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Goethe in England and 
 America 
 
 Cornell University Library 
 Z8350 .L71 
 
 Goethe in England and America 
 
 olin 
 
 3 1924 029 642 596 
 
 By 
 
 FREDERICK W, C. LIEDER 
 
 REPRINTED FROM 
 
 The Journal of English ana Germanic Philology 
 
 VOL. X, No. 4! 
 1911 
 
The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
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 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://archive.org/details/cu31924029642596 
 
r\ of _ _ Goethe in England and America 535 
 
 GOETHE IN ENGLAND AND AMERICA.* 
 
 In 1899 Dr. Oswald brought out as No. 8 of the Publications 
 of the English Goethe Society his bibliography on Goethe in 
 England and America. The second edition is No. 11 of the So- 
 ciety's series. The bibliography attempts to give a complete list 
 of the English books and articles on Goethe. The list includes, 
 therefore, English books that have appeared on the continent, 
 in England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, and the United States, 
 but it excludes all German articles and German books that deal 
 with Goethe's influence in English-speaking countries. 
 
 That the task undertaken by Dr. Oswald is no easy one, all 
 will admit. It is to be expected, therefore, that there are er- 
 rors and omissions. To show how rapidly the number of Eng- 
 lish treatments of Goethe is increasing, it is only necessary to 
 compare the 1899 and 1909 editions. The number of titles in 
 1909 is larger by one sixth than the number in 1899 ; most of 
 this increase is due to American publications. The number of 
 books and articles published in England has increased but 
 slightly. 
 
 Dr. Oswald's method of arrangement is as follows. In a table 
 of contents he indicates the "Order of Subjects," a list of forty- 
 two headings, three-quarters of which deal, in each case, with 
 one of Goethe's works — translations, editions, commentaries, etc. 
 Nine headings deal with more general topics. These general 
 headings are the cause of unnecessary confusion. Eive of the 
 divisions might better be grouped under one heading — 1. Works 
 and Life, 2. General Appreciation, 6. Biographical Episodes, 
 40. Goethe and Weimar, 41. Miscellaneous. The line of cleav- 
 age is not clear as the headings are at present arranged; repeti- 
 tions are inevitable, and no advantage is gained by the arrange- 
 ment. Under "Works and Life" are found editions of Goethe's 
 prose, articles on his death and on the 150th anniversary of his 
 birth, and Bowring's sketch of his life ; under "General Apprecia- 
 
 *Biblios:raphy by Eugene Oswald. Second edition, revised and en- 
 larged by L. and E. Oswald. London. 1909. pp. vi— 75. 
 
536 Lieder 
 
 tion" are found most of the biographies, most of the works on 
 Goethe's religion and philosophy, and works as different in con- 
 tent as Oswald's first edition of the Goethe bibliography and 
 Calvin Thomas's History of German Literature. How a sharp 
 line can be drawn, moreover, between "Biographical Episodes" 
 and "Goethe and Weimar" is difficult to see. The articles by 
 Charles Harris and by Emma H. Nason on Goethe's love affairs 
 are classed under the former heading, Professor Muensterberg's 
 address on the 100th anniversary of Schiller's death under the 
 latter. Finally, under "Miscellaneous" we get titles which might 
 have been classed under any of the headings under discussion. 
 Thus Mazzini's essay is put under "General Appreciation" as 
 well as under "Miscellaneous;" most literary histories of Ger- 
 many are put under "Miscellaneous" whereas Thomas's is undei 
 "General Appreciation;" Professor Francke's article on Cogs- 
 well's relations with Goethe is classed under "Miscellaneous" 
 rather than under "Goethe and Weimar." In short, the five 
 groups overlap so much that it is hardly worth while to try to 
 keep them apart. 
 
 The one thing, however, needed more than anything else in 
 Oswald's bibliography is a general index of authors, editors, re- 
 viewers, general topics, along with copious cross references. If, 
 for instance, one now wishes to find the English translation of 
 Helmholtz's Ueber Goethe's Naturwissenschaften Arbeiten one 
 is practically obliged to look through seven lists — "Works and 
 Life," "General Appreciation," "Biographical Episodes," "The- 
 ory of Colors," "Goethe as a Naturalist," "Goethe and Weimar," 
 "Miscellaneous." As a matter of fact one finds the title listed 
 under "Goethe as a Naturalist" and under "Miscellaneous." A 
 single glance at a general index would save the reader endless 
 trouble. 
 
 The usefulness of the bibliography might be increased in an- 
 other respect. Henri Stein, in his thorough-going Manuel de 
 Bibliographie Generate, Paris, 1897, puts down as the very first 
 division of his book a table entitled "Bibliographies universelles," 
 in other words, a bibliography of bibliographies. Such a list 
 would be invaluable in a book like Oswald's. In short, the reader 
 
Goethe in England and America 537 
 
 would be interested to know what extended bibliographies of 
 Goethe have already been published, and what general bibliog- 
 raphies and reference books were used in working up the new 
 Goethe bibliography. In the list given below of titles of books 
 omitted by Dr. Oswald I have tried to give first of all a list of 
 bibliographies and reference books which were not mentioned 
 by Dr. Oswald. 
 
 The lists of books published in England are fairly complete ; 
 it is in the American field that Oswald's lists show the most 
 gaps. Periodical literature, in particular, has been 'treated su- 
 perficially. Poole's Index cites between four and five hundred 
 articles on Goethe appearing up to 1910; many of these titles, 
 especially American titles, have not been included by Oswald. 
 A better idea of the many omissions in the field of American 
 periodical literature on Goethe may be gained from the follow- 
 ing rough estimates. S. H. Goodnight (see title in the table 
 below) cites about 225 articles appearing in American periodicals 
 between 1801 and 1846 ; M. M. Haertel cites more than 300 ar- 
 ticles appearing between 1846 and 1880. We are safe in assum- 
 ing that many more articles appeared on Goethe between 1880 
 and 1910 than between 1846 and 1880. In other words the total 
 number of American articles between 1801 and 1901 would be 
 considerably more than a thousand — about three times the num- 
 ber of American articles cited by Oswald. 
 
 As a result of Oswald's incomplete treatment of periodical 
 literature the titles are missing of many articles that first helped 
 to make Goethe known to the American public — those by Edward 
 Everett and George Bancroft in the early numbers of the North 
 American Eeview, by C. C. Felton and P. H. Hedge in the 
 Christian Examiner, by Margaret Puller in the Dial, by G. H. 
 Calvert in Putnam's, and scores of others. 
 
 A few criticisms of a more special nature may not be out of 
 place. Under practically every heading we find a reference to 
 H. H. Boyesen's edition of Goethe's works published in five vol- 
 umes by Barrie in Philadelphia in 1885. As a matter of fact, 
 Boyesen is responsible only for the biographical introduction. 
 The translations of the various works are not by Boyesen; from 
 
588 Lieder 
 
 Oswald's lists, however, the reader gets the impression that 
 Boyesen translated most of Goethe's works into English. Even 
 in the list on Faust we find a reference to Boyesen. Thus Boye- 
 sen is cited at least twenty times instead of once. 
 
 On p. 11 is mentioned P. B. Sanborn's The Life and Genius 
 of Goethe. Sanborn was the editor of a collection of Essays under 
 the above title — not the author of the book. The titles of the 
 various essays should be distributed under the respective head- 
 ings. The same may be said of Mrs. S. Austin's Characteristics 
 of Goethe (p. 4) — a collection of opinions by various authors — 
 and of Marion V. Dudley's Poetry and Philosophy of Goethe 
 (p. 8). 
 
 On p. 21 under the heading "Poems" we find a reference to 
 Edward Macdowell's Six Idylls after Goethe, a series of piano 
 solos with the corresponding poems printed in verses. Is there 
 any reason for including in the bibliographical list Macdowell's 
 musical treatments of some of Goethe's poems and excluding all 
 other musical treatments by English or American composers 
 and, in fact, musical settings by any composer to English trans- 
 lations of Goethe's poems ? Citations of all musical compositions 
 might better be left to a separate bibliography of music. 1 It 
 
 1 A few facts may suffice to show how vast is the field of the musical 
 treatments of the works of Goethe. John P. Anderson's bibliography 
 (see below) gives the titles of 59 collections of musical settings to 
 Goethe's works, besides about 275 compositions of various poems of 
 Goethe. A more comprehensive view is given in a note by Professor Max 
 Friedlaender in Bielschowsky 's Goethe: sein Leben und seine Werke, 
 vol. II, Munich, 1904, pp. 697 ff. "Ausser Shakespeare," says Pro- 
 fessor Friedlaender, "hat kein Dichter irgend eines Kulturvolkes die 
 Komponisten so stark und tief angeregt wie Goethe. ' ' Schubert, for in- 
 stance, composed 80 pieces based on Goethe, Hugo Wolf 53, Loewe 43, 
 Schumann 26, Mendelssohn 14, Brahms 14, Spohr 11, Liszt 9, Franz 7, etc. 
 Fifty-eight of Goethe's poems have been set to music nine times or 
 more — the two Wanderers' Nachtlieder more than a hundred times each. 
 The total number of musical compositions based on these poems is 
 approximately two thousand. If we should add the musical settings to 
 poems which have had less than nine compositions each, also the musical 
 treatments of Goethe's dramas, Singspiele, scenes from various plays, the 
 number would be vastly increased. An English bibliography of Goethe 
 in music would naturally include compositions by British or American 
 composers and also compositions by German or other foreign composers 
 that have been published with English translations of Goethe 's poems. 
 
Goethe in England and America 539 
 
 would be more consistent, perhaps, to exclude Macdowell's com- 
 positions, just as all German books and articles on Goethe's in- 
 fluence in England and America have been excluded. The line 
 must be drawn somewhere. 
 
 Misprints are inevitable in a bibliography covering seventy- 
 five pages, and no attempt will be made here to correct them all. 
 It is unfortunate, however, that so many proper names are inac- 
 curate or incomplete, especially since many of the inaccuracies 
 occurred in the first edition of 1899 and were not corrected in 
 the second edition in 1909. Thus we continually find H. Boye- 
 sen or Hjalmar B. instead of H.H.B., Taft Hatfield, (p. 3) for 
 James Taft H., Albert Selss (p. 22) and Albert Seiss (p. 41) 
 for Albert M.S., Frl. Wenckebach for Carla W., Cutting (p. 44) 
 for S. W. Cutting, Kender (pp. 54, 55) for Eender, Farrer (p. 
 55) for Parrel, A. Charles Eggert (p. 60) for Charles A.E., 
 S. S. Goodnight (p. 70) for S.H.G., Harvey (p. 70) for Haney, 
 Eenny (p. 73) for Eemy. A number of names are cited differ- 
 ently in different parts of the book; books are cited in varying 
 ways — sometimes with the title first, sometimes with the author 
 first, sometimes with the editor first. All these faults, however, 
 could easily be corrected in a new edition. 
 
 In the following list of titles omitted by Oswald only books 
 have been cited. The omitted articles could easily be supplied 
 by going over the references to Goethe in the various entries in 
 the bibliographical list which is given first. Eor the sake of 
 completeness a few titles are given of books that have appeared 
 since the publication of Oswald's lists. The headings are num- 
 bered as in Oswald's book (with the exception of "General 
 Bibliography" and "Literary Treatments," both of which are 
 new). 
 
 GENEEAL BIBLIOGEAPHY. 
 
 John P. Anderson, Bibliography of Goethe. (In James Sime, 
 Life of Johann Wolfang Goethe, London, 1888.) 
 
 Boston Public Library Catalogue. Separate reprint of the titles 
 on Goethe. Boston, 1895. 
 
 British Museum Catalogue of Printed Books. Goethe. Lon- 
 don, 1888. 
 
540 Lieder 
 
 Edward Z. Davis, Translations of German Poetry in American 
 Magazines, 1741-1810, Philadelphia, Americana Germaniea 
 Press, 1905. 
 
 John Edmands, A Bibliography of Goethe. (In the Life and 
 Genius of Goethe, edited by P. B. Sanborn, Boston, 1886.) 
 
 Goethe Jahrbuch. Edited by Ludwig Geiger, Frankfort, 1880 — . 
 (The early volumes contain American bibliographical tables 
 compiled by H. S. White with occasional assistance by W. T. 
 Hewett and E. H. Woodruff; the later volumes contain simi- 
 lar tables by Rudolf Tombo, Jr.) 
 
 Juliana Haskell, Bayard Taylor's Translation of Goethe's Faust, 
 rT. Y., 1908. (Includes an excellent bibliography of Eng- 
 lish translations of Faust.) 
 
 W. F. Hauhart, The Reception of Goethe's Faust in England in 
 the first half of the nineteenth century, N". Y., 1909. (Ex- 
 cellent bibliography.) 
 
 Martin M. Haertel, German Literature in American Magazines 
 1846-1880, Madison, Wis., 1908. 
 
 Scott H. Goodnight, German Literature in American Magazines 
 prior to 1846, Madison, Wis., 1907. 
 
 Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. 
 
 John S. Nollen, A Chronology and Practical Bibliography of 
 Modern German Literature, Chicago, 1903. 
 
 Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, ed. by Anna L. Guth- 
 rie, Minneapolis. 
 
 J. G. Robertson, Goethe (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., 
 vol. XII. Excellent bibliography, pp. 187-188). 
 
 Frederick H. Wilkens, Early Influence of German Literature in 
 America (with an appendix of translations printed in the 
 IT. S. before 1836), K Y., 1899. Reprint from the Amer- 
 icana Germaniea, III, v. 
 
 Zeitsehrift fur Deutsches Altertum. (Some of the volumes con- 
 tain an excellent bibliographical "Verzeichnis" with Ameri- 
 can titles supplied by H. S. White with occasional assistance 
 by E. H. Woodruff.) 
 To this list might be added a number of books quoted by 
 
 Oswald in various places, notably the works by Breul (p. 67), 
 
Goethe in England and America 541 
 
 Haney (p. 56), Heinemann (p. 46), and the first edition of 
 Oswald's bibliography. 
 
 1. WORKS AND LIFE. 
 
 (Works). People's edition. Edited and revised by P. H. 
 
 Hedge and L. Noa. Boston, S. E., Casino, 1882. 
 (Works). Edition de luxe. London. The Amaranth Society. 
 
 (1901). 
 
 2. GENERAL APPRECIATION. 
 
 Francis Jeffrey, Contributions to the Edinburgh Review. 4 vols. 
 London, Longmans, 1844. (Goethe treated in vol. 1). An- 
 other edition, 4 volumes in one, N. Y., Appleton, 1873. 
 
 P. W. Budloff, Shakespeare, Schiller, and Goethe relatively con- 
 sidered. An essay. Brighton, 1848. 
 
 H. I. Schmidt, J oh. Wolf, v. Goethe. Inaugural discourse in the 
 chapel of Columbia College, Mar. 7, 1848. N. Y., 1848. 
 
 S. H. Goodrich, Famous men of modern times. By Peter Parley 
 (pseud.). One of the ten biographies is that of Goethe. 
 Boston, n. d. 
 
 P. H. Hedge, Prose writers of Germany. 2nd ed., Phila., 1852. 
 One of the 28 writers is Goethe. 
 
 George Bancroft, Literary and historical miscellanies, N. Y., 
 Harper, 1855. 'The age of Schiller and Goethe,' pp. 167-205; 
 'Translations' (including a number of Goethe's poems), pp. 
 206-246. 
 
 Eev. Eobert Alfred Vaughan, Essays and remains of the Rev. 
 R. A. Vaughan, London, 1858. (Lewes's Life and Works 
 of Goethe, vol. II, pp. 114-163). 
 
 Parke Godwin, Out of the Past, N. Y., 1870. Goethe, p. 341, etc. 
 
 G. H. Calvert, Goethe, his life and works; an essay. Boston, 
 Lea & Shepard, 1872. 
 
 Almira L. Phelps, Reviews and Essays, Phila., 1873. Goethe, 
 p. 180, etc. 
 
 Thomas Carlyle, Goethe, Boston, 1877. Eeprinted from the 
 "Critical and Miscellaneous Essays." 
 
542 Lieder 
 
 Alexander Hay Japp, German life and literature, in a series of 
 biographical studies, London, (1880). Goethe, pp. 269- 
 379. 
 
 Thomas Carlyle, Essays on Goethe, N. Y., (1881). Keprinted 
 from "Critical and Miscellaneous Essays." 
 
 Joseph Gostwiek, German Culture and Christianity, London, 
 1882. Goethe, pp. 267-317. 
 
 H. Duentzer, Life of Goethe, translated by Thomas W. Lyster, 
 London, Macmillan, 1883 ; K. Y., 1884. 
 
 May Sinclair, Essays in Verse, London, 1891. Contains "Two 
 studies from the life of Goethe." 
 
 Eudolf Eucken, Goethe and the great thinkers, (In U. S. 
 Bureau of Education Eeport of the Commissioner for 1900- 
 01, vol. i, pp. 110-115). Washington, 1902. 
 
 The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American 
 Authors. 8 vols. Ed. by C. W. Moulton and others. The 
 Moulton Publ. Co., Buffalo, N. Y, 1901-05. (Contains 18 
 translations of short comments by Goethe on various Eng- 
 lish authors). 
 
 J. G. Bobertson, Goethe (Encyclopaedia Britannica.) 11th ed., 
 vol. XII. 
 
 3. WAHRHEIT UND DICHTUNG AND ANNALEN. 
 
 (Anon.) Memoirs of Goethe. Written by himself. (Oswald 
 cites the London ed. of 1824. An American ed. appeared 
 the same year in N". Y., Collins & Hannay and Collins & Co., 
 360 pp.) 
 
 Parke Godwin, Truth and poetry from my own life; or the 
 autobiography of Goethe. Edited by Parke Godwin, N. Y. 
 (Copyright 1845). Wiley & Putnam, 1846 and later edi- 
 tions. (Part 3 translated by C. A. Dana, part 4 by J. S. 
 D wight). 
 
 Wilhelm Wagner, Goethe's Enabenjahre (17^9-59). Goethe's 
 boyhood. Being the first three books of his autobiography. 
 Arranged and annotated. Cambridge, Cambridge Press, 1876. 
 
 C. A. Buchheim, Dichtung und Wahrheit (first four books). 
 Edited with notes. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1894. — Same, 
 Boston, D. C. Heath & Co., 1896. 
 
Goethe in England and America 543 
 
 H. C. G. von Jagemann, Goethe's Dichtung und Wahrheit. Se- 
 lections from Books I-XI. Ed. with a brief introd. and ex- 
 planatory notes. New York, Henry Holt & Co. (1896). 
 
 Charles Nisbet, Annals; or the Day and Year papers. With a 
 preface by the translator. Kevised ed., N. Y., Colonial Press. 
 (1901). 
 
 H. 0. Huss, Sesenheim. From Goethe's D. und W. Ed. with 
 introd., notes, and vocab. Boston, D. C. Heath & Co., 1907. 
 
 A. B. Nichols, The Vicar of Sesenheim. Extracts from books 
 IX-XII of Goethe's D. und W. N. Y., H. Holt & Co., 1908. 
 
 4. ITALIENISCHE REISE. 
 
 George S. Hillard, Six months in Italy. 2 vols. London, 1853. 
 (Goethe, vol. II, pp. 302-310.) 
 
 H. S. Beresford-Webb, Goethe's Italienische Reise. Selected let- 
 ters with introd. and notes. N. Y., Maynard, Merrill & Co., 
 1894. 
 
 A. B. Nichols, Goethe in Italy. Extracts from Goethe's Ital. 
 Reise. With notes and introd. N. Y., Henry Holt & Co., 1909. 
 
 5. ECKERMANN. 
 
 Conversations with EcJcermann — with special introduction by 
 Wallace Wood — with an index. Washington and London, 
 M. W. Dunne. (1901). Universal Classics Library. 
 
 6. BIOGRAPHICAL EPISODES. 
 
 Laura C. Holloway, The mothers of great men and women, N. 
 Y., 1884. (The mother of Goethe, pp. 266-283.) 
 
 7. CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 B. Arnim, Goethe's Correspondence with a Child. (An Ameri- 
 can edition was published by Ticknor & Fields, Boston, 1859.) 
 
 8. POEMS. 
 
 M. G. Lewis, Ambrosio, or the Monk, London, 1795. (Contains 
 a variant version of the Erl-King. Reprinted by Davis.) 
 
544 Lieder 
 
 M. G. Lewis, Tales of Wonder, London, 1800. N. Y. edition, 
 printed by L. Nichols & Co., 1801. (Contains Erl-King, 
 Fisherman's Daughter, and poems by other German writers.) 
 
 Specimens of the German Lyric Poets ; consisting of translations 
 in verse from the works of Buerger, Goethe, etc. Second ed. 
 London, 1823. 
 
 Employment. (Poems translated from the German of Schiller 
 and Goethe). Bath, 1828. 
 
 Designs and Border Illustrations to Poems of Goethe, Schiller, 
 Uhland, etc. With translations. London, 1841. 
 
 German Ballads, Songs, etc. Comprising translations from 
 Schiller, Uhland, Buerger, Goethe, etc. London (1845). 
 
 W. E. Aytown & Sir Theodore Martin, Poems and Ballads of 
 Goethe. (The American editions should be cited — N. Y., 
 Delisses & Procter, 1859; K Y., Holt & Williams, 1871; 
 Boston, Osgood & Co., 1877.) 
 
 H. W. Longfellow, The Belfry of Bruges and other poems, 
 Cambridge, 1845. — Seaside and Fireside, Boston, 1849, etc. 
 — containing translations from Goethe. 
 
 H. W. Longfellow, The Poets and Poetry of Europe. With 
 introd. and biographical notices. (Preface dated May, 1845) . 
 — A new edition, revised and enlarged, Phila., 1871. 
 
 Bev. Edward Monro, Parochial Lectures on English Poetry, Lon- 
 don, 1856. (Dante, Goethe, and Shakespeare, pp. 142-173.) 
 
 P. H. Hedge, Translations of the Erl-King, Singer, Spirit greet- 
 ing, Story of the Angels. (In Schiller's Song of the Bell. 
 Translated by W. H. Purness. With poems and ballads from 
 Goethe, Schiller and others by F. H. Hedge. New and re- 
 vised ed., Phila., 1860.) 
 
 Mrs. Janna A. Morgan, The Erl-King. Prom the German. 
 Eacine, 1860. 
 
 Justin McCarthy, Con Amore or Critical Chapters, London, 1868. 
 (Goethe's poems and ballads, pp. 35-76.) 
 
 Edward Chawner, Gleanings from German and French Poets, 
 London, 1879. (Of the 226 poems, 86 are by Goethe). 
 
 Charles Gildehaus, In Rhyme and Time: Shakespeare's birthday; 
 Poems; Translations from Goethe. St. Louis, 1895. 
 
Goethe in England and America 545 
 
 Martha Eidgway Bannan, The fisher maiden, a vaudeville, and 
 The Lover's Caprice, a pastoral play. Translated for the 
 first time and in the original metres. With introd. by W. 
 Clarke Eobinson. Phila., The John C. Yorston Pub. Co. 
 
 Camillo von Klenze, Deutsche Gedichte. Selected with notes and 
 an introduction. K Y., H. Holt & Co. (1895). (Thirty- 
 five poems are by Goethe. 
 
 The Library of the World's Best Literature. Edited by Charles 
 Dudley Warner. 30 vols., K Y. (1896-98). Vol. XI, pp. 
 6385-6454 reprints of translations of a number of Goethe's 
 poems. 
 
 J. T. Hatfield, German Lyrics and Ballads. Ed. with notes and 
 introd. Boston, D. C. Heath & Co. (1900). 
 
 J. H. Dillard, Aus dem deutschen Dichterwald, 1ST. Y., Amer. 
 Book Co. (1903). Eighteen of the poems are by Goethe. 
 
 Edw. Wilberforce, Dante's Inferno and other translations, Lon- 
 don, 1903. (Pages 182-218 are devoted to poems of Goethe). 
 
 Hermann Mueller, Deutsche Gedichte. Selected and arranged. 
 Boston, Ginn & Co. 
 
 German poems for memorizing, 1ST. Y., H. Holt & Co., 1907. 
 
 Oscar Burkhard, German poems for memorizing. Vocabulary. 
 1ST. Y., H. Holt & Co., 1910. (Twelve of the poems are 
 Goethe's.) 
 It may also be noted that the edition of Goethe's poems by 
 
 M- D. Learned (cited by Oswald on p. 21), although announced 
 
 in the lists of the Macmillans, was never published. 
 
 13. HERMANN UND DOROTHEA. 
 
 Thomas Holcroft, Hermann and Dorothea. A poem from the 
 German of Goethe. (American edition printed at the En- 
 quirer Press, Eichmond, 1805.) 
 
 W. Whewell, Hermann and Dorothea. (An American edition 
 published and edited by S. E. Brownell, N. Y., 1849. The 
 translation appeared for the first time in America in the 
 TJ. S. Magazine and Democratic Eeview for 1848). 
 
 (Charles Thomlinson), Hermann and Dorothea. Translated 
 into English hexameters, from the German hexameters of 
 
546 Lieder 
 
 Goethe. With an introductory essay. London, 1849. — New 
 
 ed., revised, London, 1887. 
 Charles Follen, A German Reader. A new edition with additions 
 
 by G. A. Schmitt, Boston & Cambridge, James Munroe & 
 
 Co., 1858. (Contains four cantos of H.u.D.) 
 E. C. F. Krauss, Hermann und Dorothea. With English notes. 
 
 Boston, Urbino, 1866. 
 E. A. Bowring's translation appeared also in N. Y., in the 
 
 "Handy literal translations" of Hinds & Noble, and in the 
 
 "Elzevir Library," N. Y., 1884. 
 J. M. Hart, Hermann und Dorothea. Edited with notes. N. Y, 
 
 Putnam, 1875. 
 W. A. Hervey, Hermann und Dorothea. With introduction, 
 
 footnotes, and vocabulary. N. Y., Hinds & Noble, 1899. 
 Charles J. Kullmer, Poessneck: The Scene of Hermann und 
 
 Dorothea, Baltimore, J. H. Furst & Co., 1907. 
 W. T. Hewett, Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea. Edited for the 
 
 use of students with notes and vocabulary. N. Y., American 
 
 Book Co., 1908. 
 E. A. von Minckwitz, Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea, edited, 
 
 N. Y, C. E. Merrill & Co., (1908). 
 Ellen Frothingham's translation appeared also in the Harvard 
 
 Classics, N. Y, 1909. 
 
 15. KEESTEKE FUCHS. 
 
 L. A. Holman, Goethe s Reinelce Fuchs. The first five cantos, 
 N. Y, Holt, 1901. 
 
 18. GOETZ VON BERLICHINGEN. 
 
 Walter Scott, Goetz von Berlichingen with the Iron Hand. (An 
 American reprint of the 1799 London edition, N. Y., A. H. 
 Inskeep, 1814). Another reprint of Scott's translation ap- 
 peared in Paris in 1826. 
 
 J. A. C. Hildner, Goethe's Goetz von Berlichingen. With in- 
 troduction, notes, and appendix. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1910. 
 
Goethe in England and America 547 
 
 19. EGMONT. 
 
 German Dramas from Schiller and Goethe; for the use of per- 
 sons learning the German language. Boston, Hilliard, Gray, 
 & Co., Cambridge, Brown, Shattuck & Co., 1833. (The 
 dramas are Maria Stuart, Tasso, and Egmont. An English 
 preface states that the dramas are selected for the use of 
 students at Harvard. The editor was undoubtedly Karl 
 Pollen who taught German at Harvard from 1825 to 1835.) 
 
 William Steffen, Egmont, a tragedy. "With notes. 1ST. Y., Holt 
 & Williams; Boston, DeVries & Co., (1866). 
 
 F. Boott, Egmont, a tragedy in five acts. Translated from the 
 German of Goethe. Boston & Cambridge, Sever, Francis & 
 Co., 1871. 
 
 Anna Swanwick's translation appeared in the Harvard Classics, 
 1ST. Y. (1910). 
 
 23. & 24. faust. 
 
 (Dr. Oswald arranged the titles on Faust under two head- 
 ings, the first comprising "analysis, translation, editions, illus- 
 trations," the second "appreciation, criticism, illustration, imi- 
 tation, caricature." The very fact that the term "illustration" 
 is used under both headings shows how difficult it is to draw a 
 sharp line between the two classes. I have therefore arranged 
 my titles under one heading.) 
 
 Soane's translation, now first published, from the unique ad- 
 vance sheets sent to Goethe in 1822. (The translation covers 
 the first 576 lines of Faust. The editor is L. L. Maekall. 
 Braunschweig, 1904. Sonderabdruck from the Archiv. f. d. 
 Stud. d. n. Spr. u. Lit., CXII, Heft %.) 
 Faust: a tragedy by Goethe; German text with English notes. 
 
 London, 1836. 
 (John Macdonald Bell), Faust: A Tragedy. Part II, as com- 
 pleted in 1831, translated into English verse. Dumfries, 
 1838. 
 A. Haywood, Faust, translated into English prose. (First 
 American edition Lowell, Bixby, 1840. — Few ed., Boston, 
 Ticknor, Eeed & Fields, 1851.) 
 
548 Lieder 
 
 A. H. Everett, Poems, 1845. (Scenes from Goethe's Faust.) 
 
 L. B. Peithmann, Goethe's Faust: the first part, with an analyti- 
 cal translation (or rather vocabulary) and etymological and 
 grammatical notes. Second edition. London, 1856. 
 
 J. Cartwright, Goethe's Faust, translated into English verse. 
 London, 1862. 
 
 Carl Alex, von Eeichlin-Meldegg. Faust: an exposition of Goe- 
 the's Faust from the German (translated) by E. H. Chit- 
 tendon. Boston (1864). 
 
 Faust, Eine Tragoedie von Goethe: Erster Theil. With English 
 notes. Boston, S. E. Urbino, 1864. 
 
 George H. Calvert, Brief Essays and Brevities, Boston, 1874. 
 (Goethe's Faust, pp. 123-128.) 
 
 "William Cook, Goethe's Faust: Erster Theil. With an intro- 
 duction and notes. K Y., Holt, 1878. 
 
 L. Pagel, Doctor Faustus of the popular legend, Marlowe, the 
 Puppet-Play, Goethe, and Lenau, treated historically and 
 critically. A parallel between Goethe and Schiller, etc., 2 
 pts. (Liverpool, 1883). 
 
 Songs and scenes from Goethe's Faust. Illustrated from de- 
 signs by A. Liezen Mayer and Ad. Lalanze. Engraved by 
 George T. Andrews and others. Boston, Estes & Lauriat, 
 1884. 
 
 Frank Claudy, Faust, a tragedy. The first part translated in the 
 original metres, Washington, 1886. Wm. H. Morrison (pub- 
 lisher) . 
 
 E. H. Griggs, Syllabus of a course of twelve lectures on the first 
 part of Goethe's Faust. Phila., Amer. Soc. for the Extension 
 of University Teaching, 1900. 
 
 Thomas Davidson, The philosophy of Goethe's Faust ; edited by 
 Chas. M. Bakewell. Boston, Ginn & Co. (1906). 
 
 Julius Goebel, Goethe's Faust, Erster Teil. Edited with intro- 
 duction and commentary. K Y., H. Holt & Co., 1907. 
 
 Marcus Hitch, Goethe's Faust, a fragment of socialist criticism, 
 Chicago, 1908. 
 
 Juliana Haskell, Bayard Taylor's translation of Goethe's Faust, 
 K Y., 1908. 
 
Goethe w England and America, 549 
 
 William Frederic Hauhart, The reception of Goethe's Faust m 
 
 England in the first half of the nineteenth century, N. Y., 
 
 1909. 
 Anna Swanwick's translation appeared also in the Harvard 
 
 Classics, N. Y, 1909. 
 George Santayana, Three ■philosophical poets — Lucretius, Dante, 
 
 and Goethe. (Harvard Studies in Comparative Literature, 
 
 vol. I), Cambridge, 1910. 
 
 25. IPHIGENIE AOT TAUEIS. 
 
 E. C. P. Krauss, Iphigenie auf Tauris. With English notes. 
 Boston, Urbino, 1865. 
 
 E. A. Oppen, Iphigenie. Annotated. London, Longmanns, 
 Greene & Co., 1868. 
 
 C. A. Buchheim, Iphigenie auf Tauris. Edited. Oxford, Clar- 
 endon Press, 1880. 
 
 Frederick Butler, Iphigenie auf Tauris. Translated from the 
 German. Eeading, Pa., 1898. 
 
 Chas. A. Eggert, Iphigenie auf Tauris. With introd. and notes. 
 K Y., Macmillan & Co., 1898. 
 
 L. A. Ehoades, Iphigenie. Edited with introduction and notes. 
 Boston, D. C. Heath & Co., 1896. 
 
 Arthur S. Mann, Thoas. An epilogue to Goethe's Iphigenie auf 
 Tauris. New Haven, Morehouse & Taylor, 1899. (Yale 
 Prize Poems, 1899.) 
 
 Iphigenie auf Tauris. The Weimar text with the English trans- 
 lation by Anna Swanwick. Given in Sanders Theatre, Cam- 
 bridge, Mar. 22, 1900, by the Irving Place Theatre Co., of 
 N. Y. Introduction by Kuno Francke. (Cambridge, Mass., 
 Wheeler, 1900.) 
 
 26. TASSO. 
 
 German Dramas from Schiller and Goethe. (Cf. the first head- 
 ing under 19. Egmont.) 
 
 M. A. H., Torquato Tasso, from the German of Goethe and 
 other poems, translated and original. London, 1856. 
 
 (J. Cartwright), Goethe's Torquato Tasso.' Translated into Eng- 
 lish verse. London, 1861. 
 
550 Lieder 
 
 29. WEETHEE. 
 
 Sorrows and sympathetic attachments of Werther: a German 
 story, in a series of letters. By Mr. Goethe, Doctor of the 
 Civil Law. In two vols. Philadelphia, Eobert Bell, 1784. 
 (Probably a reprint of the London translation of 1779. Cf. 
 Wilkens, p. 65.) 
 
 The Sorrows of Werther. A German story. Taedet eoeli con- 
 vexa tueri. To each his sufferings. Gray (Ode to Adver- 
 sity). Vol. I. Litchfield (Conn.). Printed by Thomas 
 Collier, 1789. (Eeprint of the 1779 London trans.). 
 
 The Sorrows of Werther, an affecting story. Translated from 
 the original German. N. Y., Wayland & Davis, 1795. 
 
 Werther and Charlotte. The Sorrows of Werther. A German 
 story. To which is annexed, the Letters of Charlotte to a 
 female Friend, during her Connection with Werther. Bos- 
 ton, Thomas & Andrews. October. 1798. 
 
 The Sorrows of Werther. From the German of Baron Goethe. 
 A new translation, revised and compared with all the former 
 editions. By Dr. Pratt. N". Y., published by Kichard Scott, 
 1807. 
 
 The Sorrows of Werther. Translated from the German of 
 Baron Goethe. By William Bender, D.D. Boston, Andrews 
 & Cummings, 1807. The Letters of Charlotte, etc., pp. 187- 
 319. 
 
 In general, Oswald's list on Werther is fairly complete, ex- 
 cept so far as the American reprints and editions are concerned. 
 
 A careful comparison of Oswald's list with the titles given, for 
 
 instance, by Wilkens and by Anderson, would straighten out a 
 
 number of inconsistencies. 
 
 31. WAHLVEEWANDSCHAFTEN. 
 
 Victoria C. Woodhull, Elective Affinities, with an introduction. 
 Boston, D. W. Niles, 1872. 
 
 37. AET. 
 
 P. M. Eyton, Essays, London, Griffith & Farran, 1884. (Con- 
 tains one chapter on "Eubens and Goethe"). 
 
Goethe in England and America 551 
 
 W. M. Bryant, Goethe as a representative of the modern art 
 
 spirit, St. Louis, 1889. 
 William Guild Howard, Laohoon: Lessing, Herder, Goethe. 
 
 Selections edited with an introduction and a commentary. 
 
 N. Y., H. Holt & Co., 1910. 
 (F. W. C. Lieder), Introduction to the Propylaen of Goethe. 
 
 Translated in the Harvard Classics, vol. entitled "Famous 
 
 Prefaces," pp. 264-280, N. Y., 1910. 
 
 39. GOETHE AS A NATURALIST. 
 
 Wm. Darlington, M. D. An essay and modifications of the ex- 
 ternal organs of plants. Compiled chiefly from the writings 
 of J. Wolfgang von Goethe for the public lecture of the 
 class of the Chester County Cabinet of Natural Science. 
 ■ Westchester, 1839. 
 
 E. M. Cox, Goethe's essay on the metamorphosis of plants, trans- 
 lated. With explanatory notes by M. T. Masters. (London), 
 1863. Eeprinted from the "Journal of Botany," vol. I. 
 
 E. Haeckel, The History of Creation; or the development of 
 the earth and its inhabitants by the action of natural causes. 
 The translation revised by E. B. Lankester, London, 1876. 
 (The original German book has the sub-title "Vortraege 
 ueber die Entwiekelungslehre im Allgemeinen und diejenige 
 von Darwin, Goethe, und Lamarck.") 
 
 H. Helmholtz, Ueber Goethe's Naturwissenschaftliche Arbeiten. 
 With notes for American students by Oswald Seidensticker. 
 N. Y, H. Holt & Co., 1889. 
 
 40. GOETHE AND WEIMAR. 
 
 George H. Calvert, First years in Europe, Boston, Spenser, 1866. 
 
 (Ch. VIII is entitled "Weimar," and gives an account of 
 
 Calvert's memorable interview with Goethe). 
 George H. Calvert, Choyrlotte von Stein: a memorial. Boston, 
 
 Lee & Shepard, 1877. 
 George Eliot, Essays and leaves from a note booh, Edinburgh, 
 
 1884. ("Three months in Weimar," pp. 290-321). 
 H. W. Mabie, Backgrounds of literature, N. Y., The Outlook 
 
 Co., 1903. (Contains a chapter on "Weimar and Goethe"). 
 
552 Lieder 
 
 41. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 The Young Rifleman's Comrade: a narrative, etc. Translated 
 from the German. (The original edition contains the state- 
 ment "Eingefuehrt durch J. W. von Goethe.) London, 1826. 
 Hermann TJlrici, Shakespeare's dramatic art and his relation to 
 Calderon and Goethe. Translated from the German. Lon- 
 don, 1846. ("Goethe in relation to Shakespeare," pp. 512- 
 554.) 
 J. M. Hart, Goethe: Ausgewaehlte Prosa. Edited with notes. 
 
 N. Y., Putnam, 1876. 
 George Ticknor. Life, Letters, and Journal of George Ticknor. 
 
 London, 1876. (Numerous references to Goethe). 
 A. Stevens, Madame de Stael; a study of her life and times. 
 
 London, 1881. (Numerous references to Goethe). 
 E. D. A. Morshead, Shakespeare and Goethe. (Pp. 95-106 of 
 Nodes Shakesperianae, ed. by C. N. Hawkins, London, 1887). 
 K. Biedermann, Deutsche Bildungszustaende im 18 ten Jahr- 
 hundert. Edited by John A. "Walz. N. Y., H. Holt & Co., 
 1904. (Numerous references to Goethe). 
 A. B. Nichols, Modern German Prose. A reader for advanced 
 classes. Compiled and annotated. N. Y., H. Holt, 1908. 
 (A number of the essays deal with Goethe). 
 Calvin Thomas, An Anthology of German Literature, Boston, 
 
 D. C. Heath & Co., 1909. (Goethe, pp. 360-371.) 
 Frederick A. Braun, Margaret Fuller and Goethe, N. Y., H. 
 
 Holt & Co., 1910. 
 W. A. Phillips, Goethe's Descendants. {Encyclopaedia Britan- 
 
 nica, 11th ed., vol. XII). 
 Ludwig Lewisohn, German Style. An introduction to the study 
 of German prose. N. Y., H. Holt & Co., 1911. (Goethe, 
 pp. 83-119). 
 
 Under the heading "Miscellaneous" Oswald included a num- 
 ber of histories of German literature. The list is by no means 
 complete. The works of H. S. Conant, Gostwick and Harrison, 
 P. H. Hedge, J. K. Hosmer, Prederick Metcalfe (based on Vil- 
 mar), E. W. Moore, M. E. Phillips, W. Scherer (translated by 
 Mrs. P. C. Conybeare, edited by Max Mueller), Bayard Taylor, 
 
Goethe in England and America 553 
 
 B. W. Wells should be added. The most serious omission is 
 Wolfgang Menzel's work which appeared in an English transla- 
 tion by Thomas Gordon in Oxford and London in 1840 and in 
 another translation by the Harvard professor and president C. 
 
 C. Felton in Boston in 1840. It was Felton's translation of 
 Menzel's history, including its scathing attack on Goethe, that 
 gave New Englanders one of the first impressions of Goethe's 
 work. It was against Menzel's attack that Margaret Fuller de- 
 fended Goethe so valiantly in some of her books and articles, 
 and Margaret Fuller was one of the most important interpreta- 
 tors of Goethe in America (cf. Braun's book cited above). 
 
 Finally, no list of treatments of Goethe would be complete 
 unless the studies on the relation between Goethe and Schiller 
 were included. Oswald should have cited, therefore, the Eng- 
 lish and American biographies of Schiller — Carlyle, Follen, Bul- 
 wer-Lytton, Sime, JSTevinson, and Calvin Thomas. — also P. E. 
 Pinkerton's translation of Diintzer's life and Lady Wallace's 
 translation of Palleske's. To this list might be added also 
 Nevinson's Herder and Sime's Lessing, both of which contain 
 important allusions and references to Goethe. 
 
 LITERARY TREATMENTS. 
 
 Henry W. Longfellow, Hyperion: a Romance, Cambridge, 1846. 
 
 (Chapter VIII is entitled "Goethe"). 
 H. E". Humphreys, Goethe in Strasbourg : A dramatic novelette. 
 
 London, 1860. 
 L. Muelbach (pseud, for Clara Mueller Mundt), Old Fritz and 
 the New Era. Translated by Peter Langley. N. Y., Apple- 
 ton, 1868. (Goethe is one of the main characters). 
 L. Muelbach, Goethe and Schiller. An historical romance. Trans- 
 lated by Chapman Coleman. N". Y., Appleton, 1870. 
 Emma Lazarus, Alide: an episode of Goethe's life. Philadelphia, 
 1874. 
 
 It would be difficult to draw from a bibliography like Os- 
 wald's a general conclusion regarding Goethe's influence on 
 English and American literature. So far as mere statistics go 
 the English-speaking world is rapidly adding to the number of 
 
554 Lieder 
 
 books, articles, and reviews on Goethe. Roughly estimated, the 
 number of entries in the 1899 edition is eighteen hundred, in 
 that of 1909 twenty-one hundred. This number, as has been 
 indicated above, is far too low. Probably three thousand would 
 be a fairer estimate of the number of English treatments of 
 Goethe up to 1910. 
 
 That Goethe has been widely read, studied, translated, and 
 discussed by English-speaking students can readily be shown. 
 That his influence on English literature might be called great, 
 is to be doubted. Certainly a greater influence has been exerted 
 on English writers by a number of foreign authors other than 
 Goethe. We know that Goethe's works interested many Eng- 
 lish writers, but the extent of his influence is a matter of con- 
 jecture. Whether Goethe was in any considerable degree a 
 stimulus for Byron's Manfred, Childe Harold, and Kane, Cole- 
 ridge's Christabel (as to metre), Browning's Paracelsus, is a 
 matter of doubt. We know that Coleridge was no admirer of 
 Goethe, and that Byron denied following the latter in his 
 Manfred. We know that Scott translated Goetz (very poorly 
 to be sure), that Shelley translated the "Walpurgisnacht" scene 
 from Faust, and that one stanza in Tennyson's In Memoriam 
 refers to Goethe. On the other hand, Lamb, Southey, Macaulay, 
 Thackeray, and Pater, who knew something of Goethe's work, 
 maintained an indifferent attitude toward him. Wordsworth 
 and De Quincey openly expressed an antipathy for him. Two 
 prominent English writers were great admirers of Goethe — 
 Carlyle and Matthew Arnold — and of these two the greater 
 admirer was Carlyle. Yet Goethe's greatest influence on Car- 
 lyle was exerted in the latter's youthful period. Carlyle trans- 
 lated Wilhelm Meister and the Helena, and wrote numerous 
 articles on Goethe. Traces of Goethe's influence have been 
 pointed out in two of Carlyle's original works — Wotton Rein- 
 fred and Sartor Resartus. It is significant to note that this in- 
 fluence of the German poet on his greatest English admirer was 
 exerted before Goethe's death and at a time when the English- 
 speaking world knew almost nothing about Goethe. Later, in 
 his Lectures on Heroes, Carlyle made the sweeping statement: 
 
Goethe in England and America 555 
 
 "I consider that, for the last hundred years, by far the notablest 
 of all Literary Men is Goethe." 
 
 The problem with reference to American literature has its 
 interesting phases. Of the total number of entries in the 1899 
 edition of Oswald's bibliography, about one-fifth are American 
 and four-fifths British; of the total number in 1909 about one- 
 third are American and two-thirds British. Since American 
 periodical literature was inadequately treated by Oswald (at 
 least six or seven hundred American articles are omitted) we 
 may assume that at the present time at least half of the total 
 number of books, articles, etc. in English are by Americans. 
 It would be unwise, however, to assume that Goethe's influence 
 has been greater in America than in England. Interesting in 
 this connection, is a letter by Dr. Perry Worden dated Weimar, 
 June 19, and printed in the Nation, July 81, 1910. He de- 
 scribes the Goethe-Fest on the occasion of the 25th anniversary 
 of the founding of the Goethe Gesellschaft. Commenting on the 
 large festival banquet, Worden says: "Almost thirty English- 
 men and women were grouped together. The American repre- 
 sentation, on the other hand, was disappointingly inadequate, 
 especially considering the far greater advance in America in 
 scholarship relating to Goethe and German literature generally, 
 and the number of American professors known to be in Europe 
 this very day." Another sentence reads: "Goethe will some 
 day come to his own in British lands." Still another: "In 
 England Goethe's influence lies in the future." 
 
 If Oswald's bibliography shows anything, it shows that the 
 study of Goethe has not been neglected in England. Goethe's 
 influence on English literature may be regarded as not particu- 
 larly great, but it is, at all events, as great as his influence on 
 American literature. Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and Bayard 
 Taylor were deeply interested in Goethe ; Everett, Bancroft, Fel- 
 ton, Calvert, Hedge, and others wrote about him. The original 
 work of none of" these writers, with the possible exception of 
 Margaret Fuller, was affected as much by Goethe as was the 
 early work| of Carlyle. Goethe's influence in England, may, as 
 Worden says, lie in the future, but not any more so than his in- 
 
556 Lieder 
 
 fluence in America. It is probable that Goethe at the present 
 time is being studied more widely and thoroughly in America 
 than in England; but his influence on literature in English was 
 most deeply felt in the work of Carlyle more than eighty years 
 ago. 
 
 A complete bibliography of Goethe in England and America 
 would be of invaluable aid to the Goethe student. Whoever 
 undertakes the task may admit that Oswald has done not a little 
 of the drudgery. 
 
 Frederick W. C. Liedeb. 
 
 Harvard University.