"jf ^ 4- ^y*- *- 3 EQUIE ^^'^P^ ^^^^-.C ^^'*^? CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THIS BOOK IS THE GIFT OF John P. Young Cornell University Library F 159S55 H59 History of Sheshequin, 1777-1902. Includ olin 3 1924 028 866 692 Cornell University Library The original of tinis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924028866692 jrixiE (juad/aii cain:. preface:. Shesheq u i n — what theme couid be more fascinat- ing? The allure- ments of this beau- tiful valley were first known to the Red Afan. Here he dwelt in peace and at war for many generations, and the ashes of his people mingle with the soil along the banks of the Susquehanna. He was destined, and a cruel race was swept away in the marcii of a conquering arm}-. Tlie brave men who had accompanied Sullivan up the valley, pleased at the pros- pect, returned to establish peaceful homes and pave the way for civilization. They were a Liberty-loving people vvhcse lives had been eventful in the trying and fearful experiences of Wyoming. What a thrilling chapter in American history, bloody and beautiful Wyoming fur- nishes us! Sheshequin is searcely less caplivating, for her pioneers helped to make that history. But other stal- wart sons of New England, who had fought for the free- dom of their devoted land, soon found their way to the shores of the Susquehanna and joined their compatriots in Sheshequin, thus forming a settlement, distinctively, of Revolutionary soldiers. The battle with the wilder- ness was begun, and other dauntless spirits joined in the struggle, suffering the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life. Finally, a grand achievement crowned the efforts of these pioneers and their faithful compan- ions. They were noble men and women. Their deeds and virtues should ever be kept bright; and we should all revere the memory of "the Fathers and Mothers" for the valuable lessons their lives have taught us, and for the hardships and privations they so nobly bore, that we might enjoy the fruits and blessings of their labors. Ac- cordingly this volume is most affectionately dedicated to Sheshequin's heroic pioneers, the men and women who founded the settlements, made the country what it is, and her loyal sons who offered their lives to, save our couutrv from disunion. Towanda, Pa., July 21, 100:2. SHESHEQUIN. CHAPTER 1. DESCRIPTION. ^LHESIIEi^XJIN is an Indian term and is believed to Y-^ be derived from TfichetscheqaaiDiink, s\gn\iymg"iht} place of a rattle." Sheshequin is one of the central townships of the coun- ty. Athens and Litchfield forming its boundary on the north, Rome on the east, the Susquehanna and Wysox on the south, and t!ie Susquehanna on the west. The general shape of the territory embraced in the town.ship is rectangular with a triangular projection at the north- west and south. From north to south the township has an average length of seven miles, and from east to west an average width of five miles, comprising an area of 35 square miles. Broad fertile fiats extend along the river three-fourths the length of the township. Beyond these the face of the country rises into hill-lands which slope towards tlie south and west. The greatest altitude is in the northern part where the lands are the most hilly. Tlie township is well watered by the Little Wysox, Deerlick, Hornbrook and Spalding creeks and numerous smaller streams. Forests of huge pines and oak originally covered the township with a thrifty intermingling of hemlock, chest- nut, beech, birch and maple, and gigantic buttouwoods along the river. But little timber is left, and large and fruitful farms succeed. The soil is highly productive, even to the summits of the hills. All the cereals are grown profitably. Fine crops of tobacco are produced on the flats and the culture of small fruits made a paying industry. There is but little waste land in the township, and nearly four-fifths of all are under a good state of cul- tivation. The Sheshequin and Hornbrook flats are not- ed as being among the richest in the Susquehanna val- ley. Agriculture is the sole business of the people. Dairying is an important factor, and stock-raising a mat- ter of secondary consideration. The people are largely scions of the hardy and intelli- gent pioneers, who settled the township, and are a hospi- table, industrious, patriotic and progressive class of citi- zens. In writing of the early settlers of Sheshequin, Judge Bullock says : " There was one trait of the inhab- itants worthy of remark and of imitation, which was their avoidance of lawsuits. In attendance at our courts for nearly half a century, I was seldom, if ever, present at a trial of a suit between parties from that locality. I at- tribute the circumstance very much to the general influ- ence of some of the aged members of that community', and have also thought its happy effects could be seen in the continued prosperity of the inhabitants. Instead ol wasting their time and means at court, and in support- ing constables, lawyers, sheriffs and prothonotaries, their energies were devoted to improving their farms, and in making tliorasolves and their families comfortable at home, in which they were eminently successful." As law-abiding, intelligent citizens the people of Sheshequin have always been among the most noted, and an exami- nation of the records will show that several decades had passed before one of their number ,vas convicted of crime. The following is the population as determined by the different enumerations: 720 in 1830; 1010 in 1840; 145n inlS,-)0; l.-)0 arrival of the army it clears away a little when the (ieiieral orders us to march as far as ^\'^esaugking and there to encamp him- self; going in a boat we arrived at five o'clock p. m. The whole of the army did not arrive until after dark." Lender same date, Lieutenant A\'illiam McKendry notes : " This morning the army marched and left tlie ground at nine o'clock for Wyoming — came over shrub land this day — passed a defile on the brink of the river, where there was a narrow path on the steep side of a large mountain '2i)Q feet perpendicular, ^diich made it very dangerous to pass ; and was a solid rock, three horses with their loads fell off and dashed to pieces in the river ; proceeded on and encam[)ed on the point of the river ; part of the troops came in the boats ; some rain this da}- and very hard this night. Octobei' 5 — This morning at eleven o'clock the troops all embarked on board the boats, excepting a number to r Count D'Estaing upon the 54 British forces at Newport.. After all arrangements for thi' campaign, and joint movement had been skillfully made, and everything prom- ised success, the project was defeated and the safety of the Ameri- can force imperiled by the failure of the Count to co-operate, and his withdrawal on the appearance of the British fleet to Boston har- bor. After repulsing a spirited attack by the enemy. General Sulli- van finding the reduction of the place impracticable without the aid of the French fleet, withdrew his troops with such skill and success, as induced from Congress on the 17th of September following, a vote of thanks, and from the Legislature of his own State a like compli- ment. He remained in command in Rhode Island until the spring of 1779, although the interval was marked by no military movements of importance. Such, briefly,, had been the services rendered, such the cominands borne, and character established by General Sullivan, prior to his se- lection to lead the expedition against the Six Nations. He had filled responsible civil positions, been intrusted with important military commands, been promoted for gallantry, made the subject of special commendatory reports by the commander-in-chief and received the thanks of Congress and of his own State. Congress and the coun- try having become aroused, by the news of the massacre' in Wyoming and Clherry Valley, to the necessity of vigorous repressive aetion, early in the year 1779, Washington was directed to take the most effect- ual measures to protect the Northwestern frontier, and to chastise the Indians for their repeated atrocities. He determined to effect these objects by sending a stron.g force, under a skillful and vigi- lant leader into the country of the Six Nations, disperse any organ- ized force, lay waste their settlements and by depriving them of sustenance and shelter, compel them to seek a remoter refuge in British territory. Washington, in anticipation of these orders, had already collected information as to the most eligible route for the expedition, and the means and strength necessary to secure its suc- cess. The plan he finally adopted was to assemble the main force at Wilkes-Barre, thence to move up the river to its confluence with the Chemung, and there await the arrival of a column moving west, by way of Otsego Lake and the headwaters of the Susquehanna. The details were arranged, supplies, with boats and horses, for their transportation were ordered, and it only remained to select a leader. For reasons satisfactory to the judicious Washiniilon, the rouimand was first tendered to General Gates, with the generous desijjn, per- haps, of reinstating that officer in the pubhc confidence, and with the purpose, if refused, to give the command to General Sullivan. General Gates did refuse, and General Sullivan promptly accepted. The orders of General Washington, issueil May .31, directed the to- tal devastation and destruction of the settlements of the Six Na- tions, and of their adherents and allies, with the capture of as many prisoners as possible ; that refusing all proposals of peace, parties should be detached to lay waste all the settlements around, in a manner so effectual that the country might not be merely overrun, but destroyed. These severe instructions were based on the convic- tion that treaties were profitless, and that he was dealing with a foe whom fear and the want of means alone could restrain. The way having been opened, the instructions of Washington were carried out to tlie letter, and the atrocities at Wyoming avenged. Washing- ton expressed his warm approval of the manner of conducting the expedition, and of its result. Congress passed a vote of thanks and designated a day for general thanksgiving, and the county rejoiced in the sense of relief and .security the event inspired. Such was the contemporaneous estimate of General Sullivan's character and worth, that when ill health brought on by nearly five years of ardu- ous service and the exjiosures of the last campaign, compelled his retirement from the army in November, 1779, Congress expressed its regret at the loss of so gallant a soldier. His subseipient life was largely spent in connection with public affairs. In 1780 and '81 ho was elected a delegate to Congre.ss. In 178:2 he was appointed At- torney-Ciencral of New Hampshire, and re-appointed on the adop- tion of the New Constitution in 178i. In 1786 and 1787 he was President or Chief Magistrate of the State of New Hampshire. In 1788 he was Speaker of the House of Representatives of New Hamp- shire, and president of the convention that ratified the Constitution of the United States. In 1789 he was a Presidential elector and voted for (ieneral Washington for President of the United States, and in March of the same year he was president of the Senate for the third time. In 1789 he was a])pointed by President Washington, Judge of the United States District Court of New Hampshire, which office he held until his death, January 2.3, 179.'). in the fifty-fifth year of his age. CHAPTER II. THE PIONEERS. (6) WING to the hostility of the Indians, no attempt to ^ form a settlement was made by either the Susque- hanna Company or the Proprietaries until after the Rev- olutionary war; The first settlement in Sheshequin dates from May 30. 1783, when General Simon Spalding and his little band arrived from Wyoming. The party consisted of General Spalding, his wife, two sons and five daughters, Joseph Kinney, Benjamin Cole, Hugh Forse- man, ("Fordsman"), Sergeant Thomas Baldwin, Captain Stephen Fuller and his sons, John and Reuben. It will be remembered that General ( then Captain ) Spalding was with General Sullivan in his expedition against the Indians, and was so favorably impressed with Sheshe- quin that he resolved to make it his future place of abode. He first purchased of the Susquehanna Company the Connecticut title, and farms were allotted to himself, his sons, son-in-law, (Joseph Kinney ) in the upper part of the valley, extending from the river back to the mountain. The place settled by General Spalding is now owned by Hon 0. D. Kinney and occupied by Mrs. 57 L. S. Kingsbury. When the settlers came, as (jeneral Spalding himself said, "the Indian grass upon the flats was as high as his head as he sat on his horse." " They set fire to the grass, when a conflagration, such as no one present had ever seen, transpired ; it ran from one ex- treme of the intervale to the other, a distance of almost four miles, and was, no doubt, ver}^ destructive to the animals which made their homes in its dense covers." When the settlers took possession of Sheshequin, there were a few Indian families resident upon Queen Esther's flats, and one family on the same side of the river, but none of any note among them. They proved friendly, and the next year mostly moved off to the West. General Simon Spalding was a descendant in the sixth generation from Edward Spalding, the first of the family to come to America. He was a son of Simon and Anne (Billings) Spalding, and was born at Plainfield, CbiHiecticut, January 10, 1742. In 1761 he was married to Ruth Shepard, and a few years thereafter removed to the Wyoming Valley. He took up Connecticut lands in Standing Stone in 177r), remained there a year, then re- turn(;d to Wyoming. On the 26th of August, 1776, he was commissioned second lientenant in Captain Samuel Ranson:'s company ; promoted and commissioned first lieutenant, Januarv 1, 1777; promoted to captain, June 24, 1778, and given command of the two independent eon:panies of ^^'yoming (united in one) and accompa- nied Sullivan on his expedition against the Indians. He was at ^^alley Forge with his company, participated in 58 the battles of Germantown and Brandywine, and also had a command in "Mud Fort" on the Delaware river, dur- ing the long continued and severe cannonading of that point by the British in October, 1777. In speaking of this siege, Mr. Miner says; "Almost every shot from the British tore through the fort, and the men fell on every side. A soldier in Spalding's company threw him- self on the ground. ' Nobody,' he said, ' can stand this.' ' Get up, my good fellow,' said Spalding coolly; ' I should hate to have to run you through ; you can stand it if I can,' and the man returned cheerfully to his duty." Captain Spalding was transferred to the First Regiment, Connecticut line, and continued in the service till Janu- ary 1, 1783. He was a brave and faithful officer, and distinguished himself in various engagements, one of which was Bound Brook, where he captured several pris- oners and recovered a quantity of forage gathered by the British. After the war he was made a general of militia. General Spalding is described as "a large man of im- posing and pleasing appearance." Colonel Joseph Kings- bury says of him : " General Spalding was a man calcu- lated to gain the love and esteem even of a savage. A better hearted man I never was acquainted with. He had a peculiar tact in pleasing the redskins, and usually, when passing through the place, on treaty busi ness to Philadelphia, he would set some sport on foot. I remem- ber of hearing it told of a feat performed by a couple of these redskins at a time when a large company of In- 59 dians were on their return from tlie City of Brother!}' Love. They always made it a point to stop at night with their old friend, who never failed in providing them something to eat. A.t this time he selected out two long- legged liogs from a company of half a score or more. He informed tiie chiefs that these two hogs were a present to them for supper and breakfast on the following condi- tions, to wit : The chiefs were to select from their com- pany two young Indians, who were to catch the hogs at fair running and theti they were theirs. The young rac- ers were selected, stripped bare to Indian leggings and breech-clouts, armed each \vith a scalping knife. The hogs were turned loose upon the flats and the sport be- gan. Such ecstasy as the Indians were in, as well as the palefaces present, I expect from the account, does not of- ten happen to any people. The hogs at first were too swift on foot for the two-legged swine in pursuit. Once in awhile the redskins vvould catch the hogs by the tail, but in attempting to stop them they were generally thrown down, sometimes tumbling heel over head, and sometimes dragged for several rods till they could hold no longer ; giving loose they were up and at it again. This sport lasted for three-quarters of an hour, when the fiercer brutes finally conquered. A fire was built, the hogs laid on without any dressing, roasted, and eaten with much satisfaction." General Spalding was a mem- ber of the Connecticut Society of the Cincinnati, and prominent in Wyoming affairs before his removal to She- shequin. In 1791 and '92 he represented Luzerne county (10 in the Pennsylvaniti Legislature, and took an active in- terest in all popular movements that tended to good gov- ernment. In the old Sheshequin cemetery on an unpre- tentious headstone, is found this inscription : GEN. S. SPALDING, Died jANrARv 24, 1814, AdKD 72 YEARS AND 8 DAYS. Hr was a Revolutionary soldier, brave and a friend to all mankind. Ruth, wife of General Spalding, died October 1, 180G, in her sixty-fifth year. The children of Simon and Ruth Spalding were : Sarah, John, Rebecca, Mary, Anna, George and Chester Pierce. SARAH, born January 31, 1763, married Joseph Kin- ney, died June 9, 1840. JOHN, born November 14, 1765, was a iifer in his father's company and accompanied him on the Sullivan expedition. He took an active part in military affairs and was commissioned colonel of State Militia. He mar- I'ied Wealthy Ann, ( the first bride in the She- shequin settlement), daughter of Judge Gore ; died Febru- ary 9, 1828. The children of John and Wealthy Spald- ijig were : Harry, born September 30, 1784, married Lemira Satterlee, died May 23, 1821 ; William Bela, born August 24, 1786, married Delight Spalding, died in Texas, September, 10, 1848 ; Noah, born June 28, 1788, married Huldah Kellogg, died February 5, 1835 ; Oba- diaJi Gore, born August 11, 1790, married Clotilda Hoyt, ''fl\'lii^m "^ ' ^^^f £}''5L#'^i' '^-fS^^^f^T^r^je^Sf^SjT'flS u , .< _ ^^^^^ f^^wyfc^-^^ Wr.lll/il/ Inn. irij) af Cul. .Inlni Siiilhli II tj . 62 died in Michigan, December, 1847 ; Smon, bom June 5, 1792, died May 15, 1814 ; Sarah, born August 26, 1794, married General Henry Welles, died December 29, 1877 ; Ulysses, born July 3, 1796, married Jane A. Smith, died in Peru, Illinois ; Wealthy Ann, born July 14, 1798, married Luther Garner, died April 8, 1833 ; George W., born August 18, 1800, married Prudence Brown, died in Illinois, August 24, 1840 ; John Avery, born August 14, 1802, married Amanda Tracy, died August 7, 1842 ; Charles M., born December 20, 1804, married Jane Graw- ford, died in Texas, January 20, 1858 ; Zehulon Butler, born December 20, 1807, married Keziah B. Ovenshire, died November 19, 1870 ; Avery Gore, born March 28, 1810, died September 19, 1835 ; Mary Ann, born April 30, 1812, died October 26, 1831. REBECCA, born December 16, 1773, married William Witter Spalding, died April 21, 1813. MARY, born July 20, 1776, married Moses Park, died May 2, 1842. ANNA, born April 21, 1779, married Colonel Joseph Kingsbury, died September 18, 1864. GEORGE, born September 5, 1782, died May 26, 1800, unmarried. CHESTER PIERCE, born June 18, 1784, married Sarah Tyler, died at Palmyra, N. Y., in 1811. Joseph Kinney was born of Scotch-Irish parentage at Plainfield, Conn., in 1755. At the age of twenty-one he joined the American army and saw his first service at Dorchester Heights in March, 1776. He was wounded in the leg and captured at the battle of Long Island. For three months he suffered the horrors of confinement in the old Jersey prison ship. After being released, and still much crippled from his wounds, he made his way home on foot. He again joined the army and was at the battle of Saratoga, resulting in the surrender of Burgoyne, October 17, 1777. He then returned to Plainfield, where he remained until 1778 when he emigrated to Wyoming. Here, on the 18th of June, 1781, he married Sarah, the eldest daughter of Captain Simon Spalding, and with his father-in-law and others removed to Sheshequin in 1783. He settled on the farm now owned by his great-grandson, Hon. 0. D. Kinney. In Wyoming he had been a school teacher, but changed his occupation to that of a farmer in his new home, a calling in which he prided himself He built and occupied the second framed house in the \'alley. His biographer says : " Mr. Kinney was not only a great reader, but was also a close and logical rea- soner and analyzed thoroughly everything offered before he stored it away in his memory as knowledge. He was particularly apt in theological themes, and had many a gusty bout with the preachers of the day. However, he and Moses Park, when sent to oppose and confound Mr. Murray in liis first seed-sowing of the doctrines of uni- versal salvation at Athens, ' went wool-gathering and came home shorn,' after a three days' protracted effort. Mr. Kinney's house was the home of all the itinerants of the gospel in his day. Being of a scrofulous diathesis, he was no doubt more or less irritable. But his wife, Sarah, JOSEPH KISXEV (if) alw'iiys mild aiifl forbearing, always generous and concil- iatory, never was swerved from the unerring law of kind- ness, which seldom fails to soothe the morbid passions of humanity. Upon the whole, with the limited education attainable in his day, except by the wealthy few, he would be called a man of decided brain power, strong in the convictions of right and duty, a close reasoner, irre- proachable in his' integrity and highly respected by the large circle of his acc|uaintances. He was emphatically domestic in his tastes and hence disliked and refused po- litical positions generally." However, in 1791 he ac- cepted the appointnient of justice of the [)eace lor the " Tioga district, " and served as one of the first county commissioners, being elected on the Federal ticket in 1S12. Mr. Kinney died .June 3, 1841, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. He is buried in the old Sheshequin cemetery and his headstone bears the inscription — -"A Soldier of the Revolution." His wife died June 9, 1840, aged nearly seventy-seven years. The children of Joseph and Sarah Kinney were : Ruth ( drowned in childhood ), Simon, Ruth, George, Charles, Sarah, Lucy, Ciuy, Weal- thy, Mina and Phebe M. ,'^T3I0N, born August 26, 17S4, was one of the first tw(.) children born in Sheshequin. His early life was spent in assisting in clearing up a heavily timbered farm, receiving in tlie meantime a careful, moral and intellec- tual training. At his majority he married Ph(ebe Cash and took up the study of the law. In January, 1814, he was admitted to practice in the several courts of Brad- ford county aod located in Towanda. He was a man of unquestioned legal ability and soon became one of the fore- most lawyers in Noi'thern Pennsylvania. He M'as elected to the State legislature from the Bradford-Tioga district in 1820 and re-elected in 1821. He was also county treas- urer in 1816-'17. He was a man of strong mind, and his service is favorably remembered by active participa- tors in the political affairs of the time. The great David Wilmot completed his law studies in the office of Mr. Kinney, who was his first associate after entering tiie profession. Mr. Kinney's wife died May 31, 1835, aged fifty years, and in 1836 he removed to Illinois with the rest of his family. He identified himself with the inter- ests of the "Prairie State," and was one of the founders of her State government. He died at Indiantown, Bu- reau county, September 11, 1859. The children of Si- mon and Fhcehe Kinnev were: Harriet (Mrs. Charles Whitehead), Henry Lawrence, Joseph Warren, Emily, Sarah and Anna. The two sons have an interesting and romantic history connected with their lives. Henri/ Lawrence achieved an enviable celebrity by liis dash, courage and enterprise, which made him at one time quite the lion of the country. He was the founder of Corpus Christi, Texas, and peopled the town by a de- nomination of his own settlers. After the Texan war he was captured in Mexico, and for a long time confined in the prison of Preote ; served in the Mexican war in (Gen- eral Taylor's army; supplied the commissariat with stores from the resources of the country, and was deemed a millionaire at the end of the war. He si)ent much of his fortune afterwards in Central American ex- peditions. During the rebellion he served in iNIe.xico as cdlonel of her army, and fought against the French and Maximilian and was killed at Monterey in LSG2, :\hile leading a small troop in ferreting out guerrillas in the city. He became one of the finest horsemen of Texas, taking lessons of the Comanches, and so far surpassing them that they were to his mastery but initiates. He won many victories over them in sonie of their sharpest fights. It will not be amiss to state that he married a daughter of (ieneral Lamar, of the "Lone Stai'" fame. He was about sixty years of age at the tune of his death. JosepJi W'arrcii followed the fortunes of his brother in Texas, and accjuired considerable landed jDroperty. He was accidentally shot by the explosion of his pistol in mounting his horse and died from the wound soon after. iif'^jf/f married Warren Brown, a merchant of Tow- anda, who was commissioners' clerk from LS2G to '30. They removed to Illinois in the '30's. GEORGE, born May 13, 17SS, spent his life in She- shequin. He possessed a native strength and clearness of mind, which made him prominent in his day ; and with the aid of a borrowed book or two and the faint glimmer of a fire light, he ac([nired the rudiments of ed- ucation, a few fundamental truths and principles, ,vhich were his beacon lights in after life. He contributed largely to his county papers, mostly political, but occa- sionally a miscellaneous gem of prose or poetry, of which (i8 the more pretending might well be proud. He was a justice of the peace for many years, a portion of the time by appointment Under Governor Wolf and for ten years by election of the people. He was a captain and lieuten- ant-colonel in the State militia. In 1837 he was elected representative of the county. In the legislature he main- tained a prominent position and wielded an influence over its deliberations. Mr. Kinney possessed a legal and philosophical mind, and his counsels in matters of law were much sought after. He had an instinctive hatred of slavery and every species of oppression. He was among the first of the old Whig party to openly sustain Mr. Wilmot in his proviso of freed, shot and stabbed seven times. Baldwin followed the Indian and found him sitting in the grass with his rifle across his lap. He advanced with his rifle at his shoulder and finger on the trigger ready to fire if the sav- age stirred. The Indian sat still, anil striking his gun out of his reach, Baldwin said to him, ' I will pay you for scalping a white man alive,' and commenced hacking at his head with his tomahawk. The Indian scratched liis liead and grunted, whereupon tlie heart of tiie avenger failed him in his cruelty and he sunk his hatchet into the brain of his helpless viclini and left him. He took the white man idong with him to the settlement, where he recovered from his wounds and ever after made an annual pilgrimage to his preserver's house while he lived." Baldwin also commanded one of the companies of volun- teers sent in pursuit of Roswell Franklin's family, and per- sisted in the pursuit when the other companies turned back, and rescued the children, though Mrs. Franklin was shot. Seven of the company were left on French- town Mountain to watch the Indians, while the eighth man went out to kill game, supplies having been exhausted. The hunting party was under strict orders to. return at nine o'clock a. m., but did not get in at the time ap- pointed, and shortly after the Indians were seen coming along the trail. The seven men on guard formed a semi- circle, and as the Indians came within range opened fire on them, expecting the return of their comrade every moment. Baldwin showed his hat on his ramrod and drew the fire of the Indians, and as they looked out from their coverts behind the trees, gave them 'the contents of his rifle. One of the redskins getting int.) close quarters, Baldwin held his hat up and received a bullet through his hand. The Indian rushed forward with his tomahawk, when Baldwin fired into his face, having only powder in his gun, and burned the Indian horribly. About this time the Indians ran, and as they left, Mrs. Franklin looked above the log behind which she was ly- ing, and was shot and killed by the Indians. The chil- dren were taken back to their friends. When the treaty was made at Newtown, Baldwin saw the Indian whose face he had burned, and upon inquiry the Indian corrob- orated the fact, saying, "Yankee tired big gun in my face." Baldwin was with Sullivan at the battle of Bald- win's Creek, where the Indians and British fought to- !■> ^etlior belli nd breastworks. Pie ^^nt in the rear and was liaving a busy session by lumself, iiriii^' into tlie enemy's liack. When the Indians ran, one of them jumped over the log, behind which Bal(h\in lay, and, seeing him, gave him the contents of his gun in his knee, the ball passing on and lodging in his thigh. He rode to Tioga Point on horseback, had his wound dressed and rotii'cd with the army to 'Wyoming. Mr. Baldwin remained in Slieshequin only temporarily. While residing here, in tlie summer of 1783 liis son, line, was born — said to be the first white child born in the yheshe([uin ^'alley after the Revolution. He settled on the battle ground where he was \vounded, now the town of jVshland, Chemung county, N. Y. Here he spent the remainder of his ilays and is buried. The son, Yme Baldwin, was a man of great enterprise, and for many years was a resident of liidgebury and Troy. Captain Stephen Fuller removed from Hampton, Windham county, Conn., to Wyoming in 17(19. He took an active "interest in the affairs of the Susfiuehanna Com- pany and held various positions in the organization of the new colony. In 1773, he, (3badiah <_iore, Jr., and Heth Marvin were given the privilege of erecting a saw mill on Mill Creek. The mill was completed the same year, and was the first saw mill erected on the ujjjier waters of the Susquehanna. In October, 1775, he was commissioned captain of the First company of the Con- necticut militia and took part in the battle of Wyoming. In 1783, he and his sons, John and Beuhen, joined (len- 74 eral Spalding's party and came to Upper Sheshequiu, where they occupied Connecticut lands. John had been a member of Captain John .Franklin's company. The Susquehanna Company's township of Fullersville ( now Frankhn) in 1795 was granted to Captain Fuller on ac- count of " his former expenses, services and loss in sup- porting and defending the interests of the company." Captain Fuller had married Mary Abbott of Connecticut. Their daughter, Abigail, married first Captain James Bidlack, second Colonel John Franklin. The sons, John and Reuben, after residing in Sheshequiu a score of years, removed to other pai'ts. Captain Fuller died May 21, 1813, aged 82 years. His wife, Mary, lies beside him in the Sheshequiu cemetery, and the headstone over her grave contains the solitary inscri[)tion — " M. F." Hugh Forseman, ( " Fordsman " ) who came with General Spalding's pioneers, was a native of Ireland. He married Judith Slocum, sister of" the lost" Frances. He served as justice of the peace, and as one of the Jus- tices of Quorum in the countj^ court of Westmoreland. Mr. Miner says : " Being a man of business and probity, few shared more highly the general confidence. As clerk of the town, his writing is singularly neat and accurate. To his care we are indebted that the old Westmoreland records were preserved." Mr. Forseman was a resident of Sheshequiu as late as 1804. He pn-obably returned to Wyoming. Benjamin Cole, who came to Sheshequiu with General Spalding, remained about twenty years, then removed to other parts. Arnold Franklin was the first settler in Lower She- sliequin. He came from Wyoming in 17S4 and occupied tlie place now owned by Joseph Towner. He was pro- prietor of a half-right in Claverack, which embraced the island opposite his farm. The island contained about sixty acres and was very productive. It had been cleared by the Indians and used by them for tiieir corn patches. In about bSO.l Mr. Franklin sold his jjroperty to Richard Horlon and removed to Palmyra. Here his wife (Abi- gail Foster) died. He married again and subsequently came to Smithfield, where he lived with his son, Rev. Willinin Frduklin, a Presbyterian preacher. He died at the latter place, February 20, 1S39, at tlie age of 74 years. Of the A\'yoming Franklins, there were seven brothers, all of whom had large families. Seven of the Franklins were killed at the ^\'yoming slaughter. .Jona- than, one of the brothers, who was the father of Arnold, was killed in the battle. Arnold was also in the battle, but escaped. Later he was captured, but after three months' captivity escaped from the Indians on the Gene- esee and made his way back to his uncle's, Roswell Frank- lin, living at Kingston, who adopted him into his family. A cousin, Roswell Franklin, Jr., was about Arnold's age. While the two boys were at work in the field, they weie made prisoners bj' the Indians and taken to Canada, where they remained three years, nJien they were released or escaped. With great difficulty, they made their way home, to the joy and surprise of their friends who had 7C. supposed them dead, not having heard anything respect- ing them since they went to the field to work three years before. John Newell and sons, Josiah, Abel and John, came from the East, probably Connecticut, to Lower Sheshe- quin about 1784. Mr. Newell purchased lot No. 11 in Claverack, a part of which he sold to .Joseph Salisbury, the balance being held by his son, Abel. In 1799 Mr. Newell and his sons, Josiah and John, removed to the headwaters of Towanda Creek. ABEL remained upon his claim in Claverack. H's possessions embraced tlie farms now owned by Ellsworth Gooding and W. D. Fox. He lived on the Clooding place, his bouse standing about ten i-ods from the river on the " lo.ver road." Mr. Newell married Sally Wilcox, one of whose brothers was slain at the battle of Wyom- ing. He died April 9, 1837, aged 78 years; his wife died April 6, 1831, aged 74 years. The children of Abel and Sally Newell were : Stephen, Heze- kiah, Hannah, Elisha, Samuel, Roba, Lucy and Benja- min. Stephen married Catherine Cole of Kingston, N. Y. He inherited the homestead and occupied it until the time of his death in 1885. The children of Stephen and Catherine Newell were : David, re.'^iding in Sheshe- quin ; John ; Sally ( Mrs. William Skinner of Minnesota ); Catherine (Mrs. Joseph Keegan ); William died, at the age of 17; Sylvia (Mrs. George Frink, dead); George died at the age of 17 ; Mary ( Mrs. Ransom Horton ); Elisha J., who occupied the homestead until the time of 77 his ilcath in Febrnarv, l.S<)7. Ile-xkuth married a Miss Tuttle of Wysox, finally movud to the headwaters of To- wanila Creek, where he died. Elislm married Anna, daughter of John Post, removed West with his family and died at Hale. Iowa. Snniiiel married in Potter county. Pa., finally remoyed there and died. Hannah married David Horton, reared a large family and died at Hornbrook. No/xi. married Peter Barnard, lived and died in Sheshequin. Liictj married Elisha Forbes, died in Sheshequin. J]<'ii/(jniln lived on the Horace Jolmson place for a number of years, where lie kept a still. He died in Sheshequin. The Gore Family. -The (Jores are of English origin. John Gore and his wife, Rhoda, came from England and settled at Roxbury, Mass., in 1635. Samuel Gore, a grandson of John ( iore, was a, resident of Norwich, Conn,, in 1714. Obadiah Gore, son of Samuel and Han- nah Gore, was born July 26, 1714. He married Han- nah Parks and died in 1779. Plannah was a sister of Captain Tliomas Parks, the first settler of Litchfield, Bradford county. Obadiah Gore moved from near Bos- ton to Norwich, Clonn., thence to \Vyoming in 1770. Of his advent in the new colonv, Mr. ]\Iiner savs : "Amone the new body of emigrants, were two of the Gore family from Norwich, Obadiah Gore, the father, and Daniel Gore, his son, blacksmiths by trade, full of ardour and replete with Yankee ingenuity. They conceived the de- sign of adl-''jr^ Lucy, lalfe of Acery (-tiii-r. .S4 triot force had been routed, and a small number of them had succeeded in reaching the fort, they were sur- rounded and compelled to capitulate. Many of the out- rages committed during this brief period, Mrs Gore dis- tinctly remembered. Her mother, a bold; resolute wo- man, seeing the danger and insult to which they were exposed, took her three children, the youngest in her arms, Lucy by the hand, the oldest clinging to her skirts, broke through the guard stationed about the fort and hastened to the river where she found a boat waiting, ni which she and others safely reached Sunbury. This es- cape was fortunate, in view of the scenes of horror and outrages which followed. Silas (jore, Lucy's fathei-, nud two of his brothers, Asa and George, were slain in the battle, and their names are inscribed on the " Battle Monument," which stands upon the scene of the conflict. After General Sullivan passed through the country and dispersed the Indians and Tories, the family moved u]i the river to the valley of Sheshequin, — a miniature edi- tion of the valley of Wyoming — where the subject of this notice lived for more than foui- score years. She died in the house in which she was married and ever after lived, and over which she presided so many years, and witli such a generous hospitality that her name became a household word in all the land around. She reared to manhood and womanhood a family of ten children (five of whom she survived ) and reared them so well that to the last hour of her life she was proud to own them as hers. Mrs. Gore made no boast or show of religions ]n'o- So fcssifiii, but slu' livc'(l the hii;liest (ndcr of velif^ion, ((in- stantly, di'^tinctly, practically, yet iiic(.'kly, unostcntu- tiou.sly. She li\'c(l and died firmly hidic\-ini; and ar- dently hoping that God in His own t;dod tinK- and tlirou^h the agencies and instrumentalities H13 has chosen, will save His people from their sins hy turnini; every one away from His iniquities, and eventually bring in the last wandering jirodigal to the fold of universal holiness and happiness." The (^■hildren of Aver\- and Lucy (iore were: (JaliMay oi- morass, the Indians in close pursuit, every step over knee deej) in mud and mire, by over exertion, eaused a breach in his body which has been a painful and troublesome disorder ever since. It is un- necessary to describe the entire destruction of the settlement Ijy the enemy, disiiersion and hardships of the fugitives, old men. women and children fleeing through the wilderness, carrying with them scarcely enough to support nature by the way. The place was re- taken in August or September following by Colonel Zebulon Butler and Captain Simon Spalding and a garrison replaced there. Vour petitioner returned soon after and served as a volunteer during the years 1779, 1780 and 1781, and was subject to be called on in every case of emergency. The expedition of General Sullivan to the Ccncsee country did not jirevent wholly the depredations of the enemy, being frequently harassed by small parties. In the year 1782 Captain Spalding's company was called to .ioin the main array at head(|uar- ters and a company of invalids was stationed at the post, commanded by Captain Mitchell, soldiers that were not calculated for the woods, scoutings, etc. ; Colonel Dennison gave orders to have the militia or- ganized and classed, which took place." Afterward, April .3, 1832, Sergeant Gore wrote a private letter to Philander Stephens, member of Congress, and from which is taken the following extracts : "I would take it as a favor if you would in- form me what is the prospect of a bill for the general compensation of old soldiers and volunteers of the Revolution. * * * Some cheering information on this suljject would revive my spirits, which have been almost exhausted during the severity of the past v,inti'r. *■■'■■■* On reflecting back to these trying times, I would state .some particulars respecting our family at the commencement ut the lie\'0- lution. My father had seven sons, all zealously engaged in the caus(^ of liberty. Himself an acting magistrate and a committee of safety watching the disaffected and encouraging the loyal part of the com- munity. " * * Three of his sons and two suns-in-law fell in the Wyoming massacri'. Himself died the winter following. One son served during the war, the others served in the continental army for shorter i:)eriods." Then he draws a picture of some of the things he saw in that war. and says : " Let any person at this time of general prcsperity of our country, reflect back on the troubles, trials and 88 suflfering of a conquered country by a savage enemy. Men scalped and mangled in the most savage manner. Some dead bodies floating down the river in sight of the garrison. Women collecting together in groups, screaming and wringing their hands in the greatest agony ; some swooning and deprived of their senses. Property of every de- scription plundered and destroyed, buildings burned, the surviving in- habitants dispersed and driven through the wilderness to seek sub- sistence wherever they could find it. This," he says, and its truth is on its face, " is but a faint description of the beautiful valley of 1778, and it should be remembered the savages continued their dep- redations until 1782. John Franklin was chosen captain. Your pe- titioner was appointed to sergeant and had the command of a class which was ordered to be ready at the shortest notice, to scout the woods and to follow any part of the enemy that should be sent on their murderous excursions ; that he performed four tours of scout- ing that season of about eight days each. Your petitioner never drew any pay, clothing or rations during the contest for Independ- eiice, but ammunition he was supplied with from the continental store. He had the charge of a family at the time ( his father being dead ) ; had to support himself as well as he could by laboring be- tween spells and frequently plowing with his musket slung at his back." He concludes with this pathetic sentence, after stating that he had been informed by the newspapers of the great spirit of liber- ality manifested by Congress toward old soldiers : " I take the lib- erty to request of your honorable body to take my case into conside- ration, and, if you, in your wisdom and justice should think that your petitioner is entitled to any remuneration, to do what you may' think right and just ; and your petitioner will ever pray." Mr. Gore was also a participant in the Yankee and Pennamite troubles. When his brother removed to Slie- shequin he accompanied him. In 1785 lie married Sarah Brokaw, but did not bring his family to the new settle- ment until a couple of years later. The first vvintei^ after he settled in Sheshequin he was compelled to go via Wy- oming to the Delaware river to winter his oxen, no means of doing so being nearer. His money to carry him a jour- ^Sb* SAMI'KL conic. yo ney of 150 miles was an English crown. The paths were impassable, nearly, but on the fourth day he arrived at Wyoming, where he rested and prepared feed for his cat- tle for the balance of the journey by twisting hay into large ropes and fastening them, around their bodies and necks. He packed his wallet with Indian johnnj^-cake and slung it upon his arm, and entered the great "dismal swamp." The snow was two feet deep and the weather severe. On the second day he had a creek to cross, so deep that footmen could not pass witiiout wading. Mounting one of his oxen, he attempted to ride across, but the anchor-ice hit his legs, his steed played him false and left his rider to make his way out as best he could. He was now four miles from any house, his clothes were frozen and he alone in the depths of the forests and night approaching. He used to say he considered his chances for life more hopeless and desperate than when pursued by the yelling savages at Wyoming. Mr. Gore settled on the -farm of now D. W. Chaffee. He built a log house near the bank of the river and afterwards" a large house on the main road near the present Chaffee residence. At this time there was no mill nearer than Wilkes Barre. His family were nearly out of provisions. He must supply their wants and was required to make the trip, nearly 100 miles, by canoe or dug-out. High water delayed him and the journey would occupy seven days, two down and five back. He bade his family good-bye, and with a God-speed from his wife, with the assurance that He would be merciful, he started on his tedious journey. The ill mother and clnklren standing on the river hank, watched the canoe until it became a mere speck in the distance, then witl) iieavy hearts returned to the cabin to begin the long and anxious vigih During the journey down the river he encountered a terrific shower or cloud-burst. Seeing the storm approacliing, he ran his canoe asliore, took out his grist and placi.'d it on the bank. He then pulled the canoe up, turned it over the grist and himself crawling under, kept the grain dry and probably saved himself from drowning. Without further delay, he reached Wilkes-Barre, and in due time he had his grisf ground by the slow and tedious process of those da_\s. This ac- complished he started back on his laborious journey, pol- ing the canoe against the strong current and heavy rifts, anxious as to tlie fate of his wife and little ones. After seven days alone in the wilderness with her little flock, surrounded by wolves and other wild beasts, the feelings of the mother upon seeing the approach of her husband can be better imagined than described. In her " Early Times," Mrs. Perkins relates: "About 1700, Mr. Gore was once coming home from Owego, where lie liad been to make some purchases, with his knapsack upon his back. He found the Indians Cjuite immerous and hostile at Tioga Point, the river \-ery liigh and could not cross it that night. For safety, he climbed a tree opposite the island and secured himself by a strap, where he stayed througli the night. Early the next morning he went to the ferry with all possible stillness, where the ferryman took him across the river and be went on his wav in 92 safety." Mr. Gore was for many years a justice of the peace, and is said to have been one of the best magistrates in the county. He always decided a case on its merits, regardless of quibble or nice legal technicalities. He was very regular also in his domestic habits, retiring early and rising the same. A story is told of him. which illus- trates both of these traits of 'character. A trial had come before him in which the examination had continued un- til the usual bed-time of the 'Squire. After the testimony closed, the lawyer entered into a long argument of the case, as was his custom, and the court, as was its custom at that time of evening, went to sleep. Towards the con- clusion of the argument, the attorney discovered tlie som- nolence of the court, and with some abruptness aroused him, intimating rather sharply, he wished the court would keep awake long enough to enter judgment. "I entered that before you began your plea," quietly yawned the court, pointing to the docket at the same time. The attorney subsided, while a hearty laugh went around the room at his expense. Mr. Gore was an extensive land owner, having about 400 acres along the river and as much more on the hill. He died May 2, 1834. After his death his widow received a pension. She expected a small amount only, and was very mucli surprised wlien $600 were counted down to her. With a sorrowful coun- tenance and desponding tone, she said, "I don't know what I shall do with all this money. I don't want it." Mrs. Gore, who was born April 10, 1764, died November 17, 1845. The children of Samuel and Sarah Gore were : Samuel Kennedy, Silas, Sally M., Abraham B., Judith H. and Nellie Y. SAMUEL K., born December 4, 1780, married f'alista, daughter of Avery Gore, died July 9, 1840. They had a large family of children, the only survivor of whom is Daniel Gore, born in 1821, and a resident of tlie town. SILAS, boru September 21, 1788, married Catherine Elliott, died April 29, 1856. They also had a large fam- ily of children. Four of their sons, Samuel, John, Silas and Hollis, served in the Civil war. Samuel was killed at Fredericksburg ; Jolm died on the march, and Silas lost his life at Gettysburg. Mr. (!ore lived at North liome, where lie died. SALLY M., born July 26, 1791, married Elijali Towns- end of Rome, had a large family ; is buried at Bump- viUe. ABLAILiM nnOKAW, born August 0, 1794; mar- ried Sally (born ?\Iay IS, 1794, died December 15, 1S75), daughter of Alexander Kennedy, died autumn, 18411. Their children were: Ifarrift X., (born November 27, 1818, married William J. Lent, died August 28, 1868 ) ; Fannie W., (born April 9, 1819, married William F. Bull, died February 11, 1895) ; Abrnlmm (born July ;il, 1822) occupies a portion of the original (iore farm; Comfort C. (born July 20, 1825); Polly (born June 7, 1830, married Horace B. Chaftee) ; Lnrij Ann { born Au- gust 8, 1832, married Bowen Chaffee). JUDini IL, born .June 17, 1796, married Elias Minier and occupied a portion of tlie liomestead ; died Septem- y4 ber 20, 1863. NELLIE v., born April 19, 1799, married Hirana Merrill of Litchfield, died August 24, 1857. Thrilling Incidents— ■'^s recounted by Hannah Durkee, daughter of Judge Gore, and written down from her lips by her daughter, Amanda Allen : " I was born in Norwich, New London county, Conn., September 8, 1769. When I was eleven months old my parents moved to Wilkes-Barre, on land granted by the king to the Connecticut colonies. They settled on the east side of the Sus- (juehanna river, near Jacob's Plains. We were driven off in six weeks by the Pennamites. My father was taken prisoner, and while crossing the river he said something displeasing to them, when one of them struck him with his oar across the forehead, which marked him tor life. How he got away I know not, but he went with his family to New Jersey, where he lived about two years and then re- turned again to Wilkes-Barre. Father built a saw-mill soon after his return, and while he was building it my mother sent my brother, Avery, across the race to get some hewings to burn. When he was out of her sight he coaxed me to go with him. We crossed close by the mill. While we were crossing, he said : ' Now, Hannah, hold on tight and don't fall into the water.' The caution gave me such a fright that I immediately fell in, and he said I was sinking for the third time when he caught me by the hair and raised me out of the water, and fortunately laid my face down and wrung the water out of my clothes as well as he could, and when my reason returned, for fear of censure, he cautioned me to keep still until they were dry. We lived there about two years, in which time father built a large two-story house, when we were again beset by the ravages of war. Here my mother gave birth to twin daughters ; one of them did not survive long and the other was very weakly and had to be kept in a dark room. We learned the Pennamites had raised an army and were coming to plunder everything from the settlers and burn their houses. Father was stoning a well he had just dug. He got out, shouldered his gun, and every man who was able to bear arms went to meet them. They lay in ambush two miles below Shawneytown, attacked them and defeated them, and we were left undisturbed for a while. The Pennamites at that time were cuiii- manded by Colonel Plunket. " Soon after fatlier enlisted in the American army under a (-(jm- mission. He came home sometimes for recruits and stayd two or three weeks at a time. T saw him enlist a good many men. He was a lieutenant in the Oonnccticut line, and was absent at the battle of Wyomir.;^-. Many of our neighbors were home on parole and were killed in tlie battle. My father lived on the east side of the river, and my f^'randfather Gore on the west side. My mother's parents livi'd with her at that time : their names were Avery. The day after the battle, ,Tuly 4, 1778, a party of Tories came to the oppo.site side of the river and concealed, all but one, who called, 'Over, over.' (Grandfather Avery, thinking him to be a neighbor, went after him with a canoe, when they rushed into the canoe and compelled him to row them over. They went to the house and told mother to carry out such things as she wished to save, as they were going to burn it. Slie commenced to carry out the best of the goods, and as fast as she carried them out they took them down to the river where the rest of the party had arrived to carry oft the plunder with the ca- noes. Afti'r collecting such things as they wished to take away, they set Are to the house and left. Mother brought water and extinguished the flames. Soon after another party came and fired it, and told her if she put it out her life would be a forfeit. My parents saw it burn. They started for Xew Jersey on foot, carrying such things as they could — provisions and clothing. Mother had my youngest sister to carry in her arms : she was then three years old. They had to pass through thirty miles of woods and encamped on the ground in the open air. Grandfather and Grandmother Avery continued their journey through to Connecticut, with several others, and performed the whole journey on foot and subsisted upon the charity of the jieo- ple. At this time I was living with Grandfather (lore, near Forty Fort, and went to the post with them, July 2. "When the alarm came my uncle Asa (Jore's wife was in travail. She gave birth to a son and then was carried immediately to the fort. The next day, Friday, July .3, 1778, our men, under Colonel Zebulon Butler, paraded all who were able to bear arms and marched out to meet the enemy. I had seven uncles in the battle, and out of these five were killed and one wounded. Silas, Asa and George Gore were killed, as were Tim- 96 othy Pierce and John Murphy, who married my uncles' sisters. Daniel Gore was wounded in the left arm. In the evening as we sat outside of the fort, we heard the voice of a man upon the opposite side of the river. They called to know who he was and he replied, 'Daniel Gore.' Grandmother said, 'Havel one son living!' with such expressive voice that it still sounds in my ears. My head at this time was lying in her lap and we were all absorbed in grief. They brought him over, dressed his wounds and he left again under cover night, as did all the rest who remained alive. " The next day the fort surrendered, and the Indians began plun- dering. They made the women give up their beads and other orna- ments. My aunt, Sally Gore, had a chest of clothing that was very nice and she sat upon it. A young Indian told her to get up. She said she would not. He went out and an older one came in with a tomahawk and she resisted his command. The entreaties of her friends made her leave it to their inspection. They distributed her clothing among the squaws, one putting her white satin bonnet on hind side before and wearing it off. After securing such things as their fancy led them to carry away, they began their work of de- struction by cutting open beds and strewing feathers and straw. They emptied meal, flour and all kinds of provisions, and strewed them to the wind in a common mass. I was broken out with mea- sles at the time and they put me in a bed with my sick aunt to keep them from disturbing her. It had the desired effect and few ven- tured into the room. One Indian came in with her husband's list on and wore it away, and by that she knew her husband was killed. She gave her son his father's name, Asa Gore. I can never forget the heartrending sighs and sobs at the sound of the guns that were completing the work of death. We remained there a few days until aunt could be moved. " Word came there was a nation of Indians coming that could not speak a word of English and every one would be killed who was found there. We then put up such things as we could carry in packs and handkerchiefs and started for New Jersey. We travelled two days, passing a great many who had given out by the way, some sick, others weary. We passed a great many infants who drew their first breath by the roadside, among them two pairs of twins. Their mothers' beds were hemlock boughs and their covering was poles and 1)7 bushes with sometimes an artiele of clutliint; or blanltets acUled. They remained in this condition until our army was apprised of it and they sent pack-horses with pro^■isions to help them through the woods. They carried those unable to walk until they got to inhabi- tants in the eastern part of Pennsylvania, where Grandfather (jore stopped. He got the use of a small house of a man by the name of Stroud, (Stroudsburg), about tifty miles from Wyoming. The rest dis- banded and went to different parts of the country, many going through to Connecticut. We remained here a few days without knowing whether the rest of our friends were living or not. Oue day grand- mother called me in from play and I came running in. My father sat there : we were neither of us able to speak for some time. Then he took me on his lap and asked me if I wanted to see my mother. I told him yes. He said she was at Mr. Bucoy's in New Jersey with the rest of the children. They were all alive, but they supposed all on the west side of the river were killed. Father got a j^assage for Mrs. Satterlee, her four children and myself in a baggage wagon to go within a few miles of where mother was. Mrs. Satterlee's hus- band was killed in the battle and she was returning to her friends in Connecticut. Two of my aunts had gone there before. Mrs. Satter- lee begged food by the way. Sometimes we fared well, at other times we considered ourselves among Tories. After we separated a kind man took me on a horse and carried me to where mother was, -'After our people took possession of Wyoming again and estab- lished guards there, father went with my Uncle Asa's widow to Con- necticut, where she became an inmate of Deacon Avery's family with her son. She lived there about seven years and then married a man by the name of Murphy. Mr. and Mrs. Avery had no children and they adopted her son and made him heir to a hand.some prop- erty. The old people lived and died with him. Father returned, and after burying their dead they erected barracks and small houses and many lived in or near the fort. The men tried to secure their cro])s. The Indians were frequent visitors and often killed them while at work in the fields. Four men and a boy cro.s.sed the river to work : the Indians ere])! under the brush that grew along the fence until they got near them and then rushed out and killed and ■scalped the men and stabbed the boy nine times and took off his OS scalp. The cannon wiis tired from the fort which frightened tliem away, and as soon as was deemed prudent they crossed with canoes and carried them over. The boy was ahve and recovered; the men's faces were all cut in gashes. Mr. Ganley and another man were out hunting, and were taken prisoners and carried to Meshoppen. There they killed the Indians and returned. A party of Indians lay in am- bush several days watching for Captain Franklin, and not being able to get him they went to his house, Sunday, April 7, 1782, took his wife and four children prisoners and carried them to Meshoppen, that being their place of resort. Our men went in pursuit and found them. They had placed them under guard and commanded them to lay flat upon the ground to keep them from being discovered. Mrs. Franklin raised her head to look about. An Indian told her if she did it again he would kill her. This did not keej) her quiet. She raised her head a second time and he shot her. She died on the .spot: (Mr. Miner says: 'In the midst of the firing the two little girls and the boy sprang from their captors and found refuge with their friends. Instantly the savages shot Mrs. Franklin and retreat- ed ; the chief raised the babe on his shoulder and thus bearing her aloft, fled"): then they took the babes and dashed their brains out against a tree. Our men put them to flight, carried back the chil- dren and left the dead, not thinking it i)rudent to remain and bury them. They afterwards went after them. Mrs. Franklin's clothes were on the ground as she lay in them : her body was gone and never found. Her two oldest sons were jiri.soners at Niagara at the time. •' The Indians came into the hoUse of Mr. Lester, kilU-d and scalped him, and took his wife and four children prisoners. The two oldest were daughters. The boys died. Mrs. Lester and daughters re- mained in captivity until the close of the war, when Mrs, Le.ster and one of them were released. In a few months Mrs. Lester and Cap- tain Franklin were married and then went in pursuit of the other daughter. According to the treat}-, the prisoners were to be sent to Niagara. They went there. The girl had not been sent in, and after much inquiry they learned that she was on the Grand river in Michi- gan. An Indian was .sent to pilot Franklin to the tribeshe was with. They found her, and as .soon as they made their business known the squaws began making great lamentaticms, tore tlieir hair and .she ut- torly ri'fu.scd to U-iivc the Indians. Whrn thfv lumpi'llcd hi r t(i come, the s{|Uriws tore her clothing;' all off and left her naked. Franklin wrapjied hiw hor.se blanket around her, and then racninti-d his horse and an Indian handed her ni>tii him and he carried Iht ofV Ijy foree. They joined hiT mother at Niagara, then returned iKjnie. They stoi)i)ed at father's fordinner, and we tried every way we roidd to familiarize her with the ways of the white people. She was then fourteen years old, and a s(|ua\v in every respi-ct exeept color. She talked with nie afterward and said she was always mortifii'd in com- pany, and yet was unable to overcome the Indian traits and carried them with her through life. She married Mr. Cole, who was one of the first settlers of Sci|)io. "July 4, ITTH. the next day after the battle, when they came into the fort, Qui-en Esther I a half l)reed s(|iiaw ) said she was ' nex'er so tired in her life as she was yesterday killing;- so many darned Van- led to si'alp him. This gave n]y uncle a ehani'i' to e.sca|ie. .V young man came to the fort famished, weary, rat;ged and dirty. Said liis name was Jliiycrs and that he was taken near Sun- bury. The Indians had been so lioulilcsume that a party had turned out to hunt them down. They found no signs of them, and had sat down to eat their lunch and .some of them had begun to |ilay cards. The Indians had conic upon them unex])ectcdly and killed all but him and another one. He was with the Indians two days, when he managed to get hold of one of their kni\ es and cut the conls he was bound with, and crept softly away until he was out of sight and hearing. He had been gone sixteen days and lived on bark and roots. The life of the othei- man he doubted not had paid the forfeit of his csca|]c. He was treated harshl\ l)y the Indians. Mother washed and mended his clothing and he started for home. "Before the hattle we lived near Jonathan Slocum. They had a daughter about my age : her name was Frances. We went to school 100 lug-ether. Mr. Slocuni, his won William and Chester KinKsley went out some distance from the fort to grind some knives ( Mr. Miner's account differs somewhat-" On the 2d of November, 1778, while the two Kingsley boys were engaged in grinding a knife, Nathan, aged fifteen, was shot and scalped by an Indian. Prances Slocum, aged five, the younger Kingsley boy, and a black girl were seized and car- ried away into captivity. On the 16th of December following, while Mr. Slocum, his father-in-law, Isaac Tripp, and William Slocum were foddering cattle, they were fired upon by » party of Indians. Mr. Slocum was shot dead, Mr. Tripp wounded and toniahawked, but Wil- liam escaped"): Frances was with them. The Indians killed Mr. Slocum, wounded William and took Chester and Frances prisoners. Every means was taken to find them but to no purpo.se. When Mrs. Slocum saw me it brought to mind her lost Frances, and many has been the time I have witnessed her tears in speaking of Frances. After Frances became old she was found among the Miamis in In- diana, surrounded by an Indian family of her own. Chester was never heard from to my knowledge. Mr. Slocum's house was not de- stroyed and the family remained there unmolested until our people took the fort. "The Indians had been so troublesome that it vyas thought best to send the army tu destroy their crops and habitations. They went to Tioga Point and then to Catharinetown, and down the west side of Seneca lake to Geneva, cutting their road as they went. They camped with the main army at Tioga, then sent out parties to de- stroy their crops and wigwams. When the crops were near enough to Genesee river they were thrown in, and at other times burned. The Indian families had all left and kept before the army. Their warriors were on the lurk to kill our men when they could. By one of their parties Boyd was tortured because he would nut tell them the situation of our army. He made signs of being a Free Ma- sun. The chief, understanding him, gave orders not to kill him but tu provide for him, as he was going away to be gone some days. Af- ter the chief had gone they (|uestioned Bt)yd again. He would tell them nothing. The Indians took out one end of his intestines and fastened it to a tree, and dro\'e him around it until they were all wound on the tree. They scaljjed and left him. He was found next day. John Sjuilding assisted in carrying him into camp. After sur- 101 \ryinf4' the cdiintry arouml (icncsci', Mii?,i-inv ami Allim's Hill, tlu'\ returned to Seneca lake and divided ; .some ffoing between tlie lakes, othei-s went around the outlet of the Cayufja to tlie east side, '{'here they found a laifje hewed \u'^ house, called a castle, built for a place of worshi]). It had a larye brass lock on the door. Father took it ott', carried it home, put it on his own door and it still remains tliere. They burned the castle. I think it stood neai- whei-e Savonia now stands. The two armies met at Ithat'a attain. They cut down a la rye or- chard near (ieneva. .At Chemung river they had a warm skirmish with the Indians. They were in a gulf Ijetween the hills. Wlien the inhabi- tants were returning to Wyoming after the massacre, the sniall))o.x broke out in the army. "Grandfather and grandmother returned two weeks before we did and moved intcj the house father had built, and while father was af- ter us grandfather and grandmoth<'r were both taken very sick. When we got into the neighborhood we were halted, \accinated and staid there some days. ( irandfather wished tosee us very much ; we were not i)ermitted to go there until he died, when mother and I were permitted to look through the window and view the cold ri'- niains of one who had been dear to me. I felt his loss very mueli. (irandmother recovered. The house was cleaned and we mcjved there. I'^ather had hired a woman to pick up feathers from the cor- ners of the fences and other lodging jilaces. She had enough for two beds, and we made ticks from old tent cloth. We lived there on small means, h itnessing scenes of cruelty every few days. A man and a boy were boiling sap in their cabin. The Indians tomahawl^ed and poured boiling sap down the man's throat, scalped him and took the boy prisoner. Men crossed over Kingston flats to work. The Indians secreted among the bushes and killed a number of our men and they killed an Indian noted for his bravery. He was called Xn- thony Turkey. The rest disappeared. Our men brought over their dead and also Anthony Turkey, laid him on the green bi'foic the fort and all went to \'iew him. The next day they Ktted up an old canoe and i)lacod him in a sitting position, fastened a roo^^lcr be- tween his legs with a peck of corn before him, wrote a pass and fas- tene(l it to his liand. stating where he started from and shoved him in the current of the river. Shcn-th the Indians came near the fort in the night and said, 'Thev ha\'e killed Anthony Turkey,' I his name wiis Anthony Kneebuckle ) and they dehed tho.se in the Ktii'i'i«un to come out and kill them, thinking that they would get them out that way. We were often alarmed in the night and ran to the fort. Much of the time we slept with our clothes on. A party went out to see what they could discover, and they found a mulatto with a very nice spyglass. They could not get him to sjjeak a word. They mar- shalled him, sentenced him to have his lingers pinched with bullet molders and put to torture in other ways, yet could not get a word from him. They sent him to headquarters as a spy, and as father was officer of the day he gave the spyglass to him. "Forty Fort is on the west side of the river ( Susquehanna ) oppo- site Kingston fiats. It was called Forty Fort, because forty men were there from Connecticut to help build it. I think grandfather was one of the forty men. There were three or tour springs coming out of the bank directly in front of the fort, and there the river is so wide that small arms on the opposite side can do no damage. The guard house was a small distance from it, and ti part of the time was occu- pied for a school-room. One day we heard the report of a gun di- rectly in front of the door and windows soon after school had opened in the afternoon, and a scene of confusion instantly commenced. Teachers and scholars sprang for the door and windows, getting out as liest they could, and ran for the fort. Soon after we learned an Indian had been concealed in the bushes watching the movements at the fort, and that there were 100 more further back. They ex- pected to come at night and take the fort by surprise. The Indian said he could have hit a number of us with his gun while we were at jjlay at noon. Our seats ran from the door directly back and were tilled with .scholars. He pointed to see how many he could hit with one .shot, and in putting his gun down he accidentally hit it against a bu.sh and it went off, and put all on their guard," They left for thitt time. When General Snllivan was marching his army into Wilkes-Barre to drive back the Indians, father watched until he saw them come over the mountain, then he called us all to him and let us look through the spygla.ss to see them, and told us we might go to bed and sleep that night. Our joy was beyond description.^ "These .scenes finally closed and we were settled quite securely wlien on March 24, 1784, we were visited by an ice flood in tlie niglit which did great damage. We were awakened Ijv one of our neigh- lo:; lj(n's tifttT tlu' Welter had surniunilctl our huiisi'. We all i^nt away and went to high land, where we were joined by many others. They built a large tire in the tields and we remained there until daylight, when they discovered a family by the name of Pierce in a black wal- nut tree which stood in front of their door. Mr. Pierce had drawn liis canoe up near his house and lashed it to a tree to feed his cattle in : he awoke, in the night and found his bed in the water. They went into the chamber and knocked a hole through the roof and sat on the peak of the house. A son four years old was left in the house until near day, when a cake of ice canje against the house and knocked the chimney down. He called out, 'What is that?' They asked to know where he was. and he said 'Here on a board.' They drew him up with the rest of the family, and hnally they siuu'eeded in getting in their canoe~ and from there to the tree where they ri'- mained until near noon before they could be got otf. ■• The settlement was mostly overflowed and nearly all the cattle, sheep and hogs were drowned or carried away in the night. In the morning we saw a hencoop tlcjating down with a rooster cm the toj) crowing. Such a flood had not been known before, and I ha\ e not heard of any since that comi>ared with it. Father and others went about ten miles to a place that had been vacated in the time of tlie war and cut gra.ss to winter the cattle. My brother .\very and anothei' man went there to take care of the stock. They carried their i)rovisions. built a i-abin and cooked for themsehcs. The winter was very severe, tlie snow very decji, so there was no passage to and fro until the middle of March, when three men fixed snow shovels and went to sec what had been their fate. They found them well and remained a few days. After they had eaten what pro- visions they had carried with them they killed a heifer and lived on beef. Then they took the fences from the stacks, and all started for home and reached there a few days before the flood. By this means our cattle were saved, but the hogs were drowned. The darkness of the night was doubtless ,i great saving of human life; as the ijcople could sec nothing all escapeil as fast as they could to high ground. Only one man was drowned near here. Mr. .\sa .Jackson and Uncle Daniel (iore wci'e together. Uncle Daniel got into his skitf and rode safely acro.ss the fiats. The other man got on his horse and rode j)arl way, when a block of ice came against him and both he and his 104 horse were drowned. As soon as the water had settled we returned to our house. My brother was the first to enter. He stepped upon a loose board^nd went under water into the cellar. A chest we had our best clothes in had a pound of copperas in also, and everything was nicely colored and all things about the house compared with that. " All went to work again to prepare for another year's crops, when on May 1 we received orders from the Pennamites to leave the place. They had a treaty with the Indians, and had hired them to come and plunder and drive off the settlers. Many of the settlers not wishing to engage in any more warfare, prepared to move, some going to Connecticut, others went up the river about thirty miles to a place called Bowman's Creek. We started the 18th for that place. The first day we went ten miles. There were sixty or seventy in the company, and each one that was able carried a pack or bundle. The heavy articles were carried in canoes. At night they would unload and camp until daylight. The second morning we saw a boat return- ing, and mother got a passage for my youngest sister, Sally, in a canoe, and left Anna and myself to make our way the best we could with the others. We kept in their company until we came to Uncle Dan- iel Gore's on Bowman's flats. We had driven down some stakes and peeled bark, and wove in and made a small room. Mother returned in a few days. At that time father was at the assembly in New Jer- sey and did not return until June. After making their families as comfortable as they could, the men went back to defend their rights. They had a battle and a number were killed on both sides. They proposed coming together the next day. All laid down arms, and as soon as the attention of our men was drawn towards the speaker their commander gave ' Order Arms,' and they secured the guns of our men and took most of them prisoners. My brother was one of them, and was kept in jail until there was a settlement with the col- onies. Colonel Swift tried to fire the fort in their possession one dark night. He was discovered and was wounded by a shot from the fort. His men carried him away and concealed him until he could be car- ried farther. They brought him to our house, where he remained three weeks. He left as soon as he was able, for the enemy were on the lookout for him. He started in the morning for Owego. That night there came a company and surrounded our house : two or thic-i' came in ho ^liU that none awcjkc until they" lit a candlr, when the liu;ht awoke father. They asked for Swift. I'\ither told them he left here in the morning, and he thought him out of their reach for that time. Tliey searched until they were satislied, then lay down upon our floor ( which was composed of solid earth ) until morning Our house was in part, the one I spoke of, my uncle's building of stakes and barks. After father returned, he added another room of bushes and there we lived until November. Then fatlier and mother went down the river to get the rest of their goods, and left my three sisters and myself alone. The second day we saw a boat coming up the river : we heard their voices, we watched it and it did not pass, nor could we see anyone. Being accustomed to the fear of men, we put out the light, covered the fire and sat out doors most of the night. We were not disturbed, and we learned afterwards that they had been stealing ])lums, as there was a large plum orchard near. "In Xo\cmber, father, with two other families, moved about forty miles U]) the ri\'er. T'he season had Ijeen very dry and warm and the river low. Our goods were carried in canoes «ith hands to ro«' them. The rest travelled on foot along the bank of the river. The boats often got stuck, and we had ropes fastened to them to pull them along. All took hold to help, and some of them were in the wa- ter most of the time while assisting in towing the boats. My uncle had the fever and ague and every other day he rode on horseback. His tits came on in the afternoon, and Wealthy and myself took turns go- ing ahead to wait on him while his tits were on. We would go as far as we thought the company \sould go that day, then make what preparations we could for their coming. One night the boats did n(jt come. The boys got there with the cows. I carried a drink- ing cup and we all had our supper and breakfast from tlie cup. T had the saddle for a pillow and the boys found their beds as best they could. The rest of the company came up about ten o'clock They had had more than usual trouble with the boats. After taking a rest we all moved on. ••We settled near the mouth of the Chemung river, on (^lueen Es- ther's flats ; remained there one year, then moved ten mill's down the river upon the opposite side in the town of Sheshequin. There my parents spent the remainder of their days, and there Grandmother 10(i Gore died in 1804, aged 83 year.s. At the iv^i' of. 19, Oetoljer I'.l, 17H!-i, I was married to Elisha Durkee and moved to Scipio, Cayuga coun- ty. New York, in. cunii)any with William Patrick and family. One company had gone before u,s. They followed the old Sullivan road to the head of Seneca lake. There thi-y tixed up some boats left l)V the army and went down the lake, and" from Seneca river up the outlet of Cayuga lake. Our boat was leaky and we had to unload and caulk it often and dry our clothes. We had but little, and it took but little time to unload. Wc would go ashore and camp at night. When we arrived at our destined place, Mr. Durkee dro^■e down two stakes in front of a large log, put up some poles, cov- ered the top with bark and set up branches at the end. There we spent the summer of 17S9. In the fall we built a log house on the ea.st shore of Cayuga lake, about half way between Aurora and where Savannah now stands. All the boards used were split and hewed In December I gave birth to a daughter (Betsy Durkee Sweetland ). She was the first whit" child born in the town of Scipio. We lived there two years, during which time it had become settled all along the shore tor miles. Captain Franklin, who married Mrs. Lester, moved here and settled on a farm where Aurora now stands, with money to pay for it when it came for sale : but not being able to see his neighbors starve around him. he had lent his money to Ijuy pro- \-isions with, so he could not p^ay for the whole. He agreed with a man to deed the whole and lease him half. The man had a friend who was willing to .join him in robbing Franklin of it all. That was too much for him : he became dei'anged and shot himself. It was a heavy blow to the whole settlement, for he had been a father to all. We lived on the Indian reserve and got a title of them in 1791. Cio\- ernor Clinton sent orders to drive off the inhabitants and burn their buildings and fences, and we were again compelled to be homeli'ss. Our house was burned as well as those of all others. I had two children at that time. I remained there and cooked by the tire of our house one week, then started on hors,>back with my children tor Shesheiiuin. Mr. Durkee built a rail pen, chinked it with buckwheat straw, and remained there throughout tbe winter to care for his cattle. In the spring he moved on the old Watkins farm at Scipioville and lived there one year. Then he bought a farm of "ilJO acres of Gilberrv 107 Ti'cicy at Sil.2.") per aci-i-. one mile west and one mile soutli of what is called Scipio Center. "Eli.sha Durkee's mother's maiden nann' was Molly Benjamin. Her father was sent to England as a repi-esentative of the Conneeti cut colonics, was taken sick and died there. His t;''andmother's maiden name was Molton. She was a Scotch woman and a noted doctress." Joseph Spalding, tme of the origiiia! proprietofs of the Stisqtiehaiuia Company's township of Lester, caiuc to SheshLM|uiii ill 1784 or 'S;!. He was a descendant in the fifth generation from Edward vSpalding and distant rela- tive (if Cieneral Simell. His children were : Wclthy (Mrs. Benedict Satterlee), JoJiv, Jloinird, .Jurtd, Itdchcl (Mr,s. Daniel Snell), Sarali (Mrs. Amasa Hamlilin), Siniim and C('lf'>;li(t (Mrs. Isaac Morley) The eldest son, .John, oc- cupied the lioniestead and after holditig many local posi- tions in 1.S15 was elected the second sheriff of Bradford Comity. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. ,Ainos Prentice. Their children were: ( u'orge, Owen, Amos P., William, Julia Ann (wife of Rev. Curtis Thurston), Joseph, John, Edward, Harriet (wife of Rev. Alpha A\'ar- ren) and Jesse. John Spalding died Aug. 11, ls,'")2, aged nearly 79 years. 108 The Murphy Family.— Five sous ofObadiah Gore and two sons-in-law, John Murphy and Timothy Pearce, sealed with' their lives at the battle of Wyoming their attach- ment to freedom'. On the day of the massacre Mis. Murphy, who witnessed the terrible scene, with others broke through the guard stationed around Forty Fort, escaped to the river and in a boat floated down to Sun- bury ; thence traveled across the wilderness to the Dela- ware river near Stroudsburg. Here on the 30th of Sep- tember in Esquire Depew's barn was born to Mrs. Mur- phy a son, whom she named George — famous 100 years later as "the centenarian." After the war Mrs. Murphv returned with her children to Wyoming, which became her permanent abode. George Murphy, son of John and Sally (Gore) Murphy, at the age of seven years, came to Sheshequin to live with his uncle, Judge Gore. Upon the establish- ment of a mail route through the wilderness from the Wyoming valley to the lake country ( Canandaigua ) he had the honor of being the first post-boy on the route, and made the trips on horseback once a week. In 1803 he married Lydia Wallace and took up a farm in the wilderness on what is now Towner Hill. Here he strug- gled with the wild woods and suffered many privations. Such supplies as could be had he carried in on his back from Sheshequin. The Red Man was gone, but ferocious wild beasts lurked on every side. Being a good hunts- man from the abundance of game, however, he kept a well supplied larder. He cleared ui) a considerable part 10'.) of his l()0-;icr(3 farm, \vliic-li he sold in IS 15 and I'cniovL-d to the placo now occupied hy his son, Ira, wheie he con- tinued to reside, till the time of his deiith in his 101st vear. In his \oi'\u; life he never called a doctor and re- tained his mental faculties to a remarkahle decree till tlie viM'v last. He kept up his active hahits ami lahorcd in the fields and garden until he was very ai^ed. On the ;;Oth of September, 1.S78, he celebrated the 100th anni- versary of his birth, several hundred people gathering to do him honor. On the occasion, Hon. 0. H. P. Kinne\- delivered an address, who, in part, said : " (ii-erKc Murphy was born 100 years ago to-day, and his neighbors are here to do reverence to the centenarian and express their gratitude for what he and his compeers of the past century ha^e done for them. Here lie has lived and labored 93 years — a longer period, jierhaps, than any other man in this country ever resided in one immediate vi- cinity. It may properly )>e said that he lived that very long period of time in one town ; for, although a portion of the time was spent in the town.ship of Rome, that part of Rome in which he resided was taken from Sheshequin to create the new town. Remarkable events ha\'e occurred in the lifetime of Mr. Murphy. When he first saw the light, the country was in thi' midst of that great Revolutionary struggle, which will jiass down the annals of time as a memorable epoch in the history of the world. When he came to Sheshei|uin the war had just closed, and he was old enough to remember, more or le.ss distinctly, the formation of the Constitution of the United States, and its ratification by the thirteen colonics which eonstituted us a nation in the great families of nations. He saw his country pass through and come victoriously out of the War of ISlti a war which settled forever some of the most important international (|uestions ever submitted to the arbitrament of the sword. He dwelt among thesi' hills during the war with Mexico, and saw almost an empire added to our domain as the result of that conflict. He took much interest in the great Civil war, which shook to its very foundation no the government he saw established in his infancy : and he was spared to see it come out thence stronger by the four years' conflict, and so purified and so free that none but freemen now tread American soil. He now finds, as his century of life is completed, a nation of 3,000,000 people grown to one of 45,000,000, and spread over a territory larger than any empire of the earth. Nu nation in the history of the world has ever made such gigantic strides in its increase of population and territory in a single century. These are briefly a few of tlie great national events and achie\ements wrought out in a single lifetime. And they are of small momeiit compared with the growth of the country in the more important elements of human advancement and civilization. One hundred years ago this whole region of country, embracing an area of what is now several counties, was an almost unbroken wilderness, occupied in the most superficial way by tribes of roving Indians. From Wyoming on the south to the lakes on the north, the sound of the woodman's axe had scarcely yet awakened the echoes of these hills : and it was not till General Sullivan with a large army passed up these valleys to the Genesee country, completely destroying the power of the Six Na- tions, and scattered them to the Canadas, that this beautiful country was opened to a higher order of civilization. We all realize, in some faint degree, the toils and hardships incident to commencing life in the wilderness. For long years our fathers struggled with rugged nature among these hills, securing by the most arduous and persistent toil but a scanty subsistence. The valley of Sheshequin was most favored of all this section of the country. The lands being prairie in their natures, rich of soil but sparsely wooded, with frequent wide openings where the Indians had cultivated corn in their crude way, they soon became productive, and afforded a surplus to their fortu- nate owners. They became the Egypt of this country, whence the suffering pioneers of other and less favored localities drew their ra- tions of corn, generally without money and without price. As the settlements extended east and west, the settlers made pilgrimages every spring to the valley of Sheshe.juin for provisions, and they were never sent empty away. There are some here to-day- -myself among them -who remember people comin-' from remote portions of M 1 till' couiiti-y with thi'ir rrudc I'ai'ts on bc^'Ljin;.;' t'i-rantl>, Tor tin- puui- of tlu'ir loralitics. I liavp always felt proud of tlic kindness and s'Pn- ci'cjsity. which in tliosr early days eharaeterized my native town of Sheshe(|uin. Her humanity became ]>ro\erbial all tlic country through. Our \'encrable and aged friend was anions the toilers who helped to feed the hungry and clothe the naked of those slniu'-^lin'^ times. He did his sluire in eonverting- the stubborn wiklerncss into what we sv'c about us to-day. We cannot be too yratefal to those jiiniiccrs for the wonders wrought by their bravi' hearts and strong arms, and foi- the rich inheritance rei.'eived at theii' hands. Nincty- thi'ee years a^^o he saw the farmers K^inu' to Vrillu's-Barre in canoes to {^'I't their ura in {^Tound. the trip re(|uirin;.;' from ten days to two weeks. A horse mail passed through the valley once a week on its way to the lake countries of-Xcw 'i'ork, and he had the honor of be- iny the first [lost-l'oy on that route. A daily newspaper was un- known, and a weekly from Philadelphia reached the valley in about ten days after it was printed, containing' latest news from Enj^'land forly days old. To-day a railroad threads the valley. droppinL;; daily papers from N'ew York and Philadelphia within ten hours after they leave the press. PasseULjers take a slee]ani;' coach at evi^ning and awalicn at early uiornint''. in either of these eitii's. reti'cshed and read\' tor a day of business. But ( 'i-orge Aiurjihy l.as lived to see the time of communication betneen London and Xcw York ri'duced from thirty days to less than thirty seconds. ( )ne hundred years a,'^o newspaiiers were ju'luted on the old Ramage ]ire.^s. and a i;ood pressman could turn out complete about Km news|iapcrs an hour Now. the Bullock or Pl'oe press can ran off. perfci'tly jirinted on both sides and counted and folded ready for the mails, about .'iO.DUU an hour ■ and all without the aid of human hands after Ihe machinery is started. Wore mail mattrr is carried to-day on the Lehigh "\'allcy railroad than was then carri.'il throughout the leno'th and breadth of our land. In a.^'riculture thi- improvements have not Ijeeii less marked or important. Mr. JMurphy, in common with others of that da\ . used the wooden plow and the wooden-tooth harrow, and he reaped his grain with the lu-imitive sickle. Xov.- the polished steel plo''.v, the imjn-uvid drags. eulti\'ators. seed drills, I'tc, reduce the la- 112 bor of tilling the soil fully one-half : while the mower, i'eai)er, horse- rake and horse-fork have almost annihilated the dreaded three months of haying and harvesting ; and with it has disappeared the inevitable pail of milk punch, with which the close of that heated term of toil was celebrated. The ' death maul,' which resounded among these hills through the long dreary months of winter, has given place to the threshing machine, whose mar\-els are hardly second to the mower and reaper." The father of George Murphy was a native of Ireland, and his mother of sturdy New Enghmd stock. Mis long life came to a olose, January 27, IS79. His w'fe, born February 2, 1784, died December G, 1852. Their re- mains repose in a private burial ground on the farm where they spent their closing years. The children of George and Lydia Murphy were: ScUin W., born No- vember 12, 1805, married Hannah Townsend and lived on Towner Hill ; Lucy Aim, born August 10, 1812, inar- ried John Munn of Geneseo, N. Y. ; Jolm and CItestcr both died on the homestead ; PercUIa married Harry Lawless of Rome ; PoUij married Samuel Bailey of Slie- shequin; Ira, born August 20, ]82(), married Amanda Shores and occupies the homestead. He was a .soldier in the Civil war. Captain Jeremiah Shaw, a native of Bristol county, Rhode Island, born February 2, 17:!0, came to Sheshe- quin with his family in 17SG. lie married Abigail Campbell, and in 1772 removed to the State of New York, where he remained till 178G. In the meantime, he had served his country in tlie struggle for Independ- ence. Again seeking better opportunities, he went to 11:', W'ilkes-Barre witli his Faiinly, Avhere ho leinained only a few weeks. Wliile here lie met. (icneral SpahHno-, wlio told him of the beautiful Sheshef)uin flats and ui»'ed him to move his family thither. He, aecordinoly, secured a boat, took his family on board with such ell'ects as he liad and came up the river, reipiiring a journey of several days. He reached the new settlement on the -!lst of April, and took up liis abode with ( leneral Sjxildinc; un- til he could erei't a log house for himself He settled on the farm now owned by Asa ICinner, near the 8heshe(|uin church, and lived thei'C until the time of his death, y\ay •29, 181.',. His wife died .March 10, 181 1, aged C.-l years. The childi'cn of .leremiah and Abigail Shaw were : l']s- ther, Jedediah, Hannah, Ebenezer, .Jeremiah, IJenjamin, Lorin, Abigail, I'hoebe and Deborah. ESTllEi: married Charles Manchester hiry, daughter of (lencrai Simon Spald- ing. A year later he commenced to preacli rniversalism, and in 1707 removed to the State of Ohin. Here he was commissioned a justice of the })oace by < iovcrnor St. Clair. In 1801 lie returned to Bradfoi-d county and purchased a farm in Athens lownsiiip, east of the Susquelianna, Avliere he continued to reside till the timr uf Ids death, .May 30, 1S17. He continued preaching at Siieshequin and Ath- ens till the close of his life. The cliildreii of Moses and Mary Park were : ('yiilhin, l)orn December 'io, 17!t2, married Constant .Mathewson of Athens; ('lurliita, horw April 29, 170"), nuiriied Natlianiel Flower of Athens ; Harriet (\w^\ young; Ainamht, horn November 24, 1799, married Jabez Fish of Sheshequin, died .Inly 7, 1S91 ; Iter, chenter, born .lanuary 20, 1S02, married Lemiia Fish, died in bSSl ; .l/o.>v.s died young; (ie(irg<\ born July 25, ISOCi, married a Miss Hutchins, die.'(ivend)er 2S, ISI:!, married Uev. (J. S. Ames; ( hnniilti' Strrrij, born October .'il, I.SUi. 118 Peter Snyder, who was of (iermaa descent, came from Lafayette, Sussex county, N. J., to Sheshequin in 1789. He purchased several Imndred acres of land, settling the farm in tlie upper part of the valley, now occupied by Elisha Forbes. Here in conjunction with farming, he opened a tanyard, made saddles and harnesses and oper- ated a shoeshop and still at the same time. He accumu- lated a considerable fortune. Mr. Snj^der married first a Miss Larrison, by whom he had three children — Jacob, Mary and Maria. For his second wife, he married Mrs. Mary Young, who had two children by her former mar- riage — Thomais and Mary. The children of Peter and Mary Snyder were : William, Peter, Elizabeth, Kathar- ine, Nancy, John and Benjamin Pitney. Mr. Snyder died January 14, 1822, aged nearly 78 years. His wife, Mary, died June 7, 1847, aged almost 94 years. JACOB removed to Wayne county, N. Y., where he died nnmarrit^d. J/^. I /i" 3' married and removed West, where slie died. WILLIAM ]eamed his father's trade and subsequently lioughi out his business. This, after a few years, he moved to the farm now owned by his .son, William. He also opened a hotel, and "Snyder's" became a place of note, a considerable village springing up around him. He married Hannah, daughter of John Parks, an early settler of Rome. Their children were : Polly ( Mrs. Harry Shaw), Salhj. (Mrs. Nathaniel Moody), Jnlia ( Mrs. C'liarles P''orbes ), Wrigld, wdio married Delila Catlin, Miiinda ( Mrs. George Northrup"), IJnieline ( Mrs. Loren D. Tyrrell ), Eliza (Mrs. Frank Van Norstran ), Wlllidm, \\!io was born NDvemlicr 'l-i, iS'iil, inarrit'd l>aura .M. Elsbree, and Joliu P., who married Sarali F-'rentiss, was killed at Morris Farm, \'a., November '27, iSC,:;. Mi-. Snyder died October 12, iSCiU, in liis Tsth yoai', and liis wife, Hannaii, .lune 19, ISSI, ajit'd nearly IHI years. ELIZA IIETIJ married a Mr. Wheeler, removed t., was killed at the battle of Chancellorsville. liEN.IAMlS /'/VA'A')' married for his first wife Polly M. Harris, lie died in Athens townshi|), where he was an extensive farmer. J/.l 7,7.-1 and /'A'Y'AV.Mied young. William Witter Spalding-, a few years after Oeneral Spalding, a distant relative, had seltled in Sheshe({uin, came from New i'^ngland and joined his settlement. Jle was a descendant in the .sixth generation from Edward Sjialding, and a sou of Oliver and Nhiry (Witter) S[)ald- iug, being born at Plainlield, Conn., November IS, I7(i7. His father was a soldier in the "()ld Frencli A\'ar," and also the war of tlie Revolution. In 1789, .\Ir. Spaldiug married Rebecca, daughter of Oeneral Spalding. He set- tled near his father-in-law, and took an active part in the alfaii's incident to the new settlement. In 1792, he was ]20 appointed the lirst constable for Hheshequin, tm oflice he lield, at different times, for several years. He was the crowning athlete of the neighborhood, as tlie following will illustrate: "In 1790, the Six Nations \vent on a treaty mission to Philadelphia. On their return they stopped at General Spalding's and challenged the whites for a foot race. The challenge was accepted, and Wil- liam Witter Spalding selected as the champion of the settlers and won the race. This gave umbrage to the In- dians, and then Spalding challenged them to run a mile, but it was refused, and peace was maintained with much difficulty, the Indians drawing their knives for fighting." Mr. Spalding removed to Genesee, N. Y., where he re- sided a short time. Here his wife died in, April, 1813, when he returned to Sheshequin with his family. He spent his last days with his son, Colonel Robert Spalding in Wj'sox, where he died October 16, 1845. He is buried in Sheshequin. The children of William Witter and Re- becca Spalding were : Robert, Morris, Anna, Maria, .John Adams, Erastus, Harriet B., Ruth Ann, Alexander Hamilton and .Jane Rebecca. COLONEL ROBEiri] born .July 1, 1790, married Au- relia, daughter of Elisha and Cynthia ( Stevens ) Satterlee of Athens. Ho engaged in farming, east of the river, in Athens township till 1840, when he sold hisfarm and re- moved to Wysox, where he had purchased the Seth T. Barstow place. Here he engaged extensively in farming and lumbering and also for a time kept a general store. He became widely known as one of the most prominent business men of the county. He was a colonel in the 1 ■_' 1 stale militia, active in religious work and u philautlii'o- pist. He died in Wysox, October G, }sry.',. His wife, born August ft, 179:', died September 17, iscy. Their children were: ('ynthin >'., wife of Francis A. Tvlei' of Athens; Alexander Hnv^on. a prominent citizen and tlic sevenieentli sheriff of the county, died in 18S2 ; ('hentfr I'ierrc. who died in Towanda in 1896 ; Jiebecca, who married Silas P. Gore of Sheshequin ; Lemira A',, who married Morris •). Coolbangh of Wysox and remos'ed to Kansas; Majnr hrn/'l I'., who died from the effects of wounds received at the battle of (iettvsbnrg; Avrelia, wife of .Terre M. Collins of Towanda, died in 1892 ; Mary P., wife of Hon. C. S. Russell of Towanda ; Heleu J/., wife of William Flwell, Jr., removed to Wisconsin where she died in JNS7. Mounts, born March 21, 1702, married Carassa Cash, was copnty commissioner from 1834 to ls;5(;, removed West and died at Tiskilwa, 111., May T), iSCf,. -lAAVI, born .hine ;i, 1794, married Henry Smith of Avoca, X. Y. j1/J/i'A4, born October!, 179(;, married William Briggs of Athens. .lOHX ADAMS, born September 7, 17'.i',), died in ^[aryland, April 7, 1S47. y<;/.M.S'77W, born October 17, 1802, removed to Tisk- ilwa, III. HARRlF/r 11., born May 20, 1804, married Cyrus M. Johnson and lived in Chicago, 111. lUJTfr AXX, born May S, ISdC,, married Henry Marcy. ALEXANDER IL, born December 5, 1809, married Jane Gardner, died at Athens in 1839, JANE REBECCA was born March 3, 1813. ■ The Hortons.— The most numerous family settling in Sheshequin, whose prolific familj' record has been kept good down' to the present time, is that of Horton. The Hortons- aire" of English origin, their ancestry dating back to Robert' ds^Hirton in the thirteenth century. Barna- basHorton, the first of the family to come to America, landedi-^tn Massachusetts about 1633. He removed to New Haven, €oiin., and afterwards formed one of the company that crossed to the eastern end of Long Island aiid settled the town of Southhold, being one of the pat- entees of that place. Joseph, son of Barnabas Hortbn, removed to Eye, Westchester county, N. Y. From him descended in successive generations, David, John and Richard. The last named was the father of Elijah, the Sheshequin pioneer. Elijah Horton, son of Ricliard and Jemima (Wright) Horton, was born in Peekskill, N. Y., August 7, 1739. About 1762 he married Jemima Currie. Be- ing desirous of giving his aid in the struggle for Inde- pendence, on the 22d of February, 1778, he enlisted as a private in Captain Fox's company of Henley's regiment. Continental Troops, for a term of three years. He served until November 24, 1770, when he was "invalided." About 1780 he removed from Peekskill to Stroudsburg, Monroe county, Pa., where he purchased a form. Owing to the depreciation of Continental monev (of which he 1 -i:; had enough to pas' for liis land) lie was coinpelled to give up his farm and removed to Middle Smith field, i'a., where lie lived for a time. l''rom the latter i)lace, about the year 1790, he came to Slieshequiii and settled near the river on lands now owned by Frank Briojiam. Hero he continued to reside till the close of his life. In ISK), when lie was 77 yearsof age, the following notice appeared in the Brndford Un:H/' : " There is now living in the township of ULster ( which then embraced Sheshe- (juin ), this count}', Mr. Elijah Hortoii and .Temiina, his wife, who have now living r2 children, 7 1 grandchildren and ■J;'> great-grandchildren, amounting in all lo lOlt. Mr. Horton and his wife are in good health. He takes care of hi.s stock of horses, cattle, etc., breaks his own colts and cuts his wood. His wife performs the household business without necessit}' of assistance from younger ])ersons; tliey, therefore, have no person in their family but themselves. The eldest of their children has living- nine chilflren and twelve grandchildren ; the other eleven of their children have all been married and had children," Mr. and .Mrs. Horton were both faithful members of the Baptist clinrch. He died August 14, fS21, aged nearly S2 years, liis wife, Jemima, ( born .Inly (>, 1744), died .March 11, is-Jo, aged nearly Si years. Both are buried in the Hornbrook cemetery. I'nto Klijali and .lemima Horton were born seven sons and five daughters : Eliz- abeth, Richard, Elijah M., Jemima, Fanny, Isaac, .loshua, Esther, Phoebe, (Jilbert, Stephen ami William. ELIZABETH, born at IVok.skill, N. Y., .Inly i'.i, 1704, mai'ried Benjamin Brink, a soldier of the lievfilu- 1 24 tionary war ; came to Shesliequin witli her Imsbaiid and died there, Januarj' 31, 1830. inCHARI), born at Peekskill in 1770, married Tabi- tlia, daughter of Isaac and Anna ( Ulttemore ) Ja3nie. After liis marriage he settled at ^[iddlc Smitiihcld, Pa., DAVID nonmx. where ho remained till 17;)2\vheii lie removed to Shc- she(|nin, settling on what is now the Towner place, which he imrchased of Arnold Franklin. Here, as carlv as ISdS. he opened a house of public entertainment, the first in Lower SlieslKMjuin and cDiilinuO'l as an iiinkcrjicr for a nnmbcr of voars. Tn his old nuc lie lived wilh his son, David, wlicrc lie died abont ]s:!h Botli lie and iiis wile are hnried in Ihe Ilornbrook cemetery. The ehilchx'n of IFAXX.m, WIFi: OF ]>A]'II) IIOHTO.X. Hiehard and Tabilha Ilorton were : David, Isaac ■)., Anna, Tabitha 1st, Jemima, Tabitha 2d, iietsey, Diana, Itieliard, -Joscpliinc, -laiie and Loiinila. J>itrtil. horn ( )i'- 12(3 tober 22, 1788, came to Sheshequin with his father's fam- ily. He married Hannah Newell ( born in Sheshequin, February 5, 1794 ). He was a man of much enterprise. In 1812 he settled on the George L, Horton place, where he died June 22, 1875. His wife died January 28, 1875. The children of David and Hannah Horton, all of whom were born in Sheshequin, were: Richard N., Nancy S. (]\Irs. James DeMoney ), Rhoda B. (Mrs. Richard T. Horton ), Daniel J., Tabitha ( Mrs. Moses Canfield ), Eliza A., (died at 16 ), Adaline, (Mrs. Charles Chaffee ), Da- vid, Benjamin, William P., Hannah (Mrs. C. D. H. Cole ), Joseph E. and George Jj. Isaac Jayne married Ruth N. Ferguson, removed to Coles county, 111. Anna married Caleb Shores of Wysox and reared a large fam- ily. Tabitha (1st ) died young. Jemiona married John Lyons. Tabitha (Sd) married Nathaniel Shores. Betsey married George A'^ibbert. Diana married Steplien Shores. Richard married Eliza, daughter of James Shores of She- shequin. Their children were : James, Elizabeth (Mrs. Abel Barner) and Tabitha A. (Mrs. Philip Seebich ). Josephine married Daniel Culver of Sheshequin. Jaue married Aaron Shores and move^d \\'est. LoHnda mar- ried Orrin Smitli. ELIJAH M., born in Peekskill, N. Y., June 9, 1768, married Pamela Ogden in 1791, and the following year came to Sheshequin. He settled on the farm now owned by E. H. Brigham, where he died August 9, 18:55. Tlie fliildren of Elijah M. and Pamela Horton were : Isaac S., Ciliarles, John, Lydia, Mary, Betsv, Elijah and Jane. l-_'7 Mrs. Hui'ton died February 11, 180-1, a;;cd 40 yt'iirs. Mr. Hortou subsequently married Abigail Billiard, who bore bim William B. and i.ucinda. She died March .'!, l8.4o, aged Oo year.s. All are buried in the Hornbrook cemetery. Of the children ; Imac Xu.ydi'rm(ivv\ed Han- nah, daughter of.Iolin and Elizabeth ( Snyder ) Elliott of Sheshequin. He took up land in a dense wilderness,several miles from any inhabitant, cleared it up and then bought several other farms and as.sisted in clearing those. He was not only a farmer, but occasionally a hunter a^ well, "frequently taking his rifle," as he says, and going into the woods not far from his house lie would knock down a deer or two and return home by brealcfast time. One morning in June some seventy years ago he took his gun and went out into the woods about half a mile from his home, when a tine buck appeared before him and down he went. While reloading his gun he heard a wolf howl, and going a little furthei' he brought liim down also. On returning to the place where he shot the deer, behold a huge panther had taken possession of the buck and was regaling himself by licking up the blood and preparing to feast upon the carca.ss. He stood still for some minutes, thinking it ratlier cruel to kill him before he had a chance to take his till of his much cov- eted food. But, at length, the panther saw him and showed signs of tight, and he then put a ball through his brains. On going home for his team, hr found he had been absent only a little over an hour. Mr. Hortou was a man of strong constitution and lived lo a good old Vis ago, ilyiiig at tlie homestead about two miles from Ghent. The children of Isaac and Hannah Hoiton were: Sylvester, Emily (Mrs. Reuben Young), John E., Joseph, Lydia ( Mrs. Edward Vought ), Elijah, George, Elizabeth (Mrs. W. C. Ransom), James, Snyder, Han- nah ( Mrs. B. H. White ) and Isaac R. Charleif married Sally Brink of Sheshequin. Their children were Perley, Myron, Orrin, Jefferson, Burton, Benjamin and Charles. John married Margaret Rote and removed West. Lydin married Rev. David Blackraan. Mary married first Smith Horton, second Rufus Cooley. Betsy married King Shores. Elijah married Elizabeth Ferguson. Their children were Rockwell, Stephen, Ogden, Curtis and Jemima. Jane Jemima married Joseph Elliott. William Bnllard married first Melinda, daughter of Col. Franklin Blackman of Sheshequin. Their children were Harry L., Horace, Elizabeth ( Mrs. Perley Hutchins Kinney), Amazilla ( Mrs. Henry C. Kinney), Mary E. (Mrs. William M. Sliores). Mr. Horton married second Saloma J., daughter of .Jereniiali Kilmer of Sheshequin. Unto them were born Miles E. and Rowena H. (Mrs. T. f light married Alliert Tuttle of Sheshe- <|uin, who removed to Miniies, 1812, married Arnold F. Ferguson, died vSeptember '2lt, IS.SO; CfliiKlii ]>., born July IH, 1810, married Richard II. Fuller, died December 2:!, I Sits ; Jfirain L., born February 2:^, 1819, married Caroline Ayer, died in Cali- fornia, Decembei' 10, ISftO; lFe«/i'A// .1*//*, born February ij, 1821, married Kuss(dl S. Ayei', resides at Norwood Park, Chicago ; Daiid ./., born May 23, ls-i:i, married i^^stlier, daughter of .Joshua Ilorton, removed to Wiscon- sin, died .\pril (>, 1888; ./owpli /-'., born .June '.), 182"), married Lucy Ann, daughter of William Ibjrton, resides at Hornbrook : Mari/ A'., born Api'ii 20, 1s2s, married W. H. Shaw, died April 19, 1898 ; (/>■<, n/r IF, born 1- ruai'y 19, 1831, married first Ada M. Kinney and second Margarel E. llillis : lie lias been prominent in Odd I'Vl- low work, was prothonotary from 1S79 to 'S,'), and is one of the most popular and highly esteemed citizens of the county; resiiles in Towanda. Colonel Blackman died 130 Auo-nst 14, ISSO, aged nearly 93 years. Ilis wife, Sihyl, a most estimable lady, born October 6, 1788, died De- cember 12, 1864. ELTSHA, wlu^n a young man, settled at Pittston, Pa;, where he died at the age of 93 years. DAVID X, horn on the homestead in Sheshequin, married Lydia, daughter of Elijah M. Horton, became a Methodist preacher of much power ; he owned and occu- nied the Horace Horton place at Horn brook, where he died September 5, 1828, aged 34 years. Ilis children were Sterling, Bibbins, Franklin, Charles Ichabod. Elijah and David. Sterling, Bibbins, Elijah and Eranklin set- tled at Rochelle, Illinois, of whom the last named is liv- ing. Charles I. died in California. Darid went to the Mexican war, which was the last ever known of him. Rev. David's widow subsequently married (leorge Bil- lings and removed to Illinois. Mrs. Icliabod Blackman married for her second hus- band Timothy .Winship, a Hartford merchant, who had purchased the Connecticut title of all the lands embraced in tlie present township of Herrick. She died .lune 9, 1809, aged 42 years, and is buried in tin" Ilornbrook cemetery. Benjamin Brink, a Revolutionary soldier, who had married Elizabotli Horton, came to Siieslie<|uiu with the Hortons. He was born of Dutch parentage, August 29, 1703, at Kingwood, Morris county, X. J. He removed to Lower Smitiitibld, Northampton county, Pa., where he was living at tlio broakint;- out of tiie Revoluiionarv war. hi tliu ypriugol' 17nO Ik,' enlisted iis :i private in the euni- pany comiiiarKled by Captain Henry Siioemaicer, Colonel John Chambers' i-egiment, for tln' term fUiriug the war. The nature of his service and the duties perforrnefl by him were eonfined to the line of fortifications upon the Pennsylvania side of tiie Delaware river to prote<^t the .settlers from the Indians and Tories. He was employed in garrison duty, building and repairing forts; taking his regular turn in mounting guard on sentry, spies and scouts. He continued in the service till the latter part of ]783, when he was discharged. After the close of the war he continued to live in Lower Smithfield till the time of his removal to Sheshecjuin. His wife having died in 1830, he went to Elmira, N. V. ; remained there a few years, then returned to Sheshequin and spent ijis closing days on what is known as the "Beidleman farm." He was given a pension of $8 per month, under the Act of 1832, dating from March 4, 1831. He died December 31, 1845, and his remains repose beside those of his wife in the old Sheshequin cemetery. The children of Ben- jamin and Elizabeth Brink were : Daniel, Jemima, Ra- chel, Benjamin. Elijah, John, Elizabeth, James and Hester. DAXIEL, tiorn in Lower Smithtield, Pa., June o, 1787. came to Sheshequin with his father's family when a child. After reaching man's estate he purchased the farm at Hornbrook now owned and occupied by John H. Chaffee. Here he lived many years, and as early as 1839 opened a public house in what is now the present 13« Ohaffee residence. Later he engaged extensively in the mercantile business, which he pursued in connection with farming. His store stood on the opposite side of the road from his hotel. In 1849 Harry L. Horton, the New York banker and millionaire, received his iirst lessons in business affairs as a clerk in Mr. Brink's store. In 1842 Mr. Brink was elected county commissioner and served a term of three years. He sold out his interests in She- shequin in 1854 and removed to Rochelle, III., where he died in 1885 at the age of 98 years. Daniel Brink mar- ried Rachel, daughter of -lesse Smith. Their children were: Daniel, Benjamin, Polly (Mrs. Ithiel Horton), Jane ( Mrs. James M. Peck ), Matilda ( Mrs. Thomas Mi- nier ), Betsy (Mrs. .loshua Horton) and Sally (Mrs. Charles Horton ). JEMIMA, born February 1, 1789, married Jonas Smith of Sheshequin, died December 23, 1825. RACHEL, born March 3, 1791, married John M. Smith of Sheshequin, reared a large family and died March 7, 1872, BENJAMIN, JR., born May 12, 1798, married for his first wife a Miss Rogers. Their children were Amanda and T. Worthy. For his second wife he married Polly Forbes of Sheshequin. The children resulting from this marriage were Delilah (Mrs. Crans) and John. Mr. Brink lived in the upper end of the town, near the nar- rows. He died December 28, 1830, and is buried in the Sheshequin cemetery. i:!H ELIJAH, bniii Miiy :!, 1795, \vn> a slujcuiakei- ; he died July 14, 1817, unmarried. JOHX, born Feln-iiary S, ITD.S, married Anjauda Se^ gar of Sheshequin. He lived on the place now uwiieil by D. W. < Chaffee. He died November -i.'j, iS74,and his wife (born April 2S, 180(j, ) May -JCi, isiw The chil- dren of John and Amanda Brink \vere : Oi'di:/-' ( Mrs. Percival Powell of Towanda ), Elizabeth, unmarried, I'e- siding at Ulster, (''A'//7es died at the age of Hi years, Julia died at the age of 10 years, JdIui E. married Ellen, daugh- ter of John Horton of Horubrook, and resides at (.Ireslmi, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Brink are buried in tiie Sheshec;|uin eeiiielery. ELIZABETH, born Ueceudjer s, 171)'..), married Henry Bensley _or Barton, N. Y., and had three children, John, ArcliihaUl and Man/. JAMLS, born November I'y, {^{)\, married .Mary Ann Bensley, sister of Henry, the husband of Elizabeth Brink. He spent the greater part of his life in Sheshequin, tlien resided in different places. He died May 11, issi, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Layton, in Towanda. The children of .lames and Ahiry A. Brink were : Wil- liam, Bell/a iiiin, Isaac, Sei'lct/, lli'luria ( Mi's, .\.. .1. Lay- ton ) and James. Mr. and Mrs. Brink are buried at \^'a- verly, N. V HKSTEB, born .luly '1\, ISOti, married Archibald Forbes of Sheshequin. She was the mother of a large family and died March 13. UiDl, aged nearly l'.'" veais Iff) William Ferguson, a bruUier-in-Iaw of Ichabod Black- man, who had married Patience, daughter of Jonathan Franklin, came to Sheshequin about 1791, settling on the farm now owned by Theodore Smith at Black. He cleared a considerable part of the farm and died there February 10, 1826, aged 64 years. His children were : William, a shoemaker, married Nancy, daughter of James Shores, and removed West ; Stephen married a Miss At- wood of Wysox and also went West ; Benjamin married and removed from the count}' ; Arnold F. married Eliza- beth, daughter of Franklin Blackman, removed to Strea- tor, 111., where he died ; Oartis married Ethlinda, daugh- ter of CaleTa Shores, and lived at Ghent ; Jemima married Jesse R. Drake of Wysox ; Elizabeth married Elijah, son of Elijah M. Horton ; Ruth X. married Isaac Jayne Hor- ton. Some years after the death of Mr. Ferguson, the property was sold to Hezekiah Smith, and Mrs. Ferguson went West with her sons. Eliphalet Gustin, a native of Vermont and "journey- ing shoemaker," who had married Jemima Horton of Stroudsburg, Pa., came to Sheshequin in 1792. He made the journey up the river with his wife, two chil- dren and a few hou,sehold effects' in a canoe. He landed at the mouth of Hornbrook Creek and took up lands, part of which is now included in the Frank Brigham place and the M. E. church lot. While living here he began excavating at the moutii of the creek with a view of erecting a mill, tn the course of his digging he came upon an enormous lioni, from which circumstance the Hlreaii) aiul localiLy deri\e tlioir iiaixitj — Hoinlnuuk. (Jncr Mr. Gustin and Benjamin Brink pursued a bear and suc- ceeded in running him into the river. They followed in a log-eanoe, and overtaking Bruin eared and tliey supposed they had sent him to the bot- tom of the river. Suddenly, both hunters found them- selves in the water, and Bruin in charge of an upturned craft. The bear now had the advantage, as tlie water was deep and his pursuers could only save themselves by clinging to the ends of tlie canoe. After simie effort tlie canoe was floated to a point wliei'e bottom could he touched. Mr. (.lustin held the canoe with its valuable cargo, while Mr, Brink attempted to discharge his gun. The powder had been dampened, so Bruin could not be dispatcheii in that n:anner. (Jur hem theii charged the enem}' with clubbed musket, and persevered until he had put an end to his bearship. When the battle was over, Mr. Brink found he had a gun without a stock and a badly bent barrel. In ISOO Mi'. (Austin sold iiis im- provements a.iid moved across the river to the mouth of Hemlock Run, where he remained tliree years, then pushed up Sugar T'leek, locating permanently in Bur- lington township. He died in ISOO. at Ihi' age of H-J years. Josiah Marshall, who had married Sihyl Brown, came froui the Wyoming Valley to Shesiiequin in or before 1792 and settled the \A'ashingtoa Towner place, tie was a nnm of considerable activitv in the new settlement, be- 14l' iiig appointed a supervisor ol' highways in 1792, '96 autt '97, and constable in 1795 and '97. He died Marclj 11, 1804, aged 41 years, 2 months and 23 days, and is buried in the family plot on the farm where he settled. His children were : Samuel, Thomas, Edward, Josiah B., Elizabeth and Sarah. SAMUEL married Hannah, daughter of Samuel Hoyt, and occupied a part of the homestead where he died Jan. 9, 1840, aged 48 years and 7 months. He had a family of several children, all of whom removed from the town. THOMAS marrieil Lucy, daughter of George Kinney, and also occupied a portion of the homestead till the time of his death, March 16, 1850, aged 57 years, 4 months and 11 days. He had no children. EDWABD met with a misfortune when young, which left him weak n:inded ; he died unmarried. JOSIAH B. married Charlotte, daughtei' of John Goodwin of Kingston, Pa. He was a man of considera- ble prominence, but shamefully deserted his family, go- ing to the Sandwich Islands, thence to California, where, it is claimed, lie was the Marshall who discovered gold on the American river in J 848. He left the following children : .Inne ( Mrs. Abraham Gore ), Caroline, Sibyl, Emily ( Mrs. Albert Botsford ), Thomas, Wallace, and Lemuel and Samuel (!. (twins). ELIZABETH married .lohn E. Satterlee of Athens ; died December 5, 1871, aged 77 vcots. SABAHmi\Yv\ec[ Edmund Hill of Sheshequin. N:; yibyl Marshal], aflei' the death of lier husbaml, mar rierl Ebenezer Segar ; she rlieil August 22, 1851. aged 7fl years and 5 months. Hugh Rippeth, a native of Ireland, who had married Huhlah, daughter of John Franklin and cousin of Arnold Franklin, came to Lower Shesbequin about 1792 and settled on the H. H. Johnson place. Here he died about ISO'). He had two sons and two daughter^. One of tiie daughters, Jane, married Salmon Beardsley and lived ,near Rochester, X. Y. The elder son, WilUaiii, married Polly, daughter of Samuel Shore-^. He settled on the farm now owned by W. M. Shores on Shores Hill,- where he died June 23, 1835, aged Hi years, months and 2s days. His wife died February 13, 1860, aged t)2 years, 5 months and 18 days. Both are buried in the Post cem- etery. Their children were : Marinda, married to Da- vid Shores; ,Jane, married to Xathan Green of Wyso.\ : Amanda died nnmirried ; Georg.; W., married to Maria, daughter of Peter Shores, and died from the effects of sickness ami exposure of prison life in the Civil war; John died at tlje age of 13 year,-. Christopher Avery, a native of Oonnecticnt, whu served as a private in the Revolutionary war under (Jap- tain Williams, in Colonel Webb's regiment of the Cmi- necticut Hue from 1781 till the close of the war, came lu Shesbequin a few years after his brother-in-law. Judge Gore, and lived with him. He enjoyed the benefits of a pension. He never married, and was familiarly known as "Uncle Kit." He died May 3, 1830, in his 7'lst year, and is buried in the Gore cemeterv. 14-1 The Omans, Jolin and George, were among, tlie early settlers of UpperSheshequin. They removed from thes town soon after 1800. John married Poll}' Wallace, sister of Mrs. George Murphy. They spent their last years at Geneseo, N. Y. Timothy Culver joined the Lower Sheshequin settle- ment between 1790 and '95. He was a patriot and had served throughout the war in the struggle for Independ- ence. In 1775 he enlisted under Captain Trowbridge, in Colonel Wooster's regiment, and served seven months. He soon re-entered the service, joining the regiment of Colonel Elmore, under Captain Parmele, in which com- mand he served one year. In 1778 he finally enlisted in the regiment of Colonel Welles, under Captain Judd, and served till the close of the war. He had entered the ser- vice as a private, but earned the rank of sergeant before his discharge. In one of the engagements with the enemy he was captured, and while a prisoner, with oth- ers, was compelled to unload a cargo of salt. The sacks in which the salt was packed were very heavy. These he was required to carry upon his back from the shi^v. So persistently was he kept at work that the flesh was fairly ground off his back, making great sores which were long in healing. The scars he carried to his grave, but he never forgave nor forgot the British for their cru- elty. After the close of the war. Sergeant Culver married and settled on the Calneska, in Tioga county, N. Y. Here he reared a family of three sons, Amasa, Fred and Leander, and five daughters. His wife having died, he I4r, removed to Buckville, Chemung county. Siilisequently, he became acquainted with and married Mary Brink, sis- ter of Benjamin Brink of Sheshequin. He then joined the Hornbrook settlement, where he continued to reside till the close of his life. He was a carpenter by occupa- tion and did the building in the new settlement. Pie owned and occupied different properties. Sergeant Cul- ver is remembered as a kindly, genial old gentleman, greatly esteemed by all his neiglibors. In his closing years he was given a pension by the government, which he had served so faithfully and well. He died in Sep- tember, 1829, aged 88 years, and is buried in the Horn- brook cemetery beside his wife. She was born March 8, 1754; died February 2o, 1845. The children of Timo- thy and Mary (Brink ) Culver were James. Charity and Daniel B. JAMES married Margaret French. He was a foreman on the canal ; finally settled in Tuscarora township and engaged in farming till the time of his death. His chil- dren were : Daniel, Harriet, Mary. Aaron B., Timothy, Adolphus, Josephine, Jarvis J. and Margaret. Timothy and Adolphus lost their lives in the Civil war. C'i/,li?/71' married first , and had one daugh- ter; second, Anthony .Middaugh. by whom she had four sons and five daughters. DANIEL BUNNELL, horn in She.shequin, April 19, 1807, married Josephine, daughter of Richard and Tabi- tlia ( Jayne) Horton. He settled the place now embrac- ing the Franklin and Webb farms. Here he carved out 146 a home in the wilderness and died August 5, 1856. His wife, Josephine, born April 6, 1809, died September 27, 1856. Their children were : Lafayette J., Hiram L., James P., Orrin D., Emily and Mahlon. Lafayette J. married Mary Patterson, and owns the old Judge Gore farm — one of the prettiest country homes in the county. He was elected to the State legislature in 1888. Hiram L., who was a sergeant in Company B, 141st P. V., was killed at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. He w'as unmarried and 31 years of age. James P. mar- ried Sibyl Park and resides in Buffalo. Orrin D. is a resident of Tuscarora. Emily is Mrs. Lewis H. Kilmer of Sheshequin. Mahlon died at the age of nine years. Mr. and Mrs. Culver are buried at Hornbrook. Joseph Kingsbury.— The Kingsburys, of whom our subject was a descendant, are supposed to have been of Scotch-Irish origin, having fled from the oppressions of the Old World to New England in the latter part of the 16th century. Joseph Kingsbury was born at Enfield, Conn., May 19, 1774, and was a son of Lemuel King.s- bury, a farmer. He received a good education and fa- miliarized himself with the rules of surveying. At the age of 19, he bade adieu to his friends in the East, and with a horse, a small sum of money and a compass, turned his face towards the Susquehanna to find a home and employment. He arrived at Sheshequin in the spring of 1793, and at once engaged with General Spald- ing as a surveyor. This service ultimately led to his ap- pointment as an agent for the vast landed estates of Vin- COL. JOSEPH KINGSBURY 148 cent LeRay de Chaumont. In 1797, Mr. Kingsbury was united in marriage with Anna, daughter of General Spalding. Upon the death of the latter, he became tlie owner of that portion of the old homestead containing the original mansion, and resided there till the close of his life. He was esteemed a worthful citizen long before the organization of the county, having been appointed an overseer for Ulster in 1798 and constable in 1799. He was also one of the first supervisors and filled various other places of trust and responsibility. For many years he was the colonel of the militia of his district and post- master at Sheshequin. In the early history of the county he was a Federalist, and was the first person to hold the position of commissioners' clerk. After the formation of the Whig party he was one of its advocates. ' Of Colonel Kingsbury, his biographer saj's : "He was a man of marked characteristics. Possessed of more than ordi- nary ability by nature, he had brought to the storehouse of his information large additions by thought and .'reflec- tion, gained from extensive reading and observation. In the field of political discussion he was an adversary of acknowledged force. He was bold, terse and argument- ative as a writer ; modest, timid and reserved as a speaker. In disputes among the early settlers, he exer- cised an extensive influence, and by individual appeal as agent, he was instrumental in getting the interests abate, 18.S7. Almira, born Feb- ruary lo, 1801, married Charles Cunistock, who for many years was a justice of the peace and a prominent merch- ant in Athens; d'.ed April 4, 1882. Byrun, born .March 2(1, 18t).'!, njarried Wealthy Ann, daughter of iVvery Gore; ren'ioved tn Towanda in 1825, where he died Se[i- tember .'!. ISoii, Bni'tnn, born IMarch ;30, LSI)."), married Rowena, daughter of Hon. George Scott; removed to Towanda and engaged successfully in busine.ss for a num- ber of years ; died .JunelS, 1871. Ann Elizn, born Aug- ust 20, 1807, married Ira H. Stephens, the tenth sherifl' of the countv ; died at Towanda, November 11, 1866. ioO Henry, boru February 3, 1810, married Matilda Clisby and spent his last days in Towanda ; died June 28, 1887. Joseph, born July 2, 1813, married Matilda, daughter of Col. Hiram Mix ; engaged for a number of years in the mercantile business in Towanda ; was Deputy Collector of U. S. Internal Revenue for fourteen years, and bor- ough treasurer and secretary for more than a quarter of a century up to the time of his death, May 1, 1895. liar- ion, born September 30,1815, married Hon. George Sander- son, distinguished as a lawyer. State Senator and banker ; died in Scranton, June 23, 1886. Helen Mar, born July 11, 1819, married M. C. Mercur of Towanda ; died April 8, 1841. Leviuel S., born September 14, 1823, married Sarah Osborne ; occupied the homestead, where he died May 9, 1902. Matthew Rogers, a native of Ireland, who was a sol- dier in the British army, came to America during the Revolutionary war. Having been captured, he espoused the American cause and never returned to his native country. He came to Sheshequin in or before 1795 and settled the farm now known as the Newman place, where he died June 2, 1832, aged 87 years, tlis wife, Lydia, died July 29, 1857, aged 85 years. Their children were John S., Hiram and two daughters, who married, respec- tively, Benjamin Brink, Jr., and Orson Carner. John X. born in Sheshequin, October 17, 1795, married Maria Campbell ; occupied the homestead till 1840, when he sold and removed to Litchfield : died January 7, 1879. 151 The Garners. — The family is of Holland origin, and originally spelled the name " Earner. " Lodowick Garner, a native of Sheffield, Mass., came to Sheshe- quin in or before 1798. " He was a very ingenious man, and miller for General Spalding." Of his family, two sons, Calvin and Luther, and two daughters are remem- bered. One of the daughters, Mary, married George Kinney. Luther married Wealthy, daughter of Col. John Spalding. Their children were : Edgar, ^lary, John, Charles, Henry, Sarah, George and Stephen. About 1820, Mr. Garner removed to other parts; Luther, also, after the death of his wife in 1833, left the town, settling in Ohio. Silas Garner, brother of Lodowick, fol- lowed his brother to Sheshequin, where he continued to reside a number of years. He finally removed to Athens and died there. He was the father of Orson, .Imanda, Horace, Sylvia, .Jay and Silas. Henry McKinney, a native of Ireland, who had re- moved from Maryland, was a resident of Upper Sheshe- quin from 1795 till 1803, when he took up his abode in Athens township. He was drowned in the Susquehanna in 1806 by the upsetting of a canoe. His children were : Samuel, .John, Margaret, Henry, David, Joseph and Cynthia. The Bidlack Family. — In the struggle for Independ- ence there was no more heroic and self-sacrificing family in the Wyoming Valley than tlie Bid lacks. James Bid- lack and his three sons all bore arms against the minions of King George III. One son was taken prisoner at the 152 battle of Long Island, and died of starvation on the noto- rious prison ships. Another son, Benjamin, served dur- ing the entire war and witnessed the surrender of Corn- wallis at Yorktown. Capt. James Bidlack, Jr., com- manded the Wilkes-Barre company and fell at the battle of Wyoming while leading his men. He was seized by the savage fiends and thrown on the burning logs of the fort, held down with pitchforks and tortured till he ex- pired. The day that Captain Bidlack led his men into action, his father commanded a company of aged men and kept garrison in the fort at Plymouth. Captain James Bidlack, Jr., the second son of James Bidlackj removed to the Wyoming Valley from Connect- icut in 1773. He married Abigail, daughter of Captain Stephen and Mary (Abbott) Fuller. They had four children : Stephen, Sally, Hettie and James. After the death of Captain Bidlack at Wyoming, his widow mar- ried Col. John Franklin and removed to Athens. Colo- nel Franklin took her children under his own roof, and thenceforward was a father to them. Stephen married Lois, daughter of Captain Samuel Ransom, and removed to Spencer, N. Y. Sally married Frankli-n Chitsey. Het- tie married William Patrick and removed to Michigan, James, the youngest son of Captain Bidlack, born Septem- ber 22, 1778, settled in Sheshequin. He married in 1803, Esther, daughter of Daniel Moore, a native of Ire- land. Mr. Bidlack first located on Orange Hill, on the line between Sheshequin and Litchfield, then lived for a time on the M. F. Smith place, and in 1822 located per- loo maiunitly til (ihent on tlio lann now dcciipieil li\' his son, Daniel M. He was accidentally killed April 30, 1828, while loading a raft at Sheshequin. The children of James and Esther Bidlack wen- ; Anson, horn Ma\' 7, 1804; died unmarried April 14, ISii.'i. He occupieil the homestead and kept the family together after his father's death. Mary, born January 20, 180(), married Joseph McKinney of Athens; died May 10, l,Soru October 28, 1774, came to Ulster in or l)efore 1704, and occu]iied lands which he sold to CHiarrick W'estbrook. In 1700 he I'emoved to Horubrook, where he jnirchased the property now owned by J. F. Blackman. He had married .h^ru- sha, daughter of ('liestei' Bingham of Ulster. The latter. To4 in 1783, wlien a thilii eight years old, was brouglit hy her parents on horseback over the mountains from Wilkes- Barre to Wj^sox. Mr. Tuttle continued to make improve- ments on his purchase till his death, June 21, 1830. He was noted for his benevolence and was a sincere Mason. He and his wife were faithful Universalists and origi- nal members of the first class of that denomination in the county. They reared a family of seven .stalwart sons ( all six feet or over tall ) and three daughters. They were : Chester, Doriuda, Edwin, .Joseph B., Albert, Cal- vin W., William C, Eliza E., Ethan B. and Sarah A. Chester, born June 18, 1795, died .January 5, 184S. Do- i-uidii, born March 10, 1799, married a Mr. Lemon, re- tnoved to Potter county, Pa., thence to Mimiesota, where she died October 2."), 1862. I'Jhrin, born January 17, 1803, married Keziah Kinner, resided in Rome township where he died. Joseph B., born May 5, 1805, married Eliza, daughter of William Horton, removed to McHenrv county. 111,, where he died. Albert, born July 23, 1807, married Delight, daughter of William Horton, and re- moved to New Dim, Minn., where be became a man of prominence. He Avas several >times a member of the State Legislature. During the Sioux outbreak in 1863, his son, William, a son-indaw and a nephew were slain in the massacre near New Ulm. Calinn U'., born August 8, 1810, married Julia, daughter of Peter Barnard, re- moved to Minnesota, where be practiced law and died. William a, born March 20, 1813, married Permilla Horton ( widow of Tsaac Sunth ) and settled in Litchfield, where he died .\la>- -Jo, l.S.S'.). /•;//,-.(( ]£., Koni Maieli ill, 1814, married Albert Hehard, died in Minnesota. AuousI 22, IStM. Efhmi B., born March 2(), IS 17, married Lu- cinda, daugiiter of Joshua Horton, died in Ulster, Octo- ber 1."). ],S()9. Siirii/i .-l,,born Deceuiberli, islll, married Francis S. Aver, died in Sin>slie(|uin, Sentendjer .'id, ISC.S. Jeruslia (Bingham) Tnttle, horn December 17, 177-J, spent her closing days with her daughter, Mrs. Aver. She bore her part nobly in the struggles incident to ](io- neer life, was a devoted Christian mother and " a strict dis- ciplinarian." She died November 2s, 1S,57, and is buricij beside her husband in the Hornbrook cemeterv. Joseph Salisbury, who purcliased of .John Newlle, came to the Hornbrook settlement in 171tU. He .sold hi.s claim to other parties, anrl in 1 So:l icinoved to the State of New York. James Shores came to Hornbrook about 17'.)9, and settled the place until recently owned by Mrs. Barnes. He was a blacksmith, and is rememl)ered going abi)ut the iieighboi'liood with his kit of tools, as it. was called in tho.se clays, " whipping the cat." He died March 5, 1. So 7, aged (iM years. His wife, Elizabeth (Hamilton), died October IN, l.Soo, in hei' 74th year. Their children were : Stephen, .lonathan, Silas H.. Elmer, Eliza, Sally, Nancy and Diantlia. Stephen, born I'^ebruary 14. 1801. niarried Diana, daughter of Richard Horton ; lived in Sheshequin, where he died .Vugust .'^1, 1877. SHa.i H.. born February 9, 181.5, married P^\-e Ann. daughter of ■leremiah Kilmer: lived in Shesliei|uin. died .lune 1. 1883. Elmer joined his sisters in Illinois ; while East on a visit he sickened and died, September 25, 1847, in his 30th year ; he was unmarried. Eliza, born December 31, 1807, married Richard, son of Richard Horton, and after his death, Abram Earner ; died May 7, 1898. Sally married William, son of Joshnia Horton. Jonathan mar- ried Sarah Merithew and removed to Michigan where he died. Nancy married William Ferguson and removed to Illinois. Dianiha went to Illinois with her sister, Mrs. Ferguson, where she married James Smith and reared a family ; after the death cf Mr. Smith she married a Mr. Bennefield. Daniel Moore, a native of Ireland, came to America as a soldier in the British army during the Revolutionary war. He left the service of King George, never to return to the mother country. In 1785 he came to Tioga and located on lands east of the river. About 1790 he estab- lished a ferry at the Park's place, which he continued to operate several years. He then joined the Upper Sheshe- quin settlement, and died finally at Orange Hill about 1830. Of his children : Esther married James Bidlack ; Zipporah married Riciiard Lent of Rome ; Polly married a Mr. Millett ; John was a noted river pilot. Samuel Bartlett, a native of Vermont, who was reared near the Green ^Mountains and served as a captain of one of the companies in Gen. Ethan Allen's brigade in the Revolutionary war, came to Sheshequin and located on the farm now owned by Judson Macufee about 1800. He purchased a larjje tract of land, which he occupied till his ilealli, July I, ISlO, ul tlie a^u ol'l)-! ycais In N'eriiKiUt \[v had marriefl a Miss Meigs, who died before his emigration " West." Their ciiildren uere : Timothy. Hannah, Sta- tira, Mary and Samuel. Tiiii.otln/ came to Sheshequin witii his father. Hi- married Huhhdi, (huighter of Zephon Flower of Athen.s, and occupied a |)ortion of tlie lioiiic- stead farm, wliere he died Fel)niary 1, |.S'il,nged 31 years. lie iiad one son and a, (huighter. Ttie sy ,iiid bi'twrni Obadiah Gore of Ulster township, county of Lyconiinf;- and State of Pennsylvania, on the one part, and William Preshej- of the saujc l)lace, witnesseth : That the said Obadiah (Joic. for the i-onsidera tion hereafter mentioned, hath demised, granted, and for use let. vtnto the said William Preslier. his heirs, exeeutors, administrator^ and assigns, the following deserilied premises, viz : A suffieienl l)ieee of ground for a mill scat and yard for a grist-mill and other water works on Island Cove, together with a road from thr main road on the east side of the river, oi)iiosite said mill seat to the same. ( said Fresher having undertaken to set up mills at the place aforesaid ) with all the privileges and appurtenances thereunto Ijc longing. To have and to hold the said demised premises, with their appurtenances for and during the term the said Island Cove mill seat may be considered a suitable place for mills, or water work machin- ery, or so long as the said Fresher or his assigns shall keep it in re pair, and the said Gore to be at one-half of the expense (except whisky) and the said William Fresher for himself, his heirs and as- signs doth covenant and agree to allow and pay to the said Obadiah Gore the one-half of the jirohts arising from the said grist-mill so long as the same shall be kept in operation. And the parties afore- said for themselves respectively each with the other and their re- spective heirs, executors and administrators do hereby agree to abide by the above article. In witness whereof the parties aforesaid have hereuiito interchangeably set our hands and seals. In )ii-es ence of Avery Gore. Ob.\dh. Gore. WiLLi.AiM Fresher.' The said mill was erected by Pre.slier and stood on the bank of tlie river a lew rods northwest of the residence of S. G. Marshall. Fresher continued to operate his mill till the time of his death, July, 1S22, when it passed into the hands of .-Vvery Gore. Captain Jabez Fish^ born at (iroton, Conn., -luly •!'<. 1741. was one f)f the first settlers a1 Wilkes-Barre. He joined Captain Bidlack's company and was in the l)attlu ofWyoming. Of the 32 men in the company engaged, he was one of the eight who escaped. He secreted him- self in the long grass, and so close were the savages he feared his own heart-beats would reveal his hiding place. While in this awfal position he listened to the screams and cries of women and children as the terrible butcher}' went on. "Mrs. Fish supposed her husband to have fallen, and hastened with her children through the wil- derness. Overcome with fatigue and want, her infant died. Sitting down a moment on a stone to see it draw its last breath, she gazed in its face with unutterable anguish. There was no way to dig a grave — and to leave it to be devoured by solves, seemed worse than death, so she took the dead babe in her arms and carried it twenty miles, when she came to a German settlement. Though poor, tl'iey gave her food, made a box for the child, attended her to the graveyard and de- cently buried it, kindly bidding her welcome till she should be rested." In 1809, Captain Fish exchanged his property in Wilkes-Barre (which became very valuable) for 350 acres of land in Sheshequin. He came on and occupied that portion of it, now owned by his grandson, Lloyd Fish, next above the Universalist church. Here he died April 16, 1814. He married for his first wife Sarah Avery, sister of Mrs. .Judge Gore. Of their chil- dren : Jemima married Zebulon Butler. A son, Thomas, remained at Wilkes-Barre. In 1797, Captain Fish mar- ried for his second wife Susanna Dana. Their children lr,7 were: Miiiia, Jabez, Diaiitlia anil Leiuira. Marid, boni at Wilkes-Barre, April 4, 1798, married Jesse Brown, died in Sheshequin, July 16, 1847. Children — Ethlj-n (Mrs. Elijah A. Parsons) and Mary ( Mrs. l^evi Wt^lls ). Jabez, born at Wilkes-Barre, August ;J, 1799, inherited the homestead which he occupied till the time of his death, March If), 1876. He married Amanda, daughtei' of Moses Park. Children — Elvira ( Mrs. Oscar Smith ); Susan died unmarried ; George W. married first Ruth A. Kinney, second Anna D. Parsons, resides at Waverly ; Jabez died unmarried ; Lloyd married Lucj' A. Gore and occupies the homestead. Dinnfha, born June 15. 1801. married Alvin Dana of Almond, Alleghany county, N. Y., died in the West. Lemira, born at Wilkes-Barre, July 25, 1803, married Chester Park, a merchant of Ath- ens. Susanna Dana Fish, born at Ashford, Conn., Janu- ary 11, 1762, died in Sheshequin, April 4, 1844. A Negro Family by the name of Chintz were the first colored people to come to Sheshequin. They settled near Judge Gore's in or before 1792. Of the family, Ja- cob, Peter and Phebe are remembered. Coiners and Goers. — For twenty-five ^-ears after tren- eral Spalding and Judge Gore had located in She.she- quin, many persons who did not become permanent resi- dents, joined their settlement for longer and shorter per- iods. Some tarried for a time, until they could establish homes in the wilderness of the surrounding country ; others, of a migratory nature, left for whatever fields their fancy of adventure or opportunity for wealth, in- duced them. I h;-; Sheshequin in 1795.— The French traveller, the Du.l-t' de la Rochefoueault Liancourt, passed up the Susque- hanna in 1795. On the 2d of June he reached what is now Ulster, and in his " Travels," published in 1799, comments on Old and New Sheshequin, as follows : " "We stopped at Solomon Tracy's to rest our horses. This planter occupies an estate of 500 acres, only 30 of which are yet cleared and which belongs to the village of Old Sheshequin. Its owner arrived here about five years ago from the county of Orange in the State of New York ; but he now intends to settle in Genesee ; and, conse- quently, wishes to dispose of his plantation, which he holds from the State of Connecticut; the price he de- mands is $5,390, that is to say, about ten dollars and three-fourths per acre. Another landholder, at whose house we stopped to procure directions about the road, intimated to us a similar design, as he mistook us for land jobbers. His plantation consisted of 300 acres, 60 of which were cleared, with a corn and a saw mill, which he estimated at $1,800. He asked for the whole estate $2,600, which is tantamount to eight dollars and a half per acre. The state of agriculture is no better here than in the other parts of Pennsylvania, and even worse than in many of them, all the plantations being in that infant state where the soil yields rich crops without cul- tivation. The settlers are doubtful whether their rights to their possessions will be confirmed, have much busi- ness upon their hands, and are in general little able to ad- vance money for the improvement of their lands so that they hardly give themselves the trouble even to plough up the ground. Ftjr this purpose they make use of oxen, the medium price of a yoke of which is $70. Wheat commonly sells for one dollar a bushel, rye for four shil- lings and oats from two shillings and six pence to three shillings. There are two schools in the neighboring country, which are both kept by women who teach needle-work and reading. To learn to read is, therefore, the only instruction which boys can obtain here. These schools are main- tained solely by the fee of five shillings a quarter paid by each scholai-. They are evidently insufficient, yet they are schools ; and these are yet very rare in Penn- .sylvania. No place has been hitherto set apart here for religious worship. They who desire to perfoi'm this, as- semble in private houses and engage a preacher for a yearly salar}^ which, however, is very small. Families of Methodists constitute the principal part of the inhabi- tants. On the other side of the river stands New Sheshe quin, a small neat town, containing about twelve houses, which are built either of logs or rough boards. It is seated in a very pleasant plain. The justice of the peace, the surgeon and the pastor of the neighboring country reside in this place. It contains shops, in short, all those things which are found only in a principal town." As Seen in 1804.— In the month of October, 1804, Alexander Wilson, the celebrated ornithologist, with two companions visited Niagara Falls. He wrote a rhyming 17(1 desoriptiuu of his journey, called the " Foresters," of" which the following extract describes a night at Judge Gore's and that portion of the journey through Sheshe- quin : " 'Twas now dull twilight ; trudging on we keep Where giddy Breakneck nods above the steep, And down the darkening forests slowly steer Where woods, receding, show a dwelling near, A painted frame, tall barracks filled with hay. Clean whitewashed railings raised along the way ; Young poplars, mixed with weeping willows green, Rose o'er the gate, and fringed the walk within. An air of neatness, gracing all around, Bespoke that courtesy we so quickly found : The aged judge, in grave apparel di'essed, To cushioned chairs invites each weary guest ; O'er the rich carpet bids the table rise, With all the sweets that India's clime supplies. And supper served with elegance ; the glass In sober circuit was allowed to pass. The reverend sire, with sons and grandsons round, Ruddy as health, by summer suns embrowned, Inquires our road and news with modest mien : Tells of the countries he himself has seen, His Indian battles, midnight ambuscades. Wounds and captivity in the forest glades ; And with such winning, interesting store Of wild wood tales and literary lore. Beguiled the evening and engaged each heart, That, though sleep summoned, we were loth to part ; And e'en in bed reposed, the listening ear Seemed still the accents of the sage to hear. The morning came ; ye gods ! how quickly hies To weary folks the hour when they must rise ! Groping around, we fixed our various load, And full equipt forth issued to the road. 171 Inured lo toil, thi.^ woutlh slide .swiftly past. O'er many an opening farm our eyes were cast ; Here rich, flat meadows most luxuriant lie. Some gleaming orchards gladly we espy : Pull-loaded peach-trees, drooping hung around. Their mellow fruit thick scattered o'er the ground. Six cents procured us a sufiBcient store. Our napkins crammed, and pockets running o'er : Delicious fare, — nor did we prize them less Than Jews did manna in the wilderness. Still journeying on the river's bank we keep, And pass the Narrows' high and dangerous steep. That to the clouds like touring Atlas soars. While deep below the parted river roars." CHAPTER III. SETTLERS FROM J8I2 TO 1840. •SAMUEL HOYT, a native of Guilford, Conn., who )^ had married Mary, daughter of Samuel Bartlett of of Vermont, after the removal of the latter to Sheshequin, also came with his family in 1812. He settled on the place now owned by Hiram Shores. He was a cabinet maker and carpenter by occupation, being especially noted for his skill as a builder. He was the first mechanic in that section of the country to use the square in laying out his frame work ; and when he put up his first building, after coming to Sheshequin — the Snyder house — people came for miles around to see the frame. A large' number of the houses and barns in the valley were constructed by him. Mrs. Hoyt was a celebrated tailoress and made fine suits for men. She was patronized from all the surrounding neighborhoods, and so busy was she kept plying the nee- dle, that she frequently had the aid of a half dozen assis- .tants. Mr. Hoyt died on the homestead, December 21, 17;-'. l842, aged I'd years and tj months, His wife died Aug- ust 9, 1849, aged 70 years and 5 months. Their children were: Chlotilda, Hannah M., Statira, Samuel B. and Giles M. Chlotilda married Obadiah Spalding. Han- nah M., married Samuel Marshall. Statira, born March 19, 1807, married Amos P. Spalding of Athens, died July ■2:8, 1855, Samuel B. married first Flora Ames of Sack- ett Harbor, N. Y., second Mrs. Matilda Angle of Sheshe- quin ; occupied the homestead for some years, then re- moved to Athens, where he died. Giles M., born March 20, 1820, married Almira Green of Green's Landing, where he and his wife reside on the farm where they be- gan life's struggles together in 1839. Peter Barnard came to Sheshequin in or before 1812. He married Roba, daughter of Abel Newell, and settled the farm now owned by Bird and Burton Gillett. He was a hard working man and cleared a considerable part of his farm. After the death of his wife, he disposed of his property and removed to Illinois, where he died. His children were ; George, Julia, Sally, Polly, Lucy and Martha. George went to Illinois : .Tulia married Calvin Tuttle, and Sally a Collins. Isaac I. Low, a blacksmith and nailer by trade, came to the town about 1812 and pursued the former occu- pation. In 1836 he removed to Atliens village where he died. He married Catharine, daughter of John C. Forbes, and had children — Martha ( Mrs. Spencer Elson ), Polly, John Christian Forbes, Isaac, Luther, Sarah ( Mrs. James Wilson ) and Olive (Mrs. Henry Hewett ), John C. F., 17-1 coiniuonly known as " Forbes Low," born October 2, 1816, is still living. He was a noted huntsman and wat- erman, and has many interesting I'ecollections of early days. John Lyons, a native of Ithaca, N. Y., who had mar- ried Jemima, daughter of Richard Horton, came to the Hornbrook settlement in 1813. He was a lumberman, and about 1840 removed to Standing Stone. His chil- dren were : Isaac, Richard, John, Elizabeth ( Mrs. Mahu Horton ), Rachel ( Mrs. John Bish ), Anna J. (Mrs. Christmas Hainesworth ), Diana ( Mrs. Alonzo Barns ) and Mahala ( Mrs. F. M. Maynard ). The eldest son, Isaac, became a prominent and influential business man, and was elected county commissioner in 1861. He died at his home in Allis Hollow, March 27, 1902, aged 86 years. Freeman Gillett came to Sheshequin in about 1813. He was a carpeuter and joiner of superior skill. Among the buildings erected by him, were the Warren Gillett house, the Ensley Gillett house and the old She- shequin church. He spent his last days with a daugh- ter in Springfield township. John Elliott.— The family from whom John Elliott descended came from the north of Ireland during the early colonial period and settled at Albany, N. Y. " John Elliott and his brother, William, living near the Connecti- cut line, heard much of the Susquehanna country in its praise, more especially that part of it claimed by that State, and, therefore, the former and .Joseph ( the oldest son of William j packed their kna[>sacks aini starLeil on foot ill the spring of 1803 to view tlie land for themselves, with a view to bring the families for settlement. They arrived in due time in Wj'sox, where John rented a farm of the widow Moger. He raised some corn and sftwed some rye, and in company with his nephew cleared eight acres of new land and sowed it to wheat — the sowing produced good crops of both cereals. They returned to their homes late in the fall, and preparations for the re- moval of the families to the new country at once were commenced. Three span of horses and as many sleighs were loaded with the household goods and supplies, and the two families, numbering in all twenty persons, young and old, among them an aged grandmother. They crossed the Hudson and Catskill on the ice, as well as every other stream in their way, and drove on the ice from Old Sheshequin to the cabin of William Means at Towanda, where they were furnished entertainment foi' the night." William rented Mr. Means' farm in Wysox. where he remained one year, then removed to Rome township, where he died at the age of 95 years. John continued to reside in Wysox till 1814, when he removed to Sheshequin and followed the occupatioi} of shoemaker. His residence at different times was Hornbrook and Ghent. His wife was Elizabeth Snyder, a German wo- man. She died April 14, 1818, in her 47th year, and Mr. Elliott, July 4, 1857, in his 88th year. Their chil- dren were : Joseph, Hannah, Lucinda, Polly, Rachel and Lucretia. Joseph married Jemima, daughter of Eli- 176 jah M. Hortoii. He owned the Elsbree farm at Horn- brook, which he sold in 1871, and removed to Kansas with his family, where he died two years later. His wife died a few years since, at the age of 94 years. Their children were : Isaac, William H., Joseph M., Urbain, Sally (Mrs. Ulysses Horton ) and .Jemima (Mrs. Thomas McMahon) Isaac died in Sheshequin ; Sally resides at Hornbrook ; the others removed to Kansas, Urbain since having died. Hannah married Isaac S. Horton, lived at Ghent, died March 7, 1877, in her 85th year. Polly married William Russell of Rome. Rachel married Dan- iel Hill of Sheshequin, died July 23, 1869, aged 55 years. Lucretia married Elias Post. Dr. Zadoc Gillett, a native of Granville, Mass., came to Sheshequin in 1815 and located on the place of now Warren Gillett. He had quite an extensive practice. After some years' Residence in Sheshequin he removed to Canada, where, during an epidemic of cholera he lost his wife and several children. He then returned to Sheshe- quin and practiced for a time, finally removed to Albany township where he died. He was the father of the late Jerome B. Gillett of Hornbrook. Earl Mastin, a shoemaker by trade, was one of the earliest settlers in the Ghent neighborhood. It is related that " Mastin and his wife were somewhat rare specimens of humanity. In one of their drunken carousals they got into a fight, which resulting rather as a draw game, the belligerents agreed to a dissolution of partnership. After some days of sober reflection, Mastin came to the conclu- 177 rtion that Ijo would make overture.'^ for the resumption ol' amicable relations, but fearing the reception of his terms, if presented by himself, would be prejudiced, he decided to employ an ambassador, and therefore applied to Silas Gore, who undertook to negotiate a peace witli the irasci- ble woman. Mr. Gore brought the parties to his own house as neutral ground, and, after considerable diplomacy, articles of peace and amity were agreed upon and the re- united pair went home rejoicing. Just previous to that time articles of peace had been signed at Ghent in Bel- gium, between Great Britain and the United States,and Dr. Zadoc Gillett gave the locality the name of Ghent, whicli designation is likely to be retained a long time, in com- memoration of the reconciliation of that novel pioneer pair." On a plain stone slab in the Slieshequin cem- etery, the following imperfect inscription may be read : " Here lies Sally Ann, wife of Eaid Mastiu, who died April 27, 1824. aged 36 years, 5 months and 27 davs. ■ As I am now su you must be. Prepare to die and follow me.' Mastin is remembered as being a " great titer." He had sons, Charles and James. Thaddeus Hemenway, who had served with the Massachusetts troops five years in the Revolutionary war and took part in the battles of Stillwater, Newport and Lake George, came to Sheshequin in or before 1813. He spent his last years in the Ghent neighborhood and Rome. The old patriot was fond of repeating (he follow- ing : 17.S '•Hicks and Uibbs marched along from Watertown to glory : Hemenway composed a song, and Bump told hunting stories." His children, who married as follows, were : Sarah, to Gersham Towner ; John, to Debby Hawkins ; Joseph, to Pamelia Shipman ; Levi, to Elizabeth Brague ; Lavina, to Abraham Towner ; William, to Rachel . Mr. Hemenway died in Rome township, his wife, Lavina, surviving him some years. John Ditrich, who came to America as a Hessian sol- dier during the Revolutionary war, remained here and in 1816 found his way into Sheshequin, settling the farm now owned by his great-grandson, Edward M. Vought. He improved a considerable part of the place and died thereon, April 11, 1840, aged 85 years. His wife, Eliza- beth, died August 12, 1846, aged 83 years. Both are buried in a private plot on the farm. The children of John and Elizabeth Ditrich were: Lewis, Charlotte, Hannah and Lydia. Leiuis, after some years' residence in the town, removed to other parts ; Hannah married Joseph Vought ; Lydia married Peter Vought of Rome — a brother of Joseph. Henry Hiney was an early settler on the Bidlack place at Ghent. He made and peddled brooms and became blind. His wife is remembered as an ardent Baptist. Their children were : Timothy, Henry, William, George, Christopher, and daughters, Mrs. Cyrus Wheeler and Mrs. Earl Wright. Henry Cleveland, a blacksmith, came from the East to Sheshequin about 1817. He had a shop at the forks o\' the road near the Brown place. After a few years the family removed from the town. Burgis Drake wa.s an early settler on the Widow Mil- ler place at Black. He was the father of Je.s.se R., Eben- ezer, Franklin. Isaac and James. He died in the '20's and was survived by his wife, Hannah, a number of years. Matthew Wright became a resident of the town in or before 181S. He settled the Joseph Vought place at Ghenl, made a considerable improvement and died there about 1838. Both he and his wife are buried on the farm. Their children were : (Jswin, Earl, Polly ( Mrs. Larman H. Elliott j, Sally (Mrs. Timothy Hiney ), Druzella (Mrs. Reuben Perry ), Margaret ( IMrs. Hiram Perry ) and Betsy. Oswin was the fiddler at the old-time dances and " apple bee^." Moses Woodburn, son of George and Mary ( Putnam ) W'oodburn, was born at Stonington, Conn., October 2, 1764. His ancestor, John Woodburn. came from Ire- land, landing at Boston in 1718, but three years later set- tled at Londonderry. N. H. Upon the breaking out of the Revolution, Moses was residing in Stonington, where in September, 1779, he enlisted as a private in the com- pany of Captain Rathborn and served eight months; he re-enlisted three times, as follows ; June, 1780, as a pri- vate in the company of Captain Douglass, Colonel Starr';" regiment, served six months; June, 1781, as a mariner on U. S. brig Marc^uis Lafayette, served eight months : June. 1782. as a mariner on V. S. brig Ran- ISO (]oipli and served two months. He assisted in capturing several prizes at sea, and was one of the guards that con- ducted Major Andre to be executed. One of Mr. AVood- burn's granddaughter says : " When a child I remem- ber hearing grandfather tell how Major Andre knelt in tears to General Washington and begged to be shot, and how Washington offered Andre his life if he would reveal the whole plot, but the brave j^oung Englishman proudly answered, ' No ; ' saying ' I was born a gentleman though I die a scandalous death ;' General Washington wept, as did all the soldiers." After the war, Moses removed with his father's family to Cherry Valley, N. Y., whence in 1808, in company with two brothers, Naphtali and Jolm, he came to Wysox, purchased land, and with his brother, Naphtali, built a saw mill on Wysox Creek. Twice the mill was burned, and having labored hard he became discouraged, sold out his interests and in 1818 removed to Sheshequin, settling on the farm now owned by T. K. Macafee. Here after he had got comfortably situated, he met with another misfortune. While all were away from home but his aged mother, the house caught fire and burned with all their clothing, furniture and store of pro- visions. After suffering many hardships, another, a double-hewed log house was erected, in which Mr. Wood- burn continued to reside until liis death — December 30, 1836. He had married before removing to Bradford county, Sena Wright, daughter of Edward and Chloe ( Pomeroy ) Wright. They had three children: Sally. who married Renselaer .T. .lenks of Warren ; Asenath I SI inarritiil Thomas Kouei' Davics of Athens, and .\aiicij Mn- ridta. marrietl Ezra Pelton of Athens. Mi. W'liodbiirn is remembered as "an industrious, kindly old gentleman." He was given a pension, under tlie .\ct of ls;5'2, for his services in tiie war of the Revolution. He is buried on the farm where he spent his closing (hiys. Renselaer J. Jenks came to Sliesheciuin with his fath- er-indaw, Mioses Woodburn, and occupied a ])ieee of land adjoining him. In 1S30 lie was commissioned a justice of the peace, and in 1S33 opened a store at Hornbrook in the present tenement house of .Tohn H. (,'h;il^ee. His courts were held at the store. He removed We.«5t in 1836. Warren Brown came to Ui)per Sheshequin, .settling at tlie -'narrows'' about 181S. George Vibbert, a native of Connecticut and soldier of the AVar of 1812, born -July 4, 1799, came to Sheshequin about 1818. He married Betsey, daughter of Richard Horton. Their children were: Elizn Ann (Mrs. Perrin Shores), RicJtard, James. WiUiam, Ethclirnht. (Mrs. Ste- phen Bidlack) and ikiryE. ( Mrs. .John Chandler). Mr. Vibbert died November 20, 1864, and his wife ( born July 21, 1802 ), September 15. 1885. Both are buried at Bumpville. Warren Gillett, a native of (.iranville, Mass., antl a brother of Dr. Zadoc Gillett, joined his brother in the new settlement in 1819. He made the following record of his removal : " October 1, 1819, I, this day moved wdth my family into the town of Sheshequin after a tiresome jour- nev of 250 miles from the town of Granville, in Massn- 1S2 chusetts, and settled on the highlands in the 35th year of my age. W. Gillett." Mr. Gillett had received an ex- cellent education, and for eight years taught school in the citv of New York. He returned to Massachusetts to care for his aged parents, and after the death of his father the old farm was sold to furnish means to purchase "cheap, rich lands in the new country of the West." His aged mother, Rebecca, came to Shesheqnin with him. He purchased an improvement and settled on the place now including the farms of his son, Rosseter, and granddaugh- ter, Mrs. Horace Horton. Here he lived and toiled till the close of bis life. He also taught school after coming to Sheshequin. Mr. Gillett was born ^lay 12, 1784 ; married July 29, 1809, to Martha Ensley of New Jersey ; died September 29, 1840. Martha, his wife, was born February 22, 1781 ; died August 4, 1855. Their chil- dren were : Lewis Bachus, Warren Ensley, Martha Ema- line, Darwin Tyron and Rosseter. , Lewis B., born May 12, 1812, in New York city ; married .Jemima, daughter of Caleb Shores ; lived on the farm now occu- pied by his sons, Bird and Burton ; died December 17, 1893. W. Ensley, born July 8, 1814, in Massachusetts; married Sarah E., daughter of Elijah Townsend of Rome ; occupied a part of the homestead farm ; died September 9, 1897. Martha E., born January 14, 1817, in Massa- chusetts; married Hiram Saunders of Waverly, N. Y. ; died August 16, 1848. Darwin T., born August 15, 1821, in Sheshequin ; married Viana, daughter of Jere- miah Kilmer ; lived on the farm now occupied by his is:] sun, Allen ; died March 22, 1«(S2. Rosudcr, born Febru- ary 20, 1826, in Sheshequin ; married Mary A., daugh- ter of Elijah Townsend , occupies a part of the farm mi which he was born. Andrew Delpuech, a French gentleman of cultui'e, who sought a retreat for pleasure and recreation in the course of his travels, found his way into Sheshequin in 1819. He and one Theodore Audra purchased 125 acres of laud, along the rivei-, of Richard Horton. Audra sold to Mr. Delpuech and removed from the town in 1821. The same year, Mr. Delpuech sold a two-thirds interest to Francis Joseph Pesse, " lately from Switzerland," and Jo- seph Menardi, " lately also from Coni in Piedmont, Eur- ope." By conditions of the sale; the three gentlemen formed themselves into an association for mutual bene- fits. Each was to bear one-third of the expense of such improvements as might be made ; and at any time should anj' one of them desire to sell his interest, notice of one year was required, and the other parties concerned to be given the preference. In short, their farm was to be con- ducted on the socialistic plan. However, the " associa- tion " did not continue long, for in 1826 Mr. Delpuech died. Of him, it is worthy of note to state that he was a personal friend of General Lafayette, enjoying his confi- dence and esteem, and received letters from him after set- tling in Sheshequin. Mr. Pesse, born at Tours in France, died March 27, 1833, aged 63 years. The property then passed into the hands of Mrs. Delpuech, a daughter ol' Mr. Pes.se : subsequently, her son, William -J. Delpuecli, ]S-I became the owner, it now being occupied by his heirs. In Riverside cemetery, Towanda, one of the tombstones bears this inscription: "Andre Delpuech, born at Ge- neva, Switzerland, A. D., 1799 ; died March 9, 1826." John Chandler settled at North Ghent on the farm of now Martin Payne in 18] 9. His children were : Andrew, Charles, John, Nathaniel, Robert, Stephen V., Polly ( Mrs. John Moore ), Betsy ( Mrs. Ira Tompkins ) and Mrs. George Hicks. Capt. James Smith, a native of Yarmouth, England, who was educated by the British government for the ma- rine service, came to Sheshequin in 1820, settling on the farm now owned by his son, James. Until forty years of age, his life had been spent upon the seas, during which time he made three voyages around the world and visited almost everj'' port. He was captain of a vessel for seven- teen years, and as a representative of the navy was at diff- erent times in attendance upon the King's court. The rich dress which he wore on court occasions was preserved and brought to America with him. After coming to Sheshequin he married Rebecca Gillett, a sister of War- ren and Dr. Zadoc Gillett. He never lost his fondness for the water. He constructed and operated the first sail- boat on Lake Wesauking ; also had sail-boats on the river and built canal boats. Captain Smith had received an ex- cellent education, and is remembered as a kindly gentle- man of courtly manners. He died October 1, 1860, aged 76 years and 7 months. His wife died July 13, 1850, •aged 68 years. Their only child, Jame-t, born April 24, I«0 i8"21, married Diana, daughter of Natliauiel Siiores ; she died May 10, 1900, aged 80 years. George Gooding, a native of Devonshire, England, af- ter a voyage of six months, reached Sheshequin in 1820. His father was a well-to-do farmer, but the somewhat ro- mantic spirit of the young man led him to America. Up- on locating in Sheshequin, he married, in 1824, Mrs. Jane (Smith) Eggett, a native of Yarmouth, England, and sister of Capt. James Smith. Mr, Gooding settled the John Mahoney place, where he lived till 1836, when he was called to England to look after his father's estate. Upon his return in 1840, he purchased the farm now owned and occupied by his son. Here he. lived till the time of his death, May 28, 1S75, aged .80 years, 3 months and 8 days. The close of Mrs. Gooding's life was pitifully sad. In 1863 she was attacked and bunted into insensi- bility l)y a neighbor's vicious ram. Her injuries resulted in loss of reason which never returned. She died Decem- ber 27, 1867, aged 73 years. By her former marriage, Mrs. Gooding had two daughters^ — Mary Eggett, who married 0. H. P. Kinney, and Jane Eggett, who married Ralph C4oie. Unto George anquin, removed West and died in Iowa. William Johnson, the tliird son, was born Julv 16, 1815, on the King place in Wysox. He became a resident of Shesheqnin in 1835, which town, excepting ar> I '.IVI interim of about two years, has since been his home. In 1837 he was united in marriage with Harriet N., daugh- ter of Abraham B. Gore. He purchased and moved to what is now known as the H. H. Johnson place in April, 1844. The Johnson residence was erected by him, and opened as a hotel in 1849 and continued as a house of entertainment for six years. Mr. Lent then engaged in lumbering and farming. He took an active part in the " old trainings," and was commissioned by Governor Porter captain of militia. His first vote was cast for Harrison in 1836, and he has voted at each succeeding presidential election since. He filled the office of justice of the peace for fifteen years, besides various other local ofiices. He is one of tlie oldest Odd Fellows in the coun- ty, having been a member of Valley Lodge since 1853. " Uncle William," as he is familiarly known, is a ge- nial old gentleman liked by everybody. He possesses a most accurate and retentive memory of incidents and families of seventy years ago, and old and young alike delight in listening to his accounts of pioneer days. Mrs. Lent died in 1855, since which time Mr. Lent has made his home with his son, Hiram B. His only daughter, Mary, is the wife of G. L. Decker. Loren D. Tyrrel, who married a daughter of William Snyder, came into the town in 1830. He settled the Thomas Catlin place, and died in 1873, aged 65 years. Andrew W. Webb, a native of Orange county, N. Y., born August 30, 1810, came to Sheshequin and located on the farm now owned bv his son, Andrew J., in 1836. 20(1 His wife was Elizabeth Bull, also a native of Orange county. Their children were: Job, Abigail (Mrs. Isaac Hollenback), William, .Julia (Mrs. Lewis Brainard ), Cy- renus, Sarah (Mrs. I. L. Young), Andrew J., Bradford and Mary A. ( Mrs. M. E. Horton ). Mr. Webb died on his farm, January 20, 1886, and his wife; March 7, 1888, aged 78 years. Thomas Vann, a native of Lestershire, England, in 1837 settled on the farm now owned by 0. W. Bowman. His wife was Elizabeth Sharp, also of Lestershire. Their children, who married as follows, were : V/illiayn, to Mary Smith; Edmund, to Almira Rodgers ; Henry, to Mary Ann Bowman ; Emeline, to Williauj Miller ; Charles, to Julia Tompkins; Emily, to Horace Miller; James, to Eliza Rodgers ; Daniel, a soldier, killed at the battle of Fair Oaks ; John, to Adelaide Bosworth ; Amanda, to Charles Snyder. Mr. Vann died April 24, 1868, aged 68 years, and his wife, February 17, 1887, aged 86 years. Douglass Davidson, a native of Vermont and son of Douglass Davidson, a Revolutionary soldier, came to Up- per Sheshequin in 1838. He engaged in lumbering, farm- ing and the milling business. By industry he accumulated a fine fortune, which, in his old age under a generous im- pulse, he- transferred to a spendthrift, and his earnings of a life-time were quickly squandered. Mr. Davidson had no children, He died May 8, 1875, and lies in an un- marked grave in the Sheshequin cemetery.. 2(11 Sullivan Chaffee, a sdldier of tlie War df Islii, born •Taimary 22, 1780. came from Lexington, i.ireene county, X. Y., to Sheshequin in 1839. The Chaffee family is of Englisli origin. The first of the name in America was Thomas Cfiaffee, who settled at Hingham, Mass., in 1G37, but subsequently removed to iihode Island. One of his descendants, Joseph T'haflei', settled in Connecticut. He was the ancestor of Calvin T'haffee, father of Sullivan, who removed from ('(innecticut to (irecno county, X. Y. Ml'. Chaffee purchased the Shores' [)lace at Hornbrook and continued to reside there till the time of his death. September 13, 1S4(). lie was a noted hunter and fisher- man. He married Catharine (!. Deyeo. Their children- were : Charles, John, Klizabeth, George, Matilda, Rhoda, Harriet, xVbigail, Juliette, Sidney and Sally Maria. (Iiiirlt'^f, born, November "iTi, 1812, came to Sheshequin a couple of years after his father. He engaged in lumber- ing and farming. He was a man of great energy, successful in liis undertakings, and at the time of his death was the wealthiest man in Sheshequin. He mar- rieli Towner. 1840— October 22, Silas P. (rore and Rebecca, dauiib- ter of Colonel Robert Spalding. 1841— January 13, Hiram L. Blackmail and Caiviline, daughter of Parley Aver l841-.March 3, Daniel J. Horton and Rhoda R. . daughter of Sullivan Chaffee, by Piev. Joseph Towner. l.S42-October 19, Charles Chatfee and Adaline, daugh- ter of David Horton, by Rev. Josejih Towner. 184;! — May 7, Sterling Blackman and Miss Aurelia Bostwick, by Rev. Jose[di Towner. 184)i— Charles C(.)re and Ann Eliza Ballenger. Ls4:!-May 20, Richard C Horton and Elizabeth, daughter of.Jolin M. Smith, by George Kinney, E^een pui'sning iheii' way in lln- s|\'|e ; anil not i nfi'eipieiit 1 \' parties to a hymeneal en- eagement hetook themseha's ni this mamier lo ihe house of the nunistia' or magistrate. ()xeh look the place of Imrsep, ami in the ox-oart. oj- sleil families were e()ii va^y ed to s,i(^'jal gatheianes, or the plaei s i,f worship. .\-. the counti'y improved a chaise or gig was occasionalh' seen, and in due time wagons, stages and coaches were introduced. In lieu of a wagon, long sleds were generally used in hauling hay and grain and in making trips to mill. Sometimes, however, hay was hauled to the satck by placing a bunch or more upon a brush which formed a sort of sled ; and not infrequently carried by two men for some distance by running two poles under a bunch with a man at each end. Logging and chopping bees were common, and the men and boj's most cheerfully turned out with their ox-teams, or came with their axes to assist their neighbors in getting a start. "On such au occasion, a sheep would be killed, and boiled mutton and pot-pie had in abundance, for dinner and supper." Spinning bees were also in fashion. The lady getting up the bee would distribute tow among her lady friends, and on a day set apart they would bring in their skeins and enjoy a visit and supper with hei*. The affair generally wound up in the evening by a dance, or "snap- and-wink-em," and other games. Another practice was for the gallants of the neighborhood to go to the home of the lady who was to be favored and procure a quantity of tow which was distributed among their sweethearts. On an evening agreed upon each swain took his girl with her skein to the liome of their friend, where several hours were enjoyed in. merrymaking. Sornetiu;'es, however, the ladies would take their spinning wheels under their arms and go to the house of a friend, do a day's work and en- joy a visit tiigHther at the .saiiiu tiiuc, hy tlic pul)- lie ever since. Road from Breakneck Run to State Road. — At a court of quarter sessions, county of Bradford, May, iSIo, the jietition of .John S[)aldino-, Zeplion I'^lower, I)a\-id Paine, Ll)eiie/,er ['. Clark, Win. ("oolbaugh. David luklor. Win. Ferguson, Walter Wheeler, Moses Warford, David S. Blackmail, Asa Stevens, Elijah Norton, Wm, W. .Spalding, Elijah Towner, Franklin Blackmail, Thomas Bull, .John Ijcnt, \\'ilber Bennett, Ebenezer Shaw, .Jonathan Stevens, Joseph Kinne_y and \A'm. Myer, inhabitants of Idster and Wysox, was jiresented, setting forth that "it would bo practicable to make a road along the narrows below where the road turns off at the lower end of Breakneck to go over the mountain to \\''ysox : that such road would not only save traveling over a very bad mountain, but would shorten the distance a Ciuarter of a mile and be of great |iublic utilit\ ; that it may not be improper to in- form the court that it is the expectation of the inhab- itants of Flster and \\'ysox to open the road (if laid out) by subscription ; therefore petitioners pray for the ap- ]iointment of viewers," etc. ^\'hereupon the court ap- jioint .losepli Kingsbury, Richard liorton, Elijah Jiorton, Jr., Adoiiijah Warner, Stephen Patrick and Robert T\idg- way. At September sessions viewers report "that they have viewed the ground and are of the opinion that it is practicable for a road, and have accordingly laid one out agreeablv to the courses and distances .and plot hereto annexed, and believe the same will be of public utility." This road began on the State road, opposite the court house, about 50 rods from the river, running nearly north alonir the side of the mountain toward the river to what is now the present nuul, about one-half mile south of the railroad bridge. From here the course of the road was the same as now along the river to Breakneck run at the Johnson place. The report was finally confirmed at December sessions and road ordered to be ojiened of the breadth of 30 feet. Road from Sheshequin to Orwell. — At a court of ([uarter sessions, county of Bradford, May, 1815, the peti- tion of Elijah Towner, .Joseph Atwood, Samuel K. Gore, Wm. Allen, A. L. Warner. Joseph Kinney, Ebenezer Shaw, George Kinney and .John S[)aldiug was read, pray- ing for viewers to be appointed to view and lay out a road from at or near the house of Abraham Towner in Sheshequin, thence by the best route to intersect the Wysox road at or near Dan Russell's in Orwell to\vu- ship, and to vacate (if they judge proper upon view) the whole or a part of the road now laid out from George Kin- ney's in Sheshequin to, at or near the said Dan Russell's; whereupon the court appoint John Spalding 2(1, John >[inier, Dan Russell, Thomas Thatcher, Ijemuel Streeter and Zephon Flower viewers, who made report at Sep- tember sessions. The road laid out began on the post road, opposite the road leading from Ulster to Sheshe- quin at a point eight rods north of Judge Gore's ; thence ran nearly east to Ghent and North Rome, tlien in a somewhat zigzag manner over Towner Hill to Rus- sell's in (.)rwell. At February sessions, 1816, viewers make supplementary report : "That so much of the road leading from George Kinney's to the east line of Water- town be vacated, made mill and void, as is east of creek called Little \\'ysox, near the we.st line of Water- town." ^lay sessions, 1816, report confirmed finally and road ordered opened and cleared of the breadth of .'SO I'lift. 'riii* road liii.-- li(,'t'ii (.■liaiinril Ijiil liUlc 1h-1\\l-imi Slit'slii'(|uin and ()r\vell. Road from Blackman's Ferry to John L. Elliott's in Rome. — At a court of ijuarlcr scs^imis, SrjiU'inhLM', l-SI'.i, the [ictitinii ofJsaac Horlmi, Elijah Ilmioii. Jr., A\'ilharn Slioies, Nathaniel Shores, W'llHam i'^er;4a?oii, Anthonv K. Shore.s, ('aleh Shores, Jesse K. I'rake, Joiiii Shores, Joliii I'ost, Jolm iliiiiiian, I'cter l'^)rhi's. < ii'oijj,!' -Mui'phy, Lannaii II. Elliott, Ahrahaiu I'osI, Burgis Drake, John E. Elliott, Aaron Post, I'jiiest Lent, Samntl Klliott, Daniel IClliott, William l']lliott, John I'jlliotl and Jose[ih IiJliott, was read settint; forth "that N'our petitioiiei's ha\'e lately heen at considerahlo expense in euttini;- and opening a road from Blaekman's I'errv to interst'ct the road leading from Myer's niill to .\ew .Sheshequin, and whereas a road is miuJi wanted from John J\)st's to Watertown for the aut a smidl ])art of this road is lujw in use. Road from Isaac Horton's to Road Leading: from Dr. Gillett's to William Fergason's. — At a court of I [uarter .sessions, December Islii, the petition of Isaac I. Low, I'eter Barnanl, John Smith. Warren (lillett, Zadoc ■i:'A\ Gillett, Keiissaelar Junks, Daniel Brink, Isaac Morton, James Shores, Elijah Horton, Franklin Blackman, Isaac J. Horton and Josiah Tuttle, inhabitants of Ulster and Wysox, was read, setting forth "that petitioners are in great want of a road to accommodate them from Over- ton's mill in Old Sheshequin, therefore pray the court for the appointment of viewers to lay out a road to begin at Isaac Horton's, to run easterly up Horn creek to inter- sect the road leading from Dr. Gillett's to William Fer- gason's," etc.; whereupon the court appoint Jos. Kings- bury, Richard Horton, Franklin Blackman, Josiah Tut- tle, Samuel K. Gore and Ebenezer Shaw. February ses- sions, 1820, viewers report in favor of road. May sessions report finally confirmed and road ordered opened to the width of 30 feet. This was the first road from the river to Hornbrook, thence up the creek to the Maca- fee place. In 1829 this road was re-viewed, changed and lengthened from Daniel Brink's to the Woodburu place. Road from Matthew Roger's to Hadlock's. — At a court of quarter sessions, December, 1819, the petition of Jas. N. Park, Thos. Park, John X. Moore, Daniel Parke, Samuel Parke, Geoi-go Hadlock, Hathaway Dailey, Benj. Lament, Samuel McKinney, John (.'handler, Joseph Green, .John Anthony, Allen Bartholomew, Alexander Howden, Charles Bartholomew, Nehemiah Northrup, George Leonard, Chester S. Parks, Henry McKinney and Na- thaniel Flower, was presented, asking for a road "begin- ning at or near Matthew Rogers' in Ulster, thence the best route to or near John Moore's, and from thence to Daniel Parks^ to intersect the public road there, and further, your petitioners desire to have the road that was petitioned for from Sheshequin to Samuel Parks' an- nulled ; whereupon the court appoint Joseph Kingsbury, Geo. Kinney, Ebenezer Shaw. Avevv Gore, Samuel Bart- Irtt and Saiiiurl (lore, vie\vi-i-s lu exainiiu', etc, ami make report." September sessions, ]S-2( I, viewers re[)()rt ill favor of a road, heginuinLC a little sdiitli of the line be- tween Matthew UoLi,ers and I'eter Snyder, on the iriaiii road ruunin,!!; throuti'h Slie^herpiin, thence east 1)0 I'od.s, thence in a northeasterly direction past (Jreen's, Mnore's, Tapping's and McKinuey's to Hadioek's. Decemlier ses- sions report tiiially coniirineet-cm- ber sessions report linally confirmed and I'oad ordered opened of the widtb of •"><) feet. The greater part of tbi^ roail is still in use. •_':'>s Road From Post Road, on Old Claverack Line to Joshua Horton's. — At a court of quarter sessions, Sep- tember, 1820, the petition of Aaron Post, Jos. S. Elliott, Wm. Rippeth, Peter Post, Stephen Fergason, Elijah Horton, Joel Guild, Isaac Horton, Joshua Horton, Peter Barnard, Warren Gillett, Elisha Forbes, Geo. Gooding, Glioses Woodburn, Willard Green, Isaac Green, Wrn. Stai}ton, Wm. Tomson, Jonathan Tomson, Gilbert Plorton, Joshua Thom])S{)n and Abel Newell, was read, setting forth "that petitioners labor under great incon- venience for want of a road to lead from the post road near the old Claverack line to intersect the road leading from Wysox to Sheshequin, near Joshua Horton's, and pray the court for the appointment of viewers," etc.; whereupon the court appoint Benj. Brink, George Kin- ney, Warren Gillett, Avery Gore and Franklin Black- man. December sessions, viewers report in favor of road beginning at the post road on the tUaverack line, thence in a northeasterlj' direction to the road leading from Sheshequin to Myers' mill at or near Joshua Horton's; at same court report was finally confirmed and road ordered to be opened to the width of 30 feet. This road is practically the same as the one now leading from E W. Horton's to the ( 'hapman place. Road from Richard Horton's to Intersect Road Leading to John Bull's — At a court of quarter sessions, September, ]S20, the petition of John Bull, Jesse Allen, John .Vllen, Jas. Elliott, Zadock Gillett, .Joel Guild, Alexander Canedy, Elijah Horton, Geo. Gooding, Closes Woodburn, Wm. Horton, Samuel Landrus, Isaac J. Horton, Abel Newell, Hezekiah Newell, Stephen Shores, Geo. A'ibbert and Amos Butler, presented the court, set- ting forth "that a road is much wanted beginning on the post road near Richard Horton's in 'Wysox townshij) (now Sli(.'-;lie(.juin,) frt)iii thence lu iiiU-i'secl the I'oad lead- ing tViiiu John Bull's to I'lster, near Hezekiah X(.'\veirs impi-f)\\ iiieiit on saiil road, and [nay llie enmf I'dv the ai)|i()intnient of viewei's," etc.: \vheren])on tin' ('(mrt ap- ])oint JdHiah Tutlle, l'"ianklin Hlaeknian, liicliard Mort- on, Zadoek (iillett, .U)hn Alk'U and Sli-jilien Shores, I >eceniher sessions viewers re[)ort in faxor of said road ; at same eourt report was finally eoidirmed and road ordered opened to the width of IJU feet. This road is the i;encral highway from the Towner plaee llii'ongh the Post settlement and Morley Hill tfi Xortb. Rome. A con- siderable part of the original niad is still in use. Road from Wm. Fergason's to near Avery Gore's. — .\t a court of (|uarter sessions, Decendier, IS'il, the ])(.'titiou of lsaa(/ \\'. (ireen, .Varon I'ost, .Joel (uiihi, L. H. Heath, 1. S, Horton, .h)hu Post, Peter Post, Isaac l'\'rgasou. Saniuid I\. time and A. ^\^ Knapp was jire- senteil, setting forth "that petitioners labor under great in(;onvenience for want of a road fnan the W'vsox and Sheslie(piin road, at or near William Fergason's, to lead to, and intersect the < >rwcll and Sheslie(|uin road between Silas (lore's and Avery ( lore's, therefore pra\- the court for the appointiuent of viewers to view and lay out road, ete.'': whereupon the coni't appoint Avery ( Jore, Samuel < iore. J'jfiene/.er Shaw, Cahdi Shores, .Tolin .\llen and h'rankliu Blaekman. Pid)ruai-y sessions, Ls-2'_', viewers report infavor of road : and at May sessions report was finall\' confirmed and road ordered opened to the breadth of .'id feet. This road began at William Peigason's, then swunjT around like an irregular bend ol' a horse-shoc, passing by the Shores plaee, Moses \\'(.odburn's, crossing the Hornbrook-dlient road, terminating at the Orwell- Slieshei|uin road near Avery (loie's. This road is still e- tween "Old Slieshequin " (Ulster) and .Judge (lore's there was a natural fording place on the line of the old Indian war-path, over which teams could readily pass except in times of high water. This was very fortun- ate, as a large section of country was accommodated by this natural [)assage. Later as the bed of the rivei- changed, a ferry was constructed, wdiich, for many years, was operated Ijy Norman Shaw, l^pon the completion of the county bridge, IS.Sl), over the river between Ulster and Sheshequin, this ferry was, of course, abandoned. A fourth ferry was in operation for a short time, communi- cating with the west side of the river, on the line between Joseph Kinney and Joseph Kingsbury. FUl.lTIe.U, M.VTTEI From the earliest settlement, the citizens of 8tiesliequin have taken an active interest in the great political ques- tions and matters of local government, (ieneral Spald- ing, Judge Gore, CvJonel Kingsbury, and Colonel Black- man were notable political leaders of their time, and exercised an influence which was felt far beyond the con- fines of the county. The Kinneys and some others of a later generation have been potent factors in the political arena, and left an impress which is still discernible. Back 120 3'ears ago, after General Spalding had settled in Sheshequin, when the "fight was on" between 'Yan- kees" and " Pennamites," the following, as related by Mr. Miner, will illustrate the zeal of the former in pro- tecting their rights : " At the fall election ( 1783 ) Cap- tain Simon Spalding and twentj'-three others repaired to Northumberland, some of them travelling a hundred miles, and none of them less than sixt}', to reach the nearest place for balloting. After taking the oath of al- legiance, their ballots were deposited in separate boxes, lest they should be deemed irregular ; but this caused it to be known for- whom they had voted. So nearly were the parties divided, that these twenty-four votes decided the election of a member of the Supreme Executive Coun- cil, two Representatives to the Assembly and the Sheriff." As Part of Luzerne —For a number of years before the organization of Bradford county, the local govern- ment of the "Northern Townships" of Luzerne was in the hands of the supervisors of highways, overseers of the poor, constables and justices of the peace. These several offices were filled by appointments made by the court, except justices, who were appointed by the Governor. As shown by the records of Luzerne county, the following persons, residing in Sheshequin, then a part of the dist- ricts of Tioga, Ulster and "Wysox, were appointed Super- visors: 1788— John Fuller; 1789— .John Fuller and Nathaniel Shaw ; 1790— Captain Simon Spalding ; 1792- '96— .Josiah Marshall ; 1797— .Josiah ALar^hall and Jede- diah Shaw ; 1798— Jo.seph Kingsburv ; 1800— Ricliard Fuller; 1801— Ebenezer Shaw; 1804 — .Joseph Kings- bury; 1808— Josiah Tuttle ; 1810— Elijah Uorton ; 1812 — Franklin Blackman. Constables: 1792 Wil- liam Spalding; 1795— Josiah Marshall; 1796— Averv Gore ; 1797— John Spalding and Josiah Marshall ; 1798 •2 v.) — Joseph Kiiigsbur\' ; 17'.)'.) — Williain Si)aliliii;; ; l.MJU- '01— Ebenezer Shaw; 1803— William W. Spalding; I.SOI — Samuel Gore. Overseers of Poor: 17.S'.) — Na- thaniel Sliavv ; 1795 — Benjamin Cole ; 17'.)7 — Benjamin Cole; 171)!)— .lohn Spalding' : l.SOl— IVterSnvder ; 1803 — .Joseph KinL!,>hurv and Avery < iore. Fence Viewers: 17i)5_'()(;—Stqihen' Fuller; iSO:!— .lohn Spaldino;. Ap- praiser of Damages; 17'.)."i — Stejihen l'\iller. Jus- tices of the Peace : 17s7 — Ohadiah Gore, eleeied and commissioned for the di.striet of Tioo-a for se\'en vears ; 1792 — .Joseph Kinney appointed by the Go\-ernor for the Tioiia district " to serve during good behavior." Judge: In 17S7, upon the organization of Luzerne county, Oba- diah (lore was made one of the six judges of the court and served till 1791. Representatives: In 17.s8, '89 and '90, Obadiah (_Tore was chosen to the Lower tlouse of the State Legislature ; and General Simon Spalding, in 1791 and '92. Elections— .^heshequin was originally embraced in the Tioga election district, which included scN'eral of the present townshi[)S. After the formation of the county, the first election (October, 1812 ), for the Tioga district \\'as held at the hou^e of U'rigbt Loomis in Athens town- ship, who lived on the west side of the river above Milan. The judges for that election were Zephon Flower, Ebene- zer Shaw and Charles F. ^\'elles. Many of the citizens 0!i the east side of the river were required to go a er SheshiMjuin, County Officers — Slieshei|uin has furnished the follow- ing county officers: Joseph Kmuey, comniissioiier, elected 1S]2; Samuel Baitlett. auditor, elected I.SIU; Georj^-e Kinney, rei)resentati\H', elected l.S:;7: Daniel Brink, commissioner, elected l.S4"2 : Iv I'ercival Shaw, treasurer, elected ISfiT : (). H. 1' Kinney, rcpresi'utative, elected 1.S58 and T)'.! ; H. Wayne Kinney, ieiiies(Milati\ e. elected 1S(;." and '01]; George W Blackmun, prothono- tary, elecied ISTS and 'Sf ; I^afayette J. Culver, reinr- sentative, elected fsSS; Horace liorton, comniissionei', elected 1S9;J. Justices of the Peace — The followinu were the jus- tices commissioned to f S'ld : Samuel < lore, March 2(;, 1S12, for Ulster ; Rensselaer .1. Jenks, March 1, 1,S:](), for Athens, Slieslu'(|uin. Ulster and part of Ridgel)nr^■ ; George Kinney, Ajiril li, 18:>o. for Athens, Litchfield, 1-iidgeburv, Sheshec[uin and Ulster : Noel Rouse, .Tune It), ISluCfor Athens, Litchfield and Ulster: Jabez Fish, Novemlii'r 2-1, ]S:]7, for Athens, Litcljfield, Ridgeburv Sliesheijuin and L'Ister ; James Brink, December 10, LS3!», for Athens, Litchfield, Ridgebury, Sheshequin and Ulster: ( ieorge Kinney and James Brink, elected for five years and commissioned March 7. 1840 ; Franklin Blackman and Eilmund Hill, elected for five \-ears and commissioned March 4, 184.'). Constables — The following were the con.^tables to 1850; Thomas Marshall, 1821-'22 ; .lohn Brink, 182:1 '24, ■25; Archibald Forbes, 182(;; John Brink 1827, John Brink and Hiram Drake, 1828 : Harry Shaw, ls2;i ; Archibald I'oi'bes, 18:]0 ; Obadiah (Sore and Archibald Forbes, 18:j] : Arcliibakl Forbes. 1832: Arnold F. FtTgason, 1838, '34;. James 0. Culver, 1835-36; IsHac Lyons. 1837 ; H. Kitiuev, 1838 ; Alfred Gore, 1830; George Smith, 1840; John M. Smith, 1841; Charles Horton, 1842; Samuel B. Hoyt, 1843; Daniel B. Cul- ver, 1844, '45, '46; John Brink, 1S47, '48; James M. Smith and Samuel Griffin, 1849; Henry Kingsbury, 1850. VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. The following vote for President will show the strength of the different political parties in the town since 1824 : 1824 — Andrew Jackson (Denjocrat) Unanimous 1828— Andrew Jackson (Democrat) 4& " — Jno. Q. Adams (National Republican) 32 1832 — Andrew Jackson (Democrat) 66 " — Henry Clay (National Republican) 62 1836— Martin VanBuren (Democrat) 33 ■' —Wm. H. Harrison (Whig) '. 108 1840— Martin VanBuren (Democrat) 57 " —Wm. H. Harrison (Whig) 12-? 1844— James K. Polk (Democrat) 103 " —Henry Clay (Whig) 159 1848 — Lewis Cass (Democrat) 21 " —Zaohary Taylor (Whig) 152 " —Martin VanBuren (Free Soil) 84 1852— Franklin Pierce (Democrat) 103 " —Winfield Scott (Whig) 185 •• —John P. Hale (Abolition) 9' 1856 — James Buchanan (Democrat) 48 " —John C. Fremont (Republican) 269 1860— Stephen A. Douglas (Democrat) : 50 " — Abraham Lincoln (Republican) 269 1864— Geo. B. McClellan (Democrat) 77 " — Abraham Lincoln (Republican) 195 1868— Horatio Seymour (Democrat) 84 " -Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) 265 1872— Horace Greeley (Liberal Republican and Democrat) 49 " —Ulysses S. Grant, ( Republican ) 243 1876- Samuel J. Tilden (Democrat) 94 " — Rutherford B. Hayes (Rspublican) 274 1880— \V infield 8. Hancocli (Democrat) lO'.; " — James A. Garfield (Republican) 244 1884— Grover Cleveland (Democrat) 70 " — James (!. Blaine (Republican) 25.') 1888— Grover Cleveland (Democrat) 85 " — Benj. Harrison (Republican) _ 266 1892— Grover Cleveland 'Democrat) KH " — Benj. Harrison (Repiibliciin) 21S 1896— Wm. J. Brvan (Democrati ... B5 •• —Wm. McKinley (Republican) , ,. 240 1900- Wm. J. Bryan ( Democrat i 63 " — Wm. McKinley (Republican) 226 VOTE FOK (tLiVERN 11, '()3. for wounds received at Antietam, Sept. 17, '()2. Company K, 35th P V. Stephen Anthony, private: enlisted May 29, '61; killed at Spott^y! vania C^ H., May 12, '64. 40th (nth Reserves^ P. V. Alston J. Cole, assistant surgeon; enlisted March 16, '63; promoted to brevet major: mustered out with regiment June I'i. '64. Company G, 49th P. V. Benjamin C. Stephenson, private; enlisted Dec. 8, '63; mustered out with company July 15, '65. "William E. Stephenson, private; enlisted Dec. 8, '63; wounded in head and arm at Spotts*ylvania C. H., May 10, '64, in right foot at Harpers Ferry and in right hip at Sailor's Creek; mustered out with company July 15, '65. Jeremiah E. 'Vancise, private; enlisted Sejit. 2.'!. '63; mustered out with company July 15, '65. Company G 50th P. V. "William Gannon, private; enlisted Sept. '61; absent, sick, at mus- ter out; vet. James Horton, private; enlisted Sept. '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate. Avery Middaugh, private; enlisted Sept. '61; transferred to U. S. cavalry. Ira A. Tompkins, private; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; wounded second Bull Run. in hands of enemy si.x day-,; discharged Aug. 1. '1)5. George Weller, private; enlisted March 23, '64; mustered out with company July 30, '65. Smith Weller, private; enlisted Sept. '61; not on muster out roll. Company E, 51st P. V. Abraham Dingman, private: enlisted Sept. 27, '64: discharged by G. O. June 1, '65. "Victor E. Post, private; enlisted Sept. 27, '64; discharged by G. O. June 1, '65. Albert E. Smith, private; enlisted Sept, 27, '64; discharged by G. O. June 1, '65. ■William "Webb, private; enlisted Sept. 27, '64; discharged by G. O. June 1, '65. Company F, 51st P. V. James Bidlack, private; enlisted Sept. 27, '64: discharged by G. O. July 18, '65. George Sheeler, private; enlisted Sept. 29, '64: discharged by G. O. June 2, '65. Company H, 51st P. V. Hilman Ingerson, private; enlisted Sept. 27, '64; discharged by G. O. July 6, '65. Company H, 57th P. V. Mortimer Anthony, private; enlisted Sept. 18, -'61; deserted Nov. 28, '61; also private; Co. H, 11th P. Y. from Nov. 27, '61 to Oct. 31, '62. James M. Brady, private; enlisted Oct. 4, '61; discharged Oct. 25, '64; expiration of term. Joseph Brady, 1st lieutenant; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; promoted from 1st sergeant; killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, '63. Joseph Case, private; enlisted Oct. 4, '61. Allen Chandler, private; enlisted Nov. 4, '61; deserted Dec. 11,' '61. Charles Chandler, private; enlisted Sept. 18, '61. John M. Chandler, private; enlisted Sep. 18, '61; deserted. James H. Childs, sergeant; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; killed at the Wilderness May 5, '64; vet. Francis Conrad, private; enlisted Oct, 19, '61; transferred to Co. A; mustered out with company June 29, '65; vet. George A. Conrad, lirivalc: enlisted ( )i-| . I. '(JL; nlso iiieLulx'i- lif i'n. D, 17th P. V. cavalry. Willard Conrad, private: enlisted Oct. 19, '61: rdsti meml)ei- nf Co. H, 63rd N. Y. V. from March 1(1, '64 to Auy. 21, 01. William Conrad, private; enlisted Oct. 19, '61: shot through tlie neck at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, '(j'2: ti'ansferred to Co. .\: dis charged by G. O. June 5, '6.3: vet. Joseph Clark, private: enlisted Sept. 18, '61: transferred to C'u. .\ : died Oct. 2, '64 from wounds received at Peeble's Faruj. Sept. 29. '64. Burton A. DeMoney, enlisted Feb. 16, '64: transi'erred to (\). A: wounded at Wilderness May 5, "64: discharged by G. O. .June 19, '65. Thomas Douglass, private: enlisted Nov. 4, '61; transferred tu Cu. D. "Ward Eastabrooks, private: enlisted Sept. 18, '61: ti'ansferred to Co. A: mustered out with company June 29. '65: vet. Hugh Farley, sergeant: enlisted Sept. 18, '61: seriously wounded in the knee at Gettysburg from which he died. Henry S. Forbes, private; enlisted Sept 1, '61; wounded at Fred ericksburg, Dec, 13, '62, by a bayonet thrust in right leg, in the right •side at Chancellorsville, in the left shoulder at Gettysburg; captured at Charles City X Roads, July '62; prisoner at Belle Isle and Libby three months; discharged Nov. 26, '64. John C. Forbes, private ; enlisted Sept. 28. '64; discharged by G. (J. May 31, '65. Almon C. GiUett, musician ; enlisted Sept. 18. '61; killed at Fair Oaks May 31, '62. Daniel "W. Gore, captain; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; promoted success ively to 1st sergeant, 2nd lieutenant and captain; transferred to Co. A; wounded in the leg at Gettysburg; mustered out with company June 29, '65; vet. Martin T. Horton, private; enlisted Aug. 13, '62; wounded at Chan cellorsville ; transferred to Co. A ; discharged by G. O. May 31, '65. Eli F. Hudson, sergeant; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; promoted from pri- vate to corporal and sergeant; wounded at Chancellorsville and the Wilderness; transferred to Co. A; absent, wounded at muster out. Samuel G. Marshall, wagoner: enlisted Sejit. 18, '61: transferred to Co. A; mustered out with company June 29, '65: vet. Abraham Miller, private: enlisted Sept. 18. '61: killed at (iettys burg. Amos H. Miller, private; enlisted Oct. i, '61; mustered out Oct. 2.5, '64; expiration of term. Mile Miller, private: enlisted Sept. 18, '61 died at Camp Mercer. Dec. 29, '61. Solomon C. i^iller, sergeant; enlisted Oct. 4, '61; promoted from corporal; transferred to Co. A; mustered out Oct, 25, '64: expiration of term. Daniel Minier, 1st lieutenant; enlisted Sept. 4, '61; discharged for disability May 19, '62; re-enlisted in Co. G, 185th N. Y, V.: killed at Gravelly Run, Va., March 29, '65. John O'Connor, corporal; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; promoted from pri- vate; wounded in right hand at Wilderne.ss; transferred to company A; mustered out with company June 29, '65; vet. John C. Parks, private; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; wounded in foot at Fredericksburg; transferred to Co. A. Alvin R. Phalon, private; enlisted Sept. 18, '61. ■William Phinney, private; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; shot through the forehead and instantly killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, '62. Franklin "V. Shaw, 1st lieutenant; enlisted Dec. 2, '61; promoted; severely wounded in the head at the "Wilderness; transferred to Co. A; mustered out with company June 29, '65; vet. S. Gibson Shaw, musician; enlisted Oct. 4, '61; died during the Pen- insular campaign, '62. James A. Shores, private; enlisted Nov. 11, '61; served about one year; re-enlisted in another regiment as "Austin Smith": accidental- ly killed; aged about 23 years. Orange Shores, private; enlisted Oct. 19, '61: killed at Chancellors- ville, May 3, '63. Oscar Shores, private; enlisted Oct. 19. '61; transferred to Co. A; mustered out Oct. 25, '64; expiration of term. ■William Strickland, private: enlisted Oct. 1, '61; discharged after a short service in consequence of being near sighted. Joseph M. Tripp, 1st sergeant; enlisted Sept. 18, '61; promoted to sergeant and 1st sergeant; wounded in left leg at 'Wilderness; trans- ferred to Co. A; mustered out with company, June 25, 65; vet. Harrison ■Van'Veckten, corporal: enlisted Sept. 18, '61: died Jan. 23. '62; at Georgetown. D. C. William W. Wright, private; oiUistrd Si|>. 2'!. fil; tiimsliTi-ed to Co. A; absent, sick at muster out. Company L, 59th (2d Cavalry) P. V. Thomas Vancise, private: enlisted Peb. 'il). '64: transferred te Ca. L, 1st Pro. Cavalry, June '2H. (io. Company C, 76th P. V. EliasB. Ball, iirivate; pnlisted Jan. 19, (m; disrliiirt^ed liv (;.(). July 31. r,:>. Company C, 82d P. V. Lawrence Smith, private: enlisted ycpt. '21. '64: ilischarjjed bv (4. < ). June 17, '65. Company G 84th P. V. ■William Pickering, sergeant; enlisted IJee. ."1, '61; wounded Aug. 16. '64; at Charles City X Roads, with loss of left arm at shoulder joint: diseharged Dec. 6. '64, expiration of term. Company B, 141st P. V. Smith D. Barnum, private; enlisted Ang. 22, '62: wounded at Gettysburg; promoted to captain 2.'^rd Regiment U. S. C. T., March 21, '64: mustered out Nov. 30, 'efj. Loren Bennett, private: enlisted Aug. 22. '62: died July 'J. '6.'i, tif wounds received at Gettysburg. John H. Chaffee, sergeant; enlisted Aug. 22, '62; promoted huceess ively from i)rivate to corporal and from corporal to sergeant; wound- ed and captured at Chancellorsville, also wounded at Petersburg: mustered out with company May 28, '65. Hiram L. Culver, sergeant: enlisted Aug. 22, '62; promoted success- ively from private to corporal and from corporal to sergeant: killed at Wilderness May 6, '64, aged .31 years. Stillman J. Legg, .sergeant: enlist(>d .\ug. 22. '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 20. '62, Company D, 141st P. V. Henry J. Hudson, 1st lieutenant; enlisted Aug. 22. '62: promoted successively from sergeant to 1st sergeant and 1st lieutenant: wounded at Chancellorsville; mustered out with company May 2.-i, 65. 2r>(; Company E, 141st P. V. Henry M. Chandler, private; enlisted Aug. 25, '62; wounded at Wilderness; transferred to V. E. C, Aug. 31, '64; discharged by G. O. July 22, '65. David Dains, private; enlisted Aug. 25, '62; died May 19, '63: of wounds received at Chancellorsville ; aged 28 years. John P. Snyder, private; enlisted Aug. 25, '62; wounded at Chan- cellorsville; killed at Morris Farm, Nov. 27, '63; aged 33 years. Orrin D. Snyder, private; enlisted Aug. 25. '62; died May 20, '63, of wounds received at Chancellorsville, aged 28 years. Company I, 141st P. V. F. Cortes Rockwell, sergeant; enlisted Aug. 21, '62; pronaoted from corporal: wounded at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Spottsyl- vania; mustered out with company May 28, '65. Jeremiah S. Shores, private; enlisted March 31, "64; died June 27. '64; buried in National cemetery. City Point. Mahlon Shores, private; enlisted Aug. 21, '62; died Feb. 16, '63; aged about 24 years. Albert Smith, private; enlisted Aug. 21, '62; discharged on sur- geon's certificate Feb. 18, '63. 162nd P. V. (17th Cavalry.) Charles H. Ames, captain; enlisted Oct. 28, '62; resigned Mav 22, '63. Amos Congdon, sergeant; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Burton Conrad, private; enlisted Oct. .'!, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. George A. Conrad, private; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; transferred to 118th company, 2nd battalion, V. R. C; discharged bv G. O. Oct. 2, '65; also member of Co. H, 57th P. V. William H. Elliott, private: enlisted Oct. 17, "62; transferred to 50th company, 2nd battahon, Reserve Corps; discharged on surgeon's cer- tificate May 25, '65. "Walter H- French, corporal; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; promoted from pri- vate; wounded at Front Royal, Va., Aug. 16, '64 with loss of left leg; discharged Aug. 7, fi.'^. ■ bii'ia French, private; enlisted Oct. 16, '62; discharged on sur- geon's certificate March 4, '63. Sophronos Hill, corporal; enlisted Oct. 28, '62; promoted from pri- vate; killed in action Feb. 28, '65 — buried in National cemetery, Winchester, Va., lot 26. Samuel Heavener, farrier; enlisted Oct. 28, '62: mustered out with Co. L, 2nd regiment Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, '65. Elmer O. Horton, private; enlisted Oct. 28, '62; discharged on sur- geon's certificate April 6, '63. Newcomfa Kinney, sergeant: enlisted Oct. 3, '62; promoted from corporal; killed at Trevillian Station, Va., June 12, '64. Squire H. Lamoreaux, private; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; died at Ports- mouth Grove hospital, R. I., Feb. 28, 'a3. Joseph Post, private; enlisted Oct. 28, '62; mustered out with Co. L, 2nd Regiment. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, '65. Charles H. Rockwell, private; enlisted Oct. 3. '62: discharged by G. O. July 24, '65. Charles H. Smith,private: enlisted Oct. .3, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. John M. Smith, private ; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; discharged on sur- geon's certificate May 14, '65. Myers Smith, private: enlisted Oct. 17, '62; mustered out with Co. L, 2nd Regiment, Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, '65. Jacob Sheeler, private; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; died at Annapolis, Md.. Jan. 16, '64. Ira Tompkins, private; enlisted Oct. 3. 62; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Jan. 16, '64. Henry P. Tripp, private; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; died at Giesboro, Md., Sept. 8, '64; buried in National Cemetury, Arlington, Va., William Tripp, private; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; captured — died at Salisbury, N. C., Oct. 26, '64, buried in an unknown grave. Curtis B. Tyrrell, private; enlisted Oct. 28, '62; wounded at Five Forks, Va., April 1, '65; discharged by G. O. June 7, '65. William R. Vancise, sergeant; enlisted Oct. 3, '62; promoted from private to corporal and from corporal to sergeant; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Hyman Vanduzer, corporal, enlisted Oct. 17, '62; promoted from private: discharged by G. O. June 21, '65. ■2F,S Philip Verbecfc, private; enlisted Oct. 17, '62; discharged on sur- geon's certificate Sept. 10, '63. Darius Wayman, private; enlisted Oct. .3, '62; discharged by G. O. June 2, '65. Charles F. Willard, 1st lieutenant; enhsted Oct. 4, '62; resigned April 7, '63. Company B, 171st P. V. Wilson D. Gillett, corporal; enlisted Nov. 2, '62; died at Newbern, N. C, Jan. 16, '63. Ulysses E. Horton, captain; enlisted Nov. 2, '62; mustered out with company Aug. 7, '63. Lorenzo D. Minier, corporal; enlisted Nov. 2, '62; mustered out with company Aug. 7, '63; also member of Co. G, 185th N. Y. V. Aaron SSieeler, private; enlisted Nov. 2, '62; mustered out with company Aug. 7, '63. Abraham B. Vancise, private; enlisted Nov. 2, '62; mustered out with company Aug. 7, '63; also member of Co. C. 1st N. Y. V. V. Cavalry. Andrew Y. Vancise, sergeant; enlisted Nov. 2, '62; mustered out with company Aug. 7, '63. John B. Wheaton, corporal; enlisted Nov. 2, '62; promoted from pri- vate; mustered out with company A\ig. 7, '63. 172nd P. V. Cornelius H. Cole, surgeon; enlisted Dec. 2. '62: promoted from a^ sistant surgeon; mustered out with regiment Aug. 1, '63. Company I, 187th P. V. Guy D. Ball, private; enlisted May 4, '64; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, '64, aged 18 years. Company D, ist N. Y. V. V. Cavalry. Stephen G. Earner, age 24, private; enlisted Sept. 1, '64 at Orange, N. Y., for one year; mustered out June 8, '65 at Gamp Piatt, W. Va.; also member of Co. P, 13th Pa. Militia. Harry Wilson Baxter, age 30, private; enlisted Sept. 1, '64 at Spencer, N. Y., for three years; mustered out June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt. W. Va. Ebuleos H. Brigham, ai^e 'I'S, pri\ati-; enli^.tcd Sciit. 3, '04 at Dry den, N. Y., tor one year; dischar{i;ed June rt. '65 at Camp Piatt, W Va. Horace H. Johnson, age 27, private; enlisted Sept. 1, '64 at Spencer, N. Y., for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, W. Va. Hiram B. Lent, age 25, private; enlisted Sept. 3, '64 at Dryden, N. Y., fur one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, W. Va. Abram B. Luckey, age 28, private; enlisted Sept. 2, '64 at Dryden, N. Y., for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, W. Va. Robert McDonald, age 22, private; enlisted Sept. 2, '64 at Dryden, N. v., for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, W. Va. Mile Merrill, age 28, private: enlisted Sept. 3, '64 at Groton, N. Y., for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, W. Va. Ira Murphy, age 38, private; enlisted Sept. 3, '64 at Groton, N. Y., for one year; discharged June 9, '65 at Camp Piatt, W. Va. James A. Smith, age 21, private; enlisted Sept. 3, '64 at Groton, N. Y., for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, W, Va. Abraham B. Vancise, age 34, private Co. C; enlisted Sept. 12, '64 at Orange, N. Y., for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt. W. Va.; also member Co. B, 171st P. V. Charles F. Vancise, age 26, private Co. C; enlisted Sept. 12, '64 at Orange. X. Y., for one year; discharged June 8. '65 at Camp Piatt. \V. Va. Hiram S. Vancise, age 29, private; enlisted Sept. 1, 64 at Orangf. X. Y,, for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, W. Va. Moses B. Vancise, age 26, private; enlisted Sept. 1, '64 at Orange, N. Y., for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, W. Va. Cyrenus Webb, age 23. private; enlisted Sept. 1, '64 at Spencer N. Y., for one year; discharged June 8, '05 at Cam Piatt, W. Va. John J. 'Webb, age 31, private; enlisted Sept. 1, '64 at Orange, N. \ ., for one year; discharged June 8, '65 at Camp Piatt, 'W. Va. Company G, 5th N. Y. V. Cavalry. Isaac M. Thompson, private. Company H, loth N. Y. V. Cavalry. Charles N. Billings, private; enlisted at Hector, X. Y.. Sept. 10, '64; killed in action Xov. 18. '64 at Blackwater Creek, Va., aged 18 years. 2m Thomas B. Cotton, corporal, age 24 years; enlisted at Litchfield, Pa., Nov. 1, '61; wounded June 9, '63; discharged Dec. 15, '63 on sur- geon's certificate. George Leonard Hetnenway, private; enlisted at Barton, N. Y., Sept. 5, '64; died June 17, '65 in hospital at Philadelphia of disease, aged 22 years, 3 mos and 2 ds. John Sheeler, private, age 20 years; enlisted at Barton, N. Y., Sept. 5, '64; transferred to Co. H, 1st N. Y. Pro v. Cavalry. Abraham J. Thompson, 1st lieutenant, age 26 years: enlisted at Waverly, N. Y., Oct. 1, '61; captured at Centre ville, Va., Aug. 31, '62, paroled Sept. 1, '62; re-enlisted Dec 31, '63; promoted successively to corporal, sergeant, 1st sergeant and mustered 1st lieutenant Nov. 4, '64; served till Nov. '65; committed suicide at Sheshequin, June 30, 1902. Thomas D. Wood, private, age 35 years; enlisted at Barton, N. Y.i Aug. 31, '64; transferred to Co. H, 1st N. Y. Prov. Cavalry, June 17, '65. Company H, I2th N. Y. V. Cavalry. James McDonald, private, age 20 years; enlisted Sept. 15, '64 at Phelps, N. Y.; captured at Wise's Forks, N. C, March 8, '65, prisoner at Libby, paroled and returned to company June 20; discharged by Q. O. June 23, '63. Company B, 6th N. Y. V. Heavy Artillery. Daniel StniMe, private, age 29 years; enlisted Deo. 30, '63 at Berk- shire, N. Y.; mustered out with company Aug. 24, '65. Company B, 8th N. Y. V. Heavy Artillery. John R. Bnnk, private; enlisted Jan. '64; captured at Ream's Sta- tion, Va., Aug. 25, '64; prisoner at Libby, Belle Isle and Salisbury; paroled Feb. 28, '65; discharged Aug. '65. David Heavener, private; enlisted Jan, '64; captured at Ream's Station, Va., Aug. 25, '64; died in Salisbury about Dec. '64; buried, in an unknown and unmarked grave. John Osfaorn, private; enlisted Jan. '64; mustered out with com- pany '65. Oliver N. Segar, private: enlisted Jan. '64: mustered out with com- pany '65. Austin C. Tuttle, privatr; t-nlisti'd Jan. Ht; ilit-il at lialtiiMorc, Aid., March .31, (it of t.vphoid fever in lii.^ 'J'JikI year. Daniel Vann, jirivnte: enli.-^ted Jan. '64; killi-d in liattlc. Edmund Vann, private; eidi^lcil Jan. (iJ: inii.^len-d out with i-mn paiiy li."). 14th N. Y. V. Heavy Artillery. Lester E. Brigham, iinvate; enlisted Dee. ]:!. '(j,'!; tranf,feri-ed to (.'0. L, 6th N, V. V. Artillery. May 10, (M: wounded and eai)tured at Hi'thesda Church, Va., May ."(I. 'CI; died from wounds Tune H. '64. in jirison hospital Xo. 21 at Richmond, Va. Dennis L. Sweeney, seryeant; enlisterl Dee. l.'-i. '6.'!: di.seharyed Auy. •J6. '6,-). 15th N. Y. V. Engineers. Joseph Vancise, iC'o. Ki. private: enlisted Sept. ."1. '64; diseluirL;eii June 1.3, '6."). 50th N. Y. V. Engineers. Theodore W. Wickizer, iC'o. Ki. '56th N. Y. Volunteers. "William Brundage, it.'o. Di. 63rd N. Y. Volunteers. Robert Chandler, iCo. Ei. ])rivate; enlisted .March 8. 64; discharged .Tunc .30, '6.3. Willard Conrad, (Co. H). private; enlisted March lU. 64: discharged \\\iX. 1. '64 on Kuriicon's certihcate. 89th N. Y. Volunteers. James Horton, iCu. Hi; also see Cu. (i. ."iDtli P. \'. 109th N. Y. Volunteers. Cornelius 'Vancise, (Co. K). Samuel Vancise, (Co. K). 137th N. Y. Volunteers. Alfred Chandler, (iinassigned), private: enlisted Sept. '64; prisoner; paroled and returned home. Nelson Conrad, (unassignedi, iirivate; i-nlisted Sejjt. '1)4; ilischarst'd ))y G. O. June, '65. John D. Feucht, (unassigned), private: enlisted Sept. '64: discharged liy G. O. .Tune 'B."). 141st N. Y. Volunteers. Alfred C. Deats, (Co. K), corporal; enliisted Aug. 8, 'G'2; discharged by G. O. June 18, '65. 179th N. Y. Volunteers. Henry Menold, (Co. K). 185th N. Y. Volunteers. Henri Beloud, (Co. D), private; enlisted Sept. 13, '64; transferred to Co. P, 22nd N. Y. Cav.; discharged May 30, '65. Isaac Hrton, (Co. C), private; enlisted Sept. 3, '64; died Nov. 11, '64 of typhoid fever in hospital near Alexandria, Va., where he is buried, aged 27 years. Lorenzo D. Minier, (Co G); also see Co. B, 171st P. V. Samuel G. Minier, (Co. G), private; enlisted Sept. 5, '64; discharged by G. O.June, '65. Company A, 8th U. S. Infantry. Abazina French, private; enlisted March 17, '62; captured at Man- assas, 'Va., prisoner at Belle Isle 15 days; discharged March 20, '65 — expiration of term. John French, private; enlisted March 17. '62; discharged March 17, '65 — expiration of term. Lemuel Hemenway, (Co. D), private: enlisted March 17, '62; died about Oct. '62, aged about 22 years. ■William Sheeler, private; enlisted March '62; discharged on sur- geon's certificate the latter part of '62. Daniel D. Tompkins, private; enlisted March 5, '62; discharged Aug. 7, '62; re-enlisted Sept. '63 in Co. F, 146th N. Y. V.: wounded in loft toot at Wilderness; discharged June 17, '65. Company D, 39th 111. Volunteers. Norman P. BuUis, teamster; enlisted Aug. 9, '61: discharged Sept. 1(1. '64 — expiration of term; vet. George L. Fuller, sergeant; enlisted Aug. 9, '61; promoted success ively to corporal and sergeant; discharged Sept. 10, '64 — expiration of term: vet. Company H, 92nd 111. Volunteers. Charles R. Fuller, assistant hospital steward; pnlistcd Sept. '62; promoted from private; discharged at close of war. 14th Veteran Reserve Corps. George Warren, private Co. C; enlisted March 8. '64; discharged liy G. O. July 24, '65. Other Soldiers. Allen Carpenter. David Carpenter. Perry Carpenter. Robert Carpenter. Alanson Conrad, private t'o. B, 6th N. Y. V. Heavy Artillery. William Crowley. David H Demoney, died near "Releigh. N. C. aged 27 years, Martin Harrigan. O. Ritner Hemenway, wounded at Spottsylvania. Sylvester Horton, died in Kentucky, May 16. '62. David Kilmer, Co. G, 127th 111. Vol. Stephen J. Lovelace, sergeant; died at Harper's Perry hospital Dec. 27, '62, aged 31 years. James Russell. Archibald Sheeler. Harry Smith. Orrin Smith. Valentine Smith. Robert Vancise, Sickles' brigade. James 'Warren, died at Soldier's Home. Dayton, O. Company F, 13th Pennsylvania Militia. [Prom Sept. 12 to Sept. 25, 1862.J Corporals — Newton Kinney, Archibald Forbes; privates — Stephen G. Earner, Jeremiah Kilmer, Joseph Post, George W. Shores, Cy- renus 'Webb, Charles Vancise, (Co. H.I Company A, 35th Pennsylvania Militia. (From July 2 to Aug. 7, 1863.J Corporal — Stephen Z. Shores; privates — Ira A. Barnum, William K. Hill, Benjamin P. Horton, George W. Horton, William P. Horton, John J. Webb. William Webb, Isaac L. Young. Engineer Corps. George Childs, Klisha Forlx's and Lawven(;e Vought. BURIAL RECORDS. IKillXl'.KdOK CIvMETI'M-tY. David Childs. - - - - Dr. C. D. H. Cole, died Jan. 1, 1894, aged 76 years. J. Oscar Frost, died July 3, 1898, aged 58 years. Ulysses E. Horton, died Feb. i, 189-3, aged 74 years. Hillman Ingerson, died July 16, 1865, aged 23 years. Stephen J. Lovelace, see record of sei'vice. Lawrence Smith, died July 5, 1865, aged 22 years. Wm. H. Snyder, died July 23, 1881. aged 37 years. Philander M. Towner, died Aug. 14. 1887, aged 45 years. Austin C. Tiittle, see record of service. (iHENT CK.METIOKY. Henri Beloud, died March 8, 1900, aged 67 years. Burton Conrad, died April 5, 1873, aged 39 years. John N. Dunham, died May 5, 1866, aged 39 years. O. Ritner Hemenway, died Oct. 5, 1880, aged 43 years. James Horton, died Feb. 9, 1893, aged 65 years. Wm. E. Stephenson, died Nov. 7, 1900, aged 79 years. Daniel D. Tompkins, died April 26, 1898, aged 64 years. Ira Tompkins, died Sept. 11, 1870, aged 54 years. John Chandler, XdRTJl (illKXT CEMETIiHY. Frank Cunrad. Nelson Conrad. Geo. L.- Hemenway, died June 17, 1865, aged 22 years. Henry Menold, died Jilly 16, 1901, aged 74 years. Abraham B. Vancise, died April 20. 1892, aged 62 years. I'dST ('l•;.\II<:Tl-:l■;^■. .To.-^c|j|i Pust. Diivid Kilmer. iloi'liiiicr Aiithuiiy, iSti'phen Anthuny, killod, see lecoi-il of seixice. ('apt. ('. H. Ames, died (Jel. ;i(). 187!l, aued tiO ,veai> (luy I). Ball, killed, see reeord (if sei'\iee. I)a\id Dailies, see I'eenrd of ser\ ii'i'. Aljiahaiu I )iiiL;Liian. died Nii\'. 24. I'.Hll. ai;ed 77 years. Abisha French, died Xo\-. 21), 1H8-2, aj;ed 1)8 years. Samuel Heavener, died .Tidy l-'i. 1871!. a^cd .'iS ^ears. Jay Heath. (ieo. F. Kinne\. died Aii^-. i). IstlG, a^'ed .7() years. .\hram B. lAn-key. died April ll. 19111. aged .78 \i'ars. Daniel Minier. killed, see riMord of service. (ieu. P. Rojj'ers, died March 16. 18(i.7. ajjed 'Ji years. Matthew Koyers. killed at Wild.-rnes^. May Ci. ]8(;4, aged 20 years. Valentine Siiidh. .lohn P. Siiwler, killed, see record of serviciv Orrin D. Snyder, killed, see reeoi'd of service. Bduuind Vann, died Dee. 10, 1891, a-ed 60 yeais. Dealmon M. \Vatkins. died July 12. 1S8S. ii;;ed 11 years. The "SlicslnM|uiu Ijuys" served ill eA'evv (le])artni('iit uf the ruioii nniiy. cxcujit the luivy, luid tlieir fighting reeofd iueludes all tlie great Ijattles of tlie war. There w;is scarcely a family in the town but what .sent one or more ol' its meinhers to the front. Nine brothers, sons of .\brahain N'aneise, donned the blue. \\'illiam Trip|> and tliree sons faced rebel bullets. Tlie father lost liis life in piisoii, (iiie of the sons. Henry, died, the other two re- turned home battle-scarred. The first martyr to the cause of the Tnion was .\lmon ('. (iilletl. who was killed at the battle of l^iir Oaks. The last man from the town, killed in aetion, wa-; Daniel Minier. The percentage of loss (20 per eeiit.j aiuong the .Slie- shequiii soldiers was exceedingly high. Sixteen were killed on the battlefield — Almon C. Gillett, Clarence B. Shaw, Stephen Anthony, James H. Childs, Abraham Miller, Daniel Minier, William Phinney, Orange Shores, Hiram L. Culver, John P. Snyder, Sophronus Hill-, New- comb Kinney, Guy D. Ball, Charles N. Billings, Joseph Brady and Daniel Vann ; four died of wounds — Hugh Farley, Loren Bennett, David Daines and Orrin D. Snyder ; three died in prison — William Tripp, Lester E. Brigham and David Heavener ; one was killed accident- ally — James A. Shores ; fifteen died of disease — S. Gib- son Shaw, Harrison VanVeckten, Jeremiah S. Shores, Mahion Shores, Squire H. Laraoreaux, Jacob Sheeler, Henry P. Tripp, Wilson D. Gillett, Geo. L. Hemenwaj% Austin C. Tuttle, Isaac Horton, Lemuel Hemenway, David H. Demoney, Sylvester Horton and Stephen J. Lovelace ; one, Lawrence Smith, died on his way home. Twenty-four were badly wounded. Eight experienced the horrors of rebel prisons. Jno. R. Brink .says of the 13 of his company, captured with him, he was the only one who came out of prison alive. During the five months he was in Salisbury 5,000 Union soldiers died, CHAPTER VII. e EDUCATION, CHURCHES AND SOCIETIES. sri-idiir.s. 'T'/Z/i earliest fleineutury schnuls in tlic county, as es- tablisbed by the first settlers, were conducted in the most simple and primitive style. As the people began to improve their dwellings, the abandoned dwellingdiouse served for the first school-house, \\dien a buildino; was reeled for the purpose of school, it was not much better. The people of the neighborhood assembled, put up a house of logs, laid u]) 'Tobdiouse fashion," so high that it would be about six feet between the floors. The floor was laid diiwn loose, so that the pupils might take up a board to obtain whatever might have fallen through the crevices. The interstices between the logs were chinked witli pieces of wood fitted for that purpdse, and then an abundance of mud was spread over to make them tight. Tlu' fire- place was from four to six feet long and about the same height, the jambs of which were formed by large flat stones set up on one edge. The desks were made by bor- ing in the logs and putting in pins for the shelf to lie on. •2(i,s The seats were slabs, with pegs put in lor legs. The only furniture besides consisted of a cross-legged tal)le and, perhaps, a borrowed chair. The wood was hauled in drags and cut by the teacher and older boys. Tlie desks extended along two sides of the room, with benches in front, and the pupils sat with their faces to the wall. One end of the room contained the door, and the opposite one was occupied by the fire-place. Two or three smaller benches were arranged about the fire-place, which were occupied by the smaller pupils ; here frequently tliey were compelled to sit from morning till night on benches witbout backs, and often so high their feet could not touch the floor. All the appliances of the school were in harmony with the rude character of the building. Pro- fessional teaching was unknown. The best educated of the sons and daughters of the farmers and mechanics were selected for this work, who enlisted in teaching only as a temporary employment, always leaving the school when a more lucrative business offered. The intellect- ual qualifications were not of a very high order. Read- ing, spelling, writing and arithmetic as far as Reduction, or at the most through the "Double rale of Three," were ample ; geography and English grammar were unknown. Books were few and of the most indifferent character — often three or four pupils using the same book. Goose- cjuills were used for pens, and making and mending them were a part of the teacher's work. Ink was manu- factured from the bark of tlie soft maple. Problems were sometimes workeil out upon shingles ; and the Ifachor or pupils iLilt'd the pa[)er used lor (.'opy books. The only apparatus was obtained in the bceih and hickoiy groves near by, and ability to use tlio rod with frequency and effect was an essential r|ualification for the school niastiM". Schools were kcpl open six days in tiic week and from three to six UKuiths in tlie year. The compensation for male teachers was from !$S to $1'! per month, and for female teacluMs from To cents to $1 per week, in each case includinu, lioard amono- the families of the neighborhood. In the eai'liest schools, the teacher was paid by a voluntary subscriplion tVom the ]ieople, which consisted sometimes of grain, flax, wood, work or whatever could be given in remuneration for the si.-rvices rendered. Subse(|uently, a rale bill based U])On the number of days each pujiil had jjeen in sehool, was made out. by the teacher, handed to the committee elected at the meetnig of the inhabitants of the district, who cob lected the money and paid the teaclier. No public money or appropriation was made for the support of ])ublic schools prior to 1884, except from the county funds. Money from the county was drawn in the fol- lowing manner : The assessor of each township oi- borough was instructed to make inquiry if any persons were so poor they could not |iay foi' the tuition of their children, or part of them. In sucli case the assessor w- turned the names of such indigent children to tlie coun- ty commissioners, and a warrant was drawn on the coun- ty treasurer for the tuition of such child or cliildren. ■_!70 The first, scliool in the lou'iisliip of wiiicli we liave an y record, was taught by Moses Park about 1790 in Upper Sheshequin, where a school house was erected in 1793. The Duke Liancourt, who passed tlirough " Old Sheshequin " in 1795, says : " There are two schools in the neighboring country, which are both kept by women who teach needlework and reading. To learn to read 1=, therefore, the only instruction which boys can obtain here. These schools are maintained solely by the fee of five shillings a f[uarter paid by each scholar." Tn 1797 or '9s, Dr. Adonijah Warner, a native of Massachusetts, who had located in Athens, came to Sheshequin and "engaged to teach school, with the privilege of visiting his patients when called upon." He does not appear to have taught more than one term, as he soon after mar- ried Nancy Means of Towanda and located in Wysox. ( )tlier early teachers in the neighborhood were : Zebu- Ion Butler, Ethlyn Brown, Matilda Brink, Martha Chan- dler, Miss Pelton, Rev. Whitney, Mr. Woodburn, Eli/,a Hill, Miles F. Kinney, Wallace Kinney, Wayne Kinney, Mrs. S. .T. Gibson, .Julia H. Kinney and Henry Hancotk. .Foseph Franklin and Seeley Hayes were probably the first teachers in the Hornbrook localitj'. Later teachers here were ; Dr. William S. Way, Dr. Amos Park, Mi- nerva Griffin, Lucinda Horton, .Tames Crooks, Emeline Snyder, Caroline Ayer, .Matilda Brink, Theo. Fairchild, a .Mr. Bai'uer, Pranklin and Hiram Blackman. The log school house which stood in the back -fields of E. FT. Brigham, the one in the hollow below the .Macafee place and tlic one on the YoLing's farm at (Then!, are yti le- inembered. Before the erection of the selionlh(in=;e al Hornbrook, school was kept also in ,i little house on Ihc Xevvell place and in a linuse on the farm of W'ari'eii (iillett. The first teachers in the 'ihenl neighhorhood wei'e Sail}' Dexter, Larman II. Klliott, Newton Kinnev, John Wicki/.er, Sally Townsend, iU-n. \y I'.astinan, W'ni. Elliott, Ivussell McKinney, Preceptor Poibes. itozilla Lent, .Vmanda Uippeth, Aaron Post, Taliillia Ilorton, iMiieline Sickler and Naiie}- Shores. The first school buildings wei'e log houses on the ^'oung's and David- son's plaee. In thi' early lid's a plank buihiing was erected in froid of the present liei[uin at an early day, but as most of this history is incorpoi'atod in the article on the "Universalist so- ciety." we omit further mention here. The Universalist Society. — ^\'ritten by .Maj. AV. H. H. I lor<' ■ The histoi'N' of the Shesberfuin Universalist so- ciety 1 have ol>tained partly from official records and traditions, but the earlier records of the society, if there ever were any, are lost, and we must depend on tradition as regards the organization or birth. I give it as it was given to me vears ago. Mv first recollections begin about 1.S40, and 1 oflen Iieanl my parents and gi'and- parents talk of the building of the church and the earh' da3's of the society, and from the most reliable informa- tion to be obtained it was moulded into form about 1808. Up to that time the people of the valley, including the people across the river (now Ulster) worshiped according to the "Baptist faith," Rev. Moses Park mainly minister- ing to their spiritual necessities, preaching in a school liouse located near the center of tl]e valley. Al.«o Elder West labored in the settlements round about. lie was what would now be termed a revivalist, and was for a time settled with the Wysox parish. In 1791 the Baptists between Athens and Towanda held meetings on each side of the river alternately. Many of the meetings being held at Judge Gore's, it be- ing handy for the people "over tlie river" to cross over and come up the flats through' the old- Indian meadow by a footpath to Judge Gore's liouse ; and while the good people were at their devotions, the boys, my father among the rest, tied the grass together across the path and then hid in the brush to see the deacons and sometimes their wives fall. Not exactly from grace, but perhaps their thoughts were at times somewhat ungodly. Moses Park moved to Sheshequin about 1786 ; he married a daugh- ter of Gen. Simon Spalding, and owned the farm on whicli I was born. He commenced i')reaching Univer- salism in 179:.l and remained in Sheshequin until, LSOfi, when lie sold liis fai-iii to Judge Gore aiid removed to <_)liio ; roiiiiuiiiiii; ubonl h\n ycui's, when he ivdiriiril to Alliens find died in ISIT, .■ii^ed ."il years. ( )n ii nionnnionl in Spiin^licld Inwnsliip is tliis in- (•ri]iti(in — "Sacied to tlie inemory "f Uev. Nouti Mun-av, the first preaclier of rnivcrsalisin in ISradford Co., wlio died May lltli, isil, in the Tofh year of his age." Mi'. NTnrray was horn in < 'onnecticut. Ide coniiiu'iifed jn-eachiny- as a Baptist, was converted to rni\-ersalisiii and movi'd to Atliens in 1790. ]l woidd seera that he preaclied in Slnslie(|uiii, and preaclied sli-oiinly (as was then thi' (aistoin) of Iris religious i'on\'iclioiis. This eonlil not he tolerated ; this pretender nmsl be silenced : he must ufi longer disseminate the heretical doctrine of uni- versal .salvation of the whole human family from the Iwjndage of sin and corruption. He was scattering lire brands ill the walls of Zion, and in order to end so de- plorable a state of affairs, Moses Park and Josejjh Kin- ney were deputed to fight this Goliah and demolish his sti'ongholds. They were thought to be well adapted to a,ccom|Tiish this laudable )iur[)Ose; the former possessing the Christian \-irtnes in an eminent degree, and the latter adding a shrewdness, ingeiuiity, and ,-ouiidness in argu- ment hard to withstand. Armed ^vith their well-thumbed Bible, they firoceeded to Athens, to the residence of Mr. XFurrav, and made known their errand ; he received them kindly and courteously, and gladly accepited the challenge and acceded to their request. All night and the next day they fought the good fight. The doctrine of the endless suffering of the wicked, with baptism as a saving ordinance, were relied on b)' tliera as indispens- able to a correct understanding of the Scriptures and a necessity of the divine government. But the deeper they went into th(> investigation, the weaker became their de- fense ; they saw one- after another their strongholds de- molished and the sun of righteousness melting the ice- bergs of Galvanism. In short, they were defeated, and acknowledged it and finally rejoiced over it. They agreed to adopt the doctrine of Murray, and Mr. Park was to present the sentiments to his congregation and study the effect without proclaiming tlie name of the new faith. His congregation approved of the new preaching and wondered at the improvements in spirit- uality and wisdom of the preacher. Finally, after speak- ing as if by inspiration, he informed his hearers that he believed with his whole soul the doctrine of the universal salvation of the whole human race ; that he could no longer minister to them as pastor of a Baptist society and tendered his resignation. A few denounced, but a large majority stood by him and remained steadfast? in the doctrine till their death. After he returned from Ohio about 1808, a society was formed, but whether they had a settled pastor during the succeeding years 1 am unable to learn ; but they had occasional services from itinerant preachers, Rogers, Stacey, Thomas, etc., till 1827, wlien the citizens by vol- untary subscription erected the present church edifice. It was built by Wm. Marvin of Pike, aided by the citizens who made "bees'" to haul stone, to get out timber, etc.- and I liud in the old account book of KbeiieztT Shaw a charge of one gallon whisky, to aid in hauling stone for churcli. The steeple has since been remodeled, lowered and shape changed. It Ikh been reshingled and re- painted several times, but the interior arrangement is nearly' like the oi'iginal. There was a Sunday school in- troduced Sdon after building tlie church, i)rnbably about ]S30 or ';]!, Miss Julia 11. Kinney being active in the work. Rev. (}. S. .\mes was installed as pastor and ri;- mained there for -^ome years. His wife was a daughter of Mos(.'s Park. Jn l,s;i:j, J find some rules and regulations, with a i)re- amble as follows : Whereas, the Slieshequin and Athens Tniversalist societ}' has been circumscribed by means of a new society having been formed at Atliens, and it be- comes necest-ary to make alterations and some new rules for the welfare and prosperity of piu'e religion among us; we, the undersigned, therelbre adopt the following articles as our guide or rules of conduct : Art. Isi — The society shall be known hereafter as "The First Universa- list Society of Sheshequin." Then follows the usual articles as to duties of officers, etc., and articles of faith, and any person subscribing to the same would be con- sidered a member. Then, in 1S4:!, I find another series of articles retaining the old name and differing but little from the original articles. It was still called a society. About this time an effort was made to have a regular church organization, and through the efforts of Mrs. Julia II. Scott, succeeded in part. I can remembei' as a •_:7s boy, probably about 1841, of the rite of baptism being performed, ami Mrs. Scott was one of the persons bap- tised, also my mother, and undoubtedly it was at this time a church organization was formed. This was under the ministering of Rev. (i. S. Ames. Then follows a list of members — 35 males and 31 females, all of whom have passed to the great beyond, with one exception — Char- lotte Spalding, now jMrs. Segar, living in Sayre, over .SO years of age. The officers were : Trustees, Joseph Kings- bury, Avery (lore, Ebenezer Shaw, Reuben Griffin, Franklin Blackman ; treasurer, Obadiah Goi'e ; clerk, Geo. W. Kinney. Jan. 11, Islo, the society met at the the "Center school house," re-elected tlie above named officers, and took up the subject of repairing and paint- ing the "meeting house." On motion, the trustees were authorized to raise by subscription a sum necessary for that purpose, and if more could be raised than was neces- hiary the balance to be applied for preaching. The question of a legal charter of incorporation was referred to a committee, consisting of Joseph Kingsbury, (). H. P. Kinney and Hiram Shaw. Bearing date of May G, 1845, a charter was granted under the name of the "First Universalist Society of Sheshequin," and em- powers them to "sue and be sued, to take and hold lands, tenements, goods and chattels, the clear yearly value or income of which shall not exceed $2,000, to grant, bargain, sell, mortgage and deed any real estate, etc." Article 9 states "That the meeting house belonging to this society shall be open for all Christian preachers of any (leiioiiiiiiatii)ii lo lioM iiieftiii^s in, wlien nut occu- pied by a jireaclier of tlie denomination of this society." Tlie object of this charter at that tinic was to prevent tlie church property linm drifting to otlicr denoniina- tions. In 1S45 is given another list of nu>nibers, all of whom are dead. 1 do not know the exact date of the 6o.'< — Joseph Kingsbury, Nathaniel Flower, Brooklyn : ls:]i — Joseph Kingsbury, Eben Shaw, Sheslie(iuin' ; 1840 — Jabez Fish, — Josepli Kings- bury, rieorge Kinney, Slieshe(|uin ; ls44 — Hiram Shaw, Obadiah (iore, Orwell; bs44 — ( i. W. Kinney, C. H. Ames, confcrc^nce, Sliesliei|uin ; l.s4o — .Joseph Kings- bury, Harry ( tore, ^^lnroetoll. At the annual meeting, lS4(i, the following named were elected : Trustees, Eb- enezer Shaw, Silas l' ( iore, Charles FL Ames, Obadiali (loie, Samuel B. Hoyt ; treasurer, .labc/, ImsIi ; clci4<. (le(ji'gc ^\'ayne Kinney: preacher. Brother Andrews; delegates to S|)ringtiel(l, Jabez Fish, Hoiace Kinney. Feb. 11, Fs4it, at a meeting of the society, on motion of O. H. P Kinney it was, "Itesolved, Tliat the Kev. Mr. (libson be re([uested to forward a copy of his s(M'mon de- livered at the Fni\'ersalist church this day, on the death of Jose]>h Kingsbury, to tlie editors of the Maun fur the next morn ing serviee. Xeed it be said that rich en.ioyment awaitetl me anions;' the excellent people of that beautiful \:ille> '.•' Grandfather Kinney, Joseph Kinj^sbury, and otliers of tlie worthy peopli^ of that da\ . have gone home — and the sweet singer who made tSheshequin wiilel\ renowned, is slee[)ing near her faMjrite I^le of Susquehanna! .\li me! how the stern reaper has been at work in that goodly land. Let me speak uf Miss Julia H. Kinney -and yet .so musieal ami thoughtful \M-re the words she uttered, livjiij^. and suffering, and dviiig. and so hallowed is lier memory, that I fear to trust nn^elf 2s4 tracised, wlien even one member of the society, George Kinney, had his oath challenged in a court of the coun- ty, because he did not believe that God had created millions of human souls for the express [)urpose of con- signing them to endless'torment as an awful example to the few elect, and to enhance their pleasure and happi- ness as they peered over the edge of the burning abyss and watched the writhing victims, and that the incense of the burning might be wafted as sweet perfume to their nostrils. Yea, it was amid opposition and oppression tliat the church seemed to flourish the best ; but let us hope that the times df depression have passed, and that the church and society of Sheshequin will now join the procession in the great onward movement, whicli now seems to have animated our churches all over the land. That such may be the case, is the earnest prayer of one whose earliest recollections are associated with that church and societv. with any record concerning her. Yet why should I hesitate to speak of her commanding yet modest presence — her large, dark, and mildly- searching eye — her thoughtful yet gladsome companionship — her true heart, and brilliant mind? These qualities are most gladly and sadly remembered by those to whom she was best known — gladly, because they were — sadly, because they are not. Twice I saw her afterwards — once in Norwich, Conn., in 1835, and once in Boston, at the U. 8. Convention of 1838. In 1850, I stood by her grave, and my tears were mingled with the gentle June rain that fell on the turf above her. Favorite and favored flr trees watched by her head, while silently pointing upwards — and the Susquehanna flowed by in its quiet beauty, a symbol of that spiritual influence of hers which shall flow on forever." ■isr, Christians — In ls:!t Rov. X(i(_'l Uuusn, a Christian minister, came to Hornbrook and preaelied i-egularly at tlie school liouse. He formiMl a class, among whom, were Mr. and Mrs. Joshua Horton, Jr., Daniel Brink and wife and several others. Tliey \vere known as '"Ronseites." Tile organization was never very strong and after Mr. House left in 'Jn)1U. the members drifted away from the place and U> other denominations. Methodists. — Among the early settlers of the cdunty, there were very few .Methodists; but this church ever alive t(i the spiritual necessities of men, and ready to stand on the \ery outposts of civilization, sent her minis- ters early into this field to do pioneer work for the church and for the Master. As early as 1792 John Hill stands connected with Tioga. Tioga was a mission field of in- definite extent, designed to einbrace the new settlements from Wyalusing north and west, wheiever they might be found nestleil in the dense anarre. In the autumn of 170:'. Mr. Colbert, in com]-)any witli Thornton Fleming, visited Tioga circuit again, held quarterly meeting in Siieshe- 2S0 quill, and then they continued their explorations up in- to the lake country into the state of New York. The year 1.807 was memorable on account of the visit of Bishop Asbury on the old Tioga circuit. In the months of June and July he made a tour through the country from the Hudson up the Mohawk, on to the lake coun- try, thence south down the Susquehanna. July 11, the party reached ^Ir. Light's, east of Athens. Here a camp- meeting was in progress. The bishop says : "I preached on the camp ground. It may be I spoke to 1,000 people." The next day was the Sabbath, and he says, "my congregation may have doubled in numbers todaj% and there were no troublesome drunkards. I ordained five worthy men local preachers, namely, Daniel Wilcox, John B. Hudson, Samuel Emmitt, John McKean and Nathaniel Lewis." On Tuesday the bishop preached and stayed all night at .Judge Gore's, and the next day l)assed on to Wyalusiiig. In 1799 John Leach and David Dunham were the preachers on the Tioga circuit, or the circuit which em- braced Sheshequin ; in 1803, Jame.s Herroii and Samuel Budd ; in 1807, Robert Burch and Benedict Burgess ; in isOK, John Kiraberlain and Mr. Best; in 1809-10, Lnring Grant and Palmer Roberts; in 1811, John Wil- son and Samuel Thomp.son ; in IS 12, Marmaduke Pearce and Abram Dawson; in 1S14, Kenaldo M. Everts; in lsl5, Elisha Bibbins ; in 1816-17, John Griffing ; in 1818, Elijah King and E. Bibbins; in 1819, E. Buttles and Jephthai Brainard (local); in 1820, Ebenezer Doo- ■is 7 little and II. C;. Wariici- ; in ls-ill-2l, Asa C'nmtninus and John Sa^-re (succeeded hy (iajdord Judd) ; in 1s'22, John Oriffing and James Hodges, Joseph Tovvner(exliorter): in 1S23, Nathaniel Chubbuck (exhorter) ; in l,S2r), Horace Agard and J. Pearsoll ; in 1826, John Griffing and David A. Hhepard ; in 1n2s, Charles Nash and John Savi'e ; in 182i), Charles Nash and Kbenezei- Coleson ; inLs:;i, Sophronius Stocking and M(]sos (Aishman ; in ls;]2, Josepli Towner and ('has. \V .Vdanis. Tiie foregoing with Rev. David Blacknian who lived at Ilornhrook and "preached to the people round about" comprise a prett\' full list of the pioneer preachers who labored among the Sheshei£uin people. About ls32 there was a division of the circuit and we are unable to find a list of those who preached in Sheshequin for some j'ears. However, it ap- jiears that Rev. Joseph Towner occupied this field for some time and is yet well ix-membered by many of the older residents. "The circumstances which led to the introduction nf Methodism in thenortlieastern partof this county was some- what peculiar. ( )rdinarly the preacher inti-oduccd him- self sending on his ap[)ointments and pioneering his way. Nathaniel Chubbuck emigi'ated to Orwell in 1S12, and as sdon as he had erected liis log house went to Slieshc- quin, where there was Methodist j)reaching, and secured an appointment to be made for his hnusi^ in Orwell. .Mr. Chubbuck at this time was not a pious man, but had ac- cepted the otter of a new saddle from his fatlier, on con- dition that he wraild have Methodist preaching in his 28S house. Mannaduke Pearcc was on tlie circuit, and preached the first Methodist sermon in this part of the county." At first the circuit preacher made the rounds once or twice a year. His visitations gradually increased until finally there was preaching in each neighborhood ever}'' two weeks. Meeting was held at the home of some pioneer or in the log school house. Wm. J. Lent, nearly H8 years of age, remembers listening to Rev. Dvaid Black- man, preaching to a congregation, assembled in .Joshua Shores' barn. Methodism, at first, seems to have made very slow progress in Sheshequin. We are unable to find the recoi'd of any class being formed here prior to 1851. The earliest members of this denomination were : .Joshua Ilorton and wife, Joshua Horton, Jr., Mrs. Joseph Lent and a few others. During the last half century, how- ever, there has been such an impetus to Methodism in this quarter as to have fairly absorbed all other denomi- nations. At the present time there are four Methodist Episeoi)al churelies in the town with a fifth organization whose members worship at LTlster. No other church in the town holds regular services. llie Ilonihrooh MetJiodist Kplscopal Clnircli. — A class was formed here in 1857 with Lewis B. Gillette leader, and the following members : Jemima Gillett, Wm. P. Horton, Catharine Chaffee, Richard T. Iforton, Rhoda Ilorton, Jemima Elliott, Weston C. Evans, Hannah iJortoli* Sophia Shaffer, Catharine Shaffer, Mary A. ■2,s;i ]'jvaiis, PeU'T llollenback, Nancy Hollenback and Abigail Hnllenback. louring the winter of lS(;.l-(i-2 a <;i'cat iv- vival, con(luct(>(l by Kc\-. Natlian P'elldus, was held al tlie scliool bouse and many conversions made. Tliis so strengthened tlie organization that steps were immediate- ly taken towards ihv erection dI' a church cilifice. A contract was entered into with Willard Crotsley, liuiider, wlio put up and completed the building during the sum- mer and fall of lN(i'2. The total ccist of the strnctui'e was alidut iJi.OftO which was raised by voluntary subscrip- tion. The church was dedicated Dec. 2, 1^(12, Nathan Fellows, pastor, K. II. ('ranmer, presiding elder. A charter of ini'orporation was granted, Sept. H, ]S(io. b\- the cunrt on petition of Charles C'hatt'ee. .losiali Kilmer, David Newell, W'm. B. Horton, .Jeremiah Kilmer. L. 11. Kilmer, B. L. Macafee, bewis B. (lillett, W'm. .Suydei', W'm. K. Hill, David Ihirton, Jr., .]. 11 ({illett, W'm. I' Horton, (I.W Blaekman, F. lilackman, Thos. W'eller, Knsley (dllett, liosseter (bllett, .b 1'. .Mc^biboii, F. Brigham, Orrin M..ore, .1. M. liundell, M. Ldvelaee, .b 1'" Blaekman, Peter Ilollenbaek, Harry Smith, Wilson D. Cillett, C,vn. L. Hor- ton, .Joshua Horton and Keuben ^'oung. The lii-st li'uslees as nameil in the (.'barter wei'e Charles C'halfee, -J. F Blaekman, \Vm. P. Horton, E. .1. Newell and .Tosiah Kilmer. The pastors of the church since \S')G have been : ls,')7, TiS, .Joseph \Miithum ; l^f>(), .]. W. Hewitt ; iSOl, '(i2, Nathan Fellows: iSC,:',, Elijah Wood ; bSiU, 'd.". F'rancis S. Chubbuck; FsCii;, .John T. Brownell ; 1S(',7, 290 J. M. Grimes; ISUS, '69, Wm. H. Gavit ; 1.S70, '71, J. 15. Santee; 1872, '73, G. L. Williams: 1S74, '75,, J. B. Davis; 1876, '77, '78, Silas Earner; 1879, 'SO, '81, S. F. Wright; 1SS2, H. G. Blair; 1883, '84, "SS, Luther Peck; 1886, '87, 'SS, S. B. Keeney ; 18SD, '90, '91, '92; P. M. Mott; LS93, '94, '95, X. W. Barnes; 1.S96, '97, 'ii8, il. 0. Beers; 1899, 1900, '01, '02, L. P. Howard (present pastor). The present class comprises a membership of 80. The organization maintains a large Sabbath school, and has all the churcl: auxiliaries. The edilice has been twice improved and repaired ; in 1H74 at an ex- pense of $1,100, and in 1901 at a cost of $900. The pleasant parsonage, built in 1894, of the charge, is lo- cated here. (Jlient Hfrlhdillst Kjiixciqial Clniri-Ji. — The pioneer Meth- dists in the (ihent locality wei'e Reuben Young and wife, Isaac S. Horton and wife. Burgess Barnum and wife, Darwin T. Gillett and wife and Dr. Wm. C. Hansom and wife. May 1(1, 1871, on petition of Benj. Smith, Guy Smith, G. W. Horton, Sapjuel Davidson, .Jr., D. M. Bid- lack, Martin T. Horton, John E. Horton, :\Iilo Merrill, Jr., Wm. A'ann, Pveuben Young and J. B, Santee, the court granted a charter of incorporation under the style and title of the "Ghent Methodist Episcopal C'liurch," and named in said charter Samuel Davidson, Jr., I. L, Young, A. Dingman, D. T. Gillett and Milo ATerrill, .Jr., as trustees, Samuel Davidson, Jr., treasurer and I. I^. Young, secretary. At tills date the congregation com- prised a class of 32 with Darwin T. (lillett, class leader. 2'.)1 During- LsTl u contract way enteral into willi Martin Tompkins, builder, for the erection of a church edifice. Land for the site was donntcd by Daiiit'l M. Bidlack and funds raised by voluntary subscription. The Iniilding was completed and dedicated in the fall of the same year. The present membership of Ibis organization is ^■SO, with a prosperous Sabbath school and the other help- ful church departments. '/'/((' XorlJi (ilu'ut MelJiijdixl Epixcojxil CJun'cli was or- tj;anizeil March 23, ISSO, with about 20 members, ,\bi'am Dinginan, class leader, Ilenry Menold and Amaziah Sheeler, stewards, S. F W'riglit, pastor and Y. ('. Smith, ])residing eider of the Owego district. In ISSO the hand- some and coiuraodious church edifice was erected ; and dedicated Thursday, Nov. 2.t of the .same year by Pre- siding Elder ^' (' Smith assisted by Revfi. S. F. Wright and L. P. Howard. The building complete cost a little iieil. In 1.S40 extensive lumbering operations were begun at East rjlieiit. Three Englisbnien — Smart, I'^owlerand Marshall, doing business under the name of T. <' Smari i.\; Co., purchased a lai-g(' tract of valuable tiinbei-, put up (on the ]ilaee of Eugene Bailej') a steam saw-mill with four up-and-down saws and constructed a railroad, for conveying their ])roduct by horse-cars, to the river. (Iperations were contiimcd three or four years, when the three foxy iMiglishnien suddenly disa|)peai'e knives and forks, pair stockings, silk bandanna, coffee, silk thread, chocolate, quire paper, pasteboard, indigo and sundries. Credit by rye, flax, wheat, corn, work, voyage to Wyoming in boat, cash and discount with different persons. Wlllinm FfYfuixDii — Account from March 2.S, 1792, to Sept. '2G, 1807.' Charges : Whisky, kettle, shot, G flints, powder, tea, calico, salt, knife, pair sleeve button.s, tea, pepper, allspice, cream jug, cambric, thread and sundries. Credit by cow and note. hanc Horton — Account from April 24, 1794, to Jan. 2.5, 179G. Charges : Tea, pepper, indigo, pocket-knife, whisky, thread, buttons, J paper pins, cotton and sun- dries. Credit by rye, 170 pounds pork, cash and note. Ahd Ncwdl—Xccowni from March 1, 1792, to Sept. 29, 1 797. Charges : Considerable whisky, pair smoothing irons, salt, pair shoe buckles, check linen, tape, silk thread, needles, indigo and sundries. Credit by cooper work, 14 hogsheads, kegs and fat tub, black pig, rye, casli and exchange of cattle. Ellplialet Guntiit — Account from March 2, 1792, to June 12, ISO.'). Charges: Whisky, wheat, potatoes, conk-shell, salt, grindstone, razor, 3 knives and forks, thread, snuff, needles, chocolate, saddle and sole leather. Credit by making shoes for Rachel, Jane, Betsy Durkee, Sally, Avery, George, Polly, William Avery and Cul- bertson, large corn basket, 2 cheese baskets, 2 corn bask- ets, flax, buckwheat, hops, rye, shoes for Jennie Frazier and possession of island. Pi^lrr Snyder — Account from March 12, 1792, to .huie 25,179."). Charges: ^^4lisky, surveying and arbitration with Brown, casli, flannel cloth, lead, cotton bandanna, indigo, silk thread and sundries. Credit by rye, l)ee skins and cash. 30--! Irliahod Blachnan — Account from April 23, 1792, to March 20, 1797. Charges : Whiskey, iron kettle, calico and paper, shawl, pepper, indigo, chocolate, salt, tea, skein of silk, tape, tobacco, \ set teacups, check linen, velvet, cloth, nutmeg, cloves and sundries. Credit by rye, hops, wheat, corn, sugar, pair boots, 6 pairs shoes, earthen crock and cash. Moses Park — Account from June 0, 1792, lo March 3, 1796. Charges: Seven different times for powder, shot and buckshot; whisky, 37 yards linen, silk thread and sundries. Credit by discount with B. Green and John Spalding. Benjamin Brink — Account from Sept. 15, 1792, to .Jan. 17, 1797. Charges: Writing deed 9d, grass scythe, cal- ico, thimble, testament, pepper, almanac, whisky, copper- as, linen cloth and thread, powder, blue cloth, knife, pa- per pins, scissors, indigo, black gauze, skein of silk and sundries. Credit by rye, wheat, sugar and cash. William S]>alding — Account from March 7, 1792, to Feb. 2, 1798. Charges: Considerable whisky, sugar, tea, raisins, chintz and corduroy, paper pins, IJ quires paper, blue cloth, changeable handkerchief, brown linen, baize, thread, 2 yards ferret and sundries. Credit l)y rye, oats and schooling. Elijah Horton, Jr. — Account from Sept. 15, 1792, to Oct. 4, 1796. Ciiarges : Writing deed, whisky, tea, pow- der, indigo, pepper, cotton, bandanna, chocolate, lard, copperas, calico, thread, buttons, tobacco, Feb. 4, 1796, 2 qts. whisky by (lilbert for wedding, jacket pattern and sundries. Credit by making shoes for Lucy, rye, 2 pairs men shoes, pair woman's shoes and 3000 shingles. Josiah Marshall — Account from Sept. 10, 1792, to March 10, 1796. Charges : Tallow, barrel, s flints, shot, pepper box, grass scytiie, pepper, cloth, quire paper, shovel, teu, whisky, cuKin,!^- knife, green shag and lawn. Credit b}^ r_ve, flax, oats, cash and powder. FJx'iirzcr Shdir — Account I'roni Aug. 14, 1794, t(j Jan. 30, IT'.K). Charge.^; ; Nail of eambrick, silk twist, whis- k}- and sundries. Credit by flax and discount with dif- ferent parties. (^^}li. Daniel (Ion- — Account from |)fi-. 11, 1 7n'2, to July 4, Isfjlj. Charges; Pair of oxen, knee-buckle, oats, whisky ancl cash, (.'redit by wheat, corn, steer, pork, slioes, pair bellows and notes from different parties. (^lp^. John Fuller — Account from Dec. 17, 1792, to Feb 2, 179G. Charges; Auger, 4 flints, considerable whisky, iron shovel, i)air cords, tea, indigo, scythe, Han- nel, needles, cloth, salt, tape, binding and silk twist, (.'redit Ijy mending cart wdieel, bringing salt, making o yokes, plow, rye, oats, geese, 41t) 7 o/.s. butter and cash. .John Xnvi'll, Jr. — Account from July 4, 179:-!, to July 30, 179(1. Charges: Smoothing iron, whi.sky, 18 flints, 2 lbs. lead, razor, knife, brown linen, -skein silk and cloth, ('redit l>y :'. otter skins, 2 marten skins, 2 musk- rat skins and cash. .hmaJi Tiiillr — Account from Aug. 21, 179 1, to IVb. 1,' 1790. Charges; Powder, pair spurs, pair shoes, blue eloth, allspice, coating, yellow flannel, silk twist, cords, tea, pe}>pev, sugar, penknife, whisky, raisins and sash ribbon. Credit Ijy getting wood and cash. Tiriiiithii Culver — Account from April 2'.», 1 795, to i)cc. 10, l79r(. Charges; Set of knives and forks, sleeve but- tons, knife, wdiisky and sundries. Credit by cash. Jofteph Snliahirnj — Account from June 22, 179-1, to July 20, 179"). Cliarges : Pair shoe buckles, whisky, velvet, sboe binding, tea, indigo, ([uire paper, cloth, silk twist and sundries. Credit by rye, making shoes, hides and cash. 3(VI James Brink — Account from Sept. 19, 1795, to March 27,1800. Charges: Tobacco, tea, salt, pair spectacles, whisky and cash. Credit by cash and taking up a boat. Hxigli Rippetli — xlccount from Sept. 5, 1794, to Aug; 4, 1798. Charges : Chocolate, knife, tea, tobacco, mus- lin, thread, whisky, blank deed and sundries. Credit by cash. Josiali Xewdl — Account from .June 27, 1793, to .June 16, 1799. Charges ; Whisky, calico, ginger, salt, coi'ds, 1|- yards corduroy. Credit by sugar, rye, cash and young cow. HdTKLS. Houses of public entertainment were earlj' established in what is now Bradford county, and tliough log build- ings as they were, with limited accommodations, to the weary traveler cvn his long journeys, they were a haven of comfort and refreshment. These old time inns were the gathering points of the settlers — for social, political and other purposes. The occasional traveler was always received with great interest. lie brought the news from the outside world, yet was looked upon with more or less suspicion until his business might be learned, for in those days the settlers were at war with the land agents. Many pleasant memories and incidents are associated with these old hostelries. As shown by the records of I.iu- zerne county Obadiah Gore was licensed a "taverner" for Sheshequin in 1789, Avery Gore in 1798, .John Spalding in 1799 and Richard Horton in 1808. After the organi- zation of Bradford county tavern licenses were granted as follovvs : Iticliard llortoii, ls]4lo]s20; \Vm. Snyder, 1815 to 1.S2.S ; Ebenezer Shaw, ISIT to 1.S3-2 ; Daniel Brink, 1S33 to 1«45 ; Nathaniel Moody, 1,S:37 to 184(i ; Wm. Snyder, Jr., LS46 ; Daniel Brink, Jr., 1.S46 to 1850 : Geo. Vincent, 1848; Wm. J. Lent, ls49 to lS5n. DIS'J'ILLKKIICS. Soon after coming to Sheshequin, ahont 17.S(J or 'ST, Judge Gore put u[) the first distillery in the county. His wliisky became famous and had a very extensive sale. The plant, which was kept in constant operation for nearly 40 years, stood back of the (tore residence at the foot of the hill on the north sidr of the creek. Other distilleries that were in operation in 1812 were those of Peter Snyder, Matthew Rogers and Cahdn Carner. At a later date Benjamin Newell had a distillery on the H. II. Johnson place and Steplien Newell one on the Vox farm at Hornbrook. John Randall also had a distillerv on the run above Ayer's gi'ist-mill and ('a])t. .lames Smith another in the hollow below his residence. l-ANXiailKS. I'etcr Snyder cstablislied a tannery on the lOlisha Forbes jilace about the year 18IH). He did a thrifty business. All the hides were taken to Snyder's and tanned, then each farmer took his side of leather and had it made up into boots and shoes for the family. Mr. Snyder also manufactured harnesses and .saddles. He was succeeded bv his son. ^\'illiam, who moved the busi- SOfi ness to tlie farm now owned and occupied by William Snyder, 2nd. In 1X4^-46 George Jeffers built a small tannery at Hornbrook wbere Moses Vancise now lives. Before the plant was completed Jeffers died and the build- ing was used for other purposes. >rAiL >r.\TTEi;s. In ISOO a mail route was established between Wilkes- Barre and Painted Post, with offices at Wyalusing and Athens in this county. "In 1803 Charles Mowery and Cyril Peck carried the mail from Wilkes-Barre to Tioga on foot once in two weeks." In 1804 postoffices were established at Wysox and Shesliequin, with Burr Ridg- way postmaster at the former place and .Vvery Gore at the latter. "In ISlO Conrad Teetor contracted with the Government to carry the mail once a week in stages from Sunbury to Painted Post bj the way of Wilkes-Barre, Wyalusing, Sheshequin and Athens." However, ho did not always drive his "coach and four," as he was accus- tomed to call his team, going on horseback or with a one- horse wagon when the mail was small or the passengers few. In those days the postage was paid by the one re- ceiving the letter or })arcel. By Act of Congress, Feb. 1 , 1816, the following rates of postage were established : Single letters, (single letters were those that contained one piece of paper ; double letters, two pieces ; triple letters, three pieces, etc.) any distance not exceeding 40 miles, 8 cents ; over 40 miles not exceeding 90, 10 cents ; over 90 not exceeding 150, 12.! cents ; over 150 not exceeding .•;07 ."'00, 1 7 cents ; over :>00 not exceeding 500, 20 cents ; over 500, 25 cents. Tlie same can now be carried to anv part of the United States for 2 cents. Double and trii)le letters were double and triple tlio above rates. Avery (jore continued postmaster at Sheshequin for many vears. In the early '30's the Hornbrook postoffice was establish- ed with Dr. William S. Way postmaster. The Ghent postoftice was established in IS-fs, with K. N. Horton first postmaster. Jeremiah Kilmer served as postmaster at Black, during the existence of this office^from April 25, ISTS, to May 1, 1901. The offices at Black, Ghent and Hornbrook were discontinued May 1, 1901, upon the inauguration of the rural free delivery service, which provides a daily mail from Towanda as a distributing point. Offices remaining are Sheshequin, Glosser and Trinket. CHAPTER IX. VARIOUS TOPICS. Frxxtns. 'THE Sheshequin A^allej' has several times been visited ^ by great inundations. The fii'st of these of which we have any record is mentioned by Sherman Day : "In 1771 there was an immense flood in the Susquehanna, and all the inhabitants (the Moravians and Indians) at Sheshequin were obliged to save themselves in boats and retire to the woods where they were detained four days." In the spring of 17.S4 occurred the notable "ice flood." The damage was particularly severe in the, Wyoming ^'^alley. Colonel Franklin says : "The breaking up of the Susquehanna river on the ISth of March, 17.S4, greatly distressed the inhabitants, who had been obliged during the time of war to remove and build their houses on the lowlands near the banks of the river. The un- common I'ain and large quantities of snow on the mount- ains, together with the amazing (jiiaiitity of ire in tlie river, occasioneil liy the uncommon inclemencv of llie winter season, swelled the stieams to an unusual luMglit — ten, anil manj' place twenty teet higher then it had ever been known since the settlement of the connti\' ' P]arly in (Jctoher, 17NG, Avhen the crops of corn and pumpkins were still on the ground, continuous mins ])r()- duced a fri-'shet which had seldom been eijualled. Crop-' were swept away and the liosinn of the river was covered with floating pumpkins. The loss was severely felt and many cattle died the succeeding winter for want of sus- tenance. For years this freshet was designated liv the cijd inhabitants as the "Pumpkiu I'dood." Another gi'eat inundation occurred in the valley of Sheshequin in July, ISO'.J, doing at that si-asi.m of the year, great damage to growing crops. In ]84'2, Feb, 4 and March T), the river again arose to a great height. The freshet of iMarch 17, ISCio, known as "St, Patrick's Day Flood," was the great- est, up to that time, known to the [leople along the Sns- <|uehanna. Tn the month of February an unusually deep snow had fallen, and as the weather continued cold foi' four or five weeks, other snows accumulated on the toji of it. In the early jiartof March the weatlier bix-UDe suddenly warm, tlie wind blew from the south, witli fre- ejuent showers of rain and the snow melted with surpris- ing I'apidit}'. As the ground was frozen, the water all ran into the streams. Fortunately, the ice had broken up ami gone down the ri\'er a few days hetbre. Every- body along the river expected a Hood, but when the 310 water was at a height as great as ever had been known before and was still rising, great anxiety began to be manifested. Steadily at the rate of about four inches per hour, the water continued to rise until it reached a point, varjnng with the width of the river, from six to eight feet higher than ever known. Great damage was done — fences, houses, barns, cattle, horses, stacks of hay and grain, and piles of lumber were swept down the stream in a confused mass. The next great flood was on the 1st of June, 1889, which was surpassed by the freshet of March 1 and 2, 1902. SHAD-FISHING. One of the main dependencies of the early settlers was the innumerable quantities of shad, which in their season were found in the Susquehanna, being of a superior quality and flavor. As soon as the ice went out of the river the shad started on their journey to the fresh water creeks, for the purpose of spawning, returning to the sea late in the season. They came in very large schools, and from time immemorial the natives of the forest had been in the habit of taking them in large quantities with their bush-nets. In taking these fish the settlers would select a cove on the point of an island free from rocks and large stones as "the drawing place" for their seine. There was good "pulling ground" at different points in the vicinity of Sheshequin. Sometimes 500 shad were taken at a haul. Judge Gore "salted down" a sufficient supply of these fish, which he .sold to the settlers.- The (lams, wliich were subsequently tlnowu aci-uss the Sus- quehanna, have prevented the shad froiri ascending- the river, thus depriving the people of a great luxury. mem(m:aj5Le ()(_x'[;kkkn(;J':s. The memorable "Dark Day," or Total Eclipse of 1806 is tlius recorded by Mrs. Perkins : "We remember while in Sheshequin, seeing the total eclipse of ISOU, when the chickens went to roost, the cows went lowing home and the teacher and scholars ran home in dismay.'' I.SK! was "The Year Without a Summer," for in every month there was a sharp frost. January \vas mild, as was February with the exception of a few days. The greater part of March was cold and boisterous, April opened warm, but grew colder as it advanced, ending with snow and ice and winter cold. In May ice formed half an inch thick, buds and Howers were frozen and corn killed. Frost, ice and snow were common in June. Almost every green thing was killed and the fruit was nearly all destroyed. July was accompanied with frost and ice.. In August ice formed half an inch thick. A cold northwest wind prevailed all summer. Corn was so frozen that a great deal was cut down and dried for fod- der. The first two weeks in September were mild and the balance of the month cold with frost, ice forming to the thickness of half an inch. October was more than usually cold with frost and ice. November was cold and blustering with snow enough for good sleighing. December was quite mild and comfortable. Thedestruc- ■.]]-2 tion of crops was so general that a famine almost result- ed. Early settlers referred to this unfruitful year as "eighteen hundred and starve to death." A grand celes- tial phenomenon or Meteoric Shower, was exhibited in the heavens on the morning of Nov. 13, 1833. This beautiful and wonderful exhibition of "falling stars" was seen and is remembered by some of the oldest inhab- itants. OLli TK.ilMNU LiA^S. A law was early passed, providing for the organization of the State Militia. An enrollment uf each town or dis- trict was made and every able bodied man between the ages of 21 and 45 years was required to join a company and present himself on training days for drill. He was to become familiar with military tactics, so in case of war, the State could readily equip and put into the field an army of trained soldiers. The trainings were affairs of much interest. Officers appeared in their insignia of rank while the privates were dressed in their usual home- spun garments and went through the manual of arms with guns or sticks. Marching was done to the music of the fife and drum. Patriotic airs, and liquor furnished on these occasions, created sufficient animation for a "warm time" and pugilistic exercises were frequentlv en- gaged in. There wei'e usually two drills each year — company and regimental or battalion. The original Sheshequin company was formed in 178S with .John Spalding captain and Samuel Gore lieutenant. Two of tlie old militia eaptain.s, Wm. J. I^eiil and Ahrahaui Gore, aw still living. .John Spalding- and l^'ranklin Blackmail were promoted tn battalion commandei-;. HUXTEES, IK X'llXO AXIi SllOdl'lXi; .MATCHI'JS. The earl}- settlers, especially- those back on the hills, were recjuired to keep guns to protect their slock against the ravages of panthers, wolves and beai-s. None of the Sheshequin settlers made hnnting a bnsiiiess, only as necessity required and as a matter of diversion. Deer were [)lenliful and easy victims to anybody who had a gun. Archibald Korbes, .fohn Brink, Charles Furbes, (ieorge Merrill, Isaac S. Horton and Forbes Low were among those who enjoyed "the chase" and the crack huntsmen for deer and foxes. The usual modeof taking deer was by chasing them with dogs from the hills to the river where they were easily dispatched by ex- perienced riflemen. Brink was a dead-shot and mar- vellously successl'ul. Charles Forbes on two oc-casions killed two deer at a single shot. Low, who was the last of these old time hunters, killed more than TOO deer, and 40 foxes in one fall alone. U'hen only smaller game was left Hunting Matches came in vogue. There were several forms of these. Some occupied only a few- hours while others continued a week or more and some- times the match would be for the best results during an entire season. A match often meant a contest between two sportsmen for half a day. In such a case the con- testants usually took opposite directions in their quest for 314 game, lueeting at a given place and time. He who liad the smaller amount of game either gave it to the winner or paid for a treat or supper. The hunting match affording the greatest satisfaction occupied about three davs and ha[' llie jiintrs in tlie livsl casetiieil in Bradford Cdunty— tlie Cnmiiidnwralth vs. Jdliu Head — Jan. '20, l.Sl:',, I)aiiicl [5rink was alsn une of tbe jurors at the fiist term of court in tlie ((junty. Drowning aeeidcnts and suicides have from lime to time been mattei's of deep sorrow, but the saddest fatality of all, was the burning of the house of Cornelius Hurley at Ea^t Ghent in the Spring of lS5n in ^^dlich he, his wife and a child lost their lives. Of the original families the Hortons ha\-e ever been the most prolific. At an election held in Shesheijuin about l.S7n, tiiere were 4 'J of the name who vnteil. In making the enumeration of Shcf liequin in LSNO (i. L. Fuller found the oldest and youngest person in the same family. They were Col. Franklin Blackman and a great-grandson, a child of Harry Blackman. CHAPTER X. MORTUARY RECORD. '~\' HE following record of deaths of Sheshequin pioneers ^ and their fannilies is taken from the headstones marking their final resting places. are not included in this list : SHESHEQUIN CEMETERY DIED. NAME. May 15, 1800 Jedediah Shaw May 26, 1800 George Spalding ,Tune 12, 1803 Harriet Park Oct. 1, 1806 Ruth, consort of Gen. Simon Spalding July 1, 1810 Samuel Bartlett March 19, 1811 Abigail, wife of Capt. Jeremiah Shaw May 21, 1812 Aeon Boyce May 24, 1813 Capt. Stephen Puller Jan. 2i, 1814 Gen. Simon Spalding April 16, 1814 Capt. Jabez Fish May 29, 1815 Capt. Jeremiah Shaw March 8,1817 Moses Park, Jr. May 30, 1817 Rev. Moses Park July 14,1817 Elijah Brink Feb. 4, 1818 James Bidlack Feb. 1, 1821 Timothy Bartlett Julv 21, 1821 Henry Boyce Jan. 14, 1822 Peter Snvder Unmarked graves AGE-yrs mos ds 37 18 6 65th 64 64 10 82 72 - 8 67th 85 13 51 22 3 11 31 54 77 9 12 Afr!! 27. iH'ii Saljy Ann, wife (jf Earl Mustm .'iH :> 27 ( )et. IS, 1827 Xanc'^ , daughter of R. & Tj. Clark 2.', I''rl). 19, 1H2S ("ill. John S|>al(iinK r,4tli April ;!l), 1«28 .James liidhicl< 19 7 S .VJiiy :i. 1829 Polly M. Harris, wife of H. I'. Sii>der 2B H 21 • Ian. :!1, 18;S() Elizalicth, wife of lieiij. Brink nr, 6 2 .lune 17,183(1 IMarfjaret Hicks :n 11 Dec. 28, 18;i() Ucn.). Brink, .Jr :!7 7 Hi Oct. 20,1831 Mary Ann Spaldinu- 19 June 2, 1832 Matthew Rogers S7 Aj.ril 8.1833 Wealthy Ann, wife of Luther (Vnncr .33 May 2. 1831 Samuel Gore 73 May 15, 1835 Almy L., daughter of S. A H. Marshall 14 11 15 Xo\ . 12, 18,36 .John Moore, Jr. 27 1 19 Aug. 28.18.37 Dr. Amos P. Park .52 4 14 April 24. 1838 Charles Noi'thrui. .32 July 11, 1838 Dorliska, daugliter of S. & H. Marshall 20 2t) July .30, 18.38 M. TayUn' Baxter 43rd Man^h 1. ls;!9 Hiram C. Lent 2(; 3 June 9, 18.39 Oliver Brown 78 .7 H Jan. 9, 1840 Samuel Marshall 48 7 June 9, 1840 Sarah, wife of Joseph Kinney 76 11 9 Aug. 8, 1840 David C. Hulse 32 9 1 Sept. 5,1840 Abraham B. Gore 48 Se|it. 29, 1840 Warren Gillett 57tli Get. 23. 1840 Rebecca Gillett 82nd .April .3, 1841 Harriett N.. wife of Richard Holmes .32 June 3,1841 Joseph Kinney ■'<6lli Ma,\ 2,1842 Mary S., consort of Rev. Moses Park 6(i .Tune 2, 1S42 Jared Norton ^■'' *'< Sept. .30.1842 Nehemiah Northruii 81 Dec. 21. 1842 Samuel Hoyt 'i'3 b>l). 20, 1843 Mary, wife of (i. S. Ames 29 .\pril 4,1844 Susan, wife of Cajit. Jabez Fisli s.!r.l .May 19.1844 Sarah, wife of Nehemiah Northru]. July 12. 1844 Lucy M.. daughter of Geo. Kinney July 30, 1844 William Northrup June (i. 1845 WDham Bartran '^~ ^ '^* 65 17 28 i; ■JO Se|>t. 4, 18Jo Perley Kinney Oct. 16, 1845 Maj. William W. Spalding Nov. 17, 1845 Sarah, wife of Samuel Gore Dec. 31, 1845 Benjamin Brink Jan. 22, 1846 Caroline JIarsliall March 28, 1846 Eliza, wife of F. G. VanNorstran April 16, 1846 Elsia M. Smith Aug. 28, 1846 Delila, daughter of S. & H. Marshall Nov. 7, 1840 Arlette, wife of Dr. Amos Park March 28, 1847 John, son of N. & Sally Moody May 3, 1847 Harriet, wife of Caleb Wright June 7, 1847 Mary, wife of Peter Snyder July 6, 1847 Maria, wife of Jesse Brown Deo. 30, 1847 Chloe, wife of John C^handler Jan. 22, 1849 Col. .Joseph Kingsbury April 10, 1849 Esther, wife of Oliver Brown Aug. 9, 1849 Mary, wife of Samuel Hoyt Oct. .30, 1849 John C. Vancise Aug, 31, 1850 Angenora Griffin June 9, 1851 Sibyl Marshall Jan. 26, 1852 Wallace G. Marshall Nov. 5, 1852 Shubal Wells Dec. 16, 1852 Sarah, wife of Perley Kinney Jan. 29, 1853 Nathaniel Moody April 22, 1853 Emma, daughter of Eev. G. 8. Ames Aug. 5, 1853 Elizabeth, wife of James Batran Sept. 25, 1853 Mary, wife of Nathan Ames Oct. 6, 1853 Col. Robert Spalding Nov. 16, 1853 Sally Ann, wife of William Tripp Jan. 2,1854 Wealthy Ann, wife of Col. Jno. Spalding April 28,1855 Jabez Pish Aug. 4. 1855 Martha, wife ot Warren Gillett Aug. \ 1855 Mary Ann, wife of Joseph Lent March 14, 1856 Sarah, dau. of .Jos. and Sarah Kinnev Aug. 16,1856 Stephen Follan July 19, 1857 Elijah Luckey July 29,1857 Lydia, wife of Matthew Rogers A ug, 2. 1857 Samuel Griffin 43 77 11 81 7 7 82 14 1 7 22 9 20 18 22n. a 36th L 20 11 8 31st 93 10 28 49 3 13 74 1 15 74 8 3 86 5 25 70 5 93 34 5 13 21 1 27 16 9 27 56 — 5 52 7 18 52 10 25 16th 66 9 5 78 63 3 5 43 1 1 87th 23 74 5 13 69 7 5 64 66 3 12 77 1 17 85 35 6 21 Alvj;. lii, \H7,1 Dec. 11, 1857 Dec. 19, lH.-i7 Jan. 2r,, 185K July •22, 1858 Dec. 4, 1858 June 29, 18.59 Jan. 6, 18H() Sept. IB. 186(J Oct. 12, 1860 Feb. 20. 1861 Jan. 18, 1862 Marct L 22, 1862 April 29, 1862 Feb. 1, 186:! Auf.'. 28. 1863 Sept. 20. 186.3 Dec. .30, 1863 Sept. 18, 1864 Xu\-. 13, 1864 May 31, 1865 April 14, 1865 May 6. 1866 July 4, 1867 Nov. 17, 1867 April 10, 1868 April 24, 1868 May 21. 1868 Auk. 28, 18(;,S Sept. 3( 1, 1868 - - 1868 March 3, 1869 March 5. 1869 Sept. 17, 1869 No^•. 19. 1870 Feb. 20, 1871 March s. 1871 Nelly v., wite of Hiram Men ill B. F. Watkins Silas P. (Joiv Eve, wite of John Snyder A\cry G. Kinney .Jane, wite of Orin Lamareaiix Anna, wife of Daniel Mallory C'aty, wife of .John Chandler Mary, wite of .\bram Luekey William Snyder Matilda, wife of Guy Kinne> Miles F. Kinney Reuben (iriffin George Kinney Ellen H.. daughter of (iuy Kinney Esther, wife of .James Bidlack Judith, wife of Elias Minier Mary, wife of George Kinney Anna, wife of Col. Joseph Kingsbury Rev. Schuyler .J. Giljson Elias Minier Anson Bidlack Mary, wife of Elijah Luckoy Maj, Horace Kinney Phebe M., daughter of .Joseph Kinne_\ Cynthia, wife of Ebenezer Shaw Thomas Vann Nancy Snyder Harriet N.. wife of William J. Lent Sarah A., wife of Francis S. A,\er Lucy, wife of Thomas Marshall Joseph Lent Ruth .\., wife of George W. Fish Aureha, wife of Col. Robert Spalding Zebulon B. Spalding Morgan »i. Thompson Chester S. Merrill .j.S 4 5 .").■'. 11 43 21 ; 10 3 :!4th 82 5 IS 69 6 2<) 1 3 77 M 22 (ils t so i 19 74 29 1 76 .3 12 67 3 3 7() 9 14 85 5 47 10 18 78 4 19 60 11 ■'-> 54 5 I 60 85 2.3 (W 1 10 75 10 •>') 49 10 19 ds 40 42 10 1 10 33 6 5 4 6 81 10 7 78 80 s 5 34 2 21 88 56 74 33 63 .38 6 14 27 8 17 67 3 13 63 1 78 75 27 16 3 20 47 1 18 22 16 11 53 8 17 04 o 15 A|)ril li, ix-i:; l)i.'. 2:i. 1^43 Jan. 1, 1h41 March 15, l«-t4 Marcl: L .'i, 1"!.") Juno 7, 184.-) Jmic 22, 184.-, Sept. 1.'!. IS-t.-) April 20, 184(; Xov. 26, 1,S4(; Sept. 2.1, 1S47 Dec, 11, 1848 Se[it. 18, 1849 Oct. 19, l.S4!l June 7, lS-,() June 5, 1851 June 19, 1S51 Jan. 20. 1R52 April 19. 1H.5;! July 12, 1S.5:! Sept. 3, 18.5.3 Oi't. 18. l,s.53 Xov. 2, lS.5:i Jan. 10, 1H55 Feb. 15. 1856 July 31, 18.56 Aut;: 5, lH5(i Sept. 27, 1856 Nov. 14. 1856 Pel>. 7. 1S57 Nov. 23, 1858 Xov. 16, 18.59 June 1, 1860 Oct. 15, 186(1 K.-l). 1, 1861 Sept, 6, 1861 March 1, 18(>2 Bcnjauiin Biink ,Jessc Smith .John, son of Sulli\ an Clialfec .Jane, wile of .Ji'ssc Smith Aljiiiail. 2nil wife of Elijah Horton Kelscis Heatli .Jay, hon of .John .M. Smith Sullivan ( 'haffec Lucinda, wife of .Joshua Hurton Frederick Finney Flnier Shores Katharine, wife of Marvin Lovelace Harriet, wife of Eleazer Horton Christina, wife of Abraham Pretts Melinda, 1st wife of William B. Horton Abraham Fretts Laura, wife ot Isaac Horton Sidney, son of Sullivan C'haft'ee .John C Forbes .Juliette, daughter of Sullivan Chaffee Salonia, wife of C^corye Kilmei- Elizaln-th. wife of James Shores .Joseph B., son of David Horton Archibald, son of A. A- Hester l^orbi-s George In^'Tson Edmund Hill Daniel B. Culver Josephine, wife of Daniel B. Culver Anthony Middaugh Mrs. Fanny Mahler William Horton Emma E., wife of J. .X. Dunlunu Richard C. Horton James B. DeMoney Catharine G., wife of Sullivan CliallVi' Isaac Horton Xancv. wife of Peter Hollenback 27 11 i t 2!) 1 „- J 15 1 t 64 11 •_, 64 i) is 18 10 Cil) 9 2 5S - IS 29 2 17 25 10 1 •) .50 10 9 :» 8 1.) 5I-; 9 18 54 20 4 1* 93 6 23 11 2 S5 7.3 6 9 17 -, 15 '2 43 11 25 58 4 20 49 .3 16 47 5 21 70 10 12 57 ii'l 1 li"' .30 s 4 44 2 IS 6 (i m 1 IS S'.l J 17 70 1 :!2(; April 10,1863 J. (^eor^e Miihler July 7, 1863 Marguerite, wife of Franc-is J. Pesse Oct. 7, 1863 Mary E., wife of Joseph R. Horton Oct. 27, 1863 Elizabeth, wife of Elijah Horton July 14, 1864 John M. Smith Deo. 12, 1864 Sibyl, wife of Col. P. Blackman Jan. .31, 1865 Lovina, wife of Patrick Dun Feb. 19,186.5 .Joshn a Horton Jan. 8, 1866 Betsey, wife of Alanson Lo\elace March 20, 1867 Daniel J. Horton April 2, 1867 Caleb Ingerson Aug. 20, 1867 William B. Horton Feb. 2.3, 1869 Ada M., wife of G. W. Blackman April 17, 1869 Christinna, wife of Jeremiah Kilmer Sept. 24, 1870 Isaac Elliott May 3, 1871 Lucinda, wife of George Ingerson Feb. 22, 1872 Christina, wife of Benjamin Childs Feb. 27, 1872 A bram Earner March 7, 1872 Rachel, wife of John M. Smith Nov. 26, 1872 Alanson Lovelace Dec. 28, 1872 Lucinda, 1st wife of Guy Smith Feb, 24, 1873 J. R. Horton March 18, 1873 Adelaide Pesse, wife of Andre Delpuech June 4, 1873 Sylvie, wife of George Frink Jan. 28, 1875 Hannah, wife of David Horton June 22.1875 David Horton Dec. 29,1875 AbramPatter.son May 15, 1877 Lucinda, wife of J. B. Smitli Aug. 31, 1877 Stephen Shores Oct. 11, 1877 Eve Ann, wife of 8. H. Shores Jan. 5, 1878 Jerusha C, wife of Willard Crotsley March 15, 1878 Matilda, wife of George Smith Oct. 23, 1878 Sarah, wife of Edmund Hill Nov. 25, 1878 Elizabeth, wife of Marvin Lovelace May 25, 1879 Mary G., wife of I. L. Young March 24, 1880 Esther, wife of William Horton Aug. 14, 1880 Col. Franklin Blackman jU 9 •Zii 83 37 - 26 64 2 22 75 6 20 7(; 2 6 42 1 10 90 3 22 67 13 48 8 2 55 5 4 59 10 29 34 73 50 10 43 8 28 68 65 4 5 80 11 16 74 5;i 2 1 52 5 19 70 5 6 32 5 4 SO 11 23 86 8 70 10 20 62 1 76 6 17 59 3 13 07 3 28 57 5 28 79 9 1 ,50 7 25 40 6 5 91 2 5 92 10 10 Sept. 211. ISSO Xov. 21, 1880 Sr|>t 21, 1«S1 Man-] li 22, 1S82 Dec. 0, 1SS2 April .30, ] 883 June 1, 18S:i 1 )ec. 12. 188.S Xov. 19, 1881 Feb. 11. 188.-, Feb. 27, 1885 March :>'2, 1885 July 1.3, 188.-> .Tulv 2!l, 1885 Aus. 17, 1885 i 72 8 IS 7H n -J 22 H) fi 14 80 (j 27 81 11 )4 70 7 11 81 .3 21 71 11) 19 5.' > 11 '2') 'i^ s 21 5s 10 -I ^s Jane 3, 1896 Mary, wife of Horace Hoi-ton Sept. 3, 1896 William J. Delpueoh Feb. 5, 1897 Elisha J. Newell • March 10, 1897 Catherine, wife of Stephen Newell Sept. 9, 1897 Ensley Qillett Dec. 6, 1898 .James Sherwood March 11, 1900 Adaline, wife of Charles Chaffee Aug. 9, 1901 George Smith Sept. 26, 1901 Hannah, wife of Dr. C. D. H. Cole Nov. 17, 1901 George Chaffee April 11, 1902 Rhoda, wife of Daniel J. Hortoii The earliest marked grave is tliat of Mrs. Hortou, who died Feb 11, 1804. Ichabod Blacliman, drowned iu April, 1798, it is claimed, was buried in this cemetery. Of persons resting here, Mrs. Catharine New- ell was the oldest, 94 years ; 28 were over BO ; 33 over 70 ; 21 over SO, and over 90 years at time of death. (il 3 11 71 10 21 6S - 9 94 83 2 1 s7 3 9 7.'i 11 21 S3 6 U 66 8 10 83 6 78 11 22 "Mill v" (i()i;E ce.milI'i^kv. DIBD. .NAME. \GE- Aug. 14, 1804 Hannah Park, mother of Judge (lore March 23. 1813 Sally, wife of Isaac Cash April 12, 1813 Isaac Cash March 22, 1821 Obadiah Gore April 24. Is29 Anna Avery, wife of Obadiah Gore May 3, 1830 Christopher Avery July 9, 1340 Samuel K. Gore July 30. 1847 Capt. Avery Gore Jan. 6, 1849 Calista. wife of Samuel K. Gore May 2. 1861 Avery E., son of Ralph Gore March 2.3. 1866 Lucy, wife of Avery Gore Dec. 27, 1867 Jane, wife of George Gooding ,May 28. 1875 George Gooding mos ds s:! 1 11 3s 6 ■ 1 46 8 77 9 15 84 4 6 71st 53 i .~) 82 6 2U .J4 1 7 21 3 93rd 73 80 3 s GHEN'I- OK HORTo.V CK.METKm'. DIED. NAME. AGE-V1> i mos ds April 14, 1818 Elizabeth, wife of .John Elliott 40 6 1 May 1, 1846 Xeomy, wife ot John Tompkins Jan. 1, 18.51 Aaron French >i.'J Id June 11. 18,57 Hannah, wifi- ot Jal)fz Tompkins 64 H 1 1 July .4, 1857 John Elliott 87 .5 211 Xov. 13, 1857 Samuel Bailey 36 11) 1] Nov. 14, 1857 Joseph Wright J2 July 13, 1860 Jabez Tompkin.-, m 1(1 2 March i, 1861 Prudence, wife ot Abraham l'a> rir 74 i; IS Nov. 6. 1861 Abraham Payne 81 1 ,s .April 3, 1862 Julia Beloud _69 •i-( Dec. 6, 1863 Mary, wife of Aaron l^rciirh ( s May 5, 1866 John X. Dunham .'i9 4 !) July 30, 1868 Mary, wife of James Hortoii 2a ,s 11 July 23, 1869 Rachel, wife of Daniel Hill 55 1 12 Sept. 11, 1870 Ira Tompkins 53 7 20 Dec. 28, 1872 Lydia, wife of .Joseph Wright 54 March I 21. 1873 Daniel Tompkins 36 7 April 5, 1873 Burton Conrad :!!) Jan. 9, 1874 Isaac S. Horton 81 11 IH March 15. 1875 •Jane, wife of Richard Pickering 66 March 26, 1875 Ethelinda, wife of C. D. Ferguson 61 March 7,-1877 Hannah, wife of Isaac S. Horton 84 6 13 Feb. 18, 1878 George E. Horton 54 3 2(i Feb. 17, 1879 Anna, wife of Samuel Davidson 74 11 6 March 9, 1879 Samuel Davidson 73 H k; Oct. 5. ISsd 0. R. Hemenway 43 4 4 April 9, 1881 William Collins 75 5 Oct. 29, 1885 Eliz'h Chandler, wife ot Ira Tompkins 70 June 26. 1886 Xathan Baxter (;3 6 Jan. 27, 1888 Xancy. wife of O. R. Hemenway 47 i 7 July 20, 1888 -Vnastagia, wife ot Joseph Horton 65 11 Xov. 28, 1888 Eliza, wife of Burton Conrad 52 Oct. 4, 1889 William C. Ransom 64 10 19 Auff. 2, 1892 Curtis D. Ferguson i 1 Feb. 9, 1893 April 12,1895 April 24,1896 1897 April 26,1898 March 10, 1899 March 8,1900 April 5, 1900 Feb. 3, 1901 :;8(J James Horton 65 1 28 Zipporah, wife of John E. Horton 78 8 7 Mary, wife of Samuel Bailey 76 — 17 Theresa, wife of AVm. E. Stephenson 70 Daniel D. Tompkins 73 8 20 John E. Horton 81 11 1 Henri Beloud 76 8 15 Elizabeth, wife of William C. Ransom 64 5 24 Joseph Horton 82 2 1 BLACK OK PATTERSON CEMETERY. DIED. NAME. AGE-yrs mos ds Feb. 10, 1826 William Ferguson 64 March 3, 1858 Martha R., daughter of Wm. Patterson 15 1 16 Jan. 27, 1860 William Patterson 62 2 27 May 8, 1874 Emma T., daughter of Wm. Patter.sun 24 April 22, 1876 Mary, wife of Wm. Patterson 71 — 10 DIED. June 23, 1838 Sept. 24, 1838 Oct. 4, 1849 July 13, 1850 March 2, 1856 Xov. 3, 1856 (X't. 12, 1858 Jan. 3, 1859 Feb. 13, 1860 Oct. 1. 1860 Ort. 19, 1861 April 15, 1862 April 13, 1868 Nov. 12. 1872 March 5, 187.") Ma.v 12. 1883 POST CKMETEKY. NVME. AC William Rippeth John, son of Wm. Rijjpetli Cynthia, wife of Aaron Post Rebecca, wife of James Smith Nancy E., wife of L. D. Post Peter Shores Eunice, wife of Wm. Patterson Richard Shores Polly, wife of Wm. Ripjjeth James Smith Tabitha D„ wife of Nathaniel Shores Elias Post Martha W.. wife of Andrew D. Smith Eli Shores George W. Patterson Maria P.. wife of Ricliard Shores yrs mos ds 46 9 28 13 ,3 27 43 10 19 (iS •js 4 ■a; 4 !."> 19 S 3s 11 .t (:2 .5 13 76 7 (>! 71 4 30 4 12 64 4 l^.'i 1 10 (il 1 1(1 (Jrl. 8, 18«:i Kaziah, wife of Samuel Sllor^^-^ 53 Oct. 20, 1886 Jane Shores 70 Dec. 27. 1891 Abram Shores 7:i Sept. U. 18ill Lorenzo Dow I'ost (iti .Id) DIED. NAMK. AOK -yrs mos ds Nov. 16, 18r)2 Pamelia Jayne, wife of Orrin Billings 18 1) 22 July 8, 1859 Rosena K. Brown r,i 2 16 April 6, 1894 (-leorge A. Ffucht 80 6 19 Sept. 21, 1896 Charles P. Hiney 45 n -JORTH (^HENT CEMETERY (neVV). DIED. NAME. \GE -yrs mos ds May 6, 1837 Alphonso Billings 65 Oct. 6, 1805 Jacob GlasstT 56 Feb. 19, 1883 Joseph Hrmpnway 78 March 11, 1S83 Sarah, wife of Philip Verbeck 74 1887 Isaac Decker 80 April 2(J, 1892 Abram B. Vancise 61 11 14 June 10, 1893 Pamelia, wife of Joseph Hemenway S8 9 Dec. 10, 1893 Francis A. Sexton 58 10 14 May 1, 1896 Elizabeth, wife of Jacob Glasser 77 Aug. 21, 1898 Nancy M., wife of W. R. Vancise 52 3 'J Jan. 8, 1899 Orrilla A. Hemenway 72 !) s July 16, 1901 Henry Menold 74 3 16 C^oncli usion. Although costing a vast amount of research and labor, it is a matter of great satisfaction and pleasure for us to be able to present this volume to the large number of peo- ple who will be interested in its contents. It has not been our aim to make fancy word pictures, but to write history such as will endure for all time. Public and family records have generally been consulted for infor- mation, and in verifying all material facts. We wish to express our appreciation for favors extended by the War Department, Washington, D. C. ; State Library, Harris- burg, Pa., the custodians of public records in Luzerne and Bradford county for courtesies in our examinations, as also to the Wyoming and Tioga Point Historical Soci- eties. We are under many obligations to Major W H. H. Gore for his deep interest in this work, information furnished, and valuable records placed in our hands. Miner's History of Wyoming and Craft's History of Bradford County have been used with profit. The old people, with whom our interviews were " feasts of pleas- ure," are large contributors to this work. We sincerely thank them : Wm. ,J. Lent, Daniel M. Bidlack, Stephen Bidlack, Giles M. Hoyt, Abraham Gore, Henry Segar, . Forbes Low, David Horton, Comfort C. Gore, Rosseter Gillett, Edward G. Gooding, Wm. Snyder, Mr, and Mrs. L. S. Kingsbury, Mrs. Grace Powell, Hon. L. J. Culver, Mrs. Margaret Tomkins, Ira Murphy, John R. Post, Lloyd Fish, David Newell, Mrs, SmUj Morton, Mrs. Lydiu A'ouglit, Samuel ilinier, Wm. P. Horton, Mrs. Wm. ,\. Chamberlain, G. W. Blackman, Isaac J. Horton, Hon. and Mrs. C. .S. Russell and H. 8. Clark. The following have also given valuable assistanoc ; .John H Chaffee, 0. F Ayer, H. H. Johnson, \Valter H. French, ^^rs. Wm. Spangenberg, ]Mi.ss N. M. Davies, Heriry Forbes, Wm. R. Vancise, Rev. R. F. Wright, Rev. L. P. Howard. H. B. Lent, Abazina French, B. K. (/Instin, I. L. Young, Frank Tompkins, S. Griffin, Charles Vann, S. G. Marshall, Moses Vancise, i\f rs. Sarah Blair, W. S. Elsbree and Milo Meirill. To these and any others, whose names may liave been overlooked, we wish to express our gratitude. APPENDIX. Ci.iLONEL ,IOHi\ KRAXKLIX. ^OLONEL JOHN FRANKLIN, who fouglit for the A^ Independence of America, celebrated in the Yankee and Pennamite struggles, had for his associates the brave men who settled Siieshequin. Until the close of his eventful life he was-their friend and neighbor. . Without a notice of him our task would be incomplete. This remarka- ble man was of English descent and a son of John and Ke- ziah (Pierce) Franklin. He was the third in a family of eight children, and was born at Canaan, Conn., Sep- tember 23, 1749. John Franklin, the elder, was a man of considerable wealth and influence in the town where he lived, a man of integrity, piety and virtue ; a strict disciplinarian, yet commanding the love and veneration of his family. The mother is said to have been a woman of uncommon intelligence, quick of wit and of unusual vivacity and power of conversation. Of Colonel Frank- lin's early life but little is known. He enjoyed only the educational advantages afforded b}' the public schools of his day. The following anecdote is preserved of his boy- hood days, as related by Mr. Miner : " Having, as was the custom, accompanied the family on Sabbath to their place of worship, the meeting house being only enclosed but neither ceiled nor plastered, the beams and rafters were all exposed to view. John saw that his austere father sat through the sermon with great uneasiness, but CI) I.. .THUS Fi;.l.\k'IJ\. .■■i8H could not divine the cause. On returning home, the father said 'John, it is my duty to give you a severe thrashing, so now prepare yourself for you shall have it presently.' ' But you won't whip me, father, without telling me what for?' 'No, certainly ; your conduct at meeting is the cause. Instead of attending to the sermon you were all the time gaping about, as if you were count- ing all the hoards and beams in the meeting house.' ' Well, father, can you repeat the sermon ?' ' Sermon, no; I had as much as I could do to watch you.' 'If I tell you all the minister said you will not whip me?" 'No, John, no; but you can't do that.' Young Franklin immediately began with the text, and taking up the dis- courise went through every head of it with surprising ac- curacy. 'Upsn my word,' said the delighted father, 'I should not have thought it.' ' And now,' said .lohn, ' I can tell you exactly how many beams and rafters there are in the meeting house.' This is the more wonderful, when we remember that the sermons of that day were from one hour to an hour and a half long. His ever- springing affection for his parent is beautifully evinced in his journal. Almost every other page has the entry, ' wrote a letter to father.' " Colonel Franklin married February 2, 1774, Lydia Doolittle of Canaan, Conn., and in the following spring moved to Wyoming and settled in Plymouth. Here the family remained until the summer of 1776, during which time two sons, Billa and Amos, were born. Colonel Franklin's father had become a proprietor in the Susque- lianna purchase, and located his right in the township of Huntington. Tiiitiier, John, leaving his family in Plv- mouth, went solitary and alone in the s[iring of ] TT'i, and made his " piteh " on the hanks of Huntington Creek in Luzerne county. Having circumscribed the limits of his claim by notching and blazing the bark oi the trees and overturning some of the soil \vith the poll of his axe, made thus his warrant of entry according to the custom of the times and entered upon the formal jios- session of his rights. "No white man had jireceded iiim in this vicinity : he was the lirst, and the unmolested choice of the virgin soil was before him and here he made his selection and dedicated his future home. His faithful dog, the only witness to this act of possession, and his rifle leaning against a tree hard by — the only battery of his defence." During tliis year he erected his log house, cleared and sowed some three or four acres to grain, and in the summer of 1770 moved his family into the wilderness. His iiearest neighbor was at the Susque- hanna river, a distance of some seven or eight miles. For the next two years he was busily engageil on his' farm, attending the town meetings wliere he was quick to de- bate and able to defend his opinions, and was .s(»jn looked upon as one of the foi'emost men of the valley. \\'hen the 24th regiment of Connecticut Afilitia was organized, he was made captain of the Salem and Huntington com- pany. At the battle of Wyoming, Franklin and his com- pany were directed to report at Forty Fort immediately, but his compariy was so scattered that he was unable to :!:;s bring tliem on in time to participate in the battle. Of hiniself, he says, as soon as he had taken care of iiis fam- il}^ (he had now three children, the third a daughter, Kezia, ) he set out with what few of his company could be gathered foi" Wyoming, and reached the fort loo late to participate in the engagement. He was present, how- ever, to lend his advice in regard to the surrender and his aid to the fugitives. Having done all in his power to help the sufferers, he returned to his family, and, taking his vsrife and three little children, started for a place of safety. Going down the river, he stopped for a short time at Paxtang, then went to Windsor in Berks county. Here the family were attacked with the smallpox, and Mrs. Franklin died November 17, 1778. As soon as the children recovered, about the 1st of December, he set out for Canaan in order to leave his helpless children in the care of his relatives. Hitching a yoke of oxen to a cart, he put into it his three little children (the oldest four years, the youngest eight months old, ) tied a cow by the horns to follow and drove on, having a cap into which he milked from time to time as occasion required and fed the babe. Thus he traveled the rough way 200 miles, through forests, fording streams and frequently sleeping under the canopy of the heavens, though in the month of December, arriving at his destination in safety, having e.x'hibited all the patience and tenderness of a mother as well as the care and providence of a father. After devastating the country, burning houses, de- stroying crops and driving off what live stock they could find, the Torie.-i and Indians abandoned the valle)-. Somu after a few of the old selllers began to venture baek to seeure some portion of their erojis if any bad liecn left by the enemy. They built some Ion' bouses ftjr shidfer and defence, in which they spent the Avinter. Ki'anklin re- turned to Wyoming early the next spi-ing. ib.ic his ability as a leader was readily acknowledged, and I'roni this time he began to be the foremost man at W'yoming He was now in the oOtb year of bis age, over si^ feet in height, broad of shoulder, lithe, strong, .Cjuick, resource- ful, fearless, a veiy athlete physically, commanding the respect of all for the u[>rigbtness of bis life. Ids command- ing abilities and his unquestioned patriotism. Those who had returned to Wyoming for better protection had formed themselves into a military cora}iany, of which Franklin was made the captain ; lie was also appointed a justice of the peace, so that be combined in himself !)oth the high- est military and civil functions in Wyoming, and to his decisions all bowed with respect and confidence. In the expedition of Colonel Hartley, in the autumn of 177s were two companies from Wyonjing : oS men of the In- dependent comi>any under Captain Simon Spalding, and 12 volunteers of the Militia company commanded by Franklin. In this expedition, Franklin and his men wci-e in the fore-front and won tln' greatest praise of their commander. In Sullivan's cam[>aign be was captain of the A\'yoming A^olunteers, and in the attack of (ieneral Hand on Chemung, known as " Hogback Hill," was -c- verelv wounded in the shoulder, which, of course, pre- :]4() vented further participation in the campaign. From the return of this expedition in October, 1779, until the close of the war, scouting parties of the Wyoming iNIilitia were out daily watching exposed points, pursuing marauding bands of Tories and Indians, protecting workmen on their farms and the many ways where there was danger from the lurking foe, a service that taxed to the utmost the skill and judgment of the commandant, whose eyes must be everywhere. Franklin was not content in plan- ning these military expeditions, but not infrequently took part in them himself Early in September, 1780, Captain Franklin and three men set out on a scout up the river. At Tioga Point they came to where large par- ties had encamped and saw two Indians. At Tioga they found a canoe, and in two days' easy sail arrived safely at ^Vyoming fort. On another occasion, he accompanied a scout as far as A\'ysox, where they had a brush with the enemy and captured a sword and a silver watch — this Franklin wore to the day of his death, a memento of his fortitude and of his bravery. Yet we find him holding his justice's court, at work upon his farm, taking a hand in the hunt, writing letters about Wyoming affairs — in short, in all the multifarious work that came to his hand. After the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania over the Sus- quehanna Company's purchase had been affirmed by the Trenton decree ( December 30, 1782,) contrary to all ex- pectation, the government, instead of confirming the settlers in their possessions, declared that nothing could hti done to iiiterfure with tlie claiiiis of tliusc hoMinj;- IrViinsylvunia title, and instead of uniel llie New Va[<^- land people were given to nnderstand that tlje\' nin^t l)nrchase their land at the landdiolder's uwn jjrices di' va- cate their homes. An association C()ra]io>e(l of the (imes, Roswell Franklin, John Franklin and "thers of the prom- inent New England men in Wyoming, was formed for the pni'pose of purchasing ;i large tract of land abont <.)weg(), in the State of New York, upon whieh they would remove. Franklin was absent on a tour of exploration from May till June, ITs:!. but for sume reason the pur- chase was never consummated. He returned, determined to resist every act by which an attempt should be made to wrest from the settler his claim to the lands which were bought by the blood of his kindred. The struggle whieh ensued was long and bitter. In the various con- ferences whiclj were held with commis.sioncrs and dthei- officials, in writing letters, in visiting various nther parts of the Wyoming settk'ments, in circulating petitions pleading the cause of ih(> Connecticut people before the supreme executive council, congress and the legislature of Pennsylvania, Franklin was constantly busy and "al- ways true to the people whom he represented and fcir wdiom he .spoke, challenging not only the unqualified confidence of the settlers, but calling forth the bitterest epithets from the partisans of the Pennsylvania land- holders. Whenever the rights of the Connecticut people were assailed he stood ready for their defence." In noth- ing was Colonel Franklin more distinguished than in his wonderful versatility in devising means for the accom- plishment of his purpose-. When it became evident that the legislature of Pennsylvania was controlled by the land-holders, the first scheme was to secure a court in which the private right to the soil could be tried. Fail- ing in this, the next movement was to interest the Con- necticut government in behalf nf the suffering settlers ; but in this the government declined to use anything but the moral influence of its opinions on its executive coun- cil of the Commonwealth. Next was the new state plan in which it was intended, through the aid of the Susque- hanna company and the sympathy felt for the New Eng- land people at Wyoming to bring on a sufficient force to wrest the territory from the grasp of the Commonwealth. At this date the articles of Confederation were in effect, which compelled C'ongress to refrain from interfering in the domestic affairs of any state. .Men prominent in pol- itics, possessed of great wealth and personal influence, pledged Franklin their support. A conference was had with General Ethan Allen, of FortTiconderoga fame, who had just succeeded in securing statehood for Vermont un- der much opposition, and who, in cocked hat and feath- er,';, came on. to Wyoming, declaring that he had made one state and " by the Eternal God and the Continental Congress he would make another." The plan seemed feasible and success certain. In the meanwhile, the Pennsylvania government became thoroughlj^ alarmed and began to make overtures for peace. The disputed territory was erected into the county of Luzerne by an Aft of the Legislature pas^rrl Si.ptrnihcr :io, I 7sr,, Tins was tlie next act of conciliatidii and ooni]ii'()niisc. ' blonel Timotliy Pickering, wlio had Litmi ([ua^t(.'nlla-^- ter in the Revolutionary army and iield in high esti^.m throughout tlie country, a man of eonsuinmati' skill and tact ami of great ability, (_'(.)urage and entei|)rise, was a].)- pointed to m-ganize the new counti'y. kromi-es weir freely made that the settlers should be quieted in their possessions if the laws ot Pennsylvania were permitted to go into edeet. At the suggestion of Pickering, a petition was circulated and numerously signed by the old siTtlei's. stating that seventeen townshijis, each five mil(;s square, had l)een allotted to settlers prior to the Trenton decree, and jiraying that these lots be coutirmed to settlers there- on ; the legislature, Marcdi "is, 17s7, passed what was called the Confirming Law, confirming said lots to the settlers thereon, providing for comijensation to I'euusyl- vania claimants out of the unoeiaipied lands in the T'om- monwealth, and for the appointment of commissioners to carry into efi'ect tln' provisions of the law. The Act es- tablishing the county of Lnzmie and the Confirming Law created heated discaission in W'voming. On the one side it was declared that Peiniss Ivania had come to a better understanding of the case and was disjiosed to treat the settlers with justice, recognize their rights, secure their titles to their lands, gi\e them courts and ofiiceis of law and representation in the legislature. On the other side it was contended that no confidence could be jjlaced in Pennsvlvania, that shi^ had frequently allured them to :i44 trust her promises only to deceive and destroy them, and was now under a different guise, pursuing the same pol- icy of deception and fraud — that there were many who had expended large sums of money in the purchase of land lying outside of the seventeen townships, others whose husbands, fathers or brothers had been killed in the war, and whose lands had not been assigned until af- ter the Trenton decree, but the title of these was in justice as good every way as that of the old settlers in the townships ; and then the half-share men, who had come to them in their distress, relying upon their promise, who had aided them in their conflict with the Pennsylvania authorities, and by their loyalty and courage had driven them to make this offer of compro- mise, whom now to forsake would be the most wicked treachery, that these were abandoned without recogni- tion and compensation. A public meeting was held for the purpose of discussing the provisions of the law and determining what course should be pursued. Quoting from Mr. Miner : "So great a gathering had not been in the valley for years. Matters of the highest moment were to be discussed and decided. Indeed, the future of Wyoming seemed to rest on their deliberations and the decision of that day. Little less than war or peace ap- peared to be involved in the issue. All felt the magni- tude of the questions to be resolved. But Wyoming was no longer united. Discord had reared its snaky crest; malign passions were awakened. Brother met brother, friend greeted friend not with the all hail of hearty good will, but with beating heart, knit brow and the fnnvn of anger and defiance. Colonel Pickering, sustained by the Butlers, the Holleubacks, the Xesbits and the Denisons, appeared as the advocate of the law and compromise. Colonel Franklin, supported by the Jenkinses, the Spald- ings and the Saterlees, came forth the champion of the Connecticut title." The meeting ended in riot and con- fusion, although a vote was taken to support the law and accept the compromise. These measures completely thwarted Franklin's new state scheme. The whole coun- try was in confusion. Pickering had succeeded beyond his expectations in the first part of his program, of divid- ing the Connecticut people and setting the old sottlers against the half-share men. Franklin, however, con- tinued busy, devoting all his tireless energy and con- summate ability to uniting opposition to the Confirma- tion Law. In order to frustrate the efibrts of Franklin, Pickering determined to get rid of him, for a time, at least. A writ was obtained secretly and intrusted to competent hands, and Franklin, unsuspecting the plot, was suddenly arrested and conveyed to Philadelphia jail on the charge of high treason. "The news of the arrest and abduction of Franklin spread over the country as fast as couriers could carry it. The northern part of Lu- zerne was swept with a whirlwind of excitement.' Here the half-share men principally lived. The blow which struck down Franklin was aimed at them. Pie had fall- en in defence of their rights. He was their leader, coun- sellor and friend. They felt their interests were at stake 3-i(; and determined that Pickering, for whom tlie}^ could find no language strong enough to express their con- tempt, should suffer for this assault upon their beloved leader." Pickering tied to Philadelphia. In Xovember, 17S,S, a eourt was ordered to be held at Wilkes-Barre for the trial of Franklin. Chief Justice McKean presided. Franklin's strong frame was bowed and weakened by sickness and 13 months' confinement, and his spirit was broken. "The lion was tamed." lie was indicted for high treason, but the trial was never called and Franklin was admitted to bail, it was claimed, under promise that he would not further oppose the laws of Pennsylvania. Soon after (17s9) he removed to his farm in Athens township, Bradford county, where he lived until his death, but never took out for it a title under Pennsylvania, nor was ever molested because he did not. In 1792 Colonel Franklin was elected high sheriff of Luzerne county. From the expiration of his term as sheriff, he was busy for a number of years as one of the commissioners and as the clerk of the Susquehanna Com- pany, which continued to hold frequent meetings at Athens, selling rights and granting townships. The In- trusion Law (1795) made these acts criminal. Under this act. Colonel Franklin, .John .Jenkins, Elisha Satterlee and Joseph Biles were indicted at the August sessions, ISOI, of Luzerne county, and a special verdict found against them. The case was removed by certiorari to the Superior court. The act was held to be constitutional, but the defendants were discharged on other grounds. :'. 17 In 17sl, while Connecticut claimed jurisdiction uvcr the county of Westmoreland, represcntati \'es were sent to her assembly at Martford. Colonel Franklin went one year. In IT'.lo and ITHO he represented Luzei'iie county in the Pennsylvania Assembly. Fi-om 1799 to lS(i:^ ho was in the assembly every term. Mr. Miner says of him ; "A few months before an election with great tact Franklin would commence his essays, awaken old and new pre- judices and liopes, kindling the spirit of the people to that degree of warmth that Colonel Franklin innsf go to the Assi.nnbly, and he went." As an evidence of his poMularity in this county, in iNOl he received eviTy vote in the Tidga district, and in the Wyalusing district all but six ; in Ls02, e\'ery vote but three in the three elec- tion districts of which the county was composed, and in 1.S03 all but ten. In the legislature, on all those ques- tions relating to land titles he was ever ready to defend with his might the half-share men, and bitter in denun- ciation of the inhumanity and greed of the landlords. An attempt was made in the sessions of l.s02-;;; to expel him from the FIou.se on account of his being under in- dictment for violations of the Intrusion Law ; but it failed. Determined, however, to get rid of him, in ls04 an act was passed setting off that part of Luzerne county which contained the residence of Franklin to Lycoming. The first draft of the bill included that part of Luzerne, north of Towanda creek and west of the Susquehanna river. Colonel Franklin, when the bill was read, arose in his seat and informed the gentlemen that he lived on the 34S east side of the river. The bill was accordingly changed so as to include him in the dismembered portion. Tn 1805, however, he was elected by the people of Lycom- ing, and to the chagrin and mortification of his enemies he appeared again at Lancaster and took his seat. As it was his crowning, so it was his closing victory. In poli- tics, Colonel Franklin was a Federalist, and wielded so large an influence in Luzerne county — in the nearlj' equally balanced parties of the state, that he was courted and countenanced by eminent politicians in the Com- monwealth. Even between him and Colonel Pickering civilities passed and they dined togetlier at the table of a mutual acc[uaintance. His life had been one of constant toil, exposure and anxiety, burdened with many cares and wearied with many conflicts. The great questions to which he had devoted his great energies were practically settled, and he desired the peace and rest of his own home. Here he was not idle, but as long as strength remained he was busy in the cultivation of his farm and in the manage- ment of private enterprises in which he was engaged. Surrounded by friends who loved and revered him, it was his delight to recount the story of his early days and the sufferings and toils of his associates and companions. Although usually grave and dignified in his demeanor, there was a vein of sly humor often mingled in his con- versation. At one time, in giving his evidence before court, referring to some transaction which took place about the time of his abduction, he observed that about that time he was called "on important business to Fhila- delpliia ; he had just gone in company witli several gentlemen to that city." At another time he referred to his moving to xVthens as immediately after his return from a protracted visit to Philadelphia. He was a rrady writer and his pen was constantly employed. He pc^- se.sstd a most remarkable memory which he retained to the last. In his last years it was his custom to attend the funerals of the older people of his acquaintance and make some remarks, relative to the life and character of the deceased, which for many years were held in grateful remembrance. In earlier years Franklin was a com- municant member of the Congregational church. Dur- ing the period of strife and war and political contention, he ga\'e little thought or attention to religious matters. In his retirement daring the last years of his life he was a pronounced Universalist He read his Bible much, and for many years the older people spoke reverently of his long, fervent prayers and devout conversation. <'olii- iiel Franklin married for his second wife Aliagail, daugh- ter of f 'apt. Stephen Fuller, and widow of ('ai>{. James Bidlack, who was mas.sacred liy the Indians, -luly 3, 177s. By this marriage he had no children, but was ever a father to the two sons and two daughters left by (Aiptain Bidlack. Colonel Franklin died at his home in Athens, March 1, 1S:!1, at the age of si years, :) months and N days. He is hurried on a gravelly bluH', a kw rods north of his mansion, overlooking the highway and in full view of Tioga Point, with which he was for many 330 years so closely associated. His wife, Abigail, died in Athens, Jan. 30, 1834, in the 83d year of her age. She is buried beside the colonel, and (heir resting place is marked by a plain marble slab which gives only their names, ages and dates of death. Of the children of John and Lydia Franklin, Billa settled first at Palmyra, N. Y., afterwards at St. Albans, N. Y., where be died leaving a family of nine children ; Amos, a physician by profes- sion, settled at Cayuga village and died there Oct. 11, 1804, leaving one son, Henry, who died without child- ren ; Keziah married Dr. Solomon Beebe, settled at Geneva, N. Y., and died without children. — Compiled from Miner's History and address of Rev. David Craft, be- fore Tioga Point Historical Socief]/. ^Jjradforcl (Lounti^. Bradford county was formfd as Ontario County, l''eli. 21, ISK), by an Act of AsscmMy, from the countit's ol' Luzerne and Lycoming. I>y Act of March '.^J, LsIjI, the county was organized for judicial puijuiscs and the naiiif changed from Outarii) to Bradford, in honor of William Bradford of Pennsylvania, second Alt(:)riiey-( General of the Lnited States under President A\"ashington. The population of the county, as iletermined by the different enumerations, has been : t!,2SS in ISlU; 11,554 in 1820; 1U,74() in 1830; :;!2,7(]9 in LSJU; 42,831 in 1850 ; 4S,7:;4 in i860 ; 53,204 in ISTO ; 58,541 in 18S0; 5',i,2:13 in ls<)0 ; 50,403 in 1000. iin-ismxs. The following are the townships, area, date of organi- zation and territory from which talcen ; Wyalusing — Area, 20 sc^uare miles, organized March, 1790, from Stoke, Wysox — .Vrea, 20 square miles, organized April, 1705, from Tioga. Athens — Area, tO square miles, organized Januarv, 1707, from Tioga. Ulster — Area, IG S(juare miles, organized .January, 1707, from Tioga. Burlington— Area, 24 square miles, (irganized Janu- ary, 1802, from AVvsox. Orwell (Mt. Zion, psOl)— Area, 32 s-iuare miles, or- ganized from Athens and lister, changed to Orwell ni 1S(I2. Canton— Area, 3S square miles, organized Augu>l, 180 (, from Burlington. 352 Towanda — Area, 15 square railes, organized Januar}', 1808, from Wysox and Wyalusing. Smithfield — Area. 42 square miles, organized between 1804 and 1810, from' Ulster. Pike (Bradford) — Area, 43 square miles, organized from Rush and Orwell, changed to Pike in April, 1813. Warren — Area, 44 square miles, organized April, 1813, from Rush and Orwell. Windham — Area, 35 square miles, organized April, 1S13, from Orwell. Wells — Area, 35 square miles, organized April, 1813, from Athens. Columbia — Area, 43 square miles, organized August, 1813, from Smithfield. Springfield (Murraysfield) — Area, 44 square miles, organized August, 1S13, from Smithfield. Asylum — Area, 24 square miles, organized November, 1814, from Wyalusing. The original township of Asy- lum was taken from Wyalusing in 1814 ; from Asylum Albany was taken off in 1824 ; Dwell toicnship -was formed from Asylum, Monroe and Wj^sox in 1842 ; Wil- mot was next taken off from Asylum and reorganized from Asylum and Wilmot in 1858 ; now followed the dispute over names, which was settled in 1859 by drop- ping the name of Durell and removing the name of Asy- lum to what had been Durell and the name of Terry given to what had lastly been Asylum. Troy — Area, 42 square miles, organized December, 1815, from Burlington. Ridgebury — Area, 38 square miles, organized Febru- ary, 1818, from Athens and Wells. Franklin — Area, 15 square miles, organized Septem- ber, 1819, from Towanda and Canton. Sheshequin — Area, 35 square miles, organized May, 1820, from Ulster and Wysox. Monroe— Area, o(; sqn.-iro miles, organized September, 1.S'21, from Towanda. Monme township was taken i'rom' Towand,!, and Towanda reorganized from Burlington and part of Towanda. Litchfield — Area, 30 ,S(|uai'e miles, organized Decem- ber, 1S21, from Athens. Albany (New Albany )— Area, :;<; square miles, oi-an- ized P'ebruary, 1824, from Asylum. Tuscarora (Spring Hill, ' 182i))— Area, 21) s((uare miles, organized from Wvalnsing, changed to Tuscarora, February, ISSO. Granville — Area, 2:; square miles, orgainzed, Febru- ary, I8;;i, from Burlington, Canton, Franklin and Troy. Rome (Watertown) — Area, oO square miles, organized December, 1831, from Orwell, Shcshequin and M'ysox. South Creek — Area, .'!! s(|uare miles, organized May, 1835, from Ridgebury and Wells. LeRoy (Unii)n, Se]itember, Ls;!,")) — Area, -14 square miles, organized December, 183.">, from Canton and Franklin. Herrick — Area, 20 sipiare miles, ()rganizcd l'"ebruaiT, 1.S3S, from Orwell, Pike, ^\'yalusing and AVysox. Standing' Stone — Area, l(i s(iuare miles, organized September, l.s41, from Herrick, Wyalusing and W'ysox. Armenia — ^Area, 17 scjuare miles, organized February, 1S43, from Canton and Troy. Wilmot (Greenwood) — Area, oO square mih.'S, organ- ized May, 1849, from Asylum. North Towanda (Sugar Creek) — Area, K) sqnari' miles, orgaruzed December, ls51, from Towanda. Overton — Area, 40 square miles, organized February, 1853, from Albany, Franklin and Monroe. West Burlington — Area, 24 square miles, organized February, ISoTi, from Burlington. :!r.4 Terry — Area, 34 square miles, organized May, J859 ; Asylum changed, Durell dropped. Barclay — Area, 20 square miles, organized May, 1867, from Franklin. The following are the Boroughs of the county and date of incorporation : Towanda — March 5, LS'-^N. Athens— March 29, ISBl. Troy— April 11, 1S45. Sylvania — May 5, 185;-]. Burlington — February 14, 1854. ]\[onroe— May 19, 1855. Rome — February 3, 1.S5S. LeRavsville— May 16, lsG3. Alba— February 4, 1 S64. Canton— ^lay iO, 1SG4. South Waverly— January 28, 187s. New Albany — December G, 1879. W'yalusing — February K.i, 1887. Havre — January 27, 189]. J. res ice nt /uoqes. TERM. John Bannister (iibson 1813 to 1816 Thomas Burnsidp 1816 to 1818 Edward Herrick 1818 to 1839 JohnN. Conyngham 18.39 to 1849 Horace Williston 1849 to 1851 David WOmot IS.'jl to 18."iT Darius Bullock Sept. Term 1857 David Wilmot 18.57 to 1861 Ulysses Mei-cur ISiU tn lS(;:j Fan-is B. Strcetcr iw;,". to 1H74 Paul D. Jlonow 1874 to isill) Benjamin M. Peek |S'.)(i t(i I'^'.tl Benjamin M. Peck IS'.ii to is'.i;! AdelljPit C. Fanning is'.i'.i to I'.iOl Adelbeit C. Fanning- 1901 infunibent All the Jtuli^es prior to Wilmot were ajjpointed Ijy the (Jovernoi-. A Constitutional Amendment in ISoij, provided tor the election ol the Judges of the several Districts. All Judges holding commis- sions by appointment were cut off and made to ex|iiri' on the tirst Monday ot December, following the election of the new Judges. The new Judges were elected at the general election (Is.'ili next fol- lowing the adoption of this .\mendment. Hence, it will be seen wdiy \Yilliston who had been a|)pointeil foi- a term of ten veav--. did not serve Ljnupr. In l^^oT Judge Wilmot \\as a candidate for ("Jovernor, lie therefore resigned, and Darius Bullock was on the Sth day of August, 1S,")7. appointed to fill the vacancy, by (lovernor Pollock, his commission to expire on the lir-~t ^ilonday of DecemViir following. Wilmot was defeated for Governor at the October election: he was accordingly re-commissioned Judge by Governor Pollock, to hold said office un- til the first Monday of Decembei- following the next Gi'iicra! clec tion. In IS.'i.s he was again elected and cominissioned for a full term of ten yi'ars. He was elected to tlu' U. S. Senate in January. l.S(il. when he resigiu'd his position as .fudge and Ulys.ses Mercur was appointed his su.-cessor March 19. ISCd. Ju.lgr Men-ur's com mi.ssion being Issued tn hold until the first Monday inDecmiber following the next general election, he was elected in < )ctober, ISCl, for a ttdl term of ten years and commissioned ai'ciudingly. In 1SH4 Judg.' Mercur was ele.'lcd to Congress. Farris B. Strecter was aiipointed to fill the \aeancy caused l)y the resignation of Judge Mercur by a commission datcl March 4, IsC,,-, to hold until the first Monday of December following the next general .lection. In O^to her. m>o. Judge Sti-eetei- was el.'Ctcd tor a full term ot ten years. By the Act ovating the offic of Additional Law Judge and the Act" making Bradford and Susijuehanna county each -eparate Judicial Districts, Judge Streeter was succeeded as President Judge of tlie 13th District by Paul D. Morrow in 1874. In 1880 Judge Morrow was re-elected for a term of ten years. He served his term lacking only 20 days, having died Dec. 15, 1890. Benjamin M. Peck who had been elected for a term of ten years in November, 1890, was appointed Dec. 17, 1890, by Governor Beaver to fill the unexpired term of Judge Morrow. Judge Peck died in ofBoe Sept. 9, 1899, and on Sept. 21, 1899, Adelbert C. Fanning was appointed to fill the vacancy. In November, 1900, Judge Panning was elected to a full term of ten years. Judge Gibson was the youngest of our judges, being appointed at the age of .S2 years. ^^nssociate /uaqes. TERM. (ieorge Scutt appointed by (io\ernor 1813 to 1818 John McKean ■' " " , 1813 to 1840 Jonathan Stevens " " " 1818 to 1841 .John Laporte •" " " 1840 to 1845 Abraham Goodwin " " " 1841 to 1844 David M. Bull " '• " 1844 to 1845 Harry Morgan •• " " 1845 to 1850 Reuben Wilbur " " " 1845 to 1849 J. .. i^^i) John L. Webb .. ,. y^^:^ GuyTozer .. .. jgc^f; Ira H. Stephens •■ .. ]^839 John N. Weston ■> .. ^842 John P. Means : >• .. isir, William 8. Dobbins ■• ■■ is48 Chester Thomas " ■' i85i John A. Codding ■■ ■■ i8.-,4 Thomas M. Woodruff ■■ ■ 1857 A. Hanson Spalding " •■ i860 J. Monroe Smith '• •• I86.'i William GrifHs ■ • 1866 J. Perry VanPleet ■■ ■• 1869 J. Monroe Smith .- ■• •' 1872 Andrew J. Layton •' November, 187.1 Peter J. Dean ■' " 1878 William T. Horton ' '• 1881 Dallas J. Sweet •' " 1884 Morris Shepard • " 1887 Joiseph Powell ■ " 189() Nathan V. Weller •• " 1893 Ulysses M. Fell " " 1896 Homer B.Drake " " 1899 Stephen F. Robinson " " 19()2 Abner C. Rockwell was the youngest sheriff, being elected at the age of 29 years. Under the Constitution of 1790 each elector voted for two candi- dates and the two receiving the greatest number of votes were for- warded to the Secretary of the Commonwealth, one of whom the Governor commissioned to be Sheriff. The same rule applied to Coroners. ^rothonotary, Qier/i of the Courts of Quarter Sessions and Gijen anc) ijenminer, etc. Charles F. Welles Appointed July 13, 1812 George Scott •■ " " 1,1818 BurrRidgway " Feb. 8, 1821 George Scott " Jap. 26, 1824 Darius Bullock " Feb. 19, 1830 Alpheus Ingham " Jan. 1, 18.31 .James P. Bull ■' May 7,18.31 SamuelStrait " Jan. 12, 1836 .Joseph C. Powell " Oct. 21, 1836 David Cash Appointed and elected Jan. 21, 1839 Aaron Chubbuck Elected October, 1842 Addison McKean " " 1845 Allen IVEcKean Elected October, 1848, '51, o4, '57 E. O'Meara Goodrich Elected October, 1860-'63 William A. Thomas " " 1866-69 Benjamin M. Peck Elected Oct. and Nov., 1872-'75 George W. Blackman Elected November, 1878-81 William J. Young " " 1884-87 Henry .J. Madill " " 1890 Mial E. Lilley " ' 1893-'96 .T. Andrew Wilt " ■' 1899-02 Prothonotaries, Clerks of the Peace and Orphans' Courts, Record- er of Deeds and Register of Wills were made elective by the Consti- tution of 1838. Prior to this date, appointments were made by the Governor from the party representing his political faith. Qler/i of the Onphans Qoiint. George Scott \li|ioint('(l July J, IHIM Burr Ridgway " Feb, 8, 18-1 George Scott Jan. -JCi. IH-JI tj\.egisten of Wills and Kjiecorrler of iUecr/s. Eliphalet Masoji A])iiointeil July 1. IslM Charles Whitehead ' Feb. 8. 1S2I Alpheus Ingham " Jan. 'iO. 18-il Clerfi of tfie Onp/ians' Coeint, Cf\.egisten of li'tV/s ir/ Cfiecorrlen of iOeer/s. U/lf Charles F. Welles \piH,inted July i:!. 1812 Alpheus Ingham " I'^eb. 19, 18;i(i Elisha S. Goodrich .Tan. 1. 1831 George A. Mix " " I'i. 1836 DummerLilley " May 11, IB.'is Ephraim W. Baird Appointed and elected Jan. -21, IS.'lll Julius Ru,-.sell Elected October. 1842 Lyman E. DeWolf " 18^'> Horatio Black ' ' '^j^ H. Lawrence Sciitt " l'^''' James H.Webb ' " l^''l •'>" " 18i;o (i.'! ISIili isi;ii Nathan C. Elsbrei- Henry J. Madill Charles E. Gladding Otis J. Chubbuck " " l^""- Hilerteil N'overahi.T, 187. j " '' ■ •• 1878 1.8SI Cejilias E. Andrus. Addison C. Frisbie James H. Welib .... 360 AdelbertD. Munn Elected November, 1884 James W. Hurst '..... " " 1887 Charles M. Hall " " 1890 Alfred C. Blackwell " " 1893 John N. Califf " ■' 1896 George T. Ingham " " 1899 William J. McGabe " " 1902 sOistnict ■^ttor'nei/s. Thomas Smead Elected October, 1850 James Macfarlane " " 1853 Paul D. Morrow " " 1856 GuyH.Watkins " " 1859 Paul D. Morrow Appointed September, 1862 George D. Montanye Elected October, 1862 William T. Davies " •' 1865 Warner H. Carnochan '• " 1868 Joseph B. Reeve •> " 1371 John N. Califif Elected November, 1874 Isaiah MoPherson Adelbert C. Fanning Eleazer J. Angle J. Andrew Wilt John W. Codding Benjamin Kuykendall, Jr James T. McCoUom Louis T. Hoyt Frank K. Stephens Originally the Commonwealth was represented by Deputy At- torney-Generals, who acted under deputations from the Attorney- General of the State. In case of vacancies, the Court made tem- porary appointments. The Deputy Attorney-Generals, who served shorter or longer periods for Bradford county, in order of service, were: Henry Wilson, Garriok Mallory, Charles Catlin, T. B. Over- 's (i 1877 " " 1880 '• 1883 tt t( 1886 '■^ U 1889 (I (( 1892 (( U 1895 U (( 1898 *t (( 1901 :i(n ton, Ucurse Dcnison, Edward Overton, Ethan Baldwin, Uarius J^ul- lock, William Fatten, David Cash. Rilas Noblo, Stephen Pirrce. George Sanderson, E. W. Hazard. I>arius Bullock, Oeorge Sander son and Henry Booth. The office of District Attornc) was created by the .\cl of .May .'!, 1850, taking the place of and abolishino- the office of Deputy .\ttoi- ney-General. Sept. 1, 18(52, Paul D. Morrow was appointed to till vacancy, riuisr-d by the absence of Guy H. Watkins, being in the volunteer service. i^oiintt/ Co/nmissionens. Jos(>ph Kinney Kleeleil Octoljei. 1S12 Justus (4aylord, .Jr William Myer " " " Burr Ridgway '■ " ISl.'i Samuel McKean * Appointed Nu\ember, 1814 Salmon Bosworth Elected October, 181.1 Nathaniel Allen " " 1815 Eliphalet Ma.son •■ " 1816 .Joseph C. Powell ■ ' 1817 Bartholomew La]>orte ■' ' ISls William Myer " " isl'.l George Hyde ■■ " IWlin Lemuel Streator " " 1^-1 Darius Bullock " 1822 John Taylor " " 1«-'! Theodore Leonard..; ' " 1824 Gould Seymour '" " l'^-'' Burton Strait " " 1^-''' Churchill Barnes " " l^-'' Hezekiah Dunham " " l"^'-^'"^ Eliphalet Ma.son " " ^^'--^ John L.Webb " " 1'"^;'" Isaac Cooley " " l^'^l .TohnElhott " " 1^'>- Morris Siialding.. is:« 3H2 Elias Rockwell JEleoted October, 1834 HarryMorgan " " 1835 Elisha S. Goodrich ^ Appointed May, 1836 Daniel Park Elected October, 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 Irad Stevens Myron Ballard Irad Wilson Benjamin Buffington Edson Aspinwall Daniel Brink Joseph Towner Luman Putnam Ashbel L. Cranmer... John H. Black Hiram Spear Simeon Decker Augustus S. Smith... Sturges Squires Daniel B.Cotton Isaac A. Park Stewart Smiley George H. Bull Perley H. Buck Dummer Lilley Daniel Decker Perley H. Buck William A. Thomas... William H. Decker ... Isaac Lyon Josephus Campbell..., William B. Dodge John Beardslee... Sterne McKee William B. Dodge John A. Moody Ezra Loomis John B. Hinds Ezra C. Kello-g Kleeted O.tuber, LSTo Morris Shepard n i, ^^-^ Benjamin Kuyki-ndall >. .. ^^-j., Abram Snell .. j^y, Morris Shepard Elected XovemlxT. IH7I Maurice J. C'oolbaugh " t. j^i^y- George W, Kilmer John Baldwin ■> .. i James W. Hurst •■ >■ i.lj^s; Daniel Bradford Miles F. Ransom Daniel Bradford •■ >• i^si Myron Kingsley Miles P. Ransom Levi W. Towner ■• ■• \hh4 Milton O. Loomis ■' " George H. Vandyke Levi W. Towner " •' 1H87 Sheldon H. Lindley ■■ " George H. Vandyke ■■ ' Sheldon H. Lindley ■■ ■ 18a) Pembroke S. Squires '■ " Henry W. McCraney John Wolf ■• •• 189:{ Horace Horton ; Walter K. Green (ieorgc M. Decker " ' 1896 Edward M. Pitcher Horace M. Spalding- Edward M. Pitcher " " IWH Horace M. Spalding " John H. Murray. Jr John D. Kinney *: Appointed March, 1901 Michael J. McNulty Elected November, 1902 Edson D. Harkness .John D. Kinney At the first election, October, ISl'i, Joseph Kinney was elected for a term of one vear. Justus Gavlord. Jr.. for two years and William Myer for three years. In 1814 Clement Paine was elected but re- fused to serve. Samuel McKean was appointed for one year and in 1815 Nathaniel Allen was elected for two years, the balance of Paine's term. Owing to the provisions of the new Constitution, Morris Shepard was elected for a term of one year and Abram Snell for two years. * Nov. 14, 1814, Samuel McKean was appointed for one year to fill vacancy caused by the refusal of Clement Paine to qualify. May 10, 1836, Elisha S. Goodrich was appointed to fill vacancy caused Ly the resignation of Morris Spalding. March 9, 1901, John D. Kinney was appointed to fill vacancy caused by the death of Edward M. Pitcher. All other Commissioners have served a full term of three years. L^ounti/ Oupepintendents. Emanuel Guyer Elected 1854 Charles R. Coburn Elected 1857, '60 Otis J. Chubbuck Elected 1863, '66 Austin A. Keeney Elected 1869, '72, '75 J. Andrew Wilt Appointed January, 1878 George W. Ryan Elected 1878, '81, '84, '87, '90, '93 Herbert S. Putnam Elected 1896, '99, '02 The ofHce of County Superintendent was created by Act of May 8, 1854, which provides that the school directors of each county shall meet in convention at the seat of justice on the first Tuesday of May in each third year and select iha voce by a majority of the directors present, one person of literary and scientific acquirements of skill and experience in the art of teaching, as county superintendent for three succeeding school years. (Each school year begins with the first Monday of June, from which date, the terni of superintendent is reckoned). Austin A. Keeney died in ofiice Jan. 23, 1878, and J. Andrew Wilt was appointed to fill the vacancy, serving till the first Monday of June, 1878. :-)Hr. •historical .^L emoranaum. (These blank pages are reserved for notins historical events, which may have escaped the attention of th(^ author, future events and family records.) 366 ^listontcal -^TLemoraneluin.. 367 JHistorical ^^4temorundu/n. 368 ^listopicul ^yrLemopanelum. ZHistonieal ^.Atemo/'andum. 370 :-l7l ^Historical -M^entorandum. 372 ^HistOfleal ■^Lemopandum. INDEX. rLLLSTH \TI().\>. PAGE. Judge Obadiah Gore __ I'ronti^iiiecc The Author Preface Pioneer Home t Mrs. John Spaldins 61 Joseph Kinney fU Mrs. Avery Gore s.'i Samuel Gore S'.l Ebenezer Shaw : ll-i David Horton ,. 124 Mrs. Hannah Horton llio Col. Franklin Blackman ,,.. 132 Mrs. Sibyl Blackman ; 133 Col. .Joseph Kingsbury „., IIT Pioneer Grist-mill 221 Col. John Franklin ■'-■>i (.i:n i-:i;.vi,. Church, Baptist Church, Christain ...: . Church, Connrcgationalist Church, Ghent M. E Church, Hornbrook M. E. -SS Church, North Ghent M. E. 291 Church, Union Corners M. E Church, Universalist Claverack Claverack, proprietors .", Conclusion 28") 272 291 ) 512 (.'J 13 14 Death Record 318 Description 5 Distilleries -iOo Dorranoe's Expedition 24 Pacts of Interest 315 Ferries ^40 Floods 308 Franklin, Col. John 334 Habits and Customs ^16 Hartley's Expedition 25 Hartley, Col. Thomas 25 Hotels •. 304 Hunters and Hunting Matches 313 Mail Matters : 306 Marriages 208 Memorable Occurrences 311 Men of Mark '. 316 Mills 295 New Sheshequin 7 Newtychanning 39 Organization 7 Original Territory 9 People 6 Physicians '. 315 Pioneers 56 Political Matters 241 Population 7 Proprietaries of Pennsylvania 17' Red Man 23 Residents, 1820 186 Residents, 1840 205 Residents, Several years 204 Roads 226 Schools 267 Shad Pishing , 310 Sheshequin, 1795 168 Sheshequin, 1804 \ '. 169 yh('slif(|iiin, l^c'iinsyh iiiiiii Ti-rriturN Societies Soldiers. Civil War Soldiers, Revolutionary, etc ■)4;i Stores -HI Sulli\'an's Expedition Sullivan, Gen. John :,•_) Susi|uehanna Company 1,-, Tanneries :>(),-, Thrilling Incidents jH Training Days :t]'2 Ulster, Connecticut Territoiy .. D Ulster, Division 7 Ulster, Proprietors 12 Yankee and Ponnamite War ■ IH ■rid :!() KAJJILIIOS ANIi SICK'I'CIIKS. Avery. Christcjplier U:i Aver, Parley 19-1 Baldwin, Thomas 71 Barnard, Peter 173 Bartlett, Samuel 156 Bidlack, Cajit. James 152 Bidlack, James I5:i Billings, George 18w Blackman, David S l-'iii Blackman, Elisha ,.., 1.3B Blackman, Franklin 13i Blackman, Ichabod 131 Brink, Ben.jamin I.'i'i Brink, Benjamin, Jr 13S Brink, Daniel . ,. I'i^ Brink, Elijah 139 Brink, James l''!' Brink, John 13!l Brown, David 1"^^ Brown. Jesse ,., 1^!' .-J 70 Brown, Warren 181 Butler, Zebulon 161 Garner, Lodowick 151 Garner, Silas 151 Chaffee, Sullivan 201 Ghandler, John - ISi Cleveland, Henry 178 Cole, Benjamin 74 Cooley, Rufus M. .' 190 Culver, Daniel B. 145 Culver, James 145 Culver, Timothy 144 Davidson, Douglass 200 Deats, Henry 192 Deats, Joseph 192 Deats, William 192 Delpuech, Andrew 183 Demoney, James B. 191 Ditrich, John 178 Drake, Burgess 179 Elliott, John 174 Ferguson, William 140 Pish, Jabez 165 Forbes, John C 163 Forseman, Hugh 74 Franklin, Arnold 75 French, Aaron 189 Fretts, Abraham 202 Frink, Curtis I93 Puller, John 7j. Fuller, Nathaniel iqi Puller, Reuben 74. Fuller, Stephen 73 Qillett, Freeman 174 Gillett, Warren I81 Gillett, Zadoc 176 Gooding, George 185 fiori', Abraham H Gore, Avery Gore, Obadiah , Gore, Samuel Gore, Samuel K. (iore, Silas Griffin, Reuben Gustin, Eliphalot Hamlin, Asa Hemenway, Thaddeus Hill, Edmund ^.. .. Z Hiney, Henry Horton, Charles Horton, David Horton, Elijah Horton, Elijah '. Horton, Elijah M Horton, Gilbert Horton, Isaac Horton, Isaac S Horton, Joshua Horton, Richard Horton, Stephen Horton, William Horton, William B Hoyt, Samuel Jenks, R. .J Johnson, Robert Johnson, Thomas Kennedy Alex Kingsbury. Joseph Kinney, Charles Kinney, George Kinney, Guy Kinney, Henry L Kinney, Joseph Kinnev, Julia H '^*^' :;7S Kinney, Perky TO Kinney, Simon 65 ' Landrus, Lemuel 189 Lent, Joseph 19T Lent, Wm. J 198 Lovelace, Alanson 190 Low, Isaac 1 173 Lyons, John 174 Marshall, Josiah 141 Marshall, Samuel 142 Marshall, Thomas 142 Mastin, Earl 176 Merrill, George 204 Middaugh, Anthony 191 Minier, Elias 195 Moody, Nathaniel 186 Moore, Daniel 156 Murphy, George 108 McKinney, Henry 151 Newell, Abel 76 Newell, John. 76 Newell, John, Jr., 76 Newell, Josiah 76 Newell, Stephen 76 Omans, Geo. and John 144 Park, Amos 196 Park, Chester 190 Park, Moses , 117 Post, Adrian 157 Presher, William 164 Rippeth, Hugh 143 Rogers, Matthew 150 Rouse,Noel 193 Salisbury, Joseph 155 Segar, Ebenezer 162 Shaw, Benjamin 116 Shaw, Ebenezer 114 Shaw, Judt'diah il.'i Shaw, Jeremiah IVi Shaw, Jeremiah Jr lit; Shaw, Loriii 110 Sheeler, John IS'.l Shores, James l.lf) Skinner, Joseph E 191 Smith, James , 184 Smith, Jesse 1.7,1 Smith, John M 160 Smith, Jonas ,, ir/.i Snyder, Benjamin 119 Snyder, Jacob IH Snyder, John 119 Snyder, Peter 118 Snyder, Wilham 11^ Spalding, Joseph I'lT Spalding, John 60 Spalding, Robert l-2<» Spalding, Simon ■^'i Spalding, William W 119 Spencer, Nehemiah , 196 Stephenson, Benjamin 193 Thompson, Jonathan I''^'' Tompkins, Jabez 190 Tuttle, Josiah 1^3 Tyrrel, Loren D 199 Vancise, Abraham -'-'■^ Vancise, John C -"- Vancise, Samuel -"■' Vann. Thomas ^"*' Vibbert, George 1*^' Way, Wilham S '^^^ Webb, Andrew W ^1_*'' Woodburn, Moses ^^^ Wright, Matthew ^''[ Youna:, Reuben ' :-;s() APPENDIX. Associate Judges 356 Boroughs 354 Bradford County, organization 351 Bradford County, population 351 Clerks Orphan's Court, etc 359 County Commissioners 361 County Superintendents 364 District Attorneys 360 Franklin, Colonel John 334 Historical Memorandum 365 President Judges 354 Prothonotaries, etc 358 Sheriffs ." 357 Townships, formation, area, etc .^ 351