OLIN J 87 U83 Report Of The Governor Of Utah, Made To The Secretary Of The Interior Permt. Boards Exp date In hand 1879-1895 Incomplete 14 pieces TAKEOUT MATERIAL INSIDE I ■'^^. OR YCUa USE. DO NOT RE- MOVE GREY BOARD C'OVfRS FROM SHELF. fMS MATE?!A!l INSIDIE :ovcRS rKQjVi .iiieLF, 05(nx> J GOVEENOR OF UTAH MADH TO THE SKCRETARY OF THE INTERIOR THE YBA.Il 1879 WASHINGTON: ' &OVERNMENT PKINTING OFFICIT. 1879. Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924105020584 REPORT GOVERNOR OF UTAH MADE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR THE YE^R 1879 WASHIlirGTON: GOTEBNMENT PEINTINa OPFICE„ 1879. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH, Utah Teeeitobt, Executive Depautment, Salt Lake City, October 29, 1879. SiE : In compliauce with your request relative to a report of the con- dition of affairs in this Territory, I have the honor to submit the following : AGRICULTURE. The past season has been one of unusual drought, and in consequence the crops of this part of the country are light ; possibly one-half the usual amount of grain, vegetables, fruit, and hay have been produced here. The people depend more upon the snows which fall in the moun- tains and remain there during the summer for water to irrigate their lands than upon the rains. During last winter very little snow feU in this Territory ; the result has been a short supply of water and very meager crops. The largest streams in the Territory have gone dry, something never known before by the oldest settlers. The drought has been so severe that the waters of the Great Salt Lake have fallen four or five feet in depth. Horses, sheep, and cattle have suffered severely on the ranges for the want of water. Mountain streams went dry early in the season, and farmers have realized this year for the first time that they have more land under cultivation than they have available water in the country to irrigate. What has been known here for a few years past as " dry farming," that is, land sown in grain and dependent upon the rain for moisture, has whoUy failed this year. Notwithstanding the severity of the drought the crops produced will probably be sufficient to carry the people through the year, except, possibly, in a few localities. GtEAZma LANDS. The commission created by Congress at its last session for the purpose of visiting the Territories and States of the Pacific coast has visited us for the purpose of information as to what the government should do with existing tracts of country which can never be put to any use but grazing. This is a very pertinent inquiry. The government should take some measures to classify the public lands and adopt some methods whereby settlers and stock-growers can acquire rights to the grazing lands here, which constitute at least seven-eighths of the entire country. As the law now exists in the Territories there is no way whereby stock- growers and wool-growers can acquire any title, either by lease or pther- wise, to these pasturage-lands, and they are in a great measure unprotected. Jn the early days of ranching a rancher's rights were, to a considerable extent, respected by common consent, but such rights are disappearing. Till within a few years men took up their ranches and stocked them with 4 REPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. cattle, sheep, or horses, as the case may have been, and their claims.were respected by virtue of their being the first occupants and by priority of location, but as they had no legal title to the land and could acquire none from the government, and as stock increased in the country, these squatters' rights have been invaded. Another serious drawi)ack to the stock-growers of this country are immense herds of sheep, which have been driven into the Territories from California. Large flocks of fifteen, twenty, and thirty thousand sheep not unfrequently make their appearance here from the west. It is not so much the grass they eat that the settlers complain of, but they poison and kUl out what is known here as the buffalo or bunch grass, which is the only grass of any value indigenous to this soU. Where sheep range for one season there is left a barren waste upon which grass will not grow for several years after. If Congress would pass some law whereby parties can acquire rights to this pasturage, it would un- doubtedly be a source of revenue to the government as well as to parties engaged in stock and wool growing. MININ& LAJNDS AND LAWS. The mining laws of this country are very deficient in many respects. Instead of defining and settling miners' rights, they are often a fruitful source of litigation. Under them the most vexatious lawsuits have arisen, and are constantly arising, and so uncertain and unsettled are titles to mines and mining properties, that capitalists hesitate, and often refuse, to invest their money in them. A man's patent to his mine should be a perfect title to the property covered by his patent, and parties purchasing patented mines should be required to trace titles no further than to the patentees. . A person who discovers and locates a ' mine should be required, by law, to have his claim surveyed within a few months of its discovery — say three — and the survey made a matter of record in the surveyor-general's ofiQce ; and the exact distance and location of every such claim from some mineral monument should be stated in the survey. I would suggest the propriety of having the sur- veyor-general, through his deputies, cause an accurate survey of every mining district to be made as soon as the district is located, and also cause a sufilcient number of minei'al monuments to be erected in the district, in order that subsequent surveys of claims may tally exactly with the original survey of the district. I would further recommend that the law should fix the length and width of every claim , instead of leaving these limits to be decided by the miners of a district. I am of the opinion that more surface ground should be allowed to a mining claim — that every claim should be six or eight hundred feet wide ; if this is not enough, allow more, so that every miner can follow the dip of his vein as far as may be desirable and still be on his own ground. In other words, a mining claim should carry with it the right to work inside of its side and end lines, perpendicularly down, but not beyond these perpendicular lines. A miner's claim should be governed by the same rules as a city lot in respect to its side lines. I am aware" that this idea is unpopular with miners and mining engineers, but I think their objections to it are more or less selfish. Following the dip of mineral veins onto the ground of other parties is a most fruitful source of litigation. INDIANS, In this Territory there have been no troubles with the Indians during the past year, that I am aware of. A majority of them have abandoned llEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 5 their tribal relations, and are living in different parts of the Territory on little farms, and are supporting themselves by agriculture and by raising horses and cattle. They also devote a portion of their time to hunting, but are peaceable and friendly. The only reservation in Utah is at Uintah, situated about two hundred miles east of this city. This agency is under the control and management of Colonel Oritchlow, who has been stationed there for several years. He has under his man- agement some five or six hundred Indians, with whom he seems to get along remarkably weU. During the last few weeks the agent and em- ployes of the White Eiver Agency have been massacred, and the Indians are on the war-path ; yet the Uintah Utes, although neighbors, have re- mained at home in peace, and seem to be under the control of their agent. This certainly speaks well, not only for these Indians, but for their management. When the outbreak occurred at the White Eiver Agency, I appre- hended trouble at the Uintah Agency, and advised Colonel Critchlow to prepare for any emergency that might arise ; to strengthen his post by building a log fort if necessary, where he could have a supply of water. I offered to furnish him with guns and ammunition with which to defend himself and other white people about him. This suggestion he did not think weU of at first, but finally concluded to adopt it. It is to be hoped that Colonel Critchlow will have no trouble with his Indians, and it is hardly probable he will ; certainly not this year, if peace is made immediately with the Colorado Utes. MINING PEOSPERITY. Although the agriculturists among us have suffered severely during the past season, the mines have prospered. The business of mining has never been more prosperous or more profitable than at the present time, and it is regarded as a safer and more legitimate business than formerly. It has taken a series of years to educate mining men up to the business of mining and to conduct such enterprises with skill. New processes and better methods have been introduced for reducing ores, by which larger profits on them are realized. Ores which a few years ago were regarded as refractory and worthless, are now, under the new treatment, worked at a profit. In order to give you some idea of the extent to which mining is carried on in this Territory, I beg leave to submit the following extract taken from a report on the " Eesources of Utah" pre- pared recently by the Utah Board of Trade : From the end of 1870 to the end of 1878, as appears from the books of the Utah Cen- tral Railroad Company, there were shipped from Salt Lake City 76,912 tons of ore, 109,276 tons of argentiferous lead hullion, and 8, 197 tons of lead, worth in the aggi-egate quite 140,000,000. For the last three years the value of Utah's mineral out-turn, ascer- tained with great care and accuracy by J. E. Dooley, agent for Wells, Fargo & Co., at Salt Lake City, was $18,558,805.48. Most of the ores so far worked have been argen- tiferous galena, and the present depression in the price of lead decreases the profits realized from that kind of ores. But lead represents only $5,379,446 of the product of the last three years, against |13,137,033 of the precious metals ; and of last year but $811,068 against $5,224,580, or less than 16 per cent. And further, as the profit on lead has decreased, mines producing gold and silver ores proper have been discovered, or have risen into prominence. Such are the Ontario, which has paid 42 consecutive dividends of $50,000 each ; the mines of Silver Reef, which, first discovered two years ago, are now producing fine bullion at the rate of $100,000 per month ; and the gold mines in Bingham Canou, the ores of which, though of comparatively low grade, are very cheaply mined and milled, and occur, so far as work has shown, in veins or depos- its of extraordinary size and strength. There is not a county in the Territory wbere mines have not been located, and mining districts in greater or less number organized. Froiseth's new map of Utah shows 80 of these new mining districts, covering more than 1,000,000 acres, crowding each other most in Salt Lake, Utah, Juab, and Beaver 2u , 6 REPOET OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. Counties. Box Elder, Tooele, Millard, Pi Ute, and Iron Counties have a plentiful sprinkling of them. Wherever there are mountains the prospector has been and left his foot-prints in the shape of mining-districts. Very many of them are abandoned, true, but this is more often on account of inaccessibility, want of capital, and other unfavorable circumstances than because of the lack of merit or promise rff the mining locations. FINANCES. The finances of the Territory are in a most satisfactory condition. Thelre is no indebtedness that is not covered by uncollected taxes. The Territorial scrip, which three or four years since was worth only 40 cents on the dollar, to-day is worth 98 cents on the dollar. There is assessed annually an ad valorem tax on the taxable property in the Territory of Utah, as follows : three mills on the dollar for Territorial purposes ; three mills on the dollar for the benefit of district schools ; and such sum as the county courts of the several counties may designate for county pur- poses, not to exceed three mills on the dollar. KAILROADS. There have been built the past year, and are now in operation, some one hundred and fifty miles of additional railroads — about one hundred miles of broad-gauge railway and fifty miles of narrow-gauge. The broad-gauge extends from York, the former terminus of the Utah South- ern Eailroad, towards Frisco, situated in the southwestern part of the Territory, the mining district in which the famous Horn silver mine is located. The narrow-gauge railway, built the past year, runs from Springville, Utah County, to the coal-fields in Pleasant Valley, San Pete County. This road opens up a new and saperior quality of coal to any as yet discovered west of the Rocky Mountains. COTJKTS AND LAWS. Our Territorial courts are running smoothly and, I believe, satisfac- torily. The laws of the Territory I referred to in my last report; and as there has been no session of the legislature since, they remaiii un- changed. The above is respectfully submitted, trusting it will afford such infor- mation as will be desired concerning this Territory and its affairs. There are many matters here to which I could refer, but I doubt if they would be of interest to any one outside of Utah. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, • GEO. W. BMEEY, Governor of Utah Territory. Hon. C. SCHTJEZ, Secretary of the Interior. '3^ {^2.") tl on REPORT GOVERNOR OF UTAH MADE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR THE YEA.Il 1880. WASHIJnTGTON: G-OTEEWMENT PRINTING OPFICJIO 1880. REFOET GOVERNOR OF UTAH MADE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOB THE YE^R 1880. WASHINGTON": GOTEENMENT FEINTING OPPIOE, 1880. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Utah Territory, Exbctjtive Department, Salt Lake City, September 20, 1880. I have the honor to submit the following report of the condition of this Territory, in compliance with your request : PTJBLIO LANDS. • The United States land ofiBce at this point makes the following show- ing for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1880: Pre-emption filings, 302. Pre-emption cash entries, 113 ; embracing 16,392 acres. Homestead entries, 508 ; embracing 78,601 acres. Homestead proofs, 161; embracing 20,021 acres. Desert entries, 69 ; embracing 12,654 acres. Desert proofs, 38 ; embracing 5,089 acres. Timber-culture entries, 36 ; embracing 4,043 acres. Coal entries, 2 ; embracing 791 acres. Mineral applications, 156. Mineral entries, 101. Adverse mining claims, 116. This table shows an increase in the following class of entries over the preceding year : Homesteads, 6,600 acres. Final homesteads, 7,300 acres. Desert entries (proofs), 4,770 acres. Timber-culture entries, 1,700 acres. Mineral applications, 83 in number. Mineral entries, 24 in number. There has been a decrease in the following class of entries, viz: Pre emption filings, 320 in number. In cash entries, 2,100 acres. Desert entries, 175 acres. Adverse mining claims, 41 in number. The agricultural claims initiated as against the former year show a falling oft" of 30 ', although the acreage is slightly increased, while the proofs thereunder show an increase of 15. In other words, the agricul- tural settlements made in the past year were 915 agaiflst 1,224, and the proofs 312 against 297 in the preceding year. The falling off in the initiation of agricultural claims proves that a large per cent, of the farming lands which are surveyed in tiie Territory are taken up under the several acts granting rights to settlers. i 3 4 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. The most prominent feature of this table is the increase of mineral applications and mineral entries, the former more than doubling the number of any previous year, and the latter increasing about 24 per cent, over the preceding year. Notwithstanding this remarkable increase of ^neral applications there has been a corresponding decrease m the number of adverse mining claims filed, which fact speaks weU for the miuing industry of this Territory. CATTLE AND SHEEP. Prom the most reliable information that it is possible to obtain, I esti- mate the number of cattle in the Territory to be 200,000 head. There were driven from the Territory during the year past certainly not less than 50,000 head, at an average price of $15.50 per head. The number of sheep in this Territory will not fall short of 500,000, with a yield of wool of, say, 2,000,000 pounds, for which our raisers have re- ceived 20 cents per pound. The winter ranges for the most part are rapidly filling with population, which, of course, crowds the stock men off of them. The excess of sum- mer over winter ranges is in the ratio of 3 to 1 at present. The fact that the winter ranges .have been overstocked, rendering them worth- less for the present, is another reason for the difference between them .and the summer ranges. Without legislation by Congress that will allow stock-raisers to obtain rights other than those given by common consent, this very important branch of industry must continue to retire before the demands of in- creasing population. AGRICULTURE. Notwithstanding the dearth of water during the summer of 1879, which in some localities left very short crops, the yield of wheat, oats, and bar- ley proved to be an average one. The potato crop, as a rule so exten- sive and superior, proved a very short one, but the crop for 1880 will be abundant. The summer of '79, with very little rain-fall and au excep- tional scarcity of water from the mountain snows, was followed by a se- vere and prolonged winter, proving deleterious to the crops of 1880. Corn, which is by no means a reliable growth, on account of the excep- tionally late spring, was given a very small acreage by our farmers. Lucerne to a great degree has taken the place of corn ; being to a degree independent as to length of season and quantity of water, its thrifty growth and immense yields commend its cultivation. Lands that yield only ten bushels of wheat to the acre will readily yield eight tons per acre of lucerne. Three harvests, and oftentimes lour, are gathered dur- ing the season, after it has become well set; in fact, in the southern part of the Territory five cuttings are made, yielding ten tons to the acre. DRY FARMING. The large tracts of land unoccupied by reason of the cost in having irrigating canals reach them, and oftentimes an impossibility to obtain sufficient water by irrigation at any cost, joined with an increasing pop- ulation seeking homes, has caused dry farming to be greatly increased. Upon such farms last year from ten to twenty bushels per acre of wheat was raised. Many engaged in this apparently hopeless task continue their work from year to year, and are tenacious in their purpose to in- crease the acreage. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 5 WATER. Throughout the Territory irrigating canals are yearly increased and improved upon. Much land heretofore untilled is constituted thereby into farm homes. It is observable also that a. greater acreage is from year to year cultivated with the same amount of water. This is secured* by an economical distribution in the fields through which the streams or canals pass. When the water of twelve months that flows down the canons is garnered in reservoirs, and these are supplemented by artesian wells with which to supply the crops in growing season, the now sage lands in the valleys of Utah will more than double their present product. POPULATION. The population of Utah is far beyond that of any Territory in the his- tory of the United States. In 1870 the population was 86,786. In 1880 it is shown to be 145,000, an increase of over 58,000 souls. The mines of the Territory, with their attendant business, have drawn, I may safely say, of this 58,000 increase, fifty per cent. The other fifty per cent, is natural increase, and the result of the labors of the missionaries sent out mto all the world by " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints," which, besides increasing the population of Utah, is contributing largely to the population of the surrounding States and Territories. MINES. I know of no fact why it may not reasonably be claimed that Utah will prove the richest repository of silver, gold, < oal, and lead, and other minerals, of all the States and Territories of the West. Certainly no four hundred miles of mountain ranges have produced as many mines of immense yields, and so many mining prospects, as the suggestions of science and practical observation make those of Utah appear. The practice of capitalizing mining prospects at fabulous sums is to be con- demned. Eesponsible mining men are reducing mining enterprises to a practical business basis. This will, as it should, tend to renewed confidence, and increased capital applied in a legitimate way to the development of ore bodies, instead of gambling in " wild cat" mining stocks, so unwarrantably and disastrously indulged in in the past. Many mining districts heretofore inaccessible are now in close con- nection by railroads with the markets. Much of the ore, on account of its low grade, has not heretofore paid to mine; but which now, on account of superior methods in extracting and reducing the ore, is made protitable. As a rule, the men who own the best prospects are not able to develop them for lack of means. Capital is needed, and with any- thing like reasonable business judgment can be made to realize most gratifying results. From Col. O. J. HoUister and Mr. J. E. Dooley I have obtained the following statement of the mining products of Utah, which, I feel assured, is a very correct record, viz: $21,000,000 in value is the esti- mate of the Territory's output down to the end of 1875, usually received, based on records kept by Professor Barfoot, of the Salt Lake Museum. Fortunately the output of 1876-7-8-9 has been accurately figured and stated at the close of each of those years, by J. E. Dooley, agent of Wdls, Fargo & Co., at Salt Lake City, and is of record. 6 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. It was for 1876 : Lead, 50,401,893 pounds, at 6 cents $3,024,113 00 Copper, 657,539 pounds, atSO cents 131,507 00 Silver, 1,946,915 ounces, at fl.lO 2,141,606 00 Gold, 8,880 ounces, at $20.69 182,309 00 Total 5.479,535.00 It was for 1877 : Lead, 54,936,080 pounds, at 3 cents |1, 648, 082 00 Silver, 4,359,703 ounces, at |1.20 5,231,643 60 Gold, 17,325 ounces, at |20.60 356,895 00 Total 7,236,620 60 It was for 1878 : Lead, 40,414,359 pounds, at If cents $707,251 28 Refined lead, 2,620,422 pounds, at 4 cents 104,816 88 Copper matte, 1,259, 100 pounds, estimated value 22, 034 25 Copper pigs, 19,737 pounds, estimated value 2, 066 83 Silver, 4,3.57,328 ounces, at $1.13 4,923,780 64 Gold, 15,040 ounces, at$20 300,800 00 Total , 6,060,»49 88 It was for 1879 : Lead, 26,441,359 pounds, at 2i cents $594,930 00 Refined lead, 2,301,267 pounds, at 4^ Cents 103,557 OO Silver, 3,835,047 ounces, at $1.10 4,218,551 OO Gold, 15,932 ounces, at $20.67 329,314 00 Total 5,246,352 OO Summary. Prior to 1876 $21,000,000 00 1876 5,479,535 00 1877 7,237,832 OO 1878 ■ 6,071,125 00 1879 5,246,352 00 Total 45,034,844 00 The average output for the last four calendar years was a little more than $6,000,000 yearly. The product for the calendar year 1879 as given above is its export value in Salt Lake City. Computing the precious metals after the style of California and Nevada, viz, at their mint valuation, and the lead at its value in New York City, it would increase the value to $6,663,676.10, as follows : Deducting five per cent, for actual loss in refining lead, 27,,520,568 pounds, at 5 cents, average New York price $1, 376, 028 00 3,835,047 ounces silver, at $1.2929, mint valuation 4, 958, 333 26 15,932 ounces gold, at $20.67, mint valuation .' ' 329! 314 44 Total for 1879 6,663,676 10 And other years proportionately. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 7 RAILROADS. I give the different roads, their gauge, weight of rails, and miles, and the number of miles opened during the last year, all of which speaks -well for the business of the Territory, viz : Gauge. Name. Miles. Weight of rails. 4 feet 8i iBcbes. 4 feet 8| inclieB. 3.feet 4 feet 8J inches. 4 feet 8J inches. 4 feet 8^ inches. 3feet 3feet 3feet 4 feet 8J inches. 3feet Central Pacific Railroad , Union Pacific Railroad ... .- Utah and Northern I^ilroad Utah Central Railroad, Ogden to Salt Lake City, opened Janu- ary, 1870 Utah Southern Railroad, Salt Lake Ctt.y to Juab, Juab County, opened to Sandy. September, 1871,1o Juab, June, 1879 Utah Southern Railroad extension, Juab to Frisco, opened to Milford, May. 18S0, to Frisco, July, 1880 ...;.. Utah Western Railroad, Salt Lake City to Stockton, Utah Ter- ritory, opened January, 1875 Wasatch and Jordan Valley and Bingham Cafion Railroads, opened from Sandy to Granite, 1872,' to Alta, 1876 . . Utah and Pleasant Valley Railroad, Provo to i*leasant Valley, opened October, 1879 ' .' , Summit County Railroad, constructed by the Union Pacific Rail- road, to run from Echo to Park City, fourteen miles complete, about sixteen miles to build, will be finished by November 1. . . Utah Eastern Railroad, Coalville to Park City, twenty-three miles graded, and to becompleted November 1, 1880, to be con- tinued to Salt Lake City 164 71 77 36^ 105 137 40 44 35 23 Pounds. 56 56 30 56 56 56 30 30 30 56 A working survey is now being made by the Union Pacific engineers to demonstrate the practicability of a line from Brigham City, Utah, to Portland, Oreg. This line, if built, besides opening up a vast territory, will greatly shorten the line from the east to Yokohama, Japan. INDIANS. At the Uintah Reservation, in the northeast part of the Territory, there are about four hundred and fifty Indians who receive government sup- plies. In addition to these there is a small band living in Thistle Val- ley cultivating farms, and having in several instances disavowed their tribal relations. At the Uintah Agency there are 115 families, and of these some eighty -five are engaged in farming operation.--, and others, with a few exceptions, in stock-raising. Two hundred and fifty acres, however, is the aggregate, for this year, of land cultivated by them. This is less than in previous years, owing to a scarcity of seed, wheat having been used for subsistence last winter. Colonel , Critchlow, in charge of that agency for a number of years, in his report of the year last past speaks at length of their conduct during the White River troubles, highly commending them. Although intimately related and always friendly with the White River Utes, they expressed no sympathy for them in hostility, and he now says of them that they express their gratification at the prospect of an amicable settlement of these diiflcult ties. The Presbyterian Board of Missions has entered into a contract with the government andpropose, atan early day, establishing a school for Indian children at this agency. Colonel Critchlow anticipates much benefit in future years, both to children and adults, from the educating and Christianizing intiuences of this school and mission. In the viciuity of Plainfield, situated on the eastern border of the Ter- ritory south of "the Uintah Agency and near the La Sal Mountains, the inhabitants have felt much uneasiness on account of the bearing and 8 EEPOET OP THE GOVEENOE OP UTAH. trespasses of a number of Indians that frequent that section. The set- tlers are at their mercy, and with this point protected I can say the con- dition of Indian affairs in Utah is satisfactory, in so far as it is possible for me to know. SOCIAL CONDITION. The Territory of Utah stretches from the 37th to the 42d degree of latitude. With the exception of Utah there is now a solid line of States from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans. Between the same latitude and between the oceans lie twenty of the thirty-eight States of the Union. With the great roadways of the continent running through and joining within her borders; with the climate of this parallel, made lovely by altitude and softened by its location in the great basin be- tween the Eocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, including in its population a large number of thrifty industrious, law-abiding and law- loving people ; with all this there remains a reason why Utah should be denied statehood, possessing, as she does, requisites which, otherwise, would entitle her to be a State. The United States should give to Utah a good government; as it is she possesses "the shadow, but not the sub- stance of government." There has not been that thrifty growth her valleys, mines, and situation entitle her to. As it is, Utah can never be American and in accord with a people whose highest allegiance is to the flag of the United States. And as long as Utah is allowed to remain with her present practices, organization and laws, it cannot be said that this government deals out equal and exact justice to all its citizens. It cannot be claimed that the United States sees to it that her laws are fairly and surely executed. If not the chief corner-stone, at least a continuing practice of " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints" is polygamy, defended by its members, practiced by them, and solemnized with secret rites, without civil or church record, and by reg- ularly appointed officers of the church. The church dictates, suggests, 01- its influences control all things spiritual or secular among its people. The officers of the church, and those in polygamy, to a great extent flU the offices in the Territory, enact its laws and execute them. Congress passed, in 1862, a law forbidding polygamy, and prescribed penalties. This law, I am sure, is approved by the entire law-abiding and well- thinking people of the United States from Maine to Texas. It has been adjudged by the Supreme Court to be constitutional, and yet the gov- ernment for years has permitted the law to be ruthlessly thj-ust aside and others to be enacted that practically obstruct the statute, so as to make it impossible to convict under it, and allow the Territory to be governed in such a way as to put a premium on crime, and further per- mit the guilty ones to be sent to the legislature and to Congress, and paid for their record and services out of the Treasury of the United States. Why should the Government of the United States allow one of its citizens to be sentenced to the penitentiary, say in New York, for viola- ting a law of Congress and allow another here to go unwhipped in wilfully violating a law similarly passed and be promoted to office as a premium for his crime ? Congress should wipe out its statute against polygamy, remove every officer who is sworn to see its laws executed, furnish free transportation to a quarter section of free land to each of the thousands of non-Mormons who with their stout hearts and strong muscles have made homes in this part of their country, repeal all laws objection- able to the dominant church here, so that the Territory may be run under ecclesiastical suggestion, pass a law constituting this an independent REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. " polygamous State,.a thing apart from the " wicked people " of the United States ; or it should at once make it possible to execute the laws already passed. One or the other. Sheer justice to the thousands of children yet to be born with illegitimacy as their birth-mark under this illegal and indecent system, mercy to the first and only wife, when lustful or religiously fanatical husbands thrust them aside for new and fresher- companions, respect for its own laws, equal and exact justice to all, — these and more make plaintive demands of Congress for speedy and sure adjustment of the wrongs; the termination of contentions that curse this goodly land and must continue to^do so until proper legisla- tion brings relief. Time will not prove the remedy. It is revelation (so-called) against statute law. If the United States proposes that Utah and several other of its Territories — soon to be overspread by emigration — is to be gov- erned by revelation, well and good. If, however, it proposes in the fu- ture as in the past to govern by laws of Congress applicable for all the people, then it is all wrong. It is the right against the wrong. If Con- gress is right, if the Supreme Court is right, if the President is right, if the people of the United States are right on this question, then this idea here persisted in is wrong, as it tends, it has been claimed, and does practically unite church and state, enslaves this people, constitutes them law-breakers, and the whole un-American. RBOOMMBNDATION. In so far as practical take the old statute of 1787, enacted by the fathers of our country, and under which the Territory of the great Northwest was formed, and under which so many States passed through their Teiritorial condition, and, in so far as practicable, later enactments, ,by which the District of Columbia is governed, and from that basis frame a statute for the government of Utah. Constitute a commission composed of the governor, the judges, and, say, three or five citizens of the Territory, they to be appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and by this means establish a government here that will be in unison with American civilization, and will prove a government not only "for the people but by the people." J again say time will not prove the remedy. 1 earnestly hope for a peaceful solution of the problem here. Every effort with that end in view shall be, as it has been, mine. The Government of the United States, and those charged with the execu- tion of its laws cannot, as they ought not, be dishonest in dealing with this question and the people here. A code of impartial, just, and uni- form laws, with the means to administer it, and a fair and merciful exe- cution of the laws is the peaceable solution. There are other, and possibly more grievous wrongs, inflicted through legislation within the Territory of which I cannot well go into in a re- port of this nature, but which the plan suggested will remedy. Further legislation is essential. I trust Congress will not delay con- sideration of this very important matter, and I respectfully suggest this action. I have the honor to be, Mr. Secretary, most respectfully, ELI H. MUEEAT, Governor. The Hon. Seoeetaky of the Inteeioe. 2 UTAH OUK. VJ«3 EEPOET 30YER]N^0E OF UTAH, MADE TO THE SECRETAEY OF THE INTERIOR THE YE^R 1883. • WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PBINTINa OFFIOB 1883. REPORT GOYEENOE OF UTAH MADE TO THE SEORETAET OF THE INTEEIOE, THE YEAR 1883. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1883. 6032 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH Teeeitoet op Utah, Executive Opfioe, Salt Lake City, September 16, 1883. SiE : In compliance with your request, I have the honor to submit the following report : The questions of government arising under the unusual condition of society here are those which are at once different from other commu- nities and other governments, either State or Territorial, in the United States. These questions are of absorbing interest to the people of the Territory of Utah and of primary interest to the Government. If it be a, fact that conditions here are different from other Territories, then it follows as a sequence that exceptional legislation must be enacted. While other matters might be presented to you in a formal report, I feel it a duty, which it would be more pleasant to avoid, to confine my- self to the questions of absorbing interest and primary importance. That there are wrongs in Utah I regret. That the Government and those charged with the duty of enforcing the laws cannot and ought not to compromise with wrong I am sure will not be questioned. Among other duties imposed upon the governor by the act of Con- gress organizing the Territory is one that " He should take care that the laws be faithfully executed." Under the oath of ofiBce charging me with this duty I have endeav- ored to execute the laws of Congress and of the Territory with fidelity and mercy, and with whatever ability I possessed. A combination to nullify laws of Congress has long continued in Utah. This conspiracy led to open rebellion at one time, and continues to evade and defeat the plain will of Congress and the President and the adjudication of the supreme court. The theory, adroitly advanced by many interested by business rela- tions, and emanating from those engaged in this long-continued combi- nation to defeat the execution of the laws of the United States, to the effect that time and railroads would prove the remedy, is wrong. While I am satisfied that many intelligent and thinking people at a distance have accepted this theorj', I am sure its acceptance by Congress and the country means mischief in the future. Therefore I am impelled to warn you, Mr. Secretary, and through you the country, of dangers that beset the Government in this another " irrepressible conflict," and to make in this report an earnest plea for the adjustment of all wrongs and the establishment of good government in Utah by Congress, which undoubtedly possesses the power, and which I may be pardoned in say- ing I believe to be its duty to do quickly. The power to j)romptly enforce the laws and to preserve the peace 4 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. in SO doing cannot rightly be denied to those charged with their exe' cution. The history of all States and Territories demonstrates that times come when military aid is necessary to support the civil authority. I know of no reason that takes Utah out of the rule. Under the law and the proper proclamations of my predecessors the militia of Utah, pur- posely organized to be independent of Federal authority, is not and cannot be made available. It therefore only remains for this Territory that the military force of the United States be made available, and I present with the necessity the recommendation that it be made lawful for soldiers of the United States to be used for the execution of process out of the courts of the United States \^ the hands of the United States marshal of Utah, and that their services, under proper restrictions, in case of riot, of insurrec- tion, domestic violence, and for the preservation of the peace may more readily be made effective than under the present provision of law. I trust, however, such security to person and property as is right and which every citizen may reasonably expect will be granted to all alike here. By an act of Congress in 1850 the Territory of Utah was formed. I find that since 1852 there has at no time been a lawful Territorial , government. Section 7 of this organic act provides : That all to-wnsMp, district, and covmty officers not herein other-wise provided for shall be appointed or elected, as the case may be, in such manner as shall be provided by the governor and legislative assembly of the Territory of Utah. The governor shall nominate and, by and with the advice of the legislative council, appoint all officers not herein otherwise provided for, &o. Under this act of Congress the counties of Utah were properly organ- ized. But the legislature joined with Brigham Young, the governor of the Territory, by pretext of different Territorial statutes, and in order to place the Territory out of a future executive control and beyond Federal influence made provision for their appointment or election in ways not authorized by but directly in opposition to the expressed will of Congress. While other Territories with like provisions have carried on their governments in accordance with law Utah has persisted in maintaining its unlawful government, in spite of the act of Congress, the adjudication of the supreme court of the Territory of Utah, and the later opinion of the honorable the commissioners under the law known as the Edmunds act. Discharging the duty imposed upon me by Congress, and which had theretofore been upheld by the supreme court of the Territory, I nomi- nated to the council persons for the different Territorial ofRces. Among other things, I said in nominating them that — Such officers must necessarily be named in the manner designated by Congress. Their election or appointment in any other way under an act of the legislative power of the Territory, which derives its power from the provisions of the self-same law i» nullification. ' This power was exercised by Brigham Young, the first governor of the Territory For many years, with few exceptions, this part .of the provisions of this organic act has been avoided and di-sregarded, and such officers have been elected and appointed in other and different ways than that prescribed by act of Congress. The council declined to confirm or reject them, asserting that the power given by Congress had passed out of the hands of the governor by different Territorial statutes cited by them, and resolved That the complaint of his excellency the governor is groundless and his nominations ■unnecessary, and that no action thereon is required. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 5 And the unlawful Territorial government, which for over thirty years has existed in the face of Congress and the country, exists today. The failure to hold the August election in 1882 under the Edmunds law, as only under its provisions it could be held, was provided for by an act of Congress known as the Hoar amendment. In obedience to its provisions I appointed a number of persons to fill the vacancies oc- casioned by the failure to elect. Many of those so appointed qualified over vexatious obstacles thrown in their way from one end of the Ter- ritory to the other, and made legal demand for the offices to which they had been appointed. The unanimity and universality of the refusal that followed through- out the entire Territory could only on this earth perhaps be seen in Utah. Many laws of Congress have been nullified in Utah, and this law was defeated with the usual " oneness," and I must say with an apparent familiarity with the business in hand. The lawfully appointed officers instead of appealing to force appealed to the courts. The supreme oourt of the Territory sustained the act of Congress and the action of the governor, but the technicalities and delays of the law consequent upon appeals and the stay of proceedings resulted as usual in the Ter- ritory in a failure, and polygamists and worse held on and exercised the functions of office, and to-day many so hold who are not entitled under the law to cast a vote. The officers who universally join in this combination to defeat the law of Congress held and hold their authority from the Congress they de- fied and whose law they made a nullity. It is not reasonable to suppose that the laws can be faithfully exe- cuted when the governor under the law can only rely upon those who combine to defeat it. Therefore Congress must provide other and differ ent agencies to enable a governor to " take care that the laws are faith- fully executed." CHTJKCH AND STATE. The absolute separation of church and state was by the founders ot our Government and the writers of our Constitutions made a principal factor in its foundation. Several of the original States went so far as to forbid an ecclesiastic from holding any public office. This history, so well understood from the debates and traditions and the surroundings of our national birth, made unquestionable their purpose then, as it is my desire now, to protect the Government as against the encroachments of the church. The first article of amendment to the Constitution declares " that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," &c. The church then, as the church now, and here in Utah, needs no pro- tection against the Government of the United States, for the reason that the Government then was and now is the fortress of civil and relig- ious liberty. That man or that set of men, be they what they may, who assert and teach a doctrine so infamous deserve the condem- nation of all men, and must and will receive the condemnation of a Gov- ernment that protects all men in the right "to worship God according to the dictates of conscience." This guarantee, sacred to all, is right. It should be maintained always, everywhere, and by all, but never abused. It is true, however, that law-breakers and law-deflers and nulliflers of the law in Utah, who enjoy it in common with all citizens of this 6 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. country and of every denomination and faith, have abused it and do abuse It. Continually and deftly it is used by those who abuse it, and the man engaged in other affairs is misled in considering what is wrong- fully termed the " Utah problem." If the question of religion or relig- ious belief enters at all into an intelligent discussion of the question in a governmental sense, which I doubt, it then and certainly must be un- der the first prohibition, " that Congress shall make no law respecting- an establishment of religion," rather than under the second, " or pro- hibiting the free exercise thereof." I beg, on this important point, in considering the question, to pre- sent some facts of history, such as I may properly do in the report I have the honor to make, a question with which we are now grappling,, and which, when calmly considered under the light of the Constitution,, can leave no justifiable grounds of difference of opinion in reason or in law. The question,, then, is not whether Congress has or may prohibit the free exercise of religion, for that has been decided under the law of 1862 by the Supreme Court in the test case of Eeynolds, but whether the Territorial legislative assembly in Utah, an agency of the Greneral Government, created by Congress and paid as such out of the Treasury of the United States, has not made law upon law respecting an estab- lishment of religion. The Constitution does not say Congress shall not establish religion. The provision is more comprehensive. It forbids any law respecting an establishment of religion. What are the facts "? A band of men, many of them good, but undoubtedly misguided, profess- ing in common a religious belief, ejected from Ohio and going to Mis- souri, ejected from Missouri and going to Illinois (incorporating in their system of to-day features and practices more abhorrent than any known then), ejected from Illinois, turned their backs on the United States, witli the avowed purpose of going to the shore of the Pacific Ocean, then a for- eign country. These people were possessed of a fanatical dream of es- tablishing a polygamic empire that was to supplant this and all other governments. Helped in their helplessness and poverty and distress across the plains by the Government, guided in their journey by reports furnished by the War Department at Washington, whose offtcers had traversed and surveyed the roads and mountains and valleys, they set- tled in this valley with its river and lake. The willows that marked the mountain streams gave evidence that the soil needed but a touch of culti- vation to yield a ready response. A valley in which numbers of the earlier pioneers who passed farther to the West had looked upon with admiration and left for the fortunate pioneers that were to follow. The purpose of going to the Pacific coast having been abandoned, the younff men who as a favor had been mustered into the service by the Govern- ment and paid in advance, and known as the Mormon Battalion hav- ing gone on to California by the southern route, returned from 'their battleless march but creditable service, and three days after the arrival of the pioneers joined them where Salt Lake City is now situated With their pay and horses and arms material aid was given to this set- tlement, which, under the flag of the United States, by both pioneers and battalion, was made on a Territory which under our treaty with Mexico afterward became the property of the United States. Steps were at once taken looking to the establishment of a State gov- ernment. A vast territory was mapped out from the northern boundary of Mexico to the waters of the Columbia River in the north and from the Sierra jS^evada Mountains in the west to the mountains whose waters flow into the Gtilf of Mexico, and a constitution adopted to govern "until REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. T the Congress of the United States shall otherwise provide for the gov- ernment of the Territory hereinafter described by admitting us into the Union." That we, the people, grateful to the Supreme Being, &c., do ordain and establish a free and independent government, by the name of the State of Deseret." Among others the following act was passed : AN OKDINANCE incorporating tlie Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, approved Fehnaarjr- 8, 1851. Section 1. Be it ordained, That all that portion of the inhabitants of said State- which now are or hereafter may hecome residents therein, and which are known as "the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints," are hereby incorporated, consti- tuted, made, and declared a body corporate, with perpetual succession under the original name and style of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, with fulE power to sue and be sued, defend and be defended, in all courts of law and equity in. this State ; to establish, order, and regulate worship, and hold and occupy real and personal estate, and have and use a seal, which they may alter at pleasure. Sec. 2. And ie it further ordained, That said body or church as a religious society may at a general or special conference elect one "trustee in trust," and not to exceedl twelve assistant trustees, to receive, hold, buy, sell, manage, use, and control the real and personal property of said church, which said property shall be free from taxation ; which trustee and assistant trustees, when elected or appointed, shall give bonds witb approved security in whatever sum the said conference may deem sufficient for tha faithful performance of their several duties, which said bonds when approved shall be filed in the general church recorder's office at the seat of general church business. When said bonds are approved by said conference and said trustee and assistant trustees shall continue in office during the pleasure of said church, and there shall also be made by the clerk of the conference of said church a certificate of such election or appointment of said trustee and assistant trustees, which shall be recorded in the general church recorder's office at the seat of general church business. And when said bonds are filed and said certificates recorded said trustee or assistant trustees may receive property, real or personal, by gift, donation, bequest, or in any manner not incompatible with the principles of righteousness or rules of justice, inasmuch as. the same shall be used, managed, or disposed of for the benefit, improvement, erection of houses for public worship and instruction, and the well-being of said church. Sec. 3. And le it further ordained, That as said church holds the constitutional anct original right in common with all civil and religious communities " to worship God according to the dictates of conscience," to reverence communion agreeable to the- principles of truth, and to solemnize marriage compatible with the revelations otr Jesus Christ ; for the security and full enjoyment of all blessings and privileges em- bodied in the religion of Jesus Christ free to all ; it is also declared that said e&urcli! does and shall possess and enjoy continually the power and authority in and af itsellr to make, pass, and establish rules, regulations, ordinances, laws, customs, and crite- rions for the good order, safety, government, conveniences, comfort, and control of said chnch, and for the punishment or forgiveness of all offenses relative to fellowshi p,. according to church covenants; that the pursuit of bliss and the enjoyment of life, in every capacity of public association and domestic happiness, temporal expansion or spiritual increase may not be legally questioned : Provided, however, That each and every act or practice so established or adopted for law or custom shall relate to- solemnities, sacraments, ceremonies, consecrations, endowments, tithings, marBiages, fellowship or the religious duties of man to his Maker; inasmuch as the doetrine,. principles ' practices, or performances support virtue and increase morality and ar not inconsisient with or repugnant to the Constitution of the United States or of this State, and are founded in the revelations of the Lord. Sec. 4. And leitfurther ordained, That said Church shall keep at every full organize branch or stake a registry of marriages, births, and deaths ftee for the inspection of all members and for their benefit. Sec. 5. And be it further ordained, That the presidency of said church shall fill all vacancies of the assistant trustees necessary to be filled until superseded by the con- ference of said church. . , ^i , i i , „^ Sec 6. And be it farther ordained. That no assistant trustee or trustees shall transact, business in relation to buying, selling, or otherwise disposing of church property without the consent or approval of the trustee in trust of said church. Is this or was it a law " respecting an establishment of religion " f It will be remembered that when Congress declined to admit Deseret into the Union it provided a Territorial form of goverument under tha S REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. name of Utah. The legislature of Utah, by an act approved October 4, 1^51, re-enacted this and all laws passed by the State of Deseret. Besides usual powers granted to church corporations for legitimate business purposes, but only for the purpose of worship, here is granted •'' the unusual power to establish, order, and regulate worship." It created the heretofore unknown general ofBce of " trustee in trust." Not designed to create trustees to hold property for purposes of wor- ship only, in an unqualified sense it established them as trustees to hold, buy, sell, manage, dispose, &c., the real and personal property of the «hurch ; in other words, to possess, hold, and sell farms, stores, railways, banks', telegraphs, theaters, cattle, sheep, &c., such as is now held by the church, all of " which said property shall be free from taxation," ^c. Bonds of these trustees were to be executed and filed where ? In the office of the county recorder or secretary of the Territory, as with ^ther corporations ? No, but in the church recorder's office. At the -county seat ? No, but at the " seat of general church business." These trustees to continue in office at the "pleasure of said church," and to receive real and personal property "in any manner " "not in- compatible with the principles of lighteousness," and to be free from taxation ; and all this enacted by a legislature created by Congress as •an agency, and paid for their labor respecting an establishment of re- ligion out of the Treasury of the United States. The third section defines the right to worship God according to the ■dictates of conscience, which is right ; but, further, it granted power to this organization for the punishment or forgiveness of all offenses rela- tive to fellowship, and solemnly declared that the pursuit of bliss and -enjoyment of life in every capacity of public association and domestic happiness " may not legally be questioned." That is, that which is already established may not in so far as law is ■concerned be inquired into or questioned. Under prescribed conditions we find a legislative enactment and guarantee that these particular doc- trines are founded in the revelation of the Lord. The word " inasmuch" is used where " in so far" would have been used had there been no pur- pose to establish a religion and to confer power upon ecclesiastical courts to visit pains and penalties, even to that of death, in all matters *' relative to fellowship according to church covenants." Section four of this act required a registry of marriages, not for public inspection, but for the inspection of all members and for their benefit. The courts of Utah so far have failed to have these registries produced to them or to find any man who would testify more than that such registry records were kept somewhere and by somebody. This act to-day stands in the compiled laws of Utah i)ublisbed bv au- thority in 1876. "^ In 1862 Congress passed the following law : Chaptbe CXXXI.-AN ACT to punish and prevent the practice of polygamy in the Territories of the United States and other places o^^ .i>=i«n™-f" j n- — f^^y," •■' ™ .oo ui hud hly of the Territory of tltah. w * S,'^^^ *°* J ftl*",?^' ^"^ disapproving and annulling certain acts of the legislative assem- Se it enacted hy the Senate and Rouse of Bepresentalives of the United States of America in Congress assemUed, That every person, having a husband or wife living who shall marry any other person, whether married or single, in a Territory of the United States •or other place over which the United States have exclusive jurisdiction shall ex- cept in the cases specified in the proviso to this section, be adjudged guilty of bisramv and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a flue not exceeding five hundred ;dollars and by imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years : Pronded, nevertlielese. That this section shall not extend to any person by reason of any former marriaee whose husband or wife by such marriage shall have been absent for five successive .years without being known to such person within that time to bo Uviug nor to any REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. it person by reason of former marriage which shall have been dissolved by the decree of a competent court, nor to any person by reason of any former marriage which shall have been annulled or pronounced void by the sentence or decree of a competent court on the ground of nullity of the marriage contract. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the following ordinance of the provisional government of the State of Deseret, so called, namely, "An ordinance incorporat- ing the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints," passed February 8, 1881, and adopted, re-enacted, and made valid by the governor and legislative assembly of the Territory of Utah by an act passed January 19, in the year 1855, entitled "An act in relation to the compilation and revision of the laws and resolutions in force in Utah Territory, their publication and distribution," and all other acts and parts of acts heretofore passed by the said legislative assembly of the Territory of Utah, which establish, support, maintain, shield, or countenance polygamy, be, and the same hereby are, disapproved and annulled ; Provided, That this act shall be so limited and construed as not to affect or interfere with the right of property legally ac- quired under the ordinance heretofore mentioned, nor with the right " to worship God according to the dictates of conscience," but only to annul all acts of law which es- tablish, maintain, protect, or countenance the practice of polygamy, evasively called spiritual marriage, however disguised by legal or ecclesiastical solemnities, sacra- ments, ceremonies, consecrations, or other contrivances. Sbc. 3. And ie it further enacted, That it shall not be lawful for any corporation or association for religious or charitable purposes to acquire or hold real estate in any Territory of the United States during the existence of the Territorial government of a greater value than fifty thousand dollars, and all real estate acquired or held by and such corporations or association contrary to the provisions of this act shall be for- feited and escheat to the United States ; Provided, That existing vested rights in real estate shall not be impaired by the provisions of this section. Approved July 1, 1862. Whether the second section of the above act unqualifiedly disap- proves the act of incorporation is perhaps questionable. The courts of Utah have held that for purposes of criminal prosecution, as where property of the church had been stolen, it still had an existence. This decision probably rests on the provision relating to property rights. The judicial decision has obtained in a civil case because of the diflti- culty arising under the statutes as to what officer was the proper one to institute proceedings in this and like cases, the local laws imposing such duty on the attorney-general, and no such ofiSce exists. Repealed or not the fact remains that the trustee in trust continues with his assistants to buy and sell and to receive in matters not for pur- poses of worship. Joined with this is another and more reprehensible crime. The busi- ness of government is under a perfected system continually carried on, and courts not open to all citizens and unknown to Oougress constantly sit with usurped powers like unto those conferred under the act of incor- poration, dealing with affairs of men not only spiritual but temporal. Notwithstanding the third section of the law of Congress of 1862, de- claring "that it shall not be lawful for any corporation or association for religious or charitable purposes to acquire or hold real estate of a greater value than $50,000 within any Territory," this corporation or association, according to the last United States census, possessed property within one county to the amount of $2,500,000. This law is nullified by placing the title to property of the church in the name of different trustees, presidents of stakes, bishops, and other authorized agents. What amount of property is thus unlawfully held throughout the counties of the Territory I cannot with certainty estimate, and it was found impossible so to estimate by the agents of the United States in the last census. Notwithstanding the law of 1862 denouncing bigamy as a crime, and the adjudication of the Supreme Court, I find that it has been defiantly taught and practiced, and continues to be so taught and practiced. In this successful and long-continued conspiracy to defeat the execution of 10 EEPOET OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. this law I find that agencies of the government of Utah, deriving their power from Congress, notably the legislature, which not only derives its power from Congress but is paid out of the Treasury of the United States, joins in and leads in this nullification. In support of this as- sertion I beg to make that part of my message to the twenty-fifth legis- lature in 1882, which is under the head of "Political situations," "Exer- cise of church authority in temporal affairs," "Assessments and tithing," "Polygamy," and "Governmental action," and the action of the council thereon, and in response a part of this report. It is too voluminous t& incorporate, but it is to be found in the house and council journals of the session of 1882. The former is in the house journals and the latter in the council journals. An appeal to the legislature by the governor to enact laws in accordance with the laws of Congress and the Supreme Court decision was, in part, answered as follows : The great majority of Utah's people believed then, as they believe now, the act of 1862 to be not only special and unreasonable, but also unconstitutional, in that it "prohibits" the "free exercise of a part of their religion;" but they do not fail to recognize the power of Congress, under pressure, to enact as an expedient that or similar laws ; they can, however, only view them, in the light of history and ex- perience, as improvident, mischievous, and dangerous. This deliverance of the council in Utah as to the Congress and Su- preme Court may be " sharp and biting," but perhaps to them not con- clusive. Another act, incorporating the Perpetual Emigration Fund Company, was passed in 1850, and amended and confirmed by the legislature of Utah January 12, 1856. It provides that the general business of the company shall be devoted under the direction of the first presidency of said church to promote, facilitate, and accomplish the immigration of the poor. By this act the whole system of immigration was handed over by the legislature to a corporation under the control of the church. Ko other system has been by law authorized or permitted in Utah, and this rich corporation continues as part of the " church and state" machinery to- gather converts from all parts of the world. Section 14 of the act provided as follows : The islands of Great Salt Lake known as Stansbury Island and Antelope Island are hereby reserved and appropriated for the use and benefit of said company (emi- gration), and said islands shall be under the exclusive control of President Brigham Young. Here is a primary disposal of the soil of the United States by a Ter- ritorial legislature, not to an individual, but to a church and the head of a church, its president ; certainly a law respecting the establishment of religion. One fact is conclusive, that by Territorial legislative enact- ment the church was formally declared the sovereign in Utah, and that is, that all escheats were by law turned over to the Church Emigration Company by the probate judge of each county, who was " empowered and required to take possession of all property left by any deceased or absconded person when there is no legal claimant known or sufficiently near to see to it in season." See section 569, compiled laws of Utah, pub- lished by authority in 1876. Were these not laws respecting an estab- lishment of religion i By act approved December 9, 1850, it was ordained that Brigham Young have the sole control of City Creek and caiion, and that he pay into the public treasury $500 therefor. Similar acts, and without con- sideration, were granted at different times to Heber C. Kimball, Ezra T. Benson, and other leaders in the church. An act approved January 17, 1853, granted to Daniel H. Wells the right to erect ferries across Green Eiver. Among other requirements, section 4 provided that he REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 11 should pay or cause to be paid 10 per cent, of all the proceeds arising- from the privileges herein granted into the treasury of the "Perpetual Emigration Fund Company." Daniel H. Wells was, and it is still claimed for him, the lieutenant-general commanding the Nauvoo Legion^ beside his official rant in the church. While the foregoing acts were not a primary disposal of the soil they were more. By them there was a disposal of the water and timber, property of the United States, without which the soil has no value whatever. A common-school system prevails under the law. In every instance known to me the schools are established on the same lot of ground and under the same roof or in adjoining rooms to the church ward meeting-houses. The whole system is under the control of and taught by elders of the church, and thousands who are taxed for their support do not, and of necessity can receive no benefit in sending their children, and do not send them. In a veto of an act making appropriations for general purposes, among others, was an appropriation for the erection of a new building for Deseret University. I placed among my objections the one " That in all appropriations of public money received from taxes upon all classes of citizens for educational purposes they should be made with an un- qualified provision that no doctrinal, sectarian tenets should be taught or allowed to be taught, or any particular belief required of any teacher or officer thereof." I sincerely regret the legislature and the governor could not in their conferences have agreed upon some plan by which non-sectarian educational work should have been allowed to progress.. In a report of this character I fear I may not prolong it in further demonstrating the establishment of a system of government in Utah,, by a subversion of the Congressional enactment organizing it into a Territory. That the Grovernment, which being too fearful of an infringe- ment upon religious belief has permitted agencies deriving their power from the Government, to make laws in the past that were, and some of them still are, laws, all of which were intended as far as possible to es- tablish a religion. This system continues in force with the added growth of thirty years. That while the Government has permitted an unlawful government to exist there under usurped powers in part and this practical establish- ment of religion, it has, I regret to say, allowed its laws to be trampled upon and nullified from year to year. A government making laws should see that they are enforced or repeal them. As long as the agencies of the Government remain as they now are misgovernment must exist and nullification or worse must, I fear, as a sequence follow in the future. The trouble is organic. I therefore conclude in the hope that Congress and the country may not further foUow the argument as to the right of religious belief, but rather consider how a great crime against the flag, against the plain provisions of the Constitution declaring there shall be no establishment of religion, including as it does polygamy, a corner-stone, which is a. crime under the law, a shame to humanity, and a by- word and reproach to our land among the nations of the civilized world, may be quickly and effectually arrested and punished. Two bodies cannot occupy the same space at the same time. If to- day every act of Congress was repealed there would be left in Utah an ecclesiastical government intended to meet all requirements as to the temporal affairs of man in his dealing with his fellow-man. For over thirty years such government has existed there and intended to be so. established that "it may not legally be questioned." 12 EEPOET OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. I beg to warn you, Mr. Secretary, and through you the country, of dangers that threaten and troubles that will surely come, and to ask that action that will adjust the wrongs so long committed in Utah. Half-way measures will not answer and delay is dangerous. Inno- cent blood of Mormon and American will eventually be shed in estab- lishing good government in Utah and the vast adjoining territory of the West being occupied by this power. Time will not and cannot prove the remedy. I now ask that all laws passed by Congress be repealed, and that if it be the purpose to overlook crime against the flag and the lesser crime against the law, polygamy, that it should be offlcially determined and ■announced, in order that the people of this great region may know what to expect and how to arrange their family and business aifairs. If, on the other hand, the country proposes to see that its laws are ex- ecuted and its authority recognized by all alike and everywhere, then I respectfully suggest the following : Under the Edmunds Law the Utah commission has returned a mo- nogamous legislature which meets in January next. If that legislature fail to repeal in full all laws passed by former legislatures respecting an establishment of religion, to repeal all statutes under which laws of Oongress have been nullified, and fail to pass laws forbidding polygamy and punishing any person who solemnizes what is termed a plural mar- riage, to provide for neglected and deserving wives, and fail (as other legislatures have refused to do) to bestow the right of dower or its equivalent, and fail to recognize in their labors the authority of the United States as the absolute sovereign political power, then that Con- gress shall repeal that section of the organic act establishing such a body and assume control in the Government here. This it has beyond ques- tion the right to do, and this I believe to be its duty to do without a delay beyond the ending of the next Territorial legislature. THE REMEDY. It cannot reasonably be expected that Congress at so great a dis- tance, and with the wants of a great couutry to care for, can know in detail the wants of a Territory so well as men interested in its business, and who live in the Territory. A pilot in the light-house oft" Sandy Hook cannot guide a vessel across the Atlantic Ocean. The pilot must be' on board ship. So I take it Congress must establish another agency in Utah, one familiar with the wants and requirements of the Territory, familiar with its localities, and bound up in its welfare with their lives and fortunes, and who bear honest allegiance to the Government of the United States. If it be true that the Government for over thirty years lias had an unfaithful agent in Utah, is it not right that it should dis- pense with such service and establish a faithful agent there ? Is it right that the Government should do less than an intelligent, careful business man would do under like circumstances ? lu order to keep this side of what might properly be termed the beroic remedy, I present in hope and confidence my former recommen- dation. Intelligent observation and experience confirm me in the ne- cessity and wisdom of that course. In lieu of the legislature as now provided for in section 4 of the or- ganic act (and which I may add has been and is practically appointed by the president of the Mormon Church), constitute a legislative council say of three or five, or if necessary thirteen or more, they to be ap- pointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, who shall write a code of laws m unison with civilization, the Constitution, and the laws KEPOET OF THE GOVEENOE OP UTAH. 13 of Congress, and which will prove a government not only "for the people," bat by the people. The principle involved in this action is right, and the precedents for it are abundant, older than our Constitution, and occurring in our national history as events warranted from time to time down to the present. By the statutes of 1787 the Territory of the Northwest was formed. In this the governor and three judges were constituted a legislative council. By our Louisiana purchase the Government became the possessor of a territory from the mouth of the Mississippi to British possessions in the north. The Territory of Orleans presents not only the principle but the almost exact statute recommended by me. There a council of thirteen was constituted, good and true men of that Territory, and were appointed by the President. While the government of the District of Columbia does not present so exact a case as that of Louisiana, for the reason that Congress assembling within it can and does enact laws for its government more in detail, the District of Columbia, as Utah, was granted by Congress a Territorial form of government with a governor and legislature. For well-known reasons, deemed sufft- cient, Congress deprived the citizens there of a legislature and con- stituted a commission for its government. However convincing the arguments have been made in that case they are not so conclusive as those presentable for a change in the government of Utah. As good citizens of the District of Columbia demanded the abolition of their legislature and the appointment of the commission, so good citizens of Utah appeal for that or similar relief. I hear no com- plaint of misgovernment in the District of Columbia under the com- mission. So, Tinder the government recommended by me for Utah, I confidently believe such action by Congress and a council composed of men loyal to the Constitution and the laws, there would come that adjustment of wrongs and termination of contentions so earnestly prayed for by tiiose in Utah who possess the intelligence and one-third of the wealth of the Territory, and who, while bearing allegiance to the United States and paying in large part the taxes of the Territory have no voice in its government. Further legislation is essential and any law short of the one suggested will prove ineffectual. The honorable commissioners under the Edmunds law have faithfully and I think effectually carried out its provisions, disfranchising polyga- mists. The conduct of elections under their rulings and careful supervision has been creditable to them and fair to all entitled to the franchise. The law is a step in the right direction, and to the honorable the Senator and Congress, and the President, and to the commissioners who ex- ecuted it, I beg to acknowledge with gratitude whatever good results have or may come from it. Other matters, Mr. Secretary, might have been presented to you on this question and matters of less interest in the government and busi- ness affairs of the Territory. I can only say, with this adjustment and relief that will follow, Utah, so great in resources and attractions, will outstrip the Utah of the past with its burdens, and add more largely, even than now, to the material wealth of our common country. I have the honor to be, Mr. Secretary, your obedient servant, ELI H. MURRAY, Governor. The Secretary of the Interior. ^'^l REPORT GOVERI^OR OF UTAH SECRETAEY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 5 WASHINGTOIif: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. ' 1885. REPORT GOVERI^OIl OF UTAH 8E0EETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 5 WASHIKGTOIf: GOVEENMENT PEINTINO OPFIOB.. 1885. 6289 UTAH REPORT GOVERNOR OF UTAH Territory op Utah, Executive Office, Salt Lalce City, October 17, 1885. Sir: The past year may very properly be said to have been the most eventful one in the history of the Territory of Utah. 'The execution of national law, in the face of a bitter opposition upon the part of those who assume temporal as well as ecclesiastical control, over the great majority of the people has been successful to a degree which by many heretofore was regarded as impossible. A crisis is now at hand, which must have one of two results. The G-overnment either must yield its claim for continued .supremacy over one of its Territories, permit its power to be broken, and the laws nullified, or there must be a surren- der to the rightful authority of the Government upon the part of the majority of tBe. people. On assuming the duties of governor I undertook to acquaint myself with the wants and requirements of the Territory in whole and in de- tail, and to investigate the questions of difference. I found a condition of affairs which I had little reason to believe could exist under the Gov- ernment. Coming, as I believed, to a people who revered the Constitution, I was unwilling to believe otherwise. Knowing them to be given to polyg- amy, I felt that this excess would carry with it its own punishment, and that time and contact with the people of a common country, who held that the monogamous system of marriage was the very foundation of our hope to continue a Government controlled by the people, I was slow to conclude that a fixed purpose existed to force their views upon the country, and to build up a kingdom which was "to supplant this and every other Government." I found that administrations had been misled ; that proposed legislation had been robbed of effective features ; and that Congressional action had been defeated by misrepresentations on the floor of Congress. I found that appeals from good citizens had been unanswered, and that a feeling of hopelessness pervaded those who had confidently looked to their Government for redress of the many wrongs they had so long borne and grievances they had so often pre- sented for redress. ^ At your request I now present, " for the information of the President," facts and conclusions gleaned from nearly six years of residence, and ofiScial observation, and which I am sure the business and official records and history of the Territory will even more than fully sustain. The utterances of the President admonish me that it is unnecessary for me to show that grievous wrongs exist. I shall, therefore, deal 4 REPOKT OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. more particularly with the present, and such facts as tend to show what remedies, have fallen short of a solution of our troubles and what remedies are required to solve them. The Mormon authorities unquestionably control the great body of the people, and by means of legislatures named by them have persist- ently thwarted the purposes of Congress, by which means national con- trol over its best Territory is perverted. Unbearable as this condition is regarded by all good people in every section, the further fact is shown in the present term of the district court of this city where a number of leading Mormons, convicted of crime under the laws of the United States, solemnly decline to acknowledge the binding effect of laws of the United States, and declare their purpose to continue in the practice of the dis- obedience for which they stand arraigned or convicted, and as a reason for Such action assert that to do otherwise would bring them under the ban of the organization to which they belong, and would leave them to be regarded with scorn and contempt by their associates and people. Some of the better men of those so arraigned, recognizing their obliga- tions as naturalized citizens, have promised to obey the laws and to desist from counseling others to violate them, for which they have been de- nounced as traitors in violent manner and in innumerable ways. I refer to the cases of United States vs. H. B. Olawson, United States against O. P. Arnold, United States against John Sharp and others, and to copies of the official Mormon organ, the Deseret News, on the days 'following the determination of their respective cases in the courts. Beyond all this is the fact that an ecclesiastical court of the Mormons, the highest authority on earth acknowledged by tiiem — ^the first presi- dency, with which the quorum of twelve agree, decides that the Su- preme Court of the United States is in error, and solemnly asserts that laws determined by that court to be constitutional are m fact uncon- stitutional and therefore not binding upon the Mormon people, and the distinguished ecclesiastical jurists comi)osing that court of the first presi- dency, from their places of concealment from the United States marshal, counsel and direct their followers to persist in the violation of the laws of this country. I ask your attention to the deliverance made by the first presidency at the Logan conference during this month. (See Ex- hibit A.) These statements being true, it is necessarily true that a good Mor- mon cannot be a good citizen. People who disregard and teach others to violate the laws and all those who belong to and give material aid to organizations which teach, advise, and counsel others tq commit any act defined by law to be a crime should, to say the least, be deprived of the power to write laws for the government of any part of our country. The treatment of the Utah question up to the present enactments has resulted in allowing a treasonable growth here of alien sentiment which decisive measures would have adjusted years ago. The Government, apparently so fearful that it might do wrong, has failed to do right, and to that extent may be said to be morally responsible. If, under any circumstances, a blunder may be regarded as worse than a crime, certainly indifference on the part of those charged with legislation and the ex- ecution of the laws should be regarded as something more than a blun- der. It is true that during thirty years the Government has forgiven the Mormon leaders for open rebellion against the armed forces and authorities of the United States and other and innumerable indignities to the nation itself. It has appealed to them, time after time, to obey the laws and " to be like the rest of us." It has legitimated and given honorable place before REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH, 5 the world to their children born out of lawful wedlock. The generosity of this treatment they have disregarded. They have accepted the gifts and have smitten the hands of the giver. They have abused this gen- erosity to strengthen their power over a too-conflding people large numbers of whom try to be, and under other circumstances would be, worthy citizens of our country, aud have abased and have made out- casts of the few who have announced their determination to obey the laws. The right of people to believe what they choose is unquestioned, and in that belief they are entitled to whatever of comfort and happiness such belief may bring to them, whether in this world or in the hereaf- ter, and, further, the Government will, as it has done, protect them in the fullest exercise of that belief, be it religious or otherwise. One may believe that the world owes him a living, and that in order to at- tain that living he is warranted to go out upon the highway and rob to that extent. It will hardly be claimed when he puts that belief into practice thajt it would be wrong for the Government to punish him for robbery. A person may believe that the Book of Mormon is of divine origin, and that plural marriage is authorized by revelation ; but when in the face of a plain statute, which is intended to protect the marriage system of one man to one woman, he indulges that belief to the extent of marryifig more than one woman, he becomes a bigamist and must an- swer for the oftense. The law of 1862 was the first to make bigamy a statutory crime in this Territory. That, and the Poland bill of 1874, and^the later and more comprehensive statute known as the Edmunds law, which has been sustained by the Supreme Court, are accepted by all law-abiding citizens as the law of the land. But we are confronted here in Utah by the decision of the high council of the Mormon Church declaring otherwise, and many people, following that decision, have sub- jected themselves to lines and imprisonment rather than conform to national law, and thousands outside of the penitentiary, who are en- joying the protection and benefit of the Government and the privileges of the elective franchise, are not less guilty in one sense, and are not better, if so good, as many who are in prison. Every Territorial ofilcer, by virtue of Territorial statutes, and these are always and necessarily Mormons ; every legislature of the past, and the Delegate of the Mor- mom Church in Washington, have used and are using every effort to thwart the execution of these laws and to break down those who un- der the law are intelligently and honestly endeavoring to enforce them. These public officers are following the edict of the ecclesiastical high council, and by words and acts are urging others to do so, and glorify- ing those who upon conviction in the courts declare their purpose " to live up to their privileges " as so construed. Instances of this action are presented in the speech of Hon. John T. Caine, Delegate in Congress, delivered before the Logan conference a few days since, and the following extract from his paper, the Salt Lake Herald, October 11, 1885. George Romney was sentenced to the penitentiary. The following day Mr. Caine's paper said : There is sorrow when a man like George Romney goes to the penitentiary ; but when one does go his friends and acquaintauces feel like taking off their hats to hiui, for they feel that a brave aud honest man is suffering because of his bravery and honesty, which will not permit him to do otherwise. The fact that the Territorial officers of whom I speak, every legislature of the past, and the Congressional Delegate (and that too, the legislatures and Delegate paid out of the Treasury of the United States), all vindic- 6 EEPOET OP THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. tively joining and leading in a conspiracy to defeat the execution of the laws of the United States, presents a travesty upon government with- out parallel. But it is said these have committed no crimes, and therefore should not be questioned. Is this true ? And if it be true, would it not be weU in justice to repeal some laws and enact others, by which privileges which should be esteemed may be forfeited to such conspirators against the well-being of law and order and the enlightened civilization of the world? " The man who conspires with another and sends him outinto the street to commit murder upon a passer-by, and covers his co- conspirator from danger at the hands of their victim with a rifle from his place of con- cealment, is a guilty man. The man who holds a women while another ravishes her is alike guilty. This being true, it follows that a monog- amist Mormon is not deserving of as much consideration as a polyg- amist, for the reason that, where two men claim to believe that polyg- amy is divinely appointed, the one who follows that belief into a con- scientious practice is the honester of the two. If you punish the hon- ester one, you at least should disfranchise the other who belongs and gives material aid and support and defense to an organization banded to do an unlawful thing. The application of this principle is found em- bodied in the Idaho statutes, the validity of which has been 'sustained by Chief Justice Hayes. With this enactment the monster was throttled, and with it the growth and political power of Mormonism is ended in that Territory. National supremacy cannot be upheld in Utah as long as political power is vested in those who are engaged in nuljifying the statutes of Congress, and for sp doing are paid out of the Treasury at Washington. 1 protest, for myself and for all good people, that such application of public funds be no longer made. The Territory is divided into three judicial districts, presided over, respectively, by the chief-justice and the associate justices of the su- preme court. There should be four districts, or perhaps not more dis- tricts but certainly four judges, and the United States attorney should be allowed three good assistants and a clerk, for the reason that the law of Congress of 1874 imposes upon that oflBicer the prosecution of all Territorial cases in addition to the United States cases. Besides the duties which pertain to like officers in the States and other Territories, he stands in the relation of the attorney-general and prosecuting officer of the several districts in Territorial prosecutions. This, it will be seen, imposes responsibility and great labor upon that ofl&cer. A more vig- orous prosecution of ])olygamy and unlawful-cohabitation cases, which the situation requires, would call for still further help and more courts. I embody herein a memorandum of the business in the third judicial district, presided over by Chief Justice Zane, sitting at Salt Lake City. The business of the first district, presided over by Associate Justice Powers, and the second district, presided over by Associate Justice Boreman, is of like character, namely: DISTRICT COUKT FOU THE THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT OP UTAH TBRRITORT. Memorandum.— Since January 1, 1884, there have been begun in this court .582 civil cases. During the same period there have been found 72 indictments for offenses com- mitted against the laws of the United States, 65 of which indictments veere brought for the offenses of polygamy and unlawful cohabitation. During the same period there have been found 86 indictments for offenses committed against the laws of the Territory of Utah for various offenses. September term, A. D. 1885.— At the beginning of this term there were upon the civil calendar of this court for trial at law and in equity 280 cases. There were also upon EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 7 the oh-il-law and motion calendar forbearing at the same time, 63 demurrers, motions, &o. There were, further, upon the criminal calendar, for trial at this term, 65 cases, 42 of which were cases under the laws of the United States. One case for perjury, another for stealing puhlic property, and the remaining 40 cases under United States laws were for polygamy and unlawful cohabitation under the Edmunds law. Twenty- three of the above 65 criminal cases were for offenses against the laws of Utah Terri- tory. Polygamy and unlawful cohabitation since January 1, 1884, there have been disposed of cases as follows : In three oases verdicts of not guilty were returned, but one case was again tried and defendant convicted, and another indictment was brought in a second case and the defendant plead guilty. In one case thejury disagreed, but the defendant was subsequently tried and oonvioteri. Three cases were dismissed; but indictmeiits were all found prior to January 1, 1884. In 18 cases the defendants plead guilty. In 16 cases convictions were obtained after jury trial, making in all 34 convictions for polygamy and unlawful cohabitation. Twenty-nine cases for offenses of polygamy and unlawful cohabitation are now pending before the court. The above memorandum is correct. [SEAL.] J. M. ZANE', Cleric Third District Court., An analyslsof the foregoing statement presents of itself a complete his- tory of the questions involved in Utah. Under the Edmunds law and by this court polygamy in all its hideousness has been laici bare and the power of the Grovernment to deal successfully with the question demon- strated. Intelligent interpretations of the laws by Chief Justice Zane, and able presentments by the United States attorney, Dickson, have re- sulted In shattering the heretofore apparently impregnable walls of de- fense which surrounded the degrading system of polygamy prevailing here. Before the bar of this court that degradation has been shown in the painful lack of manhood upon the part of those arraigned for polygamy or unlawful cohabitation, in permitting their plural wives to be sent into imprisonment for contempt in vain endeavors to shield themselves from the penalty of the law, and women under oath have denied a knowledge of the paternity of their children in attempts to shield the offenders. Men otherwise good have abandoned their families by going to the peni- tentiary rather thau disobey the cruel edict of polygamous leaders in their defense of the infamous system. A few others, more manly and less fanatical, have had the courage to recognize the fact that the law is above us all, and these have received the lighter inflictions of the law, and are devoting themselves to the care of their families and education of all their children and pursuing the different paths of duty and busi- ness. In order to present the strongest arguments from the Mormon view of the situation, so far as polygamy and unlawful cohabitation are con- cerned, I ask your attention to the cases and statements of John Nich- olson and Hiram B. Clawson and the words of Judge Zane in sentencing them. The former is perhaps one of the most intellectual of his faith, and editor and representative of the leaders. The latter, H. B. Claw- son, is an intelligent and kindly man, a leading business man, and a bishop. Bishop Clawson concluded as follows : To me there are only two courses : One is a prison and honor, the other is liberty and dishonor. Your honor, I have done. Judge Zane then addressed the prisoner as follows : Mr. Clawson, it becomes the duty of the court now to pronounce the sentence of the law against you. You state, as a reason for your present course, that you formed the relations for which you are now to be punished thirty years ago, and that you then believed it was right. A man's'beliefs do not justify a willful violation of the law. It appears to be the opinion of at least some of the members of the sect to which you be- long that polygamy was lawful previous to the Edmunds law and the law of lB6i, 8 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Xliere lias never been a time in the United States, anywhere, when polygamy was lawful. Probably the greatest commentator upon the common law who has ever lived, more than a hundred j'ears ago, in commenting upon the common law (which has been in force in this Territory since it has been acquired by the United States), after referring to the disabilities which prevent the contract of legal marriage, used this language : " The first of these legal disabilities is a prior marriage — having another husband or wife living — in which case, besides the penalties consequent upon it as a felony, the second marriage, to all intents and purposes, is void, polygamy being con- demned both by the laws of the New Testament and the policy of all prudent states, especially in these northern climates," and then refers to a remark of Justinian con- demning polygamy. (1 Blackstone's Com., 435.) And it is believed that under the laws of Mexico, before this Territory was even acquired by the United States, polyg- amy was not recognized. It was unlawful, and at the time you state you formed these relations the law prevented you from doing it. When you formed them they were ut- terly void — as if they had never been contracted. The second wife, in the eyes of the law, was nothing more than a concubine, and the children bom of those relations were bastards. The law condemned it, and principle has condemned it in the United States. The fact that you claim it to be your religion (and I infer that you think because that is so you ought not to be punished) is no defense. The law does not attempt to regulate the internal relations of a man, so to spekk — that is to say, his faith, his be- liefs, his feelings. He can exercise his faith, he can exercise his belief, but when that belief and those feelings become external and attack the institutions upon which so- ciety rests, the law takes hold of it, and it is not protected. A man may believe and worship as he pleases. Religion, that part of it at least that the law protects, is internal — it consists of faith, feeling, and worship. When a man, however, claims that the formation of relations such as you profess to believe in — when he forms such relations as you have formed — then the law acts nponit; it does not allow the institutions upon which society rests to be attacked by religion any more than by any other means. So that is no defense. The framers of the Constitution so understood it. The Supreme Court of the United States has so interpreted it, and the Congress of the United States, in the law which you have violated, have so interpreted it, and your faith is no justification for your unlawful acts. The American people, andthewhole civilized world, with the exception of this sect, and probably some other few — such as free-love organizations — believe in the monog- amio marriage, and repudiate the polygamous marriage, and repudiate polyandry — the marriage of one wife to a number of husbands. Besides, this institution which you profess to believe in is an unjust one. Marriage is looked upon in the eye of the common law as a contract. If it is like all other contracts, it should be equally enforced. Now, if a man and a woman make a con- tract relating to property or to services, the law enforces that contract eqnally against both. To say it could be enforced against the woman, and that the man might divide whatever might be the consideration of the contract between a number of other women, would be unjust. When a man and woman enter into the marriage relation, all there is to that relation besides the feeling of love and devotion to each other, consists in the duties and obligations which they owe in consequence of that relation; and if the woman is held to it, and the man may say; " These duties I owe you I will distribute among a hundred"; or, if you please, a much less number — " two or more " — if the law sanctions that it is unjust. It makes itja binding contract upon the woman and not upon the man. Or if you say that neither is bound by it, then this institution of marriage is a rope of sand that binds nothing. This institution upon which the family rests, upon which the welfare of the community and its pro- gress, as we trust, through all ages, depends, means nothing. If xhe woman, not- withstanding this marriage, may go and contract and associate with a dozen men as though they were her husbands, and. a man may do likewise, then the institution of marriage is broken down and destroyed. The civilized world believes that that is the most important pillar in the great fabric that shelters and protects humanity and all that is good and virtuous in it ; and no sect nor creed will be allowed in the United States to overthrow it. You and your followers and those who believe with you had just as well submit to the laws of yonr country as good citizens, because obedience to the law is the highest duty of a citizen. I understand you profess to be a citizen of the United States, and yet you say you will hot promise to obey and respect its laws, and that you will not promise not to persuade others to disregard and defy the laws of your country ■ Thousands of as brave men aa ever lived have died in defense of those laws and that Government, and it does not do for you to stand up in this court, or anywhere and treat those laws with contempt, and that Government with contempt which shelters and protects us all. As a man I have nothing to say whatever against you. I regret that you have not the courage and the manhood to stand up in defiance of a sect and say that you will obey the laws of your country, and that you will advise other 'men REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 9 to abide by them. This timidity and cowardice is not becoming to an American citi- zen. You seem to acknowledge that in your second reason, because you say tliat you would be ostracised and would become an outcast if yon were to obey the laws of your country — if you were to promise to obey them — though many good men have died, not become ostracised, but died in their defense. That reason constitutes no justification. In view of the fact that you propose, as I understand, to continue your polygamous relations, to continue your adulterous connection with women who are not your legal wives, however much I may respect you as an individual, my duty, representing as I do a great and a glorious Government, will not allow me to indulge in any personal feelings; but the discretion which I possess must, be so used as to strike down these crimes of polygamy and unlawful cohabitation. When men will not agree to obey the law, my duty as the judge of this court requires that the extreme penalty be im- posed upon them. You will be sentenced, therefore, to imprisonment in the penitentiary for the term of six months, and to pay a fine of |300 and costs, and be confined until the term of your imprisonment has expired and the fine and costs are paid. Mr. Nicholsoa said, in response to the question why sentence, should not be lironounced upon him, as follows : If your honor please, I will take advantage of the privilege the conrt aifords.me of stating my position before the court from iny own standpoint. I have been connected with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for about a quarter of a century. I accepted its doctrines,, including that law which is called in the church celestial marriage, and which includes a plurality of wives. At the time I entered into that relationship I had not the slightest idea that I was infringing on any law made in purstiance of the Constitution of the country, the supreme law of the land. I entered into that relationship in 1871, and to give the court an idea of my position in reference to the law I will illustrate by stating fiiat when the Reynold case was offered in order to test the constitutionality of the law o.f J.862, I went on the stand, at the request of the defendant, and testified for the prosecution in order that a conviction might be obtained. There is no need for me to state to your honor that the essence of a crime consists in the intent to commit it. There could have been no intention on my part to com- mit a crime. Years afterwards the Edmunds law was enacted which made my status criminal. That law requires that I should give up a vital principle of my religion and disrupt my family organization. It places me in a very painful position, because I have a very large family, and the ties that bind them to me are sacred, and my affection for them is deep. I don't think those ties can be severed by any law, no matter from what soTirce it may spring. I wish to say, also, that the ladj' who would have been the principal witness against me declined to testify or do anything that would have the effect of sending me to prison. [The lady i-eferred to is " Mrs. Jones," the plural wife, who was sent off via underground with her infant, and captured at Lehi.] The bare contemplation of cutting her adrift after such an exhibition of devotion was revolting to my soul, and I could not do it. People's ideas differ as to what constitutes religion. I am of the opinion of the Apostle James, who stated that faith without works was dead. I believe in that re- ligion which finds expression in action. I am aware of the attitude of this court and of the world toward our church. It is held that this institution threatens the exist- ence of the institution of monogamous marriage. I must say that, judging from the attitude of this court and from the assaults that are being made on our institution, it appears there is not very much ground for apprehension of danger in that respect. By some people I am also' told that my relations are adulterous. From my p By reason of the assimilation of the different metals in the mines it will be seen that any causes tending to reduce the value of either metal will correspondingly reduce the product of the whole. Seventy per cent, of the gold and silver produced in Utah in 1884 was produced in base bullion. Many mines that are worked at a proiit owing to the value of gold, silver, and lead, respectively, and which are the elements of our paying ores, would be forced to suspend operations if either of the metals were deprived of their present value by legislation or other cause. By this I mean to say that should the tariff on lead be abolished, or materially reduced, the gold and silver product west of the Missouri Eiver must necessarily be materially decreased. Should any legisla- tion tending to making silver a mere article of merchandise be enacted, the wreck that would follow might in a general sense be regarded only as a misfortune to certain silver -producing States and Territories, but it would in a wider sense be disastrous in this, that it would materially lessen the production of gold itself, to say nothing of lead and copper ; 38.5 per cent, of the value of the entire mineral product of the United States west of the Missouri Eiver, for the calendar year 1883, was ob- tained in these assimilated metals, and for the year 1884 it was 36.7 per cent. In Utah for the present calendar year, 1885, the production of silver by the process known as milling (dore bars) will be about the same as for 1884. The production of base bullion would be lessened on ac- count of the temporary closing of one of our principal mines, but the in- creased ore production from the Tintic, Stockton, and Park districts, which to a large extent has been exported prior to reduction, will make the quantity of the mineral product about the same as 1884. SALT PEODUOTION. There was manufactured from the waters of our Great Salt Lake in the year 1884 17,000 tons of salt, which was shipped to the differeiit mining districts in this region for milling purposes in the reduction of ore. In addition to this, quite an amount is manufactured for domes- tic purposes. From Mr. 0. ,W. Lyman, manager of the l>rorthwestern Forwarding Company, I am advised that the demand for this product promises to be better in the future, and that the production and ship- ment for 1885 are substantially the same as in 1884. PUBLIC LAJSfDS. There is but one land office in the Territory. I forward a statement marked Exhibit 0, made by the ofl&cers in charge. The increase in home- stead entries and pre-emption filings is due to the number of new surveys. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 17 during the year. Actual settlers only can make homestead entries and pre-emption filings, and only upon surveyed lands after the plats of survey are filed in the local land office. The increase in desert and timber-culture entries is accounted for by the building of irrigation canals, rendering possible the reclamation of the laud. Theseentriesaremadeinpartby parties who have exhausted their other rights on entry, and largely by parties taking up tracts for stock purposes. This statement shows a steady increase of actual settlement and occupation of the public lauds iu the Territory. The present laud system outside of the homestead and pre-emption provisions seems nothing more than an invitation for people to commit frauds. The timber-culiure act is not applicable at all to the Territory, for the reason that timber cannot be grown without irrigation ; the amount of water required to irrigate the amount of land prescribed by the law is infi- nitely more valuable in the irrigation for crops than any timbers that can be raised by artificial irrigatiou, and, secondly, the desert-entry land act requires an actual reclamation of the land entered by artificial irrigation. Our mountain streams are so small that at times late in the season the majority are entirely dry, and it is almost impossible to get water sufft- cieut to reclaim as required under the act, and when such is a^'ailable, and it can be done, the entryman has covered by desert-entry lands that would be much more valuable for the people if the same had been held by the Government for actual settlement under the homestead or pre-emp- tion laws. Again, the Department holding so strictly to the requirements under the desert-land act stockmen, in their own interests, have entered lands about the springs and streams for the purpose of watering stock. The waters are so scarce in the Territory that a company of four or five men engaged in stock business can enter the same number of springs and streams, paying the Government for not more than a section or two of land, and virtually get the use of thousands of acres that cannot be settled' or entered under any of the present land laws. I recommend that one or two acts be passed by the present Congress authorizing the lease of all mountain and high bench lands to applicants for stock pur- poses, said lease always subject to actual settlement by persons seeking homes, or an act for the sale of such land to stockmen, without require- ments, the acreage allowed to be purchased by them to be governed by the amount of stock actually owned. The laud thief is abroad and the Government is losing much of its valuable land, and a comprehensive statute should be passed which will force them to acquire title. EDUCATION. The public school system is very generally established over the Terri- tory, but is a source of great complaint by a large number of the people who are taxed for the support of schools into which their children never enter. This is lamentable, and that control which tolerates schools by taxation of all the people, and into which all the children of the com- monwealth may not for any reason enter is wrong, and should receive the consideration of Congress. This condition of public education has stimulated effort to supply schools independent of Mormon control, and has resulted in the different religious denominations, of the country es- tablishing schools throughout the Territory. The sum of it is, that the public schools receive As a body the Mormon children, and 1he schools established by the different rehgious denominations receive the children of the non-Mormon. I am informed that many children of Mormon parentage are taught in the latter-named schools, being preferred be- 6289 UTAH 2 18 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. cause the teachers are better qualified, aud the schools, in fact, better. Those who are sustaining them, and the teachers, are entitled to the highest consideration and gratitude of all who are interested in the cause of education and good government for the great good they have accomplished. I accompany a report of these schools, which give an idea of the extent of their undertaking, and mark the same Exhibit D. INSANE ASYLUM. Within the past year an asylum for the insane, sufBcieutfor the pres- ent, has been completed, and the unfortunates of this class are now re- ceiving a kind and intelligent care in a building equal in its appoint- ments to any in the United States. The building is located with beauti- ful surroundings, overlooking the city of Provo and Utah Lake. The legislature has given liberal appropriations to this the first public in- stitution of like character in the Territory. PENITENTIARY. The penitentiary is entirely inadequate to the requirements of the Territory. It is a contracted place, surrounded by an adobe wall, and with miserable lodgings, both for inmates and attaches. The crowded condition suggests that another and larger one should be built imme- diately. Ever since tlie General Government took charge of the Utah penitentiary, putting it in charge of the United States marshal for the Territory, under the direction of the Attorney-General of the United States, the legislature of the territory has absolutely refused to make any appropriation for the support and care of Territorial convicts therein. The law of June 23, 1874, known as the Poland bill, organized the dis- trict courts of Utah for the transaction of criminal business under the Territorial statutes, and gave them exclusive jurisdiction in all bilt minor cases. The same law provided, section 2, last sentence, that "the costs and expenses of all prosecutions for offenses against any law of the Ter- ritorial legislature shall be paid out of the treasury of the Territory." But the legislature has neglected this duty altogether, save in a partial provision for the payment of witnesses and jurors, but Congress, taking note of the perversity of the Territorial legislature, has by especial ap- propriation made provision from year to year, so that the officers in- trusted with the enforcement of the local criminal statutes have been able to perform the duty imposed upon them by Congress. It is under- stood that the sum so appropriated by the General Government, and paid for the enforcement of the criminal statutes passed by the Terri- torial legislature, and for the support and keeping of convicts under these Territorial statutes, have been charged against the Territory upon the books of the National Treasury Department, the amount of which I am not now able to give, but which appears on the books of the Treasury, and amounting to a very large sum. It will be the duty of the governor to ask the attention of the coming legislature to this anomalous state of affairs, and to insist, with whatever power will lie in the hands of the executive, that the legislature no longer ignore the express require- ments of the national statutes on this subject, but that it make the necessary provisions to meet the necessary expenses of enforcing its own statutes, and the maintaining the convicts under them, as well as of liquidating the debt to the General Government already incurred on this account. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 19 OTHER MATTERS. I will briefly state that the cereal, fruit, and vegetable crops for the year have been most bountiful, and that the already large live-stock interests are steadily expanding, and that healthy manufactories are growing up, and that trade is fairly prosperous, notwithstanding the irrepressible conflict which is going on. In closing this report I cannot refrain from acknowledging the warm support and encouragement I have had from good citizees irrespective of party, and am conscious of uo unfriendly criticism, except from polyaamists, their defenders and ai^ologists. The laws of the United States and the laws of this Territory are being faithfully enforced. The leaders of this polygamous hierarchy are refugees from justice: the end of nullification is at hand, and I indulge in the hope that this good work will commend itself to the Administration and that Congress will complete the work it has so successfully inaugurated, and tiiat the people of Utah, in peaceful and prosperous homes, may readily assimilate with the country, of which we are no insignificant pajt. I am, most respectfully, your obedient servant, ELI H. MUEEA.Y, Governor. Hon. L. Q. 0. Lamak, Secretary of the ^Interior. Exhibit A. AN EPISTLE FROM THE FIRST PRESIDENCY. To the officers and members of the Church of Jeans Christ of Latter-day Saints: Brethren AND Sisters: As the time for holrling onr semi-aiinaal conference has again come around, and we are still prevented from addressing the saints in public, we deem it proper to take this method of communicating with you, that you may know the counsel we have to give, and that we are not neglectful of the duties which de- volve upon us as the first presidency of tlie church. As all the saints doubtless understand, there has been no cessation, since we last wrote, in the work of persecution. It rages, if anything, more fiercely than ever. Under cover of what is called the Edmunds law, the most outrageous acts of oppres- sion are being perpetrated against the Latter-day Saints. The avowal has been Openly made that this law was expressly designed for the destruction of a principle of our re- ligion, and in this spirit all the prosecutions have been conducted. Thus far no crimi- nal, however gnilty, who has not been a " Mormon," has been punished under it. Acts of the mo?t sickening depravity have been committed by non-" Mormons" within easy reach of its arm, bnt have scarcely had a passing notice. While it is also worthy of note that, up to the present writing, out of all who have been accused and brought before the district court, only one " Mormon " has been acquitted. The man. acquit- ted, we understand, was charged with being the husband of a woman, on the ground that he had camped in his wagon in a 10-acre lot in which her residence stood and had carried some chickens for her to market ! Oiie of the most remarkable features connected with the administration of this law is the extraordinary rulings which are made in its enforcement. The j udge who pre- sides in the second judicial district, in the recent trial of a ciise of unlawful cohabita- tion, gave instructions to the jury at the request of the defense. Several accused persons would have been cleared in the third judicial district had the juries which rendered verdicts in their oases, been similarly instructed. They are as follows : (1) "Prior to the act of March 22, lbb2, cohabitation with more than one woman was not unlawful. (2) "If you find from the evidence that the defendant, since the passage of the Ed- munds act, March 22, 1882, and within tlie dates named in the indictment, has not held out to the world, introduced, or announced more than one of the women named in the indictment as his wife, you should acquit the deftndant. (3) "It is not necessary that the parties to a polygamous marriage, or who have 20 EEPOET OF THE' GOVERNOR OF UTAH. lived in the practice of cohabiting with two or more women, should divorce them- selves, in order to entitle them to the presumption of innocence of cohabitation after tbe passage of the law. (4) "As all children of polygamous marriages, begotten before March 22, 1882, are legitimated, and no cohabitation before that date was unlawful, no criminating in- ference can be drawn by the jury from the defendant's later acknowledgments of his paternity of such children by the women mentioned in the indictment, nor from later recognition of such women as their mothers, and as women whom he had before said date taken into the polygamous relation with him. (6) "The law presumes innocence, and therefore that all persons who were cohab^ iting when the Ejlmunds act took effect, contrary to the provisions of that act, then ceased to do so. (8) "The law presumes all persons charged with a criminal offense to be innocent until the presumption is overcome by proof; therefore it presumes that all persons who were living with more than one woman as wives prior to March 22, 1882, have since that date ceased to so live and cohabit. (9) "If you find from the evidence that defendant had children by the women named in the indictment prior to March 22, 1882, then the defendant had a right to visit his children, and support them and make arrangements as to their welfare. He had a right also to assist their mothers in their sunport, and for such a purpose cotild visit the house where they and their nmtbers live. He could furnish them a homo, he could visit the mother, the same as if they had been divorced, or as if no such pre- vious relations had existed between them, but he should not associate with her as a husband associates with his wife." Do we say too much if westate that there are those now undergoing punishment in the penitentiary, in the society of thieves and murderers, who would be as free as the prosecuting officers themselves had the law been construed by the legal canons ap- plied to other laws and according to the instrnciious given above ? The practice in these attacks upon us has not been to presume the accused innocent nntil proved, guilty, but to view him as undoubtedly guilty because accused ; and the rulings of the court in several instances have been made to secure conviction -where the evidence was open to question. The extraordinary ruling cnncerniug "hold- ing out" is one in point ; notwithstanding the Edmunds law specifies that the penalty jfoi- unlawful cohabitation shall not be more than six months' imprisonment and $300 Ifine, the notorious ruling from the same bench concerning the number of indictments ■which can be found against a person accused of unlawful cohabitation states that he not only can be indicted once for the whole period since the passage of the law, but an indictment can be found for every week of that time ; so that, if found guilty in this manuer, a man's punishment would aggregate an imprisonmeut of ninety-two years and tines to the amount of $55,200. Still more extraordinary is the ruling of another judge, who, not to be outdone in his zeal, says that an indictinentcan be found for this charge against a man for every day or other distinct interval of time since the enactment of the law. As about one thousand two hundred and ninety-two days have passed since then, a man found guilty can be incarcerated in prison for six hundred and forty-six years and made pay tines to the amount of $387,600. Comment upon this absurdity is unnecessary. Before the Edmunds bill became law, and while on its passage, it was claimed that its provisions were of general application and in the interests of morality, and not, as we asserted, a measure directly aimed at religious liberty and for purposes of per- secution. But time has fully revealed its true character. Stripped of all disguise it stands out now in all its hideousuess. The most shocking immorality flourishes in its presence and thrives under the very eyes of its administrators. All forms of vice, if not directly encouraged by those who are charged with the duty of administering the Edmnuds law, are at least viewed by them with indifference. They appear to have no care as to the most flagrant sexual crimes, if they are only committed by non- " Mormons," or ontsideof the pale of matrimony. " Mormons "also, under the present administration of the law, may do^what they please with women, be guilty of the foulest injustice to them and their offspring, if they will only disown them as wives. The war is openly and undisguisedly made upon' our religion. To induce men to repudiate that, to violate its precepts and to break its solemn covenants, every en- couragement is given. The man who agrees to discard his wife or wives, and to trample upon the most sjcred obligations which human beings can enter into, escapes imprisonment and ia applauded ; while the man who will not make this compact of dishonor, "who will not admit that his past life has been a fraud and a lie, who w^ill not say to the world, " I intended to deceive my God, my brethren, and my wives by making oovenauts I did not expect to keep," is, besides being punished to the full extent of the law, compelled to endure the reproaches, taunts, and ihsults of a brutal judge. _ , Notwithstanding all these cruelties are practiced against us we do not feel that, as Latter-day Saints, we should mourn because of them. We should mourn because of REPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 21 our weakneases, follies, and sins, and repent of them. But to be persecuted, to be discriminated against, to be separated from tbe rest of the world, to be imprisoned and abused, are not causes of sorrow to true Saints; they are causes of rejoicing. If, in the great hereafter, we expect to be admitted to the society of the Son of Gorl, onr Redeemer, to the society of prophets and apostles, and holy men and women, ought we not to be willing to endure the tribulations which they received so joyfully ? Where is the prophet or apostle who did not endure persecution, whose liberty and life were not in almost constant jeopardy ? They did not have an Edmunds law, perhaps, en- forced against them ; but they had laws which emanated from the same source. With few exceptions they were all punished, deprived of liberty and of life, in the sacred name of law. Even the holiest being that ever trod the earth, the great Re- deemer of mankind himself, was crucified between two thieves to satisfy Jewish law. There has probably never been a time in the history of mankind when those whom we now revere as martyrs and whose sacrifices adorn and glorify our humanity and lift it nearer to God, could not, by being recreant, to the truth entrusted to them, have escaped the fate which made them so admirable to the generations which followed them. The Saviour himself had it in his power to compromise with his enemies and escape the cruel and ignominious death inflicted upon him. Abraham might have bowed to the gods of hia idolatrous father and needed no angel to rescue him from his impending doom. Daniel and his three brethren also might have submitted to the decree and law of the ruling powers under which they lived and escaped the tiery furnace and the den of lions. Their refusals to obey the decree and law doubtless appeared to thos6 who had not the knowledge of God which they possessed as acta of wicked obstinancy that should be summarily punished. But had they, to escape the threatened penalty, obeyed these edicts, posterity would have lost the benefit of their example, and the great God would not have been glorified before their contem- poraries as He was by their acts. Instead of their names being, as now, radiant with light and resplendent with heroism, they would, had they reached us, been covered with odium and been mentioned in the same category with the Jews concerning whom the prophet Jeremiah said : " They bend their tongues like their bow for lies ; but they are not valiavt for the truth upon the earth; for they proceed from evil to evil, and they know not me, saith the Lord."' Well-meaning friends of ours have said that our refusal to renounce the principle of celestial marriage invites destruction. They warn us and implore us to yield. They appeal to every human interest and adjure us to bow to a law, which is admit- ted on all hands to have been framed expressly for the destruction of the principle which we are called upon to reject. They say it is madness to resist the will of so overwhelming a majority. They say they see the gathering clouds, that they hear the premonitory mutteriugs of the resistless tempest which is about to break in de- structive fury upon our heads, and they call upon us to avert its wrath by timely aub- mission. But they perceive not the hand of that Beiug who controls all storms, whose voice the tempest obeys, at whose fiat thrones and empires are throwu down — the Almighty God, Lord of heaven and earth, who has made promises to us and who has never failed to fulfill all His words. We did not reveal celestial marriage. We cannot withdraw or renounce it. God revealed it, and He haa promised to maintain it and to bless those who obey it. Whatever fate, then, may threaten us, there is but one course for men of God to take ; that is, to keep inviolate the holy covenants they have made in the presence of God and angels. For the remainder, whether it be life or death, freedom or imprisonment; prosperity or adversity, we must trust in God. We may say, however, if any man or woman expects to enter into the celestial kingdom of our God without making sacri- fices and without being tested to the very uttermost, they have not understood the Gospel. If there is a weak spot in our nature, or if there is a fiber tliat can be made to quiver or to shrink, we may rest assured that it will be tested. Our own weak- nesses will be brought fully to light, and in seeking for help the strength of our God will also be made manifest to us. The Latter-day Saints have been taught this from the beginning. Such scenes as we now witness in these mountains and hear about in lands where the elders are preaching the Gospel ought not to be a surprise to us. The prophets and apostlea and elders of this dispensation would be false prophets and apostles and elders if these events did not take place ; for they have predicted them and warned the people unceasingly concerning them. Speaking concerning law, the Lord, in a revelation given through the Prophet Joseph, August 6, 1833, says: . ., , ^ »,, i i -^ • n (4) "And now, verily I say unto you concerning the laws of the land, it is my will that my people should observe to do all things whatsoever I command them ; (5) '-And that law of the land which is constitutional, supporting that principle of freedom in maintaining rights and privileges, belonga to all mankind, and is justifi- able before me ; ,,..,,., (6) " Therefore I, the Lord, justify you, and your brethren of my church, in be- friending that law, -which ite the constitutional law of the land: 22 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. (7) "Aud as pertaining to law of man, whatsoever is more or less than these com- ^tsf '' I "he Loi^ God, make you free, therefore ye are free indeed ; and the law also maketh you free ; (9) "Nevertheless, when the wicked rale the people mourn /mio-fintlv and 10) "Wherefore, honest men and wise men should ''^ «°"gl}*/°f. f;'"Sen«y, and good men and wise men ye should observe to uphold; otherwise whatsoever is less *^n)'"rdTg\v:uS■onae nnto all good, that ye shall live by every word which proceedeth forth out of the ™(12)' "^l\.r1ti'e will give unto the faithful line upon line, precept upon precept; and I will try you and prove you hprewith ; , i„ „i,„ii «„.q (13) "And whoso layeth down his life in i^y cause, for my name's sake, shall hnd it again, even life eternal: ^, , ,. t,„„„(. „„;h, (14) "Therefore be not afraid of your enemies, for I have decreed m my heart, saith the Lord, that I will prove ybu in all things, whether you will abide m my covenant even unto death, that vou may be found worthy ; ^t, r >, (15) "For if ye will not abide in my covenant, ye are not worthy ot me. Fifty-two years have passed since this was given to the church, and we are now wit- nessini'its fulfillment. The saints axe rectuired to do whatsoever the Lord commands them, to live by everv word which proceedeth forth out of the mouth of God. Ihey are also instructed to befriend every constitutional law of the land; for such laws support the principle of freedom ; they maintain rights and privileges. This as a people we have striven to do from the beginning of our orgauization. We have ever been a law-abid- ing people. Times without number we have suffered the most grievous wrongs with- out resenting them. We have ever thought it better to suffer wrong than to do wrong. Such was the case when we suffered expatriation from the State of Missouri. We were robbed and pillaged, despoiled and persecuted, yet we had no idea of retaliating on account of these wrongs upon the Gbveniment and its institutions, which to us are sacred. The san'e loyal spirit animated us when we were beset by blood-thirsty mobs in Illinois, one ol v'vhich murdered Joseph Smith, our prophet, and Hyrum Smith, the patriarch, while ihey were under the pledged protection of the State, given through the governor. On the same occasion one of the signers of this address was also brought to the gate of death, by being shot by the same band of assassins. When driven from the homes we had established in Illinois, we had no disposition to hold the nation at large nor the Government of our beloved country responsible for those inhuman deeds, nor to allow the spirit of vengeance to rankle in our hearts. We took the first oppor- tunity to exhibit the si)irit of true patriotisuj. While undergoing great hardship on account of being subjected to a compulsory exodus, when called upon by the Govern- ment to furnish a body of meu to take part in the war with Mexico, five hundred of the flower of our camp responded with alacrity, and, in accordance with the call of our country, traversed the great American desert, penetrated to Mexico, and completed an arduous and hazardous campaign and journey to California. You have no doubt read, through the papers, an account of the terrible affair which recently occurred at Rock Springs, in Wyoming Territory. We could not help feel- ing a little anxiety lest some of our people should have been connected with that bloody riot, and immediately requested Brother Cluff, president of Summit Stake, to inquire into the matter. So far as we have obtained information to the present, how- ever, we find that not more than one has been in anyway mixed up with that matter, and ' he a person of doubtful standing. We are pleased to learn of this, because we cannot associate with any deeds so revolting and inhuman, and we take this opportunity to express cur opinion on this subject to the saints. A great number of secret societies are being formed with which we cannot affiliate. Such organizations are generally inimical to law, to good order, and in many instances subversive of the rights of man. We cannot amalgamate with them. They are very distinctly spoken against in the Book of Mormon, as among the calamities which should afflict the people. We are expressly commanded, aud it becomes our duty, to uphold aud sustain every law of the land which is constitutional ; we have always had a strong desire to obey such laws, and to place ourselves in harmony with all the institutions of the country. We repeat that we desire that all men should be aware of the fact that we have been !the upholders of the Constitution and laws enacted in pursuance of that sacred in- strument. We still entertain the same patriotic disposition, and propose to continue .acting in conformity with it to the last. Neither have we any desire to come in act- ive conflict with statutes that we deem opposed to the Constitution both in letter and spirit. Whatever opposition has beeu oliered in that line has been only of such a character as is justified by the usages and customs of this and all other civilized coun- tries, and siichas the laws and institutious of this nation provide. Nor have we the least desire to shun the consequences of our acts in their relatiouship to the laws to which we refer, providing there were any assurance that our oases would be sub- EBPORT OF THE GOVEENOE OP UTAH. 23 mitted to a fair and j ust adj adication. Events of the past few months give no ground for hope that such treatment would be accorded. It must be contended, however, that, as stated elsewhere, connected with this disposition to have our conduct passed upon as provided by law administered in the genins of justice, there never can beany hope of our yielding up, under any circumstances, a principle of conscientious or re- ligious conviction. Were we to make sucn a surrender our conduct in that respect would not be in harmony with the guarantees of the Constitution, which we are in duty bound to uphold. In order to place onr people at a disadvantage, and to crush out their religions sys- tem, the Constitution has been violated in a number of ways. It does not require any depth of legal learning to understand what is meant by a religious test, which is forbidden by the " supreme law of the laud." Yet laws have been passed applica- ble to a wide section of this northwestern country, disfranchising and inflicting total political disability upon our people, without regard to their acts. The offense for which this restriction has been prescribed is simply religious belief, and the means of ajiplication is a religious test. It is consequently unconstitutional upon its face. This and other laws — notably the Edmunds act — inflict disabilities upon those of our people who are not in any way associated, by their acts, with polygamy. Thus probably about nine-tenths of our community are punished for alleged offenses for which they are in no way responsible, and in which they have taken no part. Surely no person who is unliiased, that gives this subject even the most casual attention, can characterize such freatment as other than flagrantly unjust. It has been estimated that out of a community of about 200,000 people, more or less, from 10,000 to 12,000 are identified with polygamy. When the Edmunds act was passed, this small minority, who were deprived by it of the right to vote or hold office, voluntarily, without the application pf coercion, withdrew from those privileges, not- withstanding the high estimate they placed upon them. It may well be ask"! where- in is the justice of .placing the bulk of the people at a disadvantage as well, seeing they have done nothing to furnish an excuse for such treatment. Granting that the small minority connected with polygamy are criminals before the law, what justifica- tion is there on that account for punishing, as the Edmunds and other acts do, the overwhelming majority ? If such doings were perpetrated in any other connection they would be unsparingly denounced as oppressive and tyrannical in the most ex- treme degree. If one portion of a community are designated as criminal, to hold the other and much the greater portion responsible for such a condition is not only unjust, but decidedly absurd. Statements upon this subject have been made to the Chief Executive of the nation, in the form of a protest and petition for redress of grievances. Knowing that mis- representations have taken the place of impartial scrutiny of the question with which the Latter-day Saints are associated, the consequences being a general mis- apprehension of the community and their affairs, we presumed that Mr. Cleveland was not acquainted with the real situation. Ah opportunity was thus songht to ac- quaint him with the facts. The very reasonable desire was expressed in this con- nection that a commission of inquiry be appointed, that the truth might appear and be given to the nation. Was it too much to expect that this action, supported by a representation of two hundred thousand people, would meet with some favorable response, which thus far has not, however, been made? Yet it would be unfair to attribute the delay of the President either to indifference or a disposition to refuse to accord justice to a people whose liberties are being trampled upon to an extent that is almost past human endurance. It is still hoped that he will take some consistent and humane action in the premises. In alluding to the delay in granting a response to the representations made to the President, we must not forget the extensive and arduous character of the duties devolving upon him as the head of the adminis- tration of a great government. We mention this that you may not be disposed to be too censorious in regard to the actions of men in high places who have the power to redress our grievances. And even when we feel that we are wronged, it is proper for us to follow the example of our Lord and Master, and say, " Father, forgive them; they know not what they do." Referring once more to the situation in a more local sense, we are not oblivious to the anomalous position in which the Federal judicial officers are placed in dealing with a subject which appears to occupya large share of popular attention. While it is impossible for them to escape pronounced exceptions being taken to their official course, on account of its harshness, undue rigor, and unjust discrimination in admin- istering the laws, they are entitled to some consideration, justified by well-understood circumstances. The Latter-day Sain s are the objects of popular obloquy. Their in- stitutions appear to be greatly disliked; The officers are doubtless influenced by the general clamor for the application of heroic treatment to the saints. They them- selves have doubtless been iufluenced to some degree by personal prejudices, and their official conduct, by these conditions, is thrown out of balance. While their course cannot be sustained in the light of fair play, some allowance should be made on ac- 24 REPORT OF THE GOVERlSrOE OF UTAH. count of the liability of the human mind to be warped by influences in conflict with the principles which should universally obtain in courts of law and presumed justice. Neither would it be justifiable on the part of the saints to entertain toward them, on account of their departures from their proper line of duty, any rancorous or vengeful feeling. A spirit of that character is not in unity with the genius of the Gospel of Peace. All men are in the hands of a just God, whose mighty penetrating power is capable of analyzing all the motives which prompt human action, and He can and will deal with us and them and all men according to the principles of eternal justice. Upwards of forty years ago the Lord revealed to His church the principle of celes- tial marriage. The idea of marrying more wives than one was as naturally abhor- ent to the leading men and women of the church, at that day, as it could be to any people. They shrank -^ith dread from the bare thought of entering into such rela- tionships. But the command of God was before them in language which no faithful soul dare disobey. " For, behold, I reveal unto you a new and an everlasting covenant ; • and if ye abide not that covenant, then are ye damned ; for no one can reject this covenant,; and be permitted to enter into my glory. * * * And as pertaining to the new and everlasting covenant, it was instituted for the fullness of My glory; and he that receiveth a fullness thereof, must and shall abide the law, or he shall be damned, saith the Lord God." Damnation was the awful penalty affixed to a refusal to obey this law. It became an acknowledged doctrine of the church ; it was indissolubly interwoven in the minds of its members with their hopes of eternal salvation and exaltation in the pres- ence of God. For nearly twenty years this continued to' be our faith and practice. Then a law was enacted against it. Another twenty years elapsed, and the Edmunds law was passed. Nearly forty years had thus elapsed from the first revelation of this doctrine, during which period thousands had lived and died, firmly believing and solemnly testifying that it was Divine. At great sacrifice they had obeyed it, and based their hopes of eternal felicity ujjon the promises which the revelation contained. They never dreamed that they had not a constitutional right to obey God, especially when in obeying Him they did not interfere with nor encroach upon the rights of any human being, either man or woman. It never entered into their minds to suppose for. a moment that man had a right, after God had given a law to His church, for its salvation and exaltation, to enact a counter-law forbidding, under severe penalties, man's obedience to God's law. Who could suppose that any man, in this land of re- ligious liberty, would presume to say to his fellow-man that he had no right to take such steps as he thought necessary to escape damnation ? Or that Congress would enact a law which would present the alternative to religious believers of being con- signed to a penitentiary if they should attempt to obey a law of God, which would deliver them from damnation ? Or that, under a plea of maintaining a certain form of civilization, God's authority to direct His people how to escape from the abomina- ble corruptions and evils which are eating out the vitals of man's much vaunted civ- ilization, should be disputed and utterly rejected ? What is this "Mormon" problem, so called, and why should it disturb the peo- ple ? It is an unpopular religion. But so was that of the ancient prophets. Jesus told the Jews that they garnished the tombs of the dead prophets, but killed the living ones. They crucified Jesus and were almost as unanimous iu their cry to cru- cify Him as the people arid rulers of the United States are to-day to destroy the " Mormons." They killed all of His apostles except one, and he was banished to work as a slave on the isle of Patmos. It is said they cast him into a cauldron of boil- ing oil, but he was not killed ; and if the Scriptures are true, he still lives, for he was to tarry till the coming of the Saviour. We receive as the word of God, and so do millions of the human family, the writings and testimony of the prophets who were killed. It is published by the millions of copies and sent to the various nations of the earth, by the very people who would now seek to destroy us. Jesus, who was crucified between two thieves, is now worshiped by millions in Christendom as the Son of God, the Redeemer of the world. The Twelve Apostles, his disciples, who suffered such ignominidus contumely and death, are now designated by the millions of Christendom as "The Apostles of the Lamb of God," and churches and cathedrals are called after them, as St. Peter, St. John, St. Mark, St. Luke, &c. It was then the "Christian problem;" it is now the "Mormon problem" — the same problem, though called by a different name. Was Jesus the enemy of the people in His day ? Only as He told them the truth. "What evil hath He done? "asked Pilate, the Gentile judgj. No matter what evil or what good, vociferated the Jews : " Crucify Him ! crucify Him ! " What evil have the "Mormons " done ? is asked, and the cry comes back : No matter, no matter, let them be destroyed. By the circulation of endless slanders and falsehoods concerning us aiid our mar- riages, wrath and indignation have been ai'ouscd against us in our nation. The ignorance of the people concerning us and our doctrines and system have been taken advantage of. Constant attempts have been, and still are, being made to induce the REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 25 world to believe that our motive in espousing patriarchal marriage has been the gratincatiou of gross sensuality ; that our belief in and practice of the doctrine had its origin in licentiousness, and that the sanction of religion is merely invoked to furnish greater license for the indulgence of base passions and devouring lust. This, as you know, is the exact antipodes of the truth. But the world generally^do not know it. Those of them who know how utteiiy false are these charges are either so cowed down: by a fierce public opinion that they dare not speak, or if they have the courage to apeak are almost unheard amid the noisy clamor against us. Thousands upon thou- sands of honest people in this and other nations, whose voices, did they know the truth, would be raised in our favor, are deceived by these lies and are arrayed against us. This persecution, if it serve no other purpose, will do good in this direction : It brings home to the hearts of the people, as no protestations or arguments of ours ever could do, that there is something more in this doctrine and practice than they have been led to believe. Reflecting people will see that there must be a great principle involved in this, or men and women would not be willing to suffer fines, bonds, and imprisonment as they do. Is there any necessity for lustful men and wonaen in this age and nation to suffer martyrdom to gratify their passions ? Whoever heard of a people preferring imprison- ment and all manner of cruel treatment for the indulgence of appetites which they could gratify to the fullest extent in popular ways, especially when the judges upon the bench, the prosecuting attorneys at the bar, the juries who bring in verdicts, point out the way, in which marriage obligations can be discarded and sensuality be grati- fied without risk or without punishment ? The press and sectarian pulpits also echo the advice. The universal voice is : " Put away your wives, cease to support them and their children ; he as we are, and you need not be put under bonds, be fined, or be in- carcerated in prison." Foul desire opens wide her arms and invites all to her lecherous embrace by easier paths than honorable marriage and the begetting of numerous children, to be care- fully trained and educated and made respectable and useful citizens. Will the world see this ? Every man who goes to prison for his religion, every woman who, for love of truth and the husband to whom she is bound for time and eternity, submits to bonds and imprisonment, bears a powerful testimony to the world concerning the falsity of the views they entertain respecting us and our religion. If such noble and heroic sacrifices as men and women are now called upon to make for their religion by Federal courts do not teach the world the truth concerning us, then woe to the world, for nothing but the wrath of Almighty God will reach it. We join with all saints in invoking blessings upon the noble men and women who have exhibited their integrity to God and His cause, and their devotion to principle by submitting to bonds and imprisonment rather than deny their faith, or break their covenants. If anything were needed to sbow to the world that ourmarriages cannot be reduced to the level of the vile practices to which our defamers would drag ihem down their heroic conduct has furnished it. Thank God that so far in this persecu- tion at least as large a proportion have stood the test, without flinching or cowering as Jesus in his parable of the ten virgins intimated would be ready to meet the Bride- groom at his coming. Their names will be held in everlasting honor in time and eternity, not only as martyrs for religious truth, but as patriots who suff'ered in de- fense of the principle of religious liberty. Truths, such as God has revealed in these days, are not established without suffer- ing and sacrifice on the part of those who espouse and advocate them. It was for these truths that we were driven time and again from our homes, and were finally compelled to seek refuge in this mountain country, then known as the American des- ert. And now again we are menaced with ruin ; and for what ? Whom have we in- jured? Upon whose rights have we trespassed? It can be truthfully said we have not injured or trespassed upon any. Have we not, under the blessing of the Lord, changed these barren valleys into fruitful fields and gardens? Have we not estab- lished and maintained good and cheap government in every place which we have set- tled ? Has not every man who came into our borders and behaved himself been safe .in his property, person, and religion ? Have not peace and good order been the fruits of our presence ? To all these we can answer in the afifirmative. Have we en- deavored to force our doctrines or practices upon any one ? Have we in any manner threatened the peace of our neighbors or of the nation ? We certainly have not. Respecting the doctrine of celestial marriage, we could not, however much we might be disposed to do so, teach it to or enforce it upon nthers not of our faith without violating a command of God. We do not stand in the attitude of propagandists of polygamy. Wi- never have believed or taught that the doctrine of celestial marriage was designed for universal practice. The Lord has made this clear, and recent events among us have also made it clear. " Strait is the gate," says Jesus, " and narrow the way that leadeth unto the exaltation and continuation of the lives, and few there be that find it." ■,• ^^. ^ x • t^ r, r. There appears to be a fallacious idea abroad regarding this doctrme. It has been 26 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. asserted that there was a design to propagate it outside of our community and thus introduce into the United States an element opposed to the Christian views of this and other nations. On the contrary, our elders have been instructed not to introduce the practice of that principle anywhere putside of the gathering place of the saints; and they do not preach it abroad to any extent even in theory, except on occasions when it is called for or when they are assailed on account of it. At such times they respond by defending it as a doctrine of the Bible and not inconsistent with the laws of nature. It should also be understood that the practice is not generally admissible even among the Latter-day Saints. It is strictly guarded, the intention being to allow only those who are above reproach to enter into the relationship. The practice of the doctrine is not for extension beyond the church, and is even limited within its pale. The ideas, therefore, that plural marriage is a menace to the general monogamous system is without foundation. This fallacy is further ex- hibited by the fact of the popular antipathy with which it is regarded, people outside of our church exhibiting a disposition the reverse of favorable to its establishment in other communities, making the extension of its practice abroad impossible. Further- more, being strict believers in free-will, you Latter-day Saints know that no man or woman has ever been coerced into obligations of that kind, much less would we de- sire to enforce ic upon any other class of people. < But in all these events which are now taking place we recognize and acknowledge the hand of God. There is a wise purpose in it all which He will yet more fully make plain to us. One thing is clear, the saints are being tried in a manner never before known among us. The faithful rejoice aud are steadfast; the unfaithful fear and tremble. Those who have oil in their lamps and have kept them trimmed and burn- ing now have a light for their feet, and they do not stumble or fall ; those who have neither light nor oil are in perplexity and doubt ; they know not what to do. Is not this the fulfillment of the word of God and the teachings of His servants ? Have not the Latter-day Saints been taught all the day long that, if they would remain faith- ful and endure to the end, they must live their religion by keeping every command- ment of God ? Have they not been continually warned of the fate which awaited them if they committed sin f Can adulterers, fornicators, liars, thieves, drunkards, Sabbath-breakers, blasphemers, or siimers of any kind endure the trials which saints must pass through and expect to stand ? If there are any who entertain such a hope, they deceive themselves. Upon these sins God has pronounced judgment. No man or woman who js guilty of any of these transgressions of God's law can stand and retain His spirit. They must repent of them and put them far from them, or they will be left in darkness, and misery will be their doom. The Lord will not be mocked. He will not bear with hypocrites, but they will be spewed out. If all who call themselves Latter-day Saints were true and faithful to their God, to His holy covenants and laws, and were living as saints should, persecution would roll off from ns » ithout disturbing us in the least. But it is painful to know that this is not their condition. There are secret abominations practiced by those who are called saints, which the trials we are now passing through will reveal in a manner terrible to them. Open sins are also winked at and condoned by presidents, bishops, teachers, and parents in a manner offensive to God aud grievous to man. Proper care and vigilance are not exercised to keep wards and stakes cleansed from iniquity and to have transgressors dealt with. The innocent are thus made to suffer with the guilty ; for the Lord has commanded that the inhabitants of Zion must purge them- selves from iniquity, folly, covetousness, and vanity, and listen to and obey His laws, or they cannot have His protection. He has also said that if His people will obey His laws and keep His commandments, to do them, not in name only, but in reality, He will be their shield and protector and strong tower, and no man will be able to hurt them, for He will be their defense. These trials of our faith and constancy which we are now passing through will be overruled for our good and future pros- perity. In days to come we shall be able to look back and perceive with clearness how visibly God's providence is in all Ihat we now witness. Let us do all in our power to so live before the Lord that if we are persecuted it shall not be for wrong-, doing, but for righteousness. At the present time we may very pertinentlj inquire : Why are the people of these mountains treated as we now are ? Where in this broad land is the virtue of women so amply guarded or so jealously protected as here? No cry of hungry, naked, or outraged humanity has ever ascended to Heaven from our borders against the men whom the courts are now so busy in sending to prison and treating as criminals. There was a time in these mountains when adultery, fornication, whoredom, and ille- gitimacy were almost unknown. A woman was as safe from insult in traversing over our streets aud highways as if she were under her husband's or father's roof. Mar- riage was encouraged, vice was repressed. Women were free to form connections with the opposite sex to suit themselves, so long as those connections were sanctified by marriage. But what a change wo now behold! A tide of evil surges around us. REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 27 It threatens to overwhelm us, and to reduce us to ruin. The flood-gates of vice are opened upon us, and not content with the rush of this filthy stream into our cities and settlements, those who hate us would do more. They would invade our dwell- ings ; they wouid destroy our families ; they would loosen every bond which has held society together ; they would array wife against husband, child against i)arent, friend against friend ; they vroold make every man, woman, and child a spy, an informer, and a betrayer ; they would sap the foundation of faith, confidence, and honor, and make every one distrnst his fellow. Satan never wrought greater ruin in Eden than these enemies of Ours would work in our midst if we would listen to their blandish- ments or be frightened by their threats. And is all this havoc to be wrought because of our -wickedness f No ; ten thousand times, no. Let those who are so loud iu de- nouncing us, so active in persecuting us, look aronnd them. Are there no people but the "Mormons" to regenerate and purge fiom sin? Read the daily record of black crime which fills the journals of the laud. If the correction of evil, the improvement of morals, the uprooting of vice, the repression of violence and crime were the ob- jects which animate those who seek to destroy society in these mountains, then we could say, in the language of the Saviour, " Thou t.hy.self beholdest not the beam that is in thine own eye. Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye." We speak to you, a people who have traveled andmingled much in society all over the world. You are not ignorant of the world, its ways or its corruptions. You know, therefore, how great is the beam that is in the eyes of those who reprove us for the mote they imagine they perceive in our eye. We know that from the household of e-very faithful Latter-day Saint daily and fervent thanksgiving ascends to^the God of Heaven for having shown them how to escape from the frightful evils under which society groans in so-called civilized lands. Nevertheless, we will not indulge in re- crimination. We sincerely mourn over the existence of th^ dreadful sins which are permitted to flourish and to spread with unblushing front through the land. As a peo- ple we have lifted our voices in warning against these sins, and against those who practice them. We shall still continue to do so. If in return for all this we are treated with violence and reproach, it is no more than our Lord and Master was be- fore us. We may rest assured that the predictions concerning the calamities and judgments which are about to fall upon thewioked, the unbelieving, and the unre- pentant will all be fulfilled, as will every word and promise which the Lord has spoken to us. But while we warn others, let ns not forget ourselves or our families. Let us look well to our own lives and the conduct and lives of those who belong to our households. If we keep ourselves unspotted from sin, rest assured the Lord will never forget or forsake us. Upon presidents of stakes, bishops, and other leading officers great responsibility rests. They are placed as shepherds over the flock of Christ. If through any neg- lect of theirs the flock is Injured or destroyed, the blood of those souls will be found upon their garments. The Melchizedec and Aarouic priesthoods confer great power and authority upon man ; they lift man nearer to God and make him His representa- tive. But woe to the men who use their priesthood for base purposes, and fail to use it for God's glory and the salvation of His children. Far better for them if they had never received it. We have been commanded of the Lord to set our households in order. Apostles, presidents of stakes, and bishops, have you done this with your own households ? Have you also seen that the saints have done the same ? Have you impressed upon the people under your charge the absolute necessity of purity, if they desire the bless- ing and protection of the Most High ? Wolves never watched with greater cunning and more ravenous hunger a flock of sheep and lambs than the people of your wards and stakes are now being watched by those who are ready to devour them. Are you awake to this danger, and do you take every precaution against it ? Parents, are you full of fidelity yourselves to every principle of godliness, and do you surround your sons and daughters with every safeguard to shield them from the arts of the vile ? Do yon teach them that chastity in both man and woman should be more highly esteemed than life itself? Or do you leave them in their ignorance and inexperience to mix with any society they may choose, at any hour that may be convenient to ihem, and to be exposed to the wiles of the seducer and the corrupt? These are questions you will all have to answer either to your shame and condemna- tion or to vour joy and eternal happiness. Know this, that God, in giving us the precious blessings we possess, demands from us a suitable return. By receiving them we are placed under obligations. If these are not discharged, condemnation inevitably We hear favorable accounts of the action of primary associations, Sunday-schools, voung men's and young women's mutual improvement associations, and relief socie- ties These organizations have unlimited opportunities of doing good. If those who have them in charge are faithful in attending to their duties, great will be their re- ward If we desire the prosperity of Zion, we will carefully guard and train our 28 REPORT OF THE GOVEENOR OF UTAH. young. They come to us pure from the Lord. By proper training we can make them mighty instruments for good. But, .superintendents and teachers of primary associa- tions and Sunday-schools, and presidents of young men and young women's associa- tions and relief societies, remember this, that God will never bless an unvirtuous peo- ple, and while a flood-tide of corruption, destructive of all true morality and virtue, is sweeping over the land, we must erect barriers to stop its coBtamiuating influence. You have the young in your charge. Teach and impress upon them by every means in your power how dreadful a sin is uuohastity. They are taught to shrink in horror from murder : but they should be taught to shrink with abhorrence from the next great siu to shedding blood, and that is wnchastUy. From the elders who are abroad in our owii and in other lands we hear generally favorable reports.' They have much to contend with. The world is waxing worse and worse. Iniquity abounds. Men's hearts are hardened against the truth, and the nations are fast being prepared for the judgments which the Lord has said He will pour out in the last days. The elders are required to carry the message which God has sent to mankind to every nation, and to warn them, not in anger or in scorn, but in meekness and humility, that they may flee from the wrath to come. To them we say: Be pure in all your thoughts, words, and acts. Keep yourselves unspotted from every evil. Avoid all vulgarily of act and expression. Put away all your light speeches, and be sober men of God, filled with the Holy Ghost and the power of your priesthood. To the twelve apostles and their counselors we say : Remember the weight of your high calling in Christ Jesus. You are called to be His special witnesses in all the world, to bear testimony that He lives and reigns on high, to see that the gospel is preached to all the inhabitants of the earth, and that the earth is prepared oy suitable warn- ing for the coming of the Son of Man. How great and all-important is your calling! It may be said that the souls of a world are entrusted to yon. Through your labors and testimony, either in person or through other chosen messengers whose labors you direct, the inhabitants of the earth will be judged. Is there any law of God, then, which you should neglect 1 Is there any degree of purity which you should not reach? Is there any sacrifice which you should not be willing to make? Can men with such a calling asyours he other than holy and yet please our God ? Who among you can neglect the duties of your high calling to devote time and care to the world and its pursuits ? We say to you in all truth and solemnity that no one of you can do this without displeasing your God and endangering your salvation. To the saints we say that President Woodruff, at our last accounts, was in good health and spirits, notwithstanding his advanced age, and as full of zeal and faith as ever. President Joseph F. Smith, oar fellow-laborer in the first presidency, though not with us, is actively employed in the ministry and rejoicing greatly in the work of God. He is as ardent, as devoted, and as persevering as ever. Were he here, his name, without doubt, would appear with ours to this epistle. Notwithstanding all that we are now passing through, our hearts are filled with joy and peace. We can truly say, Hosannah to God in the highest! We know that Zion will not be overthrown or be made desolate. Every promise made concerning Zion by the Almighty will be fulfilled. The only thing which ever disturbs our serenity is the report of wrong-doing by those who are called Latter-day Saints. Praying that God will bless and preserve you and lead you in the path of righteous- ness, and that you may all operate together in the accomplishment of the purposes of God and the purification of His Church and the establishment of His Kingdom, we remain, with much love, your friends and fellow-laborers in the New and Everlasting Covenant. JOHN TAYLOR, GEORGE Q. CANNON, Of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City, October 6, 1885. Exhibit B. Department of Justice, Washington, D. C, June 5, 1885. Sir: At the instance of the Utah Commission, the honorable (H. L. Muldrow, Act- ing) Secretary of the Interior, in a letter dated the 22d ultimo, requested my opinion upon the following questions : Whether certain Territorial oificers in Utah, namely, superintendent of district schools, auditor of public accounts, treasurer, and commissioners to locate university REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 29 lands, should be appointed by the governor, with the assent of the legislative council or chosen by the people at thei;r general election. For convenience, so much of the question as relates to the commissioners will be considered separately, as the appointment or election of those officers appears to be controlled by a piovision not applicable to the other. Upgn examination of the statutes enacted by the Territorial legislature, it appears that the superintendent, auditor, and treasurer are thereby required to be elected biennially at the general election by the qnaliiied voters of the Territory. (See Compiled Laws of Utah, 1876, page 247; act of February 22, 1878, chapter 11, Laws of the Twenty-third session, page 27. ) The organic laws, however (see section 7, of the act of Congress of September 9', 1850, chapter 51), declares that "the governor shall nomiiiate, and by and with the advice and consent of the legislative council, appoint all officers not herein otherwise provided for." And as the three Territorial officers last mentioned are not therein "otherwise provided for," a direct conflict manifestly exists between the statutes of the Territorial legislature above referred to and the organic law. The organic law of a Territory takes the place of a constitution as a fundamental law of the local government. It is obligatory on and binds the Territorial authori- ties. (National Bank vs. County of Yankton, 101 United States, 29.) Any act of the Territorial legislature inconsistent therewith must be held void. (Ferris vs. Higley, 20, Wall 375.) Congress may, undoubtedly, make avoid act of the Territorial legis- lature valid and a valid act void. (101 U. S., supra.) But for the exercise of this power some legislative act on its part having that effect would be necessary. Certainly nothing can be implied in favor of the validity of a Territorial statute which conflicts with an express provision of the organic law of the Territory from the mere fact that Congress has not disapproved it. It follows that the statutes of Utah, in so far as they require the superintendent of district schools, auditor of public accounts, and treasurer of the Territory to be elected, being contrary to the organic law hereinbefore mentioned, are a nullity, and that those officers should be appointed, in conformity to that provision. A similar conclusion was reached by the supreme court of that Territory in regard to the Territorial marshal, who, by an act of the legislature of the Territory, was re- quired to be elected by a joint vote of both houses thereof. The court held the act to be unconstitutional with the provisions of the organic law above adverted to, and therefore void. (See Ex parte Duncan, &c., 1 Utah Rep., 81.) In regard to the commissioners, these officers are by the Territorial statutes required^, to be elected annually by the qualified voters at the general election. (Comp. Laws" of Utah, 1876, p. 241.) By the third section of the act of Congress of February 21, 1855, chapter 117, a cer- tain quantity of land was reserved for the establishment of a university, to be selected under the direction of the legislature, &c. The legislature of the Territory provided for the selection of this land by creating a board of commissioners, to consist of three men, elected as above, and devolving upon such board the duty of selecting the land. I am of the opinion that the Territorial legislature, by virtue of said act, was in- vested with full power over the selection of the land, including the establishment of the agency by which such selection was to be accomplished. It was at liberty to de volve the duty of selecting on officers alreal'dy created, or authorize the appointment of persons for that purpose by such officers or by the governor, or otherwise provide the instrumentality for carrying its will upon the subject into effect. The commissioners in question are not therefore to be regarded as within the oper- ation of the above-mentioned provision of the organic law, and their election in the manner prescribed by the Territorial statutes is proper. I am, sir, very-respectfuUy, ^ ^ GARLAND, Attorney- General. Hon. L. Q. C. Lamar, Secretary of the Interior: Exhibit C. Statement of United States land office, Salt Lake City, Utah, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1885. Pre-emption filings....- r-----"'ai"'' ^!5 Pre-emption cash entries, embracing 5,551.67 acres . . , 46 Homestead entries, embracing 63,538.80 acres 444 Homestead proofs, embracing 48,234.43 acres 341 Desert entries, embracing 81,643.23 acres : 441 Desert proofs, embracing 6,927.47 acres..., 45 30 EEPOKT OP THE GOVEENOJS OF UTAH. Timber-culture entries, embracing 15,842.86 acres -. 127 Timber-culture proofs, embracing 80 acres 1 Coal entries, embracing 52.44 acres 1 Mineral applications 53 Mineral entries 89 Adverse mining claims 2 This table shows an increase in the following classes of entries over the preceding year : Homestead entries acres.. 2,847.34 Desert entries do... 43,141.92 Desert proofs do... 1,369.89 Timber-culture entries .., do... 4,650. 77 Timber-culture proofs do... 80 Pre-emption filings 59 There has been a decrease in the following classes of entries : Pre-emption cash entries acres. . 3, 070. 55 Homestead proofs do.. . 8,988. 05 Coal entries do.. . 631. 27 Mineral entries 49 Mining applications - '. 60 Adverse mining claims , 6 Exhibit D. Report of schools supported by different denominations. METHODIST SCHOOLS. S"o. of soholars. Salt Lake Seminary 202 Ogden Seminary 116 .Tooele Seminary 63 Beaver Seminary 60 Provo Seminary i 80 Grantsville School 42 Ophir School 30 Park City Seminary 75 Mount Pleasant School 26 Salt Lake Norwegian School 97 Francklyu School 1 23 Heber School 43 Fountain Green School y 865 ROMAN CATHOLIC SCHOOLS. St. Mary's Academy, Salt Lake City 200 Sacred Heart Academy, Ogden I50 St." Mary's School, Park City '.'.'.'... 200 School of the Holy Cross, Salt Lake City '.'.'.'... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 60 610 BAPTIST SCHOOLS. Salt Lake Mission School j25 Ogden Mission School '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.". 80 205 EPISCOPAL SCHOOLS. Saint Mark's School, Salt Lake City 490 Rowland Hall Boarding School, Salt Lake City '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .V. 85 School of the Good Shepherd, Ogden ; !.'!"." I35 Saint Paul's School, Plain City '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. 35 Saint John's School, Logan '.'.'.'.'.['.'.'.'..'. 50 795 Of which 295 are free scholars. REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 31 NEW WEST EDUCATION COMMISSION. Prof. Isaac Hiise reports as follows : "The work of tlie commission is virtually the work of the Congregational Church. Educational work began in 1879 by giving aid to the recently organized Salt Lake Academy, and by starting free schools at four places. Since 1879 many more schools have been organized, all of which, with two or three exceptions, are now running. Last school year there were enrolled in Utah and in one school just across the Idaho line, 1,915 pupils, with an average attendance of 1,113 in 28 schools; of these 1,915 1,250 were of Mormon families or of families of Mormon proclivities. This year, ou October 8, there are 39 teachers at work in Utah, and no deserving child is refused on account of poverty. Acadeipies for higher education are located in Salt Lake City, Ogden, Park City, Lehi, and Provo. No sectarian doctrines are taught «r intro- duced in any of the schools.'* PEESBYTBRIAK SCHOOLS. Rev. Dr. R. G. McNince reports as follows : "The Presbyterian denomination is now carrying on thirty-one day schools in Utah, in which abont nine hundred children and youth are beiug educated, 75 per cent, of them being children of Mormon parentage. These schools are practically free, since the buildings and teachers costthe patrons nothing in most oases. With one exception the local receipts are not sufficient to pay for the fuel and annual repairs. In these schools fifty-three teachers are employed, most of them experienced teachers from the East. Nothing of a denominational character is taught; they are simply American schools. It costs the Presbyterian denomination $26,000 a year directly from its treasury to nuiintain this educational work, and everyone who stops long enough to look through this matter cannot help seeing that it is a piece of gross injustice for our Government to put the burden of this common-school education in Utah upon the shoulders of the various Christian denominations, especially since the American resi- dents in Utah are taxed to support purely Mormon schools which they never patronize. The Government should at once take charge of the public-school system in Utah by appointing an American as superintendent of public instruction and taking the school system out of the hands of the Mormon priesthood, who are training up the children and youth of this Territory to hate our country and all American institutions. " These American schools " * • are bitterly opposed by the priesthood. In Mor- mon towns it is no uncommon thing for these school buildings to be stoned and be- smeared with filth ; and it is still less uncommon for the self-sacrificing women who have left their pleasant homes in the East to carry on this educational work, to be pub- licly subjected to the vilest insinuations and slanders in the addresses of the priest- hood in the Mormon tabernacles." (4707—2000) REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH SEORETAKY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 6. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFEIOB. 1886. REPORT GOVERlfOR OF UTAH TO THE SECRETAEY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 6 6 WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PBINTING OPPIOE. 1886. 7397 UT REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH Teebitort of Utah, Executive Office, Salt Lake City, October — , 1886. Sir : In complianpe with your request, the following report of the affairs of this Territory, together with such suggestions as I deem of importance requiring the attention of Congress, I have the honor to submit. SCHOOLS. From the latest report of the Territorial superintendent of district schools, made to the legislative assembly in January last, the follow- ing comparative statement of the condition of the public schools in the years 1884 and 1885 is made: 1884. 1885. Increase. Decrease. 327 295 121 75 259 261 331 25, 037 23, 852 15,496 13, 839 60 19, 073 332 301 119 63 273 290 324 25, 835 24,803 16, 108 13, 870 59.2 18, 678 5 6 2 liiterinediate schools 12 14 29 Teacfaers : Male Female . .--. 7 Children of school age : Male 798 951 602 31 Female Children enrolled: Male Female '. . . Per cent, of school population enrolled 395 Financial statement. Average pay of teachers: $49 80 28 80 65, 147 71 322, 008 22 39, 730 47 6, 597 03 «49 10 29 60 66, 980 00 342, 970 43 42, 112 24 7, 481 49 $0 70 Female . . - • $0 80 , 1, 832 59 20, 064 2V 2, 381 11 ; 1 90!t 46 Value of school property : Baildiugs Furniture REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Financial statement — Continued. 1884, I 1885. Increase. Decrease. Balance of funds on hand Amount realized from annual Territorial tax of 3 mills ; Amount realized from district tax Amount realized from sales of estrays Amount realized from tuition fees Amount realized from donations Amount realized from rents Total amount received Amount paid to teachers : Male Female Amount expended for — Buildings Desks, seats, &c Apparatus, &c Eepairs ._ Improvements l . .' Current expenses, exclusive of salaries Miscellaneous expenses Total expenditures $39, 909 31 89, 396 65 62, 266 92 2, 323 56 61, 237 72 4, 496 54 3, 803 32 $55,890 10 89, 208 55 62,608 50 1, 849 65 59, 768 33 4, 915 77 2, 795 97 $15, 980 79 341 58 419 23 $98 11 473 91 1, 469 39 260, 434 02 277, 126 87 16,682 85 76, 368 59 56, 512 10 21, 979 92 10, 266 25 2, 152 13 7, 425 08 5,330 99 12, 205 30 12, 700 03 90, 778 34 52, 116 57 34, 637 40 6, 788 68 1, 776 49 5,468 21 8, 283 98 14, 386 53 14, 608 11 13, 409 75 2, 395 53 3, 477 57 375 64 1, 956 87 2, 952 99 2 281 23 1, 908 08 203, 840 39 228, 844 31 On the 28tli of Pebraary, 1850, an act was passed by the provisional government of the State of Deseret incorporating the University of the State of Deseret, and this action was approved by the legislative as- sembly of the Territory of Utah on October 4, 1851. The act provided for the location of the universitj' at Salt Lake City, and vested its powers in a chancellor aud twelve regents, to be elected by the legisla- tive assembly. The university had but a nominal existence until March 8, 1869, at which time it was more thoroughly organized as an institu- tion for scientific, normal, and classical instruction. The legislative as- sembly, at the session of 1876, provided for an annual appropriation to the university of $5,000, in return for which forty pupils, selected from the different counties of the Territory, were to be educated free of charge in the normal department. In 1880 an additional appropriation of $20,000 was made to the university to aid in the erection of a build- ing suitable to its wants. A.t the time of commencing work upon the building the total cost was estimated at $75,000. After the amount appropriated by the legislature had been exhausted, aid was secured from other sources, as follows : Subscription loan made in 1883, $24,541.70; 1885, $1,887.70; borrowed from educational fund of 1885, $5,276.17; which amount, with the leg- islative appropriation, makes a total of $51,705.57 expended upon the building, and which has been disbursed as follows: In 1881 $14,859 92 I°l^*^ 29,416 28 I" 1885 7429 37 Total 51,705 57 The present liabilities are $41,673.43, and it is estimated that $23,- 326.57 will be required to complete the building. The legislative assembly of 1886 placed in the general appropriation bill the following item : "For completing and furnishing the Deseret University buildings, $60,000;" but the bill failed to become a law by reason of the veto of the governor, my predecessor. In 1884, $4,000 was appropriated to* the university for the purpose of creating a department for the education of deaf-mutes. The success EEPOET OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 5 which has attended the efforts made to instruct this class has been very gratifying. In 1884 a class of flfteen,and in 1885 a class of eight- een was enrolled. For the two years 1884 and 1885 the receipts of the university were : Balance on hand January 1, 1884 , $3,210 58 Tuition fees 12, 617 20 Territorial appropriation 1884 (annual) 5,000 00 Territorial appropriation 1885 (annual) 5, 000 00 Territorial appropriation 1884 (deaf mutes) 4, 000 00 For analyses 22100 For old books '. 4 40 Total 30,053 18 Of this amount $25,217.85 was disbursed, leaving a balance of $4,8,^5.33 to carry on the school till May 29, 1886, the end of the school year. There also remained a liability of $301.93, to be paid from the balance mentioned. In 1884 230 males and 138 females were in attendance, over 40 being enrolled in the normal department, from which department 13 were graduated. In 1885 214 males and 139 females were in attendance, 62 being in the normal department. From the university 2, and from the normal department 10, were graduated. In connection with the great work of educating the youth of the Ter- ritory is the system of mission schools established by the different Christian denominations represented iu Utah. When it is considered that the work is being carried forward among a people whose leaders are hostile to every movement which they do not control, the success which has attended their efforts is remarkable, and the great and good work they are doing in the interest of law and order cannot be too highly commended. I submit herewith, from information furnished by their authorities, a table showing the number of schools, pupils, and teachers, and the value of the school property : Schools. Teachers. Pupils. Value of property. Episcopal Church Catholic Church Baptist Church Congresational Church Metnodiflt Church Presbyterian Church.. Total 5 29 7 40 1 3 25 45 14 27 31 62 769 800 140 1,900 837 1,890 $42, 000 86, 000 2,000 80, 000 * 80, 000 60, 500 6,336 350, 500 * Estimated. It is an interesting fact that of the 837 enrolled pupils iu the Methodist schools 247 were from Mormon families, and 279 from apostate Mormon families. CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. Insane Asylum. — This institution, located at Provo, in Utah County, affords a comfortable home and proper treatment for the unfortunate insane of the Territory. More than $100,000 has been wisely and eco- nomically expended upon the grounds and buildings of the asylum. The affairs of the institution are managed with care and economy, and 6 EEPOET OF TH? GOVEENOR OF UTAH. educated and skillful treatment given to its inmates. The number of patients under treatment at this time is, males 35, females 84, at an aver- age daily expense per capita during the month of September, 1886. of 62 J cents. The average daily cost per capita from January 1 to Septem- ber 30, 1886, was 71 cents. Of the 81 inmates admitted since the opening of the asylum, 57 were of foreign birth; of these 31 were males, 26 fe- males. Of the other inmates 16 were from Utah, 5 males and 10 females. Under the provisions of the law the expenses of the patients are borne equally, one-half by the Territory and one-half by the counties. The amount due to the asylum fiom the Territory on this account was $8,489.98, on August 1, 1886. At the same time the indebteness of the asylum was $9,127.87. At the last session of the legislative assembly an appropriation of $25,000 was made to the asylum for the years 1886 and 1887, one-half to be drawn each year. The bill failed to become a law by reason of the veto of the then governor, and this sum was, therefore, unavailable. The asylum has been compelled to rely upon the aid of the counties, the generosity of its creditors, and upon borrowed means. Hospitals. — Nobly supplementing the humane work of caring for the insane are the hospitals of this city in alleviating and ministering to human suftering. These hospitals have been created and are supported by Christian charity. I submit the following statement of their condi- tion and work for the |,a8t year : ■ Attending physicians. FatientB treated. Annnal expense. Valne of property. St. Mark's Hospital 2 2 6 991! ,00 334 $14, 411 15, 000 3,900 $18,600 40 000 Hospitalof the Holy Cross 3,000 10 1,390 63, 311 61, 60O PENITENTIAEY. The good health that has prevailed and continues to prevail with the inmates of the prison, under crowded and unfavorable conditions, speaks well for its conduct and management. During the month of August, 1886, the number of prisoners confined was 134. Preliminary to the commencement of the work of constructing and completing the penitentiary, under the appropriation made by Congress for that purpose, the board constituted by the Interior Department have advertised for plans and specifications, and will in a few days report to the Department the result. INDUSTRIAL Hf)ME. At the last session of Congress an appropriation of $40,000 was made to aid in the establishment of an iadustrial home in the Territorv of Utah, to provide employment and means of support for the dependent women, and the children of such women of tender age, with a view to aid in the suppression of polygamy, said sum to be expended by a board of control to consist of the governor, justices of the supreme court, and district attorney. The board was called together, and, as a prelimi- nary step looking to the establishment of the home, it was resolved that REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 7 notification through the public press be given of the object and extent of said appropriation, and that private inquiry be set on foot to ascer- tain the uamber that could be found of the classes contemplated by the law, so that the appropriation might be utilized and the home estab- lished as soon as needed. AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND MINES AND MINING. It is a matter of regret that no provision has been made by Territo- rial law for, the gatheriug and the preservation of statistical information of the agricultural and mechanical and manufacturing industries and of mines and mining. In the absence of such data my report will necessarily not be as full, complete, and accurate as it is desirabte it should be. During the past season the orchard and garden products have been abundant and of excellent quality. The crop of cereals has been at least one-quarter less than that of the previous year; alfalfa or lucerne, which is our principal crop* has also been one-fourth less, the decrease resulting from a very dry and hot spring and summer. Of the principal productions, wheat, oats, and barley, the estimated product and the area, under cultivation are as follows : Under cultivation. Product Wheat Oats Barley Total Acres. 150, 000 50, 000 30, 000 Bushelg. 3, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 500, 000 230, 000 4, 500, GOO The principal manufacturing establishments are found in the coun- ties of Salt Lake, Weber, Utah, Cache, and Box Elder. To the north and the south of these counties the flouring and grist mills and saw- mills, which are found in all of the principal settlements and towns, form the greater part, if not all, of the productive establishments. Prora reports made to me I am able to say that the quantity of man- ufactured goods produced during the past year indicates a very grati- fying prosperity. I submit such facts as I have been able to obtain from a few of the principal manufacturing establishments. Value of product. Value of plant. Z. C. M. 1., l)oots and shoes, 91,400 pairb Z. C. M. I., tannery -^ Z.C.M.I., clothing Deaeret Woolen Mills Provo Manufacturing Company Total $130, 000 '36,700 44, 990 100, 000 200, 000 611, 690 $24, 500 48, 500 4,000 65, 000 276, 250 358, 250 The goods manufactured by these establishments find a market in Utah, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Wyoming, and Nevada. 8 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. One of the growing iudustries of the Territory is the manufacture of salt. The salt is produced by evaporation. The waters of the Great Salt Lake are drained into reservoirs constructed for the purpose. In a few days the water evaporates, leaving the crystals of salt ready to be gathered for market. Salt is used very largely in the reduction of ores, probably three fourths of the product being used at Butte, Mont., and at Park Olty, Utah. For the past year it is estimated that 15,000 tons were produced, worth $3 per ton. Another of the growing industries of the Territory is the manufacture of lager. beer. In 1885 the total number of breweries in Utah was 14, and located as follows: Salt Lake City, 4; Ogden, 2; Logan, 2; Park City, 1; Corinne, 1; Sandy, 1; Murray, 1; Thistle, 1; Silver Eeef, 1. The total product of malt liquor during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1886, was 24,698 barrels, which, at an average price of $11, was worth $271,678. The consumption of malt during the same period was 61,745 bushels, or 1,050 tons. The aggregate value of the brewery plants, esti- mated, is $500,000. Of mines and mining my information is that, notwithstanding the dei)ression in the price of silvet, none of the mines in this Territory have been compelled to stop operations by reason thereof, although in some districts it has resulted in a reduction of miners' wages. The out- look for the production ,of the precious metals is very promising, and will, under favorable conditions and the maintenance of the fair values of the metals produced, no doubt realize the expectations indVilged. The mineral product of the Territory for the calendar years 1884 and 1885, carefully prepared from reliable sources by Mr. J. E. Dooley, manager of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s bahk of this city is here given : - Lead, re- fined. Lead, unre- fined. Fine silver. Fine gold. BASE BULLION. Gtirmania Lead Works Pounds. 4, 840, 987 Pounds. 1, 513, 455 12, 390, 865 22, 380, 027 11, 860, 446 Ounces. 60,264 651, 699 1, 435, 696 326, 579 Ounces. 292 2,138 Horn Silver Mining Company 1,111 4, 840, 987 48, 144, 793 7, 879, 100 776,421 3,325 265 Matte containing copper, 63,372 pounds Total base bullion and ores, 63,372 pounds 4, 840, 987 56, 023, 893 3, 253, 984 3,806 DOEE BARS. Germania Lead Works 2S3, 982 1, 879 567 234, 563 17, 392 685 Ontario Silver Mining Company Silver Eeef district Other mills and places 1,039 Total dore bars 2, 415, 504 1,724 EECAPITULATION. 4,840,987 pounds refined lead, at 3J cents per pound sirq im. si 56,023,893 pounds uurefiaed lead, at $35 per ton ' 980418 12 5,669,488 ounces fine silver, at $1.08 per ounce ' g 123' 047 04 5,530 ounces fine gold, at $20 per ounce '. llo'eoo 00 63,872 pounds copper, at 10 cents per pound 6337 20 Total export value / 7,389,836 90 Computiug the gold aad silver at its mint valuatioa aud other metals at their value at the s-iaboard, it would inurease tUo value ot the product to $9,301,508. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 1886. Lead, un- refined. Fine silver. Fine gold. BASE BULLION. ■Germ ania Lead "Works Pounds. 7, 975, 400 9, 352, 644 4, 905, 932 11, 744, 000 Ovnces. 629, 754 686, 686 123, 062 403, 081 Ounces. ■ 1,404 H'orn Silver Mining Company (three months) 1,586 Net product hase biillion 33, 977, 976 20, 340, 800 1, 822, 682 1, 366, 994 6,148 2,141 Lead, silver, and gold In ores shipped Total 54, 318, 776 3, 189, 576 7,289 UOKE BASS. 2, 378, 82] 375, 933 28, 359 Silver Eeef district ' 2, 783, 113 KECAPITTJLAXION. 54,318,776 pounds unrefined lead, at $45 per ton '. $1, 222, 172 46 5,972,689 ounces fine silver, at .$1.04 » 6, 211, 596 56 S,80B ounces fine gold, at $20 178,060 00 Total export value .' 7,611,829 02 Computing the goM and silver at its mint valuation and other metals at their value at the seaboard, it vrould increase the value of the product to $10,078,865.65. Comparatioe statement ahowimg the quantity of the silver and gold contained in base liullion produced in Utah . Year. Total silver pro- duced. Total gold pro- duced. SUver in ores and base bull- ion. Gold' in ores and base bull- ion. Total silverprod- uot. Total gold prod- uct. 1877 . . Ounces. 4, 359, 703 4, 357, 328 3, 835, 047 3,783,566 5, 400, 191 5, 435, 444 4, 531, 763 5, 669, 488 5, 972, 689 OuTicea. 17, 325 15, 040 15, 932 8,020 7,958 9,039 6,991 5, 530 8,903 Ounces. 2, 102, 098 2, 108, 339 1, 797, 689 1, 403, 819 3, 643, 899 2, 681, 789 2, 361, 190 3, 253, 984 8, 189, 676 Ounces. 11, 036 10. 165 6,693 2,878 ■ 2, 622 5,016 5,597 3,806 7,289 Per cent. 48.2 4R.3 46.8 37.1 48.9 47.3 51.8 57.4 53.4 Per cent. 63 & 1878 1879 : 1880 35 8 1881 1882 55 5 1883 1884 68 8 1885 Comparative statement of the value of lead hiillion, includint/ silver and gold necessarily pro- duced in its manufacture, west of the Missouri River. (Compiled from the annual reports issued by John J. Valentine, vice-president and general manager Wells, Fargo & Co., San Francisco.] Tear. Total Total value | value of ^of precious { lead bullion, metals, includ- including gold ing lead. and silver contents. Percent, of entire product. 1878 1879 1880 1881 1883 1883 1884 $81, 154, 622 76, 349, 501 80, 167, 936 84, 504, 417 92, 411, 836 90, 313, 612 84, 975, 954 $14, 740, 681 19, 234, 394 28,114,664 30, 263, 430 35, 798, 750 .34, 810, 022 31, 191, 250 18.1 25.5 35 35.8 38.7 38.5 '36.7 The above statement shows a marked annual increase in the percentage of precious metals produced in the manufacture of base bnllion. It demonstrates conclusively that the process of smelting is in the ascendant for the reduction of ores, and that any causes tending to decrease or discourage the production of lead will produce a corresponding decrease in the gold and silver produotiou west of the Missouri River. 10 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. From the same and other sources I learn that the output for the first six months of the present year is about the same as that of the last year for a similar period. The principal mining districts are situated at Park City, Stockton^ Tintic, Bingham, Little Cottonwood, Frisco, and Silver Eeef. In these districts a vast amount of capital has been invested, with gratifying re- sults. I regret very much that 1 am not able to furnish a detailed ac- count of the operations in these districts, or of the magnitude of _the enterprises now being cnrried forward. T have this much-to-be-desired information from only one district, Park City, the most important in the Teri'itory. I furnish herewith a table showing the amount of ore taken from and of the improvements made upon the leading mines. Ontario Silver Mining Company Daly Mining Company Crescent Miniug uonipany . - - . Sampson Mining Company Anchor Mining Company * Morgan Mining Company * Total Value of im- provementa. $i, 100, 000 00 500, 000 00 40, 000 00 90, 000 00 125, 000 00 25, 000 00 3, 180, 000 00 Valne of ore sold for 12 months. $3, 212, 295 56- 1, 850, 000 00 350,000 00 180, 000 00 4, 592, 295 58- * Not yet producing. CATTLK, SHEEP, AND WOOL. The total of horned stock in the Territory is estimated at 450,000 and of sheep 1,100,000. The wool product for the past season is estimated at 7,000,000 pounds, worth about 20 cents per pound, as compared with 6,250,000 pounds, worth 16 cents a pound, the product and price in 188+. The magnitude of the growing stock interests of the West requires- and should receive attention while the subject of the public lauds is being considered by Congress. If it is possible to devise a system by which the public lands suitable at, tbis time only for grazing purposes can be leased to stockmen, without interfering with the settlement of the country by homesteaders, it would tend to encourage and develop these valuable and growing interests. It may be possible to make a classification of the jjublic lauds, so as to enable stockmen to acquire the use of land which can never be used for other than grazing purposes. PUBLIC LANDS. I submit herewith a comparative statement of the bdsiness transacted in the United States land office at Salt Lake City for the two years commencing July 1, 1884, and ending .June 30, 1886: Cash entries Homestead entries Final homestead entries . Desert entries Final desert entries Mineral entries Coal cash entries Pre-emption filings Coal filings From July 1, 1884, to I June 30, 1885. From July 1. 1885, to Jnne 30, 1886. Entries. 82 444 341 440 45 473 12 Acres. Entries. 5, 733. 53 63, 538. 81 48, 234. 43 81, 643. 23 6, 927. 47 919. 664 158 527 269 493 62 92 2 524 17 Acres. 9, 400. 84 77, 411. 52 37, 766. 33 82, 643. 82 10,598.51 561. 07 200. 70. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 11 SILK INDUSTRY. There is au iuterestiug' iuduslry of the Territory, yet in its infancy, which is worthy of mention, and it gives uie pleasure to incorporate the following iuforruation furnished to me: The present outlook is more flattering tliau at any previona period 8inre its ineep- tion. Our comparatively dpy climate and bench lauilti are admirably sixited tor the ciiltivatiou of the mulbeiry, which grows lux-iiiiauMy all along the foot-hills, pro- ducing healthy leaves, which constitute the food of the worms. Leaves grown in ■wet climates and watery soils are apt to piodufe diarrlnal diseases in the worm, and at times the mortality from this cause is very great. , There are now about 100 acres of mulberry trees in the Territory. For a good while the lfor«s»iMiticouJis, or Chinese mulberry, was moslly cultivated, but uow the Moras alba, or white tree, is superseding the multicaiilis, because of its superior silk-food qualities. It is estimated that some 17,000 pounds of cocoons have been raised in the Territory, averaging $1 per pound value. A large perceutnra of these have been reeled and vrnrked up at home. The residue have been shipped East and West, almost invariably, I imderstand, at a loss to the producers. There are uow 7 silk looms at work in this city, wh-ich find steady employmcut and ready local sale for their products. In other parts of the Territory the number of looms is two or throe. These do not run the year round. Dress goods in several grades and iiT great variety of style and pattern have been manufactured, aud many dozen gross of hand- kerchiefs in all colors ha\e been made. These tind a very ready sale. At one lime machine twist and other sewings of commendable quality were manufactured. The silk factory on Kanyon Boad expects soon to add a riblion loom to its already effifii-nt establishment, which is run by steam-power, and is under an able German worker and his wife, both experienced and practical manufacturers. Much of the raw silk uow in use is imported from Kew York > ity, and until a local filature is built aud put into operation importations must necessarily cotitinne. Utah has skilled silk work- ers from the great silk-goods producing countries of the Old World in great numbers. PUBLIC BUILDING. A public building for the accommodation of the district and supreme courts, post-office, land offices, and other Government offices is much needed here for the speedy and convenient dispatch of public business. An ai)proprintion for this purpose would be justified by reason of econ- omy, it no other existed. The Government is now paying in rents and allowances to officers for rent in this city the sum of $6,720. A site could be procured and suitable buildings could be erected for probably $100,000. I would recommend the appropriation of that amount for the purijose. TERRITORIAL APPROPRIATIONS. Congress was advised by a special message from the President, of date May 11, 1886, of the veto of the last general appropriation bill by my predecessor, and of the necessity of such immediate legislation as would authorize the assemblins' of the Territorial legislature in special session to make provision for the carrying on of the Territorial govern- ment. The bill reported to the lower house of Congress from the Committee on Territories, in pursuance of the message, failed to become a law, and the Territory is yet without the needed relief. On the 15th day of September last there was cash in the Territorial treasury $57,317.60. The amount now due, and which should and probably will be paid into the treasury on Territorial taxes on or before the 31st day of December next, is $97,125.22, a total of $154,442.82. Unless some provision is made this large sum will remain idle in the treasury while the obligations of the Territory will remain unpaid, impairing its credit, and leaving its citizens, who have attended its courts as jurors and wit- nesses without compensation, very many of whom are poor and illy able 12 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. to bear it, to become the prey of the crafty speculator, who will take ad- vantage of their needs — its educa«;ional and humane institutions to maintain their existence by borrowing money at the high rate of 10 per percent, per annum interest, thus imposingan additional burden upon the Territory, and allowing the other various interests this money is raised to serve to languish. There was due to jurors and witnesses for mileage and attendance in the district courts to December 31, 1885, the sum of $22,000. Since said date to St'ptember 1, 1886, the following amounts have become due: First district court $7, 429 73 Second district court 2, 329 90 Tliird district court 4, 103 40 Total 35,863 03 As shown heretofore in the statement of the Deseret University, its interest-bearing indebtedness at 10 per cent, per annum is $36,097.26. The insane asylum has now an indebtedness on board-and treatment account due the asylum of $8,489.98, part of which is bearing 10 per cent, per annum interest, and further indebtedness will have to be in- curred to keep the institution open and to provide board and treatment for its unfortunate inmates. . POLYGAMY AND LEGISLATION. The all-absorbing question in this Territory, dominating all others, hurtfully affecting its x>rosperity, impeding its advancement, and dis- turbing the quiet and happiness of its peoi)le, and the one question of the utmost concern and solicitude to the whole country, is the attitude of deiiance assumed and maintained by the Mormon people, who prob- ably are five-sixths of the whole j)opulation, to the law of Congress for the suppression of polygamy, known as the " Edmunds law." In all questions affecting the Mormon church and people, the polygamous and monogamous Mormous make common cause, stand together, and are united. They maintain publicly through their leaders and teachers, in their houses of worship, through their press, and privately in social and business circles, that the law is infamous, an interference with and a denial to them of that religious freedom guaranteed to all by the Con- stitution ; of their right and religious duty to continue in violation of the law their polygamous relations, and they deny the authority of Congress to regulate and interpose any restrictions as to the marital re- lation ; that the obedience which they owe and will cheerfully render to a power higher than any earthly power compels them to exercise their religious rights and privileges in the place of and in violation of the law; that they are prepared to, and will if required of them, sacri- fice their personal comfort, their property, suffer indefinite imprison- ment, and surrender life itself rather than yield and promise obedience to the law and forego the privileges they claim. The Government can have and hold but one position towards this people, which is of easy statement: Its" authority must be respected, its laws must be obeyed.' In the year 1884 a determined move was inaugurated for the enforce- ment of the law against polygamy, and since that time the Territorial officers of Federal appointment charged with the duty have been and continue vigilant and diligent in their efforts to that end. The dis- trict and supreme courts have been open and promptly disposing of business before them. While vigor has been shown in the prosecution EEPOET OP THE GOVEENOE. OF UTAH. 13 of offenders, it has been and continues to be the custom of the court, after conviction, to suspend the judgment and allow the convicted party to go free upon his simple promise that he will in the future obey the laws. Of the number convicted up to the 30th of June, 1886, but 7 have given the promise and accepted freedom. Seven days after assuming office in the Territory, on the 13th day of May, after consultation with Chief Justice Zane aud District At- torney Dickson, they approving aud concurring, I visited the ijeni- tentiary, where aboat 50 of those convicted under the law were im- prisoned, and y)roposed to all who would promise to obey the laws in the future our united efforts to secure from the President their par- don. Not one of them availed himself of this tender, but sent me a respectfully worded communication, signed by all, declining to do so. The following showing is made of the convictions obtained in the courts in polygamy aud unlawful cohabitation cases: From July 1, 1884, to June 30, 1885, 9 convictions were had, 3 for polygamy and 6 for unlawful cohabitation, 8 of whom resided in Salt Lake and 1 in Beaver County. From July 1, 1885, to June 30, 1886, there were 84 convictions, 3 for polygamy and 8 for unlawful cohabitation, making a total of 93 convictions. Of the 84 convictions obtained in the past year, 51 resided in Salt Lake, 11 in Weber, 8 in Beaver, 5 in Tooele, 3 in Box Elder, 1 in Utah, and 1 in Sevier County. Thus the convictions have all been had in 8 out of the 24 counties of the Territory. In the 16 counties in which no convictions have been had the Mormon population is largely in the ascendency, and it is known that the population in those counties be- lieve and practice polygamy as well as their brothers in the other coun- ties. In the first district court, which sits at Beaver, Beaver County, there are now pending 14 indictments for polygamy and unlawful cohab- itation. Three of those charged reside in Beaver, 5 in Garfield, 4 in Pi Ute, 1 in Kane, and 1 in Iron County. I have no information as to the number who have been arrested. In the second district court, held at Ogden, there are 55 indictments pending against those charged with a like offense, 34 of whom reside in Weber, 18 in Cache, 2 in Davis, and 1 in Box Elder County. Twenty of those residing in Weber County have not been arrested, and of the 18 residing in Cache County none have been arrested. In the second district court, held atProvo, 7 indictments are pending, all against citizens of Utah County. I have no information as to the number of arrests. In the third district court, held at Salt Lake City, there are 123 in- dictments pending, 115 against citizens residing in Salt Lake, 7 from Tooele, and 1 from Davis County. The clerk of the court says as to these indictments : "In a large number of these cases the defendants are at large, it not having been possible to arrest them." In three of the counties where no convictions have been had the Mor- mons have temples located where their secret rites of celestial or plural marriage are celebrated, namely, at Logan, Cache County, which lies north of Salt Lake ; at Manti, San Pete County, south of Salt Lake, and almost in the center of, and at Saint George, in Washington County, in the extreme southwestern corner of the Territory. Heretofore terms of the district court have only been hel d at Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County; at Ogden, Weber County; Provo, Utah County, and at Beaver, Beaver County. As the condition of business in the first and second districts will allow it, it is my purpose under the__^authority 14 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. vested in me by law to fix terms of the first district court to be held at Logan and Manti, and of the second district court at Saint George, be- lieving that the presence of the courts and its officers will have a whole- some effect in preventing the contracting and the celebrating of plural marriages, and that the authority of the law if not acknowledged may be equally felt in every part of the Territory, and that the place of resi- dence may not, as it seems to have heretofore done, furnish immunity from punishment to law violators. To secure a more satisfactory and eflflcient administration of the laws I would recommend that all fees of the marshal and his deputies, as to this Territory, be required to be covered into the Treasury, and that the marshal be paid a salary of not less than $5,000 per annum, and that he be allowed one deputy at $2,000 per annum, and one at $1,800 per annum ; that he be authorized to appoint and employ such other number of deputies as may be approved and authorized by a board to consist of the governor, justices of the supreme court, and the district attorney, to be paid at the rate of $4 per day while actually in service and on duty, the actual expenses of the marshal and his deputies, in- curred in the discharge of their duties, to be allowed them. It must be remembered always, in considering matters concerning Utah, the unusual and extraordinary conditions prevailing — a popula- tion of nearly if not quite 150,000 people hostile to the law, and ani- mated with religious fervor to resist and defeat its enforcement, believ- ing they are doing God's service when they can do so. The ordinary force of officers sufflcient in all of our other communities to successfully insure the supremacy of and obedience to the laws or the punishment of offenders fails here. The marshal and his deputies should be men of the very best char- acter and qualities. Their duties are onerous and unpleasant. To get and retain such men for such duties they must be liberally paid. The number of deputies needed will vary with the occasion, and I think that the marshal aud the board that I have suggested can safely be trusted to have on duty and under pay no greater number than is needed. I know of no armed organization for the purpose of opposing the law- ful authorities or resisting the enforcement of the laws, nor do'l believe any such now exists. The process out of the courts is met with no physical resistance, and society is peaceable, and no outbreaks have oc- curred since I came to the Territory. It is true, however, that a large majority of the people stoutly and stubbornly affirm, publicly and pri- vately, that the enforcement Of certain laws is destructive of their rights as freemen, an assault upon their religion, and an invasion of the sanctity of their homes. The minority with equal vigor and open- ness proclaim that the practices of those people are immoral; that they are disloyal to the Government, and that their attitude of defiance to the laws interferes with the advancement and prosperity of the Terri- tory, and inflicts injury upon all of its interests. It follows necessarily that the people here with a bitterness of feel- ing are divided as they are nowhere else in the country. The division is clear, distinct and palpable. The causes of division, in language not distinguished for its mildness, are constantly, earnestly, and vehemently discussed through the press, in the houses of worship, court-houses, hotels, business places, on the streets, and in the social circle, engendering an intense feeling of bit- terness. The vigorous enforcement of the unpopular laws against the people in the majority, with a prospect of further stringent legislation, REPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 15 does not tend to soothe or make them more amiable. Under the favor- able conditions existing for such a result, an outbreak of violence might be easily provoked. There is no militia here to appeal to, as there is in other well-ordered states, to suppress violence, maintain order, and enforce the law. Even with authority conferred to organize a militia force, I am of the opinion that with the feeling existing here a better reliance for the preserva- tion of the public peace would be found in regular troops. The statement of the situation makes apparent the need that may arise at any time for the prompt use of a strong, well-disciplined, and eflicient military force to aid the civil power. I would recommend that such a force of United States troops be placed and kept in garrison in this Territory, and that such laws may be passed as will make them as promptly available to the civil authorities here in suppressing vio- lence, quelling disorder, and aiding in the execution of the process of the courts as if they were the militia of the Temtory. The exhibition of the strength of the arm of power will often obviate the necessity for its use. It would surely be well to lessen the power and not permit an in- crease of the strength of this people so long as they remain as they now are hostile to the laws. Yet they have sent and are sending their mis- sionaries from here into many States of the Union, have and ard estab- lishing stakes and conferences, proselyting to their faith, and inducing immigration from those States and peopling this Territory. The immi- gration from the States is by families and individuals. I know of no way of ascertaining the extent of it. I have interposed the only power I legally possessed to stay the tide of this immigration. That the country might have an official statement of facts of the unlawful teach- ings and conduct of this people, and that others might not be induced to come here with the idea that they could with impunity contract plu- ral marriages, I, on the 16th day of July last, made and sent the execu- tives of the other States and Territories the following proclamation: Proclamation by the governor. Territory of Utah, Executive office, ae : Whereas within this Territory an organization of religionists denominated " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints," known also as the "Mormon Church," has its head, and from here said body has heretofore sent and now has missionaries in many of the States of the United States and in foreign countries, proselyting to its faith and inducing its converts to immigrate to and settle in this Territory, and such immigration haw heretofore and continues to come into the Territory; and Whereas the said churc:h in its places of worship, through its public teachers and press, openly proclaims the right and duty of its members to violate the law of the land upon the subject of marriage ; and Whereas the chief officers of said body, the first piesidency, are now in hiding avoiding the process of the courts under charge of violation of said law, and others of its prominent members, apostles, bishops, and teachers are confined in the peniten- tiary under conviction and sentence of violation of said law ; and Whereas great expense is necessarily incurred, and our courts continually burdened with the trial of offenders against said law : Now,- therefore, I, Caleh W. West, governor of Utah Territory, while disclaiming all right to interfere with the religious belief of any, yet recognizing the dnty of all to obey the law of the land, do hereby make proclamation of the foregoing facts, and warn all violators of the law as to the marriage relation that they do incur and sub- ject themselves td heavy fines and imprisonment, and all well-disposed persons from associating themselves with any persons or organization for the purpose of immigrat- ing to this Territory, to enter into or maintain any marriage relation other than that allowed and sanctioned by, law, or to aid and abet others in so doing. 16 EEPOKT OF THE GOVERNOE OP UTAH. In testimony whereof I have herenuto set my hand and caused the grealt seal of the Territory to be affixed. Done at Salt Late City this, sixteenth day of July, A. T) 1 8Hfi [SEAL.] CALEB W. WEST, '- ■' Governor. By the governor : Akthur L. Thomas, Secretary of Utah Territort/. The effect of the Senate bill as amended and reported from the Judi- ciary Committee of the House at the last session of Congress, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled 'An act to amend section 5352 of the Eevised Statutes of the United States in reference to bigamy, and for other purposes,' approved March 22, 1882," becoming a law will be good in staying the immigration from the States, as it will deprive of political privileges thorse who identify themselves with this people to aid and abet them in their violation of the law. The foreign immigration induced to come through the efforts of the Mormon missionaries, and brought here by the aid of that church, is one of great magnitude, of serious importance, and which especially and imperatively calls for legislation to check and prevent it. One of the tenets held by the Mormon church is gathering together in community, and Utah is their Mecca and place of sojourn until their return to and final gathering in Jackson County, Missouri; hence their missionaries are all in fact immigration agents, and induce their pros- elytes to immigrate here where, they settle, in this and the adjoining States and Territories, forming one great community, the head and strength of which is centered here. The immigration from and including the year 1881 to the present time amounts to 11,950 souls, distributed through the years as follows : 1881 2,233 1882 2,693 1883 2.462 1884 1,799 1885 1,549 1886 1,214 Total 11,950 Another company will arrive on October 16, 18S6. As hereinbefore stated, under the head of the insane asylum, it ap- pears that of the 81 inmates admitted to that institution since its open- ing 57 were of foreign birth. Of the 93 convictions under the laws for' the suppression of polygamy, hereinbefore reported, 58 were of foreign birth. The bill reported to the last session of Congress, to which I have be- fore referred, provides for dissolving the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company. In doing so, if it becomes a law, Congress will have taken a step in the direction of interfering with this immigration. But additional legislation will, 1 am satisfied, be necessary to make much of an impression towards securing its discontinuance. The mis- sionaries of this church, who are, as I have before stated, also agents to induce immigration, are deputed and sent from here to foreign conn- tries ; their proselytes are gathered together in large companies, and in such companies placed upon shipboard under the management and con- trol of agents provided for that purpose, who provide transportation, make all arrangements, and look after the affairs of the company in a way similar to that of a commander of troops. At our seaboard they have their agents to look after them, provide transportation, take them in charge, and bring them to their destination, and this system can and REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 17 probably will be continued under church control, and with its aid, not- withstanding the dissolution of the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Com- pany. I am impressed with the belief that but little, if any, of this immigra- tion would come if it depended upon individual enterprise and respon- sibility. I would respectfully recommend that the attention of Congress be called to , this subject, for the enactment of such laws as will put a stop to this immigration until these people become submissive and rec- ognize their responsibilities under the law. The legislation relating to this Territory reported to Congress at its last session and pending before that body gives assurance that there is a recognition of the situation and of the need of the enactment of further laws for the benefit of this Territory. That need is urgent, and should be met without further delay. Congress, when it reassembles, ought not to adjourn without enacting the necessary laws that will bring this people to a realization of the power of the Government, if it does not secure their respect for its authority. The enactment at the last session of the bill pending before the House, to which reference has already been made, would have found the terms of a large majority of the elective offices of the Territory about expiring. Since the ad- journment of Congress, on the second of August last, a general^ election was held, and new officers elected for full terms of two years. If the bill is to become a law, as it should at the coming session of Congress, it ought to provide for vacating the offices, that the law may become operative, and that they -may be filled in accordance with its provisions. The pressing need of a session of the legislative assembly at an early day should, if not otherwise done, be provided for in the law. On the 6th day of May last, I assumed the duties of office in this Ter- ritory. I was received with honor, and have been treated ever since with consideration and kindness by all the people of every party regardless of differences. I can have, and do have, no other than the kindest feelings for this whole people. I feel a great regret that a ma- jority of this people will not or cannot see their waj' to" respect and obey the law. The sufferings and sorrows they bring upon themselves as individuals and as a people is a source of profound sorrow. One who will lead them quickest to where they must inevitably come, to a recognition of their obligations as citizens to respect authority and obey the law, will prove to be their greatest benefactor. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CALEB W. WEST, Governor. Hon. L. Q. C. Lamab, Secretary of the Interior. (7574_2 M.) 7397 UT 2 '^■^ REPORT mi OF THB GOYERNOR OF UTAH TO THK SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 7. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT' PRINTING OFFICE. ■ , 1887. REPORT GOVERNOR OF UTAH SEOKETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 7. WASHINGTON: (JOVERNMEWT PRINTING OFFICE. 1887. 7900 UT REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH, Territory of Utah, Executive Office, Salt LaTce City, October 10, 1887. Sir : I respectfully submit the following report concerning the con- dition of affairs in this Territory. JSTo numbering of this people has been made since the last general census in the year 1880, which gave to Utah a population of 143,963. It is now estimated that we have a population of almost 200,000, and have an assessed taxable valuation of $35,865,865, distributed by coun- ties as follows : Counties. Population. . Assessed TaluatioD. Counties. Population. Assessed raluatiou. * 5,000 8,000 17, 000 6,250 3,500 2,000 4,000 4,200 5,000 4,260 2,000 3,000 2,000 $771, 805 2, 209, 425 2, 075, 460 1,124,713 826, Oil 173, 870 434,415 1, 078, 751 206, 618 867, 863 397, 626 219, 888 350, 170 Salt Lake 45,600 300 15, OOO 5,500 7,000 5,500 2,500 21, 000 3,500 5, 000 17,000 $12,457,625 304, 760 1, 257, 333 560, 743 1, 725, 080 1, 012,761 139, 825 3, 240, 675 356, 658 726, 151 3, 168, 738 Caclie San Pete Garfield Tooele Uinta Wasatch Millard Washington. ^ Piute Total Eich 196, 500 35, 865, 865 The population as shown by the census of 18S0 consisted of 99,969 natives (of whom 80,841 were born in Utah) and of 43,994 foreign born. England, Denmark, Sweden, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Norway, Swit- zerland, Canada, and the German Empire contributed in the order named to the foreign-born population, England furnishing nearly one- half. The foreign population has been increased since 1880 by Mormon im- migration, chiefly English and Scandinavian, as follows: 1881 '. 2,233 1882 2,693 1883 2,462 1884 1,799 1885 1,549 1886 1,544 1887 (to present time) .... 1.. 1,027 Another company will leave Liverpool October 8, which will probably swell the number of the present year to 1,500, making a total of 13,780. 3 4 REPOET OF THE GOVEKNOE OF UTAH. SETTLEMENT OF LANDS.' As showiug the settlement and disposition of the public lands in this Territory, the following statement of the total business of the land office from the time of its opening, in March, 1869, to the end of the present fiscal j^ear is given : Kind of entrie^. Pre-emption declaratory statement . Homestead. ..'. IFinal homestead Cash entries Desert entries !PinaI desert entries Timber cnlture entries Final timber culture entries Goal pre-emption filings ' Coal cash entries Mineral applications Mineral entries Land "warrants Soldiers' and sailors' scri p Agricultural college scrip Valentine scrip Chippewa scrip Supreme court scrip , Adverse claims Testimony fees Central Pacific Bailroad sections . . . Union Pacific Kailroad sections Timber sold , Stumpage Timber depredations Total. Number of entries made. 10, 032 7,813 3,718 3,141 2, 209 426 794 2 749 75 1,598 1,374 Acreage. 1, 275, 640. 00 9, 953, 630. 00 507, 274. 51 312, 738. 75 413, 889. 77 69, 812. 63 97, 632. 25 240. 00 89, 880. 00 10, 678. 33 1, 443. 00 11, 020. 79 23, 957. 00 13.00 84, 912. 04 440. 00 80.00 4, 360. 02 612. 05 300, 588. 89 4. 158, 743. 38 $31, 896. 0» 123, 595. 01 20, 556. 95 470, 770. 00 103, 486. 35 69, 812. 53 9, 612. 00 8.00 2, ?47. 00 139, 482. 02 14. 430. 00 56, 680. 00 615. 00 27.00 2, 232. 00 11.00 2.00 6, 125. 00 4, 056. 64 3, 767. 40 506. 00 127. 08 2, 788. 72 12, 632. 59 1,075,457.19 The total number of acres of public land surveyed in'this Territory to June 30, 1887, amounts to 11,711,118.01. THE OOMMBECB OF TITAH. I take great pleasure in reporting that the commercial affairs of this Territory are in a prosperous condition. We have not had a " boom," but there has undoubtedly been a steady development of most of our material resources sufficient to arouse a hopeful feeling throughout Utah and to give promise of an era of still more rapid growth from now on. It would be difficult to assign any one special reason for this im- proved condition. I feel thatitlies in the happy combination of anum- ber of reasons all tending in the same direction. The mines have con- tinued to yield up their hidden treasures and the soil has responded generously to the efiorts of the husbandman ; the cattle have done well on the range, and our sheep have brought us more than the usual quan- tity of wool ; and while thus Providence has responded to human effort there has also been a change in the sentiments of the people as between each other, a change leading to a better appreciation of the motives and the acts of their fellow men— a drawing together, in matters of common -weal, of those who have hitherto been at cross purposes. While there will continue to be directions in ■which the divers'ified classes of this Territory will probably disagree as long as either party maintains its integral existence, all seem to have had the one broad truth dawn upon them, that it is impossible to maintain commercial harmony and to give each other support in material progress without in some way compro- mising their differences of opinion on other subjects. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 5 Under this improved state of affairs, which has sprang into being only in the last few months, a new impetus has been given to all our com- mercial enterprises and a feeling of hope generally prevails. Failures in business are rare, prices are maintained, the working classes are fully employed, real estate is in demand, business blocks aud handsome residences are being erected, chambers of commerce are beingorganized in the principal cities, and a general determination is manifest to push the development of our wonderful resources to the utmost. But the .growth is not confined to our larger cities, though there the evidence is more marked ; it is general throughout the Territory. In the small towns and villages a sense of thrift is discerned in the increased comforts of the people, their freedom from indebtedness, the air of prosperity that pervades their homes, their barnyards, and their grain-bins. All this is very gratifying to every resident, and the attention of the people of the East is being turned this way with a new and helpful interest vastly different to that with which our Territory has been viewed in the past. It is difflcult for any one here to. jnake a close estimate of the com- mercial activities of Utah, because we have no bureau of statistics of any kind, but I have been able to figure up the traffic of the Territory as high as $120,000,000 for the year, which includes merchandising, mining, manufacturing, and the agricultural and stock interests. What the banking, railroad, and such trafiic would amount to I do not at-" tempt to estimate, but these will give an idea that our commercial con- cerns are by no means insignificant. In the matter that follows, I have thought fit to dwell at some length on those products for which we have a, wide reputation. Though the facts have been gathered with much pains, I must admit that the figures given in many instances are only «stimates, carefully made and subjected to every test within my reach. It affords me pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to Messrs. W, H. and H. L. A. Culmer, of this city, for the careful collection and preparation of the information herein given. Utah seems to me to present a most inviting field to the capitalist desirous of finding profitable investments, to the artisan seeking em- ployment, and is not without attractions to the farmer willing to work out a home. As to the latter, however, when the manifold difficulties that beset the pioneer are considered, a liberal policy might well be recommended towards those who will undertake to redeem lands in Utah. Whatever can be done should be done to make easier the task of those who are nobly struggling, under grave difficulties, to wrench sup- port from a soil which, however willing under proper circumstances, re- -quires much labor and expense to prepare it and convey to it the waters, without which it will not yield its fruitfulness. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. It affords me great pleasure to be able to note the progress that has been made iu the last year in this direction. Under the improved and more harmonious conditions that prevail, stimulated chiefly by the va- rious trade organizations that have recently been created here, the peo- ple seem to have awakened to a knowledge of the wonderful possibilities that exist amongst us for industrial enterprises. As a result, the output of manufactures is steadily increasing. New industrial enterprises are being inaugurated, outside capital is beginning to come to our assistance, and the factories already established are increasing their capacities. 6 KEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. The aggregate value of the manufactured products of the Territory amounts to $8,726,500, giving employment to 3,573 persons, and capital amounting to $4,468,350, briefly detailed as follows : Wood-worMng industries. — Utah has 8 factories engaged iu making sash, doors, and blinds, 5 in making moldings, 16 in furniture, 7 in trunks and valises, 2 in making packing cases (besides 2 engaged in making paper boxes), a fence factories, having aggregate capital in- vested of $353,000, employing 475 hands, and producing $540,000 an- nually. Soap. — There is but 1 soap factory in the Territory, and that is in Salt Lake City, having $35,000 capital, 6 employes, and producing $55,000 worth of laundry and toilet soa]). Metal worTcers. — This industry, including plumbing, tinning, roofing, and the manufacture of tin and sheet-metal ware, employs $130,000 capital, 165 workmen, and produces $320,000. Foundries and boiler works. — Including brass foundries, iron cresting, and machine shops, (Jtah employs $281,000 capital, 130 artisans, and produces $300,000 worth of work. . Breweries. — Utah beer is one of the most important industries we have, and that made in Salt Lake City bears a high reputation where- ever introduced. The largest of these breweries makes 20,000 barrels of beer per annum, and bottles 600 dozen per day, of which 500 dozen are exported. The total capital invested in this industry in the Terri- tory will reach half a million dollars, and the value of the products for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1887, is $313,192. Cigars. — Until recently the manufacture of cigars has been confined to one concern onlj-, but this industry, in common with most others here, is now growing, and two other factories have been added. Only high grades of cigars are made, the returns for the past year amounting to about $200,000. It is demonstrated that our climate is very favorable to the manufacture of fine cigars, and I am told the output will be doubled in the current year. Tanneries. — Of the few tanneries in Utah the largest are in Salt Lake, employing 15 hands and producing nearly $75,000 worth of leather an- nually. It is chiefly sole leather, for use in the shoe factories here, of which they turn out 180 sides per week, requiring an importation for this purpose of 500 cords of California oak bark. Only the want of na- tive bark prevents tanning being a large industry in our midst. Clothing. — The most important clothing factory of this Territory is that of the Z. C. M. I., in Salt Lake, who manufacture twentv-flve dozen garments per day, chiefly men's overalls and underwear. ' The value of their product is $50,000 per year. They employ 42 hands and run 30 machines by power, besides the only steam cutting- machines used in the Western region. A smaller concern in Provo turns out con- siderable work, using principally the cloth made by the large woolen mills there. A thriving business is done in merchant tailoring here and in the other largest towns, and of such good quality that orders are received from long distances. Flouring mills.— There are in Utah 120 flouring mills, 10 of which are rolled, or new process. The product of the best of these is not ex- celled in quality by any in America. The aggregate capital invested in this industry is $1,376,000 ; the annual product is 109,840,000 pounds of mill stuffs, valued at $2,288,000. Such is the extent of our flouring interests that nearly all of these mills are in operation the year round In addition to these there are mills for the manufacture of oatmeal" REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 7 rolled oats, cracked wheat, hominy, pearled barley, and other farina- ceous goods. Knitting factories, — There are five large and a number of small knit- ting factories in the Territory, employing over a hundred operatives in the manufacture of hosiery, bathing suits, underwear, hoods, leggings, mittens, jackets, etc. ; product, $75,000, using native material almost entirely, and exporting 50 per cent, of their output. Sille manufacture. — About 10 looms are successfully employed for the making of silk goods, chiefly handkerchiefs. Capital, $1,000 ; employ- ing 10 hands ; importing their raw material and turning out goods to the value of $5,000. Boots and shoes. — This industry gives employment to 350 persons in various parts of the Territory, by far the largest concerns being in Salt Lake City, where 2 factories alone employ 200 hands and turn out excellent goods to the amount of $250,000. One of these factories is the largest west of Chicago. The goods are sold in Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, as well as in Utah. The number of pairs an- nually produced in the Territory is estimated at 200,000, valued at $350,000. Woolen mills. — There are 8 woolen mills in the Territory, the largest being at Provo, with a capacity of 1,000 yards per day. The others are at Salt Lake, Washington, Springville, Brlgham City, Ogden, Kingston, Beaver, and West Jordan. Their aggregate capacity is 600,000 yards of stuffs per annum, 40,000 pounds of yarn, besides con- siderable quantities of blan kets. In this work they consu me 100,000,000 pounds of native wool and 5,000 pounds of native cotton grown in south- ern Utah. The combined investment in these factories amounts to $400,000, yielding profits of from 7 to 10 per cent, and giving employ- ment to 400 operati ves. The total value of these manufactured products is $375,000. They consist of choice flannels, linseys, cassimeres, doe- skins, jeans, shirtings, blankets, carriage robes, table cloths, batting, and yarns, fully one-half of which is exported, finding a market in Den- ver, Chicago, and many other eastern ijoints. Cured meats. — This is a growing industry in Utah, in which it is diffi- cult to secure figures ; but from considerable data at hand there is cer- tainly produced $300,000 worth, involving little capital, as the product is mostly home cured. Printing and publishing.— InGluding book-binding and paper ruling, these involve a capital of $316,000, employing 187 persons, and turn- ing out $443,000 worth of work. Aerated waters. — The several concerns engaged in this industry re- quire a capital of $75,000, giving employment to 125 hands. The Idanha water of Soda Springs, Idaho, is a Utah enterprise, and of this alone some 5,000 bottles per day are packed in the busy season, and distributed throughout the United States. The aggregate value is $130,000 annually. Harness and saddlery.— This is an important industry in Utah, having invested capital of $200,000, employing 185 skilled workmen, and pro- ducing $385,000. Crackers and confectionery. — Invested capital, $76,000 ; number of em- ployes, 145 ; value of product, $252,000. Briclc and pottery.— There are some 75 firms engaged in these indus- tries, employing $123,000 capital, 630 hands, and turning out $234,000 worth of manufactured material. Paper. — A large paper-mill near this city, employing 25 hands, pro- duces annually about $40,000 worth of paper. Of this the greater part 8 EEPOET OF THE (GOVERNOR OP UTAH. is print paper, such as is used for newspapers, and nearly all of the pub- lications in Utah could be made on the product of this mill. They also manufacture manila wrapping of various weights and qualities, brown •wrapping, and butchers' straw paper. They have filled some large con- tracts for flue white and toned book papers, and make some little cover and flat papers. The buildings are situated at the mouth of Big Cot- tonwood canyon, near a splendid spring of crystal water, and are solidly constructed of granite. Some $140,000 is invested in the enterprise. Butter and cheese. — Of these important staples it is estimated that we manufacture $620,000 worth of butter and $12,000 worth of cheese. Timber interests. — From reports available, I find there are 15,000,000 feet of lumber cut in the Territory, which, at an average price of $25 per thousand feet, realizes $375,000. In addition to this there is cut for fences, mining timbers, and fuel, additional timber to the value of $125,000 annually. Salt. — Some 30,000 tons of salt are annually sold, at an average price of $3 for crude coarse and $8 for refined table. The coarse salt, as taken from the evaporating ponds on the shores of the great Salt Lake, is suitable for the chloridizing of ores, and it is in this form that the greater part of the salt is exported. This industry produces a net rev- enue to the Territory of some $150,000 per annum, and furnishes em- ployment to 150 men. Sundry industries. — In addition to the activities itemized above, there are carried on throughout the Territory the manufacture of vinegar, pickles, glue, paints, charcoal, lime, cements, brooms, brushes, show- cases, bottles, baskets, blasting powder, picture-frames, plaster of Paris, hats and caps, millinery, jewelry, wire-work, and cigars. There are also chemical works, canneries, marble works, and concerns for the packing of fresh fruits, weaving of carpets, engraving, and the putting up of patent medicines. These sundry industries have a total capital of $281,350, employ 563 persons, and turn out products valued at #988,500. AGRICTJLTUEAL PRODUCTS. The singularly high qualities of our agricultural products having already forced themselves upon the notice of the country, I feel called upon to treat them in such detail that they will be more fully under- stood, hoping thereby to create a fuller appreciation of their merits and promote their exportation. In this labor 1 feel a constant pleasure in the comparison which our products bear towards those of other regions. The conviction has forced itself upon me that there is scarcely any ag- ricultural product of the temperate zone which will not grow to perfec- tion here. The varied contour of our Territory is such that at some places, if not at others, each of all the different varieties will thrive ■which go to support an agricultural community. The soil seems to be Tich in the phosphates that fertilize vegetation, while the system of ir- rigation practiced here renders the farmer less subject to the caprice of weather than elsewhere. As a result the product per acre of some crops is simply astonishing, while qualities rank just as high. It would seem as if the cultivation of a given thing in Utah produces at once a high *ype suitable and in demand forever after in other districts for seed purposes; as, for instance, plant lucerne seed from California on Utah ^soil, and the product is a better seed which California is desirous of procuring for planting herself. With positive proof of these facts, it is diflScult to repress some degree of enthusiasm in treating on these sub- jects, while they inspire confidence in the future of our exports. EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. \) GRAIN AND HAY. Wheat. — Fair Utah wheat ranks iu the East with the best No. 2 red, which is the highest grade that appears in most of the Eastern markets. Our choicest qualities are a unique product, with scarcely an equal in America. Last year some 200,000 bushels were exported, our wheat going west, as well as to Colorado and Kansas City. Utah wheat has a brighter, larger kernel than that of the East, and though no hand- somer than that of California, it is firmer, and its nutriment more concen- trated. As high as 60 bushels per acre have been raised here, but the average yield is not over one-half of that. A careful estimate shows that the wheat crop of 1887 must have been in the neighborhood of 3,250,000 bushels. That of 1886 was rather less. The largest wheat regions are in Cache and Utah counties, closely followed by San Pete, Salt Lake, and Weber counties. The great staple is, however, raised throughout the entire Territory. Utah wheat rarely falls iu price below 1 cent per pound free on board. Oats. — I have known parties who were keeping up work-horses to pay 25 to 30 per cent, more for Utah oats of ordinary quality than for a fair grade of Eastern. This was several years ago, when a cut rate of freight permitted the bringing in of Eastern oats. Nothing more con- clusive can be said of the real value of our oats than this, which, after all, only represents current opinion among thope who have tried them. Utah oats have ranged in price during recent years from IJ to If cents per pound on cars. Some 200 car-loads were shipped last year. Our estimated crop is a million and a quarter bushels this year, and large farms have been known to realize an average of 85 bushels to the acre by high cultivation. Barley. — The general run of barley this year, especially the blue feed, is not quite as handsome as the average, but the feeding power is even greater, the dry season having, as with wheat, concentrated the kernel into a condensed form. Usually our barley is of magnificent appear- ance, and probably 50 car-loads of fine quality now remain here await- ing a market, which, strange to say, it is difficult for us to find. In 1885 our brewing barley was exported in great quantities to Saint Louis, Milwaukee, California, and other points, where it invariably graded as fully up to the best Canadian brewing. It is the use of this barley that gives Utah beer so high a standard. Indeed, our white- club brewing barley will hold its own anywhere as a strictly fancy product. Some 500 car-loads of barley, chiefly brewing, were shipped last year, not less than 75 of which went from the noted barley district of Spanish Fork. This year's crop is not less than 600,000 bushels. Bye. — There are a few cars of rye annually offered here at figures ranging over 1 cent per pound. The quality is superb and the yield fair. Corn. — Utah does not pose as a corn country and rarely has any for export. The hot, .sultry nights which corn requires are not character- istic of our climate. East of the Wasatch mountains, however, especi- ally at Green river, it is likely that corn-growing will prbve a consid- erable industry. A farmer at Blake, Emery county, sent some corn- stalks into Salt Lake, 15 feet high, "just to show," as he said, " what kind of a country this is." Still, it must not be supposed that we can not raise corn all over the Territory, as 500,000 bushels are annually produced. Lucerne. — In the improvement of our lands there remains untilled and scarcely prized a considerable area of rough ground too dry for grass and too broken and stony for grain. It is what is left after the 10 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. natural selection by farmers of the choicest tracts, and is looked upon by superficial observers as not being arable land. A special provi- dence seems to have reserved this for the cultivation of lucerne, often called alfalfa, which the farming people of Utah have learned to look upon as one of the greatest blessings that has yet been vouchsafed them. The best crops come from lands that can not well be plowed because of their rough characler. Excellent results have been had by merely clearing off the biush and casting the seed over the ground. It takes longer to get a good start this way, and irrigation is more diflacult than if the ground were stirred up, but it thrives better in the end. Lucerne will do better even on ground that is too steep for a mowJng-machine, if only suflBcient water can be got on it to give it a start. To raise hay on such rough, rocky soil it is customary to seed 20 or even 25 pounds to the acre ; but for the raising of lucerne for its seed, not over 5 pounds should be sown. Even then the second year it will self-sow so thickly that it will be apt to grow too close for seed and must be used for hay. The chief difficulty in seed-raising is that it grows too well. Lucerne should be planted early in the spring, choosing light calcareous soil off from bottoms. It will not thrive on cold and wet ground. The first season it should be cut as often as it is high enough to do so; the second crop will afford a little hay ; the third cutting about half a crop, making about one whole crop for the season. The second year it will he as good as it will ever come to, and will give three strong crops yielding about 6 tons to the acre. Thereafter, no weed or plant, with the exception of the dandelion, can drive it out. It is cut each time when it is well out in blossom. In excep- tional cases one seed has been known to throw out 500 shoots, a good lift, when cut, for a strong man. Its average growth is about 3 feet, though we have known it to reach over 6 feet when left to seed. A serious drought may spoil the crop for the time being, but the following year it will come up as good as ever. Lucerne improves the quality of soil which is otherwise worthless, so that in a few years it can be used for grain. It is important that lucerne hay be stacked under cover or well thatched. With care about three-fourths of the straw after thrashing can be used for winter fodder for sheep and cows. There is an average crop of alfalfa and other hays this year, with rather more than average demand. There are probably 50,000 tons sur- plus for export, the total quantity raised being about 500,000 tons. Lucerne seed.— Utah is, par excellence, the country for lucerne seed, and some 500 tons were exported at prices varying from 7 to 9 cents per pound. In the dry sand hills they cut a good crop of lucerne hay in June, as the result of winter moisture ; then, in the dry summer, a lesser crop matures, which is harvested for seed, and being more sparsely grown than if irrigated, it is better for that purpose; A good average yield of seed would be 600 pounds to the acre from such lands. Vast areas of lucerne lands are now under cultivation in Utah, chiefly along the benches on the western,base of the Wasatch. Notwithstanding the enormous yield, both hay and seed find a ready market at good prices. We raise some red and white clover seed, but have little left, beyond our own needs, for export. A summary of the foregoing shows the total of our grain and hay products to be for the year, $6,419,000. VSaETABLES AND OTHER GARDEN PRODUCTS. Potatoes.— The Utah potato has a reputation for excellence all over America and even in Great Britain. Other climes have tried in vain to match our product but the attempt seems futile. For many years REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. ll great quantities have been exported from this Tcirritory, and it looks as if we shall continue to do so for all time to come. The export for this year will probably reach 12,000,000 pounds; last year it was 10,- 000,000 pounds. The qualities this year are fully up to our best stand- ard, and the yield steadily increasing. The Early Kose potato is generally in the market by July 1, and it is from this variety that our earliest shipments are made. The Willard, however, which comes a week or two later, is abetter potato, being firm, white, and mealy. The crop depended upon for August is the Early Goodrich, a fine, full-sized, white variety. Being round and smooth they are the best to ship. The Nesbaunock is a favorite variety for home consumption, and is not surpassed for eating qualities by any other raised, but being rough and '' knobby " are a little liable to break off and cause some trifling loss in shipping. It is the kind of potato, however, that Utah growth naturally runs into, and will probably rep- resent our largest product on that account. The King of the Early is as good as any that is planted, realizing a very large white mealy variety of good yield. I have known of a lot of 16 ijushels that went through- out 12 potatoes only to the bushel. The bulk of the potatoes raised and marketed here are of these varieties and the Peerless. The King of the Early, Peerless, and Compton's Surprise yield in favored localities about 400 bushels to the acre. With high cultivation I have even heard of 800 bushels being raised to the acre. With proper treatment potato - growing does not impoverish the land, some of the best results coming from ground that has been in pototoes right along for the last twenty years. Other roots. — Utah has also a fine reputation for carrots, which some- times yield, of good quality, as much as 1,000 bushels to the acre ; also for tomatoes, onions, turnips, parsnips, radishes, etc. Beets thrive as- tonishingly, well, and far-seeing men foretell that one day the large tracts of low-lying but now un watered lands on the western side of the Salt Lake valley and elsewhere will be under cultivation to the sugar beet for the manufacture of sugar. Green stuffs. — Of green stuffs we annually export large quantities of cabbage, cauliflower, melons, squashes, and celery, the latter growing exceptionally fine. Sops are also native to Utah, its trailing vines literally overrunaing every other kind of foliagein many of our canons. The picking of wild hops has yielded considerable pin-money to the country people, and nature could not tell in plainer words that this is pre-eminently a region favor- able to their cultivation. One or two parties, notably on the Provo Bench, have heeded this suggestion, and several ho^j-gardens of wide extent have there produced many tons of very choice quality. The net value of these garden products has been carefully estimated at $1,550,000. THE OBOHAEDS OP UTAH. The same causes which give excellence to the grains and vegetables of Utah also stamp her orchard products with a high caste. Fresh fruits are exported in considerable quantities, and wherever sent take the highest place and command the readiest sale. In general terms, the superior characteristics are firmness, beauty, and, above all, fine flavor. The general fruit crop of Utah last year was good for quality, but far below the average for quantity. In the southern part of the Territory flgs, pomegranates, grapes, and nearly all the fruits that grow 12 KEPOET OF THE GOVEENOR OP UTAH. n a semi-tropical climate thrive to perfection, but too far from the rail- roads to be marketed. Peaches.— In the early part of the season the handsomest and best shipping varieties are the Alexander, Downing, and Saunders. The Carrington and Croft's Bed follow next in season, after which (about the middle of September) come the Honest John and the'different va- rieties of orange peaches. This period is the climax of the season. Later some fine kinds appear, but in limited numbers and command a higher price. Utah | caches are shipped, wrapped and unwrapped, in boxes of about 20 pounds each, and find a ready market in adjoining States and Territories. Our peach trees thrive best on the light loam and gravelly soil. If planted on clay, except as a thin subsoil, the trunks are apt to turn black and split up the center. Apples. — This fruit is now generally acknowledged to be more free from woims (codling moth) than for some, years previous, and thous- ands of boxes have been shipped East and North by parties in Ogden, Salt Lake, Provo, Springville, and other places. It is probable that each succeeding year will see our apples freer from worms, and that in a few years they will have disappeared altogether. The bulk of the shipments made are the Pippins and Codlings early in the season, and later the Winesaps, Spitzenburgs, and Pearmaius, which are shipped at prices to compare favorably with eastern competition. It is the custom among shippers to put them in boxes holding 44 pounds, but they can be packed in barrels if desired. By papering the apples and shipping in refrigerator cars they may be safely transported long distances late in the fall. Green apples are a staple product of the Territory, arid notwithstanding the heavy shipments made the demand last year was not equal to the supply. Plums. — There are many flue plums raised in Utah, the bulk of the crop being the Magnum Bonum variety. The growth of plums last season fell much short of our usual quantity and we were far from sup- plying the demand. Other kinds well liked are the Washington and St. Martin. But it is the German prune that is coming into promi- nence and seems destined soon to take the lead. Pears. — There is a sure demand for more good Utah pears than have yet been produced. There is a lack chiefly of early varieties, of which we have few besides the Bartlett. Growers have paid overmuch at- tention to winter pears, which ripen too late to secure favorable sale. They now realize the fact, and it is likely that future years will find a better supply of earlier kinds. The Utah pear is an extremely rich fruit. The trees thrive best in this region when planted on clay soils, so that the very grounds that are not suitable for peaches are those which serve well for pears. Other fruits. — In most seasons Utah has a good crop of apricots for export, and cherries in limited supply, while grapes are in good quan- tity, but at points favorable for shipping are not as handsome as those from California. In southern Utah they raise beautiful grapes of fine rich flavor, the average yield per acre being 6,260 pounds, according to the latest data. Strawberries and raspberries are both native to Utah, as is the red and black currant. Under cultivation the yield is very large and of surpassing quality. UTAH DRIED FRUITS. Such is the wide reputation which Utah enjoys for the excellence of her dried fruits that they command a fancy price throughout the entire United States. In competition with the best Tennessee they bring in REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 13 Chicago and other cities from two to four times the price. The cause of this is, of course, primarily the excellent quality of our fruit, with its fine, rich flavor; but we owe to the peculiarity of our climate the abil- ity to sundry with success. In the month of September the average number of stormy days for ten years past is four, being the fewest of any month in the year. It is at this time that the drying of peaches, apples, plums, ground cherries, &c., takes place, and this lack of rain is another factor to their excellence. A third reason is the singular rapidity with which moisture evaporates in this region, enabling the drying process to take place rapidly in the day-time, while the absence of dews prevents backsets during the night. Fruits dried by artificial processes lose part of their virtues, and it is doubtful whether much of it would be done were other climates as favorable as our own to sun- drying. Thus it is that Utah sun-dried fruits occupy a place by them- selves in the markets of America. They do not come in competition with any other and may be regarded as a special product. Indeed, they are so esteemed wherever they are known, and the price they fetch war- rants the assumption. There is scarcely a home here but has its or- chard, many of which are too remote from tranportation facilities for the shipping of fresh fruits. It is therefore the custom of the house- wife and her family to busy themselves during the brief season with fruit drying. The product is sold to the country stores in barter for the family requirements, and in turn is sent, as soon as a shipment is gathered together, to jobbing houses in the larger cities, who soon ac- cumulate carload quantities. It is these houses who attend to their distribution, and the aggregate shipments sometimes amount to forty car-loads in a single year. Of dried peaches, those dried in September, in the middle and south- ern counties, nre the brightest and best looking of our supply; but the means by which large quantities are gathered together in our jobbing centers, as stated above, show that few lots can be acquired that are not of a mixed character, Indeed, it has been the custom with large dealers to bulk all their receipts, and by a thorough mixing to secure a uniform grade. When so served, Salt Lake peaches have a definite value, depending only on supply and demand, just like any other staple. Those dried ia August are from large fruit, much of it from orange peaches, and the hot sun makes them dry dark. It is doubtful whether these are not really the best fruit, but their appearance is against them. Then, again, their size tempts driers to " quartering," and this at once gives them a foreign look that lowers their market value, and is much deprecated. The later peaches aie smaller and lighter in color and pro- duce the best results. More unpeeled peaches are dried and sold in Utah than of all the other fruits put together. A fancy article, that has never yet been produced here in anything like the quantity that could be sold, is the Utah peeled peach. There is nothing like it for fine flavor anywhere. It keeps well and commands twice or thrice the figure of. the unpeeled. Probably the reason why more are not dried is because the season is short ; they require time for the work, and have to be done when everybody is busy. They sell for a price higher than the best raisins and equal to figs. On the supply of dried apples the low prices that have ruled in the last two years have had their effect; that is, they are called low prices here, but in other parts the going figures are much lower than ours ever were. But it must not be forgotten that the labor bestowed on them here is far greater than elsewhere. An unpeeled, uncored dried apple, such as they market in California, never appears here ; consequently 14 REPORT Oi' THE uuvjsjijnuk uf utam. there is no trouble in markfeting all that are produced. The demand from surrounding regions usually consumes the entire supply, and tney are rarely shipped as far as the Missouri river. The apricots here invariably find a ready market, it bemg an excep- tional year when they are not cleared out before Christmas, ihe price always ranks high, and the fruit is a general favorite. . Sometimes as many as 100,000 pounds of plums find their wa^ to this market, although last year the yield fell far short of this. They are always halved and pitted when dried, no one here having yet resorted to punching out the stone, as is generally done elsewhere, and which does not result as well. As with the other fruits, all kinds are bulked, making one grade, which is necessarily much mixed. Attention is now being turned to the German prune for drying purposes, and these will probably be kept separate. The time is at hand when these will take the place of those imported, and in a few years exports are sure to fol- low. In the matter of nursery products it stands to reason that the accli- mated growths of our mountain nurseries, with their reputation for fine fruits and hardy nature, should bring about a considerable traffic in young trees born of our native soil and air. We believe the reason why there are not a great many shipped to points where our fruits are envied but not matched, is because they have not been produced on a large enough scale, nor their merits advertised. In this land of gardens and groves we also know what shade trees best thrive, and a demand for them from abroad has sprung up within the year, some 100,000 young trees having already been exported. STOCK INTERESTS. If our climate is too dry for the luxuriant growth of grasses, the con- formEvtion of our territory is such that it fully offsets to the stock-raiser whatever drawbacks may be laid to the want of summer rains. As the feed begins to give out on the lower benches in the spring, the snow line is receding on the foothills, and stock is pastured at higher alti- tudes as the season advances, until in the midsummer they graze among the grassy valleys of the mountains and on the cool, high plateaus. When winter approaches they gradually retire again, and by the time of general snow-fall are roaming over low, wide ranges where they cannot exist in summer for heat and want of water. This changing life brings them health and hardihood. They have a " sum- mer out" every year, and are thus developed into the sturdiest races of America. The ranges of one season are held in reserve at another. During the summer, on the millions of acres of the interior basins, too dry for summer ranges, the native bunch grass is maturing and cures, standing, ready for the immense flocks and herds which will winter there. In these regions the snow-fall is light enough to furnish water for the stock, but not to bury the drj^, fattening, bunch grass, famous for its nutritive qualities. Such, in round terms, is the manner of rais- ing cattle, horses, and sheep in Utah, and the quintupling of these in- terests in the last six years is suflBcient proof of its excellence. Taken altogether, there are not fewer than 3,000,000 animals herded in Utah, against 504,520 reported by the Bureau of Statistics in 1876. Besides this increase in numbers, the intrinsic value per head of cattle and horses is almost doubled, while that of sheep has been greatly im- proved. jvxijruxfci. \jc xjirj TJuTERNOE OF UTAH. ' 15 Cattle. — The cattle interests of Utah are rapidly improving in every respect. Much more attention is being paid to breeding up than ever before. No State or other Territory, in proportion to its population, is bringing in as much stock for this i)urpose as we are. As a result, our beef steers are very blocky, desirable cattle and average well in any market. There are few herds in the Territory which are not now crossed with either Durham or Hereford blood, while for domestic pur- poses the Holstein are attracting much attention for milk, butter, and beef. Although an average of all the opinions we have obtained is that stockmen cannot go far from the short-horn for best beef results, a- mingling with other breeds to greater or less degree is unanimously recommended for special purposes. There are several extensive con- cerns engaged solely in the high breeding of cattle for our ranges, and the result must soon be seen all over the Territory. It has been pretty well demonstrated that the number of cattle in Utah is almost half a million, valued at $ 11 ,500,000. While this is comparatively few in num- bers, the average value per head is high. The low price of beef in the East prevents any gfeat exports, which in 1885 amounted to $500,000 from shipments made to Wyoming and Chicago, but in 1886 did not amount to move than half that, the most of them going to Nebraska for feeders. More than one prominent stockman says there is no place on earth where they eat such good, juie.v beef as in Utah. Horses. — So far as Utah is concerned, the cayuse is practically ex- tinct. Such has been the care exercised in breeding up during recent years that the Utah range horse is a better animal for his weight and size than any other in America. He is being crossed from the native (which has been considered the best horse for toughness, lungs, feet, spirit, and endurance outside of Arabia) with the Hambletonian for the sake of appearance and speed, and with the leading breeds of America for other qualities, particularly for size. Utah is now, there- fore, an important horse market, with a wide reputation for the excel- lence of her stock, which excel for street-car, light driving, and saddle purposes. There is a large, active demand for them every spring in Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico, the fact that they come from Utah giving them increased value. Many parties are engaged here in the improving of horses. The cow-punching horse is raised frOm thor- oughbred stallions and native mares that have been reared on hilly country. He requires fleetness, wind, and endurance to the greatest degree, aad nowhere else can they be produced with these qualities so marked. Besides these, work and farm horses, fancy roadsters, fine carriage and heavy freight horses are being raised. The mountain qualities of fine feet and lungs remain with the horse for the remainder of his career, no matter where he may go, and for this reason the whole United States will ultimately be a market for Utah-raised horses. There is said to be at present 250,000 head in the Territory, worth $10,000,000. Sheep.— If the census reports of 1880 were true, the growth of our sheep interests is the most remarkable of all our industries. They claimed to find only 233,121 head in our Territory. Today, averaging the opinions of the.best-infbrmed sheep men among us, and counting lambs, there are not less than 2,400,000, worth $7,000,000. The same figures are arrived at by figuring back from the wool clip of last year. Notwithstanding these' great numbers, Utah is still a buyer of sheep and the tide is inward, especially for heavy shearers, sheep men having all learned that it costs as much to herd flocks yielding 3 pounds as those yielding 8 pounds per head. A sudden grading up has taken 16 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. place among large holders in the past three years from the original Mexican stock through Cotswold and Spanish Merinos, and latterly through French Merino. This has given good results in fineness ot wool, but some feel that the stock is rendered too fine and delicate by this means, and are breeding back through Cotswolds and Lincolns. There are probably 100,000 sheep in Utah that average a 10-pound clip, bqt the whole average is less than 5 pounds. It is still considered good doctrine that, by working for the best mutton, the sheep men got the best results in wool. Some claim that our ranges are now filled, and that, unless new and more remote regions are explored, such as exist in southeastern Utah, an outward movement must soon begin. If so, it would probably be in the direction of southern Colorado or Idaho. The bulk of our sheep is held in San Pete, Emery, Tooele, Box Ehler, JuabfWillard, and Summit counties, although, of course, every county has large holdings. ^o^s.— There are probably 100,000 swine in Utah worth $500,000. None are exported, and the number killed annually is not overl50,000. Fresh lucerne, for summer feed, enables us to raise hogs cheaply, and if the curing of the meat were being done on a larger scale, there would be many more grown. ANIMAL PRODUCTS. Wool— Utah wool men handled last year 9,000,000 pounds, for which they paid an average of 19 cents, making $1,710,000. Of this amount 1,000,000 pounds were consumed by the woolen factories here. Hides, pelts, etc. — Some 500,000 pounds of sheep pelts are exported, worth $60,000, and about 500,000 pounds of hides, valued at $50,000. One or two concerns here consume 50,000 pounds of sheep-skin in manufacture, and the tannery uses about 300,000 pounds of hides per year. Most of the tanned sheep-skin is exported. Some 30,000 pounds of excellent flint deer-hide and 15,000 pounds of buckskin are also ex- ported. Furs, such as muskrat, wolf, beaver, mink, fox, bear, badger, Ivnx, wildcat, and otter are shipped in quantities, whose aggregate value is $25,000. Poultry, etc. — It would be difficult, indeed, to gather data by which one could form a reliable estimate of the quantity of poultry exported or even sold. There is hardly a town near a railroad from which dressed or live chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, etc., are not shipped in greater or lesser quantities. In the largest cities there are some who gather small shipments from country stores and do a jobbing business in that way, but the bulk of the traffic is done by the small country stores them- selves shipping to correspondents in the adjoining States. An estimate, necessarily unreliable, of the aggregate of these shipments places them at about $20,000 per year. It is not so difficult to learn the proportions of our egg business, which is a steady and ready-selling article with us. Several dealers make a regular pursuit of this alone, and from them the annual exports are put at 1,250,000 dozens, valued at $225,000 free on board. Many car-load lots are shipped in different directions, California being generally a buyer of our eggs. In the matter of honey, there is produced probably 200,000 pounds per annum, worth $16,000. The bees feed on locust blossoms and wild floweis, but chiefly on white clover. These yield a honey of very light color, clear, and of rich flavor. As the moisture evaporates rapidly here, it is in a highly concentrated state and candies quickly, but it is EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 17 absolutely pure aud of good commercial value. Nearly all of it is ex- tracted, only a small proportion being sold in the comb. The beeswax produced is mostly consumed at home. MINERAL EESOTJBCES. Intelligent examinations of our mountains have revealed that, aside from the deposits of precious metals which have already made the Ter- ritory rich, they are a wonderful laboratory on a gigantic scale, wherein ^Nature has worked with infinite cunning for countless centuries and stored up vast treasures from which manufacturing and commercial communities may yet draw their supplies of crude material. In the neighborhood of Spanish Pork canon, and elsewhere in the Territory, are to be found beds of niter, commonly called saltpeter. It occurs in large quantities, in soft white masses slightly translucent, re- sembling damp white sugar. It is sufficiently pure to fuse briskly when thrown upon hot coals. Near Pleasant Valley junction, at the head of Price canon, the Ozo- cerite Mining Company, of New York, is engaged upon deposits of ozocerite or mineral wax, which oozes from the rooks near the coal measures of this district. But little has been known of this mineral until now, as it is nowhere else found in sufficient quantity to create any degree of interest. It is of a brownish-black hue, almost inodor- ous, and some tons of it have been extracted for experimental purposes. Fabrics treated with this substance are rendered water, air, and acid proof, it being soluble only in benzine or naphtha. As an insulator it is perfect. It can be rendered white as snow, and makes excellent wax candles, and, indeed, will fill all the purposes to which ordinary paraf- flne wax is put. If, by boring or other means, the large quantities are found which it is fully believed exist in this neighborhood, there will be no difficulty in establishing an important industry in this connection, as there is an active demand for this mineral. In various portions of Spanish Fork canon and vicinity there are de- posits of asphaltum of different varieties, sometimes occurring as native pitch, quite pure, at others as a highly saturated bituminous shale, and at many places the deposits are of great extent and richness, quite near to the railroad, and capable of producing at a low cost an enormous quantity of asphalt which may be u sed for foot-pavements, for induratin g piles and posts as a preventive of rot, for the making of black varnish, and various other uses. An analysis of one of these seams yields naph- tha, paraffine, picric acid, and a residuum which proves a good lubri- cator. But the most important development of this character is the Gilsonite mines, near Ashley, Uintah county. A prominent chemist of Washing- ton, D. C, to whom samples of this mineral were submitted, declared it to be different to any other known substance, and gave it the name it now bears. An. analysis is ias follows : Carton 78.43 Hydrogen 10-20 Nitrogen *■*;! Oxygen «■ ™ Ash ^ 100.00 This shows it to be almost absolutely pure asphalt. It has only a trace of foreign matter, the remainder being carbon and volatile mat- 7900 TJT 2 18 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. ter. The only other deposit I know of in America of merchantable quantity is in California, but there the best samples yield, I believe, only 20 to 28 per cent, carbon and 20 to 80 per cent, sand and ash. It is on the singular purity of Gilsonite that its unique character is based. This mineral is quickly soluble in bisulphate of carbon and in chloroform, also, and less rapidly, in ether, benzine, and turpentine ; bat it utterly resists the action of water, air, or the acids. It is black in color, has no odor unless heated, is bright, brittle, and by no means waxy. It melts at 285 degrees Fahr., and, as it hardens quickly at a lesser temperature, is a non-conductor of heat. Its principal value will probably be on account of its insulating properties, some of the best electricians of the United States having proved it to be the best in- sulator known. By mixing with sand it makes good paving-blocks, and may be used largely in this way, and for making the best qualities of asphaltum varnish and black enamel; also for coating canvas to render it water-proof. It is found in a perpendicular fissure, cutting through the horizontal sandstone strata. The vein is three feet in thickness, is evidently of great depth, and is exposed edgewise for at least 5,000 feet. The supply is, therefore, practically limitless. Goal. — The coal-measures of Utah are vast in extent, and are exposed in several widely separated districts. It is all bituminous and of good quality. There are large veins in Iron county, in the southern portion of the Territory, in close proximity to immense deposits of iron. But these are too remote from railroads to have much importance at pres- ent, as it is now impossible to work either the coal or iron mines to any extent. Excellent coal is also mined for local consumption in San Pete, Uintah, Box Elder, and in remote parts of Emery county. But the bulk of our productions is from the Pleasant Valley and Weber districts. In Pleasant valley the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railway oper- ates a mine which, in 1886, produced 71,814 tons, and the Utah Central Railway Company produced from its mine in the same neighborhood 32,100 tons. In the Weber region the Union Pacific Railway Company produced 32,000 tons and the Home Coal Company 24,025. At Wales, San Pete county, a company mined 1,500 tons of coal of good quality. The value of the total production, 161,439 tons, which is all merchantable coal (exclusive of slack), is $347,134 at the prices charged at the mine. By the time it reaches the consumer it is sold for almost $1,000,000. It would be strange indeed if, in the midst of these bituminous de- posits and in the neighborhood of the great coal-measures, there were not to be found evidences of petroleum ; therefore there are many signs, both in Price canon and extending as far east as Green River station, that only intelligent prospecting is required to find oil wells of considerable volume. For the first time since their discovery attempts are now being made to develop these oil iields. A singular deposit is being opened up in the eastern part of our Territory at a point about 7 miles southeast of Cisco, towards Green river, in the shape of extensive agate fields. Agates and chalcedony artf found in many portions of the United States, but never of such enormous size and beauty as in these fields, which have been located upon by citizens of our Territory, and will be extensively worked in connection with Philadelphia parties. Here are found boulders of most beautiful water agate as large as 5 feet in diameter, without flaws and of delicate tints. Throughout these immense gems are portions of car- nelian, one piece of which has been cut out 5 inches in diameter. The carnelian spots, however, vary in size and opacity, and, in some speci- REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 19 mens, where the chalcedony is green, the spots are of jasper red, form- ing bloodstones of great beauty. That agates of such size and quality are to be found in abundance has excited no small degree of interest, and thousands of acres of these fields have been taken up under the placer act, while plans are being formed for the establishment of works to cut up and polish the stones, many of which are large enough to furnish slabs for table tops, mantel-pieces, etc. A natural product for which Utah is famous is salt, and large quanti- ties are exported for use in silver mines in Idaho, Montana, ITebraska, and Colorado, in addition to what is required at home. A great deal of rock salt for stock is mined in San Pete and Sevier valleys, but by far the greater quantity of salt shipped is manufactured from the waters of the Great Salt lake. It will easily be believed that the supply is ample for all time to come, it being estimated that the waters of the lake alone, if evaporated, would yield 143,000,000,000 cubic feet of solid salt. About 15 per cent, of the lake is solid matter, and of this about 90 per «ent. is pure chloride of sodium, the remainder being chiefly sulphate of soda with a little chloride of magnesium. By improved processes adopted for evaporation, however, the manufactured article is from 96 to 99 per cent. pure. At certain low degrees of temperature the Great Salt lake yields up vast quantities of sulphate of soda, which the winds blow to the shores, where hundreds of tons are sometimes piled up in a single night. The Salt Lake Chemical Works are now starting up their plant intended to convert this hitherto undeveloped resource into soda-ash, sal-soda, car- bonate of soda, etc. In the matter of building stone Utah is to be envied. Within her boundaries she contains an inexhaustible store of handsome limestones, marbles, graTiites, magnesium limestones, most of which are along the lines of the railroads and easy of access. Large quantities of our sand- stones are being shipped to the East, and I have no doubt our marbles will follow as soon as the quarries are opened up. A very superior quality of roofing slate is found on Antelope island, one of the islands of Great Salt lake. It is gray, green, and purple, and experts say is not surpassed in quality by any in America. The differ- ent varieties afford material for any purpose to which slate is usually put. A supply of fire-clay exists in Bingham caiion, which lias been drawn upon by Salt Lake parties to make all the fire-brick used in this region, and considerable has been exported. Further supplies are to be found throughout the Wahsatch mountains, where it underlies the sub-carboniferous limestones. ' In Immigration cai5on, near this city, and other places not far dis- tant, carbonate of soda exists as an efflorescence on the soil. At several points in the Cottonwood canons good qualities of as- bestos are found, much of it being exceedingly flexible and of slender fiber. A similar deposit is reported near Milford, in Beaver county. A vein of copperas is also known. It is located in Spanish Fork caiion, and is 6 to 8 inches in thickness. The mineral waters of Utah, though possessing medicinal qualities of strange virtue, have not, until recently, been bottled for export. During the past year, however, those from the wells at the Hot springs, several miles north of Salt Lake City, have been bottled and sold in considerable quantities, having found favor with the public as effi- cient seltzer. Prominent physicians have indorsed it, and it is likely 20 REPORT OF THE GOVEENOK OP UTAH. that considerable will be exported in the future. An analysis gives the following : G-rams. Chloride of potassium f>'?Ini Chloride of sodium w^Si Chloride of magnesium «qc^ Chloride of calcium ''™* Sulphate of calcium i oro Carbonate of calcium , - i^qq Bi-carbonate of calcium - Z Alumina 009» Silica 031S 12. 5871 The Warm Sulphur springs, still nearer the city, have longbeen famous for their baths, and invalids have come from all parts pf America to test their virtue. For rheumatism and most cutaneous diseases they are very effective, and some remarkable cures have been reported. The waters contain salt, sulphur, magnesia, lime, and iron. There are many other springs in the Territory of a mineral character. There is in various portions of Utah, and in such quantities that the East may well look here for its supply, sulphur, which occurs a& a natural deposit of an average purity of .65 at Gove creek, Millard county, where large quantities are being refined for export. Some large specimens found are almost absolutely pure, while the enormous extent and thickness of the beds and the ease with which they are worked, warrants the belief that we shall, ere long, supply the entire United States with this mineral, as it is nowhere else to be mined to such good advantage. A lake in San Pete county yields, when evaporated, a resi- due of which one-fourth is pure soda, the remainder being chloride of so- dium and sulphate of soda. In southern Utah borax is found in paying quantities. It is 25 per cent, pure as found. It also occurs at a point 25 miles southeast of Pleasant Valley junction. At a convenient point for shipment there are known to be large de- posits of apatite rich in phosphates and suitable for artificial mauures or fertilizers. Deposits of chromite, graphite, and of alumina sulphate are reported. MINES AND MINING. From an interesting paper on gold and silver mining in Utah, pre- pared and read by Gol. O. J. Hollister, of this city, beiore the American Institute of Mining Engineers at their meeting here in July, I extract the following : Let me now pass our mines briefly in review by counties, beginning with — Beaver county .—Ahout 17 miles west of and 1,700 feet above Milford a contact of trachyte and dolomite strikes north and south along the east base of the Grampian mountain. The principal mine of Beaver county, so far as known, is an immense- ore chimney in this contact. Early in 1876 it passed from the hands of the discov- erers into those of Campbell, CuUen & Co., and in February, 1879, was by them sold to the Horn Silver Mining Company. The new company took a one-fourth interest in the extension of the Utah Central Railway from Juab to the mine, 140 miles. The extension was completed in 1879-'80. They established refining works in Chi- cago, and in 188! built five smelting stacks within sight of this city, thereby reducii/g the cost of smelting, which had been before carried on in Frisco, near the mines, from $29.41 to $14.73 per ton. ■ The total output of the mine to the end of 1884, when production comparativelv ceased, was 204,607 tons of ore. The yield of this ore was 69,389 tons of lead buU- ^°?.^°'i ''>260,566 ounces of fine silver. The lead and silver sold for $13,190,828, of which $4,000,000 was disbursed in dividends. ' ' There is no water in the mine and but very little in the vicinity. Dnrino- the year 1864 It cost $5.07 per ton to place the ore on the oars. Cost of supplies, in^olusive of REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 21 1,481,000 feet of timber, was $57,942.23. There were 27,000 days' work on ore, 52,524 pit cars hoisted, 3,600 railway cars of ore shipped, 427 tanks of water used. Cost of transporting to smelter was 1225,000. The smelter reduced 103,079 tons of material. Cost of smelting was |13.29 per ton of ore ; per ton of bullion, $38 ; refining the same in Chicago, $8. More than 100,000 feet of timber permonth went into the mine, yet it cost but 50 cents per ton of ore to timber. The walls of this great ore chimney, have come close together twice, in a vertical depth of 1,200 feet, dividing it into three almost distinct ore bodies. It has been found impossible to support the trachyte-hanging country, which disintegrates upon exposure to the air by the extraction of the ore ; and two caves have occurred in the history of the mine, too late, however, to do much harm. About the end of 1884 the mine had been newly equipped with power to go to a depth of 2,000 feet. A new shatt had been sunk, well out in the hanging country, and connected with the seventh level of the old shaft by drift, equivalent to the tenth level of discovery shaft. Preparations had been made to drive different levels the en- tire length of the ground, 2,940 feet. Of the present condition of the mine I am not prepared to speak. It is understood that the thirtefltith level has been reached and opened, and that there is a great deal of ore which, from its poverty or baseness, or both, can not be profitably taken out at present. Occasional shipments are made, however, and it is very improbable that the history of this great mine is a talet hat is told If the contact fissure in which it occurs contains biit o^e ore pipe in its course of 2 or 3 miles, it will be strange. The showing is promising both north and south of the Horn Silver ground, and in both directions prospecting has been done, resulting, however, in failure. Either the prospectors became discouraged too easily, or their operations were ill-advised. The Carbonate and the Rattler are locations on a strong fissure in trachyte striking at right angles with the Horn Silver fissure. The vein filling is chiefly decomposed trachyte, soft and light, mixed with ore in the ore chimneys in the proportion of four parts of trachyte to one part of ore. From 4 to 8 tons of this material are con- centrated into one by the Krom process at a cost of |1.50 a ton, six men dressing 30 tons a day of ten hours. The product is half lead and contains 60 to 100 ounces silver per ton. The mines are opened to a depth of 600 feet, and furnish their own water. The Cave property comprises 200 acres on the western slope of Cave mountain, a section of the Granite range, 7 miles southeast of Milford. The formation of stratified blue and white dolomite, dipping into the mountain at an angle of 45 degrees, has been twisted and broken vertically, and along this break there is a series of caves, containing ores (sand carbonates and limonites) bearing gold and siver, fine fluxing material, worth on an average perhaps $25 per ton. The workings extend into the mountain nearly 2,000 feet, and vertically 1,000 feet. These properties belong to the Frisco Mining and Smelting Company, which is not doing much with them at pres- ent. The mountains and hills bordering Beaver River valley in the vicinity of Milford were the scene of great activity in the early days of Utah mining. The surface bo- nanzas gave employment to several mills and smelters, although there was then no railroad. Thesurface deposits exhansted, the energetic men of those times soon found the country too slow for them and sought other fields. Men, for the most part of small means, have stuck to these mines, however, shipping a little ore every season, and thus keeping the pot boiling, patiently awaiting the time when capital shall seek them. The country is dry and forbidding in the summer, but there is water and wood enough, and outdoor. operations are never interfered with by snow or cold weather. There are ores of all grades and varieties, in large quantity and small. They are wag- oned to Milford from Lincoln, and Star and Bradshaw districts, 10 to 15 miles, and ■carried by rail to this city for |6 or $7 a ton. Box Elder county. — The country west and northwest of Great Salt Lake to thejlimits •of the Territory is in Box Elder county. There are several mining districts in that part of the county, but, as I have said, their development to any considerable extent awaits the building of railroads to get in and out upon. Juab county. — Tintic is the principal district of Juab county, and a very interesting district it is. There are supposed to be three main ore channels, located and worked under various names, from 1 to 3 miles in length, each of them about one-half a mile apart, and striking north and south. The Eureka Hill group is the great mine of one of these ore channels and of the district, so far as known. I think it is safe to say that the Eureka Hill mine has turned out 50,000 tons of |40 ore in the last four years. The formation of these mines is stratified blue limestone standing vertically on edge and striking north and south. The ore makes between the strata, appearing to have replaced the limestone. Some- times it is the thickness of one stratum, sometimes of several strata, and it occasion- ally makes across the stratification, so that the openings present a labyrinth now 600 22 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. to 900 feet deep, 1,800 feet long, and the full width of the location— 300 feet. The- ore-bearing formation is, indeed, much wider than 300 feet. It is, perhaps, 600 feet. Comparatively dry, these ores have found a more ready market in Colorado tlia^ m Utah. These' mines are fairly well equipped, have still a great deal of unexploited ground, and large ore reserves. The Eureka Hill is said to have a fine body of good, ore at a depth of 900 feet from the surface, the deepest working, I believe, in the district. There are many promising locations about Eureka Hill, but, dependmg^ mainly on their product for development, they are slow in becoming important pro- ducing mines. The Crimson -Mammoth group, li miles south of the Eureka Hill, has an ore chim- ney of mammoth proportions, but the ores bear silver, gold, and copper in about equal degrees, and so have presented a dififioult problem to their owners. All proc- esses of reduction have been successively tried and abandoned — the gold mill^ chloridizing, chlorination, lixiviation, smelting. A process his been tried of late on some 200 tons of the ore by which it is claimed that $15 ores can be profitably treated. The mine has, practically, an unlimited quantity of ores of that grade, with a fair proportion that are three times as good. Half a mile east of this ore channel, and southward, is a second ore channel, located, as the Sunbeam, the Elmer Ray, the Kenzie, the Hidden Treasure, the North Star^ the Dragon (iron), the Carisa, the Northern Spy, the Spy No. 2, etc. Ore has been recently found on a location in line with and 1 mile north of these, supposed to be on the sanje ore channel ; which, if true, would show it to be 3 miles long. It is generally a contact between limestones and iron. The smelters near this city have for years procured their iron ore for fluxing in the neighborhood of the Dragon iron mine. Of the locations named, most of the surface bonanzas wi're exhausted at an insignificant depth. The Northern Spy, worked in a moderate way, has paid for a 10-stamp chlor- idizing mill, $30,000 in dividends, $32,000 for adjoining ground, and is said to hav& $100,000 worth of ore in reserve ready for sloping. Hali a mile east of this ore channel, and farther south again, is a third ore channel, located as the Julian Lane, the Silver Bell, the Golden Treasure, the Tesora, the As- pinwall, the Jo Bowers, etc. The outcrop on many of these locations is immense, almost covering their entire surface and containing rich ores in pots and chimneys, presenting extraordinary inducements to the experienced miner with money at his command, but sure to remain relatively unproductive, and of course unknown, until such miners take hold of them. Ores of lead, copper, gold, and silver are found to the westward of Tintic, for a dis- tance of 50 miles; wherever, indeed, there are mountains or even hills. All that can now be said of them is that the conditions are not such as to permit of their being- profitably wrought. Salt Lake county. — The mines of Salt Lake county are at Bingham caBon in the Oquirrh, and on the Little and Big Cottonwoods opposite, in the Wasatch. The ores- of Bingham caBou are principally lead-silver, and, since the backs of the veins or de- posits were worked out, comparatively poor in silver, low in lead, and base, the mass^ of them requiring concentration before they can be marketed. The main ore cvhannel starts near the top' of the range and strikes northeastward to the valley, 3 miles, crossing Upper Bingham caBon, Bear gulch, Yosemite gulch, and Copper gulch, varying from 12 to ]90feet in thickness — a contact between quartz- ite foot and lime-shale hanging country. The ore makes in pipes 100 to 150 feet through on the course of the ledge, and from 2 to 20 feet in thickness. The ledge pitches northwest about 45 degrees, and the ore pijies pitch in the vein toward the- southwest. The ledge is located as the Nast, the Saturn, the- Utah, the Jordan, the Spanish, the Old Telegraph, the Brooklyn, the Miner's Dream, the Wasatch, etc., and within fif- teen years vast quantities of ore have been taken from it, chiefly out of the ridges be- tween the gulches where surface agencies had oxidized aud concentrated the ore. The Old Telegraph, a consolidation of twenty-one locations covering a mile of the ledge, under a former ownership turned out 60,000 to 70,000 tons of ore, which sold for $1,500,000. The Jordan group is a mile long, and is crossed diagonally by the Galena, which, with the American Flag, and the Excelsior, belong to the property. At the intersection of the Galena and the Jordan 100,000 tons of lead-silver ores were formerly taken out, which sold for about $2,000,000, and there is said to be now lyinff there 1,000,000 tons of $20 quartz, in which gold and silver are so combined that it, has as yet been found impossible to work it to advantage. The Brooklyn lies east of the Old Telegraph, and covers half a mile of the ledge; Its yearly output is not far from 10,000 tons. The Yosemite and the Lead mines are on a similar ledge, 20 to 30 rods distant from the ledge I have been talking of. They have been, and still are, large producers, with the moiety of their ground yet untouched. The Lead is said to have a breast of clean shipping ore 30 feet thick on its lowest (7> level. Pretty well down toward the valley, and having a southern exposure, the Brooklyn, the Yosemite, the Yosemite No. 2, the Lead, the Miner's Dream, and the REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OW UTAH. 23 Wasatclfhave not reached the iron pyrites, lean in both lead and silver, upon which the deposits of these great ore-channels higher up and with a northern exposure, have bottomed. Their product is principally carbonates and sulphates. The ship- ing ores contain about 10 ounces of silver and 40 to 50 per cent. lead. Twenty tons of the low-grade ores are cheaply dressed to 4 or 5, the gain being in lead rather than in silver. Such ores were worthless ten years ago, and there can be no doubt, I think, that millions of tons of Bingham ores, which are now considered worthless, will in like manner be profitably handled in a few years. There are, of course, many valuable mines in Bingham which are not on this prin- cipal ore-channel. The Wiunamuck and the Dixon, the first mines encountered on entering the canon ; they are immediately at the railroad station and open on a level some $1,500,000, the ores averaging 60 ounces per ton ; three times the average of the run of Bingham ores, even those of the surface. There are vast deposits of quartz on Carr Fork similar to that of the Jordan, bear- ing both gold and silver. A gold mill does not catch the gold closely in this mate- rial, and it is too lean to justity costly processes of reduction, and so it lies bleaching in the sun and leaching in the rain. The South Galena, the Live Yankee, the Aladdin, the Live Pine, the Silver Shield, the Last Chance, the Lucky Boy, and many other mines, fifty or sixty in all, help to swell the output of the district. Some of ibhese are first-class mines, but more than half of them ship less than 100 tons each per year. They are worked by "lleasers," and necessarily in a small way. The Cottonwood canons ship about 2,000 tons of ore in a season, chiefly from half a dozen mines. The great lode is the Emma, of dolomite lime, 150 to 250 feet thick, pitching into the mountain at an angle of 45 degrees, known In these days as the New Emma, the Joab Lawrence, the Flagstaff, and the Eclipse. The Emma and the Flag- staff ceased their enormous 'production ten or twelve years ago, but prospecting from tunnels for new ore bodiesat greater depths has been carried on ever since, with only occasional interruptions. The productive stage of the Eclipse is still ahead, and the Joab Lawrence is a steady producer. On the ridge above the Emma ledge are the Prince of Wales, the City Rock, the Evergreen, etc., which are regular sliippers of ore. Below the town of Alta, on the long steep slopes facing each other, operations on various mines seem never to cease or to amount to much. Among the reasons are lack of means and short seasons. The Emma belt extends across the Big Cottonwood, as the Reed & Benson, the Kcssler, the Silver Mountain, and the Maxfield. Besides those there are a hundred more or less promising locations on the Big Cottonwood. Summit County. — Uintah district, in Summit county, is the name of that part of perhaps the greatest mineral field in Utah, which lies east of the dividing ridge at the head of the Cotton woods, and contains the Ontario, the Daly, the Crescent, etc. The Ontario ledge, inclusive of the Daly, is opened continuously for a distance of 6,000 feet. The main working shaft rests at present at the tenth level, there being some years' work for the mill above that level. From this ground about $-i0,000,000 has been taken in the last twelve years, nearly half of which has been disbursed in dividends. Eastward the vein is interrupted by an outburst of porphyry, but west- ward the openii gs and the appearances all favor the belief that it extends to the di- vide, 2 or 3 miles, with perhaps one or two similar veins accompanying it. The Uintah is a wet district, there is a heavy drift, and mines cannot be opened without the use of money to start with. Lack of money has kept the district back, but the extensive exploitation of the Ontario vein and of the adjacent country by the Ontario and the Dalv companies has been so suggestive of the great possibilities of the ground on their general course westward, that on the strength of these develop- ments, taken together with the surface indications, money is at last forthcoming to exploit this ground, although still somewhat timidly. The locations are being com- bined in groups and gathered into the hands of parties able to improve them. The new shaft of the Anchor is said to have cut a vein between its fifth and sixth levels as rich and strong as that of the Ontario. This shaft is half a mile west of the Daly shaft The Anchor is troubled with water, and is at this moment advertismg for bids for the excavation of a drain tunnel more than a mile long, which will draw ofl' to a depth of 1,000 feet. . ^ . .. 4. i. ^ * i. The Ontario is a small vein in quartzite, but its average output for ten years has been about 20,000 tons of dry ore per year— the ore shrinks 25 per cent, in drying- worth in round numbers $100 a ton. The mine has paid its one hundred and thirty- second dividend of 50 cents per share, 64 on 100,000 shares, 68 on 150,000 shares, in aU, $8,300,000 ; $66 on the old shares ; $3'^ on the new shares. Four hundred and fifty men are employed at the mine and mill, at an average wage of $3 .00 a day The mine consumes 15,000 tons of coal in a year, 400,000 feet of lum- ber 200 000 running feet of round timber, 45,000 pieces of lagging. The mill reduces 65 tons 'a day, using 15 tons of coal, and 15 to 20 cords of wood, the latter in the driers and Stetfeldt furnaces. Coal costs $4.50 a ton, wood $5 a cord, lumber $25 per 24 EEPOET OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. M, round timbers 6 centB a foot, lagging 6 cents each. Cost of mining per ton is about $12 ; of milling $14 ; of hauling, prospecting, dead work, repairs, and incidental expenses $5 ; a total of $31. . Great difficulties have been met and oonqnered in the history of the Ontario. The arrangements for taking care of the water are now ample (for some years at least), the mine is well equipped, all branches of the business are systematized, the mill proc- ess approaches perfection, and the life of the mine has been strengthened by a gen- eration through the acquirement of adjacent ground. The mine probably sustains, directly and indirectly, 3,000 or 4,000 souls. There are other productive mines in the district not on what is now supposed to be the line of the Ontairo. The Crescent, 2 miles west and 2,000 feet higher, has an ore-channel 1,200 feet long and 20 rods lying about 100 feet under the surface of a long steep hill, and sloping with the hill toward the northwest. It is not very un- like the deposit in Fryer hill, Colorado, except in the grades of its ores, two-thirds of which are too poor to ship without concentration. The Apex is a companion mine to the Crescent, lying adjoining and contiguous, and presenting many of the same char- acteristics. The Crescent is now sinking a shaft on a perpendicular vein at the inner end of a 2,000-foot tunnel driven from the face of the hill under the ore-deposit. In the same vicinity are the Sampson and the Boss large veins lying under and partly in Pinon hill, and containing bunches of high-grade argentiferous galena. Of all this ore-bearing region the water might be drained to a depth of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet by a tunnel striking the Ontario main shaft at the fourteenth level, 3 miles from the entrance underground of the tunnel. The course of the tunnel would be near and along the eastern extension of the Ontario vein, or what is believed to be such, for a distance of 2 miles, and in these days of machine drills and high explosives its excavation would be a comparatively iiiexpensive undertaking. An outlay of $10,000 a month for three years would probably accomplish'it, working on a single head- ing. Along its course are the Hawkeye, the McHeury, the Lowell, and the Parley's Park, upon each of which shafts have been put down 300 to 400 feet, and levels and crosscuts and adits driven, and then the drivers themselves driven out by under- ground water-spouts. The Ontario could probably excavate this tunnel at less ex- pense than it will cost to sink its main shaft from the tenth to the fourteenth level. I think there are possibilities in Uintah district worthy of the attention of mining engineers. Although it has turned out over $20,000,000, it is, without doubt, still in the earlier stages of development and production. It contains no Comstock, but its veins and deposits are of a character more profitable to exploit and to work as a whole than the vast barren Comstock ledge with its two chief bonanzas, one for each mile of its length and for each fourteen years of its life. Tooele 'county. — The mines of Tooele county are in Ophir and Dry oaBous, oppo- site Bingham canon, on the western slope of the Oquirrh, and near Stockton, be- tween Ophir and Great Salt Lake, in the foot-hills. One goes out there in an hour via the Utah and Nevada Railway, rounding the point of the mountain by the lake shore. The country at Stockton is quartzite and lime, underlaid by syenite. Granite por- phry dikes disturb and cross the veins, which strike mainly with the formation. The gangue is oxide of iron, quartz, spar, and clay. The ore is silver-lead, mostly car- bonate, free from base metals and very desirable as a flux. The leading mine is the Honerine. The ore occurs in well-defined chimneys, of which there may he half a dozen in the course of 1,000 linear feet. The workings strike water 800 to 900 feet from the surface. Four-fifths of the ore requires concen- tration, which is done in a mill near the mine. The shipping ore and the concen- trates average, perhaps, 30 ounces silver and 60 per cent. lead. Until recently, when the smelters materially increased their working charge on carbonate ores, the Ho- norine was selling in this market 400 tons per month. The output is somewhat lees now. The mine has paid $100,000 in dividends, is pretty well equipped, and has 10,000 tons of ore ready for stoping in reserve. A dozen or twenty mines at Stockton, at Dry canon, and at Ophir, similar in char- acter and in nature -and quality of their ores to the Honorine, are wrought with more or less success, according to the means and the enterprise and energy of their owners. " The output of Tooele county might as well be 30,000 or 50,000 tons per annum as 3,000 or .5,000 ; and this is true of the mines on the American Fork, in Utah county, ■which used to be heavy shippers, but are so no longer. " Assessment work " never makes mines. Washington County.— In this county the Silver Reef mines turn out about 250 000 ounces of silver per year, chiefly from the properties of the Christy and the Stormont companies. The ores contain, perhaps, 20 ounces of silver per ton, one-fourth of which IS profit, speaking roughly. For the past ten years the output of Silver Reef has been in the neighborhood of 3,000,000 ounces. The workings of the two com- panies named are quite extensive, and they have a good deal of uuexploited ground REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 25 There is no reasoa to suppose that this silver-bearins; sandstone reef, which is 100 miles long, contains ores rich enough to pay only in the locality where they have so far been wrought. This ends my review by counties. I have aimed to give a general idea of the sub- ject without incumbering it with details. I think all Utah men conversant with the facts would agree with me in saying that as respects Utah mining the harvest is great and the laborers are few. The output of Utah might be made equal to that of Colorado by the judicious application of money to the business. With more eastern and local railroads, which the coming years are certain to bring us, a rush of people to Utah may confidently be expected, with money to nse and with sense enough to ascertain where it can be used to the best advantage. There is not much scope for agriculture in this Territory. If it is to support more than about a quarter of a mill- ion inhabitants, the mining foundation of its industries must be greatly broadened. It certainly can be. Nature has done her part. The mines are here. The mountains are full of mineral from Franklin to Saint George, from the Wasatch to the Sierras. Some "fifteen years since, a mining craze having been Vvorked up on the extroardi- nary output of the Emma and other newly-discovered mines, many Utah mines were sold abroad or in the East at extremely high prices, but the money for the most part went into the hands of the promoters and middle-men. Very little of it was ever ex- pended in improvements or in mine development in Utah. I believe the business of mining has had to depend more upon itself in Utah, and that it has been conducted more on the profits or product realized, than any other State or Territory. Hence, when the surface bonanzas were exhausted, many good mines were virtually aban- doned. In some cases new funds have been got hold of, or a long siege without ade- quate means, depending altogether on product, has enabled owners to strike the sec- ond and even the third bonanzas. The Winnamuck and Dixon, mentioned before, is an instance of abandonment at water-level, after an output of 25,000 tons of 60-onnce ore. Almost all the mines of Bingham, now altogether turning out 50,000 tons a year, were long since thought to be exhausted. At Stockton the Honerine is a resuscitated mine, and so are all the mines now worked in Tooele county. At one time the Ontario ore ran only |67 a ton for a year. A one-fourth interest in the mine was offered for sale at $375,000. The miue was carefully examined and the offer declined. That one-fourth interest has since earned for its owners in dividends five times |375,000. The Eureka Hill mine was offered for sale and partly sold in the East at what were regarded as extortionate figures. Somehow the sale miscarried ; local owners after a time got hold of it, carefully resumed work, carrying it on with the proceeds, ship- ping some seasons hardly twenty car-loads of ore. Butin the last four years the yield of the mine has been enormous, and as yet there are no signs of exhaustion. WTien the Horn Silver mine was said by Campbell, CuUen & Co., all the experts could see 500,000 tons of ore in it. When 50,000 tons had been extracted that body of ore was all gone, but two distinct ore bodies of usual dimensions have been since found below it. The Crescent, in Summit county, was virtually abandoned as the Pinon for ten years, and then a hundred thousand tons of ore were found in the hill. The point I seek to impress is that constantly there bas been a lack of means on the part of the Utah miners to employ in extensive appliances and deep and wide working. It is ten years since the enormous output of the Emma and the Flagstaff ceased. Exploitation has been carried on ever since in both of them under unusual natural difaoulties.without satisfactory result. With plenty of means, justifying en- larged plans and more push, and enabling work to be done to better advantage, it is likely that new and even larger ore deposits than those found nearthe surface would ere now have been disclosed. These two mines turned out in their earlier years $7,000,000 or |«,000,000. . „. ^ ., ,vt .-u c v, -j- • Aside from the mills at Silver Reef, there are in Utah the Northern Sny chloridizing mill at Tintic, and the Ontario and the Daly chloridizing mills at Park City. There are two or three gold mills, now idle. There are three smelters, the Germania., the Hanauer and the Mingo, running two or three stacks each, and the Horn Silver smelter, with five stacks, the latter idle at present. , „r . Perhaps 20 per cent, of our ores are bought by the smelters East and West, compe- tition between them forcing them to offer prices for certain kinds of ores which the Utah smelters decline to give. , ^ .„ ^_ , ... j. . j., ^ ■, The reduction of the cost of coke to $6 or $7 per ton— it is now twice that— and additional smelters in this valley, would of itself largely increase the output of our mines and these conditions will be secured by the construction of additional railroads from the East to this valley. This is being done at this moment, so that the outlook for minino- in this Territory and in districts naturally tributary to this valley may safely be regarded as promising. 26 EEPOET OF THE GOVEENOE OP UTAH. The mineral product of the Territory for the calendar year of 1886, carefully prepared from reliable sources by Mr. J. E. Dooly, manager of Wells, Fargo & Oo.'s bank, of Bait Lake, is here given : Copper. Lead re- fined. Lead nnre- fined. Fine silver. Fine gold. BASK BULLION. Pounds. Pounds. 208, 800 Pounds. 9, 834, 700 11, 741, 763 11, 743, 749 523, 631 Ounces. 663, 106 903, 302 380, 440 23,845 OuTices. 1,85S 2,374- 1,640 55 208, 800i 33, 843, 843 13, 024. 852 1, 587, 565 1, 970, 693 649, 878 217, 682 5, 922 1,921 Contents ore and matte shipped 2, 407, 560 526 Total 2, 407, 550 208, 800 48, 436. 260 2, 838, 263 8,36» BORE BABB. 801, 712 1, f 59, 667 393, 631 25, 569 63» 981 Silver Eeef I)istrict 58S 3, 080, 579 2,208 EECAPITtTLATION. 2,407,550 pounds copper, at 6 cents per pound $144,453. 00 208,800 pounds refined lead, at 4.63 cents per pound 9,667.44 48,456, 260 pounds unrefined lead, at $58 per ton ' 1, 405, 231. 5 5,918,842 ounces fine silver, at $0.99U2 per ounce 5,860,837.34 10,577 ounces fine gold, at $20 per ounce 211, 540. 00 Total export value 7, 631,729.32 Computiag the gold and silver at its mine valuation and other metals at their value at the sea-board, it would increase the value of the product to $10,365,044.67. Comparative slalement, showing the quantity of the silver and gold contained in base bullion produced in Gtah. Tears. Total sil- ver pro- duced. Total gold produced. Silver in ores and base bul- lion. Gold in ores and base bullion. Total silver produced. Total gold product. 1877 Ounces. 4, 359, 703 4, 357, 328 3, 835, 047 3, 783, 566 5, 400, 101 5, 435, 444 4, 531, 763 5, 669, 483 5, 972, 689 5,918,842 Ounces. 17, 825 15,040 15, 932 8,020 7,958 9,039 6,991 5,530 8,903 10, 577 Ounces. 2, 102, 098 2,108,339 1,797,589 1,403,819 2, 643, 899 2, 581, 789 2,351,190 3, 253, 984 3, 189, 576 2,838,263 Ounces. 11, 0:(5 10, 165 5,693 2,878 2,622 5,016 5,597 3,806 7,289 8,369 Per cent. 48.2 48>3 ilS.S 37.1 48.9 47.3 51.8 57.4 53.4 47.9 ^er cent. 63.8 67.5 35.7 35.8 32.9 55.5 80 68.8 81.8 79.1 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883. 1884 1885 1886 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 27 Comparative statement of the value of lead bullion, inoluding silver and gold necessarily pro- duced in its manufacture west of the Missowri river. [Complied from the animal reports issued by John J. Valentine, vice-president and general manager, Wella, Fargo & Co., San Francisco.] Tears. Total valne of precious met- als, including lead. Total value of lead bullion, in- cluding goldand silver contents. Per cent, of entire product. 1878 $81, 154, 622 75, 349, 501 80, 167, 936 84, 604, 417 92, 411, 835 90, 313, 612 . 84,976,954 90, 181, 260 $i4, 740, 581 19,234,394 28, 114, 664 30, 263, 4;)0 35, 798, 760 34, 810, 022 31,191,250 36, 721, 711 18.1 25. & 35 36.8 38.7 38. §■ 36.7 39.6 1879 1880 1881 1882 .. 1883 1884 1885 The above statement shows a marked annual increase in the percentage of precious metals produced in the manufacture of base bullion. It demonstrates conclusively that the process of smelting is i u the ascendant for the reduction of ores, and that any causes tending to decrease or discourage the production of lead will produce a corre- sponding decrease in the gold and silver production west of the Missouri river. EAILEOADS. There has been no increase in the railroad mileage of this Territory during the year past, but in the general awakening of our material in- terests there are unmistakable evidences that railroad building will soon begin. The Colorado Midland has been incorporated in this Ter- ritory, to connect on our eastern border with the new road now pushing westward through Colorado. A broad-gauge road has also been pro- jected to strike westward from Salt Lake City, tapping a number of im- portant mining districts on our western border and in Nevada, and open- ing up a vast range of fertile country now very isolated, but abounding in resources. Its ultimate destination is Los .A.ngeles, Cal., and a num- ber of wealthy and influential Californians have the project in hand in concert with some of our own citizens. The railroad system of Utah is herewith given : I^rom — To— Miles of line. Eoaa. h 5^ CO i Union Pacific : ■Wyoming line , . 73 280 57 31 Lebi Silver City Park City Salt Lake City 37 Idaho line 76 Coalville Park City 27 Total Union Pacific ... 441 140 Denver and Eio Grande Western : 310^ Bingham Junction Alta Pleasant Valley Junction 368 "Western. fifl-ntral Papifir in Utah - ... ... Nevada line Chester 157 Wephi . . . 34 598 642 ' *Total length Ogden to Silver Bow, 410 miles. 28 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. THE INDIANS OF UTAH. Being without reports from the agencies located in this Territory, it is difficult to give more than a general treatment of this subject. I be- lieve there are some 2,000 to 2,200 Indians in Utah altogether, the greater number of whom are at the Uintah and Ouray agencies on the eastern boundary of the Territory. The remainder exist partly in rov- ing bands and partly in the settlements they have made for themselves at different places. There are three such communities where the In- dians, by abjuring their tribal relations, have taken up the lands per- mitted them by law and have done much to improve them and their own condition. These Indian towns are at Deep Greek, Thistle Valley, and at Washakie, near Bear river. At the latter place they have a school, store, decent houses, and some comforts. The roving bands ac- knowledge some one or other of the well known chiefs ; those in the northern part of the Territory being chiefly Shoshones, and those to the south' Piutes. There is not the slightest sign of hostility on the part of the Indians away from the reservations, those who rove being un- ambitious and without spirit, while as to those who gather in their farm- ing villages, all their paths are peace. LABOR SUPPLY AND "WAGES. As a general proposition it> may be stated that the labor supply of Utah is not greater than the demand, and the indications are that in the near future there will be a demand for certain classes of labor that we cannot fill. So far, however, during the past year, all willing to work have been able to find employment and there need not have been an unoccupied man in our midst. There have been weeks when it was difficult for employers to get sufficient help, but on the whole the sup- ply has been about equal to the demand. In a few lines of trade, no- tably plumbers and steam fitters, skilled labor has been sent for, and just at present there are, besides these, barely enough for present needs of carpenters, masons, stone cutters, and wood-working machinists. Whether this demand will continue this fall I cannot say, but there is a general feeling that we shall need, in the spring, more of such skilled labor than will be at our command. Farm labor is not over plentiful and in the season difficult to secure. Experienced cattle and sheep herders are also scarce and hard.to get. A number of reliable hands of this sort would find certain employment in this Territory. The following will indicate what wages are paid in the larger cities ; Wages. Kemarks. Carpenters per day.. Joiners do Wood-worliing machmiats do Wood turners do Steam-fitters and plnmbers do Masons do Engineers (stationary) do Stone-cutters do Blacksmiths and sheers : In town do In camp do... Plasterers do... Slaughterers per month.. Tailors per week. Bakers per month . Miners per day . Laborers do... Mason's tenders do... Farm hands per month. Cattle and sheep herders .... do . . . i. 00 to $2. 50 to $3. 00 3. 50 to 4. 60 3.60 3.50 4.50 4.00 8.00 4.00 3. 00 to 3. 50 4.00 3. 00 to 3. 60 10. 00 to 90. 00 .5. 00 to 20. 00 i5. 00 to 60. 00 3. 50 to 4. 00 1.75 2.00 *30. 00 00 to 40. 00 '30. In strong demand. Do. Scarce. Do. Stiff; fully employed in good weather. In good demand. > In good s apply, bat no surplus. Employment irregular. All well employed and no surplus. A good supply just now. * With board. REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 29 Women's labor is easily secured by the few concerns employing them. They earn in the shoe factories from $5 to $9 per week, the machinists making from $12 to $20 per week. EDUCATION. The commissioner of schools of the Territory appointed under section 25 of "An act to amend an act entitled 'An act to amend section 5352 of the Eevised Statutes of the United States, in reference to bigamy, and for other purposes,' " is now collecting information for his report in conformity with that law, and so soon as the same can be completed it will be sent to the Department. SCHOOL LANDS. No disposition other than as follows have been made of school lands in this Territory. The full complement of lands (two townships) granted by the Government for university purposes, have been located, as re- quired by law, in the counties of Cache, Juab, Piute, San Pete, Salt Lake, Sevier, Tooele, and Utah. These lands are without water right, and for this reason are of comparatively little value, most of our farm- ing depending upon irrigation, and their future value will depend in a great measure upon the adoption of an improved system of storing water, or the sinking of artesian wells. It would seem, considering the value of these lands, that Congress should supplement its gift and make additional grants for university purposes. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The Territory has no public building in Salt Lake City for the accom- modation of its officials and for the meetings of its legislative assembly. Offices in private buildings are rented for its officers, and the legislative assembly holds its sessions in the City Hall. At Fillmore, in Millard county, the former capital, an expenditure of an appropriation by the Government of $25,000 was made, and a large two-story adobe building erected. This building is now in the custody of Mr. Kelly, of Fillmore, and the small revenue realized from it is used in the care of the build- ing. A part of the building is occupied as a school. 1 am informed that the ground belonging to this public square has been incroached upon by private parties. The property is without value to the Govern- ment, and should be sold. I renew my recommendation of last year, that an appropriation should be made for a suitable public building here. POLYGAMY. In the past year there have been 160 convictions for polygamy and unlawful cohabitation, 71 in the first, 26 in the second, and 63 in the third district court. Ofthe convictions, 3 were for polygamy. Sentence was suspended as to 15 upon their promising to obey the law in the future. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION AND STATEHOOD. I had occasion in my last annual report to set forth the situation here as follows : The all-absorbing question in this Territory, dominating all others, hurtfully af- fecting its prosperity, impeding its advancement, and disturbing the quiet and hap- piness of its people, and the one question ofthe utmost concern and solicitude to the 30 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. ■whole country, is the attitude of defiance assumed and maintained by the Mormon people, who probably are five-sixths of the whole population, to the law of Congress for the suppression of polygamy, known as the " Edmunds law." In all questions affecting the Mormon Church and people the polygamous and monogamous Mormons make common cause, stand together, and are united. They maintain publicly, through their leaders and teachers, in their houses of worship, through their press, and pri- vately in social and busiiiess circles that the law is infamous, an interference with and a denial to them of that religious freedom guaranteed to all by the Constitution ; of their right and religious duty to continue in violation of the law their polygamous relations, and they deny the authority of Congress to regulate and interpose any re- strictions as to the marital relation ; that the obedience which they ow^e and will cheerfully render to a power higher than any earthly power compels them to exer- cise their religious rights and privileges in the face of and in violation of the law ; that they are prepared to and will, if required of them, sacrifice their personal com- fort, their property, suffer indefinite imprisonment, and surrender life itself rather than yield and promise obedience to the law and forego the privileges they claim. The •Government can have and hold but one position towards this people, which is of easy statement : Its authority must be respected, its laws must be obeyed. It is true, however, that a large majority of the people stoutly and st ubbomly affirm publicly and privately, that the enforcement of certain laws is destructive of their rights as freemen, an assault upon their religion, and an invasion of the sanctity of . their homes. The minority with equal vigor and openness proclaim that the practices of those people are immoral ; that they are disloyal to the Government, and that their attitude of defiance to the laws interferes with the advancement and prosperity of the Territory, and iniiicts injury upon all of its interests. It follows necessarily that the people here with a bitterness of feeling are divided as they are nowhere else in the country. The division is clear, distinct, and palpable. The causes of division, in language not distinguished for its mildness, are constant- ly, earnestly, and vehemently discussed through the press, in the houses of worship, and in the social circle, engendering an intense feeling of bitterness. The vigorous enforcement of the unpopular laws against the people in the majority, with a prospect of further stringent legislation, does not tend to soothe or make them more amiable. 1 then recommended the enactment by Congress of the Senate bill, as amended and reported from the Judiciary Committee of the House, entitled, "An act to amend an act entitled 'An act to amend section 5352 of the Revised Statutes of the Uuited States in reference to bigamy, and for other purposes,'" approved March 22, 1882, as healthful and wise legislation for the improvement of and an aid to the final settle- ment of Qur troublesome condition. Congress saw fit to make impor- tant modifications of said bill before enacting it. But a little more than six months have elapsed since the bill became a law, yet within that •short period a material and wonderful change has taken place in the situation here. Almost the entire adult Mormon population, except actual polygamists, have professedly yielded the position heretofore maintained by them, and held when my last report was made, and have taken and subscribed to the following oath, prescribed by law, to qual- ify themselves as electors and ofBce holders : Tereitoby of Utah, County of - I) , being duly sworn (or affirmed), depose and say that my full name is that I am years of age ; that my place of business is : that I am a (single or) married man; that the name of my lawful wife is that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and will faithfully obey the laws thereof, and especially will obey the act of Congress approved March 22, 1882, entitled "An act to amend section 5352 of the Revised Statutes of the United States in reference to bigamy, and for other purposes," and that I will also obey the act of Congress of March 3, 1887, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled an act to amend section 5352 of the Revised statutes of the United States in reference to bigamy, and for other purposes, approved March 2i, 1832," in respect of the crimes in said act defined and forbidden, and that I will not, directly or indirectly, aid or abet counselor advise any other person to commit any of said crimes defined by acts of Congress as polygamy, bigamy, unlawful cohabitation, incest, adultery, and forni- cation; and I further swear (or affirm) that I am not a bigamist or polygamist and REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 31 that I liave not been convicted of any crime under the act of Congress entitled An act to amend section 5352 of the Revised Statutes of the United States in refer- ence to bigamy, and for other purposes," approved March 22, 1882 ; nor under the act mendatory thereof of March 3, 1887, and that I do not associate or cohabit polygam- ously with persons of the other sex. Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of , A. D. 188-. Following the taking and subscribing of this oath of registration, the Mormon people, upon the invitation of their territorial committee, sent delegates to a convention which assembled in this city on the 30th of June last, which, during its sittings, formulated and adopted with the approbation of almost their entire people a constitution for the pro- posed State of Utah, and abolishing and forbidding polygamy and big,- amy. Congress at its next session will be petitioned to admit Utah into the Union of States under this constitution. Invitations couched in similar language were addressed to the chair- men of the Democratic and Republican territorial committees and pres- ident of the Democratic club to take part in the constitutional conven- tion. I herewith embody the invitation addressed to the chairman of the Democratic committee, his reply, also the replies of the Eepublican committee and the president of the Democratic club : Hbadquajitkrs People's Tekritoriai, Central Committee, Salt Lake Ciiij, Utah, June 17, 1887. J. B. ROSBOROUGH, Esq., Cliairman Central Committee Democratic party of Utah, Salt Lalce City, Utah : Dear Sir : The territorial central committee of the People's party, considering that the time is propitious for an application for admission into the Union of the Territory of Utah, has called mass conventions to be held in the several counties June 25, to nominate delegates to a constitutional convention to be held in this city June 30, 1887. It is desired that this movement be made as general as possible, aud that all classes of the people of the Territory shall participate in it. We therefore solicit the co-operation of the Democratic party of Utah, aud through you as its chairman we respectfully invite your committee and your party to talce au active part in the mass conventions, and to assist in the nomination of delegates to the constitutional convention, with the understanding that if you accept this invitation your party shall be accorded a fair representation in the coiavention. By order of the People's territorial central committee. John R. Winder, Chairman. Junius Wells, Corresponding Secretary. CHAIRMAN ROSBOROUGH'S REPLY. Salt Lake City, June 24, 1887. John R. Winder, Esq., Chairman Peoples Territorial Central Committee : Dear Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt on Sunday the 18th instant, of your favor of the 17th instant, announcing that your committee had called "mass conventions" to meet in the several counties on the 25th instant to nominate delegates to a constitutional convention to be held in this city on the 30th instant, and inviting the co-operation of the Democratic party of Utah in the mo\ement, with the under- standing that they will be " accorded" a fair representation in such convention. Having determined the propriety of the measure aud talien action, you asli our co- operation. The brief interval of less thau a week has precluded the possibility of getting our committee together to consider aud answer in a more formal manner your proposal, or present to yon such counterproposal as is hereinafter indicated, looking to a previous consideration and discussion of the propriety and expediency of such a movement under existing conditions in the Territory. Your proposition, in plain words, is that the Democrats in the Territory unite with you in asking Congress to retire from the issue forced upon the Federal Government by opposition to its laws maintained by the dominant party in the Territory, and in- vest Utah under the continued domination of that party, reinforced by its lately dis- franchised members, with the power of State government. Now, SQ fajr as I know, there is not a Democrat, or, as for that matter, a single non-Mormon oiF any shade of 32 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. political faith in Utah, who is willing to co-operate in the proposed measure, or wouldl not regard its consummation as not only destructive of their individual rights and in- terests, but suicidal to the peace an d prosperity of the Terri tory . A long residence here, and a familiarity with the discussions elicited by the abnormal condition of affairs in Utah, have impressed me with a sense of the unanimity of that opinion and belief and the reasons therefor. In giving expression to the same and of their unwilling- ness to join in your design of a State government, it is proper that I should here state some of these reasons in order that the same may be better understood, and that the country may judge whether the time is "propitious" or the Territory prepared for Statehood. (1) It is the duty of Congress to secure to the several States in the Union a gov- ernment republican in fact and in spirit, as well as in form, and this obligation im- poses the further duty of seeing, before the admission of any new State, that its people are prepared for the safe exercise of State control, and in harmony with our political institutions. Utah under the control of your party, invested with delegated powers, has stood for aquarterof a century, and still stands, arrayed against national laws, and used these delegated powers to defeat their operation. (2) Your party is the dominant church, and that church, as a political organization, constitutes your party ; nothing contained in one is wanting in the other, and neither contains what is not tolerated in the other ; they are one and the same in their mem- bership, so that independent political action by an individual can never occur except with apostasy from the creed. The theory upon which our republican institutions are based is that all political power is derived from the people. On the contrary, the leaders of your party claim and teach, and their followers concede, that all rightful political power is derived from God, and is delegated to his chosen ministers, who have a divine commission to rule over the people, whose first duty is to obey counsel (i.e., submit to dictation) in temporal as well as spiritual concerns ; and they further hold and teach, as a politicalmaximaswellasadogmaof a creed, that this divine com- mission entitles them to the present right to, and the near future possession of, uni- versal sovereignty to be founded upon the ruins of all secular ("man-made" Gov- ernments. ,Such assumptions are utterly repugnant to American institutions, but at the same time these pretensions gauge the patriotism of these leaders and denote the intelligence and other qualifications of their followers for citizenship and Statehood. (3) The assumption of political power under ecclesiastical orgauizatiou has been the chief cause of the trouble in which your party has been involved wherever in contact with State governments in former times, as in the State of Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois, and with Federal authority in Utah. Not satisfied with taking equal chances under the law with other religious sects, your party adopted and has alwaya pursued the policy in these States, and later in Utah, of gathering their followers to- gether in compact bodies, organized to act as a unit, in an Ishmaelite spirit, for the purpose of securing and holding political control. A convincing proofof this fact is that a branch of your &ith, which early repudiated these ambitious purposes, is scattered in many States, in the enjoyment of undisturbed peace. If clothed with the powers of a sovereign State, an organization which has defied the laws of States and waged a contest with the Government of the United States in opposition to its laws, and in disregard of decisions of the Supreme Court, with the limited powers of a Territory, can not be trusted to forego the use of those largely increased powers in the same direction and in such manner and spirit as must necessarily lead to collision with the Federal Government. In the very nature of things, this would be inevitable; and instead of settling the vexed Utah question finally and peaceably, the admission of the Territory as a State would enlarge and embitter the contest, and render more de- structive and deplorable tlae mode of final settlement. (4) The hasty and irregular mode you have adopted without any enabling act, without consideration or discussion, without the formality of election of delegates, where elective franchise is restricted and qualified, and without any popular demand, is objectionable, and would tend to defeat the purpose of the movement, even if more serious objection did not exist. After more than thirty years of abuse of delegated legislative and judicial powers by the Territory, Congress in 1883, and again in 1887, revoked some of these powers and vested them in Federal agencies with the express declaration in each of these acts that such revoked powers would be withheld until the Territory, by fair and appropriate legislation, should provide for the proper exer- cise of those powers. Five years have elapsed, and Utah has made no provision to meet the fair offer, but, on the contrary, has continued to the present time a factious and unremitting contest with the Federal authority. Can it, with any reason, be expected that Congress will acknowledge defeat and retire from the contest, and vest in such, hands the immense increase of power de- manded ? In view of the history and conditions of Utah in its political relation to the Fed- eral Government and the spirit of opposition to its laws, if there ever was a reason for an enabling act according to the usage, in any instance, this Territory presents the most conspicuous case for such prerequisite. 34 EEPOET OP THE GOVERNOE OF UTAH. REPLY OP THE REPUBLICAN COMMITTEE. Salt Lake City, June 24, 1887. John E. Winder, Esq., Chairman of People's Party Territorial Central Committee, Salt LaTce City, Utah : Dear Sir : Your letter addressed to the chairman of the Eepublican Central Com- mittee was not received until three days since, by reason of his temporary absence, and the brief time since has precluded consultation among the entire committee, but having had a meeting of a majority for the purpose of considering your letter, we now return you this reply, and wish, to say that it is the unanimous conclusion of all who have been consulted. Your letter invites the Eepublioans of Utah, through their central committee, to take part in mass meetings, called by the People's party "to select delegates to a con- vention which is to prepare a constitution, with a view to an application by the Territory of Utah for admission into the Union as a State." We acknowledge with pleasure the courtesy which prompted your invitation, while we sincerely regret that the brief time permitted us for a reply, as well as for consultation, will not allow us to answer your invitation as we would desire. The exigencies of your call for the meetings to which we are invited entitle you to an immediate reply, and we must necessarily abridge rather than elaborate this response. We acknowledge the importance of the subject of your letter. The question of statehood for Utah involves to a great degree the most vital iuterests affecting the welfare and prosperity of the people of Utah, and has, as we conceive, even a greater importance to the Gentile or non-Mormon portion which we represent than to those of your committee. We concede freely the gravity of the proposition, and shall dis- cuss it, we hope, with the solemnity which properly attaches to it. We regret exceedingly that your invitation by its terms assumes that the propriety and expediency of Utah becoming a State is not a question to be considered. As this is the most vital question in issue we shall, before concluding, discuss it, because while we can not for other reasons accept your invitation, we regard this question as by far the most important one belonging to the discussion. Preliminary to that, however, we call attention to the manner in which our co-op- eration is sought. You say, with a manner bordering upon the patronizing, that your committee solicit "the co-operation of the Eepublican party of Utah" in your movement for state- hood, and invite that party to take an active part in the mass conventions called by your committee, with the assurance that if we do so we "shall be accorded a fair representation" in the proposed convention. As we are advised by the public press that a like invitation has been extended to the Democratic party of Utah, we may fairly assume that the proposition amounts to this: The People's party by its com- mittee having called upon its followers to elect delegates to the propused conven- tion which it has decided to hold, proposes that the Eepublicans aud Democrats shall enter the People's party organization aud meetings and allow such meetings to select delegates from the entire mass assembled, with the assurance that a fair representation will be "accorded" to Republicans and Democrats. Instead of our political organization choosing its own representatives from among the party, we are invited into the camp of another party, or rather two other parties, and told that these two and ourselves may select a number of Eepublicans, such as the whole shall decide Is "fair," as delegates to the convention. Instead of the Eepublican party, therefore, being called upon to send delegates of its own choosing to the convention, it Is asked to allow those not of its party to select Its representatives for it. Perhaps if a proposal of this kind were made by the two great national parties to each other — that is, each party should allow its opponent to select its candidates for public sta- tion — the substance of the propositi on would be more readily understood ; but, we take it, there would be no difference between such a proposition and the one submitted to US, except that while you propose to select the Eepublican delegates, you do not indi- cate any willingness to " accord " to the Eepublican party the like privilege of select- ing the delegates of the People's party. Passing this, however, there Is another view of the subject to which we desire to call attention. The People's party is admittedly a local party in Utah Territory. It claims neither connection nor affiliation with either of the great national parties of the country, and even in the situation of a can- didate for the national Congress it maintains its opposition to both those parties. It is not only a distinct party, but its followers, as is well known, are made up exclu- sively of one class of people In Utah — those who are adherents of the Mormon Church. This party has hitherto, as we shall show, been unsuccessful in the frequent applica- tions it has made to secure the admission of Utah Into the Union as a State, a,nd find- ing this, in their opinion, a "propitious time" to renew their former efforts in that direction, desire to enlist the co-operation of these organizations which have political relations and influence with the two great parties of the country to aid it in securing the success of its scheme. We are asked l>y the Mormon Church party, speaking KEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 35 plainly, not to decide upon the expediency and propriety of the measure it proposes, but to assist them to do what they have failed to accomplish without us. In fact, your invitation, while entirely polite iu form, bears on its face evidence that you regard it as conoescenaiou when you allow us-7-" accord" is the word — the privilegesof aidingyou w-^S*'"n'"^ fin object about the propriety of which we have not been consulted. With all due respect we must be allowed to say that before we give our aid to such a scheme we should be permitted first to examine and determine upon its wisdom and propriety. Your invitation predetermines that question, and that now is the propitious" time for an application for admission into the Uuion, and without con- sulting us as to whether we agree with you on this vital proposition, you seem to think we should be sufficiently honored by an invitation to assist in consummating your scheme. THE PKOPOSED MOVEMENT. This brings us naturally to the discussion of the State movement— its object, pur- pose, and result, its wisdom and expediency. This, in the limited time at our dis- posal, we can only do iu a very general way, leaving much unsaid which the occa- sion demands, and which we woulrl not willingly omit. Applications for the admission of Utah to the privileges and powers of a State have been repeatedly made heretofore by those who compose the " People's party," to the Congress of the United States. A constitution was framed in 1850, and an application based upon that was made for admission as the State of Deseret. The application was refused. In 187ii! another constitution was framed and again presented to Congress with a petition for admission. This was also rejected. In 1882, still another consti- tution was formed, and application for admission again denied. Petitions and me- morials of the legislature of Utah, under control of your party, and at public meetings called and controlled by the Mormon Church, through its political committees, have again and again urged the Congress of the United States to give statehood to Utah. They have uniformly been disregarded, and in the discussion of other questions relat- ing to this Territory the sentiment in the national Congress on the question has been unmistakably adverse to the proposition. The formal attempt made in 1873 to se- cure the passage of that measure in Congress was not only a failure, but it was shortly after emphasized by Congressional legislation for Utah, which very clearly indicated the public sentiment of the country at that time on the subject. The calling of the constitutional convention in lt'82 met with a rebuke in further special legislation by Congress for Utah. Instead, therefore, of Congress having given any indication of a desire to extend the powers of the Mormon Church by giving over the control of Utah to it, through a State government, it is only a few months since — whatever may be said as to the effectiveness of the legislation enacted — that Congress unmistakably indicated its purpose to restrict the powers of the organization to still narrower limits. In view of this condition of things, known to all intelligent people, we may be permitted to ask. Why do your committee assert that now is a "propitious" time for the renewal of the many rejected applications of Utah for admission ? What change in the public sentiment of the people of the United States has taken place which justifies the assertion that now is a propitious time for your application? What change in the attitude of the People's party (the Mormon Church in political harness) on -those subjects which have always presented such obstacles to statehood has been undergone, which enables you to make such a confident announcement ? If any such changes have occurred, either on the part of your party iu Utah, who are anxious for admission as a State, or on the part of the national authoiities or national public sentiment, we are not advised of it. And even if we were favor- able to the objects of your convention, we could not with our limited information assert this to be an opportune occasion for the effort. Iu truth, to be frank, we susipect that in the present closely balanced condition of political parties in the United States, and in the anxiety of each to strengthen itself for future interests, your committee have a hope that by some political alliance appealing to the necessi- ties of one or the other of the great parties, your object, otherwise hopeless, may be secured. Your call for a convention implies, by the fact of its being made under the circum- stances, that your party, and the church organization it represents, have concluded to modify its position in some essential features. We are free to say (and we oppose the State organization and admission on that basis) that in so far as the institution of polygamy has been an obstacle in the way of the success of the scheme of statehood, we suppose that your organization is prepared to surrender to the public sentiment of the country and abandon it. Any effort for admission without such conceasiou would be prepostbrous, in view of the known pub- lic sentiment throughout the country. Therefore we, iu announcing our position, do so under the supposition that all objection to the admission of Utah as a State be- cause of the attitude of those hitherto wielding her political power on the subject of polygamy will be met by a real or seeming abandonment of this custom for the future. 36 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. OBJECTIONS NOT MET. This question aside tbeD, we desire to say that our objections to Utah becoming a State are still imtouched. These objections, simply stated, are: The masses of the people of Utah are adherents of an ecclesiastical system which forbids all harmonious relations with any system of civil government founded on the right of man to govern himself. The central idea of your system is, that all lawful government eapanatea by revelation from God to His priesthood, and that it is the duty of all its followers to be advised by that priesthood on all subjects of a governmental as well as spinfcaal character. Adhesion to this theory, which negatives all faithful allegiance to a,ny authority -which it does not control, has been themain cause of all the hostility which the system has ever encountered among just and fair-minded people who are not Mor- mons. . The kingdom of God on earth is the Mormon Church, as its followers assert, and is destined to supplant all other governments, or rule through them. A people vrho be- lieve such a doctrine cannot be entrusted with the powers of government without the destruction of all the rights that others are guaranteed under the Republican system. A people entertaining these views are, in our opinion, unfit to be trusted with polit- ical power. As a matter of demonstration, we know how grossly it has been abused in the past, when they enjoyed it without restraint, and we see nowhere the slightest evidence which gives us any hope that you have in this particular "seen the error of your ways." A people who acknowledge this theocratic idea of government cannot be true and faithful citizens of any other form of civil government; they have no proper guiding principles for its administration. If Utah should be clothed with the forms of a State, the result would be a theo- cratic State in which, as Mr. Cannon, oue of jour ablest and wisest oracles, expressed it, " The voice of God would be the voice of the people," and this voice find expression through the chosen mouthpiece — the head of the Mormon Church. This political axiom of your People's party is announced by its recognized leaders and is accepted ■with full faith and obedience. It reverses the entire theory upon which all Repub- lican governments aie founded, and derives the authority to govern, not from the people, but from those annointed, as you claim, by a divine commission to rule over them. These differences are too radical for accommodation, for our fundamental idea of all civil government is, that it is derived from the people. In a State estab- lished under a theocratic idea a free public sentiment finds no place. It extinguishes and annihilates all the fundamental beacons of the Republican government around us, and remits us to the darkness of that superstition and fanaticism which the world of intelligence and law has been struggling to escape. This element of your system, or faith, if you choose to call it such, renders it impossible for your people to live in harmony with any other community in onr land. These pretensions forced your earliest leaders, almost at the dawji of your career, to leave tie State of Ohio, one of tile most tolerant portions of our Union, and to seek the frontier of civiliza- tion on the western boundaries of Missouri. The attempt to condemn the laws of that State, on your theory that God's people — whom you claim to be — " were a law unto themselves, " soon led to that exit from the State which forms so prominent a chapter in your list of grieva\]ces against the United States Government. The same pretensions compelled you to abandon Illinois and retreat to' a spot then the most t horoughly isolated of any on the continent. All this occurred before those social and domestic customs which have, by the astonishment which their adoption has created, obscured the most vital objections to your system. Here, in this para- dise of the Rocky Mountains, for more than ten years, your system, practically un- checked and uncontrolled, had full sway. What was t"he result? You were in" open rebellion against the government of the United States. Your prophet, then bearing the commission of governor, as an United States oifieer issued his proclamation order- ing the Arnjy of the nation to depart from this Ti rritory ; your militia, called out by his order, attacked the wagon trains carrying food to troops who bore the flag of the nation on their journey, and captured and destroyed them. We do not refer to those incidents with a view of exciting any asperity in this dis- cussion, but to illustrate what we regard as the natural result of the theory of civil government which every Mormon saiicticms. Harmonious relations with any other government are impossible, because the Mormon is either a ruler or a rebel, if his faith is his guide. There are many incidents in the history of this Territory fully sustaining these views, but wo will not recite what needs only to be alluded to to be understood. The irregular and totally unauthorized way in which your call for this convention is issued is itself an illustration of your crude and uurepublic theory of government; without any recent discussion, even through the public press, without an enabling act of Congress, or any law of the local legislature, or any demand from the people, your committee issues a call to its supporters, witii the same apparent assurance of obedience as if your followers were sworn soldiers, marching under the orders of its REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 37 commander. Sncli a violation of all the usages and traditions of American govern- ment, by which the citizen is called upon to act, instead of being consulted as to whether action is advisable, only demonstrates that yonr call is the dictate of a church cabal, which governs its own followers by the claim of "divine right" and those who do not acknowledge its authority by the argument of power. We regard the manner of your call, its disregard of law, its violation of precedent, its unseemly and unexplained haste, as not only an insuperable objection, but as manifesting a want of capacity for civil government and regard for the fundamental idea of repub- lican government, which we cannot, in justice to ourselves, decline to express. We may add to these general observations another. However we may differ other- wise, you must agree with us that in the later Congressional legislation for Utah Congress has intended to limit and restrict the authority of the church of which your committee and followers are members. It is true that by their prominence one or two of the practices of yflur people, challenging attention by their novelty as well as their ' importance, have received most attention ; but it has not escaped you that the way to avoid the laws of the United States, which have recently given you great concern, is to erect a jurisdiction wherein they would not operate. As this state of things has sent into exile your acknowledged head, accused of violation of the national laws, and many of your leading men for like reasons, we can well understand that meas- ures calculated to relieve such persons do not admit of any lengthy formalities being used. Like the writ of habeas corpus, they belong to the category of summary reme- dies, and are liable to betray their origin by the circumstances of their adoption. To speak in perfect sincerity, at a time and under circumstances that compel us to be re- spectful and yet entirely frank, is not this sudden movement for statement the last resort of the leaders of your party to free themselves from the consequences which adherence to their principles have visited upon them personally, without giving any assurance that your system, which brought them into collision with the national au- thority, is to be reformed ? Has this movement originated in a real regard for the welfare of the people of Utah, or is it not a device to free your leaders from the un- fortunate consequences of their personal defiance of the national authority ? Is it to be supposed that the Gentiles, or non-Mormons, if you prefer the term, as we are, would aid in that which would give a theocratic despotism to Utah, under the form of a State government, instead of that reformation of her policy for which many of us have been laboring for long years. Permit us to say, in conclusion, that so long as the Mormon Church shall in num- bers be superior to the non-Mormon population, and shall claim and exercise the power to control through its ecclesiastical authorities its members, and they recognize its authority to exact obedience to such coiinsel, we, as Republicans, as citizens of Utah, as American citizens, shall and will protest against any political power being exercised by them, either in a State or any other form of civil government. Our judgment may seem to others who are not familiar with the circumstances a harsh one, but you will understand our reasons when we say that we oppose placing gov- ernmental authority in Mormon hands because we regard the system as one totally at war with all our recognized ideas of republican government, and incapable of being so reformed as to be made in any degree a depository of impartial governing Jpower. When your Mormon Church shall have abandoned its pretensions as a temporal power, when its people shall render thait obedience to the laws of the land which is yielded by all other citizens of every shade of religious belief, in tine, become sup- porters of the lawful civil government, then we will consider whether Utah, though Mormon in population, may not be safely trusted with Statehood. Certainly for the present we cannot consent to making the experiment. Regretting again that our differences are too radical to admit of co-operation, and hoping that the time may come when we shall recognize a common allegiance to the Government of our country, and that each man's faith in religion may be such as to harmonize with his dnty as a citizen, we are, most respectfully. Your obedient servants, , _ ^ Wm. p. Jambs, Chaitman. William Nelson, Secretari/. M. M. Kaighn, John R. MoBride, Arthur Brown, P. H. Embrson, E. P. Fbrey, Jos. E. Gallighbr, V. M. C. SiLVA, Chris Diehl, Members Territorial Bepublioan Committee. 38 REPOET OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. RKPLY OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC CLUB. Salt Lake City, June 25, 1887. John R. Winder, Chairman of tthe Committee of iJie People's Party : As president of the Democratic club I acknowledge the receipt of your invitation to participate in the constitutional convention to meet pursuant to the call of your committee. The platform of the Democratic club, in addition to a general indorsement of Dem- ocratic principles, declares in favor of a disunion of church and State and respect for and obedience to existing laws. It also declares in favor of statehood for Utah, conditioned upon these principles becoming predominant in the sentimeot of a majority of her people. Less than two years ago your committee and the party you represent, togethfr with its official or- gans, unanimously repudiated these principles and the policy outlined by the plat- form of the Democratic club. Assumingthat you and your party consistently adhere to tne position then, and so recently taken, you can scarcely expect the Democratic Club to co-operate with you in any political matter whatever, much less to secure the admission of Utah into the Union as a State upon the basis of the policy and the princi- ples your party has so far uniformly represented, and which are essentially antago- nistic to the policy and principles of the Democratic club. With thanks for extended courtesies, I remain, respectfully, J. L. RAVf^LlNS, President Democratic Club. It will be observed that the movement for Statehood was inaugurated by the leaders of the Mormon people. Their representatives alone took part in the deliberations of the convention, and that portion of the peo- ple of the Territory only favor and support it. When we remember how recentlj' those people avowedly held and maintained a position which placed them in opposition with the Federal laws, the holding of which in the past had brought them into conflict with the people with whom they lived in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois, and in antagonism with all comers to this Territory not identified with them ; when we recall that a failure to yield that position would have cost them the political con- trol which they have held since the organization of the Territory; that the securing of Statehood will place in their hands and take from Con- gress the power that it has been compelled to exercise, to regulate and control their actions in accordance with the mora-l sense of the country and Christian civilization ; before clothing them with sovereignty should not Congress wait until the action is suited to the word, until their laudable professions have had time to ripen into praiseworthy works, until the conduct of the people and the legislation of the Territory in consonance with their professions are brought into harmony with the general views of the country, and the Territory placed in the advanced position it would have attained' but for the past attitude of those who are now asking the boon of Statehood? In discussing and acting upon matters relative to this Territory, it is too often, the case that it is forgotten that any other than our Mormon fellow-citizens are residents here. I know that it has been earnestly and persistently urged that the non-Mormons of this Territory are a set of political adventurers who, by constant agitation and appeals to religious bigotry and prejudice, have sought to incite the enmity of the country against the majority that they might obtain political power and the opportunity to plunder and rob the Territor.\-. It is not true that the non-Mormons are of the character stated, or that they seek by any means to accomplish the purpose charged. According to their numlaers they will compare fav- orably with,0.ny people in our land, and have, I suppose, fewer political adventurers among them than any portion of the country, the absence of inducement making this necessarily so, as it is a fact easy of ascer- KEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 39 tainment and patent to every observer that since the organization of the Territory, under" past conditions, they have never stood any chance of political preferment. The minority portion of our population have been drawn here by an inviting climate, a rich and attractive country, with a view to the acquiring of wealth and the enjoyment of the com- forts and blessings of life. They number in their ranks members of all the professions, bankers, manufacturers, merchants in all lines of busi- ness, farmers, stock-raisers, miners, mechanics, laborers, and represent- atives of the various industrial pursuits. They have established great business enterprises, acquired much property and wealth, and are in- terested alike with our Mormon population in the peace, prosperity, and happiness of the Territory. It is true they have with great unanimity vigorously opposed the majority in the upholding of and the practice of polygamy, and earnestly combatted the government of the state by the church, maintained the supremacy of the law and the duty of the citizen to obey it, and opposed priestly dictation in secular affairs. I have yet to know or hear of any one of this class who favors the admis- sion now of Utah as a State. The legislation of the last Congress for the benefit of this Territory, having established confidence outside of Utah that the vexed question here would be settled, and the determined effort inaugurated by our business men to push forward the development of the Territory, have already accomplished much good. Capital from abroad has been in- vested in the purchase of real estate in this and other cities of the Ter- ritory, purchasers are still looking and buying, and there is an activity in the real-estate market unknown here for years. From knowledge obtained by communication with investors and those who are familiar with real-estate operations, I have a firm conviction that a well-grounded fear of the admission of Utah as a State would stay our incoming tide of prosperity, and lose us the already enhanced and increasing values of our real estate. It is more than probable that the question of Utah as a political factor in national affairs' will be considered in connection with the ap- plication for its admission as a State. Neither of the great political parties, Democratic or Kepublican, so far as the past history of this people is concerned, can lay claim with any degree of certainty to their support. Their political history in the States is known; also the fact that always in this Territory they have constituted a separate and dis- tinct party, having their own organization independent of the Demo- crats and liepublicans, and that all efforts to draw them from their own into another party have proven signal failures. They elect oflcers from their own numbers, because they are Mormons, without reference to their being either Democratic or Eepublican. ALIEN LAND LAW. I would recommend, in so far as it applies to mines, the repeal of the act entitled " An act to restrict the ownership of real estate in the Ter- ritories to American citizens " passed by the last Congress. In the past we have had the benefit of much foreign capital in the development of our mines, and for successful fuliure development we need the capital that can be obtained from such sources. The legislation that is asked to be repealed has already demonstrated its hurtful character. It is surely greatly to the injury of our Territories and will retard their de- velopment, that the mining interests of the States are more favorably REPORT OF THE GOl^ERNOR OF UTAH TO THE SEORETAUY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 8. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE, 1888. REPORT OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 8 WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1888. 10631 TJT 1 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH, Territory op Utah, Executive Office, Salt Lake City, October 1, 1888. Sir : lu compliance with your request I submit the following report of affairs in this Territory : The census in the year 1880 gave to Utah a population of 143,963. It is now estimated that we have a population of about 210,009, and have an assessed taxable valuation of $46,379,073, an increase of about 11,000,000 over last year. No reports from Emery, Millard, San Pete and Sevier Counties having been received for the present year, their assessed valuation is given at last year's figures. Population and assessed valuation ty counties. Counties. Beaver . I . Box Elder Caolie .Davis Emery ... Garfield . . Iron Juab Kane MiUard ... Morgan . . . Pitrte .... Eich Estimated Assessed pupulatiou. valuation. 5,300 $628, 853 8,480 2,490,652 18, 12» 2, 215, 183 6,610 1,453,038 4,600 1, C02, 477 2,120 264, 053 4,240 416, 532 4,600 960,972 5,300 272, 715 4,505 892, 545 2,120 506, 770 3,180 267, 602 2,120 437, 233 Counties. Salt Lake ... San Juan — San Pete Sevier Summit Tooele Uintali Utah Wasatcli — Washington Weber Estimated population. 49, 950 400 15, 900 5.800 8,420 6,950 2,850 23, 260 3,710 5,300 18, 820 211, 555 Assessed valuation. fl8, 1, 1, 1, 527, 013 338, 703 332, 008 589,543 950, 042 .338, 610 276, 685 295, 532 564, 868 738, 444 619, 100 46, 379, 073 The population as shown by the census of 1880 consisted of 99,969 natives (of whom 80,841 were born in Utah) and of 43,994 foreign born. England, Denmark, Sweden, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Norway, Swit- zerland, Canada, and the German Empire contributed in the order named to the foreign-born population, England furnishing nearly one- half. The foreign population has been increased since 1880 by Mormon im- migration, chiefly English and Scandinavian, as follows : 1881 2,233 18a2 2,693 1883 1.. 2,462 1884 : 1,799 1885 - 1,549 1886 1,544 1887 ,-,-....4 1,027 1888 ;.l,........:.,l.. ^1,419 ' 14,726 ' ," 3. 4 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH, SETTLEMENT OF LANDS. The disposition and settlement of public lands in this Territory and statement of the total business of the land office from the time of its opening in March, 1869, to the end of the last fiscal year, June 30, 1888, is shown in the following table : Number. Acreage. Amount. 3,297 1,460 1,713 2,573 478 8,157 3,8'>1 1,051 6 787 11, 056 856 323,829.26 12, 268. 29 1,413.00 608, 338. 61 8 J, 914. or 10,002,998.44 532,024.85 127,866.96 660. 00 612.05 1, 326, 620. 00 162,720.00 348, 282. 23 23,957.00 13.00 84,912.04 440. 00 80.00 4, 360. 02 $490, 654. 60 Mineral eotry.... 61, 606. OO 15, 580. 00 DoBert appticatioua 129,546.49 Desert final . 80, 914. 07 Homestead entry .«. 128,968.01 21, 654. 95 12,715.00 Timber final 24.00 Adverse claim s Pre-emption filings H.. - 6, 505. 00 33, 168. Oft 2, 568. 00 Central and Union Pacific sections 4, 273. 40 615. OO Soldiers' and sailors' scrip 27.00 2, 232. 00 ' "Valentine scrip ' 11. OO 2.0O Timber sold 127. 08 12, 632. 59 Testimony fees 5, 689. 56 7, 510, 678. 33 139, 482. 02 Stumpage 2, 788. 72 Total 20,392,968.14 1, 151, 783. 39 Total number of acres surveyed in Utab to Jane 30, 1888, 12,080,441.81. COMMERCE OP UTAH. The past year has been one of progress and prosperity for the Ter- ritory. The organization of the business men in our chief cities, regardless of religious or political opinions, for the conservation of their interests and the material development of the Territory, has been productive of much good in the creation of new and inspiring of additional vigor and life into old enterprises. Movements inaugurated and carried forward by these associations for the spread of information as to the advantages and resources of the Territory have met with gratifying success, induc- ing the incoming of many desirable citizens and much new capital. Especially notable is the advance made in the cities of Salt Lake and Ogden, where building has been and is going forward, giving steady and constant employment both to common and skilled labor at remun- erative wages. There has been a healthy activity and steady growth of the commerce and trade of the Territory. The railroad traffic, both passenger and freight, shows an increase of at least 25 per cent, over last year. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. My last annual report to the Department, to which I refer, entered fully into details as to our varied industries and interests. 1 note with pleasure that our manufacturing intei-ests continue pros- perous — old establishments holding their own and new enterprises being inaugurated. EEPOKT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 5 FARM, GARDEN, AND ORCHARD. Owing to the unusual light rain-fall during the season dry farming has not been a success. Irrigated lands have produced very large crops of fine quality. Our production for the season from farm, garden, and orchard is estimated as follows : "Wheat bushels.. 3,000,000 Oats do 1,500,000 Barley do 750,000 %e do.... 50,000 Corn do 750,000 P'nms do.... 50,000 Peaches (less the present year than usual) do 150,000 Pears do.... 75,000 Apples (unusually large aud fine crop) probable surplus do 200,000 Lucerae hay tons.. 500,000 Luceraeseed ..pounds.. 1, 500,000 Potatoes , do.... 60,000,000 CATTLE, SHEEP, AND WOOL,. ^Jfotwithstanding the severe winter, cattle throughout the Territory did well, except upon the line of the Central Pacific road, where con- siderable losses occurred by I'eason of short pasturage. Quite an un- usual percentage of sheep was lost in the northern part of the Territory, and it is estimated that the loss, averaging the whole Territory, was double what it has been in sixteen years, reaching fully 8 per cent. The wool clip is estimated at 10,000,000 pounds, which brought an average price of 13 cents. MINES AND MINING. As presenting au interesting review of our districts and business, I herewith present an exhaustive article prepared by Col. O. J. Hollister, of this city. Mining for the precious metals began about twenty-five years ago, but not much was done until after the completion of the first Pacific railroad. This gave our ores and bullion a market, and from 1871 to 1887, both inclusive, the total output theexposure is to the south, and the ground is comparatively dry. Tlie Brooklyn, the Yosemite, the Yosemite No. 2, the Miner's Dream, the Wasatch, and the Lead mines are on this part of the great ledge or zone. ' The Brooklyn comprises several locations adjoiuiug the old Telegraph on thenorth- >east. The hoisting works and concentrating mill are in the Yosemite Gulch, 300 or 10 REPOET OF THE GOVEENOR OF UTAH. 400 feet lower tban the divide between it and Bear Gulch The main i°ol>?« '^ °° the Quartzite foot-wall, and pitches northwesterly at an angle o"5 degrees. IJiirteeu levels have been opened along the foot-wall, aggregating in length about 3 miles. The ore makes in pipes and chimneys 100 to 150 feet ^1°^? tl^^ '=''"7 ° Jf h Sht and.from 2 to 12 and -^0 feet thicli. These chimneys or pipes go down ^ij* shg" change on the whole either in dimensions or character of contents. Ihe ores are ga- lena, carbonates, and sulphates, 60 per cent, requiring concentration to bring it to a. shipping grade, to wit, 10 ounces silver and 50 per cent. lead. Concentration is by jigs and tibles and costs 75 cents to $1 per ton. Three hundred to five hundred tons are shipped per month by the Brooklyn, and have been the past ^ur years. The vein is regular and well defined on the foot-wall side. The hanging wall, a lime shale, is much less easily located, and is believed to be 400 or 500 feet from the foot-wall. The formation is complicated by the existence of the Yosemite, comprising several locations, on a vein very like the Brooklyn, parallel, pitching perhaps 20 per cent. less, and 400 to 500 feet toward the hanging country, on which the workings are ex- tensive both in depth and lineally, although less extensive than the workings ot the Brooklyn. The Yosemite is reputed to have produced a milhon and a halt. Ihe works are in Yosemite Gulch, the concentrating mill 3 miles below, m Butterheld CaBon. The ground rises each way from Yosemite Gulch, and a great deal ot it is still unexploited. Water was struck in the working incline on the sixth level, and the ore became pyritous, but down near the eighth level it is changing to galena carrying Iti ounces and upward of silver. The Brooklyn also struck water m one of its ore pi pes on the twelfth level, but the lean iron pyrites which came in thereupon is giving place to galena between the thirteenth and fourteenth levels. In Copper Gulch, half a mile farther east, and 200 or 300 feet lower, these two veins are worked as the Lead and the Yosemite No. 2, and as the Wasatch and the Miner s Dream, respectively. They present the same characteristics and yield the same kind and quality of ores as the Yosemite and Brooklyn. A tramway 4 or 5 miles long, belonging to the Lead, conveys the ores by gravity to the Lead concentrating mill on the Denver and Eio Grande Railway, in Lower Bingham. The workings of the Lead are 700 feet deep at present, with the exception of the Brooklyn workings, the deep- est in the district. That at this depth they have a larger and better body of ore than ever is encouraging for the whole district. The Lead shipped at the rate of 300 or 400 tons per morith the past year, and could largely increase this rate of output if it were desirable. The Wasatch and Miner's Dream are opened by incline to a depth of 600 feet, the Yosemite No. 2 by adit and incline from the adit. Although^ shipping some ore they are not regarded as having really reached as yet the producing stage. West of the Brooklyn and the Yosemite, in the old Telegraph, in Bear Gulch, where the exposure is to the northward, these two veins, if such they are, seem to have be- come one. The clean marketable ore on the property, which is a consolidation of twenty-one locations, reached in places a depth of nearly 200 feet, and the lean iron pyrites, upon which the oxidized ores bottomed, at the level of the bed of the gulch — here and above the trufe water level — is estimated at 3,009,000 to 5,000,000 tons. Out of the ridges bordering Bear Gulch 60,000 to 70,000 tons of oxidized ores, which sold for |1, 500,000, were taken. Still west of the old Telegraph, in the Spanish, the min- eralized zone is 600 feet wide, the ore making in pipes and kidneys of all shapes and dimensions, but with a certain regularity of strike and dip. On the surface there was a vast body of oxidized ores. The Jordan lies next west. At its intersection with the South Galena the oxidized ores of the surface worked out a hundred thousand tons, worth two million, and there now lies in the same vicinity a million tons of $20 quartz, in which gold and silver are so combined that no way has yet been found to work it without a loss of most of one or the other metal. Four hundred thousand tons of similar material, bearing $8 and upwards per ton in gold and about the same in silver, constitute a hillside above the bed of Carr Fork on the Stewart property, half or, three-fourths of a mile north of the Jordan, believed by competent geologists to be part of the same deposit. On all this upper part of the mineral belt the suow-fall is heavy, it melts slowly, sinking instead of running off, and the ground appears to be full of water clear up to the sur- face drainage. At all events the surface drainage is the line of division between oxi- dized and base ores. The Jordan, the Spanish, and the old Telegraph were para- lyzed by the exhaustion of their oxidized ores, but as methods have improved work has been resumed, and their output is yearly increasing, shipments comprising rem- nants of surface Carbonates, generally requiring concentration, and jialeiia more or less mixed with iron pyrites, which has to be roasted and in much of it the pyrites dressed out. All these mines have concentrating mills, in which, by a careful adjust- ment of jigs, screens, and tables, determined or regulated by experimenting, galena and iron pyrites are obtained as separate products, cheaply and withont great loss. The latter genesally carries a fair proportion of the silver aud has a value as fluxing ■ material. As has been stated, the deepest workings in the Brooklyn and the Yosemite seem to REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 11 indicate that the pyritous zone is less than 200 feet thick, galena predominating he- low, a galena t-wiceas rich in matter as the surface carhonates and sulphates. If tliis- prove true it will lead to deeper workings on the upper part of the point, where the ores appear to he in practically nnliuiited quantity. But if the pyrites persist to ga deep the future of the district must mainly depend upon the utilization, in some man- ner, of low-grade pyritous ores. To accomplish this, cheap and perlect ore dressing, saving of all of the valuable contents, cheaper tiansportation, cheaper fuel, and cheaper labor than are available at present are indispensable conditions. There are many productive and valuable mines in the district aside from those mentioned, not on or even near the principal ore channel. Such are the Lucky Boy, the Silver Shield, the Live Pine, the Last Chance, the Nast, the Saturn, the Aladdin, the Alameda, the Dixon, the Winamuck, and ten times as many more. They seem, in general, to be improving both in product and promise. None of them have been explored to any depth below water-level. Most of them are worked by lessees, depending upon the product for development and even for plant, and ar& necessarily worked with the greatest care and economy. Could this district — and this is equally true of all our mining districts — command means by assessment to outfit and open the mines systematically, as the Comstock mines could and did for twenty years, Utah mining would enter upon a new era, and our output would be doubled twice over. Miners' wages in Bingham are $2.50 to $3.50 per day. Lumber costs |26 per M, round timber 10 cents per running foot, coal |!10 a ton. Salt Lake County's total output of ore for 1887 was 30,384 tons. Tooele County. — Shipments of ore from Tooele County for 1887, inclusive of about 130 tons run through thePascoe smelter and 450 tons from the Bolter Springs Station on the Salt Lake and Western Railway, were 7,850 tons. The mineral belt at Stock- ton strikes southerly along the foot-hills of the western slope of the Oqulrrh range, a little diagonally with the range itself, throwing it up toward the summit further south, as at Dry Canon, Ophir, and east of Bolter Springs Station. The belt is a mil© or more in width. There are two systems of veins at Stockton, one striking east and west, in which the main ore bodies make, the other north and south, thinner, less persistent, and apparently feeders. The formation is quar*zite and lime, underlaid by syenite. Granitic porphyry dikes cross and disturb the veins. The gangue is oxide of iron, quartz, spath, and clay. The ore is galena and carbonates, free from base metals and very desirable as a flux for drier ores. The ore makes in will-defined pipes, or chimneys, of which there may be iive or six in the course of 1,000 linear feet. The water-level is 700 or 800 feet below the surface. None of the mines appear to have gone below it, there being no necessity for it as yet. At present the Honerine is the leading mine. A description of the Hoperine will give a fair idea of mining in the district. It is held to be a bedded vein in mag- nesian limestone, crossed by dikes of porphyry and a series of fine fissure veins. It is equipped with steam hoist, and is opened to the water-level, about 800 feet, by working inclines and levels 100 feet apart. Only 3 per cent, of the ore is shipped as miped, which runs 64 per cent, lead and 34 ounces silver per ton, with a little gold ; 97 tons out of 100 are run through jigs at a cost of $1 per ton, and dressed down to 26 tons of concentrates, which contain 53 per cent, lead, 23 ounces silver, and $1 in gold. The mine has 20,000 tons in reserve, and a promise of ten times as much more in new ground being opened by a tnnnel 3,000 feet in length; thirty-seven men are employed, at a per diem wage of $2.50 to $3. Lumber costs $28 per thousand, round timber 5 cents per running foot, aud wood from $4 to $5.50 per cord. Shipments from the Honerine have run between 300 and 400 tons per- month the past four years, and, . dividends amounting to $125,000 have been paid, $37,500 of which was declared in 1887. Several incorporated companies and sundry individual miners are working and de- veloping more or leas promising properties, and the business and its returns are stead- ily Increasing. There is a smelter on Rush Lake, 2 miles from the mines, for some years idle, recently rejuvenated and getting into operation again. One reaches the district via the Utah and Nevada Railway, which turns the Oquirrh range on the shore of Great Salt Lake. The railway terminates on the north side of a sharp ridge which is thrown clear across the valley about 10 miles south of Great Salt Lake. At Dry CaOon and Ophir there is new and increasing life and activity. The Gem, at Ophir, is being opened by incline aud tunnel to a depth of 700 feet. The ledge is a contact between lime-stone and slate shale about 12 feet thick, fed by a series of stringers coming in from the foot-wall country. The ore makes in pipes, and can be selected to a very high grade. The Consolidated Mining Company are opening the Grayrook and Antelope by shaft and tunnel to a depth of 600 feet. They have large bodies of ore ready for stoping, much of which requires concentrating to bring it to a shipping grade. The Brim brothers and others are taking out ore in a small way on Lion Hill. These dis- tricts were very lively fifteen years ago, but were abandoned for fields which ap- peared to oflijr greater inducements as soon as the surface had been skimmed. Im- 12 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. provement in methods, processes, and appliances since that time, giving value to ore then worthless, is fast recallinfr attention to this section. It is very convenient to market, and vcill certainly be the scene of increasing activity in the future. JNew mines are being opened a few miles northeast of Bolter Springs Station, on the fealt Lake and Western Railway, about 12 miles north of Eureka. An adit at one place discloses a ledge of 33 per cent, lead ore more than 20 feet wide. Ihe outcrop ot tne ledge is iron ore. The ore carries but little silver, although it improves in that re- spect with depth, and there is here the promise of a new district. Mining on the slopes of the Oquirrh from Stockton and Bingham to Tintic is in a healthy state, the area is broadening, more money is being expended in improvements, and the output increases in quality as well as in quantity from year to year. , ■ ii, Washington County.— The zone of silver-bearing sandstone which crops out in the Silver Reef in Washington County is from 10 to 100 feet thick; it conforins to the etratifioation, dips 15 or 20 degrees from the horizontal, is overlaid by clay shale and red sandstone and underlaid by white sandstone. Within this zone the pay rock oc- curs in well-marked bodies or shoots, usually small in dimensions, but sometimes ex- tending from 60 to 200 feet on the strike, and from 100 to 300 feet on the dip of the formation. These bodies or shoots mav be separated by barren ground ; oftener they are connected bv irregular stringers of pay-rock. With the exception of where it is associated with" the silioified remains of organic matter— reeds, rushes, trunks, and limbs of trees— the pav-rock is plain sandstone, undistinguishable by the eye from the ordinary material o'f the reef. The silver is mainly in the form of chloride, and the rock contains on the average 20 ounces per ton, 80 per cent, of which is obtained by wet crushing and pan amalgamation with salt and bluestone. It is easily crushed, a 5-stamp mill reducing 30 to 40 tons in twenty-four hours. Total cost of mining and milling is less than $1^ a ton, perhaps as low as f 13 per ton ; the Christy and the Stormont companies, which divide between them the best of the ground so far as known, have, with 15 stamps and pans in proportion, taken out 5,000,000 ounces of fine silver in the past ten years. The Stormont closed its mill about the Ist of Jan- uary, 1887, and in July suspended operations. The mill is now leased and run on cus- tom ores. The Stoi-mbiit workings have not penetrated so far in depth as the Christy workings, which are both north and south of the Stormont on the sati e zone. The stormont property, so fertile above, can therefore hardly be exhausted. With 1887 'the Christy completed an almost continuous run often years. Its property is worked the deepest of any in the district, and shows no signs of exhaustion. The company mines and mills 10,000 to 12,000 tons of rock each year. The output of the district for 18^7 was 221,728 ounces of fine silver, most of which was the product of the •Christy mill. TOTAL ORE PRODUCT FOR 1887. The total output for the year by counties is as follows, to wit : Tons. Beaver County 5,369 Juab County 22,900 Summit County. 70,663 Salt Lake County 30,384 Tooele Couuty 7,850 Washington County ., 12,000 Total ' 149,166 This is exclusive of about 10,500 tons of Tintic iron ore. As near as can be made out this ore was reduced as follows ; Tons. Ontario and Daly mills 50,000 Christy mill 12,000 Northern Spy mill 900 Salt Lake smelters 65,500 Total 128,400 .The remainder, 20,766 tons, was shipped out of the Territory for reduction, and this does not sura up all that was so shipped into 7,805 tons, since there where shipped abroad 28,571 tons. The 7,805 tons must probably be added to the product of the counties, as above stated, making the total ore product 156,971 tons. DIVIDENDS. Dividends paid in 1887 amount to $l,257,f00, to wit: Ontario, $900,000; Dalv, ^$300,000; Honeriue, $37,500; Mammoth, $20,000. The profits of mines worked by REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 13 individuals or close corporations and of smelters connected with foreign corporations I^^IV^ ao^x'S^n"^ "f. ascerfcajning. The New York Engineering and Mining Journal reports 125,000 in dividends paid by the Brooklyn in 1887, which, if true, must be> added to the, above. " > i t COST OF KXTRACTION AND REDUCTION. Cost of mining and reduction varies greatly with circumstances. At the Ontan'a It IS somethmg less thau $30 per ton; at tlie Daly it is given at |26; at the Horn, fjuver in 1883-'84 it was about $26. These figures include all cost for the year, main- tenance ot plant, dead work, incidental expenses, but not', of course, original cost of plant and opening of the mine. At Silver Reef cost of mining and milling is $13 to- I- ■ "^* . If 9'^^^"™' ^^<^ past year the ores are charged $19 per ton for shipping ores, 90 ot which IS on account of concentration. The mass of low-grade ores— probably tnree-fourths of them— require concentration. Many of them have to be roasted, the lumps in out-door heaps, the tiue in re'verberatory or revolving roasters. To the cnarge against the Crescent ores must be added $10 or $13 per ton for transportation to smelters and smelting. The figures given are the cost figures of mines varying widely as to location, natural conditions, as dimensions of vein or ore bodies, water,! distance from market, etc., grade and nature of ores, appliances and processes of re- Uuotioo. But doubtless $30 per ton amply covers cost of extraction and reductioa ot all Utah ores. SAMPLING. There are ten sampling mills in the Territory; one at the Horn Silver, one in Mr. Campbell s mill at Milford, two at Park City, four at Sandy and vicinity, two in Salt Lake City. Together they sampled the past year about 87,000 tons of ore. Ordi- narily ouly the fifth or tenth ijack of a lot of ore is sampled, and the cost is $1 per ton for the whole of it. Where the whole is sampled the charge is $4 a ton. The sampler crushes the ore to the size of pease, thoroughly mixes, and sends sealed pack- ages to the assayers, upon whose certificates it is bought and sold. SMELTING. In (he Jordan Valley, 6 to 12 miles south of Salt Lake City, on the railroads, are- the Utah smelters, four or five different concerns, comprising, about a dozen staclis. Those in blast at present are the Germania, three stacks, three revolving roaster^, and one large reverberatory ; the Hanauer, three stacks, with crushiog and roasting faoilties, run by water power; the Mingo, four stacks and five reverberatories, the three plants being valued at $400,000. Together they ruu six or seven stacks pretty steadily, employing about 270 men at an average wageof $65 each per month. During the past year they smelted 65,500 tons of silver-lead ores and 34,000 tons of fluxing materials, consuming 27,000 tons of fuel, and running out 13,500 tons of lead bullion, worth, in Salt Lake — lead, an average for the year of $50 a ton, and silver 94 cents an ounce, $178 per ton — $2,403,000. The items of cost wtire : ' Article. Tons. Cost per ton. Total value. Iron ore i Limestone Scrap-iron Colorado coke Charcoal Coal Coal-slaok Wood (cords) Labor, 270 hands, $65 per month. g,513 24, 960 60 15, 728 1,680 7,663 1,374 800 Total $4.50 1.75 6.00 13.00 13.00 5.00 3 00 4.00 $42, 809 43, 608 360' 204, 464 21, 840 37, 815 4,122 3,200 212, 521 570, 739. About $8.70 per ton of ore srrielted $5.70 per ton of all the material smelted. If their purchase of ores run with their reduction— they paid for silver ores $1,768,500— they paid an average of $27 a ton, and realized about $37 a ton, $10 for the lead and $27 for the silver. Salt Lake prices. Their outlay for ores, fluxing materials, fuel and labor sums up $2,339,239, leaving a profit of $6,761 in cash, besides a possible increase of stock atid something considerable in furnace matte. The total transportation in connection with their business may be fairly estimated as 140,000 tons an average distance of 300 miles. 14 EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. CONCLUSION. Miniug ill Utah appears to be in a healthy and growing condition. The southern 'mines are not as productive as formerly, just at present, but the northern districts are more productive. Worliis beingresumed in somedistricts once practically aDanaonea. Mines are being discovered and opened outside of organized districts, and new rail- roads projected to give our western mines an outlet. More money than tormerly is being expended in prospecting and development. From the strength ot prices o± metals an increase in the value of our output may reasonably be expected, at the same time that its increase in amount is certain. Our mining field offers solid ladncements to skill and enterprise backed by money. With these there can be no doubt that our mineral output might be doubled within two or three years. The mineral product of the Territory for thie calendar year of 1887, •carefully prepared from reliable sources by Mr. J. E. Dooley, manager of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s bank of Salt Lake City, is herewith, given. Copper. Lead refined. Lead unrefined. Silver in bars. Silver in bullion and ores. Gold in bars. Gold in bullion and ores. -Germania Lead Works . Pounds, 302, 800 Pounds. 2, 500, 000 Pounds. 7, 215, 616 12,064,000 5, 215, 310 1, 665, 600 4, 029, 200 Ounces. 110, 815 Ounces. 420, 067 843, 437 278, 265 292, 422 913,200 Ounces. 222 ""'451" Ounces. 2,571 2,050 Mingo S'urnace Com- ■"7131337' 1, 055; 468 221, 728 11, 116 993 331 ■Ontario Silver Mining 927 Other mines and placers 167 "Net product bars and 302, 800 2, 600, 000 30, 089, 726 13, 941, 950 1, 647, 285 2,112,461 2, 747, 391 1, 091, 596 210, 286 073 7,039 3,079 Contents ore and matte 2, 188, 520 596 ■ Totals 2, 491, 320 2, 500, 000 45, 678, 961 2, 1.12, 464 4, 049, 273 673 10, 714 EEC APITUL A.TI0N. Quantity. Value. 'Copper, at 5 cents per pound pounds.. Kenned lead, at 4.47 cents per pound do... "Unrefined lead, at $52.40 per ton do. . . Fine silver, at $0.97 per ounce ounces.. T'inegold, at $20 per ounce do... 2, 491, 320 2, 500, 000 45, 678, 961 6, 161, 737 11, 387 $124, 666. 00 111, 750. 00 1, 196, 788. 77 6, 976, 884. 89 227, 740. 00 Total export value. 7, 637, 729. 66 Computing the gold and silver at their mint valuation, and other metals at their value at the seaboard, it would increase the value of the product to $10,604,631. •Comparative stalement showing the quantity of silver and gold oontained in base iullion and ores produced in Utah. Tear. Total sil- ver pro- duced. Total gold produced. Silver in ores and base bull- ion. Gold in ores and base bullion. Percent, of total silver product. Percent, of total gold product. 1877 Ounces. 4, 359, 703 4, 357, 328 3, 835, 047 3, 783, 666 5,400,101 5,436,444 4, 531, 763 5, 669, 488 5.972,689 5,918,842 6, 161, 737 Ounces. 17, 325 15, 040 15. 932 8,020 7,958 9,039 6,991 .5, 530 8,903 10, 677 11, 387 Ounces. 2, 102, 098 2, 108, 339 1, 797, 689 1, 403, 819 2, 643, 899 2, 581, 789 2, 351, 190 3, 253, 984 3, 189, 676 2, 838, 263 4, 049, 273 Ounces. 11, 035 10, 165 5,693 2,878 2, 622 5,016 5, .597 3,806 7,289 8,369 10, 714 48.2 48.3 46.8 37.1 48.9 47.3 51.8 57.4 53.4 47.9 65.7 63.6 67.5 35.7 35.8 32.9 55.6 80 88.8 81.8 79.1 94 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 3887 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 15 Comparative siatementof the value of lead iiilUon, ineliiding silver and gold necessarily produced in its manufacture, west of the Missouri Biver. ICompiled from the annual reports iasnecl by Jolin J. Valentine, vice-president and general manager. Wells, Fargo & Co., San f rauoisco.l Tear. Total value of precious met- als, including lead. Total value of lead bullion in- cluding goldand silver contents. Per cent, of entire product. 1878 $81, 154, 622 75, 349, 601 80, 167, 936 84, 504, 4,17 93,411,835 90,313,613 81,975,954 90,181,260 103, Oil, 761 $14,740,581 19, 234, 394 28, 114, 564 30, 2=3, 430 36,798,760 34, 810, 022 31,191,250 35, 731, 711 44, 635, 655 18.1 25.5 35 35. g 38.7 38.5 36.7 39.6 43.3 1879 1880 1881 1883 1883 1884 1885 1886 The above statement shows a marked annual increase in the percentage of precions metals produced in the manufacture of base bullion. It demonstrates conclusively, that the process of smelting is in the ascendant for the reduction of ores, and that any legislation having for its object the repeal of the present tariff on lead, or the placing of lead ores or products on the free list, or other causes tending to decrease or dis- courage the production of lead, will produce a corresponding decrease in the gold and silver production west of the Mississippi. EAILKOADS. The railroad system of Utah as givea in my last report was as fol- lows : • Total lengtb^Ogden to Silver Bow, 410 miles. From— To— Miles of line. Head. 1. It 1^ o CO 1 Union Pacific: * "Wyoming line .. Frisco Silver City Park City 73 280 57 31 Utah Central . do Lehi .'". ^. lEcbo and Park City Echo 37 76 Park City 27 Total Union Pacific 441 140 Denver and E-io Grande "Western : Main line in Utah • 310A Eingbam Junction 1«" Alta is-A Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Junction. 17A 6,',, 368 Western. Nevada line 157 Kephi 34 598 .542 To which must be added the mileage of two new local roads of impor- tance, the Salt Lake and Port Douglas and the Salt Lake and Eastern. 16 EEPOET OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. At present the mileage of the Salt Lake and Fort Douglas Eailway, including switches, side tracks, and spurs, is about 20 miles ; in course of construction, 2 miles; contemplated extensions, 4 miles. Construc- tion on the Salt Lake and Eastern has but recently begun. Its mileage is about 8 miles ; in course of construction, 24 miles ; contemplated ex- tension, 30 miles. ■ a 4.u t Of these two comparatively new roads it may be truthfully said that they are destined to be, and now are, two of the most important factors in marking a ne"w era in the commercial growth both of Salt Lake and Summit Counties. The Salt Lake and Eastern fills a long- felt want in furnishing a direct line between this valley and the country east. Park City is a natural ally of Salt Lake. Geographically she is more favorably located to Salt Lake than to any of the other larger towns of the Territory. But this is by no means all. Her base of supplies is here. She is depend- ent upon thi§ and Weber Valleys for ber vast supply of salt for refinal and milling purposes. Her merchandise, her flour, her fruits and veg- etables are, in large part, shipped from here. Add to this the fact that the two counties are closely drawn together, it is but proper to state that this new and direct alliance by rail of the capital city and the Territory's most important mining camp is a most opportune and necessary step. The only wonder is that enterprise has not given it an earlier recog- nition, as this step has certainly been feasible for a number of years. The Salt Lake and Port Douglas is important in the sense of help- ing to develop the country in that it is opening up the vast sandstone quarries east of the city and in furnishing an easy and expeditious transit from the suburban districts and military posts into tHe city. THE INDIANS OF UTAH. Being without reports from the agencies Ipcated in this Territory, it is difficult to give more than a general treatment of this subject. I be- lieve there are some 2,000 to 2,200 Indians in Utah altogether, the greater number of whom are at the Uintah and Ouray Agencies on the eastern boundary of the Territory. The remainder exist partly in rov- ing bands and partly in the settlements they have made for themselves at diflerent places. There are three such communities where the In- dians, by abjuring their tribal relations, have taken up the lands per- mitted them by law and have done much to improve thein and their own condition. These Indian towns are at Deep Creek, Thistle Valley, and at Washakie, near Bear Eiver. At the latter place they have a school, store, decent houses, and some comforts. The roving bands acknowl- edge some one or other of the well-known chiefs; those in the northern .part of the Territory being chiefly Shoshones, and those to the south Piutes. There is not the slightest sign of hostility on the part of the Indians away from the reservations, those who rove being unambitious and without spirit, while as to those who gather in their faiming vil- lages all their paths are peace. LAEOE SUPPLY AND WAGES. The past year has been an active and busy one throughout the Terri- tory. Extensive building has been going on in Salt Lake and Ogden cities, while in the other cities and towns healthy growth and improve- REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 17 luenfcs are marked. Labor has been in demand and fully employed, com- manding wages as follows: Wages. Hemarks. Carpenters perday.. Joiners do Wood-working machinists do Wood-tamers do Steam-fitters and pinihbers do Masons and brick- layers do Engineers (stationary) do Stone-cutters do Blacksmiths and shoers : In town '. do In camp do FlastereiB do Slaughterers per month.. Tailors per week.. Bakers per month.. Minors per day.. Laborers do Masons' tenders do Farm hands per month.. Cattle and sheep herders do Cigar-makers per week,. Painters perday.. $3. 50 3. SO to 4. 50 3.50 3.50 4. 00 to 1.50 4. 00 to 4. 50 3.00 4. 00 to 4. 50 3. 00 to 3. 50 . 4.00 3. 00 to 3. 50 60. 00 to 90. 00 15. 00 to 20. 00 45. 00 to 50. 00 3. 50 to 4. 00 1. 75 to 2. 00 2.00 30.00 30. 00 to 40. 00 20. 00 to 35. 00 3. 00 to 4. 00 In strong demand; could employ more. Do. Scarce. Do. Do. Stiff; fully employed in good weather. In good demand. In good supply ; no surplus. Do. Fully employed. All employed ; no surplus. Scarce. "Well employed. Fully employed. Do. "With board. In good demand. Frequently scarce. EDUCATION. The commissioner of schools of the Territory, appointed under section 25 of "An act to amend an act entitled 'An ajt to amend section 5352 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, in reference to bigamy, and for other purposes,'" is now collecting information for his annual report in conformity with that law, and so soon as the same can be com- pleted it will be sent to the Department. SCHOOL LANDS. The full complement of lands (two townships) granted by the Gov- ernment for university purposes have been located, as required by law, in the counties of Cache, Juab, Pijite, San Pete, Salt Lake, Sevier, Tooele, and Utah. These lands are without water right, and for this reason are of comparatively little value, most of our farming depending upon irrigation, and their "future value will depend in a great measure upon the adoption of an improved system of storing water, or the sink- ing of artesian wells. It would seem, considering the value of these lands, that Congress should supplement its gift and make additional grants for university purposes. pub;:.ic buildings. Old capital building. —I renew my former recommendation for the sale of the Government property at Fillmore, in Millard County, Utah, as it is no longer used for Government purposes. Pmitentiary.~A new building, containing cells, kitchen, bakery, din- ing-hall, etc., has been completed by the expenditure of the $50,000 heretofore appropriated for the penitentiary, very much to the relief and improvement of that institution. The necessity is great for the further appropriation of $100,000, now pending before Congress, as the cells are taxed to double their capacity. A new wall around the build- ing is a necessity, and the present accommodations for the warden and 10631 UT 2 18 REPORT OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. the guards are -wholly insufficient, consisting of an old building which was characterized by the last grand jury as " being unsafe and totally unfit for human habitation." Government building at Salt Lake City.— The action of the Senate and House of Eepresputatives looking to a suitable appropriation for Ihe erection of a Government building in Salt Lake City is a step in the direction of supplying a long-felt want. Such an appropriation will be an economic expenditure of the public money, and will aid and supple- ment the movements now being made by our whole people to add to our population and increase our prosperity. Industrial Home.— The " Industrial Christian Home Association of Utah" has expended the sum of $10,500 out of the $40,000 appropriated in its behalf in the purchase of a site in Salt Lake City, and have con- tracted for a building to cost something over $20,000, which is no\i' in pirocess of construction. Deseret University. — An appropriation of $85,451 was made at the last session of the legislative assembly in a,id of the university, to en- able it to discharge its obligations incurred in the erection of its build- ing and to complete the same. Deaf-mute Institute.— Ajn act establishing a Deaf-mute Institute in connection with the Deseret University was passed by the last legisla- tive assembly and approved by the governor and an appropriation of $20,000 made to erect a building. Exposition. — Thecityof Salt Lake,inacommunication made to the legis- lative assembly, tendered to the Territory 10 acres of ground within the city limits, for exposition and fair ground purposes. The generous gift was accepted by the Territory and $20,000 appropriated to erect perma- nent buildings. The board of directors of the fair associ ation , with com- mendable promptness and energy, commenced the erection of a commo- dious building, and have just closed a highly creditable and successful exposition. Reform School. — An appropriation was also made by the legislature of the sum of $75,000, and. provision made for the establishment of a re- form school for the correction of juvenile offenders, to be located in Weber County. The citizens of Ogden, the county seat of Weber County, with praiseworthy generosity donated a valuable tract of 35 acres as a site for the school, the land being within the limits of the city, and work has begun upon the buildings. Agricultural College. — To enable the Territory to avail itself of the bounty of the General Government in the encouragement of agriculture and obtain the benefits which will come from an educational institution devoted to the interests of agriculture, an act was passed providing for the establishment and location of an agricultural college in Cache County, and $25,000 was appropriated to ^rect the necessary buildings. It is promised and expected that Cache County will not be behind Salt Lake and Weber Counties in a generous encouragement of public in- stitutions, and that the county will provide and donate a farm for the college. Capitol grounds and building. — A most commanding and beautiful site of 20 acres, situated iu the northern part of Salt Lake City, was tendered to the Territory by the city, upon which to erect capitol build- ings. The site overlooks the city and valley. The gift was accepted, a board of capitol commissioners appointed, and $25,000 appropriated for the improvement of the grounds and for the procuring of plans and specifications of the buildings to be erected, the plans and specifica- tions to be submitted to the next legislative assembly. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 19 ■ Asylum for the Insane.— At an expenditure of $125,000, lands and buildings have been provided at Provo, in Utah County, for the care and treatment of the insane. The present buildings provide accommodations lor about ninety patients, and the institution Is well and capably man- aged. TEERITOKIAL BONDS. To meet the appropriations made for educational and charitable in- stitutions, the Territory for the first time in its history provided for the making of a loan, and authorized the issuing of one hundred and fifty IjOOO-dollar bonds, bearing interest at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum, payable in twenty years, but redeemable at any time after ten years. The whole of the issue was taken by Mr. J. E. Dooley, of this city, manager of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s bank at a small premium. THE SITUATION AND UTAH STATEHOOD. It is with much satisfaction that I am enabled to state that marked and decided changes for the benefit and advancement of the people and the prosperity of the Territory have taken place. To some extent there has been a bridging of the chasm that has separated the Mormon and non-Mormon people since the settlement of this Territory.. The Mormon people in some measure have relaxed the old rule of rigorous exclusiveness, which has heretofore kept them separate and entirely apart from their non-Mormon fellow-citizens. They have exhibited a spirit of liberality and enterprise in appropriating moneys for needed charitable and educational institutions. Without having the control, they have united with non-Mormons in public organizations for tbe pro- tection of and increase of trade ; they have united with them also in the celebration of the national anniversary upon the last two occasions of its observance ; and they have united with chem also for the advertising of our advantages and resources as a means of securing new population and capital for their development. They have, where the power has been in their hands, while retaining control, liberalized the municipal government of this city by giving representation therein to the non-Mormons. They have done likewise in the boards controlling the Asylum for the Insane, the Deseret Uni- versity, the Eeform School, the Agricultural College, and the Territo- rial fair ; the last legislative assembly enacted liberal laws for cities^ enabling them to make loans and issue bonds for sewerage and the obtaining of additional supplies of water. They have provided also for election of aldermen and councilmen by wards in cities. Itis proper to remark that all of the changes noted have occurred since the enactment of the law of Congress of 1887, and taking of the oath prescribed by said law by the Mormon people, and the inauguration by them of the movement to secure the admission of the Territory as a State. It can scarcely be doubted that the impelling inducement mov- ing the Mormon leaders to the better and more liberal policy above in- dicated, and the object they seek to attain is the admission of Utah as a State. Manv well-meaning, honest, and upright non-Mormon citizens, fearing the accomplishment of such purpose, and thereby the intrench- ing behind the barriers of statehood of the power that has so long domi- nated here, have withheld their encouragement from these laudable movements. There can benofair, unprejudiced, and candid person. Mormon or non- Mormon, but must see and acknowledge the benefits that have already 20 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. accrued to the general public by a departure from the old ways. Nor should they fail to perceive the good that the future holds in. store tor our faithful adherence to our new and wiser course. I have not been of those who feared bad results from good and meritorious actions. Every movement of merit, whatsoever the motive prompting, and from what- soever source emanating, has received from me hearty encouragement and earnest support. Yet I am most firmly convinced that there is an irreconcilable polit- ical difference, fundamental in character, between the Mormon system and the government established by the United States, and that of ne- cessity an irrepressible conflict will wage until it is settled. I believe it wise, too, and for the best interests of the whole community that that difference should never be lost sight of or concealed from public notice ; and that at all suitable times, and upon every proper occasion, efforts should be made to its rightful adjustment. Wisdom, however, dictates that while this conflict is in progress both sides to the controversy should engage in a generous rivalry, for the material development of the Territory. The Mormon people are united in pressing for the admission of Utah as a State into the Union, urging that both as to wealth, material de- velopment, and every essential this community is well qualified for statehood. That having ostensibly, by oath and public profession, re- nounced polygamy, no reasonable objection can be now made against admission. The non-Mormons, both Democrats and Eepublicans, are united in opposing the admission of the Territory, while conceding that as to numbers our population is sufQcient, and that our resources would jus- tify our assuming the responsibilities of a State government, yet in es- sentials far more important we are lacking. That the majority of this people have been educated to adhere to a power foreign to the spirit and genius of our institutions. To this despotism they render allegiance and yield obedience; when it commands, though contrary to the law of •the land, they obey, as witness the establishment and practice of polyg- amy ; that to admit Utah into the Union of States is to enthrone with sovereignty this power behind the barriers of statehood! That the avowal of a renunciation of polygamy was for the purpose of continuing and i)ermanently establishing the political control of this power. That to admit Utah is to determine that the principles of our republican government shall not apply to all our people and the whole of our ter- ritory, but that the best interests and important destinies of at least one of our States is to be intrusted to those who claim to rule not only by right but by power divine. In considering this matter, of vital intetest to this Territory and the whole country, prejudice and passion should have no voice in the dis- cussion. The examination should be calm, dispassionate, and fair, but carefully confined to the subject. The discussion of the Utah problem has evolved much unprofitable religious disputation which has clouded and obscured the real issue of grave importance. The Mormon people have vehemently protested that a crusade has been and is being made against their religion ; that a war has been made upon their people ; that the minority has en- deavored and is endeavoring to establish its rule and obtain control by appealing to bigotry, prejudice, and hate. From the very nature of the controversy, the difference being fundamental in its character and not susceptible of compromise, the element of religious faith injected into it, the long time and the zeal and earnestness with which the con- KKPOKT OP THE GOVEENOR OP UTAH. 21 test has been waged, precludes the idea that it could have been con- ducted through the years without unfairness and misrepresentation upon both sides. As to the justice of the claims made by the Mormon people as above set forth, as to their treatment by the Government, its officers, and the people of the United States, including their fellow citizens in the mi- nority resident in this Territory, I may be allowed to repeat what I have before had occasion to say : The unity wliicli is obtained by recognizing the supremacy of one man or set of men, by attributing to him or them a knowledge and power not granted to others, aenved Irom superhuman and supreme source and therefore not to be questioned, but must be obeyed, is the establishment of complete absolutism in those holding power, and the most abject and servile slavery in those submitting. It stifles enterprise, prevents progress, is death to prosperity, unites all people not connected with it in ' antagonism to it. Intelligent freemen will not object, but cheerfully submit, though their Ideas niay not prevail, in communities of which they are members, so long as tbey know that they have had au equal chance with their neighbors in asserting themselves. But when this is denied them, and they are conscious, regardless of the merits and worth of their views, that they have no voice, bat are buried beneath a power alien to and unrecognized by the government under which they live, it is not surprising that they should rebel against the tyranny which paralyzes manhood and destroys freedom. The contest which the minority have waged and now urge has not been upon the principle that minorities should control, but that freedom should be established and prevail here as elsewhere in our land ; that no one man or set of men asserting and claiming absolute power as of divine right shall regulate and control the State and all the affairs of the citizens, moral, religious, social, political, commercial, and finan- cial ; that each citizen's weight in public affairs and private enterprise shall alone depend upon merit aiid capacity. Submission to the government of God through His priesthood, and the unity it en- forces, brought this people to accept, sustain, and uphold polygamy, whether practic- ing it or not, regardless of the sentiments of the Chrisiian world, and in defiance of the law of the land. This revelation, enforced upon the people as law by the priest- hood and accepted of necessity without question by them, attracted the attention of the whole country. Its practice received universal condemnation, provoking the enactment of Federal laws against it, and their enforcement by officials of Federal appointment. No church organization can obtain and hold political power in this country. It is contrary to the spirit and genius of our free Government. That I may be understood, let it be known that I have no religious controversy with the Mormon people. I firmly hold to the rightfulness of the constitutional guaranty which the Government has given, that it will always hold the creeds of its citizens as sacred and inviolable as their lives. No attack is made upon, nor is any punishment of, the Mor- mon religious creed asked for. The wisdom and propriety of putting, not the belief in, but the practice of, polygamyequally by Mormon and non-Mormon, Jew and GeiJtile, under the ban of the law has passed beyond the pale of profitable discussion. With polygamy out, I make the state- ment, and challenge successful contradiction that there is no tenet, cer- emony, practice, observance, or right inculcated or taught of a religious nature by the Mormon Church that the law has been or is invoked against. The. Mormon Church as a religious factor is, under the law, upon the same footing as every other religious body or denomination in the land, with equal rights and privileges— no more, no less— and it should be so left without interference. I shall not arraign the Mormon people as wanting in coiiparison with other people in religious devotion, virtue, honesty, sobriety, industry, and the graces and qualities that adorn, beautify, and bless life. Nor will I attempt to detract irom the praise or glory that is due, or claimed, for the hardy pioneers who settled and reclaimed this land, ^oo often, in the past, arguments made upon this line by the defenders' of tlje Mor- 22 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. mon system have been made to do duty in concealing and protecting- assailable and indefensible positions. Not all the sacrifices of the pio- neers, had they been more glorious than history has ever recorded, not all the virtues of the highest Christian civilization, though this people possessed them all, nor the surrender of the whole people to a willing martyrdom, could justify the despotism of the Mormon political system to a people who have known and appreciate the blessings of a free government. In the Mormon polity established and governing the people of this Territory since its settlement, the unity of the church and state is per^ feet and Indissoluble. It is based upon the complete and absolute con- trol of a priesthood — wielding a supreme power, exercised and yielded to as emanating immediately from God— in all things secular as well as spiritual. The word of this priesthood is to the Mormon people the command of Grod, not only in matters of faith and morals, but in all civil, political, and commercial affairs. This priesthood not only rules the church, but governs the state. A complete and comprehensive system of laws, rules, and regulations, with all needed agents and ofiQcers, is provided to direct and prescribe, not alone the spiritual life and moral actions of the Mormon people, but to control them in all their various avocations, public and private. It is passing strange, yet true, that in this land of liberty and free govern- ment, for forty years a power more absolute and despotic than any other known to civilization has held sway and dominion over a people whose birth-right is.freedom ; that here we have had, as it is nownere else in our land, a union of church and state, the latter subordinate to the former. This power has demanded and received tribute from high and low, rich and poor. Every trade, business, industrial pursuit, and profes- sion has and must contribute to it. It has exacted from the Mormon people, by way of tithing, millions of money. Its tithing yards and houses are great marts of trade, where the church as an organization is the head and proprietor, and where its faithful servants in charge find place, employment, and emolument. It has engaged in many, if not all, secular employments and business ; constructed and operated gas-works, street- railroads, telegraph lines, built and conducted a thea- ter as a public place for profit, engaged in merchandising, owned farm- ing lands and coal mines, horses, cattle, and sheep, conducted on an extensive scale farming and stock-raising. Where it does not engage immediately in busiiiess and trade, it lends its power and influence to its leaders and faithful followers in co operative institutions which it promotes. By way of illustration, the Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution is a'mammoth manufacturing and mercantile corporation, with its prin- cipal houses located at the capital and branch houses scattered through- out the Territory. Its head is the president or presiding oflScer of the church. Its articles of incorporation provide, as a condition, to become a stockholder membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; its business houses decorated with an all-seeing eye and in- scribed with.the motto, "Holiness to the Lord." It is generally true, and if any exist the exceptions are very rare, that only the faithful to the church, or those not of the faith who are willing to serve the in- terests of the church, are given place and employment in all the various enterprises and business of the community conducted and controlled by the Mormons. No matter what the capability and merit of a non- Mormon who will not serve the church interest, no door of employment REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 23 •or advancement is opened to him by the Mormons. To an extent truly surprising their dealing in business affairs is with and among themselves, ■emphasizing forcibly the truth of the designation that they have ap- plied to those not of the faith that they are " outsiders." ' The political power which is common to the Territories, and which, by reason of their numerical strength, is held by the Mormon people, has been a powerful agent in the upbuilding and solidifying of the dominant ohurch power ; the faithful to the church have always been the favored of the state, and, as in private business affairs, the way of advancement and preferment has been closed to all not of the faith and unwilling to serve the church. The contest for supremacy among freemen for ad- ministering the government and forming its policies, prevailing over the rest of the country, has not obtained here to any great degree, because o£ the submission without question of a large majority of the people to the 'counsel and voice of the ruling church authorities. The church power has determined the policy of the civil government and administered the affairs of the Territory through its faithful servants, whom it has se- lected and designated as Territorial, county, and municipal officers. The civil interests being always subordinated to those of the church, the fullness and absolute dominion of this power over the individual and the community, and the manner in which it affects every individual, private and public, must be lived under and felt to be fully appreciated. I am not unmindful that the defenders of the Mormon system will take issue with me, and deny the correctness of the views that I have advanced as to their system, and will claim for it the nieri^of being the most liberal and perfect of I'ree governments existing on earth — a theo- ■democracy as they name it, resting upon the will of God and the vol- untary consent of the people — that is to say, God' commands in affairs ■secular as well as religious, the people obey. The people are taught by the church authorities that it is their duty to obey the will of God, a failure to do which will lose them earthly i)rosperity and comfort and eternal glory and happiness. They are taught that the church leaders are charged with conveying to them this will of God by direct reve- lation. The people believe, and voluntarily obey. Let it be understood always that I address myself alone to the civil, and make no question whatsoever as to the religious, polity. With a view to suppressing polygamy. Congress has passed laws mak- ing its practice a crime and disfranchising polygamists. It has also aimed a blow at the commercial and business power heretofore wielded by the Mormon Church, by enacting laws limiting the extent of, and the uses of, property to be acquired and held by it and all other churches. It has given to the President, by and with the consent of the Senate, the appointment of probate judges, leaving almost the whole political power of the Territory in the hands of the people to be con- trolled and used by the Mormon Church. If the statements I have made are true and to be relied upon, Utah has a theocratic government, while the other States and Territories have republican governments. This government, under another name and widely different forms, is as theocratic to all purposes as that of the ancient Hebrews. , , „ The trath or falsity of my statements is susceptible of ascertainment by investigation and proof. Justice to the whole country as well as to the Mormon and non-Mormon people of this Territory, requires such investigation to be made. If true, it is due the country and the non- Mormons living here to hearken to the wishes of the latter, and pro- vide a government more in consonance with their desires, and one 24 EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. more likely to prepare and fit the Territorj- for Statehood. If false, and there is nothing in the Mormon system opposed to republican in- stitutions and free government, then the Territory ought to be ad- mitted as a State, as all other necessary qualifications are conceded. Believing that a clear knowledge of the facts and a full appreciation of the situation will secure from Congress necessary legislation for the good of this Territory, I recommend the appointment by Congress of a committee composed of equal numbers of Democrats and Republic- ans from both Houses, with full authority to make a complete and thorough investigation of the conditions heretofore and now prevailing in Utah, with all necessarj"^ power to secure the attendance of witnesses and a full ascertainment of facts. If, however, it should be deemed, by reason of other Congressional duties, such a committee could not de- vote the necessary time and attention to such an investigation, pro- vide for the appointment by the President, with the advice and consent ' of the Senate, of a commission, to be composed equally of the two great parties, to be clothed with the power suggested for said committee, and charged with like duty and no other. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Caleb W. West, Governor. The Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. G. |y?3 REPORT OF THE GOYERNOR OF UTAH TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 9 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT FEINTING OPPICE. 1889. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOE OF UTAH TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 8 9. WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE. 1889. REPORT THE GOVERNOE OF UTAH, Territory of Utah, Salt Lalce City, Octoler 20, 3.889. Sir : In compliance with the request made in your letter of July 19, 1 889, I respectfully submit the following report of affairs in Utah Ter- ritory : There has been no census of the inhabitants of the Territory since the national census of 1880. It is now estimated that the total popu- laition of th^ Territory is 230,000." The estimated population of the counties is as follows : County. Population. County. Popalation. 6,300 8,486 19, 120 6,610 5,540 2,120. 4, -.40 4,800 5,300 4,605 2,120 3, 280 2,120 Salt Lake 60, 000 400 Cache - San Pete - . 16, 400 9,420 5,800 6, MO 2 850 Emery Garfield Sevier 1 . Uintah ... Utah ' 23, 760 3,710 MlUard Washington Weber. ._ Total 5,300 22, 770 Pi Ute Kioh 229, 895 Of the 143,962 persons in Utah in 1880, 99,969 were natives of the United States, 80,841 of whom were bora in Utah. Since 1880 the foreign-born population has been increased by Mor- mon immigration as follows : Year. Population. Year. Population. Iggl 2,233 2,603 2,462 1,799 1,549 1,544 18S7 1,027 1,419 1888 1883 1889 .,-. 1,368 1884 Total j.... 16, 094 1886 '■■ ( 4 EEPOET OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. POPULATION, ASSESSED VALUE OV PROPERTY, AND INDEBTEDNESS OV CITIES AND TOWNS. Statement showing the population of the incorporated cities and towns of Utah Territory ; the assessed value of the property and the indebtedness of the same for the year 1889, to- gether with the population in 1880. A Bsessed vaJnation of property. Indebted- ness. Estimated population, 1889. Population, 188U. Cities incorporated under special charters. American Fork Alpine Beaver i.. BriEham City Cedar City Coalville Corinne Ephraim Fair view Fillmore G-rantsviUe Hyrum Kaysville ..,. LeniCity Logan Mauti Mendon Moroni ^ Mount Pleasant Morgan Ogden Park City Parowan Payson Pleasant Grove Prove Eichfleld Kichmond j Salt Lake City Smithfleld Spanish Fork Spring City Sprlngville St. George Tooele City Washington WelUviUe i. "Willard Cities and towns incorporated wnder general laws. Bear Kiver Fountain Greeii Heber City Kanab Monroe , Nephi Salem Total . $220, 000 70, 000 251, 171 300, 000 113,000 ' U6, 000 182, 255 120, 000 80, 000 100, 000 150, 000 240, 800 250, 000 270, 340 (*) 225, 000 43, 000 90, 000 180, 000 127, 980 t7, 000, 000 621, 566 100, 000 228, 000 228, 850 1, 000, 000 143, 521 1 16, 750 16, 611, 752 147, 640 238, 932 67, 200 420, 000 242, 315 107, 909 , 53, 700 100, 000 73, 653 1,565 71, 420 (*) 46, 950 71, 000 (*) 5,000 30, 837, 2G9 500 800 None. None. None. None. None. 850 None. None. 5,000 None. None. None. None. . None. None. 100, 000 None. None. None. 400 None. None. None. 385, 000 1,500 None. None. None, None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. 834 457 495, 541 2,300 400 1,900 3,000 1,000 1,500 275 2,400 1,225 1,100 860 2,100 1,600 2,200 4,500 2,500 600 1,225 2,500 700 15, 000 6,000 1,000 2,300 2,200 . 6,000 1,700 1,150 45, 000 1,500 3,000 1,200 3,000 1,400 1,100 376 1,500 600 400 700 1,600 570 875 2,200 625 134, 881 1,825 319 1,911 1,877 691 911 277 987 1,007 1,234 1,}87 1,538 3,396 1,748 543 838 2, 004 433 6, 069 1,542 957 1,788 1,775 3,432 1,197 1,198 20,768 1,177 2,304 989 2,312 1,332 918 483 1,193 412 340 601 1,291 394 744 1,797 510 80, 810 * No return, t The assessment for city purposes is 60 per cent, higher than for county and Terri- torial purposes. EEPOET OF THE GOVEBNOE OF UTAH. 5 REVENUE roK 1888. statement of the revenue from the tax leva for the year 1888, at the rate of three-fifths of one per cent., for Territorial and school purposes. County. Amount. Connty. Amount. Beaver $3,773.12 14,900.38 13,291.10 8,718.23 6,161.80 1,444.99 2,499.19 7, 342. 58 1,636.29 5,936.76 3, 040. 62 1, 605. 01 2,623.40 111, 341. 82 2,047.22 San Pete $9,958.55 3, 952. 07 Box Elder Cache 11, 700. 00 8, 031. 66 XTintah .. .... 1 675.11 Garfield Utah 25, 773. 19 3, 389. 21 3, 836. 14 Jnab _ ... 27, 714. 60 Millard Totalforl888 Total for 1887 282, 393. 94 Pi Ute 227, 361. 48 Salt Lake . ... 55, 032. 43 San JnaxL Or 24 per cent. REAL AND PERSONAL PROPBRTV, 1889. Statement shomng the assessed valuation of real and personal property in the several counties of Utah Territory for the year 1889. County. Beal propei-ty. Personal prop- erty. Total 1889. Total 1888. $381,485.50 1,991,702.00 1,659,030.00 1, 355, 370. 00 1, 625, 133. 00 (*) 219,537.00 986, 096. 00 10.5, 520. 00 214,110.00 384,660.00 78, 142. no 228,619.00 16,299,538.66 375. 00 1,203,380.00 423, 57.5. 00 1,146,498.32 604, 874. 00 86,233.00 3,626,866.00 420,682.00 827, 346. 00 3,656,954.00 $365,634.00 482,492.01 711,628.00 213, 349 00 132,344.00 (*) ■ 221,217.00 612, 098. 00 296,658.00 662,561.00 112,627.00 243, 304. 00 210, 026. 00 5,430,748.00 263.694.00 564, 622. 00 386,911.00 910,443.24 713,131.00 246,083.00 810, 000. 00 247,718.00 348,482.00 1,564,895.00 $747, 119. 50 2,474,194.00 2,370.658.00 1,568,719.00 1, 757, 477. 00 240,831.661 440,754.00 1,698,194.00 402,178.00 876,671.00 497,287.00 321,536.00 438,645.00 20, 730, 286. 66 264, 069. 00 1,768,002.00 810,486.00 • 2,066,941.56 1,218,005.00 332, 316. 00 4,436,866.00 6I!8,400.00 676,827.00 5,221,849.00 $628, 853. 33^ 2, 483, 396. 66| 2, 215, 183. 33| 1, 453, 038. 33| 1, 026, 966. 66} Grarfield 240,831.66} 416,531.66} 1, 223, 763. 33i B^ne ..-.-'..-.-- 272, 715. 00 Millaxd 989, 460. 00 606, 770. 00 Pi Ute 267,501.66} Hich 437, 233. 33i 18,556,970.00 341, 203. 3fi 1,659, 758. 33i 658, 828 33^ 1, 950, 000. 00 . 1, 338, 610. CO 279,185.00 Utah 4, 295, .'531. 66 564, 868 33 639,356.66 -Weber 4,619,100.00 Total 35,925,725.48 16,750,855.24 51, 917, 312. 38} 17, 065, 656. 66} *No retnm. Increase over 1888, $4,851,656, or 13 per cent. 6 KEPORT OF THE GOVEENOE OP UTAH. SETTLEMENT OF THE PUBLIC LANDS. The disposition and settlement of the public lands in Utah Territory, and the statement of the total business of the land oflSce at Salt La lie City from the time of its opening in March, 1869, to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1888, is shown in the following table : Num'ber, Acreage, Amonnt. Cash entry Mineral entry Mineral applications Desert applications. -■ Desert final Homestead entry Homestead final Timber culture Timber final Adverse claims Pre-emption filings ! Coal filings Central and Union Papific sections- Land warrants Soldiers' and sailors' scrip Agricultural College scrip Talentine scrip - . Chippewa scrip...- '.... Supreme court Timber sold Timber depredations . . - Testimony fees Coal cash entries Stnmpage Total . 3,297 1,460 1,713 2,573 478 8,157 3,89] 1,061 6 787 11, 066 856 323, 829. 25 12, 268. 29 / 1,443.00 608, 338. 61 80, 914. 07 10, 002, 998. 44 932. 024. 85 127, 866. 96 660. 00 612. 05 1, 326, 520. 00 102, 720. 00 348, 282. 23 23, 957. 00 13.00 84, 912. 04 440.00 80.00 4, 360. 02 7, 510, 67S. 33 20, 992, 918. 14 $490, 6' 4. 50 61, 6115. 00' 15, 680. 00 129, 546. 49 80,914.07 128, 968. 01 21, 654. 95 12, 715. 00 24.00 6,505.00 33, 168. 00 2. 568. 00 4,273.40 615. 00 27.00 2, 232. 00 11.00 2.00 127. 08 12, 632. 59 5, 689. 56 139, 482. 02 2, 78S. 72 1, 151, 783. 89 Report of the business of the United States Land Office at Salt Lake City, Utah, during the fiscal year ending June 30, ls89. Kind of entry. Number. Acreage. Amonnt. Cash entries Mineral entries Mineral applications Desert applications - Desert final entries.. i Homestead entries Homestead final entries ... Tiraber.culture entries Timber-culture finul entries Adverse raining claims Pre-emption filings Coal filings Coal cash entries Testimony Soldiers' and sailors' scrip Union and Central Pacific Railways' selections. Total. ]63 98 75 216 73 288 196 200 1 11 345 125 4 12, 578. 73 900. 6703 948. 8985 SO, 489. 98 12, 322. 96 4, 185. 45 28, 131. 41 24, 745. 27 120. 00 45, 422. 70 20, 000. 00 560. 87 200, 406. 9388 $23, 507. 89 4, 550. 00 750. 00 14, 262. 46 12, 322. 96 4, 677. 00 1,230.00 2, 449. 00 4.00 110. 00 1, 035. 00 37.5. 00 9,617.40 1, 461. 67 3 134.64 Acres. Total area surveyed in Utah to June 30, 1889 ,„ ,„„ „„, ,„ Total area surveyed and approved during fiscal year ending June 30, 1889 '. 1 !! i ! './.i !'.".'. '. 259 489 33 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 7 LIVE STOCK. Statement showing the number of . horses, cattle, and s keep assessed in Utah TeirHtory for the year lfciS9. Counties. Horaes. Cattle. Sheep. Beaver Box Elder... Caclie Davis Sjmery Garfield Iroii Juab Kaue MlUard Morgan Pitrte "Bieh Salt Lake . . . SaA Juan — San Pete Sevier , ■ Summit ...i. Tooele Uintali trtah ■Wasatch "Washington "Weber . . . j . . Total.. 1,866 4, 220 6,057 2,316 2,544 2,059 1,788 2,350 2,312 3,607 1,066 2,105 2,6*2 5,082 780 5,186 3,416 2,689 3,854 6,671 6,740 1,958 1,686 3,900 4, 917 ,10, 849 9,243 4,466 12,342 8,418 6,867 3, 645 8,202 4,875 3,107 7,323 11, 756 6,226 22, 054 9,364 8,622 9,480 4,790 2,851 13, 192 10, 614 9,041 7,333 32, 960 74, 621 4,234 897 09, 293 16, 026 26, 312 148. 900 77, 879 121, 655 937 43. 229 5,661 10. 882 6,300 46,800 53, 708 602 237, 020 16, 876 69, 525 17,147 J 5, 100 2,190 75, 723 199, 667 1, 128, 113 The above statement represents about 50 per cent, of the total num- ber of horses, cattle, and sheep in the Territory. In some counties it probably does not give more than 40 per cent, of the total number. During ihe past few years the people have given more attention to the improvement of live stock. They have imported a large number of thoroughbred animals. The exhibition made of these animals at the agricultural iair held in Salt Lake City this fall was equal in point of general excellence to any exhibit made at a similar exhibition in the West. "Wool clip for 1889 (estimated) pounds.. 11,000,000 Estimated number of sheep shipped aud driven from the Territory 225,000 THE UNOCCUPIED PUBLIC LANDS. The questioii of what the Government should do with the vast fracts of land which can only be used for grazing purposes is assuming vital " importance throughout tie West, aud is directly associated witii the problem of a cheap food supply. Under the present conditions these unoccupied lands are used by persons engaged in raising hor>es, cattle, and sheep. There is no har- mony of interest.s among them, and there being no protection aftbrded by the law in the use of the lauds, there is frequent conflict between the clashing interests. If the Government would provide some way by which the persons en- gaged in stock-growing could acquire title to the grazing lands which never can be used for agricultural purposes, it would remove one of the most serious drawbacks to the growth of the stock industry, and pco- mote the settlement of the country. The grazing and mountain lauds constitute nearly sesren-eighths of the entire land area of Utah. If the Government will classify these lands so that the title can be vested in persons engaged in raisiug stock, they could adopt measures 8 EEPORT OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. to protect the natural forage plants which are now rapidly disappearing and which are their sole dependence for feed for their stock. The pro- ceeds from the sales of these lands should be devoted to increasing the water supply in the respective territories. MINERAL PEODTJCT FOE 1888, I am indebted to Mr. J. B. Dooly, the cashier of Wells, Fargo & Oo.'s banlj at Salt Lalie Qity, for the following very valuable and com- prehensive statement of the mineral product of the Territory : Wells, Fargo f Co.'s statement of the mineral product of Zftahfor 1888. Copper. Lead, unrefined. Silver. Gold. In bars. In base bullion and ores. In bars. Inbnllioix and orbs. Pounds. 499, 250 Pounds. 7, 072, 700 9, 882, 000 5, 129, 100 1, 283, 162 1, 924, 702 Ounces. Ounces. 442, 137 m-Z, 550 247, 768 238, 311 930, 623 3,000 Ounces. Ounces. 2,386 Hanauer Smelter 2,363 2,276 318 yfi-nfrn FnTnaPO Oo 256, 5i9 Daly Mining Co 856, 438 1,074,965 263, 466 1,769 588 1,058 Silver Reef District Other mines and placers 444 Net product bars and| base 755, 769 25, 291, 664 18, 150, 778 1,124,715 2, 196, 638 2, 384, 389 1, 393, 100 204, 728 1,032 8,401 4,045 408 Contents copper, ore, bullion, and matte shipped 2, 131, 047 Totals 2, 886, 816 44, 567, 157 2, 196, 638 3, 982, 217 1,032 12,854 EBCAPITULATIOK'. '2,886,816 pounds copper, at 10 cents pei pound $288,681.60 44,567.157 pounds unrefined lead, at $54 per ton 1,203,313.23 6,178,855 ounces fine silver, at $0.93|per ounce 5 787,527.85 13,886ounces fine gold, at $20 ^ '277,720.00 Total export value 7,557,242.68 Computing the gold and silver at their mint valuation, and other metals at their value at the sea-board, it would increase the value of the product to |10,993,7ril.02. Comparative statement showing the quantity of the silver and goli contained in hase bul- lion and ores produced in Utah. Tear. Total silver produced. Total gold liroduced. Silver in ores and bullion. Gold in ores and base bullloii. Total silver product. Total gold product. 1877 Ounces. 4, 359, 703 4,357.328 3, 835, 047 8, 783, 566 5,400, 101 5,435,441 4, 531, 763 5, 669, 4S<8 6, 972, 680 5, 918, 842 6, 161, 737 6, 178, 855 Ownces. 17, 325 13, 040 15, 932 8,0.:0 7,958 9, 039 6.991 5,530 8, 903 10, 577 11, 3S7 13, 886 Ounces. 2, 102, 098 2, 108, 339 1, 797, 589 1,408,819 2, 643, (i99 2, 581, 789 2, 351, 100 3, 25 , 984 3, 189, 576 2, 838, 203 4, 019, 273 3, 982, 217 Ounces. 11, OHS 10,165 6,693 2,K78 2,62i 5,016 6,597 3,806 7, 289 8,369 10, 714 12,854 Per cent. 48.2 48.3 46.8 37.1 48.9 47.3 51.8 57.4 63.4 47.9 6,5.7 64.4 Per cent 1878 63.6 1879 67.5 1880 1881 35.7 35.8 1882 '82.9 18rt3. 65.6 80. 1885 1886 68.8 81.8 1887 79.1 1888 94. 92.6 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. Compwrative statement of the value of lead iullion, including silver and gold necessarily produced in its manufacture west of the Missouri Miver. [Compiled fEom the annual reports issued by John J. Valentine, vice-president and general manager- Wells, Fargo & Co., San Francisco. J Tear. Total value of precious metals in- cluding lead. Total value of lead bullion including gold and sil- ver contents. Pei^ cent, of entire product. 1878 . $81, 154, 622 75, 349, 501 80, 167, 936 84, 504, 417 92, 411, 835 90, 813, 612 8t, 975, 954 90,181,260 103,011,761 104, 645, 959 $14, 740, 581 19,234,394 28, 114, 564 30, 263, 430 35, 798, 750 34, 810, 022 31, 191, 250 35, 731, 711 44, 635, 655 41, 595, 853 ■ 18 1 1879 2B.5 1880 _ 1881 35. 35.8 1882 38.7 1883 38.5 1884 J 36.7 1885 39.6 1886 43.3 1887 39.7 The metals, lead, silver and gold are obtained in small quantities iu almost all the productive mines' located in this inter-mountain region. The ores are mostly low grade, and the assimilation of the metals, causes the process of smelting to be the favorite and most economical method of reduction. This fact will explain the increase in the percentage of gold and silver produced iu the manufacture of base bullion. It demonstrates conclusively, that any legislation, having for its ob,ject the repeal of the present tariff on lead, or the placing of the product of lead or lead ores on the free list, must diminish its production, and decrease iu the same ratio the gold and silver product of the United States. This injury to our great mining industry is augmented by the action of the Treasury Department in admitting foreign ores (notably from Mexico) free of duty under a strained and doubtful interpretation of the present laws. It will be seen that 64.4 per cent, of the silver and 92.5 per cent, of the gold produced in Utah is obtained by smelting or in the reduction of lead ores. . The minin g industry h as been generally prosperous. Several new and important developments have been made in Park City and in other mining camps. It is the opinion of the miners that there would be a great increase in the mineral product were it not for what they believe to be an erroneous construction of the law relative to the admission of lead ores by the Treasury Department. LIST OF UTAH MINERALS. An adequate idea may be formed of the generous manner in which nature has lavished her treasures upon Utah from the following state- ment of minerals found in the Territory : Precious metals. Gold. — Occurs in placers at Bingham, and in lead, copper, and silver mines in various parts of the Territory. Silver. — Native wire silver, silver glance, brittle, horn, and ruby sil- ver occur in the different mines, mixed with lead, iron, and copper ores. Other metals. Antimony. — Has been mined at Marysvale, and occurs in lead-silver ores in the form of sulphuret. Arsenic.— This occurs as mispickle in lead-silver ores. Copper. — Native copper occurs at Tintic and many other places. Va- rious forms are found, such as carbonate, azurite, and malachite. Sili- cate and pyrite of copper are found in the mines of Tintic, in central Utah, in the Wasatch Mountains, and on the western border. 10 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. Iron. — This is very abundant throughout. In Iron County there are several million Ions of hematite, magnetite, and lemonite ninning over €0 per cent, metallic iron, occurring in one locality. At Tintic there is a large body of hematite, with some ilmenite. In various parts of the Territory there are large deposits of oxides of iron of all shades, val- uable for paints. Nearly all the forms of iron occur in our lead-silver and copper-silver ores. Lead is the most abundant metal in the mine^ It is most commonly found as galena, though auglesite and wulfenite occurs. Lead is found in almost every mining camp in the Territory, and is the chief source of all thejprecious metals. Were the production of lead to become un- profitable nearly all the mining in the Territory would cease. Manganese. — This occurs in several places. In central Utah there is a large J)ed that will doubtless become very useful in making manganese iron. Mercury. — Cinnabar occurs near Camp Floyd and at.Marysvale, where it has been made into metallic mercury. Molybdenum occurs in ores. Zinc blende occurs in many ores, and is often a troublesome element. Miscellaneous. Goal exists in vast quantities along the east side of the coal range and on both sides of the Uintahs, from the northern limit to Arizona. It belongs to the Cretaceous age. Some of the veins are 40 feet thick. Some veins make a fair quality of coke, and are being utilized now. Building stone of every grade, from the finest quartzose granite, m arble, limestone, and sandstones of every grade and hue, are abundant and accessible. Salt occurs both as rock-salt and as a part of the Great Salt Lake. Unlimited quantities can be produced annually. Sulphur occurs at Cove Creek and in the mountains in seemingly in- exhaustible quantities. Alum is found in many localities. Asbestos also occurs. Asphaltum also occurs in many places in vast deposits or lakes. Ozo- cerite occurs at Colton in small seams. Uintahite (gilsonite) is fouud in a 4-foot vein near the Uinta Reservation and now supplies the world with Japan varnish. Elaterite, a closely allied product, is also found in a large vein on the Keservation. Petroleum occurs at (xreen Eiver, aud gives indication of being valuable. Cement. — There are several places where there is a natural Portland cement. Fire clay is found in many places. Gems are found, such as topaz, garnet, chalcedony, amethyst, etc. Graphite is found in paying quantities iu three places. Gypsum occurs iu endless quantities; also alabaster and silenite. Kaolin is found of very pure quality and would make very flue ware. Lithograph stone occurs in several places. Mica is abundant, and in a few places valuable. Obsidian occurs abundantly in the volcanic regions. Saltpeter is found in several places. Silica of a quality to make the finest glass is abundant. Slate, good for mantels, is found at Utah Lake. Tripoli of fine quantity is mined near Salt Lake City and on the prom- ontory. EEPOET OP THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. 11 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Utah has no public buildings for the use of the Federal offices. There is urgent need of such a building to be located at Bait Lake City. The total amount paid for rents would pay the interest on a very large sum of money, say, $250,000, It would, therefore, be a measure of economy on the part of the G-overnmenfr to erect a suitable building at once, as the rents will increase annually and the land become more valuable. There is another very strong reason wny Congress should provide for such a building. Many of our citizens come to Utah without hav- ing seen anything of the country or learning anything of the Govern- ment, except what may be learned during a hurried trip across the con- tinent. They reach Utah and see massive buildings erected by private enterprises, but nothing which in any way represents the Grovernment. It seems to me it would be a most valuable object lesson to them if the Oovernment would erect a magnificent building. It would give them some idea, at least, of the dignity and power of the Government, and would reflect credit upon the Government. The different Federal offices are now scattered all over the city. Old capital building.— The bid' capitol building, erected at Fillmore, Utah, the former seat of government, at a cost of $25,000, is now used for mission school purposes. I recommend that it be sold or granted to the Territory for school purposes. Penitentiary. — At the last ses.sion of Congress an appropriation of ^95,000 was made for the erection of new buildings at Che Utah Peni- tentiary. For some reason the money has hot been applied to the pur- pose for which it was granted. The present accommodations at the penitentiary are insufficient, and the new buildings should be erected as soon as possible. I recommend that Congress provide that persons imprisoned in the Utah Penitentiary be put to worli. The,System of punishment which provides food, clothing, and shelter, to able-bodied men, and frequently leaves their wives and children to suffer, doesHiot commend itself to hu- mane persons. If the prisoners were kept at work their earnings could be applied, after deducting the cost of maintaining them, to the sup- port of those dependent on them, if any, or retained for them until their terms of imprisonment would expire. Industrial Home. — A. large, commodious, and attractive-looking build- ing has been erected by the Government at a cost of nearly $50,000. This building was provided for by Congress in response to a philan- thropic movement of the Christian women of Utah to establish an in-, dustrial home for women who renounce polygamy, and their chddren of tender age. Deseret University. — In connection with the university there is now being erected a Deaf-Mute Institute. Eeform School. — The Reform School building has just been completed at an expense of $75,000, and will be opened on October 31 of this year. It has been turnished with suitable furniture and everything requisite to meet the demands that may be made upon it. Agricultural College. — The erection of a college building was com- menced in June last, and will be finished about IsTovember 15 of this jear, at a cost of $25,000. The services of an experienced gentleman have been secured to take ■charge of the college and of the agricultural experiment station to be ■conducted in connection with it. It promises to be one of the most useful of the Territorial institutions. 12 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOE OP UTAH. Insane Asylum.— This institution, located at Prove, is crowded with patients far beyond its capacity. It is confidently expected that the new legislative assembly will provide for additional accommodations. Gapitol grounds.— The. $25,000 appropriated for the purpose of improv- ing the land granted to the' Territory by the city of Salt Lake as a site for the proposed capitol building has been expended in placing an iron fence around the land and in running ditches and flumes and reservoirs to secure a water supply.. Agricultural exposition building. — This building was completed last year, and has been used for agricultural fair purposes. The fair held this year was highly creditable and very successful. IRKIGATION. The present year has been an unusually dry one. The farmers in many parts of the Territory have not been able to raise more than one- half of the usual amount of grain, vegetables, etc., and the question of the water supply has become of vital interest to the people. During the month of August last the committee of the United States Senate appointed to investigate the subject of irrigation and the facilities for storing water for the reclamation of the arid lands visited Utah and were in session for two days in Salt Lake Oity. The people of the Territory were deeply interested in the visit of the committee, and, through the efforts of the county courts and many of the citizens, a complete statement was prepared of the actual condition of 'the water supply and the opportunities. There was also filed with the committee maps showing the location of settlements, streams, and the places especially adapted as sites for reservoirs. This Vf ry valuable information was given to the committee and will be made a feature of their report. The following statistical statement will convey a very fair idea of the extent of the interests de- pendent upon irrigation in Utah : statistics of irrigation in Utah as reported for the year 1889. County. Beaver Box Elder . . Cache Davis Emery Garfield Iron Juab Kane Hillard Morgan . - . . . Piute Kloh Salt Lake... San Jnan .. San Pete ... Sevieir Summit Tooele TJintrth trtah ■Wasatoh. - Washington Weber. .g ■3 1, 689, 600 2, 767, 360 633, 61)0 000 •0.2 9,500 53, 280 43,154 26,413 14, «25 5, 000 6,997 4,000 1, 825 13, 500 10, 000 12, 135 40, HI 38, 587 6, 025 3,200 25, KOO 7, 60O 6.250 8,932 69, 126 18 000 8.893 117, 800 " s jj 14, 250 73, 327 46, 263 29, 200 1,400 15, 650 2,450 14, 535 119,905 6.900 35, 0,50 ■§5 a £ a 2 o o a 150, 000 133, 480 116, 607 372, 620 15, 960 161, 9110 loo, 000 13, sm 2U0, 000 16, 500 89, 087 600, 000 100. ono 15, 000 200, 000 66, 220 225, .'140 32, 000 18, 9il(l 143, 100 2 a M a 5 a ^ May 15. May 1., April... March . . Apr. 15 Apr. 1.. Apr. 1-. Apr. 15 Mav 20. Mar. 20. Api-. 1 . May 16 May 15. April . . . April . April... .2 5 Ang. 16 Sept 1. October Nov Ang. 1 . . Nov. ].. oct'i:;. Aug. 16. Sept. 1.. Sept. 10. Aug. 15. Sept. 15 a. a 5. 000 to 6< 000 4, 300 to 5, 700 4,533 4, 215 to 6, 000 3, 900 to 4, 500 5, 835 to fi, 275 5, 419 to 6, 100 5, 000 to 5, 500 Sept. 1.. October. October October 5,000 6,400 6,U00 4,215 4,400 4,400 4,600 6.000 2,700 4,315 to 6, 000 6,600 to 7, 000 to 6, 422 to 4, 500 5,000 6,500 6.000 6,000 to 6, 500 to 5,000 to 4, 800 to 7, ."iOS to 3, 400 to 5, 000 KEPOET OF THE GOVERNOE OP UTAH. 13 Statistics of irrigation in Utah as reported for ihe year 1889 — Continued. Acres of crops raised. Duty of water per Number of cubic feet per second flowing in streams in irrigating season. cubic foot per second. J i 1 Acres controlled by — ' County. ■a |1 i i as Beaver...- 45 12 40 19 34 Meadows 3,210 76 110.5 30 420.13 Davis < Lucerne 11,069 Smallgrain 7,766 Other 4,07S Orchards 2,237 Vegetables. 2,965 J 171. 13 Garfleld \ Lucerne.. 120 Smallgrain 2,725 Roots 705 Hay 350 ■ ( 801 liooj 100 67.63 9 Juab 3,500 £00 Eaae ......: C37i ^o (lOO 50) to \ 150j 31 9 Millard .'. 11, 000 .... 800 1,700 100 '217""' 605 ftV| (425.5) 7.33 109 46 Piute \ Bich 60 100 145.4 213.8 25 37 Salt Lake....' Lucerne 13,668 Smallgrain 13,566 Vegetables, etc.... 3,470.6 Orchards 1,678.5 23, 600 400 .... 9,800 11,950 625 90 I 100 Lucerne 2,634 Hay 2,226 Smallgrain 1,982 Vegetables 710 Orchards 178 100 107.5 40 11 15 10 80 78.25 308 TTtah 66.2 145 16 20 40 191.8 323.66 Weber 3d 80 30 Best 14 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. StatiatioB of irrigation in Utah as reported for the year 1889— Continued. 1 1 i EQ O o If n Eeservoir sites. f^ bo 1.2 1: M ■li County. 8 In 1 o o i i g 1^ 11 £ -, ® If -a U) SE !zi 1 Very much \ - 5 Many Several 15 4 14 Several 9 10 59 in valley ^16 in monntaina Valleys ^ 6, 000? 8, OOOC 4, 300 i 6, OOOj 17, 000 1,000 \ ' 24 14, 385 8 4' jj . "' ' ^ ■ Mountains 13, 690 16, 000 700 6" 6 f. None . None ■- ft Tnah '*' Many. 1, 000 1,000 400 ...... 7,000 8 4to5 6to8 5to6 IS Mi1I;i,rr1 2 p. c . . Won 6 . Pinte 10 20 15 Many. 2 6 Many Several ..do ... 1 1 in valley 9 in mounta'n . . 5, 400? 7, 000 to 9, 0005 6, 000 to 7, 000 4,500 9,000 10, 000 77, 810 53, 400? 133, 400J » Eich (Moun tains 600 120 5 •>.i Sevier - . . . Uintah 970 23, 985 60 p.o 33ip C Many- 8,000 14, 000 Utah 34 5 8 "Washington Much. 16 1 Several ■ "Where no details are given no report has been received. In connection witli the subject of irrigation a brief statement of the work proposed to be done by the "Bear Lake and River Water- Works and Irrigation Company" may prove of interest. This company, organized under the laws of Utah, proposes to con- struct a mammoth sys'"em of head works, conduits, and canals, by means of which the waters of Bear La e. Bear, Ogden, and Weber Eivers in Utah are to be diverted and distributed to cities, towns, and farms for municipal and domestic use. The lands which will be tribu- tary to the canal will exceed 250,000 acres. Some of this land is equal to the finest in the Territory for agricultural purposes ; in fact nearly all of the land is remarkably fertile. The cost of the canal when completed will probably exceed $2,000,000. The influence of this vast enterprise on the section of country through which it runs and the Territory, if successful, can hardly be overesti- , mated. It will transform thousands of acres of arid land into garden spots, and will enable many thousands of people to find comfortable homes. It is a most important enterprise for the Territory, and ought to be successful. The board of directors are representative men. The organization of the company was accomplished by the energy and enterprise of Mr. John R. Bothwell. BEPOET OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. 15 PTJBLIO AND DENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS. Under the provisions of the Edmunds-Tucker law the Territorial superintendent of public schools is appointed by the supreme court of the Territory. He is required by law to mitke an annual report to Con- gress, and to give in his report detailed information respecting the schools. I shall therefore only refer to the subject in a general way. The importance of free public schools and an efftcient public school system in which the youth may be educated is universally recognized. While Utah has a very fair system of public schools, they fall far short ot what they should be. The tax collected for the support of the schools does not pay one half the expenses of maintaining the schools;, consequently the pupils must pay tuition fees or the schools be closed. In many of the poorer districts the children are denied school privi- leges for many months of the year. There is little prospect — in fact there is no prospect— that this will be changed. I am led to this conclusion by the fact that the Mormon people, with almost entire unanimity, are quietly preparing for denom- inational schools, in which their children may be taught Mormon theol- ogy in addition to the ordinary branches of education. State or county academies have been established under church aus- pices, and in some of the school districts the Mormon children have been withdrawn from the public schools and placed in church schools.. The following extract from a letter written by Wilford Woodruff, the president of the Mormon Church, shows very clearly the object and purpose of establishing these church schools : We feel that the time has. arrived when the jjroper education of onr children should be talien in hand by us as a people. Religious training is practlca ly excluded from the public schools. .The perusal of books we value as divine records isf orbidden. Our children, if left to the training they receive in these schools, will grow up entirely igno- lantof thos&prinoiples of salvation for which the Latter-day Saintshave made so many sacrifices. To permit this c ndition of things to exist among us would be criminal. The desire is universally expressed by all thiulting people in the church that we should have schools where the BibW, the Book of Mormon, and Dhc Book of Doctrine and Covenants can be used as text-books, and where the principles of our religion may form part of the teaching of the schools. It is very plain that the church has decided to take its place as an enemy of the public school system and the principles which are its foundation. The remedy for such an evil is obvious. Congress should at once place the control of the public schools in the hands of those who are disposed to be friendly to the public school system. If the Mormon Church leaders are determined to oppose these schools by establishing denominational schools, their power and influence should be destroyed so far as the administration of school affairs is concerned, and this can only be done by taking the management and control of these schools out of the bands of its members. The free public school has justly been re- garded' as one of the strongest pillars which supports our political fafbric, and it is a strange perversity which prompts the dominant power in Utah, in this age of enlightenment and progress, to attempt to break it down. 16 EEPOET OP THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH, The different denominations had, in Utah, for the year ending June 30, 1889, the following schools : 1889. 1888. BenominatioiL No. of schools. No. of teachers. No. of pupils. No. of schools. No. of teachers. No. of pupils. Baptist 2 6 24 21 32 6 2 3 SO 48 35 62 27 6 150 900 2,480 1,396 2,150 800 76 2 7 22 20 33 6 1 3 50 38 61 61 22 3 140 1,000 1,883 1,649 1,925 800 Methodist Protestant Episcopal ...... 45 Total 93 230 7,961 90 238 7 442 Of the 2,490 scholars enrolled in the Congregational schools, 1,035 were the children of Mormon parents ; of the 1,396 scholars enrolled in the Methodist schools, 291 were the children of Mormon parents. Bishop Abiel Leonard, of the Episcopal Church, in his report says : I am persuaded that the religious schools planted in this Territory have done very- much to bring about the change In public sentiment as to the bounden duty which rests upon every true man to uphold the Government of the United States, and to compel respect to the laws enacted by the highest legislative authority. The work of our schools is not yet completed, but I believe the day is not distant, especially in the larger towns, when we may feel that our mission in sustainiDg free schools has It is but a small tribute to the unselfish work of the various denomi- nations to say that they have performed a great work fn promoting the emancipation of the people of Utah, and that jthey have supplied a need that could be met in no other way ; and yet I can not but feel that the presence of the denominational school is not consistent with the princi- ples upon which our Government rests. I believe the non-Mormons in Utah will welcome the day when they will give way before the rise of a free public school system. THE SCHOOL LANDS. Congress has set apart sections 16 and 36 in each township of land for the use of the public schools, and the land has been located. These lands are situated in Eich, Cache, Salt Lake, Tooele, Utah, Juab, San Pete, Sevier, and Pi Ute Counties. Land without water is of but little use in Utah, and as the water sup- ply has all been appropriated, the school lands are comparatively worth- The total amount of the grant is 46,080 acres, which, at the rate of $1.25 per acre, would realize $57,600. The amount may reach $75 000 but I do not believe it is adequate for the great purpose which the (government had in view when it made the grant. I believe it would be a wise act on the part of Congress to increase the grant. INDIANS. So far as I have been able to learn, the Indians on the Uintah and Uncompahgre Eeservations in northeastern Utah (Uintah County) are KEPORT OF THE GOVERNOK OF UTAH. 17 contented, and give but little cause of complaint, if any, to the agent in charge. The only serious difficulty known has been occasioned by, the Un- compahgre Indians leaving the reservation to hunt in the mountains of Colorado during the season for deer hunting, which can only be pre- vented by United States troops scouring the country. These Utes were removed to Utah in 1882, and claim, so I am informed, that they are not now located on the land set apart for them under the treaty ratified by Congress, and which is situated at the junction of the Gunnison and Grand Elvers. They claim the right to hunt on this land and say it belongs to them. Some of the Uintah Indians are engaged in agricult- ure, raising stock, etc.,, and are fairly prosperous. The territory occu- pied by these Indians is equal to the most fertile in Utah, and there is no good reason why they should not be made self supporting. There are about 1 ,500 in the Territory, exclusive of those on the two reservations, ^hey are chiefly Piutes and Shoshones, though there are some Pah Vants, Piedes, and Utes. Most of them exist by begging and by spasmodic attempts at hunting and fishing. They lack spirit and are uncared for ; they greatly need schools and missionaries, and to be tkught how to take care of themselves and to till the soil. The Government does little, if anything, for them. The squaws do most of the drudgery. In Tooele County there are 350 to 400 Indians, Goship Shoshones, who, though poor,are far betteroff than most Indians. They do a little farming, are anxious to own their land, and to be taught. Those at Deep Creek are much better off, and partly civilized. In Millard County, on the edge of Ifevada, there are a few very in- dustrious Indians, but there are white settlers who steal their water, and the Indians are in danger of being driven out by them. They are entitled to and should receive some protection from the Government. In San Pete County there are 115 Indians, Utes, who recognize no tribal relations. They own their own land, own stock, have houses, live at Indianola, in Thistle Yalley, and are doing well. I am informed that they are being taught polygamy by the Mormon missionary who lives with them. ' In Garfield County there are about 50 Indians, mostly in Potato and> Panguitch Valleys. In Sevier County there are 100 Indians in Grass and Eabbit Valleys ■who are totally neglected. In Kane County there are about 100 Indians. I am informed they practice polygamy. They are poor, and earn a precarious livelihood by making ditches, chopping wood, farming a little, etc., and hunting. In Iron County there are from 150 to 175 Indians who are destitute. In San Juan there are about 1(^0 Indians, part genuine Utes and part Moancoppy. They live by the chase and begging. In other counties small bands of Indians may be found, who, like most of the Indians not on the reservations, have abandoned their tribal relations. They are objects of pity, and their numbers are being rapidly reduced by disease. The Government ought to provide fop them in some way. EEMOTAL OF THE COLORADO UTES TO UTAH. A determined effort is now being made by prominent men of Colorado to have the Utes now located in southern Colorado removed to Utah. A commission was appointed to select a place and they chose San Juan 9589 UT— — 2 18 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. County, Utah. Their action was reported to Congress, but was not ratified. From information which I have received 1 am led to believe that the proposed removal will work, not only a hardship to the In- dians, but a great injustice to many deserving settlers who have made themselves homes^ and have built up large business interests m the lo- cality which it is now proposed' to turn over to the Indians to satisfy the selfish demands of the people of another State. These settlers have vested rights p-nd should receive just and equita- ble consideration by Congress. The people of Utah are almost unani- mously opposed to the bringing of these Indians to the Territory. I append to this report a le1;ter which I have received from P. A. Ham- mond, the probate judge of San Juan County, which presents the case of the settlers very clearly and pointedly. The^proposed treaty should not be ratified, and I enter a protest against it on behalf of the people of this Territory. BUSINESS PROSPERITY. Daring the past year the people have enjoyed unusual prosperity, the influence of which has been felt all over the Territory. In the princi- pal cities and counties there has been phenominal prosperity. Property has rapidly advanced in value and business has correspondingly in- creased. In Salt Lake City and Ogden a large number of new and val- uable buildings have been erected. There has been a constant tide of emigration pouring into these two cities, enough to effect in Ogden a complete political revolntion. The people of this rapidly growing city are active, persevering, and Industrious, and deserve the success which has come to them. It is expected that a like political revolution will take place at the municipal election to be held in Salt Lake City in February next. If this result is accomplished it will be because of the vigorous new ele- ment which is making its presence felt in the city and is putting new life into all the avenues of business. The growing prosperity ot the Territory has attracted thee attention of capitalists who reside in other States and Territories. They are in- vesting very largely in property, and are assisting in the development of our wonderful resources. Though there are many jarring interests in Utah, caused by the different habits and opinions of its inhabitants with respect to its material welfare, there seems to be a general feeling of unanimity. There is no more inviting field for the capitalist than is Utah. There are vast possibilities in the fields of industrial enterprise which are only waiting to bring wealth to those who develop them. Utah is rich in all of the material resources which tend to make a country great and powerful. There is no good reason why it should not enjoy for many years to come the stimulating influence of the swelling tide of prosperity which is now rolling over the Territory. The climate is unsurpassed, the material resources are unlimited, and lilfe and property are perfectly safe. These are conditions which ought to enable Utah to take her place in the march which the great West is making to future empire. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 19 BANK STATEMENT. I have received from the following-named banks the following state, ment of their business on June 30, 1889 : Name. Capital. Deposits. Increase of deposits. -Commercial National, Ogden $150, 000 260, 000 100, 000 60,li00 60, OOO 100, 000 400, 000 100, 000 200, 000 100,000' $364,673.60 1,566,379.91 541,662.91 154,000.00 18, 210. 00 97, 196. 18 985,461.63' 415, 000. 00 1, 200, 000. 00 539, 629. 6S Per cent. 70 40 61 60 .<• ■ \ 8 (*) 25 Beseret National, Salt Lake i. , First National, Ogden :.. First National, Provo J. W. Guthrie, CorinnA Thatcher Bros., Logan ITiiion National Bank, Salt Lake Utah National, Ogden ....... ^35 35 (t) Wells, Fargo & Co., Salt Lake t lion's Saving Bank, Salt Lake Total 1,500,000 5,882,213.61 * First year. tThe Salt Lake branch of 'WeUs, Fargo & Co. has no capital, 'bnt draws on the parent bank at San . Francisco. The $200,000 given is surplns. X Not given. THE EAILEOAD SYSTEM. The railroad system of Utah is herewith given. : .; ; \ From^ To— Miles of line. Koad. (D . ■a.a 1". CO Cnion Pacific ;. Wyoming line. . - Frisco Silver City Park City 73 280 .67 31 Utah Central . do ., Salt Lake a-nd Weatern LehiCity TJtah and Northern Idaho line *. 76 441 Denver and Rio Grande "Western : TMldin lino in TTtah > IP 17A Bingham Jnnction ...do Alta Pleasant Valley Jnnction . 368 West rn. Oeritral Pacific in ■Utah . . - . Nevada line — 157 Nephi 34 Salt Lake 6 Salt Lake and Park City ..do Park City ...... 12 593 660 The Denver and llio Grande Railway is now changing its line from narrow to broad or standard gauge. The total number of miles changed will be 345, at a contemplated cost of $7,500,000, and it is expected the work will be cortipleted about January 1, 1890. The widening of the gauge between Salt Lake and Ogden is now completed. 20 EEPORT OF THE GOVEENOK OF UTAH. The Salt Lake and Fort Douglas Railway now being constructed will connect Salt Lake City with the important mining town of Park City, and will prove of great importance in dereloping a very interesting and valuable tract of country. A company has been formed to build a railroad from Sioux City, Iowa, to Ogden and Salt Lake City, in Utah. Contracts have been let for grading, and it is expected the road will soon be la successful opera- tion. A company has also been formed to build a road from Salt Lake City to Evanston, Wyo., tapping the coal-fields in Chalk Creek. It is claimed that the coal in Chalk Creek is of a superior quality and can be mined very cheaply ; it is proposed to continue the road from Salt Lake City to the Nevada State line, and ultimately to the coast. Freight clasHfioation for twelve months of 1888 and 1889. shipped over the Union Paoifle Lines in Utah (not including Utah a/nd Nevada Bailway). Commodities. Ore and matte.- iTimber Grain .G-reen fruit and vegetables Coke Live stock -Sailding material Coal Kailway material Lucerne seed Wool and Mdes ." Limestone : . . . Machinery and Implements Beer Slag Bullion Slack Granite rook , Dried fruit Pounds, 72, 399, 032 37, 499, 028 11, 261, 982 9, 454, 473 3, 401, 040 16 '026, 700 8, 711, 743 111, 266, 761 4, 379, 960 1, 181, 988 6, 154, 602 24, 495, 266 926, 007 766, 290 3, 674, 085 9, 030, 215 348, 069 2, 981, 050 202, 472 Commodities. EoRk Poultry Charcoal Poats Sulphur Copper bullion Water .-' Junk Flout and mill stuffs Oil Tan bark Hay and straw Salt , Sulphate of soda Sundries Groceries Merchandise Total Pounds. 872, 428 40, 000 208, 270 400, 230 3, 423, 08& 146, 763 2, 292, 300 48, 400 2, 340, 080- 225, 260 795, 320 2, 761, 607 32, 850, 414 617, 250 5, 741, 671 4, 200, 890' 39, 287, 571 420, 302, 184 Statement of freight commodities shipped over the Bio Grande Western Mailway for the tioelve months ending June 30, 1889. Commodities. Tons. Commodities. Tons. ProductH of agriculture: 4,262 . 1,042 573 1,558 4,324 5,113 5,368 127 836 1,431 128 8, 586i 167, 024 18, 371 61, 159 12, 083 6,736 Products of forest— lumber 13,944 Manufactures: Flour 2,480 6,954 232 3,773 1,562 1,155 3,148 319 1,088 789 other mill products Hay Fruits and vegetables Canned goods Other castings and macMiiery Ear and sheet metal ...i Products of animals : Live stock Dressed meats ". . , '. other packing-house products Wool.'. :. Wagons, carriages, tools, etc Hides an d leather Household goods and furniture .... Merchandise Products of mines : 22 912 Miscellaneous, other commodities not mentioned above— powder, salt, etc .. Bituminous coal Coke and charcoal e,112i Ores 363,469 Stone, sand, and other articles REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 21 Statement affreight trafflo movement over Utah and Nevada Railway., July 1, 1888, to June 30, 1889. Conimodlties. Tons. Commodities. Tons. Orain 459 148 116, 22 102 3,670 5,856 1 533 426 49 37 131 184 145 Flour Hay Live stock Wool , 14 Bitnminous coal 3,364 475 Ores Bnllion Lumber 321 Ties . Total Posts and poles le, 474 Sugar THE LABOR SUPPLY. The number of men belonging to the trades-unions in Salt Lake City, is as follows : ' Members of trades-unions, federated 810 Members of trades-unions, not federated 515 Trades labor men not of trades-unions 1 900 In Ogden : Members of trades-unions federated 350 Members of trades-uuions not federated 1 135 The number of persons engaged in skilled and unskilled labor through- out the Territory I am unable to learn, and can give no estimate, having no data to base such an estimate upon. The number of skilled laborers is now about equal to the demand, excepting carpenters, brick and stone masons. The last-named trades are about 15 per cent, short of the actual demand. The supply in other branches is about equal to the demand. All skilled laborers can readily obtain work in Salt Lake City and Ogden. The following table will show the rate of wages paid for certain kinds of labor and the hours employed : Occupation. Wages per day. Houisper day. $4.50 to $5.50 2.75 to 3.60 3.50 to 4.00 2.50 1.60 to 2.00 3.00 to 3.50 4.00 to 4.50 •18.00 to *25.00 3.60 to 4-00 4.00 to '4.60 4.50 to 5.50 3.50 to 4.00 s 10 10 9 9 9 Plasterers - .. 9 9 9 Stone-cutters . 9 9 ? * Per we^. PISCICULTURE IN UTAH. \ For a number of years past the Government has been engaged in the free distribution of various kinds of fish, every State and Teirritory be- ing the beneficiary. The first fish received in Utah were German carp, 22 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. and the number received since the first distribution, in 1883, is as fol- lows : 1883 ' ' 1,800 1887,- 23,372 1884 ; 4,000 1885 8,500 1886 : 11,160 Nearly all these carp were put into private ponds— artificially pre- pared—by the applicants from every county in Utah, except Uintah and San Juan. n m Carp have also been planted in the following waters, as foilow;s : 1888 11.4-^0 1889 *9>640 Sevier River 500 Spanish Fork 500. Beaver River 500 Jordan River 1,000 Weber River 1,000 Bear River ---- l.^OO Draper Canal 500 Soipio Lake - 50t>' In the month of June, 1887, 1,000,000 shad fry were planted m the Jor- don Eiver. In ] 888, 2,000,000 shad fry were placed in the Utah Lake. In November, of 1888, a shad of the last planting was caught which had made very rapid growth, being about 6 inches long. This shad was expressed to the U. S. Fish Commissioner, at Washington, D. C, at his request. Further consignments of shad and white fish have been promised,^ which will be .put into Bear Lake, from which they will find their way to Bear River and its tributaries into Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah. NEW APPOKTIONICENT. At the election for members of the legislative assembly, in August last, the total vote cast was : FQr" councilors. Mormon 14,161 Gentile 6, 13& S^oattMng 199 Total ....: 20,49(> For representatives. Mormon 14,192 Gentile 6,054 Scattering , - 6& Total 20,312 This was the second election held under the apportionment made by the governor, secretary, and members of the Utah Commission under the provisions of section 22 of the Edmunds-Tucker act. The appor- tionment was made in the spring of 1887, and was based on the returns • of thn National Census of 1880. It is now seen that many counties have outgrown this apportionment, and do not receive the representation which their population entitles them to. In the third council district (Weber County) 2,638 votes were cast, 12.3 per cent, of the total vote. In the twelfth council dis- trict (Iron, Garfield, Kane, Washington, and San Juan Counties) 969 votes were cast, 4.2 per cent, of the total vote, a difference in the vote of two districts, having equal representation, of over 8 per cent, of the total vote. *Applied for. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 23 The six council districts >vhicli represent the most populous and prosperous portions of the Territory cast 12,100 votes; the reiaaiuing six, 8,127 votes. A like inequality is found to exist in the votes cast in the representa- tive districts. In the fourth district (Ogden City) 1,665 votes were cast, while in the twenty-third district (Iron and Garfield Counties and part of San Juan County) but 395 votes were cast, a difference in the vote of two districts having equal representation of nearly 8 per cent, of the total vote. I therefore deem it important and necessary that Congress should authorize a new apportionment to be made immedi- ately after the taking of the next national census, and by the same Federal agency, CERTAIN OFFICERS TO BE APPOINTED BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. There is an imperative necessity for some action that will help to build up a population in sympathy with the Government in those parts of Utah where a Gentile is as much a stranger as he would be were he in a foreign land. A great ma Salt Lake City, September 9, 1890. Sir : In compliailce with your request of July 28, 1890, 1 respectfully submit for your information the following report of affairs in Utah Ter- ritory during the past year : A census of the inhabitants of the Territqry was taken by the Govern- ment in the month of June last. I have not been able to secure an ac- curate statement of the population as shown by the returns now in the Census Ofilce at Washington. From iiiformation furnished to me by A. S. Condon, supervisor of, census for Utah, the population of the coun- ties appears to be as follows : County. Beaver Box Elder Caclie Da via Emery — Garfield * Grandt-- Iron Jnab Kane Millard ... Horgan . . . Piute .... Bioh Population, 1890. 1880. 4,354 3,918 7,722 6,761 15, 349 12, 562 6,788 8,279 4, 3i9 556 2,469 54i 3,658 4,013 5,591 3,474 4,711 3,085 3,881 3,727 1,996 1,783 2,821 1,651 1,838 1,363 County. Salt Lake... San Juan — San Pete — Sevier Summit Tooele Uintahl utkh. ..;.... Wahsatch . . "Washington Weber Total.. Population. 1890. 59, 521 460 16, 600 5,938 7,775 3,301 2,319 23, 390 5,113 5,736 22,901 220, 932 1880. 31, 977 204 11, 557 4,457 4,921 4,497 799 17,973 2,927 4,235 12, 344 143, 963 * Kew county, created iu 1882 from Iron County. t Kew county, created in 1890 fi-om Emery County. t Indian reservation not included. The above estimate does not include the military posts nor public and charitable institutions. If this showing is correct the Territory has increased in population 77,019 since June, 1880 ; about 55 per cent. The population in 1850 was 11,380; in 1860, 40,273 (increase 260 per' cent.); in 1870, 86,786 (increase 110 percent); in 1880, 144,963 (increase 66 per cent.). REPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. MORMON IMMIGRATION. Erom the year 1881 to the year 1889 the foreign-born population of the Territory has been increased by Mormon immigration 16,094. Dur- ing the present year the usual number of immigrants have arrived, mostly from Scandinavian countries. The average annual immigration to Utah of this character is about 1,800. It is ver^ largely assisted immigration, many of the immigrants paying their passage money after their arrival here by installments, or as they are able to do so from their earnings. POPULATION — ASSESSED VALUE OF PROPERTY AND INDEBTEDNESS OF CITIES AND TOWNS. Statement showing the population of the ini^orporated cities and toions of Utah Territory, the assessed value of the property, and the indebtedness of the same for the year 1890 and for 1889, together with the population in 1880 and 1890. Cities incorporated under ipe- cial charter. American Fork Alpine Beaver , Brieham City , Cedar City , OoalYille Corinne Ephraim Fairview Fillmore G-rantsville Hyrum KaysviUe Lehi City Lop:aa , Manti Mendon Moroni Mount Pleasant Morgan Ogden Park City Parowan Paj^aon Pleasant Grove Provo Riclifield Kichmond Salt Lake City Smithfleld Spanisli Fork ■ Spring City :,. Springville St. George Tooele City "Washington WpllsviUe "WiUard Cities and towns incorporated under general laws. liear River Fountain Green HeberClty Kanab Monroe Salem Nephi. Total Assessed valuation of property. $259, 950 70, 000 284, 878 316, 056 93, 180 193, 000 179, 093 131, 550 74, 000 111, 000 147, 662 121,667 219, 166 277, 426 1, 647, 278 254, 337 45, 000 79, 189 200, 000 (t) 7, 000, 000 1, 199, 556 101, 380 265, 000 321, 000 3, 169, 430 169, 539 75, 000 54, 353, 740 153, 390 216, 890 100, 000 420, 000 249, 905 117, 600 50, 000 114, 097 7.5, 135 15, 000 70, 783 (t) 43, QOO 75, COO 47,317 827, 324 73, 913, 927 1889. $220, 000 70, 000 251, 171 300, 000 113, 000 1461 000 162, 255 120, 000 80, 000 100, 000 150, 000 240, 80O 250, 000 270, 340 (') 225, 000 43, 000 90, 000 ■ 180, 000 127, 980 11, 400, 000 621, 666 100, 000 228, 000 228, 850 1, 000, 000 143, 521 116,750 16, 611, 752 147, 640 238, 932 67, 200 420, 000 242, 315 107, 909 53, 700 100, COO 73, 653 1,565 71, 420 (t) 46, 930 71, 000 5,000 {*) 30, 837, 289 Compared with for county pur- poses. Leas Lower Same Lower Lower Lowei Lower Lower Higher Lower Much lower Half One fourth.. Half Same Same Lower Same Same (*) Same (-) Lower Half Lower Same Same Much lower Higher Lower Lower Lower Higher Lower Lower Same Lower Same Lower Lower (*) Same ..' Higher Amount of indebt- edness (1890). $1, 100 150 None - . . None . . . $500 None ... None ... None . - . None . - . $1, 200 None ... None ... $5, OOO None .., (*) $6, 000 None ... None - . . None ... None .-. $150, 000 C) None ... (« None . . . $.3, 000 3N"one ... None , . . $4C0, OOO 937 Kone ... N"one ... $614 2,000 None ... Nooe ... $63 None .. None . . None .. None .. None . . None . . $12, 000 632, 664 Population. 1880. 1,825 319 1,911 1,877 691 911 277 1,698 863 087 1,007 1,234 1,187 1,538 3,396 1,748 543 838 2,004 433 6,069 1,342 957 1,788 1,776 3,432 1,197 1,198 20, 678 1,177 2,304 939 2,312 1, 332 918 483 1,193 412 340 691 1,291 394 744 510 1,797 80 810 1890. 2,07« 46S 1,785 2,918 1,474 1,26b 212 1,918 1,020 980 1,10* 1,30« 1,778 1.903 4,699 1,997 858 1,000 2,200 580 14,919 4,977 1,072 2,120 2,140 5,004 1,600 1,390 46,259 1,390 3,089 1,210 2,947 1,660 1,072 300 1,308 700 349 740 1,492 565 940 713 2,084 128, 150 * No report. t No assessment made. t$10,176 surplus on hand. 5 Surplus on hand. , EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. The figures given above, of population for 1890, are based on esti- mates made by Dr. A. S. Oondbn, census supervisor for the district of Utah. The increase of value of property over 1889, as shown by the assessment rolls, is 139.6 per cent. The increase of indebtedness over 1889 is 27 per cent. The increase of population, as shown by the figures above given, over 1880, is 58 per cent. REVENUE FOR 1889. Statement of the revenue from, the tax levy for the year 1889, at tlie rate of three-fifths of 1 per cent., for Territorial and school purposes. Cfounties. Valne of prop- erty assessed. Territorial and school tax. $637, 017. 00 2,457,015 00 2, 349, 670. 00 1,552,178.00 1,432.780.00 283, 712. 00 417, 411. 00 1,630,510.00 402, 145. 00 865, 647. 00 494, 930. 00 325,568.00 430, 677. 00 19,030,050.00 214, 068. 00 1,957,912.00 809, 475. 00 2, 157, 922 00 1, 220, 072. 00 332, 317. 00 4,287,433.00 666, 066. 00 675, 810. 00 5,353,415,00 $3, 822. 10 14, 742. 09 14, 098. 02 9,313.07 8, 696. 68 Box Elder , Cache Emery - , Garfield Iron 1 2, 604. 47 9,183,06 2, 412. 87 5,206.28 2, 969. 58 Juab ' Kane . Millfl.rfl . Mfircrn.-n . . ... Piute Eioh , 2, 584. 06 119,680.30 . I,6e4.06 11 747 47 San Pete , ^ 4, 856. 85 12, 947. 63 7,320.43 1,993 go Tooele . Uintah Utah 25,724.60 3, 996. 40 4, 054. 86 32,120.49 "Wasatch , , - "Weber .. Total for 1889 50, 833, 690. 00 47,106,102.00 305, 016. 14 282, 636. 61 Total for 1888 3,729,588.00 22, 379. 63 Or nearly 8 per cent. The assessors' tables, as returned to the county courts, showed a total in the Territory of $51,917,312.38|. This amount was reduced to the figures above given by the action of the equalizing boards. The assessed valuation for 1891, as shown in the table giving the val- natiion for the year by counties, is $104,758,755.06, The tax levy for the year at the rate fixed bylaw (one-half of 1 per cent.) will be $523,793.77, an increase over 1890 of 71.7 per cent. b EEPOET OF THE GpVERNOE OF UTAH. Statement showing total revenue for each year from 1854 and the total asaesied value of property from 1855. Tear. Territorial and school tax. Total Talue of property as- sessed. Tear. Territorial and school tax. i Total value of property as- sessed. 1854 $6,386.31 17, 348. 89 16, 999. 38 12, 892. 43 9, 032. 32 9, 957. 17 23, 369. 50 25, 160. 92 47,795.18 50,482.00 33,480.02 47, 269. 65 62, 338. 98 63, 2,39. 13 52,669.36 59, 968. 03 33, 639. 09 38, 163. 56 (*) $3, 469, 779. 00 2, 937, 977. 00 2,578,486.00 (•) 3,982,869.00 4, 673, 900. 00 5, 032, 184. 00 4, 779, 518. 00 5,048,200.00 6, 696, 004. 00 9, 463, 930. 00 10, 467, 786. 00 10, 647, 828. 00 10, 633, 872. 00 11, 393, 606. 00 13,456,636.00 15, 266, 424. 00 1872 1873 $43,976.40 53, 870. 87 57, 021. 45 58, 222. 95 50, 020. 11 56, 384, 15 146, 903. 77 149,910.43 151,385.21 153,495.40 174, 483. 93 185,006.55 203, 549. 64 208,931.72 214, 105. 93 227,361.48 283, 636. 61 305, 016. 14 $17, 590, 560. 00 1855 21,518,348.00 1856 1874 (*) 1857 1875 1876 23, 289, 180. 00 1858 23, 608, 064. 00 1859 1877 22, 653, 660. 00 1860 1878 24, 483. 957. 00 1861 1879 '.. 24, 985, 072. 00 1862 1880 25, ^2, 540. 00 1863 1881 25, 579, 234. 00 1864 1882 29, 080, 656. 00 1865 1883 30, 334, 425. 00 1866 1884 33, 934, 942. 00 1867 1885 . ... 34. 821, 957. 00 1868 1886 36, 684, 322. 00 1869 ._. . 1887 37, 893, 580. 00 46, 868, 247. 00 1870 1888 1871 1889 49, 883, 690. 00 * No data from which to obtaiu the amount. EEAL AND PERSONAL PROPEETY AND IMPEOVEMENTS 1890. Statement showing the assessed valuation of real and personal property, and improvements ill the several counties for 1890. County. Beaver liox Elder . - - Cache Davis....- ■Emery •Garfield Grand* Iron Juab Kane Millard !K[organ I'inte Kich , S-alt Lalie San Juan San Pete S,evier Summit Tooele Uintah- j.... trtah "Washington . "Wasatch "Weber Real prop- erty. $218, 818. 50 719, 998. 00 2, 795, 270. 00 }, 608, 603. 00 227, 080. 00 37, 961. 00 ' 540, 326. 00 123, 672. 00 1, 248, 865. 00 {127, 114. 00 {392, 814. 00 263, 246. 00 123, 021. 00 380, 648. 00 (ID 47, 600. 00 ;l, 914, 050. 00 423, 078. 00 1, 411, 018. CO 437, 340. 00 154, 468. 00 (ID 181, 420. 00 611, 66?. 00 10, 285, 422. 00 124,168,286.50 Improve- ments. $386, 086. 00 253, 045. 00 316,742.00 477, 375. 00 11, 165. 00 52, 782. 00 162, 871. CO 612, 112. 00 z 122, 860. 00 89, 073. 00 65, 440. 00 (ID 125, 716. 00 1, 210, 557. 00 290, 000. 00 81, 826. 00 (II) 209, 606. 00 157, 935. 00 1,696,066.00 6, 321, 153. 00 Personal property. $688, 966. 00 748, 483. 00 964,317.00 600, 423. 00 671,643.00 243, 906. 00 277, 389. 50 318, 460. 00 752, 797. 00 376, 038. OO 1, 058, 823. 00 149. 660. 00 298, 910. 00 231, 568. 00 (ID. 264, 964. 00 674, 108. 00 297, 163. 00 767, 607. 00 594, 165. 00 66, 103. 00 (ID 379, 775. 00 320, 646. 00 2,587,110.00 Total 1890. 13, 833, 114. 60 $1, 293, 859. 50 1, 821, 526. 00 4, 076, 329. 00 2, 686, 401. 00 909. 888. 00 334, 649. 00 817, 715. 50 605, 003. 00 2, 508, 774. 00 • 503, 162. 00 535, 511, 677, 62, 171, 312, 2, 588, 845, 3, 389, 1, 321, 302, 10, 216, 770, 990, 4,568, 765. 00 004. 00 556. 00 000. 00 464.00 158.00 957. 00 182. 00 605. 00 396. 00 916. 00 700. 00 236. 00 597. 00 104, 768, 750. 00 total 1889. $747, 119. 60 2, 474, 194. 00 2, 370, e";8. CO 1,568,719.00 1, 757, 477. 00 240, 831. 00 ■ (t) 440, 754. 00 1, 698, 194. 00 402,178.00 876, 671. 00 ^ 497, 287. 00 321,536.00 438, 645. 00 20, 730, 286. 66 264,069.00 1,768,002.00 810, 486. 00 2, 056, 941. 66 1, 218, 005. 00 332, 316. 00 4,436,866.00 668, 400. 00 675, 827. 00 6,221,849.00 51, 917, 312. 38} * Kew county. § Included in real property. t Included in Emery County. {Includes improvements also. II No report. Included in total. Increase in assessed valuation over preceding year $52,841,421.12, or 100.1 per cent. * KEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 7 UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE. Statement of the business of the United States land office at Salt Lake City, Utah, for the fiscal year ending June 30, liS90. Kind of entry. Number. Acreage. Amount. ' was appropriated for necessary buildings, which have been erected y and $15i000 for expenses. This institution will, I believe, prove to be a great benefit to the people. The soil and climate of Utah, because of the wonderful natural fea- tures, is very much diversified. The experiments to be made on the teoUege grounds will prove instructive and benefloial, and will give val- uable information to agriculturists. INSANE ASYLUM. Owing to the crowded condition of the present asylum building (the southern wing) it was found necessary to complete the building, and the sum of $163,000 was appropriated for the purpose. The main building and northern wing are now being erected. When completed the asylum will rank in point of completeness with alnlost any other like building in the West, if not in 'the country. Certainly no Territory, and many States, have not provided as complete a build- ing for the care and treatment of the insane. CAPITOL GROUNDS. t The legislature did not see its way clear to provide for the erection' of a Capitol building. It, however, authorized the Capitol Building Com- mission to accept a plan for the proposed building, and appropriated $10,000 for the improvement and care of the capitol grounds. AGKICULTaRAL EXPOSITION BUILDING. The sum of $34,217.42 was appropriated to meet a deficit, and for the erection of the southern wing to the main building. An annual fair will be held about the 1st of October. The indications are that it will prove to be one of the most successful ever held. ROADS AND BRIDGES. The sum of $47,500 was also appropriated for the purposes of im- proving roads and bridges in the different counties. About fifteen hundred Indians, remnants of former Pi Ute, Sho- shone, Pah Vants, Piedes and Ute tribes, are to be found scattered throughout the Territory, mostly in the southern and eastern counties.^ About six hundred of these obtain a livelihood by farming, raising live stock, etc., and are gradually becoming accustomed to peaceful pursuits. The remainder are engaged in fishing, hunting, begging and, too often, stealing. As a rule their condition is a pitiable one, but they must be seen before their condition can be appreciated. They long ago renounced their tribal relation and now roam at will. They are de- graded and very ignorant. I again recommend that the Government provide in some way for ' their care and support. •REPOKT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 13 Several petitions have been presented to me signed by citizens re- siding in Grand and San Juan counties, asking me to lay before the De- partment of the Interior the fact that straggling bands of Ute Indians from the Uintah Eeservation in Utah and the Pine Eidge Eeser- vation in Colorado, and the Navajo Eeservation in New Mexico, are committing serious depredations upon the property of residents in the counties named; that they are stealing horses, killing cattle, stealing produce from the farms and killing game for the hide alone. It is rep- resented that large number of deer are being killed and that, in fact, they are being exterminated. It is further represented that they are a cause of fear to the settlers, and give aid and assistance to the thieves and outlaws who are said to infest this section of the country, and are a menace and hindrance to the ofiflcers of the law in their efforts to apprehend and bring to justice these outlaws. These complaints are annually made, and for good cause. For some reason, during the summer season, the rule seems to be relaxed,, and these stragglihg bands are allowed to leave their reservations. The portion of the country which is thus menaced by these Indians has only been settled within the past few years. If the settlers are afforded protection their number will rapidly increase. REMOVAL OP THE COLORADO UTES TO UTAH. The effort which is being made by certain citizens of Colorado to have the Southern Colorado Utes removed to Utah, has so far been unsuc- cessful, though still persisted in. The legislative assembly of this Territory at it^ last session adopted a memorial to Congress protesting against the proposed removal on the ground that the proposition receives no support from the citizens of the Territory, and that the feeling against it is universal and strong. The memorial further rep- resented that the removal would work injustice and hardship to many deserving settlers; that valuable rights would have to be relinquished; that importaht and extensive rt^sources, both natural and agricultural, would have to be abandoned, and would remain uncteveloped; and that the presence of these Indians would be a menace and a hindrance to the settlement of the country. These are strong reasons, and are entitled to careful consideration. When it is remembered that quite a large portion of the limited amount of land available for settlers is now embraced within two Indian reservations in T]tah,it will, I think, be admitted that Utah has now her share of Indians^ and should not be made to receive more at the selfish behest of a neighboring State. 14 REPORT OF THE GOVEENOK OF UTAH. THE MINING INDUSTRY. Statement showing value and amount of the prinHpal mineral product of Utah from 1879 to 1889, hoth Inclusive. Eefined lead. trnreflned lead. Aiuount. Value. Amount. Value. 1879 Pounds. 2,301,276 ^, 892 498 2,645,373 8, 213, 798 3, 230, 547 4, 840, 987 $103, 557. 42 144, 624. 90 145,495.51 410,690.00 161.527.00 169, 434. 54 Pounds. 28, 315, 359 , 25, 657. 643 38,222,185 52, 349, 850 63,431,964 56, 023, 893 54,318,776 48, 456, 280 45, 878, 981 44, 587, 157 59, 421, 730 $592, 095. 57 1880 . 841,44L75 1881 955,554.62 1882' 1.361,096.00 1883 1,585,799.00 1884 . . . 980, 4ia 12 1,222,176.45 1886 208, 800 2, 600, 000 9, 667. 44 111,750.00 1,405,231.54 1887 1,198, 788. 7r 1888 1,203,313.23 1889 2,359,540 89,862.52 1, 378, 684. 13 Total 29, 192, 819 1, 348, 409. 33 514,443,778 12,522,499.19 • Silver. Gold. Copper. Amount. Value. Amount. Value. Amount. Value. 1879 Ounces. 3, 732, 247 3, 663, 183 4, 958, 345 5,435,444 4, 531, 783 5, 669, 4C8 5, 972, 689 5, 918. 842 6, 161, 737 6, 178, 855 7, 147, 651 $4, 106, 351. 70 4, 029, 501. 30 5, 603, 782. 95 0, 114, 874. 00 4, 984, 930. 00 8, 123, 047. 04 6, 211, 598. 58 5,860,837.34 6, 976, 884. 89 5, 787, 527. 51 6, 656, 254 65 Ounces. 15, 732 8,020 6,982 9,039 6,991 5,530 8,903 10, 577 U, 387 13, 886 24, 975 $298,908.00 100, 400. 00 139, 810. 00 180, 780. 00 139, 820. 00 110, 600. 00 178, 060. 00 211,540.00 227, 740. 00 277, 720. 00 499,500.00 Pounds. 1880. 1881 1882 605, 880 $75, 735. O* 1883 1884 1885.: 63,372 6,337.20 1886 2,407,5.'i0 2, 491, 320 2, 886, 816 2, 060, 792 144,453.06 124 566. 60 1887 ■ 1888 1889 288, 681. 60 206, 079. 2» Total 59, 370, 244 81, 355, 576. 94 122, 022 2, 424, 708. 00 10, 515, 730 845, 852. 0* The lulniDg industry, like the agricultural, is always producing, but only after hard and unremitting toil on the sides and in the depths of almost inaccessible mountains. Since the year 1878, calculating from> the most reliable data I can obtain, the yield of gold, silver, lead, and copper, as shown in the above table, has amounted to $78,495,045,46, The yield in 1878 was $5,100,' 112.69; in 1889, $8,830,080.50, an increase of ov^r 73 per cent, in eleven years. A large proportion of this amount, , at least 60 per cent., has been expended for labor and supplies, thus affording a home market for surplus labor and products. The mining industry has been to a very large extent the basis of all the real prosperity which has come to the Territory. Commencing with the discovery of gold in California, which caused a ceaseless tide of emigra- tion to flow through the valley of Utah, where thousands of dollars Avere spent for supplies to last them ou their journey to the coast, down to the present time, this industry has been constantly adding to the material prosperity of the Territory. During the past year the miners have been very successful. Many important discoveries have been made in different mining camps. The action of Congress in passing the silver bill and the anticipated legislation imposing a tariff on lead ores imported from other countries has had a stimulating and beneficial effect, and it is probable the West is about to e?:perience a revival of the mining industry on an extensive scale. REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 15 METAL PRODUCT FOR 1889. I am indebted to Mr. J. B. Dooly, the eashier of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s bank at Salt Lake City, for the following very valaable and compre- hensive statement of the mineral product of the Territory : Wells, Fargo ^ Dwell- ings. Value. Business houses. Value. OiUes mid towns incorporated und&c general laws. 1 $100 1 ttl 2 Fonntain G-reen 12 000 16 3 8 31 7 ' 16,606 1,500 6,000 26,4S0 1,800 ilsoo Kanab Nephl .' 4 1 14, 950 SiJem Total 2,741 4,473,179 402 4, 626, 960 ft One sohool'liouse, value $2,500. The above information was principally obtained from the m ayors of the cities. BANK STATEMENT. I have received from the following-named banks the following state- ment of their business on June 30, 1890 : D^ame. Capital. 1890. Deposits. 1889. Increase. Union National Bank, Salt Lake . . Deseret National Bank, Salt Lake. Park City Bank Deseret Savinea Bank First National Bank, Ogden First National bank, Provo J. W.Gutkrie, Corinne Thatcher Bros., Logan t »^ell8, Fargo & Co., Salt Lake J ^ Zion's SaTing Bank, Salt Lake. — Payson Exchange Savings Bank .. GommerciE^l National, Ogden§ $400, 000 250, 000 30, 000 100, 000 SO, 000 50, 000 100, 000 200, 000 100, 000 Utah I^ational, Ogden National Bank of the Republic, Salt ' Lakell -, State Bank of Utah, Salt Lake I Utah CommeroiW. and Savings Bank, Salt Lake •- Utah Title Insurance and Trust Com- ■ pany Savings Bank|| Commercial National, Salt Lake Ogden State Bank Utah County Savings Bank Ogden Savings Bank Provo Commercial and Savings Bank.. Citizens' Bank, Ogden Nephi National Bank IT U-tah NationaJ/Salt Lake 150, 000 100, 000 $400, 000 260, 000 30, 000 *100, 000 ISO, 000 50, 000 BO, 000 100, 000 200, 000 100, 000 *25, 000 250, 000 100, 000 "500, 000 *600, 000 *200, 000 *160, 000 *250, 000 *103, 750 *30, 000 *57, 780 *75, 000 $985,461.53 1, 566, 379. 91 641, 662. 91 154, 000. 00 18, 210. 00 97, 196. 18 1, 200, 000. 00 539, 629. 58 364, 673. 50 415, 000. 00 $1, 586, 570. 99 1,625,311.79 102, 578. 56 506,491.24 603, 003. 00 175,000.00 21, 800. 00 231,416.00 1, 484, 574. 67 911, 193. 57 *10, 988. 37 390,744.58 535,000.00 Pereent. SO 11 14 20 138 23 7 28 , *178, 010. 09 *300, 502. 66 *330, 000. 00 *160, 657. 31 •58,672.39 *134, 885. 70 ♦50, 645. 80 50,000 Total labSaltJ 50, 000 *200, 000 212,960.91 •81,686.47 40 3, 951, 530 5, 882, 213. 61 9, 572, 286. 45 * First year. t Capital increased $50,000 July 1, 1890. , J The Salt Lake branch of Wells Fargo & Co. has no capital, but draws on the parent bank in San '— The $200,000 given is surplus. Fraucisco. 5 Surplus $50,000, fi Opened tV>r business after July 1, 1890, irSurplns $25,000. Increase in number of banks reporting, 15; increase of capital over amount given in report for 1889, 61.1 per cent.; increase of deposits 62.7 per cent. / 20 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. Statement showing the amowHi of salt prodmeg.by evaporation of the waters of Salt Lake during the year 1889. Adams & Kiesel Salt Company, Syracuse ^o'^c? Deseret Salt Company, Farmington '- "> 051 Jeremy & Co., North Point 10,000 G William Bros., Hooper 6,000 Inland Salt Cotnpany, Saltair - 40,000 People's Forwarding Company, Lake Shore - 6,000 A. H. Nelson, Brigham City 2,500 Total SB, 551 The production from the waters of the Salt Lake, by evaporation, was commenced by the first settlers in the Salt Lake Valley. Since then the industry has grown to quite large proportions. Along the shores of the lake salt farms have been taken up. These farms are divided into blocks of 2 or more acres. A hard bottom is prepared and the salt water is run in to the depth of about 6 inches. Because of the dry atmosphere the salt crystallizes rapidly. As soon as a sur- face of salt is formed the water is drawn off, and, after a day or two, ■ the salt is gathered into piles and is finally shipped to the minii\g camps, where it is used for chloridizing ores, and to points east and west. When the crude salt is refined it makes a superior artitjle of table salt. The price of the crude salt now ranges from $1 to $2 per ton, but the price is being reduced by competition. In the near future salt will be produced from the waters of the lake, which are, according to the latest tests, about IS per cent, salt, on a very large scale. The crude methods now used will be succeeded by more complete methods, and refined salt will be supplied to the West. I am informed that salt refined by the Deseret Salt Company, one of the largest on the lake, was sent to the Armour Packing Company, at Kansas City, and was pronounced to be a very superior article for curing meats, and that if it could be supplied at anything like the price of Eastern salt they would buy it. The long freight haul, however, is against the Salt Lake industry. List of companies organized and incorporated in Utah Territory and filed in the office of the Secretary thereof during the year ending July 1, 1890. MINING COMPANIES. Albion Mining Company - Clayton Mining and Smelting Corapany Consolidated Jnlian Lane Silver Mining Company Cbalte Ureet Coal and Mining Company , Carbonite Hill Consolidated Mining Company Glencoe Gold and Silver Mining Company Gold .Note Mining and Milling Company Jnmbo Gold Company Mill Fork Stone Company , Mercur Gold Mining and Milling Company Northera fipy Mining Company , Nephi Plaster and Mannfactnring Company Neplii Salt Mining and Manufacturing Company Ogden Natural Gas and Oil Company , Ogden Coal Company Putnam Mining ^Company _,. Sears Lime and Itook Company South Eoik Consolidated Mining Company , Sparrow Hawk Mining Cotppany , Salt Lake LitbofjntphiDg Stone and Marble Company Treasure Consolidated Gold and Silver Mining Company Total capitalization -No. of shares. 500 2,500 26, 000 100, 000 100, 000 100, 000 100, 000 200, 000 50, 000 200, 000 100. 000 1,000 250 200, 000 500 100, 000 400 50, 000 200,000 160, 000 250, 000 Par value of capital stock. $50, 000 250, 000 500, 000 50, 000 1, 000, 000 2, 500. 000 1, 000, 000 2, 000 000 60, 000 5, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 100, 000 25, 000 200, 000 6,000 1, 000, 000 40, 000 60, 000 100, OOO 150, 000 2, 500, 000 17, 670, 000 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 21 List of companies organized and incorporated in Utah Territory, etc. — Continued. MANUFACTTJBmG COMPANIES. Anderson Pressed Brick Company Boyle Fumitnre Company Deseretand Salt Lake Agricultural and Manufacturing Company. KUmore Roller Mill Company Great Salt Lake Salt Company , Idaho Milling, Grain, and Power Company .-. KaysTille Brick and File Manufacturing Company Lay ton Milling and Elevator Company Mountain Ice and Cold Storage Company Odgen Saddlery and Harness Manufacturing Company Ogden Clay Company Pittsburgn Fire Clay and Brick Company Park City Ice Company Biverside Milling and Elevator Company Salt Lake Stone Sawing Company ' Standard Bed Brick Company Salt Lake Construction Company Totman House Building Company ITtah Manufacturing and Building Company Xrtah Canning Company trtali Mattress and Manufacturing Company TJtali Sugar Company Western Cement Company Total capitalization . No. of shares. 500 1,500 10, 000 1,500 15, 000 1,000 600 500 10, 000 1,000 2,000 10,000 1,000 60 2S, 000 120 5,000 1,000 2,000 500 800 1,500 1,000 Par value of capital stock. $50, 000 150, 000 50, 000 15, 000 150, 000 50, 000 30, 000 500, 000 100, 000 2,^ ooo 100, 000 100, 000 10, 000 30, 000 25, 000 12, 000 50, 000 50,000 ,200, 000 ■ 50, 000 30, 000 15, 000 10, 000 ■ 1,797,000 LAND, STOCK, AND WATER COMPANIES. Bnckhorn Reservoir and Canal Company Bear Lake and River Water Works and Irrigation Company . Bear Ei ver City Irrigation and Manufacturing Company Cache Yalley Land and Stock Association Fulton Middlemiss Land Company Farmington Stock and Dairy Association Glasgow Cansd and Irrigation Company Hydraulic Canal Company losepa Agricultural and Stock Company J. S. Painter Town Lot Company Mutual Stock Association Martin and Drake Live Stock Association N. Farr Land ^rust and Loan Company Newton Irrigation Company North West FieM Canal Company Parowan Co-operative Sheep Raising Company Pavette. River Casal and Land Improvement Company Plain City Land and Stock Association Snake River Canal and Power Company Tooele City Water Company Utah Water Company - • Wellington Irrigation Company - - Total capitalization . 4,000 21, 000 2,500 1,000 1,000 • 200 20, 000 150, 000 3,000 1,000 5,000 800 500 1,000 200 500 10, 000 400 100, 000 250 30, 000 1,000 100, 000 2, 100, 000 25, 000 50, 000 100, ooe 20, 000 2, 000, 000 150,000 75, 000 100, 000 50, 000 80, 000 50, 000 10, 000 10, 000 50, 000 100, 000 30, 000 1, 000, 000 25, 000 3, 000, 000 10, 000 9, 135, 000 MERCANTILE COMPANIES. H. S. Blake & Co., incorporated BaUantyne Brothers Lumber Company . . . Bas I -Marahall Mercantile Company B.K. Bloch&Co Boyle &Co Carver Grocery Company Charleston Co-operative Dalley, Higbee & Co i-.-r Daltoh, Nye & Cannon Company E. C. Coffin Hardware Company John Adams & Sons Company.- Kelly & Co King Mercantile Company Mansfield, Mnrdock & Co Ogden Lumber Company Ogden Equitable Cooperative Association Ogden Commission Company 250 25, 000 600 60, 000 2,000 100, 000 500 50, 000 1,000 100, 000 100 10, 000 2,000 10, 000 400 10, 000 200 20, 000 1,000 100, 000 500 oO, 000 350 35, 000 500 50, 000 200 20, 000 2,500 25, 000 5,000 50, 000 200 10, 000 22 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. * List of companies organized and incorporated in Utah Territory, etc. — Continued. MEECANTILB COMPANIES— ContJnTied. Provo City Lumber Company , Salt Lake Hardwiare Company .'.'. Snyder, & Koblneon Hardware Company ■ Tenth Ward Lumber and Building Association. Union Mercantile Company "Western Slioe and Dry Goods Company Wallace, Smain &Co Total capitalization. No. of Bbares. Par value of capital stock. $15, 000 75, 000 25, 000 30, 000 25, 000 50, 000 lOOj 000 1, 045, 000 BANKS. Ogden State Bank Ogden Savings Bank Provo Commercial and Savings Bank. Pavson Exchange Savings Bank State Bank of iJtah trtah County Savings Bank Total capitalization.. 1,000 750 750 250 5,000 300 100, 000 75, 000 75,000 25, 000 50, 000 30, OOO 355, 000 MISCELLANEOUS COEPOEATIONS. Box Elder Building, Benefit, and Loan Association C. E. Mayue Company Commerce Block Association. ... Citizens' Electric Light Company .'. IFourth Ward Amusement Company Grand Hotel Company Inter- Mountain Printing and Publishipg Company Little Gem Li^ht and Heating Company Mountain Summer Besort Company Merchants' Collection and Detective Company Millard Investment Company .- National Building and Loan Association of Salt Lake Ogden Military Academy Ogden Investment Company ggden and Hot Springs Health Eesort Company gden Syndicate Investment Company. . - Ogden Power Company Ogden Marriage Endowment Company Pacific Investment Company Pioneer Loan and Homestead Association Swan, Holmes & Co., incorporated Salt Lake Valley Loan and Trust Company Salt Lake Stock Exchange ^ Salt Lake Building and Loan Association , Salt Lake Fraternal and Mutual Accident Association... Salt Lake Lithographing and Publishing Company Salt Lake Abstract, Title, Guaranty and Trust Company . Security Abstract Company Utah Mortgage Company ., Utah Improvement and Construction Company Wasatch Publishing Company 1,000 1,000 1,250 1,200 100 1,340 150 1,000 200 100 5,000 100, 000 500 1,500 2,000 800 2,500 200 3,000 50, 000 30 3,000 100 10,000 Total capitalization . 600 1,000 750 150 50 1,000 100, 000 100, 000 125, 000 30, 000 5,000 134, 000 15, 000 10, 000 20, 000 10, 000 50, 000 10,000,000 25, 000 15, 000 200, OUO 80, 000 250, OOb 20, 000 300, 000 5, 000, 000 1,500 300, 000 10, OOO 1, 000, 000 Mutual. 30 000 100, 000 76, 000 IS, 000 5,000 5,000 18, 030, 600 Total nunjber of companies incorporated, 126 ; total capitalization, $47,932,000. REPORT OF* THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. THE RAILROAD SYSTEM. The railroad system of Utah is herewith given: 23 From — To- Miles of line. Koad. Gauge, 4 feet 8^ inches. Gauge, 3 feet. TTnioB Pacific- Main line in Utah J Ogden Wyoming line 73 280 62 31 Ogden LehiCity Echo . Salt Lake and 'Western Echo and Park City Park City XTtah and Nevada J. Salt Lake 87 TTtali and ITorthern Ogden ............ 7fl San Pete Valley 34 Total Union Pacific 441 147 Colorado Line... I. Salt Lake Denver and lUo Grande Western- Main Line in Utali 310.1 16.3 18.2 17.3 6.1 f Bingham Branch Little Cottonwood Bingham Janction Pleasant Valley Junction. Alta Pleasant Valley Oonl Mines rna,l Minna Total Denver and Eio Grande West- 868 Nevada Line Fort Douglass *- Central Pacific in Utah... 157 ( Salt Lake 9 Utah Central < Salt Lake Park City 31 I Salt Lake Mill Creek 8 Grand total 966 187 The line from Ogden to the Idaho line is now being changed to broad ^ange. The work will be completed about November 1, 1890. The line from Salt Lake City to Frisco is being extended to Pioche, Nev., about 100 miles. ^ The street-raAVroad system. ' No. miles run by electricity. No. miles mnhy horses. No. miles run by steam motor. Total. Salt Laike City* 24 4 6 ' 28 9 5 16 5 24 10 14 48 * About 10 miles more of railway to be run by electricity are now being built. Transfer lines are also being constraoted to different points outside of the city. tArrangements are about being made to change the larger part of the service to electric service. A motor line 8 miles in length running north firom the city une to the hot springs is nearly completed. 24 REPORT' OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Freight olassifioations for twelvemonths ending Jy,ne SO, 1889, and 1890, shipped over the Union Pacific lines in Utah. Commodities. Hardware Wool and hided Floiir and mill stuff Grain Green ftait and vegetables 0reand matte Hay and straw -.. Coal tive-stock Building material Kail way material Alfalfa seed Ijimestone -^ Machinery implements Salt Plaster Dried fruit Poultry Junk Pounds. 11, 11, 13, 20, 261, e, 115, 33, 28, 9, 2, 30, 1, 91, 4, 9,213 112, 627 467, 445 801, 005 466, 882 348, 795 056, 651 203, 904 250, 720 151, 547 461, 593 048, 341 179, 600 561,000 439, 72S 779, 100 285, 000 52, 156 920, 950 Commodities. Eggs Lumber Beer Marble Oil Bullion Coke Posts Slag ,. Granite rock Water Sulphur Groceries -.- Merchandise. Sundries Ties Total.. Pounds. 143, 795 30, 000, 000 793, 715 24,950 3, 500, 000 11, 682, 430 295, 655 2, 061, 400 1, 944, 700 1,028,000 3, 520, 000 97,760 12,460,139 60, 501, 404 16,941,324 380, 150 777, 971, 796 Statement of commodities shipped over the Bio Grande Western Railway for the twelve months ending June 30, 1890. Commodities. Products of agricultnre: Grain Flour Other mill products Hay .. Fruits and Tegetables Canned goods Products of animals: Livestock Dressed meats Other packing-houae products Wool .: Hides and leather. . .« Products of mines: Anthracite coal Bituminous coal Ores Stdne, sand and clay Bullion J Tons. 13, 095 11, 355 580 3,857 2,201 3,806 6,413 282 1,013 1,161 202 7,584 145, 601 57, 683 Commodities. Coke and charcoal Products of forests : lumber Manufactnres: Petroleum and oils Sugar Iron, pig and bloom Other castings and machinery. Bar and sheet metal.^ tJement,, brick, and lime Agricultural implements Wagons and carriages Wines, liquors, and Deers HoDsehold goods and furnitnre Iron and steel rails Merchandise Misoellaneons Total , Tons. 22, 910 20,259 3,251 5,165 465 2,293 1,903 9,329 727 1,143 1,394 1,634 1,824 28, 902 5,764 382. 502 THE LABOR SUPPLY. The number of men belonging to the trades-unions in Salt Lake City and Ogden is as follows : Salt Lake — Members of trades unioQS, federated 1, 475 Members of trades-ufiiions, not federated 640 Trades labor men not members of trades-unions, about 800 Ogden — Members of trades-unions, federated, about 640 Members of trades-unions, not federated, about 275 Total 3,830 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 25 The following statement will show the rate of wages paid for certain kinds of labor, and the hours employed : Wages per week. Wages per day. Hours em- ployed. $4. 50 to $6. 00 2. 50 3. 00 3. 50 4. 00 3. 50 4. 00 9 !3rick-malcer8... , 9 Blaeksmitlis 10 9 $20. 00 to $26. 00 *60. 00 76. 00 8 10 Boot and slioemakers 2. 75 3. 00 2.25 2.75 2.75 3.00 3.00 3.50 3. 00 3. 50 2.25 2.50 3. 50 4. 00 10 10 Hod-oarriers 9 ' 9 liathers 9 Ijaborers '...., 1 9 10 18.00 25.00 9 4. 00 4. SO 3. 00 3. 50 4. 00 4. 50 4. 00 4. 50 4.60 5.50 2.00 3. 50 4. 00 8 FaiBters 9 8 Stone cutters . . 9 9 9 9 * By the month. The supply of skilled laborers is now about equal to the demand, ex- cepting brick-and stone-masons ; this class of labor is probably 20 per cent, short of the demand. But few strikes have occurred in the Territory during the past sea- son, and they have proved of short duration and resulted in a victory of the laboring men. The trades striking were the carpenters, plumb- ers, hod-carriers, aiid plasterers. The strikes were settled by arbitra- tion. It is estimated that there are about four hundred and fifty trades- union men, outside of Salt Lake and Ogden cities, and about eight hun- dred miners belonging to a Miners' Union. It is proposed by the lead- ers of these unions to as soon as possible organize in all the cities and towns iu the Territory. PISCIOTJLTUEE. Since my last report the General Government has sent into the Terri- tory about 6,000 carp, all of which were put in private ponds. It was confidently expected that a large consignment of shad fry would have been sent into the Territory last June, but, unfortunately, unfavorable conditions caused a cessation of shad propagation and distribution, and prevented the expected shipment. One and possibly two car-loads of Mississippi fish are expected here in a few days from Quinoy, III.; they will be placed in Bear and Utah Lakes and the Weber Eiver. There is abundant proof that the shad fry put into the Jordan River and Utah Lake in 1887-'88 are making rapid growth. We are promised for the next season a car of white fish from the Northern lakes and a further consignment of shad. ^ The legislative assembly has provided for the protection ot the fish placed in the waters of the "Territory. CERTAIN OFFICERS TO BE APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR. I recommended in my report for last year that some Federal agency be authorized by Congress to appoint the following county officers : Select men, clerks, recorders, superintendents of district schools, and assessors. 26 KEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. This recommendation received the approval of the Judiciary Com- mittee of the Senate of the United States, and was embodied in a bill reported from the committee to the Senate, and placed on the Calendar. The bill provides that the governor shall make the appointments, sub- ject to confirmation by the Utah Commission. It is the opinion of the non-Mormons that such a law would be a very effective aid to the Gov- ernment in its work of reforming Utah, and removing the extraordi- nary and opposing conditions whicli have taken deep root in its political system. The general eiJect of such a law would be to place in the hands of men loyal to the Government, in every respect, the control of the twenty- five county governments. This control would mean the administration of county affairs, the appointment of road supervisors and other dis- trict officers, the filling of vacancies in county and precinct oflftces, the appointment of examiners to examine applicants for employment as school teachers, the assessment of property, etc. It would leave the oflSces of collector, treasurer, sheriff, surveyor, cor- oner, and prosecuting attorney to be filled by election by the people. / To persons who are acquainted with the situation it seems to be ab- solutely necessary that a population should be built up in the counties in sympathy with the G overnment. To-day, in the great majority of the municipal subdivisions, the Mormon people are in undisturbed control. If the Government ever expects to make a complete and thorough re- form it must have here a population in sympathy with that reform. There is now no inducement to any one to desert the ranks of Mormon- ism, in a political sense. The Mormon who pays his tithing to an or- ganization which defies the law, and votes for and supports that organ- ization, occupies the same political plane and enjoys the same' political privileges as the American citizen who has been taught to believe that unqualified allegiance to Government should be exacted from every man who enjoys the political privileges conferred by that Government. It seems to be an anomalous condition of affairs which draws no line between the open friend aud the covert enemy. When it is remembered that apostasy from Mormonism involves loss of friends, in many cases deprivation of means of support, and many hardships, it will, I think, be conceded that every encouragement should be offered to the apos- tate. I-also cill attention to the necessity of a reapportionment of the Territory into legislative districts. The facts presented in my last re- port clearly show this necessity. The bill reported by Senator Ed- munds provides for this. THE POLITICAL SITUATION. In my last report it was stated that at the municipal election held in the city of Ogden, in February, 1889, the Liberal party (non-Mormon^ carried the city by 433 majority, and that at the election for members of the legislative assembly held in August, 1889, the Liberals again car- ried Ogden, and also carried Salt Lake City by 41 majority. Tlie opinion was also expressed that at th(; municipal election to be held in Salt Lake City, in February, 1890, the Liberal party would carry the city. The election was held, and after one of the most exciting contests in the history of the Territory, which awakened national interest, the Liberals were victorious by 807 majority. This was the first time in the history of the city that it passed frqm under Mormon control. The two most important cities in the Territory in point of population aud wealth, and educational and commercial REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH 27 interests are now controlled and governed by the non-Mormons. This result has made a deep and lasting impression upon the political situa- tion, and will exercise a strong influence upon the political future of tlie Territory. Much will depend upon the manner in which the Liberal party will administer the affairs of these cities. If they are wisely man- aged it will strengthen the party in the other portions of the Territory. At the school election for trustees held in the Territory in July last the non-Mormons elected a majority in Salt Lake and Ogden cities. At the general election held in the Territory on the first Monday of August last for county officers, the People's party carried twenty-one and the Liberal party four counties by the following majorities, giving in each county the highest majority received by any one candidate : VI People's party. Liberal , party. People's party. Liberal party. Beaver* 269 283 904 377 303 166 34' Salt Lake 117 24 1,000 312 Cache* San Pete* Davis* 538 Garfield* ,- Tooele* . - . 216 190 1,365 233 343 tJintaht Iront 179 148 124 262 207 86 107 Utah* Jnabt Wasatcht Hillardf Weher 2e» Total Pitrtet 7,088 968 ■Rich A Mormon piajority in the Territory of 6, 130. * There was no active campaign by the Liberals, though opposing candidates were voted for. t No opposition to the People's party. 5 In this county the Liberal party is said to have 100 majority at this time. The Liberal party was not thoroughly united in Salt Lake, Weber, and Juab counties because of divisions. It only elected six of nine can- didates in Salt Lake County, losing three important offices ; seven of ten candidates in Weber County, losing three important offices, and was defeated for every office in Juab County. In Salt Lake County after the Liberal candidates were nominated a " workingmen's meeting " was called and an opposition ticket nomi- nated composed of Mormons and Gentiles. The people's party subse- quently indorsed the opposition ticket, with one exception. 1 am informed that prominent leaders of the People's party made a secret arrangement with the promoters of the " workingmen's meet- ing," by which the political combination was effected, its object being to defeat the entire ticket of the Liberal party, if possible. , In the four counties carried by the Liberal party there was returned by the census of 1890, as shown elsewhere in this report, a population of 90,738; in the twenty-one counties carried by the Mormons, a popu- lation of 130,194. These figures show that while in the more thickly- settled counties the two political parties are about evenly divided, in the agricultural or more remote counties, the People's party is over- whelmingly in the majority ; that in the Liberal counties the majority is 9 per cent., and in the People's party counties 52 per cent, of the total vote. These facts emphasize the conclusion stated in my last report, that those who expressed the opinion that because of the victories in Ogden and Salt Lake cities, the Mormon rule was at an end in Utah, were in error ; that it will be many years yet before the Gentiles will be in th& 28 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. majority. These conclusions 1 still adhere to and believe that time will prove them to be correct, unless Congress shall by appropriate legislation hasten the end. THE MORMON PEOPLE. Eefening to the characteristics of the Mormon people in my last re- port 1 said : The early Mormons were mainly native Americans and religious euthnsiasts ; that under a vigorous system of proselyting they had been largely recruited from all parts of the world; that either bjL chance or from policy these recruits had been gathered from the parts of the country where the average rate of intelligence is the lowest; that for a long time the bulk of these converts have come from the lower classes of not prove that the churcli has met the public sentiment of the nation as expressed in its laws, and has abandoned polygamy. Nor does it prove what is more essential to know— that the church is loyal to the law. In recent years important gatherings have been held under the auspices of the Mormon church, aud resolutions have been adopted by which they have vigorously declared their intention to remain true to the old faith, with all its teachings and practices. These have gone to the world with the sanction and approval of the leaders and the great body of the people. Are these solemn declarations to be brushed aside by the declarations of men who are interested in the determination of a legal proceeding, or by the unofficial, unsupported statements of the head of the church, made in a private conversation, or by statements which are made in language intended to convey a definite meaning to other.^, but under mental reservations and careful wording explainable so as to mean nothing? The non-Mormons believe that polygamous marriages are being entered into, aud that the effective enforcement of the law prohibiting them has driven the church to more secret methods. Under its system of government the church has but one way of defining its position, and that is by a public declaration either from the head of the church addressed to the people or by the action of the people in conference assembled. No such declaration has been made nor action taken, and probably never will be. There is no reason to believe that any earthly liower can .extort from the church any such declarajtion. It may be truthfully said that the church has determined that if polygamy is to be uprooted the Government must perform the task, as it will never do on its part any act that will indicate an abandon- ment of polygamy. The claim is also made that the church does not in any way influence political action, and any statement to the contrary is declared to be a falsehood. If, in order to prove that it does so interfere, it is necessary to show that specific orders emanate from the church ofiflce directing the people in their political action, then tbe statement may be success- fully denied. But there are many ways in which the political action ot a people may be influenced. When a people during a long period of years have been taught from the pulpit, in official organs, by pre- tended revelations and otherwise, that the Lord has bestowed upon them certain leaders, and upon these leaders His priesthood, with power and authority to do His work upon the earth, and that they must obey these leaders in all things, temporal and spiritualf and, as a result of such teaching, the entire body of the people act in unison in all mat- ters, it may not be necessary to issue a specific order in each case directing the people how to act. This is the condition of affairs in the Mormon community to-day. From the time of Joseph Smith down to the preseut time the burden of the church teachings has been ujjjty. A Morman leader rarely rises to speak without impressing upon the people the importance of unity. The result is no orthodox Mormon entertains the idea of acting for himself. He may, think for himself, but his thoughts never crystallize into independent action. When they do he leaves the church. The orthodox Mormons beljeve they are dis- charging a religious duty when they obey their leaders and act in unison. People outside of Utah may wonder that such a condition of affairs exists in this land, and may also wonder that the Mormons have not passed this age of faith and enthusiasm (through which it is said all religions must pass) aud reached the ago of more critical examination 30 KEPOET OF THE GOVEENOR OF UTAH. and inquiry. But this may be explained by the fact that for many years they were isolated in a territory distant from more civilized com- munities. Since the Territory has been better opened and more easily accessible they have shunned as far as possible outside associations and influences. They are constantly advised to beware and avoid associa- tions with the wicked world; informed they are the chosen people of God, and that they must consecrate themselves to his service; and that in the fullness of time all nations and peoples will accept their doctrines and look to them as the great light shining upon the darkness of all nations of the earth. The mental energies of the people have all turned to religious subjects, and their reading, instruction and litera- ture have been largely confined to the Bible, Testament, and Mormon publications, and their enthusiasm recruited by the accessions of new converts. These teachings and influences have cemented them together, and they obey their leaders with enthusiasm and without regret. Again, there are certain fundamental ideas which control Utah Mor- monism in its public relations and lead to the views which characterize it, a statement of which may explain more fully their complete devo- tion to the teachings of their leaders. The Mormon people are sedu- lously taught that their mission is to convert and reform the people of the whole world ; that everything which comes to them is directly from the Lord. If they attain success, either in a religious, political, or business way, or if those whom they choose to term their enemies are unfortunate or discomfited in any way, it is the work of the Lord. If misfortune overtakes them or if their political enemies are successful the Lord is disciplining them or is punishing them for some disobedience or lack of faith and unity and that in the end it will prove a blessing. They are taught that everything is according to prophesy, whether it be good or an apparent infliction. This optimism has been carried so far that it has practically become fatalism. The will of the Lord may be revealed to any member, but the priesthood is the only author- ized medium to reveal and declare His will, and obedience to the priesthood is practically obedience to the Lord. It is useless to point out that their prophesies have failed ; that the inimical world still exists unsubdued and apparently enjoying a fair measure of success ; that their political fortunes are waning, and that their lead^rs are influenced in worldly affairs by the same motives that govern others, and are not always models of perfection. When good or evil come alike from the Lord the logic of events has no place or per- suasive force, and it is useless to suggest to them the doubt that Mor- monism will ever subdue the world. They pretend to think that the Lord is lying in wait for a proper time to punish the enemies of Mor- monism. In one respect their optimism fails and their illogical conduct is strikingly apparent. While they assert that their political enemies are merely the Lord's instruments for their discipline or chastisement, they speak of them and criticise their motives with the scant courtesy they'would give the emissaries of the evil one. Their acts and laws are not only charged to be unconstitutional and, wicked, but their offi- cials and their supporters are charged with malice and a desire to rob the Lord's people of their property and political rights. They are so accustomed to judge of the constitutionality of laws and the justice of public measures that they do not fail to censure the means the Lord provides for their discipline and which are to contribute in the end to their success, and it must be a source of continual regret to them that He fails to employ constitutional means and methods to REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 31 accomplish His purpose. The discipline is deserved, but they object to His discretion in the manner of administering it. - The people are also taught to be charitable in all things, something •which these leaders do not always practice for themselves. They claim the right to act upon their convictions and denounce others who exer- cise the same right, and profess a superior Christian character, yet it is a matter of common occurrence for one of these leaders, claiming to hold the keys to heaven and earth, to go around using his religious offices to further the secular concerns of life. Th e laymen of the church are far silperior to their leaders in point of sincerity and religious de- votion. They are the props which uphold this fabric of superstition and ignorance. They labor for others. While their leaders are gener- ally well to do, have comfortable homes, and see the pleasant side of life, they are doomed to a life-time of toil, and when the close of life comes they have practically nothing to leave to their families. It will now be seen why the Mormon people are the willing servants of their religious ma>iters and why the civilization of the age and con- tact with modern influences and associations have not worked the change which many have hoped for. It is because Mormonism involves slavery of the mind and the subjecting of the energies of the people, in a physical, moral, and religious sense, to the control of men whose motives are too often controlled by ambition and love of power. Of course there are some who are groping their way out of the at- mosphere of bigotry and darkness. There is no doubt but that the number of those who question the doctrine of blind submission to priestly authority and claim tbe right to criticise and exercise reason is yearly increasing. This is especially so in the districts which have the largest commercial relations and where there is a more extensive contact with those of other sects. The urgent demand of their leaders for unity and obedience is sufficient proof if no other proof existed. Eecehtly a public speaker declared it was useless to alttempt to conceal that dissensions existed, and the people were warned that, unless they remained united and obedient, Mormonism was doomed. There is no reason to believe that dissensions which arise from the exercise of pri- vate judgment can ever be healed, for the cause which creates them can not be reached orTcmoved without a retrogression to the stagnant mental condition of blind obedience, which is not likely to ocpur. FUTURE LEG-ISLATION. The bill now pending before Congress, called the Cullom or the Struble bill, has renewed the discussion which attended the passage of the bill providing for the admission of the State of Idaho, which, by its terms, made what is known as the " Idaho test oath " a part of the election law of the new State. It is contended by the Mormons that the meas- ure is an encroachment upon the liberty of conscience, the freedom of religions belief, and, notwithstanding its constitutionality has been affirmed by the highest court in the land, that it is unjust and unconsti- tutional. It is denied that the Mormon Church is political in character or exercises any political influence or that membership involves any hostility to the laws of the land or the political principles of the Gov- ernment. For those who believe there can be no valid or just law or any correct political principle which is in conflict with their revelations, doctrines, or discipline, such assertions are not difficult. The non-Mormon of Utah can not be convinced that the Mormon Church, both in its doctrines and practices, is not palpably a political 32 KEPOKT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. body. To his mind a belief in polygamy based on revelation brings the church and all its members who believe in the revelation in direct con- flict with the laws and political principles of the country, and this hos- tile political attitude can not be removed except by an abandonment of a fundamental principle of the organization. To his view, the church does not hesitate to dictate in political affairs when it can obtain some benefit, but when political action or legislation is likely to be disadvan- tageous it wholly renounces politics. It is willing to become a poli- tician when benefits will follow, but refuses to accept the fate of a poli- tician. The non-Mormons do not understand the Cnllom or Struble bill de- prives any one of entire freedom of religious belief. They are willing to let any one who disbelieves in the law of the land or who joins an asso- ciation which refuses allegiance to the laws keep his conscience and his belief intact so long as his conduct is not unlawful, but they urge he is not entitled to the reward of the elective franchise or a voice in the Gov- ernment to which be will not give an unqualified allegiance. A con- trary course puts the loyal and the disloyal on the same basis. They also"tirge tlie passage of the law as a duty to the whole people. It is over twenty-eight years since Congress condemned polygamy in Utah. The laws of Congress have been ridiculed and treated with contempt so long as such a course was safe, and then evaded and resisted as far as possible, and during all this time no change has taken place in the coun- sels or aims of Mormonism, and the conflict to-day is as clearly defined as ever. The enactment of such a law would hasten the end and be better for all parties, even for the Mormons, than temporizing methods which only serve to prolong the strife. A statement respecting the Josephite Mormon Church may prove interesting and suggestive with reference to the cla,im that the passage of either one of the bills referred to would bean attempt to punish the Mormon people for their religious belief. The Josephite Mormon be- lieves in the Book of Mormon and the fundamental principles of Mor- monism, and only differs from the Utah Mormon on the question of polygamy and a few doctrines and practices, which they do not consider justified by the Book of Mormon. They have established churches in Utah and elsewhere in the United States and are not opposed to the con- templated legislation and have no fear of Its consequences or that it will disfranchise them or in anywise encroach upon their religious faith or liberty of conscience. It is true that non-Mormon immigration and the growth of two or three cities have helped the situation in some localities, but the greater part of the Territory is not reached. It is true that from various causes some decades yet to come may correct the evil, but the large Mormon immigration has enabled them to disturb the political relations of an adjoining State or a Territory for every city they have lost in Utah. The difficulty does not end with the Mormons becoming a minority. When legitimate political parties are formed, with aims and purposes that are for the good of all, they hold the balance of power and are ready to use it for their benefit, without regard to the interests of the Government. The non-Mormons of Utah, who so many years have carried on this contest, reasonably urge that they should have the same laws and as much consideration from Congress as the people of Idaho, who have wisely guarded themselves against this evil. They ask for the passage 6f the Cullom or the Struble bill and the bill reported from the KEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 33 Judiciary Committee of the Senate, by Senator Edmunds, elsewLere referred to. 1 desire to again call attention to the fact that the peculiar political conditions "which exist here are wholly new to our system of govern- ment and are not so easily controlled and remedied as many people not acquainted with the situation may suppose ; that these conditions involve the question of unrestricted immigration and cheap citizenship, and in a larger sense the principles upon which our Government has been established; that in Utah that love of country which animates the American people and has been the glory of our history as a nation is unknown to the large majority of the people, and that in support of the measures now pending in Congress looking to a peaceful and safe settlement of the evil conditions here both parties. Democratic and Eepublican, are united. In urging their passage I but give expression to the wish of the great majority of the non-Mormons of Utah and per- form the duty which 1 owe to the Government and the people. In September, 1886, an editorial appeared in the Juvenile Instructor, edited by George Q. Cannon, who is regarded as the actual leader (though not the nominal head) of Mormonism. This periodical is in- tended to give the youth of Utah literary, religious, and political in- struction superior to that which can be otherwise obtained. I annex the article as an appendix and ask that it be read by the light of the history of Mormonism. The sentiments of this article have never been retracted or denied. It has greater weight because it is considerately put forth and in language more temperate than many of the former harangues of Mormon leaders, and it is a truthful exponent of the attitude of the Mormons toward the Government and its laws. The laws are uncon- stitutional and oppressive ; their enforcement a wicked persecution y conviction and punishment an honor ; the officers who enforce the laws are ruflians ; and the good Mormon people are informed that the Gov- ernment in its action is inspired by fear of the Mormon people. This article can not be set aside as a Gentile fabrication devised to falsely impeach the loyalty of the Mormons, but, as to the grounds it covers, is a complete justification of the complaints made against Mormonism. I am, sir, very respectfully, ' ' Arthur L. Thomas, Oovernor, Hon. John W. Noble, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Appendix. [Editorial from the Juvenile Instractor of September, 1886, edited by George Q. Cannon.] When the Edmunds law was first rigorously enforced witji but little regard to law or evidence against the people of this Territory, it was confidently hoped they would hecome terrified at the prospect and abandon their religion. The rules of law and courts which Tuevailed elsewhere in the administration of justice were deliberately set aside. The presumption that the accused was innocent until proved guilty was completely reversed. Every one accused was presumed to be guilty. He had to prove himself innocent. ■ , j. -, ^, . 4.- ^.t, i. ^t. j- r- It was fully expected by those who conducted this persecution that the sending of men to the penitentiary, clothing them in prison garb, and making convicts of them, would be so disgraceful that, rather than be subjected to this punishment, they would But "to the gr'at disappointment of those who have been conducting this ernsade all with very few exceptions, who have been convicted have cheerfully gone to the 10540 UT 3 34 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. penitentiary. They have esteemed their imprisonment as an honor, and have ap- peared to be thankful to have such an opportunity of showing to God and men their devotion to their religion. Could anything be more vexatious to the ruffians who have engaged in this perse- cntiou than such a spirit as this ? ■ ^ j What is the use of punishment if it does not punish ? . Any attempt to degrade a man is a miserable failure if he accepts the intended degradation as an honor. This is the case with all those convicted and sent to the penitentiary in this Ter- ritory, in Idaho, in Arizona, or in Detroit, for plural marriage or what is called "un- lawful cohabitation." The design has been to attach the stigma of criminality to them. Thus far the design has utterly failed. .., . The men sent to prison know they are not criminals. Neither while in prison nor after they emerge therefrom do they view themselves in any other light than • as martyrs. This also is the estimate placed upon their conduct by all their co- religionists; they esteem them as sufferers for righteousness, the defenders of the great and sublime principle of religious liberty. But it is not only themselves and their friends who take this view of their con- duct; their chief enemies and persecutors feel their superiority. They are forced to acknowledge that, with all the machinery of punishment at their control, they can not make the Latter-day Saints bow to their wishes. This utter inability to bring the people to their terms causes them to boil with rage. Instead of being impressed and softened by the spectacle of a people willing to en- dure these punishments for their religion, they become more and more exasperated. They are filled witn diabolical hatred, and would, if they had the power, spiU the blood of their victims. In this way they show that they are conscious of the great superiority of the people whom they would destroy. It is always an 'evidence of a base and craven nature in a man to resort to such methods as are at present employed against the Latter-Day Saints. Whenever a man refuses to meet another upon equal terms he proclaims that he considers his opponent as his superior. Whenever men or women exhibit jealousy toward inferiors in station they lift them ,np to their own level. Their jealousy of them is a proof that they view them as their equals on the point at least concerning which they are jealous. So it is with the representatives of the nation in our midst. They are consciona that there is a power here, and their actions prove that in their secret hearts they fear it ; they are jealous of the qualities which the LatterDay Saints possess. How is it with the nation ? Do not the men in power manifest an extraordinary solicitude concerning the Latter-Day Saints ? If we were a power equal in strength and numbers they could show no more jeal- ousy concerning us than they do. The Congress of the United States, by its legislation, lifts us out of comparative obscurity into public promiuence. It places us upon its own plane, and it says: ''We look upon you as a power to be dreaded. You contain the elements of great strength, and we think it is necessary to crush you while we can do so. If we let you alone you will grow beyond our reach, and we can not overpower you." This is the secret of all those unjust laws against us and their cruel enforcement. This accounts for the readiness with which men in power trample upon the Constitu- tion, the laws and the rules which prevail in courts of justice, that we may be reached and stricken down. The conduct of the nation towards us is a tribute to our strength and power. It is a most excellent indication of the fear entertained concerning our future. Yet how ridiculous it is for a nation of nearly sixty millions to feel and act in this •way towards a community numbering a quarter of a million ! What a spectacle for God and man ! To see a great nation like ours trampling upon its charter and its laws to enable its officials to reach a people as numerically weak as the Latter-Day Saints. If it were not afraid of us would its legislators do this ! But to return to the subject of the degradation inflicted upon those people who are convicted of plural i:: Kaysville LeUOlty Logan Manti Mendon Moroni Mount Pleasant Morgan Ogden ■ . . Park City Parowan Payson Pleasant Grove Provo Eichfleld Richmond Salt Lake City Smlthfleld Spanish Fork Spring City Springville St. George Tooele Washington WeUsvifle Willard Cities cmd towns incorporated wider ■general laws. Bear Elver ... J Fountain Green ,Seber ^ ^ 'Kanatt ' Moniu'> »,...-.: , Nephi - ' Salem , ----*■* tv'-^iijx%--- ffi $259, 950. 70,000. 281, 878. 315, 056. 93,186. 193, 000. 179, 095. 131, 550. 74, 000. 111,000. 147, 662. 121, 567, 219, 166. 277, 426. 1, 647, 278. 254, 337. 45,000. 79, 189, 200, OOO 1891. 7, 800, 000, 1,195,556, 101, 380, 265, 000, 321, 000, 3, 159, 430, 159, 539, 75, 000, 64, 353, 740, 153, 390, 216, 890. 100, 000. 420, 000. 249, 905. 117, 500. 50, 000, 114, 097. 75, 135. 15, 000. 00 70, 782; 00 (» 43, 600. 00 75,000.00 827, 324. 00 47, 317. 00 73,918,927.00 $300,000.00 50,000.00 280,310.00 464, 160. 00 145, 784. 00 215, 883. 80 182, 000. 00 264, 540. 00 120, 000. 00 100,000.00 150, 000. 00 24, 000. 00 229, 635. 00 280, 000. 00 1, 850, 000. 00 340,000.00 66,000.00 91, 284. 00 250,000.00 ■ 207,900.00 13,243,965.00 1, 800, 000. 00 108, 085. 00 308, 500. 00 350, 000. 00 3, 152, 620. 00 177, 600. 00 145, 000. 00 57,965,668.00 192, 210. 00 237,750.00 80, 000. 00 680, 000. 00 252, 698. 00 151, 742. 00 42, 800. 82 93, 000. 00 98, 986. 45 22, 430. 00 70, 782. 00 «) 43, 600. 00 75,652.00 828. 962.110 47,317. 00 Amount- of indebtedness. 1891. 'V V* ■ * ■^*' ^*^po^''' T" $2, 400. 00 100.00 244.79 JS^one ...do ....do 2, 500. 00 2,600.00 None 1, 500. 00 None ....do 5, 000. 00 None 1,850.00 6, 000. 00 None ....do ...do ....do 250, 000. 00 None 217. 22 None ....do 1,970.00 None 300. 00 1, 000, 000. 00 537.50 None , ....do ....do 2,722.28 None --.-do'. ....do ....do None . ...do . ...do . .do . 65.00 16, 000. 00 100. 00 85,564,981.27 1,294,106.79 832, 564. OO' $1, 100. 00 150. 00 None. Do; 500. 00 None. Do. Do. Do. 1,200.00 None. Do. 5,000.00 None. (*) 6,000.00 None. Do. Do. Do. ISO, 000. OO None. Do. (t) ' None. 5,000.00 None. Do. 450,000.00 937.00 - (.) None. Do. 614.00 2,000.00 None. Do. 63. 0» None. Do. Do. Do. Do. 12, 000. None. 00 t Surplus on hand. J No assessment made. KEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 5 The increase in municipal indebtedness for tlie year^is 104.58 per cent. Tlie increase in the assessed value of property within the cor- pbrate lijnits of the municipalities is 15.7 per cent. REVENUE FOE 1890. Statement of the revenue from the tax levy for the year 1890, ax the rate of five mills on the dollar, for Territorial and school pwrppses. \ Counties. Value of prop- erty issessed. Territorial and school tax. Counties. Value of prop- erty assessed. Territorial [and school] , tax. Box Elder $3, 969, 488. 00 .*19 847. 19 Salt Late $52,270,966.00 3, 794, 826. 00 2, 911, 890. 00 1,050,644.00 276, 436. 00 1,593,956.00 8, 951, 720. 00 582,046.00 14, 661, 756. 0« 1,086,068.00 802,330.00 $261,^64.83 18, 974. 13 14,599.43 6,263.22 1,382.43 7 969 78 Beaver 1, 004, 896. 00 1 ^ 021. 48 Cache 4,002.866.00 3,162,710.00 1,294,926.00 366,312.00 762,420.00 689,390.00 2, 305, 320. 00 374, 794. 00 828,400.00 708, 940. 00 606, 386. 00 668, 730. 00 20,014.33 15, 813. 55 6,474.63 1, 831. 56 3,812.10 2, 946. 95 11, 526. 60 1,873.97 4, 142. 00 3, 519. 70 3, 026. 93 3, 293. 66 Davis Sevier Emery Garfleld Tooele Grand XT tall 44,758.60 2, 910. 23 73, 308. 00 5,430.34 4,011.65 Iron - TTnitali Jnab Kane MoTPfan "Washington Millard PiUte 108,612,216.00 543,061.08 Kioh The assessment rolls as originally returned to the county courts gave the total valuation at $104,758,750. This was increased to $108,612,216. The assessed value for 1891, as shown in the table giving the valu- ation for the year by counties, is $121,146,648.37. The tax levy for the year at the rate fixed by law, one-half of one per cent, wiU amount to $600,233.44, an increase of 10.5 per cent: statement showing total revenue for each year from 1854, a/nd the total assessed value of property from 1856'. Tear. Territorial and school tax. Value of prop- erty assessed. Tear. Territorial and school tax. Value of protT- , erty assessed. 1854. 1865. 1856. 1857- 1858. 1869. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. -1869. 1870. 1871. 1872 . , $6, 386. 31 17, 348. 89 16, 999. 38 12,892.43 9,032.82 9, 957. 17 23, 369. 50 25, 160. 92 47, 796. 18 50, 482. 00 33, 480. 02 47, 269. 65 52, 338. 98 63, 239. 13 52,669.86 59, 968. 08 33, 639. 09 38, 163. 56 43, 976. 40 I (*) $3, 469, 770. 00 2, 937, 977. 00 2, 678, 486. 00 n 3,982,869.00 4, 673, 900. 00 5, 032, 184. 00 4,779,618.00 648, 200. 00 6, 696, 004. 00 9; 453, 9.30. 00 10, 467, 796. 00 10, 647, 826. 00 10, 533, 872. 00 11, 393, 606. 00 13, 455, 636. 00 15, 265, 424. 00 17, 590, 560. 00 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 $53, 57, 58, 50, 56, 146, 149, 151, 163, 174, 185, 203, 208, 214, 227, 282, 306, 543, 870.87 021. 45 222. 95 020. U 384.15 903. 77 910.48 335.24 495. 40 488. 93 006. 65 649.64 931.72 105. 93 361.48 636. 61 016. 14 061. 08 $21, 548, 348. 00 (*) , 23, 289, 180. 00 23,608,064.00 22,553,660.00 24,483,957.00 24, 985, 072; 00 25, 222, 540. 00 25, 579, 234. 00 29, 080, 66fi. 00 80, 834, ^5. 00 33, 924, 942. 00 34, 851, 957. dO 36,684,322.00 37,893,580.00 46, 868, 247. 00 49, 883, 690. 00 108, 612, 216. 00 ' ITo data from which to obtain the amount. b EEPOET OF THE aOVERNOR OP UTAH. REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY AND IMPROVEMENTS, 1891. Statement showing the assessed valuation of real and personal property and improve-" ments in the seeeral counties for 1891. CQunties. Heal property. Improvements. Personal prop- erty. Total. 1891. 1 1890. $233,705.00 1,078,655.00 4,757,423.00 2,413,982.00 325,798.00 73,827.00 27,675.00 203,096.00 711,963.00 68,565.00 670,246.00 368,375.00 129,537.00 487,268.00 39,195,819.27 3,400.00 1,349,010.00 415, 972. 00 1,699,238.00 511, 425. 00 187,257.00 6, 284, 902. 00 193,800.00 558, 060. 00 10,826,000.00 $605,690.00 1, 841, 330. 00 876, 630. 00 525,575.00 7,000.00 1 81,147.00 550,244.43 151, 000. 00 468,890.00 63, 470. 00 160,710.00 ' 377, 970. 00 61,803.00 72, 635. 00 6,597,095.00 800. 00 705,870.00 216, 870. 00 1,472,938.00 271, 635. 00 100, 230. 00 2, 442, 780. 00 , 229,050.00 / 251,540.00 2,617,000.00 $489,727.00 1,174,267.00 624, 279. 00 656,878.00 379,494.00 333,984.00 290,908.00 362,589.00 637, 803. OQ 207,764.00 373,901.00 161, 375. 00 279,840.00 236, 447. 00 13,934,558.67 330,478.00 821,078.00 559,073.00 789,417.00 593,368.00 341,528.00 1, 623, 925. 00 229,060.00 251,540.00 4,604,000.00 $1,329,122.00 4,084,248.00 6,158,332.00 3,496,435.00 1,433? 786. 00 > 489,958.00 810,032.43 716,685.00 1, 818, 656. 00 339,799.00 1,204,866.00 907,720.00 471,180.00 796,350.00 59,727,472.94 334,678.00 2, 575, 958. 00 1,191,916.00 3,961,593.00 1,375,428.00 629, 015. 00 10„367,607.00 862,226.00 1,192,730.00 18,047,000.00. $1,293, 859. Bd,. 1,821,526.00 Cache 4,076,329.00 2, 686, 401. 00 909,888.00 334, 639. 00 i&raaid... 817, 715. 50 605, 003. 00 2, 508, 774. 00 Kaie : Slillard 503,152.00 635, 765. OO ytiak. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. '.'.V.\ 511,004.00 677,566.00 Salt Lake 62, 171, 000. 00 312,464.00 San Pete 2, 688, 1S8. 00 Sevier 845, 957. 00 ,3, 389, 182. 00 Tooele 1,321,505.00 Uintali 302, 396. 00 TTtah 10, 216, 916.00 "Waflliiiigton 770, 700. 00 Wasatcn . 990, 236. 00 Weber 4, 568, 597. 00 Total 70,411,015.27' 20,224,33143 29,787,261.67 121,146,648.37,1 104,758,760.00 The increase in valuation over last year is $16, 387, 898. 37 or 15.65 per cent. UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE. iMatement of the tusiness of the United States land office at Salt Lahe City, Utah, for the ' fiscal year endiiuj June SO, 1891: Kind of entry. ,,C,afili entries ^^I^erai entries ; iMineral applicatHons " JJelseirti applications X>es@rt ^Jijol entries Homestead final entries Homestead entries JTimbeMnlture entries ,: Tiinlber-Gulture final entries . 'Adverse mining claims 'Preemption filings goal filings oal entries 'Sailroad selections , Tpatimonyfees ■. Number. I Acreage; 226 103 134 245 76 242 373 69 1 40 226 45 10 5 Total . Total area surveyed in Utah to June 30, 1891 ^ Total area surveyed and approved during fiscal year ending June 30, 1891 . 19, 160. 16 3,460.46 4, 354. 58 43, 305. 22 17, 112. 80 34, 751. 96 51, 415. 26 8, 079. 69 80.00 28, 960. 00 6, 560. 00 1, 401. 96 90, 991. 98 Amount. , $36,893.86 . 14,382.00 1,330.00 12,608.80 17,873.98 1,516.49 5,778.58- 821. 09 ; 4.00 400.00 678. 00 153. 00 20,048.90 1,136.00 575. 60-. :i09,634.07 i 114,201.22 Acres. 12, 755, 475. 08 332,729.08 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR* OF UTAH. 7 SETTLEMEH'T op PTTBLIO LANbS IN UTAH TEEBITOBY. Statement showing the disposition and settlement of Mblie lands in Utah Territory, and the total business of the land office at Salt Lake (My from 'the time of its opening in ■ March, 1869, to the end of the fiscal year ending June SO, 1^91. Cash entry Mineral entry Mineral application Desert applications Desert final Homestead entry Homestead final entry Thnber culture Timljer final i'f; AdTerse claims ; . . . ' PraBmption filings '. epal fiungs ■?■ Goal cash entries i.Ceittral and Union Pacific selections . Soldiers' and sailors' scrip , . Land iraxrants ' , Agrioultfural college scrip y ■yatentine scrip '• Chippewa scrip l\ Supreme Court Timber sold Timber depredations Testimony fees ; Stompage , Nuiifiber. 3,821 1,761 2,012 , 3,341 724 9,037 4,709 1,577 15 888, 11, 989 1,104 18 6 Totals - 360, 18, 8, 682, 136, 10, 091, 646, 17^, i l;444, 138, 7, 613, 546, 23, 84, 580. 02 048. 2388 545. 5938 478.75 248.56 142. 72 809. 30 303. 49 680. 00 612. 05 342.70 640:00 800. 16 ; 748. 65 13.00 957. 00 912. 00 440.00 80.00 360.02 . $570, 339. 62 86, 947. 00 3, 863. 00 178, 897. 75 , 136, 049. 75/ 140,663.71 30, 114. 63 17,902.00 ■ 60.03 7, 515. 00 35, 967. 00 3,320.00 192,848.12 6, 886, 64 27.03 615. 00 2, 232, 00 11.00 2.00 127. 08 12, 632. 59 16,1354.28! 2,'788.72 21,887,642,2926 1,445,158.92 Number of acres under cultivation, irrigated, and under inclosure for pasture, 1890. Counties. Beaver Box Elder , Cache Davis Emery Garfield - - - , Grand : Iron - \K-'\^. ^ Juab — •.\.^,.-.v'.,l . -'-,! Kane „ ::^/i.:...A. .imiard ,.i.;.*5'il,.;. .;-. Morgan ..■-.I'.-.U.. ..i Piute .-,..... Eich -I- - Salt Lake - San Juan ;San Pete Sevier ; Stimmit Tooele -- - tTintah Xrtah..-.» -' -, Washington - - ■ . Weber Wasatch Total TTnder cul- tivation. Irrigated* Under jn- closure'for , pasture. Aores. 5, 558 26, 177 54, 301 23, 161 14, 363 1,716 1,416 4,523 9,489 1,087 8, 162 5,633 7,779 .15,726 30, 556 , 809 47, 113'" 8,118 14, 508 7,524 8,960 40,196 4,203 22,4S0 10,824 Acres. 6,350 0, 708 ' 30,961 10, 691 13, 062 1,990 1,376 3, 956 4,914 722 1 8, 152 , ,5, 633 , 9,918; 26, 099 29,107 1 927 33,869 15, 340 14, 550 5, 343 10„034 36, 586 4,203 17,004 10, 365 Acres. 2,161 35, 938 23, 378 12, 232 3, 223 1, 146 2,827 1,098 7,372 4,931 7,308 3, 120 3,426 16, 468 14, 415 2,005 11, 185 6.186 702 11, 367 1, 943 16, 008 17, 107 • 352 .W, 340 310, 759 205,895 UNOCCUPIED LANDS — lEEIGATION CONGEESS — PUBLIC LANDS. In my annual reports for 1889 and 1890 I referred to tlie unsatisfac: tory condition of the unoccupied public lands in the Territory (about 31,000,000 acres), now mainly used for grazing • purposes, and to the 8 KEPORT' OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. necessity of improving tlie water supply. The grazing ranges are de- preciating in value yearly and will continue to do so until some provi- sion be made nnder which the title to limited tracts can pass to those who are directly interested in preserving the natural forage which grows upon them. Their condition is a matter of public concern and should receive immediate attention. The reclamation of the arid lands is of. equal, if not greg,ter importance. The amount of land which can now be irrigated in Utali is 736,226 acres. The amount which could be irri- gated if the necessary work is done to increase thewater supply is about 2,304,000 acres. In my last report I said — The question of irrigation in the arid region is now receiving attention from Con-I gress. It is now very plain that unless some artificial methods be employed the limit of cultivation will soon^be reached. The water supply in these arid regioui ' is derived from the rivers which have their source in the heart of the great mouii' tain ranges. They are fed by the melting snows and find their way .to the valleys below through deep canons. The water is diverted from these caSon streams at or near the mouth of the caHon by means of canals and spread over the land. , Until the climate changes no other supply of water can be depended upon, for owing to the limited water surface, there is not sufficient solar evaporation to fur- nish the necessary rainfall. / It then becomes a matter of vital importance that something be done to store the amount of water which pours down these cafions in the fall, winter, and spring. To do this successfully will require the construction of large engineering works on a scale and at a cost far beyond the financial ability of the average settler — and recommended that the title to the unoccupied lands "be vested in the Territory; the proceeds arising from the sales to be used for the improvement of the water supply, or as an endowment for the public schools." ^ During the past year the people of the West have given the probleifl ; of reclaiming the arable arid lands of the West serious consideration^ It seems that if the growth of the West is to depend upon the settle- ment of the public lands there must be some provision made to enable settlers to obtain water for cultivation at reasonable expense. There is but a small quantity of land now left, and in only few localities,- for which water can be obtained without great expense. The drift of public opinion has been unmistakably in favor of the cession of the public lands, excepting the mineral lands, to the States and Territories for the purpose of developing the water supply, and in aid of the public schools. The 'Trans-Mississippi Congress, composed of delegates from all States and Territories west of the Missouri Eiver, which met in Denver, Colo., on May 19, 1890, adopted the following resolution : ARID LANDS. Resolved, That it is the sense of this congress that the General Government should, under proper restrictions, cede to the several States and Territories of the arid region the public lands within their borders, excepting such lands as are more valuable for ' mining than agricultural purposes : Provided, That no State or Territory shall be permitted to sell such lands for less than $1.25 per acre, nor more than 320 acres to one person, nor to any other than an American ^itizen, who shall, at the time of ■ purchase, be an actual citizen of the State or Territory in which said land shall be: And provided further. That said State or Territory shall apply the funds arising from the sale of said lands to the reclamation of the same and to school purposes. Mesolved, That the National Government shall make such appropriations as maybe necessary to place under irrigation those lands which have been settled upon as agri- cultural lands and proven unfit therefor. A State irrigation congress was held at Lincoln, Kebr., in February last, and a resolution adopted calling for an interstate convention. This was brought to my attention, and the suggestion made that the congress should be held in Salt Lake City. The proposition seemed to REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 9 me to be worthy of inunediate attention. I t^hought, however, that the call for the congress should be accompanied by some evidence showing that the people from whom the call emanated were in sympathy with It, and Suggested that the chamber of commerce of Salt Lake City, the leading city of the Territory, should adopt resolutions urging that the congress be held. . This action was taken, and thereupon, as the gov- ernor of the Territory, I issued the following call: ^ „ Executive Office, Salt Lake City, June, 12, 1891. To Hxe Excellency the Govei-nor of the — of : Sir : I have the honor to inclose a copy of a resolution adopted at a meeting of the members of the chamber of commerce, held in this city on June 3, 1891, and in ac- cordance therewith respectfully request that you appoint thirty delegates at large, to represent your State at a convention to be held in Salt Lake City, Utah, beginning on Tuesday, September 15, 1891, at 12 o'clock noon, and continuing through Wednes- day and Thursday, September 16 and 17. This convention is called to consider matters pertaining to the reclamation of the arid public lands of the West and to petition Congress to cede to each State and Ter- ntory the arid lands within its borders for purposes of reclamation, for the sup- port of its public schools and for such other public purposes as the legislature of each State or Territory may respectively determine. The various commercial, agricultural, scientific, and mechanical associations, to- gether with each municipal corporation, in the several States and Territories west of the Missouri River, are also requested to send delegates to this conVention. I have the honor to remain, respectfully, Aethhk L. Thomas, Governor of Utah. ^ The call met with a very favorable reception, and on September 15, 1891, the congress convened at Salt Lake City, and remained in session jfot three days. The personnel of the congress was quite impressive, in- cluding many of the leading men of the West. After full and intelli- gent discussiou, the sentiment of the congress crystallized in the adop- tion of the following resolutions : Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention that the committee selected to propose and present to Congress the memorial of this convention respecting public lands should ask, as a preliminary to the cession of all the land in the Territories in accordance with the resolutions of the convention, a liberal grant to said Territories and to the States to be formed therefrom of the public lands to be devoted to public school purposes. Sesolved, That this congress is in favor of granting in trust, upon such conditions as shall serve the public interest, to the States and Territories needful of irrigation, all lands now a part of the public domain within such States and Territories, except- ing mineral lands, for the purpose of developing irrigation, to render tKie lands now arid fertile and capable of supporting a population. The subject of the support of the public schools, especially in Utah, was fully discussed in the Congress. I take this occasion to present some statements bearing on the subject, and which I hope may serve to show that legislation is needed to put the educational interests of IJtah on an equal footing with the States and other Territories which Tiave been benefited by G-ovemment donations. The Territory contains about 52,601,600 acres, an area about flve- i sixths of all Kew England. The larger part is so mountainous that it can never be tilled, and tillage of the small part of the lands iVhich lie in and on the borders of the valley is further limited by the supply of water for irrigation. Nearly one-fourth of this area — about 12,500,000 acres — ^has been surveyed. The land office here was opened in March, 1869, but the Territory had considerable settlement in the year 1850 and prior thereto, and previous to the Grovemment surveys the best land in the Territory, and that which could most easily be irrigated (includ- ing school sections), was taken up, and has since been conveyed to the settlers. 10 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Under the land laws the schools and university have only for lieu lands a choice from lands not tillable and of little value. , , If the entire revenue derived from the sale of agricultural lands in Utah was donated to the public schools it would not, for many years,- make a school fund equal to the revenue derived by some States from the sale of the school sections. It is probable that the revenue from the sale of agricultural lands will greatly decrease so soon as payments for entries now made are completed, for the demand and search for land which can be tilled and irrigated has been such that by the time lieu lands can be selected for schools the remaining lands will be nearly \' worthless. Even where school lands in desirable locations were sur- veyed before settlement, and are reserved, the water in the \dcinity is all appropriated, and the lands reduced to nomiual value. This same (ioudition of affairs exists in regard to the university lands, which have been recently selected but not utilized, and at the time of the selection the best lands in the Territory and the water for irrigation had been ^ appropriated. The result is that the educational interest of the Terri- ' tory will not have the benefit of any considerable fond, and must always be supported by direct taxation. The large area of the Territory, ^sparsely settled except at a few points, will make the support of the public-school system expensive ia proportion to the amount of the tax- able property and number of the pupils. In 1890 there were 213 organ- ized school districts, with a total population of about 207,000. To put the Territory on an equality with the States and the Terri- tories -v^here public surveys preceded or accompanied settlement and where lieu lands could be selected in place of those previously occupied will require legislation, and there occurs to me two ways : Either to do- nate to the Territory non-mineral lands, as suggested by the resolutions adopted by the irrigation congress, or to give a percentage from the sale of non-mineral lands, to be invested as a fund for the support of the schools and university. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. I 'respectfully renew the recommendation made in former reports for the erection of public buildings at Salt Lake and Ogden cities. The Seng,te Of the United States passed bills introduced for this purpose, '' and in the House of Eepresentatives the Committee on Public Build- iigs and Grounds reported the bills with a favorable recommendation ahd they were placed on the Calendar, where they remained, despite the most earnest efforts to have them brought before the House for consid- eration. If the Congress could be made to fully appreciate the urgent needs of the public service- ia these cities there would be no delay in authorizii^ the erection of the buildings. ^^ OLD CAPITOL BUILDING. The old capitol building at PiUmore is stUl used for school purposes. ;; The Presbyterian mission school -and the Millard Stake Academy occupy the building with the uaderstanding that they must keep it in repair. , PENITENTIARY. The addition to the Utah penitentiary authorized by Congress has been completed at a cost of $95,000. On June 1, 1891, the Department of the Interior appointed the o-ov- REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 11 er^pr, secretary, and surveyor-general of the Territory, a committee to' examine and deliver to the United States marshal for Utah, repre; senting the Department of Justice, the building, if completed in accor- dance with the plans and specifications. The cbmpiittee visited the penitentiary and carefully inspected all the new wotk, and finding the building to have been properly constructed, on July 8, 1891^ they de- livered the keys to the United States Inarshal, and took his receipt therefor, on behalf of the Department of Justice. INDUSTRIAL HOME. • ' I - The Utah Commission will make their annual report respecting the Home before the meeting of Congress. ' ' DESEEBT UNIVERSITY. During the past year the university has advanced rapidly in popular favor. The attendance for the coming year will be the larg'est in its history. There is no reason to doubt that the university is destined tb become the leading educational institution of the Territory if not of the intermountain country. REFORM SCHOOL. ' The school has been gradually meeting the necessity which prompted the passage of the law creating it. Unfortunately for the Territory, on June 24, 1891, the building was almost destroyed by fire. The insur- ance of $30,000 enabled the trustees to commence the work of rebuild- ing. It will probably require an additional appropriation from the Territorial treasury to complete the building. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. On September 30, 1891, the attendance at the coUege was about 175, with iiicreasing numbers. The college is meeting with a mo^t gfenerous support, and promises to be of great benefit to the Territory, During the past year about $50,000 have been expended in the erection of new buildings and improving the grounds. INDIANS. I have jnothing new to add to my former statements respecting the .1,500 or more Indians who have renounced their tribal relations and are scattered throughout the Territory. At the last session of Congress an appropriation of $10,000 was made for the relief of the Shebit Indians in Washington County, Utah. The law provided the money should be used for their temporary support, and to enable them to become self- supporting. Similar action should be taken for the relief of the Indian^ in Tooele County, who are anxious to own their land, and those in Gar- field, San Juan, Sevier, Kane, and Iron counties. REMOVAL 0¥ THE COLORADO TJTBS TO UTAH. If newspaper statements are to be accepted as reliable the attempt to remove the Colorado Utes to Utah, which failed to receive the saho-' tion of the last Congress, is to be renewed at the next session of Con- 12 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. gress. The people of the Territory through their legislative assembly,; have protested againgt the unloading of the Indians upon them. After a full investigation of the matter by the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs it was decided not to recommend the passage of the biU author- izing the renloval. In justice to the Territory the matter should no longer be agitated. Because of these determined attempts to remove these Indians to Utah, the public laaids in San Juan County, embraced •within the limits of the proposed reservation, have been withdrawn from settlement. I haVe received many letters from settlers and oth^s earnestly requesting me to urge the General Land Ofiflce to revoke the ordeir of withdrawal. I have no doubt.if this is done that many persons,/ wiU avail themselves of the opportunity to obtain homesteads in this sparsely settled county. I trust this matter wlU receive Immediate at- tention from the Department and the settlers be permitted to enter the .landSi The la^ids were withdrawn from entry on November 15, 1888. The following correspondence will explain the matter. . [Telegram.] Washington, D. C, November 15, 1888. You are hereby directed to refuse until further orders all entries or filings for land in San Juan County. Copy of letter of NoTember 14, 1888, from honorable Secretary of the interior will be forwarded. ' S. M. Stockslagbk, Commusioner. Register and Receiver, Salt Lake City, Utah. Department oe the Interior, General Land Office, Washington, D. C, November SO, 1888. Gbntubmen: Referring to my telegram to you of November 15, 1888, 1 inclose here- with copy of Secretary's instructions of November 14, 1888, withdrawing from entry until further orders, all the public land in San Juan County, Utah Territory, for the use of the Southern Utes. ' Very raspectfully, ' T. J. Anderson, Assistamt Commi8si00 3,280.00 4,032.00 Utali 4 i 12 190 2 5 11 TJintali . 118 1 3 295. 00 24, 960. 00 1,508 3, 770. 00 20,411 163,288.00 y '\- Mules. f Asses. Counties. Number. Standing, in order of number. Value at $7! per head. ' Number. Standing, In order of number. Value at $40 per head. .,: 69 64 67 24 87 16 19 9 59 11 47 9 8 7 16 4 19 ;■' 22 9 21 12 $4,425.00 4,800.00 5,025.00 1,800.00 6,525.00 1,200.00 1,425.00 675. 00 4,425.00 826.00 3,525.00 4 1 3 11 14 12 $160. 00 40.00 Ca Cattle 4,583 1.9 ■Wool clip for the year (estimated) pounds . . 12, 000, 000 Number of cattle exported (estimated) , .do 35, OOO Number of sheep exported (estimated) do 310, 000 :REPOKT OF THE GOVERNOK QF, UTAH. 15 :*:/ In^my last report I s^id a corporation was about to be formed for the ■ purpose of establishing stock yards a^d packing-houses at Salt Lake j City. The corporation was formed, and is noV engaged in preparing ' the land purchased for use. THE MINING INDUSTRY. Statement showing value and amount of the prind,pal mineral product of Utah from 1879 to 1890, iotli inclusive. Keflned lead. TTnreflued lead. Amount. ' Value. Amount. Value. 1879 Founds. 2,301,276 2.892,498 Z, 645, 373 8,213,798 3,230,547 4,840,987 $103,657.42 144,624.90 145,495.51 410,690.00 161, 627. 00 169,434.54 Pounds. 26,315,369 25, 667, 643 38,222,185 52,349,850 63,431,964 66,023,893 54,318,776 48,456,260 45,678,961 44,667,157 59,421,730 ^3, 181, 817 $692, 095.' 57 641,444.75 > 955,654.62 1,361,096:00 1,585,799.00 980,418.12 1,222,176.46 1,405,231.54 1, 1,196,788.77 1, 203, 313. 23 1,378,584.13 1, 895, 464. 51 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1886 1886 208, 800 2, 600, 000 9,667.44 111, 750. OO 1887 1888 1889 , 2,369,640 5,082,800 89, 662. 52 203, 312. 00 1890 Total . - 34, 273, 619 1,549,721.32 677,625,596 14,417,95S.70. j^^ — l-.i*-'. ■■■■■■V* Silver. Gold. Copper. Amotuit. Value. Amount. Value. Amount. Value. , 1879 '. Ownces. 3,732,247 3, 663, 183 4,958,845 5,436,444 4,531,763 5,669,488 5, 972, 689 5,918,842 6,161,737 6,178,855 7,147,651 8,165,586 $4,106,351.70 4,029,601.30, 5,503,762.95 6,114,874.00 4.984,939.00 6,i23,047.04 6, 221, 596. 56 5.860.837.34 5,976,884.89 5,787,627.61 6,656,254.65 8,492,209.44 , Ounces. 15,732 8,020 6,982 9,039 6,991 5,530 8,903 10,677 11,387 13,886 24,976 33,851 $298,908.00 160, 400. 00 139.640.00 180, 780. 00 139,820.00 110, 600. 00 178,060.00 211, 540. 00 227,740.00 277,720.00 499,500.00 677,020.00 Pounds. 1880 1881 1882 605, 880 $75,735.00 1883 1884 63, 372 6,337.20, 1885 1886 2, 407, 650 2,491,320 2,886,816 2,060,792 956,708 144,463.00 124,566.00 288,681.60 206,079.20 76,536.64 1888....... 1890 Total 67,535,880 69,848,786.48 155,873 3,101,728-00 11,472,438 922,388.64 ESrCEBASE OVER 1890. Per cent. In pounds of unrefined lead ..--..,:.., 6. 33 ' In pounds of refined lead 116. 33 In ounces of silver ;..'..... 14. 10 In ounces of gold '-'... 35. 53 DBCEBASE. In pounds of copper -^ '. 115. 40 ,16 i fiEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. METAL PROsfecT FOR 1890. Welle, Fargo ^ Co.'s atatement of the imneraV product of Utah for 1890. [Farnislied by Mr. J. B. Dooly, cashier.] Copper. Tjead. Silver- Gold— Eeflned. Unrefined. In bare. In base bullion, and ores. In bars. In bul- lion and- ores.^ G-ermania Lead. Works , Pounds. 257, 270 150,000 530, 538 Pounds. 5, 082. 800 Ounces. 2, 198, 776 8, 240, 000 10,075,171 1,417,274 3, 204, 578 Pounds. 418, 526 Ounces. 91,544 710, 250 1, 251, 986 159,582 801, 611 OvawesJ 3,728 Ounces^ 1,030 ' *.,i™ 12,987 629, 676 985,231 43, 513 5, 816 481 216 1,090 18, 900 87 Net product laars and base 956,708 5,082,800 t 25,135,799 38. 046, 018 2, 082, 761 3, 024, 973 3,057,852- 4,296 19, 493 10,062 Totals 956,708 5. 0S2. son 63, 181, 817 2, 082, 761 6, 082, 4,296 29, 555 EECAPITULATION. 966,706 pounds copper at 8 cents per pound $76, 536. 64 , 5,082,800 pounds refined lead at 4 cents per pound 203, 312. 09 , 6?,181,817 pounds unrefined lead at $60 per ton 1, 895, 454. 51 ,8,165,586 ounces fine silver at $1.4 per ounce 8, 492, 209. 44 • 83,861 ounces fine gold at $20 per ounce 677, 020. 00 Total export value 11, 344, 532. 59 ; ,' Commuting the gold and silver at their mint valuation, and other metals at their value at the sea- board', it would increase the value of the product to $14^346,783.33. Conf/pa/rative atatement ahowing the quantity of ailver cmd ^old contained in haae iwlUon I \ produced in Utah. Tear. Silver produced. Gold produced. Silver | Gold in ores and in ores base I and base bullion. bullion. Silver product. Gold product. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883: 188^. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. Ownces. 4, 359, 703 4, 357, 328 3, 835, 047 3, 783. 586 6, 400; 101 5, 435, 444 4, 531, 763 5, 669, 488 5, 972, 689 5, 918, 842 6, 161, 737 6, 178, 865 7, 147, 651 8, 165, 586 Ounces. 17, 325 15, 040 15, 932 8,020 7,958 9,039 6,991 5,530 8,903 10, 677 11, 387 13, g86 24,976 33,851 Ounces. 2, 102, 098 2, 108, 359 1, 797, 589 1,403,819 2, 643, 899 2,581,789 2, 351, 190 3, 263, 984 3, 189, 676 2, 838, 263 5, 049, 273 3, 982, 21J 6, 270, 250 6, 082, 826« Ownces. 11, 035 10,165 5,693 2,878 2,622 5,016 5,597 10, 714 12, 954 24,236 29, 655 Per cent. 48.2 48.3 46.8 37.1 48.9 47.3 61.8 57.4 63.4 47.'9 66.7 64.4 73.7' 74.4 Per cent. 63.6 67.5 • 35.7 36.8 32.9 65.6 81.8 79.1 94 92.6 97 87.3 Total ' 76,917,800 i 189,414 44, 655, 131 139, 929 in my last report I expressed the opinion that — , The action of Congress in passing tlie silver bill and the anticipated legislation im- ;j>o8ing a tariff on lead ores imported from other countries has had a stimulating and beneficial effect, and it is probable the West is about to experience a revival m the mining industry on an extensive scg,l6. ' This has been more than verified. The present may be said to be a phenomenal period jh the history of mining in Utah Territory. IS&w REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 17 discoveries have been made la the old reliable mining camps of Park City, Tintic, and, Bingham Caflon, and at Dugway, Fish Springs, La Plata and Ohio mining districts, and in other places. The figures given above show a marked increase in the mineral product. This increase win probably continue, unless there shall be adverse legislation b^: Congress, and wOl contribute very largely to the niaterial prosperity of the Territory. The influence of the new discoveries, and of the in- creased product, is felt in every class of business, benefiting the pro- ducer and the consumer alike. A visit to Park City, Utah, the home of the Ontario mine, which has paid nearly $12,000,000 in dividends, and will continue to pay them for many years to come, and of other ;,dividend'paying mines, or to the Ti'ntic mining district, also the home of many dividend-paying mines, wUl show to any one how vast are the interests involved, and also suggest how serious a blow, it would be to .the prosperity of the Territory and country if, because of unffiendly iegislation or from any cause, mining could no longer be prosecuted with profit. T^he persons engaged in the mining industry are among the most en- ergetic, wide-awake, and enterprising men of the West. They are pnblic- Ipirited and loyal always, and they confidently expect the iinportant interests which they represent wiU rjeceive due and equitable consid- eration at the hands of Congress. SULPHUR. The sulphur deposits of Utah are practically inexhaustible and of superior quality. The sulphur taken from the Cove Creek mines is said to be 98 per cent pui'e, and is deposited in such a way that it can be mined at very little expense. There are also deposits near Frisco, in Beaver County, and in other parts of the Territory. The pyrites which abound in the mining camps are said to be sufficient to producp all the sulphur and sulphuric acid required by the West. The Cove Creek mines are about to resume their output of sulphur in various market- able forms'. THE ASPHALTS OP UTAH. The asphalts of Utah are not only the purest in the world, but are found also in literally inexhaustible quantities, single veins of which contain more asphalt than does the famous Pitch Lake of Trinidad. The most notable deposits are in a location far from railroad trans-' portation, and so it is made necessarily costly, but not so much so but that it competes successfully in the European markets for application in various industrial pursuits. The large use of it as a paving material is yet to be made when facili- ties for its economical transportation shall have been provided^ Then, Utah can easily supply the asphalt for the paving of aU the streets in every American city, and continue to do so for a long period of time to come. The comparative scarcity of asphalt in the civilized regions of the world has led to its being used for selected uses ; but with Utah's vast depQsits available other uses may be made of it. It can be distilled for gas, and oil of superior excellence: 31 38 18 50 45 1,4001 500 80» Congregationiil , . 2,269 32 61 2,250 61 1,935 94 212 7,807 88 212 6,904 * No report, on account schools' discontinued. '^ Statement showing the number of churches and ministers maintained by religious denomiwch' tions, excepting the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, for the years 1890 ana 1891. Denomination. 1890. 1891. Churches. Ministers. Churches. Ministers. Methodist 28 8 10 5 5 2 15 23 7 14 8 4 4 21 33 8 5 6 (*) 17 26 Protestant Episcopal ... 7 Catholi6 15 Congregational : g 4 Baptist J. 19 Total 73 81 75 79 >Ifo report. REPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 21 DENOMINATIOKAL SCHOOLS. iStatement showing the amount expended for schools iy the vdrious religious denontinaUons, iKxc&ptvng the Chnreh of Jesus Christ of Latter-Bay Saints, prior to June SO, 1890, and during 18,91. Denomination. Methodist Pxotestajut Epjscocal Catholic Congregational Sweaiah Lutheran... Baptist Presby^rian Total Expended tm, schools to June 30, $32i, 000 (*) ' 373, 000 311, 169 16, 500 (*) 335,000 1, 389, C69 Expended maintaining. schools, 1891. $20, 600 15, 000 40, 000 40, 000 (t) (t> 29, 750 145, 350 Expended for' school grounds and build- ings, 1891. $5, 000 60^000 5, 000 79, 500 Total ex;- : pendedfof ' schools. , r $349, 600 473, 000 386, 169 374, 250 1, 583, 019 ' No repoirt. t Schools discontinued. Statement showing the amownt expended for churches hy the various deriominations, except- ing tlte Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, prior to June 30th, 1890, and in 1891. Denomination. Expended for grounds and buiidings and maintenance. To June 30, 1890. 1891. Total. t Mefihodiat Szetestant Episcopal Catholic ^(mgregatianal ^ScvTdoiafi Lutheran . . Baptist 1 , Cveshyterlon Total $178, 000 (*) 103, 000 20,000 32,700 (*) 61, 000 $39,500 10, 000 (*) 13, 200 (*) 28, 700 $217, 500 (*> . 113, 000 20, 000 45, 900 "89," 700 394, 700 91, 400 486, 100 * No report. BXTSINESS PROSPERITY. While tlie Territory is now in a very healthy condition, industrially, oominercially, and financially, the degree of activity which existed last year does not prevail. It may be said ihat the speculative period has been followed by the more substantial methods which build up a coun- try on a solid and lasting basis. The great depression which exists in other oommonwealthsof the West is scarcely felt here. In the different cities and towns there has been a steady progress in the number of buildings erected and the promotioi): of industrial enterprises. It is quite likely there wiU be a steady ad* vance for many years to come because of the large nuniber of dividend pajring mines and the certainty of obtaining remunerative crops from irrigated lands. There is another good reason why this should -be so. The climate of Utah is uusurpased by any in the West. We have as many clear days as any other part of our country and a bracing atmos- phere. The extremes of temperature common to other portions are un- known here; consequently Utah has long been celebrated as the land of rich and grand mountains, fruitful and beautiful valleys, and a line <5limate. Every person who visits Utah, on business or pleasure, goes away her ftiend. 22 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. UTAH SUGAR MANTJPACTORY. On the border line of Lehi and American Fork cities, in Utali County^ Utali, there, has been erected what is said to be the largest sugar man- ufactory in the United States, and equipped with machinery of iLmeri-.' can manufacture, at a cost of some $500,000. It was built by a coi'pora- tion formed under the laws of Utah. The stock is owned by citizens, of Utah. The sugar will be manufactured from the beet root; The soil , of Utah in some places is said to be especially adapted to the cultiva-s tion of , the sugar beet. If the enterprise shall prove successful, and there seems to be no doubt of it, it will prove a valuable aid to the business interests of the Territory, and wiU be an effective object lesson of the value of home industries. • Statement allowing the number of residences and business buildings erected or under contract for predion in the cities and towns for the year ending Jwne 30, 1891. Dwell- ings. Value. Bnamess lioases. Value. ' CilMs incorporated vnder epecial eharten. American Fork Alpine , Beaver , Brigham City Cedar City Coalville Corinne , ISphraim Fairview Fillmore (Jrantsville Hyrum Ki^sville Leni Logan 1 . . , Maati Mendoii.. Moroni Mount Pleasant ..[.. Morgan Ogden Park City Parowan Payson Pleaaant G-rove Provo...' Eiohfleld Eiohmond Salt Lake City Smithfield: Spanish Fork * Spring City Springvilie St. George '. Tooele.- Wells vUle WiUard $10, 600 2,000 1,200 26,600 5, 000 6,950 ]yone . 10,800 5,000 None . 4 12 9 590 75 1 10 7 40 2 None . 1,000 1,600 9,600 7,800 96, 000 3,600 None 2,000 16,000 7,000 634, 840 50,000 500 8,000 8,000 120,000 1,000 971 14 10 ! 16 45 8 3 3 Cities and towng incorporated under general laiva. Bear Ki-^r ^ Monroe -T -iV-- Fountain Green t r-v-^- -- - Heber ^..i... Kanab 1 l 'Ji .■ J .'i NepU , ,„ ,. 1,349,759 10,000 8,200 6,000 70,600 7,600 2,000 3,000 3,000 900 3,000 2,059 500 3,000 43,195 2, 545, 469 ' One district school ; value, $6,000. t No report. 1 126 1 2 2 4 1 1 300 $19,30» 1,500 25,900 2,000 4,500 1,500 2,300 800' 360 4,000" 13,000 5,050' 50,000 6,500 2,000 2,000 4,000 12,000 813,524 12.000 700- 15,000' 10,000 115, 00» 7,000 eo» 2,131,001 1,000. 21,000 2,000 23,000 1,000 600 1,000- 1,400- 5,000 1,500 8,000 12, 450 620 3, 334, 99& The following cities are lighted by electricity : Salt Lake, Ogden Provo, Park City, Payson, and Logan. ' REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 23 * Salt Lake has 60 J miles electric railway. Provo, 6 miles motor street raalpoad, and Ogden lias changed its extensive street-car system from horse to electric power. . BANE STATEMENT. •Statements have been received as follows from the foUowtng-named banks, showing state of their business June 30, 1891 : Kame- Bri^am City : Bank of 'jJrigham * Branch Ogden, Utab, Loan and Trust Co. Corinne : J. w . Guthrie Eaysville : Barnes Banking Co. * Lpgan : Thatcher ^Brothers Banking Co M^ti : Manti City Savings Bank* Kephi; First National Bank * Nephi Savings Bank and Trust Co. * . . . Ogden : Comnaercial National Bank First National Bank ^ Utah National Bank Citizens' Bank * , Ogden State Bank Ogden Savings Bank ' Utah Loan and Trust Company's Bank*. Park City : Park City Bank Payson : Payson Exchange and Savings Bienk. Prove: First National Bank National Bank of Commerce * Prove Commercial and Savings Bank T7tah County Savings Bank Bichfield : James M. Petersen* Salt Lake City : ' American National Bank ,@anunercial National Bank iDeseret National Bank . . .'- N^ational Bank of the Eepublict njiion National Bank Bank of Commerce State Bank of Utah Deseret Savings Bank ,.i Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Co Salt Lake Viuley Loan and Trust Co. J . . . trtah Title Insurance and Trust Co. Sav- ings Bank t - - - Wefls, Fargo & Co. § W.S.MoCominck feCo.t X'.E. Jones & Co,} 'TJtah Commercial and Savings Banl^ Utah National Bank '. Total . Capital. 1890. $50, 000. CO 166,666.06 SO, 000. 00 250, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 100. 000. 00 10.% 750. 00 57, 780. 00 30, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 75, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 250, 000. 00 250, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 600, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 100,000.00 160, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 1, 500, 000. 00 $25, 000. 00 55, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 80, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 75, oop. 00 200, 000. 00 145, 290. 00 138,000.00 75, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 25, 000. op 50, 000. 00 53, 654. 28 75, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 265, 060. 00 330, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 505, 000. 00 4(10, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 SOO, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 127, 287. 50 Deposits. $21, 800. 00 231, 415. 00 212,960.91 390, 744. 58 603, 003. 00 535, mo. 00 160, 557. 31 134,885.70 160, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 102, 578. 56 10,988.37 50, 645. 80 58, 672. 39 330,000.00 1, 625, 311. 79 1, 586, 570. 99 178, 010. 09 506, 491. 24 911, 193. 57 1,484,574,67 300, 502. 66 81,686.47 5, 148, 231..78 9,572,286.45 $61, 275. 48 20, 000. 00 25, .367. 15 162,821.21 78, 396. 07 117, 861. 24 43, 184. 46 230, 000. 00 191, 295. 00 325, 000. 00 113, 364. 52 105, 000. 00 177, 365. 4i 91, 033. 30 88,127.06 26,443.14 57,.B03.47 27, 230. 96 68, 066. 00 52, 553. 67 22,660.65 296, 222. 54 334, 469. 82 841, 073. 00 331, 488. 44 908, 834. 17' 162, 948. 8» 250, 286. 31 424, 941. 23 927, 596. 46 77, 725. 64 1, 324, 940. 63 240, 272. 00 150, 236. 47 8,855.684.39 * New bank. f Opened for business after July 1, 1890. I No report. swells, Fargo & Co. : This is Salt Lake branch of Wells, Fargo & Co., San Francisco.- It has no cap- ital, but draws on the parent bank. The $200,000 given is surplus. THE LABOR SUPPLY. The number of men belonging to the trades-unions in Salt Lake City and Ogden is as follows : SaltL.ike: s. Members of trarles unions, ferleratetl ,, 2. 350 Members of trades unions, not federated ; j 1, 2.50 Trades labor men not members of trades unions, about 1, 320 •Ogden : Members of' trades unions, federated 840 Members of trades unions, not federated 475 Members of trades unions outside of Salt Lake and Ogden 2, 450 Total 8, 685 24 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. The supply of skilled laborers in some of the trades is slightly in ex- cess of the demand. WAGES PAID AND HOURS EMPLOYED. The following statement will show the rate of pages paid for certaia kinds of labor and the hours employed : Name of trades. Wages per month. Wages per week. Wages per day. Hours em- ployed. Hrlolrliiypr $5. 00 to $6. 00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 g Blacksmiths g $65. 00 to $70. 00 t $15. 00 to $20. 00 10 2.75 3.00 ClerTis 60.00 100.00 40. 00 75. 00 10 CigLrpenters 3.50 4.00 10 20.00 25.00 Harness-makers 2.25 2.75 3.00 3.50 3. 00 3. 50 3.00 3.50 2.00 2.50 3. 00 3. 50 3.50 4 00 » 8 9 9 9 Ho'd-oarriers Iron moldei-8 Ijathers Linemen Machinists ^. 9 9 8 9 8 8 8 8 9 9 Printers , 20.00 25.00 Plumbers . 4 00 4 50 3. 50 4. 00 4 00 4 50 Plasterers Stimecutters 4 00 4 50' 4.00 4 50 4 00 4 50 2.00 3.50 4 00 Stone masons Street-car employes , Tinners and comioe-makers THE EAILOAD SYSTEM. The railroad system of Utah is herewith given : Prom— ' To- MUesofUne. Koad. Gauge, 4 feef 8^ inches. Gau^,3 Union Pacific : Main line in Trtah f Ogden Wyoming line Prisoo... 73 280 62 31 96.3 .-.do... Lehi Cltv Salt Lake and Western Echo and Park City Echo. .......:::;;:: Park City Utah and Northern TTtah and Nevada Sflt Lake City.. .. NepU , .... 37 34 San Pete Valley do ; Total 542.3 71 Colorado line Bingham Junction. . Eio Grande Western : Main line : . 310.1 16.3 18.2 17.3 6.1 9.1 ^Binghani branch ' Alta branch ". Alta Pleasant Valley , Pleasant Valley Junction. Coal mines Coal Mines Sprii;grville .'■. S Total Nevada line "li Central Pacific in Utah : Ogden main line 157 :m , Total 157 .-^ Utah Central \ ....do.....' ;... Fort Douglas Park City 8 , 31'' 3 ( .--.do Mm Creek. Total 40 • 1, 076. 4 111 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. I Sl/rmt-rmlroad sygtem. 25 " Electric. Steam motor. SaltLake Mika. 6 , miet. 9 Provo 4 6 Total ■ 6^ 15 ^ ' Increase in railroad mileage, standard gauge, 110.4 Toiles Decrease, narrow gauge, 76 miles. ' f Statements showing the tonnage shipped over the railroads in Utah for (he year ending June SO, 1890, as reported by the companies. traiOlf PACEFIC EAILWAT. Articles. ' BuiUQng material. . . Bnllion Brick Brick, lire and clay . Coal Coke Fruit, dried Fruit, green, and vegetal>les . Pkmr and mill stuffT Furniture GiBJn Groceries Granite rook Hardware Hay and straw Iron pipe Junk Lead ' Limestone , I/ive stock Tons. 11. 17, 546, 3, 1, 27, 54, 33, 14, 10, 18, 2, 4, 2, 47, ,066,505 1,730,106 I, 901, 301 092, 63B 83P, 915 463, 650 291, 240 152, 755 378, 558 903,234 803, 913 844,797 463, 29A 935, 639 937, 221 373, 980 620,481 201, 105 764,478 307, 639 647, 840 859, 861 ,612 Articles. Lumber HacMnery implements Marble Meroiiandise. Oil Ore and matte Plaster Poultry Posts Kailway material Salt.. Sand Slag Sulphur . . , Sundries Stoiie Ties Vehicles Wood '.. Wool and hides Water Total Tons. 206,eoi,4«T 21,676, 105 112,845, 96, 476, 196 6,831,978 386, 036; 183 6, 249, 353 42, 631 4, 884, 142 16, 711, 433 104, 128, 767 460, 000 13,171,748 526, 090 28, 913, 077 41,261,578 12,286,035 1,228,806 ' 8, 242, 800 16, 502, 076 7,390,707 1,^29,^695,766 Increase in pounds over 1890, 148 per cent. KIO GEANDB WBSTEKN BATTiWAY. Articles, Products of agriculture: Grain Flour Other mill products Fruits and vegetables Hay , Canned goods Products of animals ; Dressed meats Other packing-house products Wool Hides and leather Live stock Products of mines : Anthracite coal Bituminous Ores Stone, sand, and clay Bullion Tons. 6,252 1,173 737 8,767 2,475 4,219 1,852 3,190 1,562 580 5,525 13, 017 225, 325 65, 724 38, 403 6,618 Articl(B8. Producta of mines — Continued. Coke and charcoal' ..!...:..:.'.. Products of forests: Lumber Hanufactures : Petroleum and oils Sugar Castings and machinery Bar and sheet metal. Cement, brick, and lime Agricultural implements Wagons and carriages . . . : Wines, liquors, and beers Household goods and furniture Iron and steel nails - - Merchandise ' ■. - . Miscellaneous Total tonnage Tons: 29,191 40,428 4,094 8,078 7,825 2,886 18, 320 1,2?? 2,933 3,468 3,778 4,669 48, 032 8,906 669,209 Increase in pounds over 1890, 48.81 per cent. 26 " REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Movement of freight traffic in Territory of Utah ctmrmgymr ending Decemler 31, 1890, SOUTHEEN PACIFIC COMPANX. ClassUication. BMeivei at and forwarded from Ogden. Merchandise Hay and ^ain Froita ana vegetableB. Liye stook ■Dressed meat ' Stone . Brick; Pig iron Xiimiber and wooden material . Coal Coke and charcoal Ore Total. i'orwardedfrom pomt» other than Ogden. Merchandise. Hay. Grain Potatoes MiUstnff.... Live stock . . Hides "Wool Ore Salt Briek Ice Lumber, etc. Total.. Eeceived. Tom. 66, 170 5,150 89,482 2,400 10 453 200 40,383 Forwarded. Tom. 127, 1, 7, 13, 148, 145 793 664 495 1,672 648 405 72 932 478 699 052 -J 1 237 451 278- 11 10 1,33T 121 184 27 114 200 62' 34 List of companies organized and incorporated in Utah Territory and filed in the office of the secretary thereof during the year ending July 1, 1891. ' ' MrNING COMPANIES. Ko. of shares. Par valne of capital st«ck. • Alamo Mining Co American Mining and Development Co Ashley Coal, Asphalt and Gilsonite Co Australian Knssell Process Co Bee-Hive Resei-voir Coal and Mining Co ,.. Buokhom Gold and Silver Mining Co Buffalo Gold and Silver Mining Co Busby Mining Co Biddlecome Mining and Melting Co , Buffalo Bill Mining Co Cp^go Mining Co Cosmos Mining, Land and Investment Co Cleveland Consolidated Mining Co ^ Dajter Gold Mining and Milling Co ^Diamond Consolidated Mining Co Dixie Mining and Smelting Co ; ;Emei^ County Coal Co r iMzabeth Consolidated Gold and Smelting Mining Co Greeley Mining Co Golden Breeze Mining and Milling Co Gold Shoup Gravel and Qnaftz Mining Co Gold Mineral Mining Co ,Highi Creek Milling and Milling Co ' Lucky Hill Mining Co Lapkawawa Coal Co Uammoth Hill Mining Co ., Modoc Chief Mining Co Meats Silver Mining Co Mammoth, No. 2, Mining and Milling Co - North Eureka Mining Co , Nelson Consolidated Milling and Mining Co 125, 000 20, 000 1,400 2,500 30,000 100, 000 300, 000 10,000 400, 000 400, 000 300, 000 400, 000 125, 000 500, 000 200, 000 126, 000 100, 000 1,500 500, 000 300,000 250, 000 100,000 200 500, 000 250, 000 100, 000 200, 000 400, 000 200, 000 100, 000 100,000 $620, 000- 100, 000 140, 000 250, 000 - 1.500,000 1. 000, 000 1.500,000 ■ 500, 000 . 400,00* 400, 000 3, 000, 000 2 000, ooo 125, OOO 2, 500, OOO 1, 000, 000 . 125,000 5, 000. 000 150, 000 2, 500, 000 1, 500, 000 2, 500, 000 1, 000, 000 20, 000 500, 000 250,000 1, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 10, 000, 000 2, 000. 000 300, 000 1, 000, 000 EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 27 lAst of companies organized and incorporated in Utah Territory, eic.i-Continued. n MnsrtNG COMPAiflES-Continned. No. of shares. Par value of capital stock. 2Tabob Mining Co . . .'. .' Qtphir Hili Mining and Concentrating Co Qld Jordan and Salina Mining Co ;.-.....; Passadena Mining Co Pioneer Mining and Milling Co BeTUvian Consolidated Mining Co ; Paxman Mining Co Pioohe Consolidated Mining and Beduotion Co . . iKesolute Mining Co ' Sevier Mining and Milling Co St. George Mining and Mflling Co Salvator Mining Co Salina Gold and and Silver Mining Co , . Salt Lake ^Asphalt Co , Silver King Mining 0o Southwestern Coal and Iron Co Salt Lake Improvement Co Stanley Mining Co Scandinavian Coal Co Bionx Consolidated Mining Co SU*W I'lake Mining Co ajbB Trapper Mining Co ., GEdnity Conaolldated Gold and Silver Mining Co. ; tn^tio Mining and Milling Co "yjkon Pacific Mining Co. . ^ WSlard Silver Bill Mining Co 200, 000 1, 000 ,20,000 1, 000, 000 100,000 150, OOO 100, 000 2, 000, 000 100, 000 250, 000 100, 000 100, 000 400, 000 10,000 60, 000 200,000, 10, 000 300, 000 20, 000 100,000 100, 000 100, 000 1,500 700, 000 126, 000 20, 000 $ii oao, 000 25,000 2, 000, 000 1. 000, 000' 100, OOO 150^ 000 500, 000 20, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 1, 250, OOO 1, 000, boo 1,000, OOO 2, 0'OO, 000 100,000 500,000. 10,000,000' ' 1, 000, OOO' 3,000,000- 1, 000, 000 1, 000, 000- 500, 000- 1,000,000 l50,00p> 700, OOO- 1, 250, 000- 200, boo- Total capitalization. 94, 305, 000. MANUFACTUEING COMPANIBSj Central Contract Building Co .Consolidated Lumber and Milling Co Cooper Pyper & Co Central Milling and Elevator Co Farmington Commission and Manufacturing Co. . . Foote Eefriseratpr and Mantel Manufacturing Co ■■ ynimore Dairy- Co : Geo. Q. Cannon & Son Heesoh & Eilerbeck Electric Co Jeremy Salt Co Iiayton MUling and Elevator Co Lehi Mill and Stock Co iN'tfrth'^^eatern Construction Co Ogden Cracker Co Pacific Paving Co Eiohville Milling Co .- Soil Foundry and Machine Co Standard Combination Fence Co ^ Salt Lake Pressed Brick Co , ^ Utah Mining and Irrigation Pump Manufacturing Co. Tltah Manufacturing and Building Co...-., trtah Mattress and Manufacturing Co .-.- Total capitalization. 2,000 500 400 450 5,000 2,500 5,000 10, 000 500 10, 000 500 4,000 400 1,000 1,000 51, 000 ■20, 000 400 50 15,000 2, 000 300 $20, OOb" 50,000 , 10, 000 45, 000 50, 000 25. 000 5,000 100, 000 50, OOO 100, 000- 50, OOO 40, OOO 20, OOO 10,000 100, 000 50, 000 200, OOO lb, 000 50, OOO 150, 000 200, 000 30, 000 1, 365, 000 28 EEPOET OF THE GOVEENOK OF UTAH. I4st of companies organized and inoorporated An Utah Territory, and filed in the office of the secretary thereof, during the year ending July SI, 1891. LAND, STOCK, AND WATER COMPAKLES. Alturas Land and Irrigation Co Biiffalo Park Land Co <3aflton Town Lot and Kesort Co Deseret Live Stock Co JSat Canyon "Water, Co Marble, Land, and Irrigation Co Oquirrn Water and Land Co Itdecoe Stock Co - -^ Swan Lake Reservoir and Canal Co . Utali Water Co Total capitalization . No. of Bliares. 5,000 5,000 7,500 9,000 1,000 250, 000 4,000 500 750, 000 30, 000 Parvalofi of camtal stock. . $500, (too 500,000 75,dD0 90,000 5,000 500, 000 400,000 50,000 760,000 3, 000, 000 5, 870, 000 MERCANTILE COMPANIES. ' TfJae Arbogast Confectionery Co Ad^a & Son'siCo . ; -American Investment Co 'Bebrtpn &Co iBariies, Lewis & Co. ■ Blythe-Nease Mercantile Co Oroyden Sandstone Co Central Progress Co , •Central Utah Wool Co David James & Co Deseret Investment Co , . . Carl's JFurnlture and Caipet Co Eclipse G-rooery and Fruit Co, . 1 Eagle Cracker Manufacturing Co Reed Eurnitureand Carpet Co The Pair. F. Piatt Co Godbe Mercantile Co Oates-Snow Furniture Co Henry Dinwoodey Furniture Co Hudsbu-Hadley Mining-and Milling Co Hardy-Tonng Co Kaysville Cooperative Mercantile Co Xynne Mercantile Co Loudon Tailoring Co Midgley & Sons Co Mill Creek Lumber and Building Co '. Metropolitan Stone Co Mountain Stone Co , Mason & Co , , . . ■Ogden Liimber and Building Co Parker & Depew Price Trading Co Taoiiic Lumber and Building Co Rowe, Morris, Summer Bag Co Strong Brothers Co Sells Lime, Cement and Rock Co Sears & Liddell Co - Smoot Drug Co Salt Lake free Stone Co Sears & Jeremy Co Taylor Brother's Utah Book and Stationery Co Xrtah Plumbing and Supply Co XT tall Canning Co A. H. Wright, Son & Co Women' s Cooperative Mercantile and Manufacturing Institution W. P. Noble Mercantile Co Washington Rock Co Wasatch Stone Co TaylorviUe Cooperative Mercantile and Manufacturing Association. Total capitalization 5,397 000 2,000 5,000 1,000 500 1,200 2,500 5,000 7,500 1,000 5,000 2,000 1, 000 500 2,500 600 1,000 500 5,000 500 2,000 200,000 1,200 3,000 500 1,500 5,000 2,000 100,000 50, 000 1,500 500 600 400 15,000 650 1,000 100, 000 1,000 75 50, 000 6,000 6.000 1,000 100, 000 500 1,000 1,000 1,000 200 5,000 5,000 $5o;dlx) 60.000 100, (no 50,000 30,0d0 25,000 50,000 75,000 10,000 50,000 200,000 100,000 50,000 25,000 30,000 50,000 60,000 60,000 50,000 200,000 2,000,000 120,000 30,000 50,000 15,000 50,000 20,000 100,000 50, 000 15Q,0M $0,006,. 60,000 /' «,fl» : 160,000; 85,000 10,000 100,000 60,000 7,500 500, 000 50, 000 50,000 50,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 i),000 50,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 29 lAat of oompdnies organized and inoorpoi-ated in Utah Territory, etc. — Continued. BAiTKS. No. of shares. Par value . of capital ' stock. Bank of Commerce Eames Banking Co Citizens' Bank, Ogden, trtah . Ma^ti City Savings Bank^. . . . , Park City Bank .. , Total capitalization. 1,000 /500 2,000 > iSoo 500 ■ $100, ooa 25, OOO ■ 200, OOO 25, 000- 50, 000 400, 000. MISCELLAISTEOTIS COEPOEATIONS. American Hotel and Improvement Co American National Gas Co L Brigham Young Trust Co City Theater Co Central Hotel Co Citizens' Bnilding and Loan Association / Dooly Block Empire Steam Laundry Co Eureka. Gas Saving Co i'ainnm BuildingCo Gumey Cab andUelivery Co Green Biver Consolidated Oil Co .;... Home Saving and Building Association Iowa and Utah Fruit Co Junction City Driving Park Association Jennings Bros. Investment Co IjOgan Building and Benefit Society Mifier- "Windsor Co McCormick Building Co Ogden Driving Park and Fair Association Ogden Club Ogden Steam Laundry Co Odd PeHowa Building Association '... Prove Lake Resort Co Pionfeer Library Association Parley's Park Scenic Resort Co -- IUt«rBros. Drug Co V. SM.tair Beach Co Q^ades ITnioif Building Co Times Publishing Co di^bnne Job Printing Co , tft^ Slaughtering Co ' , TTiUon Publishing Co XrtaliConnty Troy Steam Laundry Co Utah Gas Co Utah OU Co...... , ■Western Bill Posting Co ■Western Light and Fuel Co > , ■Wasatch IJnving Park and Fair Assoeiation 200 . 500, 000 5,000 100 500 10, 000 2,000 2,500 2,500 1,200 5,000 100, 000 50,000 200 500 3,000 10, 000 10, 000 3,000 800 200 120 1,000 1,000 4,000 300 500 2,500 5,000 300 300 1,500 5,000 200 200, 000 100, 000 500 100, 000 200 $20, 000- 4,000, 000' 500,000 10,000 50, 000> 100, 000. 200, 000. , > 25,000. 25,000- . 30,000 SO, 000 1,000,000 5,000,000 10, OOP- 50, 000 300,000- 1, 000, 000' 100, 000. 300. 000- 20, 000- 20, 000- 12,000 40,000 50, 000 100,000- 15, 00» 60, 000- 250, 000- 500, 000 30, 000 30, 000- 150, 000 50, OOO 10, 000' , 200, 000- 1, 000, oOO 5,000 1, 000, 000- 5, 000 Total capitalization. 15, 802,000' 30 EEPOET OF THE GOVEBNOK OF UTAH. JStatements showing the production of wheat, oats, rye, barley, eorn, potatoes, beets, hay, lucerne, orchard fruits, vineyards, vegetables, cotton, wool, butter, cheese, dried fruits, honey, vinegar, sorghum, wine, and cider, as reported by the county assessors. WHEAT. [80 cents per bushel.] Counties. Acres. Bushels. Average number of bushels to acre. Standing, in order of produc- tion. Standing, in order of yield per acre. Value. leaver 3ox Elder... Ca«he.i ~ Davis - . Emery 14 6 9 ti, 3^. 85 25, 125. 00 'Oaclie : 29, 240. 70 Pavis ., 252, 111, 90 1,249.60 Giwadf ... p.... 964.75 Juab , 2,648.46 %i^r\ti , ..,...-.., 1,491.00 ituiard - 20.40 Pi xrte 3, 849. 00 Bioh 3,082.50 Salt Lake 7, 533. 60 41.40 San Pete 2,250.00 Sevier 2,521.50 3,704J10 2,9U>32 TJintah 1,890,00 trtah .' 113,472:15 "Weber 42,058iS0 Total 2,597 16,688,841 6,426 500, 666, 23 36 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statements showing tJie produotion of wheat, oats, rye, etc.— WnSTB AND C1DBE.J [■Wine, 90 cents per gallon; cider, 35 cents per gallon.] ■Continued. "Wine. ' Cider. Counties. feaUons. Standing in order of pro-' duction. Value. GallonB. Standing in order of pro- duction. 1 Value. 25 420 726 565 13 7, 5' 6 $8.75 Box Elder . 3U 1,028 196 ■^ 1,056 82 150 7 4 8 14 3 10 9 $282.60 925.20 176.40 18.00 950.40 73.80 135. 00 147.00 254.10 197.75 375 137 3f 8 10 12 131.25 47-95 10.85 .10 io - 3,550 10 1,952 73 11 65.70 3 1,242.50 4 683.20 Summit '. Tooele Utah : ■Washington ■Weber ■Wasatch 20 930 3,520 23,987 480 30 13 6 2 1 6 12 18. 00 837. 00 3,168.00 21,588.30 432.00 27.00 200 49,637 100 3,650 ' 9 1 11 2 70.00 17,372.95 35.00 ■ . 1,277.50 31, 886 28,697.40 61, 368 ■ 21, 478. 80 COTTOK. [11 cents per pound.] County. Acres. Pounds. Average number of pounds to acre. Value. 7 4, 200 600 $162.00 \ ' WOOL. [16^ cents per pound.] Counties. Standing Pounds. in order of product. 196,993 10 or 13 .243,670 10 6,302 23 38,785 20 590,550 5 88,940 16 15 ^5 933,100 ^^2 664,737 4 456,356 6 230,122 ll 22,211 21 132, 225 14 1,100 24 889, 017 3 11,010 19 1,477.968 1 325,805 8 19,983 22 895,239 7 245,466 9 228,588 12 54,000 18 113,268 15 57,612 17 Value. Beaver Box Elder . Cache Davis Emery..... Garfield . . . G-raud Iron . - .' — Juab Kane Millard — Morgan — Pi me Eich . Salt lake — San Juan San Pete Sevier Summit Tooele TJintah Utah ■Washington. ■Weber ■Wasatch $32,503. 10,205. 1, 039. 6, 069. 97,140. 11, 675. 2. 151, Oil. 109,681. 7S, 298. 37,970. 3,661. 21,817. 165. 116, 687. 6, 766. 213, 861. 53,757, 3, 297, 65, 211. 10,501. 37, 717. 8, 910. 18, 689. 9, 505. 00 Total J 7,151,252 1, 229, 456. 58 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 37 Statementa showing the jproducUon of wheat, oate., rye, etc. — Continued. BUTTER AND CHEESE. [Butter, 17i cents per pound; cheese, 15 cents per ponnd.] Counties. Beaver Box Elder Cache Davie Emery G-arfield Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard Morgan PiUte Eich Salt Lake San Juan San Pete Sevier ^Summit Tooele Uintah iitrtah . '"Washington . , IWeber VjWasatch Total 1,877,447 Butter. Pounds. 28, 023 77, 422 238, 275 161, 543 37, 470 14, 137 2,430 20, 940 39, 429 17,192 28, 822 45, 495 29, 600 29,405 201, 894 2,824 155, 400 50, 200 93, 381 19, 330 25.360 206, 149 23, 760 249, 970 49, 000 Standiaig in order ■ of pro- duotioii. Value. 904. 03 548. 85 698. 12 270. 03 557.25 473. 98 425. 25 664. 50 900. 07 008. 60 043. 85 961. 63 180. 00 145.87 331.45 493. 50 195. 00 785. 00 341.68 382. 75 438.00 076. 07 158.00 744.75 575.00 323, 303. 24 Cheese. Pounds. 120 14, 662 56,016 225 1,600 58, 625 630 26,820 ,125 8,730 125 5,530 27, 720 1,080 2,000 13,960 2,225 150 320 10, 372 3,500 13,580 1,200 247, 876 St^ding in order of pro- duction. Talue. $18. 00 2, 199. 30 8, 402. 40 33.75 225. 00 • 8, 793. 00 97.00 4, 023. 00 • 18.75 1, 309. 50 18.75 529. 50 4, 158. 00 99.00 162. 00 300. 00 2, 094. 00 333. 75 22.50 48.00 1, 565. 80 525.00 2,037.00, 180. 00 \ 37, 181. 25 DEIED APEICOTS, PLUMS, AND PEAKS. [Apricots, 12J cents per pound; plums, 12^ cents per ponnd; pears, 10 cents per pound.] Dried apricots. Dried plums. Dried pears. Counties. Pounds. Standing in order of pro- duction. Value. Pounds. Standing in order of pro- duction. Value. Pounds. Standing in order of pro- ^ du<>tion. Value. '1 50 75 5 3 $6.25 9.38 480 415 125 5 6 It) $60. 00 51.88' 16.63 50 « 75 . 7, 200 100 7 6 1 6 $5.00 liaTis - .. 7.50 {xflrfield 720.00 10. 0« V^tA ' 220 170 300 1,539 25 65 100 7I? 855 1,650 8 9 7 a 14 12 11 13 4 3 1 27.60 21.25 37.60 192. 37 3.12 8.13 12.60 3.75 94.63 106.87 206.26 ' Pi TT+A SaltLaike 25 , 6 3.12 1,404 2 140.40 100 2 12. 50' 100 5 10.00 Utah . 65 11, 590 4 1-. 6.88 1,448.75 292 4 29.20, ■Washington 700 3 70.00 Total 11, 896 1,486,88 6,731 841.38 9^921 992.10 38 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statements showing the production of wheat, oats, rye, eic— Continued. DEIED APPLES AKD PEACHES. [i.ppl68, 6 cents per pound; peaches, 11 cents per pound.] Counties. Dried apples. Founds. Standing in order of pro- duction. Value. Dried peaches. Pounds. Standing in order of pro- duction. Value. Box Elder.... Cache Davis Emery (jarfleld^ Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard tiXTte Salt Lake San iTuan San Fete Seyier Tooele trtah ■Washington . Weber Total . 3,302 29, 911 8,650 100 140 $192. 12 1, 794. 66 519. 00 6.00 8.40 500 12, 079 5,820 2,018 400 11,^989 30.00 724. 74 349. 20 121. 08 24.00 719. 34 18, 173 350 462 68, 922 13, 276 21, 175 1, 090. 38 2L00 27.72 4, 135. 32 796. 56 1, 270. 50 7,738 2 $851, 18 2,726 SO 625 1,902 4 14 9 6 299.86 6.50 68.75 909.22 426 10 46.86 400 1,524 380 100 11 7 12 13 44.00 167.64 41.80 11.00 800 156,284 2,000 197, 167 11,830.02 178, 88.00 400.18 17, 19L 24 220.00 19, 645. 23 BEES AND HONEY. [Hires, $7 each; honey, 9 cents per pound.] Counties. Hives of bees. Number. Standing in order of num- ber. Value. Honey. Founds. Standing in order ofpro- ducllon. Value. Box Elder . . Cache Davis Emery Qrand Iron Ju^b Eane Hillard Morijran FiXfte Salt Lake- . . San Juan . . . San Pete Sevier Summit Tooele Uintah trtah "Washington Weber "Wasatch Total . 37 580 2,431 2,125 935 68 536 701 262 70 235 14 1,953 15 1,623 845 4 272 409 4,699 351 2,137 68 $259. 00 1,060.00 ', 017. 00 1, 875. 00 1,545.00 476.00 I, 759. 00 1, 907. 00 .,834.00 490.00 ., 645. 00 98.00 1, 671. 00 105. 00 ., 361'. 00 ), 915. 00 28.00 ., 904. 00 !, 863. 00 !,893.00 1, 457. 00 1, 959. 00 476. 00 1,655 12, 433 78,552 81,875 42, 720 3,870 23, 269 26, 015 19, 732 2,553 5,170 158 67, 978 1,460 54,381 28,305 7,054 17, 940 311, 009 7,308 59, 750 1,200 $148.95 1,118.97 7,069.68 7,368.75 3,844.80 348.30 2,094.21 2,341.35 1,775.88 229.77 465. 3P 14.22 6, 118. OS! 131.40 4,894.29 2,547.45 634.89 1,614.60 27, 990. 81 657.72 5,377.50 108.00 20, 371 142, 597. 00 854, 387 76, 894. 83 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. Statements showing the production of wheat, oats, rye, eta. — Continued. TINEGAK AND SOEGHUM. [Vinegar, 25 cents per gallon ; aorgiuni, 65 cents per gallon.] 39 Vinegar. Sorghum. Counties. Gallons. Standing in order ofpro- dju-tion. Value. 1 Gallons. Standing in order of pro- duction. Value. Beaver 159 1, 103 465 3,098 25 13 ? 3 17 27S!.75 116.25 774. 50 6.25 Box Elder 980 13,726 7,073 500 40 790 574 100 3,120 3,'678 3,062 910 1,700 265 807 276 1,470 10,549 2; 980 10 1 1 15 19 13 14 18 6 5 7 11 9 17 12 16 4 2 8 $635. PO 8,921.90 4, 597. 45 325. 00 26.00 513. 50 375.10 65.00 2,028.00 2, 390. 70 1,990.30 591 50 Davis Garfleld .-. Grand . 260 213 105 108 460 1,525 10 12 16 15 8 4 65.00 53.25 2P.25 . 27.00 ,* 115. 00 381. 25 Kaine ' Millard . . PiUte - ; SsItXake... Si^n Jn^-n , SaiPete 1,250 405 120 218 9,653 260 8,480 5 9 14 11 1 10 2 312.50 101.25 30.00 54.50 2,413.25 65.00 2,120.00 1,105.00 172. 25 524.55 179' 40 trintah ■. Utah ' 4, 205. 60 6,856.85 1,937.00 ■Weber.:. Total 27, 907 6, 976. 75 57, 600 37,440.00 Industrial and commercial statement iy counties for the year ending December 31, 1890, Counties. Expended for private buildings. Expended forpublio buildings. Beaver . ... . ' $11, 050 53,450 143,640 74,766 56,425 11,400 86,495 7,130 7,009 7,700 14,750 5,826,451 67, 300 33,125 49,900 13.375 406, 321 1,481,645 15,400 18,000 $800 7,500 Cache . . 32, 350 Davis ;. .- - 14, 125 8,350 4,500 Juab 30, 123 2,000 Pi Ijte 450 B,ich 2,350 15,400, 15, 325 5oa TTmtah 1,000 Utab ' 220,050 87,000 7,100 8, 385, 323 448, 923 40 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Industrial and commercial statement ty counties, etc. — Continued. htdusteial concerns. Countiee. NTiml)er operat- ing in 1890. Hands em- ployed. Wages paid. Value of plant. Value of ' raw- material. Value of annual product. Horse- power em- ployed. Capital invested.' 8 5 14 14 7 10 1 4 19 3 1 64 15 85 211 496 24 1 27 121 16 2 10 26 17 1,512 331 7 162 30 317 405 79 $23, 688 5,700 28,670 82,700 , 451,755 1 4,982 $35,930 22,960 146,900 40,200 233,000 3,270 500 38,800 110, 850 5,200' 10,000 2,900 10,500 11,250 1,701,500 52,825 22,000 260,466 21,800 244,830 531,400 62,000 $17, 160 25,000 190,800 311,075 69,000 3,775 $43,764 75,888 260,020 247,300 502,050 8,900 135 $47, 600 30, 100 609 244 85 35 16 166,900 74,000 Emery 223,500 4,175 600 14, 175 60,341 3,370 333 2,200 3,900 2,000 88»,177 76,330 3,460 75,986 1,300 38,134 269, 800 18, 800 4,040 1,122,252 5,998 6,483 36, 000 21,450 26, 300 939,417 84,595 52,200 24,200 31,400 270,360 14,298 8,012 19,600 23,380 32. 300 2,485,875 258, 135 6,120 103, 886 60, 000 374,821, 189, 300 151,000 54,540 Juab 268 46 35 20 122 80 91, 375 5,500 Millard 10, 000 6,400 Pi Tile a 4 88 34 5 8 5 23 33 8 47, 500 Eich 18; 250 2, 082, 915 San Pete 683 124 197 45 371 990 125 78,050 Sevier . 24,000 189,066 36,500 trtai 259,920 337,200 7,000 501,480 539,400 ^WaeWngton 106,000 Total 305 3,908 2,050,801 3,569,071 3, 533, 855 6,366,409 4,130 4, 336, 751 STORES. Counties. Num- ber. Capital in- vested. Amount of annual N'umbei of em- ployes. Wa^es , paid. - Beaver Box Elder. . . Cache Davis Emery Garfleld G-rand Iron Juab Kane Millard Morgan KTrte Eicb Salt I/ake . . . ' Sau Juan.... San Pete Sevier Summit Tooele TJtali Weber "Washington Wahsatch... Total.. • 60 40 34 6 2 11 63 7 24 9 16 7 876 4 80 23 43 19 112 186 20 13 , 127,-770 ' 666, 007 133, 267 152, 339 31, 300 1,500 41, 832 231, 827 26,426 60, 630 29, OOO 20,220 8,515 14, 703, 078 6,000 233, 838 60, 000 327, 220 47, 475 689, 250 2, 174, 300 87, 900 66, 960 $271, 534 407, 800 1, 265, 653 320, 840 381,971 54,000 6,000 92, 500 1, 194, 838 63, 000 125,500 67,500 74,800 35, 000 29,794,370 17, 800 783, 295 212, 210 872, 548 160, 150 2,141,660 6,909,715 233,400 143, 600 " 55 173 45 61 13 1 19 89 11 33 13 11 6 5,667 7 140 40 76 18 288 827 33 14 $15, 280 23,705 87,636 20, 430 28,840 4,380 600 5,633 42, 130 4,660 10,035 5,675 3,350 1,680 3, 819, 232 2.520 58,350 12,600 63,768 9,800 142, 572 467, 470 16, 675 7, 800 20, 013, 139 45, 629, 684 7,669 4,854,641 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 41 Statement showing the amount of coal mined in Utah, 1890. County. Emery .. Emery . . ' Summit . Total. Locality. Castle Gate... Scofleld Coalville No. of mines. Uo.of hands em^ ployed. 200 235 139 Wages paid annually. $150, 000 186, 265 64, 906 574 j Value of p^ant. $150, 000 70, 000 250, 000 470,361 Amount of annual product. Lump. Slack. Nut. ICake. Tons. 92, 422 174; 649 27,733 Tons. 25,641 27, 233 294, 804 Ton«. 8,394 8,394 County. Emery . . Summit. Locality. Value of annual Tr„„„ „„„„ product at Horse-power mines. Castle Gate . Scofleld Coalville Total . O-^ $173, 527 335, 756 63, 236 employed. 250 40 140 Character of horse-power. Steam . -.-do--. ..-do... Capital invested.. $200, OOO 215, 000 175, qoo 590, OOO Statement showing the amount of salt produced ly evaporation of the waters of Great Salt Zake during the year 1890, as reported hy the persons manwfacilnring it. i Adams & Klesel Salt Co., Syracuse .^ 4 Deseret Salt Co., Farmington Jeremy ;& Co., North Point ' Crwilliam Bros., Hooper A. H.Nelson, Brigham City .,.--.., People's Forwarding Co., Lake Shore r. ' .Inland Salt Co., Saltair '. -i Total : ' ' * ' '/ N - * Discontinued for this year. The increase in the production over 1890' is 78.44 per cent. 1891. Tons. 20,000 Id, 000 13, 000 7^000 (*) 8,000 90, 000 148, OOO 1890. Tons. 15, 000 9,051 10, 000 6,000 2, 60(> 6,000 40, 000. 88, 551 PISCICULTURE. Two million five liiiadred thousand shad fry were sent to the Terri- tory in 1891, and put into the Bear Eiver and the Bear and Mud Lakes. ; The shad fry put into the Jordon Eiver and Utah Lakeinl887-'88 will soon be reaiiy for the market. LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT. I went to Washington City in January last, and presented to the Judiciary Committee of the Senate statistical tables showing the gross injustice done, to the rapidly growing portions of the Territory by the /existing apportionment. This apportionment was made in 1887, and was based upon the estimated population of the counties at that time. The census of 1890 showed very clearly the necessity for the reappor- f tionment. The Judiciary Committee sent to the Senate Committee on Appropriations an amendment providing for a reapportionment, with a retjommendation that it be placed in the legislative and executive and judicial appropriation bill, which was done, and it passed both Houses and became a law. Under the authority given by the law the Utah Commission met as aboard of apportionment and reappcJrtioned the Ter- ^tory. 42 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. It is but just to tHe Commission to say that the work was done in a careful and conscientious manner and with a due regard for the inter- ests of all. I do not think there is on the statute books of any State or Territory of the Union a fairer apportionment. THE POLITICAL SITUATION. DELEGATE ELECTION. At the election for Delegate to Congress held November 4, 1890, John T. Caine, the candidate of the People's party received 16,353 votes; Charles 0. Goodwin, the candidate of the Liberal party, 6,912 votes, and 28 votes were cast for other persons. The contest was a most aggressive one. For the first time the Liberals made an effort to reach the Mormon voters in the outlying counties. Political mass meetings^ were held which were well attended, and considerable enthusiasm manifested. The Mormon people made special efforts to poll a large vote against Judge Goodwin because of the conspicuous part he has taken as a leader of the Liberal party during the past 10 years, and Increased their vote 3,428 over the Delegate election of 1888. The vote polled for Judge Goodwin was the largest ever cast for a candidate of the Liberal party, or for any uon-Morinon candidate. The Morinon majority was 9,411. i OGDEN MUNICIPAL ELECTION. A municipal election was held in Ogden in February last. The con- test was between the candidates of the Liberal party and the candi- dates of a combination formed between the People's party and a num- ber of dissatisfied Liberals called the Citizens' party, and resulted in the election of the Citizens' candidate, a non-Mormon, by Iff majority. The Liberals elected the other city ofl&cers and a majority of the city council. ELECTION OP THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. On August 3 last elections were held for members of the legislative assembly, and for Territorial, county, and precinct offtcers. This was in , some respects the most important election ever held in the Territory. Prfevious to the election the People's party had formally disbanded and its members commenced to unite with Eepublican and Democratic organ- izations formed throughout the Territory. Tickets were nominated by Liberal, Eepublican, and Democratic convention8,and after an exciting and interesting campaign the election resulted in the Democrats carry- ing the Territory, on the basis of the votes cast for the members of the House, by 6,413 majority over the Liberals, and 7,022 majority over the Eepublicans, 374 votes less than the combined Liberal and Eepublican vote. On the vote for members of the legislative council the Demo- cratic majority was 6,958 over the Liberals and 7,972 over the Eepub- licans, or 561 plurality. The election returns can not be regarded as reliable so far as the strength of the parties is concerned. In about one-half the Territory the Eepublicans had effected no organization, and in socie of the legis- lative, districts had no tickets at the polls. The Liberal vote polled was larger than at any previous election despite the defection of Liberals who had joined the Eepublican and Democratic parties. In the county elec REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. , 43 tions the Liberals carried Salt Lake, Summit, Juab, and Gra,nd coun- ties by decisive inajorities. In the former Liberal county of Weber the Deinocratic ticketwas elected, but the combined Liberal and Eepublican Yote was 279 in excess of the Democractic vote. POLYGAMY. In my report of September 9, 1890, I discussed at some length the' statements which had been put forth to the efiect that the Mormon Church had refused some time previous thereto to sanction polygamous marriages, and, referring to the unsatisfactory character of the evidence furnished, said: Under its systwm of government the church has but one way of defining its posi- tion, and that is by a public declaration either from the head of the church addressed ' to the people or by the action of the people in conference assembled. No such dec^ laratiou has ever been made nor action taken, and probably never ■will be. Tliere is no reason to believe that any earthly power can extort from the church any such declaration. It may be truthfully said that the church has determined that if polygamy is to be uprooted the Government must perform the task, as it will never do on its part any, act that will indicate an abandonment of polygamy. My opinion was based upon the course of the Mormon people in the past; I do not think there is anything in their history up to the date of the report which would have justified any one in saying they had abandoned a practice which they declared to be a vital part of their • religion in the folloydiig emphatic language:' Among the principles of our religion is that of immediate revelations from God. One of the doctrines so revealed is celestial or plural marriage, for which osten- sibly we are stigmatized and hated. This is a vital part of our religion, the de- cisions of courts to the contrary notwithstanding. I accepted this as being a correct statement of their position. It was only corroborative of the opinion which it seems to me every man would have formed who had studied their history. I believed they were sincere in supporting polygamy, and would remain so, and said so. On September 25, 1890, sixteen days after I filed my report, the pr^i- dent of the church issued the following proclamation or manifesto : To whom it may eoncem: Press dispatches having been sent for political purposes from Salt Lake City, which have been widely published, to the effect that the Utah Commission, in their recent report to the Secretary of the Interior, allege that plural marriages are sibill being solemnized, and that 40 or more such marriages have been contracted in Utah since last June or during the past year ; also that in public discourses the leaders of the church have taught, encouraged, and urged the continuance of the practice of polygamy : I, ftiere&re, as president of tlie Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, do hereby, in the most solemn manner, declare that these charges are false. We are not teaching polygamy, or plural marriage, nor permitting any person to enter into its practice, and I deby that either 40 or any number of plural marriages have dur- ing that period been solemnized in our temples or in any other place in the Terri- tory. One case has been reported, in which the parties alleged that the marriage was performed in the endowment ^ouse, in Salt Lake City, in the spring of 1889, but I have not been able to learn who performed the ceremony ; whatever was done in the matter was without my knowledge. In consequence of this alleged occurrence the endowment house was, by my instractions, taken down without delay. Inasmuch as laws have been enacted by Congress forbidding plural marriages, which laws have been pronounced constitutional by the court of last resort, I hereby declare my intention to submit to those laws, and to use my influence with the mem- bers of the church over which I preside to have them do likewise. There is nothing in my teachings to the church or in those of my associates, dur- ing the time specified, which can be reasonably construed to inculcate or encour- 44 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. age polygamy, and when any elder of the church has used language which appeared' to convey any such teaching he has been promptly reproved, and I now publicly-, declare that my advice to the Latter Day Saints is to refrain from contracting any marriage forbidden bv the laws of the land. WiLFORD WOODKUFF, President of the Church of Jesm Christ of Latter Day Saints. And on October 6, 1890,,twenty-seven days after, at the general confer- i ence of the church, on motion of Lorenzo Snow, an apostle of the church, the action of the president was indorsed, and the manifesto accepted by the people in the following language : I I move that, recognizing Wilford Woodruff as the president of the Church of jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and the only man on the earth at the present time ; who holds the keys of the sealing ordinances, we consider him fully authorized by virtue of his position to issue the manifesto which has been read in our heai'ing and which is dated September 24, 1890, and that, as a church in general conferencfe as- sembled, we accept his declaration concerning plural marriage as authoritative and binding. ■The unexpected had happened, and the president and people had taken action in the most authoritative way. This was an event which ;; can not fail to vitally affect the future of the Territory. The addres$e8;| made to the people at the time .the proclamation was ratified should be read in connection with the proclamation in order to (understand the force of this action in prescribing a rule of conduct to the Mormon "peo- ple. It is generally known that the doctrine of polygamy rested on a supposed revelation to Joseph Smith, the founder of the sect, and sb long as this revelation remained unrevoked and not suspended, to the , orthodox ]\J!ormon it was superior to any human laws iu conflict with ,,' its scope and meaning, and while he might submit to the force of a con- flicting law, he pever could give it more thaii a passive obedience. This proclamation, in the proceedings of the confereilce, is not called a revelation, and, perhaps, it is not considered as strictly such, but it is distinctly asserted it is put forth by permission of the Lord, granted,** in answer to prayer on the subject) and by the only man on earth who holds the keys of the sealing power. Whethet it is put forth as a com- ^mafld from the Lord or only as permissive I have no doubt that, as they have been led to believe it was put forth by divine sanction, it wiU be received by the members of the Mormon Church as an authori- tative rule of conduct, and that, in eflfect, the practice of polygamy is ' formally renounced by the people. At the general conference October 6,1891, action was taken reaffirm- ing the action of October 6, 1890, with respect to polygamy. The action of the Mormon people has not wholly removed doubts in the minds of some as to its sincerity or finality, and it is urged that it is not a revela- tion, but is revocable, and with the power and opportunity given it would be revoked; that it does not advise obedience, but only submis-'- sion. When the Mormon people declared at a general gathering that polygamy was a vital part of their religion I accepted their action as a sincere expression of their views. Now that they have in the same public way resolved to refrain from violating t^ie law prohibiting polyg- amy in the future, I think their action should be regarded as sincere until there, is good reason for thinking otherwise. Every non-Mormon,:; has believed the time must come when polygamy would be renounced,!/ I^To one believed it could perpetually withstand the power of the law," the influence of the age, and comparison with its surroundings, and there is nothing strange in believing the time has come for the foMU-J mept of this expectation. The only danger which threatens the situation is the possibility of immediate statehood, which I have discussed elsewhere. REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 45 POLITIOAL, ACTION. While in every other portion of the country the people have united with some one of the great national parties, the Mormon people of Utah, fa-om the date of their first settlement in the Territory on July 24, 1847, down to the present year, have had their own political organization, and have acted as a unit in political inatters'. They neither acknowl- edged nor professed allegiance to any national political party. The non-Mormons of the Territory, while identifying themselves with national parties, have acted as a unit in local political matters, and the contests of the past have been Mormon vs. non-Mormon. This anoma- lous political condition was produced by , extraordinary causes which were entirely new in our country and not easily to be removed. The Mormon people throughout all their strange and eventful history have been taught by their leaders (the high priests of the church) that it was their religious duty to act as a unit in all matters temporal and spiritual ; that such a course was necessary to their safety, and that division would place them at the mercy of their enemies, the non-Mor- mons; that if they remained united they would undoubtedly triumph over their enemies and become the ruling power in the land politically and otherwise. This dream of power has undoubtedly controlled them in all their actions in Uta'h down to the present time. The non-Mormons have yielded their political convictions in local matters that they might more eftectually combat what they believed to be an attempt to establish in Utah, and ultimately thi'oughout the country, a system of government unknown to the Constitution and the laws, and foreign to the genius and spirit of our institutions. On these sharply defined lines the contest has been waged during all these years without any indication of a change. Of course it has been the hope and belief of every citizen during' the long contest that each succeeding year would witness a change, and that under the influence of a changed policy and happier conditions the people would gr.aduaUy bring the Territory into harmony with :the'law8 and institutions of the" nation. During the present year there has been unusual political activity. On February 22, 1891, the Ogden Daily Standard, a paper published, in the interests of the Mormon people, Announced in a leading editorial that it would hereafter be published in the interests of the Eepublican par.ty. On February 16, 1891, a mass meeting of Eepublicans of Weber Coimty was held at Ogden City, in which Mormons and non-Mormons participated, and a declaration of priaciplbs was adopted which favored a protective tariff, reciprocity, the support of the common schools, pen- sions to Union soldiers, free and unlimited coinage of American silver, and the following general declarations : We afSrm oiu- unswerving allegiance and loyal devotion to the national Constitu- tion and tile indissoluble union of the States. We believe in the supreme &nd lawful right of every lawful citizeli, rich or poor, native or foreign born, white or black, to cast one free, ballot at public elections, ;and have the ballot honestly counted. ' In support of these principles we solicit the cooperation of all patriotic citizens who are willing to accept them as their confession of political faith, without re- gard to color, nativity, previous condition, religious belief, or past political affiliation. A committee was appointed to prepare an address to the people of the Territory, urging the organization of the Eepublican party in Utah. Tlhe address was issued, and, briefly stated, claimed that the Eepub- lican party was the result of Democratic aggressions and misride, and 46 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. of a determination that slavery siiould not be extended inthe United States. It tlien proceeds to arraign the Democratic party as a party having but one principle, expressed in but' one word, "policy," and declares that the Eepublican party " is a party of advanced thought, of patriotism, and courage." On February 21, 1891, a mass meeting of Democrats was held at Oigden City, in which both elements of the population participated. A declaration of principles was adopted which, among other things, recites: We, the Democracy of Weber County, in mass convention assembled, hereby declare that, in our judgment, it is now proper and expedient that the Democratic party of Weber County should be more efficiently organized for the furtherance of the principles and doctrines of the party in the government of the county and its municipalities, and of the Territory and the nation. They also declared in favor of freedom from class legislation, indi- vidual liberty, against interference by the church with the affairs of state, or by the state with the church, against the " force billj" for ' revenue reform, and against free trade, and in favor of the free coin- age of silver. On May 5, 1891, the Salt Lake City Democratic Olub adopted an ad- dress to the people of Utah, which contained the usual declarations made in a Democratic platform, and farther declared : Believing as we do that the changed as well as the rapidly changing conditions in social and political status of this Territory justify; the abandonment of the political organizations which have heretofore existed, and that the time has now arrived when the political parties of the Territory should be formed upon the lines of national politics, leaving each individual citizen to choose for himself his affiliation with one or the other of the two great political parties of the country, according to his preference, and confident of the virtue, patriotism, and integrity of the mass of the people, we most cordially invite the people of Utah, without regard to previous political ftffiliations, who are willing to subscribe thereto, and abide the action of the Democratic party in its organized capacity, to join with us in our effort to build up a party in Utah in sympathy and harmony with the Democratic party of the nation. We are unalterably opposed to the disfranchisement of any pitizen except for crime, T^hereof he shall have been firftt duly convicted. Subsequently a call yas issued, signed by leading Democratic Lib- erals, for a mass meeting to be held in Salt Lake City on May 15, 1891, to ratify the address put forth by the Democratic club on May 5, 1891. The meeting was held, and speeches were made by leading Lib- erals and Mormons, and a resolution adopted indorsing the address. On May 20, 1891, pursuant to a call signed by leading Eepublican Liberals, a mass meeting was held at Salt Lake City for the purpose, as stated in the call, " to organize the Republican party in Utah upon national party lines." The meeting was largely attended, and the ques- tion as to whether the organization should take place ably presented on both sides by Liberal and Mormon speakers. The following resolutions were offered, and, being put to a vote, 3eclared adopted, despite the pro- test of a large number who declared the chairman in error : Besolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that political parties in Utah should be organized with reference to national questions and politics, and to act in har- mony with the national parties. That the general principles of the National Repnb- lican party are best adapted to promote the welfare of Utah and its people, and that the material and political condition of our Territory make it the duty of Republi cans to at once organize in harmony with the national Republican party. And invite all voters of Whatever former party or political affiliations to join our party and assist in perfecting such organization. Besolved, That the chairman of this meeting appoint a committee of seven to take steps to perfect a/jounty Republican organization for Salt Lake County, and a com- mittee of seven to take steps to perfect a Territorial Republican organization in conjunction with committees from other counties. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF tJTJCH. '47 ■ Oa May 23, 1861, a call was published, signed by leading Democratic Hberals of Salt Lake City, inviting the Democrats "who believe that the^ time has not yet come to abandon the Liberal party," to meet on Monday, May 25, 1891. The meetipg was attended by a large number, and the following resolution adopted : ' *"* JJe»ole«(i, By the Democrats of Salt Lake City in mass convention assembled, n^airly 1,000 in number, that the Democrats of Salt Lake City are true to the Liberal party and ask all loyal citizens to stand with them shoulder to shoulder for Ameri- can principles. On May 23, 1891, the Territorial Liberal committee met at Salt Lak"fe City, Utah, and unanimously adopted the following resolutions: We, the Ten-itorial Liberal committee of Utah Territory, in meeting assembled for the purpose of considering the question as to the future interests and welfare of the Liberal party in Utah, present the following preamble and resolutions : • Whereas for upward of twenty years last past there has been a party in this Ter- ritory that has stood for American principles and American ideas, composed of men of all shades of national political belief, and who have stood here shoulder to shoul- . der, fighting a theocracy ; and Whereas during all that period, and for twenty years prior to that time, this the-, ocratic government stood as a menace to American institutions, and with a solid front opposed to the just execu"tion of Government laws ; and Whereas during all these years they were bound by political, social, and commer- cial ties such as never before bound a people together in this country, and Whereas this opportunity of dividing on national party lines has been ever present, i nthey have, with a unanimity repiarkable in its character, never suggested or inti- mated the advisability of so doing until the present time ; kad. Whereas the reasons for their pres'ent anxiety is so patent and unmistakable as to make their pledges of party fealty, to say the least, questionable ; and Whereas we believe a great part of the mission of the Liberal party has been ful- filled, yet there still remains important work for it to do: Therefore be it Besolved, That we do not indorse, sanction, or countenance in any way the attempt on the part of a few men who formerly affiliated with the Liberal party to disrupt that organization, because we believe that dismemberment means statehood^ and in our opinion Utah will not be prepared for statehood until the iron hand of the- Bhurch is removed from the politiqal throat of its adherents. ' Sesolved, That while we congratulate the Mormon Church on the stand it has taken, on polygamy and trust onr belief in its sincerity is not misplaced, and while we hope that, with education, from within tijeir own ranks the time may speedily come when their constituents shall be able to take part intelligently, from individual conviction and not from priestly dictation, in national politics, yet we can not be- lieve from their past record that their sudden change of heart can with safety be relied upon. Besolved, That we hereby appeal to all Liberals of Utah, irrespective of party, to stand firm in advocating and disseminating the doctrines that have won for us such splendid victories and so magnificently advanced onr material prosperity through- ont the Telrritory, believing as we do that the great majority of the Liberal party will in its wise judgment be able to decide when the time is ripe and proper for national division on party lines. On May 24, 1891, the Salt Lake Herald, having passed, as was claimed, under the control of Democrats formerly identified with the Liberal Jparty, announced that it would hereafter be published as the organ of Wie Utah Democracy. ■ Previous to this time the Salt Lake Evening Times had given its support to the movement in favor of the organization of the Eepubli- can party. On May 29, 1891, in response to a call issued by the central commit- tee, the precinct committees and the club officers of the People's party (Mormon) of Salt Lake County met and, after a spirited discussion, unan- imously a.dopted the following resolutions : ""< Whereas the People's party has been maintained for the purposes of resisting attempts to curtail and destroy the political rights and privileges of the majority of ' the people of Utah, and its chief opponent has been the so-called "Liberal" party, whose members, while entertaining different views on national politics, have com- bined on local issues ; and 48 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Whereas there is a manifest disposition on the part of both the Republicans and Democrats to dissolve the unnatural union that has heretofore bound them together, to accord full rights and privileges to all citizens,- and to afford them opportunity for organizing with the national parties and espousing the respective political creedi to which their individual consciences may incline; and Whereas the existence of local 2Jolitical parties to the exclusion of the great political parties is an anomaly which ought not to exist in any part of the nation unless made necessary by special conditions and emergencies, a fact which has ever "been recognized by the members of the People's party ; and Whereas the necessity which has heretofore existed for the maintenance of the People's party seems to be passing away in the change of conditions, and its members are desirous of realizing the hope they have long entertained of resuming and tak- ing their respective places in the national parties as soon as the public safety would permit ; ^ With the hope that former animosities may be obliterated and local differences for- gotten in a united effort, by all classes of citizens, to promote the growth, develop- ment, and progress of that grand Commonwealth which our fathers founded in the great American desert : Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That it is the sense of the People's county central committee, the precinct ■committees, and the officers of the political clubs iu Salt Lake County that the Peo- ple's party should be dissolved and its members left free to ally themselves with the respective national parties according to their individual preferences. On June 10, 1891, tlie "People's Territorial central committee" (Mormon) met at Salt Lake City, Utah, and unanimously adopted the following resolutions : Whereas a radical change has taken place in the political situation in this Terri- tory the progressive people of various parties having determined to bury old strifes, to Idissolve merely local combinations, and to make national questions paramount ; Whereas both Democrats and Republicans, wiio formerly united with the so-called " Liberal" party for the purpose of overcoming the People's party, have severed their connection and have organized under their respective party titles and principles ; Whereas each of these organizations has repudiated the "liberal" policy, de- signed to destroy the political liberties of the majority of our people, and have declared against disfranchisement except for crime determined by due process of law; Whereas they have each invited the citizens of Utah, regardless of difference in religious views, to join with them in working for the political redemption of this Territory ; Whereas the chief necessity for the existence of the People's party has been the compact union and destructive designs of the "liberal" faction, which is now in process of reluctant dissolution ; Whereas the PeoplePs party has always cherished the great principles of popular sovereignty, local self-government, and national supremacy in national affairs, which both the great political parties recognize whUe differing as to minor matters; Whereas several of the county organizations of the People's party have deter- mined that the time has come when they can safely dissolve their local party asso- ciations and can labor more efficiently both for the welfare of Utah and the growth and glory of the United States by uniting with one or other of the national parties; and Whereas it is desirable that the dissensions and struggles which have heretofore hindered the development and progress of the Territory should be left behind and obliterated in the march of its people toward their hig destiny. Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That it is the sense of the Territorial central committee of the People's party of Utah that the party throughout the Territory should dissolve and leave its members free to unite with the great national parties according to their individ- ual preferences. On June 13, 1891, in response to a call issued, a meel^ing of the Terri- torial Republican committee was held and the following resolutions unanimously adopted, with but one exception: Resolved, That the declarations made by the convention which appointed this committee are still binding Jipon this committee. Resolved, That we hold that the division by loyal men on party lines in Utah at this time would be an irrevocable fatal mistake, as it would place the absolute rule of the Territory in the hands of the first presidency of the Mormon Church ; as it would speedily result in giving statehood to the Territory, and that statehood would be under control of the Mormon theocracy. Resolved, That Utah is not yet prepared to accept the trust of statehood, because REPORT .OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. ,49 a majority of lier people still maintain a higher allegiance to the theocracy, under •which they have all their lives served, than to the Government of the United States. Meaolved, That the material and political interests of Utah imperatively demand .the united action of all loyal people in this Territory until there shall he an absolute ' and unqualified abandonment of polygamy, and until reasonable evidence shall be supplied that the men who control the Mormon Church have finally determined upon a complete separation of church and state in this Territory. Beaolved, That this committee views with sincere regret the drifting of a few Republicans on party lines and looks with confidence to their speedy return to the party that has made possible such advances in the political, social, and material progress of Utah as have thus far been accomplished. To this action of the committee the dissentiiig member filed the fol lowing protest: "■ As a member of the Ki'publioan Territorial committee I protest against these resolutions. This committee is unauthorized to act in opposition to the party we were appointed to preserve and extend its influence. These resolutions attempt to deliver this Territory over to the Democratic party and to prevent the Republican party from obtaining the supremacy to which it is entitled. The Mormon people,' who have heretofore belonged to the People's party, are now prepared to disband to join other parties. A large majority of them, governed by their material interests, by the broad principles of education and civilization and protection contained in the platform of the Republican party, would join us, These resolutions are designed to prevent them from organizing with us and to prevent the Republican party from organizing and obtaining the victory to which it is enti^ tied. They are in the interest of those that oppose the Republican party, and I therefore protest against them. On June 21, 1891, a meeting of the Democratic Territorial committee was held at Salt Lake City, and the following resolutions were unani- mously adopted with but one exception ; Whereas the People's party, at the desire of its members, by its constituted au- thorities has been dissolved and no longer exists; and whereas it is the expressed desire of those who formerly composed that party to divide upon national lines in harmony with American politics and methods, and many have already done so by attaching themselves according to their preferences to the Democratic or Republican parties; and , Whereas in Utah, as elsewhere in our common cduntry, the Democratic party seeks to enlist the service of every patriotic citizen, to secure the triumph of its principles, that the best interests of the whole country may be subserved : Now, therefore, be it Sesolved, First, that it is the sense of this committee that the Democratic party of Utah accept the act of dissolution of the People's party as done in all sincerity and good faith, and will give to its former members who may unite with it a cordial ■welcome. Second, that it rejoices in the belief that we are now entering upon an era of food will wherein the animosities engendered by past local contentions will be ealed, and that the people of the Territory, while contending for the supremacy of the national party of their choice, will unitedly work in peace, and without bitter- ness and strife, for the prosperity and happiness of the Territory. Third, that a ■ committee composed of the chairman and thrfee other members of the committee pre- pare and issue an address to the Democrats of this Territorj^, calling upon them to unite as one man in an effort to build up the party in Utah. The following resolution offered by the dissenting member was voted ,down : .Whereas, believing that the time is not yet opportune for the Gentiles of Utah to divide on party lines, and regarding the dismemberment of the People's party as a ruse of the leaders of the Mormon Church for the purpose of obtaining statehood "and ultimately obtaining its practical control to the detriment of the best interests and Welfare of the Territory : Besolved, That this committee take no action towards a division on party lines, believing that it is not in their province to do so. Resolved, That when, in the opinion of this committee, the time shall have come to divide on party lines, a Democratic Territorial convention shall be called to act on the matter, and the chairman and secretary of this committee shall be authorized to issue such call. 10593 4 50. EEPORT OF THE GOVEKNOU OK UTAH The present attitude of the three political parties in the Territory wUl be seen in the declaration of principles adopted by each. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE LIBEltAL PARTY ON JULY , 1891. Whereas for forty years institutions of the free Government of, the United States have been menaced in this portion of American territory by a theocracy so despotic in its exercise of power as to suppress all freedom of thought or action in the indi- vidual ; and , . ,. Whereas during all of said time the people acknowledging its authority have been directed and educated in lines of thought tending to induce the conviction that the Government of the United States was a league with death and a covenant with hell, and an enemy to them and their institutions; and Whereas in the past the pubordiuation of temporal government to ecclesiastical power in the Territory of Utah has made life unendurable and the pursuit of liberty and happiness impossible for all true Americans within its sovereignty ; and Whereas the Liberal party, born of the necessities of the hour, and made possible by the union of brave and true men and women, by its strong and steady opposition for these many years past to the insolent demands of an arrogant and alien priest- hood, had touched the jiulse and quickened the conscience of the great people of these United States ; and Whereas the political conditions of the 150,000 people produced by years of mental slavery and superstition in the natural order of things can not possibly be changed in a day ; and Whereas all revelations, judging from the lessons of history, come from within and not from without ; and Whereas the political power of the Mormon Church in the Territory of Utah as exercised in the past, and as it now exists in the present, is a menace to free institu- tions too dangerous to be suffered : Now, therefore, be it Resolved hy the Liberal parli) of Salt Lake County in coni-eHtw7i aaaenibled, That we announce to our fellow citizens of the United States that there is no question of a national political character which at the present time can serve to distract the at- tention of them and ourselves in the single one that here confronts us. Besolved, That the eiforts of a few designing place hunters, coupled vrith those of the agent of the Mormon theocracy, to place the American citizens of this Territory in a false light before the country, do and of a right should receive our condemna- tion. There is nothing in the past nor present life of the Mormon Church which indi- cates to us that it has taken its priestly hand from the throat of the citizen. For years we have been fighting for the supremacy of the principle, and the veteran ex- perience of many conflicts enables us, as we believe, to judge better than mere the- orists and holiday soldiers as to present conditions. Besolved, That the Liberal party has no animosities to gratifj', no revenges to ac- complish, but that it loves the principles of American liberty and reveres its institu- tions ; that its hatreds are directed alone against the methods and madness wliich would subject the goverumeut, overwhelm the family, and degrade the man. Besolved, That the men and women who are educated under and believe in the principles of free government are not prepared to say to the people of the United States at this time that the Territory should become a State. When the people here shall have become emancipated; shall have renounced all dependence in secular matters upon a hierarchy ; when they evidence by their own honest endeavor in a bona fide struggle for freedom that the spiiit which leavens the institutions of the country prevails indeed with them ; when in fact there shall be no question that proper conditions exist; when that time comes, and not until then, .are we willing that Utah shall betome a free and sovereign State; because e^ery interest of Utah, both Mormon and Gentile, forbids the admission of this Territory to statehood under present conditions, inasmuch as it would destroy values, ■ demoralize business, and stretch around a polygamous theocracy the protection of State lines. Besolved, That we stamp upon the attempt to divide Gentiles ni)on party lines as but another attempt of the Mormon leaders to accomplish by stealth and fraud and with the help of Gentile allies what they have so often failed to attain unaided, and we deplore the blindness which has led a few former friends astray. RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY ON JULY 21, 1891. (1) We believe that the Government of the United States is a national sovereignty ' supreme within its sphere as delegated and defined in the Constitution, and to tliat > Government our first allegiance is due ; and we believe in a willing and loyal obedi- ence to all its laws and a strict enforcement of the same. (2) We believe that the several States of the Union are sovereign within their REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 51 sphefe, and that upon tUo preservation of their autonomy depend the benefits of lo- cal self government, the liberty of the citizens and the perpetuity of the Union. (3) We are opposed to the idea of centralized or paternal government, believing that the beat government is the one that governs least; and therefore we believe in the largest liberty to the individual citizen consistent with good government. (4) We are opposed to any legislation by the Federal Government which looks to or operates in levying taxes for the benefit of any one class at the expense of any other, but we believe that the primal idea of all taxes should be revenue, and that confined to the needs of the Government economically administered. (5) We are opposed to any legislation tending to build up monopoly, as the result is to make rich the few to the hurt of the many, and we balieve tliat the rule of the Government should be the greatest good to the greatest number: special privileges to none; equality to all. (6) We are unalterably opposed to force and fraud in the conduct of elections, or to any interference with them by extraneous power or means. The Constitution of the United States should not be vitiated by makeshift legislation to facilitate party (7) We favor the full restoration of silver to the position it occupied in our national currency before its demonetization by the Republican party. (8) The Democratic party being naturally the friend of labor, we ask the working- men of Utah to carefally consider which of the two great national parties is best calculated to promote their welfare, and pledge to them on our part all legitimate and proper assistance to further their well being. We are opposed to Chinese or im- ported contract labor, and opposed to the Republican plan in vogue in Pennsylvania of discharging workmen for striking against pauper wages. (9) We are In favpr of the eight-hour per day law on all public works, and not less than the minimum rate of wages shall be paid to the various trades. Jie it resolved, That we accept the declarations and action of the Mormon people abandoning the practice of polygamy, and the People's party in disbanding the same, as done in good faith and all sincerity : and we favor the restoration of the fran- chise to all disfranchised citizens who will obey the laws of the United States. (2) That the changed conditions in this Territory leave no room save for national parties. (3) That, as Democrats, we avow our allegiance to the party that has maintained its existence since the Government was formed, and will live as long as it lasts. (4) We adhere to the time-honored principles of Democracy, and such as are set forth in the national platform adopted by the last national Democratic convention. RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE BBPDBLIC.\N PARTY ON, SEPTEMBER 2, 1891. The Republicans of Utah in convention assembled congratulate the people of the Territory that the time has come when they can push old differcmces behind them and move forward upon these lines that tend most directly to the public good. We hold that it is the part of wisdpm and of patriotism to recognize the changes that have occurred and to accept their inevitable tendency, and we maintain that any effort to force conditions under which old lines would be reestablished and old bitterness revived is to be condemned as inimical to the best interests of all the people of Utah. We congratulate the Republicans of Utah upon the large vote polled at the recent election. Circumstances were such that the party could scarcely hope to make more than a beginning, and the splendid proportions of that beginning encourage our confident belief that the time is near at hand when a large majority of the people of the Territory will be found arrayed under the banner of the party of progress. Believing that the party upon which communities finally rely for the best results of government should clearly define its position before the people upon all questions of general interest and importance, we hereby enunciate the following as the plat- form of principles of the Republican party of Utah : We are unalterably attached to the principles of the Republican party and are prepared to maintain them before the people of this Territory, believing that they are best calculated to foster the interests of the section in which we live as well as the interests of every other section of our common country. We affirm our unswerving devotion to the National Constitution and to the indis- soluble union of the States, to the authority reserved to the States under the Con- , Btitution, and to the personal rights and liberties of citizens in all the States and Territories. ' > ' The Republicans hold that all political power is of the pedpl^ that national authority is derived from the people of all the States and State ^authority from the people of the particular State ; that the Government of the Unilled States possesses the powers named in its Constitution and those necessary to their e:y:eTQise; that the , 62 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. people of the State possess the powers not so conferred or denierl to them by that instrument; that the State government may exercise such powers as remain with its people as they have not in their constitution forhidden the use of; that the national and State governments are sovereign in their respective spheres, and that there can be no conflict between their rights so bounded. And we further afSrm that the allegiance of the citizen of the United States is direct and immediate and that his allegiance to the State can not intervene and that from this it follows that the United States is a nation. This doctrine was iirst announced in the Kentucky resolutions of 1799, penned by Thomas Jefferson. They declare that the State is authorized to judge of any infraction of its rights under the National Constitution and that nullification by the State is the rightful remedy when it decides that they are invaded. This right of the State as claimed to decide upon the authority of the National Government and to annul it, was defined as State rights and led to nullifi- cation in 1832, and in 1861 to nullification, rebellion, and treason. To defend the United States Government from the assaults of the Democratic adherents and cham- pions of States' rights so defined by them and to preserve itS existence cost Ameri- can people the lives of hundreds of thousands of patriotic and brave men, untold suffering, and incalculable treasure. We are uncompromisingly in favor of the American system of protection. We protest against its destruction proposed by the Democratic party. It serves the in- terests of Europe. We will support the interests of America. The protective system must be maintained; its abandonment has always been fol- lowed by general disaster to all interests except those of the usurer and the sheriff. We condemn the proposition of the Democratic party to place wool on the free list. This policy, persistently urged by that party, would work measureless disas- ter to one of our most important industries, bring ruin to many, throw a va^t num- ber of men out of employment, and lose to Utah a very large part of her income now annually received from the wool clip. We view with undisguised alarm the persistent efforts made by the Democratic party to admit Mexican lead ore free of duty. That party supported that proposi- tion in the last Congress, and would carry it through if it should be permitted to come into complete control of the National Government. The Republican party has given our great mining industry protection against the peon product of the Southern Republic, and has thereby conferred an inestimable blessing upon Utah; and it is entitled to the unswerving support of all who depend for their individual prosperity upon the prosperity of the Territory. We take pride in the policy of appropriating the public lands of the United States for homesteads for American citizens and settlers, not aliens, which the Republican party established in 1862, against the persistent opposition of Democrats in Con- gress, and which has brought our great Western domain into such magnificent devel- opment. And in contrast to the Republican party's record in this respect we point to the failure of the Democratic administration, under Grover Cleveland, "to execute the laws securing to settlers their titles to homesteads." We indorse the administration of President Harrison and particularly commend the course pursued by our State Department. We heartily approve the reciprocity policy inaugurated by this administration, believing it will open new and enlarged markets for American farmers and manufacturers and be of the greatest value to this country. We point with pride to the record of President Harrison's administration in con- nection with Federal appointments in this Territory, the appointments having been made from among the bona fide residents of Utah, this being in marked contrast with the record of the Democratic ailministration that preceded it. We are loyally attached to those principles of the Republican party under which it strives to build up the American merchant marine and the American navy, to pro- tect the right of franchise, to maintain free schools, to encourage temperance, to maintain the honor of the American flag, to protect American citizens at home and abroad, and to secure proper and adequate pensions for the veterans of the war, and for the dependent families of deceased soldiers. We demand that silver shall be restored to the position that it held before the passage of the demonetization act of 1873. We will carry forward popular government in Utah regardless of religious dis- tinctions, by our united ettbrts, free from all distinction. We are opposed to the disfranchisement of any citizen except for crime of which he shall have been convicted by due process of law, and we favor the free exercise of the power of .imuesty to all citizens disfranchised on account of polygamy or pplygamous relations, who will obey and uphold the laws of the United States. We assert and rccojnfnizc the dignity of labor and the necessity of projicr legisla- tion to protect, its iutcroNtH, that home laborers and contractors, who contribute to REPORT Or^ THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 53 ) the public funds, are justly entitled to the preference in all public works, and that Utah work should go to Utah workmen. The National Republican party, in its platform adoptfed in 1888, declared, "The government by Congress of the Territories is based upon necessity only, to the end that they may become States in the Union. Therefore, whenever the condition of the population, material resources, public intelligence and morality are such as to insure a stable local government therein, the people of the Territories should be permitted, as a right inherent in them, to form for themselves constitutions and State governments and be admitted into the Union." We deny that the Republican party in Utah is organized to unduly hasten state- hood. The (question of statehood for Utah is not involved in the present political issues, or in the division of the people of the Territory on national party lines. We urge the enactment o^ laws which will establish uniformity and equity in the application of the general laws of the United States Government in respect to the location and development of mining property, so that prospectors may be more greatly encouraged to continue their explorations in our great mining districts. We demand the enactment of a law making it a misdemeanor for employers to to practice what is known as blacklisting, or to interfere with the freedom of their employes in the exercise of the franchise by any sort of coercion. We hold that eight hours should be made by law a day's work on all public works. We are in favor of equitable railroad legislation under which railroad companies ahall be encouraged to build the lines that are needed for the further development of Utah's great resources, and which shall at the same time fully protect the inter- ests of individuals and communities in their relations to the common carriers. We demand such legislation as will satisfactorily equalize the assessment and tax- ation of property. - We favor the enactment of a personal registration law which shall compel voters to register in person or by satisfactory voachers, giving their exact residence ; and we urge the adoption of a ballot law modeled after the Australian system, so that the disgrace of fraud at the polls, heretofore too familiar in some places in this Ter- ritory, may not hereafter attach to the fair name of Utah. During the period in which tlie i^olitical action above referred to was occurring, meetings were being held in the dift'erent cities and counties of the Territory, by Gentiles and Moriijons, for and against the national party movement. In every instance the local committees of the Peo- , pie's party formally resolved to dissolve their party, and in favor of the party movement, while the Liberal committees resolved to oppose it. ' The Provo Enquirer and 6he Logan Nation, both Mormon papers, sup- ported the Eepublican movement. The Provo Dispatch and the Logan Journal, also Mormon, supported the Democratic movement. The Salt Lake Tribune and the Ogden Commercial, the Park City Record, and Miner earnestly opposed party division on the part of the Liberals, while the Deseret Evening News, the Mormon Church organ, remained neutral as to the merits of the claims of the two parties, but earnestly supported division. I have presented at some length the details of the movement to or- ganize the people on national party lines, because of its importance and the influence it will have on the future of the Territory, and because it is a step which probably will never be retraced. ' It will be seen by reading the resolutions of the People's party that there has apparently occurred among the majority of the people ot Utah a political revolution ; that the People's party, the dominant party in the Territory, has voluntarily ended its existence, leaving its mem- bers free to form other political alliances. It was to be expected that the sudden and unexpected dissolving of a political party whiqh had ' been the strength of Mormonism, in a political sense, would excite gen- eral and varied comment, both as to the motives which inspired it and its probable effect. The formation of political parties commenced in Ogden City. The Republicans were the first to organize and were immediately followed by the Democrats.* The organizations were extended throughout Weber County, and were joined by a large part of both the Liberal and People's 54 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. parties. So long as the movement was confined to Weber Oonnty it did not seriously affect the existing political conditions in the Terri- tory, but somewhat later the Democrats of Salt Lake County organized with a view of extending the organization of their party throughout the whole Territory, and this action precipitated the i^arty movement. They made considerable progress with the organization in Salt Ixike City and County before the Republicans made any movement towards organization here. Some Republicans then commenced an organization in Salt Lake City and based their action on these considerations: That the majority of the Mormons had i^reviously considered that they were more in sym- pathy with the Democratic party audits doctrines than Mith the Republi- can party and its doctrines; that it was evident the People's party considered the old local issues dead, and would be disbanded ; that if the Democrats proceeded to organize throughout the Territory (and here was no doubt concerning their intention), and the People's party dis- banded, its members from necessity would go to the Democratic party unless the Republicans organized and ijresented and discussed the doc- trines of their party, and that delay would sacrifice the interests of their party in Utah. The Reiiublicans claimed that statehood was not a politi- cal issue; that no one changed his opinion orplegedhis future actions by joining either the Democratic or Republican parties; that all now agreed " the time for asking statehood had not arrived, and that if statehood should be asked the matter was in the hands of Congress, which has refused and would again refuse statehood until in its opinion it could be properly granted. For these reasons a few Republicans in good faith commenced to organize their party. A small per cent of the Dem- ocrats in Salt Lake City, and a smaller per cent of the Republicans, left the Liberal organization, but the increase of voters in Salt Lake City supplied the loss of those who had left the Liberal party. In Ogden, prior to the general election in August last. Liberals who had joined the Republican and Democratic organizations left these organizations and returned to the Liberal Party. Many Liberals were of the opinion that the object sought to be accom- plished by the Mormon leaders was the division of the liberal party; that they realized so long as the Liberal party was united it would com- mand and receive the confidence of the nation, and therefore division would defeat the aims and purposes of the Liberals. Other Liberals believed that a desire to prevent the stringent legislation threatened by Congress, and fear of the new apportionment to be made, was the controlbng motive; still others believed it was the natural result of the action of the Mormon people in their general conference last year, when they voted to sustain the action of their president, advising them not to practice polygamy thereafter, combined with the influence and spirit of the age, the habits and customs of the times, education, business considerations, the enforcement of the laws, and contact with the new population coming into Utah, and still others believed the Mormon peo- ple had finally and in good faith yielded to the necessities of the situa- tion and had wisely determined to abandon their former anomalous po- litical policy and unite with the great political parties of the Union. It will be noticed by the resolutions given elsewhere that the Demo- cratic Territorial committee resolved, with one dissenting vote, to unite with the People's party in organizing political parties. The resolution offered by the dissenting member really represents the views of the majority of the Democratic non-Mormons of the Territory. While the Liberals were far from being united in their opinions as to REPOKT OF THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. 55 the cause of the i^arty movement, the large majority were giad the Peo- ple's party had formally disbanded. It has been recognized from the beginning that the unity of the People's party, based upon the connec- tion of its members with the Mormon Church, was a serious obstacle to a change. When the majority of a whole people belong to one church and one political organization, and the church and party influences are the same, and when political IssuCkS are subject to such influences, it will be readily '(paderstood that any movement which would lead to a change would be welcomed by the Liberals. They applauded it as a wise action which would, if honestly supported, finally bring the Mormon people into har- monious relations with the Government, and hasten the coming of the time when legitimate politics wiU be discussed and individuals vote according to their personal interests and opinions instead of the inter- ests of an organization, and there existed a general feeling of regret that they could not see their way clear to disband their own party and ioin in the national party movement. They were induced to withhold their acquiescence in the new movement by what seemed to them to be .prudential and patriotic motives. They reasoned that the change in 'the policy of the dominant party was very sudden, that the interests at stake were of great importance, reaching so high as to involve our theory of government, and that patriotism demanded they should sup- press the natural desire which every American citizen has to act with his party until time proved the Mormon people had taken the step in absolute good faith and were ready to accept our system of government in the same spirit as do the great body of the American people. With- out desiring to appear unduly cautious, and with a genuine feeling ot regret, they believed it would be the part of wisdom to wait until the Mormon people should have some experience in the new political de- parture. The Mormon people had been banded together so long, in ties so close, that they appeared to act as one man. Now, they said, they were going to divide and introduce into their former harmonious councils the clash of conflicting political interests. This was a crucial experiment, and the majority of the Liberals felt it was their duty to wait until it was clear there could be no j)ossibility of their making a mistake. There was another strong reason which inspired the Liberals to take such a course. Many of them would have joined the party movement but for the fear that behind it there was a deep-laid scheme to obtain statehood, and it is a singular fact that they suspected the motives of some of the non-Mormons, who had left the Liberal party, just as strongly as they did the motives of the Mormons. In other words, the great majority of the Liberals believe there are men supporting the party division movement, non-Mormons as well as Mormons, who would sac- rifice the interests of the Territory and its people to promote the interests of the party to which they belong. It is to be regretted that any reason should exist for doiibts as to the sincerity of a movement which, if upheld in good faith, will result in so much good to the Territory, or that it should be made to bear the burden of political schemes. It was to be expected that the determined policy of the General Gov- ernment in punishing the practice of polygamy, and in withdrawing from the people political privileges usually enjoyed by the people of other Territories, together with the influence of our civilization, would gradually force the people to make a change, and that whenever the change would come it would lead to the organization of political parties. 56 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. There is no doubt the mass of the Mormou people have been silently hoping for snuh a change for many years, and have been waiting for the opportunity to step out from under the shadow which has so long darkened their homes. That they have remained passive so long is a testimony to the force of the influence which religious belief has upon the minds and actions of men. I believe the mass of the people have gone iato the party movement in perfect sincerity, and that it is their present determination not to re- trace their steps. What might happen if statehood should soon come and their leaders should raise the old standard, I can not say; but I believe if sufficieut time is not given by the Government to enable them to outgroAv the in- fluences of the past they would submit to the will of their leaders, because we must not forget that they have been taught to believe and do believe that when their leader speaks .with a " thus saith the Lord " he but gives utterance to the will of the Divine Master. It is because I believe they a re sincere in their profession of religious faith that I fear what might happen should the power and opportunity be given to restore the old condition of affairs. We have au illustration of the power of the priesthood in the recent action respecting polygamy. The Mormon people hold the key to the situation, and much will de- pend upon their future conrse. If they act in a manner that will com- mand confidence th« present opposition will cease. In the mean time the budding up of political parties in their ranks will lead to the exer- cise of private judgment and gradually to more independent action, and result in good to the Territory. Eyery person who has had the welfare of the Territory at heart has recognized that an essential requirement to the solution of what has been termed the "Mormon problem" was the division of the Mormon people, politically, on the same lines as the people elsewhere divide; that so long as they were held together by religious ties, which they deemed superior to their political ties, there could be no improvement in the situation. In every step which they have taken to destroy this unity of action they deserve to be encouraged. Certainly, if it is their intention to meet the demands of the law and conform to our institu- tions, no man, unless he be destitute of the nobler instincts of his race, would place an obstacle in their path. I believe it is the intention of the Liberal party to deal fairly with the Mormon people; to give them every opportunity to prove their faith by their works ; to ask of Con- gress no further hostile legislation unless the present attitude of the majority shall be changed. And, finally, Avhen they can do so consist- ently with what they deem to be the best interests of the Territory and its people, join with them in their political organizations, and when that time comes Utah will stand in complete harmony with the Government and its people, and show a xirogressive development corresponding with her natural resoirrces and advantages. In the mean time the Liberal party wiU maintain its organization and oppose statehood with all the ability and power it possesses. STATEHOOD. I have elsewhere stated the fear of statehood is the principal reason why the non-JIormon citizens of Utah refused to support the movement to organize the people on national party lines. They think, or at least the great majority of them do, that ac^mission now would be a mistake which can be called nothing less than a political crime. They will re- REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 57 joice to see the day come when Utah can safely be admitted. They have the interests of the Territory quite as much at heart as have the men who to further their party interests and their political ambition would hasten statehood. It is no reflection on the good intentions of the Mormon people to say that the elitect of statehood now would be to place the Territory under the control of the Mormon Church, if it chose to assume control, because its members form a large majority of the whole people. We ought not expect too much of the Mormon people or put to too severe a test their abandonment of cherished religious practices. It should not be forgotten that the Mormons have, during all the years of their past history, run their religious and political beliefs, and the local political issues on parallel lines, arid the sole political issue has been the maintenance of a church doctrine. While the church leaders have always denied that they influenced or dictated the vote of their people as churchmen, and claimed that the influence they exercised with their people was only the same political influence that the leaders of any political party exercise, stiU, the result is that when a church in- cludes a whole political party, and, each has the same leaders, and the reMgious and political interests are blended, it is impossible to draw the liue between chiu-ch and political influence. Ordinarily, to make the assertion that in an American community a church could control the votes of a majority of the people would be to ascribe too much potency to the influence of the church and too little to the intelligence and good faith of the people, because we live in a land where, under constitutional guarantees, there is supposed to be an effectual divorce of church and state. And yet this has been the exact condition of Utah in the past. It has been but little over a year since the first formal announcement was made to the world by the Mormon people of their intention to renounce what they have said was a vital principle of their creed, and but little over six months since they for- mally dissolved the political organization which has been the chief ele- ment of the strength of the church in its contest with the Government. Is it unreasonable or unkind to suggest that if the power and oppor- tunity were given to them to restore polygamy before they had fully outgrown the influence of the past they might do so? Is it any reflec- tion on their sincerity to intimate that human nature does not change by the kind of church it enters ; that they might be like other people who, in other times, have made all things subordinated their religious zeal? We must remember that they believe their reward beyond the grave will be the gVeater if they enter into plural marriage; and while I believe that polygamy wiU never again be openly practiced in this land, still I also believe it will be better for the Mormon people, and for the American people, if the matter be placed as far from doubt as pos- sible. It is but natural to expect that for some years to come old influences will be discernible, and every consideration of prudence and justice sug- gests that time be given them to complete the work of emancipation. These appear to me to be the political considerations involved, but there is the business view to be considered also. Elsewhere I have re- ferred to the unfortunate condition of Utah in regard to the common- school fund, a condition that has arisen out of a state of affairs which were unavoidable. With her schools wholly maintained by a direct tax and no provision in that respect for the future, the burden of statehood, with the consequent increase of expenses for the support of the State government in its legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and for the registration of voters and the conduct of elections, and the other 10693 6 58 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. expenses now met by the General Government, would, in my opinion, be too severe for the welfare of the people in the present state of develop- ment in the Territory, and especially for the agricultural class, who form, a majority of the people, whose incomes and profits are small, and whose property can not escape taxation. It is believed that the major- ity will oppose statehood untU the Territory is more fully developed and has more wealth. Utah has provided for her insane, for wayward youths, and for education, by establishing proper institutions, and these are now being gradually equipped and extended as the revenues of the Territory will permit. The demands made upon them by these institu- tions, and the other Territorial, county, and municipal expenses, entail a heavy annual burden upon the people. ^ Of course, every Territory ought to be admitted into the Union as soon as possible, consistent with the welfare and needs of the people. The Territorial system is contrary to the principles upon which our Gov- ernment was established. It deides to the people living under it any voice in the affairs of the General Government; but statehood should never come until aU the conditions which are necessary to build up a great and patriotic commonwealth are perfectly fulfilled. UTAH COMMISSION. It is stated that at the coming session of Congress an effort wiU be made to abolish the Utah Commission. The demand will come from persons who have never been in sympa- thy with the law creating the Commission, or with tlie work of the Com- mission under the law. In its sphere the Commission has performed efficient work and has been a valuable auxiliary to the work of other Federal departments in Utah. It is well to remember that the non-Mormons of Utah are not ia sympathy with the demand, but desire that the Commission shall be retained, I am, sir, very respectfully, Aethue L. Thomas, Oovernor. Hon. John W. Koble, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. G. REPORT OF THE GOVEEI^OR OF UTi^H TO THE SEOlaETARY OF THE II^TEBIGR. 18 9 2. WASHINGTON: GOVEENMEWT PBrnTINft OFPIOE. 1892. riTTTTTliiliiXJ i inft REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH TO THE SEOEETARY OF THE IJifTERIOR. 18 9 2. WASHDfGTOK: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1892. REPORT THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Territory of Utah, Salt Lake City, Octoier 1, 1892. Sir: In compliance with your request of July 21, 1892, 1 have the honor to submit the following report of the progress and development of the Territory during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892 : POPULATION. Comparative statement of the population of Utah Territory by counties for the years 1890 and 1892. ' Coiinty. Beaver . . Boxelder. Cache — Davis Emery — Grand - • . Iron Juab Kane Millai-a . . Morgan . . Piute*... Eich Salt Lake Census re- port, 1890. 3,340 7,642 15, 5U9 6,469 2,457 541 2, 683 5,583 1,685 4,0;i3 1,780 2.842 1,527 58, 457 Estimated population. 3,410 7,805 16,516 6,625 3, OliO 600 2,750 6,200 1. 725 4,000 1.850 2,200 1,000 63, 000 County. San .Tuan . . . Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele Uintah Utah Wasatch . .. Washington Wayne * Weber Total .. Census re- port, 1890. 365 13 146 6,199 7, 733 3,700 2,292 23, 416 4,827 4.009 642 23. 005 207. 005 Estimated population^ 1892. -iOO 14, 500 7, 20O 8,600 4,000 3,100 27, 500 4,800 4, SSO 9001 27, 50O 223, 930 * Piute County was divided at the last session of the legislative assembly, the eastern poi-tiun being created into Wayne County. The above estimate shows an increase of 16,025 since .June 30, 18S0 IMMIGRATION. The foreign immigration seems to have fallen below the usual average of other years. The domestic immigration has not equaled that of the previous year; but there has been a steady growth in the comikerciaJ and mining centers, and railroad cities and towns. 3 4 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. , Statement shoyjing the assessed value of the property of the incorporated cities and towns of Utah Territory, and the indebtedness of same, for the years 11191 and 1892. Incorporated cities and towns. Assessed valuation of property, 1891. I 1892. Cities under special charter. American Fort .. Alpine City Beaver Brigbaiii City Cedar City Coalville.' Corinne Ephraim i'airview rilhnore Grantsville Hyruiri Kaysville Lelii City Logan Manti Mendon Moroni Mount Pleasant. Morgan Ogden Park Cily Parowau Payson Pleasant Grove . Provo Eiclifleld Kicbmond Salt Lake City- .. Smithtield Spanish Fork- . . Spring City Springvillo St. George Tooele "Washington Wellsville Willard CifA:'.s and towns under the general lair. Bear Kiver Fountain Green . Heber Kanab Monroe ITephi Salem Salina t Santaquin t Elsinoret Huntington t Total . $300, 50, 280, 464, 145, 215, 182, 264, 120, 100, ]50, .24, 229, 28.J, 1, 85J, 340, 60, 91. 250. 207, 13,243, 1, 800, 108. 308. 350, 3, 152, 177. 146, 57, 965. 192. 237, 80. 680, 252, 151, 42, 93, 98, 000. 00 000. 00 310. 00 160. 00 784. 00 883. SO 000. 00 540. 00 000. 00 000, 00 000. 00 OJO. 00 635. 00 000. 00 000. OU 000. 00 000. 00 284. 00 000. CO 900. 00 965. 00 000. 00 085. 00 500. 00 000. 00 620. 00 600. 00 OOil. 00 668. 00 2] 0.00 750.00 000. 00 000. 00 698. 00 742. 00 800. 82 000. 00 086. 45 22 430. 00 70, 782. 00 (*) 43, 600. 00 75. 652. 00 828, 962. 00 47, 317. 00 ■- O -- «) -- (I) -- C) 85, 780, 865. 07 $325, 40, 312, 413, 139, 261, 182, 252, 143, 100, 150, 223, 1, 000, 39.:, 1, 9:i0, 362, 69. 95, 244, 210, 13, 600, 1, 300, 113, 323. 244, 8, 018, 193, 166, 52, 598, 160. 296, 83, 430, 272, 160, 48, 113, 102, 000. 00 000. 00 412. 00 410.00 868. 00 287. 00 235. 00 190. 00 200. 00 000. 00 000. 00 556. 00 OJO. 00 800. 00 842. 00 041.50 500. 00 373. 00 292. 00 000. 00 000. 00 000. 00 950. 00 615. 00 030. 00 646. 00 174. 00 300. 00 395. 00 000. 00 230. 00 0(,0. 00 000. 00 692. 00 804. 00 700. 28 690. 00 156. 75 30, 000. 00 70, 695. 00 Amount of indebtedness. 53, 347. 00 200, 000. 00 779, 854. 00 144. 710. 00 111,272.00 81, 968. 00 106, 450. 00 67, 396. 00 87, 200, 081. 53 1891. 600. 00 600. 00 .■~o». 00 000. 00 $2, 400. 00 100. 00 244.79 None ...do . . . do 2, 2, None 1, None ....do 5, None 1, 0, None ...do ...do ...do 25V, None None . ....do 1, 970. 00 ^' one 300. 00 1, 000, 000. 00 637. 60 None ...do. , ...do . 000. 00 2i7.'22' 6, 2, None. None. Do. 5, None. 45, 12, None. Do. Do. 368,1 None. 1, 500. 00 300. 00 911 00 „ 000. 00 450. 00 000. 00 000. 00 306. 00 6110. 00 500. 00 None . ...do . ...do . .'...do . , 722. 28 ....do . ....do. None 124, < None. 1, 500, None. Do. Do. Do. 2, None. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 146. 60 500. 00 200. 00 000. 00 65.00 None 16, 000. 00 100. 00 1, 294, 106. 79 None. Do. 211, 000. Oo None. Do. Do. Do. , 115, 678. 58 * No assessment. tNot incorporated last year. J No assessment : separate from county. The iucrease in municipal indebtedness for the year is 03.3 per cent. The increase in the assessed valuation of property is l.G per cent. REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statement of the reremie from the tax levy for the years 1890 and 1891 for school purposes, Counties. Boxelder . . Beaver Cache Davis Emery Grarfield... Grand Iron Juab Kane.' Morgan . . . Millard . . . Piute Rich Salt Lake . Summit . . . Sanpete Sevier , San Juan Tooele Utah TJintah "Weber "Wasatch "Washington. Territorial and school tax. Total 543,061, 6, 20, 15, 6, 1, 3, 2, U, 1, 4, 3, 3, 3, 261, 18, 14> 5, 1, 7, 44, 2 73! 5, 4, 847. 19 024. 48 014. 33 813. 55 474. 03 831. 56 812. 10 946. 95 626. 60 873. 97 142. 00 519. 70 026. 93 293. 65 354. 83 974. 13 559. 43 253. 22 382. 43 969. 78 758. 60 910. 23 308. 78 430. 34 Oil. 65 $19, 769. 95 5, 783. 53 30, 863. 60 17, 462. 47 7, 739. 62 3, 054. 68 4, 194. 22 3,481.65 11, 415. 07 2, 316. 52 4, 606. 67 5, 914. 89 2, 444. 30 3,829.15 293, 689. 28, 19, 769. 57' 17, 298. 15. 5,773.48 1.673.36. 7, 751. »T 48, 175. 41. 3,071.81 88, 412. 991 5, 949. la 4, 224. 19 618, 685. la The increase over 1890 is 10.2 per cent. The revenue for the year at the rate of half of one per cent, the rate fixed by law, is estimated at $585,754.49, a decrease of $32,930.70. statement showing total revenue for each year from 1854, and the total property from, 1865. value of Tear. Territorial and school tax. Value of prop- erty assessed. Tear. Territorial and school tax. Value of prop- erty assessed. 1854 $6, 386. 31 17, 348. 89 16,999.38 12, 892. 43 9, 032. 32 9, 957. 17 23, 369. 50 25, 160. 92 47, 795. 18 50,482.00 33. 480. 02 47, 269. 66 52, 338. 98 53, 239. 13 52, 669. 36 59, 968. 03 33, 639. 09 38, 163. 66 43, 976. 40 (') $3, 469, 770. 00 2. 937, 977. 00 2,578,486.00 (*) 3,982,869.00 4, 673, 900. 00 5, 032, 184. 00 4, 779, 518. 00 548, 200. 00 6, 696, 004. 00 9, 453, 930. 00 10,467,796.00 10, 647, 826. 00 10, 533, 872. 00 11, 393, 606. 00 13,455,636.00 15, 265, 424. 00 , 17, 590, 560. 00 1873 $53,870.87 67, 021. 45 58, 222. 95 60, 020. 11 56, 384. 15 146, 903. 77 149, 910. 43 151,335.24 153, 495. 40 174,483.93 186, 006. 55 203,549.64 208, 931. 72 214, 105. 93 227,361.48 282, 636. 61 305, 016. 14 543,061.08 618,685.19 $21, 548, 348. 00 {*) 23,289,180.00 23, 608, 064. 00 22, 553, 660. 00 24, 483, 957. 00 24,985,072.00 25, 222, 540. 00 26, 579, 234. 00 29, 080, 656. 00 30,834,425.00 33,924,942.00 34,851,957.00 36, 684, 322. 00 37, 893, 580. 00 46, 868, 247. 00 49, 883, 690. 00 108,612,216.00 123,737,042.00 1855 1874 1856 1875 1857 1876 1858 1877 . . . 1859 1873 I860 1879 1861 1880 1862 1881 1863 1882 1864 1883 1865 1884 1866 1885 1867 1886 1868 1887 1869 1888 ... 1870 1889 187] 1890....- 1891 1872 * No data from which to obtain the amount. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY AND IMPROVEMENTS, 1892, Stntement showing the assessed valuation, of real and personal property and improve- ments in the several roKidiesfor . Counties. Real property. Beaver* Boxelder Cache Davia Kmery GarHeld G-rand- Iron Juab Kane JMulard -Morgan Piute JJich .Salt Lake . . . San Juan.. . . Sanpete Sevier bumluit Tooele Ulutah Utah "Waahington. "Waaatch "Weber Wayne Total 69,168,053.00 $922, 1, 104. 4, 044, 1, 989, 261 71, t29: 2a3, 696, 61, 238, 319, 9li 488, 33. 103, 1, 1, 932, 493, 1, 023, 522, 180, C 223, 666, 10, 628, 27C. 00 187. 00 , 077. 00 108. 00 , 650. 00 486. 00 340. 00 136. 00 667. 00 306. 00 949. 00 220. 00 114.00 807. 00 356. 00 600. 00 084. 00 817. 00 771. 00 052. 00 447. 00 tl 396. 00 4u6. 00 143. 00 734. 00 Improve- ments. .$370, 1,027, 662, ]7ii, 86, 16, 148, 426, 109, 1, 041, 121, 35, 78, 6, 711, 826, 257, 1, 398, 232, 91, 150. 00 260. 00 095. 00 255. 00 702. 00 075. 00 085. .,0 962. 00 320. 00 741.00 470. 00 146. 00 635. 00 066. 00 600. 00 196. 00 860. 00 938. 00 276. 00 588. 00 Personal prop, erty. ,$216, 2, 559, 1, 273, 1, 072, 564, 380, 223, 362, 514, 426, 398, 164, 126, 228, 11, 823, 361, 1, 106, 620, 1, 648, 976, 296, 533. 00 474. 00 483. 00 444.00 442.00 769. 00 779. 00 692. 00 lu6. 00 774. 00 257. 00 900. 00 439. 00 336. 00 297. 26 740. 00 193. 00 198. 00 906. 61 439. 22 690. 00 Total. 251, 240. 00 252, 570. 00 3, 629, 777. 00 42, 586. 00 17, 885, 579. 00 456, 248. 00 294, 985. 00 3, 523, 311. 42 2l2, 117. 00 29, 862, 442. 51 $1, 168, 4, 033, 6,344, 3, 623, 996, 637, 268, 743, 1, 537, 597, 1, 678, 6u5, 252, 795, 51, 637, 36J, 3, 863, 1, 371, 4, 071, 1, 730, 668, 10,244, 930, 1, 103, 17, 781, 296, 809. 00 8il. 00 820. 00 647. 00 247.10 946. 00 203. 00 912. 00 744. 00 399. 00 947. 00 5j0. 00 698. 00 778. 00 718. 26 940. 00 473. 00 875. 00 615. 61 766. 22 625. 00 826. 00 883. 00 960. 00 231. 42 436. 00 117, 150, 899. 61 $1, 329, 4, 091, 6, 158, 3, 496, 1, 433, 489, 810, 716, 1, 818, 339, 1, 204, 907, 471, 796, 59, 727, 334, 2, 676, 1,191, 3,961, 1, 375, 629, 10, 367, 852, 1, 192, 18, 047, (§) 122. 00 248.00 332. 00 436. 00 786. 00 958. 00 032.43 685. 00 666. 00 799. 00 866. 00 720. 00 180. 00 350. 00 472. 94 678. 00 958. 00 916. 00 693. 00 428.00 Ul5. 00 6o7. 00 226. 00 730. 00 000. 00 124, 312, 782. 37 * Includes improvements. t No return made foi railroad, telegraph, or telephone line. t Assessment not separated. § New county. Total decrease for the year is $7,161,883.86, or 6.8 per cent. UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE. Statement of thebusiness of the United States Land Office at Salt Lake City, Utah,for the fiscal year ending June 30, 18i)Z. Kind of entry. Cash entries (including acreage in commuted homestead entry and timber-culture entries) Mini ral entries Mineral applications ' lieaert applications Desert final entries Homestead entries - Homestead tinal entries ' Timber-culture final entries Adverse mining claims Preemption tilings Coal filings .'.'".'.".".,"..! Coal entries Railroad selections Testimony fees Total . * Xot new entries. Numher. V2:> 637 190 12, 230. 50 '-2,0J5.76 2,442.18 .13, 90S. .55 *■-':;, 460. 79 "7, 569. 24 'ili. 740.40 ;-;2(l. 00 "385. 18 '5, 480. 00 1, 196, 94 92, 319. 65 229. 666. 06 I Total area surveyed to June 30, 1891, 13,188,204.16 acres. Amount. $26, 449. 52 9, 520. 00 1, 250. 00 8, 786. 40 S, 379. 49 9, 617. 94 1, 201. 22 12.00 380. 00 12.00 117. 00 22, 318. 80 1,15:;. 00 788. 64 106, 986. 07 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. SETTLEMENT OP PUBLIC LANDS. Statement shmiiing the disposUion and settlement of puilio lands in Utah Territory, and the total business of the land office at Salt LaJce City from the time of its opening in March, 1869, to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 189S. Cash entries Mineral entries Mineral applications Desert applications Desert final entries Homestead entries Homestead final entries Timber-culture entries Timber-culture final entries Adverse mining claims Preemption filings Coal filings Coal casli entries : Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad selections - Land warrants Agricultural college scrip Valentine scrip Chippewa scrip Supreme court scrip Sioux half-breed scrip Timber sold , Timber depredations * Testimony fees i Total. Number. 4,008 1,840 2,137 3,665 866 9,806 4,768 1,577 18 926 11,993 1,144 105 378, 843. 52 20, 063. 99 10, 987. 77 716, 387. 30 168, 709. 36 1, 233, 966. 24 673, 619. 70 179, 303. 49 1, 900. 00 1, 444, 727. 88 144, 120. 00 189, 933. 80 639, 068. 30 23, 957. 00 84, 912. 00 280. 12 479. 82 4, 530. 02 360. 00 6, 906, 080. 30 $696, 816. 17 96, 467. 00 21, 370. 00 187, 184. 21 161, 429. 24 160,281.65 31,315.85 17, 902. 00 72.00 9, 026. 00 36, 979. 00 3, 432. 00 13, 340. 20 8, 039. 64 616. 00 2, 232. 00 14.00 10.00 6.00 127. 08 15, 422. 31 17, 142. 92 1, 368, 224. 27 * Timber depredations and stumpage consolidated. I renew the recommeiidations made in my former reports, that Con- gress place the unsold public lands under the control of the State and Territorial authorities, with authority to lease them in sufficiently large tracts to make it an object to stockmen to apply for them. Unless this is done their value for grazing purposes will be entirely destroyed. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The need of suitable public buildings for Federal offices in Salt Lake and Ogden is growing more apparent daily. The public records, many of them of great value, are in danger of fire. If the coitrt and land records should be destroyed the loss would be a very serious one. I recommend the passage of the pending bills authorizing the construc- tion of the buildings. OLD CAPITOL BUILDING. The capitol building erected in Fillmore many years ago is now occu- pied by the public schools of that city. PENITENTIARY. The new buildings erected at the penitentiary grounds are now in use, and seem to be adequate to the wants of the institution. INDUSTRIAL HOME. This public institution is under the control of the Utah Commission, who is required by law to make an annual report to Congress. 8 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. DBSERBT USTIVERSITY. The name of tMs educational institution was changed from Deseret to Utah University. The attendance is all the building can accommo- date. The chancellor and board of regents have devoted much time to the work of placing the university on such a basis as will insure suc- cess for the future. Mnety thousand doUars was appropriated for the university for the years 1892 and 1893. KEFORM SCHOOL. At the last session of the legislative assembly $40,000 was appropri- ated for the maintenance of the school for the years 1892 and 1893, and $5,000 for new buildings. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, It is reported that the growth of this institution exceeds that of any like institution in the West. The legislature appropriated $65,000 to complete the buildings in accordance with the plans originally adopted. There are now in attendance some 225 pupils, from eight States and Territories. INDIANS. The Oommissiouer of Indian Affairs should be authorized to have carefully investigated the condition of the Indians in the Territory, who, having abandoned their tribal relations, are scattered all over the Ter- ritory. In former years the governor of the Territory was ex officio the commissioner of Indian affairs, and some attention was paid to their wants. They now seem to be totally neglected by the Government and Territory. UTE INDIAN REMOVAL. The citizens of Grand and San Juan counties now hope that the at- tempt to place at their doors a band of thriftless Indians will be de- feated. It now looks as if Congress had determined not to sanction the injustice sought to be perpetrated by some of the citizens of Colo- rado. Every day which passes witnesses a further development of the natural resources of these counties, and if the land was opened for set- tlement it is claimed that a large number of settlers would make their homes thtre. The land, when it can be brought under water, is ex- ceedingly productive and the climate very attractive. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 9 LIVE STOCK. Statement showing the nnniber of horses akd mules, cattle and sheep, assessed in Utah Territory for the years 1890, 1S91, and 1S92, and the assessed value for HOESES AND MULES. Beaver Box Elder . . Cache Davis Emery Garfield Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard .\ Morgan Pinte Kich Salt Lake San Juan San Pete Sevier Summit Tooele Utah Uintah "Wasatch "Washington . "Way ne t "Weber Total. Counties. 2,574 4,477 (j,262 5,060 3,626 2,032 1, i;ii 1,875 2,097 2,145 ■4, 891 1,2J3 2,464 2,366 791 5,002 3,902 3, 308 3,683 6,781 3,149 2,000 1,965 4, 082 1891. 2,513 5,724 ' 7, 809 ! 3,145 2,616 1,208 1,504 2,202 2,093 3,160 3,662 1,329 2,053 2, 174 8,438 1,036 4,995 2,790 j 2,911 I 3,704 t 7,657 3,542 ; 2,360 i 2, 397 I 4,498 3,634 (•) 7,980 3,100 2,963 3,438 1,488 2, 082 2, 031 2,791 2,792 1,383 1,310 3,380 7.060 1,044 5,833 4,126 2,982 5,016 8,403 3,836 2, 387 2, 635 ?, 119 4,646 Assessed value. 85,579 I 87,457 I $76, 182 112, 225 321, 950 132, 145 106, 750 89, 745 36, 030 71, 790 71, 285 85, 143 72, 980 44, 225 31, 724 83, 264 309, 175 30, 000 200, 610 126, 940 126, 587 103. 728 329, 205 92, 079 86, 085 88,915 •42, 671 213, 040 * No report. t New county ; no report before 1892. CATTLE. Counties. Beaver Box Elder . . . Cache Davis Emery Garfield Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard Morgan Pi ifte Eich Salt Lake San Juan San Pete Sevier Summit Tooele Utah Uintah "Wasatch "Washington . "Wayne" "Weber Total . 6,392 10, 094 9,988 9,538 9,707 9,024 23, 543 6,706 2,790 9,801 6,206 3,547 9,415 9,307 27, 392 9,711 10,513 8,846 4,844 12, 013 11, 494 9,383 10, 402 6,841 237, 496 1891. 6,740 13, 297 12, 913 5,630 6,530 6,256 19, 593 8,968 3,117 12, 949 8,605 3,333 4,682 8,503 8,126 36, 362 10, 161 14. 719 8,966 5,061 12, 059 9,469 10, 211 10, 209 6,976 242, 235 9, 287 (t) 11,937 6, 264 16, 001 16, 279 17, 513 8,315 4,734 13, 655 5,988 3,635 2,063 8,489 6,567 29, 722 10, 968 10, 067 8,364 6,071 13, 883 8,791 6,917 17, 329 8,682 7,274 266, 675 Assessed value. $99, 217 147, 498 142, 510 78, 584 112, 305 140, 128 175, 490 96, 142 46, 390 179, 162 60, 085 39, 170 20, 630 94, 006 136, 807 294, 720 125, 485 104, 908 116, 879 80, 145 177, 150 70, 941 76, 500 195, 980 86, 820 103, 720 !, 000, 372 * New county ; no report before 1892. t No report. 10 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statement shotving the inimAer of horses and mules, eaitle and sheep, assessed hi, Utah TeirUori) for the years 1890, 1891, and 189$, etc. — Contiuued. SHBEP. Coiiuties. 1890. 1891. 1892. Assessed value. 48, 061 80, 215 4,010 4, 962 ] 56, 440 16, 311 97, 826 97, 593 1.758 10, 783 21, 410 26, 4U2 14, 000 48, 967 143. 611 35, 667 (*) 8,521 4,703 76, 695 26, 775 9 64, 080 57, 267 49, 740 48, 075 4,407 11,944 (*' « 5,788 12, 200 216, 272 56, 268 6,386 187, 167 74, 306 37,425 15, 000 15, 2I2 21, 495 20, 799 $71. 134 90. 286 17,188 7,916 -p, 166. 670 53, 550 18 41, 642 132. 220 106, 980 114, 451 Xane 85,:i4B 1 96,025 180, 088 190. 000 99, 480 96, 150 947 27,440 4,201 4,668 36, 735 6,640 201, 536 9,860 106, 136 22. 989 B, 506 Pi Ute 23,885 jiicii Salt T,akft * 8,279 6,100 2,423 81, 967 18, 305 432, 644 112,618 8, :-j04 I 4. 923 12, 035 189, 088 63, 347 41, 115 9,322 11, 843 162, 469 101, 605 41, 165 10, 731 14, 680 365, 434 148, 280 TTintah . - 66, 168 30, 000 30, 425 42,990 4,993 13, 990 41,616 Total 1, 150, 296 1, 486, 392 1, 045, 080 2, 153, 107 * No report. f No report before 1892 ; new county. Increaae for the year: Horses and mules, 1,876, 2 per cent; cattle, 13,440, 5 per cent. Decrease for th.e year: Sheep, 440,312, 29.6 per cent. Wool clip for the year (estimated) pounds.- 12,000, 000 Number of cattle exported (estimated) 42, 000 Number of sheep exported (estimated) 650, 000 The corporation formed for the purpose of establishing a stock yard near Salt Lake City have erected the necessary buildings and are now receiving and shipping stock. THE MINING INDUSTRY. Statement showing value and anion ut of the principal mineral products of Utah, from 1879 to 1S91, both inclusive. Kefiued lend. "Unrefined. Amount. Value. Amount. Value. 1879 Pounds. 2, 301, 276 2, 892, 498 2, 645, 373 8, 213, 798 3, 230, 547 4, 840, 987 $103, 557. 42 144, 624. 90 146.495.51 410, 69J. 00 161, 527. 00 169, 434. 54 Pounds. 26, 315, 359 25, 667, 643 38. 222, 185 62, 349, 850 63, 431, 964 56, 023, 893 64, 318, 776 48, 456, 260 46,678,961 44, 567, 167 69, 421, 730 63,181,817 80,356,528 $592, 095. 57 1880 1881 QSt ^54 62 1882 1883 1, 685, 799. 00 980,418.02 1,222 176.46 1884 1885 1886 208, 800 2, 600, 000 9, 667. 44 111,750.00 1887 1 146 78fi 77 1888 1, 203, 313. 23 1889 2, 359, 540 5, 082, 800 6.170,000 89, 662. 52 203, 312. 00 246, 800. 00 1, 378, 584. 13 1, 895, 454. 51 2,410,695.84 1890 1891 Total 40,445,619 1, 796, 521. 33 657, 982, 123 16, 828, 652. 54 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 11 Sififemeiit showing value and amount of the principal mineral products of Utah, from 1879 to 1S91, fie— Continued. Silver. Amount. Gold. Value. $298, 908. 00 160, 400. 00 * 139,640.00 180, 780. 00 139, 820. 00 110, 600. 00 178, 060. 00 211,540.00 227, 740. 00 277, 720. 00 49!), 500. 00 677,020.00 723,200.00 Copper. Amount. \'aUie. $4, 106, 351. 71) 4, 029, 501. 30 5, 503, 762. 95 6,114,874.00 4, 984, 939. 00 6, 123, 047. 04 6, 221, 590. 56 5,860,8:17.34 5, 976, 884. 89 5,787,527.51 6, 656, 254. 65 8, 492, 209. 44 8,759,206.59 Amount. Founds. Value. 1879 Ounces. 3, 732, 247 3, 663, 183 4, 958, 345 5, 435, 444 4, 531, 763 5, 669, 488 5, 972, 689 5, 918, 842- 6, 161, 737 6, 178, 855 7, 147, 651 8, 165, 586 8, 915, 223 Ounces. 15, 732 8,020 6,982 9,039 6,991 5,630 8,'903 10, 577 11,387 13, 886 24, 975 33, 851 36, 160 1880 1 1881 """6b5,'880' 1882 $75, 735. 00 1883 1884 63, 372 6 337 20 1885 1886. . . . 2, 407, 550 2, 491, 320 2, 886, 8l6 2, 060, 792 956, 708 1,836,060 144 453 00 1887 124 566 00 1888 288, 68!.t)0 1889 18J0 1891 100 983 30 Total 76,451,053 78, 616, 993. 97 192, (133 3,824,928.00 13, 308, 498 1, 023, 371. 94 Increase over 1890, Per cent. In poTlnds of unrefined lead 21. 18 In pounds of refined lead 21. 38 In ounces of silver 9.18 In ounces of gold 6.82 In pounds of copper 90. 87 Metal products for 1891. [Furnished by J. E. Dooley, of Wells, Fargo & Co., Salt Lake City, Utah.] Copper. Lead, refined. Lead, unrefined. Silver in bars. Silver in base bul- lion and ores. Gold In bars. Gold in bullion and ores. Germania Lpad "Works Pounds. 305, 000 350, 000 901, 630 Pounds. 6, 170, 000 Pounds. 3, 343, 000 11, 010, 000 11, 887, 965 2, 682, 376 3, 856, 832 Ounces. 580, 000 Ounces. 253, 100 851, 400 1, 062, 774 397, 551 949, 415 2,089 Ounces. 4,135 ""716' Ounces. 1,096 6,611 9,744 850, 000 814, 485 49, 640 5,000 498 918 Silver Reef District " 279, 430 75 Net product bars and base 1,836,060 6, 170, 000 32, 7S0, 173 47, 576, 355 2, 299, 025 3, 516, 329 3, 099, 869 4,920 18, 867 12, 373 1, 836, 060 6, 170, 000 80, 356, 528 2, 299, 025 6, 616, 198 4,920 31,240 EECAPITULATION. Copper, 1,836,060 pounds, at 6J cents per pound $100, 983. 30 Eeiiiied lead, 6,170,000 pounds, at 4 cents per pound 246,800.00 Unrefined lead, 80,356,528 pounds, at $60 per ton 2, 410, 695. 84 Fine silver, 8,915,223 ounces, at $0.98i per ounce 8, 759, 206. 59 Fine gold, 36, 160 ounces, at $20 per ounce , 723, 200. 00 Total export value 12,240,885,73 Computing the gold and silver at tbetr mint valuation and other metals at their value at the seaboard it would increase the value of the product to $16,198,066,81. 12 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Comparative statement sliou'ing the qvantifif of silver and gold contained in and ores srodnceu in Utah. base bullion Year ' Total j silver ' produced. Total gold produced. Ounces. 17, 325 15, 040 15, 932 8,020 7,958 9,039 6.991 5,530 8,903 10, 577 11, 387 13, 886 24.975 33, 851 36. 160 Silver in ores and base "bullion. Gold in ores and base bullion. Total silver product. Total gold product. 1877 OvTices. 1 4. 359, 703 ] 4^357,328 Ounces, 2, 102, 098 2, 108, 359 1, 797, 589 1, 403, 819 2, 643, 899 2, 581, 789 2, 351, 190 3, 253, 984 8, 189, 576 2, 838, 263 5, 049, 273 3. 983, 217 5. 270, 250 6, 082, 825 6, 616, 198 Ounces. 11. 035 10, 165 5,693 2,878 2,022 5,016 5,597 3,806 7,289 8,369 10, 714 12, 854 24, 236 29. 555 31, 240 Per cent. 48.2 48.3 46.8 37.1 48.9 47.3 51.8 57.4 53.4 47.9 '65.7 64.4 73.7 74.4 74.2 Per cent. 63.6 67.5 1879 .-.- 1 3.835,047 35.7 1880 1881 1882 1883 1 3,783.566 I 5, 400, 101 ' 5,435,444 : 4, 531 , 763 35.8 32.9 56.5 80 1884 1885 1 5,669,488 1 5,972,689 1 5,918,842 68. g 81.8 79.1 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 i 6,161.737 i 6,178,8,56 7, 147, 651 8,165,586 .S.915,22;j 94 92.6 97 87.3 86.4, Comparative statement of the valve of lead bnlUon, including gold and silver necessarily produced in itn manufacture loest of the Missouri liiver, compiled from the annual reports issued by John J. Valentine, rice-president and general manager, Wells, Fargo ^- Co., San Francisco. Tear. Total value of precious metals, in- cluding lead. Total value of lead bul- lion, includ- ing gold and silver con- tents. Entire product. 1^81, 154, 622 75. 349, 501 80, 167, 936 84, 504, 417 92, 411, 835 90, 313, 612 84, 975, 954 90, 181, 260 103, Oil, 761 104, 645, 959 114, 341, 592 129, 677, 836 127,166,410 $14, 740, 581 19, 234, 394 28, 114. 594 30, 253, 430 35, 798, 750 34,810,022. 31, 191, 250 35, 731, 711 44, 635, 655 41,595,853 38, 004, 826 42, 878, 063 46, 852. 367 Per cent. 18.1 1879 . .... 25 5 35 1881 35.8 38.7 1883 38 5 3884 36.7 1885 39 6 1886 . - 43.3 1887 39 7 1888 - 33.2 1889 3.3.5 36.8 NATURAL GAS. For many years past it lias been claimed that natural gas could be found beneath the crust of the Salt Lake Basin. Two years ago it was reported that from a well sunk near Brigham City gas had commenced to ilow which burned quite brilliantly and was used for some time. It was also reported that in Ogden City gas had been found, and in Salt Lake some well- borers discovered quite a flow. Eecent developments have confirmed the belief that gas exists, and it now appears that Salt Lake Valley is in the center of a gas belt. During the past year wells have been sunk on the shore of the Great Salt Lake in Davis County; the gas is found at a depth of some 800 feet. The gas is said to be of the best known quality, and it is claimed that some of the wells will yield an average of about 4,000,000 cubic feet in twenty- four hours with a rock pressure of 210 pounds. It is stated the new American Gas and Fuel Company, who have sunk a number of wells, are now prepared to commence the construction. of a gas plant and pipe line into Salt Lake City. EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 13 The mining industry in UtaL is exceedingly depressed because of the depreciation of silver. Very many mines have closed down; a good many more are running at very little profit, nearly all the proceeds being exhausted in expenses. Only such mines as are thoroughly opened and fully equipped aie reaping anything like a fair profit. In- asmuch as the purchasing power of silver is not at all reduced by its depre(biation — that is, as silver in the rough bar purchases as much of anything which men produce by th'eir labor as the same amount of silver did when stamped by the Government and wlien it commanded a pre- mium over gold — thedepression extendsbeyondsilver-miningand affects, in a measure, all branches of business. Many mines that are now being worked are only made profitable at all by the fact that tlie ore contains lead and silver in combinatiiou, and the reasonable price for lead makes up in a measure for the unprofitably low price of silver. The fear that with the meeting of Congress again there may be a reciprocity treaty concluded with Mexico which will open to that coun- try the markets of the United States tor all its minerals free of duty, prevents the usual prospecting for mines, which generally is carried on through the summer in Utah, and fills those who have lead- silver mines with apprehension for the future, because it is plain that the men of Utah, who have generous wages and who educate their children, can not directly compete with the laborers in Mexico, who work for from 25 to 65 cents per day. The transportation from Utah east losts as much as transportation from the northern states of Mexico does. Hence, with the tariff thrown off from lead and copper and other metals, it would be impossible for the miners of the West to supply any lead product except such as could not be obtained from Mexico. Our people look with much anxiety to the result of the international silver conference, and hope from it to obtain such recognition for silver as will make it again a full measure of values, and they see no immediate i^rospect of an improvement in the industries of our nation unless some fair adjustment may be adopted by that conference which the nations in turn will be willing to ratify. Should the conference fail, then the problem will confront the silver miners of what next is best to do, and I think the disposition will be to call a second conference of the republics of this continent to see if srich an arrangemeut for interchangeable coinage can not be made as shall secure stability to silver and give to the United States a prestige which would bring to us the bulk of all the exchange trade of the continent. Silver men think that the men in the agricultural and manufacturing States ought to be as much moie interested in the restoration of silver than are the miners of the West as what they x)roduce exceeds in value that which the miners produce, and they look upon the cry of hard times as due solely to the injustice which was put upon silver by its demonetization. Indeed they point to the fact that silver has lost no fraction of its purchasing power; hence they claim that corn and cot- ton and wheat and all the other products which the farm and factory pro- duce are at the same a])parent discount that silver is, or, raher, that just at this time, wIkmj measured by any other product that comes of labor, gold stands at a premium of 40 per cent, and they hold that no nation can do business with a standard inflated that way without busi- ness speedily coming to an utter collapse. So their hopes are now cen- tered in the international conference, for they nurse a strong belief that, when the representatives of the nations meet together and the truth shall be told about the condition of the people all over civiliza- tion, it will be the irresistible conclusion of that conference that there 14 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. is not gold enough in tlie world to serve as a basis for the bu.«iness of the world, and that, therefore, silver must be recognized not as a mere convenience in business— a something to be redeemed in gold— but as a metal that contains all the properties e-sential to money, and hence must be recognized by the nations as money as good as gold. SLATE. • Deposits of slate are found in different parts of Utah. There is a very large deposit ou Fremont Island, in the Great Salt Lake, but the most useful and valuable discovery has been in the canon immediately east of Provo City, Utah. The deposit of purple slate, one of the most valuable colors known to commerce, is practically inexhaustible. Sam- ples of the slate have been sent abroad for examination, and have been pronounced equal to the slate taken from the famous quarries of Wales. It has the flue grain and the strength and durability possessed by the best roofing slate. The manufacture of shingles has commenced, and the slate will now be placed upon the market for the various commer- cial uses. The character of the deposit is indicated by the size of the slabs now- being cut. One recently taken put measured 10 by 10 feet. TEIPOLITE AND FLUOEITE. There has been discovered in the vicinity of Stockton, Tooele Oouuty , Utah, a deposit of mineral substance known as tripolite, and also a - considerable quantity of the mineral fluorite or tluor spar, at Park City, Summit County, Utah. Tripolite has been used as a polishing powder, and for this purpose goes by the name of electro-silicon. It has also been used in the manu- facture of cement, in the preparation of soda silicate, and as a non- conductor of heat. But another use has been found for it by an enter- prising citizen of Salt Lake City, Utah. He has turned the discovery to account by using it in the manufn.cture of a useful silicon soap, which seems to be growing in public favor. The fluorite or fluorspar has been found in the May Flower and Anchor mines near Park City. It consists of fluorine and calcium (commonly called fluoride of lime), and is white, greenish, or purple in color. That from the May Flower has all these colors. There is a suffi- cient quantity to encourage tlie manufacture of hydrofluoric acid, used for etching glass. It might also be used in the manufacture of orna- ments, and, as is sometimes done, lenses. But one of its most useful applications is the smelting of ores, fluorite being an admirable flux. IRON GEE. In Utah Territory iron can be found in all its forms. In nearly every county can be found deposits, occurring in A^eins, fissures and blanket,^ and in pockets. It is impossible to estimate the vahie of these deposits. Some of the ore assays as high as 60 x>or cent pure. In Iron County, Utah, are vast beds, many miles in extent, of a superior quality or hematite and magnetic ores. It is probably the most remarkable de- posit of iron ore discovered in the western world. These deposits are about 190 miles directly south of Salt Lake City, and about 50 miles from the nearest railway. Most of the ore is very pure. There are also large deposits of iron ore in Juab County. The mines of Tintic REPORT OP TEE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 15 have long supplied vast quantities of ore to the smelters for use in the reduction of ores. The vast iron, coal, and lime deposits of Utah will someday be utilized. When that time comes the Territory can easily supply all the iron needed by the W^est for many centuries. SULPHTIK. Sulphur beds have been discovered in different parts of the Territory. The largest, known as the Cove Creek Sulphur Miues, and situated about 28 miles east of Black Kock Station on the Utah Southern branch of the Union Pacific Eailway, on the boundary line between Millard and Beaver counties. The formation in wliicli the sulphur occurs is trachyte, and near the top granite. The sulphur appears in and with decomposed trachyte and volcanic tufa. The salphur layer is from 4 to 24 feet thick. Fortunately the sulphur deposit is near the surface. If it were underground the sulphurous gases would prevent it being worked. Sulphur has been shipped from these mines for years, and has been used for selected uses. COPPER. It has long been known that large deposits of superior copper ore existed in different parts of Utah. There is scarcely a county which does not contain deposits. They constitute a most important part of the great mineral wealth of Utah. In southern Utah a smelter is now reducing copper ores, and the matte is hauled by wagon to the nearest xailroad point fully 100 miles distant. This is done at a jirofit, and is an evidence of the rich char- acter of the ores. In the Henry mountains some copper veins have . been discovered which abound in nuggets of almost pure copper. UTAH ONYX. A deposit of onyx has been found near Pelican Point, southwest of Lehi City, Utah County. It has been determined to be composed of carbonate of calcium, commonly known as carbonate of lime. It is, therefore, not true onyx, which is a variety of quartz and consists chiefly of silica. This Utah oayx closely resembles the Mexican onyx, which is so highly prized for decorative purposes. The deposit is reported to be about z! feet by 20 feet, and to extend downward to an unknown dis- tance. It is cabable of receiving a very hig'h polish and is really quite handsome. The demand for this variety of marble, often known as " onyx marble," appears to be rapidly increasing for purposes of decora- tion, and as this Utah onyx exhibits a greater variety of colors than the Mexican onyx, it is reasonable to conclude that if it occurs in sufficient quanty, as now seems aluiost certain, it must in the near future be as eagerly sought nfter as the Mexican, and will probably surpass it for all those purposes for which the latter has been employed. PUBLIC AND DENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS. The steady increase in the number of pupils attending the public schools during the year ending June, 1S90, continued during the year ending June, 1891. In Salt Lake City the number of pupils seeking admission is Ibeyond the capacity of the school buildings, and the trus- tees are compelled to rent private buildings. 16 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH In Ogden, Provo, Logan, and other cities the schools are also crowded. The free school law has stimulated the cause of public education in every part of the Territory. Denominational schools still exist in different parts of the Territory, though I have been informed there is a steady decrease in the number of pupils attending them. I believe it is the intention of nearly all the, denominational schools to gradually withdraw from competition with the public schools. In my last report I referred to the fact of denominational schools hav- ing been established by the Mormon Church board of education in competition with the public schools. The statement was severely crit- icised by the organ of the church, and it was intimated the statement was not true. Since then I have received reports from such schools, which show conclusively that many of them are teaching the same class oi studies as the public schools. The time must soon come when the denominational school will have to give way before the public schools. ■Statement showini/ the numher of scJiools estaJilished and maintained liy religions denomi- nations, excepting the Church of Jckkx Christ of Latter Day Saints, for the yean 1S91 and Benojniuations. Methodist Protestant Episcopal Catholic Congregational Presbyterian Total ISOl. 1892. Schools. Teachers. Pnpils. Schools. Teachers. Pupils. 25 38 1,400 21 36 1,150 5 18 500 6 18 550 50 800 8 73 900 21 45 2,269 20 46 2,068 31 61 1,936 26 57 1,850 88 212 6,904 81 230 6,518 Statement showing the nmnher of churches and ministers muinlained hy religions denom- inations, excepting the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, for the years 1891 and 1893. Denominations. Methodist '. Protestant Episcopal Catholic Congregational Swedish Lutheran. . . Baptist Presbyterian Total Churches. Ministers. r> (*) Churches. | Ministers. ^ No report. Alio ten missions without churches. 30 6 19 12 7 4 20 KEPOBT or THE GOVEENOE OF UTAH. 17 statement showing the amount expended for sehooU by the various religious denominations, excepting the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, prior to June 30, 1891, to June SO, 1892. — i Denominational. Methodist Protestant Episcopal . Catholic -Gongreg;ational Sweaish Lutheran Baptist Presbyterian Total - Expended for schools to June 30, 1891. (*) 473, 000 386, 169 16, 600 374, 260 1, 599, 519 Expended maintain- ing schools 1892. $11,, MO 16, 000 30, 000 36, 000 (*) 2,600 119, 100 Expended for schools, grounds, and build- ings, 1892. Kone $7, 000 60, 000 None 13, 000 2,300 82, 300 Total. $361, 100 22, 000 563, Olio 421, 169 16, 60O 13, 000 404, 150 1, 800, 919 * ]^o report before 1 891. Statement showing the amount expended for churches by the various denominations, except- ing the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, prior to June 30, 1891, and June SO, 1892. Denominations . Methodist Protestant Episcopal . Catholic Congregational Swedish Lutheran - - . Prfcsby terian Total Expended for grounds, buildings, and mainte- nance to June 30— Total. 1891. 1892. $217, 500 113,000 20, 000 45, 900 89, 700 8,600 1,2U0 7, 000 51,000 6,275 2,300 226, 000 1,200 120, 000 71, 000 ■"f" 62, 175 92,000 486, 100 70. 275 662,875 * !N'o report. BUSINESS PROSPERITT. During the year ending June 30, 1892, there has been a steady devel- opment of the business interests of the Territory, though not to the same extent as in the years 1890 and 1891. In the commercial centers business has been quiet, but in the remoter counties many of tlie new settlements have been growing quite rapidly. In the principal cities and towns the population has steadily in- creased, and the number of persons coming to the Territory from the East is quite large. The statistics show that new buildings have been erected in the different cities and towns to the value of $3,017,380. The sugar manufactory erected at Lehi, Utah County, is now in suc- cessful operation. Because of its presence the price of sugar was lower in 1891 than it has been in the history of the Territory. 8203 2 18 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statement showing the nnmibev of residences and business hwUdings erected or under oon- ' tract for erection in the cities and towns for the year ending June 30, 1892. Incorporated cities and towns. Cities under special charter. American Foi'k ^Ipine Beaver Brighani City Cedar City Coalville Corinne Epliraim Fairview IFillmore G-rantsville Hyrum Kays vlUfa Lehi Logan Mauti Mendon Moroni Mount Pleasant * Morgan Ogden t Park City Parowan Paysou Pleasant Grove Provo + Eichfield Riclimoud Salt Lake City .Smithfield X 'Spanish Fork Spring City Springville St. George Tooele "Wellsville Willard "Washington Cities and towns under general law. Bear Kiver Monroe Fountain Green Heber Kanab Nephi Salem Salina Santaquine Elsimore Huntington Total t Public schools, $220,000. tBiatrict school. $1,600. * District school, $10,000. Dwell- ings. 26 3 10 28 10 9 3 10 10 2 None. 1 5 11 40 Value. $16,600 3,000 12, 000 32, 000 10, 500 4,500 5,000 9,700 3,000 500 Business houses. Value. 4 None. 2 3 1 None. 2 3 2 2 None. 1 None. 3 4 3 None. None. 1 None. 29 3 None. 4 4 5 15 None. 39 None. 4 2 7 None. 1 None. 1 None. None. do.. do .. 2 1 (§) None. 12 3 8 None. $6, 650 None. 5,000 10, 76C 1,200 None. 18, 000 3,500 500 1,000 4,000 15, 000 35, 000 81, 700 17, 300 3,600 5,000 18, 857 6,000 296, 210 45, 500 1,500 24,000 6,000 101,000 5,000 7,500 952, 294 6,000 11, 000 5,000 32, 000 9,000 2,000 2,700 5,000 2,000 None. 22,000 66 20 6 10 23 6 165 43, 000 4,900 None. None. 300 None. 281, 600 65 1 30 10 32 6 6 544 6 12 12 32 6 2 3 4 None. 4 8 2 5 << 7 9 13 3 33, 000 None. 15, OOO 7,000 15,800 18,026 585, 775 None. 17, 000 1,400 56, 000 8,000 :), 500 5,000 4,123 2,500 6,000 2,000 5,000 3,000 3,000 5,500 4,600 6,300 3,500 13 000 7 100 1,296 1,827,384 171 1, 190, 000 5 No II Pu A report, blio echo cademy, ) als, $16,600 75,000. And Brig lam Young TERRITORIAL PAIR. The annual Territorial fair was held at Salt Lake City, opening on October 4 and closing October 8. The fair is reported to have been the most successful held in the Territory in point of attendance and the character of the exhibits. The educational, live-stock, fruit, and vegetable exhibits were of superior quality and excellence. The mill fabrics were attractive and seemed to be as fine in quaUty and finish as like goods manufactured in other and older places. The annual fairs are constantly growing in popular interest. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. THE RAILROAD SYSTEM. The railroad system of Utah. 19 street railroad system. From— To— Colorado line Miles of line. Road. Gauge 4 feet 8i inches. ^t.r Rio Grande Western — 294.1 14.15 10.06 60.8 25.7 43.6 17.6 1.5 1.8 1.4 , Bingham branch Bingham Junction do Alta branch San Pete branch Thistle Junction . . Manti Sevier Railway (leased) Tintic Railway (leased) SpringviUe Junc- tion. Pleasant Yalley. . . Silver City Lake Park spur Utah Central coal mine spur Diamond spur Bingham tramway 3 5 Alta tramway 7 6 Total 470.61 Ogden Nevada line Central Pacific in TJtah, Ogden main line. Utah Central- Main line 157 Salt Lake City. . . . do Do Park VAtv 31 Do . ..do . . . Mill Creek Total "Wyoming line Union Pacific- Main line In Utab 73 280 62 31 96.3 Do .t LehiCity " Echo and Park City Echo Park City Idaho line Utji.h fl-nd T^'Piya'la Salt Lake City.... M"ephi 37 San Pet« Valley ....do 34 Total 542.3 71 1,169.91 122 3 Blectrio. Steam motor. Salt Lake Miles. 58 10 Milet. Ogden . Total 68 6 ' Increase of railroad mileage, standard gange, 93.51 miles; increase of railroad mileage, narrow gange, 11.3 miles. The following cities are lighted by electricity: Salt Lake, Ogden Provo, Park City, Payson, and Logan. 20 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. BANK STATEMENT. Statements have been received from the following-named banks, show- ing state of their business June 30, 1892, as follows : Brighara City: Bank of Brigham Brauch Ogdeii (Utah) Loan and Trust Co Bank of Span ish Fork Corinne ; J . W. Guthrie Davia County Bank Kaysvjlle : Barnes Banking Co Leni : Commercial and Savings Bank Xogan : Tlaatrher Brothers Banking Co Mauti : Manti City Savings Bank Mount Pleasant: Commercial and Savings Bank . Nephi : Savings Bank and Trust Co First National. Ogden : State Bank Commercial National Bank First National Bank Utah National Bank Citizens' Bank Ogden Savings Bank Utah Loan and Trust C'o.'s Bank Park City : Bark City Bank Paysou "Exchange and Savings Bank Prove ; Commercial and Savings Bank First National Bank N ational Bank of Commerce Utah County Savings iiank Kichtield : James M. Peterson Springville Banking Co Salt Lake City : American National Bank Commercial N ational Bank Deseret National Bank National Bank of the Republic Union National Bank Bank of Comnerce State Bank of Utah Deseret Savings Bank Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Co Salt Lake Valley Loan and Trust Co Utab Title Insurance and Trust Com- pany Savings Bank Wells, Fargo & Co McCormick & Co Utah Commercial and Savings Bank T. R. Jones & Co Utah National Bank Total 5,U8,23L78 1 5,910,331.50 Capital. Deposits. 1891. 1892. .$25,000.00 $35,000.00 $61,275.48 (*) 55, 000. 00 (*) 25, 000. 00 (*) 150, 000. 00 ,25, 000. 00 (*) 50, 000. 00 80, 000. 00 13S, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 75, 000. CO 200, 000. 00 146, 290. 00 75. 000. 00 200, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 25, 000. UO 75, 000. 00 j 50,000.00 53, 654. 28 ! 50,0.0.00 I 20,000.00 I (*) 265, 000. 00 330, 0110. 00 500, 000. 00 505, 000. 00 440, 000. 00 100, OUO. 00 500, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 127, 287. 00 19, 425. 00 50, 000. 00 11,706.50 25, OOJ. 00 49, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 25, 367. 15 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 125. OOO. 00 150, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 100, OM. 00 150, 000. 00 75, OOi). 00 213, -0. 00 50, 000. 00 30, 200. 00 160, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 200, boo. 66 75, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 50, OJO. 00 20, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 250, OOO. 00 300, OUO. 00 500, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 445, 000. 00 100,000.00 500, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 150,000.00 200, 000. 00 200, OOO. 00 200, 000. 00 162, 821. 21 78, 396. 07 (*) 43. 184. 46 117, 861. 24 105, 000. 00 230, 000. 00 191, 295. (10 325, OJO. 00 113, 364. 52 177, 365. 41 91, 033. 30 88, 127. 06 26, 443. 14 68, 086. 00 57. 503. 47 27,230.96 52, 553. 67 22, 660. 65 $61. 324. IS 200, 000. 00 296, 222. 54 334, 469. 82 841, 073. 00 331,488.44 908. 834. 17 162, 948. 89 250, 286. 31 424, 941. 23 927, 696. 46 (f) 77, 725. 64 1, 324, 840. 63 240, 272. 00 150, 236. 47 8, 355, 584. 39 10, 550. 79 65, 000. 00 5, 423. 26 43, 045. 76 46, 832. 62 193, 658. 00 112, 328. 17 43,625.50 113, 330. 74 145, OCO. 00 233, 302. 00 396, 467. 52 300, 000. OO 232,873.50 217, 229. 45 108, 437. 09 155, 022. 04 59, 781. 62 75, 015. 00 43, 563. 00 27, 765. 58 50, 000. 00 26,286.00 29, 583. 09 404, 423. 41 459, 767. 81 1, 153, 200. 64 332, 785. 00 847, 408. 50 260, 209. 40 422, 948. 30 557, 886. 50 1,033,496.24 1, 330, 980. 05 161, 220. 65 1,266,660.66 333, 600. 44 330,013.11 290, 445. 24 11, 913. 750. 17 * New bank. t Receive nn deposits. Increase in bank capital, 16.7 per cent; increase in deposits, 42.1 per icnt. THE LABOR SUPPLY. The number of men belonging to the trades unions in Salt Lake City and Ogden is as follows : Salt Lake : Members cf trades unions federated 2 583 Members of trades unions not federated !..!!! l' 464 Trades-labor men not members of trades union '872 Ogden : Members of trades unions federated g70 Members of trades unions not federated 498 Trades-labor men not members of trades unions Members of trades unions outside of Salt Lake and Ogden .......].!.. 2 748 '^*'*'*^ 8, 835 REPORT OF THE GOVERKOR OF UTAH. 21 statement showing rate of wages for certain kinds of labor and hours employed. Month. Week. Day. Hours employed. $4. 50 to $5. 50 2. 50 to 3. 00 3.00 to 4.00 3. 50 to 4. 00 Brickmakers 9 Blacksmiths 9 Brewers $70 9 $21 Boot and shoe makers 2. 75 to 3. 00 g 60 to 100 3. 00 to 3. 50 rJnolra nnrl \v'ait'>ftTs 40 to 75 10 3. 60 to 4. 50 2. 25 to 3. 00 2.25 to 2.75 S.OO to 3.50 3. 00 to 3. 50 2. 00 to 2. 50 3. 00 to 3. 50 3. 50 to 4. 00 g 9 Sand 9 9 9 liaborers 8-9 8 Mnr.binist.fl 9 21 to 25 18 to 25 9 d 4. 50 to 6. 00 3. 00 to 3. 50 4. 00 to 4. 50 4. 00 to 4. 50 4. 50 to 5. 50 4. 50 to 6. 00 2.00 3.50 to 4.00 9 9 8 8 8 g 9 8 15 to 20 20 to 25 10 8 Statement showing tonnage shipped over It io Grande Western Battway Company for year ending June, 30 1892. Articles. Products of agriculture : Grrain Flour Other mill products . . Fruit and vegetables . Canned goods Products of animals : Dressed meats Other packing-house products - ■Wool Hides and leather Live stock Products of mines : Anthracite coal Bituminous coal Ores Stone, sand, and clay -Bnllion Quantity. Tons. 10, 854 1,428 1 1,392 20,963 I 1,359 6,423 298 i 6,200 J 3,458 783 10,730 12, 136 178,243 91,644 42, 586 10, 134 Products of mines — Continued : Coke and charcoal Products of forests : Lumber Manufactures : Petroleum and oils Sugar Castings and machinery Bar and sheet metal Cement, brick, and lime Agricultural implements Wagons and carriages "Wines, liquors, and beer Housohola goods and furniture Iron and steel nails Merchandise Miscellaneous Total Quantity. Tons. 36,067 35,588 8,541 38, 031 9,078 3,328 10, 180 2,193 4,087 7; 642 5,025 10, 884 50, 002 12,809 632, 288 Increase in pounds over 1893, 11.08 per cent. Movement affreight traffic over Southern Pacific Company in Territory of Utah during the year ending December SI, 1891. EECEITED AT AND FOEWAEDED FEOM OGDBN. Articles. Merchandise Hay and grain Fruit and vegetables. Live ptock Dressed meats Stone Brick Pig iron Tons. 115, 803 875 106, 672 4,295 I 2,919 211 rwarded. Tons. 143, 275 11, 547 - 1,466 535 10, 608 890 155 4 Articles. Lumber and wooden ma^ terial Coal Coke and charcoal Ore Total Eeceived. Forwarded. 12,815 628 14, 080 20, 600 183, 075 1,568 61 373, 784 22 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Movement of freight traffic over Southern Pacific Company, etc. — Continued. FORWARDED FROM POINTS OTHER THAK OGDEN. Articles. Merchandise Hay Grrain Potatoes Live stock . - , Hides Wool Quantity. Articles. Ore Quantity. Tons. 544 24 5,664 156 595 10 210 Tom. ■27 Salt 107 Brick 502 Ice 221 10 Total 8,070 UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. I was not able to secure a report from the agent of the Union Pacific Eailway Company. List of oompanieri organised and incorporated in Utah Territory and filed in the office of tlie secretary thereof during the year ending July 1, 1892. MINING COMPAjSTIES. Name. T.T J. Par value stares. , ^^^^^ Argentine Mining Co Alma Mining antt Milling Co Annie Consolidated Mining Co Bald Mountain Mining Co Blue Jay ConsolidatedMining Co Bevans Mining Co Blair Mining Co Bountiful Gold and Silver Mining and Milling Co . Cane Spring Consolidated Gold Mining Co Cleveland Mining Co Cache "Valley Mining Co Deseret Gold and Silver Mining and Milling Co . . - Diamond Mining Co Denver and Ogden Mining Co Eureka Cousolidated Mining Co -Eagle Mining Co " Ferris Gold and Silver Mining and Milling Co Gold Belt Mining and Milling Co Golden Star Mining and Milltug Co General Logan Mining Co Gold Blossom Mining Co - Lincoln Mining Co Lucky Boy Gold Mining Co Mingo Smelting Co Monte Cristo Mining and Milling (.'u Monarch Mining Co Morgan City Mining Co Montreal Mining and Smelting Co Mount Baldy Mill and Mining Co Mineral Point Mining Co Mohawk Queen Consolidated Mining Co Mohawk ConsoUdaied Mining and Milling Co Muldoon Mining and Milling Co North Dalton Mining Co Nast Consolidated Mining Co North Tintic Consolidated Mining Co New Tintic Mining and Smelting Co Old Jordan and Galena Mining Co Ogden Mining Co Ogden La Plata Mining and Milling Co Opohongo Mining Co Peruvian Consolidated Mining Co Pine Canon Mining Co Pride of the Hills Mining Co Pride of the AV est Mining Co Kichmond and Anaconda Consolidated Mining Co . lied .Tatikri Mining and Milling Co 300 000 500; 000 500, 000 100, 000 400, OOll 360, 0(10 500, 000 1,000,000 100, 000 100, ooo 500, 000 600, 000 500,000 1 1,000,000 250,000 ! 100,000 600,000 500,000 300, 000 1, 000, 000 100, 000 130,000 200,000 5,000 200, 000 300, 000 500, 000 250, 000 300, 000 100, 000 150, 000 500, 000 300, 000 500, OOU 1, 000, 000 1, 200, 000 300, 000 20, 000 500, 000 1, 000, OJO 100, OOO 150, 000 200, 000 500, 000 1, 000, 000 .500, 000 3, 000. 000 $900, 000 1, 000, 000 500, 000 500, 000 2, 000, 000 360, 000 600, 000 1, 000, OOO 600, 000 500, 000 500, 000 3, 000, 000 500, 000 1, 000, OOO 250, 000 1, 000, 000 6, OOi), 000 500, 000 1, 500, 000 1, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 1, 500, 000 1, 000, 000 501), 000 1, 000, 000 500, 000 500, 000 2, 500, 000 300, 000 100, 000 1, 500, 000 500, 000 300, OOO 2, 500, 000 1, 000, 000 1, 200, 000 3, 000, 000 2, 000, OOO 500, 000 1,000,000 200, 000 150, 000 1, 000, 000 600, OOO 1,000,000 300, 000 2. 000, OOO REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 23 Table of companies organized and imcorporated in. Utah Territory — Continned. MINING COMPANIES-Continuetl. Name. ■ Retribution Mining and Reduction Co Snow Flake Mining Co Sundown and La Plata Mining Co Silver Maple Mining and Milling Co Silver ^fountain Mining Co Swansea Mining Co Sampson Mining Co Sunset Mining Co Silver Sjiar Mining and Milling Co Tetro Mining Company of Xintic Tumgreen Mining Co Tintic Tunnel Co Tintic Milling Co , Union Coeperative Mining and Milling Co. Utall Coal and Iron Co Utali Public Sampling Co Wasatch Mining Co York Mining Co Well Annie Mining Co Ricli Cache ^Fining Co Connecticut Keduction Co No. of shares. 500, 600 100, 000 ,000,000 30, 000 300, 000 too, 000 500, 000 200, 000 300, 000 300, 000 250, OUO 500, OOO 200, 000 100, 000 2,500 3, OUO 120, 000 200, 000 250, 000 100, 000 125, OUO Total capitalization - Par value of capital stock. $500, OOO :>m, OOO 1, 000, OOO 150, OOO 3, 000, OOO .500, OOO 500, 000 1, 000, OOO 1,500,000 800, OOO 1, 250, OOO 1,250,000 200, 000 1.000,000 250, 000 30,000 120, 000 1, 000, 000 250, 000 1, 000, 000 125, 000 66,185,000 MANUFACTUKING COMPANIES. Blue Cut Charcoal Co Coalville Coke and Coal Co Cache Pressed Brick Co Chalk Creek Coal and Coke Co Diamond, Kyune, and Castle Stone Co Logan Brick, Pipe, and Tile Co L. EC. Dale Manufacturing Co McKinnons Horse Collar and Manufacturing Co . Payson Electric Light and Manufacturing Co Salt Lake Pickle Co Salt Lake Power, Light, and Heating Co South Ogden Clay and Manufacturing Co trtah Saddlery and Harness Co Utah Construction Co Utah Pressed Brick and Tile Co "Wasatch Milling Co '. . . Weber Farmers Milling and Manufacturing Co . . . Woods Cross Canning and Pickle Co Ti)t;)l capitalization- 80 *8, 000 100, 000 100, 000 2,500 25, 000 loo, 000 1,000,000 50, 000 50, 000 260 25, 000 1,000 10, 000 1,000 10, 000 200 10, 000 2,000 50, 000 500 50, 000 5,000 500, 000 1,000 25, 000 1, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 200, 000 200, 000 500 50, 000 10, 000 50, 000 5,000 50, 000 3, 213, 000 i.AKii. stock;, and w.vter companies. Alta Stuck Co., limited Burke Land and Cattle Co- - Cache Valley Land Co Fremont Park Water Co Herriman Irrigation Co Leaming Water and Land Co Lucerne Land and Water Co Moab Irrigation Co Midland Live Stock Co Netherland Fine Stock and Dairy Co. Oquirsh Water and Land Co Ogden Bench, Canal, and Water Co . . Ogden, Utah, Hot Springs Co Oquirsh Ranch and Live Stock Co — Strongs Caiion Water Co Silver Creek Live Stock Co 5,000 10, 000 10, 000 120 275 1,000 5, UOO 1,600 500 10, 000 4.000 50, 000 16, 000 10, 000 3, 000 ■1,000 $500, 000 1, 000, 000 1,000,000 ; 12, 000 li, 550 100, 000 50, 000 30, 000 50,000 50, 000 400, 000 50, OOO 160, 000 50, 000 75. 000 40, 000 Total capitalization - 3, 578, 550 24 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. JAst of companies organized and incorporated in Utah Territory — Continued. MERCAlfTrLE COMPANIES. A. W. Caine & Oo Americau Fork Creamery Co : Ackerman Printing Co Boxelder Meat and Produce Co Barlow Thompson Grocery Co Bountiful Lumber and Building Co Cache Valley Broom Co ,C.B. Durst Grocery Co Dunford Shoe Co., The - Driver Mercantile Co Electric Confectionery Co Edward Sanborn Co., The : Ereeze Mercantile Co Hales Bros. Co Hyrum Cooperative Institution Inland Crystal Salt Co., of Utah James E. i^eenan Preserve Co J. H. Lay son Co Junction City Paint Co Kyune Dove Stone Co Kaysville Creamery Co M. S. Ascheim Mercantile Co -- Paj'son Canning, Creamery, and Dairy Co Provo Grocery Co y Itemington, Johnson &: Co Salt Lake Music Co Sykea Drug Co South Ogden Mercantile Co Salt Lake Implement Co Twenty-first Ward Cooperative Mercantile Institution. Tintic Mercantile Co Utali and Oregon Lumber Co Wellsville Cooperative Mercantile Co Wasatch Asplialtum Co "Wasatch Stove Co No. of shares. 1,000 2,500 300 150 2.000 3,000 200 10,000 200 15, 000 5,000 400 1,000 1,000 10, 000 2,000 5.000 1,000 500 100, 000 140 1,850 2.600 200 180, OOO 800 1,000 250 a, 000 2,000 500 500 8,000 125, 000 1,000 Par value of capital stock. Total capitalization. BANKS. $10,000 25,000 30,000 3,000 10, 000 5,000 20,000 10, 000 20,000 15,000 25,000 10,000 25,000 10, 000 50,000 200, 000 50,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 3,500 185,000 25,000 20,000 18U, 000 40,000 10, 000 25, 000 500, 000 5,000 75, 000 50, 000 40,000 125, OOi/ 100, 000 Davis County Bank, The Bank of Spanish Fork Lehi Comme-cial and Savings Bank Mount Pleasant Commercial and Savings Bank . Springville Banking Co 250 .$25, 000 250 25, 000 500 50, 000 500 50, 000 500 50, 000 Total capitiiliz.itioii . 200, 000 .MISCELLANEOUS COEPOEATIONS. Assembly Hall Aseociatioii Brigham City Electric Co Brighton Theater Co Beclter Brewing and Malting Co Children Building and Savings Association. Coalter and SnelgTove &. Co Citizens' National Gas Co Cataract Navigation Co Daily Miner Publisbiug Co Dispatch Printing and Tnblishing Co Hot Salt Lalce Improvement Co Helper Towiisite Co Harris Self-^vritiiig Table Co Indinua Natural Gas and Pipe Line Co Journal Publisliiu « Co Keisel, Shilling ^ Uanilsou Co La Plata Hotel and Mercantile Co Masonic Temple Association Mound Fort Educaftional Institute Maynes, Wells ^ Scboiield Co Ni-w \ineiir;i Gas and Enel Co 10,000 : $10,000 500 25,000 2,500 2,500 50,000 50, OOU 50,000 5, 000, 000 35,000 35, 000 100,000 100, 000 5,000 I 50,000 io,oeo 10, 000 2,500 26, 0011 300,000 ' 300, 000 .50,000 , 50,000 100 5,000 100 000 i 1,000,000 2,500 25, 000 3,000 30, 000 1,000 1 10,000 10,000 1 100, 000 400 ' 4,000 1,000 ■ 10, 001) .■.0(1 000 5, 000, 000 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 25 List of companies organized and incorporated in Utah T&rritonj — Continued. JMISCELLAKEOUS CORPORATIONS— Continued. Xami'- Ogden Improvement Syndicate Ogden Ensor Institute Prymoutli Rock Building and Loan Association Eead Hotel Company .' Smy the, Brittou & I^oore Co Salt Lake City G-as Co Salt Lake Driving Park Asf^oriation Students' Loan Association of Utah Solar Crystal Salt Co Sanborn Medical Co Salt Lake Keeley Institute Salt Lake National Gas Co - Salt Lake Gilsonite Co South Ogden Land and Building and Inipro\-ement Co _ Soutli western Trust Co Utah Sheep Co , Utah Normal College and Conservatory of Music Asnociation . United States Gas and Oil Co Utah. Colonization and ImTH*ovement Co "World's Fair Transit and Milling Co ■Western Loan and Savings Co No. of shares. Total capitalization . Par value of capital stock. 100, 000 $1, 000, 00 100, 000 100, 000 30, 000 30, 000, 000 180, 000 180, 000 300 30, 000 1,600 150, 000 500 50, 000 10, 000 10,000 10,000 50, 000 500 50, 000 20, 000 200,000 500, 000 500, 000 150, 000 160, 000 5,000 500, 000 ' 5, 000, 000 5, 000, 000 25, 000 25,000 120, 000 120, 000 150, 000 150, 000 10,000 1, 000, 000 1,000 10, 000 10, 000 1, 000, 000 INDUSTRIAL CONCEKNS. Statement showing the nmomit of salt produced hy evaporation of the maters of Great Halt Lake duriiuf the years 1891 and 189S as reported hy persons maimfacturing it. Name and location. Adams & Kiesel Salt Co., Syracuyu . . . Deaeret Salt Co., Farmington Jeremy &, Co.. North Point* Groilliam Bros., Hooper t A. H. Nelson, Brigham City People's Forwarcfing Co.. Lake Shore. Inland Salt Co., Saltair Total Tom.. 20, 000 10, 000 13, 000 7,000 8,000 90, 000 148, 000 ■' Surceeded hy Jermey Salt Company. t Siieci»eded by the Solar Crystal Salt Company. ; Xo report; discontinued tor this year. PISOICJTTLTURE. Tons. 15, 000 10,000 6,000 12,000 (J) 7,000 76, 000 124, 000 During the past few years shad, bass, eels, and other flsh have been planted in the public waters of Utah. It does not now appear that the success it was anticipated would folloAv from growth aud multiplication of the millions of shad fry put into the Jordan River and Utah Lake will be realized, at least to its full fruition. In Ifovember, 1889, there were exposed for sale in the Salt Lake market over 100 young shad taken by a Lehi fisherman from Utah Lake. These would average 1^ pounds a piece and were fat. Subsequently a couple were caught and sent to the Territorial flsh commissioner, one a male, ripe with sperm, the other a female, ripe with eggs, which weighed 2 pounds apiece and were some 16 inches in leugth. These were photographed and after- wards placed in the Deseret Museum, where they could be seen by the 26 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. public. Since these last two were taken no further catch of shad has been reported, notwithstanding the fact that a liberal reward was offered for samples. The fishermen living in the towns skirting the lake have been consulted, but they all say they have neither seen nor have they heard of any shad having been seen or caught by others. Many of them express the belief, however, that they may be found in the south end of the lake, where the water is brackish and conse- quently more suited to their natural habitat. It is asserted that salt springs abound in that end of the lake, and that shad being a salt- water fish, they would naturally go there for food and a home. Others are of the opinion that the countless suckers, chubs, and mullets abound- ing in the lake, which were for years, until within a few months ago, pro- tected by law, have eaten the spawn and fry of the shad, so that in- crease was practically cut oft'. Still others assert that fishermen engaged in the iuterest of Colorado parties have been taking fish from the lake right along without let or hindrance by tlffe authorities and shipping them to the markets of Col- orado, which have offered and are offering greater financial inducements- to fishermen than our own markets offer. There is reason to believe that all these cases combined have decimated and isolated the shad and that, until they have suflflcienttime for increased multiplication, but few,, if any, will be heard of. The black bass planted in Utah Lake, ifovember 1890, it is believed are doing nicely. Numbers have been taken Avhich were in good con- dition and showed encouraging growth. Two samples taken eleven months after planting can also be seen in the museum. From the 500,000 shad fry planted in Weber Eiver and the 1,891,000 put into Bear Eiver and Lake in 1891 it is too early to expect any in- formation. Nothing has been heard from the large eels put into the Jordan Eiver in 1887, although numerous inquiries have been made concerning them. It is to be regretted that the last legislative assembly did not provide for the establishment of a Territorial hatchery through which our de- pleted waters woiild annually be replenished witli millions of young trimt and other choice fishes at a nominal expense. THE GREAT SALT LAKE. Prof. E. J. Talniage, of Salt Lake City, lias devoted much time and attention to the study of the waters of the Great Salt Lake. It has been the general opinion that no form of life existed in this briny sea. From Dr. Talmage I learn that forty years ago Dr. Yale showed the solid contents of the waters of the lake 'to be 22.282 per cent, and the density 1.17. In 1809 Mr. Allen reported the water as containing 14.9934 per cent solids. Prof Talmage analyzed the water in Decem- ber, 1885, and found 16.71(52 per cent i?,olid pi after, with a density of 1.1226. A later analysis, in August, 1889, gave the density as 1.1569, and the total solids in solution as 19.5570 per cent. It is fairly safe to assert that under the conditions now prevailing in the Creat Basin the waters of the lake average from 16 to 18 per cent solid contents. As would be expected, few species of living things have been found iij its waters; yet the assertion that no life exists therein is entirely unwar- ranted. Prof. Talmage vouches for the occurrence of each of the fol- lowing, most of which are abundant: (1) Larvne of a species of the tipu-. lidse, described as Ohironomis oceankms (Pack). (2) Larvae and pupee of Ephydra gracilis (Pack). The pupa-cases of this insect accumulate in KEPOKT of the governor of UTAH. ■ 27 great numbers upon the shores, where they undergo decomposition, with emanation of very disagreeable odors, recognizable at a distance of miles from the lake. (3) One species of corixa, probably 0. decolor (Uhler). (4) But by far the most abundant is Artemia pertilis (Verrill), commonly called the brine shrimp. The structure and habits of the Artemia would prove a most interesting subject of investigation. These tiny crustaceans exist in the lake in great numbers and often tint the waters in wide areas. After a long period of calm weather they congregate near the shores, but a rain drives them into deep water. Prof. Talmage has captured them in the lake at every season; they are most numerous, however, between May and November, duriag the whole of which period females with pouches filled with eggs may be taken. The females largely preponderate in numbers and they are very prolific. They adapt tlieniselves to very Avide variations in the composition of the water. They have been taken from the open lake when the water on analysis showed 19..").^, dissolved solids, of which amount 15.74 per cent was salt, and have been found alive and active in the evaporating ponds of the salt works, when the water was nearly saturated with salt. Some have been kept alive for periods varying from eight to eighteen hours in fresh water only. They feed upon the pupae of a small fly {Uyhydra gracilis) which abounds in the lake, and also upon salt-water algie which in places line the shores of the lake. The shrimps are found only near the surface of the water. In September, 1892, during a cruise upon the lake, Prof. Talmage found the tiny crustaceans very abundant. With a small tow net he soon gathered a quart. By washing with fresh water the excess of lake brine was removed, after which the shrimps were cooked and found to be very palatable and nutr/tious. Without doubt, if these shrimps could be profitably caught and preserved they would soon be considered a delicacy. They make up by numbers what they lack in size. Much has been said at different times as to the possibility of accommodating fish to the lake as a home. In the absence of experi- mental data it would be rash to conjecture as to the feasibility of such a plan; but this is certain, should fish be ever reared in the lake their food supply is ample. I'EKRITORIAL LEGISLATION. The biennial session of the legislative assembly was convened on January 11, 1892, and continued in sessi(ju the full limit of sixty days. It was in some respects a notable legislature. It was the first in the history of the Territory which contained members elected on national party lines. Of the 12 members of the council 8 were elected by the Democrats and 4 by tlie Liberals; of the house of representatives, 16 were elected by the Democrats And 8 by the Liberals. The Eepubli- cans nominated candidates in nearly all the districts, but did not suc- ceed in electing a member of either house. The Democrats were thus placed in absolute control of the work of legislation at the most important period in the history of the Territory. The past three years have been marked by a remarkable develop- meht of our business interests. Eeal estate has advanced rapidly in value, large deposits of mineral have been uncovered, the live-stock interests have increased in number and value, and everywhere can be seen the gratifying evidences of constantly increasing prosperity. In a political sense there has been a wonderful advance. The majority of the people dissolved the political ties which for more than forty years 28 REPORT OF TRK GOVERNOR OF UTAH. had united them against all other parties, local and national, and de- clared their purpose to work and vote and act hereafter on and within national party lines. This was the condition of business and politics in the Territory at the time the legislature met, and it was the general expectation that the majority party would in deserved recognition of the generous confidence of the people strive to give the Territory such legislation as would promote and foster the happiness and prosperity of the people. The leaders and press of the party confidently declared this expectation would be met. Just before the final adjournment, tlie following memorial to Con- gress, respecting the course of the governor and his exercise of the power of absolute veto, was adopted. It was opposed by every liberal member and did not receive the united democratic vote. To the Senate and Souse of Bepresentatiiws of the United Slates in Congress assembled: We, your memorialists, the legislative assembly of the Territory of Utah, most respectfully represent, that we have heretofore presented to you a memorial showing the coadition of government in this Territory, the helplessness of the people's rep- resentatives in the legislature to pass needed legislation, and praying that you enact into a law the bill for the local government of Utah introduced into the House of Representatives by Delegate Caine and in the Senate by .Senator Faulkner. Now, at the close of this the thirtieth session of the legislative assembly, we de- sire again to represent that our experience during the session has emphasized the necessity for such legislation, and has again made prominent the pernicious and ob- jectionable features of our present system of government. "We, the representatives of the people of Utah, have earnestly endeavored to enact into a law, first, an election law, necessary to the proper conduct of elections in this Territory, which the governor, as we believe, wrongfully disapproved. This we at- tach, together with the veto, to this memorial. We also represent that, in response to a.well-nigh universal sentiment in the city of Salt Lake, and at the request of a committee of the city council and of the chamber of commerce of such city, we have passed a carefully prepared and well-considered bill for the government of metro- politan cities in Utah, which was intended to and'will apply oaly to Salt Lake City at the present time. This bill the governor, as we believe, wrongfully has also re- fused to approve. The bill, with the veto, is also heretvith communicated. We desire further to represent that the people of the Territory of Utah, desirous of bein.; represented at the World's Colum')i'in Exposition, to be held in the city of Chicago in 1893, have passed an act appropriating $.50, 000 for making a suitable rep- resentation of the wealth and resources of the ferritory at that exposition. We have in that bill provided the names of representatives, hoaorable, permanent residents of the Territdry of Utah, who shall constitute a commission to expend this money; the names selected being representatives of all political, social, and commercial classes of the Territory. This bill the governor has vetoed. We attach it, wdth his veto, to this memorial. The real reasou for the veto is not at tiirst apparent upon the facfe of it. He claims that it is in violation of the organic actt of the Territory. The rea- son which he actually gives, and which does exist, is that he desires to name the board of commissioners who shall expend the money. During the session of the legislature the governor has vetoed bills, out of a total of passed. These bills ivere all carefully considered by the legislature, and passed to meet what were believeil to be evils and wants existing in the present system of our legislation. , It wonld too miK'h prolong this memorial and accompany- ing documents to attach all these bills and vetoes to it. We respectfully ask that the Congress of the United States approve and enact for us into a law the bill which hns been passed and which is attached, making an ap- propriation for the benefit of the World's Columbian Exposition. We do this for the reason that there will be no other session of the legislature that can make such ap- propriation; rind we have no iiower, even by a unanimous vote, to make such appro- priation over the absolute veto of the governor, and this Territory must suffer for want of representation at that exposition unless Congress will grant this relief. In this connection we desire to call attention to the fact that for many years past the Territory of Utah has had a defective lieu law. The present legislature passed a law to relieve mechanics, laborers, and material men, miners and contractors, from ihe evil effects of that law. The legislature during its present session passed a law which fully met all the evils that have been suffered in the past and which protected fully such persons from loss. This bill, too, met with the disapproval of his ex- cellency. EEPORT OF THE (iOVERNOli OF UTAH. 29 We also respectfully ask the Congress of the United States to approve the regis- tration and election law which has passed the legislature pursuant to the act of Congress, which, according to our belief, fully meets the spirit and intention of the law of Congress which created the Utah Commission, and which, if approved by your honorable body, will dispense with the services of said Commission, and thereby re- lieve Congress from a large annual expense in the conduct of local elections in the Territory. In our judgment this bill should be speedily approved, for tlie reason that the general election will occur on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November next. We again renew our request to Congress to relieve us from the present situation of affairs in this Territory, and to give to the people here the privilege of governing their own affairs in their own way and at their own expense by officers of their own selection. A brief resum6 of the most important measures passed will show how far the legislature responded to the reasonable hopes of the people and were in spirit and purpose " the representatives of the people of Utah," and how far bills " were carefully considered by the legislature and passed to meet what were believed to be evils and wants existing in the present system of our legislation," and to what extent the gov- ernor vetoed such bUls. POLYGAMY, ETC. Early in the session an act was passed providing for the punishment of polygamy and other kindred offenses. The provisions of the act were, with one or two exceptions of minor importance, the same as those of the national law. The benefit of the law will be felt when the Territory is admitted to the Union. It is usually provided in the act of admission that the Territorial statutes shall continue in force until repealed or amended by the leg- islature, and as the national law will cease to be in foree when Utah becomes a State, the benefit of such a law will be seen. The law was passed by practically a unanimous vote, and the Liberal party in its Territorial convention congratulated the people upon the passage of the law. LABOR DAY. In response to a general demand from the labor organizations an act was passed setting apart the first Monday of September in each year as a legal holiday. BOARD OF KQUALIZATION. A well-prepared and comprehensive act was passed providing for a Territorial board of equalization. The need of such a law has been felt in past years. Under its provisions corporate property reaching into more than one county is now assessed by the board, and not by different assessors of different counties; a practice which has resulted in much dissatisfaction and injustice. There has also been much complaint of the unequal assessment between the counties. This it is believed will be remedied by the new law. ELECTIONS. > A much-needed act was passed consolidating the elections of the Territory. Under the old law a general election for school trustees was held on the second Tuesday in July annually and for Territorial and county oflScers on the first Monday of August annually. An election for Delegate to Congress was also held in November biennially. Mu- nicipal elections were also held throughout the Territory in nearly every month of the year. The act when first presented to me contained pro- 30 REPOKT OF THE GOVEBNOB OF UTAH. visions extending the term of certain officers in some cases nearly a year. In the case of Salt Lake and other cities the election for munic- ipal officers was to be held mthin ten days after the passage of the act, and it was the generally expressed opinion that the attempt to delay the election in the cities was made to serve partisan ends only. I returned the act to the legislature with the following message. The <;hanges recommended were made and the act approved : I return herewith unapproved C. F. No. 2, entitled "Au act in relation to electionn and tenure of ofttce." If the act be amended by inserting in section one, after the word "county," the ■word "school, " and by striking out section three and by inserting in section foui\ after the word "Territory," the words "except cities of the metropolitan class," I will approve it. I suggest the amendment to section 1 for this reason : The act as submitted to me provides that the schools shall be held on the same day as the municipal elections. This will make no difference to voters in the school districts embraced within the corporate limits of cities and towns, but it would to the large number who live in school districts lying ontside. It seems to me it would be better for them to hold their school elections on the same day as the general election. I am unwilling to approve section 3 for these reasons: In the cities of Salt Lake, Prove, Kaysville, and Richmond all the arrangements have been made for hold- ing the biennial municipal elections; the voters have been registered; the elec- tion notices posted; the judges of election appointed, and the expense incident to such elections inaurred. Candidates have been nominated by the different political parties, and the election is but ten days distant. The approval of this section on the eve of election would be a denial of the right of the citizens to elect their officers. The reasims which have been given in support of such legislation seem to me to be purely partisan. I do not believe the public interests will be served by such action. On the contrary, in one of the cities named, if I accept as true the public and official declarations made by those who urge this legislation, the administration of public affairs has been unworthy of public confidence. It has been repeatedly claimed the people were only waiting for an opportunity to vote a change, and yet I am asked to approve a la-w continuing in office the admin- istration so bitterly denounced for the period of nearly eleven months. My strongest reason for refusal rests on tBe fact that, the time having arrived for holding the elections and the terms of the officers h.iving expired, the people have a right to say who shall succeed them. I suggest the amendment to section 4 for the reason that, the bill now pending before the le'gislature pro\ i Agricultural College. It is provided that the money shall he expended under the direction of three persons named. It is usual when some puhlii' work is undert.aken, and when there are no properly appointed and qualified officers to do the work, to name the agents of the State in the creative act. But in the case of the Agricultural College there A\as no such necessity or excuse. I have received from the chief clerk of the council an official notification of the confirmation, without one dissenting vote. from the majority party, of the persons who were nominated to be trustees of the Agricultural college irrespective of party or creed. They are men of experience, character, and capacity. It has been the uniform practice of the legislature to intrust the expenditure of the money appro- priated to the use of the public institutions to the supervision of the boards In con- trol of their affairs. For the first time in our history an exception is made, the iiime-honored custom is departed from, and an unmerited slight placed upon honor- able men. The moti\'es which have prompted this unjust action are wholly parti- .san. If this action was embodied in a measure by ftself I should treat it as it deserved, but it is included in the bill which makes appropriations for the use of the public institutions and for other public purposes. I am therefore constrained to waive my objections to the public interest, which interests must not be sacrificed on the altar of party or personal hate. The board of trustees appealed to the district court atOgden, Utah, and the court held the action of the legislature to be invalid, and on appeal the supreme court of the Territory unanimously affirmed the decision. world's COLOMBI.i-N BXPOSITIOX. The following is my veto of the act to provide for a proper exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition of 18'.)3 : I return C.F. Xo. 29, entitled "An act to provide for the collection,- arrangement, and display of the products of the Territory of Utah at the World's Columbian Ex- position of 1893, and to make an app ropriation therefor, and provide for an additional levy of Territorial taxes." The provisions of the act with regard to the appointment of Territorial commis- sioners seem to me to be in conflict with section 7 of the organic act. If it is amended in this respect I will approve it. In the consideration of the bill the right of the governor to appoint the commissioners was not questioned until the closing hours of the session. It was regarded by the press and public as not in controversy. The question as to who should appoint the commis- sioners was not in itself of jnuch importance, but after the long struggle to have the prerogatives of the governor recognized in Utah, and after the efforts to evade it, I deemed it my official duty to guard it m all ^ proper cases from direct or indirect encroachment. It seems to me to be reasonably clear that while the line between an office and an agency is not always clear, there were in this case all the essential character- istics of office, and no usual or essential characteristics of agency, One who acts under authority of public law and in the discharge of public duties, as a rule, is an officer. Even the principal managers of private corporations, with duties largely, if not wholly, of a private nature are called officers, because the law provides for their appointment. One who acts under the authority of a private person in the discharge of private duties is an agent, though the agent and officer may do acts of the 36 ilEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. same general nature either prescribed or discictionary within limits. The employe of an officer, unless in the case of a deputy authorized by law, would not be an officer, for neither the appointment nor authority would come directly from the law. These commissioners were to act for the whole Territory, and under the authority of a general law, which defined the scope of their powers, and their discretion ^\'as to be exercised withm the general limit. The money to be expended was public money; and if the expenditure was beneficial, the benefit would accrue to the whole Territory. If accountable at all, it was to the lawmaking power. The money was to be raised by a special tax levied upon the whole Territory, and the people can not be required to pay taxes except for a public purpose. In one case Chief Justice Marshall looked to the permanence of the duty as a circumstance to distinguish the officer from the agent. If this is an absolute test, these commissioners were not officers. If it is only one circumstance, then it is not controlling when all the circum- stances point to ofiicial duty. Later cases do not regard this as a decisive test, and it seems clear it can not be. There may be officers where the duties are not expected to be continuous, and if there is to be an officer so long as there is occasion for one, and the quality of the duties, so long as they exist, are ofiicial, there would seem to be no weight in the circumstance. Sudden exigencies, like war, may call for civil and military officers while the temporary demand exists, and a court, or judge, or referee lawfully appointed to hear a single case may act officially. The commission to determine the Presidential election some years since performed an official duty, and they acted under the authority of law in a public matter, but their duties did not survive the single case. > If the test of public authority and public diity is applied, there is always a clear line of distinction. If this is abandoned, no test line can be drawn. For these and other reasons it seemed to me it was my official duty to return thfe bill unapproved. The legislative council twice voted that the governor had the right to appoint, and it was not until the matter took a partisan turn that this right was seriously disputed. Proposi- tions were made to me by prominent Democrats to the effect that if I would agree to appoint a majority of Democrats on the commission there would be no further opposition to my right to appoint. The decision of the supreme court of the Territory in the Agricultural College case, elsewhere referred to, fully sustains the position taken by me. PROTECTIOX OF DISCHARGED EMPLOYES. The "act for the protection of discharged employi^s " was returned with the following veto. The character of the act is clearly shown by the message : I return without my approval H. F. 43, entitled "An act for the protection of dis- charged employiSs." This act is intended to prevent what is known as blacklisting, and if it only prohibited willful attempts to prevent a discharged employe from ob- tainiug employment, or false statements of the causes for discharge, or posting lists of discharged employes to prevent their employment, it might serve some useful pur- pose. As it stands it is impracticable aud unjust. The act applies only to corpora- tions, though corporations are cot the only employers. Section 1 prohibits any corporation or its agent from giving any reason for dis- charging employees unless lu writing, and to one proposing to employ him, and re- quires a copy to be furnished to the employ*) within ten days after.demand to the address named. If the reason for discharge is not in writing, or to a proposed em- ployer, it would be deemed an attempt to prevent employment, however truthful it REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. ' 37 might be, aud if a copy is not girou in writing, no reason, not even tlie truth, can be given. This would require a record of the discharge of all employ(5s, and a retained copy of the reasons for the discharge from which another copy could be made, or else the cor|)oration and its ai;euts luust say nothing. Section 2 ixirmits the discharged employe to apply for the reasons of his discharge, -and unless the same are given within ten days, no reasons can after be given to any person. Section 3 ruqu.ires any person who has received any reason for the discharge, by word or sign, to give a copy, and section 4 ends the series by requiring an employer who has discharged any employe in one branch or di\ision of its service to permit him to be employed in another division without protest. Under such an act corporations'and their agents would be prohibited from exer- -cising the liberty and freedom of speech guaranteed to all, and those truthful and confidential communications between friends aud acquaintances which are necessary in all the relations of society are restrained and made unlawful. To justify the truth it must be in writing and retained copies kept, and though the employer may prefer to say nothing, it must give a reason in writing on demand or forever keep silence. If the employer dismisses an employ^ from one division of its service, even for known dishonesty, br for carelessness or incompetency, involving the lives of others, it must not prevent his reemployment in another branch of its business. There are laws against slander and libel, and the law should permit an employer to engage and discharge men whenever his interests demand it. Honest, capable ■employiSs do not need protection to the extent contemplated by the act, even if a law which makes the truth culpable or which requires it to be in writing cfuild be en- forced. I see many reasons for not approving the act and none for approving it as it stands. THE HOME-RULE BILL. The legislature adopted a memorial to Congress urging the passage of the bill introduced in the Senate and House of Eepresentatives, en- titled " A bill for the local government of Utah Territory, and to pro- vide for the election of certain officers in said Territory." The memorial was submitted to me and I returned it without approval. The following is the memorial: To the honorable Senate and Hoiixe of Representatives of the United States in Congress as- sembled: We, your petitioners, the legislative assembly of the Territory of Utah, respect- fully represent : Utah contains an aggregate wealth of more than $200,000,000. The proceeds of her farms, live stock, mines, and uianufaotures for the year 1890 amounted to $23,000,000. She has near a quarter of a million of civilized people, who, in point of intelli- gence, industry, and all the essential qualities of good citizenship, are up to the standard of any American community. Polygamy, ouce practiced by a small portion ■of her people, has yielded to the supremacy of the law, a sense of the evils flowing from it, aud of the utter futility of further attempting to maintain an institution obnoxious to general public sentiment. In the midst of wonderful mtiterial progress her people have recently turned their attention to the study of questions of government and legitimate politics, and are espousing the cause of one or the other of the national parties. These new conditions have come naturally, honestly, and for the future are abso- lutely secure. A patriotic people are pledged to their preservation. Retrogression, .involving, as it would, dishonor and dire misfortune, is impossible. Utah, in the feelings of her people, has been lifted from her humiliation and dis- grace. To-day she is imbued with the hope and determination to be free— free in the full sense of American constitutional freedom; which means something more than liberty permitted; which consists in civil and political rights absolui;ely guaranteed, -assured, and guarded in one's liberties as a man and a citizen — his right to vote, his :right to hold office, his equality Avith all others who are his fellow citizens— all these guarded and protected, and not held at the mercy and discretion of one mau or popu- lar majority m- distant body, unadvised as to local needs or interests. Be it known how little of such frecilom Utah .and her people possess. The n-overuor, the secrctarv, the members of the judiciary (except justices of the peace)''the marshal, the public prosecutor and his assi-itants, the board of commis- tsiouers who appoint all registration and election officers and control the electors, are 3,8 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. selected by a distant appointing power, and are ntterly unaccountaWe to the people- for the manner in which they perform the duties oC tlieir offices. The governor nominates the auditor of public accounts, the treasurer, the govern^ ing board of all publicinstitutions, such as the university, agricultural college, re- form school and insane asylum. Tiius the people have no voice in the selection ot persons to manage their public funds and institutions created and maintained at tlieir expense. The Territorial school commissioner is selected by the supreme court and owes no responsibility to the people. Clerks selected by'the district judge and the probate judges, appointed by the President by and with the advice of the Senate, sidcct the regular panel tor jurors. The regular panel is supplemented by the persons summoned at the discretion ot the United States marshal. The determination of rights of life, liberty, and property rests with tribunals, no part of which owe any accountaljility to those most vitally concerned in the faithful performance of their duties. The marshal and his deputies are clothed with the most far-reaching authority, under which they may usurp the functions of all the local constabulary and police of the Territory. Even the j ustices of the peai'e are shorn of their limited jurisdiction by commissioners appointed by the supreme court and whose jurisdiction is made coextensive with that of such jus- tices. The will of the representatives of the peoi^le in theenactment of needed legislation is liable to be defeated at the caprice of a gubernatorial autocrat clothed with thepower of absolute veto. While county prosecuting atlornies elected by the people are permitted to initiate prosecutions in the inferior com-ts, no such prosecution can be carried forward to sue cess except according to the pleasure of the district attorney imposed upon people from abroad. The most vicious interference with the vestige remaining of our local liberties is the maintenance and action of the Utah Commission, who, in their appointment of registration officers, have often selected corrupt and irresponsible persons. Those- have filled the registration lists with fictitious names and resorted to other devices by which repeating and other frauds might be successfully perpetrated at electious. There is no provliiee or dependency, it is believed, of any civilized nation wherein the people are not accorded more of liberty and the rights of man than are possessed by American citizens in Utah. The situation is intolerable to freemen. The people, through us, their chosen but helpless representatives, demand relief. The officeholders, their patrons, those who- fatten upon the degradation and misfortune of our peox^le, all the hordes of the bene- ficiaries of the present system, will resist the appeal. Your memorialists, liowi'vor, confidently relying upon the justice of the represen- tatives of tlie American jieople, ask the Congress of the United States to enact into-' a law, as a measure which will afford immediate relief, the bill introduced into the- Senate by Senator Faulkner and in the House of Represeutatixes by Delegate Caine, "For the local government of Utah Territory, and to provide for the election of cer- tain officers in said Territory." Your memorialists further ask, that, as all essential conditions exist entitling Utah to admission into the Union as a State, and that as soon as your honorable, body is satisiied of this fact, a law may at once be enacted xieimitting her to take the posi- tion for which she is so eminently fitted. And your meiiiorialists will ever jiray, etc. The following is the veto message: I return C. .J. M. No. 2 without my approval. I infer from the tone of some por- tions of it that my approval was not expected. I concur in many facts set out in the memorial; in the statements as to the prii^penty, productions, population, wealth, and prospective wealth of the Territory ; tliat new conditions have honestly come; that the future is secure and retrogression is impossible. As early as October, 1890, in a supplemental report, unpublislied. I substantially recognized the sincerity of the people and the honesty of the new conditions then ai)proaching, a'nd I have never retracted the opinion. Perhaps some who approve this memorial were more tardy in their recognition, or at least later in expressing it. Yet I can not think the memorial is happily conceived or that it will serve any useful purpose or be of any benefit to the jieople of the Territory of Utah, to whom, in some respects, it does scanty justice,. It states som ■ thiug.s and implie-f others which are a full justi- fication of thecouise of tlia gDvernmeut in the past, aud si)me ficts which seem at variance with the impatient a.ssertions made, and put the people in the false position of deuomieing all the past, instead of looking solely to the present and future. Any lengthy statement of my reasons for withholding approv.-il is not necessary, because the time is approaching, perhaps is near, when discussions of past differ- ences will be useless and all can unite in lookjng to the future. REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 39 The memorial shows the great prosperity of Utah, hut it fails to show how this was rcaeliiHl umU-r the diry opproN'siou of Federal control so vi\idly set forth. The prosperity is a fact, and that fact may induce a belief abroad that there m.ay be some' imagination in the conception of the oppression. The memorial states that "Utah, in tbi' feelings of her people, has been lifted from her humiliation and disgrace." In justice to the people of Utah it should he stated that their own jrood sense lifted them from what is harshly called "humiliation and disgrace;" yet vra cannot forget that what the memorial calls the "distant appointing power" maile laws and ap- pointed officers to exercise an influence which called the attention olthe people to the fact that they needed lifting, and that it was under those laws and otHcers that the people reached the prosperity and the new conditions set forth, and the memorial is vmjust to the people in assuming they desire to absolutely <'ondemu all the meas- ures and agencies of the past. The memorial says concerning Utah : "In the midst of a wonderful material prog- ress her people haye recently turned their attention to the study of questions of government and legitimate politics, ami in espousing tli' stand ready to cheerfully welcome the jieople of Utah to the equal and honorable alliance which statehood implies, without looking backward with a fear lest some slip may occur in the lifting process which the memorial mentions. Personally I have no such fear, yet I can not join in unjust condemnation of those who have. It will, in the end, he more just and grateful to the peo]de of Utah to be called and welcomed to the asso- ciaticm of States than to be received on probation and with a partial confidence, grudgingly given. I believe that in due time this will come, and in the meantime I consider'the Faulkner bill objectionable in every way. It is not known the peojde want it and no provision is made Ihr sabraitting it to their vote. It is believed by many ol' them to be the work of scheming men, whose motives are suspected. It puts on the people the expense of statehood without representation, withholds I'rom the people the confidence of a nation, and brands them with the suspicion of disloy- alty. It crystallizes into legislation the hesitation of the people of the nation to re- pose confidence in the new conditions, and this legislation can not be changed as speedily as the opinions of the people of the nation will change when they are con- vinced of the sincerity of the people of Utah in the new departure. I have no objection to statehood when the question is presented in the usual way, and in the meantime I do not urge statehood until such time as the nation can give full confidence to the people of Utah. If that is to-mcn-row, let it be so. But if the nation asks delay until it can attain the necessary feeling of coufidenee in Utah, I am content to wait, and in the meantime to rely on the justice and beneficent inten- tions of the people and Government of the United States toward Utah and her people. GOVEltX:MEXT OF METROPOLITAN CITIES. The legislature in its memorial has referred to my veto of the " act providing for the government of cities.'' There are se^'el■al matters 40 REPORT OF THE GuVEENOR OF UTAH. that should be c.nisidered in connectiou with the action of the governor and the legislature. Salt Lake City has a very exceUent form ot gov- ernmeut. There is no complaint made by the citizens concerning it. It has, and exercises complete authority over the liquor traflic, and possesses the power to control, regulate, and suppress the dinerent forms of vice common to cities. At the legislative session ol 1890 a very carefully prepared act was passed, creating a board ot public works and providing for a comprelieusive system of public improve- ments. It was found that this act was in some respects defective, but these were remedied in 1892. The city has authority to estabhsh pohce, water, and fire departments, and has done so. It has the power to borrow money for public purposes and has done so. It has an excel- lent system of public stihools. In short, it has been vested with the usual powers enjoyed by municipal corporations. ,. ■ . This was the municipal condition when the act, consisting of ninety printed pages and providing a radical change in the form of govern- meut of Salt Lake, was submitted to me. I do not hesitate to say that the act was framed on too expensive a basis for a city of 50,000 people. The great cities of the country have not been given more cumbersome and complicated acts than it was proposed to give to Salt Lake City. The act coiitaiaed many special provisions which were very objec- tionable. It destroyed the comity which the public interest requires should exist between the different departments of a city government, vesting in some unusual pawers at the expense of others. It pro- vided for the appointment of certain municipal officers by the city council and then by subsequent provisions made the creature greater than the creator. The mayor, though the chief executive officer of the city, was practically deprived of the prerogatives of his office and would have been mayor in name only. The act bore evidence of having been taken bodily from the charter of some other (uty wliich had suffered by the dishonesty of the mayor and council and the charter of which had been so amended as to give to other officers the usual powers exercised by a mayor and council. Many leading citizens opposed the approval of the act and viewed it with alarm. For these reasons I returned the act unapproved with the following message: I return for amendment C. F. No. 2.5, entitled "An act providing for tlie govern- ment of metropolitan cities." The act is a very long one, comprising more than 90 printed pages. It reached me at so late a day in the session as to practically prevent that careful considera- t.on which so important a measure should have. The majority of the amendments are in the line of economy. I have recommended that the provisions of the act creating a tire and police board be stricken out. I do not think the city of Salt Lake has reached such a development as to jnstify such a board, witli a president at a salary not exceeding $2,500 per annum, and two assistants with salaries not exceeding $1,200 per annum, aud a secretary, and all the paraphernalia of a department. I think the mayor aud city council cau perform thc'ie duties with benertt to the city. The provisions of the act which require that all the expenditures of the board of public works shall be "under the absolute, 'exclusive, and complete control of the board" seem to me to be unwise, and I have therefore recommended that all ex- penditures be subject to the supervision of the mayor and city council. I recommended the following changes : Ariicle II. Section 16: Strikeout subdivision 3. Provide in subdivision 7 that districting for repri'siMitation in city council should l>e at stated periods. In suhdivision 17, liue 81, after the word " thereof," insert the words " and to keep their tracks level with REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 41 "the .surface of the street." lu line i<2, after the word " tracks," insert " andbetween their rails." In line 86 strike out "liysuch railway companies " a.nd insert at the end of the line " by the city at the cost of such railway companies." In subdivision 40, in line 303, after the word " then," strike out " $600 per. annum, nor at a higher rate than." In line 307 strike out " till after the olosiu;;- of the polls.'' In line 315, after " hotel" insert " containing' at least 20 rooms." Add to subdivision 40 "and to provide that no license shall be granted for the sale of li([Uor of any kind in any concert hall, theater, variety theater, or like place of amusement, or building ad- joiuing the same, and to prohibit the serving or giving of liquor in such places of amusement." Section 17 : Amend section to pro-vide that the franchise may be granted for fifty years, but that at the end of twenty years the council may cbauge the conditionsor terms of the franchise granted, and e\ery ten years thereafter. Article III. Section 1 : Strike out the last two words of line 2 and the first word in line 3. Section 2 : Strike out of line 3 the words " from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m." This will leave the time to be fixed by the city council. Section 3 : In line 7, after the word " criminal," insert the word " incompetent." Section 5; In line 8 strike out the word "but" and insert " and." Section 12: In linel strike out the words "three thousand" and insert the words ■"twenty-five hundred dollars." Section 17: In line 7 strike out "two" and insert "three." In line 16 strike out "quarterly" and insert "monthly." At the end of section provide that the city treasurer or his bondsmeu shall not be held liable for any loss arising from the de- posit of the city money in any bank selected under this section. Section 22: In line 31 strike out " quarterly" and insert " monthly." In lines 33 and 34 strike out the words "first Monday of January and July" and insert the words "June 30 and December 31." This will harmonize with the city fiscal year, and as the term of the oftice expires on January 1, it will be better to have him make his report before he retires from oflice. Article ir. Section 26: In lines 2 and 3 strikeout the words "second Monday in January, April, July, a/nd October " and insert " March 31, June 30, September 30, and De- cember 31." This will also harmonize with the fiscal year. In line 9 strike. out ^'January and July" and insert " June 30 and December 31." Section 32 : In line 5 strike out " assistance " and insert " assistants." This is evi- dently an error. Article V. Section 1: Strike out all after word "held," in line 3, down to and including the word " and," in line 6. Strike out all of lines 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22. , ^, ^. ^ Section 3. In line 7 insert, after "ward," the following, " and the respective terms of the mayor, city treasurer, city recorder, aud justices then in ofifloe shall terminate on the first day of January, 1894, or as soon as their successors shall qualify.", Article VII. Sections: In line 14 strike out "month" and insert "week." Section 7 : In line 8 strike out " the fire and police board." Sections: In line 10 strike out "or without." In line 38 strike out "board of public works" and insert "of the city council." Section 11 : Strike out lines 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34 aud insert the city council shall provide by ordinance for the appointment of and the duties of all inspectors and employiSs needed by the city in the construction, repair, and maintenance of all public improvements and public works in the department of the board of public works. Section 9: Inline 13 strike out "or without.' Section 13. Strike out lines 24, 25, and the first six words ot 2b. istrike out lines 38, 39, and 40. , ,. , -, „ . ■ ^ ,, -, Section 14- In line 1 strike out "fire and police board" aud insert "mayor and city council." In lines 6 and 7 strike out " fire and police board." In line 12 strike out "fire and police board" and insert "mayor." . .. ^ , , c.^ ■-, Section 15 : In line 2 strike out "and members of the fare and police board.'' Strike 42 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. out all of line 8 and insert in lieu thereof the word "ordinance." In line 15 strike out " fire and police board " and insert " ujayor." Section 16: Strike out all of section 16 and insert in lieu thereof "The maypr ana city council may provide. by ordinance for the investigation of the causes of tire. Section 17: In line 2 strike out "iire and police board" and insert "mayor. In line 8 strike out " board" and insert " departments." In line 13 strike out the first eight words. Strike out from lines 17 to 44 inclusive. Section 18 : Strike out all of section. Section 19: In line 2 strike out "fire and police board" and insert "chiet o± police." MiscelJaneous prnvhiima. In line 4 strike out " proflf" and insert " proof." This is an error. I also suggest that a section be added to the act providing that at the end of the fiscal year any balance remaining to the credit of the different departments may, in the discretion of the mayor and city council, be covered into the treasury. MECHANICS' LIEN. The importance of the l&w " to secure liens to mechanics and others" led me to carefully consider its provisions, and to seek as much infor- mation in regard to the subject it covers as the limited time at my dis- posal at the time the bill was before me would permit. The present law subjects the owners of property to liens for improve- ments to the amount and extent to which the owner is indebted to a contractor at the time of notice of the demand and lien claimed by a subcontractor or material man. This I found to be in accordance with the general scope of the best-considered and most usual legislation on the subject. In this connection I refer to Phillips on Mechanics' Liens, section 61, in which it is said "the system most generally adopted for the security of-subcontractors and material men is that which confines the right of recovery to the amount due to the contractor by the owner at the time of notice to the latter." This seems just to all parties, and is in accordance with the idea that one man should not be obliged to protect to his own detriment contracts between others, of which he has no knowledge, beyond the amount in his hands at the time he has notice of the contract and debt. As an original proposition it would be difficult to show why an owner should protect material men or me- chanics in their contracts with third parties to any greater extent than all creditors are protected by law, or why such a class of creditors should be favored more than others, or why they should not exercise the same care in giving credit and require the same security for pay- ment that other creditors must exercise and require. However this may be, it has for a long time been supposed that a reasonable extra security to these classes tends to encourage the improvement of real estate ahd in the end to the general beneiit of the public, and this idea has been acted uj)on so long that it may be safely acted uiion to the extent named. The provisions of the act Avent far beyond the limits of any just rule and were glaringly unjust to the owners of real property. It would have been an obstruction to improvements, and while it would have benefited a few men and wealthy contractors, it would have injiired mechanics and all that class ot contractors who have little capital or credit and who rely on their industry and skill to get contracts. In short, the act amounted to class legislation for the benefit of a few who least need protection. It provided that all material men, mechanics, laborers, and contractors down to the third degree from the owner should have a lien on the iiroperty of the owner to the full amauut of thecontractpriceto.be paid for any improvement by the owner, not- REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. AS- witlistanding he did not contract the debt, might be ignorant of the claim, had no notice of it, and iu accordance with his contract with his- ^ immediate contractor may have paid the fnll contract price. An illus- tration will better show what would have been the effect of such a law.. A, as owner, contracts with B for the erection of a building and agrees to pay as the work progresses and does so until it is completed, then pays in full, having no notice, either personal or constructive, that any other persons have claims againstE, the contractor. Within sixty days , after the completion of the work, D, and the whole alphabet may ' file notice of a lien and give a notice that they furnished material for B,or did work on or for the improvement and have not been paid by B, and such claims would, under the act, become a lien against A for work done and material furnished from the date of the commencement of the building, and the property of A would be again liable to the extent of the full contract price. Bat that would not be the end; it may ap- pear that B had sublet pjirt of the work to 0, and all the remainder of the alphabet may couie in and show with like effect that they furnished material or did work for 0,andtheyare given the same lien against Aas , owner, and any payment made in good faith and without notice of these claims and in. accordance with his contract would not avail the owner. A mortgagee frequently takes a mortgage for niouey, part advanced. upon the lot, and i^art to be advanced as the building progresses, but under the proposed law any money advanced after the building was. commenced, without any record or other notice of any other lien, is overreached by unknown claimants standing even in the third degree from the owner, and of which neither he nor his immediate contractor may have any knowledge, and though the money was advanced and' paid to carry on the improvements. The effect of such a law would be obvious ; an owner could not raise any money on the security of the building until more than sixty days after it was completed, though both, he and the iirst contractor could satisfy the lender they are not in default and had paid all their obligations. An owner could not make a contract for the erection of a building and agree to pay anything prior to 60 days after the building is com- pleted, and, of course, the contractor would have to add a price to com- pensate for the delay. An owner might make a contract with a man who is able to give a bond to secure him against all these liens and contingencies, but only wealthy contractors could do this or those whO' would be able to wait until sixty days after the completion of the build- ing for payment, and this would practically exclude contractors who- are not men of wealth, increase the cost of the building, and make mechanics and laborers rely on a few wealthy (;outractorfe for employ- ment. The act would have perhaps benefited a few material men by confin- ing their sales to wealthy contractors, but there is no good reason for extra protection to them at the expense of the owner. The act would not only have tied up the owner until sixty days after the completion of the building, but if a lien is then filed the claimant had a year to commence suit, and if there were several claims or any dispute about claims or their priority, an indefinite time after the year must elapse before judgment, and the act did not, in the meantime, make the pendency of the suit a defense to the owner against the claim, of his immediate contractor. He may set off the judgment obtained by any subcontractor, and this judgment may be obtained two or three,, years after the completion of the building and after the claim in favor- 44 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. -of the contractor had been collected, and during all this time the prop- " •erty would have remained encumbered. This was the character of the act submitt(id to me for approval, and which is specifically referred to in the memorial. I give herewith my veto message : I return for amendment 0. F. No. 6, entitled, " An Act to secure liens to mechanics 4ind others, and to repeal all other acts and laws in relation thereto. „ , . I su"-g63t the following amendments : After word " price " in ninth line ot section 14, insOTt the words '■' not paid bv the owner before filing such statement. After the word " contractor, " in line 15 of the same section, insert '' not paid at the time the statement for the lien is filed." Strike out all after the word " contractor, in iine 19 of the same section, also all of lines 20, 21, 22, and the first three words of line 23, nnd insert in place thereof the words "subsequent to the filing ot such statement."' -u ^ ^ • At the end of the same section add the following: "Incase a subcontractor m -either degree, or a material man, shall give written notice to the owner that he has done or contracted- to do any work, or furnished or contracted to furnish any material on or for said improTement, stating the kind and value of the work and material as near as may be, a lien therefor afterwards established as herein pro- vided shall attach to th'e property to the amount unpaid by the owner at the time ■said notice is given, and payments thereafter by the owner shall not defeat the lien. Any sum paid to a contractor at any time before the commencement of the work .shall not avail against any lien secured by this act. If any owner shall pay to his contractor more than seventy-five (75) per cent of the value of the work done and material furnished during the progress of the work and before its completion accord- ing to the contract for the whole, any lien established as herein provided against the owner shall be good against the property for any excess of the payments so made at the time said notice Is given to him, if a notice be given, otherwise from the time said statement for a lien is filed as herein provided. " In case such notice is given, or said statement is filed, the owner may withhold irom his contractor the amount specified in the notice, or in the statement for the. lien, and 10 per cent in addition thereto, until the contractor furnishes the owner evidence of satisfaction or discharge of all such claim or claims, and until such evidence is furnished to the owner DO suit shall be • brought or maintained against the owner by the contractor, or an assignee of the contractor notwithstanding the money may be due to the contractor by the terms of the contract." If the above amendments are not accepted, then I recommend that section 12 of chapter 30 of the laws of 1890, concerning liens for mechanics and others, be -amended by providing that the notice required by said section may at the option of the claimant, be given to the owner in writing instead of filing the same in the .office of the recorder, and with like effect as if so filed, and that the amendment be made to take effect from and after its approval. RAILWAY CHARTERS ITST CITIES. An act was passed authorizing city councils to grant franchises to railroads or tramways over the streets, alleys, and public places of the «ity for a period of fifty years. In Salt Lake and Ogden cities valuable franchises have been granted to street railways and corporations with- out any remuneration to the city, unless it be the repair of the streets between the tracks and for 2 feet outside of the rails. In other cities these franchises, when the growth of the city authorizes it, become a source of revenue, and aid the people in meeting their public burdens. It seemed to me that if a franchise was to be granted for half a cen- tury the right should be reserved to the city to attach new conditions at the end of twenty years, and the end of each ten years thereafter. I so recommended in the message herewith given: I return herewith, unapproved, C. F. No. 19, entitled "An act amending section 1755 of the compiled laws, 1888, relnting to the power of the city council." Under the present law city councils are authorized to grant permission to railroads ■or tramways to lay tracks in any street, alley, or public place, for twenty years, but no longer. The proposed law provides that such permission may be granted for fifty .years. I am told that one of the benefits sought to be obtained by this aft is to better en- REPORT OF THE C40VERN0R , OF yTAH. 45' able street car companies to negotiate long term bonds. This is a private advaiitiige ■which should not be opposed, if it can be effected without detriment to the public interests. Our cities have a public interest in this which should not be overlooked. It may be just to give a franchise for a short term on quite easy terms, but from the growth of cities, and the changes in the circumstances of both parties, the terms- suitable for a franchise now may be wholly unsuitable at the end of twenty years. What those changed conditions may be, can not be foretold fifty years in advance, and it seems to me it would be better to leave the city the right to determine the question at the end of twenty years, rather than to fix conditions for it iifty years in advance of the expiration of the franchise. I do not think the act should be ap- proved in its present form. It occurs to me that the benefit sought by the companies, and the interests of the public, could be subserved by permitting a franchise for fifty years, with the right reserved to cities to annex new and further conditions at the end of twenty years, and at the end of each ten years thereafter until the expi- ration of the franchise. LOGAN CITY REGISTRATION. This was an act passed to meet a special case arising iu Logan City. It was inspired by the local Democratic committee. It seems that an election was to be held for municipal officers, and tbe contest was a close one between the two political parties. Some 25 or 35 voters were naturalized on the last day allowed by law for the registration of voters.. The train carrying them from Ogden, where the district court was held, to Logan, did not arrive until 6:30 p.m. The registration ofldcer closed his office at 6 p. m., and the newly made citizens were thiis denied the opportunity to register. It happened a considerable majority of them were Democratic. They appealed through the Democratic committee to the legislature, and the legislature, being Democratic, " as the repre- sentatives of the people" promptly passed an act which very clearly came withiu the restriction imposed by Congress upon special legisla- tion. I give herewith my veto message: ' This act, C. F. No. 47, reached me on the 10th day of February. By its terms it expires on the 9th day of March, and if it had been immediately approved, it could have been in force only twenty-eight -days. This shows that the present law, in the opinion of the legislature, needs no amendment, except to meet the exigency of the case stated. The purpose of the law is to permit cities of the second class that hold elections on March 7, 1892, and have omitted to revise their registration by wards, to revise their lisT'prior to the day of election. If all must take notice of the laws of Utah, it is known there is ,only one city which has an election on that day or to which the law can apply, and the force of the law ceases so soon, that there is no reason to think it possible it can ever apply to another city or to any class of cities. If the only ob,iection to this act was that it is special and prohibited legislation, it would be difficult to meet the objection. ASSESSMENTS AND TAXES IX INCORPORATED CITIES. In response to a very pronounced demand from the citizens, the leg- islature passed an act with the intention of simplifying the assessment and collection of taxes in the cities. Under the system in force at the. time the act was passed there was a county and city assessor. The assessment made by the county officer was the basis of the Territorial and county levy, and the assessment by the city assessor the basis of - the city levy. These officers disagreed very materially in their estimate of the values of property, the difference sometimes exceeding 200 per The act when presented to me was in such shape that a veto could not be avoided. By its terms the act failed to include all the cities and towns which it was the intention to cover. By a proviso in section 5 the provisions relating to the collection of taxes was limited to one city. This was a manifest error. 46 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. ' Sections G and 7 provided that a city board could revise a Territorial assessment; a duty whicli is imposed by tlie revenue law on tke county board of equalizatioi i . Section 12 contained an error,' by which two necessary Offices were abolished instead of the one intended to be. The veto message explains the matter fully : I return fov amendment C. F. No. 39, entitled, "An act providing for the assess- ment and collection of taxes in incorporated cities." I believe it to be the desire of the legislature to place the duty on the county assessor of assessing the taxable property within the county, and thus relieve tl»e people of the burden of supporting unnecessary or superfluous oSaoes. The act I return is limited by its terms to incorporated cities only, though there Ave towns in the Territory incorporated under special and general laws. , The first sections of the act apply to all incorporated cities, but a proviso inserted in section 5 limits them so far as they relate to the collection of taxes to first-class oities, and there is only one in the Territory. Sections 6 and 7 relate to the boards of equalization, and, I think, provide that city boards may revise the assessments made by the county assessor for Territorial purposes. Section 12 abolishes the offices of city treasurer and collector. 'This is probably an error. I believe it was the intention to abolish the ofiSce of ■city assessor and collector. i remit with this copies of bills for the consideration of the legislature relating to the subjects covered by the act I return. SCHOOL LAW. A very complete and comprehensive school act was passed by the legislature. It did not reach me until near the close of the session. I returned it, recommending certain verbal amendments and some neces- sary changes. These were nearly all accepted and the act approved. The veto message was as follows : I return herewith for amendment C. F. No. 16, entitled " An act to provide for Tiniform system of free schools throughout Utah Territory." I respectfully suggest the following amendments : Section 5 : In line 9 strike out the word " all." Section 6: In line 4 strike out "etc." and insert "and such other matters." In line 19 strike out "normal." Section?: In line 5 strike out "order'' and insert " warrant." Section 23 : At the end of the section make provision : That certificates for one year may be issued by the board of examiners to teachers of special branches. Section 28 : In line 6 change "may" to "many." In line 9 strike out "and" and in- sert "or." Section 32: In line 6 strike out " ten" and insert "twenty." Section 46: In line 21 strike out "ten" and insert "twenty." Section 49 : In line 4, after " enumeration," insert "subscribed and sworn to by said clerk." Section 51 : In line 7 strike out "first Monday in July " and insert " on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, 1890, and on the same day in 1893, and bieunially thereafter." This amendment will make the act conform to the law chang- ing the time of holding the election to Npvember. Section 52: Inline 5 insert, after the word "serve," the words " during the balance of the unexpired time," and strike out "until the next general election." Section 53 : In line 6 strike out "annual." . Section 80: In line 4, after the word "needed," insert "for the schools under his jurisdiction." Section 84 : In line 6 strike out " ten " and insert " twenty." Section 93: In line 6, insert after the word " trustees," the words "authorizing such meeting to be called and held." Section 98: In line 4 strike out " is." I remit herewith a substitute for article 15 and recommend its adoption. The number of sections 130 and 138 will, I think, have to be changed to conform to the substitute article I remit. THE KLKCTION AND REGISTRATION ACT. ' The failure of the governor to approve " an act authorizing the reg- istration of, and defining the qualilications of electors and regulating REPORT OF TJflE G<)VER^•OR OF UTAH. 47 the exercise of the elective franchise," is also specifically referred to iu the memorial to Congress. The memorial recites that the legislature has " earnestly endeavored to enact mto a law" an election Islw. The truth is the legislature did not earnestly endeavor to " enact into a law" au election law. The act did not reach me until the evening of the fifty-eighth dsiy of the session. It passed the council on the fifty-seventh day, and the house on the fifty- eighth day. At the time it was presented to me there were over sev- enty acts on my table awaiting examination, containing over 350 pages of manuscript. The records of the session will show that all these acts were acted upon with the exception of three. The act contained provisions radically different fi'om the existing election law. It not only prescribed the qualifications of electors and regulated the elec- tive franchise, but also regulated the manner of holding and conduct- ing primary meetings for nomination of candidates. The act seems to have been framed on the principle of the Austrahan law. It prescribed a cumbersome and expensive system, which would add many thousands of dollars to the present cost of conducting elections. The act was defective in many respects. It provided for annual elections, but only biennial registrations. It provided in section 2 of chapter 2 that " there shall be a registration of voters during the week beginning with and •immediately following the first Monday in June, 1 892, and biennially thereafter," and in section 3 of chapter 2 it was provided that " itsball . be the duty of the registration officer to visit, in person or by deputy, every house in his precinct." This is the only authority given in the act for the appointment of a deputy. In some of the precincts of the Territory there are over 2,000 voters ; in one-there are over 4,400 voters. It would be an impossibility for the registration officer or his deputy to register so large a number of voters iu six days. Section 7 of chapter 2 provides that any person who shall make a false statement to an election or registration officer shall be guilty of per- jury, or who shall make false returns or refuse to do his duty under the law shall be guilty of felony, and shall be punished by fine and by imprisonment in the penitentiary for more than one year. This section authorized imprisonment for life for the making of a false statement or for the neglect of a duty; a degree of punishment unknown to the laws of any civilized nation. This was undoubtedly an error, but the error first appeared in the printed bill, was read in both houses, was consid- ered by the judiciary committee of both houses, was enrolled, and yet •was not discovered. This fact will throw much light on the manner in which acts were passed, and emphasize the claim made by the legislature that the act was " earnestly " considered. The act contained many other provisions of great importance. It was in many respects cumbersome and complicated, and justice to the peo- ple denianded that such a law should be carefully considered before being approved. The failure to pass an election law is justly chargea- ble to the legislature. It allowed fifty-seven days to elapse before send- ing so important an act to the governor. SALE or DELINQUENT PROrERTY. The following message explains the return of an act to amend the laws providing for the sale of property for deliquent taxes. The act ■was amended and became a law. I return without approval H. F. No. 25, "An act to ^mend certain sections of the revenue laws." The act provides that preliminary to a sale of property for delin- 48 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. quent taxes a notice must be posted " on each tract so delinquent." In the county of Salt Lake there over two hundred and fifty subdivisions outside of the limits ot bait Lake City. They* stretch across the valley from the city limits to the shores of the lake and some are found on the mountain sides. I am informed that these subdivi- sions contain over 60,000 lots. To enable the collector to place a notice on the ' de- linquent tract," he would have to take with him a surveyor, and if the delinquent list should be large he could not perform his duties within the statutory period. If the bill should be amended in this respect I will approve it. The following acts of more than ordinary public importance were approved : An act amending the act for the incorporation of railway companies. An act changing the name of the Deseret University to Utah University, and! making many needed changes in the law. An act giving to the mayors of cities of the first and second class a qualified veto and; for other purposes. A much needed jaw. An act to protect employes and laborers in their claim for wages. An act regulating the practice of iiharmacy in the Territory. This was the first, attempt to regulate the practice. The law seems to be complete in its provisions. An act providing for escapement shafts in coal mines. An act providing for the safety of workmen employed in coal mines. An act relating to the time of registering voters. An act in relation to irrigation companies, simplifying the existing law. An act providing that in civil cases 9 members of a. jury may return a verdict. An act creating a bureau of statistics. The old law imposing upon assessors the- duty of collecting statistics annually was repealed, and provision made for collect-^ ing the statistics triennially. An act fixing the time for the election of members of the legislature. An act to prevent foul brood in bees. An act prescribing the procednreiin matters of dower. An act relating to the assignment of dower. An act relating to the sale of liquors. Prohibiting their sale within 300 feet of any schoolhouse or church, or within 50 feet of any theater, concert hall, etc., and increasing the powers of the county court. \ An act in relation to loan, trust, and guaranty associations. An act in relation to marriage. An act creating the fourth judicial district. An act providing for the escheat of the property of decedents. An act authorizing the sale of the lands donated for the benefit of the University ~ of Utah. An act increasing the powers of the city councils. An act providing for a change in the boundaries of any municipal corporation. An act amending city charters. An act providing for the disposal of estrays and animals for trespass and damage^ An act creating Wayne County. An act to regulate the practice of medicine. This is a very sweeping act. I am afraid it is too radical in some of its provisions. It was passed in response to a de- mand from the leading physicians of the Territory. An act regulating the compensation of clerks of court. An act providing for the payment of jurors, witnesses, and phonographic report- ers, and creating and defining the duties of court commissioners. An act relating to right of way for irrigation companies' ditches and canals. An act providing for leasing school lands and prescribing rules and regulations- governing the same. An act requiring the governing boards of territorial institutions to make reports of public property in their hands and under their control. An act to allow poor persons to commence and prosecute suits. An acti relating to the management of the Territorial library. An act authorizing the issue of $250,000 of Territorial bonds in aid of public insti- tutions. An act making appropriations for general purposes. The laws of the session have been printed. They make a book of 150" pages. One hundred and twenty-two of these pages contain laws ap- proved on March 10, 1892, the last day of the session. In other words, of the 150 printed pages of session laws, 28 pages, containing 28 acts, were approved by the governor in flftyTuine days, and 122 pages containing 61 acts approved in one day. Though the- REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 49 governor was given no reasonable opportunity to review the work of the legislatare he gave to it every hour of his time. The journal shows that he vetoed only 16 acts. Three of them were absolute, 8 were in the nature of suggestious which were accepted, 4 were absolutely necessary because of glaring and mischievous errors, and 1 was the veto of the home-rtile memorial. I respectfully submit that such a record does not justify the inference held out in the memorial that the governor prevented necessary legislation, nor does it support the other claim put forth, that the legislature worked hard to relieve the " evils and wants existing in the present system of our legislation. " No legislature ever met under fairer and happier auspices. The majority were fresh from the people, wearing the laurels of a phe- nomenal victory. It was withia their power by a wise course to cement their hold on the affections of their constituents. It, was ex- pected they would legislate in the interests of the whole Territory, not of a party. Before the election they had flattered the voters with gracious words, and it was generally believed they would show good ^ith by good works. Before many days of the session had passed the people learned that the promises made before election had ceased to have force after. i The majority seemed to forget they were " the representatives of the people of Utah," and they excited and alarmed the whole Territory by some of their acts. A striking instance of their insensibility to public sentiment was shown by the treatineut given to the petitions for con- tinued aid to the manufacture of sugar. These petitions, though re- spectfully worded and relating to public business, were refused the courtesy of a reference to the proper committee and in a marked way were " laid on the table." A further evidence is shown by their attempt to destroy the sheep industry, the second largest in the Territory, by their attempt to rob the agricultural college board of the power conferred upon it by law and by the crude measures vetoed by the governor. The people of Utah have indicated with marked emphasis their opin- ion of the legislature and its work. Every election which has been held since the legislature met has shown heavy losses for the party which controlled it. The feeling of the people was well expressed by a leading and respected Mormon citizen in the tabernacle at Provo, when he said on the Sunday following the adjournment of the legisla- ture, " The legislature has adjourned, and I believe every citizen of the Territory breathes a sigh of relief." .The whole Territory did .breathe a sigh of relief, and it is doubtful if ever again the Territory wiU be made to suffer by sucb a legislature. Insteiad of correcting " evils and wants existing in the present sys- tem of our legislation," they diligently labored to accomplish partisan ends. Their record is odious in other respects. During the closing hours of the session the halls of legislation were deflled by the presence of swag- gering and blustering politicians, some of unsavory reputation, whose recommendations, openly made, were incorporated in acts that passed. -And, after resorting to methods unparliamentary, dictatorial, and un- constitutional, they seek to justify their conduct by complaining of the acts of the governor. _ ■ These so-called law-makers ignored the wishes ot the people as publicly expressed by petitions and otherwise and deliberately strove with brutal pertinacity to defeat necessary legislation and the enforce- ment of existing national and local laws. 8203 4 50 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. AMNESTY. On December 18, 1891, there was placed in my hands the following petition for amnesty, signed by the president of the Mormon Church and his two councilors and all the apostles of the church in this coun- try at the time. It seemed to me it was the most important document which the G-ov- ernment had received from the officers of the Mormon Church. It was a distinct, unqualified iiledge that for the future the Mormon Church and people would loyally observe and uphold the law. After consulta- tion with Chief Justice Zane we agreed to transmit the petition to Washington with the letter that follows the petition. Subsequently Judges Miner, Blackburn, and Anderson, of the Territorial supreme court, Secretary Elijah Sells, and Utah Commissioners Godfrey, Saun- ders, and Robertson joined in the recommendation. We, the first presidency and apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, beg respectfully to represent to your excellency the following facts : We formerly taught to our people that polygamy or celestial marriage, as com- manded by God through Joseph Smith, was right; that it was a necessity to man's highest exaltation in the life to come. That doctrine was publicly promulgated by our president, the late Brigham Young, forty years ago, and was steadily taught and impressed upon the Latter-Day Saints up to a short time before September, 1890. Our people are devout and sincere, and they accepted the doctrine and many personally embraced and practiced polygamy. When the Governmeiit sought to stamp the practice out", our people, almost with- out exception, remained firm, for they, while having no desire to oppose the Govern- ment in anything, still felt that their lives and their honor as men were pledged to a vindication of their faith, and that their duty towards those whose lives were a part of their own was a paramount one, to fulfill which they had uo right to count anything, not even their own lives, as standing in the way. Following this con- viction, hundreds endured arrest, trial, fine, and imprisonment, and the immeasurable suffering borne by the faithful people uo language can describe. That suffering, in abated form, still continues More, the Government added disfranchisement to its other punishments for those who clung to their faith and fulfilled its covenants. According to our faith the head of our church receives, from time to time, revela- tions for the religious guidance of his people. In September, 1890, the present head of the church, in anguish and prayer, cried to God for help for his flock, and received the permission to advise the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints that the law commanding polygamy was henceforth suspended. ' At the great semiannual conference which was held a few days later this was sub- mitted to the people, numbering many thousands and representing every community of the people in Utah, aud w'as by them in the most solemn manner accepted as the , future rule of their lives. They have since been faithful to the covenant made that day. At the late October conferencfe, after a year had passed by, the matter was once more submitted to the thousands of people gathered together, and they again, in the most potential manner, ratified the solemn covenant. This being the trua situation and believing that the object of the Government was simply the vindication of its own authority and to compel obedience to its laws, and that it takes no pleasure in persecution^ we respectfully pray that full amnesty may be extended to all who are under disabilities because of the operation of the so- called Edmunds and Edmunds-Tucker law. Our people are scattered; homes are made desolate ; many are still imprisoned ; others are banished or in hiding. Our hearts bleed for these. In the past they followed our counsels, and while tney are thus afliicted our souls are in sackcloth and ashes. We believe there is nowhere iu the Union a more loyal people than the Latter-Day Saints. They know no other country except this. They expect to live and die on this soil. When the men of the South, who were in' rebellion against the Government iu 1865, threw down their arms and asked for recognition along their old lines of citi- zenship, the Government hastened to grant their prayers. To be at peace with the Government and in harmony with their fellow-citizens who are not of their faith, and to share iu the confidence of the Government and REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 51 people, our people have voluntarily put aside something which all their lives they nave believed to be a sacred principle. / 1 ^'''^^ tl^ey not the right to ask for such clemeacy as comes when the claims of both T ^^ .I'l'^tice have been fully licjuidated? ^,,■7^/ -.^^^''''I'^l' °^ ^ patient and suffering people we ask amnesty for them and pledge our laith and honor for their future. And your petitioners will ever pray. WiLFORD Woodruff. H. J. Gbant. Gbokge Q. Cannon. John Henry Smith. Joseph F. Smith. John W. Taylor. Lorenzo Snow. M. W. Merrill. Franklin D. Richards. Anthon H. Lund. > M0SB8 Thatcher. Abraham H. Cannon. Francis M. Lyman. ,, ,, „ Salt Lake City, Utah, Deoember 19, 1891. 10 the President: We have the honor to *)rward herewith a petition signed by the president and most influential members of the Mormon Church. We have no doubt of its sincerity and no doubt that it is tendered in absolute good faith. The signers include some who were most determined in adhering to their religious faith while polygamy, either ■ mandatory or permissive, was one of its tenets, and they are men who would not lightly pledge their faith and honor to the Government or subscribe to such a doeu - ment without having fully resolved to make their words good in letter and spirit. We warmly recommend a favorable consideration of this petition, and if your ex- cellency shall find it consistent with your public duties to grant the relief asked, we believe it would be graciously received by the Mormon people, and tend to evince to them, what has always been asserted, that the Government is beneficent in its in- tentions, only asks obedience to its laws, and desires all law-abiding citizens to enioy all the benefits and privileges of citizenship. We think it will be better for the future if the Mormon people should now receive this mark of confidence. As to the form and scope of a reprieve or pardon, granted in the exercise of your constitutional prerqgative, we make no suggestions. You and your law advisers will best know how to grant what you may think should be granted. We are, very respectfully, Arthur L. Thomas, / Governor of JJtdh^ Charles S. Zane, Chief Justice of Xkah Territory. POLYGAMY. In my last reportj referring to the action of the president of the Mor- mon Church in issuing the so-called manifesto on September 25, 1890, in which he said: "And I now publicly declare that my advice to the Latter-Day Saints is to refrain from continuing any marriage forbidden by the laws of the land," and the action of the Mormon people in their general conference of October 6, 1890, and again on October 6, 1891, in adopting, by a unanimous vote, a resolution declaring that " we con- sider him (Wilford Woodruff) fully authorized, by virtue of his position, to issue the manifesto wbich has been read in our hearing, and which is dated September 6, 1890, and that, as a church in general conference .\ assembled, we accept the declaration concerning plural marriage as authoritative and b-inding," I said that I had " no doubt that, as they (the Mormon people) have been led to believe it (the manifesto) was put forth by divine sanction, it will be received by the members of the Mormon Church as an authoritative rule of conduct, and that, in effect, the practice of polygamy has been formally renounced by the people." I know of nothing which has transpired during the past year to lead me to qualify the opinions above expressed, so far as the Mormon lead- ers and the Mormon people, as a whole, are concerned. I do not be- 52 EEPORT OF THE GOVERN-OR OF UTAH. lieve that any polygamous marriages have taken place with the consent or permission of the Mormon leaders, and I also believe that it is the sincere intention of the Mormon people not to approve or sanction po- lygamous marriages for the future. I also believe that the large major- ity believe it uow to be wrong to live in unlawful cohabitation. There is no doubt, however, for the evidence on this point is conclusive, tha,t many persons who contracted polygamous marriages before the mani- festo was issued have been guilty of unlawful cohabitation. Human nature does not change by the kind of church it enters, and there are Mormons who, because they have the opportunity, are deliberately vio- lating the law prohibiting unlawful cohabitation. It is to be regretted that the sincerity of a whole people in seeking to accomplish a great re- form, should be placed under suspicion by the acts of a few, but such is the casic. It will jirobably be some time, it may be years, before the prac- tice of unlawful cohabitation will finally cease. I think, though, that if the majority of the Mormon people could have their way, it would cease how and forever. POLITICAL ACTION. The general election for commissioner to locate university lands and for county and precinct officers will be held in l^Tovember nextj the day of the delegate election, and biennially thereafter. It was formerly held on the first Monday of August annually. The only elections held in the Territory since the date of my last report were for municipal ofiflcers in the cities of Salt Lake, Provo, Logan, Kichmoud, Wellsville, and Smithfield. The retiirns indicate to some extent the drift of public sentiment regardin g the political parties. The following table will show the votes cast at these municipal elections in comparison with the legislative elections of 1891. Salt, Lake City- Liberal RepubUcan Democratic Logan — Eepublican Democratic Provo — Kepublican Democratic Liberal Wellsville— Eepublican Democratic Smithfield— Kepublioan Democratic Kichmond — Republican Democratic Legisla- tive. Municip.il. Increase. 3, 794 4,560 766- 372 852 480 2,704 2,706 62 227 400 173 332 277 323 420 143 449 499 50 109 40 35 71 31 106 131 25 74 91 1^ 98 34 83 68 34 66 70 6 l)ecrease. 15 These figures show a very substantial gain for the Eepublican party in every city, while the Democrats have lost three of the cities. In 1891 in these cities the Democrats polled 3,748 votes, and in 1892, 3,863 votes, a gain of 115 votes. The Republicans polled 1,024 votes in 1891, and in 1892, 1,902 votes, a gain of 878. The election in Salt Lake City showed a gain of 766 for the Liberal party. This was extremely significant and indicates that a very large majority of the liberal Eepublicans and Democrats do not believe the EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 53 time has yet come for them to join the national party movement. Since the municipal elections quite a number of liberalcitizens have announced their intention to vote with the national party of their choice, but not enough to materially affect the result of the election in Salt Lake and Summit counties. There is no doubt but that in these counties the lib- eral ticket will be elected. A spirited canvass is now taking place between the candidates of the three political parties. The Eepublicans were the first to hold their convention, and after quite an earnest contest, marked with some de- gree of feeling, nominated Frank J. Cannon, a young man of Mormon parentage as their candidate, and adopted the following platform : This delegate convention, representing a constituency now fuUy recognized as a component part of the great Republican party of the nation, congratulates the peo- " pie of Utah ujion the glorious outlook for a continuance in power of this great party, which has made the "American home" the longed-for goal of the oppressed of all nations of the earth. Its system of protection of American labor by taxing the competing products of the peon and pauper labor of other countries; its upbuilding of home industries : its fo3te;tag care of home markets, aad by wise reciprocal relations the gradual but sure extension of foreign markets for the products of this country, commands our indorsement and will receive our undivided support. We believe in the protective principle of the American Republican tariff laws. We have seen the result of this principle in the cheapened cost to the consumer of every article, the domestic production of which has received adequate encourage- ment at the hand Of Congress. The McKinley bill has stimulated manufacturing, lowered the prices of hosts of articles, raised the standard of wages, lowered the price of living, and put almost the entire working force of the country in a position, to earn good wages. We indorse the principles of this great national party, as enunciated in its plat- form adopted at its Minneapolis convention in June last, and hereby reaffirm our "allegiance to the party and pledge thereto our best efforts and devotion. We congratulate the people of the country at the final manifestation of the Demo^ cratic party of the courage of its convictions in its advocacy of free trade so long hidden and sheltered under its former hypocritical cloak of "tariff reform." Its true position upon tliis great economic question, now thoroughly known, may safely be left to the intelligent discernment of the American citizen. The contest between the two great parties at the present time involves the main- tenance of American wages, American homes, and general prosperity on the one hand, as against their destructive downfall to the level of foreign wages, foreign homes, and prevalent poverty on the other. The jjolicy of the Democratic. party, should it become dominant in this country, is destined to impel measureless disaster upon our domestic industries, throw a vast number of men and women out of profitable em- ployment, retard our progress, and blight our prosperity. The song of spindles and looms, of hammers, anvils, saws, and of every industrial machine; the hum of the mower, the reaper, and the thrasher; the rumble of the railroad train as it passes cities, towns, and villages, passes forges, rolling mills, fac- tories, mines, and smelters, in its grand mission of the interchange of products, are all pregnant with the musical inspiration to maintain the protective system of the Re- publican tariff. We unqualifiedly denounce the un-American course of the late Democratic legisla- tive assembly of this Territory in attempting to strike down the great sheep indus- try; for its refusal to farther encourage the production of Utah sugar; for the open hostility it displayed to the policy of developing the manufacturing industries of the Territory ; for its despicable attempt to divert the money appropriated for the use of the Loo-an Agricultural College to partisan uses and purposes ; and for its utter failure to legislate intelligently upon questions of vital interest to the people. We denounce the free-wool bill as passed by the late Democratic Congress, and demand that the wool schedules asnow adjusted by the McKinley bill be maintained until such time as the increased production will meet the demands of home oon- The people of Utah are particularly interested in the maintenance of Republican institutions and Republican principles. Her principal productions, wool, lead, sil- ver and farm products, are profitably produced hire because of Republican protec- tion. And yet these same productions receive the special, open, and malignant hos- tility of the Democracy. We are unalterably opposed to the removal of the Indians from Colorado to Utah, but we favor the giving of sufficient lands of the several reservations to the Indians 54 REPORT i)F THE (JOVERNOR OF UTAH. thereof in severalty, and that the balance be made subject to settlement under the homestead laws, and particularly the Uintah Reservation, of Utah. We are in favor of the cession of arid lands of the several States and Territories to such States and Territories, respectively. We are also in favor of such amendment of the land laws as will enable resident citizens of the Territory to take from the public lands therein the necessary timber for all domestic purposes. We indorse the administration of President Harrison and particularly commend the course pursued bv him and his advisers in maintaining the dignity of America and American institutions, ooth at home and abroad. We particularly commend the President's efforts to enhanci? the value of silver and to extend its use as money of ultimate redemption, through the agency of an international monetary conference. We favor free and unrestricted coinage of American silver and demand that it be restored to the position held prior to the demonetization act of 1873. We afdrm our loyal attachment to those principles of the Republican party under which it strives to build up the American merchant marine and the American Navy, to protect the' right of franchise, to maintain free schools, to encoiu-age temperance, to maintain the honor of the American flag, to protect American citizens at home and abroad, and to secure proper and adequate pensions for the veterans of the war and for the dependent families of deceased soldiers. We assert and recognize the dignity of labor and the necessity of proper legisla- tion to protect its interests; that home laborers and producers, who contribute to the public funds, are justly entitled to the preference in all public works ; that Utah work should go to Utah workmen, and that in all public works only Utah material and Utah products shall be used, if procurable. We condemn the attempt of the board of public works of Salt Lake City to give the contract of street-paving to a foreign corporation using imported materials. We favor the eight-hour system of day's work upon all public works. The Republicans hold that all political power is of the people; that national au- thority is derived from the people of all States and State authority from the people of the'particular State; that the Government; of the United .States possesses the pow- ers named in its Constitution and those necessary to their exercise ; that the people of the State possess the powers not so conferred or denied to them by that instru- ment ; that the State government may exercise such powers as remain with the peo- ple as they have not within their constitution forbidden the use of; that the nationail and State governments are sovereign in their respective spheres, and that there can be no conflict between their right so bounded; and we further believe, in the words- of Abraham Lincoln, "in government of the people, for the peojjle, and by the peo- ple," and that all matters of public coucern should be submitted to the people when ' it can be done. We declare our hostility to the introduition into the United States of foreign con- tract labor and Ciiinese labor alien to our civilization and our Constitution, and we demand the rigid enforcement of the existing laws against it and such immediate legislation as will exclude such labor from our shores. We again afSrm our opposition to the disfranchisement of any citizen except for criine, of which he shall have been convicted by due process of law, and we favor the free exercise of the powttr of amnesty to all citizens disfranchised on account of polygamy or polygamous relations, who will obey and uphold the laws of the United , States. We recall the policy of the national Republican party that: "The government by Congress of the territories is based upon necessity only, to the end that they may become States in the Union. Therefore, whenever the condition of the population, material resources, public intelligence, and morality are such as to insure a stable local government therein, the people of the Territory should be permitted, as a right inherent in them, to form for themselves constitutions and State governments, and be admitted into the Union." We again deny that the Republican party in Utah was organized to unduly hasten statehood. The question of statehood for Utah was not immediately involved in the division of the people of the Territory on national party lines; but, in view of the many changes which have recently transpired in our midst affecting the political interests of the people and believing the conditions of the population, material re- sources, jjublic intelligence, and morality of this Territory are such as to insure a stable local government therein, we pledge to the people of this Territory that our best efforts shall be exerted to form a State government for Utah and to procure her admission into the Union of States. We regret that [in] our efforts to redeem the people of this Territory from the yoke of Democratic bondage and to prepare the Territory for admission into the Union as a Republican State we have been hampered and beset by the active hostility of cer- tain Republican officials, acting in their capacity of appointees of a Republican administration. REPORT or THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 55 This convention respectfully counsels the President that all future appointments to office in this Territory should he recognized memhers of this party. We believe such action by the President will prove beneficial to the party, both* territorial and national. The Democratic convention was next held, and Joseph L. Rawlins, also a young man of Mormon parentage, was nominated as their candi- date. There was practically no contest for the nomination, it being, made by acclamation. The following platform was adopted : The Democratic party, in convention assemhled, hereby adopts the followius plat- form and resolutions : First. As a duly recognized part of the great Democratic party of the United States, we accept and indorse the principles set forth in the platforih of that party. adopted at the convention held in Chicago June 21, 1892. Second. We recognize the Goverhment of the United States as supreme in all national aifairs, affirm anew our allegiance to its sovei-eignty, and ]>li'dge ourselves to loyal obedience to its laws and authority as delegated to it from the people and defined in the ISTational Constitution. [Third] . AVe hold that the principle of local self-government is fundamental and es- sential to the system established hy the founders of our nation, and therefore that each of the States is, and must be, sovereign within its own sphfere. We regard pa- ternalism in .government as opposed to the genius of our political institution, and centralization as fatal to the rights of the States and the lil)ertics of the people. Fourth. We denounce all scheme.^, whether called ''protection" or by any other . misnomer, which tax the many for tlic enrichment of the few, which take from the poor man as much as they draw from the rich, ^\ hich hnild up one class at the ex- pense of the others, which foster trusts and feed monopolies, as legalized robbery, disguised fraud, and virtual defiance of constitutional inliibitions. Fifth. We regard home industries as essential to the welfare of the country and their maintenance as couduciro to general prosperity. But we do not believe it is within the province of constitutional government to subsidize manufacturers at puh- lic expense, nor to compel the great masses of agriculturists to pay high prices to a few manufacturers. To cripple commerce and prevent fair competition is to create monopolies and impoverish the majority of the people. ' Sixth. We brand as deceptive and shameful the specious sophistry by which unin- formed people are led to believe that a high tariff lowers the price of commodities, increases wages, and henefits anybody bnt monopolists, speculators, and moneyed ' corporations. We favor tariff to provide needful revenue for the Government, wise economy in public expenditures, local taxation limited to the necessities of the times, and a strict accounting of all public funds. Seventh. We execrate partisan attempts to'control the will of the people, prevent its full expression at the polls or elsewhere, and confront ballots with bayonets ; pro- nounce them revolutionary and un-American, and declare the determination to resist them legallv to the very uttermost. Eighth. We denounce the action of the Republican convention in this Territory in approving the exercise of the absnlute power of veto. The subsequent withdraw- ing of approval when its probable effect upon the citizens was appreciated was hut a subterfuge, too flimsy to cover the real sentiment of the party. Its action in reference to statehood was similar in spirit and a plain indication that Utah need not look to the Republican party for aid in speedy deliverance from territorial vassalage. Ninth. We condemn the covert charge of the Utah Commission, signed by all its members except that grand old veteran Democrat Gen. McClernand, that polyg- amous marriages are still being ojutracted in Utah and that a huge number of people are living in hnlawful cohabitation , as false and designed to deceive the American people and hinder the progress of th,ia Territory to the grand position of statehood. While asserting that "it is believed" that this condition of affairs exists in Utah, the Commission refrains from stating hy whom it is believed and has persistently refused to name the individuals alleged to have violated the law or the persons said to have furnished the information. The records of the criminal courts and the reports of grand ju\ies form a standing refutation of the slander of the Utah Commission. We demand the abolition of that body as an unnecessary, despotic, and un-American institution. Tenth We ren-ard the report of that Commission as strictly in line with the whole course of the Republican party toward Utah. The Republican president has officially declared his doubts as to the sincerity of the Mormon people in their announced abandonment of polygamy. The reports of the Republican Congressional committeemen have emphasized these doubts. Their words have been echoed by he Republican press. The President has also withheld action on the petition for 56 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. general amuesty presented by tlie Mormon leaders, indorsed and signed by promi- neat officials and statesmen of both, parties. And by voting against bome rule, by introducing and then smothering a sham measure, having the appearance without the intention of preparing the way for statehood, and by the obstructive plank in its platform adopted at Minneapolis, the Republican party has exhibited its old- time and continued hostility to this Territory and its determination to hinder as long as possible the attainment of their political rights and liberties. Eleventh. We announce our complete contidence in the sincerity of the Mormon people in their abandonment of polygatnyj in submission to the laws of the land, and their division on party lines, and our full faith in the pledges of their church leaders that the freedom of the members in political affairs shall not be interfered with by them in any particular. We view the attempts of individuals to make it appear that the Mormon presidency secretly desire and work for the success of any particular party as a slander upon those church officials and a disgrace to those engaged in such despicable trickery. Twelfth. We emphatically declare that Utah is fully prepared in every way for the honors and responsibilities of a sovereign State, and pledge ourselves to labor unceasingly until this proud "position is achieved. Thirteenth. We are united with the great Democratic party in its undeviating friendship to organized labor, and denounce the policy of the Republican party in the interest of capital, which results in the reduction of wages, the importation of cheap workmen, th§ employment of Pinkerton hirelings, and the oppression of the laboring glasses. Fourteenth; We look upon the demonetization of silver by the Republican party in 1873 as a crime, and demand the restoration of the white metal to its proper posi- tion as a part of the national currency, Fifteenth. Such support as is possible for citizens of a Territory to give we will exercise for the election of those stalwart champions of pure Democracy Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson as President and Vice-President of the United States, and we will advocate and defend, promulgate and sustain, the principles of demo- cratic government and the rights of men until they become triumphant throughout the land and establish justice, liberty, .'ukI happiness in all the world. The Liberals were the last to hold their convention. They nominated 0. E. Allen ks their candidate by acclamation, and adopted the follow- ing platform : Met in convention, the Lil e al party, as a first duty, turns in reverent thankfulness to call over lovingly the names of the heroic band who long ago organized the party and through years of trial kept it.s flag " full high advanced. " ■It recalls the glorified names, it remembers that on their coming to Utah they found such an anomaly in government and such a menace to the country and to ' home that they set aside every partisah thought and, remembering only their coun- try and the duties owed it, arrayed themselves against the foe to liberty, advance- ment, and republican institutions, which was here intrenched, and turned to God and t-ieir coimtrymen for vindication. The Liberal party fails to see any such changed conditions as others assert that they see. It looks upon the assurance that conditions have changed as a theory and not an established fact, and it recoils from the prospect of imminent statehood. Anxious as every Liberal is to see every difference adjusted, as anxious as they are to exercise the utmost privileges accorded to the most favored Americans, they re- member what first caused clashing here was the presence and control of an unyield- ing theocracy ami an impcr'nim in imperio, and they can not fail to note that at the last, conference of this theocratic organization the old assumptions were all renewed. The bliss which awaits the polygamous family in heaven was vividly portrayed, the necessity of jiaying tithing was eulogized upon, and the declaration was boldly made that they are a distinct people, that their spiritual and temporal affairs are in- extricably blended, and that the only remedy for trouble or diiferences should be an appeal to the priesthood. Hence, reasoning with all cliarity, but remembering the iron discipline which pre- vailed here so long, the conclusion is irresistible that with the opportunity which would come with statehood the priesthood would again assume supreme control, all laws seeking to restrain that absolute rule and practices which would be pursued- und,er it would be ignored and made a dead letter, if not a theme for jest. The Liberal party joyfully marks the advancement which has come where Liberal rule prevails, the transtiguration wrought iu public schools, the opportunities of- ifored for workingraen to obtain employment without the sacrifice of manhood, and ,' the general material advancement which lias come to .all. We do not claim to he less selfish than others, but we firmly believe what we seek EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 57 holds more mercies to the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day saints than to ourselves : Therefore be it lieaolved. That we once more pledge our fealty to the Liberal partv and its priu- ciples. That we are unalterably opposed to statehood for Ut^h; That we favor such legislation as shall recover to silver its immemorial place as a perfect measure of values and a money of full ultimate redemption ; That we favor all legislation which adds new mercies and takes away hardships from working men and women; That we thank Governor Arthur L. Thomas for such a use of the veto power dur- ing the session of the legislature as gave a clear vision of the need of keeping such power in the hands of the chief executive. Believing that the only organized opposition to the scheme for the admission of Utah into the Union, now openly and boldly advocated by our opponents, must come from the Liberal party, and the sole way to give the opposition effect is through the ballot box, we call upon all who believe that near statehood would be fraught with disaster to vote for our nominee for Delegate to Congress and to present such a deter- mined front that our protests will prevail. If I were to express an opinion as to the result of the election, I would say that with a Liberal candidate in the field the Democratic candidate will be elected, though by a greatly reduced majority. The municipal elections have shown the Democrats that they mufet exert every effort to retain a majority in the Territory. They were placed at a disadvanta ge by the actions of the legislature. Every day it was in session it cost the party votes. It was perhaps fortunate for the Republicans that they had no representatives in the legislature. The Democrats had absolute power, and as it was the first legislature elected on political lines, the people watched the procebdings with keen interest, and were not sparing in their criticism. Although the result of the legislative elections was not very encouraging to the Eepubli- cans, they proceeded to perfect and extend their organization, and con- fidently claim that when the principles of the party are discussed and made known the Territory will be Eepiiblioan. During the past year it has been demonstrated by the people thatthe division on party lines is a permanent one, and that hereafter in nearly all of the counties the political contests will be conducted very largely, if not altogether, on national issues. How soon the time will come when the Liberal party will cease to be a factor in the politics of the Territory and political contests be con- ducted on strictly national lines is problematical. It seemed at one time as if the Liberals were about to commence to work steadily to pro- mote such an end, but this purpose was changed when the unfortunate home-rule bill was introduced, followed by the statehood bill. The Liberals accepted these bills as the evidence of the real purpose for which party division was commenced. In the consideration of the potlitic.il situation the question of the sin- cerity of the people arises. Very much has been said of church dicta- tion in political matters. While it is natural to expect that for' some years old influences will be discernible when Mormon and non-Mormon candidates are on party tickets, yet their influence will gradually grow less. But still it is true that the suspicion and the fear of church dic- tation still exists, and, strange as it may seem, this feeling is not con- fined to the Liberal party. After the municipal election in Logan the Herald, the Democratic organ, declared that the Democratic candidates were defeated by church influences, and at the muticipal election in Provo the Democratic paper published there declared that local church influence was being used to defeat the Democrats. It is but just to Idie churcli leaders to say that they denied the cltarge of interfering in the 68 REPOKTOF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Logan election, and that in Provo the Democrats were challenged" to produce the proof of church interference, but failed to do so. There is no doubt but that if the church desired to it could control the result of any election, but I am inclined to believe it will not try to do so. A time has been reached in the history of the Territory when it can not do so without being subject to exposure and criticism. Every day which passes is widening the chasm which separates the Utah of the past from the Utah of the present, and there is every reason to believe that the dissensions caused by exciting political contests will cause the people to think and act for themselves. Every day which passes is making it more difficult for the Mormon Church to dictate the political policy of its members, if it has any de- sire to do so, and the president of the church emphatically declares it has not. The division of the Mormon people into political parties is fast be- coming an accomplished fact, and in my opinion it is the intention of - the people to keep perfect faith with the party they decide to join. It is undoubtedly the intention of the large majority of the members of the Liberal party to maintain their organization until they are ready for statehood. OONGEESSIONAL 1.1'XtISLATION. There is now pending in the Senate and House of Eepresentatives at Washington, D. C, what are known as the home rule and statehood bills and the bill providing for a territorial exhibit q,t the World's Columbian Exposition. The home rule bill and World's Fair bill have passed the House. / THE world's fair BILL. The introduction of the World's Fair bill was inspired by the legis- lative memorial, which represented that the Territory must suffer for want of representation at the World's Columbian Exposition unless Congress would pass the bill. The people, however, have taken the matter in their own hands. The territorial act of March 13, 1890, which is now in force, authorized the governor of the Territory to appoint three suitable persons to represent the Territory at the World's Fair. These commissioners have the power to receive and collect subscrip-, tions of money, of samples of the products of the Territory, specimens of minerals, structural materials, and other natural resources of the Territory, and to apply for and receive suf&cient space for a jiroper exhibit. The sum of $3,000 was appropriated to defray their expenses. After the adjournment of the legislature I appointed Eichard Mack- intosh, Liberal, Eobert C. Chambers, Democrat, and Nelson O. Empey, iJepublican, representing the three political parties, as commissioners under the law. They met and organized, solicited subscriptions, and have been guaranteed the sum of $50,000, the amount fixed in the act T vetoed. It is now certain that Utali will be creditably represented at the fair and to the extent contemplated by the legislature. It is the opinion of many of our leading attorneys, some of ^\-hom have had long experience at the bar and have served on the bench with credit, that Congress has not the right to pass a law spreading a tax upon the property of the Territory, as provided in the pending bill. If it has the right the passage of the bill will be utterly useless and will tend to disrupt the arrangements now made for a successful exhibit. REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF .UTAH. 59 under our revenue law the tax ]evy for tjae year is spread upon the property and becomes a lien on August 31. That time has now passed for 1892, and the bill if passed by Congress could not be put in force until 1893. The tax does not become delinquent until October 31, and the collector can not proceed to collect by sale before the third Monday of December. It will thus be seen that the special levy could not be collected in the different counties of the Territory, and paid into the Treasury before January or February, 1894, too late to be of any use. The World's Fair bill/ought not to pass. It establishes a bad prece- dent unnecessarily, is of doubtful constitutionality, and can be of no benefit if it does pass. THE HOME-RULE BILL. The introduction of the home-rule bill, as it is called by those who father it, was a treacherous blow at the best interests of the Territory of Utah. The majority of the people did not at the time it was intro- duced support it, do not now, and in my opinion never wiy. It was sprung upon- the people without their knowledge or consent. The leaders of the people were not consulted nor were the people. It was the offspring of men who, having done all in their power in former years to secure legislation by Congress and by States and Territories to cor- rect the evUs of Mormonism, are now trying to put-Herod Herod in their , attempts to gain the good will of the Mormon people. The introduction of the bill was more than an act of treachery; it was a deliberately planned and executed crime against the peace of the Territory by pre- tended friends. The dominant party had dissolved but a few months before, leaving its members ft-ee to unite with the political party of their choice. It was announced, through the press and in other public ways, that the new movement was an educational one, one that would ulti- mately lead up to statehood^ but that statehood was not to be pressed. The Deseret Evening News, the organ,of the Mormon Church, in its issue of June 26, 1891, said : The statehood question naturally suggests itself to the thoughtful mind when the present political movement in Utali is considered. But this is more marked on the outside than on the inside of our Territory. We do not pretend to say that the peo^ pie of Utah are indifferent to this matter. We do not know that anybody has setup such a pretense, although Liberal scribes have alleged that it has been done. Bijt, W^hatever tendency the organization of citizens on national party lines may seem to have, it is certain that the present objects in view, among both Mormons and Gen- tiles who are active in the movement, are to settle local differences and promote local prosperity. We can get along very well for the present as a Territory. We have taxes enough now to make a burden grievous to be borne, and statehood would double the load. There is no great anxiety on the part of anyone, so far as we are aware, to renew at present those efforts for national recognition which have been hitherto ineffectual. And this was the position taken and the arguments advanced by the leaders of the new movement in both political parties. The sudden and unexpected introduction of the home rule measure branded these statements as false, and the members of the Liberal party almost uni- versally accepted the bill as the evidence of the purpose which prompted the dissolution of the People's party. The men who prepared the measure were dishonest enough to claim that home rule did not mean statehood, but they were not able to be- guile the people by this subterfuge, and there is no doubt they now realize the enormity of their mistake. It was a political blunder. It is difficult to estimate the results of this dishonest dealing. It de- stroyed the hope growing up in the hearts of hundreds of non-Mormon 60 REPORT OF 'I'HE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. citizens that new conditions had honestly come and left in its place a belief that the division of the people on national party lines was a trick. How long it will take to overcome this later impression is something the fature alone can determine. But if there is a feeling of greater dis- trust to-day than there was just before the springing of the home-rule bill it is justly chargeable to the scheming politicians who thought they could do as they pleased with the people and their interests. But the bill was singularly unfortunate in other respects. Utah was singled out by these pretended friends of her people as the one Terri- tory upon which Congress should place a special aiud conspicuous mark of distrust. ISTo non-Mormou, who was a liberal, had asked or thought of asking for such action by Congress. While opposing statehood now, in common with his Mormon neighbor, he looked hopefully for- ward to the time when Utah would be clothed with the robes of sov- ereign statehood. It remained for those who have been so loud in their professions of friendship for the Mormon people to conceive a measure which has no counterpart in the history of our national legislation, and which, if it should happen to become a law, would place in the statutes the enduring evidence that the people of Utah were the objects of na- tional suspicion. The bill imposes on the people greater burdens than would statehood, contains provisions they would almost unitedly op- pose, and was very evidently prepared by men who had no regard for the financial considerations involved. STATEHOOD. The introduction of the home-rule bill upon the request of the Dem- ocrats was followed by the introduction of a statehood bill upon the request of the Republicans. The Eepublicang based their action on the consideration that, though the question of a change in the present form of government had been brought to the attention of Congress without their knowledge or consent, it was their duty to bring forward the statehood bill and give to Congress the opportunity of deciding between the two measures ; that the majority of the people were not in favor of the home-rule bill, biit would support and welcome statehood, and that the best interests of the Territory demanded such action by them. The members of the Liberal party were aggressively united in their opposition to the home-rule bill and openly expressed their contempt for it, and, while they did not want statehood then and do not want it now, if a change were to come, they preferred it should be in the form of honorable statehood, and to this extent they indorsed the introduction of the Stateiiood bill. As late as December, 1891, it was substantially agreed by all parties that Utah was not ready for statehood. The Herald, formerly an organ of the People's party (Mormon), but now the leading Democratic organ in the Territory, both before and since the Democrats secured it, has declared the Mormons would not again ask for statehood, but would await its proffer by the United States. The Deseret News, the official organ of the Mormon Church and practically neutral in politics, de- clared the Mormons did not want statehood, and that it (the News) did ' not support the divisio)i movement for the purpose of using it as a means to promote statehood. The Tribune, the liberal organ, has always opposed statehood and has urged that premature action would be an injury and in no sense a benefit. Besides these concurrent statements there were financial reasons which led many good citizens to oj»pose statehood. This sub- REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 61 stantial unanimity of opinion was rudely disturbed by the attempt to secure the passage of the home-rule bill. The three political parties in the Territory have recently held Terri- torial conventions for the purpose of nominating candidates for Delegate to Congress. The Eepublican and Democratic conventions adopted resolutions declaring in favor of immediate statehood. The Liberal, convention declared against it. The party politicians who a few months ago indignantly denied that party division meant statehood, guided by other lights, have turned a sharij corner, and the Democratic organ, which knew so well the opin- ions of the people of Utah when it declared " the Mormons would not again ask for statehood," has turned a still sharper corner. How much ^ this sudden change is due to the belief that it wiU secure votes for a , political party, I leave to others to say, but I have no doubt the people of Utah are intelligent enough to see through the motives of " Greeks bearing gifts" to promote partisan ends. In my last reporb I said : > The fear of statehood is the principal reasou why the non-Mormon citizens of Utah fefuse to support the movement to organize the people On national party lines. They think, or at least the great majority of them do, that admission now would he a mistake which can he called nothing less than a political crime. They will rejoice to see the day come when Utah can safely be admitted. They have the interests of the Territory quite as much at heart as have the men who, to further party inter- ests and their political ambition, woiild hasten statehood. It is no reflection on the good intentions of the Mormon people to say that the eifect of statehood now would be to place the Territory under the control of the Mormon Church, if it chose to assume control, because its members form a large majority of the whole people. This fairly represents the situation to-day. The large majority of the Liberals, looking forward through a long vista of events which they firmly believe will follow statehood, un- qualifiedly express their opposition to statehood. They believe they are entitled because of their numbers and wealth to have their views fully and fairly considered by Congress. They urge that as a rule statehood is only granted in response to the urgent demand of all the citizens; that there is no instance in the history of our country of a Territory being admitted to the Union despite the protest of a large and influential body of her citizens, who believe that it would mean ruin to them politically and financially and to the Territory itself, and that an exception ought not to be made in the case of Utah; that the new political movements in the Territory are only in their infancy, having been so recently commenced that there has not been sufficient time to perfect the work of organization throughout the Territory. That even if it was completed a large number of the people, probably many thou- sands, are yet undecided as to their political views, and that it will take gome time and much patient work to thoroughly educate the people in the political principles of the great national parties ; that until these re- cent movements the subject of national politics was not an issue, and the people, many of them natives of the Territory, had never known any other party than the People's or Mormon party, which never considered national politics ; that, because of the more than forty years' contest between the Government and the people, the people had come to regard the members of the Liberal party, which supported the cause of the Gov- ernment, as their natural enemies, and that it will take time to remove these erroneous impressions. They further represent that thpy polled at the last legislative election more than 7,000 votes and copld proba- bly have polled 2,000 more had proper efforts been mad©; that their party is in the majority in the counties of Salt Lake and Summit, t)ie G2 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. first the natui'al center of the Territory in a political, commercial, and religious sense, the second the leading mining county in the Territory; that they are also in the majority in Ogden City, the leading railroad center in the Territory; that the total assessed value of property in the Territory as returned the present vear is $117,158,899.51, and of this amount Salt Lake County, has $51,637,718.26; Summit County, $4,071- 615.61; Ogden City, $13,500,000, making a total of $69,209,333.87, or nearly 59 per 9ent of the whole in the three strongholds of Liberalism; that when they lirst obtained control of Salt Lake City and County the total valuation was $18,556,970, and is now $51,637,718.26, an in-' crease of over 177 per cent, and this increase is mainly due to the efforts and methods of Liberal citizens; that in 1886 they owned over 25 per cent of the property of the Territory and since then have brouglit- a large amount of capital into the Territory and invested it in Salt Lake, Weber, and other counties, until now they probably own over 40 per cent of the whole property; that wherever they have obtained a foothold the public schools have been rapidly advanced ; that no person can visit the Territory without faiUng to see the beneficial changes' caused by the enterprise and energy of the citizens who now protest against statehood ; that in the great mining camps they are adding millions to the wealth of the Territory and giving to the farmers a market for much of their surplus products ; that they are wUling to con- cede there has been a steady improvement in the situation, but not to the extent that others claim; that they do not oppose statehood from any feeling of unkindness to the Mormon people, but from what they believe to be patriotic motives and an abiding conviction that it will be much better for the Mormons and non-Mormons and for the Govern- ment if sufficient time be given to permit the new political movements to become firmly established. There is no doubt because of the long years of strife there has not been that blending of interests which is so necessary to proihote the welfare of the Territory. The different elements of the population have drifted wide apart. The division movement was commenced a little more than seventeen months ago. It was sprung upon the people in a very hasty manner. At the general election some two months later, the work of organiza- tion was so incomplete that at many of the polls the people did not know who the candidates were, and in some districts there were no regular candidates of either parties. Since then much earnest work has been done, but there is no doubt there are thousands of people, many of them men of influ^ence and standing, who have not yet deter- mined what their political convictions are. The business view of the matter I referred to in my last report. The experience of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and other States has been that statehood meant a heavy increase of taxes, and Utah will have the same experience, only to a greater extent, as the Federal Government pays a larger proportion of the expenses of the Territorial government than it has of any other Territory. The maintenance of the public schools is a constantly increasing item of expense, though cheerfully borne. The public institutions are increas- ing their demands yearly and in many ways, though the majority of the people are economical and prudent in their expenditures, there is a steady increase in the cost of the Territorial, county, and municipal governments. I am aware that many people say we do not care if our taxes are in- creased; let us have the liberty which statehood brings and we will be REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. ♦j'S glad to bear them. This is the sentimental view of the matter. The J)ractical view is, that Utah, though it has a large area, has but little land in comparison with the whole that can be successfully cultivated. Her manufacturing industries are in their infancy and are being devel- oped slowly. The expenses of a State government will have to be borne mainly by the farmers and owners of city lots. There is now , much complaint that taxes are too heavy and they are likely to in- crease uncler our Territorial form of government, and after statehood will come the people will have to re]y on something more substantial than sentiment to help them meet its grave responsibilities and in- creased burdens. The following extract from an editorial in the Deseret News of Octo- ber 14, 1892, is worthy of -consideration in this connection : No, the Liberal party has no grounds for its alarm if it thinks the Mormons, either priesthood or people, are in a "scheme" to secure "immediate statehood." The Mormons are so much better satisfied with their surroundings and circumstances to- • 'day than those which have preceded them that they are quite willing to leave well enough alone. They are not inviting any increased burdens these hard times, when taxes are high enough already. They will not, of course, reject the responsibility of statehood and its added expenses when they come, but they are contented to wait until everybody feels that they ought to come. Whatever move towards statehood is being made at present, if any such there really is, comes from other than Mornipn - sources. And when the boon so well deserved is at last bestowed, it will be found that other than Mormon influences have been brought to bear to bring it about. We say, therefore, gentlemen of the Liberal party, dismiss your fears upon this subject. We speak emphatically and advisedly when we say that the Mormon Church, its priesthood, or its members do not desire the admission of Utah as a State under present conditions and with present feelings, and we announce for them that until such conditions arise, as they undoubtedly will arise sooner or later, the ad- iniasion of Utah will be as desirable to non-Mormons generally as it is to the Mor- mon people. The Mormon people will not urge statehood nor take steps to secure it. At a Territorial convention of the Liberal party, held in pursuance of the following call : Headquarters Territorial Libbual Committee, Salt Lake, Utah, iTanuary 6, 189S. There wiU be held a Territorial convention of the Liberal party to take steps to ^defeat the ruinous legislation proposed for Utah. The central committee desire the aid of the party in this crisis, and let the re- sponse be such that the attempt of a few men to hand over the absolute control of this Territory to the hierarchy we have so long opposed will be shown to be against the will and judgment of all true Democrats and Republicans of the Territory. The apportionment of delegates to counties will be as for the last Teitritorial convention and as follows : Beaver, 11 ; Box Elder, 20 ; Cache, 8 ; Davis, 8 ; Emery, 8 ; Garfield, 5 ; Grand, 8 ; Iron, 5; Juab, 17; Kane, 5; Millard, 8; Morgan, 8; Piute, 8; Rich, 8; Salt Lake, 119; Sim Jaan, 5 : San Pete, 11 ; Sevier, 8 : Suinmit, 32 ; Tooele, 8 ; Uintah, 5 ; Utah, 20 ; Wasatch, 8 ; Washington, 5 ; Weber, 56. County committees should at once call conventions to elect delegates to this Ter- ritorial convention. Where this is impracticable county committees should select the delegates to which their county is entitled. The convention will be held at Salt Lake City on Thursday, the 4th day of Feb- ruary, 1892, and will be called to order at 12 o'clock noon. The Territorial commit- tee will meet at the Walker House at 8 p. m. February 3, 1892. 0. W. Powers, Cytairman. C. E. Allen, Secretary. the following resolutions were adopted : Memorial to the Congress of the United States. Your petitioners, a great convention representing the people of nearly every county of Utah Territory, respectfully and most earnestly implore the lawmakers of this nation to defeat two measures now pending before you, known respectivly 64 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. as the Faulkner-Came home-rule bill for Utah, and the Teller bill, providiug for statehood for Utah; and for such legislation beg to present the following statement of facts: Utah was first settled by a people that had been driven beyond the borders of civ- ilization because they bad insisted upon being a law to themselves, and claimed a divine right to establish a government of their own. which should be a perfect the- ocracy wTierein one man should be aa king and all others as subjects. Upon their coming they were imbittered towards and estranged Irom the Govern- ment of the United States ; they taught their children that bitterness for forty years ; ihey so absolutely held the fealty of their people to their own government that thou- sands and tens of thousands of them grew to manhood and womanhood without the slightest knowledge of the Government of the United States or its laws. On coming here, moreover, they declared that polygamy was an ordinance of God, and that upon practicing it depended the highest exaltation of mortals when they should put on immortality. Twenty years ago, some brave and true men within the organization, at mighty risks — social, financial, and personal — set up the standard of revolt against the tyr- anny of this institution ; others joined it. As true men from other States came here they waived their fealty to the national political parties with which they had before a(Cted to combat the common danger which they found threatening their country\ and their homes in Utah. The record of the party thus created is one of the brightest in American history. At last laws were passed to destroy polygamy, and through the courage of the United States courts, backed by the Liberal party/ those laws began to be enforced. This added to the bitterness which alreacly prevailed aud made Utah a place of unrest, contention, and hate. At last, under the pressure of the execution of those laws, progress began to be made. Hundreds were convicted under them, and with increasing population. Sum- mit County, Weber County, and Salt Lake County, containing half the population of the Territory and paying 90 per cent of the taxes of the Territory, were wrested from church control and put in accord with American institutions in spirit andin truth. Under the pressure, the head of the theocracy, in September, 1890, declared that he had received permission from God to suspend the practice of polygamy. This was ratified at the ^reat annual Mormon conference held in October, 1890, and again in October, 1891. Early in the spring of 1891, by a spontaneous movement, the party that had always been known as the Church or People's party was disolved; throughout the counties, cities, and hamlets of the Territory Republican and Democratic clubs were formed, and the people at once joined these clubs. At the same time a trifling percentage of the other party, known as the Liberals, withdrew from the organization they had BO long adhered to and went off on national party lines. Out of this small percentage, backed by the hosts who a year ago were intent upon " building up a kingdom " and " becoming a distinct people," these bills, which we pray Congress to destroy, were evolved. This convention notes the changing conditions, and waiving any doubt as to the sincerity of the acts of the masses of those who are seeking the passage of the one or the other bill, protests against their passage on the ground — First. That the great majority of the Mormon people have but just begun to cul- tivate a knowledge of American institutions or an affection for them. Second. Because the people are not like foreigners coming here from abroad, but are people who have been brought up as aliens within the Republic and the obedient followers of a power which, from their cradles, they have been taught to believe ia divine, which power still teaches that daily revelations from God are a part of every true Saint's belief. And this is, too, a people who are still largely in majority in Utah. The convention further submits that the Territoi*y is prosperous ; that the rights of all men are carefully guarded ; that there is no need of the proposed legislation, and that a fair time for education should be given before the Government surrenders its sovereign and merciful authority over one-twentieth part of the area of the Re- public. Aud, moreover. Be it resolved, That the Liberal party of Utah has no king, dictator, czar, junta, direc- tory, advisory board, or boss. It has but one ruler — "the will of the people of Utah properly expressed in regular and lawful way." It recognizes no organ save the in- dependent press of Utah, and authorizes none but its regularly elected or delegated representatives to voice its utterances. Kesolved, That the Liberal party reaffirms its fealty to the principles upon which it was founded ; it welcomes exultingly the progress that has been made through its efforts ; it rej oices over the changing conditions which are going on in Utah ; it REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 65 looks forward hopefully to the time when all the people of the Territory can unite in a petition for statehood. Beaolved, That as the Liberal party is and always has been a party of law, as it has never demanded aught except obedience to the law, it rejoices now in the in- creasing peace, order, and prosperity that has come through that obedience. Besolved, That with malice toward none, with charity for all, the Liberal party is in full touch with all the best interests of Utah and her people, and aims at nothing less noble than to make sure the utmost prosperity, happiness, and peace of all the inhahitants of this Territory. Beaolved, That we commend the action of the legislative assembly of Utah, now in session, in passing, by almost unanimous vote, its act for the punishment of po- lygamy and kindred crimes, and further respectfully ask the Congress of the United States to adopt an amendment to the Constitution prohibiting the practice of polyg- amy anywhere within the boundaries of the Republic. Besolved, That a committee, composed of men representing the varied important industries of Utah, be sent to Washington to present the memorial and resolutions adopted by this convention, and to protest before the Committees on Territories in both branches of Congress against the passage of both tho Faulkner-Caine and Teller bills. It is my opinion, having due consideration for the wishes and feel- ings of all, that between the two great elements of the popnl9.tion, Mormon and non- Mormon, the sympathy of feeling and harmony of purpose does not exist which is so essential to the prosperity and hap- piness of the people under statehood, and that it would be an act un- worthy the justice of a great, government to turn a deaf ear to the appeal of the men who, in Utah, have always upheld its authority and obeyed its laws. I am, sir, very respectfully, Aethxir L. Thomas, Governor, Hon. John W. Noble, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, B. C. 8203 5 OL/tO REPO OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 9 3. ■WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1893. REPORT GOYEENOK OF UTAH TO THE SBOEETAEY OF THE mTERIOE. 18 9 3. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1893. REPORT THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Salt Lake City, October 2, 1893. SiB: In pursuance of your request of July 18, 1893, I have the honor of submitting the following report of existing conditions in the Territory of Utah during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893 : POPULATION. County. Census re- port, 1890. Estimated population, 1893. County. Census re- port, 1890. Estimated population, 1893. 3,340 7,642 16, 599 6,469 4,860 2,457 541 2,683 6,682 1,685 4,033 1,780 2,842 1,527 3,560 7,910 17, 100 6,660 7,000 3,520 750 2,775 6,200 1,875 4,050 1,880 2,350 1,650 58, 457 365 13, 146 6,199 7,733 3,700 2,292 . 23, 416 4,627 4,009 642 23, 005 67, 000 47& Sanpete Davie 7,46a 4,100 Uintah Utah 28, 500 4,850 4,400 1,000 Millard 28, 50O Piute Total Eich 207, 905 240 805- On account of the recent financial stringency and the violent decline in the price of silver, the population of the mining districts has decreased very materially the past six months, while in all other portions of the- Territory there has been a steady growth. The above estimate shows, an increase of 33,900 since the census was taken. UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE. Statement of %e business of the United States land office at Salt Lake City, UtaJi, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1S9S. Kind of entry. Numher. Cash entries (excluding area in commuted homestead entries and timber-culture entries) Mineral entries Mineral applications Desert applications Desert final entries Homestead entries Homestead final entries Timber-culture final entries Adverse mining claims Preemption filings Coal filings ■<3oal entries !Railroad selections Testimony fees 180 107 107 253 89 687 179 5 21 2 70 2, 747, 3, 235. 42, 024, 18, 002. 96, 372, 25, 826, 666, 360. 10, 720. 566. 139,389. Total . 1,719 $25,025.44 13, 122. 50 1, 070. OO 10, 606. 31 20, 222. 31 10, 536. 35 1, 166. 29 24.00 210. 00 6.0O 210. OO 11,200.00 802.00 616. 28 348,788.90 94,717.48 4 KEPOET OF THE GOVEKNOR OP UTAH. SETTLEMENT OP PUBLIC LANDS. Statement sh-owing the disposition and, settlement of puhlic lands in Utah Territory and the total business of the land office at Salt Lake City from the time of its opening in March, 1869, to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. Amount. Cash entries Mineral entries Mineral applications . Desert applications - . Desert final entries. 4,188 1,947 2,244 3,818 945 Homestead entries I 10, 494 4, 947 1,577 23 947 11, 995 1,214 109 5 Homestead final entries . Timber-culture entries Timber-culture final entries Adverse mining claims Preemption filings Coal filings Coal cash entries Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad selections . Land warrants Agricultural college scrip ! Yalentine scrip Chippewa scrip '.'....'.'.'.'.['.[ Supreme court scrip .' .'.'."."" Sioux half-breed scrip ' ' Timber sold Timber depredations "!!]!!".".. Testimony fees *-...!.,!!!!.".! Total - 378, 727. 21 22, 811. 95 14, 223. 08 758, 412. 28 176,711.47 1, 330, 338. 26 699, 376. 38 179,303.49 2, 566. 20 .. 445, 087. 88 154, 840. 00 190, 493. 80 778, 458. 24 23, 957. 00 84, 912. 00 280. 12 479. 82 4, 630. 02 360. 00 6, 245, 869. 20 $621, 841. 61 109, 589. 50 22, 440. 00 197, 690. 52 181, 651. 65 160, 818. 00 32, 482. 14 17, 902. 00 96.00 9, 236. 00 35, 985. 00 3, 642. 00 24, 540. 20 8, 8a. 64 615.00 2, 232. 00 14.00 10.00 6.00 127. 08 15, 422. 31 17, 759. 20 1, 469, 941. 75 REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERT? AND IMPROVEMENTS, 1893. Statement showing the assessed valuation of real and personal property and improvements in the several counties for 1893. Counties. Beaver Eoxelder Cache Davis Emery Garfield Grrand Iron Jaab Kane Millard Morgan Piute Eich Salt Lake San Juan Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele Utah Uintah "Wasatch "Washington . "Weber "Wayne Total . Eeal property. Improve- ments. $315, 1, 248, 3, 771, 2, 083, 405, 29, 56, 273, 564, 89, 238, 317, 91, 532, 31, 456, 2, 1, 815, 437, 1, 760, 545, 4, 293, 181, 548, 277, 10, 628, 54, 362 218 740 740 339 349 997 390 775 382 949 518 117 206 678 400 455 601 880 075 025 143 260 639 143 411 $242, 285 415, 446 1, 376, 030 589, 775 170, 240 16, 076 20, 906 159, 694 1, 108, 867 119, 256 1, 041, 741 129, 825 40, 730 81,445 9, 232, 106 8.770 8,69, 630 294, 710 861. 112 277, 525 2, 000, 896 99, 462 279, 618 266, 080 3, 629, 777 44,850 Personal property $515, 431 65, 770 199, 783 228, 025 1, 635, 774 223, 779 258, 091 406, 322 754, 186 414, 617 398, 267 142, 889 157,(1)95 260, 039 8, 400, 328 370, 221 462, 816 544, 884 1, 340, 744 408, 900 1, 548, 005 302, 385 286, 715 441, 004 3, 523, 311 196, 040 Total 1895. 02. 010, 752 I 23, 364, 848 I 23, 475, 511 $1, 073, 078 1,719,433 5, 347, 553 2, 901, 640 2, 211, 363 268, 203 335, 993 839, 406 2,427,828 623, 255 1, 678, 947 690, 232 289, 042 873, 750 49,089,111 381, 391 3, 137, 901 1, 277, 195 3, 962, 736 1, 232, 400 7, 841, 926 582, 990 1, 114, 593 983, 723 17, 781, 231 295, 301 108, 860, 111 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statement showing the assessed value of the property of the incorporated cities and towns of Utah Territory, and the indebtedness of the same, for the years' 189S and 189S. Incorporated cities and towns. 'Assessed valuation of property. Cities under special charter. American Fork Alpine City Beaver Brigham City Cedar City Coalville Corinne Epiiraim Fairview Fillmore GrantsviUe Hyrum Kaysville Lebigh City Logan Manti Mendon Moroni Mount Pleasant Morgan Ogden Part City Parowan Payson Pleasant Grove Prove Kiclifield i Riclimond Salt Late City Smithfleld Spanish Fork -■ Spring City Springville St. George •-.... Tooele "Washington Wells vifle ■Willard Cities and towns under the general law, Bear River Bountiful Fountain Green Heber Kanab Monroe Nephi Salem Salina Santaquin Elsinore " Huntington Total 1892., 40, 312, 413, 139, 261, 182, 252, 143, 100, 150, 223, 1, 000. 393, 1, 930, 362, 69. 95. 244, 210, 13, 500, 1, 300, 113, 323, 244, 8, 618, 193, 156, 52, 598; 160, 296, •83. '430, 272, 160, 48, 113, 102, 000. 00 000. 00 412. 00 410. 00 868. 00 287. 00 235. 00 190. 00 200. 00 000. 00 OOO. 00 556. 00 000. 00 800. 00 842. 00 041. 50 500. 00 373. 00 292. 00 000. 00 000. 00 000. 00 950. 00 615. 00 030. 00 646. 00 174. 00 800. 00 395. 00 000. 00 230. 00 000. 00 000. 00 692, 00 804. 00 700. 28 690. 00 156. 75 30, 000. 00 (*) 70, 695. 00 <*) 53, 347. 00 200, 000. 00 779, 854. 00 144, 710. 00 111, 272. 00 81, 968.' 00 106, 450. 00 57, 396. 00 87, 200, 081. 53 1893. $354, 730. 00 *40, 000. 00 *312, 412. 00 *413, 410. 00 *139, 868. 00 261, 287. 00 *162, 235. 00 *308, 495. 00 138, 360. 00 92, 494. 00 265, 000. 00 223, 666. 00 No assessment. 388, 500. 00 1, 930, 842. 00 468, 964. 00 80, 634. 00 143, 844. 00 449, 000. 00 229, 800. 00 13,500,000.00 1, 327, 959. 00 138, 740. 00 600, 000. 00 234, 775. 00 *8, 618, 646. 00 211, 000. 00 305, 358. 00 *52, 598, 395. 00 240, 000. 00 *296, 230. 00 147, 249. 00 663, 092. 00 284, 952, 00 150, 000. 00 *48, 700. 00 147, 000. 00 141,971.00 36, 406. 00 (*) 100, 000. 00 (*) 67, 960. 00 109, 188. 00 *779, 854. 00 144, 710. 00 134, 000. 00 75, 000. 00 63, 000. 00 65, 800. 00 94, 533, 352. 00 Amount of indebtedness. $2, 500. 00 300. 00 911. 00 24, 000. 00 450. 00 None. 6, 000. 00 2, 000. 00 None. 200. 00 None. Do. 5, 000. 00 None. 45, 306. 00 12, 600. 00 500. 00 None. Do. Do. 368, 000. 00 None. 146. 60 600. 00 None. 124, OOO. 00 None. 200. 00 1, 500, 000. 00 None. Do. Do. Do. 2, 970. 23 None. Do. Do. Do. None. (*) None. (*) None. Do. 20, 000. 00 None. Do. Do. Do. 94.75 2, 116, 678. 58 130.00 ^300. . •911. 00 000000 450. 00 900. 00 000. 00 600.00 mm *i 000. 00 306. 00 000. 00 600.00 000. 00 600. 00 470. 00 000. 00 200. 00 60.00 000. 00 500. 00 110.00 000, 00 *24, None. 6, 1, None. None. None. S, None. *46, 12, None. Do. Do. *368, None. None. *124. 1, *1, 500, None. Do. Do. 2, 3, 1, None. ■ Do, Do. None. (*) None. (*) None. 500. 00 *20, 000. 00 None. Hu.ffit Y:K Do. Do. 98.00 225. 00 2, 098, 030. 00 * No returns made for 1893 ; the figures given are for 1892. t, While the assessed valuations have increased $7,333,270.47 the aggregate indebtedness has decreased $17,648.58. 6 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statement showing the nuniber of residences and business houses erected in incorporated cities and towns, and the cost of the same, during the fiscal year. Incorporated cities and towns. Cities under special charter. American Fork. -Alpine Beaver Brigham City. Cedar vjity Coalville Corinne Ephraim !Falrview Tillmore Grantsville . . . Byrum "Kaysville. ...... Lehi liOgan Mauti . Mendon JMoroni Mount Pleasant.. Morgan Ogden Parle City Parowan Payson Pleasant Grove. Prove Richfield Richmond Salt Lake City.. Smithfleld ■Spanish Fork... Spring City Springville St. George Tooele "Wellsville '■Willard Washington Cities and towns under general law. Bear Elver Monroe Fountain Green. Heber Kauab Nephi Salem Salina Santaquine Elsimore Huntington Dwell, ings. (*) (*) (-) (*) (-) (*) 16 (*) (*) (*) (*) (♦) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (') Value. $16, 000 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 21,200 5,500 2,000 2,000 (*) 3,000 13, 000 C) 5,400 n 5,650 15, 000 13, 000 (") (*) 10, 000 400 15, 000 7,000 H, 000 (') <*) n 3,000 6,500 3,000 1,200 3,000 4,500 (*) 6,000 18, 000 (*) {*) 12, 500 (*) Business houses. (*) (*) (*) {*) (*) (*) (*) {*) (*) (*) Value. $13, 000 (*) (*) (*) 500 (-) 2,000 20, 000 25,200 (*) (*> 85, 000 (*) (*) (*) 1,200 500 (*) (*) (*) 3,500 2,000 1,000 (*) (*) (*) (") 5,500 800 1,000 (*) Total.. 12, 000 500 1,600 2,000 218, 850 (*) (*) •42 6,000 (*) (*) 850 179, 500 *■ No returns made. Note. — While returns have not been received from Salt Lake City, Ogden, Provo, and Logan (the four principal cities of the Territory), it is safe to say that hundreds "of beautiful and permanent pub- lic and private buildings have been erected in these cities, and that hundreds of thousands of dollars Jiare been expended in their construction. REPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. 7 REVENUE, TERRITORIAL AND DISTRICT SCHOOL TAX. Statement of the revenue from the tax levy for the years 1891 and 1892 for school purposes. 1 Counties. Territorial and school tax. 1891. 1892. Boxelder ; $19,769.95 5, 783. 53 30,863.60 17, 483. 47 7,739.62 3, 054. 68 4,194.22 3, 481. 55 11,415.07 2, 316. 52 4,606.67 5, 914. 89 2,444.30 3, 829. 15 293, 689. 28 19, 769. 57 17,298.15 5,773.48 1, 673. 36 7,751.67 48,175.41 3,071.81 88, 412. 99 5,949.12 4, 224. 19 20,188.85 5,877.95 31/919.18 17,943.95 9,253.41 2, 813. 13 4, 529. 40 3,832 08 Beaver Cache Davis Emery Garfield Iron 11,696.73 4, 916 94 Kane 3,878.77 6 219 04 Millard Piute 1,328.13 3, 977. 12 256,68L86 20, 352. 08 22, 171. 35 Eioh Salt Lake Summit , Sevier 6, 720. 28 1, 992. 72 8, 653. 35 Tooele . : 50,151.23 2, 843. 12 Uintah .. .... 87, 104. 52 Wasatch .... 5, 742. 15 4, 654. 41 Wayne .. .. 1, 428. 75 Total ... . 618, 685. 19 596,790.49 Statement shoiving the revenue for each year from 1854, and the total assessed value of property from 1865. Tear. 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1806 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 Territorial and school tax. $6, 386. 31 17, 348. 89 16, 999. 38 12, 893. 43 9, 032. 32 9, 957. 17 23, 369. 50 25, 160. 92 47, 795. 18 50, 482. 00 33, 480. 02 47, 269. 65 52, 338. 98 53, 239. 13 52, 669. 36 59, 968. 03 33, 639. 09 38, 163. 56 43, 976. 40 53, 870. 87 Yalue of prop- erty assessed. (•) $3, 469, 770. 00 2, 937, 977. 00 2, 578, 486. 00 (*) 3, 982, 869. 00 4, 673, 900. 00 5, 032, 184. 00 4, 779, 518. 00 548, 200. 00 6, 696, 004. 00 9, 453, 930. 00 10, 467, 796. 00 10, 647, 826. 00 10, 533, 872. 00 11, 393, 606. 00 13, 465, 636. 00 15, 265, 434. 00 17, 590, 580. 00 31, 548, 348. 00 Year. 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 Territorial and school tax. $57, 021. 45 58, 223. 95 50, 020. 11 56, 384. 15 146, 903, 77 149,910.43 151,335.24, 153, 495. 40 174, 483. 93 185, 006. 55 203, 649. 64 208, 931. 72 214, 105. 93 227, 361. 48 282, 636. 61 305, 016. 14 543, 061. 08 618, 685. 19 596, 790. 49 Yalue of prop- erty assessed. (*) $23, 289, 23, 608, 33, 653, 24, 483, 24, 985, 25, 222, 25, 579, 29, 080, 30, 834, 33, 924. 34, 85i; 35, 684, 37, 893, 46, 868, 49, 883, 108, 612, 123, 737, 119, 358, 180.0 064. 00 660. 00 957. 00 073. 00 540. 00 234. 00 666. 00 425. 00 942. 00 957. 00 322. 00 530.00 247.00 690. 00 216. 00 042. 00 098. 00 ' No data. ^ KEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OP UTAH. LIVE STOCK. Statement showing the number of horses and m.ules, cattle and sheep, assessed in Utah Territory for the years 1891, 1892, and 1893, and the assessed value for 1893. HOESBS AND MULES. Counties. Beaver Boxelder Cache Davis Emery Garfield Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard Morgan Piute Eioh Salt Lake San Juan Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele Utah Uintah ,. . ■Waaatch Washington . Waynet Weber Total . 2,513 5,724 7,869 3,145 2,616 1,208 1,504 2,202 2,093 3,160 3,662 1,329 2,053 2,174 8,438 1,035 4,995 2,790 2,911 3,704 7,657 3,542 2,360 2,397 4,4 86, 579 2,634 (*) 7,980 3,100 • 2, 962 3,438 1,488 2,082 2,031 2,791 2,792 1,383 1,310 2,380 7,060 1,044 5,832 4,126 2,982 5,016 8,403 3,836 2,387 2,635 3,119 4,646 2,690 5,650 8,688 2,890 3,491 3,438 1,563 2,248 2,031 2,808 2,792 1,312 1,432 2,380 7,215 1,088 5,485 4,551 3,161 4,249 8,403 3,290 2,387 2,657 1,551 4,646 87, 457 92, 096 *!N'o report. tNew county; no report before 1892. CATTLE. Counties. 1891. 1892. Beaver Boxelder Cache Davis Emery Garfield Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard Morgan Piute Eich Salt Lake San Juan San Pete - Sevier Summit ^ Tooele Utah Uintah "Wasatch Washington Wayne Weber Total * No report. 6,740 13, 297 12, 913 5,530 5,530 6,256 19, 593 8,968 3, 117 12, 949 8,605 3,333 4,582 8,503 8,126 26, 362 10, 161 14, 719 8,906 6,061 12, 059 9,469 10, 2U 10, 209 (•) 6,976 242, 235 9,287 (*) 11,937 5,254 15, 001 16, 279 17, 513 8,315 4,734 13, 655 5,988 3,635 2,063 8,489 6,567 29, 722 10, 958 10, 067 8,364 6,071 13, 883 8,791 6,917 17, 329 8,682 7,274 10, 532 12,076 11, 876 4,442 16,115 15, 279 15, 062 8,444 4,734 14, 328 6,988 3,862 2,770 8,489 6,978 30, 571 9,604 10, 204 8,212 6,177 13, 883 7,140 6,917 14, 988 5,680 7, 274 266, 675 259, 925 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statement sliowing the nmnier of horses and mules, cattle and sheep, 2'erritorii, etc. — Continued. SHEEP. assessed in Utah Counties. Beaver Boxelder Cacbe Davis Emerjr Garfield Grand Iron Jnab Kane Millard Morgan Piute Eich Salt Lake San Jiian Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele trtah TJintali Wasatch "Washington . "Waynel "Weber Total . 97, 820 97, 593 1,768 10,783 21, 410 26, 402 14,000 48, 967 143, Oil 96, 025 190, 000 4,668 36, 735 6,640 291, .536 9,850 106, 136 22. 989 4, 923 162. 469 101, 605 41, 166 10, 731 14, 680 13, 990 1, 486, 392 I j Assessed j vahie. 36, 667 (*) 8,521 4, 703 76, 696 26, 775 9 64, 080 67, 257 49, 740 48, 075 4,407 11, 944 (*) 5,788 12, 200 216, 272 56, 258 6,386 187,167 74, 306 37, 425 15, 000 15,212 21, 495 20, 799 1, 045, 080 72, 290 74, 515 19, 669 3,600 73, 975 26, 775 19, 607 79, 507 57, 257 68, 230 48, 076 6,282 18, 179 (*) 8,264 11, 200 262, 313 61, 683 10, 373 273, 810 74, 306 32, 313 15, 000 22, 229 24, 705 20, 799 1, 374, 836 $144, 498 153, 155 34, 208 6,905 147, 880 39, 214 167, 321 114, 451 136, 460 96, 160 9,907 36, 356 (*) 9,884 22, 400 604, 626 123,666 20,192 647, 620 148, 280 50, 46» 30,000 44, 476 49, 410 41, 616 2, 648, 128 \ * No report. t No report before 1892 ; new county. BANK STATEMENT. Statements have been received from tlie following-named banks showiug state of their business June 30, 1893, as follows : Name. Capital. 1892. Deposits. 1892. 1893. Brigham City : Bank of Brigham Bank of Spanish Fork Corinne ; J. "W". G uthrie Davis County Bank Kaysville ; Barnes Banking Co Leni : Commercial and Savings Bank Logan : Thatcher Brothers Banking Co Manti : Manti City Savings Bank Mount Pleasant: Commercial and Savings Bank Nephi : Savings Bank and Trust Co First Natiotial Ogden : State Bank Commercial National Bank First National Bank Utah National Bank Citizens' Bank t 'gden Savings Bank "Utah Loan and Trust Co.'s Bank Park City : First National Bank Payson Exchange and Savings Bank Provo : Commercial and Savings Bank First National Bank National Bank of Commerce Utah County Savings Bank Eichfield : James M. Peterson Springville Banking Co Salt Lake City : American National Bank Commercial National Bank $35, 000. 00 19, 425. 00 50, 000. 00 11, 706. 50 26, 000. 00 49, 000. 00 160, 000. 00 26, 000. 00 (*) 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 125, 000. 00 160, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 160, 000. 00 75, 000. 00 216, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 30, 200. 00 75, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 260, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 * No report. S30, 000 25, 000 (*) 26, 000 84, 000 50, 000 170, 000 50, 000 60, 000 50, 000 50, 000 137, 500 150, 000 150, 000 200, 000 160, 000 75, 000 200, 000 (*) 81, 800 75, 000 60, 000 60, 000 50, 000 (*) 50, 000 300, 000 350, 000 $61, 324. 16 10, 550. 79 65, 000. 00 5, 243. 26 43, 045. 76 46, 832. 62 103, 658. 00 112, 328. 17 (*) 43, 625. 50 113, 330. 74 145 000. 00 233, 302. 00 396, 467. 62 300, 000. 00 232, 873. 50 217, 229. 45 108, 437. 09 (*■) 69, 781. 62 75, 015. 00 43, 563. 00 27, 756. 68 50, 000. 00 26, 286. 00 29, 583. 09 404, 423. 41 459, 767. 81 $40, 000. OO 8, 861. 67 (*) 8, 760. 00 19, 097. 08 36, 605. 00 142, 914. 00 99, 334. 90 44, 324. 25 36, lie. 77 41, 227. 63 176, 909. 10 200, 000. 00 284, 660. 97 200, 000. 00 116, 140. 42 272, 532. 46 137, 137. 91 (*) 20, 952. 41 59, 858. 00 26, 814. 36 15, 840. 39 61,554.97 (*) 23,071.48 379, 047. 67 388, 539. 62 10 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. BANK STATEMENT — continued. Capital. Deposits. Name. 1892. 1893. 1892. 1893. 5alt Lake City— Continued : $500, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 445, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 $500, 000 522, 000 441, 000 100, OOO 500, 000 158, 343 400, 000 200, 000 150, 000 (*) 200, 000 200, 000 (*) 200, 000 $1, 153, 200. 64 332, 785. 00 847, 408. 50 260, 209. 40 422, 948. 30 557, 886. 50 1, 033, 496. 24 1,330,980.05 161,220.65 $930, 000. 00 National Bank of the lietmblic 259,000.00 (*) 149,000.00 state Bank of Utiih 342,149.66 627, 555. 81 Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Co Salt Lake Valley Loan and Trust Co Utah Title Insurance and Tru.st Com- 1, 145, 370. 57 (t) (*) 1, 173, 405. 42 1, 200, 000. 00 333,500.44 330, 013. 11 290, 445. 24 600,000.00 trtah Commercial and Savings Bank T. R Jones & Co 234, 000. 00 • 200,000.00 225, 515. 14 Total 5, 910, 331. 50 5, 693, 643 11, 758, 728. 13 9, 237, 726. 00 '' No report. 1 Keceive no deposits. THE RAILROAD SYSTEM. The railroad system of Utah. Miles of line. Eoad. From— [ To— Gauge 4 feet 8i inches. Gauge 3 feet. JRio Grande ^^estern— 1 » 294.1 14.15 10.06 60.8 25.7 43.6 17.5 1.5 1.8 1.4 Bingham branch Bingham Junction Thistle Junction . . Mauti Mauti Sevier Railway (leased) Tintic Railway (leased) . SiWfiT-ni+.Tx tion. ' Pleasant Valley . . | Coal mine Bingham tramway 1 3 5 7 8 Total 470. 61 11 3 ■Central Pacific in Utab, Ogden main 157 line. Utah Central- Main line Salt Lake City . . do 6 Do Park Citv 31 Do i do Mill flroot 3 Total ' i Union Pacific- Main line in Utah Ogden Wyoming Do 1 do Friar.n 73 280 62 31 96.3 Salt Lake and "Western 1 Lehi City. . £cho and Park City ■ Echo Eureka Park Citv Utah and Northern Oeden 1 Idaho line Utah and Nevada Salt Lake City.... Nephi San Pet© Valley Manti Total ' 542.3 18 89 Great Salt Lake and Hot Springs Salt Lake City Farmington Grand total 1,187.91 140.3 1 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Street-railroad system. 11 Electric. I Steam Miles. Miles. Salt Lake 68 ' Ogden 10 ' Provo [ t Total 68 ( RAILROAD EXTENSIONS. During the past year 36 miles of uew road liave been constructed. This, added to our previous mileage, makes an aggregate of 1,327.94 miles now in operation within the Territory. MINING INDUSTRY. Statement of the min'n'al product of Utah for the year 1892. [TTuruished by J. E. Dooly, esq., cashier of Wells, Fargo & Co., Salt Lake City.] Germania Lead Works. .. Hauauer Smelter Mingo Smeltiug Co Daly Mining Co Ontario Silver Mining Co. Silver Reef District Other mines and placers . . Net product bars and base bullion Contents ores shipped Totals . Copper. Pounds. 357, 000 405, 000 333, lie 727, 500 1, 822, 616 1, 822, 616 Lead uure- tilled. Pounds. 12, 968, 400 12,930.000 16, 166, 854 2. 159, OOO 3, 327, 756 47, 552, 010 1, 590, 410 43, 565. 097 Silver in bars. Ounces. 740, 000 820, 195 25, 740 4.475 1, 590, 410 Silver in | basebul- i Gold in lion and 1 bars, ores. Ounces. 912, 000 903, 500 1, 292, 172 393, 800 893, 903 4, 395, 375 2, 983, 871 7, 379, 246 720 361 1,151 Gold in bullion and ores. Ounces. 6,172 5,675 11, 651 524 914 24, 836 12, 195 37, 031 EECAPITULATIOK. 1,822,616 pounds copper, at 5 cents per pound Si'inn'?J 91,117,107 pounds unrefined lead, at $55 per ton „'?„Moo„ 8,969,666 ounces fine silver, at$0.86| per ounce ''rio'o?^nn 38,182 ounces fine gold, at $20 per ounce ' °3. °*''- "0 Total export value 11,162,879.8 7 Computing the gold and silver at their mint valuation and other metals at their value at the seahoard it would increase the value of the product to $16,276,818.03. Comparative statement showing the quantity of silver and gold contained in baseiuUion and ores produced in Utah. Tear. 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1886 1886 1887 1888 1889 J 890 1891 1892 Total sil- ver pro- duced. Ounces. 4, 359, 703 4, 357, 328 3. 835, 047 3, 783, 566 5, 400, 191 6. 435, 444 4. 531, 763 5, 669, 488 5, 972, 689 5, 918, 842 6, 101, 737 6, 178, 855 7, 147, 651 8, 165, 586 8, 915, 223 8, 969, 656 Total gold produced. Ounces. 17, 325 15, 040 15, 932 8,020 7,958 9,039 6,991 5,530 8,903 10, 577 11, 387 13, 886 24, 975 33, 851 36, 160 38, 182 Silver in ores and base bul- lion. Ounces. 2, 102, 098 2, 108, 359 1, 797, 689 1, 403, 819 2, 643, 899 2, 581, 789 2, 351, 190 3,253,984 3, 189, 576 2, 838, 263 5, 049, 273 3, 982, 217 5, 270, 250 6, 082, 825 6, 616, 198 7, 379, 246 Gold in ores and base bul- lion. Per cent of total silver prod net. Ounces. 11, 035 10, 165 5,693 3,878 2,622 5,016 5,697 3,806 7,289 8,369 10, 714 12, 864 24, 236 29, 555 31,240 37, 031 48.2 48.3 46.8 37.1 48.9 47.3 51.8 57.4 63.4 47.9 65.7 64.4 73.7 74.4 74.2 82.2 Per cent of total gold prod- uct. 63.6 67.5 36.7 35.8 32.9 65.5 80 68.8 81.8 79.1 94 92.6 97 87.3 86.4 12 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Comparative statement of the raJue of lead bullion, including gold and silver necessarily produced in its manufacture west of the MisHouri Miver. [Compiled from the annual reports issued bv JohnJ. Valentine, president "Wells, Farge & Co., San i'rancisco.l Total value Total value of lead of pre- I bullion, in- Per cent Tear. cioiia met- eluding of entire als, inolud- g(dd and product. ing lead. silver con- 1 tents. 1878 $81 , 154, 622 .*14. 740. 581 18.1 1879 75, 349, 501 19, 234, 394 25.5 1880 80, 167, 936 28, 114, 594 35 84 504,417 30,253,430 35, 798, 750 35.8 1882 92, 411, 835 38.7 1883 90, 313, 612 84, 975, 954 90, 181, 260 103, 01!, 761 104, 645, 959 34, 810, 022 .38.5 1884 31, 191, 250 35, 781, 711 44, 635, 655 41, 595, 853 36.7 1885 39.6 1886 43.3 1887 39.7 1888 114,341,592 38, 004, 826 33.2 1889 129, 677, 836 42, 878, 063 33.5 1890 127, 166, 410 46, 852, 367 36.8 1891 118, 237, 441 39, 106, 677 33 One of our great and heretofore most pro.sperous industries has been metal mining, producing annually about $16,000,000. Owing to the low price of silver and lead some of our great mines that have paid regular dividends for years have ceased their payment. The working force has been reduced in some, while others have been closed entirely. A great many honest, thrifty, aiid industrious miners have been thrown out of employment. The depression in this great industry has injuri- ously affected all the various activities and interests of the Territory. Our people almost universally favor the maintenance of the parity of value between silver and gold and the coinage of both metals as money without discrimination against either. COMMBECIAL. The vexed and unsettled condition of the silver question has had a very unfavorable effect upon the commercial affairs of the Eocky Moun- tain States and Territorries. Many of the mines have shut down, the miners thrown out of employment, and business to a considerable extent crippled thereby. It is to be hoped that an early and favorable solution of the problem will result in a speedy resumption of our mills and mines and an increased activity in all branches of commerce. LABOR SUPPLY. We are well supplied with all classes of workmen, froin the ordinary laborer to the most skillful mechanic or artisan. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 13 Statement showing rate of wages for certain kinds of labor and hours employed. Month. Week. Day. Hours employed. Bricklayers $4. 50 to $5. 50 ' 2. 60 to 3. 00 3. 00 to 4.00 3. 50 to 4.00 8 aad 9 9 Blacksmiths 9 9 Brewers $70 9 $21 9 2. 76 to 3.00 g Clerks 60 to 100 10 Carpenters 3. 00 to 3. 60 9 Cooks and waiters 40 to 75 10 3. 50 to 4. 50 2. 25 to 3. 00 2. 25 to 2. 75 3. 00 to 3. 50 3. 00 to 3. 60 2. 00 to 2. 60 3. 00 to 3. 50 3. 50 to 4.00 8 Harneaa-makers 9 Iron molders 9 Lathers 9 8 9 8 9 21 to 25 18 to 25 9 9 4. 50 to 5.66 3. 00 to 3. 50 4.00 to 4.50 4. 00 to 4. 50 4. 50 to 5.60 4. 60 to 6.00 2.00 3. 60 to 4.00 9 9 8 8 1 8 8 9 . 8 15 to 20 20 to 25 10 3 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The population, business, and wealth of the Territory has increased so rapidly during the past few years that great inconvenience is expe- rienced from the want of public buildings for Federal offices in Salt Lake City and Ogden. The offices are scattered, in some instances very poor accommodations are provided for the transaction of the pub- lic business, and large sums are appropriated annually for the payment of rents. To this must be added the insecurity of the public records and papers and the liability of their destruction by fire at any time. I urgently recommend the passage of bills authorizing the erection of suitable buildings for the transaction of public business at the earliest moment consistent. OLD CAPITOL BUILDING. The old capitol building at Fillmore is of but little value and should be granted to the Territory to be disposed of for school or other public purposes. THE INDUSTRIAL HOME. This public institution has never had a successful career and seems to have been an unnecessary and almost unappreciated public burden. The building was vacated by the inmates and management during the month of June, 1893, and has been turned over to the Utah Commis- sion. The commissioners have taken possession of the premises and are using them for their offices, but the buildings are so constructed that they are suitable only for school, hospital or other similar pur- poses. Beside they are located so far from the center of business that n 14 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF T-TAH. they are not sufficiently convenient for the public. I therefore recom- mend that the entire property be granted to the Territory, to be devoted to some public use to be determined by the Territorial legislature. THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. The university, situated at Salt Lake City, has steadily increased in its popularity and usefulness. The legislature has been liberal in its appropriations to foster the institution, and the people are availing themselves of the increased educational advantages placed within their reach. The standard of the university has been materially advanced the past five years, and while the resulting consequences would neces- sarily be a falling off in the attendance there were enrolled on Sep- tember 1, 1893, 368 pupils. Satisfactory educational progress is being made, and in the near future we expect the university to be one of the leading institutions of learning in the far West. In this connection I desire to call attention to the fact that early in the settlement of the Territory the university site was fixed iu the city of Salt Lake. A beautiful square of 10 acres, in a quiet part of the city, was set apart for the purpose and the buildings erected thereon. Within the past few years, however, the population and business have increased and extended so rapidly that the university is now so near the lines of busi- ness and confusion that its removal to a quieter location where a larger tract of land can be secuied is much to be desired. I therefore recom- mend the early passage of the act now pending in Congress granting to the Territory a portion of the Fort Douglass military reservation for university purposes. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. This institution is located at Logan, about 90 miles north of Salt Lake City. It was created by act of the legislative assembly at the session of 1888. Since that time $180,000 have been appropriated by our legislature to erect suitable buildings and establish the necessary farms and experimental stations. Very rapid and satisfactory progress has been made and the attendance has been steadily increasing until it now numbers nearly 400. This college is a favorite with the people and is destined to do a great work in its sphere. REFORM SCHOOL. This worthy institution is located at Ogden, the second city of the Territory, 37 miles north of Salt Lake City. The legislative appro- priations have been ample to construct suitable school rooms, work shops, dormitories, etc., to accommodate 100 children, and all necessary educational and manual training are furnished the inmates. The grounds consist of about CO acres, which are under the highest state of cultivation in parks, orchards, etc. The institution is continually receiv- ing and discharging inmates, and much good is being accomplished at this home for the wayward. INSANE ASYLUM. This institution is situated at Provo, about 50 miles south of the capital. It is an institution that any of the States might well feel proud of, and is sufficient to care for our unfortunate insane in the wisest and REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 15- ™<^^* '■^'i"*ane manner. One hundred thousand dollars was appropri- ated by our legislature to maintain this home for the unfortunate dur- ing the years 1892 and 1893. THE PENITENTIARY. This institution is still under the control of the United States mar- shal. The new buildings recently constructed are a great improvement and were much needed. INDIANS. The Indians of the Territory are all quiet and peaceably disposed. The number upon the Uintah and Uncompahgre reservations is about 2,000, and the number of acres within the reservation aggregate about 4,000,000. The lands included within this reservation are some of the most fertile and well- watered lands within the Commonwealth. As the acreage per capita for the Indians is so unnecessarily large as to be entirely beyond reason, I have to recommend that early provision be made for the allotment in severalty of suitable quantities of such land to the Indians, and that the remainder of the lands be then thrown open to the public for settlement. I ought also to say that any further re- moval of the Indians from Colorado or elsewhere to this Territory, would be such a grave injustice and impediment to the progress of the Territory that it ought not to be considered, much less permitted. THE SCHOOL LANDS. These lands as a rule are unoccupied and unproductive and are of little value without irrigation. EDUCATIONAL. In addition to the educational facilities afforded by the Territorial University and Agricultural College, which are maintained by direct ap- propriations from the general fund by the Territorial legislature, there are paid into the public treasury general school taxes aggregating $360,000 per annum. This tax is apportioned according to the school population, by the Territorial superintendent of district schools, and is expended lor the support and maintenance of free public district schools throughout the Territory. In the two cities of Salt Lake and Ogden, during the past two years, more than $750,000 have been raised on bonds alone and expended in the erection of free public district schoolhouses. These buildings are of the most modern architecture, supplied with the very latest appliances, accommodate more than 7,000 children, and would be a credit to any city of the American con- tinent. Besides these, during the same period, hundreds of other cities, towns, and districts have expended large sums in the erection of modern school buildings, and when the scores of magnificent and costly colleges and academies, which have been built by the different churches, are taken into consideration, it is not speaking extravagantly to say that no State or Territory has better educational facilities than can be found in Utah. Heretofore the illiteracy of the Territory has been less than i per cent., and with such an increase in school buildings we have great hopes of very materially reducing this figure in the near future, and of standing foremost among the States. 16 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. AGEICULTTJKE. The agricultural lands of the public domain are being settled upon and titles taken therefor as rapidly as irrigation can be procured for the same. The expense of constructing canals is very heavy, and as title to the lands cannot be procured without conducting water upon the several subdivisions, it necessitates the formation of companies and the investment of large sums of money to convey the water upon the land. As capital is slow to invest in enterprises promising indefinite returns, the complete settlement of these lands will of necessity be protracted. The lands that are provided with suflcient water for irri- gation are being rapidly brought under a high state of cultivation, and our valleys are dotted with orchards and vineyards bearing the choicest fruits and yielding steady and satisfactory returns to the owners. FORESTS. There are no forests of importance in the Territory. The limited supply of timber growing on the sides of our mountains is of such a character as to be better adapted to railroad building, mining, and for fuel than for other purposes. UNDEVELOPED BBSOTJRCES. There are within the Territory mountains of the richest iron and cop- per ores, vast beds of coal, sulphur, and other valuable deposits, which only need the touch of capital and access to railways to bring into the market of the world untold hidden treasures. LEGISLATION. On the 6th of May, 1886, I iirst qualified as governor of the Terri- tory. At that time conditions were vastly different commercially, socially, and politically from those now existing. The enactment of and enforcement of the laws for the suppression of polygamy had pro- duced a feeling of intense bitterness. Strife and contention prevailed throughout the Territory. The Mormon and non-Mormon people held themselves separate and apart from each other as if they were of dif- ferent races. Each looked upon the other as enemies to the public good. I have noted with the most profound gratification a progressive and continuous improvement, and have witnessed the creation of a new era wherein our people unitedly and harmoniously are striving for the good of all. While the embers of the old'hate are occasionally revived into a feeble flame by the breath of bigotry or prejudice, peace prevails within our borders and our j^eople are happy. The sources of differ- ence, which have in the past divided and kept separate the two ele- ments of the community, Mormon and non-Mormon, viz., polygamy and the maintenance of a political party composed almost, if not entirely, of members of the Mormon Church, and, as contended by those oppos- ing it, dominated and controlled by its priesthood, happily no longer exists. The practice of polygamy has been abandoned by the church and people. Polygamous marriages are forbidden by the authorities of the church, and those who would contract such marriages now would subject themselves to excommunication from that body. The People's or Church party was formally disbanded by its constituted leaders more than two years ago, and its former adherents allied themselves REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 17 and have since acted with the two great national parties. So long as the Mormon Church authorities held an attitude of defiance to the laws I favored the strongest and most rigorous measures. Now that they and the people have yielded and conformed to the law and are doing all within their power to establish and maintain harmonious rela- tions with the people of the whole country, they should be encouraged,' if not by liberal and generous consideration, at least by fair and just treatment. A careful review of our past history and the situation locally confronting us imperatively demands, in my judgment, theenact- ment of two measures of relief, the repeal of the provision of the law of March 3, 1887, escheating the property of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and an act restoring the property to the church. By an act of Congress of March 3, 1887, the corporation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints was dissolved and the attorney-general directed to take the necessary proceedings to wind up the affairs of the corporation and escheat its real estate held in viola- tion of the act of July 1, 1862. In pursuance of the law of 1887 suit was brought in the supreme court of the Territory of Utah and a receiver was appointed to take possession of all the property of the church, real and personal, who still retains possession of the same. The value of the real iwoperty is about $285,000; that of the per- sonal property, about $450,000, making a total valuation of about $735,000. The supreme court of the Territory decreed that the personal prop- erty had been escheated to the United States, but on appeal to the Supreme Court ot the United States the decree of the lower court was so modified as to direct that the personal property should be devoted to some charitable use, lawful in its character, to be determined by a master appointed by the supreme court of the Territory. Subsequently the latter tribunal decided that the property should be vested in a trustee, to be appointed bj^ the court, and the proceeds of the fund de- voted to the support and aid of the poor of the church and to the building and repairing of its houses of worship. The United States appealed from this decision and the case is now pending in the Su- preme Court of the United States. Suit was brought to escheat all the real estate belonging to the church except the Temple Block in Salt Lake City, which has been set apart for church purposes under the provisions of the law. The supreme court of the Territory recently decided that the church had a vested interest in the tithing house and grounds and in the historian's office before the passage of the act of July 1, 1862, and that therefore these pieces of property were not subject to escheat, but that the resi- dence of the president of the church, the church farm, and an interest in some coal lands were escheated to the United States. These cases have also been appealed to the Supreme Court of th^ United States and are now pending there. The legislation above referred to was enacted for the express pur- pose of suppressing polygamy, and was justified alone upon the grounds that the property and funds would be used in the support and aid of that unlawful institution. The church has abandoned the practice of polygamy and no longer teaches it, or permits its members to enter into the relation. There is left neither reason nor excuse, in my judg- ment, for taking from the Mormon Church and people this property, and it ought to be restored to them. The courts should no longer be cumbered with the question of its disposal and the fund consumed in 8130 2 18 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. costs of litigation. The Mormon people, while undergoing the many hardships and deprivations of the pioneer frontier life through many weary years, by their voluntary subscriptions created this fund, and when it is beyond all question that it would be devoted to no unlawful purpose, but to commendable and charitable uses, it ought to be returned to them. Such fair and just action by Congress would give great satisfaction to the people of the Territory and eiicourage and strengthen the constantly growing sentiment of cordiality and good feeling among the people. I earnestly urge that Congress be recom- mended to promptly pass the desired relief, because " He gives twice who gives quickly." STATEHOOD FOR TJTAU. This Territory has been settled for almost a half century. The pio- neers came to the site of the present city of Salt Lake on July 24, 1847. Our state of probation has been long. Our schooling for statehood full and complete. As illustrative of our probationary period I quote as follows from an article on the subject of Statehood for Utah, by the Hon. G-eorge t^- Cannon, iu the May number of the Utah Monthly Mag- azine : "We are to-day passing into the fourth generation — n6t of time, "but of people — in Utah who have never known from practical observation what the glories of our free institutions in America mean. I hiive in mind the case of a man who came to Utah very soon after he had reached his majority. Almost his sole relation to the political affairs of the United States has been through the medium of Territorial government, which is merely a foriu of political slavery for the inhahitants. His son was born in Utah in 1848 or 1849 and has dwelt here all his days. That son's son was born in Utah in 1870. Aud that grandson's son is here to grow into boyhood and eventually into maturity if he shall live— without experiencing in himself one throb of the mighty exultation which comes to the free born, unless Utah shall receive her rights or unless he shall remove from kindred and home to iind a larger sphere for the exercise of ability and patriotism." We now have a poi)ulation of about 240,000. An assessed taxable valuation of $ 109,000,000. It is scar(;ely necessary to dilate upon or go into particulars as to Utah's population, wealth, stability, and material development entitling her to statehood. It is fully covered and established by the favorable reports made to the House of Representatives from its Committee on Territories at the lirst and second sessions of the late Congress, and indeed it is now con- ceded by all as indisputable. Our population is active, enterprising, industrious, and thrifty and will compare favorably in all the elements of good citizenshij) with any people. Our improvements, both public and private, are upon a liberal and generous scale, commensurate with our wealth and ability. Educa- tional and school advantages are good and constantly being improved. We have an enhghtened, well ordered, strong, self-sustaining com- munity, enjoying all the advantages and comforts of modern cultiva- tion and civilization. I suppose it will not be disputed, but for the teaching and practice of polygamy, and as contended, the existence and rule of a political party in the Territory under the direction and control of the Mormon church and its priesthood, Utah would long ago have become a sov- ereign State. As hereinbefore stated the practice of polygamy has been absolutely abandoned. The People's or Mormon Church party has been dissolved and no longer has either an organization or mem- bership. The highest authorities of the Mormon Church, their chief men and leaders, upon all proper occasions have publicly denied that REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTiiH. 19 they claim the right to, or do, or will attempt to exercise any church influence or power to control the political action of its members. It would seem that with the removal of the only causes heretofore hindering and obstructing admission, and a constant increase in popu- lation, wealth, and development of the Territory, that none should now be found to oppose Utah's entering the Union. It is true, however, that a smaU minority continue to interpose objections to the conferring of this great boon upon theTerritory. Those composing it found their opposition upon a doubt as to the sincerity of the Mormon people in the action they have taken toward the settle- ment of the old questions of disturbance. Compelled to admit the actual occuri'ences which have taken place within their own knowledge, they take counsel of their prejudice and fears, and deny to the Mormon people the common justice of being judged according to their declara- tions and deeds, ascribing to them motives and purposes which they expressly disclaim. It affords me pleasure, however, to be able to state that this class is constantly growing less and its numbers rapidly decreasing. Many of those who have opposed in the past all movements looking to Utah's admission have abandoned their opposition and now heartily favor it, and give their earnest support to the present move&ent. I know of no people who, in their prepartion for statehood, have been confronted with as delicate and grave questions and as radical differ- ences, requiring the cultivation and exercise of the highest public qualities, yet the responsibility has been met with patience and for- bearance, and i)ur people, after years of earnest effort, have peacefully solved their difficulties and satisfactorily settled their differences. The salutary lessons inculcated in the school of actual experience have admirably trained and fitted them for the duties and responsibilities of a State government. Being aware of the great amount of business that will be brought before Congress, and that much legislation which would otherwise receive favorable action must necessarily be deferred in consequence of lack of time for consideration, I have purposely refrained from suggesting other necessary and desirable measures of legislation and confined myself to ui-ging the prompt and favorable action upon the two suggested in view of their overwhelming importance and the benefits to accrue from their enactment into law. I sincerely trust, Mr. Secretary, that you may find it in consonance with your views to recommend their early and favorable consideration. Very respectfally, your obedient servant, Caleb W. West. Hon. Hoke Smith, Secretary of the Interior. OLIf^ dT %1 EEPORT U?3 1?^ ■ OFTHJt GOVERNOR OF THE TERRITORY OF UTAH TO TiliC SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 9 4.. WASHDiraTOlf: . OOVEBNMEIfT PEINTINO OFFICE. rbwwww-^ww 1894. — www^ ^ . ^ ■ ^ . .ww^ ww^ JJ REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE TERRITORY OF UTAH TO THE SEOEETAEY OF THE INTERIOE. 18 9 4. WASHIl^GTON: GOVEENMENT FEINTING OFFICE. 1894. REPORT THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Salt Lake City, October 16, 1894. SiE: I have the honor to submit the following annual report for the year 1894: POPULATION. County. Census re- port, 1890. Estimated population, 1894. County. Census re- port, 1890. Estimated population, 1894. Beaver., Boxelder Cache .t. Davis . - . Emery . - Garfield. Grand.. - Iron Juab Kane — Millard . Morgan . Piute Eioh .... 3,340 7,642 15, 599 6,469 4,866 2,457 541 2,683 5, 582 1,685 4,033 1,780 2,842 1,627 3,727 8,295 17, 955 6,993 7,350 3,696 790 2,913 6,610 1,968 4,262 1,974 2,467 1,732 Salt Late... San Juan — Sanpete Sevier •Summit Tooele Uintali Utah Wasatch - . . "Washington "Wayne "Weber Total.., 58, 467 365 13, 146 6,] 99 7,733 3,700 2,292 23, 416 4,627 4,009 642 23, 005 207, 905 70, 350 500 15, 855 7,833 8,926 4,305. 3,832 29, 925 6,092 4,620 1,050 29, 925 252, 834 UNITED STATES LA^D OFFICE. JStafement of the business of the U. S. land office at Salt Lake City, Utah, for the fiscal near ending June SO, 1894. Kind of entry. - .^jiediately directing the U. S. maj-slial to execute the order of the court heretofore made and I am satisfied from the situation that it can be executed without violence or s'erious trouble. Very respectfully, Caleb W. West. REPORT OF GOVERNOR OF TERRITORY OP UTAH. 19 The defendant company was again brought before the court upon application for an amendment to the interlocutory decree rendered on: April 9, and hereinbefore set forth, and the following order was made IN THE DISTRICT COUKT OP THE FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT 01? THE TERRITORY OF UTAH, IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OP WEBER. [Territory of Utahj county of Weber, and Ogden City, plaintiffs, v. Southern Pacific Company and S. W. Knapp, defendants. — Amendment to interlocutory order.] Application having been made to the said court by the said plaintiffs for the amendment hereinafter specially set forth to the interlocutory decree heretofore ren- dered herein on April 9, 1894, and the said matter coming on regularly to be heard this date, the said plaintiffs being represented in court by their counsel, and the said defendants being represented in court by their attorneys, Marshall and Eoyle, and evidence and afiBdavit having been duly introduced in this cause and considered, and the court being duly advised in the premises, and also deeming it necessary that the said amendment should be added to the said decree ; Now, therefore, it is hereby ordered, adjudged, and decreed that there be added to the said interlocutory decree entered in this action on April 9, 1894, as an amend- ment thereof, the following, to wit : "And in the event that the said defendants, their agents, servants, and employes, fail to execute this writ of injunction by 10 o'clock a. m. of April 12, 1894, thenandin that event the proper offlceraof this court, to wit, the sheriff of Weber County, Utah Territory, and the U. S. marshal of Utah Territory, are directed to take such steps as may be necessary and proper to fully execute and carry into effect the foregoing matters and things directed to be performed and done by the said defendants, and prohibit the said defendants from the further commission of the wrongs mentioned in plaintiffs' complaint in this action." Done in open court this April 11, 1894. James A. Miner, Judge, The Southern Pacific Company was given by the court until 10 o'clock a. m. of the next day, April 12, to obey and carry out the order of the court, and upon its failure to do so the proper officers were empowered and directed to enforce its decree. It will be observed that the issue joined was whether the State of California, its authorities. State, county, or municipal, could organize or encourage and aid the organization of its dependent paupers, crim- inals, and idle, dissolute classes, and with the assistance, connivance, and cooperation of the Southern Pacific Company, crowd them into stock cars as if they were cattle, swine, or sheep; without adequate clothing for protection from the severe inclemency of the early spring, without money, food, medical attendance, or supplies, transport them beyond their borders, through the State of Nevada, to the end of their line, into the distant Territory of Utah, and there dump them with impunity as a charge and burden upon the latter, without liability upon the part of the carrier knowingly doing it or the party procuring it to be done. The decision of our courts was in accordance with the fundamental principles that every community must accept the care and burden of its own dependent pauper and criminal class.es, and that it has the inherent right to protect itself from having such imposed upon it by others. The political agitators 'and demagogues, both at Ogden and Salt Lake City, taking advantage of the time consumed in the hear- ing before the court, busied themselves with much success in fomenting discontent among the unemployed, creating sympathy for our uninvited and unwelcome guests, and arousing the fears of many that a conflict might be precipitated. Yielding to the conditions thus created, some of those who had been the most stanch and earnest in advocating the 20 EEPORT OF GOVERNOR OF TERRITORY OF UTAH. maintenance of the integrity of the Territory and the supremacy of its laws weakened and made couimon cause with those who had at all times been in sympathy with the objects and purposes of the army and had given it aid and encouragement. The court by its last order having conferred upon its ofiicers the power to enforce its decree, a concerted movement was at once undertaken by its sympathizers to put the army without the jurisdiction of the court before the time in which the officers were empowered to act. Money and supplies were raised for the army, and it was arranged that an empty train of Union Pacific box cars sliould be sent to receive it at Uintah Station, a few miles outside of Ogden. At 4 o'clock of the afternoon of the day when the amended decree was entered, the army marched out of Ogden guarded by the troops, and were so guarded and kept in a body until they passed our eastern border. Pursuant to the arrangement, at about 1 o'clock on the morn- ing of the 12th of Apiil the army took possession of an empty train of Union Pacific cars at Uintah and were carried out of the Territory. This army was organized for the avowed purpose of marching to "Washington to join other similar organizations in influencing the legis- lation of Congress, and demanding of it the enactment of measures which it was claimed would give relief to the labor and working classes, yet the army made no provision for its own support, but became a heavy burden and tax upon every community into which it entered. In idleness it ate the bread that was produced by the sore toil of many, while numbers of worthy, willing workers would have gladly exchanged the sweat of their labor for it. The lamentable failure of the "indus- trial armies " to accomplish any good is well known. The press dispatches announce that Kelly, the organizer and com- mander of the one with which we had to do, has returned to California and is now mustering another army for a similar campaign next spring. The expenses imposed upon the Territory and its citizens for the main- tenance of Kelly and his men, and incident thereto, amount in round figures to about $3,000. The county of Weber has already instituted an action against the Southern Pacific Company to recover the amount of its expenditure, and unless the Territory is reimbursed for its outlay an action on its behalf will be instituted against the company. Not the least of the bad effects attending the presence of the Kelly army was its demoralizing influence upon our own citizens. Owing to thebusiness depression during the winter there were congregated in our two larger cities great numbers without employment, and the charitably disposed of Salt Lake City and Ogden had been taxed to the uttermost to relieve the deserving poor, and without being fully able to do so. The situation was propitious, and the demagogues, political tricksters, and aiders and abettors of the Kelly movement availed themselves of it, and, through agitators whom they controlled, succeeded in enlisting here an army of between three and four hundred men. 1 regret ex- ceedingly that some o^our people, whom from their character and stand- ing better things might have been expected, actuated by the same spirit of selfishness characterizing their fellows in California, were willing to relieve themselves of an undesirable burden even at the expense of unjustly placing it upon others. They countenanced, encouraged,* and gave substantial aid to the movement. The railroad companies refused to transport this army Bast. After remaining sometime in camp here for preparation, drawing upon the community for supplies, it turned its face toward and marched REPORT OF GOVERNOR OF TERRITORY OF UTAH. 21 slowly east, on the line of the Eio Grande Western road, bound for Colorado. The army captured and took possession of a Union Pacific train, run it onto the track of the Eio Grande Western road and embarked upon it for the East. The train was run by them as far as Provo, where it was derailed. Tet the train was still held by the army, and it refused to surrender it to the ofi&cers of the road. Warrants had been procured for the arrest of the leaders of the army, but they would not recognize the process of the court and defied arrest. Thirty armed deputy U. S. marshals were sent to aid the sheriff and placed the whole army within limits and under guard until a requisition could be made upon the Governor for assistance and the presence of the militia secured. The sheriff having made the proper demand for troops, two com- panies of infantry and a detachment of Battery A was sent to him to aid in the execution of the process of the court. Upon the arrival of the soldiers they were placed in position to command the camp of the industrials. The ofiScers holding the warrants were instructed to enter the camp and arrest all for whom they had warrants, which they promptly did. The arrested parties were given a speedy hearing, and the chief offenders, including the general and his principal officers, convicted, fined, and imprisoned in the penitentiary. In small bodies of stragglers this army made its way through the Territory, beating its way upon freight trains into Colorado, where it was finally dis- banded, and none, so far as I know of, marched to Washington. Honest, industrious laborers, of whatever calling, are entitled to and receive the respect of all right-minded people. Upon their content- ment and prosperity rests the welfare and safety of the State. Their rights should be secured and jealously guarded by the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of the Government. Those, however, masking under the garb of labor, who desert its honorable ranks to live in idleness, prey upon the community by unlawfully banding themselves together, and by strength of numbers enforcing ijivoluntary contribu- tion for their subsistence from the communities they enter, are a con- stant menace to the safety of society and all good government, and should be rigorously dealt with and promptly suppressed. STATEHOOD. Great joy has been brought to the people of Utah by the passing of the enabling act for our admission into the Union as a sovereign State. While the changes in our social and political conditions have been rapid, they have nevertheless been complete, and no voice is now heard in opposition to statehood. All political parties and people concede the justice of it and are now working unitedly for the building up of the new commonwealth. Under the State government we confi- dently anticipate an influx of population sufficient to strengthen our cities, cultivate our valleys, and as soon as the Indian reservations are thrown open for settlement, to completely transform them into pro- ductive gardens and fields, thrifty villages and towns. With the immigration bound to follow statehood, millions of dollars will seek safe and profitable investment here in iron works, mills, foun- dries, factories, and various manufacturing and commercial enterprises which only require the assurance of an unchanging government and stable laws to insure their employment in those activities. Our metal and coal mining will also receive an impetus that will necessitate the 22 REPORT OP GOVERNOR OF TERRITORY OF UTAH. building and extension of railroads to new and undeveloped portions of the commonwealth. The future seems full of promise for the new State, and with our undeveloped resources added to what are now visi- ble, we may safely rely upon having one of the wealthiest, most stable, and prosperous States in the American Union. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, The Secretary op the Interior, Washington, B, C. Caleb W. West. REPORT OF THE GOVEMOR OF THE TeRRITOEY OF UtAH SEORETAEY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 9 5 WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING- OFFICE. 1895. REPORT Governor of the Territory of Utah SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 18 9 5 WASHINGTON: OOVEENMENT PEINTINe OPPICE. 1895. R E P O R T THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Salt Lake City, September 24, 1895. Sib: I have the honor to submit my annual report for the year 1895 POPULATION. Counties. Beaver Boxelder Caclie Oarbona Davis Emeiv Garfield Grand Iron Juab Kane MiUard Morgan Piute Rich Salt Lake San Juan Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele Uinta Utah Wasatch "Washington- Wayne& Weber Censiis 1890. Terri- torial cen- sus 1895- 751 076 4.57 541 083 582 685 033 78(1 842 527 ! 457 : 365 146 199 733 700 762 768 595 009 i 22, 723 3, 791 8, 331 18, 286 3,696 7,480 4,390 2,888 891 3,123 6,466 1,908 5,375 2,261 1,727 1,781 68, 182 500 15, 538 7, 893 9,631 4,428 3,967 29, 229 4,408 4,619 1,520 25, 015 Total 207, 905 I 247, 324 Males- 2,110 4,329 9,146 2,316 3,773 2,308 1,512 605 1,640 3,535 970 2,833 1,170 918 931 33, 855 288 7,847 4, 042 5,344 2,481 2,130 14, 780 2,264 2,262 795 12, 719 Females, 1,681 Native. 3,072 Foreign born. 719 4,002 6,57] 1,760 9,l40 13, 893 4,393 1,380 2,117 1,579 3,707 6,307 1,173 2, 082 3,770 620 1,376 2,704 184 286 789 102 1,583 2,676 447 2,931 4,985 1,481 958 1,791 117 2,542 4,558 817 1,091 1,833 428 809 1,521 206 850 1,498 283 34, 327 51, 007 17, 175 212 468 32 White. 7,691 3,851 4,287 1,947 1,837 14,449 2,144 2,357 725 12.296 11, 774 . 6,360 1 6,994 ' 3,415 \ .^,715 I 23,824 3, 637 4,212 1,437 19,897 3,764 1, 533 ; 2, 637 I 1,013 252 ! 5,405 ; 771 407 I 83 I 5, 118 3,781 8,206 18, 262 3,649 7,480 4,359 2,886 8,59 3,104 6,455 1,908 5, 375 2,261 1,727 1,776 67, 622 499 15, 538 7,893 9, 624 4,302 3,961 29, 223 4,405 4,617 1,520 24, 793 126, 803 120,521 I 191,826 52,499 245,985 571 Col- ored. Chi- 8 125 2 47 81 2 32 X9 10 1 295 I IS 114 1 4 265 94 12 5 3 768 a Organized iu 1894 from part of Emery County. 6 Organized in 1892 from part of Piute County. The statistics of population, which it should be stated were collected during the months of February and March, 1895, by a house-to-house canvass, is probably the most accurate census ever taken in the Terri- tory, and contains much interesting data. The increase of population between 1880 and 1890 was 44.4 per cent, between 1890 and 1895, 14.15 percent, and yet the gain iu population during the past five years has been at a much higher ratio, as compared with the population of 1880, than was the gain during the decade ending 1890. The gain between 1880 and 1890 was, as has been stated, 44.4 per cent. The gain between 1890 and 1895, as compared witih the same basis of calculation, was 27.4 per cent. In other words, the average annual gain between 1880 and 1890 was 6,394 ; the same between 1890 and 1895 was 7,884. ' 3 4 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. In each 1,000 inhabitants we have 513 males and 487 females; 788 native and 212 foreign born ; 995 whites to 5 colored and Chinese. KEAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY AND IxMPROVEMENTS, 1895. Slatemeni shonnng the aasesseel valuation of real and personal property and improvements in the several counties for 1895. Counties. Beavar Boxelder Cache Carbon JDavis Emerv Gartield Oranda Iron... Juab Kane Millard Morgan Piute Rich Salt Late. - . San Juan a . . Sanpeto Sevier 'Summit Tooele a Tltali Uintah W asatch Wayne a Washington. Weber Kealty. Improvements. $307, 1, 392, 2, 848, 202, 1, 655, 264. 98, 46, 330. 635. 95, 307, 274, 136. 428. 24, 029, 3, 1, 521, 576, 1, 074, 459, 3, 903, 260, 443, 69, 295, 7, 126, 769. 00 233. 00 336. U(l 330. 00 433. 00 349. 00 825. 00 657. 00 468. 00 937. 00 933. 00 210.00 070. 00 480. 00 789. 00 871. on 000. 00 788. 00 733. 00 548. 00 435. 00 345. 00 009. 00 440.00 790. 00 380. 00 645. 00 $237, 346, 942, 144, 535, 108, 114, 26, 156, 673, 119, 152, 125. 54, 74. 8, 582, 20, 715, 290, 883, 234, 2, 018, 121, 219, 42. 256. 2, 966, 322. CO 260. 00 935. 00 519.00 890. 00 274. 00 430. 00 110.00 675. 00 537. 00 871.00 519.00 810. 00 021.00 539. 00 970. 00 595. 00 457. 00 725. 00 351.00 388. 00 640. 00 860. 00 540. 00 065 00 110.00 285. 00 Personalty. Bailroads. etc. 390, 740, 300, 295, 218. 260, 135, 281, 375, 210, 384, 118, 179, 213. 6, 041, 241, 974, 615, 914, 462, 1,324, 248, 186, 117, 344, 1, 442, 390. 00 934. 00 427. 00 215.00 028. 00 302. 00 443.00 I 946.00 1 404. 00 I 333.00 768.00 476.00 050.00 285.00 504.00 672. 00 247.00 467. 00 839.00 939.00 , 620. 00 5.50.00 072.00 540.00 630.00 695.00 1 695. 00 $180,832.00 1. 816, 474. 00 407, 786. 00 391, 708. 00 677, 542. 00 463, 159. 00 (i) 029,233.00 444.00 538,338.00 ] 6 27.00 I 462. 728. 87 ' 244,509.00 (i) (6) 2,011,377.00 (b) 462,591.00 37,811.00 642,538.00 214,561.00 1,839,229.00 920.00 233. 00 (6) 683.00 864,490.00 Total. $1,018, 3, 946, 4, 939, 1, 038, 3, 063, 1, 054, 473, 837, 768, 2, 223, 426, 1, 306, 762, 369. 716, 40. 665, 264, 3,671. 1,421, 3,515, 1, 371, 9, 085, 630, 849, 219, 898, 12, 400, 303. 00 901. 00 484.00 772.00 893. 00 U84. 00 698. 00 946. 00 991. 00 145. 00 699. 00 933. 87 439. 00 786. 00 832. 00 890. 00 842.00 303. 00 108 00 376. 00 000.0.0 764.00 941. 00 753.00 485. 00 768.00 116. 00 Total 48,778,893.00 20,164,688.00 17,211,377.00' 11,787,193.87 1 97,942, 161.«7 a These counties have been notified of the intention of the board of equalization to raise their val- uations as follows : Grand, San J uan, and Wayne, on cattle ; Tooele and San Juan, on sheep. If these raises are made it will increase the total valuation of the Territory $84,297.12. b There are no railroads, etc., in these counties. REVENUE, TERRITORIAL AND DISTRICT SCHOOL TAX. Statement of the rei^envefrom the tax levy for the years 189S and 1894 for territorial and district school purposes. [The territorial tax is 2 raiUs; tlie school tax is 3 mills.] Beaver . . . Boxelder . Cache Carbon . . - Davis Emery . . . Garfield . . Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard... Morgan . . Pinte Eieh Territoi'ial and school tax. $6, 104. 50 21,046.49 31,008.18 I 18, 196. 83 10,204.06 1,781.16 5, 827. 82 4, 086. 28 12, 139. 14 3, 662. 60 6, 682. 28 4, 232. 92 1, 480. 25 2, 689. 85 $5, 421. 68 20, 765. 13 26, 278. 84 4, 444. 58 15,394.18 6, 131. 59 1,943.17 4, 649. 30 3, 732. 02 10, 369. 07 2, 770. 43 6. 091. 76 3, 647. 35 1, 400. 67 3, 798. 45 Counties. Territorial and school tax. -1- Salt Lake j $242, 339. 27 Sanjuau 1,901.60 Sanpete 22,148.00 Sevier 6. 943. .50 Summit 20,786.48 Tooele [ 9, 049. 01 Uintah ' 2,889.41 Utah I 46, 515. 55 Wasatch | 6,632.94 Washington 4,665.25 Wayne 1.379.16 Wober 83,281.68 Total 676,674.21 I 1894. $206,813.25 1, 302. 32 18, 438. 05 6, 299. 27 17,249.83 6. 903. 92 3, 028. 88 44, 034. 81 4, 668. 88 4. 679. 65 1, 257. 37 68, 006. 16 497,516.21 REPOKT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 5 Statement showing the reueniie for each year since 185S, and the total assessed valne of property. Tear. 1854 1855 1866 1857 1858 1859 186U 1861 1802 1863 1864 1865 isee 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 Value of prop- erty assessed. (a) $3, 469, 770. 00 2,937,977.00 2, 578, 486. GO (a) 3, 982. 869. 00 4, 673, 900. 00 5, 033, 184. 00 4,779,518.00 548, 200. 00 6, 696, 004. 00 9, 453, 930. 00 10, 467, 796. 00 10, 647. 826. UO 10, 533, 872. 00 11, 393, 606. 00 13, 455, 636. 00 15, 265, 424. 00 17, 500, 560. 00 21, 548, 348. 00 (a) Tear. 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 Territorial and school tax. .$58, 222. 95 50, 020. 11 56, 384. 15 146, 903. 77 149,9)0.43 151, 335. 24 153, 495. 40 174, 483. 93 185, 006. 55 203. 549. 64 208, 931. 72 214, 105. 93 227, 361. 48 282, 636. 61 305, 016. 14 543,061.08 618, 685. 19 596, 790. 49 575, 574. 21 497, 516. 21 Value of prop- erty assessed. $23, 289, 33, 608. 22, 553, 24, 483, 24,985, 25, 222, 25, 579, 29. 080, 40, 834, 33, 924, 34,861, 36, 684, 37, 893, 46, 868, 49, 883, 108, 612, 123, 737, 119, 858, 115, 114, 99, 503, 180.00 064. 00 660. 00 957. 00 072. 00 640. 00 234. 00 650. 00 426. 00 942.00 957. 00 322.00 580. 00 247. 00 690. 00 216.00 042. 00 098. 00 842. 00 243. 40 a No data. PRIVATE AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC WORKS. Statement showing the amount expended on private and puilie buildings and also for public works for the year 1894. Counties. Private buildings. Beaver - . Boxelder. Cache . . . Carbon . . Davis Emery . . . Garlieid - Grand Iron Jnab Kane Millard - - . Morgan - . Kloh $64, 685 26, 725 67, 843 14, 797 92, 863 22, 179 21, 278 13, 095 (a) 10, 000 6,930 36, 610 8,532 9,042 Public buildings. $750 15, 300 1, 200 1,150 4,778 3,670 14, 500 300 51, 050 Public works. 1,625 1,325 4,511 1,100 1,626 1, 830 12, 384 5,100 5,750 Counties. Salt Lake San Juan Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele Uintah Utah "Wasatch "Washington "Weber Total Private buildings. $412, 4, 48, 26, 19, 47, 21, 75, 30, 22. 155, 1, 358, 219 Public buildings. $632, 150 3,000 3,437 8,850 "35,' 250 (o) 6,483 480 "ii7,'396' 899, 738 Pul)lio works. f41 1,886 ii'iso 3, 500 6,775 2,175 (a) 91, 990 564, 957 a Not reported. UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE. Statement of the business of the United States land office at Salt Lale City, Utah, for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1895. Kind of entry. Cash entries (exclusive of area in commuted homestead and timber- culture entries) Mineral applications Mineral entries Adverse mining claims ; Deaert-land applications Desert-land final entries ■ Homestead entries IB'inal homestead entries ■ Final timber-culture entries Coal filings Aailroad seleetions - Testimony fees Num- ber. 81 30 54 9 261 69 612 206 9 45 3 Acres. 316. 66 752 1, 041. 78 37, 937. 52 10,974.09 87, 910. 94 29, 855. 24 879. 63 7,120 55, 845. 76 Amount. $6, 420. 53 300. 00 4,677.85 90.00 9, 485. 21 10, 599. 89 9, 328. 87 1, 364. 76 36.00 135. 00 726. 00 436. 58 Total ; 1,379 : 232,633.62 43,500.68 6 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. SURVEYED LANDS. The total amount of land surveyed in Utah during the fiscal year ending June .'30, 1895, is 440,083.49 acres. The total number of mining claims surveyed is 185. SETTLEMENT OF PUBLIC LANDS. Statement sliowiiii/ the disposition and settlement of public lands in Utah Territory and the total business of the land office at Salt Lalce City from the time of its opening, in March, 1869, to the end of the fiscal year ending June SO, 1894. Cash entries MiDeral entries Mineral applications Desert apijlications Desert tinal entries Homestead entries Homestead final entries Timber-culture entries Timber-culture final entries Adverse mining claims Preemptiou iilings Coal filings Coal cash entries Union Pacific and Central P95 3,167 1,000 5,175 55 150 2,304 i>90 5, .384 1,718 8,653 6,999 1,400 Wine manufac. tured in 1894. Gallons. 1,225 718 526 100 3,831 50 319 274 1,900 258 7,312 29, 333 500 900 47, 246 Value. a $980 o574 a 421 100 3,147 28 319 137 1,558 200 6,933 14, 607 840 900 30, 744 a Estimated at 80 cents per gallon. b Estimated at 3 cents per pound. 16 EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. SMALL FEUITS. Showing acreage, product, and value of small fruits, including ctirranta, cherries, etc., in 1S94. Counties. Beaver Boxelder Cache XJaTis Emery (iarfleld Grand Iron Juab l^ane Millard Morgan SaltXake Sanpete Summit Tooele Uinta "Utah "Washington . Weher Total . Acreage in 1894. 10 120 (a) Product in pounds. 747 2,215 44,560 110, 537 6,000 24,840 74, 069 43 10, 600 16, 223 195, 785 3,48S 131, 060 618, 317 Product in bushels. 75 204 520 19 334 60 226 2,151 658 383 3,665 12,253 $140 985 7,200 7,131 '51 520 19 715 «0 1,242 4^ 8,304 669 400 420 1,600 19,285 3^ 12,777 62.444 a Acreage reported: "422 acres small fruits, all kinds." DRIED FRUITS. APPLKS, PEACHES, APEICOTS, PLUMS, AND PEARS. 6 Acreage not reported. Counties. Apples. Peaches. Pounds. Apricots. Plums. Pears. Beaver Pounds. 2,730 2,405 29, 001 8,114 150 1,110 810 6,872 17, 391 330 IB, 206 15, 040 Pounds. Pounds. 95 1, 469 10,895 12, 146 50 141, 685 107 540 200 5,272 5,224 350 121 3,350 28,894, 5,880 150 21, 930 PovMds. 25 Boxelder 10, 995 318 13, 913 100 225 19, 935 540 850. 240 17, 518 3,891 13, 460 372 Cache Davis 1,928 50 100 Emery Garfield Grand 226 Iron ifuab 100 S6 80 116 902 Kane '. (Millard , 125 1,608 300 SaltLake San Juan Sanpete 7,126 19, 955 129, 742 16, 133 Tooele 40,840, 67, 811 166,980 975 17,755 4,600 24,698 11, 702 80 1,951 500 Utah Wayne Weber 34, 025 4,750 2,000 Total 337,140 375, 446 60,358 97, 499 5,879 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. SUNDRY PRODUCTS. CIDER, VINEGAR, SORGHUM, BUTTER, CHEESE, HIVES OF BEES, AND IIOSEY. 17 Counties. Cider. Vinegar. Sorghum. Butter. Cheese. Hives of bees. Honey. Beaver Gallons, 245 250 2,763 Gallons. 302 370 2,706 Gallons. Pounds. 67, 075 94, 140 5U9, 329 26, 418 l(i2, 424 62, 745 23, 627 18, 055 33, 514 58, 461 16, 220 93, 261 31,036 23, 600 54, 393 299, 662 5,255 212, 532 98, 800 169,535 128, 680 45, 634 625, 329 119, 720 35, 932 19, 239 408, 086 rounds. 1,556 11,007 492, 798 Number. 31 500 2,993 426 2,173 1,367 68 450 974 942 203 504 296 57 10 1,544 52 2,159 1,860 Pounds. 1,450 .16,376 67, 908 Boxelder Cache Carbon 2,722 3,854 Davis i Emery 1,165 2,667 277 181 580 166 1,022 275 991 8,412 395 118 243 1,414 721 37, 769 25, 690 107 655 Garfield 18 3, 769 17, 500 49, 931 31, 045 1,080 14, 037 2,685 1 390 Iron 245 1,128 28, 720 346 2,720 73, 492 35, 146 60, 352 3,059 3,965 Jnab 14, 059 580 11,095 MiUard 2.543 Piute Eich 18 8,895 Salt Lake 14, 175 3,815 385 74 73 240 San Juan 5,300 81, 220 186, 000 Saupete Sevier 1,291 1,387 8,180 22, 000 12, 374 515 75 10, 555 1.205 1.000 10, 940 838 Tooele 450 560 523 7,483 1,604 198 12, 834 409 1,779 6,385 151 593 166 2,375 27, 780 74, 037 221, 212 10, 200 36, 925 "Wasatcli 25 333 403 8,910 18, 898 3,935 6,980 4,775 40,885 Weber 7,875 Total 69, 098 31, 049 90, 201 3, 441, 732 820, 747 28, 517 MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS. NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED. Statement showing acreage, total weight and value of product, and a/mount sold in 1894 Beaver Boxelder Cache Davis Emery Oarfield Grand Iron' Juab Kane MiUard Salt Lake — Sanpete Tooele Uinta Utah Wasatch Washington . Wayne Weber Counties. Total . Acreage in 1894. 179 124 8.34 572 14 10 84 700 20 279 171 (a) 32 2 731 27 180 4,801 Total product. Tons. 201. 19 835. 85 434. 48 2, 540. 3 10.5 1 43 3.23 93 3.61 698. 16 295. 81 (o) 225.4 8 9 499! 96 16) 6.5 4,611 10, 506 Value of product. 6,835 6,195 25, 688 256 1,514 3,785 129 5,975 374 6,500 10, 483 1,835 4,367 390 24,231 3,030 13, 987 65 53, 780 177, 792 Amount sold. Tons. 20 301.3 76.66 1, 216. 8 26.25 .25 43.78 17.07 105. 25 .65 1.04 1, 643. a 3,452 a Acreage and total product not reported, b Not reported. 4902- 18 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. LIVE STOCK. Showinfi numJier of milch cows and other cattle, horses, swine over six asses, and goats, reported Januari/ 1, 1S9J. months old, mules, Counties. Boxelder Cache . . . Carbon . . Davis ... Emery .. Garfield ^ 2,567 Grand. Iron... Juab . . Kane. Milcli cows. 1 1,727 974 553 Millard i 2,282 993 1,306 1,369 4,621 186 4,638 2,563 3,039 1,267 1,427 7,440 1,682 1,151 960 4,062 Morgan . Piute Pdcb Salt Lake — San Juan Sanpete Sepier Summit Tooele Umta Utah Wasatch "Washington. "Wayne ■Weber Total. Other cattle. 1,459 1,985 7,194 621 2,462 1,736 : 60, 695 12, 878 8,252 9,824 6,369 3,376 4,234 7,320 15,516 6,255 5,966 15, 231 22, 431 2,838 3, 306 9,757 2,969 23, 676 11, 260 7,447 6,817 3, 306 4,169 19,816 4,941 15, 700 2,660 3,770 Horses. 238, 974 hwme over six months old. 2,937 4,292 8,888 973 3, 571 2,829 2,801 1,638 2,398 2,778 2,793 7,736 1, 189 1,361 2,767 5,371 1,674 5,863 4, 032 3,189 3,874 3,989 11, 077 2,948 2,615 1,719 4,663 99. 895 665 043 633 249 239 660 808 273 668 255 279 646 796 267 609 989 137 238 430 160 744 644 373 046 761 625 566 Asses. Goats. 71 [ 23 39 ] 64 , 34 23 ! 37 28 I 90 31 61 72 16 172 34 27 147 ' 30 90 36 6 21 14 29 23 151 16 43 7 323 47, 703 I 1, 3 1 15 1 770 139 1,450 9 12 27 35 31 15 425 1 9 7 SHEEP AND WOOL. Showing the nvmler and value of sheep, with the amount and value of wool produced in 1894, together with the average value of wool in 189S and 1S94. Counties. Beaver Boxelder Cache Carbon Davis Emery Garfield Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard Morgan Piute Fvich Salt Lal{e San Juan Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele Uinta Utah "Wasatch "Washington . "Wayne "Weber Sheep. Number. 66, 848 85, 797 20, 644 98, Oil 99, 771 36, 061 77, 404 46, 300 106, 795 247, 716 63, 982 93, 311 8.988 30, 236 12, 637 338, 171 24,600 414, 33] 87, 300 17, 666 182, 149 25, 295 179, 147 21, 708 20, 599 17, 904 50, 531 Total 2,422,802 Value. $65, 848 62, 644 25, 805 122, 514 166, 285 63, 106 96, 755 67, 875 160, 193 433, 403 89, 575 139,966 15, 729 46, 354 18, 805 507, 256 30, 750 725, 080 130, 950 35, 332 318, 760 37, 942 179, 147 32, 562 25, 749 31,332 68, 217 3, 686, 934 "Wool. Total product. "Value of product. Pounds. 384, 265 230, 680 29, 666 676, 488 182, 022 191, 713 397 500 360, 900 364, 103 797, 362 325, 000 467, 331 40, 948 176,480 43, 777 1, 826, 943 52, 500 2. 044, 754 406, 500 58, 875 1, 549, 390 148,454 866, 255 80, 642 110,175 56, 592 250, 448 18, 464 2,633 33.824 14, 562 16, 378 23, 850 23, 468 23, «67 63, 789 26, 000 33, 881 2,866 10, 589 3,283 137, 020 3,412 143, 133 24,390 4, 121 116, 204 8,907 71,466 6,048 5,509 3, 396 17, 531 12, 119, 763 864, 270 "Value per pound in 1893. *0.12 .08 .08 .10 .07 .08 .07 .12 .06* .07 .08i .114 .08 .09 .08 .12 .11 .08 .06 .lU .06J .06 .08 .10 Value per pound in 1894. 1.07 .08 .085 .05* .08 .07J .06 .06J .06i .08 .08 .07i .07 .06 .07J .07i .06i .07 .06 .07 .074 .06 .08i .074 .05 .06 .07 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 19 INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL. Showing the numlier of industrial concerns in operation during 1894, iogether with capital, labor, and power employed, cost of labor and material, and value of plant and product. Countiea. Num- ber of indua- trial con- cerns. Horse- power employed Number of labor- era em- ployed. 76 21 161 46 115 34 54 37 86 25 79 2 2 28 2,687 6 468 44 115 29 43 464 3 59 12 365 "Wagea paid. Capital inveated. Value of plant. Value of raw material. Value of product. Beaver Boxelder Cache 18 3 36 23 21 10 22 13 23 9 12 1 1 6 372 1 90 11 38 18 6 39 2 10 1 94 167 205 814 $18, 192 5,785 47, 576 10, 110 34, 296 7,415 27, 285 4,753 27, 216 6,100 36, 735 1,200 500 5,500 1,289,763 1,200 80, 869 7,860 62, 800 9,160 12, 430 148, 615 2,000 22, 000 1,500 167, 269 $52, 370 50, 000 319, 760 26, 100 115,632 31,000 6,455 $49, 385 45, 000 275, 4B2 19,415 78, 338 30, 800 6,085 $32, 047 18, 062 302, 800 12, 626 69, 264 4, 950 7,440 14, 186 86, 015 3,850 30, 287 $67, 824 (a) 424, 093 53, 050 141, 287 33, 660 32, 736 22, 573 147, 970 12, 900 51, 212 Daris Emery Garfield 300 139 135 78 289 73 185 Kane Millard Morgan i;iute Eich. . .. 3, 150 47, 660 7,350 42, 400 40 114 4,746 20 1,056 134 452 45 180 1, 564 75 52 40 388 10,000 14, 550 2, 662, 437 1,000 116, 097 33, 600 187,618 44, 700 63, 400 779, 660 18, 000 50, 660 1,800 69l, 812 7,500 9,550 2, 662, 427 1,500 154, 993 32, 200 100, 568 36, 350 36, 300 997, 960 18, 000 47. 750 1,800 1, 149, 787 8,156 13, 525 1,043,111 (a) 166, 021 64, 400 (a) 74, 900 19, 600 452, 844 25, 000 32, 860 (a) 167, 915 (a) 42 750 Salt Lake San .Tuan Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele TJinta Utah -.- ■Wasatch ...- "Waabjngton . Wayne "Weber 4, 055, 977 (a) 265, 686 66, 860 (a) (a) 39, 730 688, 318 (a) 62, 900 4,000 448, 076 Total.. 880 11,280 5,054 2, 027, 118 5,476,246 6, 986, 215 2, 610, 038 6, 678, 118 a Not reported. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. Showing the number of stores doing business in 1894, together with capital invested, total sales, number of employees, and wages paid. Counties. Number of stores. Capital inveated. Sales. Number of em ployees: "Wages paid. 30 46 82 14 32 15 10 4 18 71 6 24 10 10 7 843 7 88 52 100 31 7 166 17 21 1 262 $169,400 302, 366 688, 725 186, 026 217, 058 23, 35C 40, 794 4,600 42, 724 338, 768 33, 800 67,431 54, 700 15, 850 11, 300 7, 803, 694 10, 850 261, 863 125, 902 584, 775 82, 975 49, 124 1, 042, 865 87, 725 69, 340 13, 200 2, 222, 251 $254,057 399, 800 941, 056 332, 787 289, 707 69, 800 42, 377 12, 000 119, 279 827, 496 63, 900 159,600 74, 400 31, 000 35, 900 19,241,244 38, 500 759, 021 239, 000 1,136,176 184, 400 78, 000 1, 784, 697 115, 600 96, 700 30, 500 5,508,014 32 53 186 42 53 21 12 2 19 129 10 27 18 6 9 2,721 11 115 48 207 40 16 383 23 26 810 $14, 880 26, 405 89, 091 23, 271 Davis 24, 390 5,762 fi-arfield 4,490 1,500 4,900 73, 566 5,100 Millard 9,340 7,900 Piute 1,345 Eich 3,636 Salt Lake 1, 649, 379 2,660 41,669 Sevier -■ 14, 610 142,789 18, 380 Xlinta 9,440 Xrtah 179, 831 11, 900 6,815 1,860 "Weber 440, 472 Total 1,974 14, 651, 345 32,866,611 5,023 2, 685, 794 20 EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. BANK STATEMENT. Statements luive been received from the following-named banks showing thecondition of their business June 30, 1895, as follows: Name. Bank of Brigham City Bank of Spanish Fork Corinne: J. W. Gutlirie Farming ton : Davia County Bank Kayavifie : Barnea Banking Co Lehi Commercial and Savings Bank Thatcher Bros. Banking Co Manti City Savings Bank Mount Pleasant Commercial and Savings Bank Nephi : Savings Bank and Trust Co First National Bank ■ Ogden ; UtaU Loan and Trust Co.'s Bank State Bank Commercial National Bank First National Bank Utah National Bank Ugden Savings Bank Park City; Firat National Bank Payson Kxchange and Savings Bank Prove : Commercial and Savings Bank First National Bank Utah County Savings Bank Richiield : James M. Peterson Springville Banking Co Salt Lake City : Bank of Salt Lake Commercial National Bank Deseret National Bank National Bank of the Republic Walker Bros. Bank Bank of Commerce State Bank of Utah Deaeret Savings Bank , Zion'a Savinga Bank and Trust Co Salt Lake Valley Loan and Truat Co Utah Title Insurance and Trust Co. Savings Bank Wells, Fargo & Co. (branch) McCormick & Co Utah Commercial and Savings Bank U tah National Bank Total . Capital. $30, 000 25, 000 60, 000 26, 000 25. 000 50, 000 150, 000 50, 000 50, 000 60, 000 50,000 200, 000 125, 000 150, 000 150, 000 100, OOO 75, 000 50, 000 31, 800 75, 000 50, 000 50, 000 50, 000 100, 000 300, 000 500, 000 600, 000 100, 000 500, 000 100, 000 400, 000 300, 000 160, 000 200, 000 200, 000 5, Oil, 800 1895. $30, 000 25, 000 50, 000 25, 000 26, 000 50, 000 150, 000 SO, 000 50, 000 50, 000 50, 000 200, 000 125, 000 150, 000 150, 000 100, 000 75, 000 50, 000 31, 800 75, 000 50, 000 60, 000 50, 000 100, 090 300, 000 500, 000 500, 000 100, 000 500, 000 100, 000 400, 000 300, 000 150, 000 200, 000 200, 000 5, Oil, 890 Deposits. $56, 000 17, 000 18, 000 8,352 62, 000 30, 000 125, 421 71, 822 38, 966 28, 000 50, 000 151, 000 150, 000 80, 000 260, 987 200, 000 212, 975 111, 129 16, 436 67, 846 28,725 24, 000 18, 200 316, 467 309, 037 1, 000, 000 350, 000 842,643 125, 000 360, 000 506, 981 926, 346 800, 000 248, 000 221, 500 9, 266, 569 1895. $60, 000 18,148 21, 000 10, 872 62, 415 37, 663 130, 397 95, 408 41,000 6,516 55, 000 200, 000 135, 560 87, 000 250, 000 210, 000 232, 724 111, 129 33, 501 104, 644 30, 000 12,656 25,200 320, 000 460, 000 1, 250, 009 400, 000 1, 000, 000 264, 327 345, 093 526, 981 1, 070, 259 137, 793 1, 4O0, 694 283, 282 270, 000 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 21 THE RAILROAD SYSTEM OF UTAH. Statement shotving terminij mileagej and gauge of roads in operation June 30, 1895. Koad. Rio Grande Western : Main line in Utah Bingliam brancli Alta branch Sanpete branch Sevier Railway (leased). Tintio Railway (leased) Coal Mine branch Lake Park spur Utah Central Coal Mine spur. Diamond spur Lawrence Quarry spur Jennings spur Union Stock Yards spur Copper Plant spur Silver City spur Mammoth Sampler spur Mammoth Mill spur Gemini Mine spur Eureka Hill spur Bullion Beck spur Bingham Tramway Alta Tramway From- Ogden Bingham Junction do Thistle Junction . Manti Spriugville June tion. Pleasant Valley.. Colorado line - Bingham "Wasatch Manti Salina Silver City Coal Mine . Total . Central Pacific in Utah, Ogden main line. Ogden Ogden Union Railway and Depot Co Utah Central : Main line Salt Lake City . Do do Do do Total . Union Pacific: Main line in Utah Do Salt Lake and Western . Echo and Park City Ut-ah and Northern Utah and Nevada Total .... Sanpete Valley. Great Salt Lake and Hot Springs. Branch line Ogden do Lehi City Echo Ogden Salt Lake City. Nephi Salt Lake City. Stockdale , Total Salt Lake and Los Angeles . Salt Lake City. Nevada line . Fort Douglas - Park City .... Mill Creek Wyoming . Frisco Eureka -•.-- Park City . Idaho line . Terminus.. Manti Farmington. Sirakins Salt Air. Miles of line. Gauge, 4 feet 8^ inches. 294.1 14.15 10.06 60.8 25.7 48 17.5 1.5 1.8 1.4 ,45 2.73 1.08 .87 .67 1.17 L02 1.17 .24 .38 Gauge, I feet. 484.79 I 157 8.5 73 280 31 96.; 3.5 7.8 7.55- 31 41.55 15.4 2 Street railroad system. Location. Salt Lake Ogden Ogden (Utah) Hot Springs Railway (from Ogden to Hot Springs). Provo , Total. Electric. Steam motor. 22 REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. MINING INDUSTRY. COAL. Showing the number of patented and unpatented mines, number of employees and wages paid, and output in tons in 1894, together with cost of plant. Counties- Pat- ented. Num- TJnpat- ber of ented- employ- ees- Wages pafl. Output. Cost of plant. Cost of develop- ment work. 1 1 2 1 , 72 4 7 3 60 $37, 000 8U0 21, 975 Tons. 68, 238 293 3,570 $22, 988 '23,' 726' $1, 000 42, 600 Total 4 8 139 59, 775 62, 101 46, 708 43,800 GOLD AND SILVEE. Showing the number of patented and unpatented mines, number of employees and wages paid, output in tons, and value in 1S94, together with the cost of plant and development of work. Counties. Pat- ented. Unpat- ented. Average number of em- ployees. Wages paid. Output. Value of output. Cost of plant. Co.=it of de- velopment work. Beaver 5 6 18 1 8 1 1 5 207 12 8 8 207 $154, 130 Tons. 11,928 20 36 43,996 500 $215, 335 1,500 400 1, 178, 783 $193, 600 $226, 763 Iron ; 1 403 35 266 404, 255 36, 500 600 Juab 1 9 MiUard ' 639, 400 130, 800 Piute ' 3 Salt Lake 169 San Juan 2 43 433 36 1,149 217 10 18, 223 340, 263 13, 600 1, 615, 597 223, 659 3,500 450 89, 125 4,000 1 38,000 442,649 790,920 6, 000 3 700 58, 000 5,101,853 19, 950 2, 275, 620 96,100 Summit ' 60 Tooele ' 32 Washington - - - 1 1 106, 368 48, 922 580 2, 016, 000 404, 426 10, 614 2, 774, 142 247,425 Total -..- 271 275 2,534 2, 789, 817 251, 924 4, 289, 606 4, 592, 006 7,991,186 Statement of the mineral product of Utah for the year 1894. [Furnished by J. E. Dooley, esq., cashier for Wells, I'argo i Co.] Producers. Copper. Eeflned lead. Unrefined lead. Silver in bars. Silver in base bul- lion and ores. Gold in bars. Gold in bullion and ores. Germania Lead Works Founds. 314, 626 490, 000 162, 500 Pounds. 202, 500 Pounds. 14,468,776 7, 175, 200 12, 851, 860 Ounces. Ounces. 1, 358, 374 723, 560 1, 108, 508 4.606 86, 828 Ounces. """630' 1,100 Ounces. 8.127 3.860 U, 350 Hanauer Smelting Works Pennsylvania Smelting Co Daly Mining Co 700, 000 1, 250, 000 692, 698 Mercur district Silver Eeef district 37, 234 61, 800 15, 802 430 Other mines and placers "7,'8S2v;;::!!! Net product, bars and base 1, 066, 160 202 600 ^'^ 1*70 lOQ 1,965,802 3,281,296 1 25,626 ' 26,434 1,412,700 4,367 Contents ore shipped 20. 373, 240 Total 1, 066, 160 1, 965, 802 ■li, 826 ; 30, 801 1 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Statement of the mineral product of Utah for the year .Z59^— Continued. 23 RECAPITULATION. 1,066, 160 pounds copper, at 5 cents per pound $53, 308. 00 203,500 pounds refined lead, at $3.11 per 100 pounds 62,977.50 58,551,663 pounds unrefined lend, at .$33 per ton 888,826.60 6,659,798 ounces fine silver, at 02JVi cents per ounce 4,193,674.80 56,427 ounces fine gold, at $20 per ounce 1,128,640.00 Total export value 6, 327, 326. 90 Computing the gold and silver at their mint valuation, and other metals at their value at the seaboard, it would increase the value of the product to $11,631,402.72. Comparative statement showing the quantity of silver and gold contained in base bullion and ores produced in Utah. Tear. Total silver pro- duced. Total gold pro- duced. Silver in ores and base bullion. Gold in ores and base bullion. Total silver prod- uct. Total gold prod- uct. 1877 Ounces. 4, 369, 703 4, 357, 328 3, 835, 047 3, 783, 566 5, 400, 191 6, 435, 444 4, 531, 763 5, 669. 488 5, 972, 689 5, 918, 842 6, 161, 737 6, 178, 855 7, 147, 651 8, 165, 586 8. 015, 223 8, 969, 656 7, 107, 503 6, 659, 798 Outices. 17, 325 15, 040 15, 932 8,020 7,958 9,039 6,991 5,530 8,903 10, 577 11,387 13, 886 24, 975 33, 851 86,160 38, 182 54, 072 56, 427 Ounces. 2, 102, 098 2, 108, 359 1, 797, 589 1,403,819 2, 643, 899 2,581,780 2, 361, 190 3,253,984 3, 189, 576 2, 838, 263 5, 049, 273 3, 982, 217 5, 270, 250 6, 082, 825 6, 616, 198 7, 379, 246 5, 700, 591 4, 693, 996 Ounces. 11,035 10, 165 5,693 2,878 2, 622 5,016 6,697 3,806 7,289 8,369 10, 714 12, 854 24,236 29, 555 31, 240 37, 031 35, 816 30, 801 Per cent. 48.3 48.3 46.8 37.1 • 48.9 47.3 51.8 57.4 53.4 47.9 65.7 64.4 73.7 74.4 74.2 82.2 80.2 70.4 Per cent. 63 6 1878 1879 35. T 35.8 32 9 1880 1881 1882 56 5 1883 80 1884 68 8 1885 1888 . . 79 1 1887 94 1888 92 6 1889 1890 87 3 1891 1892 99.8 1893 66.3 1894 64.5 Comparative statement of the value of lead bullion, including gold and silver necessarily produced in its manufacture, west of the Missouri River, [Compiled from the annual reports issned by John J. Valentine, President Wells, Fargo & Co., San Francisco.] Year. Total value of precious metals, includ- ing lead. Total value of lead bullion, including gold and silver con- tents. Per cent of entire product. 1878 $81, 154, 622 75, 349, 501 80,167,936 84, 504, 417 92, 411, 835 90, 313, 612 84, 975, 954 $14, 740, 581 19, 234, 394 28, 114, 594 30,253,430 35, 798, 750 34, 810, 022 31. 191. 250 13.1 1879 25.5 1880 35 1881 35.8 1882 38.7 1883 38.5 1884 36.7 1885 ... 90, 181, 260 1 35, 731, 711 103,011,761 44,636,655 104,645,959 41,595,853 114,341,592 ! 38,004,826 129, 677, 836 42, 878, 063 127, 166, 410 46. 852. 367 39.6 1886 43.3 1887 . 39.7 1888 83.2 1889 33.5 36.8 1891 118, 237, 441 111,531,700 104, 081, 591 39, 106, 577 41, 975, 610 40, 217, 465 33 1892 . ._. 37.6 1893 38.6 2'4 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. LABOR. Abundant crops, increased activity in prospecting and mining, and a decided improvement in all industrial and commercial afit'airs have greatly changed for the better, over the previous year, the condition of our laboring classes. The Territory is well supplied with both skilled and unskilled laborers to meet the demand. STATEHOOD. In pursuance of the enabling act of Congress, apjjroved July 16, 1894, the constitutional convention assembled in this city in the county and city building on the 4th day of March of the present year, continu- ing in session until the 8th day of May. It framed a constitution which will be submitted to the qualified voters for adoption or rejection at an election to be held on the 5th day of next Xovember. A copy of the constitution is furnished herewith as an appendix to this report. Upon its adoption by the people, of which there can be but little doubt, it will go to the President for his action. It should be, and I trust is, a matter of infinite satisfaction to the whole country, as it is to the people of this Territory, that the m6ve- meiit begun in 1886 to obliterate the divisions, remove the bitterness, and heal the strife existing in Utah, which had so long prevented its admission as a State, are about to be consummated in the entrance of Utah into the Union as a great and prosperous State, with a homoge- neous, thriving, contented, peaceful, and happy people. By reference to the constitution it will be observed that the con- vention used the power conferred upon it by the enabling act, and provided that at the same election at which the constitution is to be voted upon State officers, a Member of Congress, and a legislature empowered to elect Senators should be elected. ^H30UfiO Entertaining no doubt of the favorable action of both the people and the President upon the constitution, I have refrained from making- any suggestions as to legislation, believing that ettbrts and recommendations to that end should be left to the chosen servants of the people — the newly elected ofBcers of the State. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Caleb W. West. The Secretary of the Interior, Washington, 1). G. Al^PJiNDix. CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF UTAH. (As framed by ihe consiilational convenlioii held hi Sali Zake City, Utah, from March 4 to May 8, JS95.) ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF UTAH. The coDveution assembled to frame a constitution for the proposed State of Utah, after two months of earnest effort present the result of their labors for the consid- eration of the people of this Territory. The ruling thou;^ht that actuated the convention, from opening to close, was that under the dtreotiou and mandates of the enabling act a constitution must be framed that would secure to the people of Utah a wise, just, and economical State govern- ment. In this we believe we have succeeded, and we confidently submit to our fellow- citizens the fruit of our deliberations, knowing that they will bear iu mind the impossibility of our presenting any instrument that would not contain imperfec- tions, inasmuch :is the more than one hundred delegates who constructed it came together understanding little of each other, all more or less influenced by local ideas and by impressions which the peculiar situation of this Territory for years past could not help but create and intensify. Nevertheless, it has been gratifying to note' that there has been less xiartisau feeling and more unselfish unanimity of sentiment in this convention than in any other political body of like character. The iuspiration behind the declnration of rights came from the great parent Bill of Rights framed by the fathers of our country. The article on the proposed educational system has absorbed the best thoughts and efforts of the convention, and draws around the public schools such protection and defense as will secure for them, it is believed, the steady upward progress which is the enthusiastic desire of this people. The legislative article, while permitting future lawmakers to perform any needed thing, circumscribes their powers iu a way to prevent either extravagance or the misuse of legislative authority. The executive article defines clearly the prerogatives and powers of the several State officers, places all necessary authority iu the hands of the executive, and at the same time supplies all needed checks to prevent usurpation of power. The judiciary article makes possible the conducting of the courts effectively by competent judges. It seeks to exalt the judiciary, and yet brings the system within a reasonable expenditure of the people's money. The probate system has been abol- ished, but power is given the legislature to restore it, if deemed necessary, or to adopt any other plan that m.iy be wise or expedient. The salaries of all officials have been marked down close to the danger line of extravagant economy. We have provided to give equal suffrage to women. We have inhibited for all time polygamous or plural marriages. We have placed within safe limits the maximum of future taxation. We have guarded against the possibility of any future great indebtedness of the State. 25 26 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. We liave provided for the full development of our manifold industries in such a way that in their expansion they will not feel any harsh friction from unjust laws. We have provided for the correction of possible defects in the constitution, either by amendments or by the enactment of statutes. We have guaranteed perfect liberty of speech, freedom to the press, and absolute freedom of conscience. We recommend our work to the gracious and generous consideration of the men and women of Utah, believing they will esteem it a fitting foundation on which to rear the structure of a gloritied State. If witli statehood there will be a slight increase in taxes, the compensating advantages will cause the increased expense to be forgotten. We will be able to utilize the niagniflcent gift of over 7,00i),000 acres of land from our generous Government; we will be able to secure capital for our mines; under the shield of statehood thousands of people will seek homes in our climate, assist to develop our wondrous and varied resources, and rejoice in the manifold blessings bestowed by nature upon our highly favored Commonwealth. When we reflect that this instrument will secure to us in its highest sense local self-government, with State officers of our own selection, and courts for the swift, capable, and economical administration of the laws by judges of the people s choosing; that it will give us a school system abreast of the foremost in the Union, with power to utilize the lands donated to our educational institutions; give us a voice in the ©lection of Presidents, also two Senators and one Representative to present the claims of our new State iu the Congress of the nation; add the star of Utah to the hallowed ensign of the Republic, bestow upon us full sovereignty with all that this majestic term implies, and thus draw to us capital and population and invest ns with a dignity that can never attacli to a Territorial condition, with steadily swell- ing confidence we submit this constitution to the consideration of the people of Utah, in a certain belief that they will, by an overwhelming majority, indorse and ratify our work. PREAIMBLE. Grateful to Almighty God for life and liberty, we, the people of Utah, in order to secure and perpetuate the principles of free government, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. Section 1. All men have the inherent and inalienable right to enjoy and defend their lives and liberties; to acquire, possess, and protect property; to worship according to the dictates of their consciences; to assemble peaceably, protest against wrongs, and petition for redre.ssof grievances; to communicate freely their thoughts and opinions, being responsible for the abuse of that right. Sec. 2. All political power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority for their equal protection and benefit, and they have the right to alter or reform their government as the public welfare may require. Sec. 3. The State of Utah is an insei)arable part of the Federal Union, and the Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land. Sec. 4. The rights of conscience shall never be infringed. The State shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any ofSce of public trust or for any vote at any election, nor shall any person be incompetent as a witness or juror on account of religious belief or the absence thereof. There shall be no union of church and state, nor shall any church dominate the State or interfere with its func- tions. No public money or property shall be appropriated for or applied to any religious worsship, exercise, or instruction, or for the support of any ecclesiastical establishment. No property qualification shall be required of any person to vote or hold office, except as provided in this constitution. Sec. 5. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety requires it. Sec. 6. The people have the right to bear arms for their security and defense, but the legislature may regulate the exercise of this right by law. Sec. 7. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due proc- ess of law. KEPORT OF THE GOYEKNOR OF UTAH. 27 Sec. 8. All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption strung. Sec. 9. Excessive bail shall not be required; excessive tines shall not be imposed; nor shall cruel and unusual punishments be inflicted. Persons arrested cr impris- oned shall not be treated with unnecessary rigor. Skc. 10. In capital cases tbe right of trial bj' jury shall remain inviolate. In courts of general jurisdiction, except in capital cases, a jury shall consist of eight jurors. In courts of inferior jurisdiction a jury shall consist of four jurors. In criminal cases the verdict shall be unanimous. In civil cases three- fourths of the jurors may find a verdict. A jury in civil cases shall be waived unless demanded. i^BC. 11. All courts shall be open, and every person, for an injury done to him in his person, property, or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law, which shall be administered without denial or unnecessary delay ; and no person shall be barred from prosecuting or defending before any tribunal iu this State, by himself or counsel, any civil cause to which he is a party. Sec. 12. In criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to appear and defend in person and by counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a copy thereof, to testify in his own behalf, to be confronted by the witnesses against him, to have compulsory process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his own behalf, to have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense Is alleged to have been committed, and the right to ajipeal iu all cases. In no instance shall any accused jjcrson, before final judgment, be compelled to advance money or fees to secure the rights herein guar- anteed. The accused sliall not be compelled to give evidence against himself; a wife shall not be compelled to testify against her husband, nor a husband against his wife, nor shall any person be twice jiut in jeopardy for the same offense. Sec. 13. Offenses heretofore required to be prosecuted by indictment shall be pros- ecuted by information after examination and commitment by a magistrate, unless the examination be waived by the accused with the consent of the State, or by indictment, with or without such examination and commitment. The grand jury shall consist of seven persons, five of whom must concur to find an indictment; but no grand jury shall be drawn or summoned unless, in the opinion of the judge of the district, public interest demands it. Sec. 14. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seiznres shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, par- ticularly describing the place to be searched and the person or thing to be seized. Sec. 15. No law shall be passed to abridge or restrain the freedom of speech or of the press. In all criminal prosecutions for libel the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives, and for justifiable ends, the party Bhall be acquitted, and the jnry shall have the right to determine the law and the fact. Sec. 16. There shall be no imprisonment for debt, except in cases of absconding debtors. Sec. 17. All el ctions shall be free, and no power, civil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage. Soldiers in time of war may vote at their post of duty, in or out of the State, under regulations to be prescribed by law. Sec. 18 No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be p issed. Sec. 19. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, or in giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act. Sec. 20. The military .^ihall be in strict subordination to the civil power, and no soldier in time of peace shall be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, except in a manner to be prescribed by law. Sec. 21. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within this State. Sec. 22. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation. Sec. 23. No law shall be passed granting irrevocably any franchise, privilege, or immunity. Sec. 24. All laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation. Sec. 25. This enumeration of rightis shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people. . , , ., .^^ , Sec. 26. The provisions of this constitution are mandatory and prohibitory, unless bv express words they are declared to be otherwise. Sec. 27. Frequent recurrence to fundamental principles is essential to the security of individual rights and the perpetuity of free government. 28 REPORT OF THE GOVEKNOR OF UTAH. ARTICLE II. STATE BOUNDARIES. Section 1. The bouailaries of the State of Utah shall be as follows: Begmning at a point formed by the intersection of the tliirty-second degree of longitude west from WashiugtoQ with the thirty-seventh degree of north latitude; thence due west along said tliirty-seventh degree of north latitude to the intersec- tion of the same with the thirty -seventh degree of longitude west from Washington ; thence due north along said thirty-seventh degree of west longitude to the intersec- tion of the same with the forty-secoud degree of north latitude; thence due east along said forty-second degree of north latitude to the intersection of the same with the thirty -fourth degree of longitude west from Washington ; thence due south along said thirty- fourth degree of west longitude to the intersection of the same with the forty-first degree of uorth latitude; thence due east along said forty-first degree of north latitude to the intersection of the same with the thirty-second degree of lon- gitude west from Washington; thence due south aloug said thirty-second degree of west longitude to the place of beginning. ARTICLE III. ORDINANCE. The following ordinance shall be irrevocable without the consent of the United States and the people of this State; First. Perfect toleration of religions sentiment is guaranteed. Xo inhabitant of this State shall ever be molested in person or property on account of his or her mode of religious worship; but polygamous or plural marriage? are forever prohibited. Semiid. The people inhabiting this State do affirm and declare that ihey forever disclaim all right and title to the unappropriated public lands lying within the bound- aries hereof, and to all lands lying within said limits owwed or held by any Indian or Indian tribes, and that until the, title thereto shall have been extinguished by the United States the same shall be and remain subject to the disposition of the United States, and said Indian lands shall remain under the absolute jurisdiction and control of the Congress of the United States. The lands belonging to citizens of the United States residing without this State shall never lie taxed at a higher rate than the lands belonging to residents of this State ; nor shall taxes be imposed by this State on lands or property hereiu belonging to or which may hereafter be purchased by the United States or reserved for its n.se ; but nothing in this ordinance shall preclude this State from taxing, an other lands are taxed, any lands owued nr held by any Indian who has severed his tribal relations and has obtained from the United States or from any person, by patent or other grant, a title thereto, save and except snch lands as have been or may be granted to any Indian or Indians under any act of Congress contain- ing a provision exempting the laud thus granted from taxatijn, which last-mentioned lands shall be exempt from taxation so long, and to such extent, as is or may be pro- vided in the act of Congress granting the same. Tliird. All debts and liabilities of the Territory of Utah, incurred by authority of the legislative assembly thereof, are hereby assumed and shall be paid'by this State. Fourth. The legislature shall make laws for the establishment and maintenance of a system of public schools, which shall be open to all the children of the State and be free from sectarian control. ARTICLE IV. ?;LELTI0NS AN'l) RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE. Section 1. The rights of citizens of the State of Utah to vote and hold office shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex. Both male and female citizens of this State shall enjoy equally all civil, political, and religious rights and privileges. Sec. 2. Every citizen of the United States of the age of 21 years and upward, who shall have been a citizen for ninety days, and shall have resided in the State or Territory one year, in the county fonr months, and in the precinct sixty days next preceding any election, shall be entitled to vote at such election except as'herein otherwise provided. Sec. 3. In all cases except those of treason, felony, or breach of the peace, eleotorB shall be privileged from arrest on the days of election, during their attendance at elections, and going to and returning therefrom. Skc. i. No elector shall be obliged to perform militia duty on the day of election except in time of war or public danger. Sec. 5. No person shall be deemed a qualified elector of this State unless such person he a citizen of the United States. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 29 Sec. 6. No idiot, insane person, or person convicted of treason or crime against the elective franoliiae, nuless restored to civil rights, shall be permitted to vote at any election or be eligible to hold office in this State. Sec. 7. Except in elections levying a special lax or creating indebtedness, no property qualification shall be required lor any person to vote or hold office. , .Sec. 8. All electious shall be by secret balllit. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the use of any machine or mechauical contrivance for the pur- pose ot receiving and registering the votes cast at any election: Provided, That secrecy in voting be preserved. Sec. 9. All general elections, except for municipal and school officers, shall be held on the Tuesday next following the first Monday in November of the year in which the election is held. Special electious may be held as provided by law. The terms of all officers elected at any general election shall commence on the first Mon- day in January next following the date of their election. Muuicipal and school officers shall be elected at such time as may be provided by law. Sec. 10. All officers made elective or appointive by this constitution or by the laws made in pursuance thereof, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation : " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that 1 will support, obey, and defend the Constitution of the I'nited States and the constitution of this State, and that I will discharge the duties of my office with fidelity." ARTICLE V. mSTEIBBTlOX OF POWEKS. Section 1 The powers of the government of the State of Utah shall he divided into three distinct departments, the legislative, the executive, and the judicial; and no person charged with the exercise of powers properly belongin^-to one of these departments shall exercise any functions appertaining to either of the others, except in the cases herein expressly directed or permitted. ARTICLE VI. LEGI.SLATIVE DEPARTMENT. Section 1. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in a senate and house of representatives, which shall be designated the legislature of the State of Utah. Sec. 2. Regular sessions of the legislature shall be held biennially at the seat of the government, and, except the first session thereof, shall commence on the second Mon- day in .January next after the election of members of the house of representatives. Sec. 3. The members of the house of representatives, after the first election, shall be chosen by the qualified electors of the respective representative districts on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1896, and biennially thereafter. Their term of office shall be two years from the first day of January next after their election. Sec. 4. The senators shall be chosen by the qualified electors of the respective senatorial districts at the same times and places as members of the house of repre- sentatives, and their term of office shall be four years from the first day of January next after their election : Provided, That the senators elected in 1896 shall be divided by lot into two classess as nearly equal as may be ; seats of senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of two years, those of the second class at the expi- ration of four years; so that one-half, as near as possible, shall be chosen biennially thereafter. In case of increase in the number of senators, they shall be annexed by lot to one or the other of the two classes, so as to keep them as nearly equal as practicable. Sec. 5. No person shall be eligible to the office of senator or representative who is not a citizen of the United States, twenty-five years of age, a qualified voter in the district from which he is chosen, a resident for three years of the State, and for one year of the district from which he is elected. Sec. 6. No person holding any public office of profit or trust under authority of the United States or of this State shall be a member of the legislature ; Provided, That appointments in the State militia and the officers of notary public, justice of the peace, United States commissioner, and postmaster of the fourth class shall not, within the meaning of this section, be considered offices of profit or trust. * Sec. 7. No member of the legislature, during the term for which he was elected, shall be appointed or elected to any civil office of profit under this State which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased, during the term for which he was elected. 30 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Sec. 8. Members of the legislature, in all cases except treason, felony, or breach of peace, shall be privileged from arrest during each session of the legislature, lor ht- teen days next preceding each session, and in returning therefrom; and for words used in any speech or debate in either house they sball not be questioned in any otlier Sue. 9. The members of the legislature shall receive such per diem iind mileage as the legislature may provide, not exceeding four dollars per day and ten cents per mile for the distance necessarily traveled going to aud returning from the place ot meeting on the most usual route, and they shall receive no other pay or perquisite. Skc 10. Each house shall be the judge of the election and qualifications of its members, and may punish them for disorderly conduct, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members elected, expel a member for cause. Sec. 11. A majority of the members of each house shall constitute a quorum to transact business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and niaycom- pel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may prescribe. Sec. 12. Each house shall determine the rules of its proceedings, and choose its own officers and employees. ,Skc. 1.3. The governor shall issue writs of election to fill vacancies tbat may occur in either house of the legislature. Sec. 14. Each house sliallkeep a journal of its proceedings, which, except in case of executive sessions, shall be published, and the yeas aud nays on any question, at the request of five members of such house, shall be entered upon the journal. Skc. 15. All sessions of the legislature, except those of the senate while sitting in executive session, shall be public; and neither house, without the consent of the other, shall adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which it may be holding session. Sec. 16. No regular session of the legislature (except the first, which may sit ninety days) shall exceed sixty days, except in cases of impeachment. No special session shall exceed thirty days, and in such special session, or when a regular ses- sion of the legislature trying eases of impeachment exceeds sixty days, the members shall receive for compensation only the usual per dieni and mileage. Sec. 17. The house of representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment, but in order to impeach two-thirds of all the members elected must vote therefor. Sec, 18. All impeachments shall be tried by the senate, and senators, when sitting for tbat purpose, shall take oath or make affirmation to do justice according to the law and the evidence. When the governor is on trial the chief justice of the supreme court shall preside, No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two- thirds of the senators elected. Sec. 19i The governor aud other State and judicial officers, except justices of the peace, shall be liable to impeachment for high crimes, misdemeanors, or malfeasance in office; but judgment in such cases shall extend only to removal from office and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit in the State. The party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall, nevertheless, be liable to prosecution, trial, and punishment according to law. Sec. 20. No person shall be tried on impeachment unless he shall have been served with a copy of the articles thereof at least ten days before the trial, and after such service he shall not exercise the duties of his office until he shall have been acquitted. Sec. 21. All officers not liable to impeachment shall be removed for any of the offenses specified in this article, in such manner as may be provided hy law. Sec. 22. The enacting clause of every law shall be: " Be it enacted by the legis- lature of the State of Utah," and no bill or joint resolution shall be passed except with the assent of a majority of all the members elected to each house of the legis- lature, and after it has been read three times. The vote upon the final passage of all bills shuU be by yeas and nays; and no law shall be revised or amended by reference to its title only; but the act as revised, or section as amended, shall be reenacted and published at length. Sec. 23. Except general appropriation bills, and bills for the codification and gen- eral revision of laws, no bill shall be passed containing more than one subject, which hall be clearly expressed in its title. Sec. 24. The presiding officer of each house, in the presence of the house over which he presides, shall sign all bills aud joint resolutions passed by the legislature, after their titles have been publicly read immediately before signing, and the fact of such signing shall be entered upon the journal. Sec. 25. All acts shall be officially published, and no act shall take effect until so published, nor until sixty days after the adjournment of the session at which it passed, unless the legislature hy vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each bouse shall otherwise direct. Sec. 26. The legislature is prohibited from enacting any private or special laws in the following ciis<'s: First. Granting divorce. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 31 Vecoud. Changing the names of persons or places, or constitnting one person the heir at law of another. 2'hiid. Locating or changing county seats. Fourth. Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace. Fifth. Punishing crimes and misdemeanors. Sixth. Regulating the practice of courts of justice. Seventh. Providing for a change of venue in civil or criminal actions. Eighth. Assessing and collecting taxes. yiiith. Regulating the interest on money. Tenth. Changing the law of descent or succession. Eleventh. Regulating county and township affairs. Twelfth. Incorporating cities, towns, or villages; changing or amending the charter of any city, town, or village; laying out, opening, vacating, or altering town plats, highways, streets, wards, alleys, or jiuhlic grounds. Thirteenth, Providing for sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or others under disability. Fourteenth. Authorizing persons to keep ferries across streams within the State. Fifteenth. Remitting fines, penalties, or forleitnres. Sixteenth. (Sranting to an individual, association, or corporation any privilege, immunity, or franchise. Seventeenth. Providing for the management of common schools. Fii/hieenth. Creating, increasing, or decreasing fees, percentages, or allowances of public ofBcers during the term for which said officers are elected or appointed. The legislature may repeal any existing special law relating to the foregoing sub- divisions. In all cases where a general law can be applicable no special law shall be enacted. Nothing in this section shall be construed to deny or restrict the power of the leg- islature to establish and regulate the compensation and fees of county and township officers; to establish and regulate the rates of freight, passage, toll, and charges of railroads, toll roads, ditch, flume, and tunnel companies incorporated under the laws of the State or doing business therein. Sec. 27. The legislature shall have no power to release or extinguish, in whole or in part, the indebtedness, liability, or obligation of any corporation or person to the State, or to any municipal corporation therein. Sec. 28. The legislature shall not authorize any game of chance, lottery, or gift enterprise under any pretense or for any purpose. Sec. 29. The legislature shall not delegate to any special commission, private cor- poration, or association any power to make, supervise, or interfere with any munici- pal improvement, money, property, or effects, whether held in trust or otherwise, to levy taxes, to select a capitol site, or to perform any municipal functions. Sec. 30. The legislature shall have no power to grant, or authorize any county or municipal authority to grant, any extra compensation, fee, or allowance to any pub- lic officer, agent, servant, or contractor, after service has been rendered or a contract has been entered into and performed in whole or in part, nor pay or authorize the payment of any claim hereafter created against the State, or any county or munici- pality of the State, under any agreement or contract made without authority of law : Provided, That this section shall not apply to claims incurred by public officers in the execution of the laws of the State. Sec. 31. The legislature shall not authorize the State, or any county, city, town, township, district, or other political subdivision of the State, to lend its credit or subscribe to stock or bonds in aid of any railroad, telegraph, or other private indi- vidual or corporate enterprise or undertaking. ARTICLE VII. executive. Section 1. The executive department shall consist of governor, secretary of state. State auditor. State treasurer, attorney-general, and superintendent of public instruc- tion, each of whom shall hold his office "for four years, beginning on the first Monday of January next after his election, except that the terms of office of those elected at the first election shall begin when the State "call be admitted into the Union, and shall end on the first Monday in .January, A. D. 1901. The officers of the executive department, during their terms of office, shall reside at the seat of governnaent, where they shall keep the public records, books, and papers. They shall perform such duties as are prescribed by this constitution and as may be prescribed by law. Sec. 2. The officers provided' for in section one of this article shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at the time and place of voting for members of the legislature, and the persons respectively having the highest number of votes cast for the office voted for shall be elected ; but if two or more shall have an equal and 32 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. highest number of votes for any one of said offices, the two houses of the legislature, at its next regular session, shall elect forthwith by joint ballot one of such persons for said office. j. t ^ Sec. 3. No person shall be eligible to the office of governor or secretary ot state unless he shall have attained the .ige of thirty years at the time of his election, nor to the ofiSce of attorney-general unless he shall have attained the age of twenty-five years at the time of his election and have been admitted to practice in the supreme court of the Territory or of the State of Utah, nor unless he shall be in good stand- ing at the bar at the'time of his election. No person shall be eligilile to any ol the offices provided for in section one of this article unless at the time of his election he shall be a qualified elector aud shall have been a resident citizen of the State or Ter- ritory for five years next preceding his election. The State auditor and State treas- urer shall be ineligible to election as their own successors. 8EC. 4. The governor shall be commander in chief of the military forces of the State, except when they shall be called into the service of the United States. He shall have the power to call out the militia to execute the laws, to suppress insurrec- tion, or to repel invasion. Sec. 5. The governor shall see that the laws are faithfully executed ; he shall trans- act all executive business with the officers of the government, civil and military, and may require information in writing from the officers of the executive department, and frojD the officers and managers of State institutions upon any subject relating to the condition, management, and expenses of their respective offices and institutions, and at any time when the legislative assembly is not in session may, if he deem it necessary, appoint a committee to investigate and report to him upon the condition of any executive office or State institution. He shall communicate by message the condition of the State to the legislature at everj' regular session, and recommend such measures as he may deem expedient. Sec. 6. On extraordinary occasions the governor may convene the legislature by proclamation, in which shall be stated the purpose for which the legislature is to be convened, and it shall transact no legislative business except that for which it was especially convened, or such other legislative business as the governor may call to its attention while in session. The legislature, however, may provide for the expenses of the session aud other matters incidental thereto. The governor may also by proclamation convene the senate in extraordinary session for the transaction of execu- tive business. Sec. 7. In case of a disagreement between the two houses of the legislature at any special session with respect to the time of adjonrnuient, the governor shall have power to adjonru the legislature to such time as he may think proper: Provided, That it be not beyond the time fixed for the convening of the next legislature. Hv.c. 8. Every bill passed by the legislature, before it becomes a law, shall be presented to the governor. If he approve, he shall sign it, and thereupon it shall become a law; but if he do not approve, he shall return it with his objections to the house in which it originated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon its journal and proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, it again passes both houses by a yea-and-nay vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each house, it shall become a law, notwithstanding the governor's objec- tions. If any bill be not returned within five days after it shall have been presented to him (Sanday and the day on which he received it excepted), the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature by its final adjourn- ment prevent such return, in which case it shall be filed with his objections in the office of the Secretary of State within ten days after such adjournment (Sundays excepted) or become a law. If any bill presented to the governor contains several items of appropriations of money, he may object to one or more such items while approving other portions of the bill. In such case he shall append to the bill at the time of signing it a statement of the item or items which he declines to approve, together with his reasons therefor, and such item or items shall not take effect unless passed over the governor's objection as in this section provided. Sec. 9. When any State or district office shall become vacant and no mode is pro- vided by the constitution and laws for filling such vacancy, the governor shall have the power to fill the same by granting^ commission, which shall expire at the next election and upon qualification of the person elected to such office. Sec. 10. The governor shall nominate, and by and with the consent of the senate appoint, all State and district officers whose offices are established by this constitu- tion, or which may be created by law, and whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for. If, during the recess of the senate, a vacancy occur in any State or district office, the governor shall appoint some fit person to dischar<>e the duties thereof until the next meeting of the Senate, when he shall nominate' some person to fill such office. If the office of justice of the supreme or district court, secretary of state, State auditor. State treasurer, attorney-general, or superintendent of public instruction be vacated by death, resignation, or otherwise it shall be the REPORT OF THE GU\ERNOR OF UTAH. 33 duty of the governor to fill the same by appointment, and the appointee shall hold his office nutil his successor shall be elected and nnalitied, as may be by law provided. Skc. 11. In case of the death of the governor, or his impeachment, remov.-il from office, inability to discharge the duties of his office, resignation, or absence from the State, the powers and duties of said office shall devolve upon the secretary of state until the disability shall cease, or until the next general election, when'the vacaucy shall be filled by election. If, during' a vacancy in the office of the gov- ernor, the secretary of state resign, die, or become incapable of perloriMing'the duties of the office, or be displaced, or be absent from tbe State, the president pro temjfore of the senate shall act as governor until the vac lucy be tilled or the disa- bility cease. While performing the duties of the governor as in this section pro- vided, the secretary of state or the president pro tempore of the .senate, as the case may be, except in eases of temporary disability or absence from the State, shall be entitled to the salary and emoluments of the governor. ■Seu. 12. Until otherwise provided by law, tbe governor, justices of the supreme court, and attorney-general shall constitute a board of pardons, a majority of whom, including the governor, upon such conditi(ms and with such limitations and restric- tions as they deem proper, may remit lines and forfeitures, coiuniute punishments, and grant pardons after convictions in all cases except treason and impeachments, subject to sucb regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons; but no fine or forleiture shall be remitted and no commuta- tion or pardon granted except after a full hearing before the board, in open session, after previous notice of the time and place of such hearing has been given. The proceedings and decisions of the board, with the reasons therefor in each case, together with the dissent rovided by law, the judicial districts of the State shall be constituted as follows : First district.— The counties of Cache, Boxelder, and Rich. Second district.— The counties of Weber, Morgan, and Uavis. Third district.— The counties of Sunmiit, Salt Lake, and Tooele, in which there shall be elected three district judge's. Fourth district. — The counties of iJtah, Wasatch, and Uinta. Fifth district.— The counties of Juab, Millard, Beuver, Iron, and Washington. Sixth district.— The counties of Sevier, Piute, Wayne, Garfield, and Kane. Seventh district. -^The counties of Sanpete, Carhou, Emery, Graad, and San Jnan . Sbc. 17. The supreme and district courts shall be courts of. record! and each shall Sec. is' The style of all process shall be "The State of Utah," and all prosecu- tions shall be conducted in thcname aud by the authority of the same. Sec. 19. There shall be but one form of civil action, and law and equity may be administered in the same action. Sec. 20. Until otherwise provideunt.v contains sutifioieut population within itseU' to form two or more districts, nor shall a part of anv county be united witb any other county iu forming any district. HEPKESENTATIVK DISTKICTS. Until otherwise provided by law, representatives shall bo apportioned among the several counties of the State as follows: Provided, That in anv future apportionment made by the legislature each county shall be entitled to at least one representative : The county of Boxelder shall constitute the first representative district, and be entitled to one representative. The county of Cache shall constitute the second representative district, and be entitled to three representatives. The county of Rich shall constitute the third representative district, and be enti- tled to one representative. The county of Weber shall constitute the fourth representative district, and be entitled to four representatives. The county of Morgan shall constitute the fifth representative district, and be entitled to one representative. The county of Davis shall constitute the sixth representative district, and be enti- tled to one representative. The county of Tooele shall constitute the seventh representative district, and be entitlSd to one representative. The county of Salt Lake shall constitute the eighth representative district, and he entitled to ten representatives. The county of 8ummit shall constitute the ninth representative district, and be entitled to one representative. The county of Wasatch shall con.«titute the tenth representative district, and be entitled to one representative. The county of Utah shall constitute the eleventh representative district, and be entitled to four representatives. The county of Uinta shall constitute the twelfth representative district, and be entitled to one representative. The county of Juab shall constitute the thirteenth representative district, ana be entitled to one representative. The county of Sanpete shall came shall be levied, be first submitted to a vote of such of the qualified electors o^t the State as, in the veir next preceding such election, shall have paid a property ta?; iisrfessed to them within the State, and the majority of those voting thereon shall* Vote, iij favor thereof, in such manner as may be provided by law. ^, /, , ' Sec 8 The making of profit out of public moneys, or using the siiitie^lOr any pur- nose' not authorized by law, by any i.ublic officer shall be deemed a'lel^ify, and shall be punished as provided by law, but part of such punishment shall bp ((i8(iualiflca- tion to hold public office. ' ; 42 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. Sec. 9. No approp;riatiou shall be made or any expenditure authorized by the leg- islature wherebv the expenditure of the State during any fiscal year shall exceed the total tax then provided for by law and applicable for such appropriation or expenditure, unless the legislature making such appropriation shall provide for levying a sufficient tax, not exceeding the rates allowed in section seven of this article, to pay such appropriation or expenditure within such fiscal year. This pro- vision shall not apply to appropriations or expenditures to suppress insurrections, defend the State, or assist in defending the United States in time of war. Sec. 10. All corporations or persons in this State, or doing business herein, shall be subject to taxation for State, county, school, municipal, or other purposes on the real and personal property owned or used by them within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax. Sec. 11. Until otherwise provided by law,, there shall be a State board of equali- zation, consisting of the governor, State auditor, State treasurer, secretary of state, ' and attorney-general; also, in each county of this State, a county board of equali- zation, consisting of the board of county commissioners of said county. The duty of the State board of equalization shall be to adjust and equalize the valuation of the real and personal property among the several counties of the State. The duty of the county board of equalizati(m shall be to adjust and equalize the valuation of the real and personal property within their respective counties. Each board shall also perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. Sec. 12. Nothing in this constitirti on shall be construed to prevent the legislature from providing a stamp tax, or a tax based on income, occupation, licenses, fran- chises, or mortgages. ARTICLE XIV. PUBLIC DEBT. Section 1. To meet casual deficits or failures in revenue, and for necessary expenditures for public purposes, including the erection ofpublic buildings and for the payment of all Territorial indebtedness assumed by the State, the State may contract debts, not exceeding in the aggregate at any one time the sum of two hundred thousand dollars over and above the amount of the Territorial indelitedness assumed by the State. But when the said Territorial indebtedness shall have been paid the State shall never contract any indebtedness, except as in the next section provided, in excess of the sum of two hundred thousand dollars, and all moneys arising from loans herein authorized shall be applied solely to the purposes for which , they were obtained. Sec. 2. The State may contract debts to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or ■ to defend the State in war, but the money arising from the contracting of such debts shall be applied solely to the purpose for which it was obtained. Sec. 3. No debt in excess of the taxes for the current year shall be created by any county or subdivision thereof, or by any school district therein, or by any city, town, or village, or any subdivision thereof in this State, unless the proposition to create such debt shall have been submitted to a vote of such qualified electors as shall have paid a property tax therein in the year preceding such election-, and a majority of those voting thereon shall have voted in favor of incurring such debt. Sec. 4. When authorized to create indebtedness as provided in section three of this article, no county shall become indebted to an amount, including existing indebted- ness, exceeding tA\co per centum. No city, town, school district, or other municipal corporation shall become indebted to an amount,, including existing indebtedness, exceeding four per centum of the value of the taxable property therein, the value to be ascertained by the last assessment for State and county purposes previous to the incurring of such indebtedness; except that in incorporated cities the assessment shall be taken from the last assessment for city purposes : Provided, That no part of the im'.ebtedness sallowed in this section shall be incurred for other than strictly county, city, town, or school district purposes: Provided furthm-, That any city or town, when authorized as provided iu section three of this article, may be allowed to incur a larger indebtedness, not exceeding four per centum additional for sup- plying such city or towu with water, artificial light, or sewers, when the works for supplying such water, light, and sewers shall be owned and controlled by the municipality. Sec. 5. Ail moneys borrowed by or on behalf of the State, or any legal subdivision thereof, shall he used solely for the purpose specified in the law authorizing the loan. Sec. 6. The State shall not assume the debt, or any part thereof, of any conuty, city, town, pr school district. Sec. 7. Nothing in this article shall be so construed as to impair or add to the obligation of any debt heretofore contracted, in accordance with the laws of Utah Territory, by any county, city, town, or school district, or to prevent the contracting of .any debt, 6r the issuing of bonds therefor, in accordance with said laws, upon REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF UTAH. 43 any proposition for that purpose which, according to said laws, luay have been sub- mitted to a vote of the qualified electors of any county, city, town, or school district before the day on which this constitution takes effect. ARTICLE XV. Section I: The militia shall consist of all able-bodied male inhabitants of the State between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, except such as are exempt by law. Sec. 2. The legislature shall provide by law for the organization, equipment, and discipline of the militia, which shall conform as nearly as practicable to the regula- tions for the government of the Armies of the United States. ARTICLE XVI. LABOR. Section 1. The rights of labor shall have just protection through laws calculated to promote the industrial welfare of the State. Sec. 2. The legislature shall provide by law for a board of labor, conciliation, iind arbitration, whicli shall fairly represent the interests of both capital and labor. The board shall perform duties and receive compensation as prescribed by law.' Sec. 3. The legislature shall prohibit: Firgt. The employment of women or of children under the age of fourteen years in underground mines. , Second. The contracting of convict labor. Third. The labor of convicts outside prison grounds, except on public works under the direct control of the State. Fourth. The political and commercial control of employees. Sec. 4. The exchange of black lists by railroad companies or other corporations,, associations, or persons is prohibited. Sec. 5. The right of action to recover damages for injuries resulting in death shall never be abrogated, and the amount recoverable shall not be subject to any statu- tory limitation. Sec. 6. Eight hours shall constitute a day's work on all works or undertakings carried on or aided by the State, county, or municipal governments, and the legis- lature shall pass laws' to provide for the health and safety of employees in factories, smelters, and mines. Sec. 7. The legislature, by appropriate legislation, shall provide for the enforce- ment of the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XVII. WATER BIGHTS. Skction 1. All existing rights to the use of any of the waters in this State for any useful or beneficial purpose are hereby recognized and confirmed. ARTICLE XVIII. FOHKSTRV. Section 1. The legislature shall enact laws to prevent the destruction of and to preserve the forests on the lauds of the State and upon any part of the public domain the control of which may be conferred by Congress upon the State. ARTICLE XIX. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND STATE INSTITUTIONS. Sec HON 1. All institutions and other property of the Territory upon the adoption of this constitution shall become the institutions and property of the State of Utah. Sfc 2 Reformatory and penal institutions, and those for the benefit of the insane, blind 'deaf and dumb, and such other institutions as the public good may require, shall 'be established and supported by the State in such manner and under such boards of control as may be prescribed by law. *, , j. j ^. vi. Sec S The public institutions of the State are hereby permanently located at the T>lares hereinafter named, each to have the lands specifically granted to it by the United States in the act of Congress approved .July 16, 1894, to be disposed of and used in such manner as the legislature may provide: 44 JJEPORT OF THK GOVERNOR OF, UTAH. First. The seat of governmeut and the State fair, at Salt Lake City, and the State prison iu the connty of Salt Lake. Second. The institutions for the deaf and dumb and the blind and the State relorm school, at Og'den City, in the county of Weber. Thus. The State insane asylum, at Provo City, in the county of Utah. ARTICLE XX. PUBLIC LANDS. Suction 1. All lands of the State that have been or may hereafter be granted to the State by Congress, and all lands acquired by gift, grant, or devise from any per- son or corporation, or that may otherwise be acquired, are hereby accepte Sec. 11. The election for the adoption or rejection of this constitution, and for State officers herein provided for, shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, 1895, and shall bo conducted according to the laws of the Ter- ritory and the provisions of the enabling act; the votes cast at said election shall be canvassed and returns made in the same manner as was provided for in the election for delegates to the constitutional couveutiou : Provided, That all male citizens of the United States over the age of twenty-one years, who have resided in the Territory for oue year prior to such electicm, are liereby authorized to vote for or against the adop- tion of this constitution, and for the State officers herein provided for. The returns of said election shall be made to the Utah commission, who shall cause the same to be canvassed, and shall certify the result of the vote for or against tlie constitution to the President of the United States in the manner required by the enabling act; and said commission shall issue certifiiates of election to the persons elected to said offices severally, aiul shall make and Hie with the secretary of tlie Territory an abstract, certified to by them, of the number of votes cast for each person for each of said offices, and of the total number of votes cast in each county. Si^. 12. The State officers to be voted for at the time of the adoption of this consti- tution shall be a governor, secretary of state, State auditor, State treasurer, attorney- general, superintendent of public instruction, members of the senate and house of representatives, three supreme judges, nine district judges, and a Representative to Congress. Sec. 13. In case of a contest of election between candidates at the first geiaeral' election under this constitution for judges of the district courts, the evidence shall he taken in the manner prescribed by the Territorial laws, and the testimony so taken shall be certified to the secretary of state, and said officer, together with the governor and the treasurer of the State, shall review the evidence and determine who is entitled to the certificate of election. Sbc. 14. This constitution shall be submitted for adoption or rejection to a Vote of the qualified electors of the proposed State at the general election to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, A. D. 1895. At the said election the ballot shall be in the following form : For the constitution : Ves. No. As a heading to each of said ballots there shall be printed on each ballot the fol- lowing instructions to voters : All persons desiring to vote for the constitution must erase the word " No." All persons desiring to vote against the constitution must erase the word "Yes." Sec. 15. The legislature at its first sesssiou shall provide for the election of all officers whose election is not provided for elsewhere in this constitution, and fix the time for the comnieuceiuent and duration of their terms. Skc. 16. The provisions of this constitution shall be iii force iromtheday on which the President of the United States shall issue his proclamation declaring the State of Utah admitted into the Union; and the terms of all officers elected at the first election under the provisions of this constitution shall commence on the first Monday next succeeding the issue of said proclamation. Their terms of office shall expire when their successors are elected and qualified under this constitution. REPORT OF THE GOVERNOK OF UTAH. 47 Done in , ouventiou at Salt Lake City, in the Territory of Utah, this eightli day of May, in the year of onr Lord one thousaud eight hundred and ninety-tive, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and nineteenth. John Henky Smith, President. Attest: Pauley P. Chkistbnsbn, Secretary. Louis Bbunhaudt Adams. RuFUs Albern Allen. Andrew Smith Anderson. John Richard Barnes. John Rutledgb: Bowdlb. John Sell Boyer. Theodore Beandley. Herbert Guion Button. William Buys. Chester Call. Geokge Moiislby Cannon. John Foy Chidester. Parley Christiansen. Thomas H. Clakk, Jr. Louis Lavillk Coray. Elmkr Ellsworth Corfman. Charles Crane. William Creee. George Cdnningham. Arthur John (Jushing. WillIaji Driver. Dennis Clay Eichnor. Alma Eldredge. ' George Rhodes Emery. Andreas Engberg. David Evans. Abel John Evans. LoRiN Farr. Samuel Francis. William Henry Gibbs. Charles Carrol Goodwin. James Frederic Green. Francis Asbury Hammond. ChaRLE.I HENR'i- Hakt. Harry Haynes. John Daniel Holladay. Robert W. Heybornb. Samuel Hood Hill. William Howard. Henry Hughes. Joseph Alonzo Hyde. Anthony Woodward Ivins. Wm. F. James. Lycurgus Johnson. Joseph Loftis Jolley. Frederick John Kibsel. David Keith. Thomas Keaens. William Jasper Kerb. Andrew Kimball. James Nathaniel Kimball. Richard G. Lambert. Lauritz Laesen. Christen Peter Larsen. Hyeu:« Lemmon. Theodore Belden Licwis. William Lowe. Pbtee Lowe. .Iamks Paton Low. Anthony Canute Lund. Karl G. Maeser. Richard Mackintosh. Thomas Maloney. William H. Maughn. Robert McFarland. Geo. p. Miller. Elias Morris, Jacob Moritz. John Rigg.s Murdock. Joseph Royal Murdock. James Da^id Murdock. Aqcilla Nebekeh. Jeremiah Day Page. Edward Partridge. J. D Peters. MONS Peterson. Jajies Chrlstian Peterson. Franklin Pierce. Wm. B. Preston. Alonzo Hazelton Raleigh. Franklin Snyder Richards. Joel Ricks. Brigham Henry Roberts. .Jasper Robertson. Joseph Eldridge Robinson. Willis P^ugene Robison. George Ryan. John Henry Smith. Geoege B. Squiees. William Gilson Sharp. Harbison Tcttle Shubtliff. Edmund Hunter Snow. Hyeum Hupp Spencer. David Beaineed Stovee. Chaeles Nettleton Strbvell. Charles William Symons. Daniel Thompson. Moses Thatcher. Ingwald Conrad Thoresen. Joseph Ephraim Thoenb. Samuel R. Thubman. William Geant Van Hobne. Charles Ste'ison Vaeian. HEBEii M. Welis. Noble Wabrum, Jr. Orson Ferguson Whitney. Joseph John Williams.