of friends by silent, helpful ministeries 
 of which the world knew nothing. Such is a 
 fair and temperate record, of a successful, 
 but not brilliant career. 
 
 LTpon a beautiful knoll in Woodlawn, 
 touched early and late by the rising 
 and his revered father sleep side by 
 
 HON. GRANT B. TAYLOR, 
 
 yet a boy, but afterward prepared for college and took a classical 
 
 and setting 
 side. 
 
 he 
 
1 66 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 HON. GRANT B. TAYLOR, now Member of Asscnilily from llii'^ 
 district, was burn June i.. i.-^jd. at I ).\roi-.l I )e]iiil, ( >ran,i;-e C'lHUUv. bill 
 has lived in Xe\vl.nir!;li I'nr tile past tweiit\'-niiie \-ears. He was .^I'ail- 
 
 uated in 1S72 I'roni 
 tile .\eadeniy, and 
 e It in ni e 11 ee' d till-' 
 stiidv 'if law in tlie 
 (■riiee of e.\-Mayi>r 
 Cassed\' nu(] Jnd^e 
 C. F. P.rown.nf the 
 Seeiind Division of 
 the C.inrt nf Ap- 
 peals, in 1S74; ad- 
 mitted to tile liar 
 .Se]iteniber 12, i>-'i. 
 He remai ned in 
 the enipl('\' I if Cas- 
 .sedv '-^: lircwii till 
 1.SS3, a n d siiiee 
 then lias practiced 
 his jirnfessitiii (.)ii 
 his own iiecoiint. 
 In issc) he was one 
 nf the iiieorpora- 
 I'lrs and directors, 
 and is now attorney 
 and manager of 
 loans, of the Mer- 
 cantile Co-opera- 
 tive Miiiik. doing 
 business at No. 2ij 
 Broadway, New- 
 York. In January, 
 1S90, he was appointed receiver of the llanhattan Mutual Fire Insur- 
 ance Company in an action brought against it by the State authorities. 
 He has been an officer in a number 
 of societies of the county, and is 
 now a Director of the Young 
 Men's Christian Association. Mr. 
 
 PHOTO. 
 
 HON, HOWARD THORNTON. 
 
 L. W. Y. McCROSKERY— Recorder. 
 
 Taylor has 1 n.r be 
 
 ' 'irominent 
 
 in musical ( 
 
 ■tv and 
 
 county, and 
 
 aided 
 
 many bene. 
 
 He 
 
 was eler-L^a to u 
 
 ■ in 
 
 1890, ajd app.,ir,l..l 
 
 unon two 
 
 the Law Commit*. 
 
 nd the Com- 
 
 mittee on . .... 
 
 '1 the 
 
 special comrr 
 
 ■- 
 
 tigation. 
 
 
 HOWARD n-"^- 
 
 subject of this 
 
 est son of the la jncral Wii' j.m 
 A. Thornton, of *ne Unitcu i^<--t-r. 
 Army, and was bori' or " 
 Island — where his fathei >\as j-- 
 tioned — on the 25th of February, 
 1849. His early boyhood was pass 
 ed in the atmosphere of a military 
 Ufe, with all its infatuations to the 
 youthful mind, which turned his 
 inclination in that direction. He re- 
 ceived instruction in the public 
 schools of New York City, and 
 graduated from Craminar School 
 No. 40, in i,S65, and entered the 
 College of the City of New York, 
 where he remained two years. 
 
 In the meantime General Thorn- 
 ton died, and by reason of his 
 
 ./iZ-.V- 
 
 WILLIAM F, CASSEDY 
 
 (leatli Ins Son I'ailcil to secure an ai)]iointmcnt to West Point, which 
 
 was a severe ilisap]ioinlnieiit to liiiii. lie then turned his efforts to 
 
 ae(|iiiring a ])rofessioii and entered Union College at Schenectady, 
 
 in this .Slat e, 
 
 fro 111 w li i eh h e 
 
 graduated in 1.S72. 
 
 Selecting the pro- 
 fession of tile law 
 
 as his life work, he 
 
 entered the office 
 
 of Eugene A. 
 
 Brewster, of this 
 
 city, as a student, 
 
 and sul)sei[uently 
 
 attendeil lectures 
 
 anil graduated 
 
 fi-om the Alliany 
 
 Law School in the 
 
 class of 1874. 
 
 He at once be- 
 gan the i^ractice of 
 
 his profession, still 
 
 continuing with 
 
 Mr. 1-irewster unli; 
 
 1SS3, when hi 
 
 opened an office ai 
 
 41 Third Street ii. 
 
 this city, where lu 
 
 has built up :l largi 
 
 clientage, his es- 
 pecial line being 
 
 what is termed 
 
 " office practice." 
 
 Mr. Thornton's ancestors were identified with the early struggles 
 
 of the Republic in acquiring its independence. His great-uncle, 
 
 j\Iatthew Thornton, was one of the 
 .signers of the Declaration of In- 
 dependence. His paternal grand- 
 father, John Thornton, was a ma- 
 jor of infantry in the Continental 
 Army, while his paternal grand- 
 mother was the daughter of Gen- 
 eral Samuel Clyde, of Cherry Yal- 
 ley, and was one of the few children 
 that was saved at the time of the 
 terrible Indian massacre, her 
 mother covering her with her apron 
 and hiding in the woods. His ma- 
 ternal grandfather was Dr. Gilbert 
 Smith, at that time an eminent 
 physician of New York City, while 
 his paternal grandniother was 
 lleleiUL DeWitt, who was a des- 
 cendant of the DeWitt family, who 
 were prominent in the organization 
 of the State of New York. 
 
 Mr. Tliornton was married on 
 May 2;,, 1S711, to the second daugh- 
 ter of the late George ^Y. Town- 
 send, and resides at No. 314 (irand 
 Street. In his social relations he 
 finds ample relief from the arduous 
 duties of oflice work, being a mem- 
 ber nf a number of organizations. 
 He is cinirteous, alTable and en- 
 gaging in his manners; true in his 
 friendships and faithful to his cli- 
 ents. These charaeteristies have 
 pointcti him out as \vorthy of posi- 
 tions of trust, and for this reason 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 167 
 
 we find he is a director in the National Bank of Newburgh; attorney of 
 the Building and Loan Association; one of the counselors of the 
 Home for the Friendless; a trustee of Hudson River Lodge; treasurer 
 of Highland Chapter; vice-president of the Masonic Hall Association; 
 he is also an honorary member of T^awson Hose Company, No. 5; a 
 member of the LTniversity Club, of New York City, and of the Loyal 
 Legion of the United States. 
 
 He was initiated in Free Masonry in Hudson Ri\ er Lodge, No. 
 607, on the 15th of May, 1S72. and was elected Master December i.^, 
 1S72, and served one year. He is also a member of Highland Chap- 
 ter and Hudson River Commandery, K. T. 
 
 Mr. Thornton is an ardent Republican and has taken an active 
 part in furthering the interests of that party. He was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Assemblv in November, iSoi. by a plurality of S76. 
 
 >^»»»»<i 
 
 LEWIS W. Y. McCROSKERY, the present Rccr.rdcr of the city, 
 is a son of ex-Mayor J. J. S. McCroskery, and was born in Newburgh 
 
 November 8, i860. He was educated in the public schools of the city, 
 graduating from the Academy in June, 1876. He studied law with 
 Cassedy &- Brown, and was admitted to the bar May 12, 1SS2. In 
 July, 1886, he formed a partnership with A. H. F. Seeger, which con- 
 tinued two years. Mr. McCroskery was elected to his present posi- 
 tion in March, 1S90, for the term of four years. He married Margaret 
 R., daughter of Isaac L. Corwin, of Newburgh. 
 
 W. F. CASSEDY was born ( )ctober 4, 1S62. In iSSo, after grad- 
 uating from the Newburgh Academy, he entered Cornell University, 
 from which he was graduated in June, 1SS4. Mr. Cassedy then enter- 
 ed the law office of his father, Hon. A. S. Cassedy, and in 18S6 was 
 admitted to the bar. In 1SS7 he entered into partnership with his 
 father m the law firm of A. S. & W. F. Cassedy. He was married 
 in Januarv, i.^SS, to MissTownsend, daughter of James A. Townsend, 
 of Newburgh. 
 
 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 
 THE HIGHLAND NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 'W' 
 
 HE Highland Bank was chartered April 26, 1S34. The 
 capital named was 8200,000. In a few weeks nearly 
 double the capital required was subscribed, and there- 
 fore a pro rata distribution of the stock was made. The 
 bank was organized July 21, and General Gilbert O. 
 Fowler was elected President, and James Belknap, 
 Cashier. Januarj' i, 1865, the capital was increased 
 to $350,000 (Sioo.ooo surplus and §50,000 new stock), and in April fol- 
 lowing the bank -was reorganized as a National Bank with a capital 
 of 8450,000. In 1SS8 the capital was reduced to $30o,o<jo. 
 
 From its inception the bank has retained the confidence of the pub- 
 lic in a notable degree, all its movements being marked by prudence, 
 caution and honorable business methods. The statement at the close 
 of business October 3, 1891, showed that its capital was 8300,000; 
 surplus, 860,000; undivided profits, 832,825.00; deposits, 8441,535-00: 
 resources, 8896,468.00. 
 
 The officers of the bank have been as follows: President — Gilbert 
 O. Fowler, 1834-43; George Cornwell, 1843-67; Alfred Post, 1S67-82. 
 Cashier— James Belknap, Thomas C. Ring, Robert Burnett, 1838-40; 
 Alfred Post, 1840-67; M. C. Belknap, 1867-83. The present officers 
 are: President — il. C. Belknap; Vice-President, Augustus Denniston; 
 Cashier— Arthur "Wilson; Directors— M. C. Belknap, Henry D. Fow- 
 ler, Smith Ely, Augustus Denniston, James T. Lawson, Alfred 
 Bridgeman, Daniel S. 'Waring, Charles H. Mead, Edgar C. Barnes, 
 Lewis M. Smith and .Michael H. Ilirschberg. 
 
 ALFRED POST was born in 181 1, in the Town of Warwick, 
 Orange County, and at the early age of fourteen came to Newburgh, 
 to accept the position of clerk in the well known house of D. Craw- 
 ford & Co., the proprietors of a freighting line between Newbur.gh 
 and New York. Here he remained eleven years, rendering such 
 acceptable service that during the last three years of his connection 
 with this house, he was a member of the firm. 
 
 In 1S36 Mr. Post left Crawford & Co., and joined the house of 
 T. Powell & Co., which was engaged in a similar business. Three 
 years later he was appointed Teller of the Highland Bank, about five 
 years after the bank charter was issuer!, and he remained with that 
 
 institution until his death in 1882, a period of about forty-three years, 
 being successively Teller, Casliier and President. 
 
 ALFRED POST. 
 
 The name of .Mfred Post is, tliereforc, associated with the greater 
 portion of the history of Newljurgh durin;.; tlie present century. He 
 
1 68 
 
 N E W B L) H r3 H 
 
 came to it when it was but a small village, and when its only outlet 
 was the river that llowed past its door, and lived to see it a nourish- 
 ing' eit\' ]iro\-ided \\ith numer<_ius railroads. 
 
 Mr. Post was a broad, liberal-minded, ]->ulilie-spirited man, who 
 always took j^reat interest in the prov;-ress and welfare ol the eity, 
 and his name is eonneeted with many of the sueeessful steps in its 
 advaneement. He gave eonsiderable attention to the formation ol 
 soeial and literarv organizations, and was one •<! the founders ol 
 the Xewbur'_;ii l,ibrar\- Assoeiation, whieh pi'eeeded the present City 
 
 HIGHLAND NATIONAL BANK 22 Water Street. 
 
 Library. lie also t(jok an active part in establishing the Home for 
 the Friendless, and other institutifius of a similar character. Duritig 
 the ^Var of the Rebellion Jfr. Post was a staunch supporter of the 
 Government, and devoted much of his time and attention to raising 
 and equipping the regiments sent in its defence from this section of 
 the country. He became a member of the Vestry of St. George's 
 Episcopal Church, April lo, 1S55, continuing as such up to the time 
 of his death. 
 
 MOSES COOK BELKNAP. President of the Highland Na- 
 tional r.aiik. In i(.37 Abraham Helknap, from whom the branch 
 ,,f till- I'.elknap familv in this country trace their descent, em- 
 igrated iVoin Lngland'aml settled in Lynn, Mass, In 1749 Samuel 
 Belknap, the iminetliate ancestor of the principal part of the family 
 in this tou-n.eame to Xewburgh frotn Woburn, Mass., and purchased 
 a large tract of land, Moses Co,,k Belknap is the son of Moses H. and 
 Riitir(Co.ik) Belknap, and was born in Xewburgh, February 2, 1832, 
 His father was a member of the Boar<l of Trustees of the village, and 
 for nine years president of that bod\-; he was one «i the founders of 
 the Xewburgh High Sch.>ol, and held .Aher local positions with 
 
 credit, 
 
 Moses Cook Belknap was educated in public and private schools 
 of the village, and was graduated from the Academy, then a private 
 school in charge of the Rev. B. R. Hall, April, 1350. He intended to 
 take a collegiate course, but a situation being offered him in the 
 Highland Bank, he entered that institution as a discount clerk April 
 22, 1S50, and was subsequently promoted to the position of book- 
 keeper and teller in it, and its successor, the Highland National Bank, 
 
 MOSES C BELKNAP. 
 
 until November iS, 1S67, when he was appointed cashier, Januarys, 
 i.SS3,he was elected President, and has remained ever since in that 
 posiliiiii. After the death of his father in January, 1S55. he formeda 
 co-partnership with Thomas M. JlcCann, under the stvle of Belknap 
 tV .\lcCann, to eontinue the business of manufacturing soap and 
 caniUes, w hich had been established by his grandfather, Abel Belknap, 
 about the year j8oo, and subsequently carried on by A. & M. H. Bel- 
 knap until their death, which occurred in October, 1854, and January, 
 1855, He, however, continued to .gi\-c his principal attention to the 
 banking business, his partner attending to the manufacturing and 
 selling department, Mr. Belknap managing the finances of the 
 concern, 
 
 < )n June 16, 1S57, Mr, Belknap was married to Mary H,. daughter 
 of William K. Mailler, of Newburgh, who died in less than a year 
 thereafter. May 13, 1S62, he married Marietta, daughter of David 
 McCanily, of Warwick, N, V,, who died X''oveniber 27, 187-!, leavin.g 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 169 
 
 three sons and one daughter. September 15, 1S75, he married his 
 present wife, EveUna, daughter of Dr. Nathaniel Deyo, of New- 
 burgh, by whom he has had three children, two of whom, a son and 
 a daughter, are now living. 
 
 Mr. Belknap has long been prominently identified with the First 
 Presbyterian Church of this city, having been elected clerk and 
 treasurer of its Board of Trustees in Feb., 1S55, which offices he has 
 held continuously ever since. He has been for many years a 
 member of the Session of said church, and Superintendent 
 of the Sabbath school. August 7, 1S77, he was appointed by 
 Mayor McCroskery an Alderman from the Third Ward, to fill 
 a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of John C. Adams. 
 He filled this office for the remainder of the term ending in 
 March, 1S7S. 
 
 March 4, 1SS4, ilr. Belknap was elected a member of the 
 Board of Education of the city, and was chosen vice-president 
 by the Board. March 9, 1SS7, he was chosen its president, and 
 has continued in that office up to the present time. He was re- 
 elected member of the Board March, 1S8S, for term expiring 
 1892. 
 
 He was one of the founders of the first Young Men's 
 Christian Association of this place, and has always been con- 
 nected -n-ith the present association since the reorganization. 
 He has served as secretary and treasurer of the Edison Electric 
 Illuminating Co. since its organization; also as treasurer of 
 the Xewburgh Cemeterj- Association. 
 
 ARTHUR WILSON, Cashier of the Highland Bank, has 
 been a resident of Xewburgh since he was five years of age, 
 having been bom at Matteawan, Dutchess County, N. Y. He 
 finished his school days in the " Old Academy," under William 
 N. Reid and William L. Chapman, having received a good 
 education in the ordinary branches with the addition of Latin, 
 Greek, French, Spanish and higher mathematics. In i860 he 
 entered the Highland Bank as letter clerk, where he successively 
 occupied the different desks until 1883, when he was appointed its 
 
 cashier, which po- 
 sition he still occu- 
 pies. 
 
 He has always 
 been prominent 
 and much interest- 
 ed in musical mat- 
 ters, having been 
 for years leader of 
 the excellent quar- 
 tette choir of St. 
 George's Episcopal 
 Church; and was 
 Chairman of the 
 Music Committee 
 of Newburgh's 
 great Centennial 
 celebration in 1883, 
 at which time he 
 organized and took 
 charge of a chorus 
 (J f one thousand 
 singers. He was 
 for many years an 
 earnest Sunday 
 schof)l worker, and 
 was one of the 
 prime movers of 
 the St. George's 
 Mission (now Church of the Good Shepherd) on Broadway. In 1884 
 he started a new era in the style of dwelling-house architecture in 
 this city, by having the brick residence, No. 162 Grand Street, built. 
 After occupying this for three years, he sold it to Lewis M. Smith, 
 
 ARTHUR WILSON. 
 
 and in 18S9 erected on a plot of about three acres sloping to the nver, 
 immediately north of the city, the handsome dwelling in which he 
 now resides. 
 
 QUASSAICK NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 On Thursdaj- evening, September 4, 1S51, a meeting of citizens 
 was held at the Orange Hotel to consider the subject of organizing 
 
 RESIDENCE OF ARTHUR WILSON— Grand Avenue. 
 
 another bank. David Crawford was chosen chairman of the meeting, 
 and O. M. Smith secretary. After addresses by William FuUerton, 
 Samuel W. Eager, Thornton M. Niven, and others, a committee was 
 appointed to name suitable persons for directors, and suggest a title 
 for the institution. On the report of this committee a board of direc- 
 tors was nominated, and " The Quassaick Bank " adopted as the title. 
 March 31, 1852, the bank was organized, and soon after began busi- 
 ness with a capital of $130,000. 
 
 The first officers were E. W. Farrington, President; Jonathan N. 
 Weed, Cashier; W. H. Gerard, Teller. Directors — E. W. Farrington, 
 J. I. Crawford, I. R. Carpenter, Asa Sterling, Isaiah Townsend, 
 Charles U. Cushman, John Jamison, William K. Mailler, James Pat- 
 ton and John J. Monell. 
 
 On the 6th of July, 1852, a resolution was passed by the board of 
 directors, increasing the capital stock to $200,000, and on June 29 
 1853, it was again increased to $300,000, at which point it has remained 
 ever since. On the 3d of June, 1865, it commenced doing business 
 as a National bank. Mr. Farrington served as president until he was 
 succeeded, in May. 1862, by D. Gillis Leonard. Mr. Leonard served 
 two years as president, and was elected for a third term, but his 
 death a few weeks after his election made a vacancy, which was filled 
 in the September following by the election of O. S. Hathaway. Mr 
 Hathaway filled that position until his resignation, March 6, 1876. 
 He was succeeded by Isaac K. Oakley, who served till his death, 
 September 6, 1885, when Charles H. Hasbrouck was elected to the 
 office. 
 
 Mr. Weed has filled the office of cashier since the organization of 
 the bank, and James N. Dickey has been teller since 1863, 
 
 The bank receives deposits subject to check at sight, makes col- 
 lections on all available points in the United States and Canada, dis- 
 counts commercial paper, buys and sells United States and other first 
 class bonds, and engages in all transactions pertaining to a general 
 banking business. 
 
 Its public statement made at the close of business July 9, 1891, 
 shows a capital of $300,000 ; surplus, $60,000 ; undivided profits. 
 
170 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 $73,690.13; deposits, $555,418.38; resources, $1,326,813.63. The present 
 officers are Charles H, Hasbrouck, President; J. N. Weed, Cashier; 
 Charles H. Hasbrouck, William O. Mailler, (vice-President), Abram 
 S. Cassedy, Leander Clark, jr., John Dales, John E. Lawson, Sam- 
 
 QUASSAICK NATIONAL BANK— 71 Water Street. 
 
 uel C. Mills, Henry JlcCann, George H. Ross, Thomas H. Skidmore 
 and Alexander Young, Directors. Mr. Hasbrouck, the president, 
 was for many years a dry goods merchant in Newburgh. 
 
 s>. s s 
 
 JONATHAN N. WEED, Cashier of the Quassaick Bank, was 
 born Xovember 20, 1S25, in the Town of Newburgh, near Orange 
 Lake, where his ancestors had resided many years. His parents 
 were David and Deborah (Noyes) Weed. His mother was a sister 
 of Aaron Noyes, who was prominent in the early history of the Vil- 
 lage of Newburgh, and had a brickyard on the site now occupied by 
 the West Shore Railroad freight depot. When Jonathan \\-as less 
 than two years old his father died, leaving his mother with the sole 
 care of seven children. In 1S33 the family removed to Bay View, 
 four miles north of the city, on the river shore. There Jonathan 
 attended the Middlehope district school in the Winter, and in the 
 Summer (after his tenth year) worked on his uncle Silas Gardner's 
 brickyard. Ten years were spent in that way. The business he 
 mastered thoroughly, and at length he exercised an oversight of the 
 
 yard. In the Winter of 1844-45 he was a student at Amenia Sem- 
 inary, where his schooldays ended. 
 
 In 1845 he was offered a place in the Highland Bank. To a boy 
 from a brickyard it was an unexpected opening, and came about in 
 this wi.se: Mr. Weed had been asked by his uncle, Mr. Gardner, to 
 make a canvass of the voters in the village for a political purpose, 
 and while so engaged he attracted the attention of an officer of the 
 bank, who perceived in the boy the making of a good bank-clerk. 
 Mr. Weed had risen to the position of Teller when he left the High- 
 land Bank, in 1S52, to accept the position of Cashier in the Quassaick 
 Bank at its organization. With that institution he has ever since 
 remained in the same capacity, and is the only one left of those who 
 were at the first connected with it. 
 
 To the responsibilities of this important position he has added the 
 duties of various other relations in life. Numerous trusts have been 
 confided to him, and all of them he has discharged with the consci- 
 entious faithfulness and tireless energy characteristic of the man. 
 There is a maxim that " if you want a thing done, go to the busiest 
 man." Whether acting on this principle or not, it is certain that 
 individuals, corporations and societies have been coming to Mr. Weed 
 all his business life in quest of assistance. His first avocation after 
 taking up his residence here was with the Mechanics' Library Asso- 
 ciation; he was an officer therein many years, and until its termina- 
 tion. During the second year of the Newburgh and EUenville Plank 
 Road Company he was elected Secretary, succeeding Thornton M. 
 Niven, and in 1S57 a Director; on the death of E. W. Farrington, he 
 was elected Treasurer, so that he performed the duties of three offices 
 until, after forty years, the company surrendered its title to the road 
 
 PHOTO. B¥ WHIDDIT. 
 
 JONATHAN N. WEED. 
 
 and closed up its affairs. In 1S66 he acted as Assistant Treasurer of 
 a company formed to build a railroad from Newburgh to Middletown; 
 and m 1S68 he filled a similar p<jsition at the inception of the Dutchess 
 and Columbia Railroad. Of the Board of Trade he has been Treas- 
 urer since its organization; and at its re-organization he proposed the 
 financial measures and secured the means which made possible the 
 continuance of its work. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 171 
 
 While Trinity M. E. Church used the old house of worship in 
 Second Street Mr. Weed was elected a trustee and treasui'er of the 
 church, and librarian of the Sabbath school. His labors for the up- 
 building of that congregation were of the most valuable and self- 
 sacrificing nature. He gave of his own means, and begged the aid 
 of others, till the noble edifice which Trinity now owns was reared 
 and cleared of debt. With the benevolent work of the Homo for the 
 Friendless he has been associated as a member of the Board of Coun- 
 selors and of the committee on funds for many years. He has also 
 been recording secretary and a manager of the Bible Society, and a 
 member and the only treasurer of the Historical Society of Newburgh 
 Bay and the Highlands. He was treasurer of the Newbm-gh Gas- 
 light Company from 1S64 to iSSi, at which date the property was pur- 
 chased by the Consumers' Gas Company, and he now acts as one of 
 the trustees for the mortgage and bond-holders of the latter com- 
 pany. 
 
 In former years Mr. Weed had more to do with pubUc aft'airs than 
 recently. During the infancy of the city corporation, when its sys- 
 tem of pubUc works was in a formative state, and when the best 
 abihty the city could command was put into municipal service, Mr. 
 Weed was two years in the Common Council, and was chairman of a 
 number of its important committees. The opening of South Street, 
 the building of trunk sewers, and the gradiug of the streets in the 
 western part of the city were some of the events of that period, and, 
 under the existing conditions, formidable undertakings, in all of 
 which Jlr. Weed had a creditable part. He also devised and put 
 in operation the system of accounts in the Collector's office. This 
 work he did as chairman of a committee appointed for the purpose. 
 He opposed an eiiort that was made to bond the city heavily for 
 railroad piorposes. In 1S72 he placed for the city $60,000 of water 
 bonds at 5 per cent, premium, when theretofore such securities had 
 been sold at par. Mr. Weed did not enter public life again till 1891, 
 when he was elected by the RepubUcan party to the office of City 
 Treasvurer, which he now fills. 
 
 Many other ser\-ices could be related, but we have sufficiently out- 
 lined the life of this man to show the measiu-e of his usefulness in the 
 community. For nearly forty j-ears he has been the mainspring of a 
 banking institution which has acquired a strong hold on the confidence 
 and affections of the people; and, though concerning himself in every 
 detail of its work, he has found time to perform those numberless 
 other services. For relaxation from business cares he has pleasure in 
 geological, meteorological and astronomical study and observations. 
 
 Mr. Weed married, in 1851, Elizabeth M. Goodsell, daughter of 
 John Goodsell, who taught the old Glebe school. She was long a 
 manager and the treasurer of the Home for the Friendless, and also 
 prominent in church work. She died Januar}' 5, 1890, leaving Charles 
 G., bookkeeper in the Quassaick Bank; Frank and Ella. The latter 
 succeeded her mother as treasurer of the Home for the Friendless. 
 She is also connected with a girls' school on Fifth Avenue, New 
 York, and is a trustee of Barnard College. 
 
 THE NATIONAL BANK OF NEWBURGH. 
 
 John J. S. McCroskery, President; Charles J. Lawson, Vice- 
 President; Charles L. C. Kerr, Cashier. This bank is the successor 
 of the Bank of Xewburgh, which was first incorporated March 22, 
 1811. The capital of the first bank was $120,000, in shares of $50 each. 
 The State reserved the right to subscribe to the stock any amount 
 not exceeding one thousand shares. On June 15, 1811, the corner- 
 stone of the present bank building was laid, and on September g the 
 bank was opened for business. The first president was Isaac Bel- 
 knap, jr., and the first cashier John S. Hunn. In February, 1820, a 
 branch bank was opened at Ithaca, N. Y., and continued to 1830, 
 when, on expiration of the old charter, it was discontinued. The 
 Bank of Newburgh was then reorganized under the .Safety Fund law, 
 with a capital of 8140,000. In 1851 it was again reorganized under the 
 general banking law, with a capital of $200,000, which, the following 
 year, was increased to $300,000. 
 
 On July 3, 1864, the Bank of Newburgh passed out of existence. 
 Its capital of $300,000 with the addition of 60 per cent, profits was 
 
 divided among the stockholders. A remarkable fact in this connec- 
 tion was that the bank did not lose a dollar in settling up its afiiairs: 
 all the money owing to the bank was paid. 
 
 The National Bank of Newburgh began business July 5, 1864, 
 under the following Board of Directors: George W. Kerr, J. DeWitt 
 Walsh, W. L. F. Warren, James Bigler, R. A. Forsyth, Jirah Stearns, 
 A. F. Scofield, E. A. Brewster and George W. Townsend. President 
 —George W. Kerr; Cashier— John J. S. McCroskery. The capital of 
 the new bank was $800,000, which was promptly taken by its old 
 stockholders and other citizens of the town. June 3, 1890, the stock- 
 holders voted to reduce the capital to $400,000. Accordingly $400,000 
 
 THE NATIONAL BANK OF NEWBURGH— 105 Water Street. 
 
 of the capital, with the addition of 40 per cent, as profits, was divided 
 among the stockholders. 
 
 This bank has always conducted a safe and conservative business, 
 and by just and honorable conduct toward its customers it has ad- 
 vanced their interests and welfare in common with its own, and 
 to-day is recognized as one of the most vigorous exponents of the 
 soundest principles governing banking and finance. It does a general 
 banking business, loaning money on first class security, discounting 
 approved paper, issuing exchange on the leadmg cities of this country 
 and Europe, and carrying the accounts of its patrons. Its last state- 
 ment, made at the close of business July g; 1891, showed its capital 
 stock to be $400,000; its surplus, $80,000; undivided profits, $80,126.28 ; 
 deposits, $510,614.61, and its resources $1,514,585.14. 
 
 The officers of this bank and its predecessor have been as follows: 
 President — Isaac Belknap, Jr., 1811-27; William Walsh, iS27-3g; John 
 Chambers, 1839-54; George W. Kerr, 1854-go. Cashiers — John S. 
 Hunn, Frederick W. Farnum, William M. Vermilyea, Levi Dodge, 
 George W. Kerr, 1836-54; Francis Scott, 1854-64; John J. S. McCros- 
 kery, 1864-go. Its present officers are John J. S. McCroskery, Presi- 
 
172 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 dent; Charles J. Lawson, Vice-President; Charles L. C. Kerr, Cash- 
 ier; George Weller, Howard Thornton, Isaac C. Chapman, Michael 
 Doyle, Eugene A. Brewster, Charles J. Lawson, John J. S. McCros- 
 kery, Robert Whitehill and James Chadwicl^ Directors. 
 
 GEORGE W. KERR was liorn in Warren Cotmty, New Jersey, 
 February 15, iSio. His ancestors were originally from Scotland, but 
 Mr. Kerr's father was born at Freehcjld, New Jersey. His parents 
 removed to Ithaca, New Yorlc, where he obtained a position in the 
 branch of the Bank of Newburgh. In 1S30, when the branch was 
 withdrawn, and the Bank of Ithaca established, Mr. Kerr entered the 
 new bank and remained there until October, 1S31, when a position 
 was offered him in the Bank of Newburgh, with the officials of which 
 he had become acquainted through his connection with the branch 
 bank. 
 
 In 1S36 Jlr. Kerr was promoted to the position of cashier, and m 
 1854 he was elected president to fill the vacancy caused by the death 
 
 The vestry of St. George's Church adopted resolutions recording, 
 •• their very high esteem for his character and his hfelong devotion to 
 tlie church and her interests. It is with grateful feeling that we re- 
 member the steady ecmsisteney of his Christian walk, his uprightness 
 as a business man, his value as a citizen, his zeal as a churchman. 
 We owe him no slight debt for his faithful service as our treasurer for 
 thirty-one years, during which time his unflagging attention to the 
 affairs of the parish has contributed essentially and in a large degree 
 toitsstabihty and prosperity." ^ ,. „ 
 
 Mr Kerr was twice married. His first wife was Emelme Ross; 
 his second, Margaret Brown, daughter of the Rev. John Brown, D. D. 
 
 -s>»^v 
 
 JOHN J. S. McCROSKERY was born in Newburgh, February 
 14 1834 He received an academic education, graduating at the 
 Newburgh Academy in 1848. In 1850 he entered the dry goods store 
 of George Corn well & Son as a clerk, where he remained until Feb- 
 ruary 1853. He then became a clerk in the Bank of Newburgh, 
 where he has been ever since. In 18(14, ^vhen it became a National 
 Bank he was made its cashier, which position he filled until 1890, 
 when', upon the death of George W. Kerr, Mr. McCroskery was 
 elected president. He has been quite a prominent member of the 
 fire department, and in addition to ser\'ing as a company member, 
 has also officiated as first and second assistant chief engineer. He was 
 elected village collector in 1857. In 1869 he was elected alderman of 
 the Third Ward, and in 1871 he was re-elected to that position. In 
 1875 he was elected mayor of this city, for the vacancy caused by the 
 death of Hon. C. M. Leonard, and in the Spring of 1876 he was re- 
 elected for a full term. For many years he has been treasurer of the 
 Newburgh Bible Society. He has been a trustee of Union Church 
 for about thirty-four years, and for the past twenty-six years has 
 been superintendent of the Union Church Sunday school, both of 
 which positions he yet honorably fills. 
 
 PHOTO. BY ATKINSON. 
 
 GEORGE W. KERR. 
 
 of John Chambers. In 1864, when the old bank of Newburgh was 
 closed and the National Bank of Newburgh organized, Mr. Kerr was 
 again honored with the presidency. He continued in that position 
 till his death, having been cashier of the bank for eighteen years, and 
 president for thirty-seven years. Mr. Kerr died June 3, 1890. 
 
 Mr. Kerr was a trustee and vice-president of the village in 1856, 
 and a member of the Board of Education in 1852-54. For forty-seven 
 years he was a vestryman of St. George's Protestant Episcopal 
 Church, and for thirty-one years treasurer of the board. 
 
 Upon his death the Directors of the bank adopted the following 
 minute: "His sound judgment, perfect integrity and eminent abil- 
 ity have been long recognized in financial circles, and his excellence 
 in all the relations of life will long be remembered in this community. 
 By us, his immediate associates, and by all in any capacity attached 
 to this bank, his memory will always be cherished. He has left to 
 his family and this community, where he has spent so many years of a 
 long and useful life, alegacy better than earthly riches— a good name. " 
 
 THE NE'WBURGH SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 This institution was chartered April 13, 1852. The trustees named 
 in the charter were E. Ward Farrington, John J. Monell, Charles U. 
 Cushman, Robert L. Case, Robert L. Forsyth, Richard A. South- 
 wick, Odell S. Hathaway, Gilbert C. Monell, David H. Barclay, 
 Adam Lilburn, Samuel W. Eager, Cornelius C. Smith, Robert Ster- 
 ling, Robert D. Kemp, Charles Drake, Da^d Moore, John H. Waters, 
 James I. Crawford, James Patton, William K. Mailler, Benjamin 
 Carpenter and Thornton M. Niven. In the Fall of that year officers 
 were elected, and an office opened for receiving deposits in the Qua.s- 
 saick Bank, but the bank was not formally opened till January i, 
 
 1853. 
 
 Subsequently the bank was moved to No. 3 Water Street. In the 
 Summer of 1866 the trustees commenced the erection of the building 
 now occupied by the bank, which was completed and occupied Octo- 
 ber, 1868. Its cost was §115,527.16, which was paid from the earn- 
 ings of the bank. Vaux, Withers & Co. were the architects. 
 
 This bank has proved to be one of our most valuable and helpful 
 institutions. Its affairs have always been administered wisely by a 
 board of trustees composed of some of our most substantial and 
 respected citizens, with the result that it compares favorably with the 
 best institutions of the kind in the land. The amount of deposits on 
 July I, 1859, was $124,000. The official statement made July i, 1S91, 
 showed the amount due depositors to be 85.218,310.43. The par 
 value of its surplus was $380,008.65, and the market value $1,071, 931. 65. 
 The par value of its assets was $5,598,319.08, and the market value 
 $6,290,242.08. 
 
 The presidents of this bank have been the following named: Rob- 
 ert L. Case, 1852-54; E. W. Farrington, 1854-58; Daniel B. St. John, 
 1S58-72; Rev. John Forsyth, D. D. ; J. De Witt Walsh, 1872-73; Dan- 
 iel B. St. John, 1873-go. Treasurers — Charles U. Cushman, 1852-54; 
 Charles Halstead, jr., 1854-58; Thomas C. Ring, 1858-S9. 
 
 The present officers arc: President — Charles S. Jenkins; Vice- 
 Presidents — James M. Wentz and John Sehoonmaker; Treasurer — 
 Thomas F. Balfe; Secretary. — Isaac C. Chapman; Trvistees — Charles 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 173 
 
 S. Jenkins, James M. Wentz, John Schoonmaker, Joseph H. H. 
 Chapman, James Bigler, Isaac C. Chapman, James T, Lawson, Wil- 
 liam O. Mailler, Daniel S. Waring, Samuel C. Mills, Joseph Chad- 
 wick, A. Y. Weller and Clayton E. Sweet. 
 
 «<sss ■ 
 
 HON. DANIEL B. ST. JOHN first saw the light near the village 
 of Sharon, on the banks of the Housatonic, Litchfield County, Ct., 
 October 8, 1S08. His gi-andfather was Daniel St. John, for many- 
 years a magistrate, and who once represented his district in the Leg- 
 
 dealer in real estate till 1848, when he retired from mercantile pur_ 
 suits. His public career commenced in 1840, when he was elected to 
 the Legislature from Sullivan County. He was at first a Henry Clay 
 Whig, and remained in the party till its dissolution. In 1843, '44, '45 
 and '46 he was Supervisor of the Town of Thompson; and in 1846 was 
 elected to Congress, serving from 1847 to 1849. While in Congress 
 he served on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads with 
 Abraham Lincoln, and a warm friendship existed between them. 
 
 At the close of his Congressional term Mr. St. John was invited to 
 take charge of the Bank Department at Albany, then under the 
 
 THE NEWBURGH SAVINGS BANK— Corner of Smith and Second Streets. 
 
 islature. He afterwards moved with his son Russell to Hartford, and 
 there was County Surveyor for many years. 
 
 Russell St. John, the'father of Daniel B., was a farmer; the Hart- 
 ford County Agricultural Society gave him a silver cup as a premium 
 for the best cultivated farm in the county. Daniel B. St. John was 
 educated in the public schools of Hartford, and at the age of sixteen 
 left home and entered the employ of his maternal uncle, Hiram Ben- 
 nett, who had a store at Monticello, Sullivan County, N. Y. After 
 serving seven years he was admitted to partnership, and subsequently 
 became the sole proprietor. He continued in trade as a merchant and 
 
 supervision of the Comptroller of the State, at whose solicitation Mr. 
 St. John accepted the position of Chief Register, and occupied that 
 place till 1S51, when by act of the Legislature the Bank Department 
 was made a separate branch of the State machinery. Mr. St. John 
 was then immediately appointed Superintendent. He reorganized the 
 department and continued in control thereof till 1855. 
 
 Having by industry and economy accumulated an estate sufficient 
 to enable him to retire from active business life, and having long 
 cherished a desire to engage in rural pursuits and enjoy country life, 
 he purchased in 1S56 about twelve acres of land in the northern 
 
174 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 suburbs of Newburgh, and erected thereon a handsome dwelling and 
 commodious outbuildings, and beautiiied the grounds with orna- 
 mental trees, winding walks and lawns. That was his home during 
 
 Vice-President of the United States. He was nominated Presi- 
 dential Elector on that ticket, and his own district nominated 
 him for Congress the same year. In 1863 he was complimented by 
 
 HON. DANIEL B. ST. JOHN. 
 
 the remainder of his life. 
 Xewburgh Savings Bank, 
 twenty - eight thousand 
 dollars, which have since 
 increased to more than 
 six millions. He con- 
 tinued to be the faithful 
 head of the institution 
 (except for the year 1S72) 
 till the day of his death. 
 This bank is one of the 
 strongest of its kind in 
 the State, and it is speak- 
 ing within bounds to say 
 its financial success and 
 the great service it has 
 rendered the people of 
 this city and vicinity have 
 been owing in no small 
 measure to the exper- 
 ience, sound judgment 
 and strict integrity that 
 were brought to the man- 
 gement of its affairs by 
 the selection of Mr. St. 
 John as president. 
 
 In i860 he was a dele- 
 gate to the National Un- 
 ion Convention, at Balti- 
 more, which nominated 
 Bell and Everett for the 
 offices of President and 
 
 In 1S58 he was elected president of the 
 when the total deposits amounted to only 
 
 RESIDENCE OF DANIEL 
 
 CHARLES S. JENKINS. 
 
 the nomination for Secretary of State by the Democratic partj-. In 
 1875 he was elected to represent the Tenth Senatorial District of New 
 
 York (consisting of the 
 counties of Orange and 
 Sullivan) by a majority 
 of 996 over Morgan Shuit, 
 and was re-elected in 1877 
 over John A. Clements 
 by a majority of 1,442. 
 In 1S79 he declined are- 
 nomination for the Sen- 
 ate. He was a delegate 
 to the National Demo- 
 cratic Convention held at 
 St. Louis, which nomi- 
 nated Samuel J. Tilden 
 for the Presidency. In 
 the councils of the Demo- 
 cratic party of the State 
 he held a prominent 
 place. 
 
 For many years Mr. 
 St. John was a Vestry- 
 man and for seven years 
 a Warden of St. George's 
 Church. His domestic Hte 
 was simple and happy. 
 He had the respect and 
 esteem of all classes of 
 citizens, and all those 
 great blessings that are 
 factors in the life of a 
 
 Mi 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 175 
 
 truly successful man. He was a man of the times, broad-minded, pub- 
 lic-spirited, progressive. His influence was always toward the good. 
 His pubKc and private duties were performed \vith the greatest carei 
 and throughout a long service in public life his per- 
 sonal honor and official integrity were without 
 blemish. He died February iS, jSgo, in the Berkeley 
 Hotel, New York City, where he had gone to spend 
 a few weeks of the Winter season. He was buried 
 in Cedar Hill Cemeterv. 
 
 1S74, and a vice-president January 7, 187S. Upon the death of 
 Hon. Daniel B. St. John in i8go, he was unanimously elected to the 
 honorable position he now fills with great ability. Captain Jenkins is 
 
 CHARLES S. JENKINS, President of the New- 
 burgh Savings Bank, is descended from the Jenkins 
 and Bunker famihes, of Nantucket. At the begin- 
 ning of the present century there was a large emi- 
 gration of Nantucket families to Hudson, N. Y., 
 which was then at the head of ship navigation on the 
 Hudson River. It had an extensive commerce with 
 Europe and the West liidies, and had many vessels 
 engaged in whale-fishing. At Hudson the father of 
 Charles S. Jenkins was born. His grandfather ran 
 an East Indiaman out of Hudson, and his father -was 
 also a seaman. 
 
 Charles S. Jenkins was born in the City of New 
 York, March 27, 1S22. Both on the paternal and 
 maternal sides his ancestors were Friends, and Cap- 
 tain Jenkins has been a lifelong adherent of that 
 sturdy sect. His education was obtamed at a Friends' 
 Institute at AVihnington, Del. 
 
 Upon leaving school he joined his brother, ^Villiam 
 B., in the ship- chandlery business in New York, and 
 upon the death of the latter, Charles became the 
 proprietor. He also became interested in towing lines 
 and coasting vessels, and acquired a competency. Upon his retire- 
 ment from business in 1S63 he purchased a country-seat on the Balm- 
 
 RESIDENCE OF CHARLES S. JENKINS— Balmville. 
 
 also a Trustee of Washington Headquarters, and chairman of the 
 executive committee. He married Caroline E., d.aughter of Charles 
 B. Macy, who was a descendant of the Nantucket family of Macys. 
 
 THOMAS F. BALFE, Treasurer of the Newburgh Savings Bank, 
 though a young man, has by the judicious and conservative manner 
 in which he has managed the interests of the bank, given sufficient 
 proof of his ability as a banker. He was born in Newburgh, April 
 14, 1857. He began his business career May i, 1S73, in the bank 
 with which he has ever since been connected, and by his own ability 
 and perseverance rose to the position of Assistant Treasurer, Decem- 
 ber 10, 1887, an office created expressly for him that he might assist 
 the Treasurer, Mr. Ring, who then had reached an advanced age. 
 On the death of Mr. Ring in June, i8Sg, Mr. Balfe was chosen to fill 
 the vacancy. He married Mary A., only daughter of James M. 
 Wentz, October 21, 1885, and has since resided with his wife's family 
 at " Aldendell," one of the most beautiful homes on Grand Avenue. 
 
 THOMAS F. BALFE. 
 
 ville road, in the suburbs of Newburgh, and has ever since resided 
 there. He was elected a trustee of the Savings Bank May 4, 
 
 NEWBURGH BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This association has had no small share in the extensive building 
 operations in Newburgh in the past few years. Its affairs have been 
 wisely administered, and its financial condition is excellent. It is 
 engaged in the grand work of inculcating ideas of thrift and self- 
 help among the wage-earners of our city. 
 
 The Association owes its formation mainly to the efforts of Bar- 
 tholomew B. Moore, George Beggs and John W. Lockwood. On the 
 evening of March 6, 1886, a public meeting was held in the basement 
 of the Opera House, at which the above named gentlemen explained 
 the <jbjects and operations of building and loan associations, with 
 which they had had some previous experience. The subject was fur- 
 ther discussed and explained at subsccjuent meetings, and on April 
 17 the association was organized by the adoption of a constitution and 
 by-laws and the election of the following officers: B. B. Moore, Presi- 
 dent; Lewis M. Smith, Vice-President; John W. Lockwood, Treas- 
 
176 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 urer; John M. Pollock, Secretary; Directors — Joseph A. Sneed, W. H. 
 Weston, Mayor B. B. Odell, George Begjfs, B. B. Odell, Jr., Daniel 
 S. Waring, W. H. Brinl<man, Arthur V. Wiltsie, C. J. Lawson, W. 
 H. Beggs, George F. Price and James G. Graham. 
 
 The present officers are B. B. Moore, President; L. M. Smith, 
 Vice-President; Charles J. Lawson, Treasurer; Benj. J. Mac- 
 donald, Secretary; Directors — Joseph A. Sneed, William N. Beggs, 
 George Beggs, John C. Adams. B. B. Odell, Jr., William H. Hilton, 
 Wilham Nixon, Samuel J. Hilton, Benjamin B. (Jdell, James Todd, 
 William Tweed and William Hamilton. Howard Thornton, attorney. 
 
 That the Association has met with no small measure of success 
 during the five years of its existence is shown in its last annual 
 statement on May i, iSqi: 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 Permanent loans $00,680 00 
 
 Arrearages 676 64 
 
 Cash 55 72 
 
 Safe (inventoried) 60 00 
 
 $100,472 36 
 
 l.IAUIMTIES. 
 
 Monthly dues $83,772 00 
 
 Advance dues 88 00 
 
 Profits 1-2-3-4 years i3i°99 "5 
 
 Profits 5th year 3.513 2" 
 
 Gain durinj^ year *3i:i3 -'i 
 
 No. shares outstanding ist series, 725}^ 
 
 " " 2d " 413K 
 
 " " 3d " 236^^ 
 
 4th " -ii6l4 
 
 " " 5th " 357 
 
 2,049 
 
 Value per share 1st series $74 42 
 
 2d " 5'5 92 
 
 3d •■ 4° f'4 
 
 4th ■■ 26 °3 
 
 " " 5th " 12 53 
 
 $100,472 36 
 
 $43,530 00 
 19,848 00 
 8,514 00 
 7,596 00 
 4,284 00 
 
 $83,772 00 
 
 ST, PATRICK'S PAROCHIAL SCHOOL AND INSTITUTE-L.berty Street near Broadway, 
 (bee Pages 133 and 134) 
 
THE PRESS 
 
 Newspapers and Newspaper Men ot the Past and Present. 
 
 lEWBURGH has four daily, one weekly and two semi- 
 weekly newspapers. Two of the dailies and one 
 weekly have been established since 1S85. Within the 
 same period the two older papers have increased their 
 facilities by the introduction of the telegraph into their 
 otBces, and from early morn till evening the busy 
 wires are bringing in the day'.s doings all the world 
 uver. Xewburgh is thus kept in touch with the people of the country 
 at large and with the general movements of public thought. The 
 Queen's speech to Parliament will be read and criticised a few hours 
 later in Newburgh, and an appeal from a stricken city in the morn- 
 ing will bring a response from Xewburgh in the afternoon. This is 
 also an important ' ' news center: "' the press associations and the met- 
 ropolitan papers have correspondents here. 
 
 The history of the press of this city begins with the year 1795, 
 vv-hen Lucius Carey began to publish The Newburgh Packet. David 
 Denniston purchased it in 1797, and changed its name to The Mirror. 
 In 1799 Jacob Schultz removed The New Windsor Gazette (estab- 
 lished 1797) to Xewburgh, and shortly afterward sold it to Mr. Den- 
 niston, who changed its name to The Citizen. Both The Mirror and 
 The Citizen were absorbed by The Rights of Man, which was started 
 by Elias Winfield in 1797, and sold to David Denniston. The Re- 
 corder of the Times was started by Dennis Coles in 1803. It absorbed 
 The Rights of Man in 1805, and in 1806 Ward M. Gazlay purchased 
 it, changed its name to The Political Index, and continued its publi- 
 cation till 1829. 
 
 The early newspapers were insignificant affairs measured by 
 modem standards, consisting of four small pages and containing little 
 if any local news. A few editorials, tedious political articles, general 
 news notes, considerable miscellany, and sometimes attacks on 
 Christianity made up the papers of that age. The Mirror, The Cit- 
 izen and The Rights of Man were the organs of a large and influ- 
 ential society called "The Druids." Dr. Johnston said, "the Bible 
 was the avowed object of their hatred, as well as all that pertained 
 to the church of God and her institutions." Elias Winfield, the first 
 editor of The Rights of Man, was a druggist and physician. His 
 paper was printed by Benoni H. Howell, the first Chief Engineer of 
 the Newburgh Fire Department. David Denniston was a man of 
 ability in some directions, and fearless in expressing his peculiar 
 views of religion. He became widely known through his writings in 
 opposition to Christianity. He at one time had editorial connection 
 with The American Citizen and Watch Tower, of New York. His 
 Newburgh office was at 74 Water Street. 
 
 The Political Index was a follower of Jefferson and Madison in 
 politics. Ward M. Gazlay, the proprietor, was for many years Justice 
 of the Peace also. As an editor he had great independence of mind, 
 and as a magistrate his career was marked by strict probity and 
 sound, discriminating judgment, united with fixedness of purpose and 
 impartiality. He died in 1836. 
 
 Charles U. Cushman purchased The Political Index from Mr. 
 Gazley in 1829, and changed its name to The Orange Telegraph, and 
 subsequently to The Newburgh Telegraph. Mr. Cushman was a 
 descendant of the Pilgrims, born at Hartford, N. Y., and educated 
 at the Bennington, Vt. academy. Before coming to Newburgh 
 
 he was a proof-reader and jobber in the printing iKjuse of the Amer- 
 ican Tract Society in New York. He conducted The Telegraph for 
 ten years, and then sold it. Mr. Cushman was subsequently in the 
 Custom-House in New York, and in mercantile business in that city. 
 Then he returned to Newburgh and established the furniture and 
 carpet business now carried on by Peck & Van Dalfsen. In 1S52 he 
 retired with a competency, and was afterward elected to the As- 
 sembly. He was an able writer, his style being vigorous and com- 
 pact. As a private citizen he was active in advancing the interests 
 of the city in which he lived. He was one of the founders of the 
 Newburgh Library and the Mechanics' Library; he was one of the 
 original directors of the Quassaick Bank, and one of the incorporators 
 and the first secretary and treasurer of the Savings Bank. He pos- 
 sessed strong natural abilities, industry, independence of mind and 
 integrity. In person he was nearly six feet and well formed, with 
 clear complexion and blue eyes. He dressed with extreme neatness, 
 and walked with erect carriage and firm tread. He died at Rhine- 
 beck in 1859. 
 
 In 1839 The Telegraph passed into the hands of Henry H. Van 
 Dyck, who, the following year, was succeeded by Elias Pitts. The 
 latter was a graduate of the Kinderhook academy, and before coming 
 to Newburgh held an editorial position on The Rochester Adver- 
 tiser. In his character as a writer Mr. Pitts exhibited much origin- 
 ality and ability, maintaining a manly independence, and at the same 
 time laboring zealously to promote the interests of the Democratic 
 party, to which he was attached. In the social circle he had few 
 equals, and his society was much sought after and appreciated. In 
 a word, his every-day life appeared to be the reflex of a heart filled 
 with noble and generous impulses. He married, first, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John Jamison, of Newburgh, and second, Margaret, 
 daughter of John Whited. After leaving Newburgh he was the 
 editor of The Poughkeepsie American for three years, and then re- 
 ceived an 'appointment in the State Department at Washington, 
 where he died in 1S64, aged 54. 
 
 Mr. Pitts retired from the management of The Telegraph in 1850, 
 and was succeeded by Edward M. Ruttenber, who conducted the 
 paper for seven j^ears, and then disposed of it. During the next 
 twenty years The Telegraph passed through many hands. Mr. Rut- 
 tenber became the proprietor again in 1859, and again in 1865, and for 
 the fourth time in 1876. 
 
 The first daily newspaper in Newburgh was The News, in 1856, 
 published by E. W. Gray, who had become proprietor of The Weekly 
 Gazette, which had been started by John W. Spalding in 1822, and 
 afterward had changed hands a number of times. In 1857 Mr. Gray 
 combined his establishment with that of The Telegraph. The Tele- 
 graph and Gazette were continued as weeklies under the consolida- 
 tion till 1864, when The Gazette was discontinued, and The Daily 
 News became The Daily Telegraph. 
 
 In 1824 the Rev. James R. Willson, D. D., of the Reformed Pres- 
 byterian Church, began the publication of The Evangelical Witness, 
 a monthly magazine, which was continued four years and then suc- 
 ceeded by The Christian Statesman, which lived but one year. 
 
 In 1834 Wallace & Sweet published The National Advertiser, 
 which was subsequently merged into The Gazette. [177] 
 
178 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 In 1836 the Rev. Moses Roney, of the Reformed Presbyterian 
 Church, began the publication of The Reformed Presbyterian, a 
 monthly magazine. In 1849 it was moved to Pittsburgh by Mr. Roney, 
 where it is still published. 
 
 In 1845 the Rev. David L. Proudfit published the Tirst number of 
 The Christian Instructor, a monthly magazine. It was sold to the Rev. 
 J. B. Dales, who removed it to Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1S49 Thomas George started The Newburgh Excelsior, and sold 
 it in 1851 to E. M. Ruttenber, who merged it into The Telegraph. 
 
 For a few weeks in 1855 R. P. L. Shafer published The Newburgh 
 American. 
 
 In 1S55 R. B. Denton commenced The Literary Scrapbook, a 
 monthly magazine of forty-eight pages, but it failed m a short time. 
 
 In 1856 The Times was issued by an association of temperance 
 people. It was continued under various owners till 1867. 
 
 In 1S59 the Rev. D. L. Proudfit started The Family Visitor, a 
 monthly quarto, which lived a year. 
 
 In 1867 S. S. Wood commenced the publication of The Household 
 Advocate, a monthly. At first it had but eight pages, but was en- 
 larged from time to time, and obtained a large circulation. As The 
 Household Magazine it took high rank among the literary publica- 
 tions of the country, its circulation being 60,000. Samuel E. Shutes, 
 who became the principal owner, was for two years Mayor of the 
 city. The establishment was in a large building in Front Street, be- 
 tween Third and Fourth Streets, and was well equipped. The busi- 
 ness failed in 1S74. 
 
 In i86g A. A. Bensel issued The Home, Farm and Orchard, an 
 eight page weekly, which he continued till 1876. 
 
 In October, 1875, The Daily Penny Post was published by an as- 
 sociation of printers. 
 
 The Daily Mail was first issued on Saturday, March 25, 1876, with 
 George F. Nelson, C. L. Williams and R. Kissam as proprietors. Its 
 size was fifteen bj- twenty inches, and it was sold almost exclusively 
 by newsboys on the street, its price being one cent. On the 24th of 
 April, John A. Mason, who had been employed as its editor, succeed- 
 ed George F. Nelson, and John B. Russell became an additional part- 
 ner. On the 26th of June The Penny Post, the pioneer of penny pa- 
 pers in this locality, was absorbed by The Mail, its name being added 
 to The Mail, and the paper became known as The Daily Mail 
 and Post, the firm of editors and publishers being known as 
 Russell & Co. 
 
 In 1877 William H. Brown issued from Charles Jannicky's printing 
 office in the Ferry Building The Independent, a morning daily. Its 
 publication ceased after a few months. 
 
 In the Fall of i883 William J. Cushing commenced the publication 
 of The Morning Star from the printing office of H, D. Morris. It lived 
 for two months. 
 
 THE DAILY AND SEMI-WEEKLY REGISTER (Dem.), 
 
 Was established in 1876, liy E. M. Ruttenber, when he consolidated 
 The Daily Mail and Post with The Telegraph. Mr. Ruttenber then 
 leased the newspaper plant to John B. Russell, John A. Mason and 
 C. L. WiUiams, retaining the job printing department for himself. 
 In 1877 he sold the newspaper to the firm of H. P. Kimber & Co. 
 (Herbert P. Kimber, John A. Mason and J. W. F. Ruttenber). Sub- 
 sequently J. W. F. Ruttenber retired, Mr. Kimber died May 26, 1883, 
 and John A. Mason became the sole proprietor. 
 
 Mr. Kimber will be remembered as a most estimable gentleman, 
 of quiet, dignified manner and sturdy character. Born in Wawayan- 
 da, in this county, he attended the Goshen Academy, and learned the 
 printing trade in the office of The Middletown Press. He was one 
 of the first to volunteer for the war, and joined Duryea's Zouaves. 
 In 1869, in partnership with E. M. Ruttenber, he purchased The 
 Goshen Republican, and subsequently bought Mr. Ruttenber's inter- 
 est. In 1874 he sold the establishment on account of illness. As 
 editor of The Register, local interests always foimd in him a stanch 
 supporter, and his enduring work on the press of this county tells its 
 own story of earnest endeavor directed by intelligent purpose. Called 
 
 to stand upon one of the watch-towers of his party, he was its vigi- 
 lant defender, always at his post, and winning and deserving the 
 support and esteem due to the zealous advocate of the political organ- 
 ization of his choice. 
 
 In the meantime the establishment had been moved from the 
 Centennial Building to the corner of Second and Smith Streets, where 
 it has ever since remained. In 1S85 Mr. Mason was appointed by 
 President Cleveland Deputy Collector of the Port of New York. 
 When the next change of administration came he resigned the posi- 
 tion and purchased The Harlem Local Reporter. In May, 1891, he 
 sold The Register to Francis A. Willard. In 1887 E. M. Ruttenber 
 sold the job printing department to Almet S. Moffat and John F. 
 Tucker, who were conducting The Register in the absence of Mr. 
 Mason. In July, 1891, Mr. Willard purchased Mr. Moffat's interest in 
 the job printing branch. 
 
 The Daily Register is a nine-column folio, 28x44 >^, and is issued 
 every evening except Sunday. The special wire of the United Press 
 enters the office, and the telegraphic report is received by an expert 
 operator, so that each evening The Register places before its readers 
 not only the day's doings in the city, but a resume of the latest news 
 throughout the world. The Semi-Weekly Register is a nine-column 
 folio, 28x44 >^ in size. The office is well equipped and employs usually 
 about twenty-five hands. 
 
 FRANCIS A. WILLARD, editor and proprietor of The Register, 
 
 , Ky. , August 23, 1856. His education was ob- 
 Union School and Academv, and Whitestown 
 
 was born at Midway 
 tained at Boonville 
 Seminary. In 1878- 
 79 he was clerk of 
 the Village of 
 Boonville. In 18S0 
 he was telegraph 
 editor of The Wat- 
 ertown Morning 
 Dispatch, and in 
 iSSi its managing 
 editor. In Septem- 
 ber, 1S82, he be- 
 came one of the 
 firm of Willard & 
 Sons, proprietors 
 of The Boonville 
 Herald, and during 
 the first year of the 
 existence of The 
 Utica Daily Press 
 in the campaign of 
 1882, he had charge 
 of the editorial 
 columns of that 
 paper. 
 
 In 1884 Mr. Wil- 
 lard was elected 
 Supervisor of the 
 Town of Boonville, 
 being the first 
 Democrat elected 
 
 to that office on a regular Democratic ticket since before the war. In 
 the session of 1885 he was the acknowledged leader of the Democratic 
 minority, although one of the youngest members of the board. In 
 18S5, also, he was unanimously nominated for Member of Assembly 
 by the Democrats of the third Oneida district, but he positively de- 
 clined to accept. He was the sole choice of the Democrats of Boon- 
 ville for postmaster, and in August, 1S86, he was appointed to that 
 position by President Cleveland. Had he desired it he could have 
 received the nomination for Congress in 188S and 1S90 from the 23d 
 Congressional District. May 9, i8gi, he purchased The Daily and 
 Weekly Register from John A. Mason. 
 
 FRANCIS A, WILLARD. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 179 
 
 JOHN F. TUCKER is the city editor of The Register, and j unior 
 member of the job printing firm of Willard & Tucker. He was 
 born in Poughkeepsie, July 3, 1S50, and entered upon his apprentice- 
 ship as a printer with Piatt & Schram, of The Eagle, in 1S64. While 
 
 engaged on that 
 paper as a compos- 
 itor, he assisted 
 George W. Davids, 
 the city editor, by 
 looking after minor 
 items of interest. 
 In 1S72 Mr. Tucker 
 left The Eagle, 
 and took charge of 
 the Government 
 printing office a t 
 the United States 
 Jlilitary Academy, 
 West Point, a posi- 
 tion he held for 
 twelve years, un- 
 der Generals 
 Thomas H. Ruger, 
 John M. Schofield, 
 ( ). O. Howard and 
 Wesley Merritt. In 
 18S4 he resigned 
 to become city ed- 
 itor of The Regis- 
 ter. Two years 
 later, with Mr. 
 Moffat, he purchas- 
 ed the job printing 
 plant of E. M. 
 Ruttenber, which has since been conducted in connection with The 
 Register. 
 
 Mr. Tucker is a member of Newburgh Lodge, No. 309, F. & A. M., 
 Highland Falls Lodge, No. 429, I. O. O. F., and Lawson Hose Com- 
 pany No. 5. He filled the office of District Deputy Grand Master of 
 Odd Fellows at a 
 time when the dis- 
 trict embraced the 
 whole of Orange 
 Count}-, now divid- 
 ed into three dis- 
 tricts. He is Secre- 
 tary of the New- 
 burgh Skating 
 Association, New- 
 burgh Council, No. 
 1,320, Ro)-aI Arca- 
 num, and of St. 
 George's Sunday 
 School: also a 
 Director of the 
 Young Men's 
 Christian Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 JOHN F. TUCKER. 
 
 ALMET S. 
 MOFFAT was 
 born in the Town 
 of Goshen, Oran,ge 
 County, N. Y., 
 August 9, 1853. He 
 is the son of Dan- 
 iel C. and JuUana 
 H. Moffat. His 
 
 ALMET S. MOFFAT, 
 
 parents were farmers and descendants of the Moffats and Howells, 
 
 who have for generations resided in the adjacent towns of Chester 
 and Blooming Grove. When he was five years of age his parents re- 
 moved to Rockford, Ills. His boyhood days were spent in this thriv- 
 ing Western city until 1S68, when his parents removed East, and at 
 the age of seventeen he was apprenticed to the printing trade in 
 the oihce of The Goshen Independent Republican, then owned 
 by the late Herbert P. Kimber. He worked at his trade in various 
 places, chief among which was the office of The New York Times, 
 where he was employed for a number of years. He left the 
 Times office in February, i885, and took editorial charge of The 
 Newburgh Daily Register upon the retirement of its then proprietor, 
 John A. Mason, who entered the service of the United States Gov- 
 ernment as a Deputy Customs Collector at New York City. Mr. 
 Moffat, a year later, with John F. Tucker, purchased the job print- 
 ing business of E. M, Ruttenber, which was consolidated with The 
 Daily Register. Mr. Motfat remained for four years as the editor and 
 business manager of the establishment. In May, 1891, Mr. Mason 
 disposed of his interest to F. A. Willard, and shortly after Mr. 
 Moffat also disposed of his interest to Mr. Willard and removed to 
 New York City, where he is now engaged conducting the job print- 
 ing business connected with The Harlem Local Reporter. 
 
 s s ss 
 
 THE DAILY AND SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL. 
 
 In 1S33 John D. Spalding disposed of his interest in The Gazette 
 and estabhshed The Weekly Journal, which he continued till 1843, 
 and then changed the name to The Highland Courier, which he con- 
 tinued until his death. Mr. Spalding's connection with the press of 
 Newburgh covered a period of thirty-eight years. He was the son of 
 Rev. Joshua Spalding, and was born in Salem, Mass., in 1800. He 
 came to Newburgh with his parents in 1815, and learned his trade 
 under Ward M. Gazlay, in the office of The Political Index. In 1822 
 he began to publish Tne Gazette. Samuel Parmenter was his part- 
 ner from 1825 to 1832, and for a short time John W. Knevels was a 
 partner. As an editor, Mr. Spalding exercised good judgment, and 
 his writings bear the imprint of a sincere and high-minded man. He 
 married Elizabeth L., daughter of the Rev. John Johnston, D. D. 
 He died in 1853. 
 
 After Mr. Spalding's death his widow conducted the paper with 
 the assistance of William E. Smiley, until 1855, when Mr. Smiley 
 purchased it. Mr. Smiley sold it to Edward Nixon in 1858, and he 
 disposed of the property to Rufus A. Reed in 1859, who changed 
 the name to The Highland Chieftain. 
 
 On the first of June, 1861, Cyrus B. Martin became the owner. Up 
 to this time the fortunes of the paper had varied but little, and a paper 
 of April 9, 1842, now before the writer of this, did not differ material- 
 ly from one of May, 1S61, nineteen years later. The peculiar fitness 
 of Mr. Martin for the profession was soon evinced by the change in 
 the appearance of the paper. A new font of type was immediately 
 put in the office, and, going back to first principles, he restored the 
 original name to his paper, and it was once more The Newburgh 
 Journal. From that time the paper grew steadily in influence and 
 circulation. On the fifth of July, 1862, the first number of The Daily 
 Journal was issued. The pressure of " war times" made its career, 
 at first, a labor of love on the part of its editor, its receipts not more 
 than paying expenses. After about two years its prosperity became 
 assured. It became a member of the Associated Press of the State 
 of New York in March, 1872, a franchise that affords it an equal op- 
 portunity of receiving the news of the world with that possessed by 
 the press in the largest cities of the State. 
 
 On March i, 1877, Samuel Ritchie, Lawrence C. Bodine and 
 Frank S. Hull became the proprietors, under the firm name of 
 Ritchie, Bodine & Hull. About ten months later Mr. Bodine retired, 
 and Ritchie & Hull have since been the proprietors. Fifteen years 
 have made many changes in The Journal. While the mdependence 
 and energetic political partisanship that won it prominence among 
 the journals of the State have been maintained, improvements have 
 been made in other directions. The daily has been enlarged several 
 times since 1877, and since 1887 a semi-weekly edition has been pub- 
 lished. The premises have been greatly enlarged, and a book-bindery 
 
i8o 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 has for a number of years been an important braneh of tlic establish- 
 ment. New nuiehinery, new type, new arrangements, and greater 
 facilities have kept The Journal abreast of the times. Since 1S85 the 
 ofhee has been connected with the Associated Press system by a special 
 leased wire, and a telegraph operator is employed to receive the dis- 
 patches. About twelve thousand words are received each day, so 
 that The Journal is able to lay before its readers each evening the 
 contemporaneous history of the world. In obtaining the news of the 
 vicinity it has the aid of a large corps of correspondents located m 
 the surrounding villages, some of whom have acted in that capacity 
 for more than a score of years. The correspondence department 
 is a popular feature of The Semi- Weekly Journal, and the basis of a 
 circulation not confined to our own county or State. As for local news. 
 The Journal is not given to sensationaUsm, but strives to tell only the 
 truth , giving all 
 the real news of 
 the day accurately, 
 concisely and in- 
 telligibly. Having 
 a firm belief that 
 the principles of 
 the Republican 
 party are the best 
 for the welfare of 
 the nation, it has 
 always been a 
 steadfast advocate 
 of those principles. 
 Likewise it has 
 been a reliable in- 
 dex of the city's 
 intelligence and 
 public spirit. With- 
 out ostentation it 
 has suggested pub- 
 lic improvements, 
 advocated reforms, 
 and exerted a 
 healthy and refined 
 influence in the 
 city's life. Its files 
 have furnished the 
 fullest history ex- 
 tant of the city 
 and county in 
 which it has been 
 published. It has 
 since its founding 
 been the leading 
 family paper of 
 this section, and on 
 its s u b s c r i p t i on 
 hsts are names of 
 those who have 
 taken it for more 
 than half a cen- 
 tury. The Journal printing house and book-bindery has every facility 
 requisite for its business. This book tells its own story of skill and 
 practice in this house. From thirty-five to forty hands are employed. 
 A number of the employees have been connected with the office a 
 great many years. William E. Smiley, once proprietor, is now the 
 foreman of the newspaper composing room. For many years it has 
 occupied the building Nos. 44 and 46 Second Street. In the basement is 
 the press room, on the first floor are the business office and bindery, 
 on the second floor the editorial, telegraph and composing rooms, and 
 on the third floor the job printing department. The Daily Journal is 
 issued every day, except Sunday, at 4.30 p. m., and served to sub- 
 scribers by carriers. It also has a large circulation on the railroads 
 and in the villages near by. The Semi-Weekly Journal is pubhshed 
 on Tuesdays and Fridays. 
 
 ,s born in Argvle, Washington County, 
 He received a common-school educa- 
 
 THE JOURNAL BUILDING— 44 and 46 Second Street 
 
 CVRUS B. MARTIN w 
 
 N v., September h, 1830. 
 tion In 1S45 he entered the office of The Glens Falls (N. Y.) Clarion 
 to learn the printer's trade, and was employed there five years, in- 
 chKling one year after his apprenticeship expired. From 1850 to 1855 
 he was a compositor on The Albany Journal, In the latter year he be- 
 cime one of the editors and publishers of The Chenango Telegraph, 
 ■It Norwich, N. Y. He remained there until the Spring of 1861, 
 when he sold his interest in The Telegraph, came to Newburgh, and 
 purchased The Highland Chieftain from Rufus A. Reed. He im- 
 proved its appearance by dressing it in new type and m other ways; 
 changed its name to The Newburgh Journal, and took up with energy 
 the tasks of his new position. In the following year The Daily Jour- 
 nal was estabhshed. Mr. Martin had not conducted the rejuvenated 
 
 paper long before 
 the people of New- 
 burgh perceived 
 that he was com- 
 pletely equipped 
 for his work. They 
 recognized in him 
 a vigorous thinker, 
 an incisive writer, 
 a man of positive 
 views and convic- 
 tions and fearless 
 in expressing them. 
 They also learned 
 to esteem him for 
 his integrity and 
 his genial traits, as 
 well as his abihties 
 as a public journal- 
 ist. He began his 
 work here when 
 the outbreak o f 
 war intensified the 
 feelings of the peo- 
 ple, and he was a 
 patriotic, aggres- 
 sive advocate of 
 the Union cause. 
 He did much to 
 mould and to 
 strengthen Union 
 sentiment in this 
 region, and the 
 " boys in blue" 
 found in him one of 
 their stanchest 
 friends. 
 
 Mr. Martin has 
 been a Repubhcan 
 ever since the par- 
 ty was organized, 
 and one of the de- 
 voted members and trusted counselors of that party. In past years 
 he took an active part in its conventions, local and general, has been 
 a member of its State Committee, and one of its Presidential Elec- 
 tors (1S80). 
 
 During his sixteen years' residence in Newburgh, many projects 
 of local importance were proposed. Those of them that commended 
 themselves to his sound judgment as calculated to promote the pros- 
 perity of the place received his cordial support, and many such enter- 
 prises have profited from that support. 
 
 Mr. Martin was warmly interested in all that concerned the well- 
 being of society. The cause of law and order had no sturdier cham- 
 pion. He was a judicious friend of the public school system of otir 
 city, and from 1868 to 1S73 was a useful member of our School Board. 
 He was also a Trustee of Washington's Headquarters from 1874 to 1877, 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 i8i 
 
 On the eve of his removal from Newburgh to Norwich, N. Y., in 
 the Spring of 1S77, after he had sold The Journal establishment, a 
 compUmeniary banquet was tendered to Mr. Martin by (jur leading 
 
 / 
 
 V 
 
 
 |j- 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 f- 
 
 ■"''^^ 
 
 ^^^^^^HPf'-" 
 
 
 .-. ,.^J 
 
 CYRUS B. MARTIN. 
 
 citizens. The estimate in which he and his work here were held was 
 well shown by the speeches made and the letters read on that occa- 
 sion. 
 
 The banquet was held in the United States Hotel on the evening 
 of April 20, 1877. The Committee of Invitation, acting in behalf of 
 leading citizens, consisted of Michael H. Hirschberg, Abram S. Cas- 
 sedy, John C. Adams, Peter Ward and Isaac C. Chapman. In their 
 letter inviting Mr. Martin to become the guest of the citizens of the 
 banquet the committee said; 
 
 " It is difficult to express in this formal invitation the kindliness and warmth 
 of the friendly feelings evoked. Your sixteen years' residence in our city, dur- 
 ing which The Journal has been built up as a valued institution, and during 
 which both in public and private station those qualities of head and heart have 
 been displayed which make us so keenly regret your contemplated departure, 
 constitutes the sufficient reason for, if not an adequate measure of, the hearti- 
 ness and sincerity of the invitation." 
 
 In his letter acknowledging the invitation Mr. .Martin wrote; 
 
 " In accepting the great honor which those you represent have tendered mc, 
 it is impossible not to feel that I am placing myself under added obligations to 
 a generous and kindly public sentiment which has followed and encouraged me 
 for many years, and for which— expressed as it has been in many ways, and un- 
 der widely varying circumstances— it is impossible to make known the full 
 measure of that grateful feeling with which it has been and will continue to be 
 cherished in my memory. This sentiment has reached me from all classes of 
 society, from men of opposite political faith and affiliations, and from very many 
 with whom my relations have been only those distant ones— and yet in a sense 
 familiar ones- which exist between an editor and his readers. And since my 
 retirement from the editorial chair there seems to have been a common purpose 
 in these different quarters to cover the path of ray retreat with the choicest (.f 
 flowers of friendly feeling— a purpose which has reached the unexpected cul- 
 mination made known in your generously-phrased note of invitation." 
 
 The Committee of Arrangements for the banquet consisted of Ur. 
 L. S. Straw, James W. Taylor, John R. Wiltsie, Arthur A. McLean, 
 J. H. H. Chapman, John C. Adams and John B. Kerr. 
 
 John J. S. McCroskery, Mayor of the city, presided. Among those 
 present, besides the gentlemen mentioned aloove, were Charles H. 
 Winfiekl, Daniel B. St. John, James G. Graham, Rev. Drs. Wendell 
 Prime and WiUiam K. Hall, Charles F. Brown, James Mackin, Ben- 
 jamin B. Odell, Chailes H. Weygant, Charles J. Lawson, Homer 
 Ramsdell, John Gait, Samuel P. Church, James W. Miller, David 
 Carson, M. C. Belknap, Halsey R. Stevens, WiUiam B. Brokaw, John 
 Schoonmaker, J. McC. Farrington, Eli Hasbrouek, James L. Teller, 
 William O. Mailler, Charles Caldwell, Charles H. Lyon, Samuel C. 
 ilills, William C. Lawson, Joseph Casterline and John Corwin. 
 
 When the tables were cleared Mayor McCroskery called the com- 
 pany to order and in the course of his remarks, introducing the 
 honored guest of the evening, said; 
 
 " It is my privilege as your Chairman to call upon many who are abundantly 
 able to express that appreciation (jf our guest, and the regret at parting from 
 him, which no one feels more keenly than I do. His work, his position, his in- 
 fluence, and his usefulness in this community are more than enough to account 
 for this compliment." 
 
 In concluding his remarks the Mayor ofifered the following toast; 
 " Our guest, Cyrus B. Martin. Esq.; We regret his departure from 
 Newburgh and his retirement from the Press, and tender to him our 
 best wishes for his future happiness and prosperity." 
 
 Many complimentary letters were read from personal friends of 
 Mr. Martin, among them Senator Roscoe Conking, Hon. Alonzo B. 
 Cornell, Hon. Thomas L. James, Ellis H. Roberts, of The Utica Her- 
 ald, S. C. Hutchins, of The Albany Argus, Charles E. Fitch, of The 
 Rochester Democrat, Benson J. Lossing, Hon. George M. Beebe and 
 Hon. M. D. Stivers. Speeches were made bj' Charles Emory Smith, 
 editor of The Albanj' Journal, now LTnited States Minister to Russia; 
 Senator Daniel B. St. John, Hon. Charles H. Winfield, Hon. J. G. 
 Graham, and the Rev. Wendell Prime. 
 
 In Norwich Mr. ilartin has been a busy man, having large inter- 
 ests to oversee. He is President of the David Maydole Hammer Co., 
 
 SAMUEL RITCHIE. 
 
 one of the largest concerns in that line of industry. He is also Presi- 
 dent of the Chenango National Bank, a solid and prosperous institu- 
 tion, and is engaged in other enterprises in that thriving village. 
 
l82 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Mr. Martin married, in 1S58, Ann Vernette, daiiKhtcr of David 
 Maydole, of Norwich. Four of their children, three daughters and a 
 son, have grown to mature years. Mrs. Martin died in June, 18S5. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL RITCHIE -41 Liberty Street-Washington Heights. 
 
 During her residence here she was held in high esteem for her excel- 
 lence of character and her unostentatious activity in .good work. 
 While domestic in her tastes and deeply devoted to home and family, 
 her sympathetic spirit went beyond her home and found exercise in 
 quiet ministrations to the destitute. The Home for the Friendless 
 found in her one of its warmest friends and wisest managers. 
 
 SAMUEL RITCHIE, second son of Robert L. and Sarah F. 
 Ritchie, was born in Larne, Ireland, July 3, 1836. Came to this 
 country with his parents in 1839, and has lived in Newburgh since 
 then, except during the year 1867. Received a common school edu- 
 cation. Became a reporter for The Journal March i, 18&5, and has 
 been its editor and one of its proprietors since March i, 1877. Mar- 
 ried, in May, 1869, Kate L., daughter of the late James F. Kelly. 
 
 FRANK S. HULL, of the firm of Ritchie & Hull, was born in 
 Newburgh June 6, 1853. He received an education in the ordinary 
 English branches in one of the public schools of the village, and in 
 several private schools both in and out of Newburgh. The printing 
 business had a fascination for him in his boyhood, and when thirteen 
 years of age he began the publication and printing of The American 
 Eagle, a small, amateur paper — the second one of its kind in the place. 
 The first one was The Union Jack, printed and published by Master 
 A. Ludlow Case, a son of Admiral Case, U. S. N., and it was from 
 this lad that Master Hull received his earliest lessons in type-setting. 
 He published The American Eagle with but little interruption until 
 1868, and the sheet was enlarged several times during that period. 
 The place of publication was changed from Newburgh to Millerton 
 
 and West New Brighton. N. Y. respectively, as his residence was re- 
 moved thereto. 
 
 In 1870 he returned to Newburgh and obtained employment in the 
 compo.sing room of The Journal office, where he was able to turn to 
 gocxl account his previous few years' experience with type and ink as 
 an amateur printer. Mr. Hull has been continuously in The Journal 
 ofHce since then, with the exception of one year (1876), when he was 
 f(jreman of The Middletown (N. Y.) Press ofifiee. Resigning his po- 
 sition which he held in Middletown on March i, 1877, he entered into 
 co-partnership with Samuel Ritchie and Lawrence C. Bodine, and the 
 firm purchased of Cyrus B. Martin the Journal establishment. In De- 
 cember following Jlr. Bodine's interest was acquired by the other two 
 partners, who have since continued the pubhshing, printing and book- 
 binding business. 
 
 iMr. Hull is President of the Young Men's Christian Association, a 
 Steward in Trinity M. E. Church, and one of the five Newburgh rep- 
 resentatives in the Advi,sory board of the Orange County Agricul- 
 tural Society. 
 
 He is the eldest son of Dr. Duane and the late Sarah S. Hull. 
 His father was a well-known dentist here nearly thirty years ago, 
 who, it is worthy of note, originated several valuable inventions, one 
 of the most important of which was the "facing" of the iron 
 "guards" on the mowing machine with cast steel, to afford a keen 
 and durable cutting-edge for the knives to operate across. This 
 invention very greatly reduced the draught or labor of drawing the 
 machine through and cutting the grass, and proved to be such a 
 great improvement over the cutting apparatus previously in use, that 
 the " facing " of mowing machine " guards " with east steel is a very 
 important part of the design of this great labor-saving machine to 
 this day. Through some defect in the formal application Dr. Hull 
 did not secure a patent for his invention. Nevertheless the mitold 
 
 FRANK S, HULL, 
 
 benefits from it are now being reaped by the farmers throughout the 
 world, as well as by the mowing machine manufacturers. Persons 
 are living in Newburgh now who attended the competitive mowing 
 machine trials in the vicinity when Dr. Hull's improvement was 
 
NEW BURGH 
 
 i8 
 
 o 
 
 ishioned 
 n cciurse 
 
 tested with marvelous results in comparison with the nlil 
 machines. About that time a hirn'c number <•( machines i 
 of construction for Dr. 
 Hull at the Washington 
 Iron Works were totally 
 destroyed by a boiler ex- 
 plosion there. 
 
 Frank S. Hull married 
 in 1SS2, Ida, daughter 
 of the late James Wey- 
 gaut. They have two 
 children, Jlarjorie W. and 
 Stanley W. 
 
 THE DAILY EVEN- 
 ING NEWS 
 Was estabhshed in iSt.5, 
 by William H. Kecfc. It 
 is an eight-column folio 
 26x3'). It is sold at one 
 cent a copy, and has a 
 fair share of the pulilic 
 patronage. The printing- 
 house is at 126 Broadway. 
 Mr. Keefe received hi> 
 newspaper training in 
 The Journal office, and 
 \Tas for a number of 
 years city editor. lie 
 resigned that position in 
 February-, 13S4, to become Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue 
 
 -•'^f9-'ms» 
 
 RESIDENCE OF FRANK 
 
 HULL — 16 Bjy Vii 
 
 -Washington Heights. 
 
 THE DAILY EVENING PRESS iDem.i, 
 
 Was estabhshed by James G. Dunphy in 18SS. It is an eight-column 
 foho 25x39, and is issued every day except Sunday, price one cent. 
 The printing house is at 123 Broadway, and is a large and well equip- 
 ped establishment. 
 -Mr. Dunphy, the 
 edit(jr and proprie- 
 tor, was born in the 
 City of Newburgh, 
 August 21, 1S42. 
 received a com- 
 mon school educa- 
 tion and learned 
 the printing busi- 
 ness under E. JI. 
 Ruttenber in this 
 city. With the ex- 
 ception of two 
 \-ears and a half 
 he has lived here 
 all his life and been 
 active in the " art 
 ])reservative of all 
 arts." In 1SS3 he 
 embarked in busi- 
 ness on liis own 
 account, confming 
 liis efforts to job 
 printing until 1888, 
 when he fr]unded 
 The Press, a Dem- 
 ocratic newspaper, 
 jA'/iE'-. ', ijiJiiHH^ which lias been 
 
 successfid. Untir- 
 ing energy, combined with a practical knowledge of his business, has 
 enabled him to overcome the usual obstacles which meet the average 
 
 newspaper foumler, and at this writing he is considered to be on the 
 
 ■■ high road to fame and fortune." His parents, Edward and Mary 
 
 Dunphy, emigrated to 
 this country from Ireland 
 in the latter part of the 
 decade beginning \v i t h 
 1S30, and settled in New- 
 burgh. .Mr. I lunphy lias 
 numerous brothers and 
 sisters, all of whom had a 
 literary turn of mind, and 
 three of them entered the 
 ministry of llie Catholic 
 Church, one became an 
 .M. D., and one sister 
 cliose a religious life. 
 I )cath has Ijccn busy in 
 tliis family as in all 
 others. Tile father of 
 the subject of this sketch, 
 one sister anil live brotli- 
 ers are dead. Three 
 lirothersand three sisters 
 and his mother are liv- 
 ing. Jlr. Dimphy married 
 in this city. Miss B. A. 
 f'.annon in 1S71. One son, 
 lidward, and two dangh- 
 lers, Jennie and Mary, 
 were born of the union. 
 Mr. Dunphy exercises 
 
 excellent judgment in the conduct n( his paper, and is a p(jwer in 
 
 the Democratic ]iarty. 
 
 s >. » <>» 
 
 THE SUNDAY TELEGRAM 
 
 Is a seven-column quarto, which has a large circulation in the city 
 and neighboring towns on Sunday. It is bright, newsy and racy. 
 It is retailed for 
 five cents. It was 
 estalilished m 
 iNIareh, iSAij, by J. 
 W. F. Ruttenber, 
 a thorrmgh news- 
 jjaper man and the 
 son of Edward M. 
 Ruttenber. T h e 
 Telegram express- 
 es an opinion that 
 carries weight on 
 all the questions of 
 the day. Its com- 
 ments on current 
 events are always 
 interesting. 
 
 J. W. F. RUT- 
 TENBER was 
 horn in Xewburgh. 
 1 lecember X4, 1857, 
 and received a 
 common-school ed- 
 ucation. After lie- 
 j 11 g L-oniiected 
 several years with 
 his father in the 
 printing Ijusiness 
 
 in this city, lie was continuously attacheil to newspapers both 
 liurgh and elsewhere, and commenced the pnlilication 
 
 J W, F. RUTTENBER. 
 
 in New- 
 of The 
 
1 84 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Xewburgh Sundav Tclefjram in Maixli, i-is.i. AUli'Hii;li lull ,u 
 years of aj;-L', >[r. Riittcnbrr has been a newspaper man loi- t\venl\' 
 years, his first experienee beinn' witli The Index, an amateur paper 
 published in Newburyh by liim in 1S71J-71. The Tele;<ram is non- 
 partisan and, cnntining itseif to live loeal ti'pies of interest to New- 
 burgh and close vieinit\', became an ael^nowdcd^cd success in the 
 first month of its existence. 
 
 EDWARD M, RUTTENBER was born in the Town ol' Hennini;- 
 ton, \'t.. ■>f HoUand-Enghsh New England ancestry dating back to 
 the earlv part of the 17th century. He entered the printing business 
 in the office of The Vermont Gazette, at Bennington, in 1837; removed 
 to Newburgh in tiie Fall of 1S3S, and was an indentured apprentice to 
 Charles U. Cushman, in the office of The Newburgh Telegraph; was 
 transferred to The Newburgh Gazette in 1835, and returned to The 
 Telegraph as its foreman in 1S45; purchased the establishment in 
 1S50; added to it in 1852 the office of The Newburgh Excelsior, and 
 
 subsequently, l)y 
 consolidation, the 
 office of The New- 
 burgh Gazette and 
 Daily News, and 
 remained in the 
 business of print- 
 ing, with the ex- 
 ception of the years 
 1S64-65 (when he 
 was connected 
 with the Bureau of 
 Jlilitary Statistics, 
 at Albany), until 
 1SS7, when he ac- 
 cepted the appoint- 
 ment of vSuperin- 
 t e n d e n t o f t h e 
 Folding Depart- 
 ment >^t the (70V- 
 ernment Printing 
 Dffice at ^^■ashing-- 
 t o n , in w h 1 c h 
 capacit\" he ser^-ed 
 until the Spring of 
 I ■'Sit, when he re- 
 signed. 
 
 In adilition to 
 
 editorial and me- 
 
 and publisher of a 
 
 f the Flags (.f 
 
 RUTTENBER 
 
 ehanical labors, .Mr. kuttenber was the write 
 "History of Xewlnirgli," in 1859; of a "History 
 New ^'ork's Regiments," in T.S65, published bv the State; a " His- 
 tory of the Obstructions to the Navigation of Hudson's River," 
 in 1866, published by Ji->el D. Munsell, at Albany; a "History 
 of the Indian Tribes of Hudson's River," in 1S72, published by Mun- 
 sell, and a " History of Drange Count\-," in iSSi , published by I'^varts 
 iV- Peck, of Philadelphia— works which are regarded asauthorit\- n])on 
 the subiects treated, and which bear with them flu- evidence ol ex- 
 haustive research and ability as a writer. In thc-~e and in man\ 
 other \va\'S lie has renrlered invalualile services t(.> Newburgh. The 
 eoni])iler of this book acknowledges his indebtedness to Mr. Riitten- 
 ber's writings for many historical facts embodied herein. 
 
 For sixteen \'eju's he served as a member ol the P>oartl of Educa- 
 tion, and for about eighteen months he was Superintendent of the 
 Schools. With this exception he never held elective official position. 
 His life has indeed been a busy one, nearly all of his literary labors 
 having been performed in hours that are usually set apart for rest 
 and recreation. During his connection with the press of Newburgh 
 he added the first cylinder press and the first steam engine employed 
 in printing in Newburgh, and was connected with the first daily news- 
 paper which was published here. He married, in 1S47, Matilda A., 
 
 ilaughter (.f .Mark .Mclntyrc, and has two sons, Charles B., an organ- 
 ist and teacher of music in New Vork, and James W. F., publisher 
 of The Newburgh Sunday Telegram. 
 
 Mr. Ruttenber has alwa>s done what he could for the honor and 
 ])rosperity of the community. Without detracting from the credit 
 due to others, he may justly entertain feelings of pride in the con- 
 tribution of elTort wdiich he has made to many business undertakings; 
 to tile establishment of our system of public schools; to the success- 
 ful founrling of the free library, sustained by ]>ublic tax— the first of 
 its character in the State, and which is literally a child of his own; to 
 the development of an interest in the Headquarters of Washington, 
 resulting in advantages wdiieh the public would not now relinquish; 
 to the permanent investment of the revenues from that ancient and 
 useful trust, the Glebe, in a memorial educational structure which 
 shall make its impress on generations. It was fitting, therefore, that 
 a number of the representative citizens of Newburgh, desirous of 
 testifying in a public manner not only their esteem for him as a citi- 
 zen, but especially their high appreciation of his valuable labors in 
 tracing out and preserving the history of their own city and also all 
 this region of country from its earliest settlement, which has aided 
 largelv m securing for our locality a wider and higher recognition in 
 every portion of our land, should most cordially invite him (February, 
 iSgi) to be their guest at a social dinner. In a letter declining this 
 distinguished honor, Mr. Ruttenber said: 
 
 " The invitation which it cr.nveys is itself a priceless testimonial of the good- 
 will of many with whom I have walked in relations of personal regard from 
 youth to the present time, and of others who have Ci.tme upon the stage of action 
 in later years, with whom my intercourse has not been less pleasant. Accept- 
 ing it in the spirit in which it is offered, and with the most sincere thanks, I 
 must, in respect to mv own feelings, decline the more formal acknowledgment 
 which it proposes. A toiler in the ranks from my youth up. and largely with- 
 drawn from the walks of leisure in the prosecution of studies to ^vhich an ir- 
 resistible natural impulse led me, I have had my reward in the satisfaction 
 which those studies afforded in rescuing from oblivion and preserving the 
 services which others have performed for God and countrv and fellow-men." 
 
 ■WILLIAM SCHRAM for tliirty-one years was a journaUst. His 
 
 rir>t experience as a printer was in the office of The Utica Observer, 
 in 1824; and he had been there only two years w-hen he was made 
 foreman of the office. In 1S34 
 Mr. Schrani removed to 
 Poughkeepsie, where he se- 
 cured a half-interest in the 
 publication of The Pough- 
 keepsie Journal, which, un- 
 der the firm name of W. 
 Schram \- Co., he continued 
 to publish for ten vears. On 
 January i, 1S44, The Jour- 
 nal was consolidated with 
 ■|'he Weekly Fa.gle, then 
 published by Isaac Piatt, 
 and the firm of Piatt \- 
 Schram c(.n ti n u ed until 
 .\pril 1. rSoj, w li c 11 Mr. 
 Schram sold his 1111^0^,1 t^ 
 John I. Piatt, a son of Isaac 
 Mr. Schram r <.' m o \- i> d t,, 
 Xcwliurgh in i.soS, liut did 
 not immediately enter into 
 .'ictive business. Later he 
 started the job ]irinting busi- 
 ness, which he now carries 
 on at the northeast corner of 
 Water and Third Streets. 
 
 Mr. Schrani was born in Schuyler, Herkimer County, N. Y., April 
 18. 1S07. His wife was Sarah H., daughter of Nicholas Hallock, a 
 widely-known jireacher of the Hieksite persuasion, residing at Mil- 
 bin, Ulster County, N. V, Mr. Sehram's family c<msisted of four 
 sons and one daughter, who, together with his wife, are now dead. 
 
 WILLIAM SCHRAM 
 
THE POST OFFICE. 
 
 jjlIE Xcwburo-h I'nst Office lias occupied its present rent- 
 ed quarters in tlie basement of the Biglcr Building;-, 
 corner of Smith and Third Streets, since J[ay i, iS66, 
 with the exception of the period from January i, iSSS, 
 till October, iSSi), when the office was in the buildin.i;- 
 on the northwest corner of Front and Second Streets. 
 Previously the office was on the south side of Second 
 Street, between Water and Front, and at a still earlier period in 
 Third Street, between Water and Smith. 
 
 During the last session of Congress the sum of Sioo,ooo was ap- 
 propriated for a building for the Post Office and other government 
 offices in this city, and a site has been purchased on the southeast 
 comer of Montgomery and Second Streets. 
 
 The following is a list of postmasters up to the present time, with 
 the date of their appointment: 
 
 Ebenezer Foote. December, 17.J3. 
 Henry Caldwell. 
 Daniel Birdsall. 
 Chester Clark. 
 
 Aaron Belknap, March 26, 1813. 
 Tooker Wygant. Xov. 26, 1S30. 
 A. C. llulliner. !May 23. 1833. 
 Benjamin H. Mace. Xov. 23, iS3''>. 
 Oliver Davis. June 17. 1S41. 
 James Belknap. May it. 1S43. 
 
 Samuel \V. Eager, August 6, 184.J. 
 Joseph Casterline, jr., May 4, 1853. 
 Ezra Farrington, May 22, 1861. 
 James H. Reeve, November i, 1866. 
 Henry Major, May 7, 1867.* 
 Joseph Lomas, August 22, 1867. 
 Ezra Farrington, July ig, 1869. 
 John C. Adams, April i, 1875. 
 Joseph M. Dickey, ilarch 21, 1S83. 
 William R. Brown, April 8. 1SS7. 
 William G. Taj^gart, April 2, i8gi. 
 
 The present deputy postmaster is William C. Chambers. IJuring 
 Mr. Dickey's administration the business of the office and the popu- 
 lation of the city had increased to such an extent that in 1884 a 
 corps of letter-carriers was authorized. Since then the number of 
 carriers has been increased from six to twelve. Mail matter is not 
 only delivered and collected in all parts of the city, but in the suburbs 
 as well. 
 
 The following is a brief summary of what has been done at the 
 Xewburgh office since April i, 18S3: 
 
 [•OST.AL MljXEV ORI)t:ks 
 
 KECEIPTS. (Issued and paid.) 
 
 1884 $24,057 04 .$ 76,414 36 
 
 1885 24,40321 77.90039 
 
 1886 26,44182 78,36642 
 
 1887 27,95991 82,09044 
 
 188S 31,43314 88,22965 
 
 1889 34,38766 110,5156.3 
 
 1890 35.114 24 103,097 35 
 
 1891 44-541 4- 102,418 98 
 
 STATISTICS FOR THK YEAR EXDIXG .MARCH 31, IWH. 
 
 Xumber of Letter Carriers '-■ 
 
 ■■ Clerks in Office 6 
 
 " ■■ Letter Bo.\es in City 68 
 
 " r;utside of City 4 
 
 " Xewspaper and Package Boxe.s in City '■ 
 
 Sales of Stamps, Stamped Envelopes, Postal Cards, etc., 
 
 for year ending March 31, 1891 > ;4.54' 42 
 
 E.xcess over 1888 it '08 28 
 
 Excess over 1889 ' 5 ! 76 
 
 Decrease in year 1890 57- 82 
 
 Dei.ivp;kif.s By Cakkipiks. 
 
 Registered Pieces Delivered 2,652 
 
 Letters Delivered 1,015.510 
 
 Po.stal Cards Delivered 183,832 
 
 Newspapers Delivered 755,59'-= 
 
 Total Delivered by Carriers 1,957,586 
 
 T,,t:il Deliveries. ,f Mail l)y Carriers and from Po.st Of- 
 
 ticu ( Ii^stiniateil) .-,50f,.ooo 
 
 I>aily -\vcrage of Mail Delivered by Carriers and Fr-mi 
 
 Post Office (Estimated) 1-.850 
 
 COLLECTIO.N'S ]:\ C.\KKiEKS. 
 
 Letters Collected 817,714 
 
 Postal Cards Collected 142,722 
 
 Newspapers " 123,355 
 
 Total Collected by Carriers 1,083,791 
 
 Total Pieces Delivered and Collected by Carriers 3,041,^77 
 
 Number of Daily Collections by Carriers 40 
 
 " " Deliveries " " 34 
 
 " " Mails Received Per Day 52 
 
 " " " Dispatched " " 46 
 
 WILLIAM G. TAGGART, Postmaster, was born in Newburgh, 
 Xovember 20, iS5(,. He is a sou of Archibald Taggart, who has 
 been an active business man here for many years. Mr. Taggart 
 attended the public schools of this city, passing successfully through 
 
 * A special officer of the Post Office Department, who held the place in c.ii- 
 .sequence of the refusal of the Senate to confirm the appointments -if Presiilenl 
 Johnston. 
 
 WILLIAIVl G. TAGGART, 
 
 the various departments, and lieiu.g graduated with the class of '73 at 
 the Newburgh Academy. After leaving school he interested himself 
 in his father's meat business. For fourteen years he has been an 
 active fireman, ;uid is now Foreman of Ringgold Hose Company. 
 l"or several years he was Clerk of the Board of Excise. lie is a 
 member of Xcwliurgli Lodge, I'. iV .\, M., Highland Chapter, ;uk1 of 
 
 |i.S5l 
 
1 86 
 
 NEW BURGH 
 
 Hudson River L'ommainlerv, K. 'l'.. and ;i 'Prnslee nf the Masniiie 
 Hall Association. He is also a Direetor cf tlie iMuehattoes Lake lee 
 Company. 
 
 At an early aj^-e he became active in local polities, and for years 
 past has been one of the most efficient sujiporters and a most watcli- 
 ful care-taker of his local part v. Vnv a number of years he was 
 Inspector of Elections in the Second Ward, the onlv elective ]iolitical 
 office he has held. He lias also liecn fi.r a nnndier of \-ears a mem- 
 ber of the Republican Cniinty L'onimitlee. In iSSS he was the 
 unanimous choice of his pai ty fnr tlie nomination for County Clerk, 
 an honor, eon.siderint; his lony and faithful service to the party, most 
 fittingly bestowed, llrs pupnlarity in his native citv was such that 
 his majority in Newburgh was i.ojo. In his candidacy for the post 
 office he received the endorsement of tlie party organization as well 
 as that of a large number of prominent citizens. 
 
 WILLIAM R. BROWN was bom in the Town of Xewbnrgli, ()e- 
 t<ibcr2, i.'^4i, at the family huiiiustcad, imw occupied by liis sister, 
 Mrs. Anna E. Higginsc.n, and near the home of his brother, lion. C. 
 F. Brown, Judge of the Court of Appeals. His fatlier. Judge John 
 W. Brown, one of the most eminent jurists (.f his dav, early designed 
 
 WILLIAM R, BROWN. 
 
 him for the profession of llic law, but being of very active tciniiera- 
 ment WilUani preferred to east his lines in the busy marts of com- 
 merce, and at the early age of fifteen he accepted a position in the of- 
 fice of a large commission house in New York City. Afterwards for 
 some years he was engaged in an extensive lumber business at Toledo, 
 Ohio. fJn his return to Newburgh he engaged in a wholesale grain 
 and flour business, and in 1868 founded the Newburgh Plaster Works. 
 
 He started this business in a small way against powerful competi- 
 tion. l\v leased rich gypsum beds in Nova Scotia and was able to 
 imder.sell his eom])ctitors in the market. During those years he 
 traveled extensively tliroughout the American continent, from Syd- 
 ney, Cape Breton, to San Francisco, and from the Rio Grande to 
 Winnipeg, Manitoba. There is hardly a city of any importance on 
 this continent which lie has not visited and where he is not personally 
 known. He relinquished the plaster works in 1S76 and went to 
 Texas, remaining till iSSi, when he returned to Newburgh and again 
 entered the wholesale grain trade. Several years ago he organized a 
 syndicate to liuild a large grain elevator here, but the plan was never 
 carried out. He recently retired from the grain trade altogether, 
 Mr. Brown was part owner of the famous yacht W. R. Brown, which 
 competed in several exciting regattas in Newburgh Bay and else- 
 where during the existence of the Newburgh Yacht Club. 
 
 He was ajipointed Postmaster April S, 1S87. Summoned before 
 the President the [irccediiig ilay he was asked if he would accept the 
 oflice. Mr. I'rown rc|)licd that lie was a businessman and not a pol- 
 itician; that he had not sought the position, but if appointed he would 
 conduct tile offiLu on the same principles lie use^l ill the management 
 of his own business, and that if it were desired he sliould take the of- 
 fice upon that conditi<in, he would accept. Congress was not in ses- 
 sion, but the appointment was confirmed by the Senate December 21. 
 
 When Mr. Brown entered the office there were only six letter car- 
 riers, but soon afterward he increased the force by one footman, and 
 succeeded in securing permission to employ also a mounted postman 
 to deliver mail in the Balniville district. Shortly after that he secured 
 the appointment of a second mounted postman to deliver in the Town 
 of New Windsor. When the eight-hour law went into effect he se- 
 cured an increase to the force of three additional foot carriers. On 
 the first of July, 1S90, he extended the deliverv into the Western sub- 
 urbs. 
 
 This is said to be the only city in the United States where the 
 mounted-carrier ser\ice prevails outside of the city limits. 
 
 The service has been also increased in the dispatching of mail, so 
 that almost every train arriving at and departing from Newburgh 
 now either brings or takes away mail matter. 
 
 Mr. Brown has been one of our most enterprising and wide-awake 
 citizens, and one of the most useful members of the Board of Trade. 
 He was probably the greatest factor in the long campaign to secure 
 the public building. Although efforts had been made to obtain an 
 appropriation several years prior to his taking office, no success was 
 arrived at, because the Post Office Department declined to consider 
 an appropriation for a building in a city of this size, where the whole 
 expense of maintenance, the outlay and the interest thereon must be 
 chargeable to only one department, namely, the Post Office. It was 
 through Jlr. Brown's demonstration to the government that New- 
 burgh was made a port of delivery, and a permanent customs officer 
 and a I'nitcd States Commissioner appointed, thus making four Gov- 
 ernment departments, viz.: Post Office, Customs, Internal Revenue 
 and United States Commissioner, to occupv the public building and 
 share the expense. Thus the way was opened b\' which the 
 passage of the public building appropriation was secured the past 
 Winter, through the efforts of Congressman Stivers and our Senators, 
 and the personal appeals of a B..ard ..f Trade Committee, of which 
 Mr. Brown was chairman. 
 
 Mr. Brown was appointed Warden of Sing Sing Prison March 23, 
 1S91. He married Mary Alice Townsend, of Canterbury, Orange 
 County, who died in January, 1S91, leaving one son and three 
 daughters. 
 
REAL ESTATE 
 
 \ 
 
 EWBURGH being a city with permanent and diversified 
 maniifacturing interests, and having the command of 
 a wide trade territory, it has in consequence a steady 
 growth, and the values of real estate show a steady 
 increase. Property bought with reasonable judgment 
 is certain to increase in value. Fortunes have been 
 and are being made in real estate in Newburgh, and 
 large investments will be rewarded by liberal returns. The market 
 is a healthful one. Purchasers of vacant property rarely leave it long 
 unoccupied. Prices are not based on speculative prospects, and con- 
 sequently are not subject to violent fluctuations. 
 
 Compactness is a characteristic of the city. We have a large pop- 
 ulation within narrow bounds. With the river as its eastern limit, 
 and while the wide and deep chasm of the Quassaick Creek is the 
 southern boundary, the growth of Newburgh must be restricted to 
 certain directions. Concentration has been the invariable rule in the 
 growth of the place. It is not a sprawling, over-grown village, with 
 "here a little and there a little" over a wide territory; but a solid, 
 substantial city, with metropolitan characteristics and conveniences. 
 Not till almost every foot of available frontage on Water, Front, 
 Smith, Colden and High Streets was occupied did the builders of the 
 city begin to go west. Previous to 1S50 the village, with a population 
 of more than seven thousand, was mainly included in the district 
 bounded by Liberty Street on the West, Washington Street on the 
 South, and Clinton Street on the north. A few years later Lander, 
 Chambers, Johnston and Dubois Streets were opened. In 1868, after 
 the incorporation of the cit}', many new streets were laid out in the 
 western part, and old ones extended. In recent years the growth has 
 been toward the south, and has reached the Quassaick, the limit of 
 extension in that direction. 
 
 Land has been economized to a remarkable degree, and except in 
 the northern part comparativelj- little of it is used for ornamental pur- 
 poses. A city lot here usually' means a plot having a frontage of 25 
 feet and a depth of 100 feet. Within the fire limits buildings are con- 
 structed of brick and stone. The streets are generally tightly built, 
 and in the central part of the city vacant lots are rare. Flats and 
 apartment houses have become a feature of Newburgh realty. 
 
 BUSIXES.S I'ROPERTY. 
 
 Front Street is nearest the river, and gives access to all the steam- 
 boat landings and railroads. The two principal hotels, wholesale 
 houses, factories, coal and lumber yards, the telegraph office, etc., 
 are situated on this street. There are few, if any, unoccupied sites. 
 The east side is generally dock property that has not changed hands 
 in generations. The West Shore Railroad cut off the rear of lots on 
 the west side. Two pieces of property, occupied by old rookeries, 
 were recently' sold for S200 per foot. 
 
 Business property of the first rank lies on Water Street, between 
 First and Fourth, and is worth from .SSoo to Si, 200 per foot, on the 
 basis of recent sales. North of Fourth Street prices are considerably 
 lower. In Colden Street there is a marked difference between values 
 on different parts of the street, property on the west side being gen- 
 erally more valuable than on the east, and locations near First Street 
 better than those near Broadway, so that pnces vary all the way 
 from S200 to S550 per foot. 
 
 Holders of first-class business property are reluctant to sell. Nor 
 is this surprising when the rapid appreciation of values and rentals 
 is considered. Stores, large and .small, in good locations for retail 
 trade will a\'erage 8100 a month rental. Water Street is over- 
 
 crowded; business is concentrated in too small a space. We have 
 long felt the need of a popular business street up-town, near the cen- 
 ter of population. Broadway has relieved Water Street in some de- 
 gree, and on the north side it is lined for a long distance with small 
 retail shops, principal^ groceries, markets, drugstores and saloons. 
 It is the main highway from the western country, and there are 
 many who believe it will in time be the principal thoroughfare. 
 Property on the north side of the street is held at high prices. Some 
 very fine buildings have recently been erected there, and in other 
 cases valuable sites are occupied by antiquated structures, so that 
 there is a wide range in values. On the north side, east of Dubois 
 Street, property is valued at from $350 to $550 a foot. 
 
 Liberty Street, between Broadway and Renwick, has become a 
 busy street since the building of the Heights, and portions of Second, 
 Third and Smith Streets are valued highly for business purposes. 
 
 RESIDENCE PROPERTY. 
 
 The highest-priced land for residential pui'poses is in Grand Street. 
 Recent sales have fixed the price of building sites between First and 
 Chnton Streets at $200 per foot; north of Clinton Street from $100 to 
 $150 per foot. Liberty Street, which is next west of Grand Street, 
 has a few unoccupied sites, valued at 8125 to §175 per foot, between 
 First and South. Hudson Terrace is another favorite residence street. 
 On the east side, which affords a view of the river, land is worth S150 
 per foot, and <in the west side about $100 per foot. There are a few 
 lots in Chambers Street, between South and Campbell Streets — a very 
 desirable neighborhood — valued at from $60 to S80 per foot; and 
 others in Johnston Street, between South and Farrington Streets, at 
 S40 per foot. There are a few lots remaining in South Street, west 
 of Johnston Street, held at from S40 to 850 a foot. Dubois Street, 
 between Broadway and First Street, is one of the finest blocks in the 
 city. Lots in that street from First Street to Gidney Avenue range 
 from 840 to $25 per foot. Lots on Prospect, Stone and Carter Streets 
 are selling at from S200 to $400 each. 
 
 One of the most delightful residence sections is Washington 
 Heights, opened up five years ago. It now contains a large popula- 
 tion of the better class, and some of the handsomest dwellings in the 
 city. East of Lander Street lots with a frontage of 25 feet are selling 
 for 8550 to 81.500, according to location. Bay View Terrace and Lib- 
 erty Street sites being preferred. Lots west of Liberty Street are 
 valued at from 8250 to 8500 each. But in the present condition of the 
 city's progress it is not likely that these prices will long remain as 
 quoted, as the demand is causing a steady appreciation in values. 
 
 SUBURBAN PROPERTY. 
 
 A wealthy population occupies the broad avenues just beyond the 
 city limits. Beautiful parks surround spacious mansions. Grand 
 Avenue begins at the northern city line, and runs northward along 
 the crown of the hill which slopes down to the river. It affords a 
 view of the Hudson for miles, Land is worth from $2,000 to 82,500 
 per acre, with very little to be had at any price. Powelton Avenue 
 runs in the same direction as Grand Avenue, but is farther west. Land 
 is valued from 8500 to S7<"> per acre. Quassaick Avenue extends 
 from Quassaick Creek southward. Land for suburban residences is 
 quoted at from 8600 to 8800 per acre within a mile of the city limits, 
 but there is very little for sale, as it is mostly held by wealthy people 
 who do not care to sell. In the vi'estern suburbs, within a short dis- 
 tance of the city, land is held at from 8200 to 8300 per acre. [1S7] 
 
i88 
 
 N E W B U H G II . 
 
 kKXTS. 
 TliL- rental valuL-nfu first class lii>iis(.- with all inodrrn imiirovr- 
 ments, in liraml. Libcrtv "V Iludstui Terraeu is Sj r Si( iicr an- 
 num, and such houses are lew in number. Houses of llie si'cond 
 
 '■ THE ARNO "—see Grand Street 
 
 class, or rather those in less fashionable localities, bring from $20 to 
 $30 a month. Flats rent from $15 to S25, according to location. 
 There are many handsome flat houses, with hot and cold water, 
 range, stationary tubs, elevators, baths, cellar, etc. Hut the average 
 family in rented rooms pays from S8 to S12 per month and lives com- 
 fortably and respectably. 
 
 We believe there is no city in the Eastern States that would return 
 better profits on large investments than Xewburgh. We need a large 
 number of cottages costing from SSoo to 81,200 each, built, not in solid 
 blocks, but on thirty or thirty-five-foot lots, with breathing places 
 between, for families of laboring men. Houses of this class are few 
 in Newburgh. We need a large number of cottages costing from Si,- 
 400 to Si.soo, on lots 50x150, for the families of elerks, mechanics and 
 small tradesmen. There is a general desire for the oiiening of a new 
 street, corresponding to (.Jrand or Liberty, with lots restricted to a 
 width of not less than fifty feet, so as to afford people of means op- 
 portunity to have residences of architectural beaut\-, ami room I'or 
 stables. Land for these purposes can be tound in the western and 
 northern part of town. It needs to be sewered, curbed and flagged. 
 Capitalists must lead the way; the people will do the rest. 
 
 INSURANCE RATES. 
 
 The rates for fire insurance in Newburgh are close to those in 
 New York City, which are the lowest in the wf>rld. The reason for this 
 is, first, the excellent protection a.gainst fire assured by a model fire 
 department, equipped with the best apparatus obtainable; second, 
 the complete water works system, which has fire hydrants all over 
 the city, and, in the larger portion, siip]jlics a head i>f water sufficient 
 to cope with any ordinary fire without the aid of the steam fire en- 
 gines; third, the great competition in insurance rates, owing to otu' 
 nearness to the Metropolis. Another reason for the iow rates is that 
 the buildings are mainly built of brick, and the city is so compact that 
 the firemen can reach afire very quickly, so that it has little chance to 
 spread. In fact, there has not been a fire of any consefjuence in the 
 main portion of the city in many years. In the few cases where buikl- 
 mgs have been totally destroyed, they were situated either outside of 
 the corporation limits, or in the western outskirts. The rate for brick 
 dwellings is 40 cents per 8100 for three years, an average of ii', 
 cents per year. Mercantile rates average from 50 to 75 cents per 
 
 year. .Manulacturing, or hazardous risks, are from 75 cents to Si. 25 
 
 per year, ixcejil where cqiu])]jed with automatic sprinklers, in which 
 
 case a leiluctioii of iVoiu 411 to 50 cents is granted. These are the 
 
 standard rates ..f the best American and Lnglish companies. Of 
 
 course, if liiiildings arc su])plicd with lire apparatus that is taken into 
 
 account ill iiuiking the rate. 
 
 -^^■^^ 
 
 CHEAP COAL. 
 
 As has been said, Newburgh is .1 depot ami shipping point for coal. 
 It is the nearest tide-water point to the coal mines of Pennsylvania. 
 The Pennsylvania Coal Company has its distributing works here, 
 whence coal is shipped in vessels to points along the coast, river and 
 canal. Xewburgh is also the door for the great coal traffic by rail 
 between the mines and New England. Owing to the nearness to the 
 mines, and the competing routes by which it may be hauled, but 
 little is added to the r^riginal cost for freight charges. Coal is as 
 cheap here as at any other place in the country — actually cheaper 
 than at manv towns between here and the mines. It has been sold 
 here at retail as low as S2..^o jier ton. At the present writing it is 
 83.60 per ton for chestnut and 83. So for stove, retail. Manufacturers 
 who use large quantities can obtain it much cheaper. 
 
 Without describing the various jjroeesses in mining coal, it may 
 be said that throughout the mining region the collieries may be in- 
 cluded ill one grand estimate, and the avera.ge will demonstrate that 
 coal can not be ]irolitably mined at a figure less than Si. 65 per ton, 
 
 THE TOWNSEND BUILD1NG_77 .ind 79 Water Street 
 
 while in many instances the figures will draw very close to §2.00. 
 Now comes the tpiestion of tolls for transi.orlation, and the town that 
 can ha\e its coal laid down for the least money will have the 
 cheajiest coal. In this connection a lew- of the retail prices that have 
 recently prevailed in various centers would not be uninteresting. 
 They are as below; 
 
 New York, $5.25; .Springfield, $6.00; Philadelphia, S5.00; Pough- 
 kecpsic, 85.25; Baltimore, $5.50; Hartford, S5.50; Washington, $5. 25; 
 P)ostoii, 85.50; Richmond, 85. 25; Salem. 8<). 00; Buft'alo. $5.00; Port- 
 land, 85.75; St. Louis. 87-5; Newark. N. J., §5.00; Providence. $5.50; 
 Albany, 85. 25; Cleveland, 85.25; Chicago, $6.50. 
 
THE BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 An Organization for tlie Public Good— Men of Brains and Business- -The 
 Work They Have Achieved for the Advancement of Newburgh. 
 
 c, 
 
 
 Al- 
 
 HE Bi)ard of Trade of the City of Newburgh was organ- 
 ized February 22, 1SS2, at a meeting held in the Sav- 
 ings Bank building, Mayor A. S. Cassedy presiding. 
 Daniel S. Waring, secretary. The others present were 
 ^_ ^_ Charles H. Harcourt, James T. Van Dalfsen, Joseph 
 
 X^-Tt^^'^ Van Cleft, E. S. Turner, James G. Graham, Edgar C. 
 ^'^^^^ Barnes. Charles J. Lawson, John J. Campbell, Wil- 
 
 liam B. Brokaw. William H. Hilton and Samuel C. Mills. The i.l>- 
 jects. as defined in the constitution adopted at the time, were, " To 
 acquire and disseminate useful information concerning the trade, 
 manufactures and interests of the City of Newburgh: to encourage 
 intercourse between business men; 
 to co-operate with similar associa- 
 tions in other cities in matters af- 
 fecting the welfare uf cities, and 
 generally to aid in the promotion 
 and development of the commercial, 
 industrial and other interests of this 
 city." The first officers were: Daniel 
 S. Waring, President; William B. 
 Brokaw, First Vice-President; John 
 Schoonmaker. Second Vice-Presi- 
 dent; John A. Mason, Secretary: Jon- 
 athan N. Weed, Treasurer. The ex- 
 ecutive body was a Board of Trus- 
 tees, compo.sed of Abram S. Cas- 
 sedy, William B. Brokaw, Isaac C. 
 Chapman, Charles J. Lawson. Theo- 
 dore Merritt, James G. Graham, E. 
 S. Turner, Daniel S. Waring, John 
 Schoonmaker, James J. Logan. Rob- 
 ert Whitehill, Edgar C. Barnes, Ed- 
 ward Haigh, Joseph Van Cleft, Will- 
 iam O. Mailler and Jonathan N. 
 Weed. 
 
 That Newljurgh had great need 
 for such a representative body be- 
 came at once apparent. Communi- 
 cations from manufacturers desiring 
 to locate here were brought to the 
 Board for consideration; and how- 
 ever narrow its sphere, and imper- 
 fect its plan of operations, its great 
 possibiUties were demonstrated, 
 and the citizens recognized in it 
 
 the representative business body of the city, which could encour- 
 age and foster its mterests, and widen the knowdedge of its industrial 
 faciUties. On May 2. 1884, a new era was commenced by re-organiz- 
 ing the Board on a more substantial and tangible basis. The consti- 
 tution and by-laws were revised, the Board of Trustees was abolished ; 
 and It was resolved to establish permanent headquarters and secure 
 
 the services of a secrctarv paid to devote sufficient time to the collec- 
 tion of trade statistics, and matters of interest to manufacturers and 
 tradesmen. Tlie annual dues were increased to Sio, and almost 
 without exception those invited to join the Board gladly accepted the 
 invitation, and it entered upon a work that will be of lasting benefit 
 to Newburgh with a membership of sixty-three representative citi- 
 zens. The ofifieers elected were Daniel S. Waring. President; E. S. 
 Turner, First Vice President; William B. Brokaw. Second Vice- 
 President; Jonathan N. Weed, Treasurer. A committee was ap- 
 pointed to secure that prime requisite — a competent Secretary, and 
 
 to rent an iiffice. Major E. C 
 
 RESIDENCE OF CHARLES E, 
 
 Boynton consented to act in that ca- 
 pacity. The following committees 
 were appointed: 
 
 Finance — David Carson, W. (). 
 Mailler. Arthur A. McLean, Edgar 
 C. Barnes. M. C. Belknap. 
 
 Mi-iiihcrsliip — Charles J . Lawson . 
 V.W ITasbrouck. James A. P. Rams- 
 dell. William I". Cameron. James J. 
 Logan. 
 
 Sti-itistiiS—]iAm A. Masr.n. E. S. 
 Turner, D. W. Esmond. Joseph Van 
 Cleft. Isaac C. Chapman. 
 
 Tnu/tS anil ManiiJ ail iircs — 
 J.jhn C. Adams. E. K. Shaw. Wil- 
 liam B. Brokaw. Robert Whitehill. 
 John Schoonmaker. 
 
 .\s soon as the reorganization 
 was effected the membership began 
 to increase, and the stronger in- 
 fluence and wider scope of the 
 Board began to be seen and felt. 
 ,\ii oftice was rented and furnished 
 in the Erie liuilding, where the 
 secretary may be found daily, and 
 usually some members of the Board. 
 Boards of trade, as a rule, were 
 once formed solely for llie mutual 
 protection of the members, and 
 rarely assumed any work of a pub- 
 lie eharaeter, or apart from purely 
 eonimcrciid interests. The members 
 of the Board of Trade of the City 
 of Newburgh are men of wider 
 c(jm])rehcnsioiis than llial. They look to every department of our 
 industrial life, and think nothing which concerns the advancement of 
 the city and its vicinity alien to them, or outside the scope of the as- 
 sociation. A broad construction is given to that clause of the consti- 
 tution which defines the aims of the Board, and from the first it has 
 been energetic in advertising the city abroad, promoting immigration. 
 
 [,80] 
 
 WILLIAMS— 162 Montgomery St. 
 
I go 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 emjouraginy tho investment of capital, siilieiting the establishment ol 
 new industries, encouraging the undertaking of important works, 
 and, indeed, originating, fostering and aiding every enterprise which 
 promises to advance the general good. 
 
 The work of the Board thus far has l)ecn purely <>r a pulilic char- 
 acter. It has not sought, like some others, to protect its individual 
 
 RESIDENCE OF CHARLES F ALLAN, DOS — Ij5 M.intgr.m,:Ty ■,!■■ 
 
 members, to secure the payment of debts justly due, or to arbitrate 
 disputes in commercial matters; none of its work is of a private char- 
 acter t(j be hidden from the public. It is not concerned with the 
 thought as to hi>w much the members shall be individually benelitted 
 by their association together, for they believe whatever tends to ad- 
 vance the interests of the whole is not iloiie without 
 benefittnig individual members of the community. 
 
 Its work has been too diverse in its nature to lie 
 dealt with in detail. One class of work has been ad- 
 vertising the city abroad. In 1S-S4 Major Boynton 
 compiled a pamphlet, entitled " Newburgh, its Ad- 
 vantages, Business, and Transportation Facilities," 
 setting forth its attractions for a permanent residence, 
 together with the present and future prospects of the 
 Queen City of the Hudson. This jjamphlet was 
 widely circulated where it would do the most good. 
 As a result many letters of inquiry have been receiv- 
 ed and answered in regard to prospects and business 
 advantages in detail. One of the first good ileeds of 
 the Board was in securing the abolition of discrim- 
 inating freight and express rates. Formerly a car load 
 of merchandise shipped from New York to Chicago, 
 or beyond, went at a low rate, but the same quantity 
 from Newburgh was forwarded under greatly in- 
 creased freight charges. The same was true nl 
 freight receipts. The Board (obtained New York 
 rates for Newburgh, and there was not a manufac- 
 turer or business firm in the city that was not made 
 to realize substantially the benefit of this action. 
 The same year the Board secured the location of the 
 Orange County Agricultural Society at Newburgh 
 for a term of years. The following year it aided in 
 
 accomplishing the removal to this city of the large estabhshment of 
 the Kilmer Manufacturing Comiiaiiy, then rated by Bradstreet as 
 worth Si25o,ooo, and now one of the largest and most ])rosperous con- 
 cerns in the city. The Board raised a loan of Sioo,oo.j for the corn- 
 any, and invested a surplus of Si,r,oo in a bond of the company. Mr. 
 Waring, then President of the Hoard, is now one of the officers of the 
 company. The B(jard also secured an appropriation 
 from Congress of $100,000 for a public building, and 
 lately it has been instrumental in securing the im- 
 provement of the system of water works. 
 , J . Since the Board was formed we have had a great 
 
 j ^ ■ - I, lidding boom, we have seen the extension of the 
 ' „-ater supply, the introduction of electric hghts, the 
 
 erection of the new Academy and School No. &, the 
 establishment of an industrial school, the adoption of 
 free school books, the establishment of a number 
 of new manufactories, the erection of the Academy 
 of Music, the street railway, the purchase of Down- 
 ing Park, and other industrial acquisitions or pubhc 
 improvements, and the enhanced value of real estate. 
 Nearly all of these have been in some degree inspired 
 by or received encouragement from the representa- 
 tions put forth by the Board of Trade, or from its 
 individual members, while some of the projects origi- 
 nated in or are controlled by members of the Board 
 itself. 
 
 But this by no means is the sum total of its work. 
 All of its plans and deliberations were not followed 
 by tangible results, nor can you find it all in black 
 and white in the secretary's minutes. It has consider- 
 ed and worked for many objects that came to naught, 
 yet withal had the effect of stimulating enterprise and 
 ]nibHc spirit among the people. 
 
 The M'ork grows with time, and every succeeding 
 season brings new problems to deal with. No sooner 
 is one work completed than another is undertaken. 
 The Board is a factor in the business life (jf the city, and 
 staiKls ready to represent the citizens in all jiroper matters, to 
 answer all c<immunications, and .give every encouragement to 
 people ini])iessed with Newburgh's attractions to make their abid- 
 ing ]ilace among us. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF E A. WALSH— 288 Gr,i,nd Street. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 OPFICKKS IX isiu. 
 
 President 
 
 First Vice-PrcsiJunt 
 
 Second Vice-President. 
 
 Secretary 
 
 Treasurer 
 
 .Major 
 
 L'harlcs IC. Williams. 
 
 David L'arsun. 
 
 William Foster. 
 
 Fdwiird C. Boynton. 
 ..Jonathan N. Weed. 
 
 LUM-MITTEKS. 
 
 Trade and Manufactures— VixxxiinX S. Warinij,-, k 
 Sweet, Joseph Chadwick and Charles J. La\vs<>n. 
 
 JJe/nl't-rs/iiP— George H. Ross, Charles W. Shaw, 
 Scharps and Charles L. Brown. 
 
 Finante— Arthur A. McLean, Joseph M, Di^.kcv, 
 G. Cameron and Charles T. Goodrich. 
 
 ^■rt Whituhill, Clayton F. 
 
 John L. Seluilt/,, Sim..n A. 
 
 William II. Hilton, Daniul 
 
 RESiDEtJCE OF S. C. MILLS— 272 Liberty Street. 
 
 S/a//s^ics—Sa.m-ael E. Shipp, Benjamin B. (Jdc-ll, jr.. Albert N. Chambers, 
 Wilbur H. Weston and David C. Miller. 
 
 Executive Commit tee-^C\i'<xv\e-^ E. William.s, David Carson, William Foster, 
 Jonathan N. Weed, Edward C. Boynton, Daniel S- Waring', Arthur A. McLean, 
 Samuel E. Shipp and Geor^^e H. Ross. 
 
 MICMBERS. 
 
 Adams, John C, Brest. Consumers' 
 
 Gas Co- 
 Belknap & McCann, mfrs. soap. 
 Brokaw, W. B., mfr. outing- ^^arment.s. 
 Bedell & Seymour, g^ents' furnishings 
 Beveridge Brewinj.? Co., mfr. ales. 
 Bazzoni, L. J., mfr. carriages & sleighs. 
 Barnes, E. C, provisions. 
 Boynton, Major E. C, late U. S. A. 
 Brown Lime Co., mfrs. lime. 
 Bigler, James, mfr. buoys. 
 Bull, Stephen M., wholesale grocer. 
 Carson, David, mfr, bricks. 
 Carter, Henry, florist. 
 Cameron, Daniel G., lumber. 
 Chadwick, James, / Newburgh 
 Chadwick, Joseph, I Bleachery. 
 
 Chadborn & Coldwell Mfg. Co., lawn 
 
 mowers. 
 Cleveland, O. M.. mfr. overalls, etc. 
 
 Crawshaw, Mark, mfr. ingrain carpets 
 and Smyrna rugs. 
 
 Cochrane, James. Brest. Common 
 Cftuncil. 
 
 Crosby, S. L., Supt. Penn. Coal Co. 
 
 Crawford, C. E., furniture, etc. 
 
 Cook. A. M., boarding & sales stables. 
 
 Dales, John & Co., real estate and in- 
 surance. 
 
 Delany, P. & Co., mfrs. boilers. 
 
 Dickey. Joseph M., books & stationery. 
 
 Df.ug^hty, Wm. B., stoves and tinware 
 
 Doyle, Michael, Mayor. 
 
 Duncan, Henry C, baker and restau- 
 rateur. 
 
 Goodrich, Charles T., real estate and 
 insurance. 
 
 Harrison, James, mfr. woolen goods. 
 
 Hilton, William H., architect, carpen- 
 ter and builder. 
 
 fancy groceries. 
 & Co., wholesale 
 
 Kilmer Mfg. Company, mfrs. wire, 
 
 wire rods, fencing, etc. 
 King, Stephen & Co., coal. 
 Kernochan. John A., flour and feed. 
 Leicht, Charles, mfr. lager. 
 Lawson, Charles J., hardware. 
 Mailler. William O. & Co., wholesale 
 
 grocers, coal. 
 :\lcLean, Arthur A. 
 Matthews, John W 
 
 grocers. 
 Miller, D. C. stone yard. 
 Moore, John T., mfr. bricks. 
 Murtfcldt & Krom, furniture. 
 Muchattoes Lake Ice Ccjmpany, ice. 
 Peck & Van Dalfsen, furniture. 
 Perkins, F. W., coal. 
 Post, E. R., drugs and medicines. 
 Peters. George W., Supt. of Streets. 
 Ritchie & Hull, publishers, printer 
 
 and book-binders. 
 Ross, George H, & E. C, millers. 
 Ramsdell, H. S., transportation. 
 Schultz & Crum, dry goods &earpL't; 
 Stewart & Sayre, lumber. 
 Sweet, Orr & Co., mfrs. overalls, etc 
 Schaefer, F. J. A., florist. 
 Stevens, E. Gerry, lumber. 
 Scharps, Simon A., real estate 
 
 191 
 
 Smitli, William H., Supt. Laflin & 
 
 Rand ]io\vder works. 
 Smith, A. C, plumbing and steam 
 
 heating. 
 Sneed & IMathews, provisions. 
 Shaw's, Thos. Sons, architects, car- 
 penters, builders and builders' 
 
 supplies. 
 Skidmorc, Thos. H., Brest. Skidmore 
 
 Mercantile C'). 
 Taylor, James S. Estate, mfrs. plush 
 
 goods and carpets. 
 Taylor, Grant B., lawyer. 
 Turner, Shipp & Osborn, real estate 
 
 and insurance. 
 Weed, Jonathan N., bank cashier. 
 Ward & Logan, paints and oils, sash, 
 
 blinds and d(jors. 
 Weygant, Charles H., real estate. 
 Ward & Esmond, lawyers, real estate. 
 Willard, Francis A., publisher. 
 Wright, William, mfr. engines. 
 W^aring, Daniel S., coal and ice. 
 Wilkinson, J. G., saddlery hardware. 
 Whitehill, Robert, mfr. engines and 
 
 ice machines. 
 Wilson, T. ik J., masons and builders. 
 Wood, F. G., cement pipe. 
 Weston, Wilbur H., transportation. 
 
 MAJOR EDWARD CARLISLE BOYNTON, A. M., is a des- 
 uuiulaiit of Juhii Boynton, wlio cniij^ratcd I'roiii Knoland in 1638, and 
 settled at Salem, Mass. His father, Tlmmas, was born at Lunen- 
 burgh, ^Nlass., and in 1S12 was an officer in the 31st U. S. Infantry, 
 
 MAJOR EDWARD C, BOYNTON, A. M. 
 
 stationed in northern Vermont. Ilis mother (Sophia Cabot) was a 
 j:^randdaughter of Mary Dwi,i;"ht CalxtL, a descendant of Francis 
 Cabot, who came to America in 1700. lidward Carlisle was born in 
 Vermont, February i. 1S24. He was appointed a eadct at the U. S. 
 Military Academy, July i, rS4i. He was ,i.;raduatcd in 1846, assigned 
 to the 2d Artillery (Colonel I Juneau's battery) as brevet second lieu- 
 tenant, and ordered to join the army in Mexico. He was with Gen- 
 eral Taylor at the front of the invading force. Ue served at Mont- 
 erey and at the seizure and occupation of Saltillo in iS46. He i)ar- 
 tieipated in the siege of \'cra Cruz, tlie battles of Cerro (iordo, Con- 
 treras, Churubusco, in the seizure and occupation of Puebla. and in 
 
It)2 
 
 the skirmish al Anui/.tniue. ami aUn al < )k;i 
 severely wi'uiuled in llic actimi nl' (.'hiiruliii'^ 
 second lieutenant February iii. r~'47, ami lirs 
 1S47, and brevet captain at the ^anie time 
 for ■\t;"allant and merit(iriiius -,er\iccs in the 
 l>attle^ iif Ci'Utreras and Churtd>nscci, Me\i- 
 cii." In rS4S Captain Buyntun was assiijned 
 tu the military academy at West I'liint as 
 actin;^' assist:Lnt ipun'termastcr. h^~om ^VuK- 
 ust, 1S4S, til September, 1S55, he was assis- 
 tant professor of chemistry. mincralii>;y and 
 geologv. In 1^55-5(1 he aceomi^anicd the ex- 
 pedition against the Seminole Indians in 
 Florida. He resigned February id, 1S5O. and 
 accepted the professorship of Chemistry, 
 ilineralo.gv :ind (lorilogv in the Univcrsit)- 
 of Mississippi, wdiich he held till ilismisscd 
 in 1S61 for "evincing a want <•( attachment 
 to the government o f t h e Confederate 
 States." 
 
 He declined the colonelcy of a volunteer 
 regiment, and was reappointed to the C. S. 
 army as captain ni the nth Infantry Sep- 
 tember 23, 1S61. He was at once assigned 
 to duty at the military academy, first as ad- 
 jutant and then quartermaster, remaining al 
 that post throughout the war, and receiving 
 at its close the lirevet of major for faithful 
 services. He was transferred to the 29tli 
 Infantry September 21. 1S66, and to the 3d 
 Artillery L)ecember, 1S70. He resigned from 
 the army in 1S72. 
 
 The degree of A. JI. was conferred mi 
 him by Brown University in 1S56. Major 
 Boynton is the author of the " History of 
 West Point and the (Origin and Progress of 
 
 NHWBUKCjH. 
 
 .a in 1S47. lie Has 
 
 lie was pmnioted 
 
 .■utenant .\ugust 20, 
 
 llK [\ ^. .\liluaiv .\ca<leiiiy ■■ (i.v.t). the standard work on the sub- 
 ject. I Ic is the author of the military and naval terms in Webster's 
 Armv and .X'avv Dictionary (is'a), "(iuide to West Point and the 
 
 RESIDENCE OF ALFRED BRI DGEMAN - Grand Av 
 
 RESIDENCE OF FRANCIS GOULDY— 169 Montgomery Street. 
 
 r. S. Academy," and the following other pubUca- 
 tions: "Greek Fire and other Inflammables," "Ex- 
 plosive Substitutes for Gunpowder," "Photogra- 
 phy as Applied to Military Purposes," "Quantita- 
 tive and (Juahtative Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic 
 Limestone," " Manual on Blowpipe Analysis." He 
 is an honorary member of the Historical Society 
 of Pennsylvania, of the American Academy for the 
 Advancement of Science, and was president (1SS3-SS) 
 of the Historical Society of Xe\y burgh Bay and the 
 Highlands. 
 
 .Major Boynton was superintendent of the New- 
 burgh water works from July ;. 1S73, to March 4. 
 iSSi. Since Mav, 1S74, he has been a member of 
 the board of trustees of Washington's Headquar- 
 ters, and has become learned in the Revolutionary 
 history of the place. He discovered, compiled and 
 published the most complete collection of Wash- 
 ington's orders at Xewburgh. and has delivered 
 historical adilrcsscs before the Historical Society, 
 lie marricil Mary j. Hubbard, of Winds.ir. Vt.. 
 wdiosc father was a prominent citizen of Windsor, 
 and who is descciKlant from (Tcorge Hubbard, 
 wdio came to America in 1630. They have one son 
 and three daughters. For the fore,going" facts we 
 are mainly indebted to Appletim's Cyclopa;dia and 
 the Biographical Register of West Point Graduates. 
 
 
SOME OF OUR TOWNSMEN, 
 
 ^\. 
 
 ON. JOEL T. HEADLEY was born December 31), 1S13, 
 at WaUi.>n, Delaware County, New York, where his 
 father was settled for many years as the Presbyterian 
 clergyman. Mr. Headley early determined to make 
 his father's vocation his own, and after graduatini;- 
 from Union College in 1S39, he took a course ui theol- 
 ogy at the Auburn Theological Seminary. 
 After being ordained he was settled over a church at Stockbridge, 
 ilass., and immediately entered with enthusiasm upim the discharge 
 of the numerous duties inseparably connected with the sacred office. 
 He soon found, however, that his constitution, already undermined 
 by many years of unceasing application and incessant study, was un- 
 able to stand the further strain imposed upon it, and he was reluct- 
 antly compelled to relinquish his chosen profession, and in 1S42 went 
 to Europe, hoping that the change would restore his shattered health. 
 While abroad he occasionally contributed articles to the press and 
 periodicals, and the favorable manner in which they were received 
 encouraged him to offer to the public his 
 "Letters from Italy." The gratifying re- 
 ception at once accorded to this work first 
 turned his mind seriously toward literary 
 pursuits, and soon after his return from 
 Europe he yielded to the solicitations of 
 his friend Horace Greeley, and became the 
 associate editor of the AVti' !"(';'/■ Ti-ihiinc. 
 The confining duties necessarily connected 
 with the life of an editor soon became irk- 
 some to him, and at the end of a year he 
 severed his connection with that paper, and 
 henceforth pursued the path of authorship. 
 In 1.346 '• Napoleon and His Marshals " ap- 
 peared, and was followed at various periods 
 by "Washington and His Generals," " His- 
 tory of the War of 1.S12," "Life of Crom- 
 well," "Life of Havelock," "Life of Scott 
 and Jackson," " Sacred Mountains," " Sa- 
 cred Scenes and Characters," "Sacred 
 Heroes and Martyrs," " Headley's Jliscel- 
 lanys," " The Imperial Guard," " Chaplains 
 and Clergy of the Revolution," " The Great 
 Rebellion," "Grant and Sherman," "Life 
 of Farragut, and Our Naval Commanders," 
 and " History of the Great Riots," besides 
 other works of lesser note. 
 
 Mr. Headley's literary work suffered a 
 few years' interruption when, in 1854, he 
 was elected to the New York Assembly from 
 
 the First District of Orange County, and the year following was chosen 
 Secretary of the State of New York. Mr. Headley did not lay down 
 his busy pen until late in life, and the popular favor which was ac- 
 corded him at the outset of his career never entirely left him, and all 
 his books were remunerative. During the last two years such a res 1- 
 val of public interest has been awakened m some of his works, espec- 
 ially in his "Sacred Mountains," that the publishers felt warranted 
 in getting out new editions, which have had a steady sale. 
 
 Mr. Headley's passionate love for nature in all her various moods 
 led him nearly forty years ago to seek those great solitudes and lovely 
 scenes which the Adirondacks had at that time kept conceale 
 all men save the trapper or woodman. He was so enamored 
 
 Switzerland of America that for over thirty years he made yearly pil- 
 grimages fi>r health and pleasure to that beautiful region. He was 
 probably the first tourist to visit that section, and his descriptions 
 of its charms and health-giving powers soon induced large numbers 
 to visit it, and thus led to its becoming the great fashionable resort it 
 is to-day. 
 
 For over thirty years Mr. Headley has resided in Newburgh and 
 vicinitv, and has always taken an active interest in the historic scenes 
 and acts with which our locality abounds. The patriotic attempts of 
 several of our citizens to secure the preservation of that venerated 
 building, Washington's Headquarters, received his hearty support, 
 and for many years he has been the President of the Trustees of 
 the Headquarters. 
 
 Believing in the importance of fixing in the minds of the people all 
 those events which are vitally connected with the fate of our Repub- 
 lic, he early conceived the idea of celebrating m some public manner 
 those historic events which have made Newburgh famous in Amer- 
 ican history. To him more than any other 
 individual is dvie, ncjt only the inception, 
 but also the successful carrying out of our 
 Centennial Celebration in 18S3. 
 
 Mr. Headley has now passed the allotted 
 span of life, but age has dealt kindly with 
 him, and both health and vigor in mind and 
 body still abide with him. Time, which has 
 taken somewhat from the elasticity of his 
 step, has not been able to diminish in any 
 degree his lively interest in public affairs, 
 nor rob his heart of its active sympathy 
 for his fellow-men. 
 
 HON. JOEL T. HEADLEY 
 
 I roll! 
 f that 
 
 HENRY KIRKE BROWN was born in 
 Leyden, Mass., February 24, 1814, and died 
 in Newburgh, July 10, 1S86. At an early 
 age he evinced a talent for art, and in this 
 was encouraged by his mother, who had 
 sonic ability and training in the use of the 
 pencil. At the age of twenty he went to 
 .study with Chester Harding, a famous por- 
 trait painter of those days, in Boston, and 
 remained witli that master several years. 
 He began the practice of his profession of 
 portrait painter in Woodstock, Vt. , where 
 he made the acquaintance of Dr. Willard 
 Parker, with whom he studied anatomy. 
 .Soon after Dr. Parker moved to Pittsfield, 
 JIass., and thither Mr. Brown followed hini to continue his studies. 
 He became so proficient that he was olfered the position of demon- 
 strator of anatomy in the college. Dr. Parker was called to the Cin- 
 cinnati Medical College, and urged Mr. Brown to accompany him. 
 He soon followed, in 1836, and devoted his time to painting, besides 
 assisting Dr. Parker in his important operations by making drawings 
 of them. In the Summer of 1837 he was oft'ered a position on the 
 survey of the Illinois Central Railroad, and during that and the fol- 
 lowing Sunimci was in the field with level and transit. In the 
 Winter, however, lie was m Cincinnati, jiainliiig in his studio, 
 and there occurred an incident which changed the whole course 
 of ins life. A young man named Whetstone, studying in the college, 
 
 [193] 
 
194 
 
 NEWBUKGH 
 
 was also taking- U'ssons in drawing rrnni Mr. Uniwn, and iK-loVf 
 returning honic askud i)ci-nnssii.ii nl' his masU'i" In make a mv- 
 dallion relief of him. As he was leavmg llie slndn. lo olilain the 
 necessary elay for the work, Mr. I'.rown ealled after him '-Send 
 twiee the (luantitv, I'lllll. 1 wanl to try it myself," 'I'lle elay eame, 
 and .Mr. Hrown began a ienude head, and went Oi his ilinnei". I In 
 liis retnrn he fonnd Mr. Whetstone standing liefort' it in silenee, who, 
 when asked what he thonghl of it, replieil; " Mr. I'.rown, i( yon linish 
 that as well as il is begun, d will be tile best head modeled in Cinei)i- 
 nati." It was thonght to look like a Miss I lean whc. Ii\-ed neai', ami 
 she beeanie the model for its eompletion. ( Iradnally modeling took 
 the plaee i>f painting in his heart as well as in his studio, until paint- 
 ing became the recreation, in which he indulged oidy occasionally, 
 for it was never entirely given up. In 1S3S Ik- returned to \ew Eng- 
 land after a verv severe illness of fever and ague, contracted while 
 on the survev in the bottom laiuls of Illinois, when he narrowly es- 
 caped death. In the Autumn ol" iSj;,, Ik- was marricil to Lydia 
 Louisa, eldest daughter of Ibm. 
 James Udall, of IIartf<ird, \'t,, and 
 opened a studio in Boston, lie nrnd- 
 eled a bust there of Bishnj) 1'. it- 
 ter, of Xew York, which resulted in 
 his moving to Troy and then to 
 Albany, where he modeled many 
 busts; among them were portraits of 
 Ilr. Eliphalct Xott, of Union Col- 
 lege; the Rev. William 1'.. Sprague, 
 Erastus Corning, Governor Seward 
 and ex-Governor ilarcy. In July, 
 1S42, he went to Europe, .going 
 almost immediately to I'lnrencc, 
 where he lived a year. The re- 
 mainder of his stay abroad was in 
 Rome and Naples. His important 
 works of that period are a statue 
 of Ruth and a group of a Boy and 
 Dog in the Historical Library, Xew 
 York; statue of Rebecca for Mr, 
 Spenser, of Xew Y'ork, and a statue 
 of David, which he destroyed, al- 
 though it was then his best work, 
 A replica of the Ruth statue is 
 also in Edinburgh, Scotland. Ik- 
 was untiring in his studies, aiKl 
 made a careful drawing from the 
 antique nearly cverv da\'. He re- 
 turned to America in August, 1S4IJ, 
 and established himself in Xew 
 York. He was at once made a mem- 
 ber of the Sketch Club, which after- 
 ward became the Century Club. 
 Among his works of this tinK- are busts of Dr 
 William Cullen Bryant. In 1H4S he went to 
 the Indians at JIackmac, and made cole; 
 small modeled head 
 
 h 
 
 HENRY KIRKE BROWN 
 
 \Villard Parker and 
 Michigan tf) studv 
 ed drawings and 
 He received orders for these in bronze which, 
 with other work he was then doing, made br^JU/.c casting a necessit\". 
 As there was no one in this country who could do such work, he ob- 
 tained skilled men from Paris, and Ok- lirst artistic lironze casting \n 
 America was done in his studio, which Ik- had that year built in 
 FJrooklyn. Bronze casting soon grew to be a work of to.j great mag- 
 nitude, so he transferreil the whole of it with his men to .Mr. Ames. 
 of Chicopee, Mass., in whose establishment souk- of his succeeding 
 works were cast. 
 
 In 1849 he modeled a relief of President Taylor for the Imlian 
 medal. In 1.S50 an Indian hghting a panther, and a hlatrice, both of 
 statuette size. In 1S51 he was made amemlierof the National Acad- 
 emy of Design, and in 1852 his colossal statue of I leWitt Clinton with 
 its tw<^ /'if\-ri'/u'/s \\'as ciist in bronze ^md ]>lac(.-d in (irc-cnwood Cem- 
 etery. Then followed the eipiestrian statue of (iciK-ral Washington 
 which, in 1.S54, was erected in Union Square, Xew York. In April, 
 
 isst, Ik- waselecled member of the Pennsylvania Academy of Arts. 
 ,\lH,iu ihisliuK- he mo.leled a ilgure of the Resurrecticm for Pittsburgh. 
 In iSv^lic was elected uK-mber of the Hoard of Management of Wash- 
 ington i\rt Association. 
 
 .May i.s, i.S5<j, he was appointed by the President, United States Art 
 C..)nmissioner, associated with J. 1". K'enset, of Xew York, and J. R. 
 Lamdin, of Philadelphia. He becauK- chairnKin of the commission, 
 and on him dcv<.Keil the writing of the rejiort on the art decoration 
 ,,f 11k- National Capilol building and grounds. The report was and 
 is considered an aulhonly on the subject, and uKiny suggestions in it 
 been carried out. The commission was short-lived on account 
 .,f the civil war, but its educating inlluenee is felt and seen to-day, 
 .\bout 1-S5-S he was eommissumed by the State of South Carolina to 
 make the sculpture for the new State House then in progress of con- 
 struction. His principal work there was a jiediment for the building, 
 the central figure of which was of colossal size. When the war broke 
 out that was nearly cut in marble, other figures were in plaster and 
 
 some were being modeled. Among 
 the finished works which were placed 
 on the building and which still adorn 
 it were sonK- decorative eagles in 
 relief. On the ground back of them 
 were fifteen stars, symbols of the 
 fifteen states which were then ex- 
 pected to constitute the confederacy. 
 That great building, ostensibly for 
 the use of the State, was to be the 
 capitol of the new republic. Some 
 photographs of this work are yet e.x- 
 tant, in which two stars are obliter- 
 ated by India ink so as to read thir- 
 teen, and thus their real meaning is 
 hidden behind the national senti- 
 ment. Those who knew Mr. Brown 
 will renK-mber he was not afraid to 
 express his opinions, and he had 
 always resolutely set his face against 
 the institution of slavery. Although 
 much beloved and respected by the 
 Southern people among whom he 
 lived, he found his position there 
 anything but pleasant toward the 
 last, and gradually withdrew within 
 his studio and house, as the storm 
 gathered. Xearly all the skilled 
 workmen ;ind mechanics on the 
 building were from the North, and 
 after the death of John Brown they 
 grailualh- left their work to go 
 home. Just before the breaking out 
 of the war one of their number gave 
 utterances to some anti-slavcrv sentiiiK'Hts. As a punishment for 
 it he was tarreil and fcatlicrcd and paraded through the streets 
 of Columliia. In three davs not a man was at work, and the 
 yarils which had been so full of busy life were empty and silent. 
 Mr. Brown remained at his post and his work until after the 
 bombardnicnt of loirt Sunitcr, The State Ireasurv was much de- 
 pleted, and with difiicullv was he able to get enough money to go 
 home. .M last lu-, his wife and assistant, Mr, Mundy, turned their 
 laces homeward, and in e\ery State the\- traveled through they were 
 obliged to get new passports. lie arrived in Xew York with a five- 
 dollar gold piece in his pocket, so that the three years'work in South 
 Carolina was practically unpaid for, and when Sherman's army bom- 
 barded Columbia, his artillery was turned cm the old capitol building 
 allachcd to which was Mr. Brown's studio. Xot only did Mr. Brown 
 lose his three v'cars' work, but his health was much impaired b\' being 
 thrown from a carriage and run over by a heavy wagon, and also by 
 being severely poisoned by eatin.g of a dish inten<led for the mistress 
 of the house in which tht-\- lived. It was probably due to this latter 
 cause that he became temporarily blind, and then temporarily deaf. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 195 
 
 In 1S56. while his studio was yet in Brooklyn, he Ih.u^Iu thu little plaee 
 in Newburgh, and durini;- his life in the South he passed luueh of his 
 Summers here, and on his return in 1S61 herelired to iliis quiet eoun- 
 try seat to regain his health. 
 
 The remainder of >Ir. Brown's life was passed in Newburgh, ami it 
 is during this period that the greater number (jf liis works were exe- 
 cuted. It was not however until 1S65 that lie was well enou'di to 
 work, when he accepted a eommissi<in fr.nii the State of Rhode 
 Island to make a statue of ( Iciieral Xathanael ( Irccnc to be presented 
 to the National Gallery. At Mr, Brown's suggestion Congress had 
 passed a biU inviting each State to contribute tw(. statues of its great 
 men to be placed in the old Hall of Representatives, tlius appropriat- 
 ing its use as a National tiallery, Rhode Island was the lirst State 
 to answer the invitation with the statue of General Greene, His re- 
 maining great works are in chronological order as follows: Statue of 
 George W, Bethune, 1), 1).. placed in Packer Institute, Brooklyn; 
 statue of Abraham Lincoln, in Prospect Park, I'.rooklyn; Abraham 
 Lincoln, L'nion Square, New York; equestrian statue of General Win- 
 held Scott f.ir the United States, in Washington, 1), C; statue of 
 General tleorge Clinton for the State of New York; statue of Richard 
 Stockton for the State of New Jersey ; statue of ( iciieral Phillip Kearny 
 for the State of New Jersey, all three in the National (lallery in Wash- 
 ingt. m. There is als( . a cast of the General Kearny in Military Square, 
 Newark, N. J.; and the equestrian statue of General (."ireene for the 
 Government m Washington, D. C. In 1S76 he was member of the 
 jury of selection of works of art for the Centennial Exposition. His 
 last executed work is the figure of the Resurrection for Jirs. Burton's 
 monument in Cedar Hill Cemetery, near Newburgh. He had chosen 
 the text ■• Why seek ye the living among the dead? He is not here 
 but is risen." He pronounced his work complete onlv a dav or two 
 before the death of his beloved wife, so the theme had an additional 
 impressiveness. Soon after this his own health began hi fail, but his 
 one remaining object in life was to make an appropriate monument 
 to the memory of his departed companion. He chose as his subject 
 a pilgrim with scallop shell, but his failing strength did not permit 
 him to finish this work. Those who remember .Mrs. Brown know 
 how appropriate to her self-sacrificing life is the ideal pjilgrim, and 
 in its way her ability was not less than his. Brookh'ii, as well 
 as Newburgh, is to day benefitted by the charity organizations 
 in the forming of which she was one of the principal moving spirits. 
 On July 10, iS.S6, Mr. Brown died, and his body was laid at rest 
 beside that of his wife in Cedar Hill Cemetery. It is to be re- 
 gretted that he could not finish the monument to lier, as was his 
 earnest wish, and strange as it may seem, during his last years, he 
 many times requested of his nephew that his sh(juld be an unmarkeil 
 grave, preferring, one would su])pose, that he should be known by his 
 works only. 
 
 HON. ENOCH L. FANCHER, LL. D. Almost daily from June 
 to November Jud.ge k'ancher is seen in llie streets of Newburgh. 
 This has been his habit for thirty years past, during which he has 
 has had a dual residence— one in the City of New York, the other at 
 "Elfwood"in the Town of New Windsor, three miles and a half 
 south of Newburgh. Four months of the year his post-office aildrcss 
 is Newburgh, the other eight months at his city residence. No. 141 
 Madison Avenue, New York, and at his law office. No. 229 Broail- 
 way. New York City. 
 
 The prefix to his name comes from his former position as a Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, he having been ap- 
 pointed to that office by the late Governor John T. Hofl'man to fill 
 the unexpired term of George (}. Barnard, who was impeached l>y 
 the Senate. After filling that vacaney he was nominateil liy the Re- 
 publicans ')f the City of New York for a further term of I'ourtecn 
 years, and came within a few votes of election, but the ])ower ol 
 Tammany Hall was sufficient to elect its candidate. Thereupon I '.ov- 
 ernor Dix nominated him as Arbitrator of the newly erected Court 
 of Arbitration of the Chamlier of Commerce of the State ol New 
 York, and the Senate confirmed the nomination. 
 
 For a number of years there was much luisiness before the new 
 court, and important controversies were there decided, as appear by 
 
 numerous decisions and opinions of Judge Fancher printed in the Re- 
 ports of the Chamber. No costs or fees were by the law allowed to 
 attorneys or counsel in that court, and for that reason especially, and 
 because by amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure arbitrations 
 were placed rm a new footing, so that a review of the decisions could 
 be liad, the Court of Arbitration has little business before it except 
 what arises among the shipping merchants of the port of New York. 
 Judge Fancher is therefore chiefly enga.ged in the practice of his j^ro- 
 fession as a lawj-er in the City of New York. Several years ago the 
 Wesleyan L^niversity, of Middletown, Conn., conferred on him the 
 degree of LL. 1),, lioiuirii causa. 
 
 He is and for some N'ears past has been president of the American 
 ISiljle Society, a life office; also president of the New York Institution 
 for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, a vice-president of the 
 Missionary Society <jf the Methodist Episcopal Church, a life member 
 ot the New Engiaml Society, and a memlier of the Union League 
 Club of New York. I'rom early life he has been a conspicuous lay 
 
 HON. ENOCH L. FANCHER. 
 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was one of the ten 
 0111 the South and live from the North — who 
 
 ci>n]missioners — live 
 met at Ca}ie Ma\' in iS;^ to settle on some basis of I'ratcnial 
 union between the two liranchcs of the .Mctliodist Church, which 
 had been divided l>y the civil war. .'V declaration was a.greed upon 
 by these commissioners, which was eventually accepted by both 
 North and South. There was only one protest, and it was made by 
 the Central New York Conference. This led to the publication by 
 Judge Fancher of a panqihlct on Methodist Fraternity, which was so 
 timely and written in siicli a liapjiy vein tliat it did much towards re- 
 storing harmcjny between the two l)odics. 
 
 Were he not a lawyer, judge and arbitrator, the sulijcet of our 
 sketch would have distinguished himself as an author or journalist, 
 lie has written a number of articles for leading periodicals. The 
 (Jiiar/cr/y Jxii'/c-.j published an essay of his on the " (Jbligations of 
 Society to the Common Law," which attracted much attention. His 
 articles on " ICducation," " College Honors," " Human Progress," and 
 " Wmidcrs of Written Langua,ges," were of such exceptional merit as 
 
196 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 to be copied by the daily press of the e<iuiitrv, A little work b\- him, 
 entitled "Tlie American Rcpulilic and Us Cdnstitiitional (iovcrn- 
 nient," shmdil be made a 
 a text bo(il< in our enl- 
 lei;es. It is tile most terse 
 as well as exhaustive 
 compendium of •mv sys- 
 tem of law and i^ovcrn- 
 ment. 
 
 CHARLES DOWN- 
 ING, horticulturist, was 
 born in Newburv;li. July 
 I). iSoc, and died in New- 
 burgh, January iS, 1SS5. 
 His father (Samuel) and 
 mother were both natives 
 of Lexington, Mass., and 
 upon their m a r r i age 
 moved from Ctunbridge 
 to Xewburgh, and hence 
 to M on tgi'iiie r y. t h e 
 father intending to pur- 
 sue his trade of carriage 
 maker at that place. But 
 owing tC) his ill health 
 there he returned 1 1 > 
 Newburgh, and about the 
 beginning of the present 
 
 century established a shop lor the manufacture of wagons. .)n the 
 northeast corner of Broad and Liberty Streets. Within a few \ears 
 he abandoned the trade to become a nurseryman. Although not 
 the first to engage in the nursery business in the County of ( Irange, 
 he was the first to conduct it so sueeessfully as to secure its contimi- 
 
 a n ce. H e d i c d 
 Xcivenilier i , 1S22. 
 I lis wife, Eunice, 
 died October 21), 
 I'S^vS, leaving fonr 
 children, namely, 
 Lniily, born rSoi. 
 mai'ricd Sylvester 
 l'"erry, d i e d 1,^(14; 
 Charles; (leorge 
 W. , born 1.S04, died 
 iS4(j; A lid re w J., 
 born 1 S 1 5, (1 i ed 
 1.S52. 
 
 The early lil'e of 
 C li a ]■ les Downing 
 was passed under 
 the careful training 
 of his father in Ihc 
 mirserv business, 
 and in attendance 
 ii|ioii the common 
 schools of his da\-. 
 Before he had at- 
 tained his majority 
 his father died, and 
 theresponsibilit\'of 
 conducting the bus- 
 iness, and the su|>- 
 port of the faiiiih', 
 to a large degree devolved upon him. When Andrew J. reached 
 adult years he united with his brother in the management and eontn A 
 of the business under the firm name of C. K- .\. J. Downing. The 
 business connection continued for a few years only. In 1S37 Charles 
 removed to where Alfred Bridgeniaii now resides, on the (jutskirts of 
 
 ELFWOOD"— THE RESIDENCE OF HON. ENOCH L. FANCHER— New Winduu 
 
 the cit\-; his brother continued on the home place. Charles con- 
 tinued in the nursery business thirty years, and became the foremost 
 
 pomologist of the United 
 Stales. 
 
 Naturally of a pene- 
 trating and enquiring 
 mind, he studied closely 
 the forms, varieties and 
 (pialities of the different 
 fruits that came under 
 his observation, and by 
 careful investigation, ex- 
 ]ierimenting and proving, 
 lie was enabled to im- 
 prove many varieties of 
 fruits and originate 
 others, some of which 
 bear his name to this 
 day. The later years of 
 liis life were passed at 
 Ills later residence at the 
 southeast corner of 
 Chambers and South 
 Streets, where, relieved 
 of business cares, he was 
 free to pursue his pomo- 
 logical investigations and 
 literary work with even 
 .greater assiduity than in 
 former years, when his 
 brother, Andrew J., who as 
 
 .f hi- 
 
 CHARLES DOWNING. 
 
 fame was overshado\ved b\' that 
 a writer on landscape gardening and rural architecture, as well as 
 associate cilitor of the Horticulturist , secured a reputation that was 
 not confined to the countr^■ of his nativity. 
 
 Charles had delighted more in the cultivation, study and gTowth 
 of those things of 
 which his brother 
 wrote; but in the 
 latter jiart of his 
 life he became a 
 regular contributor 
 to periodicals, and 
 twice revised " The 
 Fruits and Fruit 
 Trees of America," 
 originally written 
 by his brother, ami 
 after the last re\'is- 
 ion added two ap- 
 pendices, contain- 
 ing new fruits, cor- 
 rections, etc. , mak- 
 ing the wliolc work 
 twice the original 
 size. This great 
 work has passed 
 through iiiaiu- edi- 
 tions, and beconic 
 a classii.-, and is re- 
 garded as the high- 
 est authority on the 
 subjects of which 
 it treats. In his 
 chose 11 held h c 
 became renowned; 
 
 from all parts of the laml his advice and judgment were sought, and 
 fruits sent to him to prove their nomenclature and characteristics. 
 Thus were his last and best years passed in peaceful home life, and 
 in the coiii]ianionship of a few kindred siiirits. Since he started in 
 life, Xewburgh has become the center of a great fruit-growing dis- 
 
 ANDREW J, DOWNING, 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 197 
 
 trict. which has produced men who have earned distincti(.n in this 
 field, all of whom looked to DoAvning as a master. 
 
 mer of 1S50 he spent in England, visiting the great country-seats, of 
 which lie wrote descriptions, and in that year published his "Archi- 
 tecture of Country Houses." His remaining work 
 is an edition of Mrs. Loudon's " Landscape-garden- 
 ing for Ladies." In 1S31 he was commissioned tf) lav 
 out and plant the puldic grounds of the Capitol, the 
 White IIiiusc and the Smithsonian buildings at Wash- 
 ington, lie was employed in tlicse and other profes- 
 sional lal)ors, when lie set out for Xewport, leaving 
 Ncwburgli on the 2.stli of July, 1.^52, in tile steamer 
 Henry Clay. The l)oat entered into acontest with the 
 Armenia, and when near ^'onkers was discovered to 
 be on fire. Mr. Downing ])erished in his efforts to 
 save other passengers. His "Rural Essays" were 
 collected and published in 1S53, with a memoir by 
 George William Curtis, and a " Letter to his Friends," 
 by Frederika Bremer, wlio was Mr. fJowning's guest 
 during a portion of her visit to the United States, 
 and an enthusiastic admirer of the man and his 
 works. 
 
 HENRY DUDLEY, A. M., was born in the City 
 
 of New York in is;i7. After .going to school in 
 
 Poughkeepsie and in Europe, he was graduated from 
 
 Columbia College, and after continuing his studies 
 
 received tlic degree of A. M. In iS6s, shortly after 
 
 his marriage to Miss Anna Fellows, he came to 
 
 Xewburgh to reside. All liis children were born in 
 
 the old homestead, and he has been interested and 
 
 identified with this city since that time. For manj- 
 
 yciirs lie has been :i \'estrvnian of St. George's 
 
 Church, and assisted in looking after its welfare. 
 
 Mr. Downing was mari'ied September 20, 1.S30, to Mary, daughter fie has served for tlirec terms as Scliool Trustee of the town, 
 
 of Samuel Wait, of Montgomery, N. Y., but no children were born and has represented the city an<l town in the Board of Jlanage- 
 
 of the union. Mrs. Downing died CJctober i.S, iSSo. , 
 
 RESIDENCE OF HENRY DUDLEV-Bal 
 
 ANDREW JACKSON DOWNING was born in Xewburgh on 
 the spot where he always lived, and which he always loved more 
 than any other, October 30, 1S15. From an early age his tastes were 
 directed to horticulture, botany and the natural sciences, which the 
 occupation of his father, a nurseryman, gave him opportunities to 
 cultivate. His education was acquired chiefly at the academy of the 
 neighboring village of Montgomery. At the age of sixteen he joined 
 his brother Charles in the management of the nursery, and began a 
 course of self-education. He formed the acquaintance of Baron de 
 Liderer, the Austrian consul-general, and other gentlemen of the 
 neighborhood, whose fine estates he visited, cultivating his taste for 
 landscape gardening, and studying the forms and varieties of plant 
 life. In June, 1838, he married the daughter of John Peter De Wint, 
 of Fishkill, and in that year built a beautiful mansion upon his estate 
 in the Elizabethan style, which was the first practical illustration of 
 what an American rural home might be. His career as an author 
 began with the publication of the "Treatise and Practice of Land- 
 scape Gardening adapted to North America, with a view to the Im- 
 provement of Country Residences, with Remarks on Rural Architect- 
 ure "(1841). This book passed into instant popularity, and became 
 invaluable to the thousands in every part of the country who were 
 waiting for the master-word which should tell them what to do to 
 make their homes as beautiful as they wished, aiirl orders for tlic 
 construction of houses and decoration of grounds followed the orders 
 for copies of the book to his publishers. His " Cottage Residences " 
 (1842) was received with equal favor, and established him as the chief 
 American authority on rural art. "The Fruits and Fruit-trees of 
 America "was printed simultaneously in London and New York in 
 1845, and a second edition, with colored plates, in 1S50. In 1846 Mr. 
 Downing became connected with the //nr//) ii//iii/'\/ . for wliich he 
 wrote an essay each month till his death. In 1S49 he wrote " Addi- 
 tional Notes and Hints about Building in the Country," for an /\nicr- 
 ican reprint of Wightwick's • ' Hints to Young Architects. " The Sum- 
 
 ■i A 
 
 HENRY DUDLEY 
 
 nient of the House of Refuge, of which institution he has for the past 
 four years been Treasurer. He was largely interested in the fijrma- 
 
198 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 tiun of the societies for the prevcnti<in of cruelly to bolli cliiMreii ;inil 
 animals, haviny been vice-presideiil < if the furiiu-r ami presi'leiil l"i 
 several years i)f the latter. He aideil in estalilisliiiiv;- llie Edison Elee- 
 trie Illuininatinv;- Co. Since Uic dealli, in iss,,, ..f his wife be has de- 
 voted himself to his family and to church and charitalilc work. 
 
 HALSEY R. STEVENS was born al I'aUicld, ( '.raftou County, 
 N, II., February 22, 1 s. 10. Ills lallici, Moscs Stcveus, was a farmer 
 of that State. His mother, Sall\- Cass, was a rclati\'e nf (iencral 
 Lewis Cass. 'Ph.ur^h possessing; only such advanta.ijcs as were ab 
 forded by the irreyularb- niaiutained district schools of the period, 
 
 Mr. Steveus made 
 such i;dod use ol 
 his time and of the 
 few bool<s that 
 came in his waN' as 
 to be c|ualified at 
 the age of sixteen 
 to take charge of 
 one of the eonunon 
 schools in his 
 u c i ;,;- h b o r h o o d , 
 tcaehint; d u r i n .ti- 
 the Winter, and at 
 other seasons aid- 
 iu;^' his father in 
 the mana.u'enient 
 of liis farm. Hav- 
 ing- a 1 1 ai ned his 
 iuaiorit\- h e c on- 
 tmued his ai^ricul- 
 tnral 1 aljors for 
 several \'ears, at 
 the same time de- 
 votiuL;' all his intei"- 
 vals of leisure to 
 the ever-congenial 
 occupation of 
 stuily. He removed 
 from BnHeld to 
 Lel)anon, X. II, , iu 
 1S24. A residence ni this ]jlace, from its comparati\-e \"iciuit\- lo 
 iJartmouth CoUe.ge, brought Mr, Stevens in contact with the 
 professors of that institntion, and resulted in his being elected an 
 honorary member of the collc.ge literary societies, .Soon after his 
 removal to this place he engaged as clerk in the store of James 
 Willis, becoming his ])LU'tner in 1S2S; and stdiseipicnth' pnrehasing 
 the interest of Mr. Willis. In 1S34 he was appointed Postmaster 
 of East LelKinon, and about the same time was made Jtistice of 
 the Peace. In 1S35, iSiOand 1.S37 he was a member of the Legis- 
 lattire, each term being chananan of imjiortant connnittees. In 
 1.S51 he withdrew from his business associations in Lebanon and, 
 removing to Xewdiurgh, connected himself witli Homer Rams- 
 dell and iJavid Moore in the lumber trade of Xewburgh, and the 
 manufacture of lumber at Wellsville, AUe.ghany County, X. \',, hav- 
 ing previously as a member of the firm of II. R. Ste\'ens lV Co. pur- 
 chased large tracts <if timber land in that region. This and sinnlar 
 business associations continued till 1S5H, when he and Mr. Moore pm- 
 ehascd the interest of several firms in which he was a ]>artncr, ami 
 formed a new partnership styled Uavid JSIoore & Co. This partner- 
 ship continued till Mr. Moore's death, and a year later Mr. Stevens re- 
 tired, and was succeeded by his son Elbridge (Jerry Stevens, who still 
 carries on the business. Mr. Stevens was a Village Trustee in rsjy, 
 1S58 and 1S59. In i.sdj he was elected a Director of the Highland 
 Bank. The various occupations of his life, whether mercantile, 
 judicial or legislative, did not interrupt his ardent pursuit i.f knowl- 
 edge. He was a life-long student, and in his later years his intellect- 
 ual laljors assumed the form of literary and scientilic investigati<ins, 
 which resulted in the honors of authorshi]). He published " Scri]itnrc 
 .Speculations" (1S75) and ' ' I'"aith ami Reason" ( iS7()); both works have 
 
 bivii widciv read among biblical scholars, Mr. Stevens was highly 
 cslecuicd in Xewburgh as a fine gentleman, an able business man 
 ami a probmnd scholar. He died May 22, iSS,, leaving a widow 
 (lormerly Bettina Howe) ami one son, by a b.rmer marriage, Elbridge 
 
 (icrr\- Stevens. 
 
 -^'.''.s 
 
 ENOCH CARTER came ol g.,od stock, the sturdy honesty of 
 which was one of his consijicuous traits. His grandfather, for whom 
 he was named, was a Philadelphia-born Uuaker of English blood. At 
 the c.iinniencement of the Revolution he was a tanner and currier in 
 Xcw York, and, lieing a Whig, in spite of the peaceful tenets of his 
 ]irofession, when the British occupied Xew York he was conspicuous 
 enough as'a rebel to render it prudent for him to retire into the coun- 
 try, ''lie to,,k u|) his abode at Fort Montgomery. I )n the return of 
 pJace he went back to Xcw York. The grandfather had six children, 
 of « hom the father of the subject of this notice, Jonathan, was the 
 eldest. lonathan was born in 1772, in Xew 'S'ork, and after his fath- 
 er's death, in I7'j2, continned his business anrl the support of the fam- 
 ilv. In 179S the _\-cllow fever broke rait and caused his removal to 
 X'ewburgh, where he went into tile toliacco business, in which he 
 continued until his death in 1S20. Jonathan's third wife was Jane 
 Linderman, of German ancestry. She died in 1S30 leaving: (i) Enoch 
 (born September 17, i,Sio), (2) Margaret, wdio married Levi D. Wool- 
 sey, (3) Catherine, wdio married Henry Rycr, (4) Charles. 
 
 ' In early life Enoch Carter shipped on one of the Xewburgh Whal- 
 ing Company's vessels, and passed some years at sea, but came back 
 to Xewd3urgh about the year 1S44 and engaged in the tobacco business 
 in a store opposite the Highland Bank, where he remained until he 
 had opportunitv through the death of Mr. Wilev dii^ father'- successor) 
 
 riALSEr- R STEVENS. 
 
 ENOCH CARTER 
 
 lo ])urchase tlie stock and take possession of his father's ohl place of 
 business, in which he continued the trade till a few vears before his 
 death. 
 
 It will be seen from this sketch that .Mr. Carter was a Xcwburgher 
 born and brcil; and all who knew him will leslifv to the anxious de- 
 x-otioii he felt for the place ami its interests. He was among the fore- 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 199 
 
 most in every project \vhich promised to advanee lliosc interests or 
 matrnify the fame of Newburgh. Such enterprises, when approv- 
 ing themselves to his liberal judgment, never lacked Hic aid ..f his 
 voice and purse. He took a deep interest in politics; was frequent- 
 ly the candidate of the Democratic party for local ])ositions, and rep- 
 resented it in State and National c. inventions, gaining a reinitalion 
 more than local. But he had no disposition to make himself conspic- 
 uous as a leader, and for office-holding he had but a moderate desire. 
 While a member of the Board of Supervisors iie inaugm-ated the ef- 
 fort which resulted in the estabhshment of the Xcwhurgh Alms House, 
 and that model institution is largely indebted to his suggestions I'oi' 
 the success with which it was established and conducted.' ■■ T(. l..cal 
 improvements of every kind he was a liberal contributor; wliilo t,. his 
 antiquarian tastes, and to the reverence for the memorv <>{ the found- 
 ers of the nation, the public are mainly indebted for tlic valuable col- 
 lection of manuscripts and other relics which are deposited in Wash- 
 ington's Headquarters, as well as for tlie rescue of that property from 
 thegraspof private speculation, and the care with which the man- 
 sion has been preserved."* He was one i.f the foun.lcrs of the Me- 
 chanics' Library Association, and gave it a large collection of miner- 
 als. He manifested a deep interest in the success of the free schools 
 and of the free library, and at one time prepared his will for the en- 
 dowment of a school of design. Mr. Carter's private charities were 
 many and liberal. His intellect was strong, vigorous and practical, 
 developed by habits of thought and observation. He had the faults 
 of other mortals, and some of these w-ere conspicuous in his person. 
 " His character was two-fold: the outward, springing from impulse 
 and marred by the impress of associations by sea and land into whicli 
 he was thrown; and the mward. actuated by kindlv sympathies and 
 noble purposes."* However, the characteristics of tlie num which 
 were least commendable were pardcjnable ones, and such as often 
 ser\-ed by contrast to show the sterhng character of his manhood. 
 His last work was the Cedar Hill Cemetery. He watched the grad- 
 ing and beautifying of the .grounds, little thinking, jjrobably, that he 
 himself would be the first of its silent occupants. Mr. Carter never 
 married. He died at his residence in Smith Street, near Second, 
 January 14, 1S72. ilrs. Charles JIapes and Jliss Antoinette Wool- 
 sey, of Xewburgh; Mrs. L. H. Blackman, formerly of Xew York; and 
 Mrs. Walter Reed, of Brooklvn, are nieces. 
 
 only one other (Hon. T. M. Nivcn) of the first trustees is now hving. 
 Ill politics Mr. I'atton was first a lJem...cral, his first vote being 
 cast lor Ccneral Jackson; but when President \'an Buren was re'- 
 noniinated .Mr. Patton voted against him, because of a speech he 
 made dis]>r.,viiig of the credit system. Altcrwards he ix-came a 
 \\'hig, and when tluil party was split into "Woolly Heads" and 
 "Silver (irays ' he voted with the latter and was defeated. Then he 
 returned to the Democratic party, and ever since has been connected 
 
 /^.Jf-L.. 
 
 JAMES PATTON is one of the best known citizens of Orange 
 County, and a typical representative of its agricultural industry. 
 "'Squire" Patton, as he is familiarly known among his friends, has 
 been a lifelong resident of this vicinity. He was born on a farm three 
 and a half miles we.st of Newburgh, June 6, 1S03. He remained at 
 the homestead till he reached his majority, and then moved to a farm 
 of fifty acres at " Washington Square," bequeathed him by his father. 
 A pair of horses and one cow were his stock in trade when he com- 
 menced farming on his own account. The following year he started 
 a blacksmith shop, and conducted it in connection with his farming 
 interests. 
 
 In 1827 he rented a tavern and store, and was successful therein 
 till 1830, when he purchased the fine farm where he now resides, ad- 
 jacent to the last campground of the main Continental array. On 
 coming to this place he began the business of buying and selling 
 cattle, which he has ever since pursued with jiroFit. For many years 
 he has been the largest dealer in this vicinity. .Mr. Patton has lent 
 his aid to many good works, both in this town and in the city. In all 
 that concerns his neighborhood his opinion has weight. Wlien 
 eighteen years old he joined a local cavalry conijjany and scrvcil 
 seven years. As a member of this company he had the honor of lic- 
 ing one of General Lafayette's bodyguard when he visited Newburgh 
 in 1824. Mr. Patton was one of the first stockholders of the High- 
 land Bank. He also promoted the organization of the Quassaick 
 Bank, of which he was rme of the directors for many years; he is the 
 only member of the first board now living. He was also one of the 
 incorporators of the Newburgh Savings Bank, and beside himself 
 
 * Ruttenber's History. 
 
 JAMES PATTON 
 
 Willi it. He was twice elected justice of the ])eacc, and has held 
 other offices in liis town. Mr. Patton's home farm contains over two 
 hundred acres, and with his son he has large landed interests. He 
 is accounted a substantial ciiUiUry geiitlcnian of the " old school, "and 
 enjovs vigori>us health and a green old age. 
 
 JOHN W. McCULLOUGH is of Scotch-Irish descent. His grand- 
 father emigrated from Scollaiid and settled in the North of Ireland, 
 where his sou William, the father of John W., was l>orn. William 
 came to Newburgh in tSi2, and his son John W.. was born here in 
 iSio, in a house on the corner of .Mill Street ami Western .Avenue, 
 where the Church of the Good Shepherd now stands. l""roni his earliest 
 )'ears his God-fearing parents directed his conduct aright, and implant- 
 ed in his mind those moral precepts which have .guided his steps all his 
 life long. He was sent to school to J.ihn Go.jdsell, the schoolhouse be- 
 ing ill Liberty Street nearly oi>])osile Limestone Hill (now (iidney 
 Avenue), and kniiwii as the Glelie School. Afterward he attended the 
 nigh Scliool, of which I). ,M, Smith was principal. 
 
 He leaincd the toliaeconisl trade from William M. Wilcv, whose 
 shop was ill Water Street where is now George W. Green's Ixiok store. 
 Ill 1S45 lie started in liusiness for liiiiiself in the wholesale and retail 
 trade at No. 93 Front Street, and continued there till 1873, wdienhepur- 
 chased the business of Benjamin Ilaniuorc. who a short time before 
 had succeeded Ale.N. Mc Cann (the successor of the late Enoch Carter), 
 at No. 70 Water Street. Afterwards he bought the adjoinin.g build- 
 ing, No. 68, and moved his business there, where )ic still continues to 
 do a large manufacturing business. 
 
;oo 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 In 1S65 Mr, McC'ullnui;-h piiixiiaSL-d frmn Haxid .Millc_-i- the iiuu'ble 
 yard in Front Street and eonducted it (witlicut discontniuing his In- 
 
 l):ieeii business) un- 
 til 1S711, when he 
 snld (lie >anl U' 
 Webber. l''c>rs(.n .V 
 R..SS, Mr. MeCul- 
 hiu:<h was l)r(iut;ht 
 up in the Covenan- 
 ter L'hnreh, was 
 baptised by the 
 ;.;reat divine I ir. 
 W'illsnn, an il has 
 been (<iY many 
 years one nf the 
 most heljiful work- 
 ers in the denomi- 
 nation in the eity. 
 F..r a Ion;.;- peri.Kl 
 lie was an I'^lder in 
 the I'hrst Reform- 
 ed Presbyter ian 
 Chnreh under the 
 ministration of 
 the Rev. Samuel 
 Carlisle, and for 
 al>oiit thirt\'-se\'en 
 ( ty more years also 
 performed the du- 
 ties ot Treasurer. 
 His first wife was 
 Sarah D. MeCart- 
 ney. John R. MeCuUough and Mrs. Curtis M. Thorpe were born of 
 that union. His second wife was J. Kate Jamison, who died in 1SS4, 
 leaving no children. Conscientiously adhering to the principles of 
 his church, ilr. iNIcCullough has never taken any part in political 
 affairs, but none has loved his country 
 better, or rejoiced more in her great achieve- 
 ments. In his long business career his name 
 has been a synonym for unbending integrity 
 and honorable dealings. 
 
 later purchasing the whole property. The bu.siness acquired large 
 at one time it amounted to §1,600,000 a year, and for 
 it av- 
 
 JOHN W. McCULLOUGH. 
 
 WILLIAM HILTON. 
 
 JAMES BIGLER w-as born near Bing- 
 hamton, N. Y., Feb. 6, iSiS. A portion of 
 his boyhood was passed in C'tiea, where 
 he saw the completion of the Erie canal 
 and the passage of the first boat through it. 
 In 1825 the family returned to Binghamton, 
 and on leaving school Mr. lligler joined 
 his father in the grocery and provision 
 business. To this the lumber trade was add- 
 ed. With the lumber-men of the region they 
 exchanged groceries and provisions for lum- 
 ber and .shipped it to various parts of the 
 State, considerable of it coming to New- 
 burgh. In the Spring of 1S42 Mr. Biglcr 
 started John \V. Wells in business at the 
 foot of Western Avenue (nowBroadway) in 
 this city and in September of that year eirter- 
 ed into partnership with him. The other 
 lumber merchants in Newburgh at that 
 time were Belknap & Clinton, Peter Foster, 
 and Thomas Kimball. When the Newburgh 
 .Steam Mills were building, two years later, 
 Mr. Biglcr contracted to furnish all the 
 
 lumber and timber needed in their construction, and afterwards he 
 went into the business on a large scale. 
 
 In 1S44 he commenced the erection of a steam saw-mill on Norris's 
 dock at the South End, first leasing the dock, and two or three years 
 
 JAMES BIGLER. 
 
 proportions; 
 many )'ears 
 eraged $100,000 a 
 month. The tim- 
 ber arrived at the 
 mill in rafts from 
 tile West, and after 
 bcin.g sawed was 
 loailed on vessels 
 and sent to all 
 parts. iJuring the 
 war he manufac- 
 tured hundreds of 
 gun-carriages for 
 the (iovernment, 
 and also supplied it 
 with lumber and 
 timber for naval 
 construction. I n 
 is6i the mill was 
 destroyed by fire, 
 but was rebuilt in 
 five week s. M r. 
 Bigler wdiile in this 
 b u s i ness o w n e d 
 three ships, one 
 barque, and a 
 number of schoon- 
 ers, bar.ges and 
 steam b oats. In 
 1.879 he organized 
 
 the Newburgh Telephone Company, and with the Western Union 
 Telegraph Company owned most of the stock. Afterwards he aided 
 in the organization of the Hudson River Telephone Company, and 
 combined the Xewburgh company with it. He w-as elected presi- 
 dent of the Hudson River Company, and 
 laid the first telephone cable across the 
 Hudson. He continued in the presidency 
 of the company tdl two years ago, but is 
 still a director. 
 
 In 1S7O he became interested in the 
 Courtney automatic signal buoys, and has 
 continued their manufacture ever since. He 
 became the sole proprietor of the invention, 
 but three years ago his interest was pur- 
 chased, except that he still has a royalty on 
 all manufactured, wdiich part of the business 
 he still superintends. It has been the most 
 successful buoy made, and is in use in all 
 parts of the country- Mr. Bigler purchased 
 ^^ the ship-building works of Ward, Stanton 
 
 ^^Hhta^^ & Co. after the firm failed, and for a time 
 
 ^^^^^^^IT~ continued the bu,siness. He sold the plant 
 
 ^^^m to the Chesapeake Dry Dock and Construc- 
 
 ^I^F I tion Company, of Newport News, and for a 
 
 short period he was superintendent of that 
 compaii)'. 
 
 He is now and has been for some vears 
 cnga.ged in manufacturing caisson gates for 
 the Simpson Dry Docks. Mr. Bigler was 
 one of the organizers of the National Bank 
 of Newdjurgh; and at one time the largest 
 individual stockholder; he was one of the 
 subscribers to the original stock of the Erie 
 Railroad; he was a liberal subscriber toward 
 the purchase of the Home for the Friendless, and actually purchased 
 the property himself and deeded it to the society. For more than 
 thirty years was a member of the consistory of the American Re- 
 formed Church. He was a member of the Board of Village Trustees 
 
NEWBURGH. 201 
 
 at institution of the citv government, and an Alderman for two vpnr^ T,,i-,„ n„,i t i ■ i r 
 
 thereafter. He is now a leading member of the Board of T ade He I flo r .^Tf if"" ' -->'.y-- "--hants in the hardware 
 
 has been twice married-first to Miss Harriet E Smith of BmcT T R f^ed bus„,ess respeet.vly, m this eity), and had William 
 
 hamton m .,. .1 m Pebr.ar,, :So. to M,ss MaiVT .^r^f :;Je:h d' i^ ^ndSr"' ''-'- "''" '-^'' ^'"""^' "^^^ 
 Elizabeth, N. J. lie has three sons and three daughters. •' r v y m, 
 
 WILLIAM HILTON was for many years prominent in building 
 and real estate affairs. He possessed in a notable degree the esteem 
 of his townsmen, and was one who impressed his mark upon the com- 
 munity. He came of Scotch Covenanter stock and was born in the 
 North of Ireland, October 4, 1S15. He came here with his father's 
 family in 1S32, and resided here until his death, April 4, 1.5, ,0. 
 
 After learning his trade with John W. (lott, of Little Britain, and 
 Alanson JliUer, of Newburgh, Mr. Hilton began business as a car- 
 penter and builder in 1S37. With the rapid growth of the village his 
 operations became very large. Scores, almost hundreds, ( if the houses 
 constituting the city were erected either wholly or partly by him; and 
 a number of tine residences in the suburbs. He built the residences of 
 Judge FuUerton, Thomas B. Shclton, Caleb Sprague Henry, U. D., 
 LL. D., William J. Roe, Prof. Greene, Walter Vail, the parsonage of 
 Calvary Church, the Church of Our Father, the Free Library, the 
 Chandler building, the Peck .V Van Dalfsen building, and thirty 
 dweUings in Smith Street alnni.'. He opened up North Miller Street 
 and sold the lots. He built the residence No. 291 Liberty Street for his 
 own occupation, and lived there many years. He was succeeded in 
 business by his son William H. 
 
 Mr. Hilton became a member of Engine Company No. 2, May 7, 
 1839, and was the foreman when the company was disbanded in 
 1S49. He was for many years an elder of the First Reformed Pres- 
 byterian Church. He was a life member of the American Bible So- 
 ciety, and a director of the Newburgh Bible Society. He contriljuted 
 largely to the support of all worthy objects, and there are many who 
 have reason to remember his kindness. Apart from his regular 
 business Mr. Hilton's life was a quiet one, and the evening hours 
 would generally find him in his library. lie was a well-read man, 
 and particularly interested in sacred history. Holiling to the peculiar 
 principles of his church, he had no part in petty political strifes or 
 pastimes, but he was an ardent Abohtionist and a friend of the op- 
 pressed. His whole life was that of an honest, upriglit man. 
 Mr. Hilton married Ellen J. Lawson, of St. Andrews, a sister of 
 
 ^1-jr-o, 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JOHN HILTON— 333 Grand Street. 
 
 JOHN HILTON. 
 
 JOHN HILTON. The opportunities which Newburgh presents 
 to men of intelligence and perseverance have a striking illustration in 
 the career of tins gentleman, who, commencing as a 
 poor boy, acquired a large fortune solely through 
 the channels open to everyone in Newl:)urgh. ]\Ir. 
 Hilton's business was exclusively in real estate, and 
 at the present time he is probably the largest indi- 
 vidual property-owner in the city. 
 
 Mr. Hilton was liorn in the North of Ireland, in 
 i8if). He IS a brother of William Hilton and first 
 cousin of Judge Henry Hilton, of New Vork. He 
 was sixteen years old when he came tcj Newburgh. 
 After learning the mason trade he went to New York 
 City to work under the instruction of metropolitan 
 Iniilders, and for a short period carried on business 
 for himself. Doubtless had he remained in New 
 York, the perseverance and sagacity which charac- 
 terize him would have earned him in that great 
 field a far larger measure of success than even that 
 which lie has achieved within the bounds of this little 
 city, ■•'or a number of years after returning to New- 
 biiigh lie was a master mason, but eventually his 
 Iniilding oiicrations were exclusively on his own ac- 
 count, though the greater part of his realty was ac- 
 (juired liy purchase. With the steaily growth of the 
 city anil (lie aiijircciation of values his interests 
 Itecame very large. Mr. Hilton married in 1S65 
 y\niia k. Turner, of Wisconsin, anil has the fol- 
 lowing children: William T., Bertha, Robert and 
 Ralph. 
 
202 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 EDSON H. CLARK, bc.rn at East Hampton, Mass., Jaimary z. 
 1S13; died at liis rcsidriKx- in Liberty Street, Nc\vburj;li. A|)ril ■;, 
 iS.^5. INIr. Clark came of an old New Kngland I'ainily. His father 
 was a master millwright. A iiortion of Edson's buyh.Hid was spent 
 
 enunty 
 were e 
 spent 1 
 seit--nee 
 
 fairs a notable r.ne. For many years he and Charles Downing 
 
 ,,-w..rkers in tliis field, and during,' their elosing years they 
 
 iHieh of their time to-ether in the stndy of their favorite 
 
 111 .Mr. Clark's K^'i''!'-'''! "'as a tree which bore at one time 
 
 EDSON H. CLARK. 
 
 in the village of Rloomingburn;h, Sullivan Comity, X. V., from which 
 place he came to Newd)urgh to learn the stone-cutting trade with 
 Thornton JI. Niven. He continued at that trade until he was twenty- 
 two years old, when he became connected with the firm of Oakley & 
 Davis, of Newburgh, and represented the firm at New Milford, N. J. 
 
 In 1S43 he associated himself with Isaac Stanton, Nicholas Wilson 
 and James Robinson, forming the firm of Stanton, Clark & Co., wlio 
 erected a foundry and machine shoj^ at the foot of South Street, on 
 Front, to which the title of '■ Highland i'urnace " was given. Samuel 
 G. Kimball bought an interest in the business in 1.S46. This firm was 
 dissolved in 1S51, when the lease of the plant expired. Mr. Clark then 
 formed a copartnership with Jlr. Kimball and l^uilt the ironworks 
 in Washington Street for many vears known as Clark & Kimball's. 
 They did general foundry and machine work, and were very success- 
 ful. ' 
 
 ;\Ir. Clark was elected a member of the Hoard of Village Trustees 
 in 1S54, and again in 1.365. TIil' following year he represented the 
 Third "Ward as a member of the first Common Council under the city 
 .government. He had the welfare of the city at heart, and being a 
 man of varied experience and knowledge his opinions and advice al- 
 ways had weight. His was a modest and unassuming nature. He 
 never sought public honor and applause, lint like his life-long frieiiil, 
 Charles Downing, carefully shunned all ostentation. 
 
 Mr. Claik retired from business in 1S75, and the remainder of his 
 life was spent in the (juietude cjf his home and the society of a few 
 chosen friends. He was, like .Mr. Downing, greatly interested in po- 
 mology. He was of high authority in the science of raising fruit and m 
 the nomenclature rjf fruits. He wasalifcmember of the United States 
 Pomological Society, and a leading member of the NewdDurgh Bay 
 Horticultural Society. AVhen the latter was merged into the Orange 
 Conntv Agricultural Society he made the fruit department of the 
 
 two hundred distinct varieties of ajililes. 
 
 Mr. Clark was not only deeply learneil in fruit-life, but was well 
 read in general literature, and he possessed a great store of practical 
 knowledge. He was eminently a man who did his own thinking 
 and lormcd his own o|jinioiis after careful and intelligent investiga- 
 tion. Personally he \vas a most estimable gentleman, kind and con- 
 siderate, and attracted many friends. His wife was Ruth Ann Clark 
 (not a relative), of Newburgh, and his surviving children are Leander 
 Clark, jr., Kuth Ann, .Mrs. Elizabetli Upright, and Mrs. Albert 
 Coutant, of Chicago. 
 
 LEANDER CLARK, JR., was born in Beattiesburgh, SulUvan 
 County, N. V., but his home since he was six months old has been in 
 Newburgh. He was educated in the private and public schools, and 
 is a graduate of the class of 1853 of the Newburgh Academy. He 
 learned the trade of an iron-founder at his father's foundry, and when 
 he finished his trade he became the corresponding secretary and book- 
 keeper for Dr. C. W. Grant, an eminent horticulturist at lona Is- 
 land. 
 
 He remained at the island till the breaking out of the Rebellion. In 
 i.Sfji he received an appointment as paymaster's steward on board the 
 United States gunboat Somerset, which left the Brooklyn navy-yard 
 
 LEANDER CLARK, JR 
 
 in March of the same year and served in the East Gulf Squadron un- 
 der Rear .\dniiral Bailey. In 1S62 he was promoted to pavmaster's 
 clerk, and in .\ugust, i,S&4, was honorably thseharged from the ser- 
 vice. During tile years 1867-6S and till the Spring of iSfig, he was 
 Superintendent of the Newburgh water works, resigning at that time 
 to engage in the manufacture of brick and in fruit-growing in the 
 Town (.f Newburgh, until i.SSS. 
 
 Mr. Clark, since iSqs, has taken great interest in horticulture and 
 agriculture. He was a member of the Newburgh l',a\- I l.)rtieultural 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 20^ 
 
 Society until it became a part of the Orange County Agricultural So- 
 ciety, at which time he became associated with the latter, and no one 
 has been a more earnest worker for the good of the association l"or 
 a number of years he has been a Director and its efficient General 
 
 RESlDEr;CE OF LEAtJDER CLARK, JR. 287 Liberty Street. 
 
 Superintendent, and in all matters appertaining to horticulture and 
 agriculture he is familiar, having for his instructor for man\- years the 
 late Charles Downing. In iSS8 .Mr. Clark became a resident of this 
 city a.gain, havingretired from active business. lie occupies liis time 
 looking after his real estate, of which he is a large owner. He is also 
 a Director of the Quassaick National Bank. 
 
 EZRA I. HUNTER has been a pilot of steamboats forty-seven 
 years, and more trusty hands than his never turned a steering- 
 wheel. His birthplace was Vorktown, Westchester County, X. V., 
 and the time June 24, 182^1. When a very small lad the ambition to 
 steer a steambfiat possessed him. and when only twelve years old he 
 left home and shipped as a cabin-boy <,n a North River slo.,p. In this 
 good school of navigation he learned the intricacies of the nvcr. how- 
 to reef and steer, and all the technicalities of boating. In Wniler 
 when the sloop was laid up he worked in shops. In 1S43 he was Inr- 
 ed as mate on the steamer Croton, running between Croton and New 
 York, and the fr.Uowing year he was in the pilot-house, duly commis- 
 sioned to steer a steamboat. For a number of years he was pdot on 
 vessels around New York harbor; in 1848-49 hi^ ^^'-^^ captain of the 
 steamer Stranger, in the employ of the Commissioners of Immigration 
 and Alms House, running between the city and Staten, Randall's and 
 Blaekwell's Islands, transporting paupers, criminals and immigrants, 
 and seeing a great deal of the miseries of New York life. In i^^so he 
 came up the river and piloted the steamer Mazeppa, then runnnig 
 between Rondout and Albany. In 1S51 the route was extended to 
 Poughkeepsie. In 1S55 the .Mazeppa was replaced by the Eagle. In 
 
 EZRA I HUNTER, 
 
 1859 the route was extended to Newburgh, and has liecn continued 
 between Albany and Ncwl)iirgh ever since. .Mr. Hunter steered the 
 Eagle for thirteen 
 years, then he was 
 transferred to the 
 steamer M. Martin. 
 He steered the 
 Martin seventeen 
 years till the Eagle 
 was burned. Then 
 the Jacob Il.Trem- 
 per was built, in 
 18S4, and .Mr. Hun- 
 ter was entrusted 
 with the naviga- 
 tion <jf the new 
 boat. Tor thirty 
 years he and Cap- 
 tain Henry Fair- 
 banks and Engi- 
 neer William H. 
 Kerry saileil to- 
 getlier in the liaglu 
 and Martin, and 
 cjn thirty successive 
 Thanksgiving 
 Days they ate din- 
 ner together on the 
 boats. In all the 
 years that he has 
 stood at the wheel, 
 Captain Hunter 
 
 has never luid a mishap to his boats. His home has been in .Newburgh 
 since 1-551^. .Sinee rs6i) he has l)een a Steward of Trinity M. E. Church. 
 Dn August 16, 1S4S, he was married to Miss Amanda Theall, of 
 New York. 
 
 NATHAN H. RICHARDSON was b..rn in Litchfield, N. H., 
 November 2, 1816, and since his thirtieth year has spent most of his 
 business life in rail- 
 roading. He lived 
 on the hr)mestead 
 farm until about 
 the time the Con- 
 cord Railroad \vas 
 opened from Man- 
 chester to Coneord, 
 N . II., when h e 
 went to Manches- 
 ter, in the employ 
 o f the C o n e o r d 
 Railroad Company. 
 He remained in 
 Jlanchester about 
 three years, leav- 
 ing there to go to 
 Ijoston in the ser- 
 vice of the lioston 
 and Eowell Rail- 
 road Company, in 
 whose employ Ik 
 continued abou I 
 twenty years. Mr, 
 Richardson c a in c 
 to Newburgh i n 
 1867, and was en- 
 gaged by the Erie 
 Railroad Comjiany 
 
 as their agent in this city, which position he held continuously for 
 about fifteen years, except an interval of nearly tw(.i years, when he 
 
 NATHAN H 
 
 PHOTO, 
 
 RICHARDSON. 
 
2 04 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 was Master of Transpcirtaticm (.n the Dutchess and Ccilumbia Rail- 
 road. He left the employ of IIk ICrie Raih'oad Company to take the 
 local agency of tlie United States Express Company, wIuto he le- 
 mained about live years — until the company diseontimied its Xew- 
 burgh office. Since that time he has m.t been actively engageil in 
 lousiness, although he has an inlerest in the Weston Transfer Com- 
 pany, and tills therein the duties cil' Tnasuiii-. Mi-, Riehardsnu lias 
 been twice married. His Inst wife was Ann .Mari,i Parker, "f Ik-d- 
 ford, X, 11., 1>\- w'lmm lie had three daughters, all of whoiu are 
 deceased. His seeuud wile was Mrs. Mary Ann Ayer, "f W'ohurn, 
 Mass,, who is living. He has never held public utVice, although he 
 takes an interest in all that pertains to the welfare and advancement 
 of XewdHU"gh. 
 
 CHARLES H. DOUGHTY was bi.rn in llie Town ..f iMshkill, of 
 Quaker descent, in i^nj. He is a descendant of one of the nine partners 
 who owned a large tract of land on which the village of Poughkeepsie 
 was built. At the age of fifteen he came to Newburgh and was appren- 
 ticed to the firm of Phillips, Lomas & Randall to learn the tinsmith 
 trade. In 1S40, having served his time, he returned to Fishkill-ou- 
 Hudson. and started a tinware and stove business, wliieli lie con- 
 tinued three years. 
 
 In IS44 Mr. Doughty came to Newburgh and forme<l a partner- 
 ship with John Gordon (John Gord<in & Co.) at No. 112 Water Street. 
 The manufacturing of tinware was then a very important industry 
 m Newdiurgh. Nearly all the work was done by hand. The firm 
 soon after engaged in the California business. Mr. Gordon went 
 there and opened a branch house, and stoves, tinware, etc., were 
 shipped to him from Newburgh in large quantities, sometimes twenty 
 thousand dollars' worth m a single shipment. Many bushels of min- 
 
 CHARLES H, DOUGHTY 
 
 ers' washing-pans were made in a single day, and great numbers of 
 condensed-milk cans for a local condensery. The partnershi]) con- 
 tinued twelve years, and was dissolved, Mr. Doughty taking the 
 Newburgh end and Mr. Gordon the California end of the business. 
 Mr. Doughty has continued at the old stand ever since, and car- 
 
 ries on a large business. In 1S55 he was a mcmlier of the Board of 
 \'illage Trustees, and he is now a member of the Board of Health. 
 Ho w^is for sixteen years secretar\- of the Boarr! of Trustees of Trin- 
 il\- M. ]•■.. ('liiu-ch. He was one of lilteeii who were lirst initiated 
 into ( )dil fellowship ill Newburgh; that was on the opening night of 
 Highland Lodge, lie was one of the charter members of Evergreen 
 Loilge, of Fishkill. He ipiiekly went through the chairs, and was 
 a]i])ointed Deputy Degree .Master for the district. He was made a 
 Mason twentj'-livc years ago in Newburgh Lfidge. 
 
 JOHN GALT was born at New Haven, Ct., Dct.jber 28, 1S39. He 
 lived in Poughkeepsie from 1846 to 1S57, when he came to Newburgh 
 and was apprenticed to John R. Wiltsic to learn the trade of harness- 
 
 JOHN GALT. 
 
 making. He served with Mr. Wiltsic till he was 21, and then, giving 
 up harness-making, went to learn the slating trade. In iSfn he 
 iKiught out W. j. Roberts and went into business for himself in New- 
 burgh. liarly 111 his business career Mr, Gait exhibited that rare 
 business sagaeit\- which has ever since characterized him; his trade in- 
 creased rapidly and extended through a large section of the country. 
 In 1S64 he was the first to begin naming the price of slate at any rail- 
 road station in the country, and contracted for two-thirds of all the 
 slate produced in the United Stales. Having previously opened a 
 l>ranch in Poughkeepsie, in 1S64 he established a branch in New 
 ^■ork City and another in Buffalo at the same time. Since 1S66 New- 
 York has been his principal headipiarters; the Buffalo branch was 
 continued till 1S75. In iso; Mr. Gait was also President of the New 
 York and Pennsylvania P.luestone Company. In iS'jo a branch 
 use waso]iened at Seattle, Washington, under the management of 
 his sons, Clarence II. and J. Randolph Gait. Jlr. Gait handles about 
 one-third (jf all the slate used in the United States, and exports to 
 Australia, the West Indies and South AlYica. From 1.S76 to iSSohe 
 made large exports to England, notwithstanding that it seemed Hke 
 ■■sending coal to Newcastle." Mr. Gait has always continued his 
 
 h 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 Z^^^^^ftT'^'T^ ""T^T^ '""■"'"" •" '"'"'•'>■ '"^'^"''- ^'- -- -- "f ''- f-t-t sloops on , 
 .tieet .hKh he buUt m .s,.,. He has h.ng been a„ ethe.ent n^emher Rivers. ( .n July 2S. .,S;., he started fur Port 
 
 205 
 
 the North and East 
 Richmond, Staten 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JOHN GALT— 279 Liberty Street. 
 
 of Union Church, and since rSyi a 
 Trustee. He married Eveline Rob- 
 erts at Bethel, Pa., and has four 
 sons and three daughters. 
 
 CAPTAIN AMBROSE S. 
 BRADLEY was born in New York 
 City. November 19, 1.S31, the family 
 removing to Middlehope, Orange 
 County, when he was three years 
 of age, and in 1.S3S they moved to 
 Newburgh. His opportunities for 
 receiving an education were very 
 limited; therefore when he left 
 school, as a pupil, a common-school 
 education was all he had acquired. 
 Thrown upon his own resources at 
 the early age of eleven years, he en- 
 gaged on the sloop Arsenal. In 1.S42 
 and 1843 he was with Captain HuUis 
 on the sloop Orbit, then running 
 from Newburgh to Albany. A year 
 later he went with Captain Charles 
 June on the sloop Pilot. In the 
 Spring of 1847 he was engaged as 
 mate on the sloop Benjamin Frank- 
 lin, owned by Armstrong Brothers, 
 of New Haven, Conn., and running 
 from that place to Albany. In 1.S49 
 was captain on the sloop Anna Maria, 
 owned by .Silas D. (iardner, of Mid- 
 
 CAPTAIN AMBROSE S. BRADLEY. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF CAPTAIN AMBROSE S. BRADLEY-93 Grand Street. 
 
 Island, to purchase the schooner 
 Nathan Barrett, and was f>ne of the 
 many passengers abdard the ill- 
 fated steamer Henry Clay when she 
 burned at Riverdale. Tile sajiie 
 year he leased the Charlton Street 
 pier at New York, and began sell- 
 ing brick, furnishing the brick for 
 the wings of the Capitol at Washing- 
 ton, I). C. In 1.S55, having an op- 
 portunity to sell his lease, he did so 
 and came to Newburgh and estab- 
 lished a freighting business between 
 Newburgh, Albany and Troy. In 
 1S71 he took as partner Joseph C. 
 IrN-in, and the iirni \\'as kn^iwii as 
 Bradley & Irvin until 1S74, when 
 Jeremiah Horton was made a nicni- 
 ber, but after one year the lirm dis- 
 solved. Walter Brett, of Fishkill 
 Landing, joined with Captain Brad- 
 ley and they contiiiueil the business 
 for three years, at the same place, 
 Fnmt Street near Fifth. Since then 
 Captain Bradley has been m the 
 towing l)usiiicss, about New York 
 Harbor. He was married .Septem- 
 ber lO, iSsS, to Knima Turner, 
 daughter I if I )iah Turner, of Saug- 
 ertics, Ulster County, and has four 
 children, two sons and two 
 daughters. 
 
 PHOTO. By MAPEt. 
 
206 
 
 NEWBUKGH 
 
 MAJOR JAMES CLARENCE POST, U. S. A., s'.n of Allrid 
 Pi'sl, \va> Ihiiii 111 XiH luii;<li. In i^i.i lie was ;i|i])( mikil ;i cailul at 
 West Point by the Hon. I,'. II. \'an \\\ck, altL-rwards I'liiltil Status 
 Senator from Nebraska, who al lliis time reinvseiiled in (.'■■n.i;ress tile 
 distriet whieli inehided i l|-aii.i.;e Couiily. After ^Tudnalion in is(,5, 
 Major I'ost was assi.^ned to tlie Corps of iMig-ineers, l'. S. A., and 
 has sinee remained eonneeled willi that liraiieh of tile serviee, passinj; 
 throni;li all the i;rades to his present rank. 
 
 He has fn Mil time to time oeeupied numenius positions of trust and 
 responsihilitv in various portions of theeountry, some of wdiieh includ- 
 ed the reeonstruetioii of the fortilieatioiis and the improvement of har- 
 bors and rivers on tile South Atlantie eoast, notalily at Charleston, S. 
 C, and Savannah, (Sa. Also the improvement of rivers and the eon- 
 sideration of canal projects in the West. 
 
 About two vears a,i;-o he was sent abroa<1 by the (lovernmeiit as a 
 member of a special commission to make a study of and report upon 
 certain engineering" works in l^iii;laiid and I'rance which contain cer- 
 tain principles it was thought niiv;ht be ailvaiUa:,^'eously applieil to 
 some of uur own public works. When this duty \\as completed he 
 
 practicin;^ physician, who, during- the Rebellion, raised two com- 
 >anies of I'nion soldiers and went l.i the war as captain of one of 
 
 MAJOR JAMES CLARENCE POST. 
 
 was retained as military attache to the United .States Legation in 
 London, where he is at present engaged in studying the inilitary sys- 
 tem of England and the manufacture of military stores. 
 
 DR. L. S. STRAW IS a n.ativc of Iloiikinton, Xew Ilampshii-e. 
 He commenced his professional life with his father at Hang(jr, Maine, 
 in 1841. In 1849 he went to California, remaining five years, and then 
 returning to Ban.gor. In is;7 he came to Xewdiurgh, joining in a 
 limited partnershij) with Dr. William A. Royce for live years, since 
 which time he has been attending to his friends professionally on the 
 corner of Water and Second Streets. He has always taken a great 
 interest in everything pertaining to the welfare of his profession, and 
 was three times elected President of the New York .State Dental So- 
 ciety. 
 
 The Straw family was an old one in New Hampshire. Dr Straw's 
 paternal grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution. His father was 
 
 '/^j-zla 
 
 DR, L, S. STRAW. 
 
 ;ned the captaincy to discharge the duties 
 ing years of his life were passed in Xew- 
 
 them. He subsequently res 
 of army surgeon. The eh 
 burgh. 
 
 1 )r. L. S. Straw fills a prominent place in the social life of the 
 eitv, and is a gentleman of varied accomplishments. He has passed 
 through all the Masonic orders in Newburgh, was Master of New- 
 burgh Lodge for three years, and District Deputy Cirand blaster 
 two vears. lie is a Director of the Newburgh City Club. He married 
 ill is(i_i. \\ ith Mary Phalen, neice of Dr. A. B. Harvey, of Poughkeep- 
 sie. and has one diuighter. 
 
 LEANDER CLARK is a brother of the late Edsou H. Clark, and 
 was born at rdoomingburgh, Sullivan County, N. V.. May 13, 1S28. 
 His iiarents were Lucas and Phila Clark, of East Hampton, Mass, 
 (In his jiaternal side he traces his anccstrv back to the Pilgrims; 
 Abram Clark, i>ne of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, 
 was his great-uncle. When Leander was two months olil his father 
 died, and at the age of seven he was committed to the care of rela- 
 tives at East Hampton to work on a farm. After two years he re- 
 turned to Sullivan Conntv and was a tow-bov on the Delaware & 
 Hudson Canal for one season. In 1.S30 he came to Newburgh and 
 worked for William Scott, a caliinet maker in Colden Street, remain- 
 ing with him two years. In LS41 he went to Buffalo and learned the 
 trade of eabiiict and piano forte making. In 1S47 he went to Warren, 
 Pa., and worked at his trade, and also rafting and running 
 lumber to Pittsburgh and down the ( )hio River. The following vear, 
 wdien he was twenty years old, he married Mar\- |. ( )lncv, a daugh- 
 ter of Stei)lien and Nancy (")lney, of Warren, Pa., whose jirogenitors 
 came to America in if.3;,, Cajitain Clark returned to Newburgh in 1,^50, 
 and worked in Peter Stanbrough's jiiano factory at the junction of 
 Colden and Water Streets. In rSji he was ajijiointcd Newburgh's 
 first police officer, and the only one in the village, lie coutiil- 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 207 
 
 ued in that office till August, 1S62, when, with the assistance of John 
 
 Stanbrough and Isaac JIartin, he raised Company I of the 124th 
 
 Regiment, New York Volunteers, 
 
 and went to the front as its captain. 
 
 In October of the same year he was 
 
 appointed Provost JIarshal of ^^■hip- 
 
 ple's division of the Third Arnn- 
 
 Corps, and served in that capacity 
 
 until a few days before the battle 
 
 of Fredericksburgh. He was with 
 
 the regiment in that battle and at 
 
 Chancellorsville, and was discharged 
 
 from the service on the surgeon's 
 
 certificate of disability Jlaj- 13, 1S63. 
 
 On his return to Newburgh he 
 
 bought the livery busmess of James 
 
 Roe in the rear of the Orange Hotel. 
 
 In February, 1S65, he engaged with 
 
 Edwin Thorne, who had recentlv 
 
 retired from business in New York 
 
 with a large fortune, and desired to 
 
 establish a stud farm. Acting as his 
 
 agent Captain Clark purchased the 
 
 fine farm of 16S acres in the western 
 
 part of the city, hnng between the 
 
 South Plank Road and the Turn- 
 pike, paying Si6,ooo therefor. They 
 
 erected extensive buildings and went 
 
 into the business of raising trotting 
 
 horses on a large scale. JIany fa- 
 mous horses were raised there, and 
 
 the farm acquired a national reputa- 
 
 tifjn. Captain Clark was the sujjcr- 
 
 intendent, and handled the reins 
 
 over such horses as Hamlet, Thorn- 
 dale, Marksman, Edwin Thorne, Wild Oats, Daisy Dale and Enigma. 
 
 When the farm was sold and the stock removed to Dutchess County, 
 
 Captain Clark went 
 there with Mr. 
 Thorne a n d r e- 
 mained for si.x 
 months till the es- 
 tablishment was in 
 good running or- 
 der. He then re- 
 signed the position. 
 Returning to Xew- 
 burgh he built the 
 large livery stable 
 on the corner of 
 Chambers and 
 Campbell Streets, 
 and has continued 
 in the ]> usi ne ss 
 ever since, except 
 for a few years 
 when he lived on 
 his fruit farm at 
 Mi(lfllchoi,e. In 
 1.S.S3 he liuilt his 
 I^resunt estalilish- 
 nienl at Xcjs. 05, 
 67 and (:i) Clianibers 
 Street. Cajitain 
 Clark is considered 
 one of the foremost 
 horsemen of 
 
 Orange County, and an important part of his business is break- 
 ing and training young trotters. He was once the owner of 
 
 Mountain Boy. Captain Clark's political relations are with the Re- 
 
 publican party. Before its organization he was an old line Whig, and 
 afterwards voted the Native American ticket during the short exist- 
 ence of that i^arty. For four years 
 he represented the Second Ward 
 in the Common Council, and was 
 President of the Council during his 
 last year in the Board. He is a 
 member of Ellis Post, G. A. R., and 
 a Past Commander. He was one of 
 the organizers of the Veterans' 
 Rights Union in 1S.S2. Me also 
 Iiolds a membership in the Third 
 Corps Union. He is one oi the old- 
 est I'ree Masons in the city, having 
 been initiated in Newburgh Lodge 
 in 1S57, with which, and with High- 
 land Chapter, he still holds connec- 
 tion. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF DR L S. STRAW-197 Grand Stre 
 
 LEANDER CLARK. 
 
 WILLIAM L. THEALL was 
 
 born ni 1S43 in Newburgh, in the 
 old I'owelton-farm house. His par- 
 ents came here in 1S35 from West- 
 chester County, where their ances- 
 tiirs had li^ng resided. His mother 
 was a Dean, and a relative of the 
 celebrated Judge Dean. His father, 
 Thomas C, who was a carman, was 
 accidentally killed when William 
 was only two years old. He was 
 driving through Water Street, when 
 a wheel of his vehicle struck an ob- 
 struction in the roadway, and Mr, 
 Theall was thrown out headlong 
 upon the ])avement and his neck 
 
 broken. The widow was left with the care of six children, one of 
 
 wh. .m was younger than William L. The older children went to work 
 
 in the cotton fac- 
 tory and contribut- 
 ed to the support 
 
 (if the family, and 
 
 when William was 
 
 only seven or eight 
 
 years old hisninth- 
 
 er was likewise 
 
 obligeil to send 
 
 him to work in the 
 
 factory. The little 
 
 f e 1 1 i-i w worked 
 
 there manfully for 
 
 several years, each 
 
 d a y commencing 
 
 his lalx)r at five 
 
 o'clock in the 
 
 mi>rning. II is 
 
 mother married 
 
 John Sneedin 1S55, 
 
 and the boy was 
 
 then given an op- 
 portunity of acquir- 
 ing an education. 
 
 lie attcndeil the 
 
 ( lle1>e scIkjoI lor a 
 
 sliort time and 
 
 afterwards the 
 
 Academy, ol whicli 
 
 William N. Reid 
 
 was then I'rinci])al. After working in Robert Lawson's grocery store 
 
 (at No. 42 Water Street) for a year, he entered the employ of Jnhn 
 
 W. Boyd to learn the trade of a carpenter. lu>v one year he 
 
 WILLIAM L. THEALL. 
 
208 
 
 NEWBUKGH 
 
 worked for forty-nine cents a day, and then asked his eniplover 
 for seventy-tive eents a dav for tlie seeoiid year. The i-e(|\iesl 
 being refused, he took the few tools lie nwned, went tc. i'lsli- 
 kill Landing and engaged with a earpenler named \\'iIeox. I lis new 
 eniphiyer was pleased with his w irknianslii]i, and after Mr. Theall 
 had worked for him only two weeks .gave liini the full wages of a 
 journeyman, then fourteen shillings per dav. He worked there till iSlu , 
 when he enlisted in Com]iany B of the Third New York V'olunteers, 
 whieh had left Xewhurgh the previous vear. and served till discharged 
 at the close of the war. July. imij. He was one of five brothers who 
 fought in the war. one being on the Coiifcilerate side. This brother 
 was living in Savannah, da,, when the war broke out, and it is an in- 
 teresting fact that when, in i.S(i2, Norfolk, \'a., was taken l)v the 
 Union forces, this brother retreateil from the fortitieations with the 
 rebel column, and two of his brothers, William L. and Joseph I)., en- 
 tered with the victorious Union soldiers. For ten vears following the 
 war Mr. Theall worked at his trade for William Hilti>n, and in 1.S76, com- 
 menced business for himself as a buihler. He has erected altogether 
 thirty-seven dwellings, most of them for himself as speculations. He 
 has been prominent in the real estate operations on Washington 
 Heights, where he has thus far erected eleven substantial dwellings, 
 all on his own account. In 1S69 he married Miss I^oretta Purdy, 
 daughter of John S. Purdy, of Balmville, and has had eleven children, 
 seven of whom are now living. 
 
 BEVERLY K. JOHNSTON was born in Shawangunk, Ulster 
 County, June 21, 1S18. The family was identified with the early set- 
 tlement and pioneer life of that section, both his father and grand- 
 
 BEVERLY K JOHNSTON 
 
 father being residents of the locality. His earl)- life was jjas.sed in 
 his native town. He engaged in various kinds of business during his 
 minority, and on March 15, 1840, he earae to the Town of Newburgh 
 and entered the employ of John E. Goetchius in the hotel business at 
 East Coldenham. He remained there four years, then accompanied 
 Mr. (bietehius to Montgomery for one year; but, returning, leased the 
 
 property at ICast Coldenham and coinmeneed keeping hotel on his 
 own accoiiiil. In J.S47 he became the owner of the jjlace, and to the 
 time of his death, August 18, I8<ji, remained at the head of the es- 
 tablishment. For nearly fifty years " Bev. Johnston's" has been 
 known far and wide as a well-appointed, well-regulated and well- 
 kept hostcliN , and is a popular place of resort Summer and Winter. 
 While Mr. J<ihnston confined himself closely to his business, his affa- 
 l)le manners, strict integrity, and generous hospitality made him one 
 of the most ]iopular men in his section, and recommended him for ap- 
 jxiintraent to several positions of honor and trust. He was formerly 
 
 JOSEPH VAN CLEFT. 
 
 an old line Whig, but afterwards became a Democrat, and was post- 
 master at East Coldenham under all administrations and with brief 
 exceptions from i,s45 till his death. He was one of the commission- 
 ers for appraising the land damages caused by building the Short 
 Cut Railway, and for laying out the Boulevard in the Town of Corn- 
 wall. He was the candidate of the Democratic party for Sheriff in 
 I S70, but was defeated by a small majority. For the past thirty years 
 he was one of the Directors of the Newburgh and Cochecton Turn- 
 jiike Company, and for many years President of the Newburgh and 
 Xew Winds.a- Horse Thief Detecting Society. He married, in 1S46, 
 i;ivira S., daughter of Alc.Nander "\V. and Elizabeth (Moore) Beatty, 
 ol New Windsor, an old family in Orange County, and had two sons 
 and IK,, daughters: William J., Jlrs. William Patton and Mrs. James 
 S. Burnett, and John A. J.ihnston, who died a few weeks before his 
 fatlier. 
 
 "hsss 
 
 JOSEPH VAN CLEFT was born in the Town of New Windsor, 
 near Bethlehem Church, in 1,836. The Van Cleft family were eariy 
 settlers in the Minisink Valley. His mother was a member of the 
 C..<.pei faiiiil\' of Blooming (irove. He remained on his father's 
 lanii until i.Sjc, when he entered the employ (.f a hardware merchant 
 at Middletowii, From 1S55 to i860 he was employed in the hardware 
 trade in Xew York City, and for the two yt 
 the same business in Kansas City, i\lo. 
 
 In 1S01 Mr. \'an Cleft birmed a partnership with J. C, S. Harden- 
 burgh 111 the hardware and agricultural implement business at No. 
 
 ipj 
 years following he pursued 
 
N E W B IJ R G H . 
 
 209 
 
 gg Water Street, Xewburgh, and three years later purchased Mr. 
 Hardenburgh's interest. A few years later he purchased and re- 
 moved to the large building No. 102 Water Street, and subsequently 
 purchased the two large buildings in the rear, Nos. 73, 75, 77 and 711 
 Front Street. The Water Street building is connected with the Front 
 Street building by a covered passage under the West Shore Railroad, 
 Mr. Van Cleft occupied these extensive premises until i.SSS, when he 
 leased them to the New York Furniture Company, who at once 
 erected a large and handsome brick store on the Water Street side, 
 in place of the old frame building. Mr. Van Cleft then moved to his 
 present large warehouse at Xo. 70 Broadway, since which time his 
 brother, Lewis A., has become a partner in the business. 
 
 Mr. Van Cleft has a wide acquaintance throughout ( )range and 
 adjoining counties, through which his trade extends. He has long 
 been one of the most valuable members of the Orange County Agri- 
 cultural Soeietv. He is a member of the board of directors, and for 
 a number of vears has been superintendent of the mechanical de- 
 partment at the annual fairs. For a short time he filled by appoint- 
 ment a vacancy in the Common Council, the only public, political or 
 municipal ofBce he has ever held. He was one of the original mem- 
 bers of the Board of Trade, and for a number of years he was a 
 member of the consistory of the American Reformed Church. 
 
 Mr. Van Cleft married, in 1869, Edwma Storey Smith, youngest 
 daughter of (.). M. Smith, of Xewburgh, and granddaughter of Judge 
 Storey. She died in April, 1S91. leaving the following children: Jose- 
 phine Storev. Edwin L.. Augusta M., Alberta and Barela\-, 
 
 JEREMIAH D. MABIE was born at Piermont, Rockland County, 
 X. v.. in i>4o, and moved to Ithaca. X. Y., in 1854. He came to 
 Xewburgh in iSjg, and was an apprentice to John Corwin, in the 
 tinsmith trade. At the breaking out of the Rebellion he was a mem- 
 ber of the Parmen- 
 ter Rifles, a local 
 military organiza- 
 tion. It is said of 
 Mr. Mabie that on 
 the morning when 
 President Linecln's 
 first call for volun- 
 teers was publish- 
 ed he was at work 
 at his bench, witli 
 his hammer raised 
 to strike a rivet, 
 w li e n the I'rc'si- 
 de Ill's prcjclania- 
 tion was placed be- 
 fore him. He laid 
 down his hammer 
 without stri kin g 
 the rivet, put im 
 liis coat and start- 
 ed "lit, endeavor- 
 ing to get his mili- 
 tia company to vol- 
 unteer. Failing in 
 this, he aided 
 Stephen W. l-'uller- 
 ton to form Com- 
 ,,aiiy I! of the 
 Tliird Xew York 
 first company raised in Xewburgh for the war. 
 of the company, and afterward was 
 to first lieutenant (jf the 
 
 C.raiil at Colil Harbor in June, 1S64, and resigned in October of 
 that year. Returning to Xewburgh, he commenced business in the 
 stove and tinware trade. .Several years ago he succeeded John Lo- 
 mus, at Xo. 40 Water Street, who was in the same line for fifty 
 years. Mr. Mabie is one of the charter members of Ellis Post, 
 O. A. R., and was at one time its ecmimander. lie has always taken 
 an active part in pulilie affairs, but invariably declined political office. 
 
 jere:jiiah d, mabie. 
 
 Volunteers, the 
 He was the first sergeant 
 promoted to second lieutenant, and then 
 company; and for meritorirms service he was promoted to the cap- 
 taincy o'f Company F in the same regiment. Captain Mabie par- 
 ticipated in the siege of Charleston, and the attack on Drury s 
 BluiT He was on board the flagship Minnesota during the fight 
 between the Monitor and the Merrimac. He was wounded under 
 
 GEORGE MOSHIER has been a life-long resident of Xewburgh. 
 Ills ancestors lived in, or near, Newburgh many years before the 
 Revolution. Two were soldiers in the Continental army, one being 
 at the Xew Windsor cantonment at the disbandment. Mr. Moshier 
 was born in "Tantown" (North Water Street), April 19, 1S38. He 
 was very young when his father, whose name was Elijah, died. He 
 was put at work when a small lad, and had only one year's schooling. 
 The first money he earned purchased a membership in the Mechanics' 
 Librarv, and all his otherwise leisure hours were spent in acquiring 
 that which most boys (.f the present day have so freely given to 
 them — an education. 
 
 He commenced learning the trade of a carjienter in 185S, with 
 Little & Kelly, and served three and a half years. He worked on 
 all their large jobs, 
 notably on Trinity 
 Church from start 
 to finish. He stud- 
 ied m e e h a n i c a 1 
 drawing and archi- 
 tecture when op- 
 portunity afforded. 
 He went into the 
 building business 
 in 1800, and since 
 that time has erect- 
 ed about one hun- 
 dred and twenty- 
 five buildings, and 
 is one of the most 
 proniiiieiit men in 
 that traile. A> an 
 architect he has 
 made clrawings lor 
 nearl\- a thousand 
 buildings. 
 
 Mr. .Moshier 1- 
 a Rcjiuliliean, am 
 has rendered ,goof 
 service in behalf oi 
 the party. PIere|' 
 resented the I"ourtli 
 Ward for four 
 years in the Board 
 of Supervisors, am 
 preceding 1SS9 
 
 always adhering to the jirinciples of his party, he believes it 
 should take a more advanced |)ositioii on the temperance question. 
 A mcmlier of Trinity Chureli, he is also an earnest worker of the 
 Christian Mission in Water Street, and Assistant Superintendent of 
 the Sabbath school. Soon after Ringgold Hose Com]iany was or- 
 ■ ranizcil he became an active member and ser\-cd till 1.S75, and for a 
 period was Assistant Foreman of the Company. He was married in 
 iSf,2 with Miss Caroline Tiltou, of ,\tlaiilie Highlands, Monmouth 
 Countv, N. |., and their children are: Anna, who married William C. 
 J.jnes,'a mereluuit, of Lviin, Mass.; C.eorge, jr., and JSIabel. 
 
 GEORGE MOSHIER. 
 
 was Water Commissioner for the five years 
 serving as president of the Board in i8.s.s. While 
 
 ABRAHAM B. E. REMILLARD is the senior mcmlicr of the 
 firm of Remillard iV Co., which was established in May, iSqi. His 
 partners are Samuel V. Schoonmaker and Frank S. Weller. They 
 have a large dry goods house at No. So Water Street, corner of Third. 
 
2 lO 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 For many years previously Mr. Remillard conducted a photograph 
 gallery at No. S2 Water Street, and was very successful, being rated 
 
 high i n linantial 
 
 A. B E. REMILLARD 
 
 union there were live children, viz.: Frank P 
 B., Lillian E. and Oraee E. The two sons 
 second wife is .Malvina Lamontagne. formerlv of Quebec 
 
 circles. He owns 
 the valuable busi- 
 ness buildings Nos. 
 S(i anil ,S2 Water 
 Street, and his resi- 
 de n ee. No. 2 S I 
 Crand Street. Mr. 
 I\ e mill a r d w a s 
 l)orn at UueV)Cc, 
 May I.I, 1S36. He 
 reeei\'ed an aca- 
 demic education, 
 and his lirst em- 
 ployment was with 
 a dry goods firm in 
 his native place. 
 He has resided in 
 Xewbnrgh since 
 he w a s nineteen 
 years of age, with 
 the exception of 
 two 3-ears when he 
 had a branch busi- 
 ness in Q u e b e c. 
 Mr. Remillard mar- 
 ried, first, Lenora 
 Wevgant. of Xew- 
 bnrgh, who died in 
 1^73, b\- \\- li i ch 
 , Minnie M., Thomas 
 are now dead. His 
 
 J DeWITT WALSH is a grandson of Hugh Walsh, who emi- 
 grated from the north of Ireland in 1764, and settled at Philadelphia. 
 He subsequently removed to Xew York, where he married, in 1775, 
 
 Catherine Armstrong. Dur- 
 ing the closing years of the 
 Revolution it is presumed 
 that he was engaged in fur- 
 nishing supplies to the Amer- 
 ican army in this vicinity. 
 On one of his visits here 
 (February 22, 17S2) he pui^- 
 chased from Benjamin 
 vSmith one-half of the block 
 bounded by the river, north 
 by Fourth Street and west 
 by Smith Street, for which 
 he paid $130. He did not 
 take up his residence here 
 till 1790, wlicn he purchased 
 froiii (governor Cicorgc Clin- 
 ton a large tract of land on 
 the south side of Ouassaick 
 Creek, ineluding the water 
 front on the Hudson. In 
 1791 he purchased the north- 
 east corner of Water and 
 Third Streets, with lands 
 under water, on which he 
 built a dock and storehouse 
 for a general merchandise and forwarding business. He ran sloops 
 between Newburgh, New York and Albany. In 1702 he and James 
 Craig built on the Quassaick Creek the paper mill which remained 
 in the family till recently. Mr. Walsh was engaged in several other 
 
 J. OE WITT WALSH. 
 
 business enterprises also. He retired from active business about 
 i,Si)4, and the closing years ol his life were jjassed at his residence, 
 No. 1)11 Western Avenue. He died in 1817, aged 71. His son, John 
 H.,iiihentcd the mill property, married Elizabeth, daughter of John 
 DeWitt, formerlv of Dutchess County, and died in 1.^53, leaving 
 seven children. 
 
 ]. DeWitt Walsh is the son of John H., and was born in the dwell- 
 ing in which he has always lived in Xew Windsor. After working as 
 a clerk in Newburgh for some two years, he entered the paper mill of 
 his father in October, 1.S33, and continued in the business till 1880. 
 Mr. Walsh never married, but he lias a happy home-life with his 
 bachelor-brother, the Rev. William, and an unmarried sister. 
 
 In 1835 the mill-owners on the Quassaick purchased the farm at 
 the outlet of Orange Lake, and thereby gained the undisputed right 
 to deeiien tlic outlet for the benefit of the owners of the mills on the 
 stream. About 1S4S Mr. Walsh was appointed by the mill-owners a 
 committee to take charge of the farm and of the works at the pond, 
 wdiich he continued to do until i.SSS, when he resigned on account of 
 ill-health. 
 
 During the Rebellion Mr. Walsh was treasurer of the committee 
 of the Town of New Windsor for raising money to pay bounties to 
 volunteers. All the bounties were paid by him at his office. Bonds 
 to the amount of §20,000 were issued for that purpose, all of which 
 were negotiated and countersigned by him. Jlr. Walsh was elected 
 a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank June i, 1S63, was president 
 one year, and resigned in August, 1SS8. He was one of the organ- 
 izers of the National Bank of Newburgh in July, 1S64, and one of its 
 directors until January, 1S90, when he resigned. He was elected a 
 trustee of School District No. i in the Town of New Windsor in 
 October, 186(1, and continued to act as such with great satisfaction to 
 the people of the district until his resignation in August, 1S91. 
 
 S*iSS 
 
 GEORGE WELLER. although not a resident of this city, is 
 identilied with one of its most substantial institutions, being a direc- 
 
 GEORGE WELLER 
 
 tor of the National Hank of Newburgh, where he attends the weekly 
 meetings of the board with unusual regularity. Mr. Weller resides 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 2 I I 
 
 at Walden. He is a native of the Town of Montgomery, and was 
 born June i:, 1S02. He is a son of George and Mary (Dickerson) 
 "Weller. His early education was limited to that afforded by the or- 
 dinary common-school. His business career began as a clerk in tlic 
 general store of his uncle, William Hunter, Jr., in the Town of Jlont- 
 gomerv, «-hich position he relinquished to teach school for about one 
 year. In 1824., with Erwin Galatian, he opened a general store in the 
 Village of Walden on his own account, which business he continued 
 about twenty-five years, when he sold out and engaged in farming 
 for five or six years. Mr. Weller was elected a director of the Na- 
 tional Bank of Xewburgh in 1S79. In January, 1S71), he was elected 
 president of the Walden Savings Bank, which position he now fills. 
 Mr. Weller is a remarkably well-preserved man, and bears the respect 
 and high esteem of a wide acquaintance. He has been twice mar- 
 ried. His first wife was Elizabeth Galatian. by which union there 
 were three children, all of whom died in infancy; she died in October, 
 1840. His second wife was Adeline Crist, who died January 31, 1S91, 
 leaving two sons, George, Jr. and William C. 
 
 HON. AUGUSTUS DENNISTON is a son of Hon. Robert Den- 
 niston, who was born in the Town of Bloomin.g Grove and was for 
 many years in public life. He was Justice of the Peace and Super- 
 visor of the town, Mem.ber of Assembly and of the State Senate for 
 several terms, and Comptroller of the State in 1S60-61. 
 
 Augustus Denniston was born in the Town of Blooming Grove, 
 May 25, 1S42, educated at home, and was a clerk in the Comptroller's 
 office at Albany during his father's administration. In June, 1S62, 
 he was appointed by Governor Morgan, on the recommendation of 
 
 deep interest in agriculture. In 1876 he was elected First Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the Orange County Agricultural Society, and in 1879, upon 
 the deatli of the President, the Rev. L. L. Comfort, he was elected 
 President, which position he has ever since held, and has seen this 
 society, year after year, prosper and grow in public favor. Mr. Den- 
 niston is also Vice-President of the Highland National Bank of New- 
 
 yV-Xc. 
 
 HON. AUGUSTUS DENNISTON. 
 
 Colonel Ellis, to be Quartermaster of the 124th Regiment N. Y V. 
 In September he went with the regiment to the front. After a tew 
 months' service he was taken ill and spent several weeks m hospital 
 life His health was so greatly impaired that he resigned. 
 
 Mr Denniston was a member of the Assembly from this district 
 in 1S73-74. He was broughtup on a farm and has always taken a 
 
 DAVID A MORRISON 
 
 burgh, a director .>f the Xewburgh District Telegrupli Company, an 
 officer of Isaac NicoU Post, Cr. A. R., of Washingtonville, and presi- 
 dent of the Washingtonville Fanners' Creamery Association. He 
 lives on a large farm near Washingtonyille. and is a most useful man 
 in that town. He is a bachelor. 
 
 DAVID A. MORRISON is of Scotch, Irish and Dutch ancestry. 
 His paternal great-great-grandfather, Jolm Morrison, was born m 
 1700, emigrated from the north of Ireland prior to the Revolution, 
 and settled on what is now known as the Morrison homestead farm 
 in the Town of .Montgomery, Orange County; he died in 17S3. Ham- 
 ilton, the father of David A., inherited the homestead, and married 
 Maria Mould, daughter of lonatliaii Mould, of Montgomery, who was 
 a lineal descendant of Christoffel Mould, one of the earliest Dutch 
 settlers of the WallkiU Valley. He was one of tlie twelve who or- 
 ganized the Orange County Agricultural Society m 1S41, was its 
 President twice, Vice-President many years, and Corresponding Sec- 
 retary several times. 
 
 David A., one of a family of seven children, was born September 
 2„. 1830, at the homestead. He attended the cUstriet schools and the 
 M..ntgomery Acadeniv, and at the age of seventeen became a teacher. 
 He continued for a number of \cars to work on his father's farm in 
 Summer and teach school in Winter. He taught in the villages of 
 Walden and Mont,gomery , and in district schools in the Towns ol Mont- 
 gomery and Blooming Grove. In politics, originally a Whig, he joined 
 the Republican party at its organization in 1856, and was an active 
 supporter of the Union cause. During Grant's second term he be- 
 came identified with the Democratic party. 
 
212 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 In 1S67 he was elected School Commissioner for the First District 
 of Orange County; was again elected in iSSi, and now is serving his 
 fifth term, an event without a parallel in the State. He lias been the 
 Secretary of the Orange County AgricuUural Society for tliirty-three 
 years, and has attended every fair held by the society since its organ- 
 ization, lie IS one of the main-stays of the society, a painstalcing and 
 tireless worker, gentle yet firm, and a man of education and ability. 
 His long continuance in the ofiiee of commissioner and secretary is 
 sufficient evidence of his qualification therefor. He still resides on 
 the liomestead farm. He married Mary R. Lipsett, daughter of Rob- 
 ert Lipsctt, of JlontgonuTv. 
 
 JAMES HAMILTON has thu distinction of being the oldest 
 member of the Masonic fraternity in Newburgh, and, in a certain 
 sense, he is also the oldest fireman, llr became a member <if old 
 Hiram Lodge in 1S43. Peter F. Hunt was then the Master, and the 
 lodge room was m the Orange Hotel. In 1S53 lie wrote the petition 
 to the Grand Lodge for the formati(in of Xewburgh Lodge, and lie is 
 
 the oldest charter member 
 now living. He jircpared an 
 interesting sketch of his 
 recollections concerning the 
 formation of Newburgh 
 Lodge which was read at the 
 thirty - seventh anniversary 
 celebration in June, iSyo. 
 .Mr. Hamilton became a 
 menil>er of Xiagara Engine 
 Company, No. 5, at its or- 
 ganization in 1837, and con- 
 iiiiued a member till its dis- 
 limdment. He was born 
 October 15. i.Sio, and came 
 tri Xewburgh in 1.S30. As 
 cleik and proprietor he con- 
 ducted the grocery business 
 at Xo. (>S Water Street for 
 Iwenty-six years. In 1.859 be 
 was appointed Under-Sherilf 
 by Sheriff John Cowdrey. 
 Ilis wife (now deceased) was 
 Harriet Bontecou, a Hugue- 
 not descendant, of La Ro- 
 clielle, France. Out of a 
 family of eight children three are now li\-ing — a son and two 
 daughters, viz., Mrs, Charles F. Chapman and Mrs. Arthur Wilson, 
 of Xewburgh. and Ri^bert J. Hamilton, of Long Island City, 
 X. V. 
 
 The ancestry (jf Harriet bontecou has Ijeen traced back for forty 
 successive generations, extending through thirteen centuries; and 
 these data have been compiled and published l>y John K. Morris, of 
 Hartforrl, Conn. 
 
 JAMES HAMILTON 
 
 EPHRAIM BULLIS was born at Ballston Spa, Saratoga County, 
 X. ^^, October 13, 1S20. His parents moved to near Mechanieville, 
 and while living there he taught school several Winters, and subse- 
 quently attended the Stillwater Academy for four years, and was 
 graduated therefrom in r'-44. While living at Mechanieville he was 
 a member rjf Mott's Guards, of the 41st Regiment of the State militia. 
 and was both second lieutenant and captain of the company at 
 different periods. In 1845 he came to Newburgh and filled a clerk- 
 ship under the employ of his uncle. Captain W. A. Bullis, wlio 
 then ran a line of sloops between Newburgh and Albany and had 
 a dock and storehouse at the foot of Fourth Street. Mr. l-!ullis 
 remained there two years, when his uncle disposed of the business, 
 and shortly afterward the storehouse was destroyed by fire. He 
 then (in 1.S4.S) embarked 111 the lumber business on the same dock, 
 
 and became prominent in that line of trade, continuing therei 
 about i.S(j2. During the two succeeding years he resided on 
 in t h e T o w n o f 
 Montgomery, and 
 in I .S 6 5 move d 
 to Cornwall and 
 entered the coal 
 and lumber busi- 
 ness. While a res- 
 ident of Cornwall 
 he filled the office 
 of j us t ice of the 
 peace for .seven or 
 eight years, and 
 for two terms was 
 justice of the Court 
 of Sessions, Thom- 
 as George then be- 
 ing County Judge. 
 He returned to 
 Newburgh in 1876, 
 and has since been 
 e 11 g a g e d in t h e 
 wholesale lumber 
 trade. In 1S47 he 
 married Miss Eftie 
 Decker, daughter 
 .,f Jacob P. Deck- 
 er oi the Town 
 of M on tgomery, 
 and has two sons 
 and two daughters. For a number 
 the First Baptist Church of this city. 
 
 n until 
 a farm 
 
 EPHRAIM BULLIS, 
 
 ■f vears he was a trustee of 
 
 JOHN CORWIN. The Corwin family is one of the oldest m this 
 country, Matthias Corwin, its founder, having settled in Ipswich, 
 Mass., as early as 1034. John Corwin was born m the Town of Wall- 
 kill, August4, 1S2O. 
 lie r e m o \"e d i 11 
 1833 to Xewburgh, 
 a n d his f a t h c r 
 (John H.) formed 
 a partnership i 11 
 the iron and lirass 
 foundry at the cor- 
 ner of Grand Street 
 ami Broadway 
 with John W, 
 Wells. John learn- 
 ed the m ach inist 
 trade in his father's 
 machine shop. In 
 the year iSoo In- 
 changed his oecu- 
 paticm to that of 
 the stove and tin 
 business, purchas- 
 ing the stock of 
 Francis \V. Hunt, 
 at Xo. 130 Water 
 Street. In 1807 he 
 joined the firm of 
 Root iV Shaver 
 (Charles Ro.it and 
 John W. Shaver) in 
 the same business, 
 also sending ped- 
 dlers with tinware, etc. , aU through this and the surrounding counties 
 in this State, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. I luring the years succeed- 
 
 JOHN CORWIN 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 21 
 
 ing the War of the RebeUion the)- paid the largest internal revenue tax 
 as peddlers and dealers of any firm in this seelion, amounting to 
 several thousand dollars annually. After the retirement of John W. 
 Shaver from the firm Mr. Corwin continued with Mr. Root until the 
 year 1S78, when, having been appointed Deputy Collector of Internal 
 Revenue, he withdrew from the firm. His official career has been a 
 long one. Commencing as Inspector of Elections several years be- 
 fore Newburgh became a city, he continued in that office eighteen 
 years. From 1S64 to 1S72 inclusive, and again from 1S77 to iSSi he 
 was a member of the Board of Education. He was a member of the 
 first Board of Aldermen in 1S66, and again m 1SS5-S6. He was elected 
 Supervisor from the Second Ward ui 1S67, but served only a few 
 months on account of his removal into the Third Ward, where he has 
 since resided. In 1S70 he was appointed U. S. Gauger for this district, 
 and served till iSSi. He was appointed Deputy Collector of Internal 
 Revenue in 1S77, and resigned in 1S.S4. He immediately purchased 
 the furniture and auction business of R. Millspaugh & Co., and has 
 continued it up to the present time. Mr. Corwin has the distinction of 
 having conducted the largest auction sale on record, having in Novem- 
 ber, 1SS5, sold the West Shore Railroad for twenty-two milUon dollars. 
 He is one of the coroners of Orange County, having been elected in 
 November, 1885, and re-elected in 18SS. 
 
 CHARLES E. MOSCOW, one of our best known and popular 
 citizens, has deviaed hi-- life to the study and cultivation of music, 
 and has acquired wide reputation in his chosen profession. He is a 
 musician, not an instrumentalist, and as a composer he has exerted 
 a great influence in the profession. For eleven years he was a bands- 
 man at the United 
 States Military 
 Post at West Point, 
 where the music is 
 nf the highest or- 
 der, established 
 and conducted on 
 sound princi pies 
 a n d lixed law s. 
 This was a discip- 
 line and an educa- 
 tion that has color- 
 e d and given 
 direction to his 
 subsequent life, 
 w h i c h w e will 
 briefly outline. 
 
 .Mr. Moscow \\'as 
 born on the isth of 
 .\ugust, I .s 3 5, in 
 .\Iuchlberg, near 
 ( lotha, Saxony. He 
 came to America 
 in I .S4f ) , and to 
 Newburgh m the 
 Spring 11 f 1867, 
 since which time 
 he has been con- 
 stantly identified 
 with the musical 
 circles of this city and vicinity. l"or six years he was a mem- 
 ber of the firm of Fielding & Moscow, wholesale and retail 
 dealers in music and musical instruments; but it is as the re- 
 cognized leader of the profession that he is best known and will be 
 remembered. He had charge of the Nineteenth Regiment and Seven- 
 teenth Battahon Bands respectively until those military organizations 
 were disbanded. He was the leader of the Newburgh City Band for 
 many j'cars, for the success and perfection of which he was an inde- 
 fatigable worker. In such work his whole being is interested, and 
 his zeal and energy know no bounds. He organized the Academy of 
 Music Orchestra, of which he is director, and has furmshed tliu theatre 
 
 CHARLES e M0SC07/. 
 
 and opera music in this city for many years. In this capacity he has 
 had to serve a very fastidious and critical taste, and an intelligent 
 public whose conception of the art and science of music is unques- 
 tionably technical and exacting. But he has always given entire 
 satisfaction in this trying position. His selections, whether bright, 
 fantastic, emotive, ideal or diatonic, have invariably proved his won- 
 derful capacity as a performer and won unstinted praise. Professor 
 Moscow is a teacher of the violin, guitar, flute and cornet. 
 
 TILDEN H. WILSON was born in Delaware County, 0.,in 1.S46. 
 The family moved to Newburgh m 1S57, and Tilden attended Mr. 
 Cavan's private school and the public schools. In 1S62 he went into 
 the army, and when he returned engaged with Frank (ierard to learn 
 
 PHOTO, av ATKINSON. 
 
 TILDEN H, WILSON. 
 
 the mason trade. He served four years, and for two years following 
 worked at his trade in New York City. Returning to Newburgh he 
 formed a partnership with his brother, as masnns and l)uilders, that 
 has continued ever since. Their operations m real estate on then- own 
 account have been large, notably in South Miller Street, where most 
 of the houses, thirty or thirty-five in number, were erected for them- 
 selves. Tilden H. Wilson is also a man of influence in the councils 
 of the Democratic party, and has rendered efficient service m its be- 
 half. He was a member of the Board of Alms House Commissioners 
 in 1S83-S6, the first Inspector of Buildings, and has been one of the 
 Board of Water Commissioners since iSSo. He is a stockholder and 
 trustee of the Academy of Music, a member .)f Chapman Hose Com- 
 pany, of the Board of Trade, of Acme Lodge of Odd Fellows, and 
 has been through all the chairs in Newlmrgh Lodge of Free JIasons. 
 
 JONATHAN D. WILSON is a member of one of our leading 
 linns of masons and builders, which has in its career of twenty-one 
 years built a considerable number of the houses that constitute the 
 City of Newburgh. Mr. Wilson was bom m Ohio m 1S50, and came 
 to Newburgh with the other members of his famdy in 1S57. He 
 
214 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 IcciniL'd his trade with Franklin Gerard, and was a jonrncyman at the- 
 age of nineteen. He worked one year in New V(.rk, and then in 1870 
 formed a partnership witli liis lirother, Tilden H., in this city. They 
 have erected some of our nmst prominent bnildings, notably the 
 Academy of JIusic, School X(.. d. the Jewish Synagogue, Trinity 
 parsonage, and the vSchaelVr, 'I'urncr. Hales and Carson business 
 buildings, and many liandsimu' private ru^idt'iKcs. in all almut three 
 hundred buildings. Many nl' these they erected i.n Iheir own account; 
 South Jliller Street was almost entirely built uji liy tlicni. Mr. Wilson 
 is an important factor in the local Democratic p:irl\-, has represented 
 his district in numerous convcntliins, and was a member of the Board 
 
 supervision of their business on the west side of the river, which 
 duties he performeil in such a satisfactory manner as to secure the 
 approbation of his 
 superior officers. 
 About this time he 
 organi7.ed the sys- 
 tem of running ex- 
 c u rsi ons at low 
 rates over the New 
 Vork Central to 
 Saratoga .Springs, 
 Lake (jcorge, Mon- 
 treal a n d o t h e r 
 places, which lic- 
 came one of the 
 features of that 
 road, anfl caused 
 jMr. Weston to be 
 w ell k n o w n 
 
 t li r o u ghout this 
 ])ortion of the 
 State. 
 
 In i.>^3 he took 
 the contract for 
 carrying the U. S. 
 mads between this 
 city and the New 
 Vork Central and 
 Hudson River 
 Railroail station at 
 Fishkill-.m-Hud- 
 son. and added a 
 small express route 
 after to Matteawan, 
 
 JONATHAN 0, WILSON 
 
 of Assessors for six years. He is an Odd Fellow and a Free .Mason, 
 
 and was Master of Xewburgh Lodge, F. & A. .\I., iluring the years 
 
 1884 and 18S5. He married Kate A. Todd, of this city, in 1874, and 
 
 has one >on. 
 
 "s»q*^V 
 
 WILBUR H, WESTON was born F'ebruar)- 11. 1S51, at Man- 
 chester, X. 11. His ]jatcriial ancestors were of ICnglish extraction, 
 and the early record shows that John Weston emigrated from F'ng- 
 land to America in 1644 and settled in Xcw F.nglaml. In his youth 
 Mr. Weston availed himself of such educational advantages as were 
 afforded in the common school of his native town, and after passing 
 through a course of study at the New Hampshire Conference Semin- 
 ary at Tilton, N. H., came to this State, March 11, 1S71, and found 
 employment in a minor position with the li^ric Railroad Company in 
 this city, where he remained until July, 1.S73. He then was appomted 
 agent of the New Vork Central and Hudson River Railroad Com- 
 pany, as well as the Dutchess and Columbia Railroad Company (now 
 the Newburgh, Dutchess and Connecticut Railroad). In 1SS2 he was 
 appointed the agent of the New York and New England Railroad 
 also. 
 
 Upon the opening of the West Shore Railroad m 18S3, there were 
 several points on that road that came in competition with the business 
 of the New York Central, and Mr. Weston was selected by the Central 
 management to estaljlish ollicc at those points and to have a general 
 
 to that service, which he extended shortly 
 absorbing two other express concerns. In 
 
 J BLACKBURN MILLER. 
 
 1886 he purchased the stage line running between Fishkill Land- 
 ing and Matteawan, and took measures at once to develop the 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 ^15 
 
 business, which has nnw i;Tii\vn tn be one of the institutions on 
 the other side ot' the river. Mr. Weston saw that there was a de- 
 mand for clieaper transportation than that afforded by Uverymen, 
 and, believing that by cliarging a fair price for carrying a passenger 
 to an}' point in the city he would meet with encouragement, lie, in 
 1S87, started a cab line which carries passengers to anv point in the 
 city for twenty-five cents. In i.SSS he took out a patent on an nn- 
 proved cab which he uses in his business. The same year he estab- 
 Ushed a cab service in Poughkeepsie, which has received very liberal 
 patronage from the citizens of that place. 
 
 In mihtary matters Mr. Weston in f(.rnier years took an active in- 
 terest. At the formation of the Seventeenth Battalion, X. G. S. N. V. , 
 he was appointed quartermaster, then promoted to captain of Com- 
 pany A, and afterwards was made major, which office he held until 
 the battalion was disbanded by act of the Legislature. It is from 
 this connection that he acquired the title of " Major," hv which he is 
 
 or immediately after. According to the family tradition, he was a 
 native of Bordeau.x. It is almost certain that he went first to Eng- 
 land, and thence sailed to America. He settled in New Paltz, Ulster 
 County, N. Y., where he married Elizabeth Deyo Lefevre, daughter 
 of Christian Deyo, one of the original patentees of that French settle- 
 ment, and widow of .Simon Lefevre. One child was the fruit of this 
 union — a son, born in 1693, who was named Peter. This Peter Can- 
 tine married Elizabeth Blansjan, the daughter of Mattys Blansjan of 
 Hurley, Ulster County, N. Y,, and grand-daughter of Mattys Blans- 
 jan, a Huguenot refugee. They had twelve children, six sons and 
 six daughters, one of the latter dying in infancy. From these six 
 sons, unquestionably, are descended all the families in this country 
 which bear the name of Cantine. The family have never been a large 
 one in point of numbers, the most prolific branch being that descend- 
 ed from Peter's son John, who was conspicuous as a general and as a 
 legislator during the Revolutionarv period. By marriage the Can- 
 
 /VOODBURN HALL' THE CHRISTOPHER B, MILLER HOMESTEAD-New W 
 
 familiarly addressed. Major Weston takes much interest in Masonic 
 matters and is a Past Master of Hudson River Lodge, Past Com- 
 mander of Hudson River Commandery, trustee of Ili.ghland Chapter 
 and also of the Masonic Hail Association, of this city, and a Noble of 
 Mecca Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of New York City. Mr. Weston 
 has excellent judgment in Ijusiness enterprises and is quick to per- 
 ceive the wants of the public, and, in supplying these wants, he lias 
 met with the encouragement that has resulted in a remunerative and 
 increasing business. He was united in marriage on the lyth ol 
 April, 1S81. to Mary C, youngest daughter of Henry U. Hornbeck, 
 and the result of this union is two children, Ralph and Justine. 
 
 GEORGE A. CANTINE. The Cantine family in America is dc- 
 cended from Moses Cantine, a Huguenot who lied from I'Yance at the 
 time of the infamous Revocation of the Edict of Xaiites, A. D. 1685, 
 
 tines are connectetl with niiiiiv of the nlder Llutch aiul Iluguemjt fam- 
 ilies of New York State. 
 
 One of the sons of (Jeneral John Cantine was Jloses I., who was 
 part owner and the editor of the Albany . //•;'//.v, and who held many 
 important public offices at the beginning of tliis century, lie married 
 Christina Hoes, a near relative "f ilie Rev. Dr. IIocs, I'ormerlv the 
 pastor of the old Dutch Cliurcli uf Kingston. President Martin \'an 
 Buren was the brother-in-law of .Moses I. Cantine, his wife llannali 
 Hoes Ijeing a sister of Mrs. Cantine. Mrs. \'an Buren ha\-ing died, 
 her niece Miss Christina, a daughter of Moses 1. Cantine was "the 
 lady of the White Hcmse " during the administration of Martin \'aii 
 Buren. The larger number of the present living members of the 
 family are to be found within the State of New York, though many 
 individuals are residing in the West, and some in foreign lands. 
 
 George A. Cantine is probably descended from Abraham Cantine, 
 the fourth son of Peter, and a grandson of the Huguenot refugee. 
 
2 l6 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 He was born 
 cal education 
 ried Marian 
 New En.!4'lan( 
 
 in Xl'W" 
 , ser\'c(l 
 J. Cook 
 1 family 
 
 rk, reared i 
 the Union 
 :iui;-lUcr of 
 (1 akidv of 
 
 n \e\v 
 \.nn\-, 
 (iencr 
 literal- 
 
 En;<land, 
 and when 
 al S..lon I 
 V aliilitv. 
 
 received a ckissi- 
 i|uite young nuir- 
 1. Cook, of an old 
 She died in iS.Sy. 
 
 COLONEL GEORGE A CANTINE. 
 
 leaving two sons, lidward B. and Francis JI. Up to 1-S75 he was en- 
 gaged in teacliing, on the rostrum, and in special literary work. Since 
 then he has been extensivelj' engaged in underwriting, holding im- 
 portant positions as adjuster, special agent, manager and general 
 agent. He came to Xewburgh in 1886, in the capacity of general 
 agent of the New York Life Insurance Company. He has charge of 
 the Hudson River iJistrict, seventeen counties in all, with seventj'-four 
 sub-agencies, with his main offices in this city, Albany and New York 
 City. 
 
 Colonel Cantine is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
 and is Past Department Inspector of the State of New York, and a 
 member of several other military societies. He is an Odd Fellow of 
 twenty-five years standing, and in Free Masonrj'has taken thirty-two 
 degrees. He is Senior Warden of Xewburgh Lodge and Generalis- 
 simo of Hudson River Commandery, K. T. He is a Republican in pol- 
 itics, and has delivered speeches in most of the campaigns since the 
 war, but has never accepted ofifiee. Colcjnel Cantine has acquired 
 considerable reputatiiui as a polished aii<l elotiuent speaker and lec- 
 turer. Since taking up his residence here he luLs addressed se\'eral 
 important public assemblages, notably at the Memorial 1 )ay exercises 
 of iSgo. He has also gamed public favor for his lectures on " German 
 Civilization in Euro])e," "Madame Roland," " Soldier and Citizen," 
 "National Civilization of America," "Money," "Art in History," 
 and " Battle Fields." He has traveled through many States on lec- 
 ture tours. He is a member of the Xewburgh City Club, the Aurora 
 Grota Masonic Club, (jf Brooklyn, and other social organizations. 
 
 resiiled;he was at one time Chief of Police and afterwards Super- 
 intendent of Washington's Headquarters for a number of years. 
 The subject of this sketch has had an eventful life for one of his years. 
 In his youth he contended against grave adversity, and wrought in 
 various fields; but now in his prime he is well on the way to that busi- 
 ness and social oasis we call success. His education was received in 
 the public schools of our city, but bef.)re completing the full course he 
 left the Academy and began life in earnest as a newsboy. He was 
 and.itious, and after carrying pajiers for a time, for the modest salary 
 of a dollar a week, he became Ihc sole proprietor of a wayside news- 
 stand in Water Street. 
 
 When fifteen years old he found a place in the [jrinting office of E. 
 W. Gray, publisher of the Ihiily Xeu'S, where he mastered the intri- 
 cacies <.f the type ease and performed with more or less fidelity the 
 luimble l)ut necessary duties that fall to the lot of the "printing office 
 devil." From the newspaper ofificc he went to the Washington Iron 
 Works to learn the trade of a machinist. His first work there was on 
 the United States gunboat . Lenape. then building. He remained 
 there two years, and having made rapid pro.gress, then went on the 
 ICrie Railroad and filled various positions till he became fireman of 
 a locomotive with the aspiration aiirl promise of soon becoming an 
 engineer. But his career was not to be in that direction. May 4, 
 rS(.5, his engine jumped the track in Bethlehem cut, on theNewburgh 
 l'.ranch,and wrecked the train. Mr. Goodrich was caught beneath 
 the engine and held fa-.t for three and a half hours, and his injuries 
 were so serious in their nature that his life was despaired of . Having 
 an iron constitution, however, he survived, but not without being left 
 physically disabled for life. 
 
 Forced to make a new start in the world, he turned his attention 
 to telegraphy, learned the system after three months' tuition in the 
 
 CHARLES T. GOODRICH was born in Colden Street, this city, 
 December 5, 1S4'.. llis father, Alfred Goodrich, now deceased, came 
 to Xewburgh when a boy, from Connecticut, where his ancestors long 
 
 CHARLES T GOODRICH, 
 
 office at Vail's Gate, and was appointed station-agent there. He was 
 afterward employed as a telegrapher at various stations on the Erie, 
 at length taking a position in the main office of the Western Union 
 Company in New York Cit\-, and finally in its office in Xewburgh. 
 While in the Metropolis and before he went there his leisure hours 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 2 17 
 
 JOHN H MARTIN 
 Superintendent at Washington's Headquarters 
 
 were occupied in writing interesting letters to the home papers, and 
 encouraged by their success his mind once again incUned toward 
 
 newspaper worl<. 
 Finally he renewed 
 former associations 
 by accepting a po- 
 sition on the local 
 press. He was lo- 
 cal editor for A. A. 
 Bcnscl when that 
 gentleman publish- 
 ed the Iliu'lv J'lU'Si 
 liver X. l'>. Beede's 
 sjiiee nnll in l-'ront 
 Street, and lor a 
 number of years he 
 lilled a responsible 
 IJosi t i on on the 
 Telt\i^}'(ip/i under 
 James J, McXally. 
 When that pajier 
 passed from -Mr. 
 -McXally to Ijr. T. 
 II. Cooper, Mr. 
 Gi.iodrich was re- 
 tained, and lUiring 
 the proprietor's 
 long illness he was 
 the chief editor and 
 manager. He had 
 also become the 
 local correspondcn t 
 of Xew York newspapers, and was thus enabled to vary his serious 
 commentations on and truthful relation of the real facts of every-day 
 life by chronicUng the fancies of a fertile ima.gination. Mr. Good- 
 nch's bear and snake stories of that day were models of the art. His 
 connection with the Xew York dailies he has 
 retained up to the present time. He was 
 also at one time connected with the Xew- 
 bur^li fournal. 
 
 Having added to his newspaper work in 
 1870 the agency of an insurance company, 
 he has gradually increased the list of his 
 companies and the volume of his business, 
 until his agency and real estate business have 
 swelled to large proportions. The growth 
 has been due to honest dealings and 
 prompt settlement of losses. He represents 
 about a score of leading fire, plate-glass, 
 boiler and marine insurance companies. 
 
 Mr. Goodrich joined Brewster Hook anri 
 Ladder Company in October, 1863, and con- 
 tinued therein till 1S83, an^ for fourteen 
 )-ears was its representative in the Fire I'e- 
 partment Fund. For a number of years he 
 was Secretary of the I'und, anrl his knowl- 
 edge of the insurance business was of great 
 value to the Board, it being in no small part 
 through his effrjrts that so large a fund was 
 accumulated. 
 
 Mr. Goodrich has shown considerable ac- 
 tivity in politics in years gone by. In 1868 
 he was elected City Collector by the Demo- 
 cratic party and is now Assessor in the 
 Second Ward. He has served as Clerk of 
 the Board of Supervisors and as Official Re- 
 porter. He has also been nominated by his party for Reconlcr and 
 School Trustee. Another relation in which he has lieen ],rominent is 
 with the Knights of Pythias. He has been through all the chairs 
 of Olive Branch Lodge, and for seven consecutive years lie lias been a 
 
 "* f^ 
 
 representative to the Grand Lodge, in \^dlich from the first year he 
 took a prominent part, having been a member of its most important 
 committees each 
 year. The Charles 
 T. Goodrieh 1 )ivis- 
 ioii No. 25, Uni- 
 form Rank, K. of 
 v., instituted Jan- 
 uary 5, I -Si) I , is 
 named i 11 li is 
 honor. 
 
 Mr. (roodrieh is 
 a member of the 
 Building and Loan 
 Association, t li e 
 Board of Trade, a 
 Trustee of the First 
 Baptist Church ami 
 is interested in 
 several business 
 institutions in his 
 nil t i V e e i t v. In 
 I .s s 1 h e 111 a r- 
 ried Hattie Iv, 
 daughter of Cap- 
 tain Isaac leiikin- 
 son, and has oiK' 
 son. 
 
 JAMES HAR- JAMES h, goodale 
 
 VEY GOODALE. 
 
 son of Silas King Goodale, was born at Coldenhani, X. Y., eight 
 miles west of the City of Newburgh. His parents removed there 
 from Long Island in 1814. Records in the Town of Southampton, 
 L. I., exhibit the name of the family Ixick to the year i6g8. James 
 Harvey's early education was gained at the 
 
 academy at Montgomery. From the age of 
 
 21 he has held local, town and county offices. 
 In iS6g he was elected Superintendent of the 
 Poor of the county, which office he held 
 four consecutive terms, or twelve years. 
 During his term he built the Orange County 
 Insane Asylum at (Jrange Farm, and estab- 
 hshed the Children's Home at Middletown. 
 In 18S9 Mr. Goodale was appointed Under- 
 Sheriff, and at present resides in the court 
 house in this city. He married Mary E. 
 Gale, of Goshen, and his family consists of 
 three children, Cynthia Augusta, Minnie 
 Phillips, wife of Benjamin \Villiams, of 
 Middletown, and William Harvey, of this 
 eitv. 
 
 
 GILBERT b JACOBS 
 
 GILBERT E. JACOBS, second son of 
 William H. and Lucy A. Jacobs, was liorn 
 .May fi, 1S50, at Willianisluirgh, now a part 
 of the City of l'.ri)okl_\'ii, N. Y. In 1S55 he 
 lemoved to llazelton, Iowa, with his parents, 
 vvberc lie remained until 1S51), when his 
 family moved to Ib'ccnwicb, Conn., where 
 he obtained such instruction as could be 
 liad in the public schools. 
 
 In iSfiS he removed to Newark, N. J., and 
 there engaged with his father in the grocery 
 business until 1S72, when he moved to Rah- 
 wav, N. J. , and engaged in the same business with his brother. In 1S75 
 he removed to this city and engaged again with his father m the 
 grocery business on Colden Street, continuing until February i, 1SS6, 
 when with his brother George H. he estabUshed the business of the 
 
1 8 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Jacobs Baking" Powder Company, and still continues it. Mr. Jaeol)s 
 is also Treasurer of the Newburgh Reed Company, manufacturing 
 reed chairs. On December 4, 1S73, he was married to MaryWard Mnnn, 
 of Newark, X. J., and has three children: Eugene Ward, Ada Louise 
 and Bessie May. Mr, |acol>s takes no part in polities, Init is affiliated 
 with the Republican part\-. lie is a member of the several Masonic 
 bodies, and was Master i^f Hudson River T^odge for live years. 
 
 CHARLES HENRY HALSTEAD. only son of the late Charles 
 B. Flalstead, was bcirn August 12, 1S4O, in the town of Minisink, 
 Orange Coimtv, X. V. Ills early life was passed in Port Jervis until 
 1859, when he rcmos'ed \\itli his parents to Xewburgh and entered 
 the old High School, of which his father was the Principal. He sub- 
 sequently attended the Xewburgh Academy, but ilid not complete 
 the course on account of ill-health, which prevented the accomplish- 
 ment of a long-cherished desire of obtaining a collegiate education. 
 After being employed foiu' vears in a grocery-store, he engaged as 
 clerk on the propeller Thomas McManus, owned by Alsdorf & Skid- 
 more, who did a freighting and commission Vnisiness at the foot of 
 Fifth Street, and ran this boat between Xewburgh and Xew York. 
 From February', 1S72, tii March 20, i,s,S2, he was ticket clerk at the 
 Xewburgh station of the Xew York, Lake Erie and Western Rail- 
 road Companv, ami then he was appointed station agent, in which 
 
 position he remain- 
 ed until June 30, 
 1S.S6. In February, 
 1.SS7, he engaged 
 with the Chadborn 
 X- Coldwell Manu- 
 facturing Company 
 as boo k-k eep e r, 
 where he is still 
 employed. 
 
 Mr. Halstead 
 was initiated into 
 .^hlsonl■\■ as soon 
 as he became of 
 age, aii<l has ever 
 since taken a great 
 interest in local 
 .Masonic m a 1 1 ers, 
 liaving prepared 
 seseral interesting 
 |)a]iers on the early 
 history r>f Masonry 
 in this city, which 
 showed much i\- 
 searcli and literar\" 
 skill. lie is safe 
 authority <m all 
 Mas'.nic 111 a t te r s 
 with which he is 
 i de n t i f i cd, a ml 
 there is no one connected with the fraternity here who has done 
 .so much to advance the cause of Masonry, and who, by imiting 
 zeal and persistent effort, combined with rare tact and judgment, has 
 contributed so largely to place this institution on a substantial and 
 permanent basis. Ilis name is lainiliar to nearly every Free and Ac- 
 cepted Mason dwelling in the valley of the Hudson River. In the 
 community where almost his entire life has been spent Mr. Halstead 
 has merited the respect and esteem of every one who h;is the pleasure 
 of his acquaintance, and his vmswerving inte,grity and high character 
 have made for him a reputation not easily attained, He is a Past 
 Master of Hudson River Lodge, Past High Priest of Highland Chap- 
 ter, Past Commander of Hudson River Commandery, and has for a 
 number of years been Secretary of his Lodge and Chapter and of the 
 Masonic Hall Association. He is also a Noble of Mecca Temple of 
 New York. Mr. Halstead is a bachelor, and says he is perfectly will- 
 ing to remain so for the balance of his life. 
 
 CHARLES H 
 
 PHOTO. B. 
 
 HALSTEAD. 
 
 JOHN L. SCHULTZ is the senior member of the firm of Schultz 
 lV Cruiii and L)cpiit\- (.'..Hector of Internal Revenue. Born in Pough- 
 keepsie November 2,S, 1S34, he attended the Episcopal parish school 
 in that city. At the age of twenty-si.K he became a member of the 
 Poughkeepsie Board of Health, and in 1882 was elected by the Re- 
 publican party to the Board of Aldermen. While a member of that 
 board he was Chairman of the Police Committee. For four years he 
 was Superintendent of the Iledding M. E. Sabbath School. From 
 1873 to 1883 he was a postman. 
 
 In the latter year he came tci Newburgh and purchased a half in- 
 terest in the flrygoods firm which was thereafter styled Gillies and 
 Schultz, and subsequently Gillies, Schultz & Crum, and Schultz & 
 Crum. In 1SS6, when -Mr. Crum became a partner, their accommo- 
 
 JOHN L SCHULTZ 
 
 datii.ns were greatl\- enlarged b\- the additi..n of the second llocir ..f 
 their building, X... m Water Street, as a departinent for carpets, and 
 the extension of the building sixty feet in the rear. In September, 
 iSi|o, the first lloor of the adjoining building. No. 21, was added, so 
 that now they possess what Newburgh people consider a verv large 
 and well appointed establishment. Ilrvgoods and carpets are the 
 two principal branches of their business. 
 
 In iS8g Mr. Schidtz received the nomination of the Republican 
 ])art\- for Alderman-at-Large, of Newburgh, but declined to accept 
 it. Having accepted the appointment of Deputy United States Col- 
 lector .if Internal Revenue, he entered upon the duties of that office 
 January i, 1S90. He married Jennie, daughter of Colonel S. B. Wheel- 
 er, of Poughkeepsie, and has two sons. 
 
 COL. EDWARD D. HAYT is the oldest s..ii .,f the late Stephen 
 llayt, and was born in Xewburgh, May 30, 1845. His education was 
 obtained in the old academy and Wm. N. Reid's private school. His 
 lather was a well known dry gi>ods dealer, and occupied the store at 
 No. (,(, Water Street Edward did not take kindly to the professions, 
 but entered the store as a clerk February 1, iSf,2. In July, 1S66, his 
 father admitted him into partnership, and the firm was Stephen Hayt 
 
N E W R U R G H 
 
 2 19 
 
 .9^ ^^ 
 
 ( & Sun. On Febrviarv 1, 1876, his father sold his interest in the l)nsi- 
 1 ness to X. B. Hayt, and the firm was changed to N. B. & E. U. Hayt, 
 " which continued until iSSo, when N. B. Hayt retired, and the firm 
 
 was t h e r e a f t e r 
 known as Ilayt, 
 J an sen ..V Wells, 
 who eonlmued the 
 business until Sep- 
 tember, iSSS. when 
 it was sold to 
 Shuart lV Embler. 
 Mr. Hayt then 
 purchased an inter- 
 est in the e.Kten- 
 sive business of 
 Burden & Co., at 
 Greenpoint, X. V., 
 where he has since 
 been engaged. 
 
 Early in life Jlr. 
 lla}"t became im- 
 bued with military 
 enthusiasm, and in 
 i,S6.S enlisted in the 
 old Powell Corps, 
 known Li s Coiri- 
 pan\' E, and at- 
 tached to the lyth 
 Regiment, X. G. S. 
 X. Y. He was pro- 
 moted to second 
 lieutenant, which 
 office he held until 
 taff' of General J, \Y. 
 X. V. , as ( )j'dnancc 
 ^75 was promoted to 
 Chief of Artiller\- 
 and i)i\'isioii In- 
 spector with rank 
 of colonel. In 1.S70 
 he organized the 
 17th Batalion in 
 this city and was 
 the Lieutenant-col- 
 onel cfimmanding. 
 It was 1 argel y 
 through tlic elforts 
 of Colonel Hayt 
 that an appropria- 
 tion wiLS secured 
 for the erection 
 of the State armory 
 in this city. 
 
 Mr. Ilaytisalxo 
 identified with all 
 the Masonic bodies 
 of this city, and is 
 a Past Master of 
 Hudson Rive r 
 Lodge, and Past 
 (.' oni ni a n d c r o I 
 II u d son R i V c r 
 Comniandery ol 
 Knights 'I'cmplar. 
 He has attained 
 to the thirty-second 
 degree-of Scottish Rite Masonr\-, and is a Xoble of Mecca '1 emple, 
 A. A. 0. N. M. S., of Xew York City. Mr. Hayt is a social gentle- 
 man, but has never as yet been induced to take a lile-])artnct 
 with him. 
 
 COLONEL EDWARD D, HAYT 
 
 the corps was disbanded. He was also (.n the 
 Husted, commanding the 5th Division, X. G., 
 of&cer with rank of lieutenant-cohmel, ami in 
 
 DANIEL G. CAMERON, lumber merchant, was Ix.rn in Xew- 
 burgh in 1S51,. His father, the late William F. Cameron, was a highly 
 esteemed and substantial citizen, and served in the Common Council, 
 the Board of Su- 
 pervisors and the 
 Board of Health, 
 k'or ncarl\- a i[uar- 
 tcr of a century he 
 was engaged in the 
 lumber trade in 
 this city, being one 
 of the firm of Cam- 
 eron & Sloat, es- 
 tablished in i.soo. 
 After 1 e a V i n g 
 school Daniel G. 
 entered the employ 
 of his father's firm. 
 For a i^eriod he 
 was in the Fishkill 
 office of the firm. 
 After the retire- 
 ment of Mr. Sloat 
 he continued witli 
 his father at the 
 Xewburgh )■ a r d , 
 and was entrusted 
 with its manage- 
 ment. He became 
 the proprietor at 
 his father's death 
 
 in 1S89. He married william d. traphagen. 
 
 Ada, third daugh- 
 ter of the late Thomas lliiigham. Mr, Cameron's )-ard is conveniently 
 situated at No. i„, Front Street, with a frt)ntage on the river. 
 
 DANIEL G. CAMERON. 
 
 WILLIAM Mc- 
 MEEKIN IS of 
 
 Scotch- Irish ances- 
 tr\ . and was born 
 in County Antrim, 
 Ireland, in 1S42. 
 His father owned 
 a farm near t h c 
 village of Kells, 
 He came to Amer- 
 ica with his parents 
 when five years 
 old, and has lived 
 ill Xcwljurgli since 
 I.S40. Wlien nine 
 vears old he went 
 to work in llic cot- 
 ton factory, when 
 the hours of kil)or 
 were from 5 a. m.. 
 till 7 p. m.. with 
 half an hour for 
 breakfast and hall 
 an hour for dinner. 
 Having a desire to 
 learn a trade, and 
 wishing to secure 
 an education be- 
 fore conimeiicing, 
 he e n t c r e d t h e 
 
 Academy in October, 1S57, and studied under AVilliam X. Reid, 
 till the following Spring. The only other schooling he received was 
 at the Glebe school in Liberty Street, between the ages of six and 
 nine. I le learned the trade of a mason, bricklayer and plasterer with 
 
 WILLIAM McMEEKlN, 
 
220 
 
 N E W B U R G 
 
 William Dickey 
 Brown, which i 
 continuously en; 
 ings. They built 
 
 . Ill iSiiii lie fiiriiicil a partncrshii) with AVilliain C. 
 ■untinucd to the Fall of 1S74, durin;<- which time they 
 imaged a large numljer of men in the erection of buikl- 
 Haines's woolen mills, Haigh's woolen mill, the Adams 
 
 W S GLEASON, M D. 
 
 paper mill and many dwellings. Since then Mr. McMeekinhas had no 
 partner. He is a very busy man, and the list of building's that are the 
 work of his hands is a very long one. He is a skillful architect, and 
 executed the plans for most of the houses he has built. In the past 
 year he erected a large storehouse for the Quartermaster at West 
 Point, and the large iron works for Mr. Wright, besides erecting five 
 brick dwellings and finishing .several frame houses. Mr. McMeekin 
 was also at one period largely engaged in railroad contracting. In 
 1864 he married Elizabeth Greer, and has si.x children living. 
 
 WILLIAM D. TRAPHAGEN, the youngest son of the late Ben- 
 jamin Trupluigcii, was imrii ( ictolicr 21, 1.852, at Xcw Hurley, Ulster 
 County, in this State. When fourteen \ears old lie removed witli his 
 parents to Newburgh, and found employment as a clerk in a dr;-- 
 goods store, where he remained three years. Heing seized with a de- 
 sire for a seafaring life, he shipped before the mast on a New Bedford 
 whaler and made two voyages, returning to Newburgh in 1875. Me 
 then entered the store of T. Piartlctt & Son, and learned the hoot and 
 shoe business. In i.sSo lie purcliased tlic Inisincssot Joliii W. Magec, 
 which he conducted alone I'or four years, and then entered into a co- 
 partnership with S. J. Leslie, which was continued until July, 1S90, 
 when he retired from the firm and opened his present store at No. 2 
 Colden Street on the 30th August of the same year. Mr. Traphagen 
 has long been a member of Lawson Hose Company, No. 5, and is at 
 present its representative. He is also a member of several Masonic 
 organizations, and has been Master of Hudson River Lodge. In 
 March, 1SS2, he married Hannah B., youngest daughter of Captain 
 James R. Jenkins, of this city. 
 
 W. S. GLEASON, M.D., was Ijorn at Sag Harbor, Long Island, 
 July J4. LSI,,,. lie received his academic education at Williston Sem- 
 inary, East Hampton, Mass., and at Amherst College. In Septem- 
 ber, 1883, he l)egan his medical education at the University Medical 
 College, New ^^.ik, under the prcceptorship of Prof. William M. 
 Thomson. He pursued a tliorough course of studies at this insti-, 
 tution, and graduated with honors at the commencement in 18S6. 
 .\rter a term of inactical hosjiital work, Ur. Gleason assumed the 
 active duties .if liis profession by locating in Newburgh, where he 
 lias aciuircd a lucrative practice. The Doctor is identified with the 
 Masonic fraternity, being a memljcr of Hudson River Lodge, No. 
 1.07, Highland Chapter, No. 52, and Hudson River Commandery, 
 No.' 35. K. T. He is a s<m of the Rev. W. H. Gleason, D. D., for 
 several years i)astor of the American Reformed Church in this city. 
 In 1S8S Dr. Gleason was married to tirace, daughter of Senator 
 J. W. Iloysradt. of Hudson, N. Y. 
 
 REV. WILLIAM H. TOLE, whose portrait appears herewith, 
 lias liecn li.iiioicd to an unusual degree for one of his years by receiv- 
 ing appointments to parishes of no little prominence. He was born 
 m Newburgh, June 15, 1855, and received his early education in the 
 schools of this city. In September, 1872, he entered Mount St. Mary's 
 College, Emmettsburg, Md., from which institution he was graduated 
 with honors a little less than six years later— June 29, 187S. A lapse 
 of about two months only was enjoyed in rest and recreation, when 
 he again resumed his studies, entering Mount St. Mary's Seminary 
 on August 27, 1S78. f)n Julv ifi, 1SS2, he was ordained a priest of 
 the Roman Catholic Churcli, the ceremony being performed by the 
 Mt. Rev. M. A. Corrigan, 1 1. D., Archbishop of New York, in St. 
 Patrick's Cathedral, l^ftli Avenue ami Fiftieth Street, New York. 
 His first appointment was as assistant rector of the Church of St. 
 
 REV, WILLIAM H. TOLE. 
 
 Leo, East Twenty-eighth Street, between Fifth and Madison Aven- 
 ues, New York. Here he remained for nine years, when he was 
 appointed rector of the Church of St. John the' Evangelist, at White 
 Plains, N. Y., April 4, 1891, where he is at this writing very accept- 
 alily performing tlic duties of his]>osition, surrounded by many friends. 
 
TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 The Commercial Arteries of the City- 
 
 Railroad and Navigation Facilities,, 
 
 HE ccintiguity of the river was an important factor in 
 the early growth (]f Xewburgh, but it is mainly in the 
 last decade that the Queen City of the Hudson has 
 attained the most important elements in its progress. 
 It is to the railroads, more than to anv other one 
 cause, that is due the steady expansion of the city in 
 every material direction. The leading lines are men- 
 tioned in the following paragraphs, but there are others whicli by 
 connection with them at various points make Newburgh a railroad 
 center of importance, easily reached from all parts of the I'ninn. 
 
 river front, with facilities for transporting cars across the river. 
 Twenty passenger trains arrive at and depart from Newburgh daily 
 by this road. 
 
 THE NEWBURGH BRANCH OF THE NEW YORK, LAKE 
 ERIE AND WESTERN RAILWAY extends from Newburgh to a 
 junction with the main line at Greycourt, eighteen miles distant. It 
 is a direct route to the Pennsylvania coal fields, Binghamton, Elmira, 
 Buffalo, Dunkirk, Cleveland, Springfield, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. 
 Louis. The Branch passes through a rich dairy section of Orange 
 
 NEW VORK, LAKE ERIE &. WESTERN RAILROAU DEPOT 
 
 THE WEST SHORE RAILROAD extends from Weehawken, 
 opposite New York City, along the west shore of the Hudson, through 
 the business section of Newburgh, to Albany, and west across the 
 State to Buffalo. At "Weehawken it connects with the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad system, at Newburgh with the Erie and the New York and 
 New England systems, and at Buffalo with the Grand Trunk and the 
 Lake Shore for the West. At Ne\vburgh the West Shore has, besides 
 its passenger station, a large freight yard at the south end, on the 
 
 County, and llirougli several vdlages contributarv to Ncwbur'-'-h. It 
 is also the connecting link to a nnnil)er of otlier roads in the immedi- 
 ate vicinity of Newburgh, namely: tlic Lehigli and Hudson, the Cen- 
 tral New England and Western, tlic Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie 
 and Boston, the Montgomery ami Erie and the Wallkill Valley. 
 Orange County is literally covered with a network of rails, so that 
 every one of the large number of villages in the county has railroad 
 connection willi Newburgh. An immense freight traffic ])asscs over 
 
NEW BURGH. 
 
 the Xewburgh Braneli. It carriL's iiKist .>f tlu- western freiijht that 
 reaches New England over tlie Xew York and Xew England system. 
 and brings to the Hndson enal from all the enal lields of Pennsylvania. 
 The Erie Railroad Company's facilities in Xewlnngh are very ex- 
 tensive. On the river-front tlicv liave tlieir freiglit and |)asscnger 
 depots, a large switch-yanl and the Xew laiglanil transfer; at the 
 west end they have another switch-yard, a ronnd-liouse, etc.. anil at 
 the sonth end another yard for handling coal trains in connection 
 with the Pennsylvania Coal Company. Eight passenger trains arrive 
 and depart daily over the Hraneh. 
 
 THE NEWBURGH AND NEW YORK RAILROAD extends 
 from Newburgh to a junction with the main line of the Xew York, 
 Lake Ene and Western at Newburgh Junction, distance lifteen miles. 
 This road passes through a number of Orange County villa.ges con- 
 tributary to Newburgh. Through trains run between Newburgh. 
 Tuxedo, Patcrson, Passaic and Jersey City. Twelve passenger 
 trains arri\-e at and dejiart friuii Xewbm'gh daih', 
 
 THE NEW YORK CENTRAL AND HUDSON RIVER RAIL- 
 ROAD. This is one of the great A'anderbilt system <<( mads, and 
 extends from New York 
 City, along the east shore 
 of the Hudson, to Albany, 
 and thence across the 
 State to BulTalo. A fer- 
 ry from the foot of Seond 
 Street, Newburgh, runs 
 direeth" to the .station on 
 the opposite side of the 
 river, so that passengers 
 are under cover from the 
 moment they enter the 
 station till they reach 
 Front Street in this citv. 
 The ferry makes close 
 connections with all 
 trains. The railroad ha> 
 an agent and ofhees in 
 Newburgh, and a frei.ght 
 house for receiving and 
 delivering freight. There 
 are twenty-one passenger 
 trains daih'. 
 
 THE NEW YORK 
 AND NEW ENGLAND 
 RAILROAD extends 
 from Newburgh (railroad 
 ferry across the river) to 
 Danbury, Waterbury, 
 
 Hartford, Willimantic, Springfield, Worcester, New London, Provi- 
 dence and Boston. This road connects with the New York Central, 
 the Newburgh, Dutchess and Connecticut, the Harlem, the New 
 York and Northern, the Housatonie, and for all points in the New 
 England States. The company has lar.ge terminal facilities on the 
 opposite side of the river. Six passenger trains arrive and depai't 
 daily, except Sundays. 
 
 THE NEWBURGH, DUTCHESS AND CONNECTICUT 
 RAILROAD extends from Newburgh (railroad ferry across tlic n\-cn 
 to Millerton, and connects with the New York Central, the New York 
 and New England, the Clove Branch, the New York and Massa- 
 chusetts, and the Central New England and Western. It has terminal 
 facilities, repair shops, etc. , at Dutchess Junction, opposite Newburgh. 
 Eleven trains arrive and ilepart daily. 
 
 THE NEW YORK. ONTARIO AND WESTERN RAILWAY 
 
 (via Cornwall-oii-Iliidson), lor Campbell llall. iliddlcLown, tin- i_.,,;[| 
 fields, .Summer resorts in Sullivan and 1 (elaware Counties, Norwich, 
 
 WEST SHORE RAILROAD DEPOT 
 
 Oneida, <)swe,go, and the North and West. This line extends from a 
 junction with the West Shore Railroad, four miles south of Newburgh 
 station, to Oswe.go on Lake Ontario, with branches to Ellenville, Car- 
 bondale and Scranton, Delhi, Edmeston, Utica and Rome. Between 
 Weehawken and Cornwall it uses the same tr.aeks as the West Shore. 
 Ten passenger trains arrive at and deiKirt from Cornwall daily. 
 
 THE LEHIGH AND HUDSON RIVER RAILWAY (via New- 
 burgh Branch). This road, extending from a junction with the 
 Newburgh Branch and the Erie main line at Greycourt to Belvidere, 
 N. J., is operated as apart of the system controlled by the Central 
 Railroad of New Jersey. Control of the Lehigh & Hudson was ob- 
 tained for the purpose of furnishing the New Jersey Central Road 
 and its allied lines, the Philadelphia and Reading Road and the Le- 
 high Coal and Navigation Company, with a short and direct route to 
 Xew England by the railroad ferry at Newburgh, or by the bridge at 
 Poughkcepsje. As a part of the programme for opening up a new 
 short-cut line for railroad traffic between Philadelphia and Harris- 
 burgh and the adjacent regions and New England, the parties in- 
 terested in the New Jersey Central combination have built the Orange 
 Countv Railrciad. the seven-mile link which connects the Lehigh and 
 
 Hudson Road at Grey- 
 court with the Central 
 New England Road near 
 Campbell Hall, and the 
 Poughkeepsie bridge. 
 
 There are several other 
 railroads that, while not 
 strictly Newburgh roads, 
 are within the immediate 
 vicinity, centering at 
 Campbell Hall, and pass- 
 ing t h r o u g h a district 
 c on t r i bu t ar V to New- 
 burgh in a commercial 
 ay. These are the 
 'ennsylvania, Pough- 
 eepsie and Boston, the 
 L entral New England 
 and Western, the Mont- 
 :.;-omery and Erie and 
 the Wallkill Valley 
 .iilwa\s. 
 
 With so many rail- 
 oads Newburgh has 
 xery desirable conveni- 
 ence for freighting and 
 traveling. The railroad 
 traffic across the Hudson 
 is hea\'y. The mammoth 
 iron steamer William T. 
 Hart is constantly engaged in transferring trains from shore to 
 shore. Besides this boat there is the regular line of ferries, 
 carrying both passengers and freight. The New York Central 
 brings thousands of tons of merchandise yearly bv this route. 
 A large traffic is carried ..n with the Newburgh. Dutchess and 
 Connecticut, partly by the transfer steamer and partly in 
 barges. Important items in this traffic are iron ore from the 
 mines in Dutchess County, and coal and pig iron from Penn- 
 sylvania, (loing East between the Erie and the New York 
 and New England the bulk of the traffic is grain and dressed 
 meat from the West, coal froin Pennsylvania and fruit and 
 canned goofls from the Pacific coast. Westward between the 
 two roads goes a great deal of sugar, as well as general 
 merchandise and manufactures from eastern factories. In Sum- 
 mer and Fall fruit is shipped from the Hudson Valley to 
 Boston and other cities. A great amount of freight is changed 
 Irom cars to boats, and v/cf vc-rsa, coal, lumber and ores being 
 the principal commodities. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 NAVIGATION. 
 
 The Hudson River, notwithstanding the advent of the railroads, 
 is still an important auxiliary to the eommerce of the eity- One of 
 the most useful purposes served by the river, in addition to the share 
 it bears in the actual business of transportation, is the effect which 
 it has in maintaining freight rates on the railroads at a reasonable 
 figure. 
 
 The Hudson is one of the most — if not the most — important rivers 
 in the United States. It is a broad, deep, sluggish stream. Its banks 
 are elevated and picturesque throughout nearly its whole course. It 
 is one of the principal channels of communication between the East 
 and the "West. Upon its broad bosom float the products of the great 
 grain fields of the West, of the deep mines of the AUeghanies, and of 
 the dark forests of Canada. It is connected with the Great Lakes bv 
 the Erie Canal, with Lake Champlain by the Chaniplain Canal, with 
 the Delaware and the coal regions by the Delaware and Hudson 
 Canal. It is an everlasting competitor for almost every important 
 rail route east of the Mississippi. 
 
 The river holds on its banks many towns, some great, some small, 
 between which there is a large interchange of merchandise. Within 
 
 made with all trains. This ferry was established in 1743. Sail and 
 row-boats were used till 1816, when a horse-l)oat was built. Since 
 1S28 steamboats have been used. The Union, (he last wooden boat, 
 was burned at the foot of Washington Street, October 1, 1S7S. The 
 City of Newburgh was then built at Ward, Stanton & Co.'s, in this 
 city, and a few years later the Fishkill-on-Hudson, at the same yard. 
 Mrs. Frances E. L. Ramsdell has owned the ferry since 1S50, when 
 her father, Thomas Powell, made a deed fif gift to her. The ferry 
 has always been maintaineii in an excellent manner. 
 
 THE HOMER RAMSDELL TRANSPORTATION COM- 
 PANY. Xightly line of steamers to New York, carrying passengers 
 and freight. The iron propellers Newburgh and Hcjmer Ramsdell 
 are used on this line, with the side-wheel steamer James T. Brett as a 
 spare boat. A boat leaves Newburgh every evening at 7, and an- 
 other leaves New York at 5. Up to i,SS6 the barges Susquehanna 
 and Charles Spear were used on this line. In i.s.Si Mr. Ramsdell pur- 
 chased the propeller Andrew Harder, which had been running as a 
 freight boat between Newburgh and New York; rebuilt it, changed 
 the name to the Philip 1). Lefevcr, and ran it for several years as a 
 Saturday night boat to New York. In 1.SS6 the Lefever replaced 
 
 ■ERIE RAILROAD rARD ' 
 
 a few miles north and south of Newburgh are twelve or fifteen vil- 
 lages, for which our eity is the natural mart. The local traffic of the 
 Hudson is represented mainly by the lines of steamboats. Some of 
 the steamboats carry both freight and passengers, others only passen- 
 gers. The through freight traffic is carried mostly in canal boats 
 which are towed in long "strings" by powerful steamers. Boats 
 are dropped off or taken on, usually without stopping, by the aid of 
 independent tug-boats. In addition to these tows, two are made uj) 
 each evening at Newburgh, one going north and the other south. 
 Extra large coasting vessels are towed separately. 
 
 Not many years ago a large proportion of the freight on the river 
 was carried by white-winged sloops and schooners. While a con- 
 siderable number are still in the service, they are but a remnant com- 
 pared with the great number that once sailed the river. 
 
 The following regular lines of steamboats are engaged in the 
 Ne^i-burgh trade: 
 
 THE NEWBURGH AND FISHKILL FERRY. The iron steam- 
 ers City of Newburgh and FishkiU-on-Hudson are engaged on this 
 route. They are not run at the same time, except when there is a rush 
 of travel. There is a large ferry-house on either side of the river. Both 
 freight (in trucks) and passengers are carried. Close connections are 
 
 the Ijargc Charles Spear, which had been put on the line m 1S70, 
 and on June 14 of the same year the new iron propeller New- 
 burgh was put on the route in place of the barge Susquehanna, 
 which was built by Powell, Ramsdell &• Co. in 1851. The Newburgh 
 was built by Neafie & Levy, on the Delaware. In 1887 the iron pro- 
 peller Homer Ramsdell replaced the Lefever. The Ramsdell was 
 l)uilt at T. S. Marvel & Co.'s shipyard at Newburgh. 
 
 THE NEWBURGH AND ALBANY LINE. The steamers U. 
 .Martin and Jacob H. Tremper leave Newburgh alternately every 
 morning, e.xcept Sunday, at 7.30, carrying freight and passengers. 
 This line of steainboats was established in 1S35. The Martin has 
 been on this line since iSGO. In 1885 the new steamer Jacob H. 
 Tremper took the place of the steamer Eagle, which was burned at 
 Milton, August 2, 1884. Captain Henry Fairbanks, for twenty-eight 
 years connected with the line, died July 3, 18S4. Captain Rogers, 
 also for manv vears on the line, died a few months afterward. 
 
 THE NEWBURGH AND HAVERSTRAW LINE, steamer 
 Emeline, Captain D. C. Woolsey, leaves Newburgh every afternoon at 
 3 o'clock (except Sunday) for Haverstraw and intermediate points, car- 
 rying freight and passengers. This 
 
 dates from 1S44, when Cap- 
 
2 24 
 
 NEW BURGH 
 
 tain Samuel Beard, of Caldwclls, jiiu tlie little steamer Isabella on the 
 rimtc. Captain Woolsev's eonneeliun witli liie line lietjan in 1874, 
 when he pm'ehased the steamer I., I'mardman, then in the serviee, 
 from Captain Stark Lewis, >>!' Sin;^- vSim;'. In issi tlu' llnanlman was 
 rebuilt and reehristened the River I'.elle, and the tolliiwinv; year tile 
 Emeline was purehased. 'I'he River Ilelle was kept as a substitute 
 till 1SS7, when it wassuld. 
 
 THE TRANS-HUDSON RAILROAD FERRY, steamer Wil- 
 liam T. Hart. Cajitaiii ( tliver H. t'lai"k. Railroad ears only. 
 
 THE NEW YORK AND ALBANY DAY LINE, steamers New 
 York and Albanv. Leave Xewl)ur.v;li for jVlbany at 12.25 P- til., and 
 feir Xew York at '2.15 p. m., earrNnni^ ]iiissen.c^ers only. 
 
 THE MARY POWELL STEAMBOAT COMPANY, steamer 
 
 Mary Pt'well, for Xew York, ever\' niornini;- (exeept Sunday) at 7.30, 
 returning" in the e\'ening. Passengers onl\" 
 
 THE NEW YORK AND RONDOUT NIGHT LINE, steamers 
 James "W. Pjaldwin and William I". Romer, earrving frei.ght and pas- 
 sengers. 
 
 THE NEWBURGH AND POUGHKEEPSIE LINE, steamer 
 Hudson Taylor, landing at all intermediate points. 
 
 Besides the above named there are various craft engaged in freight- 
 ing or towing exclusively — sail vessels, barges and tugboats. The 
 
 our wholesalers and manufacturers cargoes from any part of the coun- 
 try without breaking bulk. 
 
 It would seem that Newburgh has every desirable facility as a re- 
 ceiving and distributing point. It has great advantages both for com- 
 merce and manufacturing. I )ur wholesalers can receive their supplies 
 as elieaply as those in New York— in fact cheaper, because most of 
 them can unload from the cars or boats directly into their storehouses, 
 thus saving carta.ge and lighterage. Our manufacturers have also 
 the benefit of cheap ct.al, and both liave low rents and low taxation. 
 
 "^^•■»»- 
 CHEAP FREIGHT RATES. 
 
 Shippers will understand wdiat is meant when we say that New- 
 burgh is a Xew York-rate point. That is, it is given the same rates 
 on through freights by the railroads that Xew York City obtains. 
 I'reight can be shipped frcjm Newburgh to any competing point as 
 cheaply as from Xew York City. Generally large shippers obtain 
 special rates from the railroads. Between local points, the water 
 eraft com])ete with the railroads and make the rates very reasonable 
 to all points along the river. 
 
 NEWBURGH'S COAL TRAFFIC. 
 
 Newburgh has become the principal gateway for the great traffic 
 between the Pennsylvania coal fields and the Xew England States, 
 
 ST"^ "^SSJSSIjETt 
 
 I r ! <aT" 
 
 — ■ ii^ ' ..'i^.'.z^i^mc^',z!Ei 
 
 
 '^■-..ir:a. Fr-T^s 
 
 NEWBURGH FROM THE RIVER OPPOSITE THE LONG DOCK 
 
 Pennsylvania Coal Company have a great number ol boats in Iheir 
 service. In the Summer season many excursion boats come here, us- 
 ually two steamers from New York every Sunday, and many others 
 from other points during the season. 
 
 "Thus favored," says a Board of Trade pubhcation, "through 
 natural lines of water communication with Albany, New York and 
 the Atlantic coast by the Hudson River, Buffalo, Detroit and Chica- 
 go via the Erie Canal and the lakes, with Lake Champlain, Montreal 
 and St. Lawrence by the Champlain Canal, and with the iron mines 
 and coal fields of Pennsylvania by the Delaware and Hudson Canal, 
 we can summon by an electric impulse on a short notification a cargo 
 of lumber from Canada, of flour and grain of any description from 
 the West, of coal, slate, and iron from Pennsylvania, of brick, cement 
 and flagstones from nearer points, to be delivered without breaking 
 bulk at one of the wharves on the eastern front of f)ur city at almost 
 nominal rates for transportation." Likewise, the railroads can firing 
 
 which eonsimies liver six million tons annually. Previous to the ex- 
 tension of the Xew York and Xew England Railroad to Newburgh 
 there had long been ah effort by certain interests to get coal into New 
 England cities and towns by rail, without having to tranship it from 
 cars into boats, and then again into cars at certain of the ports along 
 the Sound, or on the .Vtlantie coast. Coal was sent all the \yay 
 around via Troy and Alliany into Springfield and many of the towns 
 of Massachusetts. It was like going around three sides of a barn to 
 get there in that fashion; still there was quite a trade, at high cost, 
 developed. Then coal was handled at Dutchess Junction, opposite 
 Newburgh, from boats into ears in a small way. Not till the estab- 
 lishment of the railroad ferry at Ne\vburgh was a direct all-rail route 
 secured. 
 
 This direct line is a connecting link between the producer and the 
 consumer. Every coal field in the State of Pennsylvania has railway 
 outlets, more or less direct, to Newburgh. From the jryomtng 
 field there are the Pennsylvania Coal Company's road (the Erie and 
 
N E W B U R G H 
 
 225 
 
 Wyoming) and the New York, Lake Erie and Western, which 
 is also a producer on its own account. Both of these roads 
 ship direct to Newburgh. 
 
 The Lfhigh coal field is served Ijy the Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road, by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and by the New Jersey 
 Central Railroad. The cfial destined for New England comes 
 over the roads of these several companies to Phillipsburgh, N. 
 J., and thence over the Lehigh and Hudson to the Newburgh 
 Branch. 
 
 The Siliiiylkill coal field is served by the Philadelphia and 
 Keading, by the Lehigh Valley and the Pennsylvania Railroad 
 companies. These lines all have connections leading to Phillips- 
 burgh, as stated above. 
 
 On arriving at the river-front the ears are at once run upon 
 the transfer-boat and quickly ferried across. The river is only 
 about a mile wide, and the boat runs day and night, so that 
 trains are changed from side to side of the river without any 
 appreciable delay. Then the roads coming in to Fishkill dis- 
 tribute it throughout the Eastern States. The Newburgh ferry 
 now transfers the cars as fast as the railroads can handle them. 
 There is of course no limit to the number of steamers that 
 could be put on here, if the railroads .should be increased. 
 
 It is beyond all question the most economical all-rail route 
 between the coal fields and the East. Coal pays toll wherever 
 handled, and therefore the fewer handlings the less expense. 
 Freights are the main item in the cost of coal. Coal sent 
 east via Newburgh passes over but two roads from the time it 
 is received from the producer till it is laid down in Hartford, 
 Springfield, Worcester, Providence, Waterburj-, Norwich or 
 Boston . 
 
 Pjut that which we have outlined above is only one part 
 of the traffic. Newburgh is one of the largest depots for coal 
 in the countrv. It is the nearest tide-water point to the coal 
 mines. It has been the principal distributing point for the 
 Pennsylvania Coal Company since 1S63. They have a very 
 large plant, including great piers, basins, switch-yard, storage- 
 pockets, stationary engines and locomotives for hauling cars, 
 boat yard, offices, etc. About three hundred men are employ- 
 ed. The mines are at Dunmore, whence the c<ial is hauled 
 over the coal company's road (the Erie and Wyonung) to the 
 Erie tracks at Hawley, whence it is brought straight to New- 
 burgh. 
 
 On arriving here the cars are run out on the high piers, 
 and the coal is dumped directly into boats lying alongside of 
 the piers. The company owns a great number of canal boats, 
 as well as railroad cars. Coal is shipped from here to various 
 parts of the northern country. ' ' Whalebacks " and other great 
 barges and vessels carry coal to all ports on the Long Island 
 Sound and the New England coast. Long strings of canal 
 boats leave daily, going north and south. Some of the boats 
 are dropped off at towns along the river. At Hudson, Troy 
 and Albany ccmsiderable is put into cars for eastern towns. 
 Other boats go west on the Erie canal to Buffalo, and from 
 there coal is re-shipped to Lake points. Boats from the West 
 with grain and lumber carry coal on their return trip through 
 the canal. All coal shipped from Newburgh is screened as 
 it is delivered on the vessels, and from the screenings several 
 thousand tons of coal dust is sold annually to brickmakers in 
 the vicinitv. 
 
 AN ELEVATOR PROJECT. 
 
 In February, 1SS7, a company was organized in this city, 
 with a capital of $100,000, for the erection of a grain elevator. 
 Nearly three-fourths of the capital was subscribed and ten per 
 cent, paid in. The difficulty of obtaining a site was the great 
 obstacle opposing the fulfilment of the company, and the cause 
 of its temporary disbandment. 
 
 From data collected and presented it was esteemed an en- 
 terprise important to the business attainments of the city, and 
 
226 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 it received encouraging support from the leading business men of Ihr 
 place. The design was to erect an elevator of the capacity of Iwn 
 hundred thousand bushels, with facilities for loading five thousand 
 bushels an hoiu', to supply grain and mill-feed along the lines 
 of railroads centering or connecting at this point. The desirability 
 and almost certain success of a business nl that nature were in- 
 stantly perceived by business minds. Here is a location that com- 
 bines water and rail routes more fully than any other outside of 
 the City of New York, with an assured, miiivaled market. Here 
 is water communication thnni;.;!! the Erie Canal and the Great Lakes 
 to the granaries of the West, whence would come the su|iply. A 
 ready market could lie found along the various railroads, and es- 
 pecially throughout southern New England via the New York and 
 New England Railroad. i\ny one can perceive at a glance the rami- 
 fications of the gTcat railroad system about Newburgh. There is a 
 clear field with no competition be- 
 tween New Yoi«k and Schenectady. 
 All these existing favorable condi- 
 tions were and are well understood. 
 The stumbhng block was the ina- 
 bility at that time to procure a 
 suitable site for the elevator. 
 
 Homer Ramsdell has e-Kplained 
 to the writer a plan he has devised 
 to develop the water front north of 
 Washington Street. Part of the 
 work he has already undertaken, 
 but the rest he leaves to those who 
 shall come after him. He owns, 
 north and south of Washington 
 Street, a river frontage of about 
 one thousand feet, which he intends 
 to fill in to a distance si.K hundred 
 feet east of the east line of l-'ront 
 Street. Within the past few years 
 he has filled in a large portion of 
 it. Mr. Ramsdell stiggests this 
 place as probably the best site that 
 can be obtained for an elevatiir. 
 He has even assumed the expense 
 and trouble to have j^lans prepared, 
 so that the merits of the project 
 may be well understood. The ac- 
 companying illustrations show tlic 
 exact location suggested by Mr. 
 Ramsdell, and the manner in which 
 it may be developed for the busi- 
 ness, together with all necessary 
 dimensions, and the nature of the 
 immediate rail and water facilities. 
 
 With an ample depth of water and ample switching arrangements, 
 there will be every known convenience for loading and unloading 
 both boats and cars. Canal boats from the West, after discharging 
 their grain into the elevator, may load again very readily, and with 
 little or no expense, from the cars on the elevated track. Coal, for 
 example, may be discharged from the cars, through chutes, direct- 
 ly into the boats. The probability of getting return freights from the 
 city is another element of advantage to be considered. 
 
 In connection with this site for the elevator, and to give access 
 thereto from other parts of the city, is the necessity for an under- 
 ground crossing at Washington Street, the only practicable point. 
 The present railroad grade-crossing is unsafe and tedious. Numer- 
 ous tracks cover the street, and trains are constantly jjassing. Tlie 
 steep grade of Washington Street is not only an inconvenience, but, 
 for heavily loaded trucks, a great hindrance — all of which is well 
 understood. 
 
 The substitute proposed is rc'i^rescnted in the drawings. It will 
 be seen very perfect in its provisions and operations, yet inexpensive 
 as to c'lst, and affording an easy grade for ascending from the water 
 level to the high grounds to the west. llr. R.ams(lcll suggests an 
 
 open cut diagonally under Washington and South Water Streets and 
 (he railroad tracks; thence through his property lying between Little 
 Ann and Washington Streets, and then winding around east of the 
 short cut till it reaches the surface at the corner of South Water and 
 Washington Streets. This under-ground road will afford grades ac- 
 ceptable to every one, and not interfere with any existing privilege. 
 The extreme rise is only about one foot in a rod, or six feet in one 
 hundred. Teamsters with heavy loads, after coming out of the cut, 
 have the choice of several routes to various parts of the city, either 
 through Front Street, South Water Street, or up the hill, via the 
 short cut, to Lafavettc Street. 
 
 HOMER RAMSDELL 
 
 HOMER RAMSDELL has been the foremost citizen of New- 
 liurgh of his time. For nearly fifty years he has been identified 
 
 with the history of the place, and 
 no one has wielded a greater in- 
 fluence in its social and business 
 life than he. His labors in connec- 
 tion with the Erie Railroad as a 
 long-time Director and as President, 
 and with other forms of transpor- 
 tation in eastern New York, and 
 the impress which he has made 
 upon the business and other inter- 
 ests of Newburgh, mark him as one 
 of the most successful men of the 
 age, and grant him, in the evening 
 of life, the pleasant thought that he 
 has been one of the world's useful 
 men and that his labors have been 
 of a character that will live after 
 him. Mr. Ramsdell was born at War- 
 ren, Worcester County, Mass., 
 August 12, iSio. His father was 
 Joseph Ramsdell, the fourth of that 
 name, who was descended from 
 Joseph and Martha (Bowker) Rams- 
 dell, who emigrated from England 
 to Plymouth, Mass., in 1643. His 
 mother was Ruth Stockbridge, of 
 Hanover, Mass., a descendent of 
 John Stockbridge, who emigrated 
 from England in 163,8. After their 
 marriage at Hanover, Februarv 3, 
 iSoo, they moved to Warren, and 
 had (I) Joseph (who died in 1S91,) 
 (2) JIary, (3) Homer. 
 
 flomer attended the common 
 schools, and finished his education 
 at the academy at Monson, Hampden County, Mass. In April, 1S27, 
 he went to New York City to enter upon an engagement as clerk in 
 the dry goods store of Hedge & Lee, in William Street. In i82g he 
 secured a better position with C. &• U. J. Smith, who were large 
 wholesale and retail dealers in dry goods m Maiden Lane. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1S32, he commenced business in the firm of Ramsdell & Brown, 
 at the corner of Maiden Lane and William Street, dealing in silks, 
 laces, fancy goods and white goods. Thus when only twentv-one 
 years old Mr. Ramsdell was well on the way to success. Doubtless 
 had he continued in his mercantile career in New York, his rare 
 liusiness ability and energy would have earned him the same measure 
 of fortune and renown as that which he has achieved in other walks 
 ..f life. 
 
 Mr. Ramsdell married on June 16, 1S35, Francis E. L., daughter 
 of Thomas Powell, of Newburgh. He continued in business in New 
 York till 1840, when he dissolved his connections there and took up 
 his permanent residence in Newburgh, in order to assist in the su- 
 perintendence of Mr. Powell's large interests. The latter had been 
 engaged in mercantile, forwarding and banking business here for 
 many years. He was interested in almost everv considerable under- 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 227 
 
!j8 
 
 NEWBLIRGH 
 
 taking of his timr, and was the originator (•( many projects tliat havu 
 proved of great benefit to the city. He was a large stockholder in 
 factories, railroads, banks, steamboats, docks and storehouses. In 
 1844 Mr. Ramsdell became a member of the linn of Thomas Powell 
 & Co., and thenceforth ami until Mr. Powell's death, in 1.S56, he was 
 very largely the administrator of Mr. Powell's afl'airs, and to him 
 perhaps the community owed most of the undertakings in which the 
 firm engaged. When Mr. Ramsdell came to Xewburgh the store- 
 house and dock of the firm were south of First Street, whence the 
 steamer Highlander made regular trips to Xcw Vork. In 1.S46 the 
 firm of Thomas Powell & Co. built the steamer Thomas Powell and 
 placed it on the line. Subsequently the Powell was soUl to the Erie 
 Railroad Company, to run between New York Cit)- and the terminus 
 of the road at Piermont, and the Highlander to Anderson, Romer & 
 Co., of Rondout, and their places taken by barges. Upon the death 
 of Mr. Powell, Mr. Ramsdell continued the enterprises in which they 
 were both interested, and extended them or widened their scope as 
 opportunity offered, or as his financial and executive genius could 
 open a way to new results. On February i, 1865, Mr. Ramsdell 
 bought the dock property and barge of B. Carpenter & Co., and 
 consolidated the business of that firm with that of Homer Ramsdell 
 & Co. During the season the Carpenter storehouse was moved to a 
 new foundation, and the storehouse of Ramsdell cV- Co. was joineii 
 to It, forming the present building, which is 250 feet in length. In 
 1S75 Mr. Ramsdell, associated with his sons, formed the Homer 
 Ramsdell Transportation Company. 
 
 In 1845 Xewburgh, from a condition already prosperous, and prom- 
 ising even greater advances in the future, was threatened with im- 
 mediate and perhaps permanent disaster by the opening of the New 
 York and Erie Railroad to Goshen, two years before. At this time 
 the company had defaulted in the payment of interest to the State 
 upon a three-million dollar loan, and a sale under foreclosure seemed 
 inevitable. The company appealed to the Legislature, asking that it 
 forgive the debt. A bill for that purpose was prepared, but New- 
 burgh brought all her influence to bear against it, and those in op- 
 position to the measure outnumbered its friends. For a time the 
 Erie Railroad project and all the ambitions clustered about it seemed 
 destined to defeat. At this point the people of Newburgh, who 
 through their representatives held the balance of power on the ques- 
 tion, offered to consent to having the debt forgiven if the company 
 would agree to build a branch road to Newburgh. The company ac- 
 quiesced, on the condition that Newburgh should subscrilw $100,000 
 (or one-third of the estimated cost of the Branch) to the capital stock 
 of the Erie Company, and the bill was passed. The stock subscrip- 
 tion required from Newburgh was raised (Mr. Ramsdell's firm being 
 the largest subscriber) and §15,000 in addition — in all $ir5,ooo. < )n 
 the fulfilment of this stock subscription by the citizens of Newburgh, 
 it was their prerogative to be represented in the board of the Erie 
 Company by a local director, and Mr. Ramsdell, who had been most 
 prominent in the movement, was nominated by the subscribers and 
 elected as such director in the Summer of 1845. The first contracts 
 made by the Erie Company upon its re-organization under the 
 amended act of 1845, were those for constructing the Newburgh 
 Branch and that part of the main hne between Middlebnvn and 
 Otisville. The work was carried forward under the agreement until 
 1847, when by reason of enormous expenditures upon the main line 
 between Otisville and Binghamton, and when only about $115,000 
 (the amount subscribed by Newburgh) had been expended upon the 
 Branch, the Erie Company was so pressed for money that a suspen- 
 sion of the work upon the Branch was deemed imperative. To pre- 
 vent this and to bridge over the necessities of the hour, .Mr. Kamsrlell 
 agreed to negotiate the acceptances of the company for each succes- 
 sive monthly estimate until January, 1849, at which time all were to 
 mature. During this time the further sum of $130,000 was expended 
 on the Branch. 
 
 The opening of the main line of the Erie to Binghamton on the 
 27th of December, 1848, was attended by a cost far exceeding the 
 estimates, and the finances of the company were correspondingly 
 embarrassed: added to this were heavy drains for work then being 
 vigorously pushed on the Susquehanna division, so that the directory 
 
 GOLDEN 
 
 H 
 
 "W" A T E 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 12() 
 
 ANN 
 ST. 
 
 Office & Pattern Shop 
 
 
 Boiler Shop 
 
 m 
 
 Storage /rg^g^ shop 
 
 Foundry 
 
 Machine Shop 
 
 STREET 
 
 3 / 
 
 r^"^ ^ % 
 
 
 J -^ / 
 
 UJ 
 
 / " / 
 
 a. 
 
 / ■^ . / 
 
 o 
 
 / y / 
 
 
 / ^ / 
 
 
 / o / 
 
 -30'-i 
 
 / ■ / 
 
 STREET 
 
 ^\'tKSt?t;;^?^»t^^^t^t^y^y^;-^y^jy;t^tt^^t^t;^;5^Sj^t^tti^i^^ 
 
 AN ELEVATOR PROJECT, NEAR THE 
 
 FOOT OF WASHINGTON STREET. (See Page 225.) 
 
2 30 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 in January, 1S49, deemed themselves forced to disenntinue the expen- 
 ditures on the Braneh. At this juncture Mr. Ramsdell proposed to 
 raise the further sum of §145,000 upon the acceptances of the com- 
 pany, to mature in May, 1S51, provided responsible parties in New- 
 burgh would endorse the acceptances, and also provided the company 
 would execute a mi)rtsav;c upon tlic Branch as security for the 
 amount.* The company agreed to tlic proposal, and Jlr. Ramsdell 
 secured the endorsement of the acceptances by a number of Newburgh 
 business men. These acceptances were also all endorsed by T. 
 Powell & Co. Mr. Ranisdcll's linn also purchased Ss 5, 000 worth of 
 railroad iron for the company, and m adcUtion to the iron he pur- 
 chased the depot grounds, erected depot buildings and leased the 
 whole property to the company with the option to purchase. In 
 short, all the money spent on the Newburgh Branch was advanced 
 through Mr. Ramsdell's instrumentality as the work progressed, and 
 on January g, 1S50, the Branch was opened with appropriate fes- 
 tivities. 
 
 The building of the Branch ensured the continued prosjierity of 
 the city. Large industries were thereby induced to locate here, and 
 
 only l)ctween I'iermont and (Hisville, a distance of sixty-one miles, 
 and had a limited equipment of rolling stock, while the construction 
 of tlic most dilVicult and expensive part of the road— that between 
 ( Itisvillc and Binghamton— was then in progress. The change could 
 then have been made in that portion already built for about seventy- 
 live thousand dollars, and a saving of five hundred thousand dollars 
 made on tlie construction of the unfinished portion ; and when ulti- 
 mately made, thirty years later, the change cost about seven million 
 dollars. 
 
 The company succeeded in opening the road to Dunkirk on May 
 14, 1S51, liut this work was only accomplished by herculean efforts 
 and resort to all sorts of expedients, the enumeration of which would 
 1)0 tedious. The directors found it necessary to aid the company 
 with both individual capital and credit in times of extreme necessity. 
 They passed frequently over the line, encouraged the contractors, and 
 bolstered the market value of the securities by purchasing largely of 
 them at public sales. J Jlr. Ramsdell was regarded as especially 
 interested in the Newburgh branch, and thus had a double duty 
 imposed upon him during the whole period. 
 
 'THE HOMESTEAD'-RESIDENCE OF HOMER RAMSDELL. 
 
 it eventually brought about the extension of the New Vork and New 
 England to Newburgh. Mr. Ramsdell continued a member of the 
 board of directors of the comjDany, with the exception of a brief in- 
 terval, till 1884, and is now (iSgi) the only survivor of those with 
 whom he first .served in the early history of the road. His practical 
 judgment and foresight were freely given to the use of the great line 
 through his connection therewith, and many specific points might be 
 named where mistakes could have been avoided and better means 
 employed had his advice been foUowed.f For instance, when, in 
 1847, the question of the change of the gauge of the Erie from six 
 feet to four feet eight and one-half inches was discussed, Mr. Rams- 
 dell advocated the narrow gauge. The road was then in operation 
 
 * Ruttenber's History. 
 
 t See "Railroad Men of America," 
 
 in Magazine of Western Uistorv^ Marcli, 
 
 In the .Summer of 1S53 ,Mr. Ramsdell was elected President of the 
 company, and he immediately (lev(.tcd himself to the discharge of the 
 great responsibilities thus laid upon him. A difiiculty in the location 
 and management of the road had been caused by undue .State pride, 
 which had led the Legislature of New York, in granting the charter 
 of the road, to limit its termini to points within the State— Piermont 
 m the cast and Dunkirk in the west. It thus encountered at its origin 
 every Winter an embargo which threatened to defeat the object of its 
 construction. For the purpose of obtaining a direct connection with 
 Jersey City, a road was laid from Suffcrn and thence through New 
 
 ; Illustrative o£ this fact, il may be stated tliat after the exhaustion ,.f the 
 second mortgage bonds the only resource for the further prosecution of the 
 work was in the issuing of income bonds to the extent of $8,5oo,cx», which were 
 mainly disposed of at auction in Wall Street, their market value being largely 
 sustained by individual directors as purchasers. " Syndicates " were unknown 
 in those days. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 231 
 
 Jersey- When Mr. Ramsdell assumed the administration of the cor- 
 poration this connection, then just made, was imperfect in many res- 
 pects and without terminal facilities. With rare sagacity he sought 
 relief for his company by the purchase of the Long Dock property, 
 which is substantially the property now owned by the New York, 
 Lake Erie and Western Railroad Company at Jersey City, namely, the 
 lands pierced by the Bergen tunnel, the river front at Pavonia ferry, 
 and the intermediate lands connecting them, a distance of more than 
 two miles through Jersey City. Mr. Ramsdell purchased this prop- 
 erty for about one million dollars, solely on his own account and re- 
 sponsibihty, taking the title in his own name, and keeping the nego- 
 tiations unknown from all save three personal friends in the Board of 
 Directors, in order to enable him to make the purchase at a reason- 
 able price. At the sitting of the Legislature of New Jersey in 1.356, 
 Mr. Ramsdell secured the pas- 
 sage of an act incorporating 
 the Long Dock Company, to 
 which he conveyed the proper- 
 ty, and also obtained another 
 act authorizing the Erie Rail- 
 road Company to purchase 
 and hold lands in Xew Jer- 
 sey, and to finish and com- 
 plete the Paterson and Hud- 
 son River Railroad. In this 
 way a legislative mistake was 
 overcome, and the great thor- 
 oughfare was extended into 
 the business center of t h e 
 great metropolis, and the 
 foundation was laid for ter- 
 minal facilities equal to its 
 then extended and rapidly in- 
 creasing necessities. 
 
 The presidency of the road 
 was resigned by Mr. Ramsdell 
 in July, 1S57, which occasion 
 was seized upon by the board 
 of directors to formally ex- 
 press their opinion of the value 
 of the above described opera- 
 tions. In a letter to him, ex- 
 pressive of their personal es- 
 teem and regret at his depart- 
 ure, they said: 
 
 '■ We desire particularly to ten- 
 der the thanks of the board for 
 that crowninj< service of your ad- 
 ministration, your original concep- 
 tion and judicious purchase of the 
 Long Dock property, which prop- 
 erty, when fully completed and 
 annexed to the Erie Railroad, will 
 constitute an unbroken channel of 
 communication between the im- 
 mense ;?ranaries of the productive West and the markets of 
 tropolis and Europe, so that, while one end of our road 
 
 i of the West, the other end shall discharge and receive its 
 
 RESIDENCE OF H STOCKBRIDGE RAMSDELL— 160 M 
 
 the great me- 
 terminates at 
 
 the lakes and rivers _ 
 
 freight and passengers at the wharf or shipping at the port of New York, an 
 advantage of location, productiveness and economy which is without precedent 
 in the history of railroads, and as long as New York continues the great com- 
 mercial center and distributing point for the commerce of the country, the Erie 
 Railroad must be the great channel of its western transportation." 
 
 It is worthy of mention in this connection that the original estimate 
 of the cost of constructing the Erie Railroad was but 86,000,000. In 
 1885 the aggregate cost of the Erie and its branches exceeded 
 $2oo,oofj,ooo. At that time the company saw tlie need of a further 
 loan to pay for needed improvements and to discharge the floating 
 debt. The whole property, personal, real and mixed, was already- 
 entirely hypothecated, save only the Bergen tunnel, and that for 
 $3,000,000. But 87,000,000 additional was needed, and the security 
 which this Bergen tunnel afforded, was availed of in this hour of 
 need. 
 
 Another idea originated by Mr. Ramsdell was the construction, 
 some twenty-eight or thirty years ago, of the Hawley branch of the 
 Erie, the connecting link between the roads of the Pennsylvania Coal 
 Company and the Erie, by which means the product of the coal beds 
 of Pennsylvania found their way to market and gave a new portion 
 of business to the great line. He procured the passage of the charter 
 l)v the Legislature and the signature of the Governor solely by his 
 own personal influence. Mr. Ramsdell was also influential in 
 promoting the construction of the Newburgh & New York Railroad 
 (Short Cut), between Vail's Gate on the Newburgh branch and Arden 
 on the main line of the Erie— a valuable contributor to the business 
 and convenience of Newburgh. In 1S76, during Mr. Jewett's absence 
 in Europe, Mr. Ramsdell acted as receiver <jf the Erie Road. Dtuing 
 his whole intercourse with the company he never accepted or received 
 
 any fee, commission or reward 
 for the large sums of money 
 which he advanced, or for his 
 endorsements and other finan- 
 cial assistance which he gave, 
 except simply the legal 
 interest. 
 
 In 1S6S-69 the company 
 found itself in urgent need of 
 more ears, to supph- which a 
 company was formed, accom- 
 panied bv a liberal mileage 
 contract guaranteeing a fixed 
 and generous dividend, to the 
 stock of which Mr. Ramsdell 
 was invited to subscribe. This 
 raised the c^uestion of a di- 
 rector deaUng with himself, 
 and upon reflection he propos- 
 ed to furnish his quota of the 
 number of cars required "in 
 trust," their cost to be reim- 
 bursed in forty equal quarterly 
 payments, with interest, the 
 cars to be used and maintain- 
 ed by the company, but to be 
 owned by him till paid for, 
 when they would belong to the 
 company. Accordingly he 
 placed on the road fifty mer- 
 chandise cars at a cost of 
 S40.000, war prices then pre- 
 vailing. Ten years later an 
 ei[uallv urgent need was felt 
 for an increased supply of roll- 
 ing stock, when the basis thus 
 established was found conven- 
 ient for the creation of a num- 
 ber of ■■ Car Trusts," covering 
 a period of five years, under which the want was supplied at an 
 aggregate cost of 810,4.35,100. Mr. Ramsdell was chosen chairman 
 of the trusts, the plan of which he had originated." 
 
 When the New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railroad surveyed its 
 route along llie west shore of the Hudson in i.S.Si, it obtained from 
 the City of Newlnirgh the privilege of building and operating its road 
 ■•in, upon, through and across Front Street and the other streets of 
 the eitv." 
 
 omery Street. 
 
 Tile people were protected from what would have been a 
 grievous imposition, only by Mr. Ramsdcll's ready recognition of 
 a menace to the interests of the town and his prompt action in 
 thwarting it. It was naturally proposed to locate the track along Front 
 Street, which was in itself not radically objected to; but when it was 
 
 t The total numljcr of cars thus furnished may be given in detail as follows: 
 ,no24 box freight cars, 2,550 gondola coal cars, 4,050 twenty-ton coal cars, 300 
 -rain cars, 450 butter and cheese cars, 500 flat cars, 500 stock cars, 1,000 drop 
 g<.ndola cars, 200 refrigerator cars, 20 passenger coaches, ;o passenger locomo- 
 tives and 40 CO 
 
 soHdation locomotives. 
 
NEW BURGH 
 
 realized that the company intended not simply tii make an eeimomKal 
 use of the street, but to monopolize it. a very reasonable antagonism 
 to the plan was aroused. Extensive structures line this thoroughfare, 
 and large business interests are located there, which the building and 
 operating of this railroad as originally intended would have irrepara- 
 bly injured, and even the heaviest land damages that could have been 
 hoped for could not make good the damage to the city's bu.siness and 
 general inconvenience that would in the nature of things have ensueil 
 About three-fourths of the property on the east or river side of tliis 
 street was either owned or represented by Mr. Ramsdcll. and here 
 were concentrated his large business interests, and in addition to lii'- 
 own he represented, bv appointment, the interests of the Erie Com- 
 panv. In opposition to the propi>seil location remonstrances were of 
 no avail, and the only alternative was litigation. Consequently pro- 
 ceedings sxich as are provided for by the general railroad act of the 
 State were resorted to, and a suit was commenced. Engineers were 
 
 Mr. Kanisdell's undertakings have ever been characterized by a 
 spirit of enterprise and accommodation to the public, of which his 
 maintenance and management of the excellent ferry and his spacious 
 covered wharves and commodious storehouses are an example. In 
 many public movements in his life-time his financial abdity and talents 
 liave been leading factors, while even his works of a more private 
 eharacter have been such as necessitating the employment of labor 
 on a large scale and the consequent distribution of capital, have tend- 
 ed to promote business interests generally. Beginning in iSOo he was 
 for a nundier of years president of the Washington Iron Works com- 
 pany, whicli in 1S65 covered an area of twenty acres, with nearly 
 twelve hundred feet of water-front, and manufactured boilers, en- 
 gines, car-wheels and general machinery. An approximate idea of 
 the extent of this business may be obtained from the fact that its pay- 
 roll amounted to S6(j,ooo a month, or about S700.000 ^ year. Fire 
 destroved a considerable jiortion <.f the works, and part was removed 
 
 I - 
 
 STOREHOUSE OF THE HOMER RAMSDELL TRANSPORTATION COMPANY. AND STEAMER "HOMER RAMSDELL.' 
 
 employed to establisli another line, and notwithstanding what were 
 considered almost insurmountable obstacles, made greater by the 
 limit of fifteen days allowed for the work, it was performed, and sub- 
 stantially the present location was made, which the West Shore Com- 
 pany adopted without any further litigation. Thus the city was saved 
 from a serious marring feature, and some of its most important in- 
 terests were spared. 
 
 To keep pace with the increased progress in transportation, in 
 1886 Mr. Ramsdell found it necessary to return to the use of steam in 
 the forwarding business in which he has been engaged for half a 
 century, and placed on the route between Newburgh and New York 
 two fast steamers, constituting a morning and evening express line 
 and affording the public express freight accommodations unsurpassed 
 by any other water or freight line in the country. Two of tlicsc boats 
 were built expressly for the line, and modeled for speed and carrying 
 capacity. One of them, the steel propeller Homer Ramsdell, was 
 built entirely in Newburgh, and affords a fine illustration of the cn])a- 
 bilities of the builders and artisans of the place. 
 
 by the West Shore Railroad. .Since 1S70 it has lieen leased by Mr. 
 Ramsdcll to William Wright. Mr. Ramsdell was vice president and 
 director of the company, formed in 1S44 with a capital of Sioo. 000, 
 wdiich erected the Newburgh Steam Mills, giving employment to 
 hundreds of hands. He Avas one of the first board of directors of the 
 Newburgh Cias-Light Company, organized in 1851 with a capital of 
 ,$65,000. lie was president of the company, formed in 1S50, which 
 built and operated the Newburgh and Ellenville Plank Road. In 
 these and many other ways by the employment of his capital has he 
 1>een useful lo his community. He has been intimatelv identified with 
 the various local institutions of Newburgh, and a prompt contributor 
 to the elevating movements of the day. He sees from afar the results 
 to be obtained only by a long train of operations, and combines in a 
 marked degree the faculty of perceiving the practical relation of 
 things with a skillful use of the means at his command. As an evi- 
 dence of his interest in his home town, it may be mentioned that he 
 was a member of the Board of Village Trustees from 1S44 to 1S51 in- 
 clusive, and from 1S61 to 1863 inclusive. In 1861 he was president of 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 233 
 
 y>7-/r- c. 
 
 iTEAMER NEWBURliH, 
 
 FISHKILL LANDING AND FERRY APPOINTMENTS. 
 
2 34 
 
 N H W 1-i I ) K G 1 1 
 
 the village, hi i».>litics hu \\;is originally a \\'lii;<, liut iipun the ilis- 
 scilutiun of that part)' he beeame a Demoerat. Ilis reliijious allilia- 
 tion is with the Kpiseopal Cliureh. For many years he has been an 
 offieer uf St. George's, and is now .Senior Wanlen. lie lias hail a 
 creditable part in all the work of that ehnreh, and was a leading 
 spirit in the bnilding of the Cluireh of the (li.od Slu'pherd. 
 
 Homer Ramsdell is one of those men of whom it ean be said, he 
 has grown old graeet'uUy and with dignity. While more than four 
 score — " full of years, full of riehes. and full of honors" — he is still 
 HI the possession of unusual menial faeulties, and w bile not compelled 
 to do so, he has in a measure retired from tliose intense activities 
 which characterized his career, and entered U|ion that serene and sat- 
 isfying rest which seems the appropriate reward of a well-spent life. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ramsdell have had the following sons and daughters; 
 (i) ilary L. P., born March 23, 1836, died July 29, 1.S41; (2) Frances 
 J., (married Major George \V. Rains); (3) Thomas 1'.; (4) James A. 
 P.; (5) Henry Powell; (6) Homer S. (married Maud, daughter of 
 David M, Clarkson), and (7) Leila R. 
 
 -N^V** 
 
 THOMAS POWELL FOWLER, President of the New York, 
 Ontario and Western Railway Company. Among the many Newburgh 
 men who have come prominently before the public and who have at- 
 tained high honor and distinction for sterling qualities and native tal- 
 ent, few are better known or more generally respected in railroad 
 circles, or have been more successful in the legal profession, than the 
 subject of this brief sketch. He was born in Newburgh, October 
 26, 1851. His father, Isaac Sebring Fowler, was a descendant of 
 Isaac Fowler, who settled near this city in 1747. His mother, Mary 
 Ludlow Powell, was the daughter of Robert Ludlow Powell, who 
 was the son of Thomas Powell, long prominent in the affairs i>f the 
 Empire State, and one of the most successful men of his time. His 
 great-grandmother, Mary Powell, was in every \yay a remarkable 
 woman; she was possessed of great talent and judgment, which were 
 much appreciated in society. Her name is inseparably linked with 
 the steam navigation of the Hudson River, and is familiar as a house- 
 hold word with the oldest as well as the youngest traveler on Amer- 
 ican steamboats. 
 
 Mr. Fowler's childhood was spent at Newdjurgh. He received his 
 early education at Siglar's school, Newburgh, and College Hill, 
 Poughkeepsie, after which he studied abroad for nearly two years, 
 spending most of his time in Germany. Returning to New York, he 
 entered the banking house of Morton, Bliss & Co., then Morton, 
 Burns & Co., where he acquired a general knowledge of linancial af- 
 fairs. We next find him studying law under Prof. Theo. I). Dwight, 
 at the Columbia College law school. He entered the junior class of 
 that institution October 21, 1872. He pursued a full course of study, 
 graduating in ilay, 1.S74, and receiving the degree of P,achclor of 
 Laws. Prof. iJwight speaks of him as follows; 
 
 " While in the law school, he was distinguished for the qualities fitting him 
 to be a successful lawyer. He showed a very clear and diseriminatinK mind, 
 apt to learn, ability to grasp and .solve knotty legal questions, thoroughness 
 in preparation, and great self possession and self control. He was greatly es- 
 teemed by his instructors and class mates, and graduated with high distinction. 
 I always looked for great success on his part in the profession, and have not the 
 smallest doubt that had he remained in it he would have reached its highest 
 positions. Having among his other qualities an eminently practical mind, he 
 became at an early day versed in railroad questi<jns, while his advice and 
 counsel were eagerly sought for and highly valued. F"rom Mr. Fowler's natural 
 ability, legal acquirements and sound judgment, I do not believe that tliere is 
 any man in the country better fitted to conduct one of our great railroad en- 
 terprises more hfinorably and successfully than he." 
 
 Since his admission to practice, few members f)f the New York bar 
 have been so successful in the commercial branch of their professirm. 
 Mr. Fowler has been prominently identified with a large number of 
 cases. lie has personally conducted intricate legal matters and nc- 
 .gotiations for the late William H. Vanderbilt and other distinguished 
 Americans. He is known also to have rendered legal services for 
 James JIcHcnry, Henry Labouchere and Edmund Yates, of London. 
 England, as well as for leading continental capitalists. 
 
 Mr. Fowler was employed by President Gowen, of the Philadel- 
 phia and Reading, in many legal struggles with the New Jersey Cen- 
 tral Company and other corporations. Also by the late President 
 
 lievcrcu-x, of llic Clcvelaml, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis 
 Railroad. In all of these important suits he has shown the posses- 
 sion of (|iialilicalioiis, wdiich have won him an enviable reputation for 
 prol'cssioii;d cllicicncy. 
 
 In i.s.Si .Mr. Iw.wlcr was elected director of the Shenango and Alle- 
 gheny Railroad. In rSS4 we find him a director of the West Pennsyl- 
 vania and Shenango Connecting Railroads. On March 15, of same 
 year, lie was apjiointcd receiver of the Shenango and Allegheny Rail- 
 road and the Mercer Coal and Iron Co. On March 31 following, Mr. 
 lA.wdcr was elected director of the New York, Ontario, and Western. 
 In 1,886 he was elected President. He has also served as director in 
 the Boards of the East Tennessee, \'irginia ami Georgia Railroad 
 and other corporations. 
 
 No higher tribute could l)e paid to anyone than the following, 
 wdiich is taken from the report of R. B. Carnahan, Master of the 
 
 THOMAS POWELL FOWLEB. 
 
 United States Circuit Court, on the management of the Shenango 
 and Allegheny Railroad by Mr. Fowder as receiver; 
 
 " The duties of the Receiver are laborious, responsible and require the exer- 
 cise not only of care and good judgment in the mana.gement of the railroad and 
 property, but of unusual caution and tact in the circumstances in which the 
 Recei\'er was placed, unci by which the property was surrounded. All the 
 evidence in the case has satislied the Master that the operations of the railroad 
 and the mana.gement of the property of the defendant company were conducted 
 with skill, ability, energy and good judgment. The Special Master is satisfied 
 and has found above that the Receiver has discharged the duties of his trust 
 with ability, skill and fidelity, and no one is found or contes forward alleging 
 the contrary." 
 
 The intelligence and fidelity which Mr. Fowler has shown in his 
 various positions, reinforced by the experience gained therein, will 
 doubtless carry him to a much higher one in the railroad world. 
 Standing as he is on the very threshold of his career, he ean but feel 
 an honor;iblc degree of priile in the imiiortance and responsibility of 
 the duties now devolving upon him as chief executive officer of the 
 New York, Ontario and Western. Mr. Fowler occupies his country- 
 place in the Yillage of Warwick during the Summer months. In 1S76 
 he married IsabcUe, eldest daughter of Benjamin F. Dunning, an em- 
 inent New York lawyer and for many years a partner of Chas. O'Conor. 
 
MANUFACTURING. 
 
 The Leading; Productive Industries of Newburgh Illustrated and Described, 
 
 and the Men Who Manage Them. 
 
 HE WHITEHILL ENGINE AND PICTET ICE MA- 
 CHINE COMPANY, Robert Whitdiill. PrL-siik-m; 
 ^Villiam C. Dornin, X'icu-President; Lewis .M. Smith, 
 Treasurer; Clarence Whitehill, Secretary. This 
 large and representative establishment, fnrmerly 
 known as the Xewburgh Steam Engine Works, was 
 founded in 1S24. For many years it occupied the prem- 
 ises on the northeast and northwest corners of (Jrand Street and 
 Broadway. The building of the present extensive works was begun 
 in 1SS3, and the foimdry portion was occupied the following year. 
 The machine shops were completed in December, 1S90, since which 
 time the entire business has been conducted there. The premises oc- 
 
 cupy the entire block bounded bv South William, Johnes, Kdwaril 
 and Lafayette Streets, and the brick buildings cover three sides 
 of the block, and have a total frontage of 840 feet. The machine- 
 shop on Edward Street is 330x60 feet, one-half of it being two stories 
 and the other half three stories in height. The foundry including the 
 chemical works has 310 feet on Johnes Street. On the .South William 
 Street side the building has a width of 200 feet, including the ofhees, 
 chemical-works, pattern, storage and draughting-rooms. The chem- 
 ical-works are in a portion of the building 65x50 feet in size. The 
 series of buildings surround a court and constitute what is generally 
 conceded to be one of the most complete engineering plants in the 
 countr\-. There is but one entrance leading to the \'arious depart- 
 
 r 
 
 /HITEHILL ENGINE AND PICTET ICE MACHINE COMPANY'S WORKS, 
 
 [■^351 
 
236 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 237 
 
 ^ 1^^- 
 
 ments. This provides a simple and complete system of supervising 
 the details of the whole work. Everything that goes into the place 
 or comes out must pass the offices. The whole work is divided into 
 departments so that there is a place for everything, and the manage- 
 ment is such that everything is in its place. Near the machine-shop 
 are the draughting-room, pattern-shop, storerooms, stock-room and 
 blacksmith-shop. At one side, utiHzing the southwest portion of the 
 second floor, is the storeroom for patterns, where patterns which 
 have been once put in place can be readily found. In the machine- 
 shop is an electric elevated railway-crane capable of lifting from 
 40,000 to 50,000 pounds. It is arranged to travel upon steel rails a 
 distance of 240 feet lengthwise of the shop. It is operated by three 
 electric motors which are controlled by three levers in the "pilot- 
 house" of the crane. In the foundry is a cupola of 55,000 pounds ca- 
 pacity. 
 
 The above named company was organized in iSgo, with a capital 
 of $500,000. It manufactures steam engines, ice-making and refri- 
 gerating machines, iron and brass 
 castings and general machinery, 
 and gives employment to about 250 
 men. The ice machines are made 
 on the Pictet process, in which the 
 basis of action is anhydrous sulphur- 
 ous oxide, which is generally ac- 
 knowledged to be the most exped- 
 ient, economical and satisfactory 
 principle.* It is a chemical noted 
 for its low-working pressure, is of 
 itself a lubricant, and does not in- 
 jure anv of the metals; its low 
 pressure is a guarantee against ex- 
 plosion. It is a safe article for stor- 
 age and shipment, its tendency being 
 to extinguish rather than cause fire. 
 The entire machine is set up in the 
 works before shipment and tested 
 at 150 pounds air pressure, though 
 the maximum pressure ever required 
 is only 6S pounds. Owing to the 
 low pressure employed the machine 
 is practically indestructible. Ma- 
 chines of six tons and upward have 
 Whitehill Corliss engines, with auto- 
 matic cut-off and regulator. AVith 
 ever}' machine is furnished a suffic- 
 ient quantity of anhydrous sulphur- 
 ous o.xide and ice cans or moulds suf- 
 ficient to make daily the guaranteed 
 product of ice, and they also attach 
 to machines of four tons capacity 
 and upwards their improved exhaust 
 steam condenser, making distilled 
 water for producing transparent ice. This modern industry supplies 
 a thorough and economical prrx.ess of refrigeration. It is adapted 
 not only to making ice, but for pork-packing houses, cold-storage, 
 breweries, chocolate-houses and for other purposes. In many cases 
 the amount paid for ice during one, two or three years will cover the 
 cost of refrigerating machinery. 
 
 The steam engines manufactured by the company are generally 
 of the Corliss type, but with various improvements, notably the re- 
 leasing mechanism designed by Charles A. Dixon, the superintendent 
 of the works. They are made in all sizes from 40 to 2,000 horse 
 
 "^ETtT^t from ,2th Volume, Mth Edition, Encychpad.u Hri/u,utica, pp.f..,, 
 614. After mentioning the danger of explo.sion as one of the great disadvantages 
 of the use of ammonia in ice machines, the article says: ".Sulphurous oxide, 
 first employed as a refrigerating agent by PlCTF.T, of Geneva, 
 many respects far superior to any other known refrigerator, 
 easily liquefied than ammonia and methylic (Jher; * * 
 cal action upon metals or fats; it is incombustible; it is obtainable at small ex- 
 pense, and it has, besides, good lubricating properties, in short, it seems to pos- 
 sess all the essentials of an efficient and economical refrrgerator. 
 
 Thus, It 
 it has no 
 
 ehemi- 
 
 power, non-condensing, condensing, compound, horizontal or vertical, 
 single (jr in pairs, and are fully guaranteed to equal any in economy, 
 strength, finish and weight. All parts of the engine are made strictly 
 to gauge and templets, so that any part can be quickly replaced to fit 
 any engine of its style and size. The trade of the company extends 
 through all sections of the United States and Canada, while ice-mak- 
 ing and refrigerating machines and other specialties are shipped to 
 Mexico, Cuba, Central and South America, India and Australia. The 
 works are not only a credit to the city, but are of a high representa- 
 tive character. 
 
 ROBERT WHITEHILL, tlie President of the company, is virtu- 
 ally the founder of the works in their new development. His history 
 bears with it, as another has said, " the lesson which many young 
 men fail to appreciate — the lesson of the necessity of fitting them- 
 selves for any opportunity which may cross their career. This les- 
 son may be read in books, but is best impressed by living examples 
 
 that mav be known and seen by all 
 men, and of which Mr. Whitehill is 
 a type. That he is a man of energy 
 and intelligence need not be said, 
 nor that he is a substantial and use- 
 ful citizen, for the evidences of these 
 qualifications are in the results which 
 he has accomphshed, and these re- 
 sults are the jewels that so fittingly 
 adorn his character and give him Ins 
 rank as a business man." Mr. 
 Whitehill was born in Glasgow, 
 Scotland, June i, 1S45, the son of 
 Hugh and Jeannette Murray White- 
 hill, who were also natives of Scot- 
 land. He was brought to this coun- 
 try in 1847, at which time his parents 
 settled at Wappingers Falls. Ten 
 years later he removed with his 
 parents to Xewburgh, was graduat- 
 ed from the ^\cademy, and entered 
 active life as a book-keeper and 
 cashier in New York City. The 
 work that was born with him, how- 
 ever, asserted its mastery, and he 
 soon entered the foundry of Stanton, 
 Mallf)ry & Co. , to learn the trade of 
 a machinist. He remained there un- 
 til the suspension of the firm, and 
 (luring that period with his father's 
 assistance he invented a machine 
 for sizing and dressing cotton-yarn, 
 and put it m operation at the New- 
 burgh Steam Mills, of which his 
 father was superintendent. Sub- 
 sequently he engaged as a journeyman with the Novelty Iron 
 Works of New York, where he acquired valuable experience in con- 
 structing and erecting the machinery of steamships. A year later he 
 entered the United States Navy as third assistant engineer. 
 
 In 1865 he returned to Ncwburgh and rented a portion of the 
 steam-engine works of Corwm, Stanton & Co., and for five years 
 thereafter was engaged, with his father as a partner, in the manu- 
 facture of his patented machinery. The changes which then occurred 
 in the Corwin foundry gave opportunity for an association with Lewis 
 M. Smith and the laying of the foundations of the industry of which 
 he is the head. He is also interested in the Chadborn & Coldwell 
 manufactory of lawn mowers, and altogether he a very important 
 factor in the development and prosperity of the city. For several 
 years he was President of the Board of Trade, and in that rela- 
 tion as well as through his private business connections, he is ever 
 striving for the up-1)uilding of Newburgh. In the years 1S71 and 1S72 
 he represented the Second Ward in the Common Council, and was 
 President of the Board in the latter year. 
 
 ROBERT WHITEHILL 
 
2 38 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 DEr: _E OF ROBEK' 
 
 THE CHADBORN & COLDWELL MANUFACTURING COM- 
 PANY, Robert Whitehill, PresKlunt; Lewis M. Smitli, Treasurer; 
 Edwin T. Smith, Secretary. This is (.ne of the oldest and lars;est 
 concerns engaged in the manufacture of lawn-mowers in this country. 
 Their machines are sold in every civilized country in the world. A 
 branch house is located in London. Kngland. and agencies are estab- 
 lished in all the principal cities in Europe, America and Australia. 
 Their machines have received the highest awards at many test trials. 
 Ijoth in England and America, at the International Expositions at 
 Philadelphia, Paris and Vienna, and also at nearly every State fair 
 in the United States. 
 
 We understand that the lirst lawn-mower was brought from ICng- 
 land about 1850 Ijy Henry Winthrop Sargent, of Fishkill-on-the- 
 Hudson, N. V. About two years later Horatio N. Swift, then of 
 Newburgh, commenced manufacturing, and doubtless was the first 
 manufacturer of lawn-mowers in the United States. Subsequently he 
 established a machine-shop at Matteawan, N. \., and manufactured 
 a few mowers each year in connection with a general machine bus- 
 iness. These machines were a close copy of the English machine 
 owned by Mr. Sargent. The smallest mower Mr. Swift made was a 
 fourteen-inch, which weighed about one hundred and lifty pounds, 
 and sold for $(".5; and the largest (a horse-mower) was a forty-two- 
 meh machine, and sold for more than three hundred ilollars. They 
 were cumbersome aird complicated, as well as costly, and only about 
 two hundred were manufactured each year. During the year iSTi.S- 
 69 several patents were granted to citizens of this country for im- 
 provements in lawn-mowers, and the subject of their manufacture 
 was brought to the attention of some parties in this city, who com- 
 menced their manufacture in a small way, producing the Excelsior 
 Roller Mower, which was a great improvement over any lawn-mower 
 previously introduced to the public in this country. The lirm of Chad- 
 born, Coldwcll & Co. was formed, and operations commenced in a 
 
 room in the Washington Iron Works on South Water Street, in this 
 city. The total amount I'l their business the first year was about 
 82,500. This mower received favorable attention, and it became 
 apparent that eventually there would be a large demand for such a 
 machine throughout the country. 
 
 On January i, 1870, the Chadborn & Coldwcll Manufacturing Com- 
 pany was organized with three stockholders, viz. , George L. Chadborn, 
 Thomas Coldwell and Lewis M. Smith. The capital stock was 84,000, 
 and the company was incorporated at that time. The stock was sub- 
 sequently increased to $So,ooo, and m July, 1S91. was further in- 
 creased to Si 10,000. In 1.S70 the company rented the basement of the 
 large building on the northeast corner of High Street and Broadway, 
 and made use of a room in the building on the corner of Colden Street 
 and Broadway for a paint shop. As their business increased their 
 plant was enlarged, until we find them occupying the entire building 
 at the corner of High Street, which they subsequently purchased for 
 their own use. In 1S7:; they inirchased the stock, patents and good- 
 will of .Mr. Swift in his lawn-mower business. They continued to 
 manufacture the i:xcelsi.>r roller and h.irse mowers, each year in- 
 creasing their business until 1S7S, wdien they began the manufacture 
 of the Excelsior Side-wheel Mower, and from that time they have 
 made a variety of patterns as new improvements have been evolved 
 and the demand for special machines has arisen. 
 
 There are few industries that have increased so rapidly as that of 
 the manufacture of lawn-mowers in this country. Twenty-two years 
 ago two or three hundred manufactured in this country, and a few 
 imported from England, supplied the demand. Now the Chadborn & 
 Coldwcll Manufacturing Company alone manufacture upwards of 
 twenty thousand annually, and soon with increased facilities, they 
 expect to make in their new factory thirty thousand each year. 
 
 After <iccupying their present fact. .ry for twenty years, the com- 
 pany purchascl, in 1S91, a piece of ground, >,n the s.uithwcst corner 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 '-39 
 
 of Lafayette and Johnes Streets, for a larger factory. Here they 
 erected a building having a frontage on Lafayette Street of loo feet 
 and on Johnes Street a depth of iSo fecL This structure is of brick, 
 four stories high, heavily timbered and built in the most substantial 
 manner, and no expense has been spared to make it complete in 
 every particular. The prmcipal exterior features arc an ornamental 
 tower im the northeast corner, and a chimncv .S5 Icct high at the 
 south end. The floor surface of each story contains about 12,000 
 square feet, and the ceiling in the machine-shop is sufficiently high to 
 make it light and healthy for the operatives. The office is located on 
 the north side in the L part of the structure and is finished in hard 
 wood. 
 
 Patterns of lawn-mowers are manufactured bv this company in 
 large variety. Among those most favorably known lo the trade are 
 the "New Model." "New Model High Wheel," the "(). K.," the 
 
 improvements adapted to the high wheel from which it derives its 
 name. The material and workmanshi]) on this pattern of mower are 
 the best that can be obtamed, and the machine is most durable and 
 efficient. 
 
 The "(). K," mower is of more recent origin than the "New 
 Model," and was made U> meet the demand from certain portions of 
 the country where a less expensive machine is required. It has been 
 thoroughly tested, and has proven to be a desirable machine for cut- 
 ting grass. The revolving cutter has steel blades, steel shaft and 
 malleable flanges; the journals have a new device for taking up the 
 wear, which can be readily adjusted. The quality of the machine is 
 unquestioned, and it has met with a large sale, although but latch- 
 put on the market. 
 
 The " Rival" is the latest mower this company has oifered to the 
 trade. It is made with three blades in the revolving cutter, built in 
 
 
 i&lsSSBfcic' 
 
 
 11 
 
 *-r S:iia 
 
 ^ ti If 
 
 Mm 
 
 ft- ff rN'fP f»? If? ^ ^' ^ fn» 'Ff'W flS' ^ f li 
 -1 't i!" rr BE cB m M PPttfp. fr Lr rPii '^'U**-- t 
 
 
 CHADBORIl & COLD//ELL MANUFACTURING ..OMPAN.S FACTORY, 
 
 -Rival," "Excelsior Roller" and "Excelsior Horse" huvn-mowers. 
 The "New Model" mower combines every improvement that more 
 than a score of years' experience as lawn-mower manufacturers can 
 suggest or mechanical skill devise. For simplicity, durability and 
 quatity of work it is unequalled, while for lightness of draft it excels 
 by a large percentage any other lawn-mower made. The company 
 guarantee every claim they make, and warrant every machine they 
 send out from their factory. , » ,, 
 
 The "New Model High Wheel" was brought out '"'f '-■•;';'. ^1; 
 ply a demand for a first-class lawn-mosver which would cut h.ghc, 
 grass than the ordinary machine. Its driving-wheels arc ten inches 
 in diameter, and the revolving cutter is si., inches ,n 'l'''i"i'^te, 
 has all the excellent quahties of the " New Model, together w,lh the 
 
 a substantial manner, and is calculated to do (.-qually as effective 
 work as any mower manufactured, although sold at a low price. The 
 especial features of the mower are the simple manner of adjustment 
 and the concave stationary knife, which presents its cutting edge in 
 such a manner as to practically sharpen itself by means of contact 
 with the bhulcs of the revolving cutter. 
 
 The " Excelsior Roller" mower has been on the market so many 
 years that it has become a household word, so to speak, among gar- 
 deners, horticulturists and gentlemen who desire to keep their lawn 
 looking like a picture. This mower is especially adapted to cutting 
 bcjrdcrs, and the machine, by reason of the iron roller, has more 
 weight than cjther lawn-mowers, and thus keeps close to the ground, 
 avoiding the irregular appearance one often sees in a lawn after the 
 
240 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 241 
 
 RAILROAD 4^ WATER 
 
 •:r COMMUNICATION-?^ 
 
 WITH 
 
 NEWBURGIL N. Y. 
 
 
 [my^ 
 
 grass IS ctit by a light mower. A large number of 
 these mowers are exported every year, as they meet 
 with a ready sale in countries formerly supplied with 
 English machines only, the American mower being 
 preferred because of its lightweight. The "Excel- 
 sior Horse" mower is in use in numerous pubhc 
 parks, on college lawns, government grounds and on 
 private estates throughout this and other countries. 
 The side-draft attachment which is furnislied with 
 this mower allows the horse to walk on the cut grass, 
 thus avoiding tramping the grass down. The sec- 
 tional castor-wheel is also an improvement over the 
 old pattern wheel, as it permits the grass to pass be- 
 tween the wheels and does not roll it down. 
 
 The patterns of lawn-mowers are varied according 
 to tlie country in which they are to be used. In 
 England, \\-here the grass is of a wirey character, 
 and the atmosphere charged with moisture, the grass 
 is cut much closer than in America, consequently 
 the mowers for England are made with a greater 
 number of blades in the revolving cutter, and cut 
 close to the ground. Many make use of a box at- 
 tached t(. the mower for collecting the cut grass, as it 
 is Udt necessary t.i allow the grass to remain on the 
 ground and protect the roots from the rays of the sun, 
 as is done generally in this country. Although Eng- 
 land has been making lawn-mowers for probably sixty 
 years, she is now importing large numbers of various 
 patterns from America, and the demand is con- 
 tmually increasing. We believe that the lawn-mower 
 business of the Chadborn & Coldwell .Manufacturing 
 Company at this time exceeds any other of the kind m 
 the wcjrld, and their machines are acknowledged as 
 the standard for lawn-mowers. 
 
 LEWIS M. SMITH was born January S, 1S33, at 
 Monticello, Sullivan County, N. Y. When six years 
 old he moved with his parents to Hudson, N. Y., 
 where he attended the public school and Hudson 
 Academy. His father died in 1S46 ; then the family 
 returned to Monticellii. July 15, 184S, he came to 
 Newburgh, and f(jund employment as a clerk in the 
 hard^Yare store of the late James S. Brown (now 
 known as No. 6q ^^'ater Street), where he remained 
 until 1863. During this time, in 1S55, he estabhshed a 
 sash and blind factory and planing-mill on South 
 Water Street, near Washington Street, where he con- 
 ducted the business for five years; when he formed a 
 co-partnership with William H. Wood under the firm 
 name of L. M. Smith & Co. In 1863 the firm engaged 
 in the manufacture of box and cattle cars for the 
 Atlantic and Great Western Railroad Company, now 
 known as the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio 
 Railroad, and carried on this business for three years, 
 when the plant was destroyed by fire. The firm then 
 purchased the business of James S. Brown, Mr. Wood 
 retiring January i. 1867. In 1870 Charles J. Lawson 
 became a partner in the business, and on August 1, 
 iS-i, he Ixiuglit out iVIr. Smith's interest. In the 
 meantime (iSO<j) Jlr. Smith became interested with 
 the lirm of Chadliorn, Coldwell & Co. in the manu- 
 facture of lawn-mowers, then in its infancy. A stock 
 company was organized for the manufacture of these 
 machines January i, 1870, and ilr. Smith was elected 
 Treasurer, which position he still retains. 
 
 September i, 1871, he purchased the interest of 
 Amos R. Wood in the Newburgh Steam Engine 
 Works, and the firm was known as Whitehill, Smith 
 & Co. The business, after being carried on for 
 
24: 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 twcntj- years, was absorbed in iSgi by a corporation known as tlir 
 Whitehill Engine and Pietet lee Maehine Company, of wbieh Mr. 
 Smith is Treasnrer, These two interests have occupied a large por- 
 tion of his time and attention. The lawn-mower business particularly 
 has received his special attention, and from small beginnings he has 
 been instrumental in making it one oi the largest industries of its 
 kind in this or any other conntr\-. In iSi|o Mr. Smitli, in connection 
 with Robert Whitehill and Uanicl S. Waring, pnrchascil tlic Walsh 
 paper-mill pmpurtv on Ouassaick Creek, where they established a 
 factory for manufacturing artificial ice. 
 
 Although Jlr. Smith is a very busy man, he still finds time to give 
 attention to matters connected with the welfare of our city, and takes 
 more than a passing interest in the duties devol\-ing upon all good 
 citizens. He was City Treasurer in iS(i9-7o; a commissioner of the 
 Water Board in 1S75-7C; a mendjcr of the Hoard of Education fri>ni 
 iSSi to 1SS9, and was for live years its President. It was during Mr. 
 Smith's incumbency that the new academy was erected, and Presi- 
 dent Smith presided both at the farewell to the old academy and at 
 the dedication of the new academy. l"or twenty-seven years he has 
 been a trustee of the First Baptist Church of this city, and also a 
 member of the Standing Committee. Fc^r nineteen years he was 
 superintendent of the Sunday school. He was President of the 
 Young .Men's Christian Association in iSSS-90, and for a number of 
 years has been one of the directors. His connection with the fire de- 
 partment commenced with his joining Washington Engine Company, 
 Xo. 4, in earlv life. He has been Treasurer of the Newburgh Fire 
 Department Fund for nineteen years, and still holds that office. He is 
 also Vice-President of the State Council of the Order of American 
 Firemen. Mr. Smith was one of the incorporators and has ever since 
 been a trustee of Woodlawn Cemetery, and was its first Treasurer. 
 
 ".. i^r'flk.: 
 
 LEWIS M. SMITH. 
 
 bodies. At this time(rS9i)hc is Master of Newdnirgh Lodge, and 
 also President of the Masonic Hall Association. 
 
 In politics Mr. Smith has always been a IJemocrat and taken ac- 
 tive iiart in the affairs of that party. He has been several times 
 cliairman of the County Committee, an>l has often been solicited to 
 
 trustee of 
 
 He is also a director of tjic lligldand National Hank, : 
 Washington's Headquarters. 
 
 Mr. Smith was made a Master Mason in Ncwkjurgh Lodge, No. 
 309, F. and A. M., April 17, 1S63. He is also a member i.f tlie Chap- 
 ter and the Commandery, and has held various offices in all of those 
 
 RtjiLLIJ^L or lEVv-IS M. smith -162 Grand Sucet 
 
 permit his name to be used for various local offices, but with few 
 exceptions, he has declined. 
 
 Mr. Smith was married September 6, 1.S55, to Sarah E., daughter 
 of Isaac Martin, and has six sons: Lewis M., Jr., is connected with 
 the Whitehill Engine and Pietet Ice Machine Ccjmpany; Edwin T., 
 who is the secretary of the Chadborn \- Coldwell Manufacturing 
 Company; Henry IM., Oeorgc K., William L. and Nathaniel D. 
 
 WILLIAM WRIGHT, inventor and constructing engineer. This 
 gentleman ranks as one of the foremost men of his time in the field 
 of steam-engineering. He invented early in his career improvements 
 which revolutionized the construction of the steam engine, and though 
 another secured for a time the public credit therefor, the genius of 
 Mr. Wright is now recognized and honored. For many years he has 
 been manufacturing in this city, principally, his patent automatic cut- 
 olT engine, which is known all the world over. 
 
 This engine is built uprm ;i si>lid easl-ir.in bud plate. The eylindcr is fitted 
 with an automatic expansiun valve-fi:ear, and tile point of cut-off is determined 
 by the ^'overnor. The portion of the frame which in ordinary engines is devoted 
 I 'I the usual flat side, consists of a liollow cylinder arranged concentrically with 
 the slcam cylinder, and serves as :i guide for the crosshead, the guiding cylinder 
 being simply bored out to receive the crosshead. There are lateral openings in 
 this cylindrical guiding portion of tlie frame, in order that ;ieeess may be had to 
 the crosshead and stuffing-box of the piston-rod. This combination conduces to 
 simplicity, strength and economy in the construction of the frame. The steam 
 cylinder itself rests on a separate bed plate, to which it is securely boltetl, the 
 bottom of which is at the same level with the pillow block and of the bed plate. 
 The cylinder-foot carries all necessary rocker-shafts for the valve gear. There 
 are four valves, known as the gridiron slide valves, which work vertically in 
 chests cast with the cylinder, two up<:(n one side being for induction or cut-off, 
 and tw<j upon the opposite side being for eduction or exhaust steam. The steam 
 valves are V shaped, partly balanced valves, with correspondingly shaped 
 valve seats, which are bolted separately to the cylinder by composition bolts. 
 All valve moti<»n is derived from a single eccentric, which operates levers so 
 .irranged as to gi\-e r|iiick opening movement to valves when opening, and also 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 HI 
 
 a very slow movement when the valves are lapped. The location of all these 
 valve-faces close to the base of the cylinder, insures the least possible amount 
 of clearance. 
 
 The steam valve-stems are fastened in yokes, which have, at their lower 
 ends, plunRcrs fitted in dash-pot.s, the same acting as guides. The yokes arc 
 operated by steel slides fitted through the ends of hollow rockcr-arms, and 
 which act upon the swinging toes held in the yokes, the said slide having a 
 diagonal slot in which works a feather, this feather being made on a rod which 
 has a longitudinal movement through the hollow rocker-arm and to which the 
 governor is connected. By this longitudinal m.ition and through the diagonal 
 feather and slot, the slide is automatically .set, to engage more or less with the 
 swinging t.ics, and which gives the valves the proper lift and liberates upon the 
 chord of the arch. 
 
 The governor itself stands up..n a bracket or shelf cast ..n the slide part of 
 the bed plate, and the governor-rod is connected to a lever, which is fastened t,. 
 the governor-shaft. This same shaft carries two forked arms, which take hold 
 of the small rods running through the hollow rocker-shaft. The rods are en- 
 larged at their other ends, where they carry the adjustable slides mentioned 
 before. The advantage of this arrangement of valves and valve-gearing is 
 easy accessibility to each valve. By the simple removal of a bonnet, the valves 
 can easily be taken from the T headed valve stems and the valve seats inspected . 
 The very important and desirable fact is that the whole of the valve-gear and 
 governor connections are outside of the steam chests, where any derangement 
 can at once be seen and rectified. 
 
 The steam piston is fitted with steam packing-rings, and a brass shoe reach- 
 ing around the lower half of the piston; which is adjusted by set-.screws to carry 
 the weight of the piston, so that the packing-rings carry their own weight only 
 and can act freely. The piston-rod, crank and cross-head pins, valve-stems 
 and all smaller wrist-pins and all heads of connections are made of steel; all 
 connections have adjustable brass boxes. The cross-head, which is made of 
 castiron, has a large shoe at top and bottom, lined with anti-friction metal, fitted 
 to the bore of the slide, and is adjusted by set-screws to take up the wear. The 
 connecting-rod is made of the best hammered wrought iron, with composition 
 boxes. The crank shaft is made of the best hammered wrought iron. It has 
 long bearings, one in the main bed plate, and one in an outside pillow-block, 
 both lined with anti-friction metal, and the main bearing with adjustable side- 
 boxes. 
 
 Mr. Wright has recently patented an improved rotative valve, 
 which he i.s applying to his latest improved engine. The Wright 
 engines have acquired their wide reputation because of their uni- 
 formly excellent performances. Many of them are used in foreign 
 countries, and numerous testimonials from manufacturers and cor- 
 porations in this country bear evidence to their efficiency, economy 
 and reliabihty. The great engines used on the Brooklyn Bridge 
 were built by Mr. Wright. He also manufactures machinery of 
 various kinds, high and low pressure boilers, and marine as well as 
 stationary engines. The engines of the fast propeller Homer Ram.s- 
 dell were built by Mr. Wright. He has also a large assortment of 
 patterns for hoisting engines, horizontal and vertical blast engines, 
 and wrought-iron work of ever)' description. 
 
 Foi more than twenty years past Mr. Wright has occupied an ex- 
 tensive series of buildings, formerly known as the Washington Iron 
 Works, and employing about 200 men. In 1S90 he began to build 
 new works in the northern part of the city, which are now practically 
 completed and ready for occupation. They are situated on the old 
 Sherman dock property, and have a river frontage of five hundred 
 feet. There is a substantial pier with a frontage of 205 feet and a 
 depth of 350. The West Shore Railroad runs through the premises, 
 and the shops stand on the west side of the tracks. They have thus 
 both rail and water communication at their doors. It is an ideal situ- 
 ation for a manufactory. The buildings are all constructed of brick 
 in a substantial and handsome manner. The largest is exactly 400 
 feet long and 100 wide. The walls are 28 inches thick. The main 
 floor of the south-half of this building contains the principal machine- 
 shop, which is 200 feet long and 100 wide. The roof being supported 
 by trusses, it has a clear floor space, except through the middle where 
 there is a long double line of lathes, with heavy posts to support the 
 shafting and the railroads for the traveling-cranes. These cranes 
 are one of the notable features of the shop. They can pick up and 
 carry 25 tons' weight to any particular place in the room. They cost 
 about Sio,ooo to construct. There are two large pit lathes that cost 
 a like sum. They will turn a wheel 32 feet in diameter and 6 feet 
 face. Besides these there are many smaller lathes, and planers, 
 shapers, drills and a large assortment of tools. A large part of the 
 machinery was designed and built expressly for this shop by Mr. 
 Wright. At the south end of this room, supported by iron rods from 
 
 the roof, is a large gallery on which is a to(,l room and various imple- 
 ments for doing small work. 
 
 Beneath the machine shop is a basement 150 feet in lerigth by 50 
 in width, in which are emery wheels, grindstones, l)olt-cutting ma- 
 chines, etc. There is also a fire pumjj connected with the river and 
 with fire phigs in various parts of the premises. 
 
 In the iKjrth pari of the main building is the foundry, with a clear 
 floor space of 175x100 feet. The floor is filled with moulding-sand, 
 obtained on the premises. The foundry contains a large, new furnace 
 and cupola of the best pattern, besides every convenience for mould- 
 ing and handling large masses of iron. A railway connects it with 
 the machine-shop. In the middle <if the main building are the engine 
 and boiler rooms. The engine has 100 horse-power. 
 
 West of the main building is another which is 150 feet in length, 
 50 in width and two stories high. It contains the smith's shop, pat- 
 tern-shop and stiTcrooms. .South of the main l>tiil(ling is the office, 
 30x40 feet and three stories high. The basement will l)e used for 
 
 WILLIAM WRIGHT 
 
 storage, the main floor for offices, and the third story fi>r drafting- 
 rooms. A boiler-shop will soon be erected on the dock, east of the 
 railroad tracks. There are several fine springs on the premises, which 
 have all been piped into one cistern in the north end of the machine- 
 shop. The establishment is extensive, complete and convenient, and 
 represents an outlay of $150,000. 
 
 William Wright is the son of Jacob Wright, who was born in the 
 Town of I'ishkill, and was tlic son of Joseph Wnglil, a soldier of the 
 Revolution, who was tlic son of William Wright, a civil officer under 
 commission from King George. Jacob Wright married Mary Drake, 
 of the Town of li'ishkill, and moved to Wayne Coimtv, N. Y. His 
 son William, the second of a family i>f Huir cbildren who reached ma- 
 ture years, was born near Newark, N. V., May 17, 1S1.S. Harly in 
 life William manifested a great interest in machinery and a liking for 
 mechanical employments. The steam engine, then in the first stages 
 of its development, especially attracted his attention. His hours out 
 of school were mostly spent " in making something," and even in 
 school the natural direction of his thoughts was indicated by the pic- 
 
244 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 tures of steam engines which he drew <in his slate. The first engine 
 he ever saw was driving a httle foundry at .Marion, a village twelve 
 or fifteen miles from his home. He walked all the way there to see 
 it. That engine gave him an idea of the exterior parts, but not of the 
 inside. The parts which puzzled him most were the valves. Subse- 
 quently a wood-turner of his town purchased a small engine for his 
 shop, and one day at noon, while the engine was idle, young Wright 
 asked the privilege of taking the cover off the steam-chest and look- 
 ing inside. Permission was reluctantly given upon the condition 
 that the cover should be in place again before the time to resume 
 work. By the aid of a monkey-wrench he soon had the interior ex- 
 posed, and after he had seen all he wished he replaced the cover in 
 good season. From the knowledge thus obtained he built from crude 
 materials a steam engine in the cellar of his father's house. Some of 
 the ironwork he made in the blacksmith-shop of a carriage-factory, 
 being assisted by the smith, whom he repaid by blowing his bellows 
 and cutting his cordwood. 
 
 This unusual accompUshment by a boy of his age (he was then 
 only sixteen) attracted the attention of many people, one of whom, 
 John Daggett, a manufacturer of machinery for woolen mills, receiv- 
 
 „f the engine works of Coriiss, Nightingale & Co., which had been 
 estabUshed but a short time before. The CorHss engine had no spec- 
 ial merit over the other machines of that period till Mr. Wnght in- 
 vented the rotative valve, which revolutionized the construction of 
 the steam engine, and gave the Coriiss engine the great prominence 
 it obtained. A few engines had been built, in which the releasing 
 gear invented by Mr. Coriiss had been applied to different forms of 
 sUde valves with more or less satisfaction, mostly less, so far as the 
 practical working of the valve was concerned. Meanwhile the efforts 
 of the inventor were bent in the direction of a valve better adapted to 
 the requirements of his cut-off which had demonstrated its superiority 
 as a means of regulation. At this time an order had been taken for 
 an engine for the Elm Street foundry in Providence, of which the 
 father of William A. Harris, the present head of the engine company 
 of that name, was superintendent. The frame and connections of the 
 beam engine had been made, but the cylinder had been allowed to 
 wait, pending the evolution of an improved valve. Mr. Harris be- 
 came urgent in his demands for delivery, and on April 17, 1849, Mr. 
 Wright approached Mr. Coriiss with the question of the delayed cyl- 
 inder. In the conversation which followed Mr. Wright took up a 
 
 RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM WRIGHT Grand Av 
 
 ed him as an apprentice to learn the machinist trade. He remained 
 with Mr. Daggett two years and a half, then moved to Niagara Falls 
 and worked in the repair shops of the Buffalo and Niagara Falls 
 Railroad. In those days there were few books and no periodicals 
 published on the subject of steam engines. Mr. Wright searched 
 through the bookstores of Buffalo without finding any except a book 
 by John Ericsson on hot-air engines. His next place of employment 
 was at Palmyra, where he worked on a stationary engine till 1842. 
 In the meantime by persistent study and experimenting he had be- 
 come expert both in the theory and practice of engine-building, and 
 after leaving Palmyra he began to build engines at Rochester m con- 
 nection with John Bush. 
 
 In 1845 he invented a rotary engine and moved to Providence, R. 
 I., where he formed a partnership with F. S. Church to bmld it. This 
 business was discontinued at the end of a year. Then for a short 
 period Mr. Wright was employed by a tool company of which William 
 Fields was manager, and which was afterwards merged into the Prov- 
 idence Tool Company, and finally he was engaged as superintendent 
 
 piece of paper and made a sketch of the rotative valve. This sug- 
 gestion was greeted by Mr. Corliss with the statement that if he 
 couldn't have something better than that he wouldn't have anything. 
 Nothing better seems to have offered, however, for thousands of en- 
 gines have been built in this way, and the appliance became univer- 
 sally known as the Corliss valve. 
 
 The original sketch of this valve, drawn by Mr. Wright m 1S49, 
 verified by a fellow-workman, and adopted at that time by Corliss, is 
 still in Mr. Wright's possessicm. He not only designed the valve, but 
 superintended the construction of the first engine to which it was ap- 
 plied, which is still in operation. At a later period Mr. Corliss 
 attempted to enjoin Mr. Wright in the United States Court from em- 
 ploying the principal of automatic cut-off, but failed to maintain a 
 case. 
 
 Mr. Wnght withdrew from the employ of Corliss, Nightingale &■ 
 Co. in 1S50, and after building a large condensing engine for a Water- 
 bury firm he accepted the position of general superintendent of the 
 large engine works of Woodruff & Beach, at Hartford, Ct. During 
 
NEW BURGH. 
 
 245 
 
 the thirteen years he was in that important 
 position Mr. Wright devised a number of 
 improvements, notably another automatic 
 cut-off engine. He invented, patented and 
 superintended the construction and erection 
 of the massive pumping engines for the 
 Brooklyn AViitcr Works, lie also superin- 
 tended the construction and erection of the 
 United States gunboat Kearsarge and other 
 gunboats used in the Rebellion. 
 
 From 1863 to 1866 he was a member of 
 the New York Steam Engine Company, and 
 built the engines of a number of men-of-war. 
 Thus in almost every branch of steam engi- 
 neering he has made his mark. In 1866 
 Mr. Wright obtained further patents, and 
 arranged with the Washington Iron Works, 
 of Newburgh, to construct his engines; but 
 he did not take up his residence in New- 
 burgh till 1870, when he organized the firm 
 of William Wright &• Co. , and purchased the 
 business of the Washington Iron Works. 
 Since 1876 he has conducted the business 
 alone. From time to time his engines have 
 been improved in minor particulars, for his 
 active brain is always devising something 
 new. Few moments has he allowed to es- 
 cape unemployed. He seeks relaxation from 
 business cares in his library, where the 
 latest and best works in general literature 
 and mechanics have a place. In his youth 
 and early manhood he worked under great 
 disadvantages and suffered many discour- 
 agements, but his "mechanical genius, his 
 patient assiduity in his profession, and his 
 industrious habits have advanced him to a 
 prominent place among the inventors of the 
 age." Mr. Wright married in, 1841, Eliza- 
 beth G. Taft, of Victor, N. Y., and has one 
 daughter living. 
 
 THE NEWBURGH STEAM BOILER 
 
 WORKS. This is one of the largest and 
 best equipped boiler works in the State. 
 The business was established in 1S70 by 
 John Boland and Patrick Delany, both of 
 whom had previously been employed at the 
 boiler works of Alexander Cauldwell. Their 
 shop was first located in South Water 
 Street, adjoining Shaw's planing-mill. In 
 1878 Mr. Delany succeeded the old firm, and 
 carried on the business until the first of 
 January, 1890, when he admitted into part- 
 nership Albert N. Chambers, who had been 
 with him since 1878. The place is known 
 as the Newburgh Steam Boiler Works, 
 and the firm name is P. Delany & Co. 
 They have been engaged all these years in 
 the construction of all kinds of boilers, and 
 the United States Government has been a 
 most substantial patron in tlic purchase of 
 the patent whistling buoy, of which they 
 arc the sole manufacturers in this country. 
 The Lighthouse Department is also being 
 constantly supplied by this firm with the 
 different styles of buoys which it uses. 
 
 Their marine boiler work, always con- 
 siderable, has recently become very exten- 
 sive, and almost all of the Hudson River 
 
246 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 NEWBURGH STEAM BOILER WORKS. 
 
 TO. BY ATKINSON. 
 
 rATPi';K ijE'_Arj < 
 
 ALBERT N CHAMBERS. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 H) 
 
 towing lines, besides a great many of the New York liarbor tugs, have 
 boilers in use, and giving thorough satisfaction, which were made by 
 the Newburgh Steam Boiler Works. They make the boilers for the 
 steam vessels built by the Xewburgh shipyard of T. ,S. ilarvel &• Co 
 They also manufacture boilers and tanks, and have done so ever 
 since they first commenced operations in 1S70, for the Whitehill 
 Engine and Pictet Ice Machine Company, of Ncwburgh, formerly 
 the business of Robert Whitehill. 
 
 Many of their boilers, about one hundred a year, are sent to New 
 York and Brooklyn, being in use in nearly all' the large buildings, 
 mercantile houses, hotels, theatres, etc. One of the largest boiler 
 plants erected by them is in the Hudson River State Hospital at 
 Poughkeepsie, consisting of four boilers S feet in diameter and 26 feet 
 long, and two boilers 6'i feet in diameter and 22 feet long. Besides 
 this, large plants of their boilers can be seen at the West Point Mili- 
 tary Academy, at the State Homoeopathic Hospital at Middletown, 
 and almost every factory in Newburgh has from one to five of De- 
 lany & Co.'s boilers. 
 
 The shops of this progressive and enterprising concern now cover 
 25,000 square feet of floor space, being 125 feet wide on Colden and 
 Edward Streets, and 200 feet deep on Renwick Street, extending the 
 depth of the block. The tools used m the manufacture of their 
 specialties are large and expensive, the hydraulic riveting machine 
 alone costing (including the riveting tower) S6,ooo. When it is con- 
 sidered that they possess tools which are capable of punching a six- 
 inch hole out of a steel plate an inch thick, it is easily seen that their 
 equipment of modern tools includes the most elaborate and the best. 
 Traveling-cranes, of fifteen tons capacity, run two hundred feet — 
 the entire length of the shop. One of the newest special tools used 
 by them is a patent drilling machine for drilling the rivet holes in 
 boilers where absolutely perfect work is required and a high press- 
 ure is to be carried on the boilers. This work is also required by the 
 United States Government, in order that boilers mav be allowed the 
 twenty per cent, extra pressure allowed for drilled holes. During 
 the past \-ear their employees averaged one hundred in number, and 
 their j-early pay-roll amounts to about 850,000. Large as the busi- 
 ness is, it is constantly growing. A large addition was made to the 
 works in 1S91. At the present writing the firm is at work on a forty- 
 thousand-dollars' contract for the Consumers' Gas Company of New- 
 burgh. Their work bears a high reputation, and the partners are 
 in excellent repute in every way. 
 
 ■>>N->S 
 
 PATRICK DELANY was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, May 25, 
 1S4:. Ill; lather died when Patrick was very young, and his mother 
 brought her family to America in 1S4S. For a year they lived in 
 New York, and then came to Newburgh. Mr. Delany received a 
 practical education, and entered the employ of Alexander Cauldwell, 
 who then had boiler works here. Mr. Delany learned the trade in 
 every part, and continued in the same employ until 1S70, when he 
 began business on his own account. He is highly regarded in trade 
 circles for his integrity and mechanical skill. He is the patentee of 
 the improved ice buoy used by the United States Government. He 
 is an expert designer and constructor of steam boilers, and has de- 
 signed many for special kinds of work. Mr. Delany is liberal in his 
 charities and helpful to the community. He was elected by the Dem- 
 ocratic party an Alderman from the First Ward in 1S74, and served 
 two years. He is unmarried. He belongs to the Orange Lake Club. Mr. 
 Delany's success in life has been the result of sterling qualities. His 
 brother John is a member of the shipbuilding and engineering firm 
 of T. S. Marvel & Co. 
 
 sss*. 
 
 ALBERT NELSON CHAMBERS i- the second son of William 
 Chambers, and was born in Newburgh July 11, i860. After attend- 
 ing public and private schools he was prepared for college by a four 
 years' course at Jlr. Siglar's school. He intended to take a law course 
 at Columbia, but havmg a stronger inclination for a commercial life, 
 he pursued those studies no further. In Jlay, 1878, he became the 
 bookkeeper at the steam boiler works of Boland & Delany, afterward 
 known as the Newburgh Steam Boiler Works, of which Patrick De- 
 lany was the owner. Mr. Chambers has ever since been identified 
 
 with the concern. For a number of 5-ears he was Mr. Delany's coii- 
 lidenlial and (inuncial manager, and on January i, iSyo, he became 
 part owner and partner in the property and business. It is to his skill 
 as a business manager that the .success of the concern has been 
 largely credited. Mr. Chambers married Ella, daughter of F. B. 
 Smith, of Newburgh. He is a Republican in pohtics and a strong pro- 
 tectionist. He is a member of the ( )rangc Lake Club, the Newburgh 
 City Club, and the Dutchess Club, of Poughkeepsie, and also of the 
 Masonic fraternity. For a number of years he was Secretary of La\v- 
 son Hose Company. 
 
 >»ss>. 
 
 THOMAS S. MARVEL & CO., iron ship-building and engineer- 
 ing works. Ship-building has been one of tlie industries of New- 
 burgh from its earliest years. Situated on the great river of the 
 North, accessible from the ocean, and convenient to the great com- 
 mercial center of the country, it has every advantage for the business. 
 Within a conqjaratively few years the large establishment of Thomas 
 
 THOMAS S. MARVEL 
 
 S. Marvel & Co. has grown up here. Soon after the failure of Ward, 
 Stanton & Co., Captain Thomas S. Jlarvel, \vlii> had lieen the super- 
 intendent of their shipyard, formed a partnership with John Delany, 
 who had been a member of the old firm, and began business on his 
 own account, securing for that purpose a site near by, and leasing 
 from the company which then owned it a marine railway for hauling 
 out vessels. The members of the new firm combined for this com- 
 mon end large experience and ability in their calling. Each is master 
 of his respective branch, Captain Marvel as a marine architect and 
 constructor of hulls, and Mr. Delany as a designer and constructor of 
 marine engines. They naturally succeeded to a considerable portion 
 of the patroua.ge of Ward, Stanton & Co., and have been very pros- 
 perous. 'I'heir shi])yard lias been enlarged from time to time, and 
 building after building has been reared for the purposes of their busi- 
 ness. They now have a river frontage of five hundred feet, and a 
 depth of three hundred and fifty, and every square foot is in use. 
 'I'heir buildings, which include a machine-shop, mould-loft, joiner-shop, 
 blacksmith-shop, saw-mill, paint-shop, pattern-shop, storehouses, of- 
 fices, and drafting-rooms, cover 17,500 square feet of ground. Includ- 
 
24t 
 
 N E W R I ) K G H . 
 
 c(l ill Lhc e(|uipniL'nt is ;i suljstantial marine railway, constructed at a 
 cost of $10,000, and cajjaljle of hauling out boats of the largest size. 
 About two hundred men are employed in the building and repairing 
 of iron anil wooden steamboats, yachts, ferryboats, barges and other 
 water-craft. The firm contracts for the building of boats to even the 
 smallest detail, and the products of their works can be seen every- 
 where in northern waters. 
 
 During their six years' existence they have built fifty-four boats, 
 nearly all of them iron or steel. The most notable ones are the ferry- 
 boats Bergen, the steamer Homer Ramsdell, for the Homer Ramsdell 
 Transportation Co.; Orange, Montclair, Bremen, and Hamburg, for 
 the Hoboken Land and Improvement Company; the Pierrepont, 
 Whitehall and Montauk, for the Union Ferry Company; propeller R. 
 11. Rathbun, for the Lehigh Valley R. R. Co.; the propeller George 
 W. Washburn, for the Cornell Steamboat Company; and the yacht 
 JIvra, for William E. Bartlett, of Newburgh. 
 
 The Bergen isa double-ender screw ferry-boat, the first of its type. 
 .She has a screw-propeller at each end. The shaft runs the entire 
 length of the boat, and the screws always rotate together, being in- 
 capable of independent movement. Many advantages are claimed 
 for this system. All the machinery is below decks, enlarging the 
 deck-room about twenty per cent. The absence of side-wheels, of 
 course, largely increases the cabin-room. The engines are of the 
 triple-expansion type. The screw-propeller blades have faces alike, 
 since they are required to work both ways. 
 
 CAPT. THOMAS S. MARVEL has been trained in ship-building 
 since boyhood, and has had many years' experience in the direc- 
 tion of operations in connection therewith. His father, Thomas S. 
 Marvel, was a native of Rhode Island, of English ancestry. Thomas S., 
 |r. , was born in New York City, May 16, 1834. About two years later 
 his father, who was a ship-builder, came to Newburgh, and established 
 a business, having his shipyard first at the foot of Little Ann Street, 
 and afterward on Norris's dock, at the foot of Renwick Street, where 
 he had a marine railway and every facility for carrying on a large 
 Ijusiness. The boy early showed a preference for hisfather's calling, 
 and at the proper age was regularly apprenticed to the trade of ship- 
 carpentry, and learned drafting besides. 
 
 At the age of twenty-one, his father havuig retired, Mr. JIarvel 
 began business for himself, and subsequently took George Riley into 
 partnership. When the war broke out, he quit his business and rais- 
 ed a company which was mustered in October 28, 1S61, as Company 
 A, 5f)th New York Volunteers, with Captain Marvel in command. 
 He served in all fifteen months, then he resumed business in New- 
 burgh, but a couple of years later moved to Port Richmond, Staten 
 Island. In 1S77 he engaged with Ward, Stanton Sc Co., of Newburgh, 
 to superintend the construction of their vessels. While he was em- 
 ployed there some of the finest boats in American waters were built 
 liy the firm, and when it passed out of existence Captain Marvel 
 formed the present partnership with John Delanv. He married, in 
 i36i, llattie, daughter of John Burns, of Monroe, N. Y., and has two 
 sons and two daughters. 
 
 w ss 
 
 JOHN DELANY, junior member of the firm . .f Thomas S. Marvel 
 & Co., was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1S40, In 1848, after his 
 father's death, his mother brought the familv to America, and re- 
 sided a year in New York City before coming to Newburgh. John 
 liccanie a wage-earner as soon as his years permitted, and acquired a 
 practical educatii.m by attending night school. At the age of sev- 
 enteen he was apprenticed to George M. Clapp, superintendent of the 
 Washington Iron Works, to learn the machinist trade, and during 
 his employment at these large works he was thoroughly schooled in 
 the mechanical and theoretical principles of engine-building. He 
 worked on the gunboats building f..r ilie Crovernment, and spent 
 six years in Cuba setting up machiner\- lor the company. 
 
 About iSb;; Mr. Uclany bought out the interest of the junior part- 
 ner in the firm of Melrose & Moss, general machinists, in South 
 Water Street, near South William, and subsequently became sole 
 proprietor of the business. He made good progress, and enlarged 
 his facilities by ]iurchasing the machine-shop .if (Jeorge Hunt, which 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 249 
 
 adjoined his own. In 1S72 he formed a partnership with Samuel Stan- 
 ton, formerly superintendent of the Washington Iron Works, and Luth- 
 er C. Ward, formerly business manager of the same concern, under the 
 firm name of Ward, Stanton & Co. They took possession of a large 
 brick building and the adjoining dock property on the east side of South 
 Water Street, near the foot of South William Street, and designated 
 them the Highland Ir. .u W, aks. At first they manufactured engines and 
 general machinery, but within a few years iron ship-building became 
 their principal business, though wooden vessels were built as well. 
 Within a few years the works were greatly enlarged, and three 
 hundred men were employed. It was the largest concern then in 
 Xewburgh. They built a great number of boats, pnncipally steam 
 yachts, ferry-boats and towing-propcUers. They not only designed 
 and constructed hulls, engines and boilers, but furnished boats through- 
 
 feet, three stories; No. 2, 190x60, three stories with additions; No. 3, 
 150x60, three stories; No. 4, 200x60, one story; No. 5, 80x50, two 
 stories; a total of 126,000 square feet of floor space. Besides water 
 power, the location has the added advantage of railroad and water 
 communication. A switch from the Erie enters their yard, and tide- 
 water is not far awaj'. Steam as well as water is used for motive- 
 power — 3(jo horse-power of steam-engines and 140 horse-power of 
 water-wheels. A system of forty driven wells furnishes a supply of 
 1,250,000 gallons daily of the pure spring water used in bleaching. 
 One hundred and twenty hands are employed in bleaching and finish- 
 ing all kinds of cotton goods. A specialty is made of bleached Canton 
 flannels, the output of the Newburgh Bleachery in this class of goods 
 being more than one-third of the total production in the country. The 
 present cajjacity of the works is 160,000 yards dail)-. The New York 
 
 NEWBURGH BLEACHERY 
 
 out. The fine steam yachts Xamouna, Polynia, Rhada, Vidette, 
 and Shaughraun were built by this firm. 
 
 In 1882 the works were nearly destroyed by fire, and in 1884 the 
 firm failed. Soon after Mr. Delany formed the partnership with Mr. 
 Marvel, and a new establishment is growing up under their hands 
 which is likely to surpass the old one. Mr. Delany married Sarah 
 E., daughter of John Toohcy, in 1867, and has four sons and three 
 daughters. 
 
 ■^ S^NS 
 
 THE NEWBURGH BLEACHERY, of which James Chadwick 
 is President, and Joseph Chadwick, Treasurer, is one of the largest 
 and best equipped establishments of the kind in the country. At- 
 tracted by the unrivaled advantages Newburgh presented as a site 
 for a business such as theirs, the Messrs. Chadwick purchased m :87i 
 a tract (now fifteen acres in extent) on the Quassaick Creek. They 
 then had a factory at Rutherford, N. J., but in the course of a few 
 years the whole business was concentrated here. The principal build- 
 ings, five in number, have the following dimensions: No. i, 200x60 
 
 office is No. 115 Worth .Street. James and Joseph Chadwick are also 
 partners with their brother Thomas M. Chadwick and their brother- 
 in-law William Smith in the Boarshaw Bleachery, Dye and Print 
 Works at Middleton. near Manchester, England. 
 
 >»»»«»*^ 
 
 JAMES CHADWICK, President of the Newburgh Bleachery, and 
 his brother Joseph, have been material contributors to the enlarge- 
 ment of Newburgh. Long ago they perceived the singular adapt- 
 ability of our city for a manufacturing center. Though they then had 
 large interests in another place, witli that forehandediicss which has 
 characterized them as business men, they set about at once to acquire 
 the larger measure of success that awaited them here. They now, 
 without having sought public notice, fill important places in the 
 business and sficial life of the city, and are of that class of men who 
 give tone and character to the community in which they reside. It 
 is by instancing the abundant success of adopted citizens like the 
 Messrs. Chadwick that we hope to secure other manufacturers like 
 them. 
 
250 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 James Chadwick was born January 22, 1S30, in the City of I ley- 
 wood, Laneashire, Enijland. The Chadwieks of his Hneage had re- 
 sided in that vieinity for three ecntiiries. James was graduated at 
 
 h.iii;^ the vohinie of Ijusiness demonstrated the need of greater fa- 
 eihties than Rullierrnnl afforded. In 1S71 the site of the present 
 estal>hshnient was purehased by llie Messrs. Chadwiek from Enoch 
 
 yv-W-c,,. 
 
 
 '"^^V 
 
 »^.-» 
 
 JAMES CHADWICK. 
 
 the Townhead Aeademy, Ivoehdale, and ehoosing a manufaetunng 
 eareer, he was apprentieed in the faetory of a relative to learn eotton- 
 spinning. He served 
 three and a half years at 
 that trade, and then, to 
 further prepare himself 
 for his life-work, he en- 
 tered a bleaching a n d 
 dyeing establishment. 
 Therefore when in 1.S59 
 he came to America, he 
 was well equipped for the 
 position he secured in the 
 BoiHng Spring Bleachery, 
 in New Jersey. Subse- 
 quently he formed a part- 
 nership with (rcorge 
 Wylie in the napping bus- 
 iness, at Paterson, N. J., 
 and his bi'other Josepli 
 having come from lOng- 
 land, succeeded him in the 
 Boiling Spring Bleachery. 
 In 1867 the two brothers 
 and Mr. Wylie formed a 
 partnership, and execut- 
 ed a contract to lease the 
 Boihng Spring Works at 
 the expiration of the ex- 
 isting lease. In the 
 meantime Mr. Wylie died, 
 but he left a trustee by wi 
 the contract 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JAMES CHAUWICK- 
 
 to fullill jus ])art of the requirements of 
 That was the Ijcginning of the present concern. Ere 
 
 JOSEPH CHADWICK. 
 
 Carter and William V>. Sanxay, who had a small flour mill there, and 
 within a few years tlie present buildings successively appeared. The 
 
 Boiling Spring Bleachery 
 was relinquished in 1S7S. 
 James Chadwiek has 
 been a citizen of New- 
 burgh since 1S71. He has 
 a handsome residence at 
 1S2 Grand Street. He is 
 a Vestryman at St. 
 George's Church, a Iii- 
 reetor of the Newburgh 
 National Bank, and a 
 member of the Xewburgh 
 City Club. He married 
 Mary Ellen Hughes, of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 JOSEPH CHAD- 
 WICK, Treasurer of the 
 Newburgh Bleachery, 
 was born in Heywood, 
 Lancashire, England, 
 I K'tobcr 24, 1S41, and ed- 
 ucated at the Townhead 
 Academv, Rochdale. 
 Coming of a family of 
 manufacturers, he natur- 
 ally chose a siinilar call- 
 ing for himself. The 
 was acquired at a large 
 
 liractic 
 bleachc 
 
 x] kn. 
 ■rv, ilv 
 
 iwlei 
 e am 
 
 il his Inisiuess 
 
 1 print works in Manchester, and at his father's 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 cotton-spinnint; factory at Rdchilale. The American war between 
 the States eansed a staj;-nation in eottnn nuuuUaeturiny in iMigland, 
 and in 1S65 Mr. Chadwiel< 
 came to America tu see 
 the country and oliserve 
 what oppurtimities were 
 offered in his line of bus- 
 iness. He had a clearly 
 defined ambition to suc- 
 ceed along the line for 
 which he had been spec- 
 ially fitted. He hoped f( .r 
 nothing" tu come V)v 
 chance, and even thus 
 early in life his every step 
 was well considered. He 
 quickly estimated the 
 probabilities of a great 
 development of cottnn 
 manufacturing in this 
 country, and when the 
 position vacated bv his 
 brother at the Boiling 
 Spring Bleacherv, at 
 Rutherford. X. J., was 
 opened to him, he accept- 
 ed it. Two years later 
 he and his brother secur- 
 ed an agreement for a 
 lease of the works. "While 
 in Rutherford he was elected a member of the Township Committee, 
 and also of the Board of Education and clerk of the public school. 
 He was also for several years a Vestryman and Warden of St, John's 
 Church, Passaic, X. J. 
 
 He remained m charge of their Boding Spring Bleachery till 1S7S, 
 since which time he has been a resident of X'^ewljurgh. He has a fine 
 country-seat on Powell Avenue. Jlr. Chadwick fills an honorable 
 position as a trustee of the Savings Bank. He is a member of the 
 
 esteemed as one 
 social scale. He 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JOSEPH CHADWICK — Powell Avenue 
 
 !5i 
 
 (if our substantial citizens, and stands high in the 
 has been the architect of his own fortune, and his 
 career is an example of 
 what thorough prepara- 
 tion and intelligent, per- 
 sistent effort along one 
 line will accomplish for 
 an ambitious young man. 
 Mr. Chadwick married 
 Margaret, daughter of 
 William Smith, of Man- 
 chester, England, ajirom- 
 inent dyer and finisher of 
 cotton-goods, and has 
 three sons and one 
 dauLditer 
 
 THE NEWBURGH 
 PLASTER WORKS 
 
 .tre llie lai'gest in the 
 world. T h e \' have a 
 frontage on tlie river of 
 one thousand feet. Thev 
 are admirably ecjuipperl 
 witli tile latest improved 
 machinery, driven by 
 two large steam engines. 
 ■ of Castle Avenue. Cue liuiidred and fifty 
 
 men are emplo\ed. The 
 products are calcined plaster, land plaster, terra alba, paper 
 makers' supplies, wliiting, etc., which are shipped to all parts of 
 the United States and exported to Canada, South America and Aus- 
 tralia. The annual out-put of the mill wouldbe represented by about 
 fifty thousand tons of the materials used. Situated on tide water, the 
 works have direct communication with the Atlantic coast cities and 
 foreign ports; and for connection with the interior cities several 
 rail routes are at their doors on the western side. Jlr. Higginson, 
 
 ^■CMJdBji* i W W^ 
 
 riEWBURGH PLASTER WORKS, 
 
 Merchants' Clul) of New York, .me <;f the incor|)orators of the Xew- 
 burgh City Club, a member of the New York Board of Tra<le and 
 Transportation, and also of the Xewburgh Board of Trade. He is 
 
 the proprietor, says lie h.-is every facility for the transaction of a 
 large business, and if he liad the works to build again he would build 
 them precisely where they now are; he knows of no better location 
 
-:>- 
 
 N E W B U R G H . 
 
 in tlie country. Ncwljiirgli is a port of delivery, with a resi- 
 dent customs officer. Sca-Koint; and river vessels are almost 
 constant!)- loadinj^" or imloadin^,^ at tlie plaster works docks. 
 Two steamers and a bar^-c arc cinploycil exclusively in carry- 
 ing- from the works to New Vtirk and river points. The bu.si- 
 ncss was established by William R. Brown in i86S. Henry C. 
 ni.t,^uinson, the present i)roprietor, has been connected with it 
 since i.Sdi), and in i.Syd succeeded Mr. l-irown. He was born 
 in hubuipie. la., in ]S52. He is a {grandson of the late Judge 
 lolin W. Urown. He is also President and half owner of the 
 .Sinjr Sin}{, X. Y. , Lime Company, President of the Orange Lake 
 Club of this city, and Commodore of the f)range Lake Ice 
 ^'acht Clidi. Iniring the existence of the 17th Battalion, N. 
 li. S. N. v., he was Inspector of Rifle Practice, and captain of 
 the battalion rifle team. 
 
 THE KILMER MANUFACTURING COMPANY have 
 since their settlement in Newburgh developed a very large 
 business in manufacturing a series of different articles of wire. 
 The business was begun in 1878 by Augustus Kilmer and his 
 sons on a farm at Howe's Cave, X. V., in manufacturing 
 bale ties on an invention of Irving A. Kilmer. The follo-^ving 
 year a factory was established at Schenectady, and in the 
 course of subsequent years numerous other inventions were 
 made by them, and the business greatly enlargerl. When, in 
 1S86, increased facilities were imperatively demanded, induce- 
 ments were presented by the Xewburgh Board of Trade 
 which brought about the removal of the business to this 
 city in 1SS7. An excellent site of twenty-six acres on 
 Quassaick Creek was purchased, on which a brick factory 
 450 feet in length, 62 feet in width and two stories in 
 height was erected. Operations were begun in X'ovember. 
 A galvanizing mill was a later addition. In Februarv, 1S91, a 
 rod mill was completed. It is iSoxioo feet, built of iron. The 
 mill itself is a departure in some respects from the ordinary type, 
 the design being the invention of Irving A. Kilmer. A billet 
 is rolled in a billet-train of seven passes, whence it is dehver- 
 cd through a trough with twist guide to a side train. Through 
 a repeater the rod is conveyed to the second pass on the side 
 train, from which it issues as an oval and is dehvered through 
 a trough with twist guide to the third train, having five stands 
 <.f rolls. It finally reaches the finishing train with four sets of 
 rolls, the repeaters being on the same side of the train, in 
 which the rods arc square. It is finally delivered from the last 
 pass to reels. 
 
 The rod mill is equipped with five Heine boilers of 200 horse 
 power each, and one tubular boiler, and is driven by two 
 Wright engines having ;,o-inch diameter of cylinders and 48- 
 inch stroke, and rated at one thousand horse power each. 
 From thence the different trains are driven by belting. The 
 furnaces are heated by gas generated on the premise's. The 
 capacity of the mill is equal to any in this country, starting 
 with a four-inch billet. The main mill is equipped with numer- 
 ous machines and appliances for working wire, many of them 
 the invention of the Kilmer Company. The machinery in this 
 mill is driven by a Whitehill engine of 250 horse power. The 
 establishment is lighted by electricity generated on the 
 premises. 
 
 The Kilmer Manufacturing Company, of which T. S, Kilmer 
 is President, I. A. Kilmer is Vice-President, E. E. Kilmer is 
 Secretary, M. 1). Kilmer is Treasurer, and W. A. Kilmer is 
 Superintendent, make wire nails, wire staples, plain and orna- 
 mental fencing, barbed wire, bale ties, galvanized wire, market 
 wire and wire rods. Their product has a very high reputation 
 m the market. About four hundred men are employed at the 
 works. There is a branch office in Chicago. 
 
 The location of the works is one <,f th^e most advantageous 
 lu the country. They have a frontage <,n Ouassaick Creek 
 which altords great water-power facilities. The Hudson River 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 253 
 
 is only a few rods a\vay, and a switch from the Eric and West Shore 
 roads enters the factory yard, besides cheap freight rates, tliere 
 is the added advantage of cheap eoal, as the great depot of the 
 Pennsj'lvania Coal Company adjoins the Kdnier works. 
 
 THE HIGHLAND MILLS, George Crawshaw's Sons proprie- 
 tors, have an important place among the large manufacturing 
 
 HIGHLAND MILLS- 
 
 nt View— GEORGE CRAWSHAW'S SONS, Proprietors. 
 
 estabUshments of varied character that are, each succeeding year, 
 becoming more and more the basis of Xew burgh's activity, and they 
 have shared in the remarkable development which has favored nearly 
 all our manufactories. The Highland Mills are also of comparatively 
 recent origin. In the year 1S7G George Crawshaw bought a small 
 plot of ground, which 
 now forms part of the 
 present site, and erected 
 a frame building scarce 
 thirty feet long, for the 
 purpose of making Smyr- 
 na rugs. 
 
 From that little plant 
 the existing large works 
 have grown. George 
 Crawshaw was, in many 
 respects, a remarkable 
 man. He started out in 
 life with a determination 
 to succeed. He overcame 
 many obstacles, and when 
 he had reached the west- 
 ern side of life the goal 
 of his early ambition was 
 attained. Born of humble 
 parentage in England, he 
 learned the trade of car- 
 pe t- we avi n .g. Every- 
 thing he did was well 
 done, and step by step he 
 acquired increased knowl- 
 edge, and rose in the es- 
 timation of his employers 
 till he became a superin- 
 tendent of carpet works. 
 
 Emigrating to America with his wife and family in 1857, he found 
 -employment at Alexander .Smith & Sons' carpet works, which were 
 
 then at West Farms. Afterwards he was superintendent of the 
 Bailey Carpet Works, which were started in Poughkeepsie and sub- 
 sequently moved to l^sopus. 1 )n coming to Newburgh llr. Crawshaw 
 was for a period superintendent of his brother Samuel's woolen fac- 
 tory on the Uuassaick, and was afterward superintendent for P. S. 
 llaines when that gentleman be.gan to manufacture carpets at his 
 mills at AVcst Xcwliurgli. Mr. Crawshaw began, in 1S72, to weave 
 rag carpel in a building im Broadway, opposite the car stables. Next 
 
 he moved to No. <jo 
 Broadway, where he 
 opened a carpet store and 
 ran a couple of looms in 
 a rear room. In this en- 
 terprise Mr. Craw.shaw's 
 experience was aided by 
 the youthful energy of his 
 son Samuel, When they 
 started the little factory 
 at West Newburgh they 
 manufactured a rug that 
 for quality and beauty 
 accpiired a good reputa- 
 tion in the market, and 
 had a ready sale in their 
 store. In i,SSo Mr. Craw- 
 shaw took his sons .Sam- 
 uel and ^lark into part- 
 nership. 
 
 AVithin the next few 
 \cars their works were 
 repeatedly enlarged as 
 their business extended. 
 About ten years ago they 
 began to manufacture ingrain carpets. George Crawshaw retired with 
 a competency in 1SS6, and died May 25, iSSS. Since then the business 
 has been carried on by his sons .Samuel and Mark, under the firm name 
 of George Crawshaw's Sons. The Broadway store is now owned by 
 Thomas Crawshaw, and the other two sons of George Crawshaw, 
 
 liluHLAIlU MILLL, Rear View 
 
 William and George, 
 arc situated on Biioiii 
 
 hold positions in the mills The Highland Mills 
 Iway in the western part of the city, the premises 
 
2 54 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 extending- back In the I.ittle Britain rr.acl. The Powder Mill ei-eel 
 runs thmuyli tlie iirnjicrly. Tlie main buildings are two in iiuinbei 
 
 built ol liiiek 
 
 le 
 
 ll 
 
 ;■ (linu'iisions 
 of Kinxsu fuel and 
 t\M) stories high, 
 and the other \ }2\ 
 1 12 feet and one 
 story high. The 
 machinery is of the 
 latest and best 
 type. ( )ne hundred 
 and forty liaiuls are 
 employed. Tliey 
 make the liest 
 grade of ingrain 
 carpets and Smvr- 
 na rugs in the mar- 
 ket, known to tile 
 t rad e as ■' high 
 class, extra super- 
 fine." Tliey have 
 a Xew York ofliee 
 at No.ioS Wcjrth St. 
 H. B. Claflin & Co. 
 are the sole agents 
 f( jr their rugs. 
 
 SAM'L CRAW- 
 SAMUEL CRAWSHAW SHAW, s(.n of 
 
 George and Eliza- 
 beth (France) Crawshaw, was born in Heckmondwike, England, in 
 i,S50. He came to America with his father's family in 1857, and has 
 been a resident of Xewburgh since 1S60. He learned the trade of ear- 
 pet weaving with his father, and was with him when he started in 
 
 business in 1.S72. For a number of years he was in charge 
 letail store on Broadway, ami was mainly instrumental in 
 tip the trade that 
 promoted the ad- 
 vaneemelU of tile 
 llighlaml .Mills. He 
 is the senior mem- 
 ber of the firm, and 
 brings to the direc- 
 tion of its affairs 
 excellent business 
 principles and a 
 superior piractieal 
 knowledge of its 
 various details. Mr. 
 Crawshaw is a trus- 
 tee of Grace M. li. 
 Church. He re- 
 sides on West St., 
 and is one of the 
 foremost in every- 
 thing that eoncerns 
 the welfare of West 
 Xewburgh. 
 
 of their 
 building 
 
 r:r ^ 
 
 lUIARK CRAWSHAW 
 
 MARK CRAW- 
 SHAW, the other 
 m e m I1 e r of the 
 firm, was born in 
 II e c k niond wike, 
 F2ngland. in 1.^51. 
 
 As a young man he worked in his uncle's mills on the Ouas- 
 saick and at Haines' Mills, and has been connected with the 
 Highland Jlills from their beginning. He superintends the 
 manufacturing. 
 
 I>^<IV<. »w 
 
 NEWBURSH MOULDING AND PLANING IVIILL THOtVIAS SHAWS SONS. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 255 
 
 THOMAS SHAW'S SONS, proprietors of the Newburgh Mould- 
 ing and Planing JliU. This is the largest and oldest establishment 
 m this branch of business in the city. Thomas Shaw, the founder, 
 was born at Clinton Farm, in the Town of New Windsor, June 12, 
 1799. He learned the carpenter's trade, and early in life commenced 
 business on his own account. It was the practice in those days for 
 carpenters to go into the woods and hew and saw their own timber. 
 An aged gentleman relates that he employed Mr. Shaw t.. build a 
 house for him in Montgomery Street at that period. ■• I was handy 
 with the pencil and made a rough sketch of the kind of a house I 
 wanted and showed it to Thomas Shaw, of Little Britain, asking him 
 for how much he would build me such a house. He told me, and I 
 said ' Go ahead.' He went into the woods and scored and hewed 
 his timber, and got everything ready. When the time came for the 
 raising he got up a frolic, and came to town with his stuiT and a lot of 
 men. They put up the bents and heav\- timbers in a day, and I gave 
 them a dinner and we all had a good time." 
 
 ilr. Shaw continued his place of business at Little Britain till 1S32, 
 when he came to Xewburgh and opened a shop on the north side of 
 Ann Street, west of Liberty. A few of the buildings erected by him 
 at that early period were the old Powell storehouse and the store- 
 houses of D. Crawford & Co., Benjamin Carpenter, and the one now 
 occupied by S. M. Bull; he also erected the United States Hotel. 
 
 The shop was next located in Front Street, on the site of J. W. 
 Matthews & Co.'s storehouse, and next and for a long period at the 
 old Red Storehouse on the dock at the foot of Washington Street. 
 In 1S52 Mr. Shaw took his sons into partnership, and the business 
 was greatly benefitted thereby. No articles of agreement were drawn ; 
 a common consent, a purpose in common was all the law they re- 
 quired. When the business outgrew the old Red Storehouse the firm 
 erected a large shop on the east side of South Water Street, at the 
 foot of Little Ann Street, and subsequently (1S65) they added to their 
 plant the adjoining planing-mill of L. M. Smith & Co. About a month 
 later (December 15, 1S65) the whole estabUshment was destroyed by 
 fire. The)- then erected the large planing-mill at the corner of South 
 William and South Water Streets. In the meantime the firm had be- 
 come the most important in the business hereabouts. Machinery had 
 been substituted for hand-labor in a great degree, and they not only 
 manufactured all their own material, but supplied smaller builders as 
 weU. 
 
 About 1355, when boat-pulling first became generally popular as a 
 pastime, George W. and Charles B. Shaw became expert oarsmen, 
 and the building of boats became an important branch of the firm's 
 business. Xewburgh produced many good oarsmen, and the village 
 was the headquarters for rowing in the country. Boat-building was 
 then in its infanc\-, but when the Shaws turned their attention to it, 
 they made many improvements, till at length the modern racing shell 
 was developed. The Fanny Fern, the James G. Clinton, the Thomas 
 C. Ring, the George W. Shaw, the Enoch Carter, the J. C. Gazley 
 and the William Lisle were among the first built by the Shaws, all of 
 them famous in their day. At that period the builders received as 
 much honor when their boats won as did the men that rowed them, 
 and the builders also received the prizes. At a later period they built 
 the Gersh Banker, with which, in i860, a Newburgh crew at Lake 
 Quinsigamond rowed three miles in iS minutes, 37 seconds, the fast- 
 est time then on record. The Oscar Teed, in which Josh. Ward rowed 
 several of his single scull races, was built at Shaws' shop by E. K. 
 Shaw and Walter Brown, the latter an employee of the firm, and af- 
 terward champion oarsman. The Shaws also built boats for tlie 
 Yale, Knickerbocker (of Albany), the Poughkeepsie and other 
 crews. 
 
 During the war the firm built, under commission from James 
 Bigler, a large number of naval gun-carriages for the United .States 
 Government, some of the carriages costing as much as three thousand 
 dollars each. They also did the joiner-work of a number of naval 
 vessels that were built in Newburgh during the war, notably the 
 Eolus, Meteor, Peter Crary, Anna and Edgar Stuart. The latter 
 two were noted as Cuban privateers. In 1864 they did the joiner- 
 work of five large ferry-boats for the New Jersey Central Railroad 
 Company, and since then have done a large amount of work on steam- 
 
 boats. The joinery of the Homer Ranisdell is the work of the Shaws. 
 During the construction of the West Shore Railroad the firm built 
 the union depot in this city, and altogether, including flag-stations, 
 one hundred and thirt)--six buildings for the company. They also 
 designed and constructed nearly all the buildings on the Newburgh, 
 Dutchess and Connecticut Railroad. The handiwork of the Shaws 
 is also seen in many public and private buildings in Newburgh. 
 They designed and built Union Church; they did the carpenter-work 
 of the Free Academy and the Academy of JIusic, and are stockhold- 
 ers in the latter. They designed the Grammar Schools Xos. 2 and 3, 
 the houses of Washington and Highland Steamer Companies, and 
 Lawson and Columbian Hose Companies, the Whitehill Engine and 
 Pictet Ice Machine Company's buildings, the Chadborn & Coldwell 
 Manufacturing Company's works, the Newburgh Bleaehery, the 
 Grove Mills, the Oakley Soap factorv, Jliss Mackie's school, the 
 private residences of James J. Logan, Isaac C. Chapman, A. Y. 
 
 CHARLES B. SHAW, 
 
 Weller, Dr. Wesley Wait, and Hon. Al. H. Hirschberg, and some of 
 our best business blocks. They also did the carpenter-work in most 
 of these buildings. 
 
 Thomas .Shaw died in 1S77, and since then the business has been 
 continued by his sons George W., Charles B. and Elkanah K., asso- 
 ciated together as Thos. Shaw's Sons. In 1SS2 they built their pres- 
 ent moulding and planing mill at the corner of South William and 
 Johnes Streets. It has a ileplh of S2 feet, a frontage nf Km, and is 
 two stories higli, with a liasement \indur a portion. Steam-power is 
 supplied by a horizontal engine of forty horse-power. Their wood- 
 working machinery consists of large planing, moulding and re-saw- 
 ing machines, and circular, vertical and band saws. These heavy 
 machines are on the liist lloor. I >n the second floor are smaller ma- 
 chines for mouldin.gs, tenons, mortices and variety mouldings. They 
 manuftieture sash, blinds, doors, stair-rails, balusters and newels, and 
 furnish all kinds of trimmings and supplies for house-builders within 
 a radius of fifty miles. They employ usually about one hundred ex- 
 pert mechanics, who can always be relied upon to do first-class work. 
 
■56 
 
 NEWBUKGH. 
 
 CHARLES B. SHAW was l.oni July 2.), 1.S27, at l.ittk- llrilam. 
 He is tile seci md sou of Thomas and Harriet (Walsh) Shaw. His 
 mother was a granddaughter of Samuel L()g'aii of Revolutionar\' 
 nieniorv, lie eame to Xewburg'h with his parents, and at the a;^e 
 of fourteen went into his father's shop to h'arn the (.'arpenter trade. 
 Sinee his twenty-tifth year he has been a partner in the business. 
 
 ,--* 
 
 GEORGE W. SHAW 
 
 For many years before his father's death he was, as he is to-da}', the 
 practical head of the firm. He is a man of superior meehanieid 
 skill, and his expert judi^nient ami ability to control and direct in 
 important undertakini^s have ti'iven to the firm very lari;ely the 
 reputation it enjo\'S. In his x'ouhl; manhoofl Air. Shaw was, like 
 his brother George, an e-Kcelleiit oarsman, and would have achieved 
 a greater reputation had he chosen to devote the necessary lime from 
 his business. To his private business Mr. Shaw has given his whole 
 attention. Another has written this of him; 
 
 "Outside "f his business, Mr. Shaw is simpl\- a Tiutdust, rftirin^ citi/.L'ii. Al- 
 though a man of firm convictions and educated judgment, he blows no trumpet 
 in the market place, nor scetis to control the opinions ot others. "Wherever you 
 meet him he reveals the traits of intej^rity. Reautifying life l^y his example 
 and by the skill of which he is the master, he is the type of a citizen and a busi- 
 ness man who can be pointed to with pride as a representative. 
 
 'Such let thy life be— 
 Not marked tjy noise, Ijut by success alone. 
 Not known by bustle, Inlt by useful ilL><.>ds. ' " 
 
 Mr. Shaw married Henrietta Rodermond, in 1S41J, ami has one son 
 and one daughter: Dr. Henry B., of New York, and Maria 1'.., wife 
 of C. C. McCain, Auditor r.f the Inter-State Commerce Commission. 
 
 GEORGE 'W. SHA'W was boin ni Little I'.ritain, in the Town of 
 New Windsor, July 30, 1S24. He learned his trailc in his father's 
 shop, and in 1.S52 was admitted to partnership. He retired from ac- 
 tive business a few years ago, but still remains a member of the firm. 
 At the period when boat-building was a branch of the firm's business, 
 Mr. Shaw had immediate oversight of that work, and built boats for 
 many prominent oarsmen and dubs of that time. Mr. Shaw was 
 
 liimself an (oarsman of the first class, and was Jo.shua Ward's partner 
 in many races, lie was also a member of the celebrated four-oared 
 crcvc c.imposed of Joshua and Henry Ward and Oscar Teed, besides 
 himself. He also rowed in several double-scull races with his brother 
 Charles as a partner. In i.soo he was a member of the six-oared 
 crew composcil of J..shua Ward and others, which, at Lake Quinsi- 
 gamon.l, rowed three miles in the Cersh Banker in 18 minutes and 37 
 seconds, the fastest time then on record. Mr. Shaw was also a speed 
 skater of the first rank, and generally supposed to be the equal of 
 any in the country. In these latter years of leisure his love for re- 
 liiK-d out-.loor sports is as strong as ever. He is a member of the 
 Xewlnirgh Canoe and Boating Association and an enthusiastic yachts- 
 man. He is also a niemlxr of the Xewdrargh Gun Club, and always 
 makes ;i good score at the target. In early life he was a member and 
 Assistant Foreman of Washington I-:ngine Company. He was one 
 of the organizers of Ringgold Hose Company and its first Foreman, 
 and still continues an honorary member of it. 
 Rhoda B., daughter of James Alexander, of the 
 sor, and has living three sons and one daughter. 
 
 He married, in 1847, 
 Town of Xew Wind- 
 
 ELKANAH K. SHA'W was iM.rn 1 >ecember 27, 1.834, in the Bliz- 
 ard House ill Front Street, where his parents then resided. He at- 
 tcnilcd the village schools, and at the age of sixteen began a regular 
 apprenticeship in his father's shop. In 1S57 he began the study of 
 
 E KANE SHAW, 
 
 architecture under John W. I'riest, who was then one of the foremost 
 rn'chitccts in the country. Mr. Priest had an office in New York and 
 another at his country-seat at Balmvillc; it was at the latter place 
 that Mr. Shaw worked. During the several years that intervened 
 before .Mr. Priest's death, his young pupil and assistant made excel- 
 lent advancement and acquired an intimate knowledge and practice 
 in the essentials of his art. After his master's death Mr. Shaw 
 studied draughting for three years under Samuel Stanton, an expert 
 mechanical engineer and draughtsman, who was then superintendent 
 
[NHWBUKGH 
 
 of the 'Washington Iron Works, and afterwards a nieniber oi the 
 ship-building- and engineering firm of Ward, Stanton (S; Co. 
 
 In 1S64 Mr. Shaw resumed his connection with Thos. Shaw & 
 Sons, and has ever since been the architect of the firm, and the fore- 
 most man in his profession in this section. 
 
 Mr. Shaw was elected to the Common Council from the Second 
 Ward in 1S70 by the Democratic part\-, and served one term. In 
 1875 he was appointed a member of the Board of Water Commis- 
 sioners to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Franklin (ierard, and 
 in 1SS2 he was elected for the full term of five vears. 
 
 He has been a trustee and an active member of Ringgold Hose 
 Company since its organization m 1S54, and was Assistant Foreman 
 
 crs; and notably among others, the widely known house of White- 
 hill & Cleveland. The business was begun by Hugh Whitehill and 
 Ordme M. Cleveland in iSSo. Mr. Whitehill died in 18S4, since 
 which date Mr. Cleveland has managed the business, the estate of 
 Mr. Whitehill remaining a partner. The firm employ 300 hands; 
 and occasionally have outside help. At the present time they oc- 
 cupy the buildings Nos. 109 and 1 1 1 Umadway and a part of No. 107, 
 containing four floors 90x50 feet, four floors 90x25 feet, and one floor 
 180x33 feet, afl^ording 33,000 square feet of space. Hut the require- 
 ments of the business exceed even these spacious quarters, and ere 
 long a far larger factory will be built. Whitehill & Cleveland have 
 jnirchased a site at the corner of Liberty and Lafaj-ette Streets, on 
 
 ^.-filDEIJCES OF GEORGE 
 
 one year and Foreman for nine years. In 1S75-78 he was l-nst As- 
 sistant Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, and m the latU-r yea. 
 was nominated for Chief Engineer, but was defeated by \\ dham 
 Nixon. For twenty-five years Mr, Shaw has been a trustee of bnion 
 Church. He is also a director of the Edison Electric Illuminating Com- 
 pany, a trustee of the Academy of Music, a trustee of Hudson River 
 Lodge, F & A. M. and a member of Hi.ghland Chapter and of Hudson 
 River Commandery. He married Elizabeth McCoun, mece oi Henry 
 T. McCoun. in 1863. 
 
 NSSS 
 
 WHITEHILL & CLEVELAND. 1 if recent years rapid progress 
 has characterized the operations of Newburgh's leading manufactur- 
 
 which they will erect a brick factor\-, 17.S teet in length and 100 in 
 widtli, one part to be four stories in height and the remainder three 
 stories, giving (j2,ooo square feet of floor space. Five hundred hands 
 will then be employed. Whitehill & Cleveland manufacture the New- 
 burgh Never-Rip brand of overalls, shirts and pantaloons, and a gen- 
 eral line of workingmen's clothing in cottonades, jeans and all-wool 
 goods. These goods are everywhere recognized and appreciated by 
 the trade as standard productions. Their trade extends from Boston 
 to (Imaha, and from the Canadian line to the Gulf States. Six sales- 
 iiien arc on the road, in addition to four others connected with their 
 New York house, winch has charge of the trade in the Metropolis and 
 its suburbs. 
 
258 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
N E W BU R GH 
 
 259 
 
i6o 
 
 NEW BURGH 
 
 ORDINE M. CLEVELAND was 
 
 born in iIk- t'nvnslii]) <•! Inckson, l':i., 
 in i>5i. At the a;^-f of t\vcnt\- lie 
 fntciX'd the employ of the Howe 
 Sewini;' Maehine Company, and in 
 1S75 came to Xe\vburij;h in the inter- 
 ests {<( that eonipany, h.ivinj;' in 
 charge the collections in New York 
 State and eastern Connecticut. Mr. 
 Whitehill and >Ir. Cleveland per- 
 cei\'ed the possibilities in overall 
 manufacturing, aiul the present large 
 establishment is the fruition of their 
 well-directed endeavors. Mr. Cleve- 
 land is also part-owner and a di- 
 rector of the Storm King Pants 
 Company, of Xewburgh, employing 
 forty hands. He is a member of the 
 Board of Trade, an officer of Union 
 Church, and one of the incorporators 
 of the Xewburgh City Club. He 
 married Louise, sister of Isaac C. 
 and Joseph H. H. Chapman. 
 
 THE ARLINGTON PAPER 
 MILL, 11. Powell Ramsdull, pro- 
 prietor. This mill is the principal 
 industrial element in the little vil- 
 lage of Salisbury Mills, which is sit- 
 uated some eight miles southwest 
 of X'ewburgh, on Murderer's Creek 
 and the Xewburgh branch of the 
 Erie Railroad. Two great chimneys can be seen towering abov 
 
 O M, CLEVELAND 
 
 range of buildings on the edge of a 
 deep, rocky gorge through which the 
 creek tumbles and rushes with 
 mighty force. A dense growth of 
 trees and bushes fringes the opposite 
 bank in unrestrained wildness, while 
 behind the null a broad and level 
 spot is occupied by pretty cottages 
 and other buildings, with winding 
 lanes and green lawns. The mil! 
 property forms a hamlet by itself. 
 Just below the mill, where the creek 
 winds about through a wild chasm 
 and vanishes from our sight, there 
 is an old raceway cut out of the 
 solid rock, the only thing left of an 
 old cotton mill that once stood there. 
 There were formerly three water- 
 falls here, but Mr. Rarasdell has by 
 extensive excavations and altera- 
 tions combined them all practically 
 into one, with a total head of about 
 forty feet, furnishing ample power 
 during three-fourths of the year; and 
 when the water fails steam takes its 
 place as the power for the mill. 
 
 This water-power has been used 
 for driving mills of one kind or 
 another ever since 1721. but now the 
 Arlington Mill is the only one in the 
 place, and its property includes the 
 sites of all the abandoned mills. 
 The oldest portion of this mill was 
 
 ve the built about the year 1S40, liv Isaac K. Oakley, who at a later period 
 trees fr>r miles away, and on near approach we perceive an important in his life was president of the Uuassaick Bank in Xew-burgh. He 
 
 WHIIEHILL 6c i,LL VLLAi'.lLJ J l-Ai^luKr 
 
NEWBUHGH. 
 
 261 
 
 built auothei- paper mill on the Quassaick (now known as tlic Grove 
 Mill), and about the year 1S53 sold them both, the one at Salisbury 
 to Francis B. O'Connor. The mill eventually became the property 
 of John L. Sea\-erns, who also had a manufactor\' for paper-mill ma- 
 chinery in Newburgh. Mr. RanisdeU entered the employ of the firm 
 
 lias made many chany:es at the ArUngton .Mill. The old building 
 forms but a small portion of the present jjlaiit, the main build- 
 ings of which have a total length of 4S0 feet, from one to three stories 
 high, with capacity for the employment of one hundred hands and 
 the production of 24,(joo lbs. of ]iaper dail\-. All the old machinery 
 
 ^^?"x 
 
 as book-keeper at the paper mill in I'cbruary, 1S70, and purchased 
 the mill at a foreclosure sale in 1S71. 
 
 At that time the mill consisted only of ii two-story stone Ijuilding 
 about eighty feet square, and its total daily production was only 
 about a ton of paper. Twenty years of Mr. Ramsdell's management 
 
 has been discarded, ami the present equipment cannot be excelled by 
 anv mill of the si/.c in the country. These changes have been made 
 la-adually, though by the erection of new buildings and the additicra 
 of new machinery the capacity has been doubled within the ])ast year 
 alone. But without specifying each one of the many progressive 
 
^62 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 steps wo prefer to deseribe the establishment in its eompleted state 
 to-daj-. 
 
 The Arlington Mill property consists of a series of brick and stone 
 buildings joined together, several detached buildings and twenty cot- 
 tages for the people employed in the mill. The main portion of the 
 mill is a stone building 125 feet in length, s,, in width and three stories 
 high, and contains a finishing-room, rag-room, stock-rooms, etc., with 
 boiler and engine-rooms and the office in a wing. The machine-rcjom 
 occupies a brick building 146 feet in length, 52 feet in width and one 
 story high. The new finishing-room at the east end is 120 feet in 
 length, 33 in width and one story high. A detached stone building, 
 100.X4S in size, contains a well-equipped machine-shop and a carpenter- 
 shop. A corps of machinists is regularly employed to make repairs, 
 and a corps of carpenters to make boxes. 
 
 The niaelune-rtHim is supplied \vith two Pusey lV Jones paper- 
 making machines, each SS inches wide, one built in iSgi and the other 
 in 1SS7. These machines are fitted with two stacks each of chilled 
 calenders, and the calenders are fitted with a full set of Smith's cal- 
 ender-feeds, ensuring the maximum amount of speed. The mill is 
 supplied with ten rag and beating engines, besides a full complement 
 of the various other kinds 
 of machines used in pa- 
 per mills. 
 
 The steam power is 
 furnished by a battery of 
 SIX boilers, with a total 
 horse power of Soo. 
 There is one Wright en- 
 gine of 125 horse power, 
 six Westinghouse engines 
 with a combined horse 
 power of 275, one engine 
 of 60 horse power made 
 by Ward, Stanton & Co., 
 and one Case engine. 
 
 The buildings are 
 lighted by a iOf>light 
 electric plant on the 
 Thomson -Houston sys- 
 tem, and a 50-light plant 
 on the Sawyer-llann sys- 
 tem. The mill is supplied 
 with a Worthington fire 
 pump and automatic ar- 
 rangements for fire j^ro- 
 tection. Pure water, clear 
 as crystal, a very essential 
 element in paper-making, 
 is supplied by a Xati'jnal 
 twenty-four hours. 
 
 The Arlington Mill manufactures .special high-class book paper 
 and French folios, white and colored. Paper is made principally (jf 
 rags, as only the best grades are made. The Arlington folios are quot- 
 ed as a standard article in the market. The mill is run exclusively on 
 orders. It starts work at midnight on .Sunday and does not close down 
 till midnight on Saturday. It supplies a number of notable publishing 
 houses in New York City, and considerable of the product goes to 
 San Francisco, and some even to England and Australia. 
 
 H. Powell Ramsdell, the proprietor, is a son of Homer Ramsdell, 
 and a resident of Newdjurgh. His superintendent is John I'. Clouser, 
 who has held that position since 1876. 
 
 BEVERIDGE BREWING COMPANY'S BREWERY. 
 
 iltur ]jiaiit giving 4')o,ooo gallons every 
 
 THE BEVERIDGE BREWING COMPANY was established in 
 1812 by James iJunlap, wlio erected a brewery in Liberty Street, cor- 
 ner of Washington. James Law shortly afterward became the as- 
 sociate of Mr. Dunlap, and in 1816 his successor. John Beveredge 
 was Mr. Law's associate in 1822. In 1825 John Forsyth was added 
 to the firm and its title changed to I^aw, Beveredge & Co. In that 
 year the building on the corner of Front and Fifth Streets, forming 
 
 ])art of the present establishment, was erected. On the death of Mr 
 Law the business was continued by his surviving partners and E. 
 Ward Farrington, under the title of J. Beveredge & Co. Their suc- 
 cessors have been Robert A. Forsyth, Thomas Beveridge, Peter 
 Amerman, Jonas Williams, Joseph Low, Charles E. Williams and 
 Henry J. Hunter, all the various partnerships being entitled T. Bev- 
 eridge & Co. Except Charles E. Williams all these gentlemen are 
 now dead. The business was incorporated as The Beveridge Brew- 
 ing Company in 1884. Charles E. Williams is the President and 
 the largest stockholder, and William G. Hunter Secretary. 
 
 This time-honored concern has played an important part in the 
 history of Newburgh. Its proprietors have been men of the highest 
 standing and mtjst honorable reputation, anrl most of them of great 
 usefulness in the business, social, benevolent and religious life of the 
 community. John Forsyth was the father of the Rev. John Forsyth, 
 U. D. lie was a man of striking presence, whose face and form 
 would arrest the attention of a stranger, and his mental and moral 
 qualities were in accord with the impressions thus made. Xone who 
 knew him could doubt his unbending rectitude, his large-heartedness, 
 or his rare sagacitv. He was an exemplary Christian, long a ruling 
 
 Elder of the First Asso- 
 ciate Reformed Church, 
 long a Director of the 
 Bank of Xewburgh, 
 Trustee of the Academy, 
 and village Trustee. He 
 had much to do with the 
 establishment of the 
 Xewburgh Steam Mills — 
 was at one time President 
 of the company — and the 
 building of the Xewburgh 
 Branch Railroad. Next to 
 Thomas Powell & Co. , his 
 firm (J. Beveredge & Co.) 
 was the largest subscrib- 
 er to the Erie stock. John 
 Beveredge was one of the 
 founders of the present 
 system of free schools, 
 and the first President of 
 the Board of Education. 
 He was long an Elder in 
 the First Associate Re- 
 fi>rmed Church, and was 
 one of the founders and 
 one of the first Elders of 
 the Second Associate 
 Reformed (now Union) Churcli. E. Ward Farrington was the first 
 President of the Quassaick Bank, an Elder in the First Associate Re- 
 formed Church and afterwards one of the first Elders of Union 
 Church, and prominent in village aft'airs, having been twice elected 
 President of the village corporation. Robert A. Forsyth was another 
 distinguished citizen; for many years he was a village Trustee. Jonas 
 Williams was long and favorably known in the community for his 
 scholarly attainments, and as a lover of good literature he accumulated 
 one of the finest private libraries in the city. He was for many years 
 a member of the Board of Trustees of the First Presbyterian Church 
 and a Director of the Bank of Newburgh, being chairman of its Fi- 
 nance Committee. Joseph Low was also an Elder of the First As- 
 sociate Reformed Church, and Thomas Beveridge succeeded John 
 Beveredge in the Board of Education. In these relations, and in 
 others, have the proprietors been valuable factors in promoting the 
 welfare of their town and its people. During his residence here 
 Charies E. Williams has been one of the foremost members of the 
 Board of Trade, is now its President, and has contributed greatly in 
 its work. 
 
 I he Beveridge Brewing Company manufacture present use (cream) 
 and stock ales of unexcelled fineness. By the exclusive use of spring 
 water and carefully selected materials of barley, malt and hops they 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 263 
 
 have always succeeded in maintaining a standard of excellence which 
 has made their ales prized, not alone as a tonic beverage, but as well by 
 the convalescing for their medicinal properties. Until the year 18S9 
 they manufactured on the old Scotch puncheon plan, but during the 
 past year, at a large expenditure, the plant has been entirely changed 
 to the modern Jedd vacuum process, with highly gratifying results to 
 the management in the better keeping, milder flavored and more 
 brilliant qualities of the product. The capacity of the brewery is 
 50,000 barrels. The New York City warehouse is at No. 121 AVarren 
 Street. 
 
 THE BROKAW MANUFACTURING COMPANY was estab- 
 lished in iSSo by William V>. I5rokaw, and has been one of the most 
 
 public, and the demand for them increased so rapidly that in a very 
 few years the Brokaw manufactory became a large concern. 
 
 The first manufacturing was done with but three or four sewing 
 machines over Smith's book-store in Water Street. From there the 
 factory was mnveil to the Stern building, thence into the Scharps 
 building, and linally into the large Bigler building at the corner of 
 Smith and Third Streets, each change being for the purpose of ac- 
 quiring more room. In 1S90 the company was incorporated with Mr. 
 Brokaw and George P. Ide & Co., of Troy— the latter the largest 
 white-shirt and collar manufacturers in the country — as stockholders 
 and officers of the company. Recently the Brokaw Company added 
 to their facilities by purchasing the plant of the Laurel Manufactur- 
 ing Company, at Nos. 127, I2g and 131 Broadway, and removing the 
 
 3KAW MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S FACTORY. 
 
 successful manufacturing concerns in the city. At the time the niaii- 
 ufactory was started Mr. Brokaw was the leading dealer in men's 
 furnishing goods in Newburgh. He commenced manufacturmg flan- 
 nel shirts and outing garments, under the trademark of " Reliable,' 
 in connection with his retail business, and gradually to manufacture 
 for the retail trade generally, selling them at wholesale through trav- 
 eling salesmen, under the firm name of the Brokaw Manufacturmg 
 Company. These neglige garments f|uickly fi>und favor with the 
 
 fixtures to their down-town factory. But even with these large facilities 
 they cannot keep pace with the demand for their popular goods, and 
 have a standing advertisement for female help. 
 
 They manufacture flannel, madras, cheviot, percale, silk and fancy 
 fabric shirts and (juting garments, and bath-robes in Turkish and 
 and wool materials, under the well-known trademarks of " Reliable " 
 and " Durable." They employ a great many hands, and sell their 
 production in connection witli the Trojan Shirt and Collar Co.'s 
 
264 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 well km.wn tiiid pupiilar brands, with ovlt twenty-Hvu siilL'suK-n 
 the road, covering the I'nited States, with salesrooms in New Y< 
 City, Chicago, St. Louis, and oilier large cities. 
 
 rk 
 
 WILLIAM B. BROKAW, .if lla I'.rokau- Maniilueliiriiig Com- 
 pany, was born i)i New Jersey, in i,S4(,, and educated in New York 
 City. In i.soi, at the age ol' lifteen. he eidisted as a drummer-boy 
 
 \'olunteers, of wdiich Judge 
 lie rose suecessivelv to the 
 
 in Colonel Fairnian's yoth Xew York 
 Edgar M. Cnllen was latterly Cok.nel. 
 
 ranks of Second Lieutenant and First Lieutenant, and was a Captain 
 at the age of eighteen. He was breveted Major for gallant service at 
 the capture of Fort Harrison in 1S64, where he was wounded severeh- 
 m the breast. At Cold Harbor his cap was shot off his head. lie 
 served over four years in the iVrmy of the Potomac and the Army of 
 the James, and when the war was over entered business in New- 
 York City as a clerk and salesman. 
 
 In iSfjy he came to Newburgh and engaged in the retail men's 
 furnishing trade, in which he continued till 1.3.S2, since when his 
 business interests have been exclusively with the Lrokaw Manufac- 
 turing Comj^any. It may justly be said of Jlr. P.rokaw that he has 
 been a useful member of the community. His energy and enterprise 
 have not been expended solely upon his owm private affairs, but in 
 more channels than one has he been helpful to the place. He started 
 the movement which organized the Board of Trade, and has ever since 
 been one of its mainstays, sharing in all its work. He was one of the 
 organizers and a lieutenant of the Independent Light Guards. At 
 the formation of Company E, 17th Battalion, he was elected First 
 Lieutenant, and filled that office for a number of years. In religious 
 and benevolent work he has been Superintendent of the Bethel 
 Mission, President of the Young Men's Christian Association (and is 
 now a Director of that Association), ,-i Director of the Associated 
 Chanties, and Treasurer of the Society for the Pixwention of Cruelty 
 to Animals. He was also the first to suggest the formation of the 
 present Young Women's Christian .Association He ni.-irried, in 1,^72, 
 Mary Ali. c Hall, of Xew York City. 
 
 HORATIO B. BECKMAN has been for many years superinten- 
 dent of iJie .\'ewbiirgh Sluain .Mills. These large works were com- 
 pleted and the manufacture of print cloths commenced in 1845, since 
 which time they have never been idle. They were built by New- 
 burgh capitalists, but are now owned by the Garner estate. Mr. 
 Beekman was born in Sanbornton, N. H., in 1S31, and received a 
 high-school education. Graduated when sixteen years of age, in the 
 following year he was elected a trustee, and placed in charge of the 
 school. While attending school he learned in his father's shop the 
 trade of a general machinist, and added to that, Ijy regular appren- 
 ticeship to his brother at Amesbury, Mass., the trade of pattern- 
 maker. His first manhood employmentwas as a machinist at New- 
 bnryport, and a year later he received a certificate as a qualified 
 engineer, and ran the steamer Silver Star between Portsmouth and 
 the Shoals. He was next employed as a machinist in the Bartlett 
 Cotton Mills at Newburyport, and was soon raised to the post of en- 
 gineer-in-eharge. Having saved some money he then went into a 
 partnership in cabinetmaking, with the specialty of ship furniture, 
 but soon accepted a lucrative offer from Carr, Brown & Co. , comb 
 makers, as an inventor and builder of comb machinery, and in this 
 capacity introduced machinery \yhich revolutionized the entire comb 
 trade. His services were then secured by Corliss & Nightingale, 
 steam engine builders, of Providence, R. I., where he remained four 
 years, when he came to Newburgh, under special employ by Mr. 
 Whitchill, superintendent of the Newburgh Steam Jlills, as an expert 
 in engines and boilers, and placed in charge of the machiner}' of the 
 mills as master mechanic. He was promoted to be assistant super- 
 intendent, and, in iS6g, superintendent anri agent. He has made 
 many valuable improvements, resulting in largely increased efficiency. 
 In 1S79-80 the mills were enlarged, and the capacity nearly doubled; 
 a 700-horse power Corhss engine was put in at that time. The mills 
 
 
 HORATIO B, BECKMAN. 
 
 now employ about ^:.,, hands. Mr. Heckman pursues with tireless in- 
 terest the study and inquiry of scientific subjects, and particularly in 
 cngmeerin.',^ he has inyented and patented a number of valuable ideas, 
 sfnne ..f them in partnership with Prof. J. W. Doughty, of this city. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 ^65 
 
 NEWBURGH STEAM MILLS. 
 
 He was one of the organizers of the Edison Electric Illuminatiiii; 
 Company of Newburgh, is one of the largest stockholders and presi- 
 dent and electrician of the company. As u citizen Mr. Beckman has 
 taken a deep interest in local affairs; has served laie tcnn as Water 
 Commissioner, and 
 was an Alderman 
 of the Fourth Ward 
 from 1SS7 to i.^oi. 
 He is one of the 
 trustees of the 
 steam mills; a 
 member of Leon- 
 ard Steamer Com- 
 pany, and served 
 for some )-ears as 
 its representative 
 in the Fire Depart- 
 ment fund; is a 
 member nf the 1"- 
 cal board of Civil 
 Service Examiners ; 
 one oi the stock- 
 holders and a trus- 
 tee of the New- 
 burgh Academy of 
 Music; is a member 
 of the Orange Lake 
 
 Club, and ex-presideut nf the Xewburgh Democratic xVssociation. lie 
 was made a Master Mason in St. Mark's Lodge, Newburyport, in 1S57 ; 
 afiihated with Xewburgh Lodge in 1S66, and is a member of Hudson 
 River Commander}' and Highland Chapter, and also of the Ancient 
 Scottish Rite of Xorthem Jurisdiction, in which he has received the 
 32d degree. He married, in 1S50, Susan C. Dnw, i>f Xewburyport, 
 Mass., and has eight children. 
 
 LEWIS J. BAZZONI was b..rn in Xew York City in 1S22. His 
 father was an Italian, who came to Xew York in early manhood, mar- 
 ried there, and followed the trade of a looking-glass maker. Lewis 
 received an education in the private schools 
 of the citv. He was fifteen years old when 
 his father went to Italy to visit his early 
 home, and died there of cholera. Lewis was 
 apprenticed in one of the best carriage- 
 making estabUshments of that period; ac- 
 quired a thorough practical knowledge of 
 his life-work and went out to its pursuit 
 fully equipped in its details. In 1S50 he 
 came to X'ewburgh and entered into a labor 
 combination (without copartnership) under 
 the name of DeForest, LaTour & Bazzoni, 
 in the manufacture of carnages, road 
 wagons, etc. In this combination I). U. 
 DeForest was the blacksmith, A. W. La- 
 Tour the painter and trimmer, and Mr. 
 Bazzoni the wood- worker. 
 
 The combination lasted six years, when 
 Mr. Bazzoni purchased the business of his 
 co-workers and developed the undertaking 
 which had been founded into one of the 
 largest and finest establishments of its class 
 in the country, with a market for its products 
 not wholly confined to his native State, 
 From 1850 to the Spring of 1883 his busi- 
 ness was conducted on South Water Street, 
 near First, from whence he removed to the 
 spacious repository which he erected in 1882 
 and now occupies on Broadway. The fine 
 
 building contains four floors and a basement, 04x52 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and steady employment is given to eighteen skilled h.inds. 
 
 The productions of the house comprise a general line of fine carriages 
 for pleasure aud family use, sleighs of new and original designs, and 
 buggies of every description. Carriages are shown in many styles, 
 shapes and designs, from an ordinary no-top road wagon to an 
 
 elegantly finished 
 eoach; while car- 
 riages of all kinds 
 are built to order 
 from original de- 
 signs, and a spec- 
 iallv i s made of 
 line rejiairing. 
 
 In liis younger 
 days Mr. Bazzoni 
 was a man of more 
 activity than now 
 after a long life of 
 labor, but while 
 physical changes 
 have whitened his 
 brow and enfee- 
 liled his step, he 
 has lost none of 
 the characteristics 
 which won for him 
 respect and confi- 
 dence in his earlier 
 years. Said the late Thomas Powell to him, as he drove up to his 
 shop one day in a wagon which showed no little usage, " Young man, 
 is this wag(ju worth mending?" "Yes," said Mr. Bazzoni, " I think 
 it is." "If mended, would it sell at auction for the cost of the re- 
 jiairs?" " I think it would, Mr. Powell." " How much will it cost?" 
 "Six or seven dollars, I think, will put it in pretty good shape." 
 " Well, you will repair it? You are the lirst man who has talked that 
 way. 1 liave asked half a dozen wagon-makers and they have all 
 been so anxious to sell me a new wagon that they have said that this 
 was worthless. You will have my business hereafter." Here was 
 the key to his success — the simple truth without grasping for gain. 
 For many years Jlr. Bazzoni was assisted in his business by his sons 
 James C. and Frank W. , gentlemen highly 
 esteemed by many acquaintances. Both 
 are dead, and the youngest son, Charles L., 
 is now superintendent of the establishment. 
 [Sec IlUistratiun of Bazzoni Building on Paye 264] 
 
 S*.^^^ - 
 
 S. G. KIMBALL'S SON, iron founder 
 and machinist. This establishment was 
 erected in 1851-52 by Samuel G. Kimball 
 and Edson H. Clark. These gentlemen had 
 been partners in tlic firm of Stanton, Clark 
 & Co., who had a foundry and machine- 
 shop at the corner of Front and South 
 Streets, styled the Highland Furnace. The 
 business was continued at tlic Highland 
 Furnace till April i, 1S51, when, their lease 
 having expired, they vacated the property 
 and dissolved the partnership. The new 
 works of Clark & Kimball were successful 
 from the beginning, and did a large busi- 
 ness. I'loth were men of influence in public 
 affairs and filled various offices under the 
 iiiuniciiial government. In 1S75 Mr. Clark 
 ri'tired with a competency, and Mr. Kiniliall 
 ailiiiitteil his two sons, William Cr. and 
 (_'liarles II. Kimball into partnership with 
 himself, under the firm name of S. G. Kim- 
 ball & Sons. In 1S77, after the death of the 
 senior member of the firm, William G. and 
 carried on the works as S. G. Kimball's Sons. In 
 of his bri>thcr, William G. Kiinliall became the 
 
 LE/i'ii J, BAZZONI. 
 
 Charles 
 1.890, o 
 
 11. Kinibal! 
 11 tlie death 
 
266 
 
 sole proprietor, and no 
 o£ S. G. Kimball's Son- 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 operates tile wo 
 still retaining- the 
 
 ks under the business name 
 name of his honored father. 
 The e s t a b 1 i s li - 
 ment manufactures 
 no special line of 
 machinery or iron 
 work, but does all 
 kinds of iron and 
 brass eastinv;' and 
 steam -pipe work. 
 Its s[K-eialtv is re- 
 pairing;' and job- 
 bing, which it does 
 for a large number 
 of factories in tliis 
 vicinity, ilr. Kim- 
 ball also manufac- 
 tures a brim press 
 for hatters that 
 does excellent 
 worl<. 
 
 "William G. Kim- 
 ball was born in 
 Newburgh, August 
 7. 1S39. He learned 
 his trade with his 
 father, and is mas- 
 ter of every detail 
 of the business. He 
 was elected an eld- 
 er in Calvary Pres- 
 byterian Church in 1876; he has long been an efficient worker in the 
 Sabbath School, and for several years was the Superintendent. 
 
 u-liieli lie traiislerred liis letter. Mr. Kimball was .me who was al- 
 ways ready to respond to the call of the needy, and he gave liberally 
 
 WILLIAM G. KIMBALL. 
 
 SAMUEL G. KIMBALL was the second son of Moses Kimball, 
 who came to Newburgh from JIassachusetts in 1S12 with Thomas 
 Kimball, Daniel Farrington and several others. Here Samuel was 
 born January 10, 1815. After leaving school he learned the carpenter 
 trade with his father, and followed that business until the Spring of 
 1846, when he entered the firm of Stanton, Clark & Co., then eon- 
 ducting a foundry and m^Lchine-shop at the foot of South Street. He 
 remained there until 1851, 
 when he withdrew from 
 the firm and went as far 
 west as Chicago in search 
 of a site to establish a 
 business, but finding no 
 place offering better ad- 
 vantages than his native 
 city he, in eomiDany with 
 E. H. Clark, bought the 
 property Xos. 125-iji 
 Washington Street, and 
 built this foundry and 
 machine-sliop, where lie 
 continued to do Ijusiness 
 until his death, which oc- 
 curred March 17, 1877. 
 He was an active fireman 
 for many years, serving 
 his time in the Hook and 
 Ladder Company. 
 
 He served for some 
 time as a member of the 
 Board of Health and was 
 elected a member of the 
 Board of Water Commissioners in the charter election of 1,573. ' *» 
 account of ill health he resigned his office in the Spring of 1877, a 
 short time previous to his death. He was an older in the Associate 
 Reformed Church and afterward in Calvary Presbyterian Church, to 
 
 SAMUEL G. K.:.1BALL. 
 
 to the establishment and maintenance of any institution which had 
 for its object the elevation and relief of his fellow creatures. 
 
 It has been said hy one who for many years held business relations 
 with Mr. Kimball: "He was a man of noble and generous nature, as 
 well as an able one. While ho held strong convictions aird firmly 
 
 asserted among his as- 
 sociates opinions formed 
 after mature deliberation, 
 yet such was his court- 
 eous manner and his 
 sense of justice that even 
 those who differed with 
 him never entertained 
 any feelings but those 0I 
 respectful regard. His 
 sterling integrity, his 
 prudence and zeal were 
 ji lined in him by those 
 graces of character which 
 mark the Christian gen- 
 tleman, and which en- 
 deared him personally to 
 all who were in any way 
 associated with him." He 
 was married in 1S36 to 
 Mary Ann Updegrove, of 
 Newburgh. They had 
 live children; Mary Eliza- 
 beth, wife of Rev. J. I. 
 Grimlcy, of Marlborough; 
 Wilhain (jcjodhue, who now carries on the old established business 
 on Washington Street; Sarah Frances, of Newburgh; Eliphalet 
 Bootman, who died in the arniv during the Rebellion; and Charles 
 Henry, deceased. 
 
 ';U bKA^b F-UUMUHr u(- b ij. KirvlBALLb SON. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 ?67 
 
 WALTER W. GEARN is the sun i.f William Gearn, who was 
 born m Scotland and emigrated to Aracriea in iSio. Walter W. was 
 born in the Town of Wilton, Saratoga County, N. Y., seven miles 
 north of Saratoga Springs, August 24, 1S24. He resided on the home 
 farm until of the age of twenty-three, when he came to the village of 
 
 WALTER W, GEARM, 
 
 Xewburgh and engaged in the floor oil-cloth manufacturing business 
 with his uncle, George Gearn, whose factory was in the southern 
 part of the village on the river front, the site now being occupied by 
 the West Shore Railroad switch yard. Soon afterward the extensive 
 property bounded by Western Avenue, Robinson Avenue and First 
 Street was purchased and the erection of the first of the large build- 
 ings which compose the works was commenced. In 1S51 Mr. Gearn 
 succeeded his uncle in the business. He enlarged the original fac- 
 tory- to its present dimensions, which are 76 feet front by 200 in 
 depth, and approximating three stories in height; the building on 
 First Street, with ground dimensions of 76 feet by 200, and the three 
 large storehouses, together with the handsome residence which he 
 occupies, and cottages for his workmen, were all erected by Mr. 
 Gearn. He earned on the business successfully for twenty years, and 
 then (in 1870) sold it to ]>. Powers & Sons, who were, and still are, 
 engaged in the same line of manufacturing at Lansingburgh, X. 
 Y. The firm secured Mr. Gearn as superintendent of the works in 
 this city, in which relation he has ever since remained. He employs 
 between forty and fifty men, and manufactures annually about three 
 hundred thousand yards of oil-cloth. 
 
 Mr. Gearn has seen Newburgh grow from a village of aljoul eiglit 
 thousand population to a city of nearly twenty-four thousand. With 
 the exception of Homer Ramsdell, he is the only one left in active 
 business of those who were in business when he came to Ncwburgh 
 in 1847. Mr. Gearn was elected a Trustee of tlic common schools in 
 1876, and served four years. In early life he united with the First 
 Associate Reformed Church, and was chosen an elder. After I^r. Mc- 
 Carrell's death he joined Union Presbyterian Church, in whose fel- 
 lowship he still continues. In recognition fjf his services in aid of 
 Grace M. K. Church, he was elected several years ago a trustee of 
 
 that society, thougli not a member of it. Mr. Gearn married first, 
 Mary C, daughter of Dr. John Fowler, of Newburgh, and, second, 
 Sarah, daughter of Edward Mapes, of Newburgh. He has had seven 
 sons and one daughter: John H.. Glonana, Walter R., George F., 
 Fred A., Frank F., Charles and Henry. The daughter, Gloriana, 
 and John H. and Henry died in infancy. 
 
 THOMAS COLDWELL, inventor, and President of the Coldwell 
 Lawn Mower Company, was born at .Stalybridge, England, in 1838. 
 His father brought him to America in 1841, and settled at Matteawan, 
 N. Y. He \s-as not allowed to spend many years at school, and when 
 only eleven years old he learned to cut files in Rothery's file shops 
 where his father was employed. At fifteen he learned to grind files 
 with his father, and at eighteen was bound as an apprentice to Mr. 
 Rothery to learn how to forge files. So much for his start in life. 
 
 Thomas Coldwell has earned success mainly through his genius 
 for invention; and as an inventor, rather than as a manufacturer 
 merely, he will best be remembered. Early in life his mind turned 
 in that direction, and evolved contrivances of various kinds. His 
 first real invention was a file-cutting machine, which he patented in 
 1S63. He was at that time employed at the Washington Iron Works 
 in this city, where he had a contract under the iron works company 
 to finish gun carriages for the government. This was one of the first 
 machines made for this purpose, and was his first practical accom- 
 plishment as a machinist. The following year he was hired by the 
 company to do machine work on a car contract they had. Such was 
 his natural aptitude for machanics, that in six weeks the work was 
 .given into his charge, and a few weeks later he took the work by 
 contract. 
 
 In the meantime he had been perfecting his invention, at consider- 
 able expense, and had sold an interest in it to Homer Ramsdell and 
 
 THOMAS COLDWELL. 
 
 George M. Clapp. In 18(4 Messrs. Ramsdell and Clapp sold their 
 interest in the machine to the Eagle File Works at Middletown, N. Y. , 
 and Mr. Coldwell moved there to perfect the invention. 
 
268 
 
 N E W B U R G H . 
 
 But rile* blanks were \cr\' iiiiporfcutU' nunle id that perind. ami the 
 file-cutting" maehine was not a g'l'eat success. Then Mr. CuMwell 
 invented a file-stripping machine, which was very successful, and is 
 still in use. He sold it to the Eagle File Works. In later years this 
 invention became a bone of contentitin among several of the largest 
 file-niakei's of the country, one of whom informed Mr. Coklwell he 
 would have given ten thousand dollars for the ownership. 
 
 In iS()5 he abandoned the file cutting-machine, left Middletown, 
 and returned to Matteawan, where he entered the employ of II. N. 
 Swift, then the only lawn-mower manufacturer in the United States. 
 Mr. Coldwell invented several useful tools for Mv. Shift's factory, and 
 also a machine fur making felt, \vhieh other persons patented, and 
 yet the entire invention was the work of Mr. Coldwell and a fellow wcjrk- 
 man. In iS6S Mr. Coldwell, with the assistance of George L. Chad- 
 born, invented anew lawn-mower, and in January, 1869, formed a part- 
 nership with Lewis M. Smith, of Newbvirgh, to manufacture mowers, 
 under the firm name of Chadborn, Coldwell & Co. The f(jllowing 
 year the Chadborn .& Coldwell Jlanufacturing Company was organ- 
 ized with Jlr. Coldwell as president. 
 
 Mr. Coldwell continued as president cjf the Chadborn & Coldwell 
 Manufacturing Company until September, 1S91, when he withdrew 
 from that company and organized the Coldwell Lawn Mower Com- 
 pany, which began 
 
 its legal existence 7,.^, . , ■ 
 
 October 5, 1S91, with 
 the following of- 
 ficers; Thomas Cold- 
 well, President; Al- 
 bert W. Mapes, 
 Treasurer; William 
 H. Coldwell, Secre- 
 tar)-. I) i rectors — 
 Thomas Coldwell, 
 Albert W. Mapes, J. 
 Howard Sweetser. 
 William Wright, and 
 J. V. Jordan. Tlic 
 company is charter- 
 ed to manufacture 
 lawn-mowers, agri- 
 cultural and horti- 
 cultural machines 
 and implements, and 
 general machinery. 
 It has a paid-up cap- 
 ital of S'Jo,ooo, which 
 
 is ample for the present requirements. A factory is being erected 
 expressly for the business on the block bounded by South William, 
 Lander and Sprin.g Streets. Its capacity will be from 150 to 200 
 mowers each day. 
 
 Mr. Coldwell in partnership with his son William H. has recently 
 obtained several patents, covering over twenty-five new inventions 
 on lawn-mowers, beef-cutters and other implements. In all he has 
 taken out over twenty patents on various machines. His brusli-trim- 
 mcr is the only successful one in the market, and is used in almost 
 every large brush factory in this cfnintry and England. 
 
 Mr. Coldwell is a man of varied attainments, not alone in mechan- 
 ics. He has worked in the capacity of machinist, draughtsman, pat- 
 tern-maker, traveller, and president of lawn-mower companies. He 
 is a fluent writer, and his occasional letters from abroad to the press 
 at home are always interesting. Likewise his public addresses never 
 fail to entertain or instruct. He has seen a great deal of the world, 
 for he keeps his eyes open when he travels. He has been to Europe 
 nine times, to California three times, and has introduced lawn-mowers 
 into every large city and in every country from San Francisco, Cal., 
 to Vienna, Austria. He attended the two great Paris expositions of 
 1S78 and 1889, and at the international lawn-mower trial at Liverpool 
 in I SS6 he took both first premiums from the Royal show for his mowers. 
 
 Mr. Coldwell was also the founder of the Coldwell-Wilcox Com- 
 pany (iron founders and machinists), and altogether has filled an im- 
 
 liEORGE C WENZEL — Late Proprietor of the Newburgh Paper-Box Factory, 
 
 portant place in the businesslife of the city. Apart from his business, 
 his time has mamly been given to religious and benevolent \cork. 
 He has been an officer of the First Baptist Church for fifteen years, 
 and a mainstay of the Y. M. C. A. for many years. Of the latter he 
 was President for two years. In the great revivals led by Graves, 
 Doutney and Moody in this city he had a prominent part. In 1861 
 Ml-, Coldwell married Josephine Tcrwilli.ger, of Storm ville, N. Y., 
 and has two sons and one dauglitcr. 
 
 GEORGE C. WENZEL. late President of the Common Coun- 
 cil aii'l Ahkiiiuui-at-Largc. was born at Goettingen, Hanover, Ger- 
 many, and came to this country witli his parents when a year and a 
 half old. They settled in New York, and George attended the day 
 school of the Collegiate Reformefl Dutch Church. His father, a pa- 
 per-box manufacturer, was in business cm Broadway, opposite Trinity 
 Church, but was burned out in 1857 and retired from the trade. George 
 C. Wenzel first learned paper-box making in his father's factory, and 
 afterwards served an apprenticeshi]} as a carriage-trimmer. iJuring 
 the war he left his trade and worked for the Government at Water- 
 town (Mass.) Arsenal, then in charge of Captain Rodman, the inventor 
 of the Rodman gun; many of that style were built at the arsenal dur- 
 ing the two years 
 Jlr. Wenzel was 
 there. For five years 
 thereafter he made 
 paper boxes for a 
 New York confec- 
 tiimer. In 1S69 he 
 came to Xewburgh 
 as the foreman of 
 the paper - bf»x de- 
 partment of Jesse 
 Oakley's large soap 
 works in this city. 
 He made himself a 
 very useful man 
 there. He built up 
 their trade in fancy 
 boxes of soap, by 
 inventing many new 
 designs and execut- 
 ing a high grade of 
 work. He also while 
 there invented a ma- 
 chine for moulding 
 soup. 1 1 was built at the Jackson foundry in New York at an expense 
 of eight thousand dollars and used with great success in the factory. It 
 is now in use by the Oakley Soap and Perfumery Company at Jersey 
 City. He also invented and patented an apparatus for variegating soap. 
 When the firm of Jesse Oakley & Co. ceased business, in 1SS3, Mr. 
 Wenzel started a paper-box manufactory at No. 19 Water Street, and a 
 few years later moved to Nos. 87 and 89 Water St. He employed about 
 twenty-five or thirty hands. The business is now conducted by his 
 widow. lie was twice elected Alderman-at-Large, and at the annual 
 meeting of the Common Council in March, 1S91, he w-as elected Presi- 
 dent. For three years he was a member of the Board of Excise. In 
 liis social relations he was prominent in the Turn Verein, the Ma:n- 
 ncrchor. Knights of Honor, a Past Master of Newburgh Lodge, F. 
 anil A. M., and a member of the Chapter and Commandery. He 
 married Elizabeth A. Ruhle, of New York, and had three sons and three 
 daughters. He died Saturday, April 4, 1S91, and was buried Tues- 
 day, April 7, from St. George's Church. The Mayor and Common 
 Council and other municipal Boards, and the societies to which he 
 belonged, escorted the remains to St. George's Cemetery, 
 
 BELKNAP & McCANN, soap manufacturers. No. 2 Water Street, 
 corner I'irst. This business was started by Abel Belknap, the grand- 
 father of the present senior partner, al.iout the year 1800. The first 
 
NEW BURGH. 
 
 269 
 
 factory was a small building on the west side of Soutli Water Street 
 near the corner of First. After two or three year.s' time the business 
 was removed to the northeast corner of "Water and First ,'-;treets, 
 
 *■■■ 
 
 
 % 
 
 ' ^ t ■ 
 
 
 ««, i- 
 
 
 'r^i 
 
 
 iat*.: 
 
 
 1 ■ , ■ ■■' 
 
 THOMAS M, McCANN, 
 
 BELKNAP it McCANN'S SOAP FACTORY. 
 
 where it has remained ever since. The biiildint^s were enlarged 
 from time tf> time to meet the growing needs of the business, imtil 
 August, 1847, when the)' were entirely destroyed by fire. They were 
 immediately re-built and, with some additions, remained until 1882, 
 when the running of the West Shore Railroad through the property- 
 rendered necessarj' the re-building of the factory portion. This was 
 done in a most sub- 
 stantial manner, 
 and ne%v and im- 
 proved machinery- 
 placed in it, giving 
 facilities for doing 
 a large business. 
 The buildings were 
 then completed as 
 they now stand. 
 
 After the death 
 of Abel Belknap in 
 November, 1S04. 
 the business was 
 continued for fifty 
 years by his twfi 
 sons Abel and 
 Moses II., under 
 the firm name of 
 A. & M. II. Bel- 
 knap. Under theii- 
 management the 
 business increased 
 and prospered. 
 There was one re- 
 markable feature 
 in connection «-ith 
 
 BAZZONI BUILDING- Corner of Grand Street and Broadway 
 „( L J B.iiJoni, See Page 265] 
 
 [For Biography and Portrait of 
 
 the relations of these partners to each other which deserves 
 mention, as it is so unusual in these latter days. There were 
 never any formal articles f>f co-partnership, but only a verljal under- 
 standing that they were to do business together as equal partners, 
 and all the funds were common property. All investments, excepting 
 their private resi- 
 dences, were made 
 in the name of the 
 firm. Each drew 
 out what cash he 
 jjleased, and bills 
 against either were 
 paid from the com- 
 mon fund without 
 any charge there- 
 for being made on 
 the liooks of the 
 firm. These broth- 
 ers, who lived and 
 labored together so 
 amicably for half a 
 century, died with- 
 in less than three 
 months of each 
 other, Abel dying 
 < Ictcjber ig, 1854, 
 and Moses H. Jan- 
 uary 4, 1855. After 
 the deatli of the 
 last of tile part- 
 ners, in March. 
 1.S55, .Moses C. Bel- 
 knap, the son of 
 Moses H., formed 
 a partnership with Thomas M. .McCann, who liad learned the trade 
 with and had been many years in the en-iploy of the old firm, under 
 the style of Belknap & McCann. This partnership continued for 
 thirty-five years, until February 22, 1890, when Thomas JM. JlcCann, 
 by reason of failing health, retired, and was succeeded by his son, 
 .\le.xander 1)., who had been in the employ of the concern for 
 eighteen years, ^vho then became a partner with Mr. Belknap, the 
 firm name continuing the same. The business is still conducted by 
 them. This concern has always been the leading one in this .section, 
 
 in the manufacture 
 and sale of soap 
 and candles and 
 the rendering of 
 tallow and grease. 
 Their rendering es- 
 tablishment at first 
 in the soap factory, 
 was afterward re- 
 moved to ,South 
 Water Street and 
 liually to A\' e s t 
 Newburgh, where 
 it is now situated. 
 Their business has 
 been principalh- a 
 local one, mostly 
 con fined to this 
 and the adjoining- 
 counties, although 
 they have at times 
 shipped their prod- 
 ucts to the South 
 and to the West 
 Indies. They have 
 always made a pure 
 and unadulterated 
 
270 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 article of soap. They have also manufactured large quantities of cheap- 
 er grades of soap for those who were more particular about prices than 
 quality. The demand for tallow candles havmg almost ceased, in 
 consequence of the introduction and cheapness of kerosene oil, they 
 several years ago discontinued the manufacture of them, but continu- 
 ed the sale of them, as well as of wax and Adamantine. They have 
 never given their attention to the manufacture of fancy soaps or per- 
 fumes, but have always dealt in the best articles in those lines. 
 
 THOMAS M. McCANN was born in the Town of New Windsor, 
 N. Y., near Washmgton Square, February 1, 1826, of Scotch-Irish pa- 
 rentage. He was the elder of two sons of Alexander and Sarah (Caven) 
 McCann. His brother, David C, died when at college in Pennsyl- 
 vania. Mr. McCann's early education was that which the common- 
 school afforded in v.'hat is now known as the Silver Stream school 
 district. When nearly seventeen years of age he left the farm and 
 came to the village of Newburgh, and learned his trade with the firm 
 of A. & M. H. Belknap. After the death of the members composing 
 this firm he entered into partnership with M. C. Belknap, son of M. 
 H. Belknap, and continued the business with him for a period of 
 thirty-five years. And on account of failing health he, on the 22d 
 of February, iSgo, withdrew from the firm in favor of his son, Alex- 
 ander D. McCann. For many years Mr. McCann has been an Elder 
 and a Trustee of the First United Presbyterian Church, and for 
 twenty-five years was treasurer of the congregation. Of the Theo- 
 logical Seminary in Newburgh he has been Trustee and Treasurer 
 for thirty years. 
 
 ssss 
 
 SWEET, ORR & CO., (Clayton E. Sweet, James Orr and Clin- 
 ton W. Sweet,) manufacturers of pantaloons, coats, outing shirts, 
 overalls and workingmen's garments generally. The business of 
 manufacturing overalls and working clothing is one of the most pros- 
 perous and rapidly-growing enterprises in Newburgh. It is of com- 
 paratively recent origin, and the firm of Sweet, Orr & Co. was the 
 pioneer in the field. The idea of a manufactory of overalls originated 
 with ilr. Orr, one of the firm, at a time when these useful garments 
 were still made by women at their homes, much of the work being 
 given out by agents of clothing stores in the cities. Naturally, work 
 done in such an unsystematic and irregular way was poorly done, and 
 failed to meet the demand for a durable and reliable workingmen's 
 garment. The goods were inferior, the colors objectionable, and the 
 shape usuall)' unsuited to the character of the employment. Besides, 
 they would rip and tear easily, and the buttons were provokingly 
 unreliable. 
 
 During a residence in California at the time of the gold excite- 
 ment Mr. Orr found there was a demand among mechanics and 
 laboring men for a well-made, neat and durable overall, one with 
 seams that would not rip, and buttons that could not be pulled off. 
 Eventually, in the Fall of 1871, Mr. Orr was enabled, through the aid 
 of Clayton E. and Clinton W. Sweet, his nephews, to put his ideas 
 into practical operation. When he broached the subject to them, 
 they were favorably impressed, and it was agreed that Mr. Orr 
 should make a pair as a sample, and they would investigate further. 
 
 This occurred at Wappingers Falls, where Clayton E. Sweet was 
 postmaster and a leading man in business. Mr. Orr being a practical 
 tailor, went out to a store and bought the goods, cut out the pattern 
 and soon had the overalls made. They took the sample to New 
 York the next day and made inquiries of the trade as to how they 
 would sell, and they were assured by the merchants that if they made 
 all the garments as good as the sample, and sold them for a reason- 
 able price, there would be no difficulty in finding a market. 
 
 With this assurance they returned to W^appingers Falls, formed 
 the firm of Sweet, Orr & Co., and started the first factory in America 
 for the manufacture of overalls. From that time the enterprise was 
 successful, the factory was rapidly enlarged, steam power was intro- 
 reduced, and in the year 1876 they had 250 employees operating ma- 
 chines driven by a forty-horse power engine, and the weekly product 
 
 was nearly a thousand dozen pairs. The overalls were now bemg sold 
 all over the country, and it seemed impossible to keep up with the 
 demand, as the firm could not obtain help enough in the village. 
 Sweet, Orr & Co. had won a name for making an overall that would 
 not rip, with buttons that would not come off; and while better in 
 every particular than those made in the old way, they were also sold 
 for a moderate price. 
 
 In 1880, when the firm were several thousand dozen pairs behind 
 their orders, and greater facilities were imperatively demanded, they 
 determined to start another factory in Newburgh, and make it their 
 principal headquarters. They were led to this selection by a consid- 
 eration, not only of the probability of securing sufficient help, but of 
 the very manifest advantages which Newburgh possessed for a 
 manufacturing center. 
 
 Without detailing their every progressive step since their coming 
 to Newburgh— which if fully described would be considered almost 
 marvelous— the accompanying illustrations exhibit the magnitude 
 of the works to-day. The factory occupies a site having a front- 
 age of 150 feet on Broadway and 275 feet on Concord Street. It 
 is completely equipped with machinery driven by two large steam 
 engines. The buildings are Ughted by both gas and electricity, 
 heated by steam, and protected from fire by automatic sprinklers, a 
 powerful fire pump and a well-drilled fire brigade. The principal 
 work rooms are on the upper floor of the main building. The ma- 
 chine rooms have peculiar semi-glass roofs, which admit abundance 
 of light, but keep out the dazzUng rays of the sun. Extending the 
 length of the rooms are great tables fitted with several hundred 
 sewing machines, at which are seated operators sewmg together 
 various parts of the garment. In another department the button- 
 holes are made by hand and the patented buttons fastened on by 
 machinery. In another room the goods are cut by machinery, which 
 cuts from forty to seventy-five thicknesses of goods at one stroke, 
 depending on the thickness of the goods. All garments are thor- 
 oughly inspected before shipping. The order that is maintained is 
 perfect; everybody has certain work to do and is expected to do it 
 well. The Orr Pantaloon Overalls will not rip. A case is reported from 
 Philadelphia, where a carpenter, working on a roof, slipped and fell, 
 but was caught by a spike in his overall, and remained suspended in 
 the air until he was rescvied; the overalls, by their great strength, 
 saved his life. 
 
 Besides the Newburgh factory, of which Charles \V. Bartrum is 
 superintendent, the firm have another at Wappingers Falls, which 
 is run under the supervision of Thomson E. Goring, employing 
 several hundred hands. I'hey have an office and warerooms at No. 
 115 Worth Street, New York City, and another branch house at Nos. 
 260 and 262 Fifth Avenue, Chicago. The)' were not only the pioneers 
 in the trade, but have ever since been the leaders in it, their motto 
 being continued improvement. Their trade extends all over this broad 
 land, to Chili and other South American countries, and even across 
 the Atlantic. 
 
 It seems almost unnecessary to speak at any length of the merits 
 of the garments made by this firm. They speak for themselves. 
 Sweet, Orr & Co. revolutionized" the clothing trade of the country, 
 and have, by offering neat, well-made and serviceable garments at 
 small cost, been of incalculable benefit to the working classes. The 
 specialties of the establishment are the Orr Pantaloon Overalls— 
 which have become celebrated for their strength and durability- 
 pantaloons, outing shirts, and workingmen's garments generally. 
 All are made of the most substantial materials, sewed with the best 
 thread and fitted with the strongest buttons obtainable. Among 
 them is a style of all-wool pantaloons which have gained popularity, 
 owing to the care taken in the selection of fine designs of fabric and 
 the adoption of patterns which give an excellent fit. They look 
 as well as custom-made pantaloons, and will stand a greater 
 amount of rough wear, yet they are sold so cheaply that they are 
 within the reach of the poorest-paid laborer. Occasionally the fac- 
 tory fills orders for entire suits of clothing. The constant endeavor 
 of the firm is to give satisfaction, believing that handsome, durable 
 and well-jiiade garments at reasonable prices will never fail of find- 
 ing a market. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 271 
 
 
272 
 
 NEWBUKGH. 
 
 
 C •- r ,< .^ , % 
 
 .., u; -J ,2: 
 
 
 
 ,' '' 
 ''it 
 
 ■v.'j; 
 
 f 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 ■ /o 
 
2 74 
 
 N E W B U 1< G n . 
 
NEWBUKGH 
 
 •75 
 
 -J 
 
2 76 
 
 NHWBURGH. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 277 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 CLAYTON E. SWEET, of the firm of Sweet, Orr & Co., \v;is idi^iit Grant. He was also a director of the Fallkill National Bank of 
 born at Wappingcrs Falls, N. v., June i6, 1S34, and after a large- Inis- Ponghkeepsie, and a vestryman of the Zion Episcopal Church of 
 
 CLAYTON E. SWEET, 
 
 iness experience in that town he moved in Xewburgh in 1SS7, to which 
 city the business offices i^f the company were changed that year. His 
 father was for m a n )- 
 
 years a merchant and K^ ^ W j^'' 
 
 manufacturer in^Vappin- 
 gers Falls, and for a per- 
 iod postmaster of the vil- 
 lage. Mr. Sweet was ed- 
 ucated at the pubhc 
 schools of his native 
 place, and at the iJutch- 
 css C'tunt}' .Vcadem\- at 
 I-'oughkeepsic. 'I'iien for 
 three years he was in the 
 employ of Levi Cotjk & 
 Co., merchants on Broad- 
 way, Xew York. He re- 
 turned to Wappingers 
 Falls to enter his father's 
 store, and ere long ^^-as 
 made a partner. 
 
 For many )e:us Mr. 
 Sweet was one of tlie 
 leading b 11 s i n e ss men 
 of the place and of great 
 usefulness to the com- 
 munity. He was one of 
 the first trustees of the 
 Wiippingers S a ^• 1 n g s 
 Hank, and acted as its 
 secretary and treasurer 
 until it obtained a sub- 
 stantial footing; he was afterwards elected vice-president of the insti- 
 tution, For seven years he was postmaster of the village under Prcs- 
 
 JAMES ORR. 
 
 Wappingers Falls. Since 1.S76 Mr. Sweet has given his whole atten- 
 tion to his manufacturing, relinquishing all other bu.siness interests. 
 
 Since he has been a citi- 
 zen of Newburgh he has 
 taken a high standing 
 in the social and busi- 
 ness life of the citv. He 
 is a trustee of the New- 
 burgh Savings Bank, a 
 vestryman of St. George's 
 Episcopal Church, vice- 
 president of the New- 
 burgh City Club, and a 
 member of the Lotos 
 Club of New Y.irk, He 
 married in 1S60, Chattie 
 Itemise, daughter of Hon, 
 James Planning, of Beth- 
 any, Pa., and a lineal de- 
 scendant of Captain 
 Bazaliel Tyler, a soldier 
 of the Revolution, wdio 
 was killed when leading 
 the advance guard at tlie 
 battle of Minisink. Mr, 
 and Jlrs. Sweet have one 
 son and two daughters. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF CLAYTON E, SWEET-230 Montgomery Street. 
 
 JAMES ORR was 
 
 l)orn February 5, 1820, 
 His parents, who were 
 
 among the earliest residents of Wappingers Falls, N. Y,, moved 
 there from Vermont while he was quite a lad. He was enured 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 79 
 
 to labor in his earliest years, an<l after working in the various fac- 
 tories, was apprentieed to Andrew Laws<in, nf Poughkeepsic, to learn 
 the tailor trade. In 1^4,1 lie started a tailoring business in Pough- 
 keepsie, and was afterward in the same business at Burlington, Vt. 
 He went to California in 1S50, during the gold excitement, and spent 
 
 Mr. Orr continued as the practical manager of the factory atWap- 
 piugers Falls until the Fall of 18S0, when he came to Newburgh to 
 reside, in order to superintend the construction and operation of the 
 Newburgh factory. Several years ago he retired from active busi- 
 ness, now giving but slight attention to llie details of the business, 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JAMES ORR- Bjlm^ille. 
 
 several years there, for the most part as agent of the Singer Sewing 
 Machine Company. There it was that he conceived the idea of man- 
 ufacturing overalls. He found there was a demand for a durable 
 article, and he set a few hands at work making them on his sewing 
 machines. After his return to the East in 1S61 he followed agricul- 
 ture for ten years in Oswego County, X. Y., and at the end of tliat 
 time still had his fortune to make. The favoralsle impressions he had 
 formed in California with regard to overall-manufacturing yet clung 
 
 but rather enjoying the leisure lie has so well earned. Mr. (Jrr has 
 three daughters married, wives, respectively, of United States Sen- 
 ator Hansbrough, of North Dakota; Robert N. Whelan, of New- 
 burgh; and James S. Ro\-, of ^^'appingers Falls, N. Y. 
 
 CLINTON W. SWEET was born at AVappingers Falls, gradii- 
 ated at the Dutchess County Academy, and early m life began busi- 
 
 mev::m: 
 
 'irff^'~»f-^tti^J- ♦■ 
 
 ^'*n*^;5»*>-j»^_. < si 
 
 ICE HOUSES OF MUCHATTOES LAKE ICE COMPANY-West Newb.rgh, 
 
 to him, and in the Fall »i 1S71 he laid his jjlans licfore bis nephews— 
 now his business partners— with the result that the great industry ol 
 
 which we have written had its origin in the manner we have described. 
 
 ness al Rockf(jrd, 111. In March, 1S6S, in partnership with the late 
 David Ij. Croly (whose wife was "Jennie June "), he estal)lished the 
 Real Estate Record, with the publication ofliee in New York City, 
 
:8o 
 
 N E W B LI R G H . 
 
 ii 
 
 aiul has L(>ntiiun.(l ;is ils i.'tiiL.)i' ever 
 
 tllc J<iiOlil ,111,/ i.iu/,1,. Ik- is also tllL- eilili.l' -MVX |llllllislKi' 111 
 
 llic Rcv/Vi,i ,uul l\,, ,'iii, of llniciklyii, and tliL- . li\ hitccl ii r,il IxCKrd . 
 
 an illustraU'il ciuarlcrly inai^azinc published ill Xcw York Citv. Mr. 
 
 Swuet is a nienilK-r ol' I he Uninn 
 
 Leav;'ne and Loins ehihs. IK- ri^-sides 
 
 in Xew Yoi-k L'it\- in llie W'inler, and 
 
 on hiseoniUrv seat at 1 )un\\'oodie in 11 le 
 
 Snninier. lie is the l)n\-er Tor the I'ae- 
 
 tories of Sweet, t >rr tS: Co., and has an 
 
 oversiylU of the Inisiness at the Xew 
 
 York lionse. 
 
 ;,;a^-e 
 war, 
 
 MUCHATTOES LAKE ICE COM- 
 PANY. This business was liev^un in 
 the ^Vinter of 1S50-I10 by James K. 
 Diekson, and in 1.^03 was purehased b\- 
 Kenjamiu B. Odell, who eonducted it 
 till 1SS6, when he organized the Aluehat- 
 toes Lake lee Company, tif whieh he 
 became ancl still remains the President. 
 Benjamin B. ( idell, Jr., is .Secretary 
 and Treasurer; IL B. ( >dell. Superin- 
 tendent. The above offieers, with Wil- 
 liam Ct. Taggart and Henry MeCann, 
 constitute the Board of Direetcirs. The 
 company's ice hovises are situated on 
 Muchattoes Lake ami AVait's Pond, 
 The company employ in the Summer 
 season abcnit thirty men, with ten wagi 
 their eitv patrons. The eompan\-"s ollie 
 
 HON. BENJAMIN B UDELL 
 
 his allegiance to the Reiaibliean party, warmly sujiported the 
 and has ever since been a devoted adherent to Republican 
 principles, and a champion of its cause in this city. In recent years, 
 especially, he has been concerned in a prominent way with the ad- 
 ministration of public alTairs, and, as a 
 substantial citizen, a ijarticij^ant in all 
 noteworthy movements of the time. 
 In iSfi3 he was a Trustee of the vil- 
 lage, in isf)5 an Alderman from the 
 Third AVanl. In jSyy, having for a 
 number of years been a resident of New 
 Windsor, he was elected Supervisor of 
 that town. In 1SS0-S3 he was the ef- 
 lieient Sheriff of the county, and in 
 1S84, recognizing his fitness and his 
 long and valuable services to his party, 
 he was elected by his townsmen Mayor 
 of Xewburgh. Twice afterwards he 
 was re-elected, and was the only mayor 
 who was thus honored. The honora- 
 ble and important duties of the olTice 
 he performed with dignity and fidelity. 
 His administration of six years was an 
 era of great progress on the part of the 
 city, and witnessed the creation of 
 many public improvements, and rapid 
 increase in population. He refused to 
 be a candidate for another term, and 
 retired in March, 1^00. 
 
 to distrilnUc- tll(.-ir ice to 
 ; at Xo, 14 'Water Street. 
 
 HON. BENJAMIN B. ODELL was b..rn in the Town of Xew 
 Windsor, September 25, 1S25. His parents were Isaac and Mary .V. 
 Odell, who came here in iS2(j, and settled upon what was known as 
 the governor Clinton 
 
 Homestead, in the Town , 
 
 of New Windsor. He re- 
 mained in >fewd)urgh un- 
 til fifteen years old, at- 
 tendin.g school dnrin,g a 
 part of this time. In 1S40 
 he was liound out to 
 Abram Wcllcr, of the 
 Town of Montg(jmery, 
 as a farm hand, remain- 
 ing w-ith ilr. AVcller for 
 three years. In 1^43 he 
 came to Xewburgh and 
 entered the empli;y of 
 Benj. W. YanXort, with 
 whom he remained until 
 1-^47, when he Liegan bus- 
 iness on his own account. 
 
 In 1S50 lie married 
 r)pheli:i Bookst4L\-er, and 
 the union ]-emains un- 
 broken up to the jiresent 
 time. In iSf)3 he pur- 
 chased from J. R. Dick- 
 son the ice property now- 
 known as Mnciiatloes 
 Lake, and conducted the 
 bu.siness personally up to 
 the year 1886, when he 
 
 organized the JIuehattoes Lake Ice Company, of whic 
 still remains, the President. Politically, ]iri-vious 
 Odcll M-as a 1 lemocrcd, but upon the llring upon 
 
 RESIDENCE OF HON. BENJAMIN B. ODELL— 18a Grand Street. 
 
 le liccamc, and 
 i the war, Mr, 
 irt Sumter he 
 
 BENJAMIN B. ODELL, JR., \\as born January 14, 1^54, in this 
 city. lie was educated in the public schools of our city, and after 
 graduating from the Academy in 1S74, became a student at Bethany 
 College, Bethany, West Virginia. He remained there one year, and 
 then entered Columbia College in Xew York City, where he continued 
 until 1S77. While at college he took an active i')art in athletics, and 
 more or less interest in boating, and was offered but declined a posi- 
 tion in the Colun-ibia 
 
 , Uni\-crsit\- cre\v of 1.^75. 
 
 On leaving college he en- 
 gaged with his father in 
 the ice business, and u]i- 
 on the alisorptitui of his 
 father's interest by the 
 Muchattoes Lake Ice 
 Company in 18S6, he be- 
 came the secretary and 
 treasurer i>f the new com- 
 pany, which position he 
 has held e\-er since. 
 
 In issS he, together 
 with oth<.r \vell known 
 residents of Xcwdiurgh, 
 bought a majority of the 
 stock ,A the Xewbur.gh 
 I-Tectric Li,ght and Power 
 c'ouipany, anil has acted 
 since then as its presi- 
 dent. The Havcrstraw 
 Electric Light, Heat and 
 Power Company was or- 
 ganized b-\' him in i.^iji, 
 and of this corporation 
 he is also president. 
 
 As a Free Mason Mr. 
 
 ( )ilell holds membership 
 
 in Xewburgh Lodge, 
 
 three years, and became under 
 
 Lawrence the 1 listrict I k-puty 
 
 1 dstrii-t, c-omprising the counties 
 
 Xo, 
 
 tlK- 
 llr: 
 
 301), .md has been its Master bir 
 adminislr.-ition of Crrand Masle 
 ml .Master for llu- Tenth Masonic 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 281 
 
 of Orange, Rueklaml, Sullivan ami I'lster, Ik- is also a nicnil)cr nf 
 Highland Chapter, K. A. M.; llu.lsnn River Cniniamlery, K. 1'.; 
 Acme Lodge, I. O, (). F., Mt. Olive Eneampniein, and Cantun Wi.i.d- 
 
 ward I'a I r i arehs 
 Militant. In social 
 affairs he takes a 
 hvely interest, be- 
 ing connected with 
 the ( )range Lake 
 Club, the New- 
 burgh City Club, 
 and the Republi- 
 can Club c.f the 
 City of Newburgh, 
 and similar organi- 
 zations in the Citv 
 of New York. 
 
 Mr. Odell is an 
 earnest Republi- 
 can, and as such 
 takes an active 
 part in polities. As 
 the State Commit- 
 teeman for the dis- 
 trict he is a leader, 
 and has earned the 
 distinction by long 
 and valuable ser- 
 vice for the partv. 
 He is furthermore 
 a member of the 
 E xecu t i ve Com- 
 mittee of the New York Republican State Committee, and was (jne (■! 
 the Committee of three on Platform appointed with Colonel S. \'. R. 
 Cruger and Hon. James W. Htisted to draft the platform of the party 
 for the campaign of 1.S90. The only official political position he has 
 occupied w-as that of Supcr\-isor of the Census for the counties of 
 Orange, Rockland, Ulster, Sullivan and Delaware. 
 
 Mr. Odell has been twice married; his first wife was Estelle Crist, 
 who was drowned in 
 a steamboat collision 
 on the Hudson 
 River in 1S.S8, and 
 his second wife be- 
 ing Linda C. Trap- 
 hagen.of Xewburgh. 
 
 afterwards advanced to second lieutenant and to first lieutenant. lie 
 was a nieiubcr <:( the 17th Battalion Rilie Team during its existence. 
 Mr. I )dell is prominent in Republican politics, and has frequently 
 been a delegate to 
 con Yen t i on s; in 
 1SS4 he was a 
 member of the Re- 
 publican State 
 Convention. In the 
 years iSSo to i,S,S2, 
 inclusive, he was 
 Under Sherilf of 
 the county, in 
 charge of the (to- 
 shen Court House, 
 his father then Ije- 
 ing vSheriff. For 
 seven years he was 
 a member of Ring- 
 gold Hose Com- 
 pany, and f(jr a 
 period its secre- 
 tary, lie married 
 Edith Booth, of 
 Kingston. 
 
 BENJAMIN B ODELL, JR. 
 
 HIRAM B. ODELL 
 
 H. B. ODELL 
 IS a son of Hon. Ben- 
 jamin B. Odell, and 
 was born in New- 
 burgh August 21, 
 1856. After leaving 
 school he assisted 
 his father in hi , 
 large ice business, 
 and in 1886 was 
 elected Superinten- 
 dent and a Director 
 in the Muehattocs 
 Lake Ice Company, 
 and fills that position 
 at the present time. 
 In 1891 he was also 
 
 appointed Superintendent of the Newburgh IClcctric Light am 
 Company, and the same year assisted in the organization 
 Haverstraw Electric Light, Heat ami I'owcr I'onipany, of which he is 
 Secretary. He was one of the charter members of Com]>any I'^, 17"' 
 Battalion. He was elected a corporal at the organization, ami uas 
 
 THE GRANITE 
 
 THE GRANITE 
 CITY SOAP 
 COMPANY, Ceo. 
 W. Slade, of Fall 
 R-iver, President; 
 
 F. W. Potter, Treasurer and General Manager, This company was 
 organized in jVpril, 1888, under the laws of the State of Maine, which 
 atford sjnecial advantages to manufacturing corporations. Its corpo- 
 rators were largely residents of Fall River, Mass., from which place 
 the comjDany received its name. Its works were located in Fall River, 
 where they began the manufacture of Sladc's Amber Soap, under 
 the trade mark of "SAS," which cabalistic letters were used very 
 
 i n g e n i o u s 1 3' as a 
 l.Kisis for introducing 
 this now celebrated 
 soap. It also manu- 
 factured the White 
 Elephant Soap, for 
 bath , toilet and laun- 
 dry purposes. These 
 two soaps became 
 well and extensively 
 known in the New 
 England Slates, and 
 won a reputation for 
 excellence that is 
 maintained at the 
 ];)resent time. 
 
 Early in the Sum- 
 mer of 1S90 the man- 
 agers conceived the 
 plan of making the 
 company co-opera- 
 ti\-e, and at the same 
 time of taking up the 
 m an u fad u re o f 
 laundry soaps. A 
 large number iif the 
 retail "Tocersof the eastern New Fnglaml States at once saw the ad van ■ 
 ta"X-sof the ]ilan ami became stoekholclers. In looking about U>v works 
 suitable for tlii'ir purposes, they found thai (lie famous Oakley Works 
 in Newburgh were on the market. The purchase was made in June, 
 iSno, and possession taken immediately. The purchase of the (Jakley 
 
 CITY SOAP COMPANY'S FACTORY, 
 
 I'owcr 
 ,f the 
 
28: 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 factory included all the trademarks and brands so widely known and 
 made so valuable by Jesse Oakley, and which were afterwards eon- 
 trolled by his successors, L. & J. ( )akley, by whom the present factory 
 was built in iSS6. It is probably the most completely eipiipped soap 
 factory in this country. The dimensions of Ihc factory are as follnws: 
 Its length on Liberty Street is 234 feet, its depth is 125 feet i>n 
 Benkard Avenue and South William Street, witli a front and rear 
 projection atlording spacious offices in front, and in the rear roums 
 for storing soap ready for shipment, a completely equipped box sliop, 
 laboratory, and printing room, with most complete facilities for re- 
 ceiving and delivery. The ground owned by the company is ample 
 for any extension that the company may desire to make, should its 
 business outgrow the present facilities. Its present capacity is socj 
 boxes of soap a day. This, we believe, is the first co-operative soup 
 plan ever tried, and while it is ciimparatively of recent origin, it has 
 
 ex-President of the Boston Retail Grocers' Association; George W. 
 Slade, Stephen B,. Ashley and Ib.l.ler B. Durfee, of Fall River, Mass. ; 
 A. Manchester, Adamsville, R. I.; 11. W. Durgin, Taunton, Mass.; 
 I. P. Harris, Salem, Mass. ; Henry Hovey, Norwich, Ct. ; Moses Sloan, 
 Newburgh, N. Y., and V. W. Potter, New York. 
 
 CONSUMERS GAS COMPANY, John C. Adams, Pre.sident; 
 Onion H. Lawrence, Vice-President; Benj. J. Macdonald, Secretary 
 and Treasurer. This company was organized in May, 1878. At that 
 time the Newburgh Gaslight Company was the only lighting comj^any 
 in this city. The prices charged for gas were S3-50 per thousand feet 
 t.. consumers, and $45 per lamp to the city. A committee was ap- 
 pointed by the Common Council at that time to confer with the trus- 
 tees of the gas company, looking toward a reduction in prices. The 
 
 WORKS OF THE CONSUMERS GAS COMPANY. 
 
 been in operation long enough to demonstridc its poj)ularit)', and 
 practically to have passed beyond the experimental stage. 
 
 The company adopted a number of the famous Oakley brands, 
 notably the Puritan, Vaska and Queen. In beginning their manu- 
 facture they determined to make them equal, if not superior to the 
 best soaps in the market. They added to this list a lloating white 
 soap of rare purity and excellence, to which they gave the name of 
 White Bear, and have adopted as its trade mark a Avhitc bear on a 
 floating cake of ice on an Arctic sea. 
 
 The business of the company has steadily increaseil since it began 
 its operations in Newburgh, and has largely increased its list of stock- 
 holders in the New England States and in New York and New 
 Jersey. At its last annual meeting, held in October, a board of 
 thirteen directors was chosen, nine of whom are retail grocers prom- 
 inent in their respective localities, as follows; James A. Litchfield, 
 President of the Boston Retail Grocers' Association; C. E. Harris, 
 President of the Providence Retail (irocers' Association; .\. ]. Lovell, 
 
 company refused to make any reduction. The committee at once 
 looked for persons interested in erecting gas works. The Presi- 
 dent of the Consumers Gas Company, then in the Board of Al- 
 dermen, at once placed himself in communication with the late Com- 
 modore C. K. Garrison, and by him was recommended to a firm who 
 were interested in erecting gas works. Judge S. W. Fullerton became 
 interested, and, as counsel for the parties, formed the present Con- 
 sumers Gas Company. A contract was entered into with the city to 
 furnish gas to the city and citizens at a greatly reduced rate. The 
 old company claimed that it could not afford to furnish gas at a less 
 rate. As soon, however, as the new company began business it of- 
 Icred to do so at almost any price. After a short struggle, finding 
 their leakage enormous and further opposition useless, the old com- 
 pany made a proposition to sell out. After a ccmferencc, an agree- 
 ment was made for a transfer to the new company. At first it was 
 thought by the people that as the Consumers Company had a mo- 
 nopoly prices would be advanced. This, however, did not occur 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 283 
 
 the company held firmly to its agreement to furnish gas at the re- 
 duced rates. By this course it had a better hold on the public than 
 most gas companies. From that time to the present it has continued 
 to conduct its business on a cash basis, and in a business-like manner. 
 
 HON JOHN C ADAMS. 
 
 It has encountered for several years the opposition of two electric 
 companies, and while the new light has taken business from it, the 
 growth of the city and the large consumption of gas for heating and 
 cooking, has kept up the demand for gas. The company use the 
 Martin and Lowe process of manufacture. 
 
 During the last few months this company has expended a large 
 amount in enlarging and improving the works. It is the company's 
 intention to meet the very general demand for gas for heating pur- 
 poses, and thev expect to furnish it at such a price as will not exceed 
 the cost of coai per ton, not considering the cost of kindling wood, 
 and the trouble of removing ashes. There are now in use in this city 
 about 150 gas stoves. The company expect to canvas the city for 
 such custom, and no doubt the consumption of gas will be greatly in- 
 creased from this source alone. It is also hoped that the increased 
 consumption will warrant a reduction in the price for lighting. 
 
 The bonded indebtedness of the company is $150,000, its capital 
 stock is 820o,o<xj. The Directors of the company are John C. Adams, 
 Benj. J. Macdonald.Omon II. Lawrence, Joseph H. Berry and Henry 
 
 Baumgardner. 
 
 S'N^^S 
 
 HON JOHN C ADAMS, President <.f the Consumers Gas Com- 
 pany, was born al Tivoli, Dutchess County, N. Y., May 16, 1836. 
 After leaving school he went to New York City and was employed 
 there as a clerk for a number of years. He was next in business in 
 Rondout, where he remained till 1S60, when he came to Newburgh 
 and opened a grocery-store. In the business, political and social life 
 of the town he became well known and popular. U hen the war 
 broke out he went from the Democratic into the Republican ranks, 
 
 and has ever since been a considerable factor of the local party. Dur- 
 ing the war he was special agent for the provost marshal's office in 
 this senatorial district, and succeeded in getting a new enrollment for 
 Newburgh in place of an unjust one. 
 
 Mr. Adams was the first Supervisor elected from the Third Ward 
 after tlie incorporation of the city in 1S65. In 1867 he was appointed 
 Harbor Jtaster at New York, and at the close of his term in 1S70 he 
 entered tile auction business here ill the firm of R. Millspaugh & Co. 
 I )n the death of Ezra Farrington in 1876, Mr. Adams was appointed 
 Postmaster of the city, and re-appointed in iSSo, serving in all eight 
 years. In i?So he was elected President of the Consumers Gas Com- 
 pany of Newburgh, which was established two years before in oppo- 
 sition to tlie Newburgh Ga.slight Company. The old company was 
 consolidated with the Consumers in iSSi. 
 
 Mr. Adams was elected to the Common Council from the Third 
 Ward in March, 1874, and re-elected in 1S76. At the organization in 
 March, 1877, he was elected President, and served until his resigna- 
 tion as Alderman July 3, 1877. He was Member of Assembly in 
 iSSS, 1SS9 and 1S90, being nominated each time without an opposing 
 candidate, and he was the only Assemblyman from this district ever 
 elected for more than two terms. While in the Assembly he served 
 on tlie Committees on Railroads, Commerce and Navigation, and Gas 
 and Eleetricitv, as well as others. Jlr. Adams was one of the Com- 
 mittee of Five in charge of the Newburgh Centennial, and his ex- 
 ecutive ability was clearly manifested in that great undertaking, and 
 in the successful accomplishment of all his plans. During the con- 
 struction of the West Shore Railroad he served, with Judge Wilkin 
 and Judge Guernsey, as a commissioner to assess damages to prop- 
 erty. 
 
 Mr. Adams is a member i>f the Board of Trustees of Washington's 
 Headquarters, having been appointed by Governor Cleveland; he is 
 
 BENJ. J MACDONALD. 
 
 Yice-President of the Newburgh Street Railway Company, a director 
 of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Company, and is now serv- 
 
;84 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 ini;" his scvnitli (.■■msccutivc k-nn ;is Sii|>crvisnr from tlir Tliinl \\';ircl. 
 lie has liccn a workin;^- nu'iiibur cif llif I'lciard nf 'I'railr since its or- 
 v;"aiuzalinii and is a 'I'rnstic in tlu- I'.uililini; ami L.ian Assuciatinn. 
 Mr. Adams lias liccn a nscful man in Ihis cummnnilv. ( >i.'casii)ns 
 fix-qucnlly arise in tlie nnciiraial lilenf a cilv wlu-n a rupresenlative 
 citizen is clidscu I'mm amc.nj;- Uic rest io act in its l)cliair. In Icstimcmy 
 t(i the worth c.f Mr. Adanrs it may lie said that he has iiften actcil in 
 such relatiiins. Energetic, able and practical, polished iir speech and 
 behavior, he can always be relied upon to do the ris^dit thinij at the 
 rij^ht time. ( Inc of the pleasant inemciries <il' his early manhood is 
 connected with the old Hudson River base ball chili, in which he was 
 one of the strongest players. Mr. Adams was married September 24, 
 1S56, to Emma M., daughter of Ilenrv A. Ilarton, of I'ei-ry, Wyoming 
 County, N. Y. Mrs. Frederick M. Tavlor is their only surviving child. 
 
 linaneial nature were entrusle.l t.i him. In recognition of his ability 
 and faithful service, he was in I'-ebruary, rS.SC, elected a director of the 
 eom])aiiy to lill a vacancy caused by the death of Judge Jlonell, and 
 at the same time cli'cted secretary of the boaril and treasurer of the 
 company. He has idled these otiices ever since, having iiumediate 
 charge of the works and the linaneial affairs of the company. Jlr. 
 Maedonald is a director and the secretary of the Newburgh Huilding 
 and T.oan Association, a position he has filled .since 1S87. He is also 
 secretary of the Newburgh City Club, an active member of the Amer- 
 can Cas-light Association, a niemlier of the Newburgh Canoe and 
 Boating Association, and of the Tenth Separate Company, N. G. S. 
 N'. V. He is a Regents' Examiner of the University of the State of 
 New Ycjrk for Mount St. Mary's Acaflcniy. 
 
 DANIEL IR'WIN, one of our well-to-d., business men, came to 
 
 BENJAMIN J. MACDONALD. Treasurer of the Consumers C.as Newburgh shortly after the beginning of the rebellion from New 
 
 Company, was liorn in New York City. A few years later his York City, where he was born, He was an experienced sail-maker, 
 
 parents removed to Newburgh, and liere he has lived ever since. He and furthermore an able seaman, having spent several years at sea, 
 
 and visited foreign ports. On coming to Newburgh he be,gan busi- 
 
 i 
 
 
 SHIP CWANDLERY^ 
 
 J, j!r\.. Jt»» Jl..* JtC« 
 
 L^ 
 
 DAMIEL IRWIN'S SAIL LOFT AND STORE 62 South Water Street. 
 
 received his ctlucation at St. Patrick's Seho'.l and Schoftl No. 
 at the Academy. At the Academy he took the cl.'issical e 
 graduated in 1.^77, and then took a jiost-graduate course, 
 after leaving school he obtained a position in the ofliee of the 
 sumers Gas Company as book-keeper, and gradually other duties of a 
 
 3 and 
 'urse, 
 Soon 
 Con- 
 
 DANIEL IRWIN. 
 
 ness at No. f,2 Front Street, corner of Third. After a brief stay he 
 moved to a new building put u]) by l-V-njaniin Caiiienter expressly 
 for Mr. Irwin's use, on the wharf at the rear of Ni>. 22 Front Street, 
 where no\\- stands Ihelbimer Ramsdell Transportation Company's 
 storehouse. Mr. Irwin was an expert in his trade and his business 
 grew rapidly. He next moved to No. i Front Street, corner of First, 
 where he started the ship chandlery business in connection with sail- 
 making, remaining there thirteen years. In i.S,'f2 he erected his pres- 
 ent large establishment at No. 1.2 South \Vater Street, where he has 
 large sail lofts and warcrooms. He has niaile the canvas outfit for 
 nianv fine vessels, and has been very successful in business. Mr. 
 Irwin was a member of the Fire 1 lepartment for seventeen years, and 
 at one time assistant foreman ■ tf Four Engine Cmnpanv. He married 
 Frances K. Nich'ils, of New York, and has two daughters and one 
 son. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 --85 
 
 1- ^ m 
 
 I ! I 
 
 r- CO CTi 
 
 S lT 
 
 2 I 
 
 5 ." 
 
 
 
 < o ct 
 
 1 i I 
 
MERCANTILE 
 
 And Other Busine,-;s Interests of the City of Newhurgh. 
 
 ARD & LOGAN. This is the most important house on 
 the Hudson River engaged in the painting trade. Its 
 employees have at times numbered as many as one 
 hundred and fifty, with contracts from New York to 
 Buffalo, and immense sales of paints, oils, petroleum, 
 ship-chandlery goods, and building and railroad sup- 
 ,5^;^ plies. It occupies the block in Front Street between 
 
 Ferry and Carpenter Streets. The business was established in 1S5S 
 by Peter Ward and Chaneev M. Leonard, both distinguished citizens 
 and at different periods JIayors of the city. The location of the busi- 
 ness house was then on the west side of Front Street near the corner 
 of First. Their growing 
 trade soon needed larger 
 accommodations, which 
 were obtained by tlie oc- 
 cupation of the adjoining 
 building, which was on 
 the corner of First Street. 
 They occupied these two 
 buildings until 1S66, when 
 they moved to their pres- 
 ent place of business, and 
 some years afterward the 
 large brick addition on 
 the east was erected, so 
 that their establishment 
 is the largest of the kind 
 on the Hudson. From 
 1S81 to 1SS9 they also had 
 a branch house in New 
 York City. 
 
 Their operations ex- 
 tend over a large section 
 of country, and their rep- 
 utation for good work- 
 manship is second to 
 none. AVhen the Erie 
 railroad shops were at 
 Ramapo the firm painted 
 all the passenger coaches 
 of that company, and at another peri 
 of the Atlantic & Great Western 
 their other large contracts was the painting of the ferryboats of the 
 New Jersey Central Railway Company and the West Shore Company ; 
 also the great elevators of the New York Central and the West Shore 
 at New York and Weehawken. The firm make a specialty of steam- 
 boat painting, and are heavy dealers in painters' and builders' supplies, 
 including sash, blinds and doors. Steel engravings, picture-framing 
 and artists' supplies, and frescoing and interior decorating, are other 
 branches of their business. The long career of the firm has been 
 most honorable and prosperous, and the business has been very help- 
 ful to the community. 
 [286] 
 
 WARD ik LOGAN'S STORE-28 to 34 F 
 
 >d they painted all the coaches 
 Railway Company. Amoni;- 
 
 HON. PETER WARD was a native of the Village of Ramapo, 
 in the neai-bv County ..f Rockland, where his father, Thomas Ward, 
 was for many years engaged in iron manufacture. He was born 
 September 30, 1S27, The rudiments of his education were received 
 in the eominon schools of Ramapo, Goshen and Haverstraw, with 
 special reference to his subsequent occupation as a civil engineer; 
 but as he left school at an early age, he could from that moment hope 
 to enlarge the narrow basis of his education only by snatching what 
 he might out of the intervals of rest in a busy life. This is what he 
 did, and to his faculty of digesting what he read and observed he was 
 mainly indebted for those attainments which he mastered. As a 
 
 mere boy he \\"as employ- 
 ed for four years in the 
 civil engineering corps of 
 the Erie Railroad. Even 
 thus early in life he exhib- 
 ited those business traits 
 which marked out his ca- 
 reer, and his mind took 
 hold upon large things, 
 and comprehended ideas 
 above the common. 
 
 He conceived the plan 
 of mining bituminous 
 coal on the Ohio River, 
 and supplying steamers 
 with it. He went to Cold 
 Grove, but closer examin- 
 ation did not inspire him 
 favorably with the specu- 
 lation, and he abandoned 
 it. He then fitted up a 
 kirge flat-boat, which he 
 named ' ' The Floating 
 Scow of Old Virginny," 
 sti leked it with dry goods, 
 groceries, bouts and 
 shoes, hired two clerks 
 and a e(">k. and fioated 
 down the river, trading 
 along shore with planters till he reached T.aton Rcai_v;c. Here he sold 
 the scow to boat-breakers, and sailed up to the head-waters of the 
 Mississippi, where he bought venison and corn and shipped them to 
 New Orleans. Fifteen months he had been thus occupied when he 
 turned eastward with seven hundred dollars more in his pocket than 
 when he started. That was his first business venture, and for a youth 
 of twenty-one a very creditable undertaking. 
 
 In iS4() he resumed engineering for the Erie Railroad, and ran the 
 levels for Us rijute from Corning to Dunkirk. In 1S51 he became 
 .Superintendent of the Newburgh Branch of the Erie, filling that po- 
 sition up to 1S57, except an interval of one year (1S53) when he went 
 to Kentucky to build the .Maysville and Lexington road. 
 
 Street. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 287 
 
 From that time Jlr. Ward, either alcine iir by the lirms of ^\'artl iic 
 Lary, (ir Ward, Mackin & Co., of which he was the senior member. 
 was ahnost constantly engaged in large railroad constructions. As 
 
 HON, PETER WARD. 
 
 contractor, and sometimes as a projector, he built hundreds of miles 
 of railway. In 1.S60 he built a portion of the Sterling Mountain Rail- 
 wav; in 1.S6.S the Newburgh and New York (Short Cut); in iSycj the 
 Hackensack extension from Hillsdale to .Spring Val- 
 ley, about eighteen miles in length, and the third 
 track from Turners t<j the Short Cut junction. In 
 1870-71 he constructed thirty-five miles of railwaj- 
 for the New Jersey Southern (as a cut off between 
 Long Branch and Philadelphia) from AVhiting to 
 Pemberton; in 1872-73, the road from Spring Valley 
 to Stony Point, above Haverstraw, thirty-seven miles 
 in length; in 1873, the Smyrna and Delaware Bay Rail- 
 way, forty miles in length; in 1881-S2, a section of the 
 West Shore Railway from Newburgh to Highland; 
 the whole of the same road through Monroe County, 
 and the branch from Coeymans to Albany; in 1885-56 
 fifty miles of the St. Louis and San Francisco, run- 
 ning through the Indian Territory, and at the time of 
 his death he was completing the great Zig Zag Tun- 
 nel on the New York, Ontario & Western Railroad, 
 and a ten-mile .section of the Lehigh Valley branch 
 from Geneva to Buffalo. He also in the years iS88-8y 
 built the water-works at Sing Sing. 
 
 Incidentally to his railroad business, Mr. Ward 
 was extensively engaged in the painting business as 
 the senior member of the firms of Ward & Leonard, 
 Ward, Leonard & Co. (by the admission of James 
 J. Logan, his brother-in-law), and finally Ward & 
 Logan, after the death of Mayor Chancey M. Leonard 
 in 1874. While accounted a leader in the Dcmticratic 
 party, it is more because of his native worth and per- 
 sonal influence than because of any zeal or partisan 
 on his part. For official honors Mr. Ward found littl 
 
 smgle term of live years in the Board (jf Education (i.S6i-6(j) 
 was the only position he would accept until 1882, when, liaving 
 in prospect the gi'eut centennial celebration, a conmiittec of citizens 
 urged him to permit the use of his name for Mayor. He eon.sent- 
 ed, and was elected by a large majority. Under his father's roof the in- 
 llucnecs naturally carried him to sympathize with the Democratic party. 
 His name was a tower of strength; it thrilled every Democratic heart 
 in his city, and had the respect of every honorable opponent. As 
 .Mayor he filled the position honorably, ably and with dignity. The 
 e.'iecutive committee of the general committee of citizens who had 
 taken some steps in arranging for a national celebration in 18.S3, rec- 
 ognizing his eminent fitness, C(nifided to him, and four others to be se- 
 lected by him, the entire direction of the undertaking. Mayor Ward 
 selected his coadjutors, and with the almost unrestricted powers vested 
 in them, they applied themselves to the work systematically, confer- 
 ring with few others than the joint Congressional committee, and 
 pursuing the even tenor of their way, regardless alike of either good 
 lir evil report. The result was one of the greatest celebrations ever 
 held in the land. On that memorable day, in the presence of the 
 notables of the Nation, (jur Mayor presided over all with grace and 
 dignity. In 18S8 he again yielded to the popular demand of his par- 
 ty and was elected to the State Senate for the unexjjired term of his 
 predecessor, the late Henry R. Low. 
 
 Senator Ward was for a number of years one of the Trustees of 
 the Newburgh Savings Bank; and of the Board of Trustees of Wash- 
 ington's Headquarters he was a member from its beginning. 
 
 In 1S52 ho was married to Mary A. Logan, daughter of Captain 
 Samuel R. Logan, of this city, and a sister of his partner James J. 
 Logan. She was a most engaging and estimable lady, and of great 
 usefulness in works of benevolence. For nearly forty years united 
 in their lives, in the time of death they were not long separated. The 
 spirit of the loving wife had not long to await the coming of the 
 manlv man. lie died Ma\' in, iSi^i, and "was buried at Cedar Hill. 
 
 Of a genial personality, of eminently practical mind, he had no 
 patience with arrogance or conceit in any form, and appreciated 
 worth wherever found. Successful in business, public spirited, and 
 ranking among the city's men of wealth, he, either individually or 
 through his firm, subscribed liberally to every proper movement, and 
 was a piiwcr for good in the community. His life epitomized faithful 
 public service, helpfulness to the comnninity, whole-hearted, unaf- 
 
 endeavors 
 time. A 
 
 RESIDEInICE of HON. PETER WARD— 329 Grand Street 
 
 fecteil and dignilied intercourse with ncighbcjrs, success and hoii< 
 Inisiness and sncietw aiul devoted head-ship of the family. 
 
288 
 
 JAME 
 
 1834. Ik 
 land, \vh 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 S J. LOGAN was born at No. 77 Smith Street, in this city in 
 thu ,i;rL'at-,ijrandson o£ Major Samuel Ln^an, a native of Ire- 
 after a period of service in the lMi:,,dish Army as Cor])oral in 
 
 became a member of the I 
 of Mr. Leonard, in 1S74, 
 I'^ir many years Mr. L 
 eoneei'n, and those ha\'in 
 
 irm of Ward, Leonard iV Co.; on the death 
 .he llrni became Ward iV I^o^^an. 
 icfan has been the executive head of this 
 s knowled.Lje of the larije business trans- 
 
 aeteil by the firm are aware that the duties which he has performed 
 require a well-trained business mind. Since Senator Ward's death 
 the entire direction of affairs has devolved njion him. Mr. Lo^an 
 finds time to .ijive efBcient aid t^. the work ..f those charities and 
 religions societies with which he is connected, but not much to poli- 
 tical discussion or the running of partisan machinery. Ofifieial rank 
 in municipal affairs he has ever refused, Ihoin^li the highest offices in 
 the gift of the city have been offered, which we need not say were in rec- 
 ognition of the esteem with which he is held in the community. Mr. 
 L.>gan has been a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church since its or- 
 ganization. For many years he has been its Senior Warden, and since 
 1.S71, also its Treasurer. He is also Treasurer of St. Luke's Home 
 and Hospital, Treasurer of the Board of Trustees of the Academy of 
 Music, a trustee of the Chadborn & Coldwell JIanufacturing Company, 
 and a trustee of the Newburgh Real Estate Comjoany. At the Cen- 
 tennial celeliraticm of 1S.S3 he was a memlier of the Reception Com- 
 mittee, and marched in the parade with the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 Mr. I^(.gaii married Mary E., daughter of George Mecklcm, of 
 Newburgh, and has one rlanghter. 
 
 JAMES J. LOGAN. 
 
 the Eightieth Regiment of Lifantry durin.g the l-"rencli 
 of 1 755-56, settled in New Windsor, and pursued the voe: 
 making those peculiar felts known as " continentals," 
 seen so often in pictures representing the dress of that 
 period. AVhen the war of the Revolution broke liUt 
 he was appointed captain of a compaii)' of minute 
 men, and subsequently major in Colonel ] Jiibois's 
 Fifth New York Continental Regiment. At the battle 
 of Fort Montgomery, in 1777, he was taken prisoner 
 and was held captive for three years. On being ex- 
 changed he returned to his regiment, served till the 
 army was disbanded at the cantonment at New 
 Windsor and became a member of the Society of the 
 Cincinnati when it was organizeil in the Temple — a 
 membership now held by the subject of this sketch. 
 .Samuel R. Logan, the father of James J., was in the 
 freighting business in the early days of steamboat 
 navigation, and was Captain of the Providence, the 
 third steamer on the Newburgh and New York line 
 (1833-34) "P to the time of his deatli. He is spoken of 
 by those wdio knew him ^is " a man (jf great energy 
 and competency." James J. I>ogan was educated at 
 the Glebe school, and at the Academy under the Rev. 
 R. P. Hall. After leaving school he was employed 
 first by Parmalee cV- Roljinson and next by John C. 
 Masters, merchants of this city, and then for a year he 
 was in the railroad business in Kentucky. The next 
 four years he was \\-ith James A. Tilford, the New 
 York grocer, and then for a time in Virginia. He 
 came back to Newburgh in 1S57 and worked on the 
 Newburgh Branch Railroad, of which Senator Ward 
 was then Superintendent. 'I'he next year Ihe firm of 
 ard was formed, and Mr. Logan entered their ofdci 
 
 and Tndi; 
 ition of a 
 
 in \var 
 hatter 
 
 1 J. W. MATTHEWS & CO. (John W. Matthews and Edward 
 Stoeker), wholesale grocers, importers and dealers in flour, salt, etc., 
 Nos. iCj, i.S, 20 and 22 Front Street. 
 
 The members of this firm have had a large experience in their line. 
 Owing largely to their efficient corps of salesmen, together with the 
 combined natural advantages which Newburgh possesses as a com- 
 mercial centre, their business has grown to be among the largest in 
 the State. The patronage of the firm extends throughout the counties 
 of ( irange, Rockland, Sullivan, Ulster, Greene, Westchester, Putnam 
 and Columbia in New York State, and into Connecticut, New Jersev 
 and Pennsylvania. 
 
 All things being equal, this large trade must be accounted for 
 upon the fundamental business principle that JIatthews & Co. are able 
 to place their goods in the territory tributary to their warehouse at 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JAMES J, LOGAN— 318 Grand Street, 
 
 Ward .V Leon- prices that command llie business, 'i'lial they are able to do this is 
 In 18(15 lie owing to the nadiral ami acquired conveniences of their situation. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 Groceries pay toll 
 
 whenever handled, 
 
 and freight charges 
 
 are important 
 
 items in their cost. 
 
 The further your 
 
 coal-bin is from the 
 
 coal-mine the more 
 
 your c o a 1 costs 
 
 you. Likewise the 
 
 firm which can un- 
 load a cargo of 
 
 Turk's Island salt 
 
 from their i.iwn 
 
 chartered vessel at 
 one handling, can 
 sell that salt at 
 the 1 '"> w e s t lig- 
 ures. It follows, 
 therefore, that the 
 house which is sit- 
 uated at the most 
 convenient distrib- 
 uting point has a 
 great advantage. 
 
 In previous pages 
 we have set forth 
 the transportation 
 facilities with 
 which Xewburgh 
 is favored. Here 
 are numerous com- 
 peting r a i 1 r o ad s 
 
 stretching away in all directions and to all parts of the c<juntrA-. 
 Here is also water communication from the ocean to the great lakes, 
 Xewburgh is a prirt of delivery. Ocean vessels are constantlv al 
 
 //, MATTHE.V 
 
 SEriOUSE IC tu ^Z Fr-,nt Sir.'Bt. 
 
 Shore Railroad, the New York Central, the 
 and Western Railroad, and the New York 
 Railroad, we luive four routes to the West. 
 
 our docks. New- 
 burgh gets the 
 same rates or less 
 from the West as 
 does N e w York 
 City, while the 
 charges I'rom the 
 Kast and South are 
 ecpial. In reality 
 JIat thews & Co. 
 are n e a r e r t li e 
 ■' mine " than com- 
 petitors from other 
 points. They are 
 nearer the produc- 
 ers and nearer the 
 consumers. They 
 have the benefit of 
 the river, while the 
 railroads are joined 
 to their building by 
 switches. Cartage, 
 lighterage, rents 
 and ta.xes are ex- 
 pensive i 11 N e w 
 York. The two 
 ii ■rmcr Matthews & 
 Co. save, so far as 
 receiving goods are 
 concerned, while 
 rents and taxes are 
 low in Newburgh. 
 ■\Vith the "West 
 New York, Lake Erie 
 Ontario and Western 
 The West Shore, the 
 
 OTO. bV VSHIDOIT 
 
 JOHN W, MATTHE//b. 
 
 EDWARD STOCKER, 
 
290 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 J W. MATTHEWS & CO-WHOLESALE GROCERS. 
 
 F[r5t Floor — Sack Flour and Domebtic Salt Department, 
 
 First Floor— Office?. 
 
 Cellif- Butter, Chee-,e and Lard. 
 
 First Floor — Shipping Department, 
 First Floor — Salesrooms. 
 Cellar— Molasses, Fish and Pork. 
 
N E W B U R G H 
 
 2QI 
 
 J w, MATTHEW5 8. CO -WHOLESALE GROCERS STOREHOUSES. 
 
 STOREHOUSES Fourth Floor - Soaps, Starch and Coffees and Spices, 
 
 Fourth Floor- Breakfast Cereals, Broorris and Sundries. ^^,_^ Floor-Pickles, Foreign Salt, &c. 
 
 Third Floor-Canned Goods, Sauces and Teas. Second Floor-Barrel Flour, Butterfly and Lily White. 
 
 Second Floor Barrel Flour, Arnold's Superlative and Bonanza, 
 
292 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 Lehigh &- Hudson, and tlie Atlantic Ocean open up tlic S..ulli aiid 
 Southeast, the Xcw York ami New England Railroad and the New- 
 burgh, Dutchess and Connecticut open up direct communication with 
 the East; and last, the river, canal and railroads connect us with the 
 St. Lawrence and the North. 
 
 With so many through routes Newburgli has rare advantages as 
 a receiving point. Then for distributing purposes we have, in addition 
 to the local benefits of the above named principal lines, the following 
 local routes to work over: The Newburgli & New York Railroad 
 (Short Cut), the Newburgh Branch, the AVallkill Valley, the Montgom- 
 ery and Erie, the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and Boston, the Central 
 New England and Western and several others that could be mentioned, 
 all being parts in the great network of railroads of which Newburgh 
 is the centre. 
 
 The prejudice against buying supplies outside of New York has 
 been dispelled, and active merchants are learning that they can pur- 
 
 TRAVELING SALESMEN OF J W MATTHEWS & CO. 
 
 I- Albeit D. Marvin, 3-JacobS. Brill. 5- William K. Leech 
 
 2- J. B B. Brurdage. 4— Elmer E. Malthewv 6 -Charles C. Jacobus. 
 
 7 James C. Cubit. 
 
 chase at better figures in the Newburgh market, l^'or instance: flour, 
 Duncan salt, and all brands of domestic manufacture, arc received 
 for this firm over either of the trunk lines into their warerooms with- 
 out carta.ge. This firm charters yearly a brig for Turk's Island in 
 the West Indies, carrying from 15,000 to 20,000 bushels of salt, which 
 vessel delivers the same directly to their warehouse. As for fancy 
 brands of factory-filled salt, they are laid down here from the ship al 
 about as low a figure as they can be carted " across town " in New 
 York. 
 
 The best brands of Ccdumbia River canned sahiKjn are delivered 
 in carload lots without breaking bulk. Brands of Alaska salmon are 
 re-shipped at San Francisco, direct in car-load lots, the same as Col- 
 umbia River goods. Since the extension of the New York and 
 
 New England Railroad the fancy brands of Maine-packed canned 
 goods are brought to this point in carload lots without breaking bulk. 
 The .same is true of Southern canned vegetables, such as Defiance 
 peas and tomatoes, which are let in by the West Shore Railroad. 
 California products also arrive in the same manner, including canned 
 goods, dried lima beans and prunes, in which this firm are large 
 dealers. So we might continue with practical illustrations of how it 
 works. Every month they issue a trade journal of twenty pages, in 
 wdiich they publish their current prices. 
 
 This firm was formed in 1S84. They occupy a large double build- 
 ing, which is situated on the river front and connected by s^vitch 
 to the railrtjads. Both partners have had large experience, and 
 possess an intimate knowledge of the requirements of first class 
 retailers and jobbers. Their stock is large and extensive, comprising 
 a choice assortment of fancy and staple groceries. They deal direct 
 with the manufacturers, packers and importers of the goods they 
 handle. 
 
 They are sole proprietors of Arnold's Superlative brand of flour 
 and the Defiance Brand of canned goods. They are wholesale agents 
 for the Humboldt Flouring Mills, of Minneapolis, Minn. , manufacturers 
 of the " Bonanza" brand of flour; the Florence Mill Company, of Still- 
 water, Minn., manufacturers of the " Butterfly " and " Royal Loaf" 
 brands of flour; the Duncan Salt Company, manufacturers of table and 
 dairy salt; Curtice Bros., packers of canned goods, and Heinz Bros. 
 & Co., manufacturers of the celebrated Heinz brand of pickles. 
 
 They are also large dealers in teas, coffees and spices. In regard 
 to the former they are among the largest buyers in the market. Their 
 teas are all bought on the cup test, and very careful attention to 
 quality is paid. Their coffees are roasted and their spices are ground 
 under their own supervision. In canned goods alone this season 
 their contracts call for over 2,000 cases of one brand of corn, and 
 3,000 eases of one brand of tomatoes, while their combined con- 
 tracts tor early delivery aggregate thirty carloads of 24,000 lbs. each, 
 or about 15,000 cases, which represents only about half of their can- 
 ned .goods business for the year. The concern employs seven sales- 
 men, whose portraits accompan^' this article. 
 
 JOHN W. MATTHEWS, the head of the firm, is a young man 
 I if vim and energy in business. His career has been honorable and 
 successful in a marked degree. His ancestors came from New Eng- 
 land and settled in the Town of (.)live, LTlster Countv, N. Y., where he 
 was born September 29, 1S54. His father was Jeremiah Matthews, 
 long a supervisor and magistrate in the town. John W. attended 
 the common schools of his native place and the Delaware Literarv 
 Institute at Franklin. 
 
 In i.'!72 he entered the employ .if the Romer^: Tremper Steamboat 
 Company. Four years later he was engaged as book-keeper in a 
 wholesale grocery house in this city, and in 1879 he became an equal 
 partner in the business. The partnership expired by limitation in 
 1SS4, at which time the present firm of J. W. Matthews & Co. was 
 formed. 
 
 Mr. JIatthews is a Democrat in pohtics, a Baptist in rehgion, and 
 a pusher in business. He is the buyer for the house and has charge 
 of the office work. He is a Director and the Vice-President of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association, and a Trustee of the First Baptist 
 Church. He married Harriet Larawav, of Albanv, N. Y. 
 
 EDWARD STOCKER, the junior member of the firm of ]. W. 
 Matthews & Co., has charge of the selling of the goods and of 
 the salesmen. Mr. Stocker himself has a high reputation as a suc- 
 cessful salesman, and the extensive patronage of the house is in a 
 large degree an evidence of his energy and business abilitv. He was 
 born at Chelsea, Mass., March 23, 1S54, and was educated in tnc 
 schools of Boston. He came to Newburgh in 1S6S, and entered the 
 employ of E. T. Skidmore in the wholesale grocery trade. When the 
 firm of James A. Townsend & Co. was formed in 1S76, Mr. Stocker 
 became associated with il, and remained till 18S4, when he formed the 
 partnership with John ^\'. ilatthews. Mr. Stocker is Vice-President 
 of the Newburgh Democratic Association, and a charter member of 
 the Newburgh City Club. He married Ella F., daughter <if Garrett 
 Cavanaugh, of Newburgh. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 '-93 
 
 EDGAR C. BARNES is ;i native of 
 born July u<. 1,^34, His parents ivrtiovOd 
 was seven years of age, at which place he 
 
 education. During the cholera epi- 
 
 demic of 1S49 his parents returned 
 to Orange Countv, and at the age 
 of seventeen he entered the emplo)- 
 of A. R. & O. Taylor, of Pine Bush, 
 X. V. In iS;4Mr. Barnes came to 
 Xewburgh. and entered the emplo\- 
 of "William K. J[ailler\- Co. as ship- 
 ping-clerk on their barge New- 
 burgh. He filled the various posi- 
 tions on the boat until 1S74, when 
 he entered into partnership with 
 James H. ^lathews. under the firm 
 name of Mathews & Barnes, to 
 carrv on a wholesale provision and 
 produce commission business. For 
 a long period their house was at 
 Xos. 62 and 64 Water Street. 
 
 In 1SS3 Mr. Mathews retired 
 from the firm, and Albert "W. 
 Mapes was admitted thereto. The 
 tirm name was changed to Barnes 
 (i: ilapes. and was continued until 
 December i. iSqo, when it was 
 dissolved. !Mr. Barnes continues 
 the business, but has removed to 
 a ver^- substantial brick building 
 which he has just completed at 
 Xo. 42 South Water Street. It is 
 especially adapted for the purposes 
 of cold storage, and here he con- 
 ducts a cold storage and produce 
 commission business of considera- 
 
 Orange County, and was bio magnitude, his judgment and market quotations on butter, 
 to New York City when he eggs, etc., being considered us the standard in this section, 
 received a common school Mr. Barnes has lujt sought after prominence in public hfe, but 
 
 rather has devoted himself closely 
 to his business, and to the work of 
 the church with which he is con- 
 nected, lie was twice married, 
 liis lirst wife being M. Theresa 
 Pack, of New Vork City, who died 
 in ishy, leaving four children, three 
 ol whom are now living — Anna, 
 Minnie (the wife of the Rev. Wil- 
 liam l-:. AVebster, nf this city), and 
 jVrthur. In i.Syo he married .Sophia 
 ir. Pars(jns. 
 
 WILLIAM 0. MAILLER & 
 CO., wholesale grocers, commis- 
 sion mereliants and coal dealers, 
 corner of Front and Third Streets. 
 This business had its beginning 
 in i7'ji, M'hen Hugh Walsh pur- 
 chased the northeast corner of 
 Water and Third Streets, including 
 lanils under water, whereon he 
 built a dock and storehouse f(jr a 
 general merchandise and freight- 
 ing business. He ran sloops from 
 Xewburgh to X'ew York and Al- 
 bany, and had a large trade in mer- 
 chandise with the farmers of the 
 surrounding country. During the 
 century which has passed, the 
 hi luse has necessarily experienced 
 a number of changes in proprietor- 
 ship as generations have come and 
 
 li.!;- r F r 
 
 BARriES' y.'HjLESALE COMMISSION AMD COLD STQRi 
 42 South Water Street. 
 
 ■AREHOUbE 
 
 EDGAR C. BARNES. 
 
 WILLIAM K. MAILLER 
 
2 04 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 ;<uiie, iis well as changes in the buildings and in tliu manner nf doing 
 lousiness. Since Hugh Walsh's time the principal proprietors have 
 lieen Crawl'onl & Harris, Francis Crawford, Francis & David Craw- 
 ford, P. ^- 1). Crawford \- Co., David Crawford &• Co. (William K. 
 -Mailler); Crawford, Mailler \- d., William K. Mailler & Co., William 
 IC. Mailler & .Son, William i). Mailkr, and William O. Mailler & Co. 
 The present firm is composed of William O. Mailler and his brother, 
 John n. JlaiUcr, sons of tlie late William K. Mailler. 
 
 The transportation business was conducted entirely in sloops until 
 is^o, when 1). Crawford &■ Co. purcluiscd a half interest in the 
 steamer Baltimore, with Christopher Reeve, who was also a for- 
 warding merchant. The Baltimore was the lirst steamboat in the 
 Xewburgh trade. She ran alternately from Crawford's dock and 
 Reeve's r)ock. Crawfc.rd \- Co. became thes(.le proprietors of the 
 steamboat in 1S31, and ciMitiiuied her on the Xewburgh and New 
 York line until 1S35, when she was transferred to the route between 
 Newburgh and Albany. In 1S33 the firm awarded contracts for the 
 construction of another steamer, the Washington, and commenced 
 running her in conjunction with the Baltimore in November of that 
 year. This boat was " far superior to any in the trade." In 1S41. 
 the first barge, the ilinisink, was placed on the line in lieu <)f the 
 Washington, which was sold to the People's Line of Albany. Sub- 
 sequently they sold the Minisink to B. Carpenter & Co., and pur- 
 chased the barge Newburgh from Ramsdell iV- Co. The frei.ghting 
 business was continued until 1S73, when the barge Newburgh, to- 
 gether with a full cargo of freight, and also their storehouse, etc., 
 were destroyed by lire, and the firm retired from the freighting busi- 
 ness. 
 
 The storehouse was immediately rebuilt, and since then the firm 
 has been principally engaged in the wholesale grocery trade, and in- 
 cidentally in the coal business. Their storehouse extends from Front 
 Street to the river. Both partners are merchants of experience, and 
 imbued with a spirit of enterprise and energy. 
 
 William ( ). Mailler, the Iiead of the firm, was born in Newburgh, 
 May 26, 1S31. In 1.S5.S he was taken into partnership by his father, 
 and in i860 he became the sole proprietor. He married, in 1859, 
 Antoinette AV. Conkling. Mr. Mailler was a member of the Board 
 of AVater Commissioners from 1877 to 1S82, and for several years was 
 president of the board. John D. Alailler, brother of William O.. be- 
 came a member of the firm in 1S70. 
 
 WILLIAM K. MAILLER. The ancestor of the Mailler family 
 in this country was John .Mailler, whoemigrated from Scotland a few- 
 
 years after the American Revolution, and, after residing for a few 
 years in Nex\- York and in Westchester County, settled permanently 
 in the Town of Cornwall, Orange County. His son Bartholomew 
 
 SCHOONMAKER & WELLERS STORE-94 and 96 Water Street 
 
 ^-STMAfLLt^R 
 
 married Julia, daughter of Samuel Ketcham, of Corn- 
 wall, and had one child, William Ketcham Mailler. 
 who was born in the Town of Cornwall, August 17, 
 1S05. 
 
 At the age 'tt' eighteen he came to Newburgh and 
 entered the employ of Francis Crawford & Co. His 
 business habits and s<.>und judgment soon rendered 
 him a desirable acquisition to the firm, and in 1S27 
 he became one of its members, under the title of F. &; 
 D. Crawford lV Co. From that time until 1S60 he re- 
 mained a principal in the forwarding trade. "In 
 private a^ well as in public life Mr. Mailler was plain 
 and unassuming. Liberal in his charities, kind in t'ne 
 discharge of his parental duties, and cheerful in the 
 social circle, he left an example worthy of imitation."* 
 He died October 20, 1S64. Mr. Mailler married Han- 
 nah I'., daughter of Jacob Oakley, of Coldenham, 
 June I, i.'^3o. 
 
 SCHOONMAKER & -WELLER, dry goods, 
 .\'os. 1)4 and 96 Water Street. In 1S63 John Schoon- 
 uuiker, Samuel C. Mills and A. Y. Weller purchased 
 the dry goods business of Colonel Isaac AVood, Jr., on 
 the northeast corner of AA'ater and Third Streets, 
 anil lor fifteen vears thev continued to do business 
 
 // O MAILLER & CO S STOREHOUSE- 64 and 66 Front Str. 
 
 ' Ruttenbur's History. 
 
NEWBUKGH 
 
 295 
 
 there. In 1878 the present large and handsome buildiuy was com- 
 pleted and oeeupied. It was considered a notable improvement at 
 the time. Though occupying- but two floors, the firm had even then 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JOHN SCHOONMAKER- 135 Grand Street 
 
 bv far the largest dry goods store in the city. A few years later 
 they included the whole building in their store. Mr. Mills retired 
 from the firm in 1.3S5. This concern has for many years been the 
 largest and oldest in their line in the city, witli a trade 
 extending throughout eastern Orange and the neigh- 
 boring districts of adjoining counties. The store has 
 a frontage of 29 'i feet and a depth of So. Four floors, 
 including the basement, are filled with a heavy stock 
 of dry goods, and connected by a passenger elevator. 
 In the basement is the domestic department; on the 
 main floor, dress goods; on the second floor, the cloak 
 department: and on the third floor, curtains, bUmk- 
 ets, etc. 
 
 John Schoonm,aker, the senior member of the 
 firm, was born in the Town of Gardiner, Ulster 
 County, and came to Xewburgh in 1S53, entering the 
 dry goods store of Isaac Wood, Jr. Ten years later, 
 as before stated, he and his partners purchased the 
 business. For twenty-five years Mr. Schoonmaker 
 has been a Trustee of the Savings Bank, and is now 
 Second Vice-president. For eighteen years he was a 
 director of the National Bank of Newburgh. He has 
 served as a member of the Board of Health, and 
 was one of the organizers of the Board of Trade, 
 He contributed to the construction of the Short Cut 
 Railroad, and was prominent in the movement which 
 had for its object the building of the Xewburgh and 
 Walden Railroad many years ago. Mr. Schoonmaker 
 is a Trustee and Elder of the First Presbyterian 
 Church; also Superintendent of Bethel Mission Sun- 
 day School. 
 
 Alanson V. Weller was luorn near Montgomery, 
 and in early life came to Newburgh and learned the 
 dry goods business with A. K. Chandler, remaining 
 with him till the firm of .Schoonmaker, Mills cS: Weller 
 was formed. Mr. Weller is a Trustee of Union Churcli and ; 
 of the Savings Bank. 
 
 GEORGE BEGGS, .senior member of the firm of Beggs &- Moore, 
 was born in the city and county of Armagh, Irclaml. < )ctobcr '), iS3('i, 
 and was the tlnidson of Josei)h and Isabella Beggs. His i'athcr had 
 a house-painting business in Armagh, l-ioth parents 
 were of .Scotch extraction, their progenitors having 
 iniigi atcd to the Nortli of Irclaml during the religious 
 persecutions in Scotland, (leorgc Beggs received a 
 common school education; he was in his boyhood fond 
 of reading, especially on subjects relating to America. 
 When thirteen he formed the resolve to come to this 
 countr\-, lint his i^arcnts refused their permission. 
 Tlu'Tcupon he left home sccretl)' and cm the 29th da\' 
 of Xo\'(,-nibcr, 1.^40, bade adieu to the Emerald Isle. 
 He had obtained only sulVicient money to land him in 
 Liverpool, but he had an uncle there, whom he sought 
 out. This gentleman was in liic sliipping business, 
 and when he liad heard his nephew's storv he ])romis- 
 ed the lad he would find a way of getting him to the 
 States. December 2d George was taken by his uncle 
 al)oard the ship Cheseca, furnished with all need- 
 ed supplies, and two hours later the vessel was sailing 
 down the Mersey. There were nine hundred emi- 
 grants ill the company. Typhus fever broke out ere 
 the long and perilous midwinter voyage was ended, 
 ami our young adventurer contracted the disease. On 
 the ship's arrival in X"'ew York harbor he was removed 
 to the emigrants' hospital on .Staten Island. There he 
 remained nearh' two mrmths till health was restorcfl, 
 and on JIarch iIj, 1S50, he was landed on a dock in 
 Xew ^'ork Cit\' \\-ithout a dollar or a friend. ^Vftcr 
 tr)-iiig in vain to get employment in Xew York, he 
 crossed t<i Xew Jersey, and after one day's weary 
 search found work in tlie A'illage <tf ^letnchcn, four 
 1 Xew Brunswick, where one Thomas .Simpson triok 
 irn the painting trade. Two years afterward he was 
 iituation by the Xew Jersey Railroad Company to do 
 
 miles fro 
 him to k 
 offered a 
 
 RESIDENCE OF A Y. WELLER— 168 Grand Stteet, 
 
 Trustee general painting on the road. Witlt this company he remained sever- 
 al years, and then went to Hartf..rd to take a place in Colt's pistol and 
 
2q6 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 
 ' -^ai^ 
 
 
 f -u 
 
 
 J|Hm|^ i'. 
 
 
 ^IMf^k^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^^B^t«e^ : ' > ii^HHhki.. 
 
 ^H 
 
 ^^^^^ .^^■^^^^■H 
 
 ^i^^^i 
 
 ■■^^^^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 imHHH^P^^^,:^ * ' . ^ 
 
 BARTHOLOMEA' B MOORE 
 
 May, iS66, the business was removed 
 they added house-paintini,^ and 
 paper-hanging-, with a fuU 
 supply (if all the requisites to 
 carrj- on the trade. Their first 
 stand ^vas Nos. 154 and 156 
 Water Street, corner of Fifth, 
 in a building since removed tf) 
 make way for the West Shore 
 Railroad. At length the rapid 
 increase of their business 
 .seemed to warrant better facil- 
 ities, and the store No. 137 
 Water Street was jjurchased 
 and occupied in May, 1.367, and 
 two years later the firm bought 
 Xo. 135 adjoining, threw the 
 two stores int^) one, and thus 
 have a large and attractive 
 place of business. No change 
 has been made in the firm 
 since its formation, a quarter 
 of a century ago, and its pros- 
 perity has increased with each 
 succeeding year. In politics 
 Mr. Beggs has been a Repub- 
 lican of the firmest kind. He 
 was one of the organizers of 
 the Union League in New 
 Brunswick, N. J. While never 
 looking for political distinction 
 he has always taken jjart in lo- 
 cal and national jjolitics and in 
 the general interests of our 
 city. He is one of the (eldest 
 members of Newburgh Lodge 
 F. and A. M. and belongs to 
 all the higher branches of Free 
 Ma.sonry. He was one of the 
 charter members of North 
 River Lodge No. 12 iS, K. of 
 H., and is also a member of 
 
 rillc works. Al llial 
 time the C(ilt coni- 
 pan\' was furnish- 
 ing the R u ssi an 
 go\-ernnicnt w i t h 
 firearms for the 
 Cnnican war, and 
 Jlr. Picggs helped 
 erect many of the 
 fine residences that 
 liave been left by 
 Coh.ncl Colt to 
 beautify t li e City 
 I li Hartford. r)n 
 the first of January, 
 1S66, Mr. Beggs 
 formed a partner- 
 ship with Bartholo- 
 mew B. Jloorc, at 
 New ]-irunswick, 
 X. J., to deal in 
 pictures and picture 
 frames on the in- 
 stalment plan. 
 T h c y w ere the 
 third jjarty to start 
 in that business in 
 this country. In 
 to this city, and a year later 
 
 Storm King Lodge, 
 K. of 1'. Hut ill all 
 these bodies, as in 
 politics, he never 
 cared to Jill any 
 office. Six years 
 ago lie and Mr. 
 Moore conceived 
 tile idea of institut- 
 ing a Building and 
 T^oan Association, 
 having learned b)' 
 experience its good 
 qualities. After 
 consultation with a 
 few of our best 
 business men the}' 
 concluded to get 
 s i g n ii 1 11 res f o r 
 stock, and a can- 
 vass ^^'as com- 
 menced. ^\fter a 
 liard struggle the 
 Association ^\' a s 
 formed, and the 
 projectors have 
 their reward in the 
 benefit it has been 
 to their fellow-citizen 
 
 As a Direct 
 
 PAINTS. GILS, v^^urx^i, a VARNISHES 
 
 I 
 
 PICTU RE FRAMES SPARER HAN&i NGS. new! 
 
 MOORE'S STORE — 135 and 137 Wa 
 
 GEORGE EEGGS 
 
 >r f.f the company Mr. Beggs 
 feels proud that he had a 
 i'eeble hand in organizing and 
 conceiving the Building & 
 Loan Association, which has 
 done so much in the past, but 
 seems destined to accomplish 
 greater things in the future. 
 Time has dealt leniently 
 with Mr. Beggs, and although 
 he is passing towards the west- 
 ern side of life, he still retains 
 that activity for business 
 which characterized him when 
 as a boy he stood m the 
 streets of New York for the 
 iirst time without a dollar or a 
 friend. 
 
 BARTHOLOMEW B. 
 MOORE, President of the 
 Building and Loan Associa- 
 tion, and the junior member 
 "f the firm of Beggs & Moore, 
 was born October lo, 1834, 
 and reared at New Brunswick, 
 N.J. After receiving a com- 
 mon school education he Avas 
 apprenticed at the age of six- 
 teen ti' the carpenter's trade, 
 l)ecoming a free man at the 
 building of the Crystal Palace, 
 in New York City. At the 
 age of twenty-three he made a 
 \'oyage on a coasting vessel 
 and afterwards was in busi- 
 ness in New York Citv. 
 
 In 1863 he entered the Gov- 
 ernment service in the quarter- 
 master's department at Wash- 
 ington ]^. C, under Captain 
 
NEW BURGH 
 
 297 
 
 Dupreze, and in July. 18(34, ^vas transferred to the Army u£ the Cum- 
 berland, at Chattanooga, being in the 4th division of the engineering 
 and construction department commanded by Colonel "W. W. "Wright. 
 His division took part in the memorable operations through Tennessee, 
 Georgia and Alabama. It was well represented in Andersonville 
 prison through the attentions <<t :\Iorgan's band, not forgetting the 
 attentions of General Hoods command, whose acquaintance was 
 made in Tennessee. Mr. Moore was honorably discharged at Chat- 
 tanooga, August T. 1S1.5, ranking as Major. 
 
 Returning to New Brunswick he formed a partnership witli 
 George Beggs, and m :May, l.^^.6, the Inisiness was taken to New- 
 burgh. Mr. Moore has held various relations in public and social 
 life. Shortly after coming to Xewburgh he was elected First Lieu- 
 tenant of the EUis Guard (Co. I), and afterwards Captain; and when 
 in 1S73 Companies I and C were consolidated he was again elected Cap- 
 tain. He has always been a staunch Republican. He served one term 
 of four years in the Board of Education, beginning in 1S72. In 1S7S 
 he was elected a member of the Common Council to fill a \-acancv, 
 and was re-elected in 1870, iS.Si and iSS;,. In 1SS7 he was elected 
 
 RESlDEtlCE OF E R POST-69 Grand Street. 
 
 Alderman-at-Large, being the first to fill the office. In 1879 and 1880 
 he was President of the Council. During the construction of the 
 Quassaick Bridge he was the chairman of tlie building committee 
 from the beginning to the end of the work ; he was tme ol the repre- 
 sentatives of the city in the purchase of Downing Park, and during 
 the construction of the West Shore Railroad he was a guardian of the 
 city's interests. 
 
 In society relations he is a past master and a member of New- 
 burgh Lodge, F. & A. M. ; he is also a member of Hudson River Com- 
 mandery and Highland Chapter, and has been honored with numerous 
 offices in those bodies; he is a member of Newburgh Lodge, K. of P., 
 and also of the Knights of Honor, having been District Deputy for 
 six years, and a delegate to the Grand Lodge four years. Durmg two 
 other years he was an officer of the Grand Lodge of the State of New 
 York, K. of H, Through the labors of George Beggs and Mr. Moore 
 the Newburgh Building and Loan Association was established, and 
 at its organization Mr. Moore was elected President, and has ably and 
 conscientiously filled the position ever since. Mr. Moore is also Com- 
 modore of the Xewburgh Canf;e and Boating Association. 
 
 EDWARD ROGERS POST was bf.rn May 2, 1S42, at Sag 
 llarlior, L. I, ami removed in 1.^52 to the Village of Southampton, 
 wliich lias been the home of his family since the settlement of the 
 town. (_)ne of the 
 
 )unders of the 
 >\vn and village 
 
 was Richard Post, 
 who was one of 47 
 Puritans who form- 
 ed a compact at 
 Lynn, Jtass. , in 
 1639 to form a set- 
 tlement on Long 
 Island. Their first 
 attempt was a fail- 
 ure, tile)- being- 
 driven off by the 
 Dutch authorities 
 'if the section 
 where they landed; 
 liut returning to 
 Connecticut and re- 
 c e i V i n g a n e w 
 grant, they landed 
 again on the Island 
 and colonized at 
 the place whicli 
 they named South- 
 ampton (after tlie 
 old Southampton, 
 EngLand). Tliev 
 also bought their 
 title from the Indians, recording the Indian deed in December of 1640. 
 
 The succession to the subject of the present sketch is from Richard : 
 John Post, ist, died 1IJ.S7; Captain John Post, died 1741, aged 67; John 
 Post, 3d, died 1792, aged 92; James Post, ist, died 1813, aged 72; 
 James Post, 2d, died 1855, aged 76; William R. Post, died 1889, aged 78. 
 
 E. R. Post, who spent his earlier years at Sag Harbor and South- 
 ampton, received an academic education, spent a few months at New 
 Brunswick, X. J., completing his preparation for college, entered at 
 
 E. R. POST 
 
 E R, POST'S STORE 34 »nd 36 Golden Street. 
 
 Princeton in 1859 ^'itl .graduated in regular course in 1862. He passed 
 one Winter in Southern Ohio as private tutor in a family of large 
 wealth, and ttiok a full course at the New York College of Physicians 
 and .Surgeons, graduating in i,S66. In 1S65 he married the only 
 
2 9^ 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 aaut;htLT of the Rev. S. II. Ja.i^ger. 
 tlien cif Marlborough, Ulster County. 
 He entered the drug; business in iS(>S, 
 and. after one or two elumi^es, in i.'^;;, 
 seeured an interest in his present store 
 in this eity. In assoeialion with tlie 
 Rev. Jlr. J agger he eontinued tlie 
 prosperous business tonnerly conduet- 
 ed, in succession by Dr. Elias Peck, 
 Thomas JI. Peek, John E. Peck, anil 
 Peek Brothers. The business first 
 established in 1S34 liy Dr. Elias Peck, 
 grew through the siiceessive ehanges 
 from a very small lieginning U: a 
 goodly volume, ami amid manv 
 changes and inerea-,ing competition 
 still holds its own as a popular, well- 
 stocked, and well-conduetcd drug- 
 store. The partnership with Mr. Jag- 
 ger lasted until the death i>f tliat 
 gentleman in 1SS9; since when the old 
 firm style has been continued though 
 no new partnership has been formed. 
 The family of E. R. Post consists of 
 his wife and three daughters, the onlv 
 son having died in infancv in 1.^72. 
 
 STEPHEN M. BULL, wholusalu 
 grocer. Front Street, corner of Fifth. 
 Mr. Bull is a direct descendant <if 
 William Bull, who was born in Eng- 
 land in February, 16S0, and came to 
 America, sailing fr^im Ireland, where 
 
 STEPHEN M. BULL 
 
 he spent his minorit\', about 1715. He 
 married, in 1716, Sarah Wells, who 
 was the first white woman in (.loshen 
 township, and they were the first 
 eonjjle of whilf peiijile married in 
 (loshen. lie died in 1755, and she 
 died in i-ijh. aged 102. In ia68 an ap- 
 propriate monument was erected over 
 the remains of the venerable couple 
 near Hamptonburgh Church by their 
 lineal descendants. 
 
 The father of Stephen M. Bull was 
 John ,Springstead Bull, who was born 
 in the Town of Monroe, November 26, 
 iSofj, and died Xovember 17, 1.S76. 
 When a boy he entered the employ of 
 David H. Jlolfat, a merchant of 
 Washingtonville, who afterward be- 
 came his brother-in-law, and in 1.832 
 purchased the business. About 1S40 
 lie bought the Clinton family home- 
 stead at Little Britain, in the Tow-n 
 of New Windsor, and the remainder 
 of his life was passed in agricultural 
 pursuits. The mother of Stephen JL 
 Bull was Currence Bostric, daughter 
 of Samuel and Bethiah (Reeder) ^lof- 
 fat, of Blooming Grove. 
 
 Stephen il. Bull was lii>rn at the 
 Clinton homestead July 14, 1.S44. He 
 received his education at ilistriet 
 schools and from a private tutor at his 
 own home. On ^lareh 2S, 1.S64, he 
 came to Xewburgli to work in a 
 
 INTERIOR VIEW OF STEPHEN M. BULL'S STOREHOUSE-Corner of Front and Fifth Stre 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 299 
 
 >W^Vis:'\ 
 
;oo 
 
 N E W B U K G H . 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 301 
 
 grocery store, and the following year he entered the office of 
 Johnston & Alsdorf, who ran a line of steamboats between Newburgh 
 and New York. For two years he was their assistant book-keeper 
 and collector. In March, 1S67, he went to work for Thomas H. Skid- 
 more & Son, who had established themselves as wholesale grocers in 
 the building in which Johnston & Alsdorf had their ofhce. Mr. Bull 
 was the book-keeper and head salesman for the firm, and in the course 
 of time built up a large trade for the house, exhibiting in his work 
 great business capacity and energy. In 1S70 Thomas H. Skidmore 
 purchased Captain Charles Johnston's interest in the forwarding firm, 
 and sold his own interest in the wholesale house !■ > his son Edwin T. , 
 who continued as the sole 
 proprietor until 1S79. In 
 February, 1S72, Alsdorf A; 
 Skidmore sold their steam- 
 boat line to Homer Rams- 
 dell. In 1S79 E. T. Skid- 
 more sold out to his father, 
 Thomas H. Skidmore, 
 Stephen JI. Bull and John 
 AV. Matthews, who formed 
 the firm of Skidmore, Bull 
 & Co., which expired bj- 
 limitation in 1SS4, when the 
 new firm of Skidmore & 
 Bull (E. T. Skidmore and 
 S. M. Bull) was formed. 
 Since February 1, 1S91, 
 Mr. Bull has been the sole 
 proprietor. 
 
 The storehouse is situ- 
 ated conveniently to the 
 railroads and the river, at 
 the comer of Front and 
 Fifth Streets, with a dock 
 in the rear at which vessels 
 of the largest tonnage may 
 He. The building covers 
 an area of about 160 feet in 
 width and 125 in depth. 
 The north half is used ex- 
 clusively for the storage of 
 flour, and Mr. Bull has the 
 use of the Washburn-Cros- 
 by storehouse for flour at 
 the New York and Xew 
 England Railroad dock on 
 the opposite side of the 
 river, so that he frequently 
 carries about five thousand 
 barrels, and his sales of 
 flour alone average fifty 
 carloads a month. He is 
 the sole agent in this vicin- 
 ity for the celebrated flour 
 of the AVash bum-Crosby 
 Company of Minneapolis, 
 as well as for several other 
 western millers. Everj- 
 thing belonging to the 
 grocery trade he carries in 
 large lots. Buying only for 
 cash from first hands, he 
 
 always gives his customers inside prices. He imp'irts his salt direct 
 in vessels which bring it from Turk's Island to his own wharf. He 
 has many advantages for receiving and shipping goods by rail and 
 water which New York houses do not possess. His trade extends 
 throughout all the surrounding counties in this State, and into Con- 
 necticut New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and along the Hudson from 
 Yonkers to Hudson on the cast shore, and from Nyack to Catskill 
 
 oil the west shore. He employs fourteen men in the house and on 
 the road. 
 
 In 1SS4-S6 Mr. Bull owned a half-interest in the freight and passen- 
 ger steamboat line, making daily trips between Newburgh and New 
 York, the firm being known as ^Valter Brett & Co. After j\Ir. Bull's 
 retirement from the firm, the steamboat was sold to Homer Ramsdell, 
 and the business discontinued. 
 
 As a citizen and substantial business man no one stands higher in 
 the communitv than Mr. Bull. Energetic and decisive, he has great 
 capacity for business. As a salesman he had few equals in his line, 
 and the success of the house from its earliest years was in a large 
 
 measure owing to him. He 
 is a trustee of Trinity 
 Church and a worker in the 
 Sabbath .School. He mar- 
 ried, Jlay 26, 1S69, JIartha, 
 daughter of Samuel Oakley 
 (a prominent merchant of 
 Newburgh, who died in 
 JIaj', 1850), and has two 
 children, Emily Grace and 
 John Springstead. 
 
 
 STEPHEN 
 
 1 — William 
 
 F. Burke. 
 
 2_Wilmcr 
 
 W. Schorm'^rlTjm, 
 
 -Cha 
 Jarr 
 
 7 Samufl Say>' 
 
 GRANT E. EDGAR, 
 
 born ill New York City, 
 December 24, 1S22; died in 
 Newburgh, May 11, 1890. 
 His father, John, came 
 from Scotland, and for a 
 period prior and subse- 
 quent to the birth of Grant 
 E., resided in New York 
 City. The latter was one of 
 seven children — three sons 
 and f o u r daughters. In 
 1S24 the family moved to 
 Buenos Ayres, in South 
 America, and on their re- 
 turn to the United States, 
 eight 3-ears later, came to 
 Ncwbtirgh to live; the fath- 
 er then engaged in cabinet- 
 making. He was an excel- 
 lent workman, and was 
 President of the National 
 CalMnet-makers' Associa- 
 tion. When he \\-as four- 
 teen years old Grant went 
 t(.> sea, and cruised about 
 the world for five years. In 
 the Winter of 1841 he went 
 with his father to Buffalo, 
 where the latter was fore- 
 man of the Cutler Desk 
 Company's works, an im- 
 portant concern. Grant 
 A\'orked at the trade under 
 his father's instruction, and 
 when they return e d t o 
 Newburgh in the following 
 year he started in business 
 for himself. 
 The factory was the building in Front Street now occupied by 
 John Delancy, built for Mr. Edgar's use by Homer Ramsdell. The 
 elder Mr. Edgar died (1S42) soon after the business was begun. The 
 product of the factory was every description of household furniture, 
 xvhich found a ready sale. Warerooms were established in the build- 
 ing Nos. 21 and 23 Water Street, purchased by Mr. Edgar from Mrs. 
 1 )aniel Parish. It was then a small, two and a half story building, hke 
 
 BULL'S BOOKKEEPERS AND SALESMEN 
 
 Leonard. 
 8-Edw 
 
 -Wllhar 
 — Jams'; 
 
 B, Montgo 
 
 BoRardu^ 
 
;02 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 the uLlicrs UuU composed the row. ilr. Edi;ai- enUirj^ed it t;re;itly- 
 ni;ikin;< it tive stories in height— and combined therein, in i.S5(,, lic.tli 
 the mannfactory and sales departments. I'or a h)ni; period he 
 
 mannfactured a 1 I 
 tlic furniture he 
 Sold, yiving em- 
 ployment to a large 
 number of artisans; 
 but subscqucnth- 
 the factory wiis al- 
 most exelusiveb 
 employed in the 
 production of sash, 
 blinds and doors. 
 A local paper said 
 mI' him: 
 
 "He \v:i.s enterpris- 
 ing" in a degree tlia^. 
 astenished his enn- 
 lempuraries in his 
 younger days. We 
 believe he was the 
 Hrst tn erect in this 
 eit\- ;in immense 
 buildin.si to carry on 
 llis particular line "i 
 business, and many 
 shniik their heads at 
 his hardihood, but he 
 persevered, and 
 thn-ugh all the fluc- 
 tuations of trade he 
 ever preserved the 
 reputation of an hon- 
 est man." 
 
 About 1S75 he discontinued Ihe sash, blind and door business, and 
 again en.gaged in the retail furniture business; and his unflagging en- 
 ergy, enterprise and fi 'rehandedness, which had earned success in the 
 beginning of his career, ensured renewed prosperity. Mr. Edgar was 
 admired nrit alone for the rectitude of his life, but especially for his 
 striving to help others in the christian way, and his unremitting and 
 conscientious zeal in mission work. For many years it was his custom 
 on Sabbath mornings to visit the jirisoners in the city jail, and show 
 them the wav to a better life. In this field, and in others, he was a tire- 
 
 GRANT E. EDGAR. 
 
 THE GERARD HOUSE 71 Ann Street. 
 One of the Oldest Dwellings in Newburgfi, 
 
 less missioner. He seemed especially endowed for such work; certain 
 it is that few other laymen have been so well received by those to whom 
 he ministered, and so effective. In 1.S54 Mr. Edgar became a member 
 
 of the l'"irst Associate Reformed Church, but after iJr. JlcCarrell's 
 death he joined the society of Calvary Church, and at the time of his 
 death, and for many years prior thereto, was an Elder. He also taught 
 a large jirimary class in the Sabbath School and was very popular 
 with his pupils. In 1S74 he was elected by the Republican party an 
 AUlerman for the Thinl Ward. He married (1855) Mary Gerard, of 
 Newburgh, and had three children, John, Margaret and Grant E., jr. 
 
 The Gerard house, an illustration of which is printed herewith, is 
 located on the southeast corner of Grand and Ann Streets, although 
 Grand Street has been opened through there since the house was 
 built. This is one of the oldest dwellings in the place, the main part 
 of it having been erected in 1812. Two additions have since been 
 made t<i it. 
 
 GRANT E. EDGAR. Jr.. furniture, Xos. 21 and 23 Water Street. 
 This is the largest house in the city dealing exclusively in furniture. 
 The business was established in 1S42, by Grant E. Edgar, who, at his 
 
 FURNITURE WAREROO MS. 
 
 '^, 
 
 GRANT E EDGARS STORE 
 
 nd 23 Water Street. 
 
 dealli, was succeeded by his son, Grant E. Edgar, jr. The building 
 eiinUiins live stories, each one hundred feet in depth bv thirtv in width, 
 \vith a large electric passenger elevator and other metropoUtan ap- 
 pointments. One beautiful show-window contains the largest plate- 
 glass hitherto owned in the city, and the displays of fine furniture are 
 always attractive spectacles. All the newest designs in parlor, cham- 
 ber, dining-room, kitchen and office furniture are included in the stock, 
 the parlor suites being obtainable in all the richest and latest styles of 
 upholstery. Some very beautiful furniture may be seen here. Mr. 
 Edgar has the exclusive sale in this city of the Hartford Woven-Wire 
 Mattress Company's goods, the Indianapolis Cabinet Company's roll- 
 top desks, and the 1). N. Selleg fancy chairs. Mr. Edgar man- 
 ufactures considerable of his own furniture. The stock comes to him 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 in "the white," except limngcs and 
 
 bedding, whieh are made entirely in 
 
 his manufacturing department on 
 
 the fifth floor. Mr. Edgar has es- 
 
 tabhshed a reputation for a high 
 
 grade of goods and reasonabh 
 
 prices. 
 
 ■v>»^»*, 
 
 JOHN DALES, senior member 
 uf the real estate and insurance firm 
 of John Dales ^ Co. , has long been 
 one of our citizens, and his business 
 career has been uniformly honorable 
 and successful. He was born in the 
 Town of Stamford, Delaware Coun- 
 ty, X. Y., February 4, 1S20. He re- 
 ceived a common school education, 
 and at the age of fifteen set out i. > 
 make his own way in the world. 
 His first occupation was in a store 
 at Monticello. X. Y. In the Spring 
 of 1S39 he entered the employ of 
 Crawford, ilailler iV Co.. who ran a 
 line of boats between Xewburgh 
 and Xew York. In 1,^43 he accom- 
 panied "\V. H. Gerard to Memphis, 
 Tenn. , and was employed in Jlr, 
 Gerard's general store two years. 
 Fi.ir two years he was in Xew York 
 City in a wholesale dry goods store. 
 From 1847 to 1S65 Mr. Dales conduct- 
 ed a successful business at Jordan, 
 X. Y. He then returned to Xewburgh and formed a partnership with 
 W. O. Mailler in the forwarding business, remaining in it four years. 
 Since that time Mr. Dales has been engaged in the real estate and 
 insurance business in this citj-. For a long time he was also the pas- 
 
 senger agent of the Erie Railroad 
 lierc. He lias lieen identified with 
 a number of the enterprises pro- 
 jected for the benefit of the city, 
 notably the Xc\yburgh and Midland 
 Railroad ComjDany, of which he was 
 secretary. He was one of the origi- 
 nal members of the Board of Trade, 
 and has long been a director of the 
 Ouassaick Bank, ,secretary of the 
 Woodlawn Cemetery Association, 
 and a mana,ger of the X'ewburgh 
 Bible Society, 
 
 For nearly twenty-five years he 
 has been a ruling elder, trustee and 
 treasurer of the Calvary Presbyter- 
 ian Church, He married in 1S45 
 Susan Oakley, sister of Jackson 
 Oakley, and of Jlrs, William K, 
 Mailler, iirs. Dales died Xovcniber 
 24, iS()o, Their only son, who was 
 cashier of the Jlillerton Xational 
 i;ank, died Xovember i, 1.SS3, Mrs, 
 Charles iJ, Robinson is a daughter; 
 her husband is Mr, Iiales's partner 
 in business. 
 
 THE DALES BUILDING— 44 and 46 Third Street, 
 
 three c 
 Glean, 
 AVater 
 Xos, f. 
 
 GEORGE B. ADAMS, dry 
 
 go<tds and carpets, Xos, 62 and 64 
 Water Street. The X^ewburgh store 
 of George B. Adams is one of 
 iwned by him. The other two are at Middletown, X. Y. , and 
 X. Y. The store in this city was opened in isyy at Xo, .80 
 Street In the Fall of 1890 Mr. Adams leased the buildings 
 : and 64 Water Street, and after they had been re-modeled and 
 
 .JOHII Uf'f-fl 
 
 GEORGE B. ADAMS, 
 
304 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 fitteil up at an expense n( gio.ooo, he mcivecl liis business thereto, 
 April I, iSyi. The premises are very attractive. 'I'liey liave a hand- 
 some oak front, with two great plate-glass windows, one thirteen feet 
 wide and the other eleven. The main floor is thirty-six feet in width 
 and eighty-five in depth, with five long rows of shelves and counters. 
 Xear the center of the rtoor is tlic cashier's department, from whicli 
 
 The spacious salesrooms are metropolitan in all their appointments. 
 The stock is large and comprehensive, and everythmg properly be- 
 longing to the dry goods and carpet trades can be found there. For- 
 eign as well as American goods are freely carried, and Mr. Adams 
 has all liis arrangements perfected for securing the freshest and 
 choicest novelties as soon as they are ready for the trade. With three 
 
 
 LHIYGOOUS ^ CMi\?\ZXS. 
 
 id 64 W.iter bu 
 
 radiates a system of cash railways. The woodwork is finished gen- 
 erally in its natural colors. This floor is used exclusively for general 
 and fancy dry goods and an immense stock is carried. In the base- 
 ment are the domestic and cloak departments. The second and third 
 floors are used for the carpet departments, and for curtains, rugs, 
 window-shades, and such like. The building is heated by steam and 
 lighted bv electricity. 
 
 large liouses to suj^ply, and with ample resources, Mr. Adams is one 
 of the heaviest buyers in the retail trade, and for that rea.son he can 
 both buy and sell on the most reasonable terms. This year, for 
 instance, he purchased personally in Europe and imported directly in 
 the name cjf the firm, many thousand dollars worth of goods. The 
 purchase of 1,600 dozen of plain, printed, embroidered and initial 
 handkerchiefs alone, in Belfast, amounted to £^ao or S2,5(«. At 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 305 
 
 Dunfermline he purchased ;,ff)oo or $3,000 worth of hiiens, besides 
 laces and lace handkerchiefs at Brussels, and dress goods and trim- 
 mings at Paris. Mr. Adams' Newburgh store has a great patronage, 
 not confined to the citj' alone, but drawn from all the surrounding 
 country. The managers of the Newburgh branch are Alfred IT. Lyon 
 and J. C. Hanford. 
 
 ilr. Adams was born in Wantage, N. J., in 1S43. His father, a 
 Baptist clergyman, died when George was two years old, leaving 
 three sons. George attended school until he was fifteen years old, 
 and then found a place in the dry-goods store of Wallace & Hem- 
 raingway, at Goshen, N. Y. In 1S63 he came to Newburgh and en- 
 gaged as clerk for Stephen Hayt & Co. Four years later he formed 
 
 
 ' r-, ^1 V W I 3 I , 
 
 And Dealer m&lass Oils Puttv and OyeSiufls.! 
 
 &AriDtN.flELD&rLOWERS£tDS.y 
 
 ''■•:';-■■"'-' ^Bpr.T.Lsrd & Machinery Om', ^%i 
 
 V\ 
 
 ISAAC XL^CHAPMAN^ 
 
 ISAAC C CHAPI/IAtI S STORE- 111 Water ilri;.M 
 
 a partnership with Nathaniel B. Hayt, and opened a dry-goods store 
 at Jliddletown. The enterprise was successful from the beginning. 
 After five years Mr. Hayt sold his interest to T. A. Weller, and 
 shortly afterward the firm erected and movefl to the large business 
 block, Nos. 33 and 35 North Street. Later, when an auspicious open- 
 ing was presented for a branch house in Newburgh, the store No. 80 
 Water Street was leased and stocked with forty thousand dollars' 
 worth of goods. At first the firm occupied one floor, but afterwards 
 took in the basement also. In 1886 Mr. Adams became the sole pro- 
 prietor of both stores, Mr. Weller retiring. In 1887 Mr. Adams 
 bou^'ht the large dry goods and carpet estabUshment of N. .S. Butler 
 & Co., at r)lean, N. Y., and since then has conducted the three .stores. 
 
 Middletown is his place of residence. He is a trustee of the Middle- 
 town Savings Bank, a director of the First National Bank, a director 
 of tile Middletown _ 
 Street Rail w a y 
 Co m pan v, and a 
 member of tile 
 Board of Directors 
 of the First Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 He married Lottie 
 K., daughter of 
 Edward JIapes, of 
 Newburgh, and 
 has two daughters. 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 I.e. CHAPMAN 
 
 Avas l)oni in Xew- 
 burgh, July 31, 
 1833. On the side 
 of his father. Pad- 
 dock Chapman, de- 
 ceased, he is a 
 lineal descendant 
 f >f Ralph Chapman , 
 a native of Eng- 
 land, -who settled 
 in l)nxl)ur\-, Mass. , 
 in 1635; \\liile on 
 the side of his 
 mother, Marv, 
 daughter of Joseph Hoffman, deceased, his descent runs back to the 
 pure Holland stock of New York, and links him to a business career 
 
 ISAAC C. CHAPMAN. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF ISAAC C. CHAPMAN— 164 Grand Street. 
 
 which was begun in Ne\vburgh nearly one hundred years ago, the 
 memory of whose founder is garlanded with a consistent record for 
 
;o6 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 integrity and kind ai'ts. At aliout iliu age <>( thirtcL-n years (iS4ii), Mr. 
 Chapman entered llie eniplov i>f lir. Fdias Peek as a druggist's elerk, 
 but subsequently returned tn selninl and gradualed at tlie Aeadeniy 
 under 1 >r. H. R, Hall in r'^4.s. Having a taste inr the business in 
 whieli he was llrst emiihived and a I'avuralile ..]i|:i irlnnity fc.r entering 
 it, he then went to New Vurk t'ily with Mr, James Synie; from 
 thenee to Charlesl(.n, S, C (rs^i), with I'r, J, A, Cleveland; from 
 thence to New (bleaus (iSv.')with 1 )r, Synie, He returned to New 
 York in 1.^53, as elerk for I >r, Newman, and in r'^55 purehased tile 
 druggist's stock and business of Henry II, Heuslis, in Newburgh, to 
 whieh he added, liv jiurehase in 1 S60. the stock and business of Isaac 
 Sebring Fowler, then at the store which he has evci- since occupied. 
 In other than business relations Mr, Chapnian has had an active 
 and useful part. He served as Clerk of the old Town of New- 
 burgh, which then included the present city, in 1.S57, '5,8 and '5(1; 
 was Supervisor from the Third Ward of the city ni rS73; was for three 
 years a directorof the Warw iek Valley Railroad as the representative 
 of Newburgh interests; has been one of the trustees of the Newburgh 
 Savings Bank since 1S62, and is now the secretary of that institution; 
 has been one of the Board of Directors of the Bank of Newburgh 
 since i.SSo, and for many years has served as a member of the 
 <jfficial board of the Union Presbyterian Church, In these and in 
 
 ^ffs -fii .m -fft -iTi -fft- 
 
 ol the County of Orange at a place now included within the towns of 
 Montgomery and Hamptonburgh, 
 
 Mr, Miller was born in the village, now city, of Newburgh, August 
 14, 1830; was a pupil at the old Newburgh Academy in the years 
 i,S3y, '40, and '41, and afterwards at the school attached to the Asso- 
 
 JAMES W MILLER'S STORE 29 Water Street, 
 
 other channels he has borne his part in advancing the interests of the 
 community and afforded the most substantial evidence of an unblem- 
 ished reputation for integrity, Mr, Chapman married, in 1856, Miss 
 Letitia Kennedy, and has one son, John H,, born in i860. 
 
 ^ 
 
 JAMES W. MILLER is one of the numerous descendants of 
 Johannes Miller the first and cjf William Bull the first, who in or about 
 the year 1715 were the first two settlers in what is now the central part 
 
 JAMES W MILLER, 
 
 ciate Reformed Church Seminary at Newburgh, He then entered 
 his father's store, at No, 29 Water Street, in this city, where he has ever 
 since remained in business, succeeding his father, James W. Miller, 
 at the same location where the business was commenced by his grand- 
 father, David Miller, in the year 1S04. In the year 1S74 he was elect- 
 ed a jMember of Assembly from this the First Assembly District of 
 Orange County. 
 
 Mr. Miller is a man of strong will and of great courage and per- 
 sistency; of an original and incisive mind he throws himself heartily 
 into whatever cause he espouses; he is reticent and self-contained; by 
 his kindness and generosity he attaches strongly to himself those 
 wdtom he admits to his confidence and friendship. For many years 
 he has been a very active member of the Associate Reformed Church 
 at Newdjurgh, and in this he has followed strictly in the footsteps of 
 his father. In politics, he has always been an enthusiastic Democrat, 
 and that not simply in the technical and political sense, but in the 
 hearty resjieet he feels for manhood by whomsoever it may be shown. 
 
 THEODORE MERRITT is a native of Newburgh and of the 
 fifth genertition of tieorge Jlerritt and Glorianna Purely, w ho came to 
 the Town of Newburgh in 1747, in company with the Purdy and 
 Fowler families, all being related by marriage. Thirteen children, 
 the fruits of the marriage, came with them, and their direct and 
 collateral descendants have been identified with the history and 
 development of the town and city almost from the time of their found- 
 ing. His lineal descent is from Daniel, the son of Underbill, the son 
 of Humphrev, the son of George, the son of John, Sr., who came from 
 England in or about 1680, and settled in Rye, Westchester County. 
 The homestead of the family at Middlehope was purchased by Hum- 
 
NEW BURGH 
 
 307 
 
 phrey Merritt in 175S, passed to Underhill Merritt; thence to Daniel 
 Merritt, and is still held bj- Hiram and Daniel H., toothers of Theo- 
 dore. Daniel Merritt 
 throughout a long life 
 was a r e p r e s e n t a t i \- c 
 farmer and a man -with 
 whom the principles of 
 the Christian religion 
 were not only always in- 
 telligently present in his 
 dealings with his fellow- 
 men, but made their im- 
 press upon his children. 
 His memory is widely 
 cherished as a man of 
 firm convictions, yet 
 ■ ' mth malice toward 
 none, with charity for 
 all." 
 
 The wife of Daniel 
 Merritt and the mother of 
 Theodore was Ehza, 
 daughter of John Halt. 
 She was bom in the Town 
 of Marlborough, X. Y., 
 April 26, 1S05. The duties 
 of a Christian mother she 
 lovingh- discharged, and 
 " her children rise up and 
 call her blessed." She was 
 amiable, of noble bearing, 
 exemplar^-, and those lov- 
 ed her most who knew her best. Her home was a model of order 
 and comfort. She retained all her mental and physical faculties 
 
 RESIDENCE OF THEODORE MERRITT— 86 Grand Street, 
 
 father's farm at Middlchopc in 1.S53, entering the employ of John R. 
 Gorham, Sr., as a druggist's clerk. Application lo the study of the 
 
 details of the business 
 soon gave him qualifica- 
 tions (JH which he might 
 rcasonabb' command suc- 
 cess, and in 1.859 'ic pur- 
 chased the Inisiness of 
 John F. A'an Nort, and 
 became his successor. In 
 1868 he purchased the 
 store ff 'rmerh' occupied 
 by John 1). 7'hillips, then 
 the leading merchant in 
 ihe drug and paint trade, 
 which he now occupies. 
 Mr. Mcrritt's business as 
 a wholesale and retail 
 dealer and manufacturer 
 of drugs, medicines and 
 prf)prietary articles has 
 grown to large i)rop(_)r- 
 tions, and he has main- 
 tained a character for 
 integrity and honorable 
 business methods. The 
 business occupies the 
 whole li\'e floors of Xo. 
 40 AVater vStreet. 
 
 Jlr. Jlcrritt, aside from 
 his business, is accounted 
 a representative and sub- 
 stantial citizen. He has always been identified with the Republican 
 party and maintained its principles. He has been the chairman of 
 
 THEODORE MERRITT. 
 
 C, EMMET CRAWFORD, 
 
 unimpaired until the very end of her long Ufe. She died August 5, the Republican County and City Committees, a delegate to State 
 1891, aged .S6, Theodore came to the Village of Xewburgh from his Conventions .several times, and frequently to (.'ounty and city 
 
3*^^ 
 
 NEWBUHGH. 
 
 assemblies nf liis ]):u"t\-, but with the L-xueptinii cf one term in the 
 Board (if iMhieatien he has never held nor desired offieial position. 
 He served his time witli Cataraet Eni;iiie Company. 
 
 He married Sarah, dau.u'hter of ] )r. ('ieori;-e Tlnntei', •<! Crawford, 
 and has four sons; Hiram, of New York ; (leori;e II. and Daniel, 
 pharmaeisls. who are with him in business, and TheodorL' A. , student. 
 His ^\'ife died h\'bruar\' 23. 1873. 
 
 ^■ooils store, al Middletow-n, and then Ijoui^ht out the old furniture 
 house of Hiram I'.rink, in iMiddlctown. A year later he bought out 
 the I0111; established crockery house of I. O. Beattie, a household 
 
 C. EMMET CRAWFORD was born in tin- Town of W'allkill in 
 1S40. His father, James B. Crawford, was a farmer. He was 
 educated at Oie Wallkill Academ\-, in Middletown, and at liastman's 
 
 £0 UO U LZ: :A tilK Li L V i: 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 THEODORE MERRITT'S STORE 40 Wjtur Street. 
 
 Business College. He remained on the larm till he was married, in 
 1870, to a daughter of the Rev. C. A. Harvey, I >. 1 1., of Middletown. 
 For two \-ears thereafter he was employed in lleorge B, Adams's dry 
 
 NEW YORK FURNITURE COMPANY'S STORE-102 Water Street. 
 
 name in that section of the county, and combined the two businesses, 
 which harl occupieil adjoining buildings at Xos. 44 and 46 North 
 Street. It is now the largest business house in Middletown, com- 
 prising twenty-five thousand square feet of store-room. 
 
 For seven years Jlr. Crawford conducted this large establishment 
 alone; then he took his brother, ( >. Clark Crawforil, into partnership. 
 The next year they opened the store of the 
 
 .NKW VnUK KlK.Mirkt, IDMI'A.W 
 
 in Xcwbiirgh. They first occupied the Chandler building in AVatcr 
 Street, 'i'his business also grew rapidly from the start. In 1S.S7 O. 
 C. Crawford retired from the firm to study for the ministrv. After 
 a time tlie business outgrew the Chandler building, and the companv 
 leaserl the two upper floors of the Whited building (No. S6). Then 
 they rented three upper lofts of No. .Si; Water Street, and the whole 
 of a large building in South Water Street. In 1SS7 the large factory, 
 Xos. I 10 and 112 Front Street, M-as started as auxiliarv to the store, 
 and manufactured parlor furniture, lounges and mattresses, both for 
 their own store and the general trade. The company was then 
 a tenant of five landlonls, and rlcsiring tn concentrate, tliev leased 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 509 
 
 102 Water Street, and Nos. 73. 75. 77 iH"! 1') Front 
 
 the property X. 
 Street. 
 
 A handsome building, especially adapted to the busmess, and 
 costing fifteen thousand dollars, was erected on the Water Street site 
 and connected with the Front Street building. The former has ^\v(J 
 floors and the latter four, connected by elevators, and altogether it is 
 the largest house-fiirnishing establishment on the Hudson River. 
 It has a large stock of crockery and a large stock of carpets, all 
 in addition to the great stock of furniture. With every facility for 
 the business, it is deemed the best arranged household furnishmg 
 house in this section. In Middlctown the company has four floors in 
 each of its two buildings, a loft in the Press building, and the upper 
 loft in the large Empire block. The company carries about sixty 
 thousand dollars' worth of stock, embracing, besides furniture, 
 crockery and carpets, a large assortment of silver-plated ware, lamps 
 and general house-furnishing goods. The supply of each is of the 
 most comprehensive character, from the plainest to the most elegant 
 and costly. Whatever is esteemed as adding to the comfort and 
 elegance of the household is here to be found at the lowest prices of 
 moderation. As a consequence, their trade is very large, extending 
 up and down the river and into the interior. They also have a store 
 in Brown's Block, Main Street, JIatteawan, for the sale of their entire 
 lines; and a store in Port Jervis exclusively for the sale of the product 
 of their factorv — parlor furniture, lounges and mattresses. Jlr. Craw- 
 ford says "the kej-note of the New York Furniture Company's suc- 
 cess is honesty and strict attention to business. We are never tempted 
 to say a thing is better than it really is ; and it is our utmost endeavor to 
 give satisfaction to purchasers." To this end, the company is ver^- lib- 
 eral in its terms. They sell either on instalments, or on time, and of 
 course for cash, and seek to accommodate patrons in every reason- 
 able way. In February, 1.S91, Elting D. B. France, James W. 
 Crawford and Charles H. Mapcs, all of Middletown, were admitted 
 into partnership in thelMiddletown store and the upholstering factory 
 in Xewburgh. 
 
 H. Forson and Thomas M. Ross, are both gentlemen of large ex- 
 perience and established reputation in this line of enterprise, and give 
 their close ]iersonal attention to all the details of their business. 
 
 FORSON & ROSS, steam granite and marble works, Nos. 99- 
 103 Front Street. This business was established about the beginning 
 of the present century and is the oldest in its hne in the city. The 
 predecessors of the present proprietors were John W. JlcCullough. 
 
 ■WILLIAM H. MAPES wash..™ in Xewburgh, on ilarch 12, 1S61, 
 and with the exception of two years spent <jn the river and in New York 
 City in the employ of the Homer Ramsdell Transportation Company, 
 has continued to live in his native place ever since. He was educated 
 partly by private instruction and partly m the public schools, and is 
 proud of having been an " Old Academy" boy, from which institution 
 he graduated in 1.878. He conies from an ancestry in which is com- 
 bined the blood of the Anglo-Saxon, Norman, Frenchman and Hol- 
 lander, and which fought nobly for freedom in the war for indepen- 
 dence, and is descended through his mother from the Warren family, 
 
 THE CARROLL MOHUMEtJT-lr, St Pa.nck's Cenaetery Mado by For=on & Ro = = 
 
 David Miller and Thornton M. Niven. The works are supplied witl, 
 steam power and every modern facility for the working of granite 
 and mar-Die, and the production of the finest monumental and ceme- 
 tery work. The firm carry in stock a fine display of monuments, 
 headstones and memorials, and are prepared to make any style desir- 
 ed promptly to order. r>esi.gns and estimates are furnished and the 
 finest class of monument work is erected. The copartners, David 
 
 WILLIAM H. MAPES, 
 
 n(jted in Massachusetts liistory. His paternal ancestor, Thomas Mapes, 
 was liorii in Wales and emigrated to America eariy in the iSth 
 century, settling in what is now the Town of Monroe. lie was one of 
 the first settlers of Orange County, and Sheriff of said c<iunty during 
 the latter part of the Revolution. His great-grandfather, James 
 Mapes, was a soldier in the Revolutionary Army and is known to have 
 helped defend the Highland forts against the British, and to have 
 r, )Uglit under Wayne at the storming of Stony Point. His grandfath- 
 er, Robert B. Mapes, of Marlboro, Ulster County, was a wheelwright 
 l,y trade, and in the latter years of his life built and conducted the 
 ]•" armors' Hotel at that place. He was an ofiicer of cavalry and a 
 prominent figure in the militia of that section. 
 
 Ceorge W. Mapes, his father, who died suddenly in 1S84, will be re- 
 membered by most Newburghers for his genial nature and pleasant 
 ways while keeper of a restaurant and market in the old building on 
 the northwest corner of Front and Third Streets, which while under 
 his management was f..r many years a popular place of resort. He 
 was a Knight of Hon, )r, and for a number of years served in Col- 
 umbian Hose Comiiany. 
 
 Mr. Mapes is a natural artist. The first attempts of his fingers 
 lo use a pencil when a child were to imitate the objects he saw around 
 
,io 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 him, ami from thai liiiK- till tin- ]uv^L■tU Ik- has been a devnted studuiil 
 (if natufe ami dI art. Athletic in liiiihl ami deliyhtiiii;- in ciut-door ex- 
 ercise, he has since lioyhoud wandered over the hills and valleys of 
 " Old Orange " sketchint,' here and there and studying the beautiful, 
 in hope of reprodueiny it for 
 the pleasure of others. 
 
 He has made a number 
 of creditable paintings which 
 ha\-c found ready purchas- 
 ers, but since 1SS5, when he 
 opened his studio at No. 64 
 Water Street, he has given 
 most of his attention to pho- 
 tography. All of the recent 
 views, many of them of the 
 most dilficult nature, reqitii- 
 ing skill of the highest grade 
 and untiring patience, and 
 a large number of the por- 
 traits in this book, were 
 made l)v him. Always striv- 
 ing to excel, and having al- 
 ready been recognized by 
 high authorities as a promis- 
 ing operator, he hopes in 
 time to take rank with the 
 foremost men in his jirofes- 
 sion. Mr. JIapes is an Epis- 
 copalian in belief — a member 
 of St. George's Church. Since 
 1SS2 he has been connected 
 with the Young Men's Christian Association and prominent in its de- 
 bating societies. He was the first teacher in the Association Ciymna- 
 suim, a i;)<isitinn which a dangerous accident compelled him to 
 relinquish. IMr. Mapcs was married in 1SS5 to Louise I). Cireene, 
 dau.ghter of William R. Greene, of Balmvillc. and they have two 
 children, both girls, named respectively Sidney and Helen. 
 
 TURNER, SHIPP Sc OSBORN'S OFFICES — 50 Tniid Street 
 
 TURNER, SHIPP & OSBORN isuccessors to Turner i: Sanford). 
 The history of Xewburgh would hardly be complete without some 
 
 mention of the well known 
 firm of real estate and in- 
 surance cigents, Turner, 
 Shipp & (">sborn, Xo. 50 
 Third Street. For more 
 than fifteen years, first as 
 E. S. Turner, down to a 
 later period, and since the 
 present members assumed 
 charge of the business. 
 the fortunes of this con- 
 cern have been closely 
 identificil with the steady 
 growth and prosperity nf 
 our city. The individual 
 members of the firm have 
 Iiccn among oiu" foremost 
 anfl aeti\-e citizens \\ho 
 ,iri' always ready to lend 
 a helping hand to every 
 piiviite or ])ublic nieasiu"e 
 which would benefit the 
 people. In rettirn the 
 people of Xewburgh and 
 surrounding country have 
 given the firm a lar.ge share of their jiatronage, and it is safe to say that 
 the house is as well and favorably known as any agency in the State. 
 In addition to the Newburgh business they have representatives in 
 nearly every villa,ge and town in Orange Count)-, who do business 
 
 PHOTO 
 
 SHIPP 
 
 through them. Among their long list <jf companies are numbered 
 some of the strongest and most successful in the world, such as the 
 Royal, Liverpocjl and London and Globe, Hanciver, North British, 
 (Juardian, Insurance Company of North America, and others equally 
 
 as good. They also represent 
 the Mutual Life of New- 
 York, with its enormous as- 
 sets of more than one hun- 
 dred and fifty million dol- 
 lars. In addition the firm in- 
 sures against loss by torna- 
 do, explosion of boilers and 
 accident. Their real estate 
 business is large and increas- 
 ing, and besides they deal 
 extensively in first mort- 
 
 SAMUEL E. SHIPP, the 
 
 senior member of the firm, 
 was born in Princess Ann 
 County, Virginia, in 1S51. 
 He was educated at Colum- 
 bian College, Washington, 
 U. C, and at the close of 
 the war began liusiness in 
 Richmond. He was soon af- 
 terwards appointed Assist- 
 ant Postmaster, and held 
 that position until appointed 
 treasurer of Norfolk City. 
 Mr. Shipp soon tired of public 
 hfc, however, and returned t(j Washington, where he engaged ac- 
 tively in the real estate business until he eame to Newburgh in iSSS. 
 After he came to this city he purchased an interest in the real estate 
 and insurance firm of Turiier & Sanford, and on the retirement of 
 Messrs. Turner and Sanford from the business reorganized it by as- 
 sociating with himself his present partner and conducting the busi- 
 ness under the present firm name. 
 
 Mr. Shipp is an active, energetic and aggressive ousiness man, and 
 his name for the past three years has been prominently associated 
 with nearly every important enterprise, both public and private, that 
 has come before the cit- 
 izens in our town. He is 
 a firm believer in the fu- 
 ture .growth and prosper- 
 ity of Newburgh, is a 
 strong iulvocate of honie 
 i n \- e s t m e n ts, and is 
 '■ broad gauge " in all his 
 ideas concerning public 
 improvements. Although 
 a comparative stranger 
 he has already won the 
 confidence and esteem of 
 our ]>co})le and is recei\-- 
 ing a large share of their 
 patronage in his line of 
 business. 
 
 DAVID A. OSBORN, 
 the iunior member of the 
 lirm, was born in Green- 
 field, Ulster County, N. 
 ^^,in i.^f)3, his earl\- an- 
 cestors being numbered 
 amongthe pioneer settlers 
 of eastern New York. He 
 received a common-school education, and subseciuently, w-ishiug to en- 
 ter a business life, after a course of mercantile study decided to locate 
 in Newburgh. A position with a wholesale house in this city being 
 ofl'ered him, he accepted it. At the expiration of five years he re- 
 
 DAVID A OSBORN. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 311 
 
 signed this position to take one as manager of the insurance depart- 
 ment of the real estate and iusuranee ageney witli whieli he is now 
 identified. Mr. Osborn having given much time, thought and atten- 
 tion to the subject of insm-ance, in its many and varied forms, the ex- 
 perience thus acquired fitted him in a marlced degree tn enter the firm 
 as a partner, which relation he assumed at a later period and still 
 holds. 
 
 SAMUEL J. OWEN, born in Goshen, June, 1S41; died in New- 
 burgh ilarch 10, iS.ii. For many years Jlr. Owen was prominent in 
 the clothing trade of this city. He was tlie son of Nelson Owen. 
 
 SAMUEL J. OWEN'S STORE— 98 and loo Water Street. 
 
 His first employment was in a store in Port Jervis; hiter he came to 
 Newburgh and entered the employ of James II. Phillips where he 
 remained with Mr. Phillips eight years. Upon the death of ex-Mayor 
 Robert Sterling he formed a partnership with Richard Sterling, 
 nephew of the late proprietor, and purchased the clothing business, 
 continuing at the old stand, corner of Front and Third .Streets. When 
 this partnership was dissolved Mr. Ow^en moved to his new building, 
 Nos. 98 and 100 Water Street, and continued the business there till his 
 'leath. He always took an interest in whatever tended to the advance- 
 ment of Newburgh, and was a man of progressive i<leas, was very 
 
 successful in business and accumulated a eompeteney. He married 
 Miss Gillespie, sister of llic Rev. J). 1 ). (liUespie, of ilarlborough, who 
 survives him, with one daughter. 
 
 PECK & VAN DALFSEN, dt 
 
 >tli, etc.. No. 114 AVater Street. 
 
 alers in furniture, earj^ets, oil 
 This l)nsiness was established 
 
 SAMUEL J. OWEN 
 
 nearly lift)' years ago \>y Charles I'. Cushman, who \vas succeeded 
 by W. E. & J. C. Peck in 1S51, the store being at No. 75 Water Street. 
 In 1.S55 Mr. Van Dalfsen became a member of the firm, and in 1S6S 
 C. A. Harcourt bought William E. Peck's interest, and the firm 
 became known as Peck, Van iJalfsen & Co., and after the death of 
 Jlr. Harcourt, as Peck & Van Dalfsen. At No. 114 AVater Street 
 thev have five floors each 40x80 feet in size, and on the opposite 
 side of Fourth .Street they have two lloors of tlie large building 
 Nos. iiS and 120 Water Street. Peek iv A'an Dalfsen were the 
 first firm in this city to put a i^assenger elevator in their establish- 
 ment. Their stock comprises everything connected with the furni- 
 ture and carpet trade. They deal with the best classes of our citi- 
 zens, and make a specialty <if completely furnishing all sizes of 
 liouses, cottages, etc. The firm executes promptly all kinds of 
 upholstering. 
 
 Jonathan C. Peck was born in tlie Town of Ilamptonburgh; he 
 learned the harness-making trade at Mtjntgomery; came to New- 
 burgh in 1837, worked for John R. Wiltsie nine years, and then 
 started in business for himself. In oSji he and his brother bought out 
 the furniture and carpet business •>( Charles U. Cu.shman. 
 
 James T. Van Dalfsen was born at Coeymans, N. V. His father 
 was the captain of a river packet. He came here in 1S45, when eight 
 years old, his father having died. He at once obtained employment 
 as an errand boy with the Lendruiiis. grocers, but found the work 
 too heavy and went into the emph.y of I'hioch Carter in stripping 
 tobacco, at 75 cents a week. In 1S47 be entered employment with 
 Charles U. Cushman in the furniture and carpet business, and at 
 
12 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 leng'th beeaniu ;l iiartncr in the business, lie was a ineniher of lliu 
 Board of I'AUif.Uioii fi-oin iSS-,-sy. and iVmn \Siii,-tu) lie was First As- 
 sistant Chief Eni;'ineei' of 
 the Fire Department. 
 
 ALBERT C. SMITH 
 & CO., steam lleatin.u, 
 plmiibing- and yas lUtini;-, 
 Nos. 4S7 and 4S9 Broad- 
 way. Tllis is tile leadiiii;" 
 eoncern in this se^'tion 
 makinj;- a speeialtx' of 
 steam heatim;- ami pUiiiili- 
 itii;'. ]\stablished in 1S77, 
 it lias i;"rown to lar;.;'L- pro- 
 portions in a eomparalive- 
 ly short period. It is pre- 
 pared to heat houses, 
 offices and stores b\- steam 
 ost imiiroN'ed 
 
 buildings. It is handsomely 
 eeiling, shelves, desk and n 
 
 ninnni 
 
 annnnnci 
 
 on the 
 
 principles, yuarantccim;- 
 satisfactory work at mod- 
 erate prices. This linn 
 carries in stock a full line 
 of wron;^ht-iron pil'>e, ht- 
 tings, \'al\-es and brass 
 goods ; h o u s e-li c a 1 i 11 g 
 boilers, steam radiators. 
 steam traps, etc., lead 
 pipe, cast-iron l^ipe, con- 
 ductor pipe, and fittings; 
 tin and sheet iron work. 
 
 sheet lead, solder, pumps and hydrants. Estimates are furnished for 
 heating, plumbing and \'eiitil:iting. The store and shop, erected cx- 
 presslv for this business, was completed ,'Lnd r)pened Fcbiruarx', iSqo. 
 
 C. SMITH Si CO.'S Buildings 487 and 489 Broadway, 
 
 together a very complete 
 
 ■ finished and furnished. The walls and 
 tilings are all of fieorgia pine. A hall 
 room opening from the 
 rear of the store is hand- 
 somely furnished as a pri- 
 vate office. 
 
 But the portion of the 
 building in which the pro- 
 prietor centers his interest 
 is the workshop in the 
 basement extension fitted 
 up with the latest and 
 best devices in tools and 
 plumbers' outfittings. A 
 w ij r k-b e n c h extends 
 along the whole western 
 side; on the opposite side 
 are cutting and thread- 
 ing machines and similar 
 implements. iJown the 
 middle of the shop is a 
 long double row of com- 
 partments from floor to 
 ceiling, filled with num- 
 erous varieties and sizes 
 of small fittings used in 
 the business. Fifteen me- 
 chanics are generally em- 
 ployed. The shop has 
 a 1 s ri an entrance from 
 Washington Street, and 
 trucks load and unload 
 on that side. It is al- 
 establishment and has a fine trade. 
 
 PECK Si VAN UALFSEN'S STORE- 114 Water Street. 
 
 AUGUSTUS SENIOR'S BUILDING- 32 Water Street. 
 
 Each building is 25 X 50, three stories, with one-story extensicm in the AUGUSTUS SENIOR was bom in the Village of 
 
 rear fifty feet deej). The store occupies the en tire ground floors of both X. V. His father, (leorgc Senior, a retired merchant 
 
 Montgomery, 
 of that place. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 31; 
 
 is the son of Wilham Senior, who came to the United States from 
 Dorsetshire, England, which was the stronghokl of the Senior fam- 
 ily. Augustus \\-as educated at the Montgomery Academy and at 
 Eastman's Business College at Poughkeep- 
 sie. His first employment was in the store 
 of his father and uncle (G. & T. H. Senior) 
 at Montgomery. Then he came to New- 
 burgh and entered the employ of the dry 
 goods firm of Schoonmaker, ISIills tV- AVeller. 
 Two years and a half later he formed a part- 
 nership with Charles ilapes, under the firm 
 name of Mapes & Senior; and three years 
 later he purchased his partner's interest. 
 
 Mr. Senior has since continued his dry 
 goods business without an associate. A few 
 years ago he purchased the fine building. 
 No. 32 "Water Street, corner of Carpenter, 
 and moved his business thereto. He deals 
 exclusively in dry goods, and his store con- 
 tains a large and varied assortment, and 
 supplies a large trade. 
 
 Mr. Senior is a Trustee and an Elder of 
 Calvarv Presbyterian Church, and for five 
 vears has been Superintendent of tlie Sab- 
 bath school. He has been a Director of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association since its 
 re-organization. He married Sarah, daugh- 
 ter of Prof. John W. Doughty, M. A., in 1S72. 
 
 HENRY CARTER, florist, was born in henry carter. 
 
 County Wexford, Ireland, thirty-nine years 
 
 ago. When a small lad he was apprenticed to J. H. Harper, proprie- 
 tor of the Park Nurseries at Wexford, and served four years. He af- 
 terw-ards was employed at CuUen's Wood Nurseries near Dublin, and 
 at the Botanical Gardens in Dubhn. He came to this country in the 
 FaU of 1S6S, and was for three years employed at Daniel T. Weed's 
 fruit farm and green-houses at Middlehope, and was afterwards in 
 
 ness alone. Having purchased a tract of two acres of land on North 
 Street, at the junction of Grand Avenue and the Balmville road, he 
 commenced tne erection of hot-houses thereon, but also continued his 
 First Street place till iSSg, when the latter 
 was discontinued. Jlr. Carter has a large, 
 attractive and very complete establishment. 
 Theie are four houses each one hundred 
 feet long, and six averaging seventy feet in 
 length, together with the jDropagating-house, 
 palmhouse, orchid-house, office, potting- 
 house and boiler-sheds. All the green- 
 houses as well as the residence close by are 
 heated by hot water supplied by four boilers. 
 A Manville windmill keeps the large tanks 
 and cisterns supplied with water, with a 
 strong head in all parts oi the establish- 
 ment. There is a great collection of the 
 rarest and finest varieties of native and for- 
 eign flowering-plants and shrubs, and also 
 a select nursery stock. Mr. Carter makes a 
 specialty of roses, violets, carnations and 
 cut flowers, and his valuable experience and 
 skill are often employed in laying out or 
 beautifying gentlemen's country seats, and 
 decorating interiors for festive occa.sions. 
 Although most of his stock is grown by him- 
 self, he is also a heavv purchaser frrun other 
 nurserymen of novelties, as it is his aim to 
 keep everything that may possibly be desir- 
 ed. He has acquired a large patronage and 
 been very successful. He was married in 
 1S77 to Margaret E. Londergan, of New- 
 burgh, and has two sons and two daughters — Henry Francis, James, 
 
 Marv and Ellen. 
 
 ssss 
 
 JOHN G. WILKINSON. Nos. 6 and S Water Street. The firm 
 of John (i. \\'ilkinson & Co. (composed (jf John G. Wilkinson and 
 George Wilkinson) began business at No. S W'ater Street. Newburgh, 
 
 HENRY CARTER'. CONSERVATORIES AND RESIDENCE-Ccne, 0, No,,. S.-ee, and Bal.v,,,. Road. 
 
 charge of William C. Hasbrouck's fine place. In 1.^74 he formed a 
 nartnership with William F. Findley, with green-houses on First 
 St 't and after Mr. Findley's death Mr. Carter continued the busi- 
 
 N. v., in March, iSO.S, dealing in carriage and saddlery hardware. 
 The rapid increase of the business necessitated large quarters, and in 
 September, i.36<j, the building No. 6 Water Street was purchased, 
 
314 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 and the twu l>uikliiii;-s made practieally 
 one. Since that time the buildings have 
 been enlarged at two dilTeient times to 
 accommodate the growth i.f tlie busi- 
 ness. There ai'e now in use live floors, 
 each thirty l)y sixty-five feet. At the 
 death of George Wilkinson, in iSSi, tlie 
 firm name was changed to John G. \\\]- 
 kinson, which it now remains. Tlie 
 stoclc comprises everything used in tlie 
 manufacture of carnages and sleighs, 
 from the smallest piece up to and in- 
 eluding the iinishcd carriages and 
 sleighs of every variety; also, a line 
 of harness-makers' materials, including 
 many styles of finished harness. The 
 buildings Xos. 6 and S 'Water Street, 
 Newburgh, X. Y., have been known 
 far and wide for many rears by carria.ge 
 and harness manufacturers as the head- 
 quarters for obtaining their supplies. 
 
 WASHINGTON BAKING POW- 
 DER COMPANY. This business was 
 founded liy the present proprietors, 
 Arthur ^M. and George S. Ifeyer, in 
 1SS3, and has been attended with stead- 
 ilyr increasing success. They manufac- 
 ture baking powder and deal in tea and 
 .spices. They make two brands of bak- 
 ing powder — the AVashington brand, 
 with which they give presents, and the 
 Martha AVashington, with \\'hich im 
 presents are given. These are two of 
 the most popular brands in the market. 
 The qualities claimed for them are high 
 grade, absolutely pure, and superior tn 
 any powder made. The label of the 
 Martha AA'ashington brand is said to he 
 the handsomest in the trade. It contains 
 ton, Mount Vernon and AVashington City 
 
 ^m 1 
 
 )( 
 
 :; I. 
 
 . MATliRIALS 
 H H ^ 
 
 ■S ™ ^ 
 
 »^*(t?K.4SSI(fJ>^ 
 
 JOHN G. WILKINSON'S STORE-6 and 8 Water Street, 
 
 and i>ri)Sperous, as the gn 
 
 pictures <:( Martha AVashin,g- 
 and the nn.tto " Perfectly 
 Pure: warranted an 
 extra strength pow- 
 der gotten up on 
 .scientific princi- 
 ples." The AVash- 
 ington label has a 
 very attractive 
 fi>rm, with George 
 Washington's por- 
 trait 111 the center, 
 as a trade-mark. A 
 popular feature in- 
 troduced V) V t h e 
 company is the giv- 
 ing of a liandsoim.' 
 present in crock- 
 cry, glassware, or 
 some other article 
 of value, with each 
 pound of their 
 
 teries making goods for them. The 
 company supplies both retailers and 
 jobbers. They also deal in tea and 
 spices. Their brand of tea is known as 
 the "A Xo. T." Their salesmen (they 
 have nine) co\er Rhode Island, Con- 
 iieetieut, Massachusetts, X^ew Hamp- 
 shire, A'ermont, a part of Maine, Penn- 
 sylvania, X'ew A'ork, X'ew Jersey, 
 Maryland, and a part of A'irginia. 
 
 The company's building is in I-'ront 
 Street and extends to the river. It is 
 about two hundred feet long, sixty feet 
 wide, and three stories high. An eleva- 
 tor connects the three stories. The 
 second and third floors are finished with 
 hard-wood ceilin.gs and sidings. The 
 building is conveniently arranged for 
 the needs of their business, with a large 
 office, Gox22 feet, on the river side, a 
 tea room, sample room, various stock 
 rooms, and .shipping department. They 
 have also facilities for loading under 
 cover. [Since the accompanj-ing engrav- 
 ing was made, the company has moved 
 into a new building adjV)ining the one 
 shown in the picture.] 
 
 The [Messrs. Clever were raised in 
 Initchess County-, and received their 
 earlv business training in Fishkill 
 Landing. In i.SSi they embarked in 
 the grocery business in Xewburgh. In 
 1SS3 they took up the baking powder 
 business also, and finally the\- retired 
 from the grocery trade altogether in 
 order to .give their whole time to the 
 business of the AA'ashington Pjaking 
 Powder Company, which even then had 
 reached large proportions. As business 
 men they are energetic, enterprising 
 th of their trade attests. 
 
 S. WHITAKER 
 
 \\'as born |iih' 27, 
 I ■^43, near 1 Jews- 
 bury, Yorkshire, 
 England. In 1S57 
 he came to Xew- 
 1 lurgh with his 
 father, mother, and 
 brother. At an ear- 
 ly age he learned 
 the trade (.if a wea\'- 
 er and spinner, and 
 for many years 
 \v ■ 1 r k e din t h c 
 \\-oolen mills here. 
 In 1S77 Mr. Whit- 
 aker ]iurchased a 
 VI']] carding ma- 
 chine, and a boiler 
 and engme to run 
 
 Washington brand it, setting them u|) 
 
 ARTHUR M MEYER 
 
 of powder. It is 
 not initisual for the 
 company to order 
 ten c aiT iiail s of 
 glassware at one 
 time, and recently 
 they had three pot- 
 
 in a small frame 
 b u i I d i 11 g at his 
 place on the .South 
 Plank Road. He 
 continued at his 
 regular vocation 
 in the daytime, and 
 
 GEORGE S MEYER. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 315 
 
 in the evenings at home he did custom work for farmers who tM-oUi;hl 
 wool to be carded, preparatory to spinning it on their hand-spinning" 
 wheels at home in making stocking yarn. 
 
 In iSSo Mr. '\"\Tiitaker added machinery for sawing and chopping 
 wood, which was the commencement of his kindling wood business. 
 
 wliiclilias become an important lirancli, as it lias met with a good de- 
 gree of public favor. Mr. Whitaker was one of the organizers and a 
 Trustee of the Second Baptist Church in Washington Street, which 
 was destroyed by fire and never rebuilt. Ho is now connected with 
 the First Baptist Church. lie married Mary L. Cowling, daughter 
 
 
 
 SAMUEL WHITAKER'S FACTORY AND RESIDENCE— West Newburgh. 
 
 He also ran the carding machine till January, 1SS4, when the factory of David CowUng, ..f near Leeds, England, and has four sons and one 
 was destro)-ed bj- fire. The following Spring the present brick fac- daughter, 
 tory was built. Thenceforward !Mr. "Whitaker gave his whole atten- 
 tion to his kindling wood trade. Started in a small way it has Ijecome 
 
 WASHINGTON BAKING POWDER CO,-80 to 84 Front Street, 
 
 SAMUEL WHITAKER. 
 
 very large, and requires the full capacity of the works. In addition to GEORGE PECK wholesale and retail dealer in china, glass and 
 
 kMini^vood he introduced May, 1886, carpet cleaning by machiner)-, plated wares, ^... A\ aler Street. In reviewing the many industries 
 
3i6 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 Ml the City of Xewburgh, it is seldom tluit we find a liusiness liouse 
 whose histui')' dates baek three-quarters cif a euiitury, Init such is tlie 
 record of the long-estabhshed Inisiiiess now conducted by Mr. Peek. 
 The business was originally founded in iSi;, under tlie style of Lott & 
 Chambers, and they were suc- 
 ceeded by the following in the 
 order named: Isaac X. Lock- 
 wood. J. C. C.riggs, Robert 
 Camack, W. II. (".orluini, and 
 George Peek. Mr. Corhani 
 was the brothcr-ni-law of Mr. 
 Peek. The latter succeeded 
 to the business iu the year 
 1S72, and under his able direc- 
 tion the trade of the house has 
 been developed to large pro- 
 pi irtions. The premises occu- 
 pied comprise a three-stor_\- 
 building 20x60 feet in dimen- 
 sions. The salesroom is com- 
 plete in its fittings, furnish- 
 mgs, and arrangements, and 
 the stock is a large, compre- 
 hensive, and attractive one. It 
 embraces imported and do- 
 mestic manufactures in artis- 
 tic pottery, china, glass, plated 
 wares, chandeliers, lamps, 
 cutlery, earthenware, fancy 
 goods, etc. The goods are tif 
 
 extra quality and extremely rich and graceful in design and decla- 
 ration, and of fine finish. Mr. Peck is one of Newburgh's solid bus- 
 iness men, and is a native of Orange County in this State, and an old 
 resident of Newburgh. 
 
 H. C. DUNCAN'S bakery and restaurant, Xo. i Water Street. 
 This business was established by A\'alter Duncan, father of the pres- 
 ent proprietor, about twenty-five years ago, and with a handsome 
 store, perfect management, and large patronage, has always been 
 
 The wdiole second floor of the building is used as the restaurant, and 
 is reached by a Hight of stairs from the middle of the store on the 
 ground floor, \\hich is the retail bakery and confectionery depart- 
 ment. The ovens, workshop anil kitchen are in the basement. It is 
 
 a ver}' complete establish- 
 ment. 
 
 GEORGE PECK'S STORE- 
 
 FRANK S. EAGER, the 
 
 -ccdsnicui of Xo. 3S Water 
 .Street, is a native of New burgh 
 and a descendant of one of 
 the oldest families of this 
 county, being a grandson of 
 the late Samuel W. Eager, the 
 honored historian of Orange 
 County. For the past several 
 years Mr. Eager has made a 
 special study of seeds and how 
 to grow them, and the most 
 careful attention is given the 
 growth of seeds for each com- 
 ing year's stock. The rapid in- 
 crease of business, both whole- 
 sale and retail, proves the fact 
 liat his goods and business 
 methods give satisfaction. Mr. 
 Eager this year published a 
 fine catalogue of valuable in- 
 formation regarding all kinds 
 of seeds and how and when to jjlant them, and his boxes containing 
 new seeds are to l)e found in season with almost every reliable dealer 
 in Orange, Dutchess, Sullivan and Ulster Counties. An excellent as- 
 sortment of small implements for use in field and garden is kept 
 constantly on hand. Mr. Eager is now occupying the entire building. 
 No. 3S Water Street, which owing to the merease of business the 
 present year proves inadequate to the demand, and it is quite prob- 
 
 H. C. DUNCAN S BAKERY AND RESTAURANT— I Watei Street, 
 
 FRANK S EAGER'S STORE— 38 
 
 prominent in the bakery trade. Recently the restaurant department able that a new and much larger building 
 has been developed greatly, and is now the leading one of tlic to\vn. the same site to accommodate the business 
 
 Water Street. 
 
 may soon be erected upon 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 317 
 
 BEDELL & SEYMOUR, dealers in men's furnishing goods at No. 
 77 " ater Street, carry a complete line of full dress goods, and as heavy 
 a stock as any house in this section devoted exclusively to this branch 
 of trade. Those who understand the merits of gentlemen's first class 
 furnishings find here, not only a line of goods that is at all times 
 superior, but also a place where the style, fit and beauty of a garment 
 are matters of careful consideration and study. They have the 
 exclusive sale in Newburgh of many lines of fine goods, and other 
 lines are made expressly for their own trade. Their leading special- 
 ty is the manufacture of perfect-fitting shirts for their own trade. 
 They always have something new and it is always the correct thing. 
 The same consideration is given to all lines of goods. Whatever is 
 newest and best in gentlemen's wear they keep. Their store is 
 handsomely fitted up, and the show windo-w is one of the most attrac- 
 tive along the street. 
 
 In order to more particularly set forth the goods they handle, the 
 
 irder: S///r/s .■ The firm have a repu- 
 
 leading lines will be mentioned in 
 tation for their perfect-fitting 
 custom shirts made special to 
 measure; also for their stock 
 shirts in all grades, laundried 
 and unlaundried, made ^vith 
 different length sleeves, v.hich 
 enables them to fit customers 
 properly. They have also 
 the exclusive sale for 
 Xewburgh of the celebrated 
 ' ' Reliable " goods manufactur- 
 ed by the Brokaw Manufactur- 
 ing Company of Xewburgh. 
 Collars and Cliffs. — They use 
 a large line of Earl & "Wilson's 
 goods, and also have their own 
 special hnes, so that customers 
 are sure of getting the style 
 and the exact thing they want. 
 Xeckiuear. — In this line the 
 firm select their own silks and 
 suggest their own styles, re- 
 inforcing them by novelties 
 from the leading manufactur- 
 ers. Gloves. — A large and well 
 selected stock including Fisk, 
 Clark & Flagg's, Dent's and 
 other popular makes in dress, 
 walking, driving, and coach- 
 ing, at popular prices. Hats. 
 — They have the exclusive sale 
 of Dunlap's silk, stiff and soft 
 hats. In addition they car- 
 ry a full line of medium 
 grades, so as to meet every 
 .demand. ( 'luler'wear. — A 
 large line of all the best 
 
 makes is carried, including all the different grades. This is an im- 
 portant branch that has been carefully studied, and no effort has been 
 spared in obtaining the best. Bedell & Seymour have secured the 
 agency for Xewburgh of the "Jaros Hygienic Wear," embracin.g a 
 full line of underwear for men, women and children, nightwcar, 
 socks, coats, chest protectors, etc. This wear is generally endorsed 
 by most prominent physicians in Europe and America, the United 
 States Army and X'avy, police and fire departments. It cannot Vie 
 surpassed as a protection against changes of temperature. The re- 
 sults in our own city are evidence of the great value of this wool- 
 fleece underwear. The weights are graded to meet the requirements 
 of the different seasons. All articles bear the trade-mark — a figure 
 'if the sun with rays, upon which appears "Jaros' Hygienic Wear." 
 The firm have also secured the exclusive sale of the Harderfold Un- 
 derwear, which is manufactured on a new hygienic principle, provid- 
 ing inter-air space protection, adapted to all climates and all variations 
 
 of temperature. Bedell &- .Seymour arc sole agents for .Scrivcn's 
 patent elastic-seam drawers. These are provi.Ied with an improve- 
 ment consisting of an elastic insertion at the inner and outer seams, 
 which gives elasticity in movement and comfort in fit. The drawers 
 are cut in figure outHnes and afford the wearer all the advantages of 
 knit goods, while retaining the superior comfort of woven fabric. 
 They conform to the position of the wearer, and avoid any strain, no 
 matter what attitude the body assumes. yVyj/^r)'.— They make a 
 specialty of fast black hosiery for men, women and children; they al- 
 so carry a complete line of fancy and plain colors in cotton, balbrig- 
 gan, hsle, silk, merino and wool. Without particularizing further, wc 
 may say that their dei^artments for umbrellas, canes, jewelry, trunks, 
 traveling bags, and rubber goods are very complete. Their new and 
 seasonable goods meet the expectations and desires of the most 
 critical and economical purchaser, being careful selections of the latest 
 styles, consisting of an immense variety in all departments, with every 
 article marked on one uniform scale of low prices, and placing 
 
 the best goods in the trade 
 within the reach of all. The en- 
 terprise and success of this firm 
 were recently illustrated when 
 they enlarged their store by 
 making an extensive addition 
 at the rear, which gives them 
 double the room they former- 
 ly had anil much more li.ght. 
 
 BtDELL & SEYMOUR'S STORE 77 Water Street, 
 
 has established a reputation 
 failing reliabilit\- of his goods 
 
 S.J. LESLIE, fine boots 
 .111(1 slices. X(js. 25 and 27 
 Water .Street. This is one of 
 the oldest shoe stores in 
 the city. The business was 
 conducted i'or many years by 
 .\Ir. Leslie's father, who was 
 i-steemed the foremost mcr- 
 L-liant in the trade in his time. 
 The salesroom is spacious in 
 size and handsomel)' furnish- 
 ed. The stock embraces boots, 
 shoes, rubbers, and slippers 
 of every description for gen- 
 tlemen, ladies, misses, boys, 
 and children, in fine and me- 
 dium goods, every article hav- 
 ing some distinguishing merit. 
 The assortments are always 
 full and complete, displaying 
 all the ccjrrect styles and the 
 freshest novelties. The most 
 popular makes are found in 
 stock. i\Ir. Leslie is a native 
 of Newburgh, and though one 
 of the youngest merchants, 
 r absolute honesty, and for the never- 
 (See illustration on page 31S.) 
 
 IRA CALD'WELL, druggist ami pharmacist. No. 14,8 Broadway, 
 corner Johiist(jn Street. This well known pharmacy was established 
 in 1S78. The laboratory is supplied with all requisite facilities for 
 compounding the most difficult jsrescriptions and remedies; and the 
 stcjck of drugs, medicines, toilet and fancy articles, etc., embraces 
 everything pertaining to a first-class pharmacy. Mr. Caldwell is 
 the manufacturer and proprietor of many noted and valuable rem- 
 edies, among which maybe mentioned " Shake-'Em-Off,"for malaria; 
 " Stillingia and Sarsaparilla," "Dr. Voison's Pile Cure," "Cough 
 Cure," " Magnetic Oil," etc. The house is largely and liberally patron- 
 ized by the surrounding residents. Mr. Caldwell is a practical and 
 skillful ilruggist of many years' experience. (.See illustration, page 31S.) 
 
3'S 
 
 N E W B U R G H . 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 319 
 
 hons 
 
 GEORGE W. SEAMAN, hatter, No, 49 Golden Street. This 
 \vas established in 1S47 by Daniel Case, who was succeeded by 
 
 :Cti' 
 
 RT8EMBL 
 
 if) 
 
 
 SHUART & EMBLER'S STORE— 66 Water Street. 
 
 Case c& Kidd, the style subsequently changing to Kidd & Benjamin, 
 who were in turn succeeded by Andrew Kidd. Mr. Seaman purchased 
 the business in 18S5. He is a native of Ulster County, and 
 learned the straw hat business with Jlr. Kidd. Jlr. Seaman has 
 greath' enlarged the business since he took possession. It 
 consisted of remodeling straw and felt hats for milliners and 
 the transient trade, which he continued exclusively until De- 
 cember, 1S8.S, when he commenced the manufacture of flexible 
 Derbys for his own retail trade, and which he still continues, 
 having learned the trade of stiff-hatting at the Brush hat fac- 
 tory, where he was latterly foreman of the finishing room; in 
 the straw business he does work for the millinery trade of 
 Kingston, Rondout, Walden, AVallkill, Middletown and Go- 
 shen. He receives the new styles in blocks for flexible and 
 stiff hats as soon as they are issued, and. being a practical 
 hatter, is enabled to select only such soft hats and caps when 
 buying them from the factories or jobbers that he knows 
 will give both his customers and himself satisfaction, which 
 his fast increasing business gives him reason to think is the 
 case. He occupies a nice store, with shop in the rear, employing 
 from four to eight expert assistants, and carries constantly on 
 hand a large and fine assortment of stiff, soft, and flexible 
 hats in popular styles and colors, also straw goods of all kinds 
 in season. Derbys are made to order in the latest styles at short 
 notice, the lowest consistent prices prevailing in every instance. 
 
 ss>s 
 
 EMBLER, dry goods. Thi: 
 
 Shuart and Frank H. Embler. They occupy the basement and two 
 floors of the building No. 66 Water Street. The premises are divided 
 into appropriate departments, and the spacious salesrooms are 
 metropolitan in all their appointments. In the basement are depart- 
 ments for house-keeping and domestic goods of all kinds, and flannel 
 underwear; on the first floor are departments for silks and dress 
 goods generally, ladies' and gentlemen's furnishings of every descrij)- 
 tion, hosiery, gloves, underwear, embroideries, ribbons, and an 
 endless varict)- of those innumerable articles styled in the trade as 
 notions; on the third floor are cloaks, laces, shawls and water- 
 proofs. The stock is large, comprehensive and diversified. 
 Shuart & Emljler enjoy the highest reputation as sound and able 
 business men. Mr. Shuart was born at Little Britain, and was em- 
 ployed by the dry goods firm of Schoonmaker, Mills & Weller for 
 seventeen years. He is a Director of the Young Men's Christian As- 
 sociation and Clerk of the Board of Trustees of Union Presbyterian 
 Church. Mr. Embler was born near Washington Lake, and was with 
 Schoonmaker. Jlills &• Weller sixteen )'ears. 
 
 GEORGE BARNES, groceries, provisions, etc.. No. 47 Lander 
 Street. This gentleman founded his enterprise twenty-two years ago, 
 and has since the inception of the business had an excellent class of 
 trade come to his counters. The store occupied is neat in its ap- 
 pointments, has every convenience for the prosecution of the business, 
 and is filled with an excellent stock of staple and fancy grrjceries, 
 also a full line of provisions, fruits, vegetables, and notions. The 
 stock is always kept up to the highest standard of efficiency by 
 the frequent receipt of invoices of new goods, and everj^thing sold is 
 guaranteed to be fresh, pure, and exactly as represented. Mr. Barnes, 
 who was born in Orange County, has resided in Newburgh for the 
 past twenty-six years, and is highly esteemed as a good citizen. 
 
 ROBERT HALL GORRIE was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, 
 January 10, 1S60, and at an early age came to Canada with his pa- 
 rents and settled at Toronto. There he atttendcd school, and learned 
 his trade of jeweler and watchmaker. Then, desiring to perfect him- 
 self in his calling, he obtained a position with the Howard Watch and 
 Clock Co., of New York, leaving his parents in Toronto, where they 
 still reside. This being a large and reputable concern, afforded him 
 special facilities for acquiring a comprehensive knowledge of his 
 trade. In September of the year 1S82 Mr. Gorrie came to Newburgh, 
 having in view establishing a business, and a few years ago he opened 
 
 SHUART 
 
 tablished in Septembc 
 
 firm was cs- 
 188S, and is composed of Charles H. 
 
 J. EGAN i MILK AND CREAM DEPOT — 224 First Street 
 
NEW BURGH. 
 
 a small store at No. 50 Coldeu Street. Hi=^ business manav;'cmcnt lias 
 been rewarded by a steady growth from year U • year, and new quarters 
 becominjT^ necessary, liein May, 1S91, rented the handsome storr at 
 
 DIVERSITY OF EMPLOYMENTS. 
 
 R. H GORRIES bTORe - 7 :f Water Street 
 
 the southwest corner of Water and Third Streets, whieh is situated 
 in the center of the business district. The store in Coldcn Street has 
 been continued as a branch. Mr. (iorrie carries a large and varied 
 stock of fine -watches, diamonds, jewelry, silverware and clocks, and 
 has a department in which repairs are made in a workmanlike man- 
 ner. He is a Director of the Young Men's Christian Association. 
 ^Ir. Gorrie married September 5, iSSS, FannyG., daughter of Clarkson 
 T. Gerow, of Plattekill, X. Y., a lady who was prominent in educa- 
 tional work as teacher of the K grade, in the Newburgh Academy. 
 
 GEORGE R. MITCHELL carries on a large business as plumber 
 and tinsmith and dealei- m stoves, tinware and household suj^plies, at 
 No. 73 Second Street. He occupies the whole building, which was 
 recently enlarged and remodeled for his oceupation. The salesroom 
 on the first floor is handsomely fitted up. In the rear is a large work- 
 shop. An elevator connects the three floors of the building. The 
 front part of the second floor contains a large stock of stoves, and the 
 back part is used for supplies and fittings connected with the plumb- 
 ing branch of the business. Mr. Mitchell has the exclusive sale in tliis 
 city for Graff & Co. 's celebrated hot-air furnaces, ranges and fireplace- 
 heaters, which include a large variety. He handles also various other 
 kinds of stoves, and deals in all kinds of fixtures connected with heat- 
 ing and plumbing. Mr. Mitchell employs twelve hands in his business, 
 most of them expert plumbers or tinsmiths. Splendid specimens of 
 plumbing can be seen in the store, set up and at w<jrk under pressure. 
 Mr. Mitchell did the plumbing work in the Inij^crial Flats, at the 
 Home for the Friendless, and in many of the recently-built city dwell- 
 ings of the first class. He has a reputation for doing good work. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell was born in Islij), L. L, in 1S59, and has lived in New- 
 burgh for twenty years. He learned his trade with J. 1 ). Mabie, and 
 started in business for himself in j^Rf), opening a small sliop in Smith 
 Street. He has been very successful in his business, as his present 
 large establishment shows. He is a Trustee of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church, and a member of Hudson River Lodge, F. ^ A. M. 
 He married Anna E. Campbell, of Newbnrgli, and has one son. 
 
 \Krii.'iilltiral iiiipk-im.-nls, iK-alurs. 
 NnliiU'Lls 
 
 Auctiim ;ind LnnimissiMn 
 
 Awnin>^ and tuntmanufautuiLT 
 
 KakLTS 
 
 I'.akinK' ju'W'fkT manufacturers 
 
 I'.anks 
 
 I'icycles 
 
 iiilliard iind p<i<>\ ri"n"nns 
 
 liird store 
 
 I'dacksmiths 
 
 Illanket manufacturers 
 
 P.leachers 
 
 Hoarding houses 
 
 I'.oilermakers, steam 
 
 liookbinderies 
 
 I'.'ioksellers and stationers.... 
 
 Ill tot and shoe dealers 
 
 Hoot and shoe makers 
 
 Bottlers 
 
 Howling iilley;'. 
 
 linx manufactory, paper 
 
 Hrass founders and finishers. . 
 
 Breweries 
 
 B.rush manufactory 
 
 liuilders, carpenters 
 
 Builders, masons 
 
 Butchers' markets 
 
 Cabinetmakers 
 
 Carpet cleaning works 
 
 Carpet and rug manufacturers 
 Carpets, oilchjths, etc., dealers 
 Carriage, sleigh, wagon makers 
 
 Carriage painters 
 
 Carriage repositories 
 
 Carriage trimmers 
 
 Carriage, saddlery hardware . 
 
 Churches 
 
 <; rockery and glassware 
 
 Cider refiners 
 
 Cigars and tobacco, mfrs only 8 
 
 Civil engineers and surveyors 1 
 
 Clothiers and tailors 35 
 
 Coal yards 7 
 
 Cold storage 
 
 Combplate and machine works . . . 
 
 Commission merchants 
 
 Confcctif>nery manufacturers 
 
 Cooper 
 
 Cotton factory 
 
 Curers and smokers of hams 
 
 Dentists 
 
 Dining rooms and restaurants .... 
 
 Directory publishers 
 
 Double turbine water-wheels 
 
 Drain and sewer pipe 2 
 
 Dressed beef, wholesale 4 
 
 Dressmakers 130 
 
 Druggists 20 
 
 Dry goods 22 
 
 Dumbwaiters manufacturer i 
 
 Electrical goods 
 
 Electric light companies 
 
 Electric motor manufactory. 
 
 Employment ofifices 
 
 Engraver 
 
 Express companies 
 
 Fish and oysters 
 
 Flannel goods manufact'iry . 
 
 Florists 
 
 Flour, feed and grain 
 
 Flour mills 
 
 Forwarders 
 
 Furniture manufactories. . . . 
 
 Furniture stores 
 
 Gas companies 
 
 Gas and steam fitters 
 
 Glue stock and neats foot <"iil 
 Grocers, wholesale 
 
 SANITARY PLUMBING 
 
 JSTOVES& HEATERS 
 
 
 '. " v-\- /- __-.i— .-j^-V 
 
 L-vl 
 
 GEORGE R MITCHELL'S STORE-73 Second Stree 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 321 
 
 Grocers, retail i^g 
 
 Guns and locksmiths 2 
 
 Hairdressers ^3 
 
 Harbor towing i 
 
 Hardware and cutlery q 
 
 Harnessmakers 5 
 
 Hat manufacturers 3 
 
 Hatters and furriers 10 
 
 Hides and skins 2 
 
 Horseshoers 11 
 
 Hotels 15 
 
 Hotel and saloon fixtures i 
 
 Ice cream manufacturers 5 
 
 Ice dealers 2 
 
 Ice machine manufactory i 
 
 Ice manufactory i 
 
 Ink manufacturer i 
 
 Insurance agents 21 
 
 Iron foundries 5 
 
 Junk dealers 10 
 
 Kindling wood 3 
 
 Laundries S 
 
 Lawn-mower manufactories 2 
 
 Lawyers 30 
 
 Leather and findings 3 
 
 Libraries 
 
 Lime works i 
 
 Lime, plaster and cement dealers. 2 
 
 Liquor dealers and saloons 162 
 
 Livery, sale and boarding stables, 19 
 
 Locksmiths 2 
 
 Lumber dealers 7 
 
 Marine railway i 
 
 Machine shops 6 
 
 Manufactories and incorporated 
 
 companies (estimated) 70 
 
 Men's furnishing goods 15 
 
 Milk depots 18 
 
 Milliners 6 
 
 ]\Iineral water manufacturers 4 
 
 Model maker i 
 
 Monuments 4 
 
 Moulding and planing mills 3 
 
 Music and musical instruments ... 6 
 
 Music teachers 30 
 
 Newsdealers s 
 
 Newspapers 7 
 
 Oar manufacturer 1 
 
 Oil-cluth factory i 
 
 Oil company i 
 
 Overalls and pantaloons manu- 
 factories 2 
 
 Paint manufactory i 
 
 Paints, oils and glass dealers 8 
 
 Paper mills 2 
 
 Photographers 7 
 
 Physicians 35 
 
 Piano tuners 4 
 
 Picture-frame manufacturers 4 
 
 Planing mills 3 
 
 Plaster works i 
 
 Plumbers 14 
 
 Powder dealers j 
 
 Powder manufactory i 
 
 Printers fc: 
 
 Public sheds 3 
 
 Public schools 7 
 
 Reed furniture factory i 
 
 Real estate agents 18 
 
 Roofers 5 
 
 Root beer manufacturers 2 
 
 Sailmaker i 
 
 Sash, blinds and doors 5 
 
 Sculptors 2 
 
 Sewing-machines and supplies. ... 4 
 
 Silversmiths 3 
 
 Skate manufacturers 2 
 
 Shipbuilding works i 
 
 Slate roofers 1 
 
 Soap manufacturers 4 
 
 Spice mills i 
 
 Stair builders 2 
 
 Steam engine works 4 
 
 Steam heating 1 
 
 Stone dealers and cutters 8 
 
 Stoves, tinware and tinsmiths .... 12 
 
 Telegraph companies 2 
 
 Truckmen 71 
 
 Turners, wood 2 
 
 Umbrella and parasol ni'facturers 2 
 
 Undertakers 7 
 
 Upholsterers 10 
 
 Variety stores 10 
 
 Veterinary surgeons 5 
 
 Washing machines i 
 
 Watchmakers and jewelers 12 
 
 Wine manufacturers 2 
 
 Wire works i 
 
 Wool dealers 2 
 
 Woolen mills 3 
 
 AN OLD LANDMARK— On First Street between Grand and Liberty Streets. 
 
 This row of houses was built in 1836. The orij^aiial owners and 
 occupants were, beginning [at the left hand side] at the corner of 
 First and Liberty Streets, Samuel G. Sneeden. Benjamin V. Buck- 
 ingham, General James G. Clinton. Rev. John Brown, ]). U., and 
 William M. Wiley. The present owners and occupants arc: The 
 Sneeden house by the McGahey family since 1849; the Bucking- 
 ham house by the family of William L. F. Warren since 1856; the 
 Clinton house by the family of Dr. N. Deyo since 184S; Dr. Brown's 
 house by his family from the time of its completion until seven years 
 
 ago; the Wiley house by the family of (icorge W. Kerr since 1866. 
 Before the ground extending from the rear of the Associate Reformed 
 Church to Liberty Street was occupied by houses, the plot was owned 
 and use.l by Dr. Brown as a garden, his residence then being in an- 
 other part of the street. At the time of their erection these houses 
 were considered much above the average in cost and elegance, and 
 for this reason, combined with the high social standing of the original 
 occupants, the buildings were known throughout the village as 
 " (Quality Row, " a designation which stillhngers among our old families. 
 
IN LEISURE HOURS. 
 
 Newburgh's Record in Out-Door Athletics— Rowing, Skating, 
 
 Yachting and Base Ball. 
 
 F late years a decided interest in athletic sports has de- 
 veloped among the people of Newburgh, after a period 
 of apparent indifference to such pastimes. Years ago 
 our town filled a prominent place in the world of 
 sports. Newburgh and the immediate vicinity have 
 produced many "champions," both among men and 
 animals. We have produced champion oarsmen, skat- 
 ers, marksmen, pugilists, and trotters; we have had famous yachts, 
 steamboats, iceboats and base ball clubs. 
 
 ROWING. 
 
 In all civilized countries, for a long period, boat-puUing was 
 merely a means of living to those who rowed people for pleasure, 
 ferried them across rivers, or transported goods. In 1830 there was 
 no boat club in the United States of more than a local reputation. 
 About that period an interest in boat-racing was developed among 
 the fishermen and boatmen of Newburgh Bay. These contests be- 
 came of frequent occurrence in succeeding years, but, as they were 
 rowed in the ordinary heavy working boats, or skiffs, of that day, 
 they at first attracted no particular notice. At length boats were 
 built expressly for racing, regular crews were trained therefor, and the 
 sport became popular. Several clubs were formed, and then, through 
 the efforts of Captain Henry Robinson, an association was regularly 
 organized in 1837, first designated the Newburgh Regatta Associa- 
 tion, and subsequently the Newburgh Amateur Boat Club Associa- 
 tion. Captain Charles Ludlow was president, Judge John J. Monell 
 secretary, and many of the leading citizens of the town were con- 
 nected with it. Elaborate preparations were made for their first re- 
 gatta, which was held June 27, 1837. Three years previously (1834) 
 an association of boat clubs had been formed in New York; it was 
 the first organization of the kind in the United States, and was des- 
 ignated the " Castle Garden Amateur Boat Club Association." They 
 had held three regattas, in which only local boats were entered. This 
 association sent six boats to Newburgh, namely, the Gazelle, scarlet 
 boat, red and white dress; Gull, blue boat, blue and white dress; 
 Wave, black boat, gilt stripe, blue and white caps; Halcyon, green 
 boat, green and white dress; Minerva, straw color boat, red stripe, 
 red and white dress; Pearl, white boat, gilt stripe, blue and white 
 check dress. There were four oarsmen and a coxswain in each boat. 
 The Wave was the fastest boat in New York Harbor. The Rollins 
 brothers, who formed a portion of her crew, had great reputation in 
 New York as skillful and enduring rowers. The Gull, a beautiful 
 barge, was the first boat ever rowed to Philadelphia. The New- 
 burgh Association entered the Highland Wave, black boat, white 
 dress; and the Corsair, black boat, green and white dress and caps. 
 The Wave came in first, the Gull second, the Corsair third and the 
 Highland Wave fourth. The Washington, of Poughkeepsie, started 
 with them, but was ruled out for not turning the lower stake-boat. 
 A reception was given at the Orange Hotel by the ladies of New- 
 burgh to the visiting clubs, when the prizes were awarded and 
 speeches delivered by Judge Monell and others. The West Point 
 Band furnished music. A number of excursion boats came to New- 
 [322] 
 
 burgh that day. Accounts of the race were published in the princi- 
 pal papers of the land, and it was the first regatta in this country 
 to claim general public interest. An editor came all the way from 
 Boston to attend, which was considered a remarkable feat of jour- 
 nalistic enterprise in those days, when steamboats were in their 
 infancy and railroads and the telegraph practically unknown. 
 Through the success and fame of this regatta, boat-racing became 
 popular, and many clubs were organized along the Hudson and in 
 seaport cities. 
 
 The regatta of 1838 was for the benefit of the Newburgh Library 
 Association, and was restricted to Newburgh boats. The contest- 
 ants were: The Galatea, Highland Wave, Corsair, and Scylla; they 
 finished in the order named. The prizes were awarded at a banquet 
 at the Orange Hotel, as was the custom for years afterwards, and 
 sometimes there was a ball, attended by the best people of the town. 
 
 In the regatta of 1839 there were prizes (silver cups) for four- 
 oared and six-oared boats. The contestants were the Scylla, Galatea 
 and Corsair, of the Newburgh Association; Washington, of the Po'- 
 keepsie Club; Wave, Gazelle, and Ariel, of the Castle Garden Associa- 
 tion; Edwin Forrest, Daniel D. Tompkins, and Spark, of the Independ- 
 ent Association, of New York. 
 
 The annual regatta of 1S41 was termed " the most splendid aquat- 
 ic pageant ever witnessed m America." The regatta was arranged 
 under the auspices of the Newburgh Amateur Boat Club Association, 
 and by the indefatigable exertions and liberality of Captain Henry 
 Robinson. It was free to all six and four-oared boats; and prizes to 
 the amount of $550 in gold were ofliered. The course was diamond- 
 shaped. The umpires were Captains Rogers and Cobb, of New York; 
 William H. Denning, of Fishkill; Thomas Chrystie, of New Wind- 
 sor, and Captains Belknap and Reeve, of Newburgh; Thomas Powell, 
 referee. At an early hour crowds began to assemble from the coun- 
 ties on both sides of the LIudson. The Osceola, Troy, Albany, High- 
 lander, Emerald, Gazelle, Telegraph and other steamers, and sail- 
 ing craft of every description, arrived loaded to the water's edge 
 with passengers. The night previous the hotels were filled with visit- 
 ors from a distance. So great a concourse of strangers never before 
 assembled in Newburgh. The roofs of dwellings and storehouses 
 and the wharves were covered with people. The bay was dotted 
 with crowded steamboats on which were fine bands of music, sloops, 
 schooners, and vessels of every size and rig, beautifully decorated 
 with flags, and a multitude of club boats and barges. In the six- 
 oared race the starters were: Washington, Poughkeepsie; Ann, Peeks- 
 kill; New Jersey, Jersey City; Galatea, Newburgh; Dutchess, Hyde 
 Park; Eagle and Spark, of New York; Scylla, Newburgh. The dis- 
 tance was two miles and repeat. The New York Herald saii, "never 
 was a more exciting scene, or a more manful contest of strength 
 and skill." The race was rowed in heats as was the custom in those 
 days. The Dutchess won, Spark second, Galatea third, Scylla 
 fourth, Washington fifth, Eagle sixth. Best time, 16:07. In the 
 four-oared race the boats finished as follows: Thomas Jefferson, 
 New York; Ann, Peekskill; Duane, lone. Water Witch, and John C. 
 Stevens, New York; Gondola, Newburgh. Time, 16:40. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 323 
 
 The annual regatta of August 31, 1S42, is noted in the annals of 
 rowing as the hnest and biggest regatta that had ever been held 
 in the country. There were many thousand strangers here, and many 
 excursion boats. There were three races for six-oared, four-oared 
 and double scull boats, and forty-six starters. The distance was three 
 miles and a quarter. The six-oared race was won by the New Jersey , 
 of Jersey City; Galatea, of Newburgh, second; Dutchess, of Hyde 
 Park, third; Eagle, of New York, fourth. Time 20:35. The Galatea 
 was manned in this race by John Baird and Mai-tin Lyon, of Peekskilb 
 Archibald Dalj', of Newburgh, Abram Bowen, of Cold Spring, Wil- 
 liam Doherty, Williams Hawkins, of Newburgh; Frank Gerard, of 
 Newburgh, coxswain. The Galatea was built by Shemburgh, of New 
 York, and owned by Captain Robinson. In the four-oared race the 
 George AVashington, of New York, won; Duane, of New York, second; 
 Henry Robinson, of Newburgh, third; Morgan S. Farnam, of New- 
 burgh, fourth. Time 23:19. The Robinson was manned by Jarnes 
 Moshier, John Moshier. 
 John Ward, Charles F. 
 June, and George June, 
 coxswain, all of New- 
 burgh. The Farnam 
 was built by Chambers, 
 of New York, and man- 
 ned by R. S. Hunt, John 
 Stewart, William Mc- 
 Turk, W. H. Hawkins, 
 and J. R. Sayres, cox- 
 swain. The double scull 
 race was won by the 
 CroUus, of New York, 
 rowed by T. and J. 
 TenEyck. 
 
 July 4, 1842, the Gal- 
 atea, of Newburgh, 
 won the six-oared race 
 at Castle Garden. Other 
 oarsmen of that day 
 were Thomas C. Ring, 
 William Lisle, Frank 
 Gerard, Enoch Carter, 
 William RandaU and 
 Moses Kimball. In 1838 
 a match race for $1 ,000 
 between the Washing- 
 ton, of Poughkeepsie, 
 and the Disowned, of 
 Jersey City, was rowed 
 in Buttermilk Channel, 
 and won by the Dis- 
 owned, of which Charles 
 F. June, of Newburgh, 
 was coxswain. He was 
 once coxswain for the 
 Atalanta crew, of New 
 York, when they won a 
 race in Newburgh Bay 
 
 their average weight 350 
 
 JAMES A DONOGHUE 
 
 Other occasions 
 
 when a lad he 
 
 and on 
 steered the fast boats of the time. 
 
 The boat-houses of the Scylla and Highland Wave were at the 
 foot of South Street, that of the Henry Robinson at Wells' dock at 
 the foot of Broadway; the Corsair, Galatea and White Lady at the ship- 
 yard, and the James G. Clinton, owned by the Messrs. Shaw, at the 
 Old Red Storehouse, at the South End. The first races in New- 
 burgh Bay were rowed in ordinary skiffs and wherries, but not long 
 before the organization of the association craft had been built ex- 
 pressly for speed, but even they were far larger and heavier than 
 racing craft of the present day, when four men, weighing 150 to 160 
 pounds each, use a shell of only 17 inches beam, 41 feet in length and 
 weighing only 9 pounds. The four-oared boats of 1837 were from 26 
 to 31 feet in length, nearly four feet wide and weighed from 200 
 to 260 pounds. Six-oared boats were from 35 to 41 feet in length. 
 
 between four and five feet in width, and 
 pounds. Outriggers were then unknown. 
 
 After 1842 rowing lost much of its popularity. The principal cause 
 was that the races had assumed a professional character; expert oars- 
 men, usually fishermen, were hired by clubs to row their boats, so 
 that the boats lost their representative character, and public interest 
 declined. The Newburgh Association, and all the old clubs, went out 
 of existence, and there were no regattas of any kind for a long peri- 
 od. In 1852 the first college regatta occurred at Lake Winnepiseogee, 
 N. H., and in 1854 the first of the Boston City regattas was held on 
 the Charles River course, and public interest in the sport began to 
 revive. In 1856 the Newburgh Association was re-organized, and 
 soon resumed its old place as the "head-quarters for rowing in the 
 United States." The first regatta was held July 4, 1856. 
 
 The following were the umpires: In the starting boat. Captain 
 T. C. Ring, Captain T. S. Marvel, Franklin Gerard; in the stake- 
 boat, J. H. H. Chap- 
 man, M. C. Smith; in 
 the second stake-boat, 
 J. K. Lawson, Charles 
 Halstead, jr.; in the 
 third stake-boat, J. T. 
 Hamilton, Robert 
 Baughan. The Secre- 
 tary of the Association 
 was Isaac Wood, jr. 
 First race for four-oared 
 boats, $100 in prizes — 
 $65 to the first, $25 to 
 the second, $10 to the 
 third. Distance three 
 miles. Witch of the 
 Wave, Cold Spring; 
 William Terboss, of 
 New York, rowed by 
 Lynch, Mattison, Wood 
 and Burns; Jacob 
 Swartzer, of New York, 
 rowed by Leary, Val- 
 lerie, O'Neil and Coiik- 
 lin; Whitehall, New 
 York. The Terboss won 
 in 27 minutes. Second 
 race, for all two-pair 
 scull boats not exceed- 
 ing 26 feet in length, 
 $50 to first, $25 to sec- 
 ond, $10 to third. 
 Enoch Carter, rowed by 
 Teneyck and Ferguson, 
 of Peekskill; the T. C. 
 Ring, by Decker and 
 Collins, of New York; 
 the William Lisle, row- 
 ed by Charles F. June 
 and R. Rodgers; the George W. Shaw, rowed by E. Hubbard, jr., 
 and H. Ward; Samuel Roach, rowed by Hancon and Moshier; John 
 Blizard, rowed by James Moshier and Charles MacLaren. The Car- 
 ter won in 30 minutes, the Ring second, and the Shaw third. The 
 (Jale, rowed by Arthur Meginn, of Newburgh, w^on the single scull 
 
 race. 
 
 The regatta of the Fourth of July, 1857, was notable as the occa- 
 sion of the debut of WiUiam H. and Joshua Ward. The entries in 
 the four-oared race were the Experiment, of New York (the first 
 regular shell ever built in the United States), the Alida, of New 
 York, the B. B. Odell, the I. Wood, jr., and the Frank G. Wood, of 
 Newburgh, and the Ripple, of Haverstraw. The Experiment won, 
 the F. G. Wood a good second. Double scull race: the H. C. Bayley, 
 „i New York, first; J. C. Gazely, of Newburgh, second; the Enoch 
 Carter, third. The Gazely was rowed by George and Charles B. Shaw. 
 
 JOSEPH F. DONOGHUE. 
 
324 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 Third race, single scull boats, won by T. Daw, of New York; Arthur 
 Meginn, of Newburgh, second, in the Gale. Fourth race, double 
 sculls, for Newburgh boats only; starters— the G. W. Shaw, the 
 
 E. Carter, the T. C. Ring, and the Fanny Fern. The Fanny Fern 
 won, rowed by Josh and Hank Ward; the T. C. Ring, second, rowed 
 by George and Charles B. Shaw. It was a close race from start to 
 finish, the Wards winning only by " a dip or two." 
 
 In those days the crews were known by the names of their boats, 
 and seldom did the press give the names of the oarsmen. The boat 
 was seemingly considered of more importance than the oarsmen, and 
 the prizes were awarded to the owners of the boats. There was great 
 rivalry between boat-builders. At this period the Shaws were the 
 principal builders here. Timothy Donoghue built the F. G. Wood, 
 and afterward became celebrated as a builder. 
 
 The regatta of 1858 was another great event. There were a score 
 of excursion boats in the bay, and thousands of strangers in the city. 
 Newburgh oarsmen won all four races. In the four-oared race the 
 
 F. G. Wood beat the Dan Bryant and Experiment, of New York. 
 The Wood was rowed by T. Donoghue, W. Tuthill, A. Sheffield and 
 Peter Hunt. The race for fishing skiffs (four boats entered) was won 
 by the Sarvis brothers, of Newburgh. Third race, double sculls; 
 starters — the J. C. Gazely, of Newburgh, the Rappahannock, of New 
 York, and the T. C. Ring, of Newburgh. The Gazely won, rowed by 
 Josh. Ward and George W. Shaw. Time, 44 m. The fourth race, 
 for single sculls, was won by John Hancon; Dillon, of New York, 
 second. Regatta Committee — Captain Robinson, T. C. Ring, F. 
 Gerard, I. Wood, jr., J. H. H. Chapman, Enoch Carter, William Lisle, 
 Ezra Farrington. 
 
 1858, August 9, at Staten Island, first race, double sculls, won by 
 the J. C. Gazely (George Shaw and Josh. Ward.) Second race, single 
 sculls. Fay of Brooklyn, first; Hancon of Newburgh, second; Daw of 
 New York, third; Burns, fourth. Third race, four-oars, the Dan 
 Bryant won, defeating the George J. Brown and Experiment, of New 
 York, and the F. G. Wood, of Newburgh. 
 
 1858, August 27, Springfield regatta, first race, four-oars, F. G. 
 Wood, of Newburgh, first; Dan Bryant, of New York, second; Bonita, 
 of New London; Pride of Boston, of Boston. 
 
 1858, September 15, at Newburgh, Josh Ward vs. John Hancon; 
 Ward's first single scull match; distance two miles, won by Ward by 
 two lengths. Time 16:07. 
 
 In the four-oared race of July 4, 1859, at Newburgh, the F. G. 
 Wood won, defeating the Dan Bryant and the George J. Brown, of 
 New York, and the John D. Kelly, of Newburgh. The Wood was 
 rowed by T. Donoghue, B. Marvel, Peter Hunt and William Tuthill. 
 John Hancon won the single scull race. 
 
 These were the first of a long series of races and regattas in 
 which Newburgh oarsmen participated. From the oarsmen which 
 the contests at Newburgh Bay developed sprang in a great measure 
 all the principal contests which occurred in this country for years af- 
 terwards. There was at that period no marked distinction between 
 amateurs and professionals. It was the custom to offer small money 
 prizes at nearly all regattas. We cannot attempt to note all the 
 races. 
 
 At this time, and in fact for a long time afterward, John Hancon 
 ranked high as an excellent oarsmen. He learned the trade of boat- 
 builder and oar-maker with the Shaws in Newburgh, but afterwards 
 moved to Cornwall, where he still resides. August 4, 1859, at Lake 
 Quinsigamond, Worcester, he defeated T. F. Doyle, champion of 
 Boston; T. Daw, champion of New York; and A. Fay of Brooklyn. 
 On the 15th of the same month he defeated Fay and Burns at Staten 
 Island. On the same day and place there was a championshii^ race 
 for four-oared crews. The entries were the Dan Bryant (now of New- 
 burgh), and the William Lisle, of Newburgh; the George J. Brown, of 
 New York, and three other crews. The Bryant came in first, the 
 Brown second. The Bryant was rowed by Josh, and Hank Ward, 
 George W. Shaw and Oscar Teed. The Lisle, rowed by T. Donoghue, 
 A. Shafl^er, W. Tuthill and Peter Hunt, was ahead at the stakeboat, 
 but met with an accident and withdrew. 
 
 September 12, 1859, ^ match race for a thousand dollars was rowed 
 on the Harlem River between the Bryant crew and the George J. 
 
 Brown crew, of New York. The Bryant crew were Josh, and Hank 
 Ward, O. Teed and G. W. Shaw. The Brown crew were W. H. 
 Dexter, D. Leary, W. Boggs and P. O'Brien. The crews fouled each 
 other, and the race was declared a draw. On the 29th of the same 
 month Shaw and Ward won the double-sculling race at Albany, and 
 John Hancon the single sculUng race. 
 
 Hancon's many victories aroused a controversy as to who was the 
 champion sculler of America, and to settle this question a champion- 
 ship belt was designed and made by Tiffany & Co., of New York, 
 and a championship race arranged for Tuesday, October 11, 1859, at 
 Staten Island. The competitors were Ward, Hancon, Daw and Fay. 
 Ward rowed in the Major Morton, built by Timothy Donoghue (at 
 the expense of Benjamin B. Odell). Ward took the lead early in the 
 race, turned the two-and-one-half mile stake-boat thirteen seconds 
 ahead of Fay, and came home in the remarkable time of thirty-five 
 minutes and ten seconds. This time has never been equaled by any 
 oarsman in the world. The course was full five miles, regularly sur- 
 veyed by the U. S. Revenue Cutter, Harriet Lane, expressly for this 
 race. A month later Ward defeated the same oarsmen at Boston. 
 
 Joshua Ward was born in the Town of Newburgh May 11, 1838, 
 and during the early part of his racing career Uved at " Mud Hole," 
 north of the city limits. Thence he moved to the neighboring village 
 of Cornwall, where he now resides. The Ward family of oarsmen 
 are descended from William Ward, who was a resident of Newburgh 
 as early as 1726. 
 
 Another red-letter day in the history of Newburgh oarsmen was 
 July 25, i860, at Lake Quinsigamond. Josh. Ward won the single 
 scull race in the Oscar Teed; Walter Brown and Charles F. June 
 won the double-scull race, and the Gersh Banker the six and four- 
 oared race. In the latter race the six-oared boats made an allowance 
 of 30 seconds to the four-oared boats. The Banker was a six-oared 
 boat built by Thomas Shaw & Sons. It was rowed by Joshua Ward, 
 stroke, George W. Shaw, Benjamin Marvel, Wilham Tuthill, Charles 
 Sarvis and Peter Hunt, all of Newburgh. Several college crews 
 entered for this race. The Brown college crew had just received a 
 new boat built by Timothy Donoghue, but because of an accident to 
 the boat just before the race they did not start. The Banker covered 
 the three miles in 18:37, the fastest time then on record; Yale 
 second; Union, of Boston, third; Quickstep, of Boston, fourth. In 
 their race Brown and June defeated Doyle and Colbert, the champion 
 crew of Boston, and others. They won by more than two minutes in 
 the three miles. They rowed in a new boat called the Noddle, by 
 special request of the builder, Valerie, of Boston. It was built for 
 Doyle and Colbert to row in, but they condemned it. The victory of 
 the Noddle elated the Boston builder. He refused a large price for 
 the boat, and put it on exhibition in a Boston hotel. 
 
 In September, i860, at Poughkeepsie, Timothy Donoghue and 
 Walter Brown, of Newburgh, won the double-scull race, five miles, 
 36: 15, defeating among others Gilbert Ward and John Hancon. 
 
 October 4, 1864, at Newburgh, Joshua and Gilbert Ward, T. 
 Donoghue and Charles Sarvis, rowing in the F. G. Wood, defeated 
 the Stranger crew, of Poughkeepsie. 
 
 Joshua Ward held the sculling championship, defeating all comers, 
 till August 13, 1864, when James Hamill, of Pittsburgh, wrested it 
 from him on the Schuylkill, and the next day defeated Ward again, 
 but in less than a year Ward won it back at Poughkeepsie. In Sep- 
 tember, 1863, Hamill won the championship again from Ward at 
 Poughkeepsie, and on July ig, 1864, in Pittsburgh, again defeated 
 Ward. 
 
 Walter Brown was the next to challenge for the belt. He was 
 then living at Portland, Maine. He was born on the upper Hudson, 
 in 1840, but came to Newburgh when four years old. He attended 
 school till the Autumn of 1S56, and then was apprenticed to John D. 
 Kelly, to learn the carpenter trade, and afterwards worked for the 
 Shaws. This brought him in contact with George W. Shaw and 
 Timothy Donoghue, to whom Brown expressed himself indebted 
 for the principles of rowing. About 1864 he moved to Portland 
 and engaged in boat-building. In 1866 he defeated Joshua Ward 
 twice — fir.st in July at a regatta at Worcester, and next in September 
 in a match race at Portland; but the next week Ward defeated Brown 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 325 
 
 at Springfield. Brown then challenged any sculler in the country, 
 and Hamill accepted. May 21, 1867, Brown won the championship 
 at Pittsburgh. Hamill thereupon challenged Brown to race at New- 
 burgh, September 6. On that day thousands of people flocked here 
 from all parts. The city police were reinforced by a large number of 
 officers from New York. The New York " rough " was in the ascend- 
 ancy. 
 
 "Rich and rare were the oaths he swore, 
 And the Kohinoor in his shirt he wore." 
 
 Because of rough water the race was not started till 6.30 a. m., 
 Monday, September 9. Hamill led for a mile, when Brown passed 
 him, and led by a length or two, but held the lead only for a short 
 distance. Near the stakeboat Hamill was three lengths ahead; for 
 some unknown reason he stopped at the stakeboat, and Brown ran 
 mto him, knocking a hole in Hamill's boat. The referee, Stephen Rob- 
 erts, of New York, gave the race to Hamill. 
 
 In 1865, at New York, Henry, Charles, Gilbert and Josh. Ward 
 vanquished the Stevens crew, of Poughkeepsie, and the same year 
 defeated the Biglin crew, of New York, at Sing Sing. 
 
 In September, 1S67, at Springfield, on the Connecticut River, the 
 Wards easily defeated a picked crew from St. John, N. B. , in a contest 
 for Si, 000 and the American championship, course three miles to 
 stakeboat and return, the Wards winning in the Bryant in 39 m. 28 s. 
 In July, 1S6S, at Worcester, Josh. Ward and four of his brothers 
 and J. L. Rajmiond beat the Harvard crew in 17 m. 40 j^ s., the fastest 
 time ever made in America over a three-mile turning course. 
 
 In October, 1868, St. John, N. B., sent to the same course its 
 "Paris crew," which in the exposition races of 1867 had beaten the 
 picked crews of England and France, and now won §3,000 and the 
 championship, covering the six miles in 39 m. 2834^ s. , the Wards 
 coming in i minute behind. The St. John crew were afterwards 
 beaten by the Renforth (Tyne) crew of England, at Lachine, Canada. 
 But on September 11, 1871, at Saratoga Lake, came the greatest 
 international race of all. The contestants were the Ward Brothers, 
 the T}-ne crew, of England, the Tajdor-Winship crew, of England, 
 the Coulter-Biglin crew, of New York, the Pittsburgh crew, and the 
 Stevens crew from Poughkeepsie. The Wards won, making the four 
 miles in 24 minutes, 40 seconds. 
 
 SKATING. 
 
 It has been said that the history of skating — that is, speed skat- 
 ing — in this country, if ever written, must be written at Newburgh, 
 which is now, and, our oldest residents say, always was, " the head- 
 quarters for fast skaters." About 1815-20, Jacob June, John Decker 
 and Charles Payne (colored), were the fastest skaters in these parts. 
 At a later period, John Gains, of Newburgh, was accounted the 
 fastest in the United States. One of the great races of that time oc- 
 curred in the Winter of 1839-40. The distance was two miles, and 
 the starters were John Gains, WilUam Hawkins, James Moshier and 
 Charles F. June, of Newburgh; Harrison Moshier, of Breakneck, and 
 Burger, of Albany. Burger had often said he could beat Gains, and 
 this race virtually decided the championship of the Hudson River. 
 Gains won the race, Hawkins second, and James Moshier and June 
 making a dead heat for the third prize. Burger was fifth in the race. 
 June and Moshier skated immediately afterward for the third prize, 
 and Moshier won by six feet; time, 7 minutes, 42 seconds. The next 
 day Gains and Hawkins skated a match race, one mile, in a circle. 
 Gains won. John C. Stevens, of New York, a wealthy sporting man, 
 offered a prize to any person who would skate one mile in three 
 minutes without the aid of the wind. Gains skated for the prize, and 
 on a dead calm day in Stevens' presence, at Haverstraw, covered a 
 measured mile inside of the required time. 
 
 Charles F. June, at the time referred to above, was a lad of sixteen . 
 His performances were considered remarkable for one of his age, 
 his competitors in the race having been men. Gains took him in 
 hand to train, and every favorable night the young skater received 
 his lesson from the old expert where no prying eyes could see them. 
 The next Winter June was entered in a race at Cornwall, in which 
 Wilham Hawkins, Harrison Moshier, James Moshier and Piatt Moshier 
 
 also skated, distance one-half mile out and back; June won easily. 
 In 1S49 a match was arranged between "Wash." Moshier and June, 
 which June won. June eventually became the acknowledged cham- 
 pion. 
 
 A challenge was published, in i860, in the AVa- York Herald that 
 he would skate any man in the United States or Canada, from one to 
 ten miles, for Si, 000 to $io,ooo a side. The challenge remained open 
 three weeks, but was not accepted. 
 
 Another fast skater of that period was George W. Shaw, and many 
 believed him the equal of June, but in two regular races he was de- 
 feated by June. In 1S53 Mr. Shaw skated a measured quarter-mile 
 in 32 seconds, and once skated a mile in 2 minutes and 35 seconds 
 with the wind. The following reminiscences are credited to Mr. Shaw 
 by a local paper: 
 
 " We didn't skate against time those daj's, not much. We would match our 
 best men, and the fastest man came in ahead— that's all. But one day 'Nat' 
 Belknap, Captain Tommy Ring and a lot more came in the shop and says, 
 ' Shaw, we've staked a quarter-mile out here and want to time you. Will you 
 go? Now, in those daj^s, we didn't follow skating as a business, and when we 
 took a half day off to skate it meant half a day olT pay, too. But, thinks 1, 'all 
 work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,' so I says, 'here goes.' Whenlskated 
 the first heat they marked 36 seconds. Says I, 'Gentlemen, I can beat that,' 
 and I did beat it just two seconds. Says I, ' Gentlemen, I can beat ///«/, too^' 
 and by the great horn spoon I did, for they marked the time 32 seconds. Why 
 didn't I go the mile ? Well, they urged me to try it and staked off the mile. By 
 that time I was nicely warmed up for work, and I went for the record. I knew 
 by the clip I was making that they would mark as good time as on the last 
 quarter. How did I make it ? Well, it was in the afternoon and the tail end of 
 the day at that. I crossed the line fairly ilying, for I had a good wind with me. 
 They dropped the flag, but it was so dark that ' Nat,' who wore glasses, or Cap- 
 tain Tommy could not see it. No time was marked. Those weren't silver medal 
 days, but we had the fun all the same, and in my opinion it would have made 
 these badge fellows hustle to keep up with the procession when we boys took a 
 day off to skate." 
 
 Cicero Gardner and " Tut " Bloomer were the principal patrons 
 of skating races when Captain June and George Shaw were boys. 
 In the absence of daily newspapers, they printed and distributed 
 handbills giving notice of the races. When the people assembled on 
 the ice to witness the races, it was customary to take up a collection, 
 and the money thus obtained became the prizes of the winners. 
 Captain June, in later years, frequently arranged races in this way. 
 
 In 1865 June was challenged by Timothy Donoghue, of New- 
 burgh, but being disabled at that time he declined. When seventeen 
 years of age, Donoghue skated a measured mile in three minutes, 
 first in one direction and then in the other. Afterwards he skated a 
 mile several times in 2 minutes 30 seconds, with the aid of a light 
 wind. "I always thought," he once said, "with the aid of extra 
 strong wind and good ice, I could skate a mile in two minutes, with 
 a flying start." At one time William Clark, of Madison, Wis., was 
 credited with skating a mile in extraordinary time. Donoghue chal- 
 lenged him to skate in Madison, but Clark never replied. 
 
 "The fastest long-distance skating I ever did," said Mr. Donoghue 
 in a letter which he wrote to the Spirit of the Times, "was in 1872, 
 when Aaron Wilson and myself skated to Poughkeepsie and returned 
 to Newburgh (30 miles) in 2 hours. We then, with Charles F. June, 
 started at 11 a. m. for Albany, and arrived there at 5 p. m. We lost 
 fifteen minutes crossing the ferry track which was open at Pough- 
 keepsie; and at Rhinebeck the ferry was also running, and we had to 
 walk about half a mile. Then we got our dinner, which took us 
 forty-five minutes. That left 5 hours running from Newburgh to Al- 
 bany. The distance to Albany is 84 miles by the Hudson River Rail- 
 road. As we had to cross the river from one side to the other a num- 
 ber of times, looking for good ice, I think it made the distance more. 
 The ice was not good, but we had a strong wind." 
 sss>. 
 
 TIMOTHY DONOGHUE, Sr., was born in Ireland, May 13, 
 1837, but came to this country in 1843 and settled in Newburgh. He 
 was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, and as he approached man- 
 hood began to row and build racing-boats. He was only twenty 
 when he turned out the famous Frank G. Wood, rowed bow oar in 
 her and was captain of her crew when they won many races. 
 Donoghue also rowed double sculls with Brown when they defeated 
 
326 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 the champion double-scullers, Gil, Ward and Hancon, in iS6o. He con- 
 tinued to row and build boats until 1861, when he joined the Union 
 army, serving as captain in the Thirty-sixth New York Volunteers. 
 Returning from the war he commenced his skating career by winning 
 an open race at Orange Lake, near Newburgh (in 1864), and defeat- 
 ing all the local champions in friendly trials. So, looking for more 
 formidable competitors than the Hudson River furnished, Mr. Don- 
 oghue issued a challenge to skate any man in the world, and persist- 
 ently repeated it for years, but he failed to get on a match with any 
 one. For twenty years he stood ready to meet all comers. Mr. Don- 
 oghue has conducted an oar-making business in Newburgh for the 
 past twenty-five years. The Donoghue oars have been used by all 
 the best oarsmen since Josh. Ward's time, and have the reputation of 
 being the best in the world. 
 
 The National Amateur Skating Association was organized in 1886, 
 and was the first skating organization of a national character, and 
 the first having authority to award national championship prizes. 
 At the first meeting Timothy Donoghue, jr., of Newburgh, finished 
 third in the ten mile race. In 1887, on the Hackensack River, at Little 
 Ferry, Timothy Donoghue, jr., won the 
 mile race in 3:13 2-5, F. W. Craft, of St. 
 Johns, N. B., second; Joseph F. Donoghue, 
 third. These three also finished in the same 
 order in the half-mile straight-away. 
 
 On the afternoon of February i, 1S87, 
 the officers of the National Association 
 came to Newburgh to witness an effort on 
 the part of Timothy Donoghue, jr., to 
 break the mile-straight-away record with 
 the wind. The ice was perfect and the wind 
 was blowing at the rate of about twenty 
 miles an hour. Charles F. June, of New- 
 burgh, watched the start; G. A. Avery and 
 W. S. Robertson, of New York, were the 
 time-keepers. On the first attempt he cov- 
 ered the distance in 2:233-5, and on the 
 second attempt with a stronger wind to aid 
 him he skated the mile in 2:12 3-5. 
 
 At Van Cortlandt Lake, January 21, 1SS8, 
 Joseph F. Donoghue, of Newburgh, won the 
 five-mile race, T. Donoghue, jr., second, fol- 
 lowed by F. Craft, C. I^appe, C. J. Gordon, 
 of Montreal; S. O'Brien, Ivan De Wordt, of 
 Christiana, Norway; H. B. Goetchius, S. D. 
 North and C. A. J. Queckberner. Time 
 ig m. 17 3-5 s. 
 
 January 24, on South Cove, New York 
 Bay, quarter-mile dash, won by Timothy 
 Donoghue, jr., in 40 s.; Craft second, followed by O'Brien, See, Gil- 
 bert and Gordon. One mile with turn about flagstaff, won by Tim- 
 othy Donoghue, jr., in 3 m. 46 1-5 s. ; Joseph Donoghue second, 
 followed by Craft, O'Brien and Gilbert. 
 
 January 28, Fleetwood Park, ten mile race, won by Joseph Don- 
 oghue in 44 m. 41 4-5 s; Timothy Donoghue, jr., second. The other 
 contestants were F. Craft, S. D. See and S. O'Brien. 
 
 The races of 1889 were brought to Newburgh, by the National 
 Association, on invitation of the Skating Association of Newburgh. 
 They were announced to take place on the Hudson River, on January 
 17 and 18, but there was no ice, and it was settled that the races 
 should be held at Muchattoes Lake on February 22. The day will 
 long be remembered by Newburghers. It was a holiday and the 
 weather delightful, too fine for the skaters, as the ice became soft. 
 Over 5,000 persons witnessed the races from the banks of the lake. 
 
 In the 220-yard race, T. Donoghue, jr., won in 2oj4 seconds, fol- 
 lowed in the order named by Elmer Simpson, Joe Donoghue, B. 
 Maslin and Walton. 
 
 Five-mile race: The entries were Joseph F. Donoghue, James A. 
 Donoghue, Tim. Donoghue, jr., Elmer Simpson, Newburgh; John and 
 Charles Lappe, of Van Cortlandt; H. P. Moshier, Fishkill; W. H. 
 
 TIMOTHY DONOGHUE, Sr 
 
 Gross, E. Morgan, L. Levein, S. J. Montgomery, W. Lentilhon, New 
 York; G. Munzenheimer, Yale University; F. Buchner, Verplanck's 
 Point; G. Johansen, Norway. At2j4 miles half the entries were gone, 
 and the field left was one of the grandest ever seen in a race. The 
 Donoghiies, the Lappes, Simpson and Moshier made a great struggle 
 for supremacy. Joseph and James Donoghue came in first and second, 
 with Elmer Simpson third. Winner's time, 18 minutes 44 2-5 seconds. 
 One-mile race: The Donoghues were entered, but through a mis- 
 understanding failed to appear. The race was won by H. P. Moshier 
 in 3 minutes 38^4^ seconds, Elmer Simpson second, John Lappe third. 
 Ten-mile race: Munzenheimer and Johansen abandoned the race 
 before it was half over. This left the race to the Lappe brothers and 
 Elmer Simpson. The Lappes kept Simpson in what skaters term a 
 "pocket," first one of the La|3pes leading and then the other. The 
 race was finished in this order: J. Lappe coming in victor in 37 min- 
 utes I4'y4 seconds, Elmer Simpson second, Charles Lappe third. 
 
 The national races of i8go were held at Washington Lake, near 
 Newburgh, January 29. 
 
 The quarter-mile race was called at 9:15, and the following started: 
 Frank P. Carroll, Pictou, N. S., champion of Canada; James A. Don- 
 oghue, Manhattan Athletic club; Joseph F. 
 Donoghue, M. A. C; Charles Lappe, Van 
 Cortlandt Lake, N. Y. ; John Lappe, Van 
 Cortlandt Lake, N. Y. ; Louis Levien, Amer- 
 ican Athletic Club; Howard P. Moshier, 
 Fishkill, N. Y.; Elmer Simpson, Whittler 
 Athletic Club and Skating Association, of 
 Newburgh City. Moshier won in 37 1-5 
 seconds, Joseph Donoghue second, James 
 Donoghue third. 
 
 Joseph F. Donoghue won the five-mile 
 race easily, leading by nearly three-quarters 
 of a lap on a half-mile track, Simpson 
 second, James Donoghue third, Carroll 
 fourth. Joseph Donoghue won the mile 
 race in 3:28 1-5, leading Carroll, the second 
 man, by 150 yards, James Donoghue third; 
 Simpson did not start. The ice becoming 
 soft, the ten-mile race was not skated. 
 
 1891, February 7. The National Ama- 
 teur Skating races on the river at New- 
 burgh . 
 
 One-quarter-mile race: Starters — Joseph 
 F. Donoghue, Elmer Simpson, James A. 
 Donoghue, all of Newburgh; Howard P. 
 Moshier, Breakneck; W. H. Gross, New 
 York; G. Munzenheimer, Yale College. 
 Simpson and James A. Donoghue were 
 ruled out for making false starts. 
 Joseph Donoghue won; Moshier second, Munzenheimer third. 
 Time, 37 4-5 seconds. Five miles: Starters — Joseph and James Don- 
 oghue, Simpson, Moshier, Munzenheimer, Gross and George Riske. 
 Time, Josejih Donoghue, 15:37; Simpson, 15:52 1-5; Moshier, 16:15; 
 the others did not finish. Both Donoghue and Simpson beat the previ- 
 ous record. One mile: Starters— Joseph and James Donoghue, Simp- 
 son, Munzenheimer, Gross, F. Buckner, of Verplanck's Point; T. F. 
 Devine, Matteawan; G. W. Meade, of Matteawan. Time, Joseph 
 Donoghue, 3:02 2-5; James Donoghue second, Meade third. Simpson 
 fell and withdrew. Ten miles: Starters — Joseph and James Don- 
 oghue, and Elmer Simpson. Time, Joseph Donoghue, 35:543-5; Simp- 
 son second, James Donoghue third. 
 
 Joseph F. Donoghue was born at Newburgh on February 11, 
 1871. He was always the fastest skater among the boys of his 
 own age. His first racing, however, was done on rollers, when the 
 craze struck Newburgh, and he became the champion of Orange, 
 Dutchess and Ulster Counties. His first race on ice was in 1887, at 
 Albany, N. Y., for the State championship, where he won the mile 
 race from a field of fifteen and the five miles from nine good skaters. 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 327 
 
 In December, 18S8, he went to Evirope under the care of G. M. L. 
 Sachs, of New York. Unfortunately, the Winter was an open one 
 there and the American representative, as he was at once hailed, had 
 only four days' practice, whereas Alexander Von Panschin, of St. 
 Petersburgh, Russia, his principal competitor, had three months' un- 
 interrupted skating in the north before he arrived in Amsterdam. 
 Donoghue, under the circumstances, was badly handicapped. Von 
 Panschin won the half mile, Donoghue striking a post in his heat and 
 falling. The Russian also took the mile race, Donoghue finishing 
 second. Donoghue won the two-mile race, beating the Russian 
 seven seconds and making the fastest time on record — 6m. 24s. At 
 Vienna, Joe again met Von Panschin and was beaten one-fifth of a 
 second in a mile, }-et the latter reftised to meet Donoghue in a two- 
 mile race, for which he immediately challenged him, and Joe deter- 
 mined to skate against the Russian's record for the distance — 6 m. 41 s. 
 — made on the same track. The trial took place within fifteen minutes 
 of the hard mile race, but the youthful American did the distance in 
 6 m. 28 3-5 s. and received a handsome diamond ring from the Vienna 
 Skating Club for his successful effort. The one and five mile races 
 at Hamburg, Germany, were won by Donoghue January 15 and 16 
 the same season, and on his return to New- 
 burgh the skating association gave him a 
 reception and presented him a gold stop- 
 watch and chain. 
 
 In December, 18S9, he went to ^Nlinneap- 
 ohs, Minn., to practice, as there was no ice 
 in this vicinity. He defeated F. Johnson 
 at the Palace Rink in a three-mile race in 
 9 m. 50 s. on Christmas Day, and skated 
 five miles on January 5 in 1 7 m. 8 s. on a track 
 oi Tl4 laps to the mile. During his stay in 
 Minneapolis he was brought into compari- 
 son ^nth Paulsen, of Norway, and McCor- 
 mick, of Canada, and no one doubted his 
 abiUty to defeat these speedy professionals. 
 In October, 1890, Donoghue started again 
 for Europe. His first race was a five-mile 
 match on December 12 with Oscar Fredrik- 
 sen, the champion of the north, at Chris- 
 tiana, Norway, which he won with great 
 ease, covering the distance in the fast time of 
 16 m. 28 3-5 s. He followed this victory by 
 capturing the mile amateur championship of 
 the Netherlands on December 17, the time 
 being 3:09 4-5. The next day he won the 
 three-mile amateur championship of the 
 Netherlands in 9:17, defeating the cham- 
 pions of Germany and Holland in both 
 races. 
 
 He next made a journey to England, and on December 24, on Lin- 
 gay Fen, Grantchester, Cambridge, he won the great i}4 mile inter- 
 national championship race in the remarkable time of 4: 46, which sup- 
 planted the Enghsh records, amateur and professional. The prize was 
 a piece of plate valued at ^25, presented by the late Prince Alexan- 
 der of the Netherlands (Prince of Orange), in addition to a gold 
 medal. 
 
 On January 6, 1891, at Amsterdam, Donoghue again put to rout 
 the best skaters of Holland and Germany, winning the half-mile in 
 1:25 3-5 and the two-mile race in 6: 10 4-5, On January 7 he won the 
 mile race in 3:00 2-5 and the five miles in 16 m. 1 s. , which supplanted 
 Norseng's, St. Peterburgh, record of 16 m. 16 s. 
 
 F., was born m Newburgh in 1800, and married Maria Penny, of 
 Newburgh, whose grandfather and grandmother came here with the 
 first company of Huguenots that came into New York, landing near 
 Sag Harbor on Long Island, where they lived and died, having occu- 
 pied the one house in which they were married for the period of 86 
 years, he dying at the age of 105, and she aged in. When a lad 
 Jacob June served an apprenticeship as a boatman, and afterwards, 
 for nearly sixty years, he conducted a hotel and restaurant business 
 in this citj'. Charles F. June in boyhood learned the trade of a baker, 
 but when eighteen years old engaged as eook on the sloop James 
 Bennett, commanded by John Polhemus. There he learned the prin- 
 ciples of seamanship, and afterward, when his father purchased the 
 sloop Pilot and entered the boating business, Charles took charge 
 of her, trading along shore between Newburgh and Albany. Then 
 he started a regular freighting line between Newburgh, Albany and 
 Troy, making a trip every week. When the business was increased 
 a larger vessel was obtained, and when there was more freight than 
 one vessel could carry, additional boats were temporarily chartered. 
 The line was continued fifteen years. The eastern terminus of the 
 Erie Railroad was then at Piermont; for a time Captain Jiine sailed 
 a vessel from there to New York, and after- 
 ward had charge of the Erie barges running 
 between the two points. Subsequently he 
 was in charge of the landing of emigrants 
 at Castle Garden, under employment to the 
 Commissioners of Emigration; and was next 
 at Red Bank, where he was in charge of 
 the piers of the Raritan & Delaware Bay 
 Railroad. Coming back to Newburgh in 
 1S65, he was for a time employed at the 
 Washington Iron Works as a rigger, and 
 subsequently as a steamboat pilot. For a 
 number of years he was first mate on the 
 passenger and freight barge Newburgh. 
 From 1873 to 1S87 he was in the restaurant 
 business in Detroit, but is now one of the 
 firm of Taylor & June, of Newburgh, en- 
 gaged in the bond and mortgage business. 
 All his hfe long Captam June has found 
 pleasant relaxation from business and bene- 
 ficial exercise in out-door sports, especially 
 in rowing, skating and yachting. In his 
 prime he was a champion skater and oars- 
 man, and as a yachtsman he has guided 
 many a fleet craft to victory. A record of 
 a few of his achievements will be found 
 elsewhere. Now, at the age of sixty-seven, 
 the result of healthful exercise in early life 
 is observable in his vigorous and powerful 
 frame and energetic manner. As an officer of the Nev,'burgh Skating 
 Association, he has been one of the managers of the National ama- 
 teur races when held in this city, and has greatly encouraged the 
 pastime by precept and example. He is still a good skater, and en- 
 joys the sport every Winter. Captain June married twice; his first 
 wife was Margaret White; his second wife, Henrietta Chapman. He 
 has two sons and one daughter, who is the wife of Hon. Grant B. 
 Taylor. 
 
 CHARLES F. JUNE 
 
 CAPTAIN CHARLES F. JUNE was born in this city in 1824. 
 His grandfather, Phineas June, emigrated from France before the 
 Revolution, and settled in Newburgh. He married Fannie M. Cof- 
 fin, whose grandfather came to this country in the Mayflower. She 
 was among the first to make Newburgh her home, where she became 
 acquainted with Phineas June. The ceremony was performed in the 
 old New Windsor Church in 1790. Jacob June, the father of Charles 
 
 YACHTING. 
 
 During the years 1S73-78 many memorable yacht races were sailed 
 in Newburgh Bay. So successful and exciting did they become, that 
 the fleetest open yachts in this part of the country competed. The 
 races were first held under the auspices of the Central- Hudson Yacht 
 Club, with headquarters at New Hamburgh, but the Newburgh Bay 
 Yacht Club was afterwards formed here under the patronage of Hon. 
 C. F. Brown and others. Judge Brown's first yacht was the Lorelei, 
 which participated in a number of exciting races, her most notable com- 
 petitors being the Fidget and LeRoy of New Hamburgh. The yacht 
 WiUiam R. Brown was built during the Spring of 1876 for C. F. 
 
:8 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 Bro-^vn, William R. Brown and H. C. Higginson. She was 27 feet 
 3 inches in length, and built under the guarantee to beat the Susie S. 
 or an)' yacht of that class. The Susie S. was owned by Captain Ira 
 Smith and another of New York City, and, with Captain Smith and 
 a picked crew, was considered invincible by any yacht of her inches. 
 Fresh from the builder's hands, the Brown sailed against the Susie S. 
 and other crack boats in the Centennial race in New York Harbor, 
 and won second place, finishing one minute and a half behind the 
 Susie S. In the Newburgh regatta of that year, the Susie S. was 
 entered, but did not start. The Brown made the best time over the 
 course, defeating the Fidget, LeRoy, Sophia Emma, Sans Souci, 
 Cynthia, Artful Dodger and other fast craft. A series of races, best 
 two out of three, was arranged between the Susie S. and the Brown. 
 The first trial was made m Newburgh Bay, August 8, but after sail- 
 ing several miles, with honors even, the wind died out and the race was 
 put off till the following day. The second trial ended like the first, 
 but on the third day the yachts started at 5 p. m. with a fair breeze. 
 The race had an unsatisfactory ending; the Brown lost her jib, dark- 
 ness came, and the wind died out. The Susie S. finished first and 
 won the cup. 
 
 In the regatta of 1S7- the crew of the Susie S. sailed the William 
 R. Brown, and won the race from the Dare Devil, owned by Mr. Iselin, 
 of New Rochelle. There were forty-eight entries in all classes, in- 
 cluchng the Brown, Joseph Weddle's Freak, G. W. Shaw's A. S. 
 Ring and A. Riley's Corni, of Newburgh; and the W. F. Davids, 
 of New Rochelle; the Journeyman, Pluck-and-Luck, and Let-Her-B, 
 of New York; and other crack yachts. For the first time in the history 
 of yachting a class was made for catamarans, making five classes in 
 all. The catamarans Tarrantilla, owned by the HerreshofE's, of 
 Bristol, R. I., made the best time in this race: the Brown winning in 
 the first-class, the Pluck-and-Luck in the second, the Sophia Emma, 
 of Ne wYork, in the third, and the Victoria, of Hyde Park, in the fourth. 
 
 There were a number of other regattas and match races. The W. 
 R. Brown and the Susie S. were sold to persons in New Orleans. 
 Among the men foremost in conducting the Newburgh regattas were 
 Hon. C. F. Brown, H. C. Higginson, Hon. John. C. Adams, Thomas 
 P. Ramsdell, C. S. Jenkins, T. Donoghue, J. B. Kerr, J. T. Sloan, Al. 
 Riley, J. Weddle, G. W. Shaw, C. F. June and Hon. M. H. Hirschberg. 
 
 BASE BALL. 
 
 The Newburghs was the name of the first base ball club of a rep- 
 resentative character. They were organized as early as 1S56, and 
 played games with all the clubs hereabouts, and with New York and 
 Brooklyn clubs. Their particular rivals were the Highlands, of New 
 Windsor, the two playing many games on the plateau west of the 
 brickyards and on the Newburgh grounds. The Newburghs were 
 composed of William C. Miller, John Miller, L. S. Straw, S. B. Reeve, 
 Stephen King, Robert Rogers, James W. Miller, Eli Hasbrouck, Isaac 
 M. Martin, George W. Powell, WilUam H. Kelly, H. S. Brewster, 
 John C. Adams, Thomas Harris, Thomas C. Ring, John McDowell 
 and George H. Chandler. The New Windsor club was composed of 
 H. Leonard, C. Ilavemeyer, M. Verplanck, B. Verplanck, David Car- 
 son, A. Mitchell, D. M. Clarkson, B. F. Clark, H. D. Nicoll, Major 
 Morton, William J. Roe, E. Ide and R. Van Buren. The ball grounds 
 of the Newburghs were in the field at the corner of South and Johns- 
 ton Streets. The home plate was in the shade of a willow tree at the 
 south end. There were at one time two small club-houses there; 
 one was square and belonged to the Newburgh club: the other, octa- 
 gon shaped, belonged to the Hudson Rivers. 
 
 The Hudson River club was organized in 1S59. The following is 
 the score of the first match, played with the Highland club, June 23: 
 Hudson Rivers. O. R. Highlands. o. R. 
 
 L. S. Straw 4 3 D. M. Clarkson 2 3 
 
 John Miller 2 4 D.Carson 4 2 
 
 Stephen King 2 5 C. Havemeyer 3 3 
 
 E.G.Stevens 3 3 M. Verplanck 3 2 
 
 I. McDowell 4 3 B. Verplanck 3 2 
 
 S.W.Miller 3 3 H. Nicoll 4 2 
 
 G.W.Powell 2 3 H.Leonard 4 2 
 
 S. B. Reeve 2 3 I\Iajor Morton 2 3 
 
 Charles Waring 5 i E. Ide i 4 
 
 The Hudson Rivers played a series of five games with the High- 
 lands that season, and won three of the five. On September 15 
 they played with the Newburghs, and lost by a score of 29 to 26. The 
 Newburgh players in thatgame were John R. Wiltsie, D. McCutcheon 
 (c), T. C. Ring, T. Harris, H. S. Brewster, H. McCutcheon, W. Hatha- 
 way, Isaac M. Martin (p), George H. Chandler. The Hudson Rivers 
 were I. Wood, E. Gerry Stevens, G. Powell (c), Charles Waring, I. Mc- 
 Dowell, S. B. Reeve, James Young, B. Hanmore, Stephen King, (p). 
 
 1860-May 30, Hudson Rivers— E. G. Stevens, John Miller, S. King, W. L. 
 Smith, W. C. Miller, L. S. Straw, S. W. Miller, S. B. Reeve, George W. Powell— 
 27 runs. Newburghs— Ike Martin, Thomas Harris, William Lisle, Fred Bank,'!, 
 William H. Kelly, H. S. Brewster, Ebenezer Adams, George H. Chandler, George 
 George— 27 runs. Tie game. 
 
 i860— June 6, Hudson Rivers stj, Newburghs 22. 
 
 i860— July 5, at Newburgh, Independents, of South Brooklyn, 14; Hudson 
 Rivers 22. 
 
 i860— July II, at Newburgh, Excelsior, of Brooklyn, 65; Hudson Rivers 14, 
 
 i86t— July 20, on New Windsor grounds, Ulster Club, of Saugerties, 42; Hud- 
 son Rivers 29. 
 
 1861 — July 31, Leisters 16, Hudson Rivers 12. 
 
 1861— September 12, at Poughkeepsie, Hudson Rivers 35, Poughkeepsie 12. 
 
 1861— October 4, at Greenpoint, Eckfords 38, Hudson Rivers 18. The Hudson 
 Rivers were S. W. Miller, Straw, King, Mapes (p), Adams (c), Millspaugh, Smith, 
 Reeve, W. C. Miller. 
 
 1861— October 10, the Hudson Rivers played the Eclipse Club at Kingston, win- 
 ning by 37 to 24. The Spirit of the Times, of New York, gave a two-column 
 report of this game. The Hudson Rivers were S. W. Miller, Straw, Banks, King, 
 Waring, John Miller, Reeve, Adams (c), ilapes (p). 
 
 1862— June 20, at Newburgh, Eclipse, of Kingston, 21; Hudson Rivers 39. Hud- 
 son Rivers' team— S. Miller 1 f, Mapes p, Adams r f, Boyd c. Smith 2 b. Reeve 
 s s, Kelly i b, Millspaugh 3 b. King c f. 
 
 1862— July 4, at Newburgh. Eckfords, " Champions of the Union," 74; Hudson 
 Rivers 29; Hudson Rivers— S. W. Miller, Mapes, Adams, Boyd, Kelly, Reeve, 
 Smith, Young, King; Eckfords— Campbell, Manolt, Ketcham, Beach, Mills, Wood, 
 Reach, McAusland, Devyr. 
 
 1862— September 6, at Newburgh, Poughkeepsie 6, Hudson Rivers 17. 
 
 1862 — September 13, at Poughkeepsie, Hudson Rivers 36, Poughkeepsie 24. 
 Hudson Rivers' team— Adams, Smith, King, B. Verplanck, Kelly, Reeve, Mapes, 
 S. Miller, Boyd. 
 
 1862— Thanksgiving Day, at New'burgh, Resolutes, of Brooklyn, 9; Hudson 
 Rivers 14. 
 
 In August, 1863, the Hudson Rivers went to Brookljm to test their 
 strength against the best clubs in the country, the Eckfords being the 
 acknowledged champions, and the Excelsiors and Resolutes almost 
 their equal. The team then consisted of S. Miller, H. Millspaugh, 
 Moore, Adams, Kelly, John Miller, Mapes, Boyd and King. 
 
 August 3, Excelsior 16, Hudson Rivers 14. 
 
 August 4, Eckfords 50, Hudson Rivers 13. 
 
 August 5, Resolute 13, Hudson Rivers 21. 
 
 August 6, Stars 9, Hudson Rivers 6. 
 
 October i, at Orange County Fair at Goshen, for silver belt offered by Orange 
 County .Agricultural Society: Resolute of Brooklyn, 8; Hudson Rivers 7. Reso- 
 lute players — Rogers, Bliss, Taylor, Stover, Warnock, Morrison, Weeden, Allen, 
 .Stanton; Hudson Rivers — Adams, .\. Mapes, S. Miller, Boyd, Mills, C. Mapes, 
 Kelly, Verplanck, John Miller. 
 
 1864 -August 27, at home. Empire State, of New York, 13; Hudson Rivers 23. 
 
 September 2, at home: 
 
 MuTu.^Ls, OF New York. R. Hudson Rivers. R. 
 
 Brown, 2d b i Adams, 1 f 3 
 
 Wansley, c 3 H. Millspaugh, r f 2 
 
 Duffy, 3d b 1 Boyd, c I 
 
 Zeller, 1 f 2 Miller, 3d b o 
 
 McMahon, rf 3 Kelly, 2d b i 
 
 Goldie, ist b 3 Leonard, ist b o 
 
 Patterson, cf 3 Halsey, s s i 
 
 Devyr, ss i Mapes, p i 
 
 Harris, p i Lansing, c f 2 
 
 18 II 
 
 September 17, at Newburgh, Stars of Brooklyn, 27; Hudson Rivers 26. 
 
 October 8, Goshen, silver ball, Hudson Rivers, 23; Resolutes of Brooklyn, 12. 
 
 October 15, at Newburgh, Hudson Rivers 42, Enterprise of Brooklyn, 26. 
 
 1865— July 4, at Newburgh: 
 
 Hudson Rivers. R. O. Mvstic, of New York. R. O. 
 
 Millspaugh, I b 3 4 Dalton, i b 2 2 
 
 Lindley, 2d b 6 2 Manson, c f 2 4 
 
 Mapes, 1 t 5 3 J. Reynolds, p i 5 
 
 Adams, r f 4 2 Haines, c i 4 
 
 Halsey, ss 5 2 G. Reynolds, 2d b 3 i 
 
 Fisher, c 2 4 Blackman, 1 £ 2 2 
 
 Phillips, c f 2 5 Bridge, r £ 3 3 
 
 Kelly, p 5 I Graham, s s 2 3 
 
 Miller, 3d b o 4 Sanders, 3d b 2 3 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 329 
 
 1865— July jg^ at Poughkeepsie, Union of Lansingburgli, 8; Hudson Rivers 41. 
 
 August 1, at home, Gothams, o£ New York, defeated Hudson Rivers. [No 
 record of score.] 
 
 August 7, at Capitoline Grounds, Brooklyn: 
 
 Enterprise. O. R. Hudson Rivers. O. R. 
 
 Smith 3 5 Adams 5 2 
 
 Jewell o 7 llillspaugh 2 5 
 
 Cornwell 3 5 Mapes 2 5 
 
 Murtha 4 4 S. Miller 2 4 
 
 Cooke 3 4 Fisher 3 4 
 
 Warden 6 i Boyd i 2 
 
 Richards 2 4 Halsey 4 2 
 
 Hall 3 3 Kelly 3 3 
 
 Edwards 3 5 Lindley s i 
 
 27 38 27 28 
 
 Umpire D. A. Sutton, of the Atlantic Club. 
 
 August Q, at New York (Sixty-third Street and Third Avenue), Mystic 13, 
 Hudson Rivers 34. 
 
 August 10, at Hoboken, Mutuals 34, Hudson Rivers 14. 
 
 August II, at Hoboken, Gothams (with Harry Wright, pitcher, and Hatfield), 
 2Q, Hudson Rivers 26. 
 
 August 22, at Newburgh, Olympics of Paterson, 13; Hudson Rivers 43. 
 August 31, at Newburgh, Hudson Rivers 38, Poughkeepsie 20 
 September 22, at Newburgh, Mutuals of New York, 36; Hudson Rivers 23. 
 November 16, at Newburgh, for championship of Hudson River and silver 
 ball, Knickerbocker of Albany, iS; Hudson Rivers 24. 
 
 1866— July 4, at Matteawan, for silver ball, Hudson Rivers 24, Eclectics of New 
 York, 14. 
 
 August 13, at Binghamton, Hudson Rivers 48, Binghamton 17. 
 August 14, at Binghamton, second nine Hudson Rivers, 40; second nine Bing- 
 hamton 27. 
 
 August 15, at Elmira, Hudson Rivers 85, Alerts 23. 
 August 16, at Elmira: 
 
 HUDSON Rivers. R. O. Union. R. O. 
 
 Lindley, 2d b' 16 j C. Burt, p i 4 
 
 Millspaugh, c £ 15 i J. Burt, c i 4 
 
 Adams, r £ 14 3 Miller, ist b 3 2 
 
 Kelly, p 12 4 Hylon, 2db 3 3 
 
 Boyd, c 14 3 Leavitt, 3 b 4 2 
 
 Fisher, 1 £ 15 = Robinson, s s 3 2 
 
 Miller, 3d b 12 3 Mason, 1 f i 5 
 
 Halsey. ss 13 2 Potter, c £ 2 i 
 
 Wilson,istb 9 7 Seeley,r£ o i 
 
 120 17 
 
 August 17, at Elmira, Monitors o£ Corning, N. Y., 32; Hudson Rivers 64. 
 
 August 18, at Buffalo, Niagaras 40, Hudson Rivers, 17. 
 
 September 19, at home. Pacifies of New York, 26; Hudson Rivers 32. 
 
 1867— July 4, at Lansingburgh, Union 29, Hudson Rivers 23. 
 
 July 5, at Albany, Nationals 28, Hudson Rivers 29. 
 
 July 22, at Newburgh, Hudson Rivers 6, Mutual of New York, 27. 
 
 September 10, at Newburgh: 
 
 Hudson Rivers. R. O. Resolutes, of Brookuyn. R. O. 
 
 Millspaugh, c £ 5 ' Weeden, istb 4 2 
 
 Miller, 3d b 4 2 Finck, 2db 2 3 
 
 Conklin, r £ 2 4 Creagh, r £ 2 4 
 
 Wilson, 1£ 5 3 Sethbridge, ss o 4 
 
 Garrison,2db 3 4 Morrison, p i 3 
 
 Kelly,istb 5 ■ Smith, 3d b 3 ■ 
 
 C.Gibb,ss 3 4 Lockwood, c o 3 
 
 Boyd, c 3 4 O.Strom, If o 4 
 
 C.F.Brown, p 3 4 Rogers, c £ ^ J 
 
 33 27 ^4 27 
 
 September 27, at home. Unions of Lansingburgh, 23; Hudson Rivers 29. 
 The above are the scores of merely the more important games 
 played by the club. In their best days they easily defeated the best 
 
 teams in the vicinity. The club stood high socially in the community. 
 It was customary then to entertain visiting clubs sumptuously, and 
 the New York clubs thought it a great treat to be invited to New- 
 l3urgh. When our players visited New York and Brooklyn they 
 were well entertained, and on one occasion were the guests of the 
 Mutuals, then the champions, at Niblo's. Their tour across the State 
 in 1866 was a continued ovation, and the days of their visit were holi- 
 days in the towns where they were received. Banquets were given 
 in their honor at hotels, and receptions at private residences. 
 
 Other Newburgh clubs of less fame, of 1865-70, were the Alerts, 
 the Excelsiors, Osceolas, and the Hudson River Juniors. The follow- 
 ing is the score of a game played by the Alerts and Hudson Rivers 
 in June, 1S67: 
 
 HUDSON Rivers. R. O. Alerts. R. O. 
 
 Miller 7 4 Garrison 2 2 
 
 Gibb 9 2 Gould o 5 
 
 Halsey 4 2 Farrington i 3 
 
 Kelly 8 2 Fuller o 3 
 
 Conklin 8 3 Van Benschoten o 4 
 
 Boyd 9 2 Kelly i 2 
 
 Lindley 10 i Tice o 4 
 
 Wilson 6 4 Phillips 2 2 
 
 Brown 5 3 McBirney 2 2 
 
 66 23 8 27 
 
 The Hudson Rivers continued to play ball till about 1869. Prom- 
 inent amateur clubs of a later period (subsequent to 1871) were the 
 Actives, Magnolias, Riverdales, Happys, and the new Hudson Rivers. 
 The Actives were a stalwart lot of men, and held their own with the 
 best clubs in this section. In its best days the team was composed 
 of the following players; Joseph Kennedy, 2d b ; Alexander Finley, 
 ist b; T. Ford, 3d b; O. Mastin, r f; E. Smith, 1 f; W. Finnegan, s s; 
 J. Connell, c f; W. Henderson, p; W. Dickson, c; J. Glassey. Their 
 most notable rivals were the Kelloggs, of Cold Spring. 
 
 The Magnolias were younger, but in their class were seldom beaten. 
 The club was organized by Bernard T. Adams and James Crawford. 
 The regular players were J. Campbell, 2d b; S. Anderson, c; B. 
 Adams, ist b; H. Ward, 3d b; J. Martin, c f; James Crawford, p; 
 James Sterling, Stapler, W. Quirk, J. A. Canthn, L. Lathrop, J. 
 Fowler and M. Ryan. 
 
 The Hudson Rivers were reorganized in September, 1873, with 
 J. C. Adams, President; W. B. Brokaw, Vice-President; J. F. Um- 
 pleby. Treasurer; C. S. Gibb, Secretary. The first team was com- 
 posed of Umpleby, 2d b; F. Conklin, istb; P. J. Fitzpatrick, 1 f; G, 
 Nestell, r f; W. H. Kelly, p; G. Underbill, s s; C. S. Gibb, 3d b; W. 
 Hawkins, c; E. Farrington, H. Bond. Mr. Members, of Fishkill, 
 afterward played at first base, and Conklin became the catcher, and 
 Hawkins the left fielder. The most notable game of that period in 
 Newburgh, was between nine players picked in Cold Spring, and the 
 following picked from Newburgh: Umpleby, Kelly, Farrington. Fin- 
 ley, Fitzpatrick, Connell, Kennedy, Smith and ConkUn. Newburgh 
 won. 
 
 September 23, 1886, the Hudson Rivers had a reunion, and defeated 
 a team picked from the Tenth Separate Company. On this occasion 
 the following named Hudson Rivers played: John C. Adams, A. L. 
 Lindley, J. E. Wilson, William H. Kelly, James Boyd, C. F. Brown, 
 E. Farrington, C. S. Gibb and A. Wilson. The game was played on 
 the grounds of the Newburgh Base Ball Association, on Washington 
 Heights. 
 
 
SOCIAL LIFE. 
 
 Clubs, Societies, and Other Pleasant Attractions, 
 
 ^^SSJ 
 
 ITH all the various auxiliaries which civilized people 
 provide for their intercourse with each other Newburgh 
 is amply supplied. In religious, benevolent, literary, 
 athletic, and social clubs, associations, and societies, 
 in the pursuit of social pleasures among neighbors and 
 companions, and in all those amenities which cement 
 friendships and sweeten life, our city has every oppor- 
 tunity. The broad river has attractions for every leisure hour, and 
 the woods, the beautiful drives, the lakes, the streams, and the moun- 
 tains present a standing invitation to pleasure-seekers. 
 
 Newburgh is the home of many wealthy, retired gentlemen who 
 have sought, with their families, the health-giving climate of this 
 region, and find here ed- 
 ucational, social and liv- 
 ing advantages which 
 induce permanent resi- 
 dence. It is only sixty 
 miles from New York 
 City, with its business 
 and amusements, and 
 two hours by rail, or 
 three and a half by water, 
 is sufficient time for the 
 journey. The best dra- 
 matic companies appear 
 on the boards of our pret- 
 ty theatre. Near at hand, 
 at West Point, is the 
 National Military Acade- 
 my, which every Sum- 
 mer presents military 
 .spectacles that attract 
 the notables of the land. 
 Newburgh itself has been 
 the residence place of 
 many people distinguish- 
 ed in literature, art, 
 science and statecraft 
 since the days of the 
 Clintons, and the general 
 result has been the form- 
 ation and continuance of as refined social circles as any city alTords. 
 
 CLUBS. 
 
 The Newburgh Canoe and Boating Association was organized in 
 1885, and now has a large membership and a commodious clubhouse 
 at the riverside between Third and Fourth Streets. Its members own 
 a large number of rowboats and canoes, several racing shells, and a 
 number of yachts. Regattas are held in the Spring and Fall. 
 
 The Orange Lake Club has a boathouse at Orange Lake, six 
 miles west of the city, and town quarters in the Centennial Building. 
 The Orange Lake Ice Yacht Club is composed mainly cjf members of 
 the Orange Lake Club. They own a fleet of ice yachts, and have re- 
 gattas at the lake in the Winter. 
 
 The Broadway Athletic Club has a gymnasium in the Gerhardt 
 Building, on Broadway. They have a strong baseball team. The 
 Newburgh Athletic Club also has rooms in the Gerhardt Building. 
 [33°] 
 
 They have given several successful tournaments. The Whittler Ath- 
 letic Club has rooms in the Chandler Building, in Water Street. The 
 Newburgh Turn Verein is an old organization, and owns Turn Hall 
 in Chambers Street. Other clubs are the Newburgh Wheelmen, the 
 Rod and Reel Club, the West End Gun Club, the Fish and Game 
 Protective Club, and the Powelton Lawn Tennis Club. The St. Cecilia 
 (for women), the Monday Night Club (for men), and the Mannerchor 
 are popular musical organizations. 
 
 The Newburgh City Club is the leading social club. It has many 
 wealthy gentlemen in its membership, and owns a valuable property 
 at the corner of Grand and Third Streets. 
 
 The Newburgh Skating Association, organized in 1889, is devoted 
 
 to the promotion of ama- 
 teur skating contests. It 
 has been instrumental in 
 bringing the National 
 races here for several 
 years past, and efficient 
 in making the local ar- 
 rangements therefor. The 
 Association has also of- 
 fered prizes and held 
 several races under its 
 own auspices. The Presi- 
 dent of this Association, 
 Cornelius L. Waring, is 
 the Yice- President of the 
 National Amateur Skat- 
 ing Association. 
 
 MASONIC HALL-Academy ot Music. 
 
 FREE MASONRY. 
 
 Free Masonry was first 
 introduced into New- 
 burgh during the Revo- 
 lutionarj' War. During 
 the encampment of the 
 Continental Army in this 
 vicinit}', an army lodge 
 convened here. It re- 
 ceived its original war- 
 rant from the Grand Master of Masons in the State of Massa- 
 chusetts, February 13, 1776, and was called American Union Lodge. 
 Upon the transfer of the Massachusetts troops to this State, 
 this lodge petitioned the Deputy Grand Master of New York to con- 
 firm their warrant; but this not being complied with, a new warrant 
 was granted them under the name of Military Union Lodge, No. i. 
 On June 24, 1782, they proceeded to West Point and united with Wash- 
 ington Lodge in observing the festival of St. John the Baptist, at the 
 Colonade. But the first lodge permanently established in Newburgh 
 was Steuben's, No. 18, which was instituted November 13, 17S8, with 
 Ebenezer Foote, Master, The charter was surrendered about the 
 beginning of this century, but it is now in the keeping of Hudson 
 River Lodge, No. 607, of this city, as custodian. This lodge was fol- 
 lowed by Hiram Lodge, No. 131, which was instituted May 26, 1806, 
 with Jonathan Fisk, Master. This lodge entertained La Fayette at 
 their rooms in the Orange Hotel, on Water Street, when he visited 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 33^ 
 
 this place on September 14. 1S24. The address of welcome on this 
 occasion was dehvered by the Rev. John Brown, D. D., the rector of 
 St. George's Protestant Episcopal Chin-ch, and the chaplain of the 
 lodge. The charter of this lodge was sm-rendered December 10, 1834, 
 during the anti-Masonic conflict in this State, but it was revived on 
 September 9, 1842, and known as Lodge No. 92, with Peter F. Hunn, 
 Master. It was dissolved in 1845, but the jewels of this lodge are 
 still in the possession of the fraternity in this city. 
 
 After an interval of eight years Newburgh Lodge, No. 309, was 
 instituted on July 28, 1853, with the Rev. John Gray, Master, and oc- 
 cupied the Hall on the southwest corner of Front and Third Streets 
 until June 24, 1863, when the Hall on the northwest corner of Broad- 
 way and Golden Street was secured and used for twenty-five years 
 for Masonic purposes. 
 
 During these years the craft had increased in membership suf- 
 ficient to warrant the formation of another lodge, when on June 19, 
 1866, Hudson River Lodge, No. 607, was instituted, with David A. 
 Scott, Master. 
 
 The bodies embracing the higher degrees in Masonry have neces- 
 sarily grown out of the " blue lodges," and are at this time in a most 
 prosperous condition. 
 
 Lodge of the State of New York, on September 11, 1888. The care 
 and keeping of the hall is delegated to the Masonic Hall Association, 
 which is composed of a Board of Trustees elected from the four Ma- 
 sonic bodies. 
 
 JAWIES G. GRAHAM, Jr. 
 
 On February 3, 1812, a warrant was granted to hold a mark 
 master's lodge, which was known as Hiram Mark Lodge, No. 70, but 
 it existed only four years. 
 
 On February 6, 1817, a charter was issued to Jerusalem Temple 
 Chapter, No. 52, Royal Arch Masons, with James Reynolds, High 
 Priest, and meetings were held until 182S. 
 
 Highland Chapter, No. 52, was instituted March 2, 1864, with John 
 B. Stansbrough, High Priest. 
 
 Hudson River Commandery, No. 35, Knights Templar, was insti- 
 tuted October 19, 1865, with Hugh JlcCutcheon, Commander. 
 
 King Solomon Council, No. 3:, Royal and Select Masters, was 
 constituted at Poughkeepsie, February 4, 1868, and has jurisdiction 
 in this city, where it held meetings for a number of years. It is still 
 in existence and located at Poughkeepsie. 
 
 The two lodges, Newburgh and Hudson River, together with 
 Highland Chapter and Hudson River Commandery, secured the com- 
 modious and elegant hall and apartments they now occupy, in the 
 Academy of Music, on the northwest corner of Broadway and Grand 
 Street upon the completion of that building in 1888. The hall is 
 raaenificent in all its appointments, and was dedicated by the Grand 
 
 JAMES G. GRAHAM, Jr., Jlaster of Hudson River Lodge, F, 
 & A. M., is the son of Hon. James G. Graham, and was born in the 
 Town of Shawangunk, Ulster County, December 21, 1S64. When he 
 was about a year old his parents removed to Newburgh. He attended 
 the grammar schools of this city, and was graduated from the New- 
 burgh Academy with the class of 1882, being the salutatorian of the 
 class. After graduation he entered his father's law office as a student 
 of law. He was admitted to the bar at a General Term held in 
 Brooklyn, in December, 1885, and since that time has practiced in 
 Newburgh, having an office with his father in the Brewster Building. 
 He is an expert stenographer and has been made court stenographer 
 in Orange County, doing work for the Special Term, County Court 
 and Grand Jury. 
 
 His Masonic career began March 3, 1886, when the degree of Master 
 Mason was conferred upon him by Most Worshipful John W. Vroo- 
 man, then Deputy Grand Master of the State. He was elected Junior 
 Warden of Hudson River Lodge in 1S88, Senior Warden in 1889, and 
 Worshipful Master in 1890, and re-elected in 1S91. He was exalted 
 to the degree of Royal Arch Mason in Highland Chapter, No. 52, 
 R. A. M., on December 7, 1S86. A year later he was elected a 
 Knight Templar in Hudson River Commandery, No. 35, K. T. Be- 
 sides being Master of the Lodge he is a member of the Finance Com- 
 mittee of the Chapter, and one of the guards of the Commandery. 
 In 1888 he was made a Noble of the M5'Stic Shrine in Mecca Temple, 
 New York. He is also a member of the Newburgh City Club and 
 the Powelton Lawn Tennis Club. 
 
 ODD FELLOWSHIP. 
 
 There are in Newburgh at the present time four Lodges of Odd 
 Fellows, one Encampment, and one Canton of Patriarchs Militant. 
 The first Lodge of this order in this city and county was Highland, 
 No. 65, instituted March 29, 1842, and it is still in a flourishing con- 
 dition. The Lodge first met in a room in the Washington Hall Build- 
 ing, and afterwards in the ball-room of the United States Hotel. For 
 about forty-eight years past it has occupied Odd Fellows Hall, at 
 the corner of Second and Water Streets. Other Lodges instituted 
 in Newburgh, previous to 1851, were Orange County Lodge, No. 74 
 (1842); Hudson River Lodge, No. 281 (1847); Kossuth Lodge, No. 
 129 (1850); Myrtle Degree Lodge, No. 20 (1S45), and Mount Carmel 
 Encampment, No. 21 (1S45). All these surrendered their charters, 
 and the present bodies besides Highland Lodge are: Acme Lodge, 
 No. 469, instituted May 11, 1S78; Bismark Lodge, No. 420, instituted 
 in February, 1874; Superior Lodge, No. 133, Daughters of Rebecca, 
 instituted June 2, 1891; Mount Ohve Encampment, No. 65, instituted 
 March 7, 1S72, and Canton Woodward, No. 32, P. M., instituted 
 
 August 7, 1889. 
 
 >» s s s 
 
 THE MILITARY. 
 
 The two military companies in Newburgh, the Fifth Separate Com- 
 pany and the Tenth Separate Company, had their origin m the Sev- 
 enteenth Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel E. D. Hayt, commanding, 
 which was organized in 1878. On January 11, 1882, Companies B, C, 
 and D were mustered out of service; Company A, Captain James T. 
 Chase, was continued as the Fifth Separate Company, and Com- 
 pany E, Captain Joseph M. Dickey, as the Tenth Separate Com- 
 pany. The Armory was erected in 1880, Thomas Dobbin, of New- 
 burgh, contractor. The commissioned officers of the Fifth Company 
 are; Captain, James T. Chase; First Lieutenant, John H. Wells; 
 Second Lieutenant, George W. Dunn; Surgeon, R. J. Kingston. 
 The commissioned officers of the Tenth are: Captain, (vacant); First 
 Lieutenant, Thomas T. Haviland; Second Lieutenant, L. W. Y. Mc- 
 Croskery. 
 
332 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 The Grand Army of the Republic is represented by ElHs Post, No. 
 52; and FuUerton Post, No. 589, and the Sons of Veterans by A. S. 
 Cassedy Post, No. iS. 
 
 The Knights of Pythias have Storm King Lodge, No. 11; Olive 
 Branch Lodge, No. 133; the Endowment Rank, Section No. 206, and 
 Charles T. Goodrich Division, No. 25, Uniform Rank. 
 
 The Knights of Honor have Hud.son River Lodge, No. 1,218. 
 
 The Ancient Order of Foresters has Court Newburgh, No. 7,256, 
 and Court Pride of the Hudson, No. 7,718. 
 
 The Improved Order of Red Men is represented by Muchattoes 
 Tribe, No. 54, and Orange Council, No. g, Degree of Pocahontas. 
 
 In Temperance societies we have Orange Council, No. t86; Royal 
 Templars of Temperance, the Prohibition Alliance, the Junior Pro- 
 
 hibition Club, St. George's Company, No. 62, Knights of Temper- 
 ance; St. Paul's Company, No. 66, Knights of Temperance; Mission 
 Lodge, No. 639, I. O. of G. T.; Newburgh Lodge, No. 282, I. O. of 
 Cr.T., and Victory Lodge, I. O. of G. T. 
 
 Besides these there are the many other secret, benevolent and mis- 
 cellaneous organizations, including United Friends, Sons of St. 
 George, Ancient Order of Hibernians, Royal Arcanum, Order of 
 United American Mechanics, Sexennial League, Knights and Ladies 
 of the Golden Star, Knights of Honor, Orangemen, CathoUc societies, 
 and labor and trade unions. Also, the Newburgh Bible Society (organ- 
 ized in 1818), the Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the High- 
 lands, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the New- 
 burgh and New Windsor Horse-thief Detecting Seciety, and the 
 Society for Instruction in First Aid to the Injured. Many of these 
 are worthy of extended mention, but the limits of this book will not 
 warrant that pleasure. 
 
 THE ARMORY—Comer of Broadway and Johnston Stn 
 
CEMETERIES. 
 
 HERE are four cemeteries within the city Umits and 
 two in the suburbs. The Newburgh, or Old Town, 
 Cemetery is in the block bounded by Liberty, South 
 and Grand Streets, where stood the church of the 
 Palatine settlers. It contains many ancient headstones. 
 St. George's Cemetery, between Washington and South 
 WUliam Streets, is under the care of St. George's 
 Protestant Episcopal Church. St. Patrick's Cemetery, bounded by 
 Broadway, Prospect and First Streets, is the resting place of the 
 Roman Catholic dead. The Hebrew burying-ground is in First 
 Street, near the comer of Prospect. 
 
 WOODLA'WN. 
 
 The iSTewburgh 'Woodlawn Cemetery Association is one of the cor- 
 porate institutions of the city, as its name implies. It was incor- 
 porated October 22, 1S70. The cemter}- is in the Town of New Wind- 
 sor, about one mile from the city, at the end of one of the most delightful 
 drives leading from our suburbs. The location is an ideal one for the 
 purposes of a cemetery, with unsurpassed views of river and mountain. 
 Crossing the great stone bridge on the southern side of the city, Quas- 
 saick Avenue is lined on either hand with the splendid countr\- 
 seats of retired gentlemen, with spacious grounds around each mansion 
 laid out in groves and lawns in all the varieties that taste can plan 
 and wealth accomplish. A well-shaded walk borders the west side of 
 the avenue from the city limits to the cemetery. At its junction with 
 Union Avenue are the gateways to the cemeterj- and the lodge of the 
 superintendent. The grounds contain fifty acres, AN-ith such to- 
 pographical features that no artificial improvement could enhance their 
 
 beauty. They are enclosed by a neat 
 iron-rod fence, painted in light colors, 
 and the northern boundary is hedged 
 with a line of noble cedars. The lodge 
 at the entrance is all but lost in a lux- 
 uriant growth of ivy, but temptingly 
 located for sketching. The grounds 
 display a succession of choice plants 
 and flowers all through the flowering 
 season. There are settees beneath the 
 shade trees for the convenience and 
 accommodation of visitors. There is a 
 dense grove at the western bounds, 
 whilst interspersed over the grounds 
 are noble century oaks in groups and 
 alone. The lowland in the southwest 
 part has been redeemed and drained, 
 and covered with a carpet of grass. A 
 natural stream of w a t er flowing 
 through the grounds takes all the sur- 
 face water, and it is designed to util- 
 ize it for the purpose of further beau- 
 tifying the cemetery. The central 
 winding drive is lined with maples, 
 which have met, forming a bower of 
 luxuriant foliage, and pines, fir and 
 elms decorate the lawns. The willow 
 and poplar were good enough for the 
 old cemeteries, 
 
 CLARK MONUMENT. 
 Woodlawn Cemetery, 
 
 WOODLAWN CEMETERY. 
 
 but evergreens 
 and syringa 
 for the new ! 
 The walks and drives are all deep-laid with 
 gravel, edged, and well kept, and on every 
 hand are plants and shrubs tastefully dis- 
 posed around. There are many pretty urns, 
 vases, statues, and a large boulder or field- 
 stone inscribed "Woodlawn." A romantic 
 drive leading through the woods on the 
 southwest slope crosses a rustic bridge or 
 two, where wild flowers grow and the birds 
 wing fitfully overhead. 
 
 The family lots and plots are laid out cir- 
 cular, square, diagonal, octagonal, and in 
 every diversified form, but none of them en- 
 closed with rails or fences, so forbidding and 
 unsightly in old cemeteries and church-yards. 
 There are several massive and imposing mon- 
 uments to the illustrious dead sleeping here, 
 and many objects of interest in sculptured 
 marble, carved stone, and artistic designs. 
 The Newburgh Home for the Friendless and 
 the Grand Army Posts have lots in this ceme- 
 tery, with fitting memorials to their dead. 
 
 MacLeod Rogers, the efficient superinten- 
 dent in charge, has occupied this position for 
 the last twenty years, and his ability and 
 integrity are guarantees that the duties of his 
 office are faithfully discharged. The present 
 officers of the association are Daniel S. Waring, 
 
 [333] 
 
334 
 
 NEWBURGH 
 
 President; Charles Caldwell, Vice-President; John Dales, Secretary, 
 and Walter C. Anthony, Treasurer. Trustees — Daniel S. Waring, 
 Charles Caldwell, Walter C. Anthony, John Gait, W. T. Terpeiining, 
 Lewis M. Smith, John Dales, James Bigler and L. S. Sterrit. 
 
 CEDAR HILL. 
 
 Cedar Hill Cemetery is situated about five miles north of the center 
 of the city. It contains one hundred acres, with a landscape varied 
 
 and picturesque. The grounds are laid out like a park from the 
 design of August Hcpp. There are no fences nor mounds. There 
 arc three miles of winding drive-ways. A stream of spring-water 
 supplies a pretty lake that covers 2>^ acres. At the present time 
 there are about eleven hundred bodies interred at Cedar Hill, and 
 many beautiful and costly monuments have been reared there. The 
 grounds are under the control of the Cedar Hill Cemetery Associa- 
 tion, which was organized in 1870, mainly through the efforts of 
 Enoch Carter, who was himself among the first buried there. 
 
 SOME INTERESTING FIGURES. 
 
 POPULATION STATISTICS. 
 
 STATISTICS OF ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 A bulletin just issued by the Census Bureau gives the result of the 
 final counting of the population of the counties and cities of this State, 
 from which we take the following: 
 
 HUDSON RIVER COUNTIES. 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 INCREASE. 
 
 
 1890. 
 
 i83o. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Westchester 
 
 Rockland 
 
 146,772 
 35.162 
 97,859 
 124,511 
 164.555 
 87,062 
 
 14.S49 
 77,879 
 31.598 
 46,172 
 
 108,988 
 27,690 
 88,220 
 
 115,32s 
 
 154.890 
 
 85.838 
 
 15,181 
 79,184 
 32,695 
 47.928 
 
 37.784 
 
 7.472 
 
 9,639 
 
 9.183 
 
 9.665 
 
 1.224 
 
 ^536 
 
 d 1,30s 
 
 d 1,097 
 
 rt' 1,756 
 
 34.67 
 
 26.98 
 
 10.93 
 
 7-96 
 
 6.24 
 
 1-43 
 d 1.04 
 ^1.65 
 ^3-36 
 d^i.bb 
 
 Rensselaer 
 
 Albany 
 
 Ulster 
 
 Putnam 
 
 Dutchess 
 
 
 Columbia 
 
 HUDSON RIVER CITIES. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Yonkers* 
 
 Newburgh .... 
 
 New York City 
 
 Cohoes 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Poughkeepsie . 
 
 Troy 
 
 Albany 
 
 1890. 
 
 1880. 
 
 32,033 
 
 18,892 
 
 23,087 
 
 18,049 
 
 515.301 
 
 1,206,299 
 
 22,509 
 
 19.416 
 
 21,261 
 
 18,344 
 
 9.970 
 
 8,670 
 
 22,206 
 
 20,207 
 
 60,956 
 
 56,747 
 
 94,923 
 
 90,758 
 
 INCREASE. 
 
 13,141 
 5,038 
 
 309,002 
 3.093 
 2.917 
 1.300 
 
 1.999 
 4,209 
 4.165 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 69.56 
 27.91 
 
 25.62 
 1593 
 15.90 
 14.99 
 g.89 
 7.42 
 4-59 
 
 •^ Yonkers has been the recipient . 
 which it is a suburb. 
 d Decrease. 
 
 f a large overflow from New York City, of 
 
 By the census of 1S80 there were in OrangeCounty 4,357 farms; 11 
 under three acres in extent; 368 under ten acres and more than three; 
 310 containing more than ten and less than twenty acres; 556 con- 
 taining more than twenty and less than fifty acres; 1,041 containing 
 more than fifty and less than one hundred acres; 2,031 containing be- 
 tween one hundred and five hundred acres; 28 containing between five 
 hundred and one thousand a.cres; and 11 containing more than one 
 thousand. Average size, 115 acres. 
 
 Of the whole number of farms, 3,389 were cultivated by their 
 owners; 687 were rented for a fixed money rental, and 281 for shares 
 of products. 
 
 The total acreage was 499,817; improved, 364,051; unimproved, 
 135.766; woodland and forest, 115,480. 
 
 Total value of farms, $26,115,218; value of farming implements. 
 §877,725; value of live stock, 83,127.851; estimated value of all farm 
 productions, 84,210.217. 
 
 Number of horses in Orange County, 11,583; mules and asses, 
 145; working oxen, 748; milch cows, 46,154; other cattle, 10,675; 
 sheep, 5,127; swine, 15,629. Milk sold, or sent to butter or cheese 
 factories in 1S79, 18, 742, 335 gallons— largest production of any county 
 in the United States. Butter made on farms, 1,221,295 lbs. 
 
 On 22 acres, 500 bushels of barley were raised; 40,940 bushels of 
 buckwheat were raised on 2,521 acres; 619,753 bushels of corn on 19,427 
 acres; 424,772 bushels of oats on i5,Si5acres; 106,981 bushels of rye on 
 9,524 acres; 75,156 bushels of wheat on 5,849 acres. 
 
 The population of Orange County in 1880 was 
 97.859- 
 
 ,220; m la 
 
NEWBURGH 
 
 335 
 
 Memorable Events in the City's Life. 
 
 1865, 
 
 Apri 
 
 1865, 
 
 June 
 
 1866, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 1866, 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1867, 
 
 Sep. 
 
 1867, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 1867, 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1867, 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 Mch. 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 
 June 
 
 1869, 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1869, 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1869, 
 
 Aug. 
 
 186c,, 
 
 - 
 
 1869, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 1870, 
 
 Hay 
 
 1870, 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1870, 
 
 Sept. 
 
 1870, 
 
 - 
 
 1870, 
 
 - 
 
 1870, 
 
 — 
 
 1870, 
 
 1870, 
 
 - 
 
 1870, 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1870, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 I87I, 
 
 Mch. 
 
 I87I, 
 
 June 
 
 I87I, 
 
 July 
 
 I87I, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 I87I, 
 
 - 
 
 I87I, 
 
 — 
 
 1872, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1872, 
 
 June 
 
 1872, 
 
 - 
 
 ■873, 
 
 April 
 
 1873. 
 
 June 
 
 1873, 
 
 - 
 
 ■873, 
 
 - 
 
 1873, 
 
 — 
 
 1874, 
 
 May 
 
 1874, 
 
 Dec. 
 
 "875, 
 
 Feb. 
 
 ■875, 
 
 May 
 
 22— City of Newburgh incorporated. 
 13— Return of the 124th Regiment from the War. 
 12— First City Officers inaugurated. 
 28— Third Ward Grammar School dedicated. 
 9 — Sculling match between James Hamill and Walter Brown. 
 28— Mary Powell died, aged 82. 
 
 13— Opening of the Montgomery and Erie Railroad. 
 16— Work commenced on the Boston, Hartford & Erie Railroad at 
 Denning's Point. 
 
 — Rear Admiral Henry H. Bell, of Newburgh, drowned off Osaka, 
 
 Japan. 
 
 II — Streets and avenues laid out by coiuraissioners. 
 
 27— The present Young Men's Christian Association organized, 
 
 17— Trotting match, for $1,000, at Highland Park, between Goldsmith 
 
 Maid and Geo. Palmer. 
 1— $202,500 subscribed at public meeting for building a railroad to 
 
 Kingston. 
 20— New Savings Bank building opened for business. 
 
 — Robinson Avenue graded from North Street to First Street, at a 
 
 cost of $15,498.59. 
 
 — Carpenter Avenue graded from North Road to Western Avenue, 
 
 at a cost of $19,786.26. 
 II— Trotting match between Mountain Boy and Lady Thorne at 
 
 Highland Park. 
 3 — Two acres added to area of Washington's Headquarters. 
 7— General Grant visited Newburgh. 
 23— Newburgh & New York R. R. (Short Cut) opened. 
 
 — Grand Avenue graded. 
 
 20— Unparalleled rainstorm and destructive hurricane. 
 
 24— First meeting of Common Council in new rooms in Savings Bank 
 
 building. 
 30 — John L. Seaverns murdered. 
 19 — The Powelton House burned. 
 
 — Stone Street graded from First Street to Gidney Avenue. 
 
 — South Miller Street graded. 
 
 — Third Street graded from Johnston Street to West Street, at a 
 
 cost of Sr-j,596. 12. 
 
 — William Street graded from Washington Street to Railway 
 
 Avenue. 
 
 — Population, 17,094. 
 
 22— Newburgh Woodlawn Cemetery incorporated, 
 21— Cedar Hill Cemetery Association organized. 
 
 1 — Walter Brown, the oarsman, died aged 31. 
 
 3 — Ex-Mayor George Clark died. 
 iD~Firsttrip of ferryboat Fanny Garner. 
 
 4 — Newburgh's contribution to Chicago relief fund exceeded $5,500. 
 
 — South Street graded from Carpenter Avenue to South Plank 
 
 Road, at a cost of $55,942.70. 
 
 — Robinson Avenue graded from First Street to Railway Avenue. 
 I— Newburgh's first steam fire engine tested. 
 
 12— Corner stone of Grammar School No. 2 laid. 
 
 — Lake Street graded from Western Avenue to the Quassaick. 
 30— A plot in Cedar Hill Cemetery presented to the Fire Department. 
 
 9— Mailler's storehouse and barge Newburgh burned. 
 
 — Ann Street graded from Mill Street to Lake Street. 
 
 — South William Street graded from Lake Street to river, at a cost 
 
 of 515,215. 
 
 — P'irst Street graded from Stone Street to West. 
 
 II— The Board of Trustees of Washington's Headquarters created. 
 
 3— Mayor Chancey M. Leonard died. 
 
 2_0]d Mill Street, from South William to Dickson Street, closed. 
 21— Spelling match at Newburgh between Poughkeepsie and New- 
 burgh teams. 
 
 875, June 5— Rev. Thos. T. Farrington died. 
 
 875. — — The second history of Newburgh published. 
 
 875) — — New houses erected for hose companies Nos. 2 and 5. 
 
 876, Jan. I— Centennial jubilee. 
 July 2— Religious observance of centennial of American independence. 
 
 876, July 4— Centennial celebration. 
 
 876, Sept. 23— Publication of Newburgh Telegraph discontinued. 
 
 877, April 20— Banquet to Cyrus B. Martin. 
 
 877, Nov. 29— New ferry slip at Fishkill opened. 
 
 Feb. 13— New public Library opened. 
 
 Mch. 15— Commodore Graham died. 
 
 May 30— First exhibition of the phonograph in Newburgh. 
 87S, Sept. 25— Newburgh gave §2,612.60 for relief of yellow fever sufferers in the 
 South. 
 
 Oct. I— Ferryboat Union burned. 
 
 Oct. 8— Operation of theological seminary discontinued. 
 
 Nov. 16— Orville M. Smith died, aged 72. 
 
 — — New house for C. M. Leonard Steamer Co. erected. 
 879, April 23— Iron ferryboat City of Newburgh launched. 
 
 879, July 5— Mastodon unearthed at Little Britain. 
 879, July 28— Telephone company asked permission to erect poles. 
 June 25— Armory opened. 
 
 — — Population of city 18,049. 
 May 30— Soldiers' and sailors' monument in Woodlawn Cemetery un- 
 veiled. 
 
 Sept. 26— Business suspended in consequence of funeral of President 
 
 Garfield. 
 Dec. 8— Opening of New York & New England Railroad to Newburgh. 
 May 15— Visit of the Commercial Club of Providence. 
 June 4— First train on West Shore R. R. from Newburgh to New York. 
 June 15— Y. M. C. A. building opened. 
 Aug. 25— Quassaick Bridge accepted. 
 Oct. 18— Newburgh centennial celebration. 
 Aug. 2 — Steamer Eagle burned. 
 Aug. 15— Rev. John Brown, D. D., died. 
 Oct. I— Free mail delivery begun. 
 Nov. 13 — Centennial of the establishment of the Presbyterian Church in 
 
 Newburgh. 
 Jan. 18— Charles Downing died. 
 
 Aug. 8— Business suspended in consequence of funeral of General Grant. 
 Oct. 31 — Moody and Sankey meetings. 
 Nov. 24 — West Shore Railroad was sold at Newburgh Court House for 
 
 $22,000,000. 
 June 14— Arrival of steamer Newburgh. 
 July 4— Isaac White murdered. 
 Sept. 2— New Academy dedicated, 
 Oct. 
 Dec. 
 
 Feb. 24— Steamer Homer Ramsdell launched. 
 Mch. I — Elected first Alderman-at-Large. 
 July 3— Rev. Samuel Carlisle died. 
 
 Mch. 12— An unprecedented snowstorm— a veritable blizzard. 
 Sept. i7~The Academy of Music opened. 
 Mch. 19— The electric fire alarm system accepted. 
 
 July I— Newburgh contributed $5,164,44 for the Johnstown flood sufferers. 
 Sept. 27— The National flag ordered displayed on public school buildings 
 
 every school day. 
 
 — — Population, 23,087. 
 Jan. 24— A further strip of land added by purchase to the area of Wash- 
 ington's Headquarters. 
 
 -Rev. John Forsyth died. 
 
 23— Street railway opened. 
 
~^UI^ 
 
 NEWBURGH JOURNAL 
 
 £Prii]tirig House and Book-Bindery^ 
 
 RITCHIE & HULL, Proprietors. 
 
 yod Printing. 
 E^igraving. 
 L ith ograph ing. 
 Blank Books. 
 Paper Rolling. 
 Book-Binding:. 
 
 ^n^