XX^UZ5 
 
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CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
A SKETCH OF 
 
 CAPITULAR 
 
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 ^E«i^3fc>£?IN iLLiNOiSOOC^C^C^Ci 
 
 FROMiiTS INTRODUCTION 
 UNTIL THE Y^AR EIGHTEEN 
 HIJNDRED AND klNETy-NINE ; 
 
 W:WARVEtLEi'LI,i|pi 
 
 ■ ■,....,.. — ■ — ^ . 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030324267 
 
A SKETCH OF 
 
 CAPITULAR 
 
 MASONRY 
 
 FROM ITS INTRODUCTION 
 UNTIL THE YEAR EIGHTEEN 
 HUNDRED AND NINETY-NINE 
 
 By GEO. W. WARVELLE, LL.D. 
 
 CHICAGO: Nf^TETEEN HUNDREDtJ 
 
 -^ 
 
7/7 
 
 <1 \<J ^1 
 
 PETTIBONE, SAWTELL & CO. 
 STATIONERS AND PRINTERS, 
 76-82 SHERMAN ST., CHICAGO. 
 
Dedicated to 
 EX. COMP. GILBERT W. BARNARD 
 
 IN TOKEN OF FRATERNAL ESTEEM AND 
 REGARD, AND IN RECOGNITION OF HIS 
 EMINENT QUALITIES AS A MAN AND 
 MASON 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 At the Annual Convocation of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of 
 Illinois, held at the City of Chicago on October 27, 1898, the Grand High 
 Priest, M. E. Comp. Eugene L. Stoker, in his annual address, directed the 
 attention of Grand Chapter to the approaching semi-centennial anniver- 
 sary of Its organization and recommended the appointment of a committee 
 for preliminary work in connection therewith. The next ensuing Con- 
 vocation would be the fiftieth In point of numerical arrangement, but fifty 
 years would not, in fact, have elapsed since the date of organization, 
 wherefore he suggested that the celebration should not be held until the 
 annual Convocation of 1900. The recommendation was referred to the 
 Committee on Accounts, which reported back an indorsement of the recom- 
 mendation and Grand Chapter concurred. 
 
 Nothing, however, was accomplished during the year and at the 
 ensuing annual Convocation, held on October 26, 1899, the Grand High 
 Priest, M. B. Comp. Wm. B. Grimes, renewed the suggestion of his prede- 
 cessor, and recommended that the first four officers of the incoming ad- 
 ministration, together with the Grand Secretary, be appointed a com- 
 mittee to take such steps as to them might seem necessary or expedient 
 to carry out the theretofore expressed wishes of Grand Chapter, which 
 recommendation was also concurred in by Grand Chapter. As a result 
 of the annual election the committee became formed of the following 
 Companions: M. E. Comp. Nathaniel Bowditch, R. Ex. Comps. Geo. W. 
 "Warvelle, Chas. H. Patton, Alfred A. Whipple, and Gil. W. Barnard. 
 
 The Committee, in pursuance of prior instructions and suggestions 
 and after due deliberation, decided to commemorate this epoch of our his- 
 tory by striking a medal, by a memorial volume, and by a fraternal 
 banquet. In the present work they have brought together a brief sum- 
 mary of the introduction of Capitular Masonry Into the jurisdiction; a 
 sketch of its development and progress, and the salient features of its 
 history during the last fifty years. To this has been added brief bio- 
 graphical sketches of distinguished members of the craft, both living 
 and dead, who, during the semi-centennial period now ending have been 
 actively engaged in the work of Grand Chapter, and, whenever same 
 could be obtained, their portraits have also been shown. This has been 
 
supplemented by such details of the exercises attending the semi-centen- 
 nial celebration as in the opinion of the committee were worthy of pres- 
 ervation and perpetual remembrance. The volume is submitted to the 
 craft in the belief that it contains much intrinsic merit and in the hope 
 that it will receive their favorable consideration, and that it will be and 
 remain a lasting memorial of the first fifty years of Royal Arch Masonry 
 in Illinois. Fraternally submitted, 
 
 NATHANIEL BOWDITCH, G. H. P. 
 
 GEO. W. WARVELLE, D. G. H. P. 
 
 CHARLES H. PATTON, G. K. 
 
 ALFRED A. WHIPPLE, G. S. 
 
 GIL. W. BARNARD, G. Sec. 
 
A Sketch of 
 Capitular, Masonry in Illinois. 
 
 By George W. Warvelle. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ^^\ OSSIBLY the most profound of all the mysteries of Masonry is 
 the origin of its legendary histories and esoteric liturgies, — 
 that truly wonderful system of moral symbolism and allegorical 
 teaching which we now denominate degrees. We know but little 
 concerning them prior to the last half of the eighteenth century, 
 and much of the knowledge that has come down to us from that period 
 is, at best, but fragmentary tradition. The Masonic romancer has indeed 
 essayed to depict in glowing colors the scenes and incidents that have 
 marked the course of Masonry from primeval man to the present time, 
 but under the piercing light of critical inquiry his "pictures have dis- 
 solved like frost before the morning sun. The "Legend of the Craft," as 
 preserved In the ancient charges, is probably the only authentic memorial 
 we now possess which antedates the beginning of the year 1700, and this 
 but faintly outlines a very few of the many symbolic allegories that vital- 
 ize the esoteric rituals of the Masonry of to-day. Nor have these remarks 
 special reference to the high grades only; they apply to all alike, for the 
 entire system of speculative Freemasonry, as now practiced, contem- 
 plates a progressive expansion of but one thought, and that is the sanctity 
 and preservation of the Holy and Ineffable Name. Toward this pivotal 
 principle gravitate all the degrees of Masonry of all rites and systems, 
 and to the elucidation of the mysteries which encompass the subject are 
 they all devoted. Inseparably connected by continuity of thought and 
 design they bear internal evidence of a common origin, and from the 
 meager historical data now at our command we are led to infer that they 
 assumed their present shape about the middle of the eighteenth century. 
 At the time of the revival, in 1717, there is every reason to believe 
 that there existed no degrees, as that term is now understood, and that 
 the esoteric ceremonials were of the most simple and informal character. 
 
6 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 Tie symbolism was crude and undeveloped and the philosophical teach- 
 ings scarcely more than a suggestion. The fifty years that next ensued 
 were marked by a restless and ever increasing activity. The schism of 
 1738 produced a keen rivalry that soon begat competition. The Scottish 
 lodges abandoning their operative character entered the speculative 
 field; Ireland did the same; and soon five grand lodges struggled for su- 
 premacy in the British Islands. Then it/'was that the simple legends that 
 formed the basis of the early ceremonial were eagerly seized upon by the 
 enthusiast, the visionary, and, not infrequently, by the schemer. Allegory 
 and symbol pieced out the fragmentary traditions of the Ancient Craft, 
 and imagination furnished historical evidence where the facts were 
 wanting. Beyond the seas rites and systems arose like the exhalations of 
 magic, and the fundamental ideas of primitive Masonry were expanded 
 to the last stage of attenuation through the extended scale of degrees 
 which in many cases were adopted. These years may well be called the 
 period of the Masonic renaissance. A new impulse was imparted to the 
 fraternity by the development and expansion of its old legends; an im- 
 pulse that in many cases was made to serve the purposes of the charlatan 
 and trickster, but in the end was productive of the highest good, and 
 from the confused and ill-digested mass that marked this epoch have 
 been evolved the great rites that now dominate the Masonic world. 
 
 With the exception of the three primary degrees of the Symbolic 
 Lodge no degree in Masonry is so well known or widely diffused as that 
 of the Royal Arch. When, where or how it originated is not definitely 
 known, but the favorite theory of the students Is, that it was fabricated 
 by one Lawrence Dermott at or about the time of the so-called schism 
 of the fraternity in England. This latter event occurred in the year 
 1738, and the first mention of the Royal Arch, so far as known, was in 
 the year 1743. It was employed as an adjunct by both of the rival Grand 
 Lodges of England and by them was introduced into the American Col- 
 onies, where it continued to be practiced in connection with craft lodges, 
 the lodge warrant serving as a full authority for its conference upon 
 candidates.* Until the latter part of the eighteenth century its govern- 
 ment was that of the lodge, but about 1790 a separation commenced to 
 take place. The convocations in which it was conferred were called Chap- 
 ters, and certain detached degrees as well as new fabrications were about 
 this time added to and included in the chapter jurisdiction. This was 
 largely accomplished through the labors of Thomas Smith Webb, who may 
 with propriety be styled the founder of the American Masonic system. 
 From the fact that the Royal Arch and its subsidiary degrees are con- 
 ferred in bodies called Chapters they have now come to be generally 
 styled the Capitular Degrees. 
 
 • The oldest mention of the flegree in the United States occurs in the minutes of 
 Fredericksburg Lodge (Va.), under date of Dec. 22, 1753. 
 
Masonic History 7 
 
 Prior to 1797 the Capitular degrees, in this country, were in a con- 
 fused and ofttimes chaotic state. With no recognized form of govern- 
 ment and no organic connection with each other, the few scattered chap- 
 ters were without influence or power, and the Masters' Lodges continued 
 to exercise their ancient prerogative of conferring the Royal Arch de- 
 gree at their pleasure. But in October of this year, at the instigation of 
 "Webb, a convention of "committees" from chapters at Boston, New- 
 buryport and Albany met at Boston and addressed a circular to all of the 
 chapters within the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 
 Island, Connecticut, Vermont and New York, inviting them to send dele- 
 gates to a convention to be held at the city of Hartford, Connecticut, the 
 year following, for the purpose of organizing a Grand Chapter of Royal 
 Arch Masons and establishing a constitution for the government and 
 regulation of all chapters "that now are or may hereafter be erected 
 within the said States." The convention was held, as proposed, on Janu- 
 ary 24, 1798, and an organization effected under the name "Grand Royal 
 Arch Chapter of the Northern States of America." In 1799 the word 
 "General" was prefixed to the title of the body, and in 1806, on the ex- 
 tension of its territorial jurisdiction, the old title was abolished and in 
 lieu thereof was adopted the name "General Grand Chapter of Royal Arch 
 Masons for the United States of America,'' which name it still retains. 
 From this body has emanated nearly all of the State Grand Chapters* and 
 all of the Royal Arch Masonry of the West, including that of Illinois. 
 
 With the re-establishment of the Grand Lodge in 1840 came also a 
 desire for the cultivation of the Capitular degrees. Prior to this time 
 the only bodies within the State were those of the Symbolic Lodge, and 
 "high Masonry" of every description was practically unknown. On July 
 19, 1841, the first chapter of Royal Arch Masons was organized at the 
 city of Springfield, by virtue of a dispensation from M. E. Comp. Joseph 
 K. Stapleton, the Dep. Gen. Grand High Priest, and on September 17th 
 following, at the triennial session of the General Grand Chapter, a charter 
 was issued to same. Springfield Chapter, No. 1, remained in full posses- 
 sion of the entire State until July 2, 1844, when a dispensation was 
 issued for the formation of a chapter at Chicago. The printed abstract 
 of the transactions of the General Grand Chapter does not show that any 
 charter was granted in pursuance of this dispensation, yet it would seem 
 that on September 12, 1844, at the regular triennial session of that year, 
 a charter did issue for a chapter at Chicago to be known as La Fayette, 
 No. 2. At the succeeding triennial convocation, held in 1847, charters were 
 granted for chapters to be known as Jacksonville, No. 3, Horeb, No. 4 
 (Henderson), Quincy, No. 5, and Shawneetown, No. 6. These were all. of 
 the charters granted by the General Grand Chapter for chapters within 
 this State. 
 
 • Every grand chapter in the United States, except Pennsylvania and Virginia, de- 
 scended from this parent body. 
 
8 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 THE GRAND CHAPTER. 
 1850. 
 
 On April 9, 1850, in pursuance of a call issued by William B. War- 
 ren, a convention of representatives from all of the chartered chapters 
 in the State, except Shawneetown, No. 6, assembled at the city of Spring- 
 field to concert measures for the formation of a Grand Chapter. The 
 meeting was held under the authority of Willis Stewart of Louisville, 
 Ky., G. G. K. of the General Grand Chapter, and the action of the conven- 
 tion was approved by that body at its triennial session in September of 
 the same year. 
 
 Comp. Warren was called to the chair and Comp. E. R. Roe was chosen 
 secretary. It was then resolved that the convention do "now proceed to 
 form a Grand Chapter for the State of Illinois," and the organization was 
 completed by the election of the following officers: 
 
 W. B. Warren, Jacksonville ~ G. H. P. 
 
 J. H. Holton, Quincy D. G. H. P. 
 
 J. V. Z. Blaney, Chicago - G. K. 
 
 Peter Sweat, Peoria G. S. 
 
 Mason Brayman, Springfield - G. Secy. 
 
 Thos. H. Campbell, Springfield G. -Treas. 
 
 W. S. Hurst, Jacksonville - G. M. 
 
 By resolution Shawneetown Chapter, upon signifying its assent to 
 the proceedings, was permitted to come into Grand Chapter on equal 
 terms with the other chapters; the By-Laws of the Grand Chapter of 
 Ohio, with slight modifications, were adopted provisionally, and the mat- 
 ter of a constitution was deferred until the regular annual convocation. 
 From the day of the convention until the present time Grand Chapter has 
 met regularly in annual convocation. During the entire period it has 
 enjoyed a career of uninterrupted prosperity and unbroken continuity, 
 and the original six chapters that participated in the organization have 
 been augmented by lawful increase until, at this writing, one hundred 
 and eighty-five are borne upon the roll. 
 
 The regular annual convocation was held at Alton, in October of the 
 same year (1850), with Wm. B. Warren presiding and the representatives 
 of four chapters present. The first dispensation for a chapter under the 
 new organization was issued to Comp. Wackerlee, and others, at Mere- 
 dosia, Morgan county, but inasmuch as the General Grand Chapter, at 
 the time of the formation of Grand Chapter, had dispensations in force 
 In several localities in the State, the chapters so under dispensation were 
 permitted to come in and receive a priority of number on the registry. 
 The chapters availing themselves of this privilege were Peoria, No. 7, 
 Howard, No. 8 (Upper Alton), Stapleton, No. 9 (Rushville), Union, No. 
 10 (Barry). Meredosia Chapter, therefore, although the first to be cre- 
 ated by Grand Chapter, became No. 11, of the registry. 
 
 J. H. Holton was chosen Grand High Priest, and J. L. Anderson, 
 Grand Secretary. Jacksonville was selected as the place of permanent 
 location. 
 
Masonic History. 9 
 
 1851. 
 
 The convocation of 1851 was held at Jacksonville. The provisional 
 constitution was continued in force for another year; the project of a 
 representative fund was considered, and all chapters in the jurisdiction 
 were ordered not to confer the degrees of Royal and Select Master. 
 
 J. V. Z. Blaney was elected G. H. P., and Harman G. Reynolds, Grand 
 Secretary — a position he continued to occupy for many years afterwards. 
 
 1852. 
 
 At the convocation of 1852, held as before, at Jacksonville, neither one 
 of the first three oflBcers was present. A permanent constitution was 
 adopted; a committee was appointed to procure a Charter of Incorpora- 
 tion from the State; a resolution was passed opposing the project, then 
 being agitated, of the dissolution of the General Grand Chapter, and the 
 order prohibiting the conferring of the degrees of Royal and Select Mas- 
 ters by the chapters of its obedience was reaffirmed. Levi Lusk was 
 elected G. H. P. 
 
 By the terms of the Constitution, adopted at this session, the official 
 name of Grand Chapter became "The Grand Royal Arch Chapter, of the 
 State of Illinois," a name by which it still continues to be designated. 
 
 1853. 
 
 The convocation of 1853 was held at Jacksonville, M. B. Levi Lusk, 
 presiding. By resolution R. A. Masons hailing from Pennsylvania were 
 denied the privilege of visitation in any chapter in the jurisdiction. The 
 reason for this singular action is not apparent in the record and the act 
 Itself was the subject of much unfavorable comment in other jurisdic- 
 tions. It would seem that the question originally arose in La Fayette 
 Chapter at Chicago, where a companion hailing from Pennsylvania was 
 denied admission by the High Priest, on the ground that the work of 
 Pennsylvania was essentially different from the work of the General 
 Grand Chapter. An appeal was taken to the Grand High Priest, who 
 sustained the decision. This in turn was approved by the Committee on 
 Jurisprudence, with the result above indicated. For several years the 
 leading spirits in Grand Chapter endeavored to defend their illiberal- po- 
 sition by specious reasoning, until finally the force of popular sentiment 
 compelled a repeal of the obnoxious resolution. 
 
 The "Act of Incorporation" was approved, and from thence hitherto 
 the Grand Chapter has preserved its dual existence, acting both under 
 its own Masonic constitution and that emanating from the State. The 
 Act of Incorporation provided the same name for the aggregate body as 
 the Constitution, to-wit: "The Grand Royal Arch Chapter, of the State 
 of Illinois." It is a somewhat noticeable fact that neither the words 
 "Mason" nor "Masonry" anywhere occur in the Act Comp. M. J. Noyes, 
 of Pittsfield, was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1854. 
 
 The convocation of 1854 was held at Jacksonville, with M. E. Michael 
 J. Noyes presiding. The proceedings were mainly routine. A committee 
 of seven was appointed "to revise the mode of conferring the Past Mas- 
 
10 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 ter's degree," and "to report and exemplify the work as soon as possible." 
 After -wrestling with the subject for twenty-four hours the committee 
 reported that they "had been unable to agree on any mode," and recom- 
 mended the appointment of a committee of one who should "perfect him- 
 self in the work and report at the next Grand Convocation." Comp. Levi 
 Lusk was selected as such committee. 
 
 Just why the "higher" bodies, with far less revenue than Grand 
 Lodge, should so excel the latter in the matter of charitable disburse- 
 ments is among the unsolved problems. A comparison of records, however, 
 unmistakably discloses the fact. At this session (1854), with about $500 
 in the treasury, after making the usual appropriations, Grand Chapter 
 gave $100 to relieve the necessities of the widow of a worthy Past Grand 
 Master, and donated the sum of ?50 annually toward the education of two 
 of the orphan children of deceased companions. This generous policy 
 still characterizes the body, as its liberal annual appropriations to the 
 organized Masonic charities of the State abundantly testify. 
 
 Comp. Louis Watson, of Quincy, was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1855. 
 
 On September 27, 1855, the annual convocation was held at the Masonic 
 Hall in Jacksonville, M. E. Louis Watson presiding. 
 
 Comp. Lusk, appointed at the convocation of 1854 as a committee to 
 prepare a report on the mode of conferring the Past Master's degree, sub- 
 mitted a verbal report, "which was unanimously adopted and recom- 
 mended as a proper mode of work to be adopted by the subordinate chap- 
 ters." There are still chapters in this jurisdiction that possibly might 
 profit by the report. Why was it not preserved? 
 
 The Grand Lodge, having then but recently taken measures for the 
 establishment of a library. Grand Chapter offered to co-operate and bear 
 part of the expense. Accordingly $50 was appropriated for such purpose. 
 
 Comp. Ira A. W. Buck, of Aurora, was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1856. 
 
 The annual convocation of 1856 was held at Jacksonville, M. E. Ira 
 A. W. Buck presiding. Business routine and of temporary interest only. 
 
 By the terms of the Constitution the location of Grand Chapter was 
 fixed at Jacksonville until the year 1856. This period having now expired 
 an amendment to the Constitution became necessary. Accordingly such 
 amendment was made by providing for an annual convocation "at the 
 place of, and three days before, the annual meeting of the Grand Lodge." 
 Thus the Grand Chapter became ambulatory and dependent upon the 
 actions of another body. Inasmuch as Grand Chapter paid mileage and 
 per-diem to representatives, the necessity for the move is not fully appar- 
 ent; and while it was sought to be justified at the time on the score of 
 convenience, yet this is shown by subsequent events to have been untrue. 
 However, for a number of years this custom prevailed, all of the bodies 
 meeting at the same place and about the same time. 
 
 Comp. Edward M. M. Clarke, of Rushville, was elected G. H. P. 
 
Masonic History. 11 
 
 1857. 
 
 The annual convocation of 1857 was Ueld at Springfield, and imme- 
 diately preceding the session of Grand Lodge, M. E. Comp. Edward M. M. 
 Clarke, presiding. The eftibargo against the Grand Chapter of Penn- 
 sylvania was raised. Grand Chapter having vindicated to its own satis- 
 faction its "inherent and inalienable right to admit or exclude visitors" 
 in its own discretion, and Royal Arch Masons from Pennsylvania were 
 permitted "to visit upon the same terms as others, hailing from any 
 sister jurisdiction.'" Another appropriation was made for the library, and 
 the perusal of Masonic publications was recommended "as a means of 
 disseminating Masonic intelligence." 
 
 The death of the beloved companion, Wm. A. Dicltey, was duly com- 
 memorated. 
 
 The election resulted in the choice of James H. Hibbard as G. H. P., 
 
 and he, together with the remaining officers, was installed by the retiring 
 
 G. H. P. (Comp. Clarke) "with ease and elegance, and in an impressive 
 
 manner." 
 
 * • * 
 
 The only incident to disturb the serenity of the session was caused by 
 the presentation of a petition from Comp. J. W. Spalding and others, 
 praying for the erection of a new chapter at Galesburg. The committee 
 to which same was referred found that the usual application for a recom- 
 mendation from the nearest chapter, in this case Horeb, No. 4, at Knox- 
 ville, was denied by such neighboring chapter, "upon pecuniary consider- 
 ations alone," and recommended the granting of the prayer. Comp. H. G. 
 Reynolds, the Grand Secretary, raised the question of jurisdiction of 
 Grand Chapter over the subject, as a point of order. The G. H. P., Comp. 
 Clarke, held the point well taken and decided that Grand Chapter had no 
 jurisdiction over the matter, under Sec. 7, Art. II, of the General Grand 
 Chapter Constitution. That the reader may judge for himself as to the 
 correctness of this ruling the section in question is here given, viz.: 
 
 Sec. 7. No dispensation or charter for the institution of a new chap- 
 ter of Royal Arch Masons shall be granted except upon the petition of 
 nine regular Royal Arch Masons, which petition shall be accompanied with 
 a certificate from the chapter nearest to the place where the new chapter 
 is intended to be opened, vouching for the moral character and Masonic 
 abilities of the petitioners, and recommending that a dispensation or 
 charter be granted them. 
 
 Thereupon Comp. Spalding and twenty-seven others entered of record 
 a protest and memorial, urging that the section only applied to those 
 cases where the General Grand Chapter was exercising original and ex- 
 clusive jurisdiction in States or Territories where no Grand Chapter ex- 
 isted; that same did not apply to State jurisdictions in the obedience of 
 State Grand Chapters; wherefore they appealed from the decision of the 
 M. E. Grand High Priest to the Grand Chapter. This produced a counter 
 protest from Comp. Reynolds and the officers of Horeb Chapter, and was 
 in turn followed by a second "memorial" by Comp. Spalding. The result 
 was that the whole matter was referred to the incoming Grand High 
 Priest (Comp. Hibbard), with power to act. 
 
12 Se mi-Centennial Soitvenir. 
 
 Acting under this power, Comp. Hibbard visited Galesburg and Knox- 
 ville (the towns are only five miles apart) and endeavored to effect a 
 compromise alike honorable to both parties. In this he was signally un- 
 successful. It would seem that by Horeb Chapter he was treated with 
 much indignity; and when, in the exercise of his powers, original and 
 delegated, he granted a dispensation for Galesburg Chapter, the com- 
 panions of Horeb Chapter issued an incendiary and disloyal manifesto 
 addressed to all of the chapters of the jurisdiction. 
 
 1858. 
 
 This was the situation when Grand Chapter met in its annual convo- 
 cation in 1858. The Grand High Priest, M. E. James H. Hibbard, pre- 
 sented a report of his actions in the premises, as well as of the action of 
 Horeb Chapter and certain of its oflacers and members. The Grand Chap- 
 ter sustained Comp. Hibbard, censured Horeb Chapter, and appointed a 
 committee to "recommend what action is necessary on the part of this 
 Grand Chapter to sustain its dignity in the person of its chief ofiacer." 
 In the meantime Horeb Chapter, by its officers, presented a petition ask- 
 ing for an annulment of the dispensation to Galesburg Chapter and denying 
 intentional disrespect towards Grand Chapter, "although they claimed 
 and exercised the right of commenting upon the official acts of the Grand 
 High Priest, and condemning those acts when they deemed them contrary 
 to Masonic law, and subversive of the rights and privileges of Horeb 
 Chapter." But Grand Chapter thought otherwise, for it confirmed the 
 dispensation, and granted a charter to Galesburg Chapter; required "full 
 and ample retractions and apologies" to Comp. Hibbard from certain of 
 the officers of Horeb Chapter, under pain of suspension, and directed the 
 incoming G. H. P. to call "a full convocation of said Horeb Chapter at 
 such a time as may suit his convenience and require that a suitable 
 apology be made to this Grand Body and to M. E. Comp. Hibbard, for 
 the insults and indignities aforesaid," and in case of a refusal to make 
 such apologies the Grand High Priest was instructed to suspend the 
 charter until the next annual meeting. 
 
 At the meeting of 1858 Comp. Nelson D. Elwood was elected G. H. P., 
 — a position to which he was twice re-elected and which he continued 
 to occupy until the day of his death in 1861. 
 
 Comp. Elwood, who is described as having been a man of most gentle 
 and agreeable manner, proceeded to pour oil on the troubled waters of 
 Knox county Masonry. He visited Knoxville; called a meeting of Horeb 
 Chapter; presented the mandate of Grand Chapter, and in every way 
 sought to close the breach that had been opened. But Horeb Chapter had 
 made up its mind in advance as to what it should do in this event, and 
 now reiterated all that it had said and refused to recede from what it 
 had done. As a result the charter was arrested, and at the session of 
 1859 all of the rights and privileges of the chapter were declared forfeited 
 to Grand Chapter; the members in attendance at the meeting called by 
 the G. H. P. and voting to sustain the contumacious position then taken 
 were suspended, and the members remaining loyal to Grand Chapter were 
 accorded certificates of good standing to have the force and effect of 
 
Masonic History. 13 
 
 dimits. So ended one of the most painful episodes in the history of Grand 
 Chapter. 
 
 But the baneful root from whence sprang all this trouble has never 
 been eradicated, either in this or the other branches of Masonry, and 
 "pecuniary considerations only" still interfere with the interest and con- 
 venience of many brethern in many localities. If a Masonic body cannot 
 support itself in any given locality without a "protective tariff," it is 
 time for such institutions to close. The only object of a recommendation 
 from the nearest body is, or should be, to advise the Grand body of the 
 moral and Masonic character of the petitioners. The question as to the 
 propriety of a charter should be the sole prerogative of the Grand body. 
 But, as a matter of fact, the primal sin of Horeb Chapter has many times 
 since been repeated and recommendations withheld for no other reason 
 than that the grant of a charter to the petitioners might reduce the 
 revenues of the body so refusing. 
 
 1859. 
 
 The General Grand Chapter met in Chicago in 1859, but the event 
 does not seem to have been particularly noticed by Grand Chapter; nor 
 does it appear that any official welcome was tendered to the distinguished 
 visitors. This, however, was simply an oversight, and the Grand High 
 Priest (Comp. Elwood), on his own responsibility, maintained the honor 
 and reputation for hospitality of the Grand Chapter of Illinois. 
 
 Grand Chapter met as usual at Springfield, with M. E. Comp. Elwood 
 presiding. 
 
 The definition of the clothing of a Royal Arch Mason as made by the 
 General Grand Chapter was adopted; the constituent chapters were pro- 
 hibited from conferring the degrees on non-affiliates, and another appro- 
 priation was made for the library. 
 
 M. E. Comp. Elwood was re-elected G. H. P. 
 
 1860. 
 
 At the eleventh annual convocation, held at Springfield, September 28, 
 1860, Comp. Wm. W. Mitchell, D. G. H. P., presided, a domestic affiiction 
 detaining the G. H. P. (Comp. Elwood) at his home; and while the Grand 
 Chapter evinced its affection for its absent chief by re-electing him to the 
 East, yet he was destined never again to preside in that body. Before 
 another year had rolled around Comp. Elwood was gathered unto his 
 fathers. The session presents no feg-tures of more than temporary in- 
 terest. 
 
 1861. 
 
 At the convocation of 1861, held at Springfield, the chair was occupied 
 by Comp. Wm. W. Mitchell, D. G. H. P., who paid a tribute of sorrow and 
 respect to the memory of the late Comp. Elwood. The Civil war was 
 then the paramount theme with all men, but the Acting G. H. P. decided 
 that the matter had "become too formidable for us to meddle with it as 
 a Society," and that the "discussion of the subject would embarrass us and 
 be liable to misapprehension and misconstruction;" and Grand Chapter 
 wisely concurred. 
 
14 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 For the benefit of some of the latter-day representatives it may be 
 here stated that the regular houi- for convening was eight o'clock a. m.; 
 and if the record is to be taken as importing verity the officers and repre- 
 sentatives were always in their places at that time. 
 
 The accounts disclosed the fact that, either through insufficient rev- 
 enue or over appropriation, the funds had fallen short, and that, after the 
 necessary allowances, there would be a deficiency. The mileage and per- 
 diem rate was then scaled twenty per cent and a corresponding reduction 
 made in other "incidental expenses." 
 
 Comp. Wm. W. Mitchell was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1862. 
 
 At the convocation of 1862 Comp. Mitchell was absent from the State, 
 and Comp. A. W. Blakesley occupied the East of the Sanctuary. The 
 only subject of moment was the still depleted condition of the treasury. 
 To remedy this J500 was raised by a loan, and a repetition of the heroic 
 measures of the year preceding with respect to mileage and per-diem was 
 had, the final result being the repeal of the law granting same. The 
 printing of the proceedings was deferred until better times. 
 
 This year seems to mark the lowest ebb of Grand Chapter. This was 
 due to the unsettled conditions of civil life, the prevalence of war, and the 
 general absorption of public interest by the great political questions of 
 the hour. 
 
 Comp. James H., Hibbard was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1863. 
 
 The convocation of 1863 opened brighter than its immediate prede- 
 cessors. Several dispensations for new chapters had been issued, in- 
 cluding one military chapter; and a petition for a further military chap- 
 ter to be attached to Gen. Grierson's Cavalry Division was presented and 
 the prayer denied. 
 
 It would seem that "substitutes" were permitted in those days, as a 
 resolution prohibiting chapters from exalting less than "three genuine 
 candidates at one and the same time" failed of passage. 
 
 The election resulted in the selection of Comp. H. W. Hubbard as 
 G. H. P. 
 
 1864-5. 
 
 The year 1864 did not vary much from its immediate predecessors. 
 The business of Grand Chapter was meager and strictly routine. The 
 finances were so far recovered as to permit the payment of mileage and 
 per-diem. 
 
 Comp. Wiley M. Egan was elected G. H. P. 
 
 The year 1865 exhibited a decided advance when the Grand Chapter 
 assembled in its sixteenth annual convocation at Springfield. The war 
 was now over and with a general resumption of the arts of peace came 
 a corresponding increase of Masonic interest. The number of dispensa- 
 tions for new chapters greatly exceeded that of any former year in the 
 history of Grand Chapter and throughout the jurisdiction there was 
 evidence of a healthy growth of Royal Arch Masonry. 
 
Masonic History. 15 
 
 The business of the session was brief. The restored finances per- 
 mitted the continuance of the payment of mileage and per-dlem, and 
 from the surplus an appropriation of one hundred dollars was made for 
 the Lincoln Monument Association, a like sum for the Douglas Monu- 
 ment Association, and a like sum for the relief of Comp. A. G. Mackey, 
 of South Carolina, "in consideration of his faithfulness to his Masonic 
 obligations, his contributions, personal attention, medical services, and 
 cordial sympathy in behalf of sick, wounded, and destitute Masons from 
 Illinois, ■ while prisoners at Charleston and beyond the reach of their 
 brethren, relatives and friends." 
 
 On motion of Comp. J. M. Bailey, a special committee was appointed 
 to prepare an appropriate burial service for the use of Royal Arch Ma- 
 sons, with instructions to report at the next annual. The committee did 
 not report at the next annual, however, nor at any succeeding annual. 
 Presumably Grand Chapter became convinced that a funeral service for 
 a chapter was as unnecessary as it was unwise; that the simple yet 
 beautiful ceremony for the interment of a Master Mason, where all dis- 
 tinctions of rank are abolished and all meet on the level, was all-suffi- 
 cient for every need. At all events no report seems to have been called 
 for and' none was made. 
 
 Comp. L. L. Munn was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1866. 
 
 The year 1866 was one of continued prosperity. The number of exal- 
 tations greatly exceeded those of any previous year, while dispensations 
 were issued for the creation of seventeen new chapters. The returns 
 showed that a very large number of chapters were employing "substi- 
 tutes," whereupon such practice was declared irregular and by resolution 
 the conferring of the Royal Arch Degree "on less than three actual can- 
 didates at a time" was expressly forbidden. This continued to be the 
 rule until 1899. 
 
 Comp. O. H. Miner was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1867. 
 
 The year 1867 was marked by a healthy growth both in membership 
 and new chapters, eleven dispensations having been issued for the latter. 
 
 Up to this time no "work" had ever been formally adopted as the 
 authorized lectures of Grand Chapter. The work then in use throughout 
 the jurisdiction was substantially that prepared by a committee of the 
 General Grand Chapter in 1859, but this work had never received the 
 formal sanction even of the body for which it had been prepared. To 
 secure a uniformity of ritual and substantial conformity to a standard, a 
 committee, consisting of Comps. Hubbard, Munn, Egan, Miner and Pear- 
 son, was appointed "to determine the work of this Grand Chapter and 
 prepare a manual of constitutions, laws, forms and ceremonies, for the 
 use and guidance of the Chapters under its jurisdiction." 
 
 The returns this year disclosed the fact that certain chapters had 
 omitted the P. M. degree in the advancement of candidates, conferring 
 the M. E. immediately after that of M. M. It was presumed this had 
 
16 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 been done only In cases where the candidate was already an actual Past 
 Master, for at this time no Master could assume the chair of a symbolic 
 lodge until he had been invested with the P. M. degree; but Grand Chap- 
 ter decided to make the matter sure and by resolution all candidates 
 were required to receive the P. M. degree before advancement to the M. E. 
 
 About this time there was much dissatisfaction throughout the 
 country with respect to the General Grand Chapter. The matter came 
 before Grand Chapter in a series of resolutions looking toward a release 
 of allegiance and a severance of relations with the former body, but no 
 action was taken. Two hundred dollars was donated to relieve an old 
 and infirm brother. Chapters employing "substitutes" were again warned 
 to desist, under penalty of forfeiture of charter. 
 
 Comp. G. W. Liininger was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1868. 
 
 The increase and general prosperity of the year 1868 was in advance 
 of all prior years. Seventeen new chapters were organized under dis- 
 pensation. 
 
 The Committee on "Work" submitted a report, which was adopted; 
 and the lectures which were reported at that time remained in use as the 
 standard ritual of the jurisdiction until the year 1899, when they were 
 supplanted by the authorized ritual of the General Grand Chapter. Two 
 weeks were devoted to the preparation of the report by the committee, 
 during which time they examined "almost" every system of work then 
 practiced in the State and of several other jurisdictions, the merits of 
 which were discussed and considered. The result of their labors was 
 the "Black-Hawk" lectures, a compilation which the committee confi- 
 dently reported "will stand the test for all time." Of the zeal, learning 
 and ability of the committee there can be no question, and of the three 
 members who are still with us time has only deepened our respect; yet 
 it is just among the possibilities that the system which they reported 
 may be susceptible of improvement. The experience of two hundred years 
 in the manufacture of rituals is not favorable to any system standing the 
 test of twenty-five years, much less "for all time." At this writing (July, 
 1900) a new and untried system, promulgated by the General Grand 
 Chapter, is in force, but whether it is superior to the old article that for 
 thirty years did service in this jurisdiction, remains to be seen. 
 
 Subordinate Chapters were by resolution directed to "purge them- 
 selves of intemperance and profanity," under penalty of arrest of char- 
 ter; candidates were "required" to pass an examination in open chapter 
 before being advanced; petitioners were required to state whether they 
 had ever before petitioned for the degrees; and the Grand Treasurer was 
 directed to invest the surplus, ?4,000, in Government bonds. How far 
 these requirements have all been carried out those familiar with this 
 branch of Masonry can tell. Thirty dollars was made the minimum sum 
 for the degrees. 
 
 Comp. James H. Miles was elected G. H. P. 
 
Masonic History. 17 
 
 1869. 
 
 The annual convocation of 1869 was held at Springfield. The year 
 had been peaceful and fairly prosperous. The new work having heen 
 promulgated, the office of Grand Lecturer was left vacant as being, in 
 the opinion of the G. H. P. "an unnecessary and expensive appendage," 
 and that, "the published work being in the hands of the several High 
 Priests throughout the jurisdiction," they would thus be enabled "to 
 constitute themselves lecturers of their own Chapters, if they desired so 
 to do." Apparently Grand Chapter held the same views, but only those 
 who, like the writer, have spent long and weary hours pondering over 
 that masterpiece of "Choctaw" composition known as the "History of 
 the Black-Hawk "War," are in position to state how thoroughly a High 
 Priest may be his own lecturer after a perusal of that' document. If the 
 "old residents of the Military Reservation" had designed their work as 
 a new and refined instrument of torture they could not have succeeded 
 better. 
 
 About this time Grand Chapter commenced the practice, which it has 
 since regularly observed, of giving to each of its presiding officers, on 
 his retirement, an official jewel; the first to receive the honor of this 
 decoration being the authors of the "History of the Black-Hawk War." 
 After an unsuccessful search for a jewel indicative of past rank in Grand 
 Chapter, the ordinary insignia of a P. H. P. of a Chapter was selected, to 
 which was added a mitre, as a mark of increased honor. This was form- 
 ally adopted as the official jewel of the jurisdiction, and has since re- 
 mained in use. 
 
 Comp. John M. Pearson was elected G. H. P. 
 
 Grand Chapter had now been in existence twenty years. At the 
 time of its organization Freemasonry was just beginning to resume its 
 old time popularity; the "higher degrees" were commencing to attract 
 notice, and the old anti-Masonic prejudice was dying out. The State was 
 emerging from its pioneer condition and the people were emulous of the 
 manners and customs of the Eastern States. All the conditions, there- 
 fore, were favorable to rapid and healthy growth. The few obstacles 
 which intervened during the early years were soon overcome, and at the 
 completion of its second decade Grand Chapter found itself in affiuent 
 circumstances with a large and constantly increasing list of constituents. 
 There were at this time 138 chapters working under charter, with an ag- 
 gregate membership of 7,581 Royal Arch Masons. The treasury showed 
 a cash balance of $12,234.23, of which upwards of $4,000 was invested in 
 Government bonds. 
 
 1870. 
 
 The twenty-first annual convocation was held at Chicago, October 7, 
 1870, and since then the annual session has been held each year in the 
 same city. 
 
18 Semi-Centennial Soxjvenir. 
 
 Notwithstanding that the published work was in the hands of the 
 High Priests of constituent chapters, it was still deemed necessary to 
 have some "skilled workman" act as instructor, for we find Grand Chap- 
 ter adopting the following: 
 
 Resolved, That the M. E. Grand High Priest appoint a Grand In- 
 spector of the work in this jurisdiction for the ensuing year, with in- 
 structions to proceed from Chapter to Chapter, and correct errors in 
 phraseology, the manner of communicating lectures, and to see that the 
 mode of working be uniform in all the Chapters; for which service he 
 shall be paid the sum of twelve hundred dollars, and his expenses shall 
 be paid by the Grand Chapter. 
 
 It does not seem, however, that this resolution was acted upon, or 
 that such "Inspector" was appointed. 
 
 About this time there was again much dissatisfaction with the meth- 
 ods, operation and practical workings of the General Grand Chapter. 
 Several States, exclusive of those which seceded from the National Union, 
 had during the decade preceding withdrawn their allegiance, and Illinois 
 now seemed ready to join the disaffected sisterhood. A motion to with- 
 draw from the alliance was presented, but failed to pass. The sentiment, 
 however, was favorable to a dissolution of the General Grand, and in 
 pursuance thereof the following resolution was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the Representatives of this M. E. Grand Chapter to the 
 M. E. General Grand Chapter of the United States be instructed to advo- 
 cate and vote for the dissolution of the same. 
 
 From the time of its organization until this year Grand Chapter had 
 been a satellite of Grand Lodge, meeting immediately before or after 
 that body and always at the same place. The time consumed by the 
 two bodies, as well as those which also met in conjunction with them, 
 was greater than many of the representatives cared to devote to the 
 purpose. It was also thought that a more complete disassociation would 
 be beneficial to both bodies in many ways; accordingly it was decided to 
 hold the annual convocation toward the end of the month instead of at 
 the beginning, as had been the custom theretofore, and the "first Thurs- 
 day after the fourth Tuesday in October" was the day selected. This 
 provision has ever since continued in force. 
 
 Comp. Augustus A. Murray was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1871. 
 
 The convocation of 1871 presents nothing of special permanent in- 
 terest. The representatives to the General Grand Chapter disregarded 
 their instructions when they attended that body and became convinced 
 that it was a good thing to keep same intact; to all of which Grand 
 Chapter assented. 
 
 Comp. James A. Hawley was elected G. H. P. 
 
 Immediately after the close of the annual session occurred the famous 
 "Chicago Fire." To relieve the distress occasioned by that event the G 
 H. P. (Comp. Hawley) called upon the craft to bring forward their offer- 
 
Masonic History. 19 
 
 ings and at the same time appointed a committee, consisting of Comps. 
 W. M. Egan, James H. Miles and R. H. Foss, to receive and disburse the 
 contributions sent in. The report of this committee showed total re- 
 ceipts of $3,404.30. The money, or such of it as was deemed necessary, 
 was employed In the assistance of worthy Royal Arch Masons. 
 
 1872. 
 The convocation of 1872 was the first held under the rule providing 
 for a later date than had previously been the custom. The transactions 
 were routine and of temporary importance only; $500 was appropriated 
 "to purchase suitable jewels and regalia." At the convocation of 1871 
 a committee on lectures was appointed, but with no specific definition of 
 duties disclosed of record. Evidently the committee found nothing to 
 do, for at this session it presented the following report and was dis- 
 charged: 
 
 Your Committee on Lectures, appointed at the last Convocation, have 
 given the subject such consideration as their opportunities would allow, 
 and respectfully report that they find the subject one fraught with many 
 difficulties, and that in their opinion, with the work now promulgated in 
 this jurisdiction, and the monitors published by Eminent Companions, 
 there really exists no pressing need of any system of lectures more than 
 we now have, and recommend no action in the case, and asked to be dis- 
 charged from any further consideration of the subject. 
 
 Comp. A. W. Blakesley was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1873. 
 
 The year 1873 found the chapters in a prosperous and healthy condi- 
 tion, but nothing transpired to engage the historian's pen and the year 
 closed in peace. The proceedings of the annual convocation were strictly 
 routine. 
 
 Comp. Geo. B. Lounsbury was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1874. 
 
 The convocation of 1874 marked the twenty-fifth year of the organ- 
 ized existence of Grand Chapter. During this period it had grown from 
 feeble infancy to lusty youth, with no set-backs or other depressing in- 
 cidents to mar its symmetrical development. Peace and prosperity had 
 been Its attendants, and as a result the returns showed 152 active chap- 
 ters, with a total membership of 10,430. 
 
 Wm. A. J. Delancey was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1875-6. 
 
 The convocation of 1875 presented nothing of special interest at this 
 time. Comp. Haswell C. Clarke was elected G. H. P. He was succeeded 
 at the convocation of 1876 by Comp. Arthur R. H. Atkins. 
 
 1877. 
 
 At the convocation of 1877 Grand Chapter was again confronted with 
 a deficit. For several years In fact the expenses had exceeded the re- 
 ceipts and a reduction in taxation had brought the income to a point 
 where it failed to meet expenses. To remedy this condition of affairs 
 the per-capita tax was Increased and a loan of $1,500 negotiated to tide 
 
20 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 over until the next harvest. A proposition to charter chapters to work 
 in the German language was considered and rejected. The present divi- 
 sion of the jurisdiction into districts was made and assigned to the Grand 
 officers. 
 
 During this year occurred the famous "merger" of the Council de- 
 grees. This consisted practically of a dispensation from the Grand Council 
 to the constituent chapters of the Grand Chapter to organize councils 
 and confer the degrees. The constitution of Grand Chapter was so 
 amended as to permit of this, and the new order of things was accomplished 
 in a very easy and simple manner. As this episode forms a part of the 
 history of the Grand Council the subject will not be further considered 
 in this connection. 
 
 Comp. James C. McMurty was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1878. 
 
 The only special feature of the convocation of 1878 was the legislation 
 necessary to carry out in a constitutional manner the conferring of the 
 Council degrees under the authority of Grand Chapter. 
 
 Comp. John D. Hamilton was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1879-80. 
 
 The year 1879 was one of peace and apparently of prosperity. The 
 proceedings were strictly routine. 
 
 Comp. Samuel W. Waddle was elected G. H. P. 
 
 The reports of the officers at the session of 1880 displayed a gratify- 
 ing condition of harmony throughout the jurisdiction, with no cause of 
 grievance of a sufficiently serious character to require the attention of 
 Grand Chapter. Comps. L. R. Jerome and Henry G. Perry were admitted 
 to "honorary" membership. Both of these worthies have since passed "be- 
 yond the veils," venerable with years and long service. The question of 
 "honorary" membership in a representative body is one which must be left 
 to the jurists of the craft to determine; but these companions, the only 
 ones ever thus honored, were received in pursuance of a law of the body. 
 At all events Grand Chapter was not without precedent, for Grand Lodge 
 upon one occasion had done the same thing. 
 
 A resolution was introduced to discontinue the practice of granting 
 testimonial jewels to retiring officers, and on being put to passage was 
 adopted; but before the session closed the representatives relented, re- 
 pealed the resolution, and presented to Comp. Waddle on retirement the 
 usual testimonial of "a beautiful Past Grand High Priest's Jewel." At 
 this session was inaugurated the initial legislation giving to the G. H. P. 
 a salary which was fixed at $100. The sum has since been increased to 
 |400; but, in view of the time and labor now demanded from the presiding 
 officer, even this sum is scarcely adequate. 
 
 Comp. Silas 0. Vaughan was elected G. H. P. 
 
 The question as to the value or expediency of Cryptic consolidation 
 was now again being discussed. The plan had not worked as well as 
 
Masonic History. 21 
 
 had been anticipated, nor had it been adopted in many parts of the 
 country. During this year a new element of strength had been added to 
 the Council by the formation of a league of Grand Councils, known as 
 the General Grand Council, and pressure was being brought to bear upon 
 the merging Grand Chapters to discontinue their further protectorate 
 over the Cryptic degrees. The principal reason advanced by the pro- 
 moters of the merger movement was, its economy in obviating the ex- 
 pense of maintaining the Cryptic organizations In councils and Grand 
 Councils; but while this may have been an important factor of the 
 movement in the State where it originated it was harldy worthy of 
 serious consideration in Illinois. Nor had the plan worked well merely 
 from the "preservative" point of view, for the degrees, having no very 
 responsible management, were becoming lost sight of in the chapters, and 
 so the leaders began to suggest the propriety of a return to the old ways. 
 
 1881. 
 
 The convocation of 1881 found the general condition of Capitular 
 Masonry throughout the State more vigorous and healthy than at any 
 time since the organization of Grand Chapter. There were now 171 con- 
 stituent chapters on the rolls and the majority seemed to be doing well. 
 The present rule limiting the commissions of Grand Representatives near 
 other Grand Chapters to three years from date of issue was established. 
 
 The matter of relinquishment of control of the Council degrees was 
 presented, and it was: 
 
 Resolved, That a Committee of five be appointed by this Grand 
 Chapter to confer with a like Committee from the Grand Council as to 
 the best disposition to be made of the Council degrees, and that they 
 report to this Grand Chapter at the next Annual Convocation. 
 
 Comp. John P. Norvell was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1882. 
 
 At the convocation of 1882 a communication was received from the 
 Grand Council asking Grand Chapter to take such steps as it might deem 
 necessary to recommit the degrees of Royal and Select Master to their 
 original custody. At the same time the special committee raised by the 
 resolution of 1881 reported back that they had carefully considered the 
 matter referred to them in conference with a like committee appointed 
 by the Grand Council; that it was the earnest desire of the Grand Council 
 to again resume control of the degrees, and in furtherance of such desire 
 the committee recommended the repeal of such parts of the Constitution 
 as should leave it in the same condition as it was in the year 1877. The 
 practical effect of the proposed amendment would be to eliminate all refer- 
 ence to the Council degrees. The committee further recommend the 
 adoption of the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That on and after January 1, 1883, the Chapters of this 
 jurisdiction cease to confer the Council degrees, and that the Grand Coun- 
 cil be requested to take such action in reference thereto as they may 
 deem proper, and that the Grand High Priest issue his edict to that effect. 
 
22 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 The report was referred to the Committee on Jurisprudence, which 
 approved the recommendations of the special committee, and Grand 
 Chapter concurred. 
 
 A resolution was offered by Comp. E. C. Pace directed to the Com- 
 mittee on Jurisprudence and Inquiring by what authority the esoteric 
 work of the lodge is used by the chapters; but the committee, after cog- 
 itating upon the matter for a year decided that the subject was so in- 
 separably connected with the "legends of the misty past" that they could 
 throw no light upon it. 
 
 Comp. Samuel Shannon was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1883. 
 
 The session of 1883 presents nothing of importance. The last links 
 that bound the Council degrees were severed and William L. Orr was 
 elected G. H. P. 
 
 1884. 
 
 At the convocation of 1884 the G. H. P. (Comp. Orr) recommended, 
 
 "That this Grand Chapter select a competent companion to prepare a 
 history of this Grand Chapter, from the date of its organization to the 
 present time. I deem it a matter of necessity and great importance, as 
 many of those who were conversant with the organization and early his- 
 tory of this body have passed away, and ere long all will be gone. It will 
 be of great value and benefit to the present and coming generations of the 
 Royal Craft that this history be compiled." 
 
 It is much to be regretted that the recommendation did not meet the 
 concurrence of Grand Chapter. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons of England was extending 
 its "colonial possessions" just about this time, and, it seems, had char- 
 tered lodges within the territorial jurisdiction of the Grand Chapter of 
 Quebec. For this alleged invasion the G. H. P. was directed to issue his 
 edict interdicting all fraternal communication with the Grand Mark 
 Lodge of England until Quebec should signify that the difficulty had 
 been adjusted. Presumably this was all right. Indeed, as Grand Chapter 
 had said it, then it must be all right; but as a matter of fact the Mark 
 Lodges, controlled by the Grand Mark Lodge of England, are about as 
 little related to American Capitular Masonry as are the chapters of that 
 Scottish exotic known as Royal Ark Mariners. If identity of degree — ■ 
 lectures, ceremonies, etc. — is to form the basis of jurisdictional rights 
 and not mere similarity or even Identity of names, then the Grand Mark 
 Lodge of England might plant bodies of its obedience in Illinois without 
 in any way invading the jurisdiction. The Mark degree of the American 
 system, beautiful and impressive though It may be, is not the old Mark 
 degree so long preserved and worked in the North England and Scottish 
 lodges. 
 
 As in religion the worshiper too often forgets the thing symbolized 
 and worships merely the symbol, so in Masonry the form too often hides 
 the substance, and men pay reverence to the letter and Ignore the spirit. 
 Upon several occasions this fact has become unpleasantly manifest in 
 Illinois. An impression prevails in certain of the Masonic circles that 
 
Masonic History. 23 
 
 Masonry consists of degrees and a governmental hierarchy of some kind. 
 The extremists confine these degrees to three in number, the government 
 and superintendence of which is vested in the Symbolic Lodge. But with 
 these views the writer cannot agree; for, if his conception is right, Ma- 
 sonry does not consist of degrees at all. Degrees are but convenient 
 subdivisions of the general subject which may be compressed into one 
 degree or expanded into one hundred. But, then, others think differ- 
 ently, as they have a perfect right to do, and not Infrequently these per- 
 sons are men of brilliant minds and strong aggressive intellects. The 
 late Comp. T. T. Gurney was one, and at this session (1884) he discussed 
 his views in the report on Correspondence, asserting that the Royal Arch 
 Chapter was not a "duly constituted Masonic body." Thereupon Comp. 
 Wm. E. Ginther offered the following: 
 
 Resolved, That all that part of the Report of the Committee on Cor- 
 respondence, expressing the opinion that our Masonry is not legitimate, 
 and that the Chapter is not regular and duly constituted, be and is hereby 
 emphatically rejected, — 
 
 Which after debate was made a special order for a later hour. This 
 brought up the subject broached by Comp. Pace two years before with 
 reference to the use of the esotery of the lodge in chapter ceremonials, 
 and Comp. D. C. Cregier presented the following, which was referred to 
 the Committee on Jurisprudence: 
 
 Whereas, This Grand Chapter is the only source of authority and 
 exercises exclusive jurisdiction in all matters pertaining to Capitular 
 Masonry in the State of Illinois; and 
 
 Whereas, This declaration includes the possession of, exclusive author- 
 ity over, and control and custody of, all and every one of the esoteric and 
 exoteric ceremonies and rituals pertaining to the several degrees of Mark 
 Master, Past Master, Most Excellent Master and Royal Arch; and 
 
 Whereas, These claims are essential to and consistent with the sov- 
 ereign powers and dignity of this Grand Chapter, as well as to other 
 bodies of Masons; therefore. 
 
 Resolved, That the M. E. Grand Chapter of the State of Illinois hereby 
 interdicts the use or practice of any of the esoteric ceremonies or rituals, 
 pertaining to any of the degrees over which it has jurisdiction, by any 
 companion of its obedience, in any Masonic body or organization of Ma- 
 sons, other than this Grand Chapter or the constituent chapters under 
 its jurisdiction; and be it further 
 
 Resolved, That the use or practice of any esoteric ceremony or ritual 
 pertaining to any Masonic body or organization of Masons, or of any degree 
 or degrees of Masonry, other than that of M. M., P. M., M. E. M. and R. A., 
 are hereby interdicted in this Grand Chapter and in every constituent chap- 
 ter under its jurisdiction; and be it further 
 
 Resolved, That any companion violating any of the mandates herein 
 specified shall be subject to discipline therefor. 
 
 The committee, having duly considered the matter found it too heavy 
 to carry, and therefore gracefully deposited same in this manner: 
 
 Your Committee on Jurisprudence, to whom were referred the preamble 
 and resolutions offered by Ex. Companions Cregier and Ginther respect- 
 ively, fraternally report that at the last Convocation of this Grand Body, 
 your committee reported on a resolution offered by Ex. Comp. Pace, which 
 resolution involved the same questions, in part, as are involved in the 
 resolution now under consideration; that an intelligent report would 
 
24 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 involve an investigation amongst the legends and history of the Craft, 
 which would, in all probability, force the committee to the conclusion that 
 they could throw no light on the subject. Your committee feel, however, 
 that the time has now arrived when the controversies growing out of the 
 discussion of the subject matter of these resolutions must be met and 
 definitely decided. We are of the opinion that, to give perfect and entire 
 satisfaction to the Royal Craft in this Grand Jurisdiction, the decision, 
 whatever it may be, shall be reached only after a careful, thorough and 
 exhaustive consideration of the subject in all its bearings, not only as to 
 the merits of the case, but also as to its effect on Capitular and Ancient 
 Craft Masonry, and, recognizing the amount of labor and research neces- 
 sary to arrive at a clear and satisfactory understanding, we recommend 
 that the whole subject be referred to a committee of five members of this 
 Grand Chapter, with instructions to report at the next annual Grand Con- 
 vocation. 
 
 When the hour for the special order arrived it precipitated a lengthy 
 debate, until finally Comp. Pearson offered the following resolution, which 
 was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the resolutions of Comp. William E. Ginther, together 
 with the subject matter of the Report on Correspondence, be referred to 
 the Special Committee, already raised, who have under consideration the 
 resolutions of Comp. D. C. Cregler, to report at the next annual convoca- 
 tion; and that in the meantime the Report on Correspondence be printed 
 with the proceedings of this Convocation. 
 
 Comp. John A. Ladd was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1885. 
 
 The convocation of 1885 presents little of permanent interest aside 
 from the disposition of the special matters raised by the correspondence 
 report of the year preceding and the resolutions which same called forth. 
 The special committee held sessions during the recess, at which, it seems, 
 the parties directly interested were present, and after a full and careful 
 consideration of the questions involved, the investigation and comparison 
 of authorities and a free discussion of all controverted points, formulated 
 its conclusions in the premises. At the session of 1885 these conclusions 
 were presented, through its chairman, John M. Pearson, as follows: 
 
 The degree of R. A. M. has no existence in Masonic history prior to 
 the "revival" of A. D. 1717. If conferred at all prior to this, it probably 
 was received as the conclusion of the Master's degree. Shortly after this 
 date, however, we find historic mention of it — about the middle of the last 
 century it appears to have been authorized by the Grand Lodge of England 
 and in 1813 duly recognized by the United Grand Lodge of England. 
 
 Since this last date all Grand Lodges have acquiesced in the relation- 
 ship and some have specially endorsed it- in terms. On the other hand, no 
 Grand Lodge has ever taken offense at, or endeavored to cut off the rela- 
 tionship, or imposed any restrictions relative thereto. 
 
 Surely the weight of all the history we have, is almost entirely in 
 favor of maintaining the present friendly connection. 
 
 The committee wishes to add a few words relative to the propriety of 
 the present position occupied by this Grand Chapter. 
 
 Freemasonry is defined by some of our best scholars as "a progressive 
 moral science," illustrating moral truths by familiar symbols, — Your com- 
 mittee believes that to this "progressive" idea we owe much of our success, 
 and power. 
 
Masonic History. 25 
 
 The foundation of all lies in the first three degrees, just as the foun- 
 dation of mathematics lies in its definitions and the four fundamental 
 rules; yet no one will claim that the science of mathematics is concluded 
 by these first rules, while all allow that no operation can be performed 
 without their use. So with the chapter and symbolic lodge. In all the 
 years no occasion of offense has arisen. The lodge has not felt that it 
 was wronged and the chapter has not abused its privileges. Your commit- 
 tee believes that both have benefited thereby. 
 
 The general "consensus" of the craft agrees with this. It would be 
 diflScult to find a R. A. M. upon whom the chapter degrees were duly con- 
 ferred, who does not at once confess and believe that there is an "intimate 
 connection" between ancient craft Masonry and the H. R. A. and the 
 Master Masons of the whole country universally believe this. If there be 
 an exception it is not among our younger men — who appear generally to 
 be contented — but only among those, fond of technicalities and specula- 
 tions, which, in the opinion of your committee, would result in damage 
 to our whole Masonic fabric. 
 
 This leads to the consideration of what evils would naturally follow 
 if the resolutions presented by Comp. Cregier should be adopted and en- 
 forced. All branches of the order would lose the benefit of the idea of 
 "progression" mentioned before. 
 
 There would be no further search for more light, none could be given. 
 The tale would be told, at the start. Each branch of our order must stand 
 alone and so further lose the force of association that to most of us is very 
 dear. 
 
 Time, in all probability, would lessen and finally dissolve even the 
 semblance of connection. 
 
 Our system of work must be reorganized — all traces of kindly refer- 
 ence to Ancient Craft Masonry must be effaced. This, to be sure, would 
 not impair the work of the symbolic lodge, but it would sorely lessen the 
 force and beauty of our beautiful ritual. 
 
 Furthermore, — this matter of "work" and "uniformity of work" is con- 
 ceded (very generally) to be under the control of the General Grand Chap- 
 ter of the United States of America, and to their outline of plan our very 
 complete ritual now conforms, — any radical change would conflict with 
 this almost universal custom and put all R. A. Masons in our State "with- 
 out the pale," as regards other Grand Chapters. 
 
 In short, the committee sees no good reason why the above resolutions, 
 as offered by Comp. D. C. Cregier, should be adopted, and therefore respect- 
 fully reports back the same, with the recommendation "that they do not 
 pass." 
 
 We respectfully report back the resolution offered by E. Comp. Ginther, 
 with a substitute therefor, and recommend that the substitute do pass, — 
 to-wit: 
 
 Resolved, That in the opinion of this Grand Chapter there exists an 
 intimate connection between Ancient Craft Masonry and the august degree 
 of the Holy Royal Arch; that we do not endorse any expression, or impli- 
 cation, or influence, by any member, or officer, of this Grand body, that 
 seems to deny the Masonic character of our order; that we will, by all 
 honorable means, strive to maintain and perpetuate the present intimate, 
 friendly and mutually profitable relations that have always existed and 
 now exist between the M. W. Grand Lodge A. F. & A. M. of the State of 
 Illinois and this Grand R. A. Chapter. 
 
 On motion the report was received, adopted and the recommendations 
 concurred in. This practically closed the question of the severance of 
 Symbolic and Capitular Masonry, and for fifteen years past but little has 
 been heard upon the subject. Occasionally some zealous brother ventures 
 to suggest that the Royal Arch is not a Masonic degree, and the few 
 
26 Semi-Centexxial Souvenir. 
 
 extremists still contend that all true Masonry Is confined to the Masters' 
 Lodge, but, by the majority of the craft, this is now regarded as a heresy. 
 The true doctrine, as it appears to the writer, is correctly stated by the 
 committee.* 
 
 At the time the affair produced a ripple of excitement in Royal Arch 
 circles, which extended from Maine to California. All eyes were turned on 
 Illinois, and the outcome of the "revolutionary" movement was anxiously 
 awaited. The result was received with satisfaction on all sides. As an 
 indication of how the movement was regarded elsewhere the subjoined 
 excerpt from the pen of J. H. Drummond, of Maine, one of the highest 
 Masonic authorities in the country, may not be out of place nor without 
 interest: 
 
 While the particular portions of the report to which reference is made 
 are not indicated, we presume that they are the portions which sustain 
 the resolutions introduced by Comp. Cregier. These resolutions are the 
 logical result of the heresy originated by Comp. Gurney, that Chapters, 
 Councils and Commanderies, as now constituted, are not Masonic bodies. 
 The argument Is, "These bodies are not Masonic bodies, and therefore can 
 not rightfully use Masonic rituals." He and Comp. Cregier have reversed 
 the argument and the conclusion; the fact is, they do use, and rightfully. 
 Masonic rituals, and, therefore, are Masonic bodies. 
 
 The position that Chapters, Councils and Commanderies are merely 
 organizations composed of Masons, and thus on a level with Masonic Relief 
 Associations, Veteran Associations, and the like. Is directly in conflict with 
 the history of the Institution from its earliest organization. We regard 
 the attempt to deprive Chapters of their Masonic character, and the right 
 to use Masonic rituals, precisely as we would an attempt to confiscate 
 their property, or to deprive them of any other thing to which they have 
 a right equal to that of the lodge. We hold, and history shows, that the 
 Chapter has the same right to use portions of the lodge work as the lodge 
 has, and it would be no more presumptuous for the Chapter to forbid the 
 lodge to use them than it would be for the lodge to forbid the Chapter to 
 use them. The same remark applies as between the Chapter and Com- 
 mandery. The action of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts in fixing a 
 limit to the use of rituals, has been very sharply criticised, but the proposed 
 action of Illinois goes infinitely further. The criticisms of Illinois, how- 
 ever, have been consistent with her proposed action. 
 
 The chapter was organized as a continuation of blue Masonry, and 
 the Council and Commandery were organized as continuations of Capitular 
 Masonry. The fundamental idea of each was that it, and the degrees 
 upon which it was founded, are one system, each portion, however, govern- 
 ing its own degrees. None save a Master Mason could be a Royal Arch 
 Mason; as a necessity, he must prove himself in open Chapter to be a 
 
 • Discussing the nature and relation of the Royal Arch degree, the learned Dr. 
 Mackey says: "As an independent degree, given under a distinct jurisdiction and fur- 
 nished wltli a separate but appropriate ritual. It is undoubtedly a modem degree, of 
 comparatively recent establlslunent; but as a complement of the Master Mason's order, 
 as supplying the deficiency of that degree in Masonic symbolism, It is, and of course 
 must be, as old as the organization of which it forms so important and so necessary 
 a part. The third degree is a symbolic memorial of events which took place at the 
 first temple. The Royal Arch is equally a symbolic memorial of events that occurred 
 at the second, and as the one would be incomplete without the other, we have every 
 reason to suppose that each was adopted at the earliest period of the modern organ- 
 ization of Freemasonry as a memorial system. Indeed they must go together. The 
 Royal Arch is the cape-stone of the Masonic edifice, but the third degree is its foun- 
 dation, and without the presence of both the building would be incomplete. The Royal 
 Arch Is absolutely necessary to the perfection of the Master's degree as a science of 
 symbolism, and the latter cannot be understood without the developments of the 
 former. They are the first and second volumes of a continuous history, and the 
 absence of either would mutilate the work." 
 
Masonic History. 27 
 
 Master Mason; as a consequence, the Chapter must know the essential 
 qualifications of a Master Mason, and itself teach them to those of its 
 members who may have forgotten them. The Chapter was organized as 
 a Masonic body, using certain portions of the ritual of the lodge, one of 
 its main objects being to give more light upon matters taught in the lodge. 
 This was perfectly well known in the lodge, which not only acquiesced, 
 but admitted the claims of the Chapter; more than this, it surrendered 
 portions of two of its degrees to become two degrees of the Chapter. 
 From the beginning the Lodge and Chapter have walked side by side upon 
 this foundation, the Lodge recognizing the Chapter as a Masonic body, 
 and entitled to use its rituals in accordance with the common system and 
 the Chapter recognizing the exclusive power of the Lodge over its own 
 members, and the Lodge itself as the foundation of the Chapter. The 
 same is true of the relations between the Chapter and the Commandery. 
 It may be true that the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter of Illinois have 
 never expressly committed themselves to this doctrine (although we have 
 no doubt they both have), it was the fundamental law of the craft when 
 they were formed, and it is as binding on them as upon all other Masons. 
 
 We regard the resolutions as revolutionary, and if they are adopted, 
 and the Chapters forbidden to require or use the fundamental tests of 
 eligibility of candidates, we do not perceive how the Chapters under her 
 obedience can be regarded as regular Chapters of Royal Arch Masons. 
 
 Comp. John O'Neill was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1886. 
 
 The convocation of 1886 was uneventful. Peace and harmony prevailed 
 while the returns showed that the Royal Craft throughout the jurisdiction 
 was in a prosperous and flourishing condition. The business transacted 
 was mainly of a routine character. The old proposition of a "history" 
 was still in abeyance, but the G. H. P. (Comp. O'Neill) offered a valuable 
 contribution thereto in the shape of a number of carefully prepared statis- 
 tical tables. The work is not only a monument to the zeal and industry of 
 the G. H. P., but a lasting benefit to the craft generally and the Masonic 
 student in particular. 
 
 Comp. Geo. W. Curtiss was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1887. 
 
 The year 1887 witnessed no interruption of the peace and harmony 
 which had long characterized the internal affairs of the jurisdiction or 
 the relations of Grand Chapter with foreign bodies. The reports of the 
 officers showed that the year, while not one of great activity, had been 
 productive of sound and healthy growth. 
 
 At the convocation of 1884 Comp. J. R. Wilkins introduced a resolution 
 relative to the keeping of a "lodge book of marks" by the constituent 
 chapters — which was not acted upon. A year later the G. H. P. (Comp. 
 ,Ladd) again directed attention to the subject, resulting in its reference 
 to a special committee, but without results. At the convocation of 1886 
 a further resolution relating to same was introduced, as was also an 
 amendment to the By-Laws, and at this session (1887) Comp. Curtiss once 
 more called upon Grand Chapter to take some action thereon. Being thus 
 pushed the representatives finally gave the matter serious consideration 
 and on motion of Comp. Thomas Austin the following was adopted as a 
 standing resolution: 
 
28 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 Resolved, That each subordinate chapter in this Grand Jurisdiction 
 forthwith provide itself with a "Book of Marks," which shall be in the 
 lodge whenever the Mark Master Degree is conferred; that its use be 
 explained to every candidate upon his advancement and the request made 
 that he choose a "Mark" and record the same therein, either then, or pre- 
 vious to receiving the Royal Arch Degree. 
 
 Resolved, That all Royal Arch Masons members of chapters in this 
 jurisdiction, who have not already adopted and recorded "Marks" be 
 requested to do so at once.* 
 
 Comp. P. W. Barclay was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1888. 
 
 At the session of 1888 the G. H. P. (Comp. Barclay) reported the condi- 
 tion of the Royal Craft as not only peaceful and harmonious but prosper- 
 ous, beyond his most sanguine expectations. The business of the session 
 was routine and of temporary interest only. As usual the grievance com- 
 mittee had no complaint to hear or wrongs to redress. 
 
 Comp. Sylvester 0. Spring was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1889. 
 
 The convocation of 1889 marked the fortieth year of the organized 
 existence of Grand Chapter and found the craft enjoying the same fra- 
 ternal relations as had characterized same for so many years preceding. 
 If the historian is unable to find any stirring incidents he at least may 
 notice a kind act, the donating of ?1,000 to the Illinois Masonic Orphans' 
 Home. This, however, was only one of the many benefactions of a similar 
 nature which this truly fraternal body has bestowed upon the same bene- 
 ficiary. 
 
 Comp. Joseph E. Dyas was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1890. 
 
 The convocation of 1890 differed in no material respect from those of 
 its immediate predecessors. The reports and returns showed a degree of 
 health, activity and general prosperity never before attained in the history 
 of Grand Chapter. 
 
 Comp. E. C. Pace was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1891. 
 
 The only question of moment before the convocation of 1891 was the 
 oft-mooted subject of "substitutes." Much pressure was exerted to repeal 
 
 * The Mark, whose peculiar use is practically exemplified In the fourth degree. Is 
 the appropriate jewel ot a Mark Master. It is generally made of gold or silver, 
 usually of the former metal, but may be of stone, and must be In the form of a key- 
 stone. On the obverse or front surface the device or "mark" selected by the owner 
 must be engraved, within a circle composed of the following letters: H. T. W. S. S. T. 
 K. S. On the reverse or posterior surface the name of the owner, the name of his 
 chapter, and the date of his advancement, may be inscribed, although this is not abso- 
 lutely necessary. The "mark" consists of the device and surrounding inscription on 
 the obverse. 
 
 It is not requisite that the device or mark should be ot a strictly Masonic character, 
 although Masonic emblems are frequently selected in preference to other subjects. As 
 soon as adopted it should be drawn or described in a book kept by the chapter for that 
 purpose, and It is then said to be "recorded in the Book of Marks," after which time 
 it can never be changed by the possessor for any other, or altered in the slightest 
 degree, but remains as his "mark" to the day of his death. 
 
Masonic History. 29 
 
 the old regulation, but Grand Chapter, in view of past experience and 
 present conditions, concluded that it was inexpedient to make any 
 changes. 
 
 Comp. Jacob Krohn was elected Grand High Priest. 
 
 1892-4. 
 
 The session of 1892 was strictly routine. Comp. Richard T. Higgins 
 was elected G. H. P. The session of 1893 resulted in the choice of J. "W. 
 Hutchinson as High Priest, and at the session of 1894 William L. Milligan 
 was elected to that dignity. 
 
 1895. 
 
 The session of 1895 marked the forty-sixth annual convocation of 
 Grand Chapter. The proceedings were of a routine character, and Comp. 
 Geo. M. Moulton was elected G. H. P. The returns show that at the time 
 of this convocation there were 186 active chapters in the jurisdiction, hav- 
 ing a total membership of 16,414; that of the charters issued since the date 
 of organization, twenty-five had been forfeited or surrendered; and that 
 the cralt was increasing throughout the State at the rate of about 500 a 
 year. The reports of the financial ofiScers disclosed that Grand Chapter 
 had invested in corporate bonds the sum of |7,000; that there was then 
 in the treasury an additional cash balance of |12,653.21, and that the income 
 of the body from all sources was upward of $10,000 per annum. The 
 general condition of the "Royal Craft" was fully up to the standard of 
 former years, while the prospects for the future were never more bright. 
 
 1896. 
 
 The forty-seventh convocation disclosed a continuance of the favorable 
 conditions shown the year preceding, but the minutes exhibit nothing of 
 a startling character. 
 
 Notwithstanding that all High Priests were in possession of the "His- 
 tory of the Black Hawk war," it would yet seem that differences of inter- 
 pretation were common, and in some instances the High Priests were not 
 sufficiently versed in the language in which it was written to comprehend 
 its full import. By virtue of a resolution passed in 1892, the G. H. P. 
 (Comp. Moulton) appointed a Board of Lecturers, consisting of Comps. 
 C. C. Nichols, Frank Hudson and J. L. Waller, and this Board has since 
 been performing the duties of custodians and inspectors of the work. The 
 results seem to have been highly beneficial, but as the new rituals are more 
 open than the history of the late Indian uprising the necessity for such a 
 board has been greatly diminished. 
 
 An effort was made at this session to establish "schools of instruction" 
 similar to those authorized by Grand Lodge, but the committee, to which 
 the matter was referred, reported that the measure was not expedient, and 
 Grand Chapter concurred. 
 
 For some time the question of changes in the authorized lectures had 
 been agitated and the premonitions of coming changes were evident at this 
 session, although a resolution looking toward such changes failed of 
 passage. 
 
 Comp. F. C. Winslow was elected G. H. P. 
 
30 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 1897. 
 
 The returns for the year exhibited a fair degree of prosperity while 
 peace and harmony prevailed in all parts of the jurisdiction. The G. H. P. 
 (Comp. Winslow) called the attention of the representatives to the near 
 proximity of the fiftieth anniversary of the organization of Grand Chapter 
 and recommended the appointment of a committee to prepare historical 
 and biographical data suitable for the occasion. No action, however, was 
 taken further than aji approval of the suggestion by committee on address. 
 
 The proceedings were routine and of temi)orary interest only. 
 
 Comp. Eugene L. Stoker was elected G. H. P. 
 
 1898. 
 
 The forty-ninth annual convocation was held Oct. 27, 1898, with M. B. 
 Comp. Stoker presiding. 
 
 Business routine and of temporary interest only, except that Past 
 Grand High Priests were allowed same milage and per diem as representa- 
 tives and a committee was appointed "to consider the propriety of this 
 Grand Chapter adopting the ritual of the General Grand Chapter," with 
 instructions to report at the next annual convocation. 
 
 Comp. Wm. B. Grimes was elected Grand High Priest. 
 
 1899. 
 
 The fiftieth annual convocation was held at Chicago Oct. 26, 1899. 
 
 The reports and returns showed that Grand Chapter was in a most 
 prosperous condition, financially, numerically and socially. Peace and 
 harmony prevailed in all parts of the jurisdiction and the outlook for the 
 future was equally bright. 
 
 While the transactions were mainly of a routine character, several 
 incidents marked radical changes in former methods and policy. For 
 thirty years then next preceding the standard ritual had been the compila- 
 tion known as "Black Hawk." From time to time suggestions for changes 
 had been made, but nothing had come of them. At the session of 1898 the 
 suggestion was renewed by the Grand High Priest (Comp. Stoker), who 
 intimated that the G. G. C. ritual might profitably be employed. The sug- 
 gestion was referred to committee with instructions to report at this con- 
 vocation. This the committee did, and the report resulted in the passage 
 of the following: 
 
 Resolved, That this Grand Chapter substitute the ritual of the General 
 Grand Chapter, United States of America, for the ritual authorized by this 
 Grand Chapter and now in use in the several Chapters in this jurisdiction; 
 and that the Grand High Priest be instructed to procure a sufficient number 
 of said rituals from the Grand Secretary of the General Grand Chapter 
 for the use of the said Chapters and the Grand Officers of this Grand 
 Chapter. 
 
 Resolved, That the said rituals of the General Grand Chapter, when 
 received, be distributed by the Gra,nd Secretary of this Grand Chapter to 
 the High Priests reported elected and installed at the forthcoming annual 
 elections in the several Chapters of this jurisdiction. 
 
 Resolved, That the Grand Secretary shall take a receipt from the 
 High Priest to whom rituals shall be delivered, which receipt shall be filed 
 and kept in the office of the Grand Secretary. 
 
Masonic History. 31 
 
 As the new ritual has only been in use for about a year, at this writing, 
 it is impossible to predicate its future. 
 
 The question of "substitutes," for many years much mooted, was again 
 presented. The Grand High Priest (Comp. Grimes), In his annual address 
 "earnestly recommended" their use, urging as a reason therefor that the 
 practice, if adopted, "will at once give life to many small, weak Chapters, 
 now almost, if not quite, dormant, and many others struggling for a bare 
 existence." The recommendation was referred to the Committee on Juris- 
 prudence, which reported back adversely; but Grand Chapter thought 
 otherwise, for after a lengthy debate the motion to adopt the committee's 
 report was lost, and as a compromise measure the By-Laws were amended 
 as follows: 
 
 Sec. 18. No Chapter in this jurisdiction shall confer the Royal Arch 
 degree on more or less than three Most Excellent Masters at a time; Pro- 
 vided, that one substitute may be used, in the discretion of the E. High 
 Priest. 
 
 And thus Grand Chapter made two radical departures from its time- 
 honored rules and traditions, the wisdom of which remains to be seen. 
 It is strongly contended, however, that both are in the right direction, and 
 possibly this may be the case. 
 
 Comp. Nathaniel Bowditch was elected Grand High Priest. 
 
 During the year three of the fathers passed away — James A. Hawley, 
 Asa W. Blakesley and A. A. Murray. All had labored long and earnestly 
 and all had enjoyed the highest honors of the craft. 
 
 The statistics and returns to the annual convocation of 1899 showed 
 that 214 charters for subordinate chapters had been issued by Grand Chap- 
 ter since the date of its organization, of which number 184 were then in 
 force, and that a grand total of 17,095 Royal Arch Masons were then in its 
 obedience. 
 
 The Treasury showed a cash balance, after all disbursements, of 
 $16,882.28, with a further sum of $7,000 invested in four per cent bonds. 
 The total receipts for the year were $11,088.01, while the total disburse- 
 ments amounted to $8,699.76. Compare these figures with the conditions 
 existing when the mileage and per diem accounts were first scaled and 
 then abolished and Grand Chapter was forced to negotiate a loan to meet 
 its necessary expenses. 
 
 • * * 
 
 It may be said, and with much truth, that the foregoing brief and 
 imperfect digest affords but a poor synopsis of the transactions of a large 
 and influential body of Masons during a long period of years. But the 
 limitations of time and space preclude a more exhaustive treatment. Nor 
 is it intended that these sketches should be more than brief notices of the 
 salient features of the years under review. To attempt more would be to 
 
32 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 transcend the limits imposed by the scope of this report and possibly an 
 abstract of the proceedings, with their multitudinous details of petty acts 
 of routine business, would lack the interest for the general reader which it 
 is the desire of the writer to retain. To the student, or those who may desire 
 to prosecute some special inquiry, the printed reports are all accessible. 
 
 The object of the writer has been to show in brief epitome the incep- 
 tion of the Royal Craft in this jurisdiction and to trace its history during 
 the fifty years of the organized life of Grand Chapter. For this purpose 
 a chronological review has been adopted. There are, however, some mat- 
 ters which can better be shown by topical treatment, and these matters 
 win form the substance of what follows. 
 
 It will be perceived, from the foregoing digest, that Grand Chapter, 
 with one exception, has changed its presiding officer every year. This lino 
 of action is based to some extent upon the theory that every companion 
 competent to discharge the duties of government in a constituent chapter 
 is qualified to assume the grave responsibilities of Grand High Priest, but 
 more, perhaps, on the theory that the office is one of honor and that he who 
 has once been installed can receive no greater or additional honor by sub- 
 sequent re-election. The plan has worked well and Grand Chapter has been 
 fortunate in its selection of a long line of able, zealous and learned men 
 to fill the chief office within its gift. The succession of Grand High Priests 
 has been preserved in the digest, to which the reader is referred. 
 
 At the organization meeting in 1850 Mason Brayman was elected Grand 
 Secretary. He was not present at the first annual convocation held in 
 October of the same year, and the name of James L. Anderson appears as 
 Secretary. At the election of that year Comp. Anderson was chosen Secre- 
 tary, but he does not appear to have been present at the following annual 
 convocation of 1851, and his duties were performed pro tem. by John S. 
 Roberts. At the election of this year Comp. H. G. Reynolds was chosen 
 to fill the station, and for eighteen years in succession received a re-elec- 
 tion. During much of this time his dominating infiuence is apparent in 
 Grand Chapter legislation and administrative policy. 
 
 At the annual convocation of 1869 Comp. James H. Miles was elected 
 Secretary and each succeeding year until 1878 was re-elected, thus making 
 a period of incumbency of about ten years. 
 
 In 1878 Comp. Gil. W. Barnard was elected and has since continued 
 to perform the duties of the office. It will be seen, therefore, that during 
 its entire career Grand Chapter has ihad practically but three Secretaries. 
 Each of the persons who have filled the office was eminently qualified. 
 Of the present incumbent, Comp. Barnard, but little need be said, as he is, 
 without doubt, the best known Mason in the State of Illinois. His admin- 
 tisration of the office has been a model in every particular, and it is sin- 
 cerely to be hoped that he may be spared for many years to adorn the posi- 
 tions he has long occupied and acceptably filled. 
 
 The Treasurer of the organization meeting was Thos. H. Campbell, 
 but he, like Comp. Brayman, did not attend the first annual convocation 
 
Masonic History. 33 
 
 in October, 1850. At this session Comp. Ellas Hibbard was elected Treas- 
 urer, and in 1851 was re-elected. He did not attend the session of 1852, 
 when Wm. S. Hurst was elected in his stead. Comp. Hurst served one year 
 and in 1853 was succeeded by Comp. James H. Hibbard. At the next elec- 
 tion, in 1854, Comp. William McMurtry became Treasurer, a position he 
 retained until 1862, when he was succeeded by James R. Mack. In 1864 
 Comp. Mack gave way to Comp. Harrison Dills, who remained the custo- 
 dian of the funds until 1875. At the convocation of 1875 Comp. A. A. 
 Glenn succeeded and remained in the office until 1878. He was succeeded 
 by Comp. Orlln H. Miner, who held the office until 1880, since which time 
 the present incumbent, Comp. W. M. Egan, has been continuously elected 
 to receive the trust. It will thus be seen that Grand Chapter has had a 
 comparatively large number of Treasurers. Two of these officers, Comps. 
 Dills and Glenn, retired through stress of circumstances and pecuniary 
 failures in their own business, but as Grand Chapter had but little funds 
 in those days no loss was entailed. 
 
 The committees of Grand Chapter resemble those of Grand Lodge and 
 the committee work is performed in much the same manner. There is, 
 however, a noticeable difference in some of the reports. Thus it rarely 
 happens that the grievance committee has any work to perform, and many 
 sessions have passed with the pleasing statement that no matters have 
 been referred to or considered by them. Matters of administrative policy 
 are frequently considered by the body, and so of a number of subjects that 
 in Grand Lodge always go to committees in the first instance. For many 
 years the "pay roll," or account of mileage and per diem, was prepared 
 and presented by the Secretary as part of his official duties, and it is only 
 recently that this subject has been referred to a committee. 
 
 The two principal committees are those on Jurisprudence and Ac- 
 counts. The latter is both the Finance and Auditing committee of Grand 
 Chapter, and is, perhaps, the most important of all the committees. 
 
 The organization meeting of Grand Chapter in 1850 was held at Spring- 
 field. The first annual convocation held in October of the same year 
 occurred at Alton. In 1851 the sessions were held at Jacksonville and this 
 continued to be the place of meeting until 1856. In 1857 the convocation 
 was held at Springfield, and each succeeding convocation until 1865 was 
 held at that place. In 1866 the convocation was held at Chicago. In 1867-8-9 
 at Springfield. In 1870 the session was held at Chicago, where all subse- 
 quent meetings ihave been convened. 
 
 For many years Grand Chapter regulated the time and place of its 
 annual convocations by the actions of Grand Lodge. At first the sessions 
 were held immediately prior to the annual communication of Grand Lodge, 
 and this continued to be the rule until 1861, when the Friday succeeding 
 the meeting of that body was substituted. This continued to be the time 
 
34 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 of meeting until 1870, when it was decided that the business of the session 
 could be more advantageously transacted if an interval were allowed to 
 elapse between the meetings of Grand Chapter and Grand Lodge. Accord- 
 ingly the "first Thursday after the fourth Tuesday in October" was selected 
 as the day for the annual convocation, and all subsequent meetings have 
 been held at that time. 
 
 Like the other Masonic bodies of the State, and agreeably to ancient 
 usage. Grand Chapter authenticates its official acts under its great seal. 
 At the convocation of 1850 the Grand Secretary was instructed to procure 
 a seal for the use of Grand Chapter, and in connection with the Grand 
 High Priest was authorized to "select a suitable device for the same." 
 This duty was apparently duly performed, but aside from the act of 
 authorization Grand Chapter has never given any further attention to the 
 matter. 
 
 The design selected by the committee is simple and chaste, the dis- 
 tinctive feature consisting of the symbol. For this part of the device the 
 committee selected the interlaced triangles, Masonically known as the sign 
 of the Macrocosm, or Seal of Solomon. 
 
 * * * 
 
 In all works of charity and fraternal benevolence the Grand Chapter 
 of Illinois has ever been prominent. Upon all occasions of public calami- 
 ties, whether by fire, flood, or famine, it has freely and cheerfully re- 
 sponded. To the aged and indigent of its own household it has ever given 
 with an open hand, while for many years the organized Masonic charities 
 of the jurisdiction have been the recipients of its generous bounty. Scarcely 
 a session has elapsed since the date of its organization that has not wit- 
 nessed some manifestation of philanthropic endeavor. In all of this may 
 be seen a true appreciation of the sublime precepts and lessons of the 
 system and a substantial evidence that the lessons have not been without 
 
 effect. 
 
 * * * 
 
 Royal Arch Masonry is essentially an embodiment of high morality. 
 This has always been recognized and proclaimed by the Grand Chapter of 
 Illinois, and while no sumptuary laws have ever been enacted, the observ- 
 ance and practice of the cardinal virtues of Masonry has frequently been 
 enjoined upon the Craft in its obedience. This has not only been done by 
 the approval of the actions and reports of its officers and committees, but 
 also by positive resolutions passed by the body. Thus, at the session of 
 1856, it was 
 
 Resolved, That the cardinal virtues of Fortitude, Prudence and Jus- 
 tice are dependent on the maintenance of the cardinal virtue of Temper- 
 ance; that every intemperate man is liable to lose that fortitude which 
 might never forsake him in his hours of sobriety; nor can any such man 
 be either prudent or just. 
 
 Resolved, That the Subordinate Chapters are hereby strongly urged 
 to root out the evil of intemperance from among them, and to exercise a 
 wholesome, prompt and efficient discipline upon the subject. 
 
Masonic History. 35 
 
 These resolutions were given the force of general regulations and 
 remained as the expressed sentiment of the body for over thirty years. 
 In 1868 Grand Chapter again spoke in unequivocal language respecting the 
 vice of intemperance. The subject was presented to the session by the 
 G. H. P. (Comp. Lininger), who, after a statement of facts, urged Grand 
 Chapter to take some decisive action "to the end that we do not retro- 
 grade, that we may show to the world without that while we are willing 
 to throw about the foibles of a brother the broad mantle of charity, yet 
 are we so governed by immutable principles that vsrickedness and excess 
 will ever receive our hearty rebuke." The Committee on Address endorsed 
 the Grand High Priest's views, and Grand Chapter concurred by the 
 passage of the following: 
 
 Resolved, That each subordinate Chapter within the jurisdiction of 
 this Grand Chapter shall purge itself of intemperance and profanity; and 
 that it be the duty of this Grand Chapter to arrest the Charter of any 
 Chapter failing to comply with this resolution. 
 
 This also became a standing resolution. 
 
 When the first permanent constitution was adopted in 1852 a code of 
 By-Laws was framed to accompany same, and among the other standing 
 committees therein provided was one on Education. At the same session 
 Comp. H. G. Reynolds moved 
 
 That the Grand Lodge of Illinois, A. F. and A. Masons, be requested 
 to appoint a Special Committee to confer with the Committee on Education 
 of this Grand Chapter, and devise ways and means to raise a fund for the 
 education of the children of indigent and deceased Masons in this State. 
 
 The motion prevailed and Comp. Reynolds was appointed to make the 
 request. Grand Lodge met on the Monday following the passage of this 
 resolution, but it does not appear from the record that the request was 
 preferred. The standing committee, appointed at this session, consisted 
 of Comps. M. J. Noyes, W. H. Turner and A. W. Blakesley; and while the 
 record of Grand Lodge does not disclose any action by that body it would 
 yet seem that a conference was had, for at the convocation of 1853 this com- 
 mittee reported back as follows: 
 
 The undersigned, Committee on Education, appointed at the last an- 
 nual convocation of your Grand Body, having attended to the duties of 
 their said appointment, and having, in pursuance of the intimations given 
 them, conferred with the committee on the same subject, appointed by the 
 Most Worshipful, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, of Illi- 
 nois, beg leave respectfully to report: That in our opinion it is inexpe- 
 dient for the Grand Bodies aforesaid to take any present action for the 
 establishment of an Institution or Institutions of learning, to be under the 
 guardianship and control of said bodies, or either of them; believing that 
 the local Masonic bodies will generally, if not always, be able to extend to 
 the destitute orphan children of our deceased brethren such assistance in 
 regard to Education, as their several circumstances may require. 
 
 No further reports seem to have been received from this committee 
 until 1856, when Comp. Noyes submitted the following, which was adopted: 
 
36 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 The undersigned, two of the Committee on Education, appointed at the 
 last annual convocation of your Grand body, beg leave respectfully to 
 report: 
 
 That they have had but little opportunity to consult upon the subject 
 committed to them; Comp. Hayden, not being present, has not been con- 
 sulted. 
 
 The undersigned, having considered the subject, think that the limited 
 means of this Grand Body precludes the practicability of its undertaking, 
 at present, to establish any school or institution of learning, although we 
 trust and believe that this most E. G. Body, with each and all of its mem- 
 bers and subordinates, fully appreciates the importance of general education 
 as the only safeguard of the civil institutions of our beloved country, the 
 best means of advancing the interests of the rising generation, and of 
 securing a succession to Masonry; and we hope at some future period 
 (not far distant) this M. E. G. Body may be enabled to unite with the 
 M. Worshipful Grand Lodge of Illinois in the establishment of an institu- 
 tion of learning that shall prove an honor to said Grand Bodies, and re- 
 dound to the greatest good of generations to come. 
 
 At the convocation of 1857 the committee again reported that the con- 
 ditions were not favorable for the establishment of any Institution of 
 learning. In 1859 a report of similar tenor was presented, and for several 
 years thereafter perfunctory reports were occasionally made until finally 
 the committee was abolished. Without the co-operation of Grand Lodge 
 it was felt that nothing could be accomplished, and although Grand Chap- 
 ter kept the educational project alive long after it had ceased to be dis- 
 cussed in Grand Lodge the changed conditions of civil society resulting in 
 the establishment of common schools finally caused its abandonment. 
 
 In the charitable movements afterwards inaugurated looking toward 
 the nurture and education of Masonic orphans. Grand Chapter has always 
 evinced the deepest solicitude and interest, and by generous contributions 
 has fully sustained its old-time prestige in this line of Masonic work. 
 
 Grand Lodge, on several occasions, has permitted the creation of 
 movable lodges. The majority of these nomadic lodges resulted from the 
 Civil war and were attached to Illinois regiments in the service of the 
 United States. 
 
 Fortunately the movement was mainly confined to Craft lodges, and 
 the only dispensation for the organization of a movable chapter was 
 granted by James H. Hibbard, G. H. P., during the year 1863. The warrant 
 was issued to Comps. Silas O. Vaughan, A. D. Clark, L. J. W. Underbill 
 and others, and authorized them to form and open a chapter at Columbus, 
 Ky., to be called "Asboth Military Chapter." It would seem that this 
 chapter was attached to the Second Regiment Artillery; yet the dispensa- 
 tion, as appears from the report of the Grand High Priest, authorized the 
 opening of a chapter at a definite location within the jurisdiction of a 
 Grand Chapter with which the Grand Chapter of Illinois was on terms of 
 amity and in fraternal correspondence. Whether this act was justified by 
 the then condition of the country must be left for the jurists to decide. 
 This dispensation empowered the chapter to work "until the close of the 
 war" unless sooner revoked. The chapter remained at Columbus until the 
 
 «t 
 
Masonic History. 37 
 
 winter of 1863-4, when it was removed to Vioksburg, holding its convoca- 
 tions in the Masonic Temple of that city. At the end of the war the dis- 
 pensation was returned and the record of the proceedings thereunder is 
 now among the archives of Grand Chapter. 
 
 While it may be that the institution of Masonic bodies to follow the 
 ■armies was of questionable legality, as well as doubtful expediency, yet 
 there can be no question as to the beneficent influence which Masonry itself 
 exercised over the combatants during the sanguinary struggle. • The many 
 acts of kindness and fraternity exhibited by the brethren in either army, 
 on the field, in the hospital and in the prison, all show that even in the 
 midst of war's alarms the teachings of the lodge and the sacredness of 
 obligations were not forgotten, and many a man owes personal comfort, 
 liberty and life itself to the fact that his captor was bound to him by the 
 "mystic tie." 
 
 The Grand Chapter of Illinois is a constituent of the body known ^s 
 the General Grand Chapter, and all Royal Arch Masons of its obedience 
 are required as a condition of exaltation, to vow allegiance thereto. As 
 there are other "General Grand" bodies which are not recognized in this 
 State a word of explanation may not be out of place. 
 
 The system of Royal Arch Masonry practiced in Illinois, and in all 
 of the jurisdictions within the General Grand Chapter constituency, is 
 essentially American in ritualistic expression and arrangement of degrees. 
 It is now generally conceded to be the work of Thomas Smith Webb, and 
 to have had its origin about the year 1798. Prior to this time there were 
 but few chapters, and such as perchance did exist worked under the sanc- 
 tion of a Master's warrant or by self-constituted authority. There was a 
 chapter of the latter description in New York prior to 1796, called "Wash- 
 ington," which claimed and exercised the right to work the R. A. degree 
 independent of the Master's Lodge, and to grant charters of constitution. 
 Of this body but little is known. In 1796 a convention of "committeemen" 
 was held which passed a resolution requesting Washington Chapter not 
 to issue charters for a chapter except upon the recommendation of the 
 nearest chapter; so there must have been chapters in those days. But the 
 systems of these chapters were very dissimilar. Some used the Irish ritual 
 — Royal Arch of Dublin, a ritual very much like our own; some employed 
 the English Royal Arch of Dermott, or other English adaptations. Some 
 conferred only the Royal Arch, others had one or two subsidiary degrees. 
 Out of this chaos Webb compiled a system of his own. The Mark degree 
 was a "modification" of an existing ritual; the Past was simply an in- 
 stallation service, retained because all of the systems agreed upon the 
 fundamental point that the Royal Arch could be conferred only upon one 
 who had "regularly passed the chair;" the Most Excellent seems to have 
 been a pure invention and has no prototype in any of the systems thereto- 
 fore practiced. There was a degree bearing the name "Excellent" in the 
 old English Royal Arch system, and it is not unlikely that Webb, desiring 
 that his own scale should resemble in nomenclature the English rituals. 
 
38 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 applied the old name to a new creation of his own, he being ignorant of 
 the English ritual. This theory is supported by the fact that he did prac- 
 tically the same thing in his arrangement of the degrees of the Com- 
 mandery, giving the name "Red Cross" to an arrangement of his own 
 simply because the chivalric orders in England comprised only the de- 
 grees of Red Cross* and The Temple. 
 
 At all events, a new system was prepared, and that system was given 
 to the organization which in 1798 was instituted under the name "Grand 
 Royal Arch Chapter of the Northern States of America," and which by 1806 
 had become the "General Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons for the 
 United States of America." The system was then the property of that 
 body and it alone had the right to say how, when and to whom it should 
 be communicated. It alone had the right to disseminate it or to prescribe 
 rules for its government. The General Grand Chapter, therefore, is the 
 fountain from whence all of the Webb Masonry of the Royal Arch flows; 
 and while, in 1859, the body saw fit to surrender a large measure of its 
 powers, resulting in virtual emasculation, it nevertheless is still the pos- 
 sessor of the original and ultimate title to the system. In Virginia, Penn- 
 sylvania and Texas the Grand Chapters are independent, yet the work 
 of the two former, save as they may have "absorbed" it, is not the Webb 
 system; and while the latter does work the standard ritual, it does so only 
 upon the same authority as he who, having borrowed my coat, now claims 
 it for his own and continues to wear it. Texas was originally a con- 
 stituent, but "drew out." Undoubtedly every Grand Chapter has the 
 inalienable right to withdraw from the General Grand whenever it may 
 desire and refuse longer to recognize its governing authority; but no 
 Grand Chapter has a right to withdraw and take with it the Royal Arch 
 system, which is the property of the parent body. 
 
 Therefore, Illinois is, and will undoubtedly remain, a constituent of 
 the General Grand Chapter, and certainly so long as it continues to use its 
 system it cannot, in common fairness and honesty, do otherwise. There 
 was a time when Illinois desired a separation; when it instructed its dele- 
 gates to procure such on honorable terms; and it is possible that time and 
 circumstances may again produce such a feeling; but should the separation 
 ever come, then we should surrender our ritual to the power from whom 
 we derived same, and secure the right to use some other. 
 
 The "History of the Black Hawk War" is a compromise. The "resi- 
 dents of the Military Reservation" were probably as well qualified to 
 assume the task of compiling the history as any that could have been 
 selected, and that their work was faithfully and conscientiously performed 
 no one acquainted with the men will for a moment doubt. But, from the 
 comparisons which we have recently been enabled to make, it will be 
 perceived that it differs materially from the standard ritual of the General 
 Grand Chapter. The authors think it is better, and possibly It is, but 
 
 • The English Red Cross degree is the one now popularly known as Red Cross ot 
 Constantine. 
 
Masonic History. 39 
 
 it Is not the original Webb lectures. However, the venerable historians 
 of that sanguinary war may derive some satisfaction from the fact that 
 the standard ritual of the General Grand Chapter is not the original work 
 of Webb, but, like their own production, a melange, contributed by a num- 
 ber of equally talented and versatile ritualists. 
 
 In other words, the lectures of the chapter, equally with those of the 
 lodge, are subject to the mutations of time and caprice of men. Webb 
 changed and altered them in his own lifetime. His successors have done 
 the same; and, while the lectures which for so many years we continued 
 to employ, as well as those we now use, are substantially the same as they 
 were one hundred years ago, some very salient features have been elimi- 
 nated and a few less noticeable matters added. 
 
 It will be seen, therefore, that, while the only real bond between the 
 Grand Chapter of Illinois and the General Grand Chapter lies in the fact 
 that we are using the General Grand's system, yet for fifty years our lec- 
 tures were not the ones promulgated by that body; and we have the 
 further seeming anomaly that, with all of the Grand Chapters of the Union, 
 save three, under the direct supervision of a general central body, scarcely 
 any two jurisdictions work in all respects alike. This arose primarily 
 from the fact that while the General Grand did control and disseminate 
 a system, it did not, until many years had elapsed, promulgate a ritual; 
 and while all of its constituents were supposed to use the Webb lectures 
 it is easy to perceive how the lectures, left to the caprice of the lecturers, 
 might become debased upon the one hand and improved upon the other. 
 After a particular school of lectures had become popular in a locality it 
 became difficult to displace them. Hence the numerous variations. 
 
 The connection which subsists between the Grand Royal Arch Chapter 
 of Illinois and the General Grand Chapter has ever been of the most 
 fragile character. To the majority of the craft the General Grand is little 
 more than a vague abstraction. They know that it exists, and tnat, in a 
 general way, they are in its obedience; but that is about all. 
 
 The provisional constitution under which Grand Chapter was organ- 
 ized makes no mention whatever of the General Grand, and does assert a 
 complete independence, the opening lines being, "This Grand Chapter has 
 the sole government and superintendence of the several Royal Arch Chap- 
 ters, and Lodges of Mark, Past, and Most Excellent Master Masons, within 
 the State of Illinois; with authority to settle all controversies; * * * 
 to prescribe laws and regulations for their government; to review, con- 
 firm or annul their decisions." All of the other provisions are equally 
 emphatic in the assertion of sovereign powers. The By-Laws which ac- 
 companied this Constitution recognized the General Grand, but only in a 
 perfunctory sort of a way. 
 
 It must not be understood, however, that in all this there was any 
 intentional disrespect to the parent body or any desire to disregard any 
 claims which that body might lawfully possess or assert. Grand Chapter 
 was organized under the direct auspices of the General Grand; Article 2 
 
40 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 of tlie Constitution of the G. G. C, with slight variations, was in fact its 
 provisional constitution, and under this it continued to act until 1852, when 
 a "permanent" constitution was adopted. 
 
 The permanent Constitution expressly recognized the G. G. C. by 
 providing a declaration of fealty or allegiance to be made by "each Grand 
 ofBcer previous to entering upon the duties of his office." The same 
 requirement was prescribed for the officers of subordinate chapters at the 
 time of installation, while the esoteric ceremonies have always imposed 
 this upon every candida1;e at the time of exaltation. 
 
 From time to time murmurs of discontent have been heard against 
 the G. G. C. About the time of organization of Grand Chapter these evi- 
 dences of dissatisfaction were rife, and a large number of State Grand 
 Chapters were seriously considering the project either of a dissolution of 
 the G. G. C. or a withdrawal from its communion. Illinois, having but 
 lately left the maternal fold, was influenced by this fact, and at the convo- 
 cation of 1852 placed on record its views in a resolution which declared 
 
 That this Grand Chapter is in favor of the continuance of the General 
 Grand Chapter, and will strenuously oppose its dissolution. 
 
 By the year 1870, however. Grand Chapter seems to have experienced 
 a decided change of heart. The G. G. C. was no longer considered a neces- 
 sity, and scarcely a luxury, of capitular life. The extremists advocated 
 withdrawal, but the conservative element, which was in the majority, 
 effected a compromise by the introduction and passage of a resolution 
 instructing the representatives to advocate and vote for a dissolution of 
 the body. As a matter of fact, the representatives did neither, for they 
 seem to have been "waited upon" when they made their appearance and 
 completely converted. By making all Past Grand High Priests permanent 
 members the G. G. C. has done much to perpetuate its own existence; and 
 while the tie which unites the constituent Grand Chapters is but a slight 
 one, yet the mild and inoffensive course of the body has practically silenced 
 cavil. For many years there have been no suggestions for a dissolution. 
 
 The Grand Chapter, like the Grand Lodge, is a civil corporation as 
 well as a voluntary association, and like the Grand Lodge it pays but little 
 attention to the charter from the State and performs all its work under a 
 constitution of its own devising and which it changes at pleasure. 
 
 The permanent constitution of Grand Chapter was not adopted until 
 1852, but immediately thereafter, on motion of Comp. L. Lusk, it was 
 
 Resolved, That Comps. Reynolds, Warren and Lavely be appointed a 
 committee to apply to the Legislature of this State for a Charter of Incor- 
 poration of this Grand Chapter, and Chapters subordinate to this Grand 
 Chapter. 
 
 At the session of 1853 the committee reported the performance of this 
 duty and submitted the Act of Incorporation, which was approved. 
 
 The Act of Incorporation was passed by the General Assembly in Feb- 
 ruary, 1853, and has been in force from that time. The civil corporation 
 is composed of the same persons which constitute the Masonic body and 
 
Masonic History. 41 
 
 is called "The Grand Royal Arcli Chapter of the State of Illinois." Whether 
 the body which meets annually at Chicago is this civil corporation or 
 whether same is a voluntary organization existing in conformity to ancient 
 Masonic usage the writer does not decide. Certain it is, however, that in 
 the deliberations of that body the charter is never alluded to and the body 
 claims and exercises, as of right, sovereign powers, prerogatives and 
 attributes based upon the fundamental principles of Masonry. 
 
 The civil corporation possesses the usual delegated powers; may sue 
 and be sued, prosecute and defend, in all manner of actions at law or in 
 equity; may make rules and regulations for its own government; may 
 purchase and hold real estate; may maintain funds for charity and edu- 
 cational purposes, but for no other uses or benefits whatever; shall not at 
 any one time hold personal or mixed property to an amount exceeding ?50,- 
 000, nor real estate to an amount exceeding 1,000 acres of land; may loan its 
 money and take evidences of debt; may borrow money in sums not ex- 
 ceeding $500* at any one time, and may appoint all proper ofi&cers, agents 
 and attorneys for the management of its business that it may deem 
 proper. 
 
 Sec. 8 of the Act further provides as follows: 
 
 Each Subordinate Chapter under the jurisdiction of the aforesaid 
 Grand Royal Arch Chapter, now in existence, or which may hereafter be 
 Chartered by the same, is also hereby declared to be a body politic and 
 corporate, by and under the name, style and number set forth in their 
 respective Charters; and by such designation they may respectively sue, 
 and be sued, plead, and be impleaded, defend, and be defended against, in 
 all suits arising in law or chancery, in all the Courts of this State, and 
 by said respective names and numbers. The said Subordinate Chapters 
 respectively, shall be capable in law of purchasing or receiving, by pur- 
 chase, gift, or otherwise, and of selling and conveying, real and personal 
 estate, for the benefit of said Subordinate Chapters respectively: Pro- 
 vided, That neither of said Subordinate Chapters shall, at any one time, 
 possess more than five hundred acres of land, or hold real estate exceeding 
 in value Twenty-Five Thousand dollars each. 
 
 So far as applicable the provisions relating to Grand Chapter are also 
 applicable to each of the subordinate chapters. The following is the pro- 
 vision relating to dissolution of chapters: 
 
 In case any Subordinate Chapter under the jurisdiction of said Grand 
 Royal Arch Chapter, should cease to exist, or forfeit its Charter, then all 
 the estate, real and personal, together with all the records, books, papers, 
 vouchers, furniture, jewels, seals and fixtures belonging to such Chapter, 
 shall immediately vest in the said Grand Royal Arch Chapter; and all per- 
 sonal property, the books, records, papers, vouchers, jewels, seals, furniture, 
 deeds, moneys, evidences of debt, leases or mortgages, belonging to said 
 Chapter so forfeiting its Charter, or ceasing to exist, shall be delivered over 
 by the last Secrtary or Treasurer of the same, to the proper oiflcer or agent 
 of said Grand Royal Arch Chapter, on demand; and on failing to do so, 
 each and every member of such delinquent Chapter shall be individually 
 liable to said Grand Royal Arch Chapter, in an action of debt, for the full 
 value of the same. 
 
 As originally passed the Act required Grand Chapter to annually file 
 with the Secretary of State a printed copy of its proceedings, list of officers 
 
 • Grand Chapter seems to have violated this provision In 1877 wlien a loan ot ?1,500.00 
 was negotiated. 
 
42 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 and of its subordinate chapters, together with a list of their oflcers and 
 members; but this requirement was subsequently repealed by a rider an- 
 nexed to amendatory act of 1855 incorporating Grand Lodge. 
 
 It will be observed that the charter provides for individual liability 
 in case of dissolution of subordinate chapters. There were many objections 
 urged against this clause at the time, but as the years roll by and no one 
 has yet been mulcted it has lost its early terrors. But the clause is there 
 just the same. 
 
 ORDER OF HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 
 
 Among the many degrees, orders and dignities which have obtained 
 recognition or secured adoption in the jurisdiction of Illinois, is the auxil- 
 iary capitular grade of High Priesthood; but when, where or how it origi- 
 nated is not definitely known. It is conferred, as an honorarium, upon the 
 High Priests of Royal Arch Chapters, and since the organization of Grand 
 Chapter has been wholly under the auspices and control of that body. 
 
 The degree finds its first mention in the second edition of Webb's Moni- 
 tor, published in 1802, under the head, "Observations on the Order of High 
 Priests;" and the general opinion of Masonic scholars is that it originated 
 about that time and emanated from Webb himself. It is not known out- 
 side of America. It was probably formulated by the Committee on Con- 
 stitutional Revision of the General Grand Chapter in 1799, as this commit- 
 tee reported back a form for the installation of High Priests, which pro- 
 vided, at a certain point In the ceremonies, for the exclusion of all who 
 were not High Priests; and "after the performance of other necessary 
 ceremonies, not proper to be written," the excluded persons were to be per- 
 mitted to return. It is surmised that the "other necessary ceremonies, 
 not proper to be written," were the present ceremonials of consecration 
 and anointing to the Priesthood. Webb was a member of the committee 
 and the controlling spirit of the General Grand Chapter at that time. 
 
 But while the original idea seems to have been that the consecration, 
 even though performed in private, should be an integral part of the instal- 
 lation of High Priests, and indeed so remained, in theory at least, until 
 1853, when the section relating to same was repealed, yet in practice it 
 soon became a separate ceremonial; and Cross in his Masonic Chart, as 
 early as 1826, had so arranged it. Since this time, if not before, it has been 
 entirely disconnected with the ceremony of installation. 
 
 The first mention of the conferring of the Order of High Priesthood, 
 in this jurisdiction, is found in the proceedings of the Grand Chapter for 
 the year 1851. On the evening of Friday, Oct. 3, 1851, at the town of 
 Jacksonville, a Council of High Priests was opened with Comp. J. V. Z. 
 Blaney as President, and six persons. High Priests of their respective Chap- 
 ters, "were introduced, duly consecrated, and admitted to the Order in 
 solemn form." The Companions, the first to receive this honor within the 
 
Masonic History. 43 
 
 State, were M. J. Noyes, of Barry; Charles Howard, of Upper Alton; 
 Louis Watson, of Quincy; William S. Hurst, of Jacksonville; John Jewell, 
 of Peoria, and Daniel C. McNeil, of Cambridge. 
 
 It does not seem that any further conventions were held until 1853, 
 or if such were held no record of the same has been preserved. In this 
 year, however, a council was opened and the order conferred on three can- 
 didates. Sept. 28, 1854, seven High Priests, "being possessed of the requi- 
 site qualifications," were "severally received and admitted to the Order of 
 High Priesthood, with solemn ceremonies." After which, on motion of 
 Comp. Shirley, it was 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to consider upon the 
 propriety of forming a Council of High Priests, and if deemed advisable, 
 to prepare a Constitution and By-Laws and report at the next meeting 
 of the Grand Chapter. 
 
 On Sept. 7, 1855, the Convention again met, with Comp. Levi Lusk as 
 President. Nine candidates were admitted. A Constitution was then 
 adopted, and the Association, under the name and style, "Grand Council of 
 High Priests of the State of Illinois," became a permanent organization. 
 From 1855 until the present time (1900) the Council has met regularly 
 each year with the annual convocation of Grand Chapter, and during this 
 period there have been "admitted, anointed, consecrated and set apart 
 unto the Order of High Priesthood" a total of 1,270 persons, which, together 
 with those received in the temporary councils prior to organization, makes 
 a grand total of 1,286 Companions consecrated to the "sacerdotal office" in 
 Illinois. 
 
 The control and direction of the affairs of the council is vested in a 
 President, Vice President, Recorder, who is also custodian of the funds, 
 Master of Ceremonies and such other officers as are required in the rendi- 
 tion of the traditional ceremonies. By the unwritten laws of the Council 
 the office of Tyler is always filled by the immediate Past Grand High Priest, 
 M. E. Comp. Wm. B. Grimes, being the last person to occupy the station 
 at the time of writing this review. 
 
 The first President under the Constitution was the venerable Levi 
 Lusk, who served until 1861. He was succeeded by M. J. Noyes, who con- 
 tinued to serve until the time of his death, in 1867, when the present 
 Incumbent, Loyal L. Munn, was elected. It will thus be seen that the or- 
 ganization has had but three presiding officers during the entire period of 
 its existence; and as Comp. Munn bids fair to remain with us for many 
 years, it will probably be long ere the list is extended. 
 
 While the Council has for many years collected an "honorarium" from 
 the novices, the sum has been small and designed only to cover the actual 
 expenses of the session. No money is kept in the treasury over night, and 
 after the disbursements incidental to the session have been made the bal- 
 ance remaining is devoted to some work of charity or benevolence. 
 
 At the convocation of 1895 a new feature was Introduced. Immediately 
 upon the adjournment of the Council the companions repaired to the Sher- 
 man House, where they partook of a dinner and listened to the edifying 
 addresses of Comps. Munn, Smith, Milligan, Goddard, Montgomery and 
 
44 Semi-Centennial Souvenir. 
 
 others. A pleasing incident of this gathering was the presence of Comp. 
 R. C. Cabeen, the oldest anointed High Priest in Illinois, he having been 
 consecrated to the Priesthood in 1854, one year before the organization of 
 the Council. The address delivered upon this occasion by Comp. J. C. 
 Smith is replete with much curious and valuable information. The occa- 
 sion was graced by the attendance of many of the old Patriarchs, among 
 whom were A. W. Blakesley, anointed 1857; Jno. M. Pearson and Silas O. 
 Vaughan, of the vintage of 1859; J. R. Gorin, 1861; and W. M. Bgan, 1862. 
 
 It has now come to be regarded as practically a matter of obligation 
 for a High Priest to present himself for consecration at the earliest prac- 
 ticable moment after his election or installation. Mackey says, "It is the 
 duty of every companion, as soon after his election to the office of High 
 Priest as is consistent with his personal convenience, to apply for admis- 
 sion to the Order of High Priesthood, that he may be fully qualified prop- 
 erly to govern his chapter;" and the monitors generally reiterate this 
 statement. 
 
 As a matter of fact, however, no duty of this character rests upon a 
 High Priest elect, nor does the investiture impart any special qualifications. 
 The General Grand Chapter, at its convocation in 1853, passed upon the 
 question in the adoption of the following: 
 
 Resolved, That while, in deference to the long established usages of 
 Royal Arch Masonry in this country, it is recommended that every newly 
 elected High Priest should, as soon as it is convenient, receive the order 
 of High Priesthood; his anointment as such is not necessary to his instal- 
 lation, or to the full and entire discharge of all his powers and duties as 
 the presiding officer of his Chapter. 
 
 Nor is there any historical or legal precedent for the conferring of the 
 degree in a regularly organized Council of High Priests. While the Grand 
 Council of Illinois is venerable with years, and as such is entitled to our 
 respect, yet its organization rests on no firmer a foundation than general 
 consent. Mackey says, "The order should not be conferred when a less 
 number than three duly qualified High Priests are present;" and further, 
 that "the High Priest of every regular Royal Arch Chapter, having him- 
 self been duly qualified, can confer the order, under the preceding limita- 
 tion as to number." He intimates, however, that it is desirable, when 
 circumstances will permit, that it should be conferred by the Grand High 
 Priest or some person deputized by him for the purpose. 
 
 The early conventions of High Priests in this jurisdiction were of a 
 temporary character, organized for the purpose of the hour and dissolved 
 as soon as the objects of the convention had been accomplished. Since 
 1855 the order has been controlled by the "Grand Council of High Priests 
 of the State of Illinois," a permanent, constitutional organization, and 
 under the rules of comity which now prevail in all of the recognized Ma- 
 sonic bodies, such organization must be regarded as having full and exclu- 
 sive dominion over same. Grand Chapter has never made a ruling with 
 respect to the Grand Council of High Priests, though it has continued to 
 
Masonic History. 45 
 
 recognize the body from Its establishment, while the General Grand Chap- 
 ter, at its session in 1853, decided "that it is not within the province or the 
 control of this General Grand Chapter, or of any State Grand Chapter, to 
 define the duties or powers of a Council of High Priests." 
 
 The symbolic design of this degree, as expounded by Mackey, appears 
 to be to present to the candidate the bond of brotherly love which should 
 unite those who, having been elevated to the highest station by their com- 
 panions, are thus engaged in one common task of preserving the land- 
 marks of the order unimpaired, and in protecting, by their high authority, 
 the integrity and honor of the institution. Thus, separated from the gen- 
 eral mass of laborers in the field of Masonry, and consecrated to a sacred 
 mission as teachers of its glorious truths, those who sit in the tabernacle 
 as the representatives of the ancient high priesthood, are, by the impressive 
 ceremonies of this degree, reminded of the intimate friendship and fellow- 
 ship which should exist between all those who have been honored with 
 this distinguished privilege. 
 
GAYLAMOUNT 
 
 PAMPHLET BINDER 
 
 Monufoctured by 
 
 GAYLORD BROS. Inc. 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Stockton, Calif. 
 
-*1 
 
 i;--'.